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Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2016 
 
 https://archive.org/details/memoirsofhouseof00rimi_0 
 
MEMOIRS 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 HOUSE of BRUNSWICK 
 
 From the mofl early 
 
 ACCOUNTS 
 
 OF THAT 
 
 ■ILLUSTRIOUS FAMILY 
 
 TO THE 
 
 End of the Reign of King GEORGE the Firft. 
 
 To which are added 
 
 Eight large TABLES, comprehending the Genealogy 
 
 of that HOUSE 
 
 AND 
 
 A copious Index of the principal Matters contained in the Work, 
 
 By HENRY R I M I U S, 
 
 Aulic Counfellor to his late Majefty the King of Prussia, 
 
 — Genus immortak manet multofque per annos 
 Stat fortuna domus ^ avi numerantur avorum. 
 
 Virg, 
 
 LONDON. 
 
 Printed for the AUTHOR, by J. H a b e r k o R N, 
 
 And to be had at E. Comyns’s, at the Royal Exchange-, D. Wilson’s, at Plata's^ 
 Head, ne&r Round-Court in the Strand-, H. Dunoyer’s, at the Bible in the Hay-Market i 
 and J. Fbrrand’s, Teacher of the French Tongue, uxCoventry-Ceurt, Hay-Market. 
 
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 .C>- I V 
 
T O 
 
 His Royal Highnels 
 
 THE 
 
 Prince of W ALES. 
 
 SIR, 
 
 T H E Book which I have the Honour of dedicating to 
 Tour Royal Highnefs^ may be looked upon as a con- 
 tinued Series of great and worthy Actions, performed by a 
 Race of Heroes, who have diftinguifhed themfelves for many 
 Ages fucceflively, not only by their Valour, but alfo by the 
 ProtC(9:ion they ha.ve given to Liberty, Laws, Religion and 
 Sciences. 
 
 It often happens, Sir^ that the Glory acquired by Anceftors 
 becomes a Burden to their Offspring, as an uncommon Share 
 of Merit is required to keep up and perpetuate an illuftrious 
 Name : But in Tour Augufl Houfe^ where real Worth and 
 Heroifm have ever been fo confpicuous. Virtues are tranfmitted, 
 and become, as it were, an Inheritance. The great Name of 
 Brunfwick lyes in no wife heavy upon thofe that bear it ; the 
 Defendants by their worthy Adions ufually refled back on 
 their Progenitors a part of the Luftre they have derived from 
 them, and thereby contribute their Share towards immortalizing 
 the illuftrious Stock from which they have taken their Origin. 
 
 Thefe 
 
IV 
 
 DEDICATION, 
 
 Thefe Memoirs will abundantly vouch for the Truth of this 
 Aflertion, and were I to add, that Tour Royal Highnefs him- 
 felf is a living Proof of it, I fhould advance nothing but 
 what the World is thoroughly apprifed of. Among the many 
 Virtues that adorn Tour Royal Highnefs^ and that render Tou a 
 Sharer in the Glory of Tour Ancejiors^ give me Leave to 
 mention one in particular ; I mean that generous and tender 
 Concern for the Good of Mankind, that Philanthropy, which 
 fo eminently dilplays itfelf throughout Tour whole Condudl:, 
 and was fo remarkable in theirs. This has ever been efteemed 
 the Cardinal Virtue of Princes, and the Fountain of all others: 
 And this will be a glorious Topic for future Hiftorians, when 
 they lhall attempt to draw Tour Royal Highnefs s domeficy 
 foetal^ and public Character. 
 
 That Tour Royal Highnefs^ in Conjundion with Tour 
 illuflrious Confort^ may enjoy an uninterrupted Courfe of Hap- 
 pinefs, and have the Satisfaction to behold the Royal Pledges 
 of Tour' Love imitating Tour bright Examples, and diftin- 
 guifhing themfelves by the fame Zeal for the Honour of Tour 
 Augufi Houfe^ is the earned With of 
 
 SIR, 
 
 Tour Royal Highnefs^ s 
 Mof devoted 
 
 Humble Servant, 
 
 HENRY RIMIUS. 
 
THE 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 TJ IS’TORlCjiL Works requiring more Exadinefs^ 'Judgment and 
 Application, than 'Lvhat is necejfary in other Performances, this 
 kind of Writing has at all Times been deemed one of the mof difficult 
 Tajks an Author can take upon himfelf 
 
 The Ancefors of the Houfe o/Brunfwick having fro?n the earlief Times 
 made no inconfderable Figure in the World, there arifes from thence a freff 
 Difficult'^ for thofe that undertake to write on that Subjedl-, as in Ajitiquity, 
 where fo few Footffieps remain to diredl us, it is very eafy to miflake the 
 Way. In after Times ifideed, the ProfpeSi appears Jbmewhat clearer, on 
 Account of the many Authors that have occafionally commemorated the 
 ABions of the illufrious Princes of this Houfe ; but then the Number of 
 thefe Writers is fo great, that the Perufal oj them all would take up the 
 bejl Part of a Man's Life j and the utmoji CircumfpeBion will fcarce fuf- 
 fice to make a judicious Choice among them, their Reports being often repug- 
 nant to each other, according to the various Interejis they were guided by. 
 To this muf be added, that a peculiar Difadvantage occurs in the Writing of 
 this Hi/lory , which proceeds frotn the many cotemporary Branches of thej'ame 
 Family, whereby the Hijiory is rendered perplexed in m.any Places ; fo that 
 an extraordinary P atience as well as Skill is required in the Writer to avoid 
 Confufion, by diflinguiffing the Names and ABions of one Prince from 
 thofe of another. 
 
 It is probable, that infueticed by thefe Conf derations, many have been 
 deterred from undertaking fo intricate and laborious an Enterprize, who 
 perhaps otherwife might have had an Inclination to do JuJiice to this 
 illufrious Houfe. What has encouraged me, ?iotwithfanding thefe Diffi- 
 culties, to venture on a Tajk they have declined, is my having been con- 
 verfant from my earlief Tears with the Hiforians that have treated of the 
 Affairs of Germany in general, and of the Houfe ^'Brunfvvick in par- 
 ticular ; whereby I have been inabled to colleB Materials, and to digef them 
 in fuck an Order as to fforten my own Labour, and at the fame Time to 
 confult the Eafe of the Reader. 
 
 The 
 
VI 
 
 The PREFACE. 
 
 "The Method I ha^oe purfued ‘willy I prefume, be found the mojl natural 
 one I could have pitched upon. By clofely foUmving the Order of T imei 
 from the Begmning to the End, I have avoided that Co 7 ifufion and in- 
 tangling of Matters, whereto Hijiorical Works are liable, when Chro- 
 nology is not ftriSily attended to. As the Houfe of Brunfwick by the 
 Male Line defeends from the Houfe of Efte, it was neceffary to begin 
 thefe Memoirs by giving an Account of that Family to the Time of 
 Azo IV’j removing to Germany. The Alliance then made between him 
 and Cunigunda obliged me to treat of this Princefs’s Ancejiors or of 
 the Guelphic Family, not o?ily on Account that the Houfe of Brunfwick 
 is thence defended by the Female Line, but likewife becaufe the Territo- 
 ries this Family enjoyed originally, were the ancient patrimofiial States 
 of that Houfe in Germany. On the fame Account it was iteceffary, on 
 Henry the Proud’j marrying Gertraut Daughter of the E?nperor Lo- 
 tharius, to mention the Saxon Kings and Witekind the Great’j Pofierity, 
 this Prmcefs's Ancefors ; not only becaufe this is tl^e other Female Line, 
 from whence the Houfe of Brunfwick takes its Origin, but alfo becaufe 
 the Saxon and Brunfwick Dominions were by her brought to the 
 Guelphic Family. From the Time of this Union I have continued the 
 Hiflojy of the Hoife of Brunfwick downwards in one Series. The Di- 
 grefjion in the Life of the Emperor Otho IV. cannot properly be called 
 an If2terruption, or if fo, is at leaf a neceffary one, as it was impofjible to 
 underfund the Grounds of the Difputes this Pri?2Ce had with the See 
 of Rome, without giving a fort Accou22t of the Means the Popes had 
 made TJfe of at fu?2dry Times to mlarge their Dominions and Authority. 
 
 The bad Exafnple the two Brothers Albertus Magnus and John fet 
 to their Poferity by dividing their Domh2io2is, havmg beat clofely fol- 
 lowed by the lafi for many CentU2'ies, I had but one of thefe two Ways to 
 chufe ; either fo treat of each Branch by itfelf, or to relate the ASlions of 
 thofe Princes that lived at or near the fame Tme, without giving fepar ate 
 Accounts of each Lme. This laf Method appeared to me preferable, as I 
 fould elfe have been obliged contmually to retur22 to the fame Periods already 
 treated of, which would have probably puzzled and confounded the Reader, 
 
 Moreover had I purfued the firf Scheme, there would have been a Ne- 
 cefity of makh2g frequent Repetitions, on Account that fundry ASliojis 
 of thofe Prii2ces, that lived at the fatite Time, are interwoven with each 
 other. Upon the whole it timf be admitted, that by the Method lhave 
 followed, the Hijlory is reprejented m a clearer and tnorc advantageous 
 
 Light 
 
The PREFACE. vii 
 
 Light than it would have appeared in, had I made feparate Recitals j but 
 thereby my Labour has been conjiderably increafed, an uncommon Degree 
 of Attention and ExaSlnefs having been requifite to avoid Mifakes in 
 Matters as well as Names : Mijlakes, which are very eafy to be com- 
 mitted in treating of feveral Lines at the fame Lime, efpecially where 
 two or more Princes oj difindi Branches bear the fame Name, as it happens 
 not feldom in this Hiftory. The Connexion it is true, could not be fo rigor oif- 
 ly obferved in following this Method, on Account of the frequent Lratif- 
 tions from one Prince to another ; but this Inconvenience, it is pre- 
 fumed, will appear very infgnificant, when compared with thofe the 
 Reader muf have unavoidably 77iet with, had each Line been treated of 
 feparately. Lo obviate as 7nuch as pojjible every Doubt that might arife 
 in perufng this Work, Lables have been added and referred to in the 
 Mar gent, as often as a new Name occurs-, and we may vc77ture to fay, 
 that the Public, on barely infpeltmg them, will be made fe7ifible that 
 neither Pains nor Coft have been fpared, to render thefe Memoirs as 
 intelligible a7id as compleat as their Concifenefs would allow of 
 
 As the many Branches, which for7nerly made up the Houfe Brunfwick 
 have been for this la ft Century and upwards reduced to two, 7iamed the 
 Houfe of Brunfwick Wolffenbuttel and the Houfe of Briinfwick Lune- 
 burg, 1 have from that Lme treated of each Houfe feparately. However, 
 for the Convenie7icy of the Reader, fuch Occurrences, wherein both Houfes 
 were equally co7icerned, have been related together. 
 
 Nothing has been advanced in thefe Memoirs but upon very good Autho- 
 rity, and fuch has been my fcrupulous Attachment to the Guides I 
 had before me, that I have not wilfully deviated from them in one fmgle 
 Infance, though I was fenftble fc77ie Part of my Performance would there- 
 by bear an Appearance of Obfeurity. I intended, at my frft fettmg out, 
 to add Rotations in the Margent, and even the Words of the Authors, 
 where they difagree from each other : But conjidering that a great ma 7 iy 
 of thefe Authors had wrote in the German Longue, I was foon con- 
 vinced of the XJfelefnefs of fuch References to an EnglilTi Reader. How- 
 ever that the Public may not be at a Lofs for the Names of my Vouchers, 
 I Jhall here give a fjort Account of thofe I have chief y confiiUed in 
 compiling thefe Memoirs, 
 
 It 
 
viii rhi PREFACE. 
 
 Jt being a general Opinion among thofe that have verote on this SuhjeSl\ 
 that the lioiife of Brunfwick is defeended from that of Efte, (a) 1 rnuji 
 take Notice, that Muratori in particular has proved this Afertion in a 
 Work intitled: Trattato delle Antichita Eftenfi cd Italiane. 
 
 Though all the Writers who fay any thing of the Houfe of Efte, highly 
 extol its Antiquity, (b) they differ neverthelef in the Period frojn whence 
 they begin their Accounts of it. I have followed Hieronymus Faleta in 
 his Genealogia Marchionum Eftenfmm & Ducum Ferraria?, ajid John 
 Baptifta Pigna in his Work intitled de Principibus Ateftinis libr. VIII. 
 Both are Italians ; the firfi was employed by the Houfe of Modena anfl 
 Ferrara in feveral AmbaJJies to the Emperor Charles V. a?id other Courts^ 
 and has made himflf famous by feveral of his Writings ; as has the latter 
 likewife, who lived in the fame Age. Their Opinions have been adopted by 
 Hieronymus Henninges, Wolf. Lazius, Joh. Mierselius, Ant. Albizius, 
 Hildebrand, Winckelman, and feveral others. 
 
 The Genealogical Works of Reufnerus and. J. P". Feller have been of 
 Ufe to me, chief y thofe of the latter, which give an Account of the Guel- 
 phic Family, and of the ancient Kings of Burgundy, who were a Branch 
 of it. However I have not adopted their Opinions any further^ tha?i as 
 they appear to be conffent with the Authority of others. 
 
 Leibnitz’s Scriptures rerum Brunfuicenfium illuftrationi infervientes 
 &c. is a Work abfolutely neceffary to fich as write on the Hifory of the 
 Houfe o/' Brunfwick. It is a Colledlion of above i^o old TraBs and Ex- 
 cerpta of ancient and fcarce Authors, wrote partly in Latin, and partly 
 in the old Saxon Tongue, printed together in three large Volumes in Folio. 
 Some of thefe Writings, as Botho’s Chronicle, Stadwegius, Lange, the 
 
 (a) Peter dc Ludewig, late Chancellor of the Univerfity of Halle, in his Germania Princeps, 
 publiflicd under the Name of Gio’vanni , exprefles himfelf thus Libr. VI. c. I. §. i. 
 Pluritnum Germania Principum Jlemmata ex Italia adducuntur. Sed nulla clariori jure, quant Ducum 
 BrunfuUenfium. Horum enim majores ab antiquijjima Atejiinorum familia, redo ac genuino ordine 
 procejfijf}, peculiari epere luculenter docuit Pigna, Italus ac domejiicus feriptor. 
 
 ( b ) As Princes are never lavifh in acknowledging the Antiquity of each others Houfes, and may 
 therefore be looked upon as the beft Vouchers in Cafes of this Nature, it will not be improper to men- 
 tion here, out of Feller''^ Genealogy of the Houfe of Brunfwick, p. 132. that the Emperor Leopold 
 ha\ing granted in 1695, the Title of SereniJJimut io Reinald I. Duke of Modena and his Defcen- 
 dants, makes Ufe of the following Words in the Diploma given on that Account; Perpendentes ex- 
 telfa Atefiina gentis decora, ex qua non modo per Italiatn, fed per ultimas Europa partes, ac potijp- 
 mum per Gcrmaniam, clarijfm/e Principum Familta funt derinjatee, antiquijfimam fanguinis nobili- 
 tatem, quant omnium hiforiarum tnonumenta ita commendant, ut parem in Italia innjenire dificillimi fit 
 negotii, quippe, quee centinua plurmorum feculorum ferie, amplijfimis fiatibus ditionibufq', dominate isfe. 
 
 Luneburg 
 
IX 
 
 The PREFACE. 
 
 Luneburg Chronicle, Excerpta Chronic! Hermann! Corner! &c. haxe 
 been of great Ser‘vice to me ; as well as the Collet ion of Meibomius the 
 younger, comprifed in three Volumes in Folio. Fhe fame may be fatd oj 
 ArnoldusLubecenhs’sChronicon Slavorum, Conrad! Urfpergenfis’s Chro- 
 nicon, that Albertus Stadenfis, Albertus Crantzius’s Saxonia, 
 Metropolis, which containmany Incidents relating to the Houfe oj Bruniwick, 
 But as the laji of thefe Authors fbews much Partiality towards tke Houfe oj 
 Saxony, Ihaveufed his Authority with Caution. 
 
 Sagittarius’s Performances intitled, Origines Ducum Brunfuico-Lune- 
 burgenfium, de origine & incrementis Luneburgi, Memorabilia Hil- 
 torijE Luneburgicae, have been no lefs helpj'ul to me j as likewife Reinerus 
 Reineccius de Saxonum Originibus, Conringius de Finibus German! Im- 
 perii, and feveral German Chronicles^ wrote by Spangenberg, Lehman, 
 Peterfen, Letzner, Schloepke, Hamelman, Traziger, P. Albinu?, on 
 differait Parts of Germany ; many Circumjiances occurring therein which 
 nearly relate to tke Houfe oj' Brunfwick. 
 
 Henry the Lyon’s Marriage with Mathilda, Daughter of King Henry 
 II, and the Concerns he, and his Son the Emperor Otho IV, had with 
 Richard I. and John, Kings of England, making it necejfary to cotifult 
 Ihiglifli Authors on thefe Points ; 1 have not confined jnyJ’elflo the AhjlraB 
 Leibnitz has given of Roger Hoveden,. in his Scriptores Brunfuicenfcs, 
 but have confuted the Author himfelf as ^vell as Matthew Paris, Polyd. 
 Virgilius, and other Englifli Authors. 
 
 Thuanus, Sleldan, Fabriclus’s Saxonia illuftrata, and PuffendorfF have 
 afforded me great Ajjifiance in the compiling thoj’e Falls that regard later 
 Times ; as have ImhofF’s Notitia procerum Imperii, Ludewig’s Germa- 
 nia princeps, and feveral Authors in the German Tongue, as Theobald’s 
 Huliken Krieg, Seckendorff s Hillorie des Lutherthums , Lunig’s 
 Reichs-Aichiv, Europseiiher Herold, L^mig’s Reichs Cantzeley, Euro- 
 psifhe Fama, Fabri Staats Cantzeley, Hamburg. (he Hiffcorilhe Remar- 
 quen, Pfeffinger’s Merckwiirdigkeiten des XVII. Seculi, LudohF’s Shau- 
 biihne, Ziegler’s Labyrinth der Zeit, Happelii Kern-Chronic. 
 
