I I r.' Wk * ' a r^T r* j*-:-- *’ r*^ ^ u.. (>■''- ' - ' \ -* 7 > - ■-: -» ^ ■•J r.- '■>*4 =a?i‘ ♦; -* 5 - _ > V'v . >^' lit’.."'Vv ■■' •■ ' ■^■:'y^: iS 'd ,, -:• .'"■■%• • . -- *■■■- •v-'.. -^-1 •'- ^ “V-'^ntiCr ■ _ * - — - m ^W* . , ^ • - • . .. •«■ • • ^ ^ ^ • « - ^ »• ifl .'^' liJ tl. v*v - . ‘ » .'-V > ' if ^SKi •.r'-ifc-K- - r • ^,V;,_r.. . { ?-;-^« vt; ■•• .J ^ . rt, ■'*■ Jr t»L * ■ .r-rl - ■■■-*** v-w^ ■ •^ * 7 . ^ ehT-^ ■ ■> ^ VI • t ■■ ^ 50TH ANNIVERSARY of the FAIRMOUNT PARK ART ASSOCIATION 1871 - 1921 1907 PLAN OF THE FAIRMOUNT PARKWAY Prepared under a commission from the Fairmount Park Art Association by Paul P. Cret, Horace Trumbauer and C. C. Zantzinger. Adopted by the City of Philadelphia in 1909. The execution of this plan is about completed. FAIRMOUNT PARK ART ASSOCIATION An Account of its Origin and zActivities from its Foundation in 1871 . Issued on the Occasion of its Fifti- eth Anniversary 1921 Published by the Association Philadelphia 1922 “The true measure of a community is the measure of the things for which it cares and that the record of such greatness of spirit and such nobleness of purpose as it possesses are em- bodied in the work it leaves behind; that the memory and influence of such worthiness as it ever develops, if it lives at all, is perpetuated by its art alone. So that no better service can be rendered to the community, in which we happen to live, than the promotion in every possible way ol those forms of culture and the cherishing of those ideals, which find expression in art.” Leslie \V. Miller Committee on Fiftieth Anniversary Andrew Wright Crawford, Chairman Charles Louis Borie, Jr. Eli Kirk Price Charles J. Cohen, ex officio Publication Nionher 59 Copyrighted by FAIHMOl^NT PARK ARF ASSOCIATION 1922 6 OFFICERS 1921 PRESIDENT Charles J. Cohen VICE-PRESIDENTS James M. Beck Henry K. Fox TREASURER W. Hinckle Smith SECRETARY Roland L. Taylor 320 South Broad Street BOARD OF TRUSTEES Term Expires in i()2i C. L. Borie, Jr. Albert Kelsey Andrew Wright Crawford Roland L. Taylor Henry K. Fox Joseph Widener Term Expires in ig22 James M. Beck Eli Kirk Price Charles J. Cohen Edgar V. Seeler Huger Elliott Joseph Allison Steinmetz Term Expires in ig2;^ *A. G. Hetherington J. Rodman Paul I. Franklin McFadden W. Hinckle Smith John D, McIlhenny George S. Webster COUNSEL James M. Beck Deceased. 7 STAN DING COi\ I M I TI' EES (The President is ex officio a member of all Committees) I. On Works of Art *Ed\vard H. Coates Albert Kelsey Paul P. Cret Howard Longstreth *A. G. Hetherington Edgar V. Seeler Joseph Widener 2. Auditing Committee Joseph Allison Steinmetz, Chairman John D. McIlhenny 3. On Finance, Legacies and Trusts W. Hinckle Smith, Chairman Henry K. Eox Joseph Allison Steinmetz John D. McIlhenny Roland L. Taylor SPECIAL COMMITTEES I. On Robert Morris Memorial Roland L. Taylor, Chairman James M. Beck Effingham B. Morris Henry H. Collins *Francis B. Reeves Henry K. Fox Levi L. Rue Joseph Allison Steinmetz 2. On Ericsson Memorial Edward T. Stotesbury. Theophilus P. Chandler *Edward H. Coates Henry M. Dechert Samuel S. Eels \V. \V. Gibbs *Robert E. Hastings John Story Jenks Albert Kelsey J. Bertram Lippincott William Potter Thomas Harris Powers Joseph Allison Steinmetz 3. On Shakespeare Memorial Eli Kirk Price, Chairman James M. Beck 4. On Samuel Foundation Charles L. Vioki'e., Chairman Edward Biddle Eli Kirk Price William A. Mason J. Bunford Samuel *Deceased. 8 TABLE OF CONTENTS Address, “The Utility of Civic Beauty,” at the Celebration of the Fiftieth x‘\nniversary, by Hon. James M. Beck 11 History of the Association by Charles J. Cohen, President 31 List of Officers and Trustees 75 Biographies of the Founders of the Association and Members of the First Board of Trustees (For names and pages see Index) 79 List of Works of Art Contributed by the Association Park Branch 131 City Branch 133 Reproduction of Works of Art 134-183 Biographies of the Sculptors 185 History of the Fairmount Parkway and Art Museum, by Andrew Wright Crawford, George S. Webster and the late William Perrine 244 List of Addresses at the Annual Meetings 253 The Financial Status 261 Preamble to the Original Constitution 262 Members 264 Q CELEBRATION OF THE FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY The Fiftieth Anniversary of the Fairmount Park Art Association was celebrated on June 7, 1921, by a tour of Fairmount Park, an inspection of the Art Museum, then in course of construction, and a meeting in the Portico of the Water-Works. Over one hundred people met in Logan Square and were conducted in sight-seeing automobiles through the East and West Park to view the various works of Art given by or under the auspices of the Fairmount Park Art Association. The automobiles ascended Fairmount. The Association’s guests were conducted over the Museum and thence proceeded to the Portico. Mr. Charles J. Cohen, President of the Association, spoke briefly, and introduced the Honorable James M. Beck, who delivered an address on “The Utility of Civic Beauty.” After the addresses supper was served on the terrace of the Water- Works. 10 THE UTILITY OF CIVIC BEAUTY BY JAMES MONTGOMERY BECK, LL.D., Litt. D. 'President^ Indies and (^e?ttleme?i: E ARE met this afternoon to celebrate no mean or unimportant event in the annals of this historic city. Fifty years ago the Eairmount Park Art Association was born and I need say no more than to quote the most gifted sculptor that America ever gave to the world, Augustus Saint-Ciaudens, who once said to me that the Eairmount ^ark Art Association was “not only the first but was still the best of the civic movements of its class in the United States.” It is well, therefore, for us to remember gratefully those who initiated this movement a half century ago. To tell what they did — and what resulted — should be an inspiration to the present generation of Philadelphians and especially to the young men and women of Philadelphia. In the summer of 1871 there was a young man in Phila- delphia by the name of Charles El. Howell. He was only twenty-three years of age and was only one among, let us say, 700,000 people. What could one young man do to advance the city that he so dearly loved.^ He thought, as Eairmount Park was at that time expanding its beautiful domain as far as the upper Wissahickon, that perhaps the greatest service he could render in his lifetime was to initiate a movement that would add the art of man to the gifts with which God had so prodi- gally endowed this magnificent pleasure domain. \\’ith this purpose he met in conference with another young man, who is still living in Philadelphia and whose name ought also to be gratefully remembered, Henry K. F'ox. It is well for us to recall for a moment the conditions in 1871, upon which these two young men were obliged to base 11 12 PORTICO OF THK WAI KR-WOR KS The Address of the Hon. James M. Beck was delivered here their plan of work. I can remember, although not very old, that year. It was a wonderful year in Philadelphia’s history. In the first place, it was just passing from the village to the city by abolishing a volunteer fire department, whose companies were more apt to fight each other than to fight fires. It was the year when the Congress of the United States passed a resolution endorsing the project of the Centennial Exposition — not until after the display of a great deal of jealousy on the part of other American cities and states. Probably the en- dorsement by the national government, in March, 1871, of the project to hold an international exposition in the city of Philadelphia had much to do with Colonel Howell’s fine and splendid project. It was the year, too, when the whole world was shaken by the mighty conflict of the two great gladiators of the last two thousand years in the history of Europe — namely Ger- many and Erance — and some of us may remember in the summer of 1871, after Germany had conquered, that there was a parade in the city of Philadelphia nine miles in length, the last of the parades, which in a measure reflected the spirit of the Middle Ages; for, as I recall that parade, and I recall it well, it was the nearest approach in life to the last act of the Meistersinger, when the procession of the guilds enters the ancient city of Nuremberg. I remember the bakers throwing out the rolls, the butchers sausages, the tailors the products of their work, and I saw from hour to hour this mighty pro- cession passing on to mark the triumph of Germany in the great war. d'he city of 1871 was yet very much of a village, in which for nearly fifty years there had not been the sug- gestion of art as an element in our civic life, but which was suddenly to spring into a new life and to undergo a new birth by reason of these two young men, hardly turned twenty years, who, though but two among 700,(XX) of people, de- termined that something must be done to redeem Philadelphia from the reproach of an excessive industrialism. So these two young men founded the Fairmount Park Art Association. All honor to them! They have deserved well of their city. Fifty years have passed away and we their successors are met to celebrate the event, and no words of mine could be half so eloquent as that which we have seen in the journey we have been privileged to take through this noble park by the cour- tesy of the Fairmount Park Art Association. It is enough to say that the movement thus initiated by those two men has 13 14 THE FAIRMOUNT WATER-WORKS View from the River below the Dam resulted in fifty works of art being given to the city and the park; that it has resulted in a permanent endowment of 3130,000; that it has influenced two magnificent gifts to Phila- delphia, one, already executed, the memorial gateway at Lansdowne — the Richard Smith memorial — and the other, yet to be erected, provided by the munificence of the late Mrs. Samuel, namely the adornment ot the east bank of the Schuylkill in a way that will commemorate the growth of America from the time of the Norsemen to the present age. But, great as have been these achievements in thus amass- ing a splendid endowment, while giving fifty works of art to this great park — and who will say that the attractiveness of the park has not gained by it — yet the indirect influence of this Association has been even greater, for it has given a tremen- dous impetus to the civic aesthetic movement in Philadelphia. In no small degree the Parkway, constructed upon plans pro- posed by this x'\ssociation and soon to be crowned by this magnificent temple of art, owes its origin to the educational work of the Fairmount Park Art xAssociation. This marvelous parkway will be to future generations the v/a triumphalis of Philadelphia, as the great highway of that name was to the men of Rome, and generations yet to be born will pass up the flight of marble steps to this gracious temple now in process of erection. That, we can say without any exaggeration, is in part due to the impetus given to the aesthetic development of Philadelphia by these two young men, who thus courageously launched their project and hitched their wagon to a star just fifty years ago. It would, however, be the sheerest flattery to say that art was born in Philadelphia fifty years ago. On the contrary, art has been from the very beginning of this historic city a great tradition and a noble impulse. You may not recall the fact, but, not long after Franklin had landed at High Street wharf, not long after the city had been founded and when the son of the first proprietor, Thomas Penn, came to Philadelphia, having then probably not 6,000 inhabitants, the leading citi- zens of the little village petitioned Thomas Penn to take steps to develop education and culture, so that, to use their own words, “it would make of Philadelphia the ^Athens of America.” Such was the expression and thus did the founders of this great city hitch their wagon to a star. And it was cer- tainly no small art development that led a city, which at that time may have had no more than fifteen thousand people, to IS plan that venerable State House, which, if it had had no his- toric traditions, would yet be a very beautiful building. Mel- low as it is with years, it has an artistic charm because of the dignity ot its lines and the simplicity of its motive. At all events, the State House in Philadelphia, which we now call Independence Hall, planned by a man, who was not an archi- tect but a lawyer, even as Christ Church, another noble edifice, was planned not by an architect but by a doctor — these two buildings in a city, which amounted to little more than a village, showed that there was a latent art in Philadelphia from its very beginning. Later, in the period of Washington, when the great Gen- eral and President held his court here, Philadelphia became in a sense — was in truth — the Athens of America. Benjamin \\’est, the first American painter who ever won international renown, went abroad from Philadelphia and became not only the first exhibitor in the Royal Academy, but later, as its President, the successor of the great Sir Joshua Reynolds and for the first time drew world-wide attention to an American painter. Here it was that Charles Willson Peale — a man of varied talents — and his son, the illustrious Rembrandt Peale, Gilbert Stuart, Sully and others, whose names will readily occur to you, laid the foundations for an art in Philadelphia, that attracted attention not nierely in this country, but throughout the world, and, what is more, has stood the test of time, for I think that Stuart’s and Sully’s art, as shown by their lovely portraits, is not to be outclassed by anything that even Romney or Lawrence did in painting the beauties of English society. W e are, therefore, standing not only in the city that is the birthplace of American art, as it was the birthplace of American liberty, but as a matter of fact on a spot, which marked after Colonial times the cradle not only of art in Philadelphia, but of art in America; for, after the water-works were removed from Centre Square to where we now are, the first impulse to improve the city by a public park commenced, one hundred and ten years ago, where we are now assembled, when five acres of ground were acquired around the then novel water- works, and it was here that William Rush, the first American sculptor, placed the “Spirit of the Schuylkill,’’ which still stands in its basin, only a few hundred feet away, while over the doorways to these entrances, to what were then the water-works, are the other works of Rush — one 16 THE SCHUYLKILL IN CHAINS Sculpture in Wood by William Rush THE SCHUYLKILL RELEASED Sculpture in Wood by William Rush 17 representing the river chained by the obstructions of its rocky bed and the other the river freed from its bonds, but doing useful service through the medium ot the water- works; and it is interesting to note that in the chronicles of those times it was said, referring to the “Spirit of the Schuylkill,’’ that no greater piece of art was to be found in all the world. We may not endorse that verdict, but nevertheless it stands here as the first impulse of art in Philadelphia outside of the build- ings, designed by amateur architects, to which I have akeady referred. Now there came a period of time, which gives this event which we celebrate peculiar significance, for with the passing of the golden age of art in Philadelphia, with the passing of the Peales and West, Stuart and Sully, the illustrious men of that period, there came through the development of the steamship and the locomotive an era of industrialism, that lasted for nearly half a century, that submerged all the aesthetic impulses of Philadelphia and took from it its former position as the Athens of America. It was a period naturally of great industrial development. Man was harnessing the forces of Nature; he was endeavoring to take those invisible forces of steam and electricity and conquer an almost virgin continent; and it is not surprising that here and elsewhere throughout the United States the spirit of industrialism sub- merged the love of art. The same thing was true of England — which in the same period became a great workshop. I read with great interest only a few hours ago in one of the earlier addresses made before the Eairmount Park Art Association, how, when Provost Stille went to England before the first international exposition was held, the universal prevalence of the ugly in English life, the utter absence of anything beautiful, was noticed by him and he attributed it to the tremendous epoch-making transformation of “merrie England ’’ into a vast industrial workshop. The same thing had happened here and for fifty years the art impulse was lost in the whirr and roar and clangor of the machines which man built up. I'herefore It was that in 1871, fifty years ago, there came the first reac- tion against the excessive spirit of industrialism in Philadel- phia, which had condemned it to be a workshop and nothing more. That reaction led the people of Philadelphia to say, “Well, after all man cannot live by the bread of industrialism alone, he must feed upon the finer fruits of the spirit, he must protest against the universal standardization of machinery, 18 that is stamping out the artistic soul of the individual.” And thus, responsive to the impulse, which had already found ex- pression in the ambitious attempt to erect an ornate City Hall — and the aim was high, even though the performance in some respects lagged behind it — and in other manifestations, like the building of the Academy of the Fine Arts, there came to Philadelphia a new spirit, which for fifty years had been unknown, had lain dormant and was now revived; and, if you seek the results of that spirit, I would say to you, as the epitaph of Sir Christopher Wren under the dome of St. Paul’s in London says of his monument, “Look about you.” Look at this city, with its monotonous, rectangular streets, pierced by this noble avenue of the Parkway. Look at this magnificent domain of Fairmount Park, the noblest of all the world, and here our civic pride need not fear to betray us into exaggeration. J have only recently examined two great public parks of two great American cities and today I was interested, as we rode, in contrasting them. Nothing more splendid than Fairmount Park in the infinite variety of its beauty can be seen in any city in the world, and it is this park, that this Association has enriched with statues that commemorate the great men of the Republic — statues that commemorate the great men of other nations — statues that commemorate the great ideals of humanity like Jeanne d’Arc — statues also that have no mere commemorative or historic appeal, but simply stand for the ideal of beauty in the world — the ideal of beauty that is to be a protest against the sordid, mechanical character of our time, due to a too rapid and too excessive development of industrialism. I'hat brings me to say the one serious thing I wanted to say, and I must not trespass upon your patience very long. I promised the Fairmount Park Art Association that I would speak upon the utility of beauty. Well, beauty is its own justification and defense. \Vas it not Keats who said, “A thing of beauty is a joy forever.^” I do not want, as I have on previous occasions when in this city, to argue for public improvements merely on material grounds. There is no greater asset that a city can have than its beauty. Untold millions of dollars have been poured into the lap of Paris, because that queenly city of the Seine saw that art had a utility quite as great as any other element of human value. I do not want to put it upon that pecuniary plane, for that requires no emphasis. You and I know, that, if we want 19 to attract the stranger within the gates of Philadelphia, if we want him to stay longer than his mere business interests re- quire him to stay, if we make our city a delight to the eye, we will never lack countless thousands of strangers who will come to this city to see it, when it has some appeal to their aesthetic sense, even as they go to Rome or to Paris or as the whole world once went to Athens. Oh, I sometimes wish that I could do what Franklin wished that he could do. Mortality unfortunately forbids. I wish I could suspend animation and float, as he wished, in a cask of Madeira for a hundred years. I would like to come back a hundred years from now and walk up the Parkway, in which I trust you will permit me to say I did contribute some little modest service, for it was one of the hobbies of my youthful life and I argued for it and begged for it and pleaded for it in a number of speeches, which I inflicted on my fellow citizens, when it seemed almost hope- less to get it; but I should like to walk up that Parkway and climb at last the flight of steps that will lead to the central temple of the Art (lallery and look over the Philadelphia of a hundred years from now, which will, I venture to predict, attract a thousand strangers for every one it attracts today; for, if this iusthetic impulse be not retarded, if Philadelphia be only worthy of its splendid destiny, with all the natural advantages that have been given to it, Philadelphia can be- come, even as those modest founders of our city begged 'Phomas Penn to make it in the very days of its beginning and as it can be made, the Athens of America. But I want, in emphasizing the utility of beauty, simply to say one thing — and I have partly anticipated the thought — and that is this. In the last six months I have been brooding a great deal on a question which has profoundly interested me, and that is the effect of a mechanical civilization upon human character and the human soul. I have witnessed within the lifetime of men now living a revolution in human life more stupendous, more infinite in its capacity for evil, than all the changes that ever took place in the history of man from the time, five hundred thousand years ago, of the cave dweller until the present hour. All previous inventions, that had marked man’s progress, were mere conquests over visible, physical nature. Today, however, he has mastered the in- visible forces of nature. These have increased his power a thousand fold. He has made of himself the super-man; he has become the super-bird, brushing the eagles out of the 20 21 TERRACES OF THE FAIRMOUNT WATER-WORKS path ot his aeroplane, which, directed by his swift intelligence, is hut an extra-corporeal addition to his body. He has be- come the super-hsh with his submarine. He has annihilateci space with his telephone, his telegraph, and that marvelous wireless telephony, which makes the invisible “couriers of the air” the messengers of his intelligence. He has done all that, but, having done that, by the grinding force of a perfectly soulless mechanical civilization he has standardized the soul of man into a dull anci almost soulless mediocrity. In other words, if I had time to enlarge upon this theme — and I have not — I think I could demonstrate to you how imperceptibly the soul of man has been crushed in the roar of the whirring machinery of his own creation. If you will read that remark- able book of Samuel Butler, “Erehwon,” or the most recent contribution of Ferrero, “Between the Old ^^’orld and the New,” you will understand the idea that I am not develop- ing, but simply suggesting, and that is, that the whole char- acter of a mechanical age tends to crush the spirit of individual- ism; and there is nothing so fatal to art as the destruction of individualism, because the thing in human life, that best pre- serves the spirit of individualism, is art. ^^ hy, man has be- come submerged as a citizen in great groups, as a worker in great groups of workers; as a worker with his hands he has become subordinated to a machine, which he simply watches. His soul has felt the terrific crushing power of this mighty hammer of a mechanical civilization, but the one thing that machinery cannot crush is the individualism of art, for, while two artists may collaborate, one on a horse and the other on the rider of a horse, or one on the pedestal and the other on the statue on the pedestal, or even collaborate on a building, yet, in its last essence, a work of art as such must be the ex- pression and the aspiration of an individual soul. It must be born in the man; once he has it in him, no machinery can possibly call it forth and no machinery can ever give it expres- sion. It can imitate, yes. The mechanical piano can imitate Paderewski playing a sonata, but it is not the divine soul of the great Pole as he interprets Beethoven, as the mighty spirit of Beethoven pours from his inner soul. ^'ou can fashion statuary by machinery, clip it by ma- chinery, do all sorts of things by machinery, but you cannot by machinery conceive a \"enus de Milo, ^'ou cannot conceive so exquisite an idea of feminine beauty by any kind of ma- chinery that the ingenuity of man can invent. The most 22 potent protest, then, against the grinding spirit of a purely mechanical age, which in itself we cannot undo, is the spirit of art. If you can develop art in the community, you can save the soul of the individual. You talk of unrest. Why should there not he labor un- rest.^ Why should not a man, who no longer has the oppor- tunity to work with his muscles or soul or mind, who simply for eight hours watches a machine, that asks no advice from him, that asks no co-operation from him, that never fails, never slips, never tires, never wears out, why should not such a man resent his lot.^ That man leaves the factory, denied something, which is a primitive need of his nature — namely, self-expression. If he is denied that and cannot find it out- side the machine that he simply watches, then that man has within him all the possibilities of the social rebel. But, give to that man, when he leaves the factory, the inspiration of art, give him something to feed the divine part of his being, his immortal soul; let him climb, as he will one day climb, the steps on yonder hill and stand under the columns of the central temple, look down the great Parkway and see everywhere be- fore him beautiful buildings; let him do that and then he has something to feed his soul, and, no matter whether he lives in a garret or in a marble palace, he has the instinct of beauty latent within him and you have fed it and prevented it from being starved. That is what I had in mind in suggesting the utility of beauty — that it is no mere luxurious pleasure or love of adorn- ment, that leads us to erect this statue or that lovely fountain. We are not only doing what is good for ourselves, but we are doing the most truly democratic thing in the world. And why Works of art, such as the Fairmount Park Art Association gives, are what all classes of men in the nature of the case share on the basis of absolute equality. You have a private art col- lection and it is vour own. You have lovelv adornments for your house; they are your own. You build a great church and only its own adherents go into it. You create a symphony orchestra and only the subscribers can hear it. But have you ever thought of the countless millions of children yet unborn, who in the hot days of summer will stand around the fountain in Logan Square and hear those splashing waters and feel their little souls refreshed by the psychological effect of falling water Or have you ever thought in connection with these works of art, which this Association has given to the city, of the stimu- 23 lus to the people who come and throng this park? The poorest child from the slums, as well as the child of the multi-million- aire, can see without money or price something which is a stimulant to his idea of beauty and develops in his soul that which otherwise might starve I shall only suggest one other thought and I trust you will bear with me, because it is perhaps more practical than that, which 1 have just been saying. We have with pardonable pride felicitated ourselves this afternoon on a great work, be- gun fifty years ago and hitherto showing great results. When the annals of Philadelphia come to be written, it will be no mean chapter that records the beginning of the Fairmount Park Art Association. But, let me say, I think we should mingle our justifiable jubilation with a little diffidence, for, great as is the work that we have done, it is nothing to what we could have done and should have done. Do you realize that this Association in the first year of its existence had 750 members? Today it has 350. Seven hun- dred and fifty members in a population of 700,000 people and only 350 in a population of 1,800,000! Do you know that there never was a time in the city of Philadelphia from the birth of this organization, with its elective dues of either one dollar for an associate member or five dollars for an active member, that there were not countless thousands, who ought to have joined the Fairmount Park Art Association because of its universal appeal to civic spirit? I think in that respect we have made a mistake and I think it was a natural mistake, because it came in the very beginning of this organization; as expressed in one of its first announcements, it was to be an organization of “ladies and gentlemen.” That meant it was to be a social organization of Philadelphia, made up by its so called best people and ad- ministered by them. Now is it not true that there are at least 10,000 people in this city, who would willingly contribute five dollars a year to this organization, in whose benefits they are sharing every time they walk its streets or traverse its park? Is it not likely that there are 20,000, who could spare one dollar — less than half the cost of a theatre ticket — to con- tribute to that which would be a lasting joy? 'I'his Association, instead of having, as it now has, about ^7,000, or we will say ^10,(XX), of income from its dues, with an ultimate but sure endowment of 330,(X)0 a year from Mrs. Samuel’s bequest — this Association ought to have 350,000 a 24 year in dues and, if it had that amount, in fifty years it could transform this city. It has already with its meagre member- ship, that has rarely gone beyond a thousand members at any one time in the whole fifty years of its career, transformed the park and is beginning to transform the city. But, if we could each year erect such statues, as could be secured by co- operative effort, within fifty years we would hardly know Philadelphia, and then indeed, if we could come out of Frank- lin’s cask of Madeira, we would see a change extraordinary and most beneficent in its possibilities. On this F'iftietli Anniversary of the Association we ought to take a high re- solve, that no longer will we be an association of merely “ladies and gentlemen.’’ Let us be one of citizens. Let us be a civic association, to whose membership all are welcome, and let us go out into the highways and byways and appeal to the people of Philadelphia to contribute a dollar apiece, if that is all they can contribute, or five dollars, if they can, and let us get a fund that will move forward with a rapidity, to which even the past would seem slow. Is it impracticable.^ Why is it no one deems it imprac- ticable to appeal to your churches, to your Chambers of Com- merce, to your Bourses, to your great Manufacturers’ Club — ■ all the clubs — to the women’s organizations, who, as in the case of the Symphony Orchestra, raised a million dollars in a few months? Let us appeal to all the civic activities of Phila- delphia, never so active as at this moment, and let us say to them, “This is one thing in which all of you, whatever your special interest may be, ought to be interested.’’ Suppose we had 350,000 a year to spend. In two years we could build a Greek theatre against that hill, looking down upon this portico as a stage, in which an orchestra could play, a classic per- formance be given, or public meetings be held. Consider this lovely development of the Schuylkill River as far as the Callowhill Street bridge. And, then, looking from one picture to another, look at the hideous neglect of an opportunity beyond. These old fathers of ours, who put up this balustrade and adorned the five acres which were the be- ginning of the Fairmount Park, where we now stand, had a sense of art, which I think it would be idle to depreciate. As far as the Callowhill Street bridge, the development is beauti- ful. South of it is an eyesore of neglected river banks. Heaven grant they may be redeemed. But the work has not yet been done and I suppose some- 25 one here, if he came from another city, would say Philadelphia is too slow. Philadelphia is not too slow. Philadelphia is not slow at all. A city that can develop from seven hundred thousand to a million eight hundred thousand people in fifty years and whose industries are among the greatest in the world is not slow. But Philadelphia, like every great historic city, lacks the sense of the passing of time. I remember once asking a great Italian in Rome what he thought of a dis- tinguished American — President Roosevelt — who had just left Rome after coming up from Africa. He looked at me in a pitying way and he said, “Mr. Beck, from the background of our 2600 years of history, Colonel Roosevelt seems small.” Then I realized what it must be to have a civic consciousness, which runs for twenty-six centuries and which feels therefore, “Well, if this generation does not do it, the next will, and, if the next won’t do it, the following one will. I may not be here to have it, but 1 am a citizen of Rome, I enjoy all that was ever past and I am going to enjoy all that is future.” "Phat is the feeling of every great historic city — of Rome, Paris, London; it is the reason why the great cathedrals, that are the despair of the architect, like the Milan and the Rheims cathedrals, were so long in building; it was nothing to any generation that it did not live to see them finished. What they were concerned about was that sufficient time should be taken, because centuries were nothing to a city that lives for centuries. Take a city like Chicago; it has no such time sense, it cares nothing about what happened last year and little about what will happen tomorrow. What it wants is to do it today. “Let us see it and get done with it.” When Chicago says, “I will,” it begins and ends an improvement, while we are still dreaming about it. That does not mean that we are un- fortunate and they fortunate in this different point of view — not at all. Do you know that it has been a great blessing that Phila- delphia has had this time consciousness and has rarely done things too quickly.^ If we had not been quite so hasty with the City Hall, we should have had a better building. If we had planned and built the Parkway, when I, among others, urged it, it would have been a one hundred feet wide street and nothing more and, while it would have been a great im- provement, it never would have been the stupendous thing that it has become. There is not a city in the world, which has done anything upon such a splendid scale, since Baron 26 Haussmann revolutionized Paris. There are improvements, as in Washington, with open spaces, or in Chicago, with the open lake front, but in the tearing down of thousands of build- ings and the building of a great avenue, which will last tor centuries, the Parkway has developed by mere patience into a work of stupendous magnitude. I can remember, when we wanted to put the Art Gallery on Lemon Hill. The design then selected was as nothing com- pared with this magnificent design, that, to the honor of Philadelphia architects, has been provided for future genera- tions. I was impressed, when I walked over the foundations of this building, with the fact that for centuries to come it will not outgrow the space, ft is built, not for tomorrow or the next decade or for the rest of the century. That building is built, as the Parkway is built, to stand for centuries and to be the admiration of untold generations of Americans in the in- definite vista of the future. So there is some advantage in the fact, that Philadelphia with its historic consciousness, is not particularly concerned whether this generation does the work or the next one. And yet that attitude has its disadvantages; it enormously multi- plies the expense; it denies us, who are, like Dante, past the middle of life and find ourselves in a dark and sombre wood of gathering years, the pleasure of seeing of the travail of our soul and being satisfied. For my part, therefore, I would like to see the golden mean between the two extremes of too little sense of time, as in Chicago, and too great a sense of time, as in Philadelphia. Certainly I would have this Fairmount Park Art Association, as it enters upon its Fifty-first year, resolve that, instead of appealing to a membership of three hundred and fifty people, it shall have a membership so large, so representative of all classes, all conditions of the community, that it will be the great co-operative civic institution, which it was originally planned to be and which, with the wealth that would flow in by an enlarged membership, coulci and should each year do something that will add materially to the beauty of this city. Now, ladies and gentlemen, I have taken far too long, I know. It is an interesting occasion and the beauty of the sur- roundings and the compliment you have paid me by your kind attention hav'e perhaps encouraged me to prolong my remarks unduly. Let me end my little talk by saying, what I have often said — I apologize for repeating it, but it is a thought so beau- 27 tiful to me, that I have rarely spoken on this subject without the thought coming unbidden to my mind — and that is, that Philadelphia is the one American city with a Greek name to suggest the culture of Athens. Its early founders planned that it should be the Athens of x‘\merica. Charles Willson Peale, in his old age, also expressed the hope of seeing the day when Philadelphia should be the Athens of America. Its Greek name is an inspiration and let us therefore hope, that once again in this new world, with all its magnificent possi- bilities of art, that once again in this most historic city of the new world, there shall come to pass, as was once in ancient Greece, a new “city of the violet crown.” 