 I mufl not omit, that the ingenious a?id learned Mr. Erath’s ConfpeCcus 
 Hidoriae Brunfuico-Luneburgicae univerfalis in tabulas chronologicas Sc 
 genealogicas divifus &c. has been more than once oj' great Help to me for 
 the Chronological Part ; and that lam indebted for feveral Circumjiances oj"' 
 Falls, chiefly with Regard to later Times, to Friends, whofe Diligence and 
 V eracity I have not the leafi Room to quefiwi. 
 
X 
 
 rhe PREFACE. 
 
 ‘TJjiis I have brought thefe Memoirs to the Form they now appear in. As 
 no regular Hijiory of the Houfe of BinMvilck has^asyet^ been puhlifhed in 
 a?iy Language, I dare flatter myfelf that the Reader, on confldering the 
 Arduoufnefs of theFaJk,will excufe theFrrors that may have efcaped my No- 
 tice, and not take it amifs if every SubjeB has not been as fully handled as 
 he could have wifloed. In magnis fat eft aliquid fecifte. 
 
 I cannot conclude this Preface, without mentioning the particular Obli- 
 gation 1 lay under to my worthy Friend the Reverend Mr. Majendie, whofe 
 judgment I have often confulted in this Perfonnatice with much S> at isf ac- 
 tion, a?id whofe kind Afliflance intitles him to this publick Acknowledgment 
 at my Hands. 
 
 P. S. Whilfl thefe Memoirs were in the Prefs, I was hiformed, that a 
 Print had been publifloed by Sir Thomas Brand, called the Sixteen Hran- 
 clies of his Majefty King George I. It being natural, that 1 Jhould look 
 into fuch Performances as have any Relation to my Pu pofe, I took an Op- 
 portunity of viewing both the Original Draught and the Print -, wherein it 
 mufl be confefled, that much Ingenuity has betn difplayed in the Contrivance 
 and ornamental Parts. However, as this Print, to tnake Ufe of the Au- 
 thor's ExpreJJions in his Propofals, is publi floe d to the End, th.t the Per- 
 formance may bepreferved to Futurity, in Cafe the Original ftiould be 
 deftroyed by Fire or any other Accident that may happen ; I find myfelf 
 obliged, not with a View to depreciate the Performance itfelf but out of 
 Regard to Truth, to make fome Animadverflons upon it. And firfl it feems 
 flrange, that Erneft Auguftus, Father to his late Majefty King George, floould 
 have an Eledloral Crown, without Mention being made in his Title that he 
 was Eleklcr of the P.omzr\ Empire-, and that George, Grand Father, Wil- 
 liam, Great Gra7id Father, and Erneft, Great Great Grand Father of 
 his late. Majefty, floould have EleSloral Crowns, though they never were 
 Electors. 1 Jhall obj'erve in the next Place, that it were to be wifloed as 
 much Care had been taken in the Chrojiological and Genealogical Part, as in 
 the Embellifhments in Architefture and Statuary j whereby a great Part 
 of the M flakes that have crept into the few Names and Dates that occur in 
 it, might have been avoided. Some of thefe are too conflderable to be paffed 
 over in Silence, as for Inflance : the Death of Ann Eleanor, Wife of 
 George Duke of Luneburg is placed in 1640; inflead of 16 -, the Birth 
 0/ Chriftian III. King of Denmark in 1503, inflead of 1504; the 
 Birth of Frederic II. Kifig of Denmark in 1634, inflead of 1534 j his 
 Death in 1688, inflead of 1588. Eleanor, Daughter of the Duke of 
 
 Wurtenberg 
 
XI 
 
 The PREFACE. 
 
 Wurtenberg, h by the Author /aid to be Mother of Lewis Landgra^je of 
 HefTe Darmftadt, whereas her Name was Magdalen, Daughter of Bern- 
 hard Count of Lippe. I find the Father of Frederic IV. EleSior Pala- 
 tine called Lewis IV, whereas it Jhould ha've been Lewis VI ; when he 
 mentions Sophia Wife of Frederic II. King of Denmark, he calls her 
 Sophia Ulrick, whereas he ought to have fet down Sophia^ Daughter of 
 Ulric, Duke of Mecklenburg, k^c. 
 
 Advertifement to the Bookbinder. 
 
 T he Tables, which are to be placed at the End of the Book, 
 muft be palled in on fmall Guards in the fame Manner as is done 
 with Geographical Maps, in order that they may be read without draw- 
 ing them out. The Book muft not be cut too much for Fear of damag- 
 ing the Tables. N. B. Pages 2-y, 29, 41, 55, 175, 211, 285, and 
 343, muft be cancelled, and the Leaves which are printed together oi| 
 two Sheets, are to be placed in their Stead. 
 
 A LIST 
 
A 
 
 LIST 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Subscribers to thefe Memoirs. 
 
 His Royal Highnefs the Prince of Wales io Books. 
 His Royal Highnefs the Duke of Cumberland 5 Books. 
 
 T H E Right Hon. the Countefs 
 of Albemarle. 
 
 G. Abbott Efqj 
 Mr. Achard. 
 
 Mr. Robert Alexander, Merchant in 
 Edinburgh. 
 
 Mr. Angelo de Angelis. 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Aufrere. 
 
 B 
 
 The Right Honourable the Lord 
 Belhaven. 
 
 The Right Honourable Count Ben- 
 tinck. 
 
 Mr. Bagholtze. 
 
 The Honourable Charles Count Ben- 
 tinck. 
 
 Sacville Bale Efq j 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Nathaniel Ball. 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Edward Barnard, 
 Fellow of St. John’s Cambridge. 
 
 George Bafkerville Gent. 
 
 Stucley Bayntun Efq.; Colleflor of 
 the Cuftoms at Barnftaple. 
 
 Thomas Belfches Efq ; Prefenter of 
 Signatures to his Royal Highnefs 
 the Prince of Wales at Edinburgh. 
 
 John Belfches of Innermay Efq ; 
 
 Slinglby Bethell Efq ; 
 
 W. Blair Efq ; 
 
 Mrs. Jane Boehm. 
 
 The Honourable Mrs. Boothby. 
 
 Mr. H. C. Bordenman. 
 
 Mr. Brande. 
 
 Mr. Brandes, Secretary to the Privy- 
 Council at Hanover. 
 
 John Briftow Efq; 
 
 Mr. William Budge Writer to the 
 Signet at Edinburgh. 
 
 Edward Burrow Efq; Deputy Comp- 
 troller at Hull. 
 
 Jofeph 
 
Xlll 
 
 A L/iJl of the S u 
 
 Jofeph Burrow Efq ; Colledor at 
 Whitehaven. 
 
 C 
 
 The Moft Reverend the Archbiibop 
 of Canterbury. 
 
 The Right Honourable Lord Vif- 
 count Coke 4 Books. 
 
 The Right Honourable the Lady 
 Caroline Cowper. 
 
 Sir William Calvert, Knt. 
 
 J. Girardot de Chancourt Efq; 
 
 Mr. Charpin. 
 
 Colonel Chenevix. 
 
 General Churchill. 
 
 Mifs Churchill. 
 
 Charles Cope Efq; 
 
 Sir Clement Cottereh Dormer, ' 
 
 Mr. Thomas Craigie, Profeifor of 
 Moral Philofophy in the Univerli- 
 ty of Glafgow. 
 
 John Craigie of Kilgrafton Efq ; 
 
 Robert Craigie Efq ; Advocate. 
 
 Samuel Crarghead Efq; 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Patrick Cuning Mi- 
 nifter in Edinburgh. 
 
 Mr. Alexander Cunningham, Wri- 
 ter to the Signet at Edinburgh. , 
 
 D 
 
 His Grace the Duke of Dorfet. 
 
 The Right Honourable the Earl of 
 Drumlanrig. 
 
 Mr. de Daguelfeau, Grand Chancelier 
 de France. 
 
 — Daude, Efq; 
 
 Mr. Griffith Davies, Efq; Collector 
 of the Cuftoms at Harwich. 
 
 Mr. Ifaac Day. 
 
 Mr. Jofeph Deane, Efq; Collector 
 of the Cuftoms at Carlifle. 
 
 ESCRIBERS. 
 
 Colonel Dejean, 2 Books. 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Crefar De Mifty. 
 James Dewar of Vogrie, Efq; 
 
 Tho. Dinely Efq; 
 
 James George Douglas, Efq; 
 
 F. P. Duval M. D. 
 
 E. 
 
 The Right Honourable Lady Eger- 
 ton. 
 
 The Honourable and Reverend Mr. 
 
 John Eger ton. 
 
 Colonel Elliot. 
 
 John Erfkine Efq ; Advocate. 
 
 F 
 
 William Fauquier Efq; 
 
 Kenelm Fawkener Efq; 
 
 Jofeph Fawthrop Efq; 
 
 Mrs. Jane Ferrand. 
 
 The Hon. William Henry Fortef- 
 cue Efq; 
 
 Thomas Freeman Efq ; 
 
 Salomon de Fremery Efq; 2 Books. 
 
 G 
 
 The Right Honourable the Earl of 
 Galloway. 
 
 The Right Honourable Lady Gower. 
 The Right Honourable the Earl of 
 Grantham. 
 
 Mrs. Jane Gaily. 
 
 James Girardot Efq ; 
 
 Thomas Godfrey Efq; 
 
 Sir John Gordon Bart. 
 
 Charles Hamilton-Gordon Efq; Ad- 
 vocate. 
 
 James Grahame Efq; Advocate. 
 
 Caleb Grantham Efq; 
 
 G. T. Guiguer Efq; 
 
 General Guife. 
 
 The 
 
XIV 
 
 A Lift of the Subscribers. 
 
 H 
 
 The Right Honourable Lady Archi- 
 bald Hamilton. 
 
 His Excellency Count Haflang, En- 
 voy Extraordinary from the Elec- 
 tor of Bavaria. 
 
 The Right Honourable the Vifeoun- 
 tefs Howe. 
 
 Mr. John Haberkorn. 
 
 Thomas Hall Efq; 
 
 IVIr. Gavin Hamilton Bookfeller in 
 Edinburgh 38 Books. 
 
 tienry Harnage Efqj of the Cuftom 
 Houfe. 
 
 Mr. Peter Hemet. 
 
 Robert Hepburn of Bands Efq; 
 
 Mr. de Holfmann, Secretary of Am- 
 baffy charged with the Affairs of 
 his Majefty the King of Poland. 
 
 Mr. William Hogg, Merchant in E- 
 dinburgh. 
 
 Mrs. Jane Holden. 
 
 Hugonin Efq j 
 
 Mr. Andrew Hume. 
 
 Herbert Hyde Efq; 
 
 Mifs Mary Hyde. 
 
 I 
 
 Mr. Ja?ger. 
 
 Dr. James, of Craig’r Court, Char- 
 ing-Crofs. 
 
 Stephen Theodore Janffen, Efq; 
 
 Henry Innes of Borlum, Efq; 
 
 Mr. Tobias Johnfon, of the Cuf- 
 toms at NewcafUe. 
 
 Mr. John Joung. 
 
 Sir William Irby, Bart. 
 
 K 
 
 The Honourable Henry Knight, 
 
 Mrs. Kien. 
 
 L 
 
 The Right Honourable the Earl of 
 Leven. 
 
 The Right Honour. Lady Limerick. 
 
 The Right Hon. LordLuxborough. 
 
 Mr. Ifaac Lacam. 
 
 Richard Langley, Efq; of Wick- 
 ham Abbey, Yorkfhire, 
 
 Mr. S. Lawrence. 
 
 Daniel Peter Layard M. D. 
 
 The Reverend Mr. Leichman, Pro- 
 feffor of Divinity in the Univer- 
 ty of Glafgow. 
 
 Mrs. Led. 
 
 The Reverend Mr. George Logan, 
 Minifter in Edinburgh. 
 
 Henry Loubier, Efq; 
 
 John Lewis Loubier, Efq; 
 
 Mr. James Lucas, of Chelmsford. 
 
 Edward Lyde, Efq; 
 
 M 
 
 Major James Macdonald. 
 
 Mr Charles Macky, Profeflbr of 
 Hiftory in the Univerfity of Edin- 
 burgh. 
 
 Nicholas Magens, Efq; 
 
 The Reverend Mr. Majendie, one 
 of the Preachers of the Savoy, 
 and Chaplain to the Right Hon. 
 the Earl of Grantham. 
 
 Mr. Galfridus Mann. 
 
 Matthew Maty, M. D. 
 
 Mr. John Meyer. 
 
 Mr. Michell, Secretary of Ambafly 
 from the King of Pruflia, 4 Books. 
 
 Miller. 
 
XV 
 
 A Liji of the 
 
 Mr. Miller. 
 
 — — Miner, Efqj 2 Books* 
 
 John Mitchell, M. D. 
 
 Mifs Mollineux. 
 
 David MoncriefFe, Efqj 
 
 Lady Monoux. 
 
 William Morehead, Efqj 2 Books. 
 
 Sir Harry Munro, Bart, Member of 
 Parliament. 
 
 N 
 
 His Grace the Duke of Newcaftle 
 2 Books. 
 
 The Right Honourable the Earl of 
 Northelk. 
 
 Colonel Peter Naizon. 
 
 Mr. John Newbery. 
 
 Daniel Newman, Efqj 
 
 John Nicolfon, Efqj 
 
 James Nimmo, Efqj 
 
 Samuel Norman, Efq; 
 
 O 
 
 Timothy Otbie, Efqj Collector of 
 the Cuftoms at Scarborough. 
 
 P 
 
 His Grace the Duke of Portland. 
 
 The Right Honourable the Countefs 
 of Portland. 
 
 The Right Honourable the Countefs 
 of Pembroke. 
 
 Mr. J. Palairet, Agent of his Serene 
 Highnefs the Prince of Orange. 
 
 2 Books. 
 
 Mr. Palman. 
 
 David Papillon, of Acrife, in the 
 County of Kent Efq; 
 
 David Papillon jun. Efq; 
 
 Mr. John Baptift Pellieux. 
 
 Mr. David Perrin, Teacher of Ma- 
 
 SUESCRIEERS. 
 
 thematicks and the French Tongue. 
 6 Books. 
 
 Philips, Efq; 
 
 Mrs. Maria Plenius. 
 
 Mr. William Prince. 
 
 Mr. Pitius Minifter at the German 
 Chappel in the Savoy. 
 
 Richard Pye Efq j 
 
 His Grace the Duke of Qi^ensbarry. 
 
 John Quane Efq ; 
 
 Mrs. Quane. 
 
 Robert Q^rme Efq; Colledor at 
 Truro. 
 
 R 
 
 The Right Hon. the Lord Rofs. 
 
 Edward Radcliife Efq j 
 
 Robert Balfour-Ramfay Efq; 
 
 Mr. Charles Ramfay, Chirurgeon in 
 Edinburgh. 
 
 Henry Raper Efq; 
 
 G. A. de Reiche Efq; 4 Books. 
 
 William Reveley Efq; 
 
 Mrs. Robethon. 
 
 Colonel Scrach Rode, Governor of 
 Long Fort. 
 
 Mr. George Rols, Profeffor of Hu- 
 manity in the Univer. of Glafgow. 
 
 David Rofs M. D. 
 
 Jodiua Rougemont Efq; 
 
 Mr. Thomas Ruddiman, A. M. 
 Keeper of the Advocates Library 
 in Edinburgh. 
 
 His Excellency Baron Sohlendahl, 
 Ambaflador from the King of 
 Denmark 4 Books. 
 
 His 
 
XVI 
 
 A Lift of the Subscribers. 
 
 His Excellency Baron Steinberg. 
 General St. Hippolite, 
 
 John Sallier Efq; 
 
 Mrs. Judith Vanacker Sambrooke. 
 Lieut. Colonel Saurin. 
 
 Thomas Savill Efq; 
 
 Sir Geo. Saville Bart. 
 
 Mr. Jn. Schmeidl. 
 
 Auguftus Schutz Efq; 
 
 William Sharpe Efq; 
 
 P. Shaw M. D. 
 
 William Shewen Efq; Colledlor at 
 Swanzey. ' 
 
 P. Simcnd Efq; 
 
 John Sinclair of Frefwick Efq; 
 
 John Skinner, A. M. at Henley upon 
 Thames. 
 
 William Sloper, Efq; Member of 
 Parliament. 
 
 Charles Smyth Efq ; 
 
 Mr. Ed. Staines. 
 
 Stevenfcn M. D. 
 
 Mr. James Stuart, Writer in Edin- 
 burgh. 
 
 M rs. Styleman. 
 
 Langdale Sunderland, Efq; Collec- 
 tor at Newcaftle. 
 
 Colonel Swerdfeger. 
 
 T 
 
 Thomas Thomas Efq; 
 
 John Thompfon Efq; 
 
 John Thornhagh Efq; 
 
 The Hon. Thomas Townfliend Efq; 
 Lewellen Traherne, Efq; Collec- 
 
 tor of the Cuftoms at Cardiffe, 
 
 U V 
 
 Alexander Udney of Udney Efq; 
 
 James Vernon Efq; 
 
 Mrs. de Volckerfhoven. 
 
 W 
 
 The Right Reverend the Bifhop of 
 Winchefter. 
 
 The Right Reverend the Bifhop of ^ 
 Waterford, 
 
 George Warrender of BruntsfieldEfq; 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Alexander Webfter^ 
 Minifter in Edinburgh. 
 
 Mr. Daniel Werner. 
 
 Mr. William Whinfield. 
 
 James Whitchurch Efq; 
 
 John White Efq; 
 
 Mr. Thomas White. 
 
 Sir Cyrill Wich Bart. 2 Books. 
 
 Laurence Williams Efq; 
 
 E. Wilmot M. D. 
 
 The Rev. Mr. George Wifhart, Mi- 
 nifter in Edinburgh. 
 
 The Rev. William Wifhart, D. D. 
 Principal of the Univerfity of 
 Edinburgh. 
 
 William Wollafton Efq; 
 
 Y 
 
 The Right Honourable the Counted 
 of Yarmouth 2 Books. 
 
 Z 
 
 Mr. de Zohrern, Secretary of Am- 
 balfy charged with the Affairs of 
 their Imperial Majefties. 
 
 f^evcral Lifts of the Suhfcrihers not being yet fent in, 'we are obliged to fofl- 
 pone the infterting their Names to the fecond Edition. 
 
 MEMOIRS 
 
M E 
 
 M O I R S 
 
 OF THE 
 
 HOUSE of B RU N SWICK. 
 