28 THE STORY ot the FAIRMOUNT PARK ART ASSOCIATION 30 MUNICIPAL ART GAI.LF.RY Now in course of construction at the western end of the Parkway HISTORY of the FAIRMOUNT PARK ART ASSOCIATION by CHARLES J. COHEN, President O commemorate the Fiftieth Anniversary of the founding of the Fairmount Park Association a brief account has been pre- pared of its origin and activities during the half century of its existence. Short bio- graphical sketches have been introduced describing the original Board of Trustees and the several Presidents, who have oc- cupied that office, and special accounts of individuals where special service to the Association seemed to warrant such action. During the spring of 1871 two neighbors, Charles H. Howell and Henry K. Fox, conversed frequently about the future development of Fairmount Park and the possibilities of its adornment by statuary and other works ot xArt. Ex- tensive plans for the Park had just been completed and the land required for it acquired, notwithstanding great opposi- tion from many citizens, who regarded the expenditure as an unwarranted outlay of municipal funds. All honor should be accorded the memory of the men, who fought valiantly for this unrivalled pleasure ground, and it is fitting that the names of those composing the first Board of Commissioners of Fairmount Park, men who served with- out compensation and who with their successors up to the present have maintained an unbroken record of distinguished achievement, should be recorded. Prior to the appointment of the Commission, public- spirited citizens had urged the creation of the Park. The late Ferdinand H. Dreer made this statement at the annual meet- .31 ing of the Fairmount Park Art Association, December 1, 1895: “I want to state as a fact, now but little known, that it was largely due to the unremitting exertions of Charles S. Keyser and James H. Castle, that we are indebted for our Park. For, in 1855, and even prior to the consolidation of our City, they were untiring in their efforts to arouse public sentiment in favor of such a resort, and I know that it was through their energy and continued work that our City’s pleasure ground was at length secured.” Original Commissioners of Fairmount Park appointed in 1867: Eli K. Price John Welsh William Sellers Joseph Harrison John C. Cresson The members ex officio were: Morton McMichael, Mayor Joshua Spering, President of Select Council Joseph F. Marcer, President of Common Council Charles Dixey, Commissioner of City Property Frederick Graff, Chief Engineer of the Water Works Strickland Kneass, Chief Engineer of the City I'he first meeting of the Commission was held on June 3, 1867, at which the above-named were present. The following officers were elected: Morton McMichael, President George G. Meade, Pice-President James E. Marcer, Secretary N. H. Browne, Treasurer THE FOUNDING OF THE ASSOCIATION 1871 In June, 1871, fifteen gentlemen consented to act as temporary officers and trustees of the proposed Fairmount Park Art Association. Drafts of Preamble, Constitution and By-Laws were prepared and on the 22nd of June a subscrip- tion book was opened and over two hundred became members of the proposed Association. On September 27th the Board met at the office of the Commercial National Bank, 314 Chestnut Street, adopted the 32 N. B. Browne Theodore Cuyler Henry M. Phillips Gustavus Remak George G. Meade report of the Committee on Charter and made formal appli- cation to the State Legislature for the Charter, a requirement that has been superseded under the amended constitution of 1874. The Preamble* and Constitution were adopted and the following Officers and Trustees were elected: PRESIDENT Anthony J. Drexel VICE-PRESIDENT H. CoRBiT Ogden TREASURER James L. Claghorn SECRETARY John Bellangee Cox 'IRUSTEES A. J. Drexel James L. Claghorn Edward H. Trotter \Vm. j. Horstmann Henry C. Gibson Samuel S, White Henry K. Fox Charles Thomas Dolan Archibald Campbell Joseph Frailey Smith John Bellangee Cox H. CoRBiT Ogden Fred Meade Bissell Walter Lippincott H. Howell A notice stated: “The Charter may be signed at Bailey & Co.’s, Twelfth and Chestnut Streets; J. E. Caldwell & Co.’s, 902 Chestnut Street; J. S. Earle & Son’s, 816 Chestnut Street; C. H. & H. P. Muirhead’s, 205 South Sixth Street; and at the Office of The Association, 528 Locust Street.’’ It is a notable fact that, notwithstanding the great activi- ties and prominent position held by Anthony J. Drexel in the community, this was the only Association (with the exception of the Drexel Institute), of which he at any time would accept the Presidency, and he remained in that position until his death. Of those original members, the only one who has survived to the present day, still retaining his membership in the Board, is Henry K. Fox, who tells ol his early friendship with Charles H. Howell and of an informal meeting at their home, where they discussed the possibilities of interesting the mem- bers of the community in such an undertaking. Shortly * See page 262 33 J.2'. cAd(!UA:^,4^ /ftp /P//^'Jit:^tC^9^, Signatures of the first members continued. 35 tyi. 3o 3/ / S^-3 — c^Ty />»5^ (jic, 33 u- 7//r^. , ^/LuO'^A^f /^^ycUy^ ^lij i-j 7y*/t rt ^ ^ /Xt/ S. Carson, Ksq., followed by a short address by the I^resident. On the day following. President McKinley, escorted by a Committee of the Fairmount Park Art Association, visited the U. S. S. Raleigh, lying in the Delaware River, was received with full honors and made an address to the officers and men. (The above has been taken from a complete illustrated report No. 33, published by the Association at the time, copies of which may be had by those interested upon appli- cation to the Secretary.) At the meeting of the Board of Trustees, held September 21, 1899, Mr. James \V. Paul, Jr., stated that a friend and public spirited citizen had offered to contribute to the Fair- mount Park xArt Association as trustee the sum of Five thousand dollars towards a fund for erecting a statue to the late Captain John FTicsson, the inventor and builder of the United States iron-clad Monitor, which so successfully fought the Confederate ram Merrimac, March 9, 1862, during the war for the Union. Following this, other subscriptions were obtained, the Association agreeing to contribute liberally, and the Com- mission would have been carried out, had it not been tor the 54 World War, which interfered greatly with the development of the East I^ank of the Schuylkill in the vicinity of the old W ater W’orks, for which development a commission had been given to Prof. Paul P. Cret, who, however, was engaged in the war in France and has only recently returned to this country. In November, Charles H. Howell was obliged to with- draw from the Secretaryship and an appropriate minute thereon was adopted. At the Annual Meeting, October 31, 1899, it was stated that two fine antique bronze cannon and a mortar from the fortifications of Havana, which were cast at Barcelona and Seville, Spain, in 1731 and 1734, had been acquired and had been placed temporarily on Belmont Drive. Later they were removed to the front of Memorial Hall and placed on special carriages constructed from designs made by Charles E. Dana, \ ice-President of the Association. 4’he three pieces, from fortifications in Cuba, are orna- mented with decorations, including the royal arms of Spain as employed by Philip V and his Queen, Elizabeth. 1900 At the Annual Meeting, on December 19th, Vice-President Charles E. I3ana gave an illustrated address, entitled “Arms, Armor and Display in the Middle Ages.” Mr. Dana was a past master in this subject and the ad- dress was cordially received and attracted wide attention upon its publication in the 29th Annual Report. On December 7th, the finance committee had been dis- cussing the character of investment for available funds and finally obtained an opinion from the Hon. James M. Beck, their counsel, which supported the legal construction of the resolution adopted by the Board, so that the method of in- vestment was endorsed as to the purchase of bonds of the Lhiited States of America, of the State of Pennsylvania or of the City of Philadelphia, as well as investment in first mort- gages on improved real estate in the city of Philadelphia. Of recent years however mortgages have not been favored and by recent action it has been decided to collect those now held, as they fall due, making investment in government securi- ties, as noted above, the permanent practice of the Society. 55 1901 Elvvell’s group of “Charles Dickens and Little Nell” was erected in Clarence H. Clark Park in West Philadelphia. 1902 On January 16th, the Board received from the Trades League of Philadelphia (now Philadelphia Chamber of Com- merce) a sum approximating Two thousand dollars, that had been raised under the title of the “Childs-Drexel memorial fund”; this has been suitably invested and when opportunity offers the idea of the donors will be carried out. On Lebruary 7th, the following Resolution was adopted: “Resolved, This Association will accept the trust to erect in Fair- mount Park a memorial to a distinguished soldier and statesman to cost not less than ten thousand dollars, as proposed by Mr. Morris in his letter presented at this meeting, provided the design as a whole, including the inscription, shall first be approved by the Commissioners of Fairmount Park,” and it was further “Resolved, That this Board expresses through Mr. Morris to the generous and public spirited person referred to in his letter its appreciation of the proposal to entrust to this Association the erection of such a memorial and its gratification at this acknowledgment of the purpose and principles of the Association.” On March 11th, the firm of Burnham, Williams & Co., Baldwin Locomotive Works, wrote as follows: “This firm is ready to contribute a sufficient sum for the erection of a statue of Matthias W. Baldwin and would be glad to have the Lairmount Park i\rt Association take charge of the execution of the work. It has seemed to us that a proper site would be the east side of Broad Street at the end of the grass plot in the middle of Spring Garden Street.” This trust was accepted, the commission after due con- sideration being awarded to Herbert Adams, and the statue was completed and dedicated on June 2, 1906, his Honor, Mayor \\’eaver, officiating on the interesting occasion, which was made notable by the presence of (ieorge Burnham, Sr., then in his 90th year, who had been associated with Matthias Baldwin for very many years. On October 3d, the following was adopted: “The Board of Trustees, Fairmount Park Art Association, at their first meeting held since adjourning for the summer, must perform a mel- ancholy duty in noting the death of Col. Charles H. Howell, late President of the Association, on June 18, 1902. 56 “More than thirty years ago, when American sculpture was an art in its infancy, Col. Howell, then a very young man, animated by a desire to add to the attractiveness of his native city, conceived the idea of the formation of a society of ladies and gentlemen, who by annual con- tributions and by careful and earnest work might finally succeed in so desirable a consummation. Enlisting the interest and services of a number of art loving citizens, there was formed the Fairmount Park Art Association. As a director from its inception and serving as Secretary and finally as President, he gave the very best years of his active life to the enlargement and development of this work. He had the satisfaction of recognizing the position that the Association had gained not only in our own city and state but in the country generally and it must have been no small gratification to him to read in the journals of the day favorable comments on the work of the Society in its various directions. “It must not be supposed that these results were accomplished with- out great energy and self-sacrifice. During many years there were periods of uncertainty depressing in the extreme and to a man less persistent and less conscious of the duty of citizenship these would have been over- whelming and would have finally resulted in the possible disbandment of the .Association; but through dark days and bright ones the same energy and activity always remained with Col. Howell and always served him in good stead in the trials that beset the Association during its early existence. The members of the Board feel most keenly the severance of those close personal relations, that existed for so long be- tween their late President and themselves, and feel that the highest testimony of his worth by them may be best expressed through an active interest in the development of the ideas and purposes of this Association, for whose welfare he gave so many years of his life and in whose successful growth his greatest happiness lay. ‘He mourns the dead who lives as they desire.’ ” 1903 On November 13th, action was taken on the suggestion that a box of documents be placed in the foundations of all statues erected in future by the Association, so that the genera- tions in the distant future might have current history avail- able; therefore, when the statue of the “Medicine Man” was erected, a metal box hermetically sealed was placed in the foundation, the contents being the newspapers and American coins of the day with printed matter representative of local history. d'he minutes are replete with records of donations from members of the Board and friends of many photographs of statuary and buildings both in this country and in Europe; these have been arranged in a cabinet belonging to the Asso- ciation and indexed and may be referred to at any time by those interested. 57 The equestrian statue, “The Medicine Man,” in bronze, by Cyrus E. Dallin, was purchased by the Association and erected in the East Park at the head of Strawberry Hill, near the Dauphin Street entrance, on a pedestal of red Westerly granite. It was unveiled on December 10th and was formally presented to the City of Philadelphia and the Commissioners ot Eairmount Park at the Thirty-second Annual Meeting of this Association on the evening ol the same day. At the Annual Meeting, December 10th, attention was called by the Chairman to the design for a seal for the Asso- ciation, printed on the programme of the meeting, and on motion ol Mr. William W. Justice, duly seconded, the design was unanimously adopted as the seal of the Association. 1904 On Eebruary 12th, it was reported that the new seal of the Association, admirably designed by Charles E. Dana, \dce-President of the Association, had been adopted. On November 11th, notation was made of the generous bequest by the late President, Charles H. Howell, to the Association. At the Annual Meeting, December 16th, Henry K. Eox, Esq., seconded by Col. M. Richards Muckle, offered the following: “Whereas The Fairmount Park Art Association at its Annual Meet- ing held on the 24th of March, 1886, adopted the following preamble and resolutions: Whereas The Board of Trustees on the sixteenth day of December, A. D., 1874, established the Permanent Fund, by resolving in the words following: 1. That the Treasurer set apart Three thousand dollars of the funds of the Association as a foundation for a permanent fund. 2. That the Treasurer shall hereafter add to the said Permanent Fund all the sums of money hereafter received from life membership dues, to- gether with ten per centum of all dues received from annual members, and all special contributions, bequests, etc., except such as may hereafter be otherwise disposed of. .And Whereas It is desirable that the said Permanent Fund shall be by this Association declared inviolable: Therefore be it Resolved, 'I'hat the principal of the said Permanent Fund shall never be expended or reduced for any purpose whatever. Resolv'ed, That the interest of the said Permanent Fund shall not be expended for any purpose whatever and that it shall be accumulated and added to the fund and be made part of the principal hereof, until this .Association shall order it otherwise. 58 And Whereas It appears by the Treasurer’s report presented at this Anmial Meeting, that the Permanent Fund has reached a sum in excess of One hundred thousand dollars; And Whereas It is deemed advisable that the Permanent Fund shall be kept intact, but that the income arising from the Permanent P'und shall be expended for the purchase of works of art for the adornment of Fairmount Park and for such other purposes under the constitution of the Association, as the Board may approve; Now therefore be it Resolved By this Association, that the principal of the Permanent Fund shall never be expended for any purpose whatever, but that all sums of money hereafter received from life membership dues, ten per centum of all dues received from annual members and all special contributions, bequests, etc., unless otherwise specified, shall be added to the prin- cipal of the said Permanent Fund and that the same shall be kept inviolable. .And be it further Resolved By this .Association, that the Board of Trustees of the Fairmount Park .Art .Association be authorized to expend from time to time such sum or sums, that may hereafter accrue as interest or profit on the Permanent Fund of the Park Branch of this A,ssociation, for the pur- chase of works of art tor the adornment of Fairmount Park or for such other purposes under the constitution of the .Association, as the Board may approve.” In support of the resolution Mr. Fox said that it was offered with the feeling that its adoption would assure the permanency ot the .Associaton, and he believed that it would greatly strengthen it for service in the broader and higher held of usefulness in the community, to which, as noted in the report which had just been read, the Association was unmistakably called. 1905 The Sun-Dial and Marble Pedestal, presented to the City of Philadelphia through this Association by a member, who desired the gift to remain anonymous, was erected in the centre of the Sunken Garden in front of Horticultural Hall, in the West Park, in May. The dial is ol bronze, accurately calculated for the exact spot, in which it is placed, and shows the variations for each month of the year and the time at 12 o’clock in twelve principal cities of the world. I'he pedestal is the work of Alexander Stirling Calder, and the design includes the twelve signs of the zodiac and four supporting female figures, emblematic of the four seasons. 1906 On March 9th, the following resolution was adopted: “Whereas The Fairmount Park .Art .Association was founded in the 59 year 1871, at which time Henry K. Fox, Esq., was one of the original members, as also one of those signing articles of incorporation, continuing to be a member of the Board of Trustees to the present time, devoting to the Association his best efforts toward the development of its scope and usefulness, therefore be it Resolved, That on this approaching 35th Anniversary of its foun- dation the Board of Trustees of the Fairmount Park Art Association extends to Mr. Fox a message of congratulation, to which is added the earnest hope that he may always continue his interest in the work with which he has been so long identified, and be it further Resolved, By virtue of the privilege granted in the by-laws and in recognition of his continuous service to the Association, that the name of Henry K. Fox be added to the list of honorary members of the Fairmount Park Art Association.” On April 27th, the Committee appointed to revise the charter and by-laws made an elaborate report, the main feature being the extension of the work of the Association to cover the City of Philadelphia as well as the Park, which was formally adopted shortly thereafter. At the Annual Meeting, December 19th, the principal address of the evening was delivered by Frederick Crown in- shield, Esq., President of the Fine Arts Federation of New York, who took for his subject the place and function of a Municipal Art (lallery. The Hon. Samuel Gustine Thompson also spoke in the interest of the proposal to erect such a gal- lery in this city and the following representatives of art organizations of the city also spoke briefly to the same effect: Mr. John H. Converse, for the Pennsylvania .•\cademy of the Fine .Arts Prof. Herbert Everett, for the University of Pennsylvania Mr. Leslie W. Miller, for the Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art James Mac.Alister, LL.D., for the Drexel Institute Mr. Elliott Daingerfield, for the School of Design for Women Mr. James P. Jamieson, for the Philadelphia Chapter, .American Insti- tute of Architects Mr. Thomas K. Kellogg, for the T-Square Club Miss Florence W. Fulton, for the Plastic Club Mr. Ludwig E. Faber, for the Philadelphia Sketch Club On motion of James MacAlister, IX. I)., it was resolved that the Board of Trustees be instructed to prepare a memorial to be sent to the Mayor and Councils of the City in the interest of the proposed Municipal Art Ciallery. 1907 On January Ilth, a committee was appointed entitled “d'he Committee on a Municipal Art Gallery,” whose province 60 it W3S to urge upon the dry government and upon the public the importance or the movement idr a puhiio art gaileri' wo^y or' the cino This was the beginning or' the agitation, which will soon result in the realization or the ambitious plan^ for a structure, that will be a great credit t j Philadeiphia and attract a worid-waie attention, and tor which ruture generations will express gratirude to their predecessors, who had the courage and energy- to promote this work- On April 26th, the Boarn appointed a commission, con- sisring of Mr. C. C. Zantzinger, Prof. Paul P. Cret, ann Mr. Horace Trumbauer, to plan the development :: the entrance of the proposed Parkway into Fairmount Park. The Comm ission made a carerul study, presented its record, which was published, anc. from this incep-tion was devek^>ed the splendid plans now perfected under the care ot Mons. Greber, o: Pans, the toremist authority in decorative landscape pianning, so that at no distant date Philade’phia «dll have a Parkway of which it m^ay we'd be pncud. F cr fuh description see page 244. i 190S On November 13th, upon the death of the Association’s Treasurer, Mr. Paul, Mr. Justice was elected Treasurer and the Pennsylvania Company for Insurances cn Lives and Grant- ing Annuities was appointed tscal agent and ad b»>cks and papers, as wed as the securities beicnmi.ng to the Ass-ociadon, were transrerred to that company, which makes but a n iminai charge lor their care; its annual reports are models of clear- ness, and It renders sendees tha t could not possibly be given by any but a banking insdrution. C^ June 20th, the bnenze stame, “Cow-bov," bv Fred- erick Rem-mingtcn, was erected on the East River Drive near Girara Avenue Bndge on a narural rock: dne statue b un- conventional and smking and it is carried out »ddn a bold and conndent technique that comi>eis the heard u m - tX 1909 On January Sth, the B-iard adopted the fodewinz res:^ lution: “That the Board oi Trustees of the Fairmount Park Art Association desires to express in dne name of the entire membership or tins Associadon its sincere appreciadon oi a generous girt to the city by Joseph Wharton, Esq., of a tract or land in North Philadelphia suitable for a public park. We 61 regard this action of our distinguished fellow citizen as rep- resentative in the fullest sense of the best influences at work today for the civic development and of the best traditions of public spirited citizenship in Philadelphia.” Amended By-laws, prepared by a special committee, were submitted at the Annual Meeting on January 27th and were unanimously adopted. On February 19th, the Japanese Temple Gate, that had been erected in the West Park as a gift from John H. Converse and Samuel M. ^^auclain, was most attractively improved in its setting by the addition of a garden as an approach, con- structed by Japanese at that time in the United States, who were employed by^ the donors, John T. Morris and John H. Converse. This improvement was presented by' them to the Park Commission through this Association. (See page 168.) 1911 On January' 13th, attention was called to the gift of land near Fern Rock for park purposes by the heirs of the late Joseph Wharton, to be known as Fisher Park, in execution of ^^r. Wharton ’s offer made just before his death, and the Secretary was instructed to send a letter to the donors, Mrs. J. Bertram Lippincott, Mrs. Harrison S. Morris and Miss Mary H. Wharton, expressing the Board’s appreciation of this gift to the city'. On February 10th, Mr. Roland L. Taylor, a member of the Board, was named as Chairman of the Committee ap- pointed by' the Pennsy'lvania Bankers’ Association to erect a memorial to Robert Morris, the financier of the Revolution, whose ability at that critical period brought the country through its financial crisis with marked success. It later developed that the State of Pennsylvania had ap- pointed a Commission and made an appropriation of Twenty'- one thousand dollars for the same purpose. After some ne- gotiation Mr. Tay'lor’s committee from the Association as well as from the Bankers’ organization and the State repre- sentatives came together in a final adjustment and agreement to erect the statue on the steps of the United States Custom House on Chestnut Street between Fourth and Fifth Streets. The commission has been placed and will be carried out at an early date. On November 8th, announcement was made that the 62 monumental memorial bequest of Richard Smith, begun in 1897, had been completed and the following minute was made: “The Board of Trustees of the Fairmount Park Art Association has received from its committee on monumental memorial bequest of Richard Smith its report on the action taken at the meeting held June 4, 1912, and at this, the first stated meeting of this Board held since the date above noted, desires to extend to William P. Gest, Esq., \'ice-President of the Fidelity Trust Company, trustee, its very great apprecia- tion of his message of good will and courtesy and to give as- surance that this Board jointly with its committee has con- sidered it a great privilege and an honor to have been entrusted with the artistic interests associated with the various com- missions required for the completion of the memorial. Whilst much thought and energy were necessarily devoted through the series of years beginning with 1897 from the first invitation asking this Board of Trustees to take under its auspices this artistic work, which has been followed with conscientious care, the reward of the committee comes in this cordial ap- preciation and in the recognition of the admirable work in a completed memorial, which will be an additional mark of attraction in our city and will be notable both because of the cause that it serves to commemorate and as a fitting monu- ment to the generous donor, whose wishes have been so faithfully carried out by his executor and trustees.” The Annual Report, presented in January, 1911, notes: “Efficient service of a kind suggested by the enlarged purposes of its amended charter has been rendered during the year in the steps that have been taken to protect that birthplace of American liberty. Carpenters’ Hall. Through the active generous interest of two members of your Board, each of whom contributed liberally, a fund was raised by special subscriptions from the Carpenters’ Company, the Pennsylvania Society of Colonial Dames of x-\merica and a number of public spirited citizens and associations, sufficient to purchase an adjoining property and remove the building which occupied it, whose continuance would have been a perpetual menace to the safety of this historic building.” 1912 At the Annual Meeting on January 15th, Col. William C. Church of New York gave an address on John Ericsson, 63 the creator of the modern navy, illustrated with scenes from the life of Ericsson, showing some of the enterprises in which he was engaged. The address was listened to by a distinguished audience of ladies and gentlemen, members of the Association and their guests, as also by a delegation of enlisted men headed by prominent officers from the United States Navy Yard at League Island. The Annual Report, presented at this meeting, notes: “It is a source of much satisfaction to report that the Municipal Art Jury, whose appointment was authorized by an act of the State Legislature in 1907, was appointed by His Honor, Mayor Reyburn, November 9, 1911. The need of such a body has long been urged by your Board and it is be- lieved that its creation marks a most important stage in the development of the plans for a more beautiful city, which have come to occupy, in one form or another, so large a share of public attention.” The act creating the .Art jury, provides: “Hereafter no work ot art shall become the property of a city of the first class by purchase, gift or otherwise, unless such work of art or design for the same and the proposed location of such work of art shall first have been submitted to and approved by the art jury of said city; nor shall any work of art, until so approved, be erected or placed in or upon or allowed to extend over any building, highway, stream, lake, square, park or other public place belonging to or under the control of said city. The jury may, when it deems proper, also require a complete model of the proposed work of art to be submitted to it before taking final action thereon. The term ‘work of art,’ as used in this act, shall include all paintings, mural decorations, inscriptions, stained glass, statues, re- liefs, or other sculptures, monuments, fountains, arches or other structures, intended for ornament or commemoration. No existing work of art in the possession of the city shall be removed, relocated or altered in any way without the ap- proval of the jury.” The jury is also required to “make from time to time such recommendations for improvements to the city as it may deem advisable.” It is apparent, therefore, that an authoritative and responsible agency has been provided to exercise initiative, as well as oversight, in connection with a large and varied range of effort, on whose direction into proper 64 and profitable channels the art interests of the Philadelphia of the future will so largely depend. 1913 The report at the Annual Meeting in 1913 notes: “In connection with the improvement in the appearance of the bridges, that has been brought about by the censorship exerted by the Art Jury, it is a matter of sincere congratula- tion that the usefulness of this body, for the creation of which this Association is largely responsible, is recognized and wel- comed in increasing measure with each added year of its ex- istence and the service which it renders to the bureaus, cor- porations and firms, whose work it is its duty to supervise, is, in the vast majority of cases, accepted in a spirit of apprecia- tion for helpful suggestions rather than of impatience at re- quirements exacted. That the entrance to Lansdowne Drive will be under two spacious elliptical arches, instead of through four narrow tunnels; that such viaducts as those which carry the railroads across Girard Avenue, Broad Street, Spring Garden Street and many other thoroughfares, are dignified and handsome structures, instead of the unsightly rows of iron girders, which would have been accepted by an unques- tioning public as an inevitable infliction a few years ago; that crude schemes for new parks and boulevards have been re- studied and enormously improved before being carried out; and that even the long neglected Delaware water front has begun to receive the kind of treatment, to which, as the cen- tral feature of commercial activity in one of the great ports of the world, it is justly entitled, is due to the intelligent guid- ance and the tasteful supervision of the Art jury.” The Report for 1913 further notes: “By the will of Mrs. Ellen Phillips Samuel, a member of this Association, who was deeply interested in its work and desirous of extending its influence and who died October 1, 1913, the Association becomes the legatee to her entire residuary estate, which it is conservatively estimated, will amount to up- ward of Seven hundred and sixty-five thousand dollars (3765,- 000). On the death of her husband, J. Bunford Samuel, Esq., the bequest will become available for the following objects: ‘According to the Official Map issued by the Park Commission there is a space of two thousand (2000) feet commencing from the Beacon Eight or last boathouse to the Girard Avenue 65 Bridge. On the edge of this ground, bordered by the Schuyl- kill River, is a stone bulkhead. On top of this embankment it is my will to have erected at distances of one hundred (100) feet apart, on high granite pedestals of uniform shape and size, statuary emblematical of the History of America, rang- ing in time from the earliest settlers of America to the present era, arranged in chronological order, the earliest period at the south end and going on to the present time at the north eml; and, when all the statues are in place, the income to be spent in buying statuary and fountains to decorate the Park.’” d'his munificent becpiest, the largest probably that has ever been made for a similar purpose in America, is moreover to be augmented by the generosity of Mr. Samuel, who has expressed a desire to supplement the provisions of the will by himself beginning the work of erecting the memorial, which will therefore receive the benefit not only of his generous ad- dition to the funds available for this purpose, with the cor- responding saving of time, but of his advice and counsel in connection with the work of determining the character of the memorial and of beginning the actual work of construction. At the meeting of the Board, held on Xovember 14th, the following resolutions were adopted: “Resolved, That the Board of Trustees of the Fairmount Park Art Association has received with much satisfaction notice of the munificent bequest of Mrs. J. Bunford Samuel (F.llen Phillips Samuel), which will provide funds for a comprehensive and dignified treatment of a noble theme — the history of America, symbolized in a system of statuary in Fairmount Park — and which will ensure the continuance for all time on a generous scale of the influence of the Association in promoting the aims for which it exists. “Resolved, That the Board of Trustees gratefully accepts the bequest of Mrs. Samuel and will carry out, to the best of its ability, the wishes of the testatrix.” 1915 The Committee, appointed in January to consider plans for the Ellen Phillips Samuel Memorial, having considered this important undertaking, recommended the engagement of Messrs. Edgar V. Seeler, architect, and Charles (irafly, sculp- tor, to prepare designs for presentation. Upon approval of the recommendation by the Board, this was carried out and the plans with a relief model were shown at the Annual Meet- ing in January, 1916. 