 F rom the remoteft Antiquity it was always efteemed 
 a high Honour, to have defcended from an illuftrious 
 and ancient Race ; and none have ever affumed the Con- 
 fidence to undervalue thefe Advantages, except thofe, whofe 
 Families have had neither Virtue nor Antiquity to boaft of. 
 The Genealogy of the Grecian Heroes makes a confiderable 
 Figure in the Iliad ; and Horace reprefents the Author of it, 
 as a mofl excellent Judge of the Fitnefs of Things. We might 
 -farther add, that the Patriarchs would fcarcely have preferved 
 their Genealogy with fo much Care, if they had not been per- 
 fuaded, that the Glory of the Anceftor was in fome Degree 
 hereditary, and communicated a Luflre to Pofiierity. 
 
 There is no fovereign, or illuftrious Houfe on Earth, whofe 
 memorable Actions Authors in different Ages have more endea- 
 voured to. preferve from Oblivion, than thofe of the Mofi: Serene 
 Houfe of Br.unswick. The Number of Volumes, which have 
 been written in feveral Languages, and in different Parts of Eu- 
 rope^ on Subjects relating to thi&Hiftory, according to a Catalogue 
 lately publifhed, amounts to feveral Thoulandsj and it is pro- 
 bable, that a great many may have efcaped the Attention or 
 
 B Jndufiry 
 
2 
 
 Memoirs of tJoe Houfe <?/ B R u N s w i c k. 
 
 Induftry of the Colkaor, and that a flill greater Part were 
 loft in the many Wars, wherewith Germany and Italy have 
 been diftrefted j in which, undoubtedly, no greater Indulgence 
 has been fhewn to publick Records, than to other Things perifti- 
 able by Flames. 
 
 It is the Dignity and Importance of this Family, and its An- 
 tiquity, which has occafioned this extraordinary Care to tranfmit 
 their Annals to Pofterity. There has fcarcely been any Acftion 
 of Confequence, during many Centuries, either relative to War 
 or Peace, in which one or other of this Lineage has not adled 
 a confiderable Part j and its Antiquity is fo great, that we find 
 Traces of it long before the Birth of Chrijl^ and can deduce it, 
 without Interruption, for near Fourteen Hundred Years. 
 
 The Anceftors of the Male Line of this illuftrious Houfe 
 derive their Origin from the AdHiy a noble Homan Family, ce- 
 lebrated in ancient Hiftory j who from their Settlement at Ljley 
 were called the Houfe of EJley and, many Centuries before Char- 
 lemaigne came to Italy, had large Pofteffions there, and diftin- 
 guiftied themfelves by their gallant Defence of their Country. 
 
 The Anceftors of the Female Line are the Guelphs and JVit- 
 tekind the Great. The Guelphs, who defcend from the ancient 
 Kings of the Sicambri, afterwards called Franks, claim Charles 
 the Great, and all the Carlovingian Emperors, as Branches of 
 their Family ; and as for Wittekind the Great, the other An- 
 ceftor of the Female Lme, the long Race of Saxon Kings, his 
 Forefathers, and the many Emperors, his Pofterity, from whom 
 the Houfe of Brimfwick defcends, add not a little Splendour to 
 the Antiquity of this Family, which thus has centered in it the 
 moft illuftrious Blood of the South, the Wejl, and the North. 
 
 It would be in vain to boaft of fo glorious a Lineage, if the 
 Defendants had not, by their own great Adtions, proved them- 
 felves worthy of their illuftrious Anceftors. But we fhall not 
 anticipate, in this Place, the Satisfadtion the Reader will have, 
 upon this Head, in the enfuing Pages. We fhall only remark. 
 
3 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 that Heaven feems to have ihowered down Regal and Imperial 
 Diadems on this Race of Heroes, as a Reward of Fortitude and 
 Virtue. 
 
 The Atii, or Accii^ a noble Family of Rome in The Anceftors 
 
 the Time of its Republican Government, retired to EJle^ or 
 Atejiey an ancient (a) City in that Part of Italy^ which is of the Male 
 now called the Venetian Lofnhardy, and fi'om thence received Houfe^ol^fte^ 
 the Name of Atefiina Domus, or the Houfe of EJle. It ap- Tacit. 1.3. 
 pears, by authentic Authors, that this Family was long before 
 great Repute, and that Romulus had a Statue eredled to them, 
 an Honour the Romans never conferred, except on account of 
 the higheft Merit. One of that Family, named Cajus ASiius^ 
 was known in the Time oiTarquinius PrifcuSj about 600 Years 
 before the Birth of Chnyi ; and another, whofe Name was 
 Marcus ABius Balbus, according to Suetonius (b)^ had in Mar- 
 riage Julia^ Sifter of Cajus Julius Ccefar^ and his Daughter ABia 
 was the Mother of the Emperor OBavius Augujlus Ccefar. 
 
 The Retirement of this Family is, without Doubt, the Rea- 
 fon, that we have no fatisfacftory Account of it to the Year 390 
 after the Birth of Chrijl 3 and the great Migrations of the many 
 barbarous Nations, which foon after began to change the Face 
 of Italy, appear to be the Occafion, that this warlike Family 
 made itfelf known again, in the Defence of their Country. 
 
 Thus much is certain, that the Genealogy of the Houfe of EJle, 
 and confequently that of the Houfe of Brunfunck, can be dedu- 
 ced from that Time to this Day without Interruption. 
 
 Cajus ABius of EJle, who lived in the Year 390, had a Son TaWe i. 
 of the fame Name, who rendered himfelf famous in the Wars^ 59 °* 
 which the Emperor Honorius carried on againft the Wiji-Goths, 
 who under Alaric, their King, invaded Italy in the Beginning of 
 the Fifth Century. The Valour which he ftiewed in the Battle 
 that happened near Verona, procured him the Dignities of ^atuor 
 Vir, Decurio, and Senator of Rome, and he became Prince of 
 EJle in 402. A few Years after, in Conjun(ftion with Stilico, he 402. 
 
 B 2 defeated. 
 
4 
 
 405. 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 
 
 defeated, near Florence^ another Swarm of 200,000 Goths, or 
 Heridi, who under the Command of Radagaifus endeavoured 
 to fettle in Italy ; but thefe Vidories were little purfued, on ac- 
 count of the fecret Views Stilt co had to procure his Son, Eucba- 
 rinus, the Succeflion to the Throne during the Trou- 
 
 bles, which of Neceffity mulf arife from the Continuance of 
 thefe Commotions. Cajiis Adi his. Prince of EJle, died in 410. 
 Of his tliree Sons, Flavius AtJius, Cajus Xillus, and Aurelius 
 ' Acliiis, the youngeft continued the Family. The States of the 
 Houfe of EJle became gradually more extenfive ; the Sons of 
 Aurelius Adiius, who were named Lucius, Fiberius, and Fore- 
 Jlus, acquired Monjelico, Vicenza, Feltri, and built the City of 
 Ferrara. Forefius fought in the great Battle, which the Romans 
 gave to Attila King of the Hunni, {\wCampis Catalaunicis) near 
 Chalotts fur Marne in Champagtie, in which 180,000 were flain 
 on both Sides, but the Vidory was obtained by the Romans. 
 He fought two Battles more againft Attila, and always returned 
 452. vidorious, but was mortally wounded the Year after, whilft he 
 defended the City of Aquileja, which Attila befieged, and died 
 in 453* 
 
 It was about this Time, that a great many Chrijlians began to 
 flielter themfelves from the Cruelty of Attila, in the little 
 Iflands in the Adriatic, v/hich gave Rife to the City of Venice, 
 Forejlus left one Son, named Acharinus, who married Gardena, 
 Daughter of the King of Damajcus, a Heathen j he converted 
 her to Chriftianity, and Ihe received the Name of Eledia at her 
 Baptifm. He valiantly defended his Country a^ainft Odoacer 
 King of the Meruli : After feveral fmall Adions, a general En- 
 47*. gagement happened near Lodi, in which Acharinus was over- 
 powered by N umbers, and refufing to yield, finilhed his gene- 
 rous Undertaking, in Behalf of his Country, together with his 
 Life. Odoacer, who dethroned the laft Emperor of the TVeJi, 
 Romulus Momyllus Augujiulus, found little Refiftance after the 
 Death of Acharinus, and made himfelf Mafter of Italy, and 
 
 thus 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 th us abolifhed the JVeJlern Empire, which by foreign Invafions, 
 and civil Broils, had been in a languiihing Condition for many 
 Years. He defpoiled A5lius or Azo I. the eldeft Son of Acha- 
 rinus, of his States, who upon this retired to T'hccdo I. Duke of 
 Bavaria, by whom he was received with great Kindnefs, and the 
 Duke gave him his Daughter in Marriage. Some Years after, 
 Azo reconquered Part of his States, and died in 538. His Bro- 
 ther Conjlantim had a Son named BafJius, who left no Pofterity. 
 
 'Tiberius was the only Son of Aurelius Aciius, that continued 
 the Family. His elder Son Marvellus, had EJle and Vicenza 
 and the younger Son, Alphorifius, Feltri j but he foon fucceeded 
 his Brother Marvellus, who died without Iffue. Alphorifius was 
 a warlike Prince, and fought in the great Battle near Lodi, 
 above-mentioned, where he loft his Life, with his Coufin Acha- 
 rinus. The Reign of the Heruli, in Italy, was very fhort ; the 
 OJiro-Gothsy or Eaji-Goths, who invaded it in 490, fubdued 
 this Nation ; and Maximus Prince of EJie and Feltri, Son of 
 Alphorijius, took Advantage of thefe Troubles, and reconquered 
 the States which belonged to his Family. He died in 538. 
 
 yujlinian I. Emperor of the Eajl, confidering that his Title 
 to the Empire of the Weji, after the Extinction of its Empe- 
 rors, was better founded than that of thofe barbarous Nations 
 who invaded it, fent Belifaidus them; This General fubdued 
 
 the Vandals in Africa, and from thence pafted into Italy, againft 
 Vitiges, King of the Ojlro-Goths, whom he defeated near Ra- 
 venna and took Prifoner; but being immediately after recalled, 
 to fecure the Eafern Provinces, againft the Perfans, whom 
 Vitiges, out of Defpair, ftirred up to make War againft JuJlinian, 
 he could not purfue his Victory till the Year 545, when he return- 
 ed to Italy. His Stay however was again fhort, the War with the 
 Perfans requiring his Return ; and Narfes fucceeded him in the 
 Command in Italy. 
 
 BonifaciuSy^on of Maximus, m Conjunction -^liisxNarJes, fought 
 a naval Battle againft the Oflro-Goths, in which he loft an Eye ; 
 
 the 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 
 
 the next Year he revenged his Lofs, in a Battle on the Continent, 
 and made a prodigious Slaughter, in which Totilas^ King of the 
 OJiro-Goths^ himfelf was killed. Tejas^ the lall; King of the 
 Oflro-Goths^ had the fame Fate the Year after, and with him 
 ended the Kingdom of the Ojlro-Goths in Italy\ which the Em- 
 perors of the Eaji united to the Eajiern Empire. Small 
 Adions happened ftill between the Romans and that Nation, 
 in which Bonif actus loft his Life. He was fucceeded by his Son 
 Valerianus. 
 
 This Prince early embraced a martial Life. We find, that 
 Narfes fenthim, in the 14th Year of his Age, to guard a PalTage 
 over the River Padus, or Po, againft Totilas. Italy ^ after fo long 
 a Series of Miferies, now expeded to tafte the Fruits of Peace, 
 under the Eajiern Emperors, when on a hidden the Longobardsy 
 another foreign Nation, threatened it with a new Storm. Narfes 
 was affronted by the Emprefs Sophia, Wife of JuJlinus II. and 
 in order to revenge himfelf, called in this Nation, who fettled in 
 the upper Part of Italy, which, from them, has the Name of 
 Lotnbardy. Valerianus made much Oppofitioii againft them, 
 and fought at different Times againft Alboinus and Clephus their 
 Kings. He engaged the Franks to aflift him, but their Behavi^ 
 our neither anfwered their Forwardnefs, nor the Opinion the 
 World had of them. They fcarce endured one Charge of the 
 Longobards, but turned their Backs, and left many of their 
 chief Officers upon the Place, among whom was Valerianus, 
 who loft his Life, fighting for the Liberty of his Country, as his 
 Father had done before in the War againft the Goths. Aldoar- 
 dus his eldeft Son, who fucceeded him, was frequently attacked 
 by the Longobards, who endeavoured to defpoil him of his Do- 
 minions. This Nation however was not fo barbarous as the 
 OJlro-Goths , Wifi-Goths, Hunni, Heruli, and Vandals-, and when 
 they faw the brave Defence Aldoardus made for his Country, 
 they ceafed to moleft him. He left no Iffue, and his Brother 
 Gundelhardus fucceeded him. 
 
 Gun- 
 
7 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 Gundelhardus was called the right Hand of Dagobert I. 
 
 King of the Franks^ whofe Government he fupported, when 
 feverai of his Subjeds were on the Point of withdrawing their 
 Obedience. He accepted afterwards of the Stadholderfliip of 
 his Kingdom, and had almoft a fupreme Authority. He lived 
 to a great Age, and died in 682. Aldoardus^ his elded: Son, had 682. 
 a Son named Kegenfried^ who was Major Domus in France 
 in the Year 735. His Pofterity became extind with his Grand- 
 child Mlhardiis. Heribertus, the youngeft Son of Gundelhardus^ 
 was remarkable for a pious and exemplary Life. He governed 
 but twelve Years the States of the Houfe of EJie^ and was fuc- 
 ceeded by his Son Erneji. Though the Longobards were in 694. 
 Poffedion of a great Part of Italy ^ many Cities in that Country 
 neverthelefs remained under the Subjedion of the Emperors 
 of the Eajly who kept a Lieutenant or Governor at Ravenna^ 
 called ExarchuSy and their PolTedions paffed under the Name 
 of the Exarchate. Luitprandus King of the Longobardsy with 
 a View to difpofl'efs the Eajiern Emperor, laid Siege to Ra^ 
 vennay which Erneji at the Head of a Venetian Army relieved. 74©. 
 Upon this the Longobards inverted Riminiy whither Erneji fol- 
 lowed, and gave them Battle. After a hot Difpute he forced 
 Luitprandus to retire with great Lofs, and to leave his Nephew 
 Prifoner, whom Erneji led in Triumph to Venice. AiJiulphuSy 
 one of the Succeffors of LuitpranduSy fome Years after marched 
 again before Ravenna. Erneji defended the Place during a 
 long and clofe Siege for almort three Years, till an Arrow from 
 the Enemy’s Camp killed him, and gave Occarton for the 752. 
 
 bards to enter upon the Pofleflion of what they had long 
 toiled for. Upon the Conqueft of this City ended the Exarchate 
 of the Greeksy which had lafted 185 Years. 
 
 Henry y Son of Ernejiy was made Prince of F ^evigioy or F '^evifoy 
 by Charles the Greaty King of the FrankSy afterwards Emperor, 
 who alfo eredled the Principality of EJie into a Marggraviate 
 in his favour i from which Time this Family was honoured 
 
 with 
 
8 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe (p/'Brunswick. 
 
 with the Title of : He affifted the Emperor in Aih- 
 
 duing DeJideriuSy the laft King of the Longobards^ and loft his 
 780. Life in a Tumult at Trevifo. His youngeft Son Berengarius, 
 who continued the Family, lived in his younger Years at the 
 Emperor’s Court. His winning Carriage made him highly re- 
 garded, and Lewisy furnamed the Debonair^ the Emperor’s Son, 
 at his Acceffion to the Imperial Throne, invited him into France. 
 An Occafion foon offered itfelf, on which the Emperor affured 
 him of his Confidence. Charles the Great had declared Bernard 
 his Grandchild, King of Italy^ who being young and ambitious, 
 fuffered himfelf to be perfuaded by his Favorites, that the Im^ 
 perial Crown of Right belonged to him, as the Son of Lewis's 
 elder Brother. This, and the Invitations from the difaffecfted 
 Party in France^ engaged him in a War againft his Uncle. Bernard 
 marched toward France, and the Emperor, miftrufting his own 
 Generals, gave the Command of his Army to Berengarius, who 
 without hazarding a Battle, fo ordered Matters, that King 
 Bernard was difappointed of the French that were to join him, 
 and abandoned by moft of thofe he brought from Italy. In 
 thefe Extremities he accepted of the Advice of Berengarius, 
 which was, that he fliould come in Perfon to the Emperor’s 
 Court, own his Raftinefs, and humble himfelf to his Uncle. 
 But the barbarous Ufage of the Emperor Lewis, much lef- 
 fened the Glory of Berengarius's A(ftion. The poor Prince, 
 who expected only a gentle Rebuke, and Leave to return home, 
 was caft into a loathfom Prifon, and after many Indignities, 
 had his Eyes put out, the Anguifh of which occafioned his Death 
 the third Day after, when he had fcarce compleated the nine- 
 teenth Year of his Age. After King Bernard's Death, Lotharius, 
 the Emperor’s Son, was fent into Italy, and Berengarius accom- 
 panied him thither, to advife him in all Affairs of Moment. 
 He continued there feveral Years, and by his Credit order- 
 ed Things as he pleafed. Some Sparks of Jealoufy after- 
 wards arofe betwixt the Emperor and his Children, which were 
 
 induftri- 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 induflrioufly blown up by thofe, who could never forgive 
 King Bernard's Death. BerengariuSy ever true to the Empe- 
 ror’s Intereft, when he heard of the Danger that threatened 
 him, made what Hafte he could towards him, but came too 
 latej for the Emperor was already ftripped of his Power and 
 confined to a Monaftery, where his Children and their Partizans 
 intended that he fhould pafs the reft of his Days, in expiating 
 by a rigid Penance the Crimes he ftood accufed of. The Pope 
 had a particular Share in thefe Tranfacftions, and it is likely, that 
 Lewis would never have been able to weather fo violent a Storm, 
 if his Adverfaries had dealt more gently with him. However 
 ftrange it may appear, this very low State they had reduced him 
 to, was the Occafion of his fpeedy Reeftablilhment. That po- 
 pular Fury, which he could not withftand at firft, prefently 
 turned into Compaflion, and the Emperor was put in a Con- 
 dition, to call his Sons to an Account, whilft they were at Va- 
 riance among themfelves. We have Reafon to believe, that this 
 unexpected Change was not brought about without Berengarius-y 
 for we find, that he had no Inclination to return to Italy y where 
 Lotharius governed, but fpent the reft of his Life at the Em- 
 peror’s Court, and had his fhare in thofe Troubles, which came 
 thick upon Lewis in his latter Days. He died in the fame Year 
 the Emperor departed this Life at Parisy with the Reputation of 
 one of the wifeft and greateft Captains of his Age, and left three 
 Sons, of which Otho the youngeft continued the Family, 
 
 Otho acquired the City and Territory of ComachiOy which 
 the Emperor Lewis II. gave him as a Reward of his and his 
 Father’s Services done to the Imperial Crown, which is evident 
 by the Grant from the Emperor, yet to be feen among the 
 ancient Records of the Houfe of Ejle. Otho was fucceeded by 
 his Son Hufiibert, who died in 926. The Hiftory of his Life, 
 the Authors of that Age have thought fit to leave us, confifts in 
 a few, yet fo weighty Words, that if there were extant a per- 
 fect Journal of his AClions, we could not thence form a more 
 
 C com- 
 
lO 
 
 953 « 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 compleat Idea of his Worth. They fay, He treated always his 
 Subjeils with the fime Tende'rnefs, as if they had been his 
 Children, by which he gained fo much upon their AffeCtidns, 
 that they were rather loth than afraid to offend him, and his 
 difcrete Indulgence preferved his Authority rrlore than Severity 
 ever could have done. He had a Son named Albert^ who be- 
 came Marggrave QiTufca?i)\ and lived many Years at the Court 
 of the Emperor Henry the Fowler. His eldefl Son, whofe 
 Name was Hugo^ infinuated himfelf much into the Favour of 
 the Emperor Otho I. by the generous Affiftance he gave to 
 liis Bride Adelheid Daughter of Rudolph II. King of Burgundy, 
 and Widow of Lotharius King oi Italy, whom Berengarius II, 
 the laft of thofe Kings the Popes arbitrarily conflituted in Italy, 
 had confined to Pavia, and afterwards to a more narrow Prifon, 
 whence there was no Hopes of Deliverance, but by confenting 
 to a Marriage with Albert, Son of Berengarius. Hugo, after 
 having refeued Adelheid from the Hands of her Enemy, prefented 
 her to the Emperor, who in Return put him in Poflefiion of 
 thefe Territories, which now are known by the Names of the 
 Dutchy of Milan, the Dutchy of Montferrat, Piedmont, and of 
 Genoa, and he ruled as Vicar of the Empire in Italy to his 
 Death. He left no Iffue j his Brother Azo III. had a Son, 
 named Guido, whofe Children, Albert and Fheodoric, alfo died 
 without Iffue. Otho had feveral Sons befides Humbert, of whom 
 the fourth named Ohizo poffeffed Comachio, and his Son Almarius 
 was Marggrave of Ferrara, which City had put herfelf under 
 his Protection. But none of the Sons of Otho continued the 
 Family long, except the youngefl Sigjried or Sigbert, who left 
 a lafling Poflerity. 
 