66 1916 I'he x^nnual Report for this year notes: “Manship’s F'ountain Statue, ‘The Duck-Girl,’ which had remained on exhibition at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts since its acquisition by this Association in 1914, was exhibited at the ‘Philadelphia To-day and To-morrow Civic Exposition’ in June and at the close of that exposition it was delivered to the Commissioners of Fairmount Park for erection in ‘Cloverly,’ Germantown, the statue itself, as well as plans for a suitable setting, which had been prepared for the Association by Mr. Edgar \k Seder, havang been accepted by the Commissioners, May 10, 1916. “An exhibit of nineteen large photographs of the more important art works erected by this Association was arranged at the ‘Philadelphia To-day and To-morrow Civic Exposition,’ where it attracted much favorable notice and bore eloquent testimony to the service rendered to the city by this Associa- tion during the forty-five years that it has been in existence. At the close of the exposition the collection, suitably framed and inscribed, was, at the request of the Board of Trustees of the Free Eibrary of Philadelphia, placed in the Eibrary build- ing for permanent exhibition.’’ 4'he three hundredth anniversary of Shakespeare’s death. May 12, 1916, which was made the occasion of very general commemorative observance throughout the English-speaking world, called renewed attention to the fact that Philadelphia is almost alone among the great cities of the world, which might most confidently be expected to possess a memorial to Shakespeare, in being without such a memorial, and at its regular meeting, held March 10th, the Board adopted a reso- lution, expressing its wish to co-operate with other agencies interested in the erection of such a memorial, and appointed a special committee to carry this resolution into effect. At the next meeting, April 14th, on the recommendation of this committee the Board adopted the following resolutions: “Resolved, That the Fairmount Park Art Association appropriate the sum of 310,000 out of the General Fund (Park Branch) toward the cost of the erection in Philadelphia under the auspices of the Association, in conjunction with the General Committee on the Shakespeare Ter- centenary Celebration, of a permanent memorial to Shakespeare, embody- ing a suitable recognition of the work of the late Dr. Horace Howard Fur- ness and the Shakespearean traditions of Philadelphia, upon condition that an equal sum of 310,000 is secured by general subscription within three months. 67 Resolved, That your Committee be authorized to co-operate with a committee, to be appointed by the General Committee on the Celebration, in collecting subscriptions for the purpose and, upon the full amount mentioned being secured, to report to the Board their recommendations as to a site and the best method of procuring a suitable design for the Memorial.” In pursuance of this action an appeal was issued on May 1st, in the form of a personal letter from Hon. James M. Beck, who has from the first been earnestly active in advocating the erection of a memorial to Shakespeare along the lines and in the spirit expressed by the foregoing resolutions; which letter was supplemented by Mr. Beck in an address, which he de- livered at the Shakespeare Festival in the Academy of Music on May 12th. The result of this appeal was so prompt and re-assuring, that at a special meeting, called for the purpose on June 9th, the Board assumed the responsibility of making up any shortage that might appear after all available sub- scriptions toward the 320,000 for the memorial had been secured, x^t the next meeting of the Board, on November 10th, the Secretary was able to report that subscriptions amounting to 3S,170 had been received, which amount was, within a few days thereafter, all paid in and added to the Association’s fund available for the memorial. As appears from the foregoing statement, the development of the idea, which the memorial is to represent, and the de- termination of the character, which any sculptural or archi- tectural construction should assume, are matters regarding which the ^Association desires the co-operation of the Shakes- peare Tercentenary Committee, a special committee of which has been appointed for this purpose. The form which the memorial should assume and its definite location are subjects, which are at this moment receiving earnest consideration at the hands of the joint committee. The nucleus of a fund to provide for a memorial to the flying men of Pennsylvania, who fell in the war, has been created by a gift for this purpose, which was made to the ^Association in September by the xAero Club of Pennsylvania. The letter from the Club announcing this action is as follows: “Aero Club of Pennsylvania. September 2g, igip. Fairmount Park Art Association, Mr. Leslie \V. Miller, Secretary, Philadelphia. My dear Mr. Miller: At the last meeting of the Aero Club of Pennsylvania, held 68 Friday evening, September 21st, the following motion was passed unanimously — That the Aero Club of Pennsylvania will start a fund for a ‘Monumental Memorial’ to the flying men of Pennsyl- vania, who fell in the ‘Great War for Human Liberty.’ That the Trustees of this fund shall be the Fairmount Park Art Association and that said Association shall have full power to determine the kind and style of memorial and the time of its dedication and its location, either in the city of Philadelphia or Fairmount Park The Aero Club of Pennsylvania, having a large part of its membership in the service of the Flying Arm of the Navy and Army and Marine Corps, as well as Foreign E^squadrilles, encloses herewith a check to the order of the Fairmount Park Art Associa- tion for }?1(X) to start this fund. Yours very truly, Joseph A. Steinmetz, President.” At the regular monthly meeting of the Board, held on November 9th, this offer was accepted by the adoption of the following resolutions: “Resolved, That the Board of Trustees of the Fairmount Park Art Association desires to convey to the .*\ero Club of Pennsylvania its appre- ciation of the patriotic sentiment shown in the establishment of a fund for the erection of a Monumental memorial to the flying men of Pennsylvania, who fell in the great war for human liberty, and be it further “Resolved, On behalf of this Association, that the Board of 'I’rustees accepts the Trusteeship of this fund, in accordance with the request ot the Aero Club of Pennsylvania, with appreciation of the honor, which that request implies, and pledges its cordial co-operation in this enterprise.” 1918 At the Annual Meeting, held on January 30, 1918, the following resolution, which was offered by Kir. Charles L. Borie, Jr., was unanimously adopted: “Whereas The E'airmount Park Art Association presented at its 36th Annual Meeting, held December 12, 1907, ‘A Report of the Com- mission employed by them to study the Entrance of the Philadelphia Parkway into Fairmount Park,’ devoted that meeting to a full discussion of the subject and adequately published the result in illustrated pamphlet form; Resolved, That this Association request the Trustees to publish, in suitable form, the result of the studies made for the Fairmount Park Commission by Mr. Jacques Greber, embodying the development of this project, inaugurated by this Association.” A recess was then taken, during which Mr. Joseph A. Steinmetz, President of the Aero Club of Pennsylvania, de- livered an illustrated address on “The Aeroplane in War.” 69 At the close of the address by Mr. Steinmetz, the meeting was reconvened and was addressed by Mr. Joseph Widener on the nature and extent of the work that had recently been done in developing the studies for the Parkway, the river embank- ments and city squares, with their connecting tree-lined road- ways, which were made and published under the auspices of this Association in 1907. This more recent work, which em- braced an exhaustive study in detail of the landscape archi- tecture of the whole comprehensive scheme, as well as sug- gestions for the architectural development of the Parkway, had been done for the Commissioners of Fairmount Park by the distinguished landscape architect, Mr. Jacques Greber, whose designs were publicly exhibited for the first time at this meeting. 1919 At the Annual Meeting, held on January 16th, Albert Kelsey, the distinguished architect, gave an admirable ad- dress on “Memorials,” illustrated with views of celebrated structures, that had been erected to commemorate important events, and expressed the hope that America would use judg- ment and discrimination in the selection of designs for honor- ing the heroes of the late Great Whir in F.urope. At the same meeting the following resolution, which was offered by Mr. Andrew \\'right Crawford, was unanimously adopted: “Whereas The Fairmount Park Art Association was one of the originators of the movement, that resulted in the formation of the Art Jury as one of the Departments of the City of Philadelphia; and thereafter the Department of the Art Commission of the City of Pittsburgh was also created and a similar department was authorized for the City ('f Scranton; and Whereas In Massachusetts there is, in addition to the Art Com- mission of the City of Boston, the Massachusetts State Art Commission and in New York State a State Art Commission is under consideration, to be in addition to the Art Commissions of the cities of New York and Rochester; and Whereas The deluge of war memorials threatens to reproduce some of the horrors of the Civil War in the form of cemetery designs and stone- clippers conceptions, unless prevented by governmental authority in all the cities of the third class and in the townships and counties of the state of Pennsylvania; Therefore be it Resolved, That the Fairmount Park Art Association, in annual meeting assembled, enthusiastically endorses the recommendation made by Governor Sproul that a State Art Commission be authorized and ap- pointed, to have jurisdiction throughout the State, excepting in cities of the first and second classes.” 70 By Act of May 1st, 1919, the State Art Commission was established. At the same meeting the following resolution, also offered by Mr. Crawford, was unanimously adopted: “Whereas The Fairmount Park Art Association has for a number of years consistently urged the improvement of the banks of the Schuylkill as a most pressing public object and such embankments, as those of the Seine in Paris, are, in reality, vast works in sculpture; and W HEREAS No finer memorial to the men from Philadelphia, who fought for the freedom of the world, could be devised than a magnificent, open, free, central improvement along both banks of the Schuylkill from Fairmount Park southward, including a new bridge at about Vine street, and Whereas The construction of the ‘Schuylkill Embankments’ would present many opportunities for monuments to individuals among both the American and the other Allied forces and, in addition, the work would offer opportunity for employment to returning soldiers, sailors and marines; Therefore be it Resolved, By- the Fairmount Park Art Association, in annual meet- ing assembled, that the public authorities of Philadelphia be urged to undertake the reclamation and improvement of a section of the Banks of the Schuylkill and the construction of a new bridge at Vine Street as the War Memorial of the City of Philadelphia.” Immediately following the amendment to its Charter in 1906, under which the Association was empowered to “Pro- mote and foster the beautiful in the City of Philadelphia in its architecture, improvements and general plan,” the study of the larger problem of the development of the city beautiful presented itself. When the Fairmount Parkway to connect the park with the centre of the city was assured, the project of a Vlunicipal Art (lallery was earnestly discussed and the site of the former water reservoir was tentatively suggested for the latter. In April, 1907, the trustees appointed a commission of experts to prepare a comprehensive scheme and after carelul consideration a report was made in December of the same year, outlining the plans and purposes associated with a broad avenue leading to the park. The report was voluminous, was accompanied by maps and, after meeting with the approval of the Association, was presented to the Commissioners of F'airmount Park and to the City of Philadelphia, finally to be used as the basis for that great development, which will render our city one of the most attractive communities in the United States. This commission consisted of Paul P. Cret, Horace Trum- bauer and C. C. Zantzinger, Chairman, all eminent in their 71 profession, and their good work was supplemented at a recent date by that of Jacques Greber, of Paris, whose final plans are now in course of development. As these plans mature and the splendid avenue with its Municipal Art Gallery at the western end appears, the service rendered by this Association in the fostering and promotion of this enterprise will be better understood and appreciated by the community as an action, for which after generations will be forever grateful. 1920 The report submitted at the Annual Meeting on January 15, 1920, notes: “The Fairmount Parkway, an epoch-making improve- ment, by far the most important work of the kind ever under- taken by any American city, is practically completed in accordance with the plans prepared by this Association and accepted by the City in 1909, completed, that is to say, so far as the roadway is concerned, while the work of embellishment, whether by planting or by the erection of such monumental and other structures, as are essential to the realization of the project as a whole, is proceeding as rapidly as could reasonably be expected, when due allowance is made for the interruption caused by the war. “The feature of the Association’s plan, that consists in the grouping of the art institutions of the city around the great plaza at the upper end of the Parkw^ay, has received the cordial approval of the authorities and definite assignments of spacious sites for the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, the Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art, the Free Public library and the Municipal Court have already been made, while the work of erecting the central and crown- ing feature of this whole project, the superb Municipal Art Museum, on the site of the old reservoir on Fairmount itself is actively progressing. “The character of this museum will set a very high standard for the civic improvements, of which it will be the dominating feature, and the influence for good, which it will exert in elevating the city’s ideals and broadening its vision of the things that ought to be, is incalculable.’’ The report continues: “In accordance with the generous offer of Mr. J. Bunford Samuel to anticipate the provisions of Mrs. Samuel’s will by 72 erecting himself the first of the series of statues emblematic of the history of America, which is to constitute the principal feature of the memorial, the statue of Thorfinn Karlsefni, the commission for which was awarded to the Icelandic sculptor, Einar Jonsson, has been completed and, having been approved by the Art Jury, has been erected in bronze. The statue is a noble and vigorous embodiment of the spirit of the Norsemen, with whose adventures American history begins, and sets a high standard for the series, of which it is the leader. The city is to be congratulated on the auspicious beginning of a magnificent scheme of civic embellishment signalized by the erection of this impressive statue, whose generous donor has moreover by his public spirited action indicated the kind of service, which art and art alone has it in its power to render in the perpetuation of the memories, on the preserv'ation of which the higher life of communities so largely depends.” 1921 I'he report submitted at the Annual Meeting on January 13, 1921, called attention to the approaching Fiftieth Anni- versary of the founding of the Association and a special com- mittee was authorized to prepare plans for a suitable celebra- tion of this important event. At this meeting Professor Paul P. Cret presented a tentative plan demonstrating the av^aila- bility of the Parkway and Schuylkill banks for the Sesqui- Centennial Exhibition of 1926; our fellow member and trustee, Andrew Wright Crawford, Esq., followed with an illustrated address indicating many permanent public im- provements that would be secured by the adoption of these plans. The report further noted: “In the midst of pleasurable happenings and in congrat- ulations over the success attending the growth of the Associ- ation there is one event that has cast a shadow, the effect of which will last for a long period. In April of 1920, Leslie W. Miller resigned as a member of the Board of Trustees and as Secretary, thus severing relations that have continued for many years.” The Board adopted a minute* which later was incorporated in a booklet artistically ornamented in Renais- sance design and forwarded to Dr. Miller in his New England home. This action was unanimously approved and hearty •See page 124. 73 good wishes of the Association in annual meeting assembled were sent to Dr. Miller. Joseph A. Steinmetz and the Hon. James M. Beck ad- dressed the meeting, endorsing enthusiastically the proposi- tion for a World Fair in Philadelphia in 1926 and showing the splendid advantages from every point of view in the selection of the Parkway and the banks of the Schuylkill for the site. A further note was made of the completion and erection of the statue of Thorhnn Karlsefni, the generous gift by J. Bunford Samuel, Esq., thus anticipating the initiation of his wife’s munificent bequest. The endeavors and accomplishments of the Fairmount Park Art Association in its first fifty years, thus recorded, mark, it is hoped, but the beginning of its career. 74 LIST OF OFFICERS FROM THE ORGANIZATION OF THE ASSOCIATION PRESIDENTS Anthony J. Drexel John H. Converse Charles H. Howell James M. Beck F^dward T. Stotesbury Charles J. Cohen VICE-PRESIDENTS H. CoRBiT Ogden Charles H. Rogers Joel J. Baily Alexander Brown George B. Roberts Charles C. Harrison F rank Thomson William W. Justice F'erdinand j. Dreer Charles E. Dana F.dgar V. Seeler John T. Morris John H. Converse Charles J. Cohen FI. Burgess Warren James M. Beck Henry K. Fox 'FREASURERS James L. Claghorn Thomas Hockley Henry K. F"ox James W. Paul, Jr William W. Justice John W. Pepper W. Hinckle Smith SECRETARIES John Bellangee Cox John B. Robinson Charles H. Howell Leslie W. Miller Roland L. Taylor TRUSTEES Joel J. Baily Wescott Bailey Joseph William Bates James M. Beck Chapman Biddle F'rederick Meade Bissell Charles L. Borie, Jr Archibald Campbell James L. Claghorn J. Raymond Claghorn Charles J. Cohen John H. Converse 1871-1893 1894 - 1900 ; 1904-1909 1900-1902 1903-1904 1909-1916 1916 - 1871-1876 1876-1886 1886 - 1903 1887 - 1893 1887-1898 1894-1907 1898 - 1899 1899 - 1900 1900 - 1902 1900-1914 1904-1909 1909-1915 1909-1910 1912-1916 1916-1917 1916 - 1916 - 1871-1885 1885-1892 1892-1899 1899-1908 1909-1914 1915-1918 1919 - 1871 - 1875 ; 1877-1887 1875-1877 1887-1900 1900-1920 1920 - 1875-1903 1895-1900 1884-1885 1902 - 1872-1880 1871-1874 1907 - 1871-1876 1871-1884 1887-1892 1877 - 1893-1910 75 John Bellangee Cox Andrew Wright Crawford Charles E. Dana Thomas Dolan Thomas J. Dolan Ferdinand J. Dreer Anthony J. Drexel George W. Elkins Henry K. Fox William D. Gemmill Henry C. Gibson Lincoln Godfrey Frederick Graff Charles J. Harrah George L. Harrison, Jr A. G. Hetherington Thomas Hockley Wi LLIAM |. HoRSTMANN Charles H. Howeli W iLLiAM W. Justice Albert Kelsey W ALTER LiHFINCOTT J. Franklin McFadden.. John 1). McIlhenny James MacAllister Leslie W. Miller Joseph Moore, Jr John 'F. Morris George W. Norris H. CoRBiT Ogden J. Rodman Paul James W. Paul, Jr John Worrell Pepper Henry Pettit Eli Kirk Price John B. Robinson Charles H. Rogers John Sartain Edgar V. Seeler Frederick R. Shelton D. C. Wharton Smith Joseph Frailey Smith W. Hinckle Smith Joseph Allison Steinmetz E. T. Stotesbury William Struthers, Jr Roland L. Taylor Edward H. Trotter E. Burgess Warren George S. Webster Cornelius N. Weygandt Samuel S. White Joseph Widener COUNSEL J. Sergeant Price James M. Beck D. Stuart Robinson 1871-1887 1903- 1909-1914 1871-1897 1897-1905 1889-1898 1871-1893 1914-1917 1871- 1875-1875 1871-1875 1885-1888 1888-1889 1880-1888 1918-1919 1888-1921 1880-1892 1871-1871 1871-1902 1889-1897; 1900-1914 1909- 1871-1883 1918- 1918- 1897-1913 1895-1920 1876-1887 1885-1915 1915-1917 1871-1879 1920- 1897-1908 1905-1918 1887-1888 1914- 1875-1877 1872-1884 1893-1897 1909- 1881-1894 1884-1886 1871-1874 1919- 1901- 1909-1915 1876-1883 1911- 1871-1871 1890-1917 1916- 1889-1907 1871-1879 1916- 1893-1897 1897- 1907-1921 76 A BRIEF ACCOUNT of the FOUNDERS and CERTAIN OTHERS by CHARI.es |. COHEN President COLONEL CHARLES H. HOWELL Founder of the Fairmount Park Art Association in 1871 President, 1900-1902 78 CHARLES H. HOWKI.L Founder and Member of the First Board of 'Frustees President of this Association, dietl on |une 18, 1902, He was horn in Philadelphia on h'ehruary 10, 1848, his father being Henry C. Howell. h'rom early manhood he was prominently identified with various State military organizations. He was for man\’ years an active member of the First City Troop and was an Honor- ary member of that body at the time of his death. He served as lieutenant colonel on the staff of (iovernor Hastings and as division quarter-master on the staff of (leneral Snowden. A man of great public spirit, he took a prominent part in the affairs of many philanthropic societies and associations. During the Spanish-American War he was president of the Philadelphia Red Cross and he held this office at the time of his death. He was also vice-president of the Philadelphia Lying-in Charity, and treasurer of the Mercantile Beneficial Association. He was an active friend of, and a generous con- tributor to, many charities. The following clubs and societies numbered him among their members: 4'he Union I.eague, the Art Club, the Country Club, the Bachelors’ Barge Club, the State in Schuylkill and the Sons of the Revolution. Of the Fairmount Park Art Association he was practically the founder and its leading spirit for many years, A charter member, he served on the Board of dVustees from its inception, as secretary from 1886 to 1900 and as president from 1900 to the time of his death. He is survived by his widow, who was Miss Annie M. Fitler, daughter of the late Edwin H. Fitler, Mayor of Phila- delphia, and by three daughters and one son. At the thirty-first Annual Meeting held December 18, 1902, Mr, Charles J. Cohen spoke as follows: Mr. Chairman: — “The privilege of a few minutes is asked in which to speak of the personality of the late Colonel Charles H. Howell, founder of this Association and its President at the time of his demise. “Five and twenty years ago, walking down Chestnut Street one winter morning, a sign in the front of Earle’s pic- ture gallery attracted my attention. It read somewhat in 79 this fashion: ‘On exhibition — photographs of the Dying Lioness, a bronze work recently acquired by the Fairmount Park Art Association; those interested in adorning Fairmount Park with statuary are invited to become members of the association.’ “Interested in art and believing civic adornment to be a most meritorious virtue, I entered, admired and became a member. Some time later, as a member of the Board of Trustees, 1 became acquainted with Charles H. Howell and soon learned to regard him with feelings of the greatest esteem, as well as admiration for his excellent qualities and notably his devotion to the work of this Association. He has often told me of the inspiration that came to him in 1871 and how he called upon a few men in Philadelphia, noted for their public spirit, their interest in art and their willingness to aid in what we now term making a ‘City Beautiful.’ The late Anthony J. Drexel consented to serve as President, giving it all the power of his name and character until his death, it being one of the very few Associations over which he consented to preside. “It is most interesting to turn the pages of the earlier reports, looking at the extremely small sums of money that were obtained, watching the very slow growth of the special funds for the Meade, Garfield and Grant Memorials, all of which, happily. Colonel Howell lived to see realized in a most admirable and artistic manner, and particularly does the thought often come to my mind of the periods of depression, through which he passed, when the development of the Associ- ation seemed to stand still, and when the paucity of numbers at meetings, both of the Board of Trustees and at the annual gatherings of the Association itself, was a most discouraging feature. But the sturdy sense of responsibility and the latent feeling that the community would at some time either far or near understand and be willing to develop and support the ideals, for which the Association has always stood, were the mainstays that carried him through all these trials. I can speak of these things, because they are now ol the past, but they were serious when they happened, and we cannot be too grateful or too appreciative of the character that will be willing at great personal sacrifice to withstand the pressure for abandonment that has many times ov^erturned enterprises of a like nature. It was always Colonel Howell’s endeavor to interest intelligent and art-loving citizens and to give them 80 part of his enthusiasm in the development of the adornment at the park and city; and he was always willing to have others receive any honor or praise to he given while he would accom- plish the necessary work. “The conception of the Permanent Fund was put in shape as early as 1874, to he followed hy the creation of the Per- petual Memberships in 1895. Both of these originated with Colonel Howell and were watched hy him with a fatherly care, and nearly all of the Perpetual Mem herships were obtained through his personal intercession. “4'he last definite act was during the autumn of last year, when I accompanied him to the foundry in Philadelphia to examine the full-sized statue in plaster which had been com- pleted hy the sculptor for the Monumental Memorial, now in course of erection in West Fairmount Park. The last time 1 grasped his hand was during the winter of the present year, when he was lying on a bed of sickness, hut with a cheerful, bright and clear mind he showed an eager desire to know of the progress and welfare of the Association which we had both served from early manhood. In leaving I used the ex- pression ‘Ciood-bye,’ my usual form of salutation, but it seemed to impress him differently, and at his earnest solici- tation I withdrew it, substituting the formal au revoiVy but I was not to see him again. “But 1 would remind you that the loving and admiring friends of Charles H. Howell did not wait until he was gone from among them to note his worth. On the occasion of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the incorporation of the Society, a number of us gathered together and marked the occasion by the adoption of suitable resolutions, which were engrossed and presented to him, by the placing of his name on the honorary roll of membership, and by the presentation of a silver loving cup, which meant far more in the minds and hearts of those associated with the occasion, than they could express. With the growth of our community and the occasion for the larger amount of work to be accomplished in each man’s life, this appreciation of men’s deeds, whilst they are still with us, is not amiss. We are no less cognizant of the aid and support given by that gracious woman, his partner in life, to these undertakings. To her and her honored father, the late Edwin H. Fitler, we know we are deeply indebted for many successes, instigated and suggested by Colonel Howell, seconded and carried out by them.’’ FRKDERICK MEADE BISSELL Founder and member of the first Board of Trustees 82 FRKDERICK MKADK BISSKT.L Founder and Member of the First Board of Trustees Frederick Meade Bissell was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, December 5, 1842, and made his home in Philadelphia in early youth. His education was obtained at the F.piscopal Academy and later at the University of Pennsylvania, from which he was graduated in 1861 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Mr. Bissell was the son of Israel Morey Bissell and Augusta Turner Meade and the great-great-grandson of (leneral Israel Morey, who commanded a division of New England Troops during the War of the Revolution. He was a member of the Sons of the Revolution; His- torical Society of Pennsylvania; University Club; German- town Cricket Club (Secretary 1879-1891) and Secretary of the International Cricket Committee 1883-1891; he served in the first regiment Gray Reserves National Guard of IVnn- sylvania during the Civil War 1862-1863. In 1870 Mr. Bissell married Sarah Corbit Perot, daughter of Klliston Perot and Caroline R. Corbit. Mrs. Bissell lives at Atlantic City; their son, Elliston Perot Bissell, an architect, born in 1872, lives in Germantown and in 1901 married x^nna Randolph Wurts, daughter of Charles Stewart Wurts. Mr. Bissell was associated for some years with the Penn- sylvania Railroad executive offices; he died in Germantown, January 10, 1908. 83 ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL Founder and member of the First Board of Trustees 84 ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL Founder and Member ot the First Board of Trustees Archibald Campbell was born in Quilly, County Down, Ireland, December 31, 1824, and came to this country in 1844, when a youth poor and friendless. His first employment was with David Milne as a designer of' patterns, then with James C. Kempton at Manayunk, and on the latter’s retirement in 1850 he rented a room and with three associates — mill hands — began weaving and in a few years had erected a series of mill buildings and had become the largest and most important manufacturer of his special character of goods in this section of the country. His mansion on School Lane, Germantown, was situated in a tract of 60 acres well laid out and decorated and in his home was one of the finest libraries of the day. He possessed some excellent pictures. He was a director of the Commercial National Bank from 1866 and was a generous donor to the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. Mr. Campbell died October 23, 1874, and has been de- scribed by his friends as a natural born leader of men; always bright, never despondent; and his associates would remark that “they always felt safe when Campbell was about, since it was evident that affairs must go right.’’ He is described as dearly loving woods and fields and he would seize every opportunity to spend a day in the country, when business cares and anxieties were banished and he would enter joyously into the pastimes of the occasion. 85 JAMES L. CLAGHORN Founder and member of the first Board of Trustees Treasurer 1871-188S 86 JAMES LAWRENCE CI>AGHORN Founder and Member of the First Board of Trustees James L. Claghorn was born in Philadelphia July 5, 1817, and died x^ugust 25, 1884. The Claghorn family goes back to its register at the Lyon office in Edinburgh where the Cleggorne arms were entered in 1630. The name is of Celtic origin and is of great antiquity. The first record in this country is of James Claghorn, living in Yarmouth, Massachusetts, in 1654, when he was active in suppressing the Indian Revolt called King Philip’s War. . . ‘ . Then in a succeeding generation a Claghorn was a soldier in theLouisburg Expedition of 1745. Three of his descendants were in the Revolutionary War. Colonel James Claghorn continued the military record of the family, and one of his grandsons was Benjamin Alvord, Major (leneral U. S. A. Col. Claghorn was in the regiment known as “Green Mountain Boys,” and took part in the capture of Ticonderoga. Col. George Claghorn, 1797, was the head of Hart’s ship- yard at Boston where the Constitution was launched. John William Claghorn, the father of the subject of our sketch, was born in Massachusetts, 1789; he came to Phila- delphia in 1810 and was a communicant at xSt. Andrew’s Church. In 1814, returning to Boston, he enlisted in Col. Binney’s regiment. Coming back to Philadelphia, he became a member of the auction house of Myers, Claghorn & Co., a director of the Philadelphia and of the Girard National Banks. He helped to organize and was the first \’ice-President,^ later Treasurer, of the Northern Home for Friendless Children. At the age of fourteen, James Lawrence Claghorn left school and went to work in earnest. For it was an auction store that he entered, and the work there was usually harder than in other places, the hours being longer — earlier and later — and the holidays rarer than in ordinary commercial houses. Recognizing that his education was incomplete with the end of his school life, he gave much of his leisure to self-im- 87 provement; his evenings, when not spent in the counting- house, were devoted to reading, and the hooks that he read were such as to give instruction and to gratify an inherent taste for art and literature of an elevating character, resulting in the development of his taste for art, evidenced in the collec- tion, as his means would permit, of engravings and pictures such as would cultivate his taste in that direction. When he could spare the money he would buy an engraving, if the subject or author interested him; so that he became, in the latter part of his life, the owner of one of the largest collections of engravings in the country. A noted patron of art, he was desirous of encouraging native talent, so that at one period he had more than two hundred paintings, the work of American artists. Many pictures he bought to help the artist, rather than for his own gratification as a collector. Later on in life, he became deeply interested in the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, which was then on Chestnut Street above Tenth. Subsequently he became its President and, largely through his influence and his personal means, the present structure at the south-west corner of Broad and Cherry Streets was erected. Mr. Claghorn was also largely instrumental in securing the erection of the Academy of Music at Broad and Locust Streets. In middle life he became a member of the firm and took his father’s place. So he passed the best years of his life in earnest attention to business, seizing moments of leisure for the gratification of his love for art, until the time came, when, having acquired a competency, he determined to retire from business and con- templated a visit to Europe. \N’hile he was making arrange- ments for a holiday of great enjoyment, the country became involved in the Great Rebellion of 1861-65. Full of love for his country and unwilling to act in a way that might seem a desertion in her time of trial, Mr. Claghorn gave up his con- templated foreign tour and applied himself diligently and earnestly to the duties of a true, loyal citizen in the support of the government. He was one of the earliest members of The Union League and was interested in collecting money for the raising and equipment of regiments to be sent to the front. After the war he visited England, Scotland, Ireland, France, Switzerland, Spain, Italy, Egypt, Palestine, Turkey, Greece, Austria, Russia, Germany, Holland and Belgium, Shortly after his return to Philadelphia, he became the 88 President of the Commercial National Bank. F'or several years previously he had been a Director of the Philadelphia National Rank (as his lather had been before him), so that he had proper training lor the duties of his new position. He became also a manager in the Philadelphia Saving Fund Society, the oldest and the largest saving fund in the city. \\'ith most commendable diligence and industry he at once set about building up the bank so as to make it profitable to its stockholders. Not forgetting, however, the attractions of art, he covered the walls of his bank parlor with beautiful speci- mens of the choicest engravings, so that even the daily routine of business life might be enlivened by glimpses into the attrac- tive world of art. In the vear 1869, when the Board of Citv Trusts was created by act of the Legislature (to which board is committed the vast estate left by Stephen Girard, as well as the other trusts ol the City of Philadelphia), Mr. Claghorn was ap- pointed one of the original board of twelve, and from that date until his death he gave much time and thought to the duties thus devolved upon him. He became Chairman of the finance committee, which place he held until the end of his life. 89 JOHN BELLANGEE COX Founder and Member of the First Board of Trustees Secretary 1871 to 1874, 1877 to 1887 90 JOHN BKI.LANGEE COX Eoiinder and Member of the Eirst Board ot trustees John Bellangee Cox was born in Germantown, Philadel- phia, September, 1839, and died in Philadelphia January 3, 1888. His ancestors on both sides were people of distinction. Ive De Bellangee came over in the ship “Harp” with the French Protestants about 1780, the ship having sailed from London and put in first at Barnegat, N. J., finally reaching Philadelphia. Although a Calvinist he joined the Society of Friends and was married in Philadelphia by Friends’ ceremony in 1697 to Christine De la Plaine. Among the witnesses to the wedding was F. D. Pastorius, the founder of Germantown. I'hrough the generations the family became allied with the Stocktons on the one side and on the other in later years with S. S. Cox, of Ohio. On the wall of Christ Church in Phila- delphia there is a tablet erected by William Cox to the memory of his brother, John Cox, who was drowned in the Delaware River in 1713. d'he Stocktons were descended from Richard Stockton, the signer of the Declaration of Independence. John Bellangee Cox was a graduate of I.afayette College and, shortly after his admittance to the Philadelphia Bar, took a position as Secretary and Treasurer of the United Security Life Insurance and Trust Company, then situated at Tenth and Chestnut Streets. On the organization of the Fair- mount Park Art Association he became a member of the first Board of Trustees and its secretary, and much of its early development was left to him, since he was well fitted for the undertaking of work of that character. He served as secretary from 1871 to 1886 with an interruption of three years, when the position was occupied by John B. Robinson. Mr. Cox’s death was sudden. He was seized with a heart attack whilst at the morning meal, expiring instantly. His interest in the Association from the beginning was pronounced and undoubtedly much of its subsequent success was due to his clear and strong personality. 