 Sigfried added Lucca and Parma to the States of the Family 
 of Ejie ; he died in 945. His Son Adiius or Azo II, augmented 
 his Poffeffions with Placentia and Reggio, and became Vicar of 
 the Empire in Italy. He built the Caftle of CajioJfa in the 
 Dutchy of Reggio. It was at this Place that the Emperor 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe o/’Brunswick. 
 
 Henry IV. in 1077. waited at the Gates of it three Days and 
 three Nights uncovered and barefooted, in Snow and Rain, to get 
 the Abfolution from the Excommunication Pope Gregory Vll. 
 who at that Time refided at this Caftle, ‘had put him under. 
 Azo affifted the Emperor Otho I. in his Wars againft the Bo- 
 hemians, the Slavic and the Vandals^ but none employed him 
 more than Berengarius II. Duke of Friuli^ above mentioned, who 
 fet up for Emperor or King of Italy ^ at the Inftigation of the 
 Court of Rome. Azo defeated him before the Fortrefs of Cano£dy 
 which he befieged. and forced him to lay down his afllimed 
 Dignity. Not long after Berengarius marched a fecond Time 
 againft him, and again laid Siege to Canojfa and to Parma j He 
 had the good Fortune to rout a Body of Azo's Troops, but 
 after many Encounters was himfelf taken Prifoner with his Son 
 and fent to Germany. Azo got a Part of his States, and the reft 
 the See of Rome feized upon. He died in 970. and left two 
 Sons, Fheobald and Albert^ who inherited his States. 
 
 Theobald became Marggrave of Ferrara, and had, belides, 
 Mantua and Lucca. His eldeft Son of the fame Name was 
 Biftiop of Arezzo ; the fecond, named Conrad, was killed in a 
 Tumult, which were frequent in thofe Days, and for the moft 
 Part fomented by the Popes, who oppofed the Emperors, and 
 thofe that fided with them. His youngefi Son Bonifacius fo much 
 enlarged his States, that none in Italy were equal to him. He 
 was called Marggrave oiTufeany, and poftefted Ferrara, Pla- 
 centia, Mantua, Modena, Reggio, Parma, and Lucca, and upon 
 his Marriage with Beatrix, Daughter of the Emperor Conrad II, 
 had Verona, and became Vicar of the Empire in Italy. His 
 Life was a Series of Campaigns and warlike Expeditions. One 
 City rebelled after another, and the Emperor was much in- 
 debted to him for his Vigilance to prevent a general Revolt, 
 which the See of Rome aimed at. He was killed by a poifoned 
 Arrow, and left no Male Iftliej his Daughter Mathildis fuc- 
 ceeded him. 
 
 C 2 
 
 1 1 
 
 962. 
 
 970. 
 
 1007. 
 
 1052. 
 
 Mathildis 
 
1 2 Memoirs of the Houfe Brunswick. 
 
 Mathildis married Godfrey Duke of Lorrain^ and after his 
 Death Azo V. of the younger Branch of EJie. They were foon 
 after divorced, and Mathildis married for her third Hufband 
 Guelph VI. Duke of Bavaria of the Guelphic Race, who fur- 
 vived her. We fiiall have an Opportunity to fay much of this 
 Princefs in more than one Place of this Hiftory, and fhall only 
 obferve here, that Ihe polTelfed Ferrara, Mantua, Lucca, Parma, 
 Modena, Placentia, Pifa, Spoleto, Ancona, and Fufcany, and 
 that fhe was a firm Partizan of the See of Pome, which after her 
 1115. Death ufurped her States. 
 
 Albert, or according to others Ohert or Sigbert, the fecond 
 Son of Adlius or Azo II. had the Marggraviate of Efe for 
 his Share, and alfo pofiefied Milan and Genoa. He married 
 Adelheid or Alda, Sifter of the Emperor Otho II. who aug- 
 mented his States with Ten Caftles in Lombardy and with 
 the City of Friburgh in Germany. He affifted this Emperor 
 in his Wars againft Harald VIII. King of De?imark, and 
 againft the Greeks and Saracens in Italy. Otho by the Trea- 
 ts z. chery of fome of his Troops was taken Prifoner by the Greeks, 
 
 but he efcaped unknown by Favour of the Greek 7’ongue, 
 which he fpoke perfedtly well. The following Year he under- 
 took another Expedition againft the Saracens in Company with 
 Albert. Such a Slaughter was made of their Enemies, that the 
 Emperor, being covered with Blood, could hardly be diftin- 
 guifhed from others, and from thence received the Name of 
 Rufus, Sanguinarius, or Pallida mors Saracenorum. Albert died 
 995. in 995, and of his three Sons theyoungeft, named Hugo ASiius, 
 continued the Family. He accompanied the Emperor Otho III. 
 in his feveral Expeditions into Italy, and contributed much to 
 fupport the Imperial Dignity in that Country againft the feveral 
 Schemes, that were formed to difmember it from the Empire. 
 The Romans, who vowed Revenge for the Death of Crefcentius, 
 whom Otho had hanged for his depofing a Pope conftituted by 
 him, and appointing another in his Stead, at his laft Arrival in 
 
 Rome 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 Ro?ne invefted his Palace, and he muft have fallen into their 
 Hands, had not his Coufin Hugo difappointed them, who con- 
 ferring fometimes with the Imperialifts and fometimes with the 
 Romans, during thefe Negociations found an Opportunity to con- 
 vey the Emperor away by Night. The reftlefs Attempts, how- 
 ever, of Otho's Enemies at length fucceeded j fome Roman Gloves 
 were prefented him by the Widow of Crefcentius, in which 
 the Richnefs of the Perfume covered fuch a deadly Poifon, as 
 killed him before his Phyficians knew he was infedted. Henry 
 of Bavaria, who is numbered the II. among the Emperors, and 
 furnamed San^us, fucceeded him in the Imperial Throne. His 
 Father much coveted this Dignity in the Minority of Otbo III. 
 but Albert, Hugo's Father, conftantly oppofed his Attempts. 
 Their Quarrel ended not with their Lives, but was entailed upon 
 their Sons. Henry from the Time of his Acceffion to the 
 Throne difcovered a Diflike to Hugo, and dropped fome Words 
 of his Defign with refpedt to him, as foon as he found himfelf 
 fettled. This untimely Refolution loll him Italy for fome 
 Years. who had Notice of it, employed all his Interell 
 
 to exclude Henry, and fet up Arduinus of Rporcedia againll: 
 him, whom moll of the Nobility of Lombardy fupported and 
 chofe King at Pavia. The Dillurbances of Germany did not 
 fuffer Henry to concern himfelf much about Italy, and it was 
 after many Sollicitations of the Archbilhop of Milan, that he at 
 length marched an Army to that Country. Arduinus parted 
 with his Kingdom upon as eafy Terms, as he had got it, and 
 Hugo retired to the Greek Emperor’s General at Naples, whither 
 Henry purfued him, and took him Prifoner with his three Sons. 
 He Ihewed a rare Example of Clemency towards them, much 
 beyond their Expedlation. It was in his Power to extirpate in 
 them the Family, but he remembered, that his ralh Exprelfions 
 had in a great Meafure occalioned this Breach, and therefore 
 generoully reftored Hugo to whatever he formerly polTelfed. He 
 reinftated him alfo in the Vicarlhip of the Empire in Italy, 
 
 and 
 
 13 
 
 997 - 
 
 1004. 
 
14 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 and difmiffed his Sons with great E rprefiions of Kindnefs. Hugo^ 
 to fliew himfelf worthy of die Emperor’s Confidence, made it 
 afterwards the whole Study of I. is Life, to promote his Service, 
 and effeilually recovered him, by his gentle Government, the 
 Hearts of the Italian Nation, which the Severity of Otho II. 
 and of Otho III. had alienated. Lie lived to a great Age, and 
 1014. died in 1014. univerfally lamented. He is propofed to Pofterity, 
 as a true Pattern of a worthy Patriot, who could advance the 
 Emperor’s Authority, without invading the People’s Rights. 
 
 Hugo left three Sons, of whom Obitius^ the eldeft, died with- 
 out Ifiiie ; the fecond, Adelbrandmus^ had a Son named Azo V. 
 who married Mathildis abovementioned, of the elder Branch of 
 EJie^ but Pope Gregory VII. obliged him to divorce her, on 
 Pretence of being too nearly related to each other, but in Reality 
 for no other Reafon, than his being inflexibly attached to the Party 
 of the Emperor. He died without Ififue, and the youngefl; Son 
 of Hugo, named Azo IV. continued the Family. 
 
 Italy was much divided in his Time. Bonifacius and his 
 Daughter Mathildis fided with the Popes, but Azo IV. adhered 
 to the Party of the Emperors Conrad II. and Henry III. By his 
 Bravery the City of Mi Ian , which had revolted, was fubdued, 
 and Tranquillity reftored. When He?iry III. returned from Italy 
 to Germany^ the Papal Party prevailed, and defpoiled Azo of 
 his States. Azo IV. went thereupon to the Court of the 
 Emperor, and was foon after reinftated in his Dominions, which 
 Henry III. confiderably augmented. He married Cunigunda^ 
 Daughter of Guelph III. Duke of Bavaria and Carinthia j her 
 1055. Brother Guelph IV. dying without IlTue, all the States of the 
 Guelphic Family fell to Guelph V. Son of Azo IV. Marggrave of 
 , Table II. EJle, and of Cunigunda^ Dutchefs of Bavaria^ of the Guelphic 
 Race, of whom we fhall give an Account in its Place, when we 
 have fi,rfl; treated of the Anceftors of the Houfe of Brunfwick 
 of the Female Line from the Guelphs. Azo IV. after the Death 
 of Cunigundat married for his fecond, or according to others, his 
 
 third 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 third Wife, Gerfenda, Daughter of HitgOy Count of Maine ^ and 
 from this Marriage the prefent Houfe of Modena is defcended. 
 
 Pharamond, who by Birth was Duke of EaJi-Fra?iconia, mar- 
 ried Argotta^ Grand-Daughter of Marcomir V. King of the 
 Prank’y which Nation in ancient Times was called the Sica?nbri^ 
 from Cambray a Daughter of Britain^ whom Antenor^ one of 
 their Kings, had in Marriage. On account of this Alliance, 
 Pharamond was eleiled King of the jPr^/Z/^r in 419. His Son 
 Clodio^ who fucceeded him, had two Sons, MerovmiSy and Albero 
 or Adelbertus : The Kingdom fell to Merovceus on the Death of 
 his Father, and from him his Succeflbrs are called the Merovin- 
 gian Kings of the- Franh^ or of France. Albero^ the fecond 
 Son of ClodiOj became Duke on the Mofelle^ and was fucceeded 
 by his Son Vaubertus, or Wambertus, and after his Death by 
 his Grandfon Anfiertiis j who had one Son and one Daughter. 
 Arnoldus, his Son, became Marggrave on the Schelde, and from 
 him Charles the Great, and the Emperors of the Carlovingian 
 Line are defcended. His Daughter Gertrudis was married to 
 Richimeres Duke of Franconia. Anjbertus died in 570. Richi- 
 meres left a Daughter by Gertrudis named Gerberga, who mar- 
 ried Ega, Major Domus of France, in the Time of Dagobert I. 
 From this Marriage iffued Erckembaldus, who alfo was Major 
 • Domus in France, in the Reign of Clodovceus II. as was his Son 
 Lendifius or Leudicitis. Ethicus furnamed Adelricus, Son of 
 Lendijius, had the Dutchy of Alfatia from the Merovingian King 
 Fbeodcricus III* in which he was fucceeded by his eldeft Son Adel- 
 bertus, and by his Grandfon Eberhardus. Alfatia afterwards 
 palled to the Poderity of Hetto, the youngefl Son of Ethicus j 
 and Warinus, Son of Eberhardus, retired to Siiabia, where he 
 acquired the Lordlhip of Altorff, now called - Weingarten, and 
 from his Refidence there was called Lord or Count of Altorff. 
 
 Warinus died in the Year 780. His Son Jfenbart married 
 Irmentrudis, Sifter-in-Law to the Emperor Charles the Great, 
 
 and 
 
 15 
 
 The Ancenors- 
 of the Houfe 
 of Brnnfwick 
 of the Female 
 Line, or of 
 the Guelphs. 
 
 Table I. 
 
 419. 
 
 430. 
 
 44J* 
 
 4(71. 
 
 528. 
 
 570. 
 
 636. 
 
 646. 
 
 661 . 
 6S0. 
 720. 
 741. 
 
 730, 
 
 7S0. 
 
i6 
 
 Table II. 
 819. 
 
 8 ^o. 
 
 Table II. 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 and had by her Guelph I. whofe Name occafioned his Defcend- 
 ants to be called Guelphs. Judithy Daughter of Guelph I. mar- 
 ried the Emperor Lewis furnamed the Debonair y Son of Charles 
 the Great y and had a confiderable Share in the Tranfadtions of his 
 Reign, as well as in his Diftreffes. The great Love Lewis bore 
 her, made his three eldeft Sons by a former Wife intrigue againft 
 their Father and her, and among the many Plots that were form- 
 ed to ruin the Emprefs, a Domeftick was fuborned to impeach 
 her of Infidelity to her Hufband, of which, it is faid, fhe purged 
 herfelf, according to the Cuftom of thofe Times, by taking a 
 red-hot Iron Plate in her Hands, without being hurt by it. 
 
 The Sons of Guelph I. were EthicOy Conrady and Rudolph. The 
 two latter ruled in Bavaria and in Italyy and the Poflerity of Conrad 
 at length became Kings of Burgundy y or of AlreSy fo called from 
 the City of Arles in Provence y the Capital of that Kingdom. 
 
 EthicOy the eldeft Son of Guelph I. about the Year 850 was fo 
 potent in Suabia that he acknowledged no Superior. He had by 
 his Wife Judithy Daughter of a cotemporary King of Englandy 
 a Son called Henryy furnamed With the golden Chariot ^ and a 
 Daughter named Luidgardisy married to Lewis the younger, Son 
 of Lewis GermanicuSy King of Germanyy and Brother to the 
 Emperors Carolomannus and Charles III. or the Grofs. Henry 
 requefted of his Sifter’s Father-in-Law, as much Land as he could 
 furround with a golden Chariot, between Sun-Rifing and Noon. 
 Lewis granted this Requeft, not thinking him fufficiently rich to 
 purchafe one. Henry had a little Chariot made of Gold, which 
 he took in his Lap, and placing himfelf in an ordinary light 
 Chariot, by means of Relais of Horfes travelled in the appointed 
 Time from the River Leek to the River Ampery and from the 
 River Glona to the Frontiers of I’yroly which inclofed a confi- 
 derable Diftri<ft. Lewis was pleafed with the Artifice, and in- 
 vefted him with all thefe Territories, whereby he became Duke 
 of Lower Bavariay and did Homage for it to Lewis. His Father 
 Ethico was much difpleafed at his Son’s chufing to be a VafiTal, 
 
 rather 
 
17 
 
 Memoh's of the Uoufe of Brunswick. 
 
 Ttither than to remain an independent Lord, infbmuch, that out of 
 Difguft he went into a Convent. 
 
 The Suceeffors Henry were Henry II. {a) in 910. Rudolph L Table If. 
 in 930. Guelph II. in 94®* Rudolph II. in 980* 
 
 Guelph in. Son of Rudolph II. did fignal Services againft Mi- 1020. 
 flevcjus. King of the Obotrites, a Race of Veneds, who made 
 IiTiiptions into Saxony, and into the March of Brandenburg, in was Biihopof 
 Refentment of the Affront, he thought he had received from the 
 Chrihian Princes, who oppofed his Marriage with Mathildis, 975, and was 
 Sifter of Bernhard, Duke of Saxo?iy on the Elbe. The Bravery 
 Guelph III. fhewedin thofe unfortunate Wars, and the near Al- ll. in 1142. 
 liance there was between him and the Emperor Hen?y II. whofe 
 Wife’s Sifter, Irmengardis, he had married, made him entertain 
 Hopes of obtaining the Imperial Dignity, upon the Demife of 
 his Brother in Law. But after fome Oppofttion he relinquifhed 
 his Claim, and acknowledged Conrad II. Duke of Franconia^ 
 
 Emperor. 
 
 His Son Guelph IV. fucceeded him. He poffeffed all the Guel- ^ 
 Territories in Suabia and in Bavaria ; the Emperor iiwy III. 
 alfo invefted him with the Dutchy of Carinthia, and the Marck 
 of Verona in Italy. This Prince had no Iffue, and was prevailed 
 upon by the Monks of Altorff, to difpofe of his States in Favour 
 of the Church. After his Death, in the Year 105^, Irn2engar- 
 dis, his Mother, who was ftill alive, annulled the Will, and was 
 fupported in it by the Emperor Henry III. This x 4 .fliftance, 
 had it happened a few Years after, would infallibly have drawn 
 upon the Emperor the Anathema of the Pope, but the perplex- 
 ed Condition the See of Roine was in, during the firft Part of 
 this Emperor’s Reign, when there were no lefs than three Com- 
 petitors at once to the Papal Dignity, gave Elenry an Opportu- 
 nity of maintaining his Authority, as his Predeceffors had done. 
 
 The three Popes were fetaftde,anda new one, w.ho took the Name 
 of Clement II, was appointed by the Emperor, who alfo bound 
 the Romans with an Oath, never to eledl a Pope without the Con- 
 
 D fent 
 
i 8 Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 fent cf the Empire. This was the laft Ad: the Roman Empe- 
 rors did, without Oppofition, to maintain their Rights over the 
 Popes, whereas foon after they not only revolted, but even ufed 
 fome of the Emperors with the utmoft Indignity. 
 
 Guelph IV. had but an only Sifter, whofe Name was Cuni- 
 gimda^ married to Azo IV. Marggrave of Ejie^ as has been faid 
 above. She had by him Guelph V. furnamed the Valiant^ in 
 lablc 1. & II. whom the Blood of the two ancient P'amilies of the A5iii or Ejle^ 
 and that of the Guelphs^ v/as united ; and he inherited, after the 
 Death of his Uncle, the States of the Guelphic Family. 
 
 ,0-6, About a Year after his Succeflion to his Uncle’s States, the 
 Emperor Henry IV. who was eleded Succeflbr to the Imperial 
 Throne, in the Life-time of his Father Henry III. came to that 
 Dignity, and being only five Years old, his Mother Agnes under- 
 took the Adminiftration. Henry IV. inherited alfo the Dutchy 
 of Upper Bavaria y which his Father had appropriated to his own 
 Family. After an Adminiftration of about feven Years the 
 Bavarians revolted, and made OthOy a Saxon Prince, their Duke. 
 When Henry IV. came of Age, Otho was expelled, put under 
 the Ban of the Empire, and with much Difficulty preferved his 
 paternal States, which were called the Dutchy of Saxony on the 
 Wefery or on the Werra, Guelph V. was then in fuch high 
 Efteem with Henry IV. that he invefted him with the whole 
 Dutchy of Bavaria y of which he had already a confiderable Part. 
 He had married Ethelinay Daughter of the proferibed Otho of 
 Saxony y whom, in Compliment to the Emperor Henry IV. he 
 divorced. During the firft Part of this Prince’s Reign, Guelph 
 V. was firmly attached to his Interefts, and fought with great 
 Valour againft Otho of Saxony and his Relations, the Emperor’s 
 Enemies. The Emperor, who by Birth was of Franconiay had 
 once faid in his younger Years, that Saxony was a fine Country, 
 but that its Inhabitants were bad People ; the SaxonSy who natu- 
 rally were jealous of the FrankSy traverfed all his Defigns, and 
 at length brought about this Emperor’s entire Ruin. When the 
 
 Saxons 
 
19 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 Saxons were worfted by the Arms of the Emperor and his Allies, 
 in 1073 and in the following Years, they carried their Complaints 
 before Pope Gregory VII. other wife called Hildebrand, who had 
 made himfelf Pope without the Emperor’s Confent, and whofe 
 Ambition carried him fo far, as to fet up for Sovereign of 
 the Univerfe. He excommunicated the Emperor, abfolved his 
 Subjedls from their Allegiance, and fummoned him to appear at 
 Rome, tojuftify himfelf on Account of the Saxon War. 
 
 Henry IV. leemed to defpife this Fulmination, and called a 
 Synod at Worms, where he propofed to depofe the Pope, as his 
 Father Henry III. had done. At the Opening of this Affembly, 
 Arange were the Accufations brought againft Gregory. One of 
 his Cardinals, named Hugo, prefented Letters from Ro?ne, figned 
 by feveral Perfons of unfufpeited Integrity, in which, amongft 
 many Crimes laid to his Charge, both before and after his com- 
 ing to the Papacy, he was accufed of having, by Means of one 
 Brazutus, his old Acquaintance, caufed no lefs than fix Popes, 
 his Predeceffors, to be poifoned, to make Room for himfelf to 
 attain that Dignity ; and that he had carried his Election by the 
 Power of Mathildis of Efle j the Acclamation of whofe Guards 
 had ferved him to better Purpofe, than the Suffrages of thofe 
 who had a Right to ele6t. Gregory was declared an Ufurper, 
 and a Perfon of a fcandalous Life, that had no Right to this Dig- 
 nity ; the Bifhops of Lombardy confirmed at Pavia the Decree- 
 paffed at Worms, and one Roland, a Prieft of Parma, proclaim- 
 ed the Decree at Rome, in an Affembly compofed of Gregory's 
 own Creatures, guarded by Mathildis' s Troops, and where Gre- 
 gory himfelf prefided. Coming boldly up without paying him 
 any Refpedt, he required him in the Name of the Emperor 
 and the Bifhop’s of Italy, France, and Germany, to refign the 
 facred Charge, declaring, that he was no Shepherd, Father, nor 
 Pope, but a Fhief, a Wolf, and a Fyrant, and whilA all were in 
 a Confternation to hear fuch Words, Roland made his Efcape. 
 
 D 2 
 
 Not- 
 
20 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick:. 
 
 Notwithftanding this favourable Afpe,6l of the Emperor’s Af- 
 fairs, Gregory carried Things with a high Hand ; he made a 
 Party againft the Emperor in Germany, and declared, that he 
 would meet a Synod at Augsburg. Great Preparations were 
 made for this Journey, and MatbiJdis with her Army intended 
 to fee him fafe within the Borders of Germany. The Emperor 
 obferving the ill Effedls thefe Proceedings already had upon a 
 Part of the Princes of the Empire, among whom was Guelph V. 
 upon whom the Pope’s Excommunication made a great Im- 
 preffion, durft not venture the IlTue of Gregory's Journey, but 
 refolved to prevent it, by humbling himfelf to any Terms. He 
 went with a fmall Train to meet Gregory, who was not yet out 
 of Italy, and after a mod: ignominious Treatment, which ill be- 
 came a Roman Emperor, and the firft Potentate of Chriftendom 
 1077. to receive, was abfolved from his Cenfure. During his Stay at 
 Rome, the Pope caufed Rudolph, Duke of Suabia, to be made 
 Emperor, of which Henry IV. had no Intelligence, all the Ave- 
 nues to Italy being occupied by the Pope’s Adherents. But the 
 Pope having fent a Crown to the new Emperor, with the follow- 
 ing Verfe engraved upon it : Petra dedit Petro, Petrus Dia- 
 dema Rudolpho, a good many States of the Empire began to per- 
 ceive, that thefe Proceedings of the Pope were not fuggefted 
 purely by a Zeal for Religion, as he pretended. In Confequence 
 of this, when Henry IV. returned, the Empire was divided into 
 two Parties ; Saxony lided with the new Emperor Rudolph, and 
 Suabia with Hmry IV. Four Battles were fought between the 
 two Competitors, in the lad of which, Rudolph was mortally 
 wounded and his right Hand cut off, which is dill fhewed in the 
 Cathedral of Merfeburg. We find, that Guelph V. had Intelligence 
 of fome Defigns of Henry IV. againd him, which made him 
 fide with Otho of Saxony, his former Father-in-Law, during thefe 
 Wars. He afiided alfo Her?nan of Lutzelburg, whom the Pope, 
 after the Death of Rudolph, fet up for Emperor againd Henry I V. 
 This Prince having difcovered the Source of his Misfortunes, did 
 
 not 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 21 
 
 not much amufe himfelf with this new Anti-C(efar^ but march- 
 ing direilly with an Army before RomCj made himfelf Mafcer of 
 it after a Siege of two Years. Pope Gregory VII. was depofcd, 
 and Clement III. put in his Place, by whom Henry was crowned. 10S3. 
 
 A few Years after, Herman oi JLiitzelburg fubmitted, and was 
 pardoned, but Guelph V. fufFered mofl by thefe Wars; the 
 Emperor kept Bavaria, of which he had defpoiled him du- 
 ring the Troubles, and ruled it by his Governors for the Space 
 of twenty Years. At length Guelph endeavoured to make his 
 Peace alfo with the Emperor ; he was affedled with the Greatnefs 
 of Soul, this Prince fhewed with Refpedt to the two Anti-Ccefars, 
 
 Rudolph and Herman, with the latter of whom he eafily recon- 
 ciled himfelf, and regretted the Death of the firft, and would by 
 no means fuffer his Body to be taken out of his Tomb at Merfe- 
 burg, notwithftanding the repeated Infinuations of his Courtiers, 
 that it was too much, that his Enemy fhould have fuch a ftately 
 Maufoleum. An Accommodation accordingly was made be- 
 tween them, and the Emperor reinvefted Guelph with all Bavaria. 1096. 
 After this Henry had feveral Wars with the Saxons, and with his 
 eldeft Son Conrad, and after his Death with his youngeft Son 
 Henry, whom Pope Pajlmlis II. perfuaded to revolt againft 
 his Father, and abfolved from his filial Duty. This great 
 Emperor, who, during his Reign, had fought fixty-two or fixty- 
 five Battles, for the mofi: part with Succefs, was at laft aban- 
 doned by all, and in Defpair and Neceflity forced to make his 
 Application to the Bifliop of Spires, to be received a petty Canon 
 in a Church, which he himfelf had founded j but this fmall Fa- 
 vour being alfo, beyond Example, denied him, he died within 
 a few Days, of Grief, and becaufe he had not been abfolved from 
 the Excommunication, Pope Pajlsalis II. had again put him under, 
 was taken out of his Grave by his own Son, and remained un- 
 buried for five Years. One of the greatefi: Inflances, perhaps, 
 that any Age has afforded of the Inconflancy of worldly Gran- 
 deur. 
 
 About 
 
22 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 About the Time of Guelph's Reconciliation with the Emperor, 
 the firft of the famous Crufades, or Expeditions, for the Recovery 
 of the Holy Land took Place, and Guelph engaged to join in it. 
 This Country, after the Deftrudtion of ’JeruJalem^ became a 
 Roman Province, and on the Divifion of that Empire, betwixt 
 Arcadius and Honorius^ fell to the Share of the Eajiern Emperors. 
 The greateft Part of its Inhabitants were ChriJIians^ who peace- 
 ably enjoyed their PofTeffions to the Year 615, when CofroeSy 
 King of Ferfiay invaded this Country, and after putting a great 
 Number to the Sword, led a vaft Multitude into Captivity. 
 Among other Things, which Cofroes then carried away with him, 
 was the Holy Crofs, which, however, the Emperor Heraclius 
 recovered in 629, and brought in Triumph to ‘Jerufalemy where 
 it was publickly fet up, and a Day appointed to be annually 
 folemnized in Commemoration of its Eredlion, called the Day of 
 the Exaltation of the Crofs. About the Year 636 the Saracens 
 invaded the Holy Landy and conquered the City of MHuy or 
 'Jerufalemy and from that Time remained in Poffeffion of it for 
 463 Years. They neverthelefs granted Leave to the Chriftian 
 Inhabitants to remain there, and fuffered Strangers to vifit the 
 Places of Chriji's Nativity, Sufferings, and Burial. At length 
 thefe Pilgrims became too numerous, and the SaracenSy to pre- 
 vent the Chriftians from affembling in too formidable a Body, at 
 firft levied great Taxes on them, and fhortly after intirely pro- 
 hibited the Chriftian Worfhip. Some Italian Merchants how- 
 ever, in the Year 1092, bought, at a great Sum, of the SaracenSy 
 a Place for the free Exercife of the Chriftian Relieion, and to 
 the end that the Pilgrims might be the better accommodated, 
 when fick, the Hofpital of St. "John was founded, with the fa- 
 mous Order of the Hofpitalers, or Knights of St. Johny after- 
 wards called the Knights of RhodeSy and now the Knights of 
 Malta ; but the Security of the Chriftians remained Rill precari- 
 ous, and the Knights were in a continual State of Hoflility with 
 the Saracens. This induced Feter the Hermit y a French Monk, 
 
 to 
 
23 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe <?/’ B r u n s v/ 1 c k. 
 
 to make a Journey from the Holy Land to RomCy to reprefent to 
 Pope Urban II. the miferable Condition of the Chriflians in 
 thofe Parts, and the Pontiff thence took an Opportunity, at the 
 Council held in the Year 1095, at Clermont in FrancCy to propofe 
 to all Chriftendom an Expedition againft the Infidels, for the 
 Conquefl of the Holy Land, The greatefl Part of the Chrifiian 
 Princes were prevailed upon to approve of this Propofal, and the 
 Clergy received Orders, for the Succefs of this Undertaking, to 
 fay daily a certain Number of Paternolfers, which they counted 
 by means of a String of Beads, and thence the Chaplets or 
 Rofarys have their Rife. Thofe who entered in this holy Mi- 
 litia had plenary Indulgences granted them, and in lieu of an 
 Uniform, wore a red Crofs on their Shoulders, which made fuch 
 an Expedition to be called a Crufade. It was in the Year 1096, 
 that this firft Expedition to the Holy Land commenced under the 
 Command of Godfrey^ Duke of Bouillonj who, at his Arrival 
 in the Eajly muftered an Army of 700,000 effedlive Men. 
 Alexius I. Emperor of the Eajiy at firft refufed a Paflage to 
 this Army, but when he found himfelf not in a Condition to 
 refift fuch Numbers, he agreed to favour this Undertaking, and 
 in Return was affured, that all the Conquefts that fhould be made, 
 fhould be annexed to the Eajiern Empire, except Jerufalemy 
 which was referved for the Roman Church. Godfreyy at the 
 Head of this vaft Body, with much Difficulty pafted through 
 Natolia and Syriay and in his March feized on feveral Cities, 
 particularly the great City of Antiochiay which by the Treachery 
 of one of its Inhabitants came into his Pofifeffion in 1098. 
 He thereupon laid Siege to Jerufalemy which furrendered in 
 1099, after there had been fo many Saracens killed, that, it is 
 faid, the Horfes of the Chriftians waded to the Knees in the 
 Blood of the Slain. Godfrey being thus Mafter of the Capital of 
 the Holy Landy had himfelf proclaimed King of Jenfaleniy 
 and the Generals under him fliared betwixt them the odier Cities, 
 that were conquered in this Expedition. 
 
 We 
 
24 
 
 Memoir 's of the Houfe B r u n s w i c k. 
 
 We do not find, that Guelph chra-ged himfelf with any Com- 
 mand in the Army, but he fuftered much in this March, and was 
 more than once in imminent Danger of his Life. He died on his 
 1 101. l^cturn home n&d^r Paphos in the Ifland of Cyprus, and his Remains 
 were tranfported to the Convent of IVeingarten in Suabia. By 
 liis fecond Wife Wichanda or Judith, Daughter of Flanders, he 
 left two Sons, Guelph VI. and Henry, furnamed the Black, who 
 both fucceded him in their Turns. 
 
 Guelph VI. difputed with the Defcendants of Azo VI. the 
 Succeffion of the States of the younger Branch of EJle in Italy, 
 which he claimed in Right of his Father Guelph V. the cldeO: 
 Son of Azo IV. as has been faid above. In the Year 1 1 1 1, he went 
 with the Emperor Henry V. to Rome, to adjuft the Differences, 
 which arofe between that Prince and the Pope about the Invefti- 
 ture of the Bifliops. Pope Pajhalis II. had a Mind to accomplifli 
 what Gregory VII. began, and dehred of the Emperor, to cede to 
 the See of Rome the Invehiture of the German Bifhops by the Ring 
 and Crojier, which was as much, as to leave to him the Difpofal 
 of the Eccleliaftical Dignities in Germany. Henry V. made it 
 appear, that the Emperors of the IVeJi, ever fince Charles the 
 Great, had exercifed this Right, and he marched an Army to 
 Italy to maintain his Claim. The Pope, to divert this Storm, 
 infinuated to the Emperor, that in his Father’s Death the Dif- 
 pleafure of Providence was vifible, for his oppofing the See of 
 Ro??je ; but thofe of the Emperor’s Party, made no fuch Infe- 
 rence from thence, knowing, that if there were no furer Argu- 
 ments to direft Men in their Judgments, than the Undertakers 
 Succefs, the beft Caufes might oftentimes fuffer, and the mofl 
 palpable Ufurpations be vindicated. At firft the Pope entertained 
 Hopes, that the Emperor might defifl: from his Pretenfion, 
 but when he heard of his Arrival at Rome, he made the 
 Populace rife. The Slaughter, which enfued was fo great, efpe- 
 cially on the Roman Side, that the Fiber was dyed with the Blood 
 ipilt} but the Germans by the prudent Conduct of Guelph VI, 
 
 kept 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 2^; 
 
 kept their Ground, and Pope Pafchalis II. was taken Prl- 
 foner. At Length he renounced in Form his Claim to the 
 Inveftiture, and receiving the Sacrament upon it, gave to 
 Henry V. one Half of the confecrated Hofl, faying : Accipe 
 hoc in conjirmationem faBce pads hiter me C? te. “ Take this 
 “as a Confirmation of Peace made between thee and 
 
 me } ” butasfoon as Henry had left Italy the Pope retracted 
 his Engagement, and not only caufed him to be excom- 
 municated by the Archbifhop of Mayence^ but inftigated the 
 SaxonSy the natural Enemies of the Franks^ to make War againfi 
 him. 
 