91 THOMAS DOLAN Founder and Member of the First Board of Trustees 92 THOMAS DO I. AN Founder and Member of the First Board of Trustees Thomas Dolan was born in Montgomery County, Penn- sylvania, October 27, 1834. Educated in the Public School, his first entrance into a business career was at the age of fifteen, when he took a posi- tion in a retail dry-goods store, which he retained until 1856. He then joined a firm of importers of English hosiery which gave him the incentive to produce similar goods in this country, so that in the early sixties he equipped a mill in the manu- facturing district of the city and in a few years, by industry and a keen knowledge of the public requirements in all classes of soft materials, he became a leader in that kind of goods. Having acquired a large fortune, he retired from business, directing his attention to public utilities, which were then beginning to be of tlecided importance. Mr. Dolan organized the Brush Electric Company, both here and in New ^'ork and in Baltimore, and in 1892 accepted the Presidency of the United (Eis Improvement Company, bringing that organization to a high state of efiiciency, main- tained throughout his connection with the Company until his withdrawal March 16, 1912. A staunch Republican in politics, he was one of the first members of The Union League and its \'ice-President for several years. He took an active part in supporting all movements looking to a high protective tariff, claiming that this was essential to overcome the great difference in the rate of wages between foreign and American work people. Mr. Dolan was a director of the Fidelity Trust Company, the Finance Company of Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia Electric Company, and a trustee of the School of Industrial Art. Notwithstanding all these activities, he was a lover of literature and had a splendid library in his home at Torres- dale on the Delaware. Mr. Dolan died June 12, 1914. 93 ANTHONY J. DREXFX First President, 1871-1893 94 ANTHONY JOSEPH DREXEL Pounder and Member of the First Board of Trustees Anthony Joseph Drexel, the second son of Francis Martin Drexel, was born in Philadelphia September 13, 1826. His business career was begun at the age of thirteen in the bank- ing house ol his father and with the parent Drexel firm in Philadelphia his whole active life was identified. After the father’s death in 1863, Anthony J. with his brother, Francis A., continued the business, later being joined by the third brother, Joseph \V. d’he Paris house, Drexel, Harjes & Company, was established in 1867 and the New York house, Drexel, Morgan & Company, in 1871. The death of Francis A. Drexel in 1885 left Anthony in exclusive direction of the original concern in Philadelphia. It was essentially due to him that the world-wide extension of the Drexel interests was attained; the history of the banking business, of which he was the head, was the history of his life. d'he distinguishing aspect of the business of the Drexels was the volume of their resources and their constant utilization for purposes of a public or semi-public nature. In each of the several departments of national, state and municipal loans and financial services to railway and similar great corporations, the Drexel transactions have aggregated many hundreds of millions of dollars. An adequate review of the life of Anthony Joseph Drexel must involve a just appreciation of the character of the man in the aspect of the commanding power which he exercised. The following is taken from a memorial address by Bishop Potter: “Mr. Drexel was distinguished above all by a moral nobleness in business, a kind of financial statesmanship, touched with the finest sensibility and lifted to the most exalted conception of great responsibility and opportunities. There is no test of character at once so searching and so final, as the possession, in whatever kind, of great power. He was a man who, holding a great power, wielded it for the greatest good; who held up the weak, sustained the public credit, befriended tottering fortunes and enterprises, put life beneath the very ribs of death and set the corpse upon its feet again, 95 and all this in a fashion of such modest and unobtrusive naturalness, that we who saw him or knew of his doings nev'er saw how great they were until he himself was taken away and we beheld them in their true light. Every honest enterprise was stronger, because it knew it could count upon his sympathy. Every equivocal and dubious enterprise of shrewd and un- scrupulous men was weaker, because it was known that they would have to reckon with his unbending honesty and his uncompromising equity. Knaves dreaded his searching eye and knavish undertakings were the weaker, because he liv'ed to detect and designate them. This was his moral power and men felt it everywhere and with unceasing force ail the way to the end.” In his private beneficences Mr. Drexel was one of the most liberal men of his time, his aid being extended to churches of all denominations and to every hospital, dispensary, home and benevolent organization in Philadelphia, as well as to countless individuals. He was one of the earliest and most generous contributors to the Univ^ersity of Pennsylv’ania in its recent development. In conjunction with his friend, George W. Childs, he established the Childs-Drexel Home for Aged Printers at Colorado Springs, Colorado. The Drexel Institute of Philadelphia was founded and endowed by him and he had the satisfaction of seeing this great institution in full operation before his death, an example worthy to be followed by philanthropists throughout the land. In addition to the cost of the building, equipment, library and an endowment amounting to two million dollars, he bequeathed to the Institute an additional one million dollars. To the organization of its fundamental plan and to the details of its administration, he devoted a most conscientious care, aiming to make it a factor for the practical encouragement of art, science and industry. His chief motive was a deep sympathy for young people who are obliged to make their own way in the world and all the courses of instruction were formulated with this end in view, at the same time seeking to avoid tendencies which might make them dependents. He occupied the position of President of the Board of Managers of the Drexel Institute until his death. The private life of Mr. Drexel was characterized by qualities of honorable, sincere and noble manhood. His per- sonal friends were the notable men of the time. Unassuming and modest, he avoided all public prominence, having declined 96 the office of Secretary of the Treasury tendered by the Presi- dent of the United States. Inheriting the artistic develop- ments and tastes of his father, he was an enthusiastic collector of objects of art, of which his possessions ranked among the best selected and most valuable in the country. He died at Carlsbad, Bohemia, June 30, 1893. A splendid bronze statue of Air. Drexel (executed by the eminent sculptor, Kzekiel), the gift of his former business partner, John H. Harjes, of Paris, to the City of Philadelphia, was unveiled in Fairmount Park with approj>riate ceremonies in June, 1905. It is now proper to take note of Mr. Drexel’s interest in the h'airmount Park Art Association. At the time of its foundation, a committee, being assured of his interest in art and in the welfare of his native city, tendered him the Presidency; he accepted the honor, con- sidering it a distinction, and retained the office until his death, presiding at the meetings of the Board of Trustees and always being willing to give time and attention to the many problems, financial and otherwise, that confronted the man- agement in the early years of its career. In fact it is recog- nized that the formation and additions to the Permanent h'und were made possible by the knowledge that his guiding hand would ensure stability to its investments, a pcdicy that has been maintained and one that it is earnestly hoped never may be departed from. It is believed that the Presidency of this Association (save only the Drexel Institute) was the only executive posi- tion that he consented to accept. 97 HENRY K. FOX Founder and only surviving member of the original Board of Trustees, still identified with the present management 98 HENRY K. FOX Founder and Member of the First Board of Trustees Henry K. Fox was born in Philadelphia September 21, 1847, and was educated in the public schools and the Central High School. He graduated from the I.aw School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1878. His father was the Hon. Daniel M. Fox, Mayor of the City of Philadelphia, 1869-1871. Henry K. Fox is the only member of the original Board of Trustees now surviving, who still serves on the Board; he is now Vice-President of the Association. It was in the year 1871 that Mr. Fox with Charles H. Howell, his neighbor, conversed frequently about the future development of Fairmount Park and the possibilities of its adornment with statuary and other works of art. The extensive plans for the Park, just completed under the guidance of the Commissicmers, the body recently autlum- ized to undertake these imiiortant measures, had been formu- lated, and it was considered opportune to form an organiza- tion of men and women to advise in the conduct of the en- terprise and to enlist the sympathy and aid of the community. Out of this grew the Fairmount Park Art Association and we are indebted to Messrs. Howell and Fox for their initiative and enterprise in originating it. Mr. F ox has been in active practice of the law for the past forty years, being especially interested in that phase relating to real estate, and his counsel and judgment in the practical conduct of the affairs of the Association have been of value. For many years he served as Treasurer, devoting very many hours and days to the care of the accounts, until finally they became so numerous and varied as to require a staff for their administration. 99 HENRY C. GIBSON Founder and Member of the E'irst Board of Trustees 100 HENRY C. GIBSON Founder and Member ot the First Board of Trustees Henry C. Gibson was born in Philadelphia in 1830. His father, John Gibson, came to this country from the North ot Ireland and in 1856 founded the (libsonton Mills Distillery on the Monongahela River near Pittsburgh. Upon his death in 1865 his son Henry succeeded to the business, in which he continued for some years, finally retiring from active partici- pation to devote his time to public work and benefactions and to the cultivation of art, in which he was deeply interested. He was a director of many financial institutions. Mr. Gibson was closely identified with the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, having been a director from 1870 and its \’ice-President from 1890 to 1891; also with the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, to which latter’s new building he was one of the largest contributors when it was erected in 1876. Hut his chief interest lay in his collection of French masterpieces, which hung on the walls of his resilience in Walnut Street above Sixteenth and comprised examples of Diaz, \’on Marcke, Zamacois, Millet, DeNeuville, Detaille, Munkaczy, Dupre and Cabanel, whose “Birth of \’enus” has a wide celebrity. Daubigny and Rosa Bonheur are also rep- resented and, although this does not complete the list, it gives a fair representation of the quality of the collection. One of the most notable contributions to art was made by Mr. Gibson in his bequest of his superb collection to the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. One of his benefactions was the endowment of the Gibson wing for incurables at the University Hospital, as also many generous contributions to various departments of the Univer- sity of Pennsylvania. Mr. Gibson died in Philadelphia December 20, 1891. 101 \ WILl.lAM J. HOKSTMANN Founder and member of the first Board of Trustees 102 WILLIAM J. HORSTMANN Founder and Member of the First Hoard of Trustees Horn in Philadelphia in 1819, William J. Horstniann was the oldest son of William H. Horstmann, who in 1816, at Third and Arch Streets in this city, established the business of the manufacture of narrow textile fabrics and military equipment, now being continued by his descendants as William H. Horstmann Company (Incorporated), in Philadelphia and New York, Mr. Horstmann was educated at the private school of Mr. John Beck at Lititz, near Lancaster, Pennsylvania. He was fortunate in receiving a good training from a sympathetic teacher, whose character left an impress, which had a decided influence throughout his career. At an early age Mr. Horstmann became associated with his father’s business and in 1843 he and his younger brother, Sigmund H. Horstmann, were admitted to full partnership. Alter the retirement of their father two years later, the brothers continued the business under the old style of William H. Horstmann and Sons for the next twenty-five years. He was one of the founders and the President of the Philadelphia School of Design for Women and also of the Philadelphia Lying-in Hospital and Training School for Nurses; a founder and member of the original Board of Trus- tees of the Fairmount Park Art Association; President of the 4'eutonia Fire Insurance Cf)mpany and of the (lerman Benevo- lent Society of this city; a 4'rustee of the (ierman (now Lanke- nau) Hospital of Philadelphia; one of the early members of the Franklin Institute, the Academy of the Natural Sciences, The Union League, and numerous other associations of the citv. Mr. Horstmann was much interested in the Centennial Exposition in 1876 and took an active part In its inception, having been appointed by the Governor of the State one of the Pennsylvania Commissioners. After a brief Illness, he died on May 10, 1872. 103 WALTER LlPPINCOTl’ Founder and Member of the First Board of Trustees KM WALTER LIPPINCOTT Founder and Member of the First Board of Trustees Walter Lippincott was born in Philadelphia March 21, 1849, the son of Joshua Ballinger Lippincott and Josephine Craige. A member of the class of 1868 of the University of Penn- sylvania, he felt obliged to accompany his father to Europe before graduating. On his return to Philadelphia, he entered his father’s publishing house, one of the leaders in the pro- duction of the best literature in the country. Mr. Lippincott is a member of The Union League, Ritten- house, Art, University, Merion and Philadelphia Country Clubs; Franklin Inn, New York Yacht and Corinthian Yacht Clubs; Deputy Ciovernor of the Mayflower Society; Member of the Sons of the Revolution, the Historical Society and the Geographical Society. Mr. Lippincott married Elizabeth Trotter Horstmann, daughter of Sigmund H. Horstmann and Elizabeth C. W est, whom he survives. Their daughter, Bertha Horstmann Lippincott, was married in 1908 to Dr. Strieker Coles. Mr. Lippincott still retains his membership in the Fair- mount Park Art Association, although impaired health re- quired his withdrawal from the Board of Trustees, of which he was an original member. Mr. Lippincott is the founder of the Walter Lippincott prize of three hundred dollars, awarded annually for many years by the Committee of the Pennsylvania Academy of the l‘'ine .Arts, for the best figure-piece or marine painted in oil shown at the Exhibition. 105 H. CORBIT OGDEN Founder and member of the first Board of Trustees 106 H. CORBIT OGDEN Founder and Member ot the First Board of Trustees Henry Corbit Ogden was born in Philadelphia November 9, 1849, the son of Charles Smith Ogden and Emma Corbit. He was an importer of silks, occupying a distinguished position as a merchant. He was an active member of the First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry, but devoted much ot his leisure to literary and antiquarian pursuits. A member of the Society of Friends, he was educated at Friends’ School, well known then as now for an admirable system of education, and later at Laval University in Quebec, Canada. In 1877, Mr. Ogden married Eliza Chase Bowman, the daughter of Alexander Hamilton Bowman and Marie Louise Collins, their only issue surviving being Mrs. Marie Louise Fmbree, now living in New York Citv. Mr. Ogden died July 8, 1891. 107 JOSEPH FR.’ULEY SMITH Founder and member of the First Board of Trustees 108 jOSKPH FRAILKY SMITH Founder and Member of the First Board of Trustees Joseph F'railey Smith was horn in Reading, Pennsylvania, January 10, 1834, and died in Philadelphia June 26, 1880. His lather was John Frederick Smith, one of Philadelphia’s re- spected merchants. His grandfather, Frederick Smith, an eminent jurist, was Attorney General of Pennsylvania from 1823 to 1828 and later Associate Justice of the Supreme Court ol the State. His great grandfather, the Rev. Johann Friederich Schmidt, a graduate of the University of Halle, an astronomer and a master of the Greek, Arabic and Hebrew languages, was the first of his family to come to this country. He was an eminent divine and one of the pioneers of his denomination to come to America. Seventeen years were spent b>' him as minister of St. Michael’s Lutheran Church, (lermantown, where his term of service included the Revolutionary War. Mr. Smith was educated in the public schools and grad- uated from the Central High School of Philadelphia. In June, 1860, he married Harriet Louise Hinckle, daughter ol William Hinckle and Elizabeth Height. As a young man, Mr. Smith was associated with several leading houses in the drygoods trade, later becoming a member of the firm of Alfred Slade & Company and again ol Slade, Smith & Company until its dissolution. For several years he was a special partner with the firm of Lewis \N harton iC Co., until he retired in 1867. When The Union League was organized, he was one of the first members of that club and in addition was on its Board of Directors from an early period until his death, at which time he was the senior Vice-President. His son, W. Hinckle Smith, is now a member ol the Board ol Trustees and Treasurer of the Fairmount Park Art Association. Joseph Frailey Smith was a director ol numerous corpo- rations, his most active interest, at the time of his death, being in connection with the building of the Northern Pacific Rail- road, his death having been preceded by an extensive trip over its properties only a few weeks before. 109 * *1 V t EDWARD H. TROTTER Founder and member of the first Board of Trustees no EDWARD HOUGH TROTTER Eoiinder and Member ot the Eirst Board of Trustees Edward Hough Trotter was born in Philadelphia Novem- ber 27, 1814. His ancestors were of Colonial stock, William Trotter having settled in Edizabeth, New Jersey, in 1666; his name was given to a bridge in the northern part of the town plot and his name also appears in the list of those who subscribed to “The Oath of A Eeagence and Eidelity taken by the in- habitants of Elizabeth 'Eown and the Jurisdiction thereof beginning with the 19th Eebruary 1665.” The historian of the period suggests that a Trotter mounted his horse and rode to New Castle to greet the new Governor (William Penn) and Proprietor, when he descended from “The Welcome” October 28, 1682. One of his ancestors was Joseph Trotter, member of the Pennsylvania I.egislature 1739-1755. Edward Hough Trotter was a member of the firm of Nathan 'Erotter N Co., dealers in metals; he was a director of the Lehigh ^hllley Railroad Co. and chairman of its Einance Committee and took an active part in public affairs. He be- came a member of The Union League in 1863. Mr. Trotter died at his home in Chestnut Hill, Mav 3, 1872. The notice of the death of his ancestor, William Trotter, in 1749, is so applicable, that it is here repeated. “ In his life and conv^ersation he was grave, yet innocently cheerful and strictly just in his dealings, also a lover and a promoter of peace, unity and brotherly love amongst friends, of which he himself was a good pattern. He was generally beloved during his life and at his death left a good savour.” Ill SAMUEL S. WHITE Founder and member of the first Board of Trustees 112 SAMUEL S. WHITE Founder and Member of the First Board of Trustees Samuel Stockton White was born at Hulmevulle, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, June 19, 1822. At the age of sixteen he was indentured to his uncle, Samuel W. Stockton (an early manufacturer of porcelain teeth). Shortly after attaining his majority Mr. White, in 1844, began business for himself at the corner of Sev^enth and Race Streets, Philadelphia, practicing dentistry on the first floor and conducting in the garret, his infant industry, the making of mineral (porcelain) teeth. A skilful mold-cutter, he individualized the forms of the various teeth, as they had never been before. This great advance gained immediate recognition and the demand became so insistent, as to cause him to relinquish the practice of dentistry to devote himself thereafter entirely to the problems of manufacturing. The first public recognition of Dr. White’s efforts was a testimonial signed by many leading dentists throughout the country, recording the superiority of the porcelain teeth of his make, which was presented in January, 1846. In 1853 the Philadelphia College of Dental Surgery conferred upon him the honorary degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery, “as a testi- monial of our appreciation of the value of services rendered to the dental profession in the manufacture and improvement of mineral teeth.” Steadfast adherence to his determination to make only the best that could be produced led to equal success in the other departments of his manufacture, the development of which proceeded rapidly. Of steel instruments, for example, he produced in 1867, a line so refined in forms, so perfectly adapted to all the requirements that they were at once acclaimed the finest the world of dentistry had ever seen. Dr. White died December 30, 1879, in the fulness of his powers, leaving a heritage whose luster time will not dim. To the foregoing list of Founders and Members of the original Board of Trustees are added the names of those who have served the Association for a series of years and have aided materially by exceptional qualities to maintain it and to add lustre to its repute. 113 JOHN H. CONVKRSE Died May 3, 1910. President of the Fairmount Park Art Association, 1894-PXX), 1904-1908; Vice-President, 1909-1910. 114 JOHN H. CONVERSE John H. Converse was born in Burlington, Vermont, December 2, 1840, the fourth of the seven children of the Rev. John Kendrick and Sarah (Allen) Converse. When a youth he studied telegraphy and was one of the first operators in ^"ermont able to take a message from the sound alone. At fourteen years of age he had his first employment as telegraph operator at b'.ssex Junction, on what is now the Central \'ermont Railroad. Later, in 1857, he entered the Lhiiversity of ^'ermont and was graduated in the class of 1861. Entering journalism in his native town, he became con- nected with the leading paper and through the writing of editorials and also the work of printing and issuing the paper he acquired a wide practical experience of great value. I'hrough one of his college mates he came to the notice of Norman V’illiams, a noted lawyer of Chicago, whose brother. Dr. Edward H. Williams, was superintendent of the Cialena Division ot the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad, and to the latter Mr. Converse was recommended as an efficient clerk. At this time Dr. Williams attracted the atten- tion of John Edgar Thomson, then President of the Penn- sylvania Railroad, who tendered him the position of General Superintendent at xVltoona, which was accepted, and Mr. Converse accompanied him. Later Dr. Williams resigned from the Railroad Company and, on his acquiring an interest in the Baldwin Locomotive 'NVorks, Mr. Converse accompanied him to Philadelphia and in 1873 became a member of the firm, being in charge of the commercial business of the Works. In business conferences or in meetings of the many busi- ness or charitable boards with which he was connected he would sit quietly listening, saying little, so long as matters were going as he thought they should; but whenever they became tangled he would by a few words indicate a solution so logical and so obviously correct that there would then appear to be no other course open, and all conflicting interests would disappear. Another and important phase of his character was his deep interest in evangelistic religion, which originated during his residence in Chicago, when Dwight L. Moody conducted services in a passenger car in the yards of the Northwestern 115 Road. Throughout his entire career he was deeply impressed by the sanctity of religious faith and took every opportunity of encouraging and supporting in generous fashion every movement in that direction. Among the many positions of trust and honor, which he filled at various times, were the following: trustee of the Presbyterian Hospital and Secretary of its Board of Trustees; trustee of Princeton Theological Seminary and of the Uni- versity of Vermont; director of the Philadelphia National Bank, Franklin National Bank, Philadelphia Saving Fund, Real Estate Trust Co., Philadelphia Trust, Safe Deposit and Insurance Co., Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts; President of the New England Society of Pennsylvania, Pres- byterian Social Union, Board of Trustees Bryn IVIawr Presby- terian Church, Manufacturers’ Club and Fairmount Park Art Association; member of the Board of City Trusts and in that capacity a trustee of Girard College; member of the Phila- delphia Board of Education; member of the American Philo- sophical Society, Presbyterian Board of Publication and Sabbath School Work, Contemporary Club, LInion J.eague, Universi-ty Club, Art Club, Engineers’ Club, Pennsylvania Society Sons ot the Revolution, \’ermont Society Sons ol American Revolution, Order of Founders and Patriots, and Treasurer of the Christian League. He was governor of the Society of Colonial Wars, A'ermont, to membership in which he was entitled because of his being a great-grandson of Cor- poral Enoch Allen (1744-1789). For many years his benefactions were boundless; his office was daily sought by college presidents, missionaries, charitable workers and all who were interested in philanthropic and civic movements, seeking his advice and his pecuniary aid. Mr. Converse was a member of the Fairmount Park Art Association for twenty-eight years, was president for eleven years, 1894 to 19(K) and 1904 to 1909, and \fice-President from his declining the presidency in 1909 until his death on May 3, 1910, and during all this time he took a sincere interest in its affairs, besides being a liberal contributor to the various projects for adding to the attractiveness of the Park. The Parkway Association, of which Mr. Converse was President, issued a quarto pamphlet with illustrations of the proposed improvements in connection with the suggested Parkway, demonstrating some of the leading features in 116 similar enlargements in leading cities of the world. The in- troductory plea by Hon. James M. Beck was a powerful argument lor the adoption of the plan and its complete presen- tation by Albert Kelsey, the Secretary of the Parkway Asso- ciation, produced a marked effect on public opinion. It is believed that the entire expense of this particular movement was defrayed by Mr. Converse personally. All honor to the few survivors and to the memory of those who have passed beyond, whose earnest and unselfish endeavors for the betterment of our City are now about to be realized. His advice in the financial affairs of the Association was greatly valued. No one could know him without appreciating his simple, quiet, but strong qualities as a man. As a citizen he enjoyed the respect of the entire community in an unusual degree and, while declining the civic positions which were offered to him, he was never found wanting in courage, in liberality, in patriotism, in all the affairs which minister to its honor and distinction. 117 CHARLES E. DANA Vice-President, 1SKX)-1914 118 CHARLES EDMUND DANA \^ice-President of the Association Charles E. Dana was horn January 18, 1843, at Wilkes- Barre, Pennsylvania, and died February 1, 1914, in Phila- delphia. Mr. Dana was the great-grandson of Judge Peters of Belmont, Fairmount Park, where both Lafayette and Wash- ington were frequent visitors, as were many of the notable men of the day. Professor Dana was educated at schools in Philadelphia, the Royal Academy in Dresden and the Royal Academy in Munich; at Union University, Schenectady, N. Y., for Civil Engineering, graduating in the class of 1865; also at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia; and at the Atelier Luminais, Paris, for painting. He was Professor of Art in the School of Architecture, University of Pennsylvania, for ten years; also a Trustee of the Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art, where he gave lessons in painting for several years. b'or some time Professor Dana was \"ice-President of the Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, Mount Airy; President of 4'he Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia; for ten years President of the Fellowship of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and of the Phila- delphia Water Color Club; President and ^dce-President of the Contemporary Club and a Director of the Library Com- pany of Philadelphia. He was a member of the Loyal Legion, Aztec Club, Pennsylvania Society of Sons of the Revolution, Kittenhouse Club, Art Club, Philadelphia Barge Club, and b'ranklin Inn Club, and a member of the American Philosoph- ical Society, Mce-President of the Fairmount Park Art Association and Secretary of the Shakespeare Society. Mr. Dana married ^Iiss Emilie Hollenback Woodbury, daughter of Peter Trask Woodbury, and is survived by his widow and a daughter. Miss Millicent Woodbury Dana. A feature in his career that especially commended itself to public-spirited citizens was his deep interest in many activities of positive civic value; it is rare that a man of his accomplishments is willing to give so much time and energy to public service, and his devotion to these matters should be noted with full appreciation. 119 JOHN T. MORRIS V'ice-Presideiit, 1909-1915 120 JOHN THOMPSON MORRIS Vice-President ot the Association The Morris family is of ancient lineage and members have been distinguished in every generation, especially in Philadelphia. Coming from England in 1682 they brought their stead- fast faith in the Society of Friends, continued to the present day. Captain Samuel Morris organized the First Troop Phila- delphia City Cavalry, which played a conspicuous part in the Revolutionary War, as also in all subsequent disturbances when called upon to act. John T. Morris was a graduate of Haverford College and later became a member of its Board of Managers. He succeeded his father in the I. P. Morris Engine Building Co. which was finally disposed of to the Cramp Shipbuilding Co., the properties adjoining and the Morris section being required for a necessary expansion of the Cramp interests. Mr. Morris was a manager of the Philadelphia Saving Fund; Chairman of the Philadelphia Contributionship for the Insurance of Houses; a member of the Board of the Franklin Institute and of the Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art; former president of the Deaf and Dumb Institution at Mount Airy; Councillor of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania; Overseer of the Public School founded by William Penn, now styled “The Penn Charter School”; and ^hce-President of the Fairmount Park Art Association, in which he was deeply interested, giving much time and thought to its dev^elopment. His estate at Chestnut Hill, created by him in a few years out of a barren rocky hill, is one of the most beautiful parks in suburban Philadelphia; here he lived in summer with his sister. Miss Lydia T. Morris, dispensing boundless hospitality. He had a fine presence and a winning personality, to which should be added a generous disposition aiding in every good work brought to his attention. 121 LESLIE W. MILLER, LL.D. Secretary, 1900-1920 12. LESLIE \V. MILLER Trustee and Secretary ol the Association Leslie William Miller was born in Brattleboro, Vermont, August 5, 1848, and was educated in the public schools of his native town and at the Massachusetts Normal Art School at Boston. At first engaged as teacher and also as portrait painter, he was invited to Philadelphia in 1880 to become the Principal of the Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art, recently organized as an outcome ot the Centennial Exhibition of 1876. It then had a total attendance of 73 students; today it has 40 instructors and over 1300 students. In June, 1920, the degree of Doctor of Fine Arts was conferred on Mr. Miller by the University of Pennsylvania and that of Doctor of Laws by Temple University, the for- mer especially an evidence of the purpose and spirit of the L niversity to recognize the Fine Arts and to co-operate with the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, the new Munici- pal .Museum and the School of Industrial .Art, to make the approach to Fairmount Park an .Art centre unrivalled by any other in this country. Mr. Miller was a member of the .Art Jury of Philadel- phia from its inception and Secretary and then \’ice-Presi- dent of it; he was Vice-President of the .Art Club of Phila- delphia; member of the Boston Art Club and of the American Philosophical Society. Mr. Miller is a fluent speaker and has delighted many audiences with his graphic descriptions covering a wide range of topics. His pen has been freely used to encourage art in his adopted city and his advocacy of improved municipal conditions, especially the physical regeneration of the banks of the Schuylkill, will have an enduring influence upon the community. His work published by the Scribners entitled “Essentials of Persp>ective,” is widely recognized as an authority in architectural circles. In 1874 Mr. Miller married Sarah Maria Persons; they have two sons, Percy and Arthur, both of whom took an active interest in our communal life, thus sustaining the ex- ample so well put forth by their honored father. 