 Guelph VI. had the good Fortune to obtain in Marriage the 
 richeft Princefs of her Time. It was MathildiSy above menti- 
 oned, only Daughter of Bo?iiface Marggrave of EJle, Heirefs of 
 Ferrara y Mantua y Lucca y Farmay Modena y Placentluy Pi/ay Spo- 
 letOy AnconUy and Pufcany, This Princefs, as a zealous Partizan 
 of Pope VII. and of his Succeflbrs, in the Wars which 
 
 thefe Popes had with the. Emperors Hmry IV. and Henry V, 
 commanded whole Armies, conquered Cities, and did all that 
 can be required of a confummate General. It is faid, that one 
 of the Reafons of her marrying Guelph VI. was to draw his 
 Father Guelph V. from the Emperors Party. This Marriage 
 fubfifted but a few Years , and was fet afide fo early as in the 
 Life-time of Guelph V, whofe Reconciliation with the Emperor 
 probably was the Reafon, that his Son lofi; Mathildisy whofe 
 Love to her Husbands was always proportioned to their Devotion 
 to the Pope. Mathildis was the lafi: of the elder Branch of the 
 Houle of and died in 1 1 1 5 without Iflue. Her Poffefiions 
 fhould have fallen to her Husband Guelph VI, defcended from 
 the younger Branch of EJiey and next a-kin to her j but 
 her Zeal for the See oi Rome y which grew with her Years, made 
 her fond of being called the Daughter of St. Peter ^ the Pillar of 
 Pruthy 20\dithe ProteSirefs of the Churchy Titles which the Popes 
 invented to gratify her Humour, and in Order to continue 
 
 E after 
 
26 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 after her Death the Panegyricks of thofe, who extolled her 
 Munificence, flie inflituted the See of Rome foie Heir of her 
 States. 
 
 We do not find, that fhe ever was canonized, though Envy 
 itfelf muft allow, that no one could ever lay jufter Claim to this 
 Title than if it be true, what feme fay, that it is the 
 
 Cuftom of the Church of Rome^ to infert fuch in the Catalogue 
 of Saints, to whom they are much obliged. The beft of their 
 Pens however have been employed to celebrate her Virtues, and 
 her Memory is ftill more precious among them, than that of 
 mofi; of their Saints. Of this Urban VIII. in later Times has 
 given Teftimony, by having her Body, or what at lead; paffed 
 for it, tranflated from a Church near Mantua to Rome, where it 
 lies buried in St. Peter Sy under a ftately Monument ere( 5 led in 
 1635, at his Charge with an infeription, which' exprelfes both 
 his Value for her Piety and Virtue, and his Gratitude for her 
 Protedion and Bounty. 
 
 The Will, which Mathildis made, had not the Effed:, the See 
 oiRome expeded. The Emperor Henry V. himfelf laid Claim 
 to this Succeffion, and objeded againft the Pope, that Mathildis^ 
 without the Confent of the Empire, had no Right to difpofe of 
 Pofiefiions belonging to it. After many Difputes, the Emperor 
 n:r, went himfelf to Italy in Company with Guelph VI, drove the 
 Pope out of Rome, and took Polfeffion of thefe States. The 
 Popes however renewed afterwards at different Times thefe Dif- 
 piites, and ufurped Mathildis's^MCCtHiony and betwixt thefe two 
 powerful Competitors, Guelph VI, whofe Title certainly was 
 beft, had the leaft Share. He died without Iffue in 1 120. 
 mo. Henry the Blacky fucceeded his Brother VI. 
 
 This Prince was prefent at the Conferences held at Chalons in 
 Champagne \n 1107, between iJcvzry V. and Pope Pajhalis II, 
 and every where had a Sword carried before him. He took a 
 great deal of Pains to accommodate Matters between the two 
 Parties, but without Succefs. The Popes were already too 
 
 powerful 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswig x. 
 
 powerful, and the Archbifhop of Mayence^ under a pretended 
 Zeal for the Church, fecretly contrived a formidable League 
 againft the Emperor and his Partizans, whom he called Schif- 
 maticksy which made Henry V. grow weary of Difputes with 
 the See of Romey and he ceded in the Year 1122, at the Diet of 
 Worms ^ to Calixt II. the Inveftiture of the Bifhops of the Roman 
 Empire. By Virtue of the Agreement then made, the Chapters 
 had the Freedom of Eledtion, but the Popes the Right to invefl 
 the Eleded by the Ring and Crojier, The Emperor referved to 
 himfelf the Inveftiture by the Sceptrey on account of the Tem- 
 poralities, which the Bifhops hold as Fiefs of the Empire. The 
 Pope was fo tranfported at this Tranfadion, that he caufed the 
 Deed of CefTion to be hung up in the Cathedral at Rome as a 
 Trophy, and could not forbear faying to his Friends, that by this 
 Ceffion the Roman Empire had loft its right Hand. Henry the 
 Black feemed to be more fortunate in Marriage, than his Bro- 
 ther. His Wife Wulfhildy was the eldeft Daughter and Heirefs 
 of MagnuSy the laft Duke of Saxonyy of the Billung Race, 
 by whofe Right the Dutchy of Saxony on the Elbe fhould 
 have fallen to his Son, Henry the Proud. But the Emperor 
 Henry V. difpofed of it in Favour of LothariuSy Count of 
 Supplinburgy afterwards his Succeflbr on the Imperial Throne. 
 Yet Henry the Proudy by marrying Gertrauty only Daughter 
 of LothariuSy at length acquired Brunfwick and all Saxony for 
 his Family. 
 
 We are now arrived at a Period, in which the Anceftors of the 
 Houfe of Brunfwick made a confiderable Figure, but as by the 
 laft Acquifitions we fee this Family Lords of a new Country, it 
 is proper, we fhould give an Idea of the Origin and the Govern- 
 ment of Saxony and of Brunfwicky which at the fame Time 
 will fhew us the Defcent of that Houfe, from the ancient Saxon 
 Kings, and the Emperors of that Race. 
 
28 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 
 
 At the Time the Name {a) of the Saxons is firft recorded in 
 Hiftory, they poflelTed that Part of Germany^ which at this Time 
 is called Holjiein, They afterwards extended their Dominions 
 towards the South, the JVeJi, and the Eaji, from the German 
 Ocean, to Bohemia, and from the Rhine to the Oder, infomuch, 
 that under the general Name of Saxony, all thofe Countries were 
 at length comprehended, which at prefent are called Upper and 
 Lower Saxony, IVeJlphalia, Lhuringen, Mif?iia, and the Marcks 
 of Bra7ide?iburg. 
 
 The Saxojis were a warlike People, and made their Children 
 run naked in the Snow from their Infancy, to render them fit to 
 indure the Fatigues of War. Their Sincerity has always been 
 much commended, and it was proverbially faid, Lhat a Pro- 
 tnife of a Saxon, was of more Value, than an Oath made in other 
 Countries. Chaftity was religioufly obferved, Harlots were burned 
 alive, Adultreffes hanged, and Adulterers buried in the Ground 
 as far as their Waifts, and were often whipped to Death. Among 
 their Laws, they had one much like that of the XII. Tables, 
 by which every one was obliged to marry according to his Con- 
 dition, a Nobleman to a Nobleman’s Daughter, a Commoner to 
 a Commoner’s Daughter, and if a Saxon married out of his 
 Country, his Relidf had no Right to his PofTeffions. Politenefs 
 was not known amongfi: them, and Drunkennefs pafled for no 
 Crime. In the Beginning they were great Pirates upon the. 
 German Ocean, and it was faid of them, according to Sido?iius 
 Apcllinaris, that they had, as it were. Intelligence with the 
 Waves of the raging Sea. Their religious Worfliip was the 
 worft of all, they adored the Devil, for fear of being injured by 
 
 (a) There are only Conje£tures about the Origin and Name of the Saxons. Some 
 deduce the Name from the Latin Word Saxum, a Stone, becaufe the Saxons flood againfl 
 their Enemies as uninovable as Rocks and Stones. Others have their Origin from the 
 ancient AJiatick People, who, it is faid, were called Saca. Others will have it, that the 
 Word Sahs, fignified, with the ancient Germans, a Dagger or great Knife, and that the 
 ancient Saxons uftd fuch Weapons with their other Arms. Thus much is certain, that the 
 S-Axons were already a German Nation about the Birth of ChriJ}. 
 
 him, 
 
29 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 him, and their Sacrifices contifted principally of the human 
 Species j the Tenth of their Prifoners of War was always im- 
 molated. Their chief Idols were Irminfula^ Crodus or Crodo^ 
 and Tibelinus, 
 
 The whole Saxon Nation was governed by twelve Chieftains, 
 who were chofen every Year. Thefe elected one from among 
 themfelves, who was their chief Judge, but had no further 
 Authority. When they had Wars, which were familiar to 
 them, they chofe a King, who remained fuch as long as the 
 War continued, but was obliged to lay down his Prerogative at 
 its Expiration. 
 
 The ancient Saxo7is were more accuftomed to perform great 
 Adlions than to record them in Writing. Harden ch is the firft 
 of their Kings we know of with Certainty [a). Hnjerich^ his ^SeeaU their 
 Succeflbr, who reigned about the Birth of Chrijl^ began to drive 
 the ’Thurmgi out of the Dutchy of Bremen and the adjacent witekir.d the 
 Country, where the Elbe empties itfelf into the German Ocean, ble i. 
 who from that Time gradually began to fettle in Hejj'e, Wejiphalia^ 
 and Franconia. Germany was then inhabited by feveral Nations, 
 befides the Saxons and the Fhuringiy who were called Suevi, 
 
 Bojiy Vandali^ Francis Cimbri^ &c their Government for the 
 moft Part was Arijiocratical^ in Time of War they made Confe- 
 deracies, and had a King. In the tenth Year of theChriftian ^Era, 
 one of thefe Kings, called Arminius^ fought a moft bloody Battle 
 againft the Romans commanded by Varus ^ the Emperor Auguftus's 
 General, in the Neighbourhood of the Saxo? 2 s between Munjler 
 and Bilefeld in Weflphalia. Fifty thoufand Romans were killed 
 upon the Spot, and Varus ftabbed himfelf in Defpair j but the 
 Saxons did not meddle, nor give any Affiftance to thefe Nations 
 againft the Romans, to whom even the Name of the Saxon Na- 
 tion was not known, till the Beginning, or about the Middle, of 
 the fecond Century. 
 
 Not long after, the extended themfelves towards the 
 
 Oder, they drove alfo the Fhuringi further^ by which the Coun- 
 tries 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brukswick, 
 
 tries called Brunfwick and Luneburg^ gradually came under their 
 Subjedion. In the Reign of the twelfth and thirteenth of their 
 Kings, they cruifed as far as to the Gallic Coaft, and by Land ex- 
 tended their Dominions very much towards the Weji^ which af- 
 terwards produced continual Wars bet ,/een them and ^s,Fra 7 iks. 
 
 The fourteenth of their Kings, called Hengijl^ went into 
 England^ with a large Colony, about the Year 449, and eftab- 
 lifhed there a Saxon Government. 
 
 In the Beginning of the fixth Century, T'heodoric, King of 
 Aujirafia^ called the Saxom to affift him againft Hermanfried^ 
 King of the Fhurmgi. The whole Kingdom of "Tbiiringia was 
 conquered, and divided between the Saxons and the Franks, 
 Brunfwick and Luneburg came, by this Divifion, intirely under 
 the Subjedion of the Saxons, The River XJnJirut was appointed 
 the common Boundary. 
 
 Several Colonies of German Nations had made Eftablifhments 
 in the laft Century in foreign Countries; a Part of the Suevi and 
 Vandali fettled in Portugal^ in Spain, and in Africa-, the Franks 
 in Gallia, and laid there the Foundation of the Kingdom of 
 France after the Expulhon of the Romaiis. The Burgundians^ 
 who alfo were a German Nation, fettled in the fame Kingdom, 
 and gave the Name of Burgundy to the Province, wherein they 
 fettled, Thefe Examples induced the Longobards, another Ger- 
 man People, to try their Fortune in Italy, and 20,000 Saxons 
 joined thefe new Adventurers. But fo it happened, that the 
 Longobards took the beft Part in Italy to themfelves, and the 
 Saxons, difgufted at it, returned home again. In the mean time, 
 the Suevi had taken PofTeffion of their Country, and bloody Wars 
 enfued upon this, wherein the Saxons at laft were vicftorious. 
 
 In the Beginning of the Seventh Century, the Saxons main- 
 tained Wars againft the Franks, but were worfted. Clotarius II. 
 King of the for three fuccefiive Days, cut in pieces, all 
 
 the Saxons he could find, that were above the Length of his 
 Sword, and the reft were obliged to pay Tribute to the Franks. 
 
 In 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 
 
 In the fucceeding Reign the Vandals made a ftrong Irruption 
 into I’huringen^ but were repulfed by Sighard King of Saxony. 
 In Confideration of Sighard' 2, Valour the Franks remitted the 
 Tribute. 
 
 After this Time the Franks endeavoured to convert the Saxons 
 to the Chriftian Religion, but could not fucceed. On the Death of 
 Hetanus^ the lad; Duke of the Franks^ the Dutchy of Eajl-Fran~ 
 conia fell' to the Weji-Franks ^ that is, to the Merovingian Kings 
 of France. Pipin gave it to his Son Charles^ and after de- 
 throning his Mailer CMlderic III. made himfelf King of France. 
 From this Time the Saxons had little or no Chance in War, 
 Pipin was too powerful, and obliged them, to pay an yearly 
 Tribute, confifling of three hundred Stone-horfes. 
 
 Wittekind the Great was the lad King, the Saxons eledled. 
 Pipin's Son, Charles the Greats King of France, of Italy, and 
 of Germany, and at lad: Emperor, refolved in the Diet of 
 Worms in 772, to continue the War againd: the Saxons, till 
 they embraced the Chridian Religion. He begun with their 
 chief Idol the Irminfula {a) dnce it was not to be expedled, 
 they would turn their Thoughts towards the invidble Deity, as 
 long as they had their Idol before their Eyes. It was at 
 Ehrejburg now called Stadtberg in Wejiphalia, the Place was well 
 fortified and cod much Pains to take it. The Saxons having for 
 many Centurys made their chief Offerings to this Idol, the Booty, 
 the Franks found there, furpafies Imagination. The Idol was de- 
 
 { rt ) It was a Column of Brafs, whereon a Statue of the fame Metal was placed, repre- 
 fenting a Warriour. In the right Hand it held a Banner, whereon was a Rofe, and in the 
 left a pair of Scales, as a Symbol of Juilice; upon the Bfcaft was painted a Bear with an 
 Efcutcheon, whereon a Lyon was reprefented. Herman or Hermion, a King of the an- 
 cient Germans, who is faid to have lived in 2127. or about the Time of the Patriarchs 
 Jacob, was after his Death adored as a God by them, and fome will have it, that Irmin- 
 fula is as much as Hermanfula, and that the Saxons either received the Notion of his 
 Godhead from the ancient Germans, or were willing to immortalize Herman or Hermion 
 by giving their Idol his Name. Others fay, that it reprefented Arminius, King of the 
 Germans, who after the Battle againlt Varus, had this Monument eroded to his Honour. 
 
32 
 
 . Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 
 
 ftroyed, and the Column carried away and placed in a new Church 
 built by Charles the Great at Htldejheimy where it is to be feen 
 at this Day, and ferves to put Candles upon, when the Church 
 is illuminated on high Feflivals. 
 
 , The Saxons were much chagrined at the Lofs of this Idol. 
 When Charles the Great went to Italy againfl; the Longobardsy 
 Wittekind alTembled his Forces, and made himfelf again Mafter 
 of the Caftle of Ehrefburgdm Charles the Great v&Xmntd. 
 
 in the following Year, got a great Victory over the Saxons in 
 the County of Diepholty and retook Ehrejburg. Two Years af- 
 ter, in the Abfence of Charles the Greats the Saxons fell upon 
 the Franksy treated them very cruelly, and demoliihed Ehrejburg. 
 The following Y ear Charles the Great had the better of Wittekindy 
 and drove him to Fenmark. 
 
 By this Time the Inflexibility of the Saxons had much abated, 
 a great Number got themfelves baptized at Paderborny amongft 
 whom was Albiony firfl; Coufin of Wittekind. Charles the Great 
 was pleafed with it, and to promote Chriftianity among the Saxonsy 
 founded three Bilhopricks, one at Paderborny another at Ofna- 
 hrucky and a third at OJierwycky which afterwards was tranllated 
 to Halberjiadt. 
 
 In the mean time, Wittekind had been in Fenmarky and with 
 the Afliftance of King GotheriCy his Father-in-Law, marched 
 againll the FrankSy but was routed in the Year 779, and obliged 
 to retire into Bavaria. The Franks made, in the following 
 Years great Progrefs againfl; the Saxons y who loft Battle after 
 Battle, and the Franks fubdued all their Country on the Wefer. 
 
 The Saxons got, in the Year 782, fome Advantage over the 
 Franks near Wittekindjburgy now called Minden in Wefphaliuy 
 but Wittekind foon after retiring from his People, Charles the 
 Great made an Oath, to kill without Mercy every Saxon that 
 fliould be taken, unlefs all the Relations and Friends of Wittekind 
 were immediately delivered up to him. The Saxons accordingly 
 fent 4500 of their chief Men, all whom Charles the Great be- 
 headed 
 
33 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe ^ B R u n s w i c^k. 
 
 headed at Verden, and befides tranfported feveral thoufands of 
 the common Sort to Hungary and ’tranfyhania, in order to dif- 
 perfe this warlike People. 
 
 Wittekind^ with the Afliftance of the Danes, ventured another 
 Battle in the following Year 783, but was totally overthrown 
 near Detmold in the County of Lippe, and with Difficulty faved 
 his own Perfon. This was the laft of the feventeen Battles Witte- 
 kind fought againft Charles the Great. Moderate Propofals were 
 made, which Wittekind accepted, and got himfelf baptized with 
 , his whole Family by Lullo, Biffiop oiMayence, in the Year 785. 
 