123 At the closing stated meeting of the Trustees held April 9, 1920, the following was adopted: “The Board of Trustees of the Fairmount Park Art Association has learned with exceeding regret that Mr. Leslie \V. Miller has indicated his purpose to leave Philadelphia for his home in New England and that necessarily he will have to yield his interests in this Association. “Imbued with the love of art, especially as identified with civic improvement, he became a member of this association in 1884 and a trustee in 1895. As Chairman of the Committee on Works of Art, he showed the mature judgment so essential to the conduct of the affairs of the most important committee in the organization. Later, after earnest solicitation from the board, Mr. Miller accepted thesecretaryship of the Association, and from 1900 to the present time, twenty years, he has virtually been the executive manager, conducting its various activities with a skill and ability that has brought the Associa- tion to the prominent position it now holds. Actuated always by the highest motives of altruism, his untiring interest in civic betterment, both artistic and practical, has been a potent factor in the life of the city, and it is the purpose of the Board to declare the debt of gratitude that is due him for his energy and skill. In parting with Mr. Leslie W. Miller, not only is the Association losing an important officer, but the city of Philadelphia is being deprived of the services of one of its most distinguished citizens, creating a void most difficult to fill. And to each member of the Board it will be a personal loss, since in all these years there has been a unanimity of regard and esteem engendered by Mr. Miller’s rare qualities of mind and heart. “Of his many activities in other directions it is for others to speak, but the trustees may apply the comment of old, when a great leader was to be commended: “ ‘And he hath put in his heart that he may teach, he hath filled him with wisdom of heart, to work all manner of work, of the engraver and of the cunning workman and of the embroiderer, in blue and in purple, in scarlet and in fine linen, and of the w^eaver, even of them that do any work and of those that devise works of art.’” 124 Oak Bluffs, Mass., May 31, 1921. Charles J. Cohen, Esq., President, Fairmount Park Art Association, Philadelphia. My dear Mr. President: — With many regrets that it is impossible for me to be present in the body to participate in the celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Fairmount Park Art Association, I send my felicitations on the honorable results already achieved and the promise of an ever extending influence for good to the City we all love so well, that will be so fittingly proclaimed by our eloquent friend, Mr. Beck, on this auspicious occasion. The list of Philadelphia’s achievements, and of the men whose con- secrated efforts have added such lustre to her name, is a long and honor- able one; the City has been first in many things, but in nothing more conspicuously and honorably than in the work of upholding civic beauty as an exponent of civic dignity and duty, in which the Fairmount Park .Art Association is easily first. It has a right to be proud of what it has accomplished, and it does well to celebrate its achievements, and to honor the memory of the men, and women, who united in the generous purpose which its founding represented, and in the support which has been ac- corded it through all the years that it has known. May the name of its single-hearted and public-spirited founder. Col. Charles H. Howell, be held in increasing honor as the years go by, and may the roll of generous supporters of the great civic principle which he was foremost in advocating be lengthened and enlarged forever. Yours very sincerely, (Signed) LESLIE W. MILLER. 125 I ELLEN PHILLIPS SAMUEL Who bequeathed her entire residuary estate upward of S76S,000.00 to the Eair- mount Park Art Association 126 J EI.LEN PHILLIPS SAMUEL Benefactor of the Association Mrs. Ellen Phillips Samuel, the youngest daughter of the late Jonas Altamont Phillips, a distinguished member of the Philadelphia bar, was born in Philadelphia March 8, 1849. Her uncle, the Hon. Henry M. Phillips, is well remembered as one of the most public-spirited men of his generation. He was a distinguished member of the bar of Philadelphia, a member of the United States House of Representatives and of the Board of City Trusts, of which he was President. He was President of the American Academy of Music and President of the Commissioners of Eairmount Park, and the generous benefactions, which bear his name in the various scientific, patriotic and philanthropic societies of Philadelphia, give eloquent testimony to his deep interest in everything that concerned the public welfare and the earnestness of his efforts to promote the higher life of the community. Mrs. Samuel had shown a deep interest in the welfare of the Fairmount Park Art Association for many years and her aunt, the late Miss Emily Phillips, was a liberal subscriber in 1895 to the Perpetual Fund of the Park Branch. Mrs. Samuel’s interest in the work of the Fairmount Park Art Association was shared by her husband, a fellow member, and the project which she had so much at heart owes much to his sympathetic and cordial co-operation. By the will of Mrs. Samuel, who died in Philadelphia October 1, 1913, the Association becomes the residuary lega- tee of her estate conservatively estimated at seven hundred and sixty-five thousand dollars, the income to be used primarily for the erection of a series of statues on the east bank of the Schuylkill river below the Girard Avenue Bridge. I’hrough the generosity of her husband, J. Bunford Samuel, Esq., the provision of the will has been anticipated through his action in giving the first statue now placed on the East River Drive above the Boat Houses. The statue is a splendid represen- tation in bronze of the first settler in America, Thorfinn Karlsefni, the Norseman; the design was the work of Einar Jonsson, a noted Icelandic sculptor, who accepted Mr. Samuel’s invitation to visit America and was his guest in Phila- delphia while modeling and completing the statue. In due 127 time other statues “emblematic of the history of America” will follow, and upon their completion the income arising from this munificent fund is authorized “to be spent in buying statuary and fountains to decorate the Park.” This bequest, it may be stated, is one of the two largest that have ever been made for a similar purpose in this country and the Trustees have gratefully accepted the responsibility of carrying out the wishes of the testatrix. 128 Works of Art Contributed by the Fairmount Park Art Association to Fairmount Park 1. NIGHT Bronze Statue BV EDWARD STAUCH 2. HUDSON BAY WOLVES Bronze Group BY EDWARD KEMEVS 3. IL PENSEROSO Marble Statue BV MOZIER 4. THE AMBUSCADE Oil Painting FIGURES BY BARON WAl'I’ERS. LANDSCAPE BY KOEKKOEK 5. CHALK AND HIS ERIENDS Oil Painting BY NEWBOLD H. TROTTER 6. THE DYING LIONESS Bronze Group BY WILHELM WOLFF 7. DIANA BORGHESE Terra Cotta Statue 8. TAM O’SHANTER... .Group of Eour Eigures in Red Sandstone BY THOM 9. DRINKING FOUNTAIN Granite 10-14. FIVE FOUNTAINS Bronzed Iron Replicas of the Fountains, Rond Point, Champs Klysees, Paris 15. HORSE TROUGH Italian Marble 16. GR.AND FOUNTAIN Bronzed Iron 17. FOUNTAIN OF “ORESTES AND PYLADES”. Bronze Group BY CARL STEINHAEUSER 18. SILENUS AND THE INFANT B.ACCHUS Bronze 19. THE WRESTLERS Bronze 20. E.ACE AND H.ANDS OF ABR.AHAM LINCOLN Bronze 21-22. FLORENTINE LIONS Bronze 23. EQUESTRIAN ST.ATUE OF MAJOR-GENERAL GEORGE GORDON MEADE Bronze BY ALEXANDER MILNE CALDER 24. STONE AGE IN AMERICA BY JOHN J. BOYLE 129 Bronze 25. LIONESS CARRYING TO HER YOUNG A WILD BOAR Bronze BY AUGUST CAIN /I Commission from the Association 26. EQUESTRLAN ST.ATUE OF JEWNNE D’ARC Bronze BY FRF.MIET 27. EQUESTRIAN GROUP, “LION FIGHTER” Bronze BY ALBERT WOLFF Original plaster cast purchased by the Association 28. HAMLET .AND OPHELIA Oil Painting BY GEORGE W. 1‘ETTIT 29. BUST OF JAMES A. GARFIELD, PRESI DENT OF THE UNITED SLATES, AND ALLEGORICAL FIGURE Bronze BY AUGUSTUS ST. GAUDENS 30. EQUESTRLAN ST.ATUE OF GENERAL U. S. GRANT. Bronze BY DANIEL CHESTER FRENCH AND EDWARD C. POTTER Pedestal designed by Frank Miles Day and Brother 31. BRONZE SPANISH CANNON,” MILTLADES” Date, 1743 32. BRONZE SPANISH CANNON, “SEMIRAMIS”.. . . Date, 1737 33. BRONZE SPANISH MORTAR Date, 1731 34. EQUESTRLAN ST.ATUE, “THE MEDICINE M.AN ”.. Bronze BY CYRUS E. DALLIN 35. MONUMENTAL MEMORIAL 40 PENNSYLVANIA’S MILITARY AND N.AV.AL OFFICERS DISTIN- GUISHED FOR G.ALL.ANTRY IN I’HE CD IL WAR OF THE UNITED STATES, 1861-1865 4'he statuary in bronze comprises the following; .A. Colossal equestrian statue of Major-General Hancock, by J. Q. A. Ward. B. Colossal equestrian statue of Major-General McClellan, by Edward C. Potter. C. Colossal figure of Major-General Meade, by Daniel Chester French. D. Colossal figure of Major-General Reynolds, by Charles Grafly. E. Colo.ssal figure of Richard Smith, by Herbert .Adams. Eight colossal busts as follows: E. Admiral Porter, by Charles Grafly. G. Major-General Hartranft, by .A. Stirling Calder. H. Admiral Dahlgren, by George E. Bissell. I. James H. Windrim, Esq., by Samuel Murray. J. Major-General S. W. Crawford, by Bessie O. Potter. K. . Governor Curtin, by M. Ezekiel. L. General James A. Beaver, by Katherine M. Cohen. M. John B. Gest, Esq., by Charles Grafly. N. Two Eagles and Globes, by J. Massey Rhind. 36. SUN-DIAL AND MARBLE PEDESTAL 37. JAPANESE TEMPLE-G.ATE 38. EQUESTRLAN ST.ATUE— “COW-BOY” BY FREDERIC REMINGTON 130 39. FOL7CTAIX FIGURE— “THE DUCK GIRL” BT PAUL MASSeaP 40. MEMORIAL TABLET TO HERMANN JOSEPH SCHWARZMANN Designer ef SlewnriMl HmU 41. MARBLE FIGLllE— “DANAID” BT B.ACCH 42. MARBLE FIGURE— “FEEDING THE DOVES” 43. MARBLE FIGURE— “LOVE TRIUMPHANT* BT B. H. PABJt 44. BRONZE— “PENGUINS” BT ALBEKT LAE5SLE 45. BRONZE— “THORFIN'N KARLSEFNI” BT EIXAB JOSiSOS Contributed by the City Branch 1. LION AND SERPENT Bronze BT BABTE 2. DICKENS AND LITTLE NELL Bronze BT F. EDWTX ELWELL 3. STATUE OF MATTHI AS W. BALDWIN Bronze BY BEBBEBT ADA3C5 4. MARBLE PLAA'ER Raster BT A. TTIRUXC CALOEB. 5. LARGE MOLTCTED PHOTOGR.APHS Ot Grand Founjain, The Medicine Man, Stone .Age in .America, Lioness Carrying to Her Aoune a Wiki Boar, Jeanne d’.Arc, Garfieki, Lion and S er p en t, The Dying lioness. Grant, Hudson Bay Wotves, and Meade, have b een pre se nted by the .Associa- tion through the Department of Sup^ntendence antH placed in several Public Schools of PhiladeIpJua. 6. .MEMORI AL TABLET Erected at the entrance to the lot on Orianna S t reet, which was purchased by the Fainnount Park .Art .Assoctatioa with hinds subscribed Bar rhis purpose by several patriotic societies and public-spinted cinzens an»^ improved as a m«rn of protecting Carpenters’ Hall in 1911. 7. PEDESTAL AND SETTING For bronze goat, “Billy,” by .Albert Laessle. Pedestal and exedra .-iewyivftl by Milton B. Medary, Jr. 131 WORKS OF ART Contributed by or through THE PARK BRANCH OF THE ASSOCIATION HLDSON BAY WOLVES Bnnze Grostp iy EdKord Kemeys Cast in Philadelphia. Purchased hr the Association. .Vccepted by the Commissioners o< Fainaount Part, September 2:<, 1S72. Ejected at Lansdowne Entrance, West Park. 134 IL PENSEROSO Marble Statue BV MOZIER Purchased by the Association. .Accepted by the Commissioners of Eairmount Park, January 10, 1874. Placed in Horticultural Hall, in the Park. “DIANA BORGHESE”, . . Terra Cotta Statue Presented to the Association December 29, 1876, by Messrs. H. Doulton & Co., London, E'ngland. Placed in Horticultural Hall, Pair- mount Park. 135 THE DYING LIONESS Bronze Group BY PROF. WILHEl.M WOLFF, oF BERLIN •Medal, Vienna Exposition, 1873. Cast in Munich. Purchased by the Association .Accepted by the Commissioners of Fairmount Park, December 9, 1876. Placed in the Con course on Girard .Avenue, in front of the Zoological Gardens. 136 I AM ()Sir\Nll'U , (iiiili|i 111 I'liiii I'lniiirit III Uni .SiiliilKliMir ll\ I HUM I I iIIInIii inl liillir Ami II ill I HIM Im I lir I i iiilri'N o( I'liiilklm liiHllliilr An r|iln| In tin- I'uniiliift mil I'liik, Ninriiiliii ID, ls77. 1'linnlnii iIim Uivn Diivc miiln ii iimlii ulii'lln, ii|<|iiiNili' I III' liiiiil III iiiNrN, FOUNTAIN OF “OHKSI ES AND PVI.ADKS” (Bronze Group) BV CARL STEINHAEUSER, OF CARLSRUHE, GERMANY Placed near Columbia Avenue entrance to the Fast Park. GR.AND FOUNTAIN Bronze Iron, erected in the East Park near the Dauphin street entrance, 1879. 138 C -C o ^ U •r^ fj rt ca. o 5 c 'r: 5 ^.2 E 4 > 'J U -CO*;:: *- D O ;« -C O u P 2 G. £ rt C.i 2 i» c X £ o U *- ir c -C 3 ^ ■*' S s i) -= *5 C «5 S!-£^ U. r ° .2^ -,r- i- -C i-J « .t; 00 > u — ^ _c ii- o “oo rt u U ti t ii C a” ^ :« Oh Q 139 “SILENUS AND THE INFANT BACCHUS” Bronze Supposed to be the work of Praxiteles. Reproduced in bronze by Barbedienne, Paris, France, from the original in the Louvre. Purchased by the .Association. Erected on a pedestal of granite, on the east side of the Main Drive, half-way between Fairmount .Avenue entrance and Brown Street entrance to the old Park, in November, 1885. 140 141 THE WRESTLERS— Reproduced in bronze by B.ybedienne, Paris, France, from the original Antique in the Royal Gallery of Florence, ivV* - . Association by Mr. A. J. Drexel. Mounted on a pedestal of granite, on the west side of the Mam Drive, at the foot of Lemon Hill, near Brown Street entrance to the Old Park, in November, 1885. 142 1 MAJOR GENERAL GEORGE GORDON MEADE— BV AI.EXANDER MII.NE CALDER A Commission from the Association The United States Government donated a number of captured cannon, and the Legis- lature of the State of Pennsylvania appropriated the sum of SiiOOO toward the expense of the granite pedestal; special subscriptions largely aided by the Women’s Auxiliary Committee completed the fund necessary for its erection. Cast by the Henry-Bonnard Company. Mounted on a pedestal of Pennsylvania granite. Placed north of Memorial Hall. .Accepted by the Commissioners of Fairmount Park, October 18, 1887, and unveiled with ceremonies participated in by representatives of the mil tary and naval forces of the United States, the Grand .Army of the Republic, the National Guard, and by distinguished citizens. 1-13 . STONE AGE IN AMERICA Indian Group, Bronze BV JOHM J. BOVLE A Commission from the Association Mr. Boyle’s spirited group represents an Indian mother defending her children from an attack of wild beasts. A bear’s cub, which she has killed with her stone hatchet, lies at her feet, and with her baby clasped to her breast she awaits the attack of the savage mother. The group is among the most masterly works which have been added to the works in the Park, and Mr. Boyle is undoubtedly the first sculptor who has adequately presented the Indian’s case in American art. It was cast by Barbedienne, of Paris, and placed in West Park, near the Children’s Play Ground, in 1888. 144 UONESS CARRYING TO HER YOUNG A WILD BOAR Bronze BY AUGUSTE CAIN A Commission from the Association RIaced near the Iron Spring and Lincoln Monument, foot of Lemon Hill, 1888. 145 COLOSSAL KQUESTRIAX GROUP, "LION FIGHTER” Bronze By PROF. ALBERT WOLFF, OF BERLIN Original plaster cast purchased by the Association Cast in bronze by Bureau Brothers, lOTS. Placed on natural jutting rock, East River Drive below Girard .Avenue Bridge, June, 1897. 146 i Mjf.ANNi 1 1 E r 1 F“ 1 K_ I . 'I f" y EQUESTRIAN STATUE OF JEANNE D’ARC Bronze BY FREMIET. The sculptor’s more mature conception oj the same subject that he erected in i8j^. Place des Pyramides, Paris. Purchased by the Association. Mounted on”granite pedestal. Placed near the eastern approach to Girard Avenue Bridge. Accepted by the Commissioners of Fairmount Park, November 15, 1890. 147 HEROIC BUST OF JAMES A. GARFIELD AND ALLEGORICAL FIGURE— BY AUGUSTUS ST. CAUDENS Stanford H'hite, Architect A Commission from the Association Erected by special subscription, unveiled with imposing military and naval ceremonies, and accepted by the Commissioners of Fairmount Park, on the evening of .Memorial Day, May 30, 1896; followed by a sylvan fete, under the auspices of the Women’s Committee on Entertainment. Placed on the East Park Drive below Girard .Avenue Bridge and near the Rond point Fountains. 148 BRONZE EQUESTRIAN STATUE OF GENERAL U. S. GRANT By Daniel Chester French and Edward C. Potter Pedestal by Frank Miles Day & Bro. 149 Bronze Spanish Cannon “Miltiades.” Date 1743 The above piece, from fortifications in Cuba, is ornamented with carved decorations, including the royal arms of Spain as employed by Philip V and his Queen, F.lizabeth Farnese. Presented to F'airmount Park by the Fairmount Park Art Association in 1899. Re- mounted on appropriate carriage designed by Charles K. Dana and placed on the terrace in front of Memorial Hall, April, 1912. 150 BRONZE SPANISH MORTAR FROM FORTIFICATIONS IN CUBA. DATE 1731. Ornamented with carved decorations, including the royal arms of Spain as employed by Philip V and his Queen Elizabeth Farnese. Presented to Fairmount Park by the F'airmount Park Art Association in 1899, and remounted on appropriate carriage designed by Charles E. Dana and placed on the terrace in front of Memorial Hall, April, 1912. 151 152 J THE SMITH MEMORIAE 153 A DETAIL OF THE MONUMENTAL MEMORIAL 154 MAJOR-GENERAL WINFIELD SCOTT HANCOCK Colossal equestrian statue by J. Q. A. Ward. Erected under bequest of Richard Smith on the NIonumental Memorial, West Park, 1912 'Phis and the following ten illustrations show individual pieces of sculpture, which are placed on the Monumental Memorial. 155 EQUESTRIAN STATUE OF MAJOR-GENERAL McCLELLAN By Edward C. Potter Erected under bequest of Richard Smith on the Monumental Memorial, West Park, 1912 156 RICHARD SMITH By Herbert Adams 157 ADMIRAL TORTER By Charles Grafly 158 ADMIRAL DAHLGREN By George E. Bissell 159 JAMES H. WINDRIM By Samuel Murray 160 MAJOR-GENERAL S. W. CRAWFORD By Bessie O. Potter 161 GOVERNOR CURTIN By M. Ezekiel 162 GENERAL JAMES A. BEAVER By Katherine M. Cohen J63 JOH\ B. GEST By Charles Grafly 164 EAGLE By J. Massey Rhind 165 THE MEDICINE MAN Bronze Equestrian Statue by Cyrus E. Dallin Erected in East Park at the head of Strawberry Hill, 1903 166 ( BRONZE SUN-DIAL — by Alexander Stirling Calder Presented to the City of Philadelphia, through this Association, in 1905, I>y a meml)er of the Association who desires to remain anonymous. The marble pedestal is the work of •Alexander Stirling Calder. The dial is of bronze, accurately calculated for the exact spot in which it is placed, and shows the variations for each month of the year and the time at 12 o’clock in twelve principal cities of the world. The design includes the twelve signs of the zodiac, and four supporting female figures, emblematic of the four seasons. 167 JAPANESE TEMPLE-GATE (In the West Park, on Lansdowne Drive, near Belmont Avenue.) Presented to the City of Philadelphia, through this .A.ssociation, by .Messrs. John H. Converse and Samuel M. Vauclain, and erected in the ravine between Memorial and Horti- cultural Halls in the West Park, near the Lotus-Pond, in December, 1905. This extremely interesting specimen of the best Japanese work of three hundred years ago, formed part of the official Japanese exhibit at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis in 1904, and was purchased, with its contents, by Messrs. Converse and Vauclain as a gift to the city. The contents of the building, as exhibited at St. Louis, include a superb pair of the usual Temple guardians, Brahma and Indra, and many specimens ofJapane.se art in wood, metal and fabrics. These objects have been deposited with the Pennsyl- vania Museum and School of Industrial .Art to be exhibited among its collections at Memorial Hall. The Japanese gardens are a contribution from John H. Converse and John T. Morris. The work was accomplished under the supervision of Mr. Y. Muto, a capable Japanese land- scape gardener. 168 BRONZE EQUESTRIAN STATUE OF COWBOY BY FREDERIC REMINGTON A Commission from the Association Placed on the East River Drive in Fairmount Park, north of the tunnel near Girard Avenue Bridge in 1908. 169 THIS TABLET IS ERECTED BY THE I FAIRMOUNT PARK ART ASSOCIATION' j ' IN COMMEMORATION OF THE FAITHFUL SERVICES RENDERED BY HERMANN JOSEPH SCHWARZMANN ! CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITF.CT WHO AS PRINCIPAL ASSISTANT AND CONSULTING ENGINEER TO THE I COMMISSIONERS OF FAIRMOUNT PARK | FROM 1808 TO 1877 DESIGNED MANY ! OF ITS BUILDINGS BRIDGES ROADS AND OTHER IMPROVEMENTS OF THESE MEMORIAL HALL AND HORTICULTURAL HALL REMAIN ^ TO ATTEST HIS SKILL AND ABILITyIH 1840 — 1891 a MF.MORIAI. TABLET TO HERMANN JOSEPH SCHWARZMANN To commemorate his services as consulting enaineer, 1868-1877. Erected in Memorial Hall, 1915. 170 Marbi.e Statue, Copy of the “Danaid,” BY RAUCH Bequest of Paul Griffith Placed in Horticultural Hall, 1918 Marble Statue, “Feeding the Doves” Bequest of Paul Griffith Placed in Horticultural Hall, 1918 171 PENGUIN'S Bronze by Albert Laessle Purchased by the Association, 1918. .Accepted by the Commissioners of Fairmount Park and erected at the entrance to the Bird House, facing the lake, in the Zoological Garden. 172 THORFINN KARI.SEFNI Bronze Statue by Einar Jonsson A gift to the Association by Mr. J. Bunford Samuel, erected on the east bank of the Schuylkill River north of the Sedgley Boat House, 1920. 173 V ■ X , . < r- * I . -5 • ' V y • ' >■■ *• ' •' . ' ’. • ,- V- WORKS OF ART Contributed by or through th CITY BRANCH OF THE ASSOCIATION I.IOX AND SERPENT— Browse BV BARVE Purchased by the Association Replica of one in the Garden of the Tuileries, Paris, by permission of the French Govern- ment. Placed in Rittenhouse Square, 1893. 176 “DICKENS AND LITTLE NELL” Bronze BV F. EDWIN ELWELL Purchased by the Association 'I'he Little Nell won the Gold Medal of the Art Club, Philadelphia, in 1891. The group was awarded a medal at the Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893. Erected in Clarence H. Clark Park, West Philadelphia, 1901. 177 BRONZt: STATUE OF MATTHIAS W. BALDWIN BY HERBERT ADAMS This memorial to the founder of the great industry which bears his name, formerly erected in a grass plot at Broad and Spring Garden Streets, was presented to the City of Philadelphia, through this Association, by the firm of Burnham, Williams & Co., proprietors of the Baldwin Locomotive Works, on June 2, 1906. Removed in 1921 and placed temporarily on the City Hall Plaza. 178 CARPENTERS’ HALL In which the Continental Congress met in 1774. The building of which a portion is seen on the left was acquired by the P'airmount Park Art Association and removed, to avoid the hazard from fire, 1911. 179 rouRTH 3 r BUL UTT BUtL DlN&r rORRLBT BUILDING (ARpmm HAU BROm BR05 BUILDING no-nz South CUARANTEC TRUDT AND 3AEE DEP05I7 COAIPANY ORIANNA 5T CIRARD NATIONAL BANA A-IARINER AND MERCHANT BUILDiNO T M/fKD 3 T Map Showing Location of Carpenters’ Hall and Adjacent Properties Note the location of property 110-112 South Orianna Street which has been acquired by the Fairmount Park Art Association as an open space for the protection ofCarpenters’ Hall. 180 THIS GROUND PURGHASr.D B'l THE FAIRMOUNT PARK ART ASSOCIATION WITH FUNDS SUB- S'- PIBED FOR THIS PURPOSE BY SEVERAL PATRIOT 1C SOCIETIES AND PUBLIC SPIRITED CITIZENS WAS IMPROVED AS A MEANS OE PROTECT- ING THF BIRTHPLACE OF AMERICAN LIBERTY CARPENTERS' HAIL A. D. 1911 Memorial Tablet erected at the entrance to the lot on Orianna street, 1911, 181 FOUNTAIN FIGURE— “THE DUCK GIRL." BY PAUL MANSHIP This work was awarded the George D. Widener Gold Medal for most meritorious work in Sculpture at the Annual Exhibition of the Penns>dvania Academy of the Fine Arts in 1914. Purchased by the Association and transferred to the Commissioners of Fairmount Park 1916, for erection in “Cloverly,” Germantown. 182 BILLY — Bronze by Albert Laessle The bronze is a gift to the city by a member of this Association. The Association con- tributed the pedestal and exedra. Erected in Rittenhouse Square, 1919. 183 RRIKl' ACCOUNTS ot the scurj’i’ORs lilOG RAP HIES by CHARI, ItS J. COHEN In some cases, the sculptors have contributed autobiographies 1 H KR BER r A D AMS— «//>/or 186 f f k i HERBERT ADAMS Herbert Adams, born in New England of colonial ancestry, received his early education in Massachusetts, hrst in the public schools of Fitchburg, then at the Worcester Institute of Technology, and later at the Massachusetts Normal Art School. After a brief period of teaching art classes at the Maryland Institute, he went to Paris, where he studied for five years, chiefly under Mercie and others of the modern ITench school of sculpture. On returning to his native country, he took charge of the motleling classes at Pratt Institute and at the same time began work on a series of commissions for the Library of Congress in Washington, including busts, decorative figures, reliefs in oak and in Siena marble, and the rotunda statue of Joseph Henry, the discoverer of important truths in elec- tricity. The statue of Richard Smith, for the Fairmount Park Memorial, soon followed; and, while the Henry was modeled in academic robes, the Smith was shown as a printer, in workman’s garb. The Library of Congress doors, that is, one pair of the two originally assigned to Olin Warner, had been entrusted to Mr. Adams after Mr. Warner’s death. Among his statues and monuments are the William Ellery Channing, in the Boston Public Garden; the ^^’illiam Cullen Bryant, New York Public Library; and that of Col. Loammi Baldwin, the eighteenth century Colonel of Engineers, the statue of General Humphreys, Fredericksburg, and that of Jerome Wheelock, Grafton, Massachusetts; the Jonathan Edwards Memorial, at Northampton, Massachusetts; the General Joseph Hawley IMemorial, Hartford, Connecticut; the Michigan Soldiers’ Memorial, \dcksburg; the MacMillan Memorial Fountain, Washington; heroic statues of John Marshall and Rufus Ranney, also figures of Stephen Langton and Simon de Montfort, for the Cleveland Courthouse. He has served on the Municipal Art Commission of New York. He was for some years President of the National Sculp- ture Society, and ^’ice-President of the National Academy of Design. Throughout the World War, Mr. Adams’s zeal for our national art was unflagging. He has received many medals from expositions and art societies, among them the Archi- tectural League’s Gold Medal for Sculpture. 187 ANTOINE LOUIS BARYE 1796-I87S 188 ANTOINE LOUIS BARYE Born in Paris, 1796. Learned the trade of his father, who was a jeweler. Then studied drawing, engraving, and painting. Adopted sculpture and created a new school of that art in France. Won fame largely by his works in bronze. Also executed etchings, lithographs, and works in water-color and oil, all highly esteemed since his death. Died in Paris, 1876. His influence on modern sculpture has been akin to that of Millet and his confreres on painting. As in the case of Millet and others of his illustrious contemporaries, Barye received his first substantial encouragement from American collectors. At a time when his works found but negative attention at home, they enjoyed high esteem in the United States. The keynote of his fame in this country was struck when Mr. William T. Walters presented to the city of Baltimore the noble bronzes which are erected in Mount Vernon Square in that city, and when, in 1889, the great Barye Memorial Exhibi- tion was held at the American Art Galleries in New York, the extraordinary variety of the works shown in this display, their diversity of subject, and original power of execution, aroused the admiration of the public as well as the enthusiasm of amateurs. It was a collection of master- pieces, whose majestic merit admitted of no question and which fully justified the dictum of M. Leon Bonnat, the dis- tinguished painter, in the Gazette des Beaux Arts: “Barye is one of the greatest artists of the age, I may even say of all ages.’’ His genius is unique and without a peer and his art has left an ineffaceable stamp upon the world. 189 GEORGE E. BISSELI — 190 GKORGE EDWIN BISSELL George Edwin Bissell was born in New Preston, Con- necticut, February 16, 1839, and was educated at North- ville Academy and at the Gunnery, Washington, Connect- icut. He entered the marble business with his father and brother at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., in 1866, subsequently studied art in Paris at different times for about six years, between 1886-96; had a studio in Florence, Italy, 1903-5 and 1907-9. d'he following public monuments and statues are to his credit: Soldiers’ and Sailors’ monument, and statue of Col. Chatheld, Waterbury, Connecticut; statue of Gen. Horatio Gates on Saratoga Battle Monument; Chancellor John Watts and Col. Abraham de Peyster, New York; Abraham Fincoln, Edinburgh, Scotland; relief. Burns and Highland Mary, Ayr, Scotland; Chancellor James Kent, Congressional Fibrary; President Arthur, New York; Fycurgus, Appellate Court, New York; group “The Navy,’’ Colonnade Navy Arch, New York; Statue “Hospitality,’’ Buffalo Exposition, 1901; bronze statues of xAdmiral Farragut and Gen. Sherman; groups “Science and Music,’’ St. Fouis Exposition, 1904; statue of Fincoln, Clermont, Iowa; marble bust and bronze statuette in Metropolitan Museum, New York. Member National Sculpture Society. Mr. Bissell died at his home. Mount \’ernon. New York, August 30, 1920. 191 192 AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF JOHN J. BOYLE In the parish of St. Stephen’s Catholic Church I was christened a few days after my birth in New York City, about the middle of January, in the early fifties. My father decided to come to Philadelphia, where two of his brothers lived, one an apprentice. At the age of twenty-one I went in for stone-carving. In the meanwhile I spent some time at drawing school, endeav- oring to model, and studying with Mr. Eakins and Mr. Bailey at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. Having saved enough to take me to Paris, I entered the Ecole des Beaux xA.rts, spending three years there. I made rapid progress, receiving a medal before the end of the second year, and at all times great encouragement from the professors. At the Salon of 1879 I exhibited a bronze bust, and, be- sides other work, executed two portraits for Baltimore. In the spring of 1880 I received a commission for the group called, “An Indian Family,” and spent two months among the Indians who were to be represented. When “An Indian F'amily” was exhibited in Philadel- phia, where it was executed, its excellence impressed many, and a feeling prevailed that the Fairmount Park Art Associa- tion should have a similar group executed for the Association, and to that end they gave me a commission. This group, “The Stone Age,” was begun in Paris in the summer of 1884, exhibited in plaster at the Salon of 1886, receiving a Mention Honorable. During the summer of 1886 I visited Switzerland and spent eight months in Italy. In 1891 I was asked to go to Chicago and in the spirit in which it was proposed, decided to participate in the great work there. During the years 1894 to 1895 1 finished two statues for the Congressional Library at Washington, those of Sir Francis Bacon and Plato, and, as every artist would feel, was justly proud of the honor conferred upon me by the government. During this time three heroic busts, one for the University of Pennsylvania, one for Bryn Mawr College, and one for the First Unitarian Church, were executed, as were also two portraits for the Hahnemann Hospital and for the Penn Charter School. 193 AUGUSTE CAIN 194 AUGUSTK NICOr.AS CAIN Auguste Nicolas Cain closed on August 7, 1894, in his seventy-second year, a long artistic career extending over hlty years, every one of which saw the production of some animal sculpture, which attracted the public taste and lent itself to reproduction. 4'he pupil of Rude and Guionnet, he caught from the former the gleams of dramatic intensity he often threw into the combats of the forest and the tragedies of the field, and he gained from the latter his predilection for animal models; but his real master and true teacher was Barye, and, while Cain’s clever modeling never rose to Barye’s heroic level, his animal genre was accurate, artistic and inter- esting. Born in Paris, November 16, 1822, one of the few French artists to see the light in the capital, he was twenty- four when he modeled his “Warblers Defending Their Nest Against a Dormouse.” He succeeded this by a comic, “Frogs Selecting a King,” and in 1851 he won his first medal in the third class. This was repeated in 1863 and 1864; at the Ex- position, in 1867, he had another third class medal, a second class in 1878, and he was made chevalier of the Legion of Honor in 1869, and fourteen years later officer. As his work became better known, he received com- missions for works in connection with the improvements in progress under the F.mpire about the Louvre and the Tuileries. H is “Falcon and Pheasant,” 1859, bas-reliefs, ornamented the Louvre; his “Lioness,” 1868, the Tuileries, and his “Eagle Defending His Prey” had previously been placed in the Garden of Plants, being an enlargement of an earlier work. From this time he began producing works on a larger scale. In 1870, a “Tiger and Crocodile;” in 1876, the “Tiger’s Family,” both bronzes, in the Garden of the Tuileries, opposite the Rue de Castiglione; in 1882, a “Lion and Idoness;” in 1884, a “Rhinoceros Attacked by a Tiger,” and in 1886, a “Lioness h'eeding Her Young,” in plaster. The following year he modeled a group of wild dogs for the Elysee. He exhibited a “Lion and Crocodile” in plaster, and he modeled two lions on the gate of the Hotel de ^411e, on the side towards the Place Lobau. Besides his work bought by the Fairmount Park Art Association, a “Tigress” is in Central Park, New York; and copies of his “Vulture and Bear,” “Lion and Crocodile,” and “Tiger Attacking a Rhinoceros,” were ex- hibited at Chicago. 195 ALEXANDER MILNE CALDER 196 AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF ALEXANDER MILNE CALDER I was born in Aberdeen, Scotland, in 1846. My first work was among plants and fiowers, and, seeing a portrait modeled by Brodie, a Scottish sculptor, I went to work in stone, and, in 1864, removed to Edinburgh, to be under the late John Rhind, R. S. A., and became a pupil at the Academy’s Schools. Alter three years I went to London and Paris and, returning to the former city, was engaged on the Albert Memorial, Hyde Park, for a year. In 1868 I came to Phila- delphia and became a pupil at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. While modeling for a number of the lead- ing architects of Philadelphia and New York during the next three years, I became a citizen, and, with the exception of a season in New York, have resided in Philadelphia ever since. In 1872 was engaged by the late John McArthur, archi- tect, to design and model groups lor the new City Hall. At the Centennial Exhibition, in 1876, I was represented by several figures and a carved panel in stone — birds attacked by a snake — now in the Drexel Institute. In that year, also, the new schools of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts were opened and I became a regular student, devoting all my spare time there lor the lollowing seven years. In 1877 I removed to a studio in the City Hall, making many designs, historical, allegorical and emblematic, including statues, reliefs, etc., for it, and in 1881 entered into competition for the equestrian statue of Cieneral George Gordon Meade, gaining the prize in competition with seventeen other sketches. Since 1887 my work has mainly been colossal, including the statue of William Penn and groups for the City Hall tower, but I have occasionally made and exhibited several portrait busts and figures, including those of Samuel C. Per- kins, General George Gordon Meade and Dr. H. Earnest Goodman for The Union League and the portrait memorials, also in bronze, of the Hon. George Sharswood, the late Chief Justice of Pennsylvania, and of the late John McArthur, architect, and, while occupied with the largest piece, also had the smallest of my work in hand, the PYrdinand I). Hayden Memorial Geological P"und Medal, for the Academy of Natural Sciences. 197 A. STIRLING CALDER— 198 AI.KXANDKR STIRLING CALDER Alexander Stirling Calder, son ot x‘\lexander Milne Calder, was born in Philadelphia in 1870, receiving his early education in the public schools and his earliest art training at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. His first commission, a statue of Dr. Samuel Gross, was won in 1895, whereupon he returned to Paris to execute it, having studied there a few years previously under the sculptors, Chapu and Falguiere. Two more years found him again in Philadelphia where he is at present represented by The marble Sun-Dial in Fairmount Park Tribute to a Cellist (Hennig), Academy of Music Man-Cub, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts The Lea Klemorial, West Laurel Hill and several private works. Across the Delaware in Camden is a remarkable Celtic Cross with original figure decoration, marking the grave of (ien. William Joyce Sewell with bronze grave markers for those of the family dead. I'he model of this cross, when exhibited at the 100th anniversary exhibition of the P. A. F. A., was acclaimed for its beauty and originality. In 1912, Calder was appointed Acting Chief of the Depart- ment of Sculpture by the Panama-Pacific International Ex- hibition Company and, having with the late Karl Bitter and the group of architects perfected plans, he removed to San Francisco for the years 1913-1915. His contribution to the ensemble included the Fountain of Energy, the composition of the groups of the “Nations of the East” and the “Nations of the West,” the Star Finial, the general design of the Column of Progress, and many other details, as well as the general supervision of the enlargement of the sculpture for the build- ings and grounds. Returning to New York in 1915 he executed the marble group representing Washington as first President of the L^nited States for the western pier of the Arch in Washington Square, the Depew Memorial Fountain for Indianapolis, a composi- tion containing nine bronze figures, and the sculptural decorations for “The Island,” a unique feature on the estate of James Deering, Esq., in Miami, Florida. 