 Thirteen Years had paffed from the Beginning of this War, 
 
 Charles the Great fought ft ill 20 Years longer with the Saxons, 
 but Wittekind had no Hand in it. He was created Duke of 
 Saxony, Charles the Great gave him befides the Dutchy of 
 Angria in Fief, and obliged him not to ufe any more the 
 Title of King. Wittekind had till this Time a black Horfe in 
 his Efcutcheon, which Charles the Great changed into a white 
 Horfe, retained at this Day by the Houfe of Brunfwick. 
 
 The Battles which the Saxons afterwards fought againft the 
 Tranks were unfortunate to them, they were in the Year 804 
 intirely fubdued, after many Colonies of them had been tranf- 
 ported and difperfed in Brabant, Fla?iders, and other Countries. 
 
 Wittekind, in his old Age, made War againft the Suevi or 
 Suabians, but was not able to bear the Fatigues of the War. He 
 was fuffbcated in his Armour by the great Heat, and buried at 
 Angria in Wefphalia, in the Year 807. 
 
 Wigbert, his Son, brought Hildefhei'm into the Form of a City The Anceftors. 
 in the Year 818 or 822. His Great Grandfon, Ludolph, was 
 
 \ T'.i ro 1 iT^ T 1 • Brunfwick 
 
 created Great Duke 01 baxony, by the Emperor Lotharius I. of the Female 
 The Territories pofTeffedby Wittekind, as Duke of Saxony, were 
 but of fmall Extent. Ludolph enlarged them towards the Eaft the Great, 
 from the Wefer to the Elbe, and in a great meafure poftelTed him- Table ir. 
 fclf again of that Independency, the Franks had defpoiled his 
 Forefathers of. Bruno II. eldeft Son of Ludolph, built the City 
 
 F of 
 
34 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 
 
 of Brtaifwick in the Year 86 1. Daneward^ the fecond Son, 
 erected a Caftle in this City, which after his Name is called 
 Danewerderode^ and the youngeft Son Otho, furnamed the Great ^ 
 founded the Convent of St. Michael at Luneburg in 905. He 
 was in fuch higli Efteem with the Princes of Germafiy, that 
 after the Death of Lewis IV. the laft Emperor of the Carlovmgian 
 Line, they elefted him Emperor in 912, but he refufed this 
 Dignity on account of his advanced Age, and preferring Merit, 
 and the Glory of doing a generous Adtion, before his own Re- 
 fentment, fet an Example as uncommon as noble, and recom- 
 mended his Enemy Conrad I. Duke of Franconia^ who was ac- 
 cordingly elected Emperor. 
 
 Otho'% Son Henry, furnamed the Fowler, built the Cities of 
 Gojlar and ^edlinbiirg ; and on the Death of Conrad, the Princes 
 of the Empire, in 919, eleded him Emperor. It was this 
 Emperor, who delivered Germany from the Oppreffion of the 
 Hunni, to whom it was tributary from the Reign of the Em- 
 peror Lewis IV. and in order to fecure the Frontiers of the 
 Empire againft foreign Irruptions, he appointed Marggraves, or 
 Governors of Frontiers, in Slefwick, Brande?iburg, Mifnia, and 
 Lufatia, as Charles the Great had done in Aujiria and Moravia, 
 which Offices afterwards changed into princely Dignities. It is 
 this Emperor alfo, to whom Germany owes its great Number of 
 Cities, for by his Care many Places were walled in, and fortified 
 with Baftions and Ditches ; both for their Defence and the Secu- 
 rity of Commerce ; and to the end that the Nobility might be 
 inured to the Exercife of Arms in Time of Peace, he inftituted, 
 in 935, Turnaments, where every one gloried in fhewing his 
 Addrefs, and which, from that Time, were held in Gerjnanyiox 
 feveral Ages with great Solemnity. 
 
 His eldeft Son Otho I. furnamed the Great, fucceeded him in 
 Saxony and in the Imperial Dignity, his Grandfon Otho II. fur- 
 r\2imz6.Rufus, andhisGreat-Grandfon OtholW. furnamed Mirabilia 
 Mundi, alfo came to the Imperial Throne. Otho I. founded the 
 
 Arch- 
 
35 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 Archblflioprick of Magdeburg^ in 940, at the Defire of his firft 
 Wife Editha, Daughter of Edward^ King of England, of the 
 Saxon Race, upon whom the Territory, where Magdeburg flands, 
 was fettled as a Dowry. The Founding of it cofi; near two Mil- 
 lions of Crowns, which was a prodigious Sum of Money in thofe 
 Days. He alfo founded the Bifiiopricks of Merfeburg, Miffiia, 
 Naumburg, Havelberg, Brande?iburg, and prefented the Church 
 of St. Michael in Luneburg with a Table made of pure Arabian 
 Gold, taken from the Saracens in Italy, eight Feet long and four 
 Feet wide, the Rim was embellifiied with precious Stones of 
 immenfe Value, and on the Table were chafed, in three Rows, 
 feveral Hiflories of the Bible. This Table was placed before the 
 great Altar of that Church, but was firipped in 1698, of a great 
 Part of the Jewels, by a Gang of Thieves, who took from it 
 200 Rubies and Emeralds, together with a large Diamond. It 
 was this Emperor, who by the large Privileges, which he con- 
 ferred on the Bifhops, made them equal to fecular Princes, and 
 by his Liberality, and that of his Son and Grandfon Otho II. and 
 Otho III. the Church acquired almoft two Thirds of their 
 States. The Mines of Rammeljberg near Gojlar were difcovered 
 in the Reign of Otho I. and he introduced a Colony of Franks 
 in that City, who began to work the Ore, and from them the 
 Inhabitants learned the Art and Myftery of treating Metals. 
 Otho I. had great Wars to maintain in Italy, and being obliged to 
 be abfent fometimes for feveral Years from Germa?iy, had his 
 Saxon Dominions, in the mean while, governed by Stadtholders, 
 who afterwards poflefied them in their own Right, and were 
 called Dukes of Saxony on the Elbe, Dukes of Saxony on the Wefer, 
 and Marggraves of Saxony. 
 
 Herman Bilking, as a Reward for the Bravery he had fhewed 
 on many Occafions, got of the Emperor Otho I. that Part of 
 Saxony, which comprehended Limeburg, and was ftiled Duke of 
 Saxony on the Elbe. His Succefibrs were Benno or Berno, Bern- 
 hard, Ordulphus, and Magnus, It remained in his Family from 
 
 F 2 the 
 
36 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 tile Year 960 till 1 1 06, when Magjins^ the laft Duke of Saxony 
 on the Elbe, died without Male Iffue. His two Daughters tVulf- 
 hild and Elikc^ of whom the firft was married to Henry the Blacky 
 of the Giielphic Race, above mentioned, (hould have inherited his 
 States j but the Emperor Henry V. difpofed of this Dutchy iu 
 favour of Lotharius^ Count of Supplinburg^ afterwards his Suc- 
 cefTor in the hnperial'Digmty, who poifeffed it to the Year 1136, 
 when it palfed to the Guelphic Family. 
 
 The Emperor Henry the Fowler had, befides Otho I. or the 
 Greats a Son named Henry ^ who became Duke of Bavaria in 
 948, and was fucceeded in 955 by his Son Henry ^ furnamed 
 RixofuSy Father of Henry II. furnamed SanStm^ who obtained 
 the Imperial Dignity in 1002, after the Death of Otho III. and is 
 the fifth Emperor of the Saxon Race defcended from Wittekmd 
 the Great. Brum., Brother of Henry Rixofus^ Grandfon of the 
 Emperor Henry the Fowler ^ and Nephew to the Emperor Otho I. 
 got that Part of Saxony., which comprehended Brunfwick, and 
 was fiiled Marggrave of Saxony. His Succeffors were Bruno II. 
 Ludolph., Ecbert I. ssAEcbert II. It continued in his Family till 
 1090, when Ecbert II. the lafi; Marggrave of Saxony, died with- 
 out Male Iffue. He had a Sifter named Gertraut, married to 
 Henry the Grofs, Duke of Saxony on the IFefer, who, in Right 
 of his Wife, inherited Brunfwick, or the Marggraviate of Saxony, 
 and united it to the Dutchy of Saxony on the Wefer. 
 
 Herman, the third Brother of Henry Rixofus, alfo Grandfon of 
 the Emperor Henry the Fowler, and Nephew of the Emperor 
 Otho I. got that Part on the JVefer, where Gottingen and Nor- 
 theim are fituated, and was called Duke of Saxony on the IVefer or 
 on the Werra. His Defendants were Sigfried I. Sigfried II. 
 Otho fwho alfo became Duke of Bavaria, but was defpoiled 
 of it by the Emperor Henry IV. as has been faid in the Life of 
 Guelph V.) and Henry the Grofs. The laft Heir Male of the 
 T>ukts ol Saxony on the JVefer, Henry the Grofs, married, as juft 
 
 has 
 
37 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswig ic. 
 
 has been obferved, Gertraiit^ Heirefs of Brunfwick^ or of the 
 Marggraviate of Saxony, Sifter to Ecbert II. laft Marggrave, and 
 united the Dutchy of Saxony on the Wefer with the Marggraviate 
 of Saxony. He left but one Daughter named Richenza, who 
 married Lotharius, Count of Supplinbiirg, afterwards Emperor, 
 whom Henry V. his Predeceftbr in the Imperial Dignity, fav'oured fo 
 much, that he conferred on him the Dutchy of Saxony on the Elbe, 
 after the Death of Magnus, its laft Duke, as has been faid above. 
 
 Lotharius, who by the Munificence of the Emperor Henry V. 
 was become Duke of Saxony on the Elbe, and in Right of his . 
 
 Wife Richenza, Duke of Saxony on the Wefer, and alfo of Brunf- 
 wick, had thus all Saxony united. He had no Male Iffue, but 
 one Daughter named who married, in 1127, Henry 
 
 the Proud, Son of Henry the Black, of the Guelphic Race. His 
 Pofterity by this Alliance received a new Luftre, from a Mother 
 lineally defeended from the ancient Saxon Kings, and who had 
 no lefs than fix Emperors among her Anceftors. The rich 
 Portion alfo, which fhe brought to Henry the Pf'oud, confidera- 
 bly augmented his States, and this is the Prince, whofe Hiftory 
 we now are going to write. 
 
 HENRY, furnamed the Proud. 
 
 ‘ It was in the Year 1127, that Henry the Proud fucceeded his 1127. 
 Father Henry the Black. He received the Surname of Proud 
 either from his Enemies, or on account of a wrong Tranflation 
 of the Latin Word Superbus, which fignifies Magnificent as well 
 as Proud. He had two Brothers j Conrad the eldeft was a Car- 
 dinal, and the other named Guelph VII. was Duke of Spoleto, 
 
 Prince of Sardinia, and Count of Altorff. When Henry the 
 Proud fucceeded his Father, the Boundaries of his Pofteflions were, 
 towards the South, Verona in Italy -, towards xht North, the Danube -, 
 towards the Eafi, the Lower Aufiria, Stiria, and Camiola ; and 
 towards the Weft, the Borders of Franconia, the Territory where 
 
 tlic 
 
3 ^ 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 the City of Ulm is fituated, and the Lake of Conjiance in Suahia : 
 wliich Poffeflions were equal to a confiderable Kingdom. His 
 Wife, as hath been faid, was Gertraut^ only Daughter of the 
 Emperor Lotbarius, whom he affifted in his Wars in Italy 
 againft Roger ^ King of Sicily. Pope Anacletus II. had crowned 
 this Prince King of both Naples and Sicily^ in order to fecure his 
 Allillance againft Innocent II. who was his Competitor for the 
 See of Rome. Henry ^ at the Head of the Imperial Army, main- 
 tained the latter, and found Roger fo much Employment, that 
 very little of Naples remained in his PolTeffion. In thefe Wars 
 ‘Tufcany and feveral other Provinces in Italy were conquered 
 from thofe that fided with the Anti-Pope j which the Emperor 
 Lothariiis bellowed upon Henry his Son-in-Law. In the Year 
 1136, he ceded to him the whole Dutchy of Saxony^ which 
 Henry extended towards the North as far as where Lubeck now 
 is fituated, by conquering from the Polabi^ a Race of Veneds^ 
 the Country called Saxe-Lawenburg. Thus Henry the Proud 
 became Lord from the Baltick^ almofl to the Mediterranean., 
 Lothariiis dying in the Year 1137, declared him his SuccelTor 
 in the Imperial Dignity, and fent him the Crown^ Sceptre^ Swordy 
 and the other Infignia of the Empire. 
 
 It would have been happy for Henry, had Lotharius his 
 Father-in-Law been more beloved by the Princes of the Empire. 
 A great many of them chofe Conrad Duke of Suabia Emperor, 
 who oppofed Lotharius for five Years ; and he would never have, 
 maintained this Dignity, had he not craved the x\fTiflance of 
 Pope Honorius II. to whom he promifed, to acquiefce in all that 
 the former Emperors had been under a Neceffity of granting to 
 the See of Rome. Henry, by marrying his Daughter, inherited 
 the Ill-will fome Princes of the Empire had conceived againfl 
 his Father-in-law. 
 
 1138. A Diet was to be held at MayenceonWhitfuntide, in 1138. 
 
 to chufe an Emperor in the room ol Lotharius ; but ConradP>nkQ 
 of Suabia, fearing that the Majority might be for Henry, an- 
 ticipated 
 
39 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 ticipated the Term, and affembled his Friends in Lent at Coblent 
 where he got himfelf elected Emperor, and was crowned by 
 Lbeodumus the Pope’s Legate at Aix la Chapelle^ the Arch- 
 bifhop of Cologn having not yet received the Pall from Rome. 
 
 The late Emperor Lotharius^ as has been faid, had aflifted 
 Pope Innocejit II. againft Roger King of Sicily, and after his 
 Death the See of wanted the Continuance of the Aid of the 
 Roman Emperors. For this Reafon the Pope haftened the 
 Election, and favoured Conrad, to the Prejudice oi Henry, becaufe 
 Emanuel, Son of the Greek Emperor John II. defired Conrad'^ 
 Sifter-in-law in Marriage, which Alliance appeared to the Pope 
 of great Moment for the intire Conqueft of the Holy La?id. 
 Henry and his Brother Guelph VII. were furprized at this irre- 
 gular Proceeding : They protefted againft Conrad's Elecfrion, and 
 refufed to deliver up the Infignia of the Empire at Bamberg, 
 where a Diet was appointed for this Purpofe. Conrad did all 
 in his Power to move the Princes of the Empire againft Henry. 
 He reprefented him as a Stranger in Germany, and that his 
 Great-Grandfather had been the firft that fettled there; yet 
 at the lame Time, contrary to his Intention, he gave ample 
 Teftimony of the Greatnefs and Antiquity of his Family, and 
 that he was of the Blood of EJle, defcended of the ancient Roman 
 Family of the Adiii, fwelled, as he faid, with the Names and 
 Titles of his Anceftors. For want of any perfonal Charge againft 
 him, he put the Princes in mind of the Treachery of his An- 
 ceftor Hugo, who had fided with Arduinus of Eporecdia againft 
 the Emperor Henry II. concluding, that the Intereft Henry had 
 in Germany and in Italy, was fo formidable, that the Conftitu- 
 tions of Germany would be in Danger of being overturned, in cafe 
 the Princes of the Empire favoured his Caufe. Guelph VII. who 
 was prefent, vindicated his Brother and himfelf, to the Satisfacftion 
 of the whole Aftembly. He faid, that he was not afhamed to 
 own, that his Great-Grandfather had been a Stranger in Germans', ' 
 being of the Blood of EJle, and defcended from the ancient Family 
 
40 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brun swick. 
 
 of the A5Hi j but that they all knew, that their Family was a 
 German Family by his Great Grandmother, and that in her Right 
 his Grandfather, Father, and Brother, inherited and poffeffed the 
 Dutchy of Bavaria : That it was true, that Hugo of EJle had 
 countenanced ArduinuSy but that the Refolution of the Emperor 
 Henryll, to ruin him, had put him upon that Courfe to prevent it j 
 and that after their Reconciliation no body had ever more faithfully 
 or fuccefsfully promoted his Service. He added, that the means 
 Conrad had made ufe of to feize on the Imperial Dignity could 
 not be juflified by fuch groundlefs Infinuations, and that he, on 
 this very Account, ought to be looked upon as the real Subverter 
 of the ancient Conftitutions of the Empire. Upon this the Diet 
 was diifolved, and another appointed at Ratijbon. Still greater 
 Debates were expedled in this Affembly, but Henry was prevailed 
 upon by feveral Promifes of the Emperor Conrad to comply. 
 After the Delivery of the Injignia^ Conrad increafed his Demands, 
 and delired of him, to give up Nurenberg^ and feveral Territories 
 in Italy, which Lotharius had invefted him with. He?iry finding 
 himfelf deceived, refufed to take the Inveftiture of his States from 
 Conrad, and being fummoned to appear at the Diet of Augsburg, 
 came thither with a large Army. Conrad was fo much terrified, 
 that he fled in the Night-time, with his Domefticks and a few 
 Friends only, and did not flop till he arrived at Wurtzburg, 
 Here he aflbmbled the Princes of the Empire, and remonflratcd 
 to them, that it was not lawful for a Prince of the Empire to 
 poflefs two Dutchies ; and fince Henry had acquired Saxony, 
 when Bavaria was already in his PoflTeflion, he thought proper, 
 that this Prince fliould be obliged to give up Saxony, and in cafe 
 of Refufal lofe both Dutchies. The Argument of the Emperor 
 might eafily have been refuted, and feveral Precedents could have 
 been alledged, of Princes of the Empire having in former Times 
 polfeired two Dutchies at the fame Time ; but the Fate of Henry 
 would have it, that Cojirad carried his Point. The Princes feemed 
 
 to 
 
41 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 to apprehend the large States and Power of Henry y Conrad took 
 Advantage of it, and as Henry refufed to give up the leall Part of 
 his Poffeffions, a Decree paffed nemine contradicentey by which 
 he was put to the Ban of the Empire. The Ban was pro- 
 claimed a fecond Time at Gojlar in 1138, and had fnch an un- 
 expected Effect, that Henry was intirely deferted, and no more 
 than four of his Servants remained with him. 
 