199 KATHKRINE M. COHE\ —Sculptress 200 KATHERINE M. COHEN Katherine Myrtilla Cohen was born in Philadelphia, March 18, 1859. As an artist she ranked high and her studios in her native city, in Paris and in Florence, Italy, were meeting places tor men and women who were prominent in art circles. She began to study art seriously when sixteen years of age, although when much younger she had a taste for drawing, and while attending Miss Dickson’s school she was taught this branch by Miss Katherine Drinker, afterward Mrs. I'homas Janvier. At the School ol Design for Women, the first regular art school she attended, she studied under Miss Croasdale, Emily \’on Trump and Peter Moran. Thence to the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, under Thomas Eakins, and to the School of Industrial Art, under John J. Boyle, whom she considered her real teacher in sculpture. Miss Cohen studied the various kinds of art. Besides modeling, she worked considerably in water colors, in which she was instructed for a season bv William E Whitte- more, a New York artist, also in a life class at the Art Teague in New York, under Augustus Saint-Gaudens. She traveled abroad in 1887 and entered the Julien studio in Paris, having previouslv' studied in Philadelphia artistic anatomy under Dr. W. \y. Keen. The group ol Rabbi Ben Ezra, which Miss Cohen did in 1887, was exhibited in Philadelphia and New York academies. .Among works Miss Cohen exhibited were: “A Moorland Princess” and “Mistress Dorothy,” owned by the Hon. H. Fitler; Hon. Mayer Sulzberger, owned by the Jewish Hospital; Cecilia Beaux; Henry Souther and Captain Snow; bas-relief portraits of Carlton T. Chapman, Colin S. Cohen, Mrs. Semple, Dr. Y’alter M. James, Miss Strater and Mrs. Mary Burnham; decorative modeling in bas-relief, bronze of Eincoln, “Dawn of Thought,” “\dsion of Rabbi Ben Ezra Expounding the Eaw, ” the seal of Gratz College, a portrait of Mrs. Roher, a bust of Dr. William Thomson, now in the building of the College of Physicians, and that of General Beaver, a former Governor of Pennsylvania, placed on the monumental Memo- rial in West Fairmount Park. Miss Cohen died in Philadelphia, December 14, 1914. 201 CYRUS EDWIN DALLIN Sculptor of the “Medicine Man." 202 CYRUS KDWIN DALLIN Cyrus Edwin Dallin was born at Springville, Utah, November 22, 1861. In the Spring of 1879 he went to work at one of his father’s mines. One day the miners struck a bed of soft white clay, in which he fashioned two life-size heads that attracted such favorable attention at a fair at Salt Lake City, to which they were sent by his admiring friends, that, through the liberality of Mr. joab Lawrence, means were soon found for sending young Dallin to Boston, where he entered, in the spring of 1880, the studio of Truman H. Bartlett. In the fall of 1882 he opened a studio in Boston and produced “The Indian Hunter,’’ which was awarded a gold medal by the .American .Art .Association, New ATrk, 1888, “.An Indian Chief,’’ “.A Cowboy,’’ “.A (ireaser, ’’ and his first design for the equestrian statue of Paul Revere. In 1888 he went to Paris where he worked under Chapu, and sent to the Salon of 1890 his life-size Indian equestrian statue of “d'he Signal of Peace,’’ which was presented to the city of Chicago by Judge Lambert 'Free. It stands in Lincoln Park, where it was unveiled in 1894. Other works executed by Mr. Dallin are the statue of John Hancock, for Boston, an equestrian statue of Lafayette, exhibited in Paris in 1889, and equestrian statues of (ieneral Sherman and (leneral Reynolds. .After his return to .America, he spent three years in his native State, Utah, where he modeled the angel in gilded bronze which surmounts the spire of the Mormon Temple. .After teaching a year at the Drexel Institute in Phila- delphia, during which period he also modeled the statue of Sir Isaac Newton for the Congressional Library at Washing- ton, Mr. Dallin spent three more years in Paris (1896-99), where he exhibited his “.Apollo and Hyacinthus’’ in the Salon of 1897, his bronze equestrian“ DonQuixote’’ in 1898, and the “ Medicine Man,’’ in 1899. He received silver medals at the Paris Exposition of 1900, where the “Medicine Man’’ was accorded an important position, and at the Pan-.American Exposition at Buffalo, 1901. In addition to the plaster cast of the “Medicine Man,’’ he was represented at the St. Louis World’s Eair by a standing figure of Pere Marquette and by a heroic Indian group, “4'he Protest of the Sioux.’’ 203 204 FRANK KDVVIN KLWELL Frank Edwin Elwell was horn at Concord, Massachusetts, on the 15th day of June, 1858. His great grandfather was in the first battle at Concord, April 19, 1775, and his great uncle on the Bruce side was at Bunker Hill. Mr. Elwell’s early life was spent in the town of his birth, with his grandfather, who was the friend of Mr. Emerson, Mr. Channing, Mr. Alcott and Thoreau. Eater, Mr. Elwell became a friend of Miss Eouisa M. Alcott, and remained in close friendship with her until her death. Miss Alcott took the place of a mother, as his own died when he was about four years old. Eater on Mr. Elwell worked under Mr. Daniel C. French, a neighbor, and then decided to go to Paris. Mr. Eevi P. Morton, former \hce-President of the L^nited States, was influ- ential in assisting him to enter the Ecole des Beaux .Arts, where he became \hce- President of his class and a private pupil of the renowned Jean Alexandre Joseph Falguiere. On his return to America he made the statue of the “Dying Eion ” for Edam, Holland, the “Fountain of Aphro- dite,” the “Magdalene,” and the bust of Mr. Levi P. Morton for the Senate Chamber at Washington. The group of Dick- ens and Little Nell was modeled at the same time that the statue of “Diana and the Lion” was made. Both took medals at the Chicago Exhibition in 1893, where the group of “Dickens and Little Nell” was accorded a place of honor in the American section of the scidpture department in the Kne .Arts Building. I'he statue of “Diana and the Eion” was placed in the rotunda of this same building and is now in the gallery of Modern Masters, in the .Art Institute of Chicago. While in Belgium Mr. Elwell made the bronze statue of “.Aqua ^’iva, ’’exhibited at the Paris Salon and Royal .Academy, London, and now the property of the Metropolitan Museum of .Art in New A'ork. The most interesting of his bas-reliefs are “Saint \derge,” the portrait of Edwin Booth on his tomb at Mount .Auburn and the “ATung Cleopatra,” made in Paris. His most important work is the equestrian statue of General Winfield Scott Hancock, on the battlefield of Gettys- burg, Pennsylvania. Of all that has come from the hand of this artist there is 205 nothing that has received such universal expression of love as the statue of “Dickens and Little Nell.’’ When the Little Nell was in clay there came a period when it was impossible to go on, the right kind of a face had not been found from which to draw inspiration to finish the work; day after day went by and there seemed to be little advance made. One evening Mr. Elwell was invited to a concert where the music was delightful. As the second part was beginning, Mr. Elwell turned and before him saw the Little Nell of his dreams; gazing long at the charming little girl, he rose and stated to her father that he was making a statue of “Dickens and Little Nell’’ and that his daughter was the very ideal he had in mind. A few moments later he was at his studio, and worked on into the night, until he had reproduced the spirit of the face he saw at the concert. M’hen “Little Nell’’ was exhibited at the Art Club of Philadelphia, it was given a gold medal, the second that had been awarded by the Club. I.ater Mr. Elwell went to Paris to continue his study and take up his favorite line of work, that of the Egyptian School of Sculpture. The statue of the “Awakening of Egypt,’’ that was exhibited at the Salon du Champs Elysees and was bought by a French gentleman residing in Paris, was made five times over before there could be reached in any degree the grandeur and subtlety of the Egyptian School. His “Priestess of Isis’’ was sold in New York by Theodore H. Starr and is considered a remarkable statue. 206 207 SIR MOSES EZEKIEL Moses Ezekiel was born in Richmond, \drginia, October 28, 1844, and died in Rome, Italy, March 27, 1917. When a boy of ten he began cutting out little figures for shadow pictures and at fourteen he was devoting his out- of-school hours to drawing, painting and writing poetry. At the breaking out of the Civil War he entered the \’irginia Military Institute and participated in the Cadets’ defense of Newmarket. He was graduated from the Academy in 1866 and studied anatomy in the Medical College of \4r- ginia. In 1869 he went to Berlin and studied at the Royal Academy of Art under Professor Albert Wolff. He was admitted into the Society of Artists of Berlin on the merits of his colossal bust of Washington and was the first foreigner to win the prize of Rome. This was in 1873. These were lean years for the struggling young artist and he supplemented his income by acting as correspondent in the Franco-Prussian War. He was arrested and imprisoned for a time as a French spy. When liberated he returned to Berlin and from that time on his life became one of success. He went to Italy in 1874 and lived there until his death. The sculptor occupied a magnificent studio in the Baths of Diocletian and his palace, which was stored with articles of art, was one of the show places of the Eternal City. One of his earliest acquaintances was Cardinal Hohenlohe, of Ger- many, and through him he met Franz Liszt, the composer, of whom he became a pupil. He made a bronze bust of Liszt for the Cardinal. For the Grand Duke of Saxe-Meiningen he made copies of his busts of Liszt and Hohenlohe. For these he received two royal decorations giving him the standing of a knight. His first important work was “Religious Liberty,” a marble group shown at the Centennial Exposition and later placed in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia. Another monu- ment to his art is “\irginia Mourning Her Dead,” for the \’irginia Military Institute, Lexington. Among the many examples of his work in this country are the bust of Washington in the Cincinnati Art Museum,* “The Sailor Boy,” “Grace Darling,” and “Mercury,” owned by Mrs. Hannah E. Workman, of Cincinnati; the statues of Phidias, Raphael, Diirer, Angelo, Titian, Murillo, Da \dnci, 208 Correggio, \"an Dvke, Canova, and d'homas Crawford, the designer of the Washington Monument, which adorn the Corcoran Art (lallery in \^'ashington, D. C.; the bronze bust of Robert E. Lee, H. C. Ezekiel of Cincinnati, bas-reliefs of “Pan” and “Amor” for Mrs. Charles Eleischmann, of Cincin- nati; marble torso “Judith” for Mrs. Bellamy Storer; marble bust of “Christ” for J. N. McKay, of Baltimore, bronze bust of (ieneral Hotchkins in the Navy Yard at Washington, marble statue “Lee a Boy” for the village of Y'estmoreland; a monument to Jesse Seligman at the Jewish Orphan Asylum, New d'ork; a colossal statue of Columbus, Columbus Memorial Building, Chicago; heroic bronze monument to d'homas Jefferson at Louisville; and “ I'he Outlook” for the Confederate Cemetery at Johnson’s Island, Ohio. He also executed the Eountain of Neptune for the City of Netturno, Italy, and the bust of (jovernor Curtin for the Monumental Memorial in Eairmount Park. Sir xMoses Ezekiel was decorated by a former (lerinan Emperor with the Cross of Merit and Art, and by the late King Humbert and the present King \dctor Emmanuel. On a visit paid by the sculptor to America in 1910, he was present at the unveiling of three statues he had executed, one a bronze of Stonewall Jackson for Charlestown, West \drginia, another of Jefferson for the University of \drginia, and another to the memory of Confederate prisoners who died on Johnson’s Island, Ohio. His most important work in Philadelphia is the starue of the late Anthony J. Drexel in h'airmount Park, the gift of John H. Harjes, of Paris. In the year 1911 Ezekiel spent several weeks in Phila- delphia as the guest of friends and attended a reception given by the Musical Art Club in his honor. d"he last visit of the sculptor to Philadelphia was in 1913, when he came to this country to attend the unveiling of his monument to the Confederate dead in Arlington Cemetery, at which President Wilson made the chief address. A noted Roman citizen wrote “The death today of Moses Ezekiel, the distinguished and greatly beloved /\merican sculptor, who had lived in Rome for more than forty years, caused universal regret here. His death occurred in his unique apartment, artistically arranged by him in the Tower of Belisarius on the ancient walls of Rome.” His last work, a statue of Poe, was erected in Baltimore. 209 EMMANUEL EREMIET 210 AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF EMMANUKI. FRlhllKT Tra)islated by Chevalier Louis Fossion, French Cofisiil at Philadelphia I was horn at Paris, the 15th of December, 1824. 4'he beginning of my life was spent in great poverty; but, as metal is tried by hre, so do the artists find generally their talent, if possessing any, tested by the intensity of the hardships and difficulties they have to encounter; and for such severe testing as 1 have experienced I am to-day most grateful. I was a nephew of the celebrated sculptor. Rude, the author of the bas-reliefs of the Arc de Triomphe at Paris, in whose atelier I studied for several years. My first appearance at the Salon de Paris dates from 1843 and since I have exhibited yearly, almost without inter- ruption. My principal works have been the following: Salon of 1843, “A Gazelle, ” study in plaster; 1847, “A Dromedary;” in 1850, ‘‘A ^^ounded Hunting Dog,” in 1853, “The Horse of Montfaucon,” which was bought by the French Government; at the Universal Exposition of 1855, five statuettes: “Cara- binier, ” “Gunner on Horseback,” ‘ \'oltigeur, ” “Gendarme on Horseback,” and “Brigadier des Guides” — forming part of a collection ordered by Napoleon III and completed in 1859 by ‘ Cent-Garde, ” — “Gunner of the (luard,” “Zouave of the Guard,” “Miner,” and “A Trooper’s Horse;” at the Ihi versal Exposition of 1867, “A Roman Cavalier,” “Napo- leon I,” bronze equestrian statue for the castle of Pierrefonds; “Joan of Arc,” a plaster statue different from the equestrian one of the same heroine erected in 1874 on the Place des Pyra- mides at Paris; then later on, “St. Gregory of Tours,” marble statue for the Pantheon; “The Great Conde,” equestrian statue in bronze; “Stephen, the Great,” for the city of Jassy, Roumania; in 1882, “Porte-Ealot on Horseback,” for the Hotel de \dlle, of Paris; in 1883, “Charles for the National Eibrary of France; in 1885, “Race Horses,” bronze groups; in 1888, an “Equestrian Statue of St. Eouis,” and “E’lncroy- able,” a bronze statuette; and a “Statue of \’elasquez;” “Don- keys of Cairo;” bronze “Statue of St. George,” and others. When Barye, thegreatsculptor,died, I had the honor to suc- ceed him as professor of design at the Aluseum of Natural History. 211 DANIEL CHESTER ERENCH Daniel Chester French was horn in Exeter, New Hamp- shire, in 1850, and, in 1867, settled in Concord, where the family homestead still remains. Nir. French’s paternal grandfather, Daniel French, was Attorney General of New Hampshire and his maternal grand- father, William M. Richardson, Chief Justice of the same State. His grandmother, Sarah Flagg French, was a con- nection of Daniel Webster, while his great-grandmother, D( >rothy Whittier, was related to the poet Whittier. After a year of study in the Institute of Technology in Boston and a period of work on his father’s farm, Mr. PTench found his true vocation. M'hen eighteen years of age, coming from his room one day with a grotesque figure of a frog in clothes, carved from a turnip, his step-mother exclaimed, “Daniel, there is your career!’’ And from his thoughtful father came appreciative encouragement. ^ oung P'rench’s career then chosen was entered upon with a quiet hut steady enthusiasm. From May Alcott (the Amy of “Little ^^’omen’’), then a teacher of drawing in Boston, he borrowed modeling tools and made some excellent groups of dogs, birds, and other animals. As at that time there were no schools of art in Boston, young French attended Dr. Rimmer’s Artistic Anatomy Classes for some time, and when, sidisequently, he visited relatives in Brooklyn, he had the privilege of working for a month in the studio of J. Q. A. \\'ard, the distinguished sculptor. On April 19, 1875, his first important work, “The Minute Man,’’ was unveiled at Concord, on which historic occasion Ralph Waldo Emerson, James Russell Lowell, and George William Curtis delivered addresses, and the artist’s reputation became a national one. After a year of study at Elorence, Italy, with his friend, Preston Powers, under the instruction of the American sculptor, Thomas Ball (who made the impos- ing statue of Washington for the Boston Public Garden), he made the beautiful ideal figure of the “Sleeping Endymion,’’ completed in 1876, which long adorned his Concord studio. Upon his return to this country, through the influence of his father, Henry Hagg P'rench, then Assistant Secretary of the United States Treasury, he received commissions from the Supervising Architect’s Office and for some years was largely 213 occupied upon colossal ideal figures for government buildings in St. Louis, Philadelphia, and Boston The relief of “Death and the Sculptor’’ — a monument to his brother scidptor, Martin Milmore — stands in Forest Hills Cemetery, Boston, completed in 1882, and has been likened to the famous Parthenon sculptures for beauty of ideal and exe- cution. d'he bronze group of “Dr. Gallaudet’’ was erected in 1889, at the Columbian Institution for Deaf Mutes, in Wash- ington, D. C. In this group the instructor. Dr. Gallaudet, is seated in an arm-chair, with Alice Cogswell, his first pupil, standing closely by his side, his left arm about her. Her head is leaning upon his shoulder, and her face, with an eager, questioning glance, is regarding his own, while she is trying to reproduce with one of her hands the signs made by the right hand of her teacher, d'he other hand of the beautiful child clasps an open book, with raised letters. Her startled look is met by an encouraging smile on the face of her teacher, while both their faces indicate that she has caught the idea of which the sign is a symbol; the successful idealization in this work has probably done more than any other to establish his fame. In 1879 the bust of Ralph Waldo Emerson was executed for Harvard Memorial Hall, a replica of which is in the Piddic Library of Concord, as also a bust of A. Bronson Alcott in the latter building, d'he relief of “ Death and the Sculptor,’’ for which Mr. French received a gold metlal from the Paris Salon, though cast in bronze, was made in New ’^’ork, and is probably the only work of art executed in the United States upon which this medal has been bestowed. Mr. French created the monument to the architect, the late Richard M. Hunt, in which work Mr. Bruce Price was his architectural collaborator, d'his is placed in the wall of Central Park, New York, on Fifth Avenue, facing F.ighty- hrst street. His recent work, completed in 1897, includes the statue of “History’’ and the heroic statue of “Herodotus’’ for the Con- gressional Library at Washington. In 1898 was finished a full length statue of Rufus Choate, for the city of Boston; also a commission for three pairs of bronze doors for the new l^ublic Library of Boston. In August, 1896, there was dedicated in Boston a monu- ment from Mr. French’s hand to John Boyle O’Reilly, the 214 distinguished poet, journalist, orator, and patriot. This group, like the Milmore monument, marks an era in American monumental work, bringing to the front an inspiring com- bination of reality and symbolism typical of those commemo- rated. d'he World’s Fair at Chicago, in 1893, brought to Mr. hVench, as to others, the heroic opportunity, and his response was the statue of Columbus, and that ot “The Republic,’’ for the Court ot Honor. This type ot modern American woman- hood, always individually and uniquely rendered by Mr. French, was tully realized in this majestic statue ot “The Republic,’’ which stood in the main lagoon, tacing the Peristyle. The colossal figure ot Major-Cieneral (ieorge (jordan Meade in bronze is one ot the outstanding attractions on the Monumental Memorial in West Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, completed in the year 1912. Some twenty years ago a biographer wrote “The artistic career ot Mr. French, which is allied to that of a noble group ot artists in the Fast and in the West, is instructive, and affords grounds tor national as well as individual encourage- ment. It leads to the hope that our country is developing a school ot art and artists which, while not too independent to learn what can be and should be learned from other nation- alities, will still be originally and distinctively American.’’ 215 216 CHART. ES GRAFLY Charles Grafly, sculptor, was horn in Philadelphia, December 3, 1862; son of Charles and hdizabeth (Simmons) Grafly; pupil Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and Chapu and Dampt, Paris; married Frances Sekeles, of Corinth, Miss., June 7, 1895. Honorable mention Salon of 1891; Temple Trust Fund, Philadelphia, 1892; medal Chicago Exposition, 1893; silver medal Atlanta Exposition, 1895; Converse gold medal, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 1899; gold medal Paris Exposition, 19()0, Charleston Exposition, 1901, Buffalo Exposition, 1901; member of Inter- national Jury of Awards, St. Louis Exposition, 1904; in- structor of sculpture, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts since 1892. Represented in permanent collections of Penn- sylvania .Academy of the Fine Arts, Detroit Art Museum, St. Louis Museum, Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh, Boston Mu- seum. Member Municipal .Art Jury, Philadelphia; N. .A., 1906; member National Institute of .Arts and Letters, National Sculpture Society, Architectural League, Philadelphia .Art Club. .Much notable work in busts, life size and colossal figures and portraits, and ideal figures and groups, largely in bronze, (leorge D. Widener gold medal, 1913. .Member of the Inter- national Jury of .Awards, Panama Exposition, 1915. Instruc- tor in the School of Boston Museum of Fine .Arts since 1917. 217 218 KINAR jONSSON Einar Jonsson was horn near Reykjavik, the capital town of Iceland. His father was a peasant and Einar when a lad tended his father’s flock, as in Biblical times. lEit the hoy’s greatest pleasure was to carve figures out of wood and bone, showing the latent genius of which he was possessed. As the lad reached maturity, he was eager to study art and his parents were finally induced (through the influence of a visitor who realized the possibilities of such a course) to send their son to Copenhagen, where he spent two years in the Royal Academy, thence to Rome, where he acquired a thorough knowledge of anatomy and other branches of his chosen profession. \\'ith an inclination to the antique, he soon commanded attention, receiving many commissions in his home in Iceland. When the W’orld War occurred, Einar Jonsson was en- gaged on several important commissions for continental patrons, all of which were necessarily cancelled, and it was at this moment that j. Bunford Samuel learned of this sculptor’s ability and familiarity with the theme desired to be incorpo- rated in the first of the statues to be erected in accortlancc with the will of his wife, Ellen Phillips Samuel, deceased. Mr. Samuel in a most generous spirit decided to present this first statue at his own expense, although the bequest of his wife would not be operative until after his own death. Einar Jonsson with his wife, whom he had recently wedded, were brought from Iceland to Philadelphia as Mr. Samuel’s guests. Here Jonsson motieled in full size and had cast in bronze his statue of Thorfinn Karlsefni, the Scandinavian explorer, who had visited the shores of America as early as 1004, landing apparently in the vicinity of \ ineyard Haven on the Massachusetts coast, a most fitting beginning to the splendid scheme to follow in succeeding years. 219 EDWARD KEMEYS— ^f«/p/or I I 220 KDVVARD KKMiaS Mr. Kemeys was horn in Savannah, (leorgia. His ances- tors had resided in this country for generations and were of Welsh descent. He was educated in New York, served in the United States Army through the Civil Y’ar and was a captain of artillery at its close. Later he was attached t(j the engineer corps in Central Park, New York. He began the study of modeling in 1871. Y’ithin a year his group of “Hudson Bay Wolves’’ was discov^ered by the Fairmount Park Art Association and cast in bronze. In 1877 he went abroad, exhibiting his group, “Buffalo and Wolves,’’ in the Paris Salon 1878 and in London. His “Still Hunt,’’ in bronze, was placed in Central Park in 1883; “Buffalo Heads,’’ New ^’ork Produce Exchange, soon after, and “Buffalo Heads,’’ New Omaha Bridge, 1886. Mr. Kemeys modeled numerous animals for bridges over the lagoons of the Columbian Ex- hibition of 1893 and the famous colossal lions in front of the Chicago .Art Institute, 1895; also Heads of Indians, French (lovernors and Coureur du Bois for the Marquette Building, Chicago. 221 ALBERT LAESSLE-/or I 222 ALBERT LAESSLE Albert I.aessle, sculptor, born in Philadelphia March 28, 1877, son of Henry Christian and Caroline Louise (Metzger) Laessle, graduate Spring (harden Institute, Philadelphia, 1896, Drexel Institute 1897, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 1901, studied with Charles Grafly, Philadelphia, and with Michel Bequine, Paris, 1904-7; married Mary Prudden Middleton, of Philadelphia, June 7, 1905. Awarded Steward- son prize 1902, Cresson traveling scholarship, 1904-7 (both lAnnsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts); bronze medal Buenos Aires, 1910; gold medal, San Francisco Exposition, 1915; Fellowship prize, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 1915; first prize lor sculpture in “Americanization through Art” Exhibition, Philadelphia, 1916; George 1). Widener memorial gold medal, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 1918. Represented in permanent collections, Pennsylvania Academy at the Fine Arts, Philadelphia Art Club, Metropolitan Museum (Xew York); Carnegie Institute (Pittsburgh); Peabody Institute (Baltimore); the bronze “Billy,” Rittenhouse Square, Philadelphia, 1917. Member National Sculpture Society, I'he Xew Society of Artists (X"ew '\'ork); The Philadelphia .Art .Alliance; The Painters and Sculptors of .Animal Life (XTw A’ork); .Societe des .Amis de la Medaille d’.Art, Brussels, Belgium. 223 3T PAUL MANSHIP— I I i 1 i j 22-4 PAUL MANSHIP Paul Manship, sculptor; born, St. Paul, Minnesota, De- cember 24, 1886; studied, St. Paul Institute of Fine Arts, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia; awarded prize scholarship of American Academy in Rome, 1909-12; medals, Barnett prize, N. A. D. 1913; awards, W’idener Gold medal, P. A. F. A. 1914; Panama Pacific Exhibition (iold Medal, San Francisco 1915; societies. National Academy of Design; National Inst tute of Arts and Letters; National Sculpture Society; Architectural League of New 'i’ork; Century Association. Work represented in following museums. Metropolitan Museum of New York; Corcoran Art Gallery, Washington; Fairmount Park Art Associa- tion, Philadelphia; Art Institute of Chicago; City Art Museum, St. Louis; Minneapolis Institute of Art; Detroit Museum of Art; Fogg Museum of Harvard College; Smith College Museum; Cleveland Art Museum. 225 SAMUEL MURIL^Y 226 SAMUEL MURRAY Born in Philadelphia June, 1870. Studied under Thomas Eakins at the Art Students League, Philadelphia. Mention World’s Columbian Exposition, 1893. Silv^er ^Iedal St. Louis Exposition. Gold Medal Art Club, Philadelphia, 1894. Honorable Mention, 1897. Sculpture, Pennsylv^ania State Monument Gettysburg; Deshong Memorial Statue, Chester; Father Corby Statue, Xotre Dame Univ'ersity, Xotre Dame, Indiana; Barry Statue, Independence Square, Philadelphia; Leidy Statue, City Hall Square, Philadelphia; Decoration ol Witherspoon Building, Philadelphia, with ten colossal statues ol Prophets. 227 1 EDWARD C. POTTER Edward C. Potter was born November 26, 1857, at New London, Connecticut. At the age of seventeen he entered Williston Seminary, Easthampton, Massachusetts, remaining there four years, when he entered Amherst College in the class of 1882. .After his college life he began drawing at the Boston Art Museum, under Frederick Crowninshield and Otto Grundman, besides modeling with T. H. Bartlett. In 1886 he undertook sculpture seriously, studying with Daniel Chester French. A year later Mr. Potter went to Paris and studied under Mercier and Fremiet. During his stay of two years there, he exhibited at the Salon small groups of rabbits, the bust of a negro, and a sketch from an Indian group. A sleeping infant faun, with rabbit, which was executed at Paris, was sold to the Art Institute of Chicago, where it now is. In collaboration with Mr. French, Mr. Potter made the famous groups of horses and bulls for the Quadriga at the World’s Fair, Chicago, 1893. Since that time he has made two lions, hnials for the gate-posts at the entrance to Mr. C. P. Huntington’s residence. New York City; also a bust of the late Vice-President Wheeler, for the Senate Chamber, Washington; the statue of Robert Fulton, for the Congres- sional Library at Washington, and a portrait-statue of Austin Blair, for the State of Michigan; also the horse for the statue of George Washington for the city of Paris. In 1894 the Fairmount Park Art Association decided to give a commission for an equestrian statue of (jeneral Ulysses S. Grant and it was awarded to Daniel C. French, who ex- pressed a desire to have Mr. Potter model the horse and have his name appear upon the plinth. This request was acceded to by the Board of Trustees of the Association and the justice of this request has been fully realized by the result attained. 229 il 230 FRKDKRIC REMINGJ'ON Born October, 1861, in Canton, N. Y. He attended school in New England and studied art for a year in the Yale Art School, until his father. Col. S. P. Remington, died. He then gave up his studies and went to Montana in 1880 and followed varying fortunes in the various parts of the West until he burned to depict its picturesque features in paint and clay. He began as a correspondent for Harper s Weekly in the (leronimo campaign in Arizona and gradually worked into magazine illustration, doing President Roosevelt’s book on “Cow-Bov Idfe,” which ran in the Century. He was the first man to do horse-action as it really is, and was the subject of great controversy at the time. He was one of the first men to do “lost wax’’ bronze statuettes in America. “The Broncho Buster,’’ “The Old Dragoons,’’ “The Scalp,’’ “The Cheyenne,’’ “Cornin’ Thro’ the Rye’’ (a group of cow-boys which was put up in staff at St. Louis and Seattle), “The Rattlesnake,’’ “The Montana Man,’’ and others were his work. Some of these are in the Metropolitan Museum at New 'VYrk and the Corcoran (iallery at Y'ash- ington. 7’he Fairmount Park “Cow-Boy’’ is the only sculp- ture which he made in an out-of-door size, and represents a good type of the old Texas cow-boy, who came up over the trails with cattle in the early eighties on a small Spanish horse. The saddle, hat and other accoutrements are of that day and must not be confused with later things. These were the plainsmen who traveled by the stars. As an author, Mr. Remington produced such works as “Pony Travels,’’ “Crooked Trails,’’ “Men with the Bark On,’’ “Sun Down Leflare,’’ and others, and as a painter I.e made the whole field of the wild, free life of the plains ami foot-hills his own. No man of this generation, in any country or clime, has asserted with more authority the right of the artist to express himself and the emotions, with which the throbbing life of his own day inspires him, than Mr. Remington. None has owed less to the traditions of the schools or has been less overawed by academic conventions or the dictation of pretentious patronage. He has delivered his own personal message fear- lessly and distinctly and has struck one of the freshest and most vital notes that has yet been heard in American art. 231 J. MASSEY RHIND— j-fw/p/or 232 J. MASSKV RHIND J. Massey Rhind, second son of John Rhind, R.S.A,, a prominent Scotch sculptor, was born in Edinburgh in 1858. Alter several years’ apprenticeship with his father he went to London to continue his studies. He attended the Kensington -Art School and received as a prize a four-year scholarship in the Roval Academv: at the conclusion of his studies there he received a traveling scholarship of some three years to study in France and Italy. He came to America in 1889. Among his principal works are the H. H. Houston statue on the “ramble” and the heroic Indian on \\’issahickon Drive, Fair- mount Park; some of the decorations on the iVIonumental Memorial, Fairmount Park, and the statue of Stephen Ciirard, City Hall — all the above in Philadelphia — the fountain at Georgian Court, George Gould’s residence at Lakewood, N. J.; the decorations (jn the Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh; the tympana on the Agricidtural Building, Washington; the allegorical decorations on Gen. (irant’s Tomb, New York; the equestrian statue of (leorge Washington at Newark, N. J.; the decorations on the Memphis and Indianapolis Court- houses; the figures of “Minerva” and “Apollo” on the Butler Art Institute, Youngstown, Ohio; and the recently com- pleted heroic marble statue of the late President McKinley, for the McKinley National Birthplace Memorial at Niles, Ohio, for which he also executed portrait busts of members of McKinley’s cabinets. Mr. Rhind received a gold medal at the St. Louis Fair ami a silver one at the Buffalo Exposition. 233 234 AUGUSTUS SAINT GAUDENS Augustus Saint Gaudens was born in Dublin, Ireland, March 1, 1848, and was brought to the city of New York at the age of six months. His father was a Frenchman from the south of France, his mother being a native of Dublin, Ireland. Augustus attended public school in New York until he was thirteen years of age, at which time, evidencing a taste for artistic work, he was apprenticed to a stone cameo cut- ter, in which position he remained until his nineteenth year, in the meanwhile studying at the Cooper Institute and at the Academy of Design during the evening after business hours. In 1867, visiting Paris, he entered at the Beaux Arts, remaining under Joufbroy until the Franco-Prussian War, supporting himself in the meanwhile by the cutting of cameos. In 1870, visiting Rome, he remained there for three years, modeling “Hiawatha,” subsequently purchased by Governor Morgan. 4'he first important work he produced was the Admiral h'arragut, placed in Madison Square, New York, which for originality of conception and boldness of design, as well as artistic merit, takes the front rank among the artistic productions of the world. Among the most important works by St. Gaudens are the following: Reredos for St. Thomas’ Church, New York; tomb for Mrs. l.e Roy King in Newport, both in con- junction with Mr. La Farge; caryatides and portraits for the residence of Cornelius \"anderbilt. New York, and reliefs for the same building; statue of Robert Randall for the Sailors’ Snug Harbor; Abraham Lincoln, at Chicago; Angel with tablet, at Newport, for Mr. Smith; Puritan, at Spring- held, for Chester W. Chapin; monument for Mr. Hamilton Fish, at Garrisons-on-the-Hudson; monument over the grave of Mrs. Henry Adams, In Washington; a number of medallions and portrait memorials for churches and libraries; monument of Peter Cooper; equestrian monument in high relief to Colonel Robert Gould Shaw for Boston; equestrian statue of General Logan for Chicago; equestrian statue of General Sherman for New York; and monument to Phillips Brooks in Boston, and groups for the entrance to the Public Library of that city. The commission for the Garheld monument was given to Mr. St. Gaudens by the Board of Trustees of the Fairmount 235 Park Art Association, and after mature consideration the design adopted was that of a portrait bust in bronze with an allegorical figure supported by marble columns on a granite base. In conference with his architect, Mr. Stanford M'hite, a site on the East River Drive below (Erard Avenue bridge, nearly opposite to the Rond Point fountains, was selected. 'Phis was granted by the Commissioners of Fairmount Park and has been embellished with landscape gardening by the Commissioners, which has added greatly to the value of the l(K'ation. Between the pilasters of granite is the figure of a woman in bronze, of heroic size — typical of America— holding in her hand the sword and palm, symbolical of Garfield’s life, and bearing his name on the sh eld which she holds in front of her. Surmounting four square granite pilasters is the l^ust of Garfield in bronze, of heroic size. JAM ICS I'HOM James Thom was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1799. In his youth he was a stone mason but having taught himself sculpture he produced sandstone statues of “Tam O’Shanter’’ and others which obtained great popularity. He came to America in 1836 and died at New York in 1850. 236 MRS. BF.SSIF. POTTFR VONNOH Sculptress I'ORIRAlr: BV ROBKRT W. VO.NNOH HKSSIK IH)'rTKR VONNOH Bessie Potter \\)nnoh, sculptress, was horn in St. Louis, August 17, 1872; pupil Art Institute of Chicago; married Robert William Vonnoh, the distinguished portrait painter, Sep- tember 17, 1899. Bronze medal, Paris Exposition 1900; gold medal, St. Louis Exposition, 1904. Represented in Metropol- itan Museum of Art, .Art Institute (Chicago), Corcoran Art (iallery (Washington), Brooklyn Museum; xA. N. A., Bronze bust Major General S. . Crawford, Monumental Memorial, Eairmount Park, Philadelphia. 237 JOHN Q. A. WARD— Sculptor 238 J. Q, A. WARD The following extract has been taken by permission from “An Appreciation,” written for the National Sculpture Society by Adeline Adams, and the portrait of Mr. Ward is from the same source, courtesies which are fully appreciated. John Quincy Adams Ward was born in 1830, in Urbana, the county-seat of Champaign County, Ohio. His forbears were people of note and of hardy English stock In 1632 John Ward, of Norfolk, England, landed at Jamestown, \"ir- ginia, and established a plantation and subset]uently, attracted by the favorable conditions of the Northwest Territory, he became the owner of large tracts of land in what is now the state of Ohio. .American sculpture in Ward’s early days was unformed and it was not until the Centennial Exhibition of 1876 in Philadelphia, that the American with artistic inclination realized the possibilities of its development. Ward was fortunate in gaining a position in the studio of Henry Kirke Brown in the city of Brooklyn, where he began as a paying pupil, continued as a paid assistant, and emerged as a young sculptor well fitted to win his own way. In 1861 he opened a studio in New York, his time for several years being given to portrait busts, ornamental model- ing and especially his “Indian Hunter,” a notable work that brought him immediate recognition. In 1863 he became a member of the National Academy of Design and his fame grew apace. As President of the Sculpture Society he was associated with Saint-Ciaudens and \\’arner in giving advice as to the sculptural decorations for the Congressional Eibrary in Washington. The work is of a very high order and its completion gave a new and marvelous impetus both to our iiainting and to our sculpture. To-day the achievement of \\ ard speaks for itself; his life work has shown that he was of those who “follow the arts from nobleness of mind.” 239 AIJU^RT WILLIAM WOLFF Albert William \\'olff represented in (lerman sculpture the ebb of classical impulse, which Christian Rauch received from Canova and Thorwaldsen and imparted to all the prod- ucts of the (lerman school in the first hall ot the present century. Born November 11, 1814, at Neustrelitz, Mecklen- burg, three years after his greater master had ended his long struggle for recognition and assured his position by his recum- bent statue of Queen Louise, he was more fortunate in his early career and was only seventeen when he entered Rauch’s studio. In 1844 he went to Carrara to superintend the pro- duction in marble of his own works and those of his master, designing at this time the marble figures on the Orangery at Potsdam, whose production he shared with F.. Mayer. On his return he was elected, in 1849, a member of the Berlin Academy and in 1866 he reached the additional honor of a professorship, which he held until his death, June 20, 1892. His last work, “Dionysos and Eros,’’ being modeled four years before his death. Long-lived, like most German artists, his productive period extended over nearly half a century and it spanned the appearance of the modern school of sculpture, destined to make this century memorable. His work ran in these chan- nels: multifarious portraits, for the most part of royalty, classical subjects in the style originated by Canova and Thor- waldsen, and animal groups. To the public eye his most conspicuous work was the “Lion Tamer,’’ which stands on the left of the great staircase of the Old Museum in Berlin, having on the opposite side Kiss’ statue of an amazon on horseback attacked by a leopard. A replica of Wolff’s work has been cast in bronze, in Philadelphia, from the original plaster cast, which was purchased in Berlin by the Eairmount Park Art Association. 241 THE FAIRMOUNT PARKWAY An outline of the HISTORY OF THE FAIRMOUNT PARKWAY by Andrew Wright Crawford, George S. Webster and the late \\’illiani Perrine HK proposal for an adequate route from the heart of the city of Philadelphia to Fairmount Park was almost, if not actually, contemporaneous with the acquisition of the park. In 1871, the year of the found- ing of this Association, there appeared from the press of John Pennington and Son an unsigned pamphlet, entitled “Broad Street, Penn Square and the Park.” It contained a proposal for two approaches, one to the Fast Park and one to the W est Park. A well-drawn plan accompanied this suggestion. Callowhill Street was to be the approach to the \N’est Park, via the “\^’ire Bridge,” now the Spring (larden Street Bridge. The approach to the Fast Park was to be by a street, one block to the north of Callowhill Street, now called Willow .Street, but then called Pennsylvania Avenue. When this avenue reached 'rwenty-hrst Street, it turned northwestward, as Pennsylv^ania Avenue does now, and the “Main Fmtrance” was to be where the Cincinnati Monument to Washington now is. On the west side of Broad Street, between Pennsyl- vania Avenue and Callowhill Street, an open space was to be created with a fountain in the centre. Broad Street being widened on the western side to obtain room for it, and the corners of the block being rounded into two streets leading respectively to the east and west sides of the park. The pamphlet said: “It will be seen by looking at a map of the city that, if a straight line be drawn from the north side of Penn Square to a point a few yards to the eastward of the Girard Avenue Bridge, about one half of this line lies in the track of the Pennsylvania Avenue or Willow Street branch of the Reading Railroad.” 244 The author urged: “Already we have great avenues leading to the north and to the west and to the Fdysian Fields beyond Fairmount. Are they forever to be mere highways for the exclusive use of mule teams and freight cars ? Or are they to be planted with trees and woods and made as attractive as those of Paris? * * * If we desire to make of our city a great metropolis, to be visited and admired by strangers, a pride and a joy to ourselves, railroads and coal-cars must not always occupy the middle and both ends of the town. * * * If the great park, with which we have undertaken to adorn the city, is to be a place of general resort and to benefit all of our citizens, it must be brought within reach of all. It must be connected with Broad Street and with the centre of the city by as short a route as possible; and the avenues which lead to it must be made elegant ami attractive, in short, must be made part of the park.” \\T are indebted to Mr. John Ashhurst, Librarian of the Free Library of Philadelphia, for calling our attention to this interesting brochure, which, so far as we know, has the dis- tinction of being the first proposal for connecting the heart of the city with the park. The late William Perrine, the famous “Penn” of the F.vening Bulletin, who collaborated in this sketch, regarded the plan just referred to as having been prepared by John Pennington himself. d'he Centennial Exhibition of 1876 caused a new pride to be taken by the city in its big park and the new interest thus developed was a starting point for the Parkway promoters, among whom was Morton McMichael, then ^^ayor and President of the Fairmount Park Commission. Jn 1884 Mr. Charles K. Landis, the founder of \’ineland, N. J., presented another plan for the Parkway and we are indebted to his sister for the opportunity to reproduce it. It will be noted that its axis is almost precisely the axis of the present Parkway. The roadway was to be 150 feet wide with the tower of the City Hall as the terminus at the southeast end and a point some thirty or forty feet southwestward of its present northwest terminus at F'airmount was to be the other end of the axis. Mr. I.andis also proposed, it will be observed, that the Washington monument should be placed on the axis of the Parkway, near its northwest end, a proposal which is duplicated in the plan now in course of execution. Under the map Mr. Landis wrote: “.A convenient approach to the park is a necessity. Why not make it something worthy of the magnificent city of Philadelphia? “The best approach — the nearest from the centre — the most con- 245 venient to the largest population and in the end the most economical, can be made by cutting an avenue from the angle of the square, facing the Public Buildings, and running in a straight line to the corner of Fair- mount avenue and Biddle street, opposite Fairmount Park. This would atford a view of the Public Buildings at one end and Fairmount Park at the other. It would only be one mile long and strike the heart of the city. It would bring the park within easy walking distance. The avenue should be at least 150 feet wide. Buildings should be required to be set back at least 25 feet from the curb, which should be the sidewalk. There would be room for carriage ways and equestrian ways. It would cut the blocks diagonally, which affords a grand opportunity for architectural effects and for the erection of monuments, statuary and fountains. It will interfere with no important buildings. “This proposal was first published by me .April 29th, 1884, and may strike the mind as extravagant, but a little reflection will convince one that, on the contrary, it is economical — we must reflect that in a very few years this city which now has 1,000,000 of people will have 1,500,000 or 2,000,000. The increased value of property upon the avenue and vicinity would amount to more than the whole expense. This has been the ex- perience in Paris and other cities.’’ Either before or after Mr. Landis’s plan was presented, George Rogers, an editorial assistant to Mr. McMichael (son of the former Mayor) on the North American, took, up the cause of the Parkway. Rogers arouseci Mr. McMichael’s interest in Landis’s plan and advocated it openly, when the Society of the Cincinnati came forward with the proposal to erect the U’ashington Monument in Independence Square. Shortly after Mayor Stuart’s entrance into office, Mr. McMichael took up the project with the Mayor and persuaded him to include a recommendation in his message to Councils that the Parkway should be considered by that body. The Pennsylvania Railroad Company and the Inquirer gave hearty support to the plan, while it was opposed by other newspapers. .About the beginning of June, 1891, a meeting of prominent citizens was held, the project was endorsed and a petition was prepared and was signeci by about five hundred influential and respected citizens, who were said to represent upwards of two-thirds of the taxable property in the city. The peti- tion urged the advisability of providing a parkway. It called for “a suitable and handsome avenue,” one hundred and twenty-five feet wide, in direct line to the park, and it was presented in Common Council, on June 11, 1891, by Mr. Thomas L. Hicks of the 34th Ward. The petition was referred to the Committee on Surveys, sent to the Board of Surveyors and reported back in Sep- 246 Map of the Grand Avenue to the Park. Philadelphia. A CONVENIENT APPROACH TO THE PARK IS A NECESSITY. WHY NOT MAKE IT SOMETHING WORTHY OF THE MAGNIFICENT CITY OF PHILADELPHIA The best approach — the nearest from the centre — the most convenient to the largest population and in the end the most economical can be made by cutting an avenue from the angle of the square facing the Public Buildings, and running In a straight line to the comer of Fairmount avenue and Biddle street, opposite Fairmount Park. This would afford a view of the Public Buildings at one end and Fairmount Park at the other. It would only be one mile long, and strike the heart of the city. It would bring the Park within easy walking distance. The avenue should be at least 150 feet wide. Buildings should be required to be set back at least 25 f®®t from the curb, which should be the sidewalk. There would be room for carriage ways, and eques- trian ways. It would cut the blocks diagonally which affords a grand opportunity for architectural effects, and for the erection of monuments, statuary and fountains. It will interfere with no important buildings. This proposal was first published by me April 29th, 1884, and may strike the mind as exttavagant, but a little rellectioii will convince one that on the contrary, it is economical — we must reflect that in a very few years this city which now has 1,000, 000 of people will have 1,500,000 or 2,000,000, The ineteased value of property upon the avenue and vicinity would amount to more than the whole expense. This has been the experience in Paris and other Cities, Ol. -40 S X.OO'We'X BTSEBI. 3HT 10 (HT OT 20HWJIU8 OUaUI 3HT MOfll .gu &iht ^ vtaH feA 3J^ li , iT ti Sk . / ' ' ti • *1 • . V V • ».ri f.i; ■ . ' 4 r*'’ - V Y - ^ Ij •S. »!• - ’ •;-> H ! J - >ri'^ '♦• ■ * i' V /'ll #■ 1:31 'l.^- j: of :; *h 4 f ffJ “ L -.1 /''■/ -.. A. ' V I 4 t - f ■ , k » wi..^. Jl _! Y ') •• ^' A' ‘^^■- ^ • - JJ 'X vC« I > ■#'('. >4 I >.i r. .;c r 4 ^. F- "S' * - W f»v> -. F" I <»>| «-* > , r »* id fe* «*•<» r* T.-*. Lis' 'Vi: i tember, 1891, with a favorable recommendation, the Survey Committee reporting to Councils on October 1st. The ordinance was called up for consideration by Mr. Hicks on October 8th and put on the calender for the 22nd. On that date it was considered. The Board of 7>ade urged its passage. Mr. Smithers of the 29th Ward presented a resolution of the Single Tax Society, urging that the cost be assessed on the neighboring property. Thomas Meehan, of the 22nd Ward, objected to the avenue being placed on the city plan on the ground that it might delay the improvement of that section of the city. Consideration of the ordinance was postponed, but, on Mr. Hicks’s motion, a resolution was passed, requesting the Department ol Public Works to prepare plans and specifi- cations and estimates of the cost of opening an avenue one hundred and fifty feet wide, more or less. On February 25, 1892, the Mayor transmitted the report of Director James H. Windrim, recommending that the width of the avenue be made one hundred and sixty feet and presenting three separate plans and estimates. Plan No. 3, the one approved by the Select and Common Councils, provided for a direct route. The report was sent to the Survey Committee and the ordinance was reported back with a favorable recommendation on March 3, 1892. On the 17th of March, 1892, the bill came up for consideration on second reading. Two motions were made, one to postpone and the other indefinitely to post- pone, and were voted down. On motion the bill was then referred to the Finance Committee. On March 24th that Committee reported back the bill, when C. L. Brown asked for the approval of Plan No. 1. The bill then went over until the 29th, when, after another attempt to secure an in- definite postponement, it was passed by Common Council by 71 to 27. The next day Select Council passed it, 23 yeas and no nays. On April 12, 1892, Mayor Stuart approved the bill. On May 1, 1893, the Board of Surveyors confirmed the plan. On April 5, 1894, Hon. C. L. Brown introduced an ordinance to open the Park Boulevard from Nineteenth street to the north side of Biddle street. This was referred to the High- way Committee. On April 19, 1894, Mr. Seger introduced a bill to strike the Boulevard off the City Plan. This was referred to the Survey Committee, sent to the Board of Surveyors and 247 reported with a negative recommendation and on June 1, 1894, the Survey Committee asked to be discharged from its further consideration, Mr. Seger presenting a minority report. 'Fhe ordinance to open the Boulevard was taken up by the Committee on Highways and, on motion of Edward Patton, was referred to the Committee of the Second and 4'hird Districts. I'hat sub-committee reported it back with a favorable recommendation. In the general Committee the bill was amended to provide for the opening of the avenue for its full length and was reported on June 7, 1894, with a favorable recommendation. On June 14th the opening ordinance came up in Common Council. Mr. Meehan, of the 22nd \\'ard, wanted to postpone action upon it. Mr. \Valton, of the 27th Ward, added an amendment providing that no railroad should ever be con- structed thereon without the consent of the citizens. Mr. Hawkes, of the 20th Ward, wanted to postpone indefinitely and the debate lasted until the hour of adjournment. At the next meeting of Common Council, on June 19th, debate was resumed and again lasted until the hour of adjournment. On June 21st, the bill was again taken up and, after four hours’ discussion, was passed by a vote of 84 to 27. On June 22nd Select Council considered it and, after three hours’ debate, passed it by a vote of 20 to 13. But, to the surprise of the citizens, it was vetoed bv the Mavor. For a time the Parkway project was defeated. During Mayor Warwick’s administration a move was made to .secure for public use the block of ground bounded by Broad, Fif- teenth, .Arch and Filbert streets, Mr. James M. Beck pleading the “Necessity of a City Hall Plaza.’’ 'rhe next plan proposed was that of Mr. \\’illiam C. Huey, a member of Council, prepared by Messrs. .Schermer- horn and Reinhold, for a concourse two hundred and seventy- five feet wide from the north side of Carleton street to the .South side of Pearl street, extending from Broad street west- ward to Twenty-second street, where it turned northwestward, maintaining the same width, until it took the line of the Read- ing subway and reached the park by way of Pennsylvania avenue. A similar plan was later laid before Councils by .Alexander Crow, Jr., but no action was taken on either. On February 6, 1900, the Art Federation of Philadel- phia met at the house of .\lr. Daniel Baugh and invited dele- gates of various civic and art societies to meet at the Art 248 Club in April to consider a new Parkway project. This was the real beginning of the present Parkway, as this organiza- tion formed the Parkway Association and on motion of Mr. Beck approved a plan for a boulevard one hundred and sixty feet wide from the City Hall to Logan Square, and three hundred feet wide from Logan Square to the Park, with the suggestion of the location of the proposed Art Museum on the site ol the Fairmount Reservoir. In 1902 the Parkway Association, of which the late Mr. John H. Converse was President, issued a quarto pamphlet with illustrations of the proposed improvements in connection with the suggested Parkway, illustrating some of the prominent features of similar developments in leading cities of the world. 'Phe introductory plea by Mr. James M. Beck was a powerful argument for the adoption of the plan and its complete presen- tation by Mr. Albert Kelsey, the Secretary of the Parkway .Association, produced a marked effect on public opinion. Mr. Converse was supported by an Executive Committee of men of prominence, who united in urging the forwarding of the project, giving it all necessary financial assistance. On March 19, 1903, the City Councils passed an ordi- nance authorizing the placing “on the City Plan of an .Avenue or Parkway between City Hall and Fairmount Park,” the width to be 160 feet east of Logan Square and 300 feet west of Logan Square. I'he ordinance was somewhat amended on June 27, 1904, and the plan, made to conform with the amended ordinance, was confirmed by the Board of Surveyors November 7, 1904. On Ma>' 18, 1904, a loan ordinance was submitted to the electors, which included ^2,000,000 for the Parkway, and the electors approved it. 4'his was the first money voted for the project by the people. .A revision of the lines and grades of the Parkway was made by an ordinance approved January 4, 1906, and the revision was confirmed by the Board of Surveyors on .April 9, 1906. On October 13, 1906, the first ordinance authorizing the opening of any portion of the Parkway was passed. It directed its opening between Logan Square and Spring Garden Street. The city filed its bond in the sum of ^2,000 ,000 in the Court of Quarter Sessions under date of November 22, 1906. This condemnation by the city was under the plan confirmed April 9, 1906. On December 12, 1907, the Fairmount Park .Art .Associa- 249 tion presented the plan prepared for it by a commission con- sisting of Paul P. Cret, Horace Trumbauer and C. C. Zant- zinger. It is this plan, somewhat enlarged by Jacques Greber, which is now being carried out; but it is still essen- tially the plan presented by this Association. The plan was not only printed in the Association’s Annual Report for the year 1907, but it was also reproduced in a special book, published by the Association in 1919, entitled “The Fairmount Parkway 1904-1919*. ’’ On April 15, 1908, a loan was submitted to the people, including an item of 31,000,000 for the Parkway, which was duly approved, and a similar loan was authorized by Council- manic authority July 1, 1909. Before the latter action was taken, an ordinance approved June 8, 1909, authorized a revision of the lines and grades of the Parkway, which revision was confirmed by the Board of Surveyors on September 20, 1909. It is this revision, which adopted the plan prepared for this Association by Messrs. Cret, Trumbauer and Zant- zinger. The submission of this plan was a unique public service rendered by the Association and its success was due to the public-spirited vision of the late Mayor, John E. Rey- burn, who did more for city planning in Philadelphia than any other mayor we have ever had. His reputation for foresight- edness will grow as time passes. By an ordinance approved June 1, 1909, the Mayor, the City Solicitor and the City Controller were authorized to enter into negotiations for the purchase of property within the Parkway or within 200 feet thereof. This ordinance was amended by an ordinance approved December 9, 1909. The ordinance of April 8, 1911, set aside as a site for the Free Library the plot of ground on the north side of \hne Street between 19th and 20th Streets. An ordinance approved April 15, 1911, authorized the purchase of property at the southwest corner of Broad and Arch Streets for the Parkway under a programme which w'as excellent in that it spread the payment for the property over a period of ten years. On June 19, 1911, the people approved a loan containing 31,000,000 for the Parkway. On July 22nd of the same year an ordinance was passed to condemn the property bounded by Twenty- first Street, \hne Street, the Parkway, Twentieth Street and Summer Street and a line 200 feet southwest of the Park- way, but nothing was done under this ordinance. *See Frontispiece of this volume. 250 On August 4, 1911, an ordinance to open so much of the Parkway, as was bounded by Callowhill Street, Twenty- second Street, Shamokin Street and the southwesterly line of the Parkway, was approved. On July 3, 1912, an ordinance was approved to open the Parkway between Sixteenth and Appletree Streets. On July 2, 1914, the remaining portion of the block between Sixteenth and Seventeenth Streets was ordered opened. Another ordinance was approved, on the same date, to open the Parkway between Nineteenth and Twenty-second Streets, and on May 20, 1915, an ordinance was passed to enlarge Logan Square by extending it to Twen- tieth Street and to place the Square and the Parkway under the care and management of the Commissioners of Fair- mount Park, On January 7, 1915, the people approved at the polls a loan of 3800,000 for the Parkway and on June 29, 1916, 39,000,000 were added for the same purpose also by vote of the people. On July 24, 1916, an ordinance was passed authorizing the opening of the unopened portions of the Parkway between Broad Street and Fairmount Park. On December 31, 1917, an ordinance to condemn property at the southwest corner of the Parkway and Twenty-second Street was passed and another ordinance appropriating the southwest corner of 18th Street and the Parkway was approved July 18, 1919. A Councilmanic loan on January 7, 1918, provided 3913,172.86 for the Parkway and on December 15, 1919, another Councilmanic loan provided 31,761,911.26 for it. ITe first loan issued for the Art Museum was for 3200,000 in 1897. The abandoned Fairmount Reservoir was set aside as a site for the Art Museum during 1911. During 1913 preparatory work was begun on the grading for the Plaza in front of the Museum and in the loan of 1914 3800,000 were made available for construction of the Museum, 31,000,000 in the loan of 1916 and 31,500,000 in the loan of 1920. An ordinance of July 18, 1911, provided a site for the Hall of the American Philosophical Society on the northeast side of the Parkway west of Sixteenth Street; a convention hall site was set aside by the ordinance of February 18, 1916; and a site for the Municipal Court by the ordinance of July 18, 1919. The plan prepared by M. Jacques Greber was submitted in 1918, Its execution required the acquisition of more prop- erty on the southwest side of the Parkway and an ordinance approved December 17, 1919, provided for the appropriation 251 ot the ground bounded by Twenty-third Street, Callowhill Street, Fairmount Park and the Parkway. d'he foregoing is a somewhat statistical history of the development to date of the greatest single improvement of the kind of the Twentieth Century. The embellishment of the Parkway with trees, flowers, fountains and sculpture, as proposed in the (jreber plan, has been begun, but it will necessarily take several years to com- plete it. 2SZ LIST OF ANNUAL ADDRESSES At the annual meetings ot the Association, addresses have been given by men ot national reputation on varied topics, always of interest and value to the members and their guests. In some cases no title was given to the address by the speaker. The list, with the respective dates, follows FIRST ANNUAL MEETING October 15, 1872. Hoy. Benjamix Harris Brewster. “Emblems ot moral excellence and public good, such as this Park and its embellishments, should adorn our country, to remain as perpetual witnesses of our tone.” SECOND ANNT AL MEETING October 28, 1873. Rev. A. A. Willits. “And let us do all in our power to bless, to exalt, to ennoble the beautiful city of our habitation and the noble land, which with so much joy and pride we call ‘Our Country,’” THIRD ANNUAL MEETING December 10, 1874. Hox. Hexrv C. Carev. “It is needed that we strive by every effort in our power to make our city not only comfortable for ourselves, but attractive to those abroad.” Provost Charles J. Stille. “Every thing presented to the popular eye as a work of art should suggest noble thoughts and associations of a lofty kind, and therefore fitting to be clothed with that grace and beauty, with which the human heart seeks to invest every- thing which it truly reveres and loves.” From the year 1874 until the year 1893 the minutes record brief comments by those in attendance at the Annual Meetings, but formal addresses were not delivered. TWENTY-FIRST ANNsT'AL MEETING March 2, 1893. Leslie W. Miller. “Let us do what we can to make the streets and parks of our city beautiful, not only for the purpose of attracting desirable residents and visitors, but as a means of nourishing the deepest and most \*ital sources ot our industrial energy.” 253 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL MEETING May 10, 1894. Leslie W. Miller. "'A Lesson from Florence." “Other, though not many, cities have histories as nohle, treasures as vast, but no other city has them living and ever present in her midst, familiar as household words and touched by every baby’s hand and peasant’s step.” Ho.v. James M. Beck. “The artistic decoration of the interior of our new City Hall by mural paintings.” TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL MEETING April 29, 1895. Informal addresses were made by Mrs. E. D. Gillespie, Mr. Leslie W. Miller, Mr. Daniel Baugh, Mrs. Mary E. Mum- ford, Mr. Talcot Williams, Mrs. Aubrey H. Smith, and Rev. Leverett Bradley. TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING December 28, 1895. Charles S. Kevser. "Historic Mansions in Fairmount Park." A scholarly address, replete with interesting information, historic and traditional. TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL MEETING May 26, 1897. Johx Sartaix. “ Reminiscences of Philadelphia sixty years ago,” from Mr. Sartain’s unpublished Memoirs. TWENTY-SIXTH ANNUAL MEETING November 11, 1897. Ernest Thompson Seton. "The Art of the Stone Age^ or Earliest Known Drawings." TWENTY-SE\’ENTH ANNUAL MEETING November 29, 1898. Edward H. Coates. “That which befits us, embosomed as we are in beauty, is courage and hope and the endeavor to realize our aspira- tions.” TWENTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL MEETING January 27, 1900. Truman H. Bartlett. " Barye and his JVork." “The most thoughtful professional judgment marks his fame as that of the greatest sculptor of ferocious animals, of which history gives any distinct account, as one of the 254 great artists of the world, and, so far as his art was concerned, equally great as a man.” TWENTY-NINTH ANNUAL MEETING December 19, 1900. Professor Charles E. Dana. ""Arms, Armour and Display in the Middle Ages.” Professor Dana was a past master upon this subject (as also upon many others); the address was printed in the 1901 Report, No. 35, and attracted wide attention both here and abroad. THIRTIETH ANNUAL MEETING December 14, 1901. Walter Cope. ""The Relation oj Natural to Artificial Beauty in Landscape.” Mr. Cope was an architect of distinguished ability, as evidenced by many structures of grace and beauty that adorn Philadelphia and other cities. “I would urge that we take nature as we find her, treat her with respect, allow her free sway and that in all we do of artificial work we do with an eye to the eternal fitness of things, not hoping to improve upon nature, but merely to make beautiful works of our own.” THIRTY-FIRST ANNUAL MEETING December 18, 1902. Albert Kelsev. ""Parkways and Monumental Thoroughfares.” Mr. Kelsey has achieved repute by many architectural creations here and elsewhere, but none more noted than the Pan-.American Building in the City of Washington, in the design of which he was an associate of Professor Cret. Hon. James M. Beck. ""A Plea for the Parkway.” The progress of this important artery in the centre of Philadelphia and its near accomplishment is due in large measure to Mr. Beck’s earnest and continuous advocacy of the plans supported by this Association. 4'HIRTY-SECOND ANNUAL MEETING December 10, 1903. Hon. James M. Beck, as President of the Association. James MacAlister, LL.D. Mayor John Weaver, Col. a. Loudon Snowden, President, Commissioners of Fairmount Park. Francis La Flesche. 255 “Ji^ho was the Medictae Man”: “Man’s strength contrasted with the power of the ‘Great Spirit.’ With his best intelligence and greatest skill in the use of his hands, man is powerless to bring into existence the tiniest flower, while out of the force of the will of the Mys- terious One all things in the heavens and the earth have come into existence with beauty, grandeur and majesty.’’ THIRTY-THIRD ANNUAL MEETING December 16, 1904. Frederick. Law Olmsted, Jr. “Progress in the Development of Park Systems — the Jf 'ashington Example.” “It is at Washington, as at Philadelphia, to forestall open spaces before built upon; to secure vital park connections before the beautiful valleys through which they ought to run are effaced by spreading streets, the outgrowth of city blocks.’’ THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING December 18, 1905. Fra.vk Miles Dav. “City Planning.” Mr. Day attained a position in the front rank of American architects and devoted much time and energy to public im- provements, giving of his services freely and without com- pensation. rHIRTY-FIbTH ANNUAL MEETING December 19, 1906. Frederic Crowxixshield. “The Fine Arts Federation., its Aims and Ambitions f by its President. “ The Place and Function of a Municipal Art Gallery.” The address was followed by brief remarks from represen- tatives of art organizations of the city. Mr. John H. Converse, for the Pennsylvania .Academy of the Fine .Arts Professor Herbert Everett, for the L'niversity of Pennsylvania. Mr. Leslie W. Miller, for the Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial .Art. J.\.MES M.\c.Alister, LL.D., for the Drexel Institute. Mr. Elliott D.\ingerfield, for the School of Design for Women. Mr. Ja.mes P. Ja.mieson, for the Philadelphia Chapter, .American Insti- tute of .Architects. Mr. Thomas M. Kellogg, for the T-Square Club. M iss Florence W. Fclton, for the Plastic Club. Mr. Ludwig E. Faber, for the Philadelphia Sketch Club. 256 I'HIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL MEKTINCi December 12, 1907. R. A. Cram, F.A.I.A., F.R.G.S. “No man is at liberty to block a scheme of public im- provement lor his own selfish desires. The individual must realize that he is simply a part of civilized society and in the end we shall all realize that schemes of municipal improve- ment, however much they may argue for themselves in the line of practicality or aesthetic value, are yet, when you analyze, really and primarily first lessons in good citizenship.” d'HIRTY-SE\ ENTH ANNUAL MEETING January 27, 1909. Charles H. Caffin. "'Mural Decorations oj Municipal Buildings." Mr. Caffin was a well-known writer on art and had a wide knowledge of this subject. “You can find no nobler way of employing the arts than by putting into the schools of Philadelphia mural paintings that shall be suggestive of the beauty of nature and the beauty of the realism of our race and country.” THIRTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL MEETING January II, 1910. Sylvester Baxter, Secretary of the Park Commission for Greater Boston. "The DevelopmcJit oJ the Parkway." “I congratulate you upon the assured realization of your magnificent project, for which you are inexpressibly indebted to the public spirit and the splendid perseverance of many of your best citizens, inspired by the graphic and beautiful presentations of the architects, who so admirably conceived ' A. '>'* It. George Oakley Totten, Jr., A.M., A. A. LA., Secre- tary, American Section, International Congress of Architects. "The Influence of Aeronautics on City Building." “If a large city is to be maintained as a single, unified organization, it must of necessity have a civic centre or heart, which may not be at its centre of population, but must be at or near the centre of its commercial, financial and industrial activities. On this middle ground should be placed its chief public buildings.” THIRTY-NINTH ANNUAL MEETING January 24, 1911. Hon. John E. Reyburn, Mayor of Phila- delphia. “This project of an Art Gallery is one that has been close 257 to our hearts; we are nearer a solution of the problem today than we have been at any time.” Alfred H. Granger. “Throughout the country, east and west, the Pennsyl- vania Academy ol the Fine Arts is admired and loved because of the spirit of fairness and justice always shown at its annual exhibitions, which spirit makes all artists desirous of recogni- tion here, as to have been hung at an Academy Fixhibition in Philadelphia gives cachet to an artist not only in our own country but in Europe as well.” Hon. James M. Beck. “We honor Venice and Florence and Rome, because they have those treasures of art, which, after all, mark the aesthetic idealism of civilization. “They touch the deep note of the beautiful in human imagination; and that American city, which will first awaken to the value of the things that truly last, which will first awaken to the fact that art, literature and science are worth all the more material advantages, — that city in the long race for supremacy in this country will be ultimately the triumphant one. If you will join hands and erect here a great and noble museum of art, then Philadelphia will be making a long stride forward in taking the great place which rightfully belongs to it in the world.” Charles J. Cohen. “An historical sketch of Carpenters’ Hall, apropos of the Association’s recent purchase of adjoining property (and its subsequent demolition) to protect this historic landmark.” FORTIETH ANNUAE MEETING January 15, 1912. Col. William C. Church, Editor, Army and Navy Journal. '"John Ericsson^ the Creator of the Modern Navy.” “You can make no mistake in placing among the adorn- ments of your magnificent park a memorial to John Ericsson. Posterity will never question his claim to such a recognition, as you propose to give him as one of America’s greatest sons. The nature of his service to the country and to humanity was such as to demand and to receive the reward of a public recognition seldom accorded to any man.” FORTY-FIRST ANNUAE MEETING January 16, 1913. Dr. James MacAlister. “Outlining opportunities for future usefulness by the •Association.” 258 FORTY-SECOND ANNUAL MEETING January 22, 1914. A general discussion as to the activities of the Associa- tion, participated in by Hon. George W. Norris, who called particular attention to the contemplated improve- ments in the southern part of the city, many of which have since been accomplished; William H. Connell, Esq., Chief of the Bureau of Highways; Eli Kirk Price, Esq., of the Art Jury and Fairmount Park Commission; Andrew Wright Craw- ford, Esq., Secretary of the Art Jury and of the City Parks Association of Philadelphia; and Mr. Albert Kelsey, who paid a warm tribute to Professor Paul P. Cret of the University of Pennsylvania, to whose efficient and unselfish service the city was indebted for much of the improvement in public and semi-public structures, that had been noted in the report. FORl'Y-THIRD ANNUAL MEETING January 21, 1915. A general discussion as to City Planning, a movement throughout the country in which this Association is universally regarded as the leader. FORTY-FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING January 29, 1916. An appeal for the completion of the Permanent Fund, City Branch, so that its income might be available for the adornment of the city proper. FORTY-FIFTH ANNUAL MEETING January 18, 1917. Wilfred H. Schoff, Secretary of the Philadelphia Commercial Museums. “0«/ o/ Doors in Portugal and Spain” illustrated with attractive lantern slides. FORTY-SIXTH ANNUAL MEETING January 30, 1918. Joseph Allison Steinmetz. ”The Aeroplane in War.” Mr. Steinmetz illustrated with lantern slides the rapid advance that had been made in aerial navigation and stated the necessity for provision in the architecture of the near future for the use of planes in towns and cities to accommodate the various classes certain to require such facilities. Mr. Joseph E. Widener referred to the nature and extent 259 at the work that had been done recently in developing the studies for the Parkway and the river embankments. He called attention to the comprehensive scheme prepared for the Commissioners ot Fairmount Park by the distinguished landscape architect, Mr. Jacques (jreber, whose designs were publicly exhibited for the first time at this meeting. FORTY-SE\ EXTH ANNUAL MEETING January 16, 1919. Albert Kelsey. '^'Memoria/s." “Let Philadelphia hav'e its Temple of \’ictory at one end of its Peace Parkway and its great Art Museum at the other.” “A memorial is a sacramental thing and therefore it must be a delight to the eye, a moral lesson and something for the heart to rejoice in.” FORTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL MEETING January 15, 1920. Hon\ Gifford Pixchot. "'Forest Planting in Parks and Highways.” “Would it be possible, without injury to the beauty of Fairmount Park, to let it tell some part of the story of the forest to the tens of thousands of city dwellers for whom it is the nearest approach to the great outdoors.^” “Adopt a descriptive label, giving the uses made of the tree (and those the Indians made before us), its v'alue for planting and shade, and interesting items as to its insect and animal inhabitants.” “The reforestation of six million acres in Pennsylvania is imperative, if the supply of lumber is to be maintained, aside from its importance for the future water supply for Philadelphia.” FOR IT-NINTH ANNUAL MEETING January 13, 1921. Andrew Wright Crawford. "World's Fairs and their City Planning Salvage.” A plan, showing the advantage of the Fairmount Parkway and the banks of the Schuylkill as the site for the World’s Fair to be held in 1926 in celebration of the One hundred and fiftieth Anniversary of American Independence, prepared by Paul P. Cret, Sc. D., was exhibited. FIFTIETH ANNUAL MEETING January 26, 1922. Eli Kirk Price. "Fairmount Park and the Sesqiii-Centennial.” Mr. Pri ce’s address was followed by a discussion by Hon. James M. Beck. 260 FAIRMOUNT PARR ART ASSOCIATION October 31, 1921 ^riie balances in the various funds are as follows: .Accounts U. S. Liberty Philadelphia Loans ^ .Mort- Cash Total Loans 4% 1 -5% gages Perm.-uient Fund . . . (Park Branch) Permanent Fund. . . (City Branch) General Fund 5542,817.63 4,133.11 13,881.16 400.00 6,09.3.57 409.54 91.08 275.14 5526,652.38 4,571.87 4,840.00 7,636.13 3,248.12 602.87 202.26 102.87 11,073.13 5538,160.47 12,637.98 6,518.57 8,629.25 33,016.10 310,400.00 1,000.00 4,000.00 3206.70 459.14 3121,253.28 22,802.10 (Park Branch) General Fund (City Branch) F'ricsson .Memorial Fund 3,410.38 (Dr. Bal.) 1.530.09 32,650.11 1,130.09 Childs - Drexel .Me- morial Fund 515.15 22,876.10 Robert .M orris Me- morial Fund 152.03 3,809.69 Hancock Memorial Fund G. and M. Connor- Wood .M e m o r i a 1 Fund 1,870.98 35.18 103.72 729.13 2,452.10 .Aero .Memorial Fund Shakespeare Memo- rial Fund 400.00 2,485.03 7,627.50 28.61 42.02 105.53 131.48 442.02 21,291.19 1 1 ■ J 1 1 1 ! Cr. 5,058.46 Dr. 1 1,530.09 Cr. 228,437.20 Dr. 1,130.09 Totals 570,988.26 858,929.63 j 875,444.75j S3,016.10j 315,400.00 33,528.37 3227,307.11 REQUESTS TO THE EAIRMOUNT PARK ART ASSOCIATION 1892. Alfred Bamber, placed in the Permanent Eund, Park lonr T •/.•• •. , 38000.00 1906. J. Dundas Lippmcott, placed m the Permanent Eund, Park Branch 5000.00 1916. Oeorge and .\Ieta Connor-Wood Memorial Eund 113.32 1918. Otto Bachmeister (on the termination of certain life iQi^ - • c- ■••••.• U •• •. 2000.00 1913. Edlen Phillips Samuel (on the death of her husband, T Bunford Samuel) 765,000.00 261 PREAMBLE TO THE ORIGINAL CONSTITUTION Since it is desirable to increase the appreciation and love of art in our midst, to add to the number of its v'otaries, promote the refinements of life consequent thereon and encourage artists in the practice of their profession, and Since it is commendable to erect statues, busts, fountains and other works of art to the honor and memory of eminent persons and their deeds, in order that their good example and influence may be more permanently exerted in fostering a spirit of emulation and ambition in our people, and ereas these results may be better secured and the good effects thereof more generally obtained by the accumulation of objects of art in one enclosure, visited by the greatest num- ber of people, and W hereas it is desirable to enhance the beauties and attrac- tions of the Park, by means in which all may gladly partici- pate; I'herefore, we, whose names are affixed to the following Constitution, have formed ourselves into a society to be styled the “Fairmount Park Art Association,” which society shall have for its object the accumulation of a fund, by means of annual contributions of small fixed sums of money by the mem- bers thereof, and by legacies, donations, etc., which fund shall be devoted to and employed in adorning Fairmount Park with works of art, either of a memorial nature or otherwise. In consideration of the objects above set forth, we, whose names are subscribed to the following Constitution, agree to fulfil with honor and good faith the duties imposed in the said Constitution and the By-Laws, which have been adopted for the rule and government of the said Fairmount Park Art Association. 262 CLASSES OF MEMBERSHIP PARK BRANCH Associate Membership (Annually) 3 1 Annual Membership 5 Life Membership (and Certificate) 50 *Perpetual Membership 500 CITY BRANCH Associate Membership (Annually) 3 1 Annual Membership 5 Life Membership (and Certificate) 50 *Perpetual Membership 500 Annual members of two or more years may change to Life Member- ship upon payment of Forty Dollars. As the Association welcomes gifts and bequests of secu- rities, money and real estate, it is hoped that all who desire to perpetuate the work of the Association will, in disposing ol their property, include the Fairmount Park Art Association among their beneficiaries. Under the laws of Pennsylvania, which provide that the courts are authorized to enter a decree at any time extend- ing and defining the amount of property which the Associa- tion shall be permitted to hold, it is evident that the restric- tion in the original charter limiting the amount of real estate which it may legally hold is practically removed. Perpetual memberships are especially valued as legacies. Citizens desiring to contribute to the adornment of the park or city are invited to do so through the agency of this Association, in order that such undertakings may not only benefit by its experience and oversight, but also that proper and permanent record of them may be made in its published reports. *May be in one’s own name or “In Memoriam.” 263 I^KRMAXKNT ENDOWMENT EUND 'I'his fund was created in the year 1874, by a resolution of the Hoard of Trustees, which appropriated the sum of 33,000 as a nucleus. All amounts received from Eife Memberships, ten per centum ol the annual dues of members, together with all special donations, are added to this fund. In 1895 the special form of membership known as “Per- petual Members” was adopted, all sums received in connection therewith to become a part of the Permanent Eund. Per- petual membership may either be in one’s own name or “In Memoriam.” Park 1895 Garrett, William E., Jr.* 1895 Phillips, Miss F.mily* 1897 Converse John H.* 1897 Converse, Mrs. John H.* 1898 Elkins, Col. William L.* 1898 Elkins, Mrs. William L.* 1899 Dolan, Thomas* 1899 Harrison, Charles C., LL.D. Morris, Miss Lydia T. 1900 Justice, William W.* 1900 Warren, E. Burgess* 1901 “Donatello” 1901 Frazier, William W.* 1906 Lippincott, J. Dundas* 1907 Barklie, ^^Rs. Archibald 1919 Cohen, Charles J. PERPEd'EAE MEMBERS Branch 1900 1895 Bamber, Alfred 1895 Smith, Richard 1895 Phillips, Miss F.llen 1895 Phillips, Hon. Henry M. 1898 Fitler, Hon. Edwin H. 1898 Howell, Henry C. 1900 Morris, Isaac W., Jr. 1900 Dreer, Mrs. Ferdinand J. Justice, Miss Cecilia 1901 Tho.mson, j. Edgar 1901 Drexel, Anthony J. 1901 Scott, Col. Thomas A . 1904 Henry, Charles W. 1904 Howell, Col. Charles H. 1906 Dundas, James PERPETUAL MEMBERS IN ME.MORIAM Park Branch 1901 City Branch 1904 Howell, Col. Charles H. ’Deceased. 264 HONORARY MEMBERS 1899 Hampton L. Carson 1906 Henry K. Fox 1920 Leslie \V. Miller LIFE AND ANNUAL MEMBERS This list represents the Membership in i()2i Members will please notify the Secretary oj any change or error in address. The fee for Life Membership in either Branch is fifty dollars, one hundred in both. That for Annual Membership is five dollars in either Branch, ten in both. P I. indicates PARK branch LIFE member. C L indicates CITY branch LIFE member. P A indicates PARK branch ANNUAL member. C A indicates CITY branch ANNUAL members * indicates DECEASED. p A Abbott, Francis R., The Art Club, 220 S. Broad St. p L Addicks, J. Fdward.* p A Albrecht, Emil P., The Bourse. p A Alburger, Stoer & Co., 615 Chestnut St. p A Allman, Herbert D., 3819 Walnut St. c a Allman, Herbert D. p L Alter, John Joseph, 935 N. Twenty-ninth St. p L Alter, \Irs. John Joseph, 935 N. Twenty-ninth St. p A Archambault, V. E., Jr. (In Memoriam.) p a Armstrong, Theodore, 115 Chestnut St. p A Ashton, Mrs. Thomas G., 1814 S. Rittenhouse Sq. p A Austin, Richard L., 408 Chestnut St. c A Bailey, Charles W., P. O. Box 197. c A Bailey, Edward L., Fallsington, Pa. p L Baird, Charles O.* p A Baird, John E'.., 306 Real Estate Trust Bldg, c A Baird, John El p A Baird, Mrs. Matthew, 2012 Spruce St. p L Baltz, J. & P., Brewing Co., Thirty-first and Thompson Sts. p L Banks, George W., 1218 Chestnut St. p A Barney, Charles D., Ogontz, Pa. c A Barney, Charles D. p L Barrie, George, 1313 Walnut St. * Deceased. 265 p L Barrows, Mrs. Ira, 667 Fifth Ave., New York City, p L Battles, H. H., 114 S. Twelfth St. p L Baugh, Daniel, 1601 Locust St. c A Baugh, Mrs. Daniel, 1601 Locust St. p A Beck, Hon. James M., 32 Liberty St., New York City, c A Beck, Hon. James M. p -A Beeber, Dimner, 705 Land Title Bldg, c A Beeber, Dimner. p L Bein, August, S. W. cor. Fifth and Cherry Sts. c L Bell, Miss Emily, 1428 Spruce St. p L Bell, Miss Laura, 1428 Spruce St. p L Bement, Clarence S., 401 N. Twenty-first St. p L Bement, William P., 3817 Spruce St. c L Benson, Alexander, 59 S. Fourth St. p A Benson, Gen. R. Dale, 1060 Drexel Bldg, p L Bergdoll, Louis, Jr., 2806 Parrish St. p L Berges, William, 1500 Erie Ave. c A Biddle, Mrs. Edward W., The Rittenhouse. p L Bisler, Gustav A., 249 N. Sixth St. c L Bisler, (justav A. PA Black, Francis F., 620 S. Washington Sq. c L Blakiston, Miss Mary, Fort Washington, Pa. c A Bockius, Morris R., 934 Land Title Bldg, p A Bodine, Samuel T., Villa Nova, Pa. c L Bond, Nliss Catharine A., 1608 Locust St. p A Borgner, Cyrus, Twenty-third and Race Sts. p A Borie, Charles L., Jr., 112 S. Sixteenth St. c A Borie, Charles L., Jr. c A Brazier, H. Bartol, Wynnewood, Pa. p L Brock, Mrs. Robert C. H., 1612 Walnut St. c L Brock, Mrs. Robert C. H. p A Bromley, Joseph H., Wissahickon and Chelten .Aves., Germantown. c A Bromley, Joseph H. p L Brooks, William H., 509 Chestnut St. p A Brovvn, Francis Shunk, 5927 Drexel Road, Overbrook. p L Brown, John A., 224 S. Nineteenth St. p A Bucknell, Mrs. W., Care of Fidelity Trust Co. c A Bucknell, Mrs. W. p A Burnham, William, 4301 Spruce St. c A Burnham, William. p L Burns, Charles M., 212 S. Fifteenth St. p A Busch, Mrs. Henry E., 1006 Spruce St. c A Busch, Mrs. Henry E. p L Busch, Henry Paul, 1006 Spruce St. p A Calder, Alexander Stirling, 51 W. Tenth St., New York, p A Cannstatter Volksfest-Verein, 1637 N. Broad St. c A Cannstatter Volksfest-Verein. p L Capp, Seth Bunker, P. O. Box 2054, Philadelphia, c L Capp, Seth Bunker. p L Castner, Samuel, Jr., 3729 Chestnut St. c A Castner, Samuel, Jr. p L Chandler, .Alfred N. .A 266 c L Chandler, Alfred N. p L Chandler, T. P., 249 S. Sixteenth St. p A Chipman, Charles, R. F. D. 1, Easton, Pa. p A Church, .Arthur L., 500 N. Broad St. p A Clark, Mrs. C. Howard, Jr., 1520 Spruce St. p A Clark, C. M., 321 Chestnut St. c A Clark, C. M. p A Clark, Mrs. Edward Walter, Chestnut Hill. p A Clark, Herbert L., 321 Chestnut St. p A Clark, Percy H., 321 Chestnut St. c A Clark, Percy H. p A Class & Nachod, 1729 Mervine St. p L Clothier, Mrs. Conrad F., 844 N. Broad St. p A Clothier, Isaac H., Wynnewood, Pa. c A Clothier, Isaac H. c L Clothier, Morris L., 801 Market St. p A Coates, Edward H., Penna. Co., 517 Chestnut St. c A Coates, Edward H. p L Co.^TES, William M., 127 Market St. p A Cohen, Charles J., 1520 Spruce St. c A Cohen, Charles J., 1520 Spruce St. p L Colket, C. Howard, 2008 De Lancey PI. p L CoLLi.NS, Henry H., 226 Columbia Ave. p A Colton, Sabin W., Jr., Bryn Mawr, Pa. c A Colton, Sabin W., Jr. p A Combs, John F., 119 S. Fourth St. p A Combs, Mrs. John F., 119 S. Fourth St. p A CoMLY, Robert, 3311 Arch St. p L CoRLiES, Miss Margaret L., 264 S. Twenty-first St. p L CoRLiES, Mrs. S. Fisher, 264 S. Twenty-first St. c L CoxE, .Alexander Brown, Paoli, Pa. c l Coxe, Mrs. .Alexander Brown, Paoli, Pa. p A Craig, John F., 3417 Baring St. p A Crawford, Andrew Wright, 701 Stephen Girard Bldg, c A Crawford, Andrew Wright. c A Cret, Professor Paul P., University of Pennsylvania. p A Croft ik .Allen Co., Thirty-third and Market Sts. c A Croft & .Allen Co. p A Curtis, Cyrus H. K., Wyncote, Pa. p A CuYLER, T. De Witt, Haverford, Pa. p A Dana, AIrs. Charles E., 2013 De Lancey PI. c A Dana, Mrs. Charles E. p A Davis, Charles Gibbons, 8204 Seminole St., Chestnut Hill, c A Davis, Charles Gibbons. p L Davis, Henry J., Lansdowne, Pa. p A Day, Mrs. Frank Miles, .Allen’s Lane, Mt. .Airy. De .Armond, Mrs. George J., Merion, Pa. p L Dick, Mrs. William .A., Chestnut Hill, p L Dilley, Franklin P., 210 S. Front St. p L Disston, Jacob S., 1130 Real Estate Trust Bldg, c A Disston, Jacob S. p A Dobson, James, 28 N. Front St. 267 p A Dolan, Mrs. Thomas, 1809 Walnut St. c A Dolan, Mrs. Thomas. p L Doll, Miss Josephine, 3411 N. Seventeenth St. p L Doll, Miss SIatilda, 3411 N. Seventeenth St. p A Donohough, Miss Kmma Edith, Cynwyd, Pa. p A Dougherty, John A* c A Dougherty, Miss L. A., 1532 Green St. p L Dreer, Edwin Greble, Malvern, Pa. c L Dreer, Edwin Greble. p L Dreer, William E.* c A Dreka, Louis, The St. James Hotel, p A Drexel, Anthony J., 112 Drexel Bldg, c A Drexel, Anthony J. p A Drexel, G. W. C., Estey Bldg., 1701 Walnut St. c A Drexel, Mrs. G. W. C., Eighteenth and Locust Sts. p A Drexel, John R., 112 Drexel Bldg. p A Drexel, Mrs. John R., 112 Drexel Bldg. p L Ehret, M., Jr., & Co., Inc., 950 Drexel Bldg. p A Elkins, George W* c A Elkins, George W.* p L Elliott, Miss Mary E.* p A Elliott, William J., 1308 Spruce St. p L Elverson, Ja.mes Jr., 1109 iSIarket St. p A Elwyn, Mrs. Thomas Langdon, 1006 Clinton St. p A Engart, John S., X. E. cor. Twelfth and Chestnut Sts. p A Evans, Mrs. George B., The Bellevue-Stratford. p A Eels, Samuel S., Thirty-ninth and Walnut Sts. c A Eels, Samuel S. p A Eels, Mrs. Samuel S., Thirty-ninth and Walnut Sts. c A Eels, M RS. S.4MUEL S. p L Eitzgerald, Harrington, 28 S. Seventh St. p A Elagg, Mrs. Stanley (L, Jr., 1723 Spruce St. c A Elagg, Mrs. Stanley G., Jr. PA Eletcher, Mrs. George A., 1631 Walnut St. p A Eolwell, X’^. T., 625 Chestnut St. p A Eoulke, j. Roberts, 409 Chestnut St. p A Eowler, Charles H., 605 X. Eighth St. p L Erazier, William W., 250 S. Eighteenth St. c L Erazier, William W. p L Eullerton, John, 1424 Girard Ave. p A Eussel, Dr. M. Howard, 421 Lyceum Ave., Roxborough p L Gallagher, Christopher A., 1152 S. Broad St. p L Garden, William Morton, The Belgravia, p L Garrett, Mrs. Walter, 404 S. Xinth St. p L Garrison, David R., Radnor, Pa. p L Gaw, William H.* p L Gazzam, Hon. Joseph M., 265 S. Xineteenth St. p L Gest, Hon. Joh.n Marshall, City Hall, p L Gest, William P., 325 Chestnut St. p L Gibbs, William W., Pennsylvania Bldg, c A Gibbs, William W. * Deceased. 268 c A Gibson, Miss Mary K., 1612 Walnut St. p I, Gillingham, Joseph E. p A Gilpin, Mrs. Washington H.* p A Gorham, Walter M., Commercial Trust Bldg, p A Graklv, Charles, S. E. cor. Twentieth and Cherry Sts. p A Graves, Nelson Z., Manheim St. and Wissahickon Av'e., German- town. c A Graves, Nelson Z. p A Greber, Jacques, 30 Avenue Malakoff, Paris, c A Greber, Jacques. p L Griffiths, George, 2102 Spruce St. p L Grubnau, Carl, 114 Arch St. c L Grubnau, Carl. p A Guer.nsey, Joseph C., M.D., Montgomery Ave., Bryn MawT, Pa. p L Hale & Kilburn Mfg. Co., Eighteenth St. and Lehigh Ave. c L Hale & Kilbur.v Mfg. Co. p A Hallowell, Willia.m S., 3305 Race St. p L Harrah, Charles J. p L Harris, .Alan C., 119 S. Sixteenth St. c L Harris, .Alan C. p A Harris, .Albert H., 710 North .American Bldg, p L Harris, Henry Erazer, 1607 Walnut St. p L H ARRIS, Mrs. J. Campbell, 1607 Walnut St. c L Harris, Mrs. J. Ca.mpbell. c L Ha RRisoN, .Alfred C., 1616 Locust St. p L Harriso.n, Charles C., LL.D., 1618 Locust St. c L Harrison, Charles C., LL.D. p L Harrison, Mrs. Charles C., 1618 Locust St. p A Harrison, George L., Jr., 400 Chestnut St. p L Harrison, Mrs. John.* p A Harrison, Thomas S.* c A Harrison, Tho.mas S.* p A Hastings, John V., 819 Eilbert St. p A Hastings, Robert E., 819 Eilbert St. p L Heed, Charles E., 119 S. Eourth St. p L Henry, Mrs. Charles W., Chestnut Hill, c L Henry, Mrs. Charles W. p A Hensel, Colladay & Co., Twelfth and Wood Sts. p L Hentz, j. Henry, 1237 N. Broad St. p A Hering, W. E., 112 N. Twelfth St. c A Hering, W. E. p L Herzog, George. p L Hetherington, .Albert G., 1701 Locust St. p A Heyl, George .A., 2122 Walnut St. p A Hinchman, Miss Margaretta S., 3635 Chestnut St. p L Hockley, Mrs. Thomas, Hotel Vendome, Boston, Mass, p L Hookey, .Anthony C., 2464 Frankford .Ave. p A Hopper, William G., & Co., 28 S. Third St. p A Horner, Sa.muel, Jr., 840 Land Title Bldg, p A Horst.man.n, Walter, 1804 De Lancey PI. p A Horstmann, Mrs. William H., Overbrook. * Deceased. 269 p A Houston, Samuel F., 509 Real Estate Trust Bldg, c A Houston, Samuel F. p A Houston, William C., 122 W. Chelten Ave., Germantown, c A Howell, Miss Anna H., 5218 Germantown Ave., Germantown, p L Howell, Mrs. Charles H., 1523 Walnut St. c L Howell, Mrs. Charles H. p A How'ell, Edward E H., 5218 Germantown Ave., Germantown. p A Howell, Miss Josephine F., 1523 Walnut St. c A How’ell, Miss Josephine F. p A Huneker, John F., The Art Club. p A Huston, Joseph M., Oaks-Cloister, Germantown. p A Hutchinson, Miss Margaretta, 1617 Walnut St. c A Hutchinson, Miss Margaretta. p A Jacobs, Mrs. Edw^ard B., 1915 Spruce St. c A Jacobs, Mrs. Edward B. p L Jenks, John Story, Chestnut Hill. PA JOH NSON, Alba B., Rosemont, Pa. c A Johnson, Alba B. p A Jones, B. Griffith, 905 Land Title Bldg. p L Jordan, Mrs. G. Frederick, 922 Clinton St. p L Justice, Theodore, 10 W. Clapier St., Germantown. p A Karcher & Rehn Co., 1608 Chestnut St. p L Keen, Edwin F., 1816 N. Broad St. c L Keen, Edw'in F. p L Keen, Joseph S., 723 N. Sixth St. p A Keene, George Frederick, 1012 Liberty Bldg. p L Keith, Sidney W., 1820 De Lancey PI. c A Kelsey, Albert, Perry Bldg. p L Ketterlinus, John Louis, 2016 Spruce St. c A Keyser, Mrs. James D.* p A Kohn, Adler & Co., 722 Market St. p L Ladner, Louis J., 2349 N. Twenty-first St. p A Lea, Charles M., 960 Drexel Bldg. c A Lea, Charles M. p A Lea, Miss Nina, 2000 Walnut St. c A Lea, Miss Nina. p L Lee, Edmund J., M.D., 1812 Rittenhouse Sq. p A Lewis, John Frederick, 1914 Spruce St. c A Lewhs, John Frederick. p L Lewis, Mrs. John Frederick, 1914 Spruce St. c L Lewis, Mrs. John Frederick. p L Lewis, Richard A., Box 165, Beverly, N. J. p A Link Belt Co., Nicetown. c A Link Belt Co. p A Linn, William B., 518 Real Estate Trust Bldg, c A Linn, William B. p A Lippincott, J. Bertram, 1712 Spruce St. c A Lippincott, J. Bertram. c A Lippincott, M RS. J. Bertram, 1712 Spruce St. p L Lippincott, Walter, 2101 Walnut St. p A Lit Brothers, Eighth and Market Sts. * Dece.ised. 270 p A Lit, Samuel D., Eighth and Market Sts. p L Lonergan, J. E., 211 Race St. p L Longstreth, Howard, 1323 Walnut St. p L Loper, Richard E., 6 N. Tallahassee Ave., Atlantic City, N. J. p A Malone, Watson & Son, 1001 N. Delaware Ave. p L Maloney, Martin, Land Title Bldg, p L Maris, Thomas R., Beverly, N. J. p L Mason, Prof. William A., 212 W. Chelten Ave., Germantown, c L Mason, Prof. William A . p A Melloy’s, John M., Sons, 1421 Spring Garden St. p L Mickle, Charles C., 3301 Race St. p A Mifflin, Mrs. James, 1824 Spruce St. p L Miles, Thomas, 1820 .Arch St. p L Miller, Leslie W., 320 S. Broad St. p L Milne, Caleb J., Jr., 2029 Walnut St. p L Milne, David, School House Lane, Germantown, p A Montgomery, Dr. E. E., 1426 Spruce St. c A Montgomery, Dr. E. E. p L Moore, Mrs. Alfred F., 1921 Walnut St. p L Moore, Clarence B., 1321 Locust St. p L Moore, Joseph, Jr., 1821 Walnut St. p L Moore, Mrs. Amory O., 2244 So. Sheridan Rd., Highland Park, 111. c L Moore, Mrs. Amory O. p A Morgan, John B., Montgomery .Ave., Chestnut Hill. p A Morgan, Mrs. Joh.n B., Montgomery .Ave., Chestnut Hill. p A Morgan, Randal, N. W. cor. Broad and Arch Sts. p L Morrell, Mrs. Edward deV., Torresdale. p L Morris, Effingham B., Girard Trust Co. c L Morris, Effingham B. p L Morris, Miss Lydia T., 826 Pine St. p L Morris, William H., Thirtieth and Locust Sts. p L Moss, Frank H., 518 Walnut St. p I. Moss, Mrs. Frank H., Bala, Pa. c I. Mc.Allister, Miss Eliza Y., 3503 Baring St. p I. Mc.Allister, James W., 1603 Green St. p A McClees, j. E., 1507 Walnut St. p I. McFadden, George H., Eighteenth and Spruce Sts. c A McFadden, George H. c A McFadden, J. Franklin, 115 Chestnut St. p L McFadden, John H., N. E. cor. Nineteenth and Walnut Sts. p L McIlhenny, John D., Lincoln Drive and Johnson St., Germantown. c L McIlhenny, John D. p A McKean, Thomas, Rosemont, Pa. c A McKean, Thomas. p A McLean, William L., 207 Bulletin Bldg, p I. McNeely, Richard P., Bryn Mawr, Pa. p L McNeely, Robert K., Merion, Pa. p L McOwen, Frederick, 5871 Drexel Road, Overbrook, p A Newbold’s, William H., Son K Co., 511 Chestnut St. c A Newbold’s, William H., So.v 6c Co. p A Newhall, George M., 1209 Walnut St. p A Newhall, Mrs. George M., 1209 Walnut St. 271 p L Newman, John S., Hotel Majestic, p A Nice, Eugene E., 1720 Diamond St. p 1, Norris, Charles, 617 Walnut St. p A Norris, Hon. George W., 1812 R St., N. W., Washington, D. C. p L O’Neill, William C., 328 Walnut St. p A Palmer, John T., Fifth and Locust Sts. p L Pardee, Calvin, 239 W. Walnut Lane, Germantown. p A Patterson, T. H. Hoge, 4231 Walnut St. c A Patterson, T. H. Hoge. p A Paxson, J. W., Co., 1021 N. Delaware Ave. p A Peirce, Harold, 222 Drexel Bldg. c A Peirce, Harold. p L Perot, Effingham., 125 S. Fifth St. p L Perot, T. Morris, Jr., 917 Clinton St. p L Peterson, C. Lehman, 7319 Bryan St., Mt. Airy. p A Philadelphia Turngemeinde, Broad St. and Columbia .'\ve. p A Plumly, George W., Co., 213 N. Fourth St. p A Potter, Charles A., Chestnut Hill. p A Potter, Hon. William, 1011 Chestnut St. p L Powers, Thomas Harris, 1607 Walnut St. c L Powers, Thomas Harris. p L Price, Eli Kirk, 709 Walnut St. p A Ralston, Robert W., N. E. cor. Thirteenth St. and Girard Avc. p A Rau, William H., 238 S. Camac St. p A Rea, Samuel, Broad Street Station, p L Read, Mrs. Frank, 4105 Pine St. c L Read, Mrs. Frank. p A Register, Henry C., M.D., Haverford, Pa. p L Rice, Mrs. .Alexander H., Ashbourne, Pa. p A Richardson, Thomas de Q., 439 N. Twelfth St. p A Riehle, Frederick A., 1424 N. Ninth St. c A Riehle, Frederick A. p A Ritchie, Mrs. Craig D., 414 N. Thirty-fourth St. c A Ritchie, Mrs. Craig D. p L Roberts, Mrs. Charles, 1327 Spruce St. p A Roberts, Edward, 3rd, 406 Lafayette Bldg. c A Roberts, Mrs. Emily L., Malvern, Pa. p L Roberts, Miss Frances A., 1830 S. Rittenhouse Sq. p A Roberts, CL Theodore, 1 Lexington Ave., New York. c A Roberts, G. Theodore. p L Robinson, Anthony W., 409 Chestnut St. c L Robinson, .Anthony W. c L Robinson, Mrs. .Anthony W., 409 Chestnut St. p L Rogers, Roland C., South Brownsville, Pa. p A Rohner, Henry, 201 N. Fifth St. p L Rolin, Harry M. p A Rosengarten, Miss F"annie, 1704 Walnut St. c A Rosengarten, Miss Fannie. p A Rosengarten, Joseph (L, 1704 Walnut St. c A Rosengarten, Joseph G. p L Rumpp, W. a., S. W. cor. Fifth and Cherry Sts. * Deceased. 272 i‘ L Santee, Charles.* c I. Santee, Charles* j* L Santee, Eugene Irving, M.D.* i> L Salter, William E., 2305 N. Broad St. i> A ScHEi.L, John W., Drexel Bldg. i> A Schell, Mrs. John W., Drexel Bldg. p A ScH.MiDT, C., & Sons, 127 Edward St. p L ScHurPE, Louis, 1509 \. Seventeenth St. c L ScHUTTE, Louis. p i. Schwarz, (L A * p L Scour, NIrs. Edgar, Woodbourne, Pa. c L Scott, .Mrs. Edgar. c A Scull, Mrs. William Ellis, Overbrook, p A Search, Theodore C., Park and Station Sts., Langhorne, Pa. c A Search, Theodore C. p L Seeler, Edgar V., 101 S. Juniper St. c L Seeler, Edgar p A Sheppard, J. B., ik Sons, 1008 Chestnut St. p L Shortridge, X. Parker, Wynnewood, Pa. p I. Simpson, Mrs. William, Jr., Overbrook, p A Smedley, Walter, 904 Stephen Girard Bldg, p L Smith, D. C. Wharton, 629 Church Lane, Germantown, p L Smith, Mrs. E'.dward Brinton, 306 S. Nineteenth St. p L Smith, Mrs. Jacquei.ine EIarrison, 'Fhe .Aldine. p A Smith, W. Hinckle, Liberty Bldg, p A Smucker, Edwin .\L, 5937 Overbrook .Ave. p A Snare, Jacob, 427 Walnut St. p A Snellenburg, N., & Co., Twelfth and Market Sts. p A Snellenburg, Samuel, Twelfth and Market Sts. c A Souder, Edmund .A.* p L Staake, Hon. William H., 544 N. Seventeenth St. p L Stafford, John, Broad and Norris Sts. p L Stambach, John .A., 1830 Wallace St. p A Steinmetz, Joseph Allison, Morris Bldg. p A Sternberger, Samuel.* c A Sternberger, Samuel.* p A Stevenson, George, Third and Chestnut Sts. p L Stinson, Thomas I). p A Stokes, James M., 680 Drexel Bldg. p A Stotesbury, Edward T., Drexel & Co. p L Stout, Elbridge G., 1717 Berks St. p L Strawbridge, Frederic H., School House Lane, Germantown, p A Stroud, Edw. Adams, 5830 Drexel Road, Overbrook, p L Strouse, Loeb & Co., 798 Drexel Bldg, p A Stryker, Samuel S., M.D., 3833 Walnut St. c L Stuart, Hon. Edwin S., 9 S. Ninth St. p L Sullivan, Jeremiah J., 1910 Walnut St. p L Sulzberger, Hon. Mayer, 1303 Girard Ave. p L Swain, Mrs. William M., Haverford, Pa. p .A Swartz, James S., 11 Broadway, New York, p .A Taws, Louis, 6654 Lincoln Drive, Germantown. * Deceased. 273 c A Taylor, Roland L., Morris Bldg. !• L Teller, Miss Louise S., 1727 Spring Garden St. c A Tetlow, Mrs. Clara, 3619 Baring St. !• A Thomas, James B., Burd Bldg., Ninth and Chestnut Sts. 1- A Thompson, Dr. Robert Ellis, Central High School, p A Thomson, John L., 1060 Drexel Bldg, p A Thomson, William, 64 N. Second St. c L Thorn, Miss Mary. p L Thropp, Mrs. Joseph F,., 1701 'Fwentieth St., N.W., Washington, D.C. p A Todd, Hon. M. Hampton, 2115 Spruce St. p A Trask, John K. 1). p A 'Prueman, Dr. William H., 47 High St., Germantown. p A Tryon, Edward K., Co., 10 N. Sixth St. p L Turner, Mrs. Charles P., 1506 Walnut St. p A Tyler, Sidney P'., 1234 Land Title Bldg. p L V'an Rensselaer, Col. Alexander, 1801 Walnut St. p A V'auclain, Samuel M., 500 N. Broad St. p A VON Moschzisker, Hon. Robert, City Hall p L Wainwright, Joseph R.* c L Wainwright, Joseph R.* i> A Wanamaker, Hon. John, 1301 Chestnut St. p A W ARDEN, William G., 1012 Witherspoon Bldg. p L W ATERALL, WiLLiAM, 4714 Springfield Ave. i> A Weatherly, Mrs. L. Howard, 3919 Chestnut St. p A Weaver, Hon. John, 1416 S. Penn Square. i> L Weber, Frederick.* p L Weber, William F., 509 S. Tenth St. p A Webster, (jeorge S., 4900 Penn St., PTankford. p A Weimer, .Albert B., The Aldine. p A Wells, George B., 1101 Market St. p I, Wetherill, William Henry, 3734 Walnut St. i> A Wheeler, Mrs. Charles, Bryn Mawr, Pa. c A Wheeler, Mrs. Charles. p A White, J. Clarence, 5528 Wayne Ave., Germantown, p L WiDENER, Joseph Pi., Land Title Bldg, c L WiDENER, Joseph P',. p L WiEDERSHEiM, CoL. JoHN A., 4408 Pine St. P A WiEDERSHEiM, MaJOR WiLLIAM A.* p A Wilbur, H. ()., 237 N. Third St. p L Williams, David E., Bala, Pa. p A Williams, Edward P., 500 N. Broad St. p A Williams, Ellis D., 560 Drexel Bldg, p L Wilson, Capt. J. Lapsley, Overbrook, Pa. p L WiNDRiM, James H.* c A WiNDRiM, James H.* p A WiNDRiM, John T., Commonwealth Trust Bldg, c A WiNDRiM, John T. p A WiSTER, \Irs. Jones, 1819 Walnut St. p 1, Wolf, IVIrs. .Abraham S., 1530 Green St. c L Wolf, Mrs. .Abraham S. p A Wolf, Hon. Clarence, Empire Bldg., Thirteenth and Walnut Sts. * Deceased. 274 P I. w ooD, Walter, 1620 Locust Sr. p L Wood, William, Wayne, Pa. p L Wright, W. I). Craig, 2023 Walnut St. c A Zantzinger, C. C., 112 S. Sixteenth St. c A Zantzinger, Mrs. C. C., 112 S. Sixteenth St. p L Ziegler, George J., Jr., 1534 N. Sixteenth St. p L Ziegler, Henry Z., 110 N. Thirty-fourth St. 275 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS Associate members pay one dollar annually in either Branch and two dollars for both. P indicates PARK branch. C indicates CITY branch. * indicates DECEASED. p Aerstex, Mrs. Guilliaem, Jr., 1523 Walnut St. c Aertsex, Mrs. Guilliaem, Jr. p Bradford, Mrs. T. H., 1802 De Lancey PI. c Bradford, Mrs. T. H. p Brubaker, Dr. Albert P., 3426 Powelton .Ave. p Delbert, Simox, Jr., Media, Pa. p Dorax, SIrs. E.mma C., 1851 N. Nineteenth St. c Dorax, Mrs. Emma C. p Gaskill, J. Howard, M.D., 1627 Walnut St. c Gaskill, J. Howard, M.D. p Godwix, Joseph B., 203 Walnut PI. p Ha.miltox, Mrs. Wilbur F., 327 Llandrillo Road, Cynwyd, Pa. p Howell, Cooper, 1523 Walnut St. c Howell, Cooper p Keller, Prof. Harry F., 2313 Green St. p Kessler, Joh.x, 1520 N. Twenty-fourth St. p Kusel, Dr. George C., 235 S. h'ifteenth St. p Kusel Dr. Mary H. Stilwell, 235 S. Fifteenth St. p Laird, Prof. Warrex P., L'niversity of Pennsylvania, p McMichael, Hox. Charles B., 2039 De Lancey PI. p Moxtgomery, .Mrs. J. H., 1602 W. Erie .Ave. c Mo.vtgo.mery, Mrs. J. H. p Paul, J. Rodmax, 903 Pine St. p Peters, Richard, 1101 Spruce St. p Rich, Mrs. Sarah M. S., 1820 De Lancey PI. p Rowland, .Mrs. William O., Jr., Torresdale. c Rowlaxd, Mrs. William O., Jr. p Rulox, Mrs. J. W. K., 2115 De Lancey PI. p Thomas, Ja,mes B., Jr., Burd Bldg., Ninth and Chestnut Sts. p Thomas, Mrs. Lizzie G., Burd Bldg., Ninth and Chestnut Sts. p Warrex, Hexry Mather.* p Warrex, Mrs. Hexry Mather, Devon, Pa. p Warrex, Richard F., Devon, Pa. p Wolf, Louis, Twelfth and Callowhill Sts. c A Thomson', Willia.m. p A Thorn, Miss Mary, 1527 N. Sixteenth St. ‘Deceased. 276 I N D E X Adams, Herbert 187 Annual Addresses 253-260 Art Museum 30 Baldwin, Matthias W 178 Barye, Antoine Louis 189 Beaver, Gen. James A 163 Beck, Hon. James Montgomery, LL.D., Litt.D., address 11 “Billy”.. : 183 Biographies of Founders 79-128 Bissell, Frederick Meade 83 Bissell, George Edwin 191 Boyle, John J 193 Cain, .Auguste 195 Calder, .Alexander Milne 197 Calder, .A. Sterling 199 Campbell, .Archibald 85 Cannon, Spanish 150-151 Carpenters’ Hall 179 Location of 180 “ “ Tablet..... 181 Celebration ot Fiftieth .Anniversary 10 Claghorn, James L 87 Cohen, Charles J 31, 77 & 185 Cohen, Katherine M 201 Committees 6&8 Constitution, Preamble to 262 Converse, John H 115 Cowboy 169 Cox, John Bellangee 91 Crawlord, .Andrew Wright 244 Crawford, Maj.-Gen. S. W 161 Curtin, Governor 162 Dahlgren, .Admiral 159 Dallin, Cyrus Edwin 203 Dana, Charles E 119 Danaid • 171 Diana Borghese 135 Dickens and Little Nell 177 Dolan, Thomas 93 Doves, Feeding the 171 Drexel, .Anthony J 95 Duck Girl 182 Dying Lioness 136 277 Eagle 165 Elwell, Erank Edwin 205 Ezekiel, Sir Moses 208 Fairmount Parkway 4 & 243 Feeding the Doves 171 Florentine Lions 142 Founders, Signatures ot 34—36 Fountain of Orestes and Pylades 138 Fountains, Five 139 Grand 138 Fox, Henry K 99 Fremiet, Emmanuel 211 French, Daniel C 213 Garfield, Hon. James .A 148 Gibson, Henry C 101 Grafly, Charles 217 Grant, Gen. U. S 149 Gest, John B 164 Hancock, Maj.-Gen. Winfield Scott 155 History of the Fairmount Parkway 244-252 History of the Fairmount Park .Art .A.ssociation 31-73 Horstmann, William J 103 Howell, Col. Charles H 79 Hudson Bay Wolves 134 II Penseroso 135 Illustrations of Founders 78-128 of Sculptors 185-241 Works of .Art 133-183 Japanese Temple Gate 168 Jeanne d’Arc 147 Jonsson, Finar 219 Karlsefni, Thorfinn 173 Kemeys, Edward 221 Laessle, Albert 223 Landis, Charles K 246 Lion and Serpent 176 Lioness and Boar 145 “ Dying 136 Lion Fighter 146 Lions, Florentine 142 Lippincott, Walter 105 List of Works of .Art 129-131 Manship, Paul 225 McClellan, Maj.-Gen 156 Meade, Maj.-Gen. George Gordon - 143 Medicine Man 166 278 Members Membership, Classes of Miller, Leslie W., LL.D Monumental Memorial “ “ Detail Morris, John T Murray, Samuel Ogden, H. Corbit Officers, Present Since Organization Parkwav, Fairmount Penguins Perrine, William Porter, Admiral Potter, Edward C Preamble to Constitution Remington, Frederic Rhind, L IVIassev Rush, William Saint Gaudens, Augustus Samuel, Ellen Phillips Schwarzmann, Joseph Hermann Signatures of Founders Silenus and Bacchus Smith, Joseph Frailev Smith Memorial Smith, Richard ic7 Spanish Cannon Stone Age i,. Sun-dial Tam O’Shanter it? Temple Gate, Japanese Thom, James Treasurer’s Account Trotter, Edward H 1 1 , I rustees. Present Since Organization V'onnoh, Mrs. Bessie Potter. . Ward, John Q. A 239 Waterworks, Portico of. . . . 1? 78 W ebster, George S t < 1 W hite, Samuel S 2 2^ W indrim, James H Walff, .Albert William 72i Works of .Art, Idst of 190 191 Illustrations Wrestlers 241 279 . -./.r; “ ■ ^ ‘vv^ ^ -/^V «■»- •'. ,r^ ■ ■ ■' r'f** *■ ia ' V '- i -',8 *? • ■ r ? < ^'2