 The Emperor difpofed of Bavaria in Favour of his Brother 
 Leopold Margrave of Aujlriay and gave Saxony to Albert fur- 
 named the Bear of the Houfe of Anhalty who laid Claim to it 
 on account of his Mother Rlikey fecond Daughter of Magnus 
 laft Duke of Saxony on the Elbey above mentioned. Henry find- 
 ing little Afiiftance from his Subjects in Bavariuy left the Care of 
 his Affairs in that Country to his Brother Guelph VII, and haftened 
 to the Lower Saxony againlf his fecond Enemy Albert the Bear^ 
 who had made himfelf Mafter of Luneburgy Bar dewick y and 
 Bremeny and drove Adolph of the Houfe of Schauenburgy out of 
 the Dutchy of Holjieiny which at that Time was a Fief of the 
 Dutchy of Saxony. Henry reconquered in a fhort Time Lune- 
 hurg and the other Cities with the Afiiftance of his Mother-in-law 
 the Emprefs Dowager Richenza ; feveral of his Bavarian Vaflals 
 and Subjects, difguifed as Pilgrims, came to join his Army, by 
 whofe Aid he reinftated Adolph in Holjieiny conquered the Marck 
 of Brandenburg and the Marck of Soltwedel from Albert the Bear^ 
 and made him fly his Dominions. The Emperor came to the 
 Afiiftance of Albert y but Henry with a ftrong Army marching 
 as far as Creutzburg in Thuringeny with an Intent to meet him, and 
 from thence to force a Paffage into Bavaria, the Emperor was not 
 in a Condition to withftand him. ACeffation of Hoftiiities was 
 agreed upon, and the City of ^edlinburg appointed for a Place 
 of Congrefs, in Order to negotiate a Peace. But Conrad fought 
 for nothing but an Opportunity to deftroy him, Hcfiry was poi- 
 foned there in the 40th Year of his Age, before any Thing was 
 concluded upon. He left one Son who fucceeded him. 
 
 G HENRY 
 
 1139. 
 
42 
 
 Me^noirs of the Houfe of Brunswick.. 
 
 HENRY furnamed the hyon. 
 
 Table II. Henry furnamed ih^Lyon on account of his Valour. He 
 was but ten Years old, when his Father Henry the Proud died; 
 but his Uncle Guelph VII. took upon him the Guardianfhip^ 
 and acquitted himfelf of it with great Fidelity. 
 
 The Beginning of Henry'% Reign was not very profperous. 
 Bavaria was in the Hands of Henry yafemergot Marggrave of 
 Aujiria ; and Albert the Bear, with the Aflidance of the Veneds 
 had made himfelf Mailer again of feveral Places along the Rlbe,-^ 
 Richenza, Widow of the Emperor Lotharius, and Grandmother 
 of Henry, kept a great many Saxons devoted to her Grandfon, 
 their lawful Prince, and Guelph VII. leagued himfelf with the 
 Archbiihop of Magdeburg, the Marggrave of Mifnia and feveral 
 other Princes againfl Albert the Bear. The War was carried 
 into the Country of Anhalt, feveral Cities were burnt, and the 
 whole Country was laid wafte. 
 
 The Emperor Conrad, joined by a Body of Bohemians, 
 began to march to the Aid of Albert, but on a fudden 
 halted upon the Road, and declared the Averfion, he had to 
 the fpilling of more Chriftian Blood. It was then agreed, that 
 Henry the Lyon fliould keep Saxony, and Albert the Bear content 
 himfelf with the Marggraviate of Brandenburg. In this Situa- 
 tion the Affairs of Saxony remained for that Time. 
 
 Guelph VII, continued to claim Bavaria for Henry his Ward. 
 The Emperor refufed to reinflate him, and a War enfued. 
 Roger King of Sicily had made himfelf Mafler again of Naples^ 
 and to maintain himfelf in that PofTeffion againfl Conrad, who 
 menaced to difpoflefs him, entered into an Alliance with Guelph, 
 whom, in lieu of Troops, he offered to affifl with Subfidies 
 during this War. Guelph alfo allied himfelf with Bela II, King of 
 Hungary, and after his Death with Geyfa II. his Son, and marched 
 againfl the Marggrave of Aujiria, whom he defeated near 
 P ha ley or Falley iu Bavaria, The Emperor Conrad came to his 
 
 A ffi fiance. 
 
43 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 
 
 Affiftance, but was routed in feveral Engagements. At length 
 Conrad had fome Advantage over Guelph ^ who retired with his 
 Army to Weinjberg^ a City and Caftle in Suabia, The Emperor 
 laid Siege to it, Guelph made feveral Sallies, in which he loll 
 abundance of Men, and was reduced to great Extremities. He 
 offered to furrender the Caftle, and the Emperor engaged his 
 Word to his Deputies, that he might pafs with his Troops through 
 the Imperial Army. The Dutchefs, Guelph's, Wife, took Um- 
 brage at this Condefcenlion, and fufpediing, that under this ge- 
 nerous Appearance, fome Refentment might be concealed, would 
 have an Obligation of more Force than his Word. She fent to 
 the Emperor and demanded a Pafs both for herfelf, the Ladies, 
 and all the Women in the Caftle, with Leave to come out with- 
 out Danger, and be conducted to a Place of Safety, with what- 
 ever each of them could carry away j which the Emperor granted. 
 Upon this they came out in Prefence of Conrad and the whole 
 Army, who thought, that the Dutchefs had delired this Permif- 
 lion only to carry off their Jewels, Gold and Silver, and were 
 not a little furprized, to fee her and the reft of the Ladies of 
 Quality, though with the utmoft Difficulty, carry their Hulbands 
 upon their Backs, and to hear them declare, as they palfed thro’ 
 the Camp, that thefe were their realTre.ifure, and the only Jewels, 
 they defired to fecure from Conrad and his Army. By this Stra- 
 tagem Guelph regained his Liberty, and made feveral Attempts 
 to reconquer Bavaria^ but could not fucceed. Henry the Lyon's 
 Mother, Gertraut^ Widow of He?iry the Proud^ married the 
 Marggrave Henry yafemergot of Aujiria^ and by this Marriage 
 confirmed to him the Pofteffion of the Dutchy of Bavaria^ the 
 Emperor Conrad had given him. Guelph VII. however, was 
 invefted by the Emperor, with I’ufcany^ Sardmia, and Spoleto. 
 
 About this Time the Names of the Guelph s and Gihellins feein 
 to have been firft made ufe of by way of Party Diftindtion. 
 The Emperor Conrad was born at Waiblingen in Suabia^ and 
 his Relations and Adherents received from thence the Name of 
 
 G 2 Waiblingi^ 
 
 1140. 
 
44 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 Waiblingi^ which by the Italian Pronunciation was converted into 
 Gibellini. At firft this Diftindlion was only heard of in Germany -y 
 foon after Italy divided itfelf into two Parties, and fuch as were 
 of the Emperor’s Party were called GibellinSy whereas thofe, that 
 adhered to the Pope, received the Name of Guelphs, Germaiiy 
 was divided into thefe two Parties for above one hundred Years, 
 till after the great Interregfiuniy this Divifion ceafed, and the 
 Names of the Parties therewith infenfibly fubfided. In Italy thefe 
 Factions were of much greater Confequence j the principal Fa- 
 milies were at Variance with each other, and if any were indif- 
 ferent in their Judgment, they were forced, for their own Secu- 
 rity, to declare themfelves for one of the Parties. Sometimes 
 one Brother would be a Gibelliny and the other a Guelphy and 
 thereupon forgetting all the Ties of Nature, mortally hated and 
 perfecuted each other. All Sorts of Violence and Revenge were 
 allowed againft thofe of the contrary Faftion, and the Families 
 of one Party could hardly be perfuaded to match with thofe of 
 the other. Their publick Meetings for the moft Part ended in 
 Quarrels, and in the Streets they ufed to point at one another as 
 Traitors or Renegadoes. Nor was the long Duration lefs ftrange 
 than the Violence of thefe Fadfions, for though the Flame did 
 not always burn with equal Fury, being fometimes flifled for 
 feveral Years, yet it lafted in this Country almofl four hundred 
 Years, to the Reign of Charles V. before it was quite extindl. 
 
 After the Marriage of Henry the Lyon's Mother with the 
 Marggrave of Aujiriay and the Satisfadfion Guelph VII. received 
 for his own Claims, Peace feemed in a manner to be reeftablilhed 
 in Ger?nanyy and the Emperor Conrady with an Army of 60,000 
 as fine Cavalry as had ever been feen, marched into the Raji againfi: 
 1147 ' the SaracenSy which was the fecond of the Crufades made againft 
 the Infidels. After the Death of Godfrey of Bouillony King of 
 pferufalemy the Chriftians were much oppreffed by the Saracens, 
 and the Pilgrims, that travelled to the holy Places, had no Safety 
 in pafling the High-Roads. One named Hugo de Fagajiis infti- 
 
 tuted, 
 
45 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 tilted, in the Year iii8, a new Order, called, Templars, from 
 tlieir College, which was hard by the Temple of Solomon, with 
 an Intent, that thefe Knights fliould conduct the travelling Pil- 
 grims and defend them againft the Saracens. But this Order was 
 too inhgnificant for this Purpofe ; 'Jerufalem was even governed 
 at this Time by a King, named Balduinus III. who was under 
 Age, and thefe Confiderations engaged St. Bernhard, Abbot of 
 Clervaux in France, then the common Oracle of Chriftendom, 
 to ufe his Influence with the Emperor Conrad III. to make an 
 Expedition to the Holy Land. Lewis VII. King of France, and 
 Guelph VII. Henry the Lyon's, Uncle, engaged alfo in this Crufade. 
 'They were well received 2 XConJl.antinople, by the Greek Emperor 
 Emanuel, Brother-in-Law of Conrad > but when the Army ad- 
 vanced in their March, the Greeks by different means endeavoured 
 to ruin it. They had falfe Money coined, which they gave to 
 the Soldiers for good, they denied them Entrance into their 
 Cities, and delivered for an extravagant Price, the Proviflons 
 they wanted, in Baskets over the Walls, and mixed Lime 
 among the Meal, which fwept away the Soldiers in great Num- 
 bers. The half-ruined Army at length arrived in Syria, and 
 laid Siege to Damafcus ; but when the City was on the Point of 
 furrendering, Difputes arofe, v/ho fliould keep it, upon which 
 the Siege was raifed, and the Emperor, the King of France, and 
 Guelph VII. after having fpent two Years and a half in this Ex- 
 pedition, returned without having performed any Thing. 
 
 By the Interefl; and Authority of St. Bernhard, a much greater 
 Number had aflembled to ferve againft the Saracens than was re- 
 quired; which made this Prelate propofe, that a Part of the Army 
 Ihould be employed againft the Veneds, who were as great Enemies 
 to the Chriftian Name as the Saracens, and FIe?iry the Lyon engag- 
 ing hiinfelf to be one of the Leaders againft them, made this Ex- 
 pedition during the Time that the Emperor, the King of France, 
 and his Uncle were employed in the Holy Land. 
 
 Thie 
 
46 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 The Countries which the Vetiedsy in ancient Times poffefTed, 
 were thofe, which now are called the Dutchies of Mecklenburg^ 
 Pomerania^ and Saxe^Lawenburg. When in tlie fifth Century 
 feveral Colonies of the Vandals and Suevi made Settlements in 
 Spain^ Portugal^ and Africa, a People unknown before, called 
 by a general Name Slaviy left the Eaji ; a Part of whom marched 
 along the Danube^ and fettled in Bohemia and Poland^ and another 
 -Party pafled through Livonia and Prufflay towards the Baltick, 
 and by Degrees extended themfelves through Pomerania and 
 Mecklenburg to the Elbe^ the ancient Pofleffions of the Vandals. 
 It is not eafy to point out the Time, when this Race of Slavi firft 
 extended themfelves fo far ; but it is probable, that it happened 
 about the Beginning of the fixth Century, from which Time 
 they were Mafiers, for near fix hundred Years, of the Countries 
 on the Balticky and more particularly were called Venediy Henetiy 
 Obotritiy but mofi: commonly Veneds. They were the grofleft 
 Idolaters, and the mod: inhuman Perfecutors of the Chriftians 
 ever known. Their Idols were Rhadagaifus or Rhadegajiy Prowey 
 Stantewify and the Goddefs Sivay to whom they facrificed the hu- 
 man Species, principally their Chriftian Prifoners. They feemed 
 to delight in the Miferies of others, and frequently ripped up the 
 Bellies of the Chriftians, and tied their Entrails to a Poft, round 
 which they drove the poor Creatures with Rods till all their Bowels 
 came out. Their Savagenefs was no lefs towards their own Pa- 
 rents, than to Strangers, they immolated them to their Gods, as 
 foon as they were advanced in Years, and folemnly feafted upon 
 their Bodies with their Friends. There is nothing that this Na- 
 tion can be commended for, unlefs it be their Hofpitality, for 
 one of their Laws expreflly commanded, to fet Fire to a Man’s 
 Houfe over his Head, that refufed to harbour a Stranger j yet it 
 is reported at the fame Time, that they ufually ftole, the Night 
 before, the Viduals, with which they had a Mind to treat the 
 Stranger the next Day. 
 
 When 
 
47 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe 0/ Brunswick. 
 
 When Henry the Lyon marched againft this Nation, they 
 were governed by a King named Niclotus, who commonly called 
 himfelf King of the Obotrites^ and was a great Perfecu-or of the 
 Chriftian Name. The Army divided itfelf into two Parties, of 
 which Henry the Lyon commanded one Part, and Albert Marg- 
 grave of Brandenburg the other. Several Engagements happened 
 to the Difadvantage of Niclofus^ who being driven from one 
 City to the other, at Length flew from his Dominions, after 
 having fet Fire to the Caflle of Mecklenburg^ to prevent the 
 Chriflians from making ufe of this well fortified Place. Ni- 
 clotus after this offered to embrace the Chriftian Religion, in 
 Confideration of which a Peace was made, and a Part of his 
 Dominions reftored to him. 
 
 Not only by the firfl: Aftlons, but oftentimes by the firfl 
 Words of Princes, on their taking upon them the Government 
 of their Dominions, a Judgment is formed of their fiature Reign. 
 The Words Labor emus and Militemus of the Emperors Severus 
 and PertmaXy were taken for Signs of Peace or War in the 
 Empire, and by the Delight, which Henry the Lyon^ who now 
 was of Age, took in the Ufe of Arms, People judged, that, he 
 would not eafily relinquifh his Claim to thofe Poffeflions, whitk 
 had been unjuftly taken from his Father, and were ftill detained 
 from him. He kept in his Service, the greateft Part of the 
 Army that had been employed againft the Veneds^ and after 
 having made Preparations for a new War, marched againft the 
 Marggrave of Aujtria^ his Stepfather, to reconquer the Dutchy 
 of Bavaria. The Marggrave applied to the Emperor, who 
 now was returned from his Expedition to the Holy Land^ and 
 to divert Henry from this Undertaking, pretended to find out 
 Means to reconcile Matters. A Diet was appointed for this 
 Purpofe at PAurtzburg^ but Henry, remembring the Fate of his 
 Father Henry the Proud, refiifed to appear there. Upon this 
 the Emperor formed a Scheme to ftir up the City of Brunswick 
 againft him in his Abfence, but Henry, who had Intelligence of 
 
 it, 
 
4$ 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunsw ick. 
 
 it, baftened to Brunjwick^ and after having fortified and fecured 
 tlie City, difpofed his Troops for pufhing on the War againft 
 his Stepfather. 
 
 When every Thing was ripe for putting his Defign In Exe- 
 cution, the Enemy of the Guelphic Ploufe Conrad III. Emperor 
 oiCs\^Romans^ died. Frederic BarbaroJJdj his Nephew, 
 
 who, according to the Party-phrafe tlien in Vogue, was a Gibellin 
 on account of his Father, Frederic of Siiabia, and a Guelph on 
 account of his Mother ’Judith, Henry the Lyon'^ Aunt, was by 
 both Parties unanimoufly eleded Emperor in his Stead, and 
 under his Reign Henry's Affairs had a much better Afped. In 
 the Year 1155. Prince accompanied the Emperor to Rome, 
 where he went to be crowned by the Pope, according to the 
 Cuflom of thofe Times. Pope Hadrian IV. defired, that the 
 Emperor fliould hold him the Stirrup, and it is faid, that it was 
 Henry who difuaded him from this ignominious Service. Frederic 
 indeed refufed a long Time to comply, till it was proved, that 
 the Emperor Lotharius II. one of his Predeceffors and Grand- 
 father of Henry the Lyon had done the fame. It happened, 
 that the Emperor laid hold of the wrong Stirrup, which much 
 incenfed the Pope ; Frederic anfwered, that he never had been 
 a Groom of the Stable, and that it would be of no Importance 
 to Peter, in Honour of whom he did this Service, if he held 
 the right or the left Stirrup. 
 
 The Romans, at the Infllgation of the Pope, attempted to 
 oppofe the public Entry of Frederic into Rome, and ffopt him 
 upon the Bridge of the Fiber. Henry, in Conjunftion with the 
 Emperor, fell upon the Romans and did Wonders. It happened, 
 that Frederic had advanced too far among them, he was loft, 
 and his Life almoft defpaired of. Henry rufhed into the Midft of 
 the Enemy and luckily refeued the Emperor, whilft he lay al- 
 ready under the Horfes Feet. Above 1 100 Romans were killed 
 in this Rencounter and Henry received a Wound in his Face. 
 The Blood gullied out, which Frederic wiped of, called him 
 
 his 
 
 I 
 
49 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 his Saviour, and promifed not to forget, as long as he lived, 
 the Danger he had expofed himfelf to for his Sake. In conii- 
 deration of this Service he yielded to Henry the Right of founding 
 Bilhopricks, and of appointing and invefting Bifliops in the 
 Countries he had conquered, or fhould conquer from the 
 Venedi ; which was a Grant of great Importance in thofe Days, 
 and Henry^ in Confequence of it, afterwards tranflated the 
 Bifhoprick of Oldenburg in Wagria to Lubeck^ and founded the 
 Bilhopricks of Ratzeburg and of Schwerin in the Dutchy of 
 Mecklenburg, 
 
 When the Emperor and Henry the Lyon returned home, the 
 City of Verona had laid a falfe Bridge over the River Adige, 
 which was timely difcovered ; they had alfo ported Troops in 
 the Defiles, which the Imperialirts had to pafs j but the Emperor 
 took twelve of their Chiefs, of whom eleven were hanged 
 upon the Road, and the twelfth pardoned, for having ferved 
 as Executioner to the others. 
 
 Frederic Barbarojfa being now fafely arrived In Germany, 
 thought himfelf obliged to fee Ba%'aria rertored to Henry the 
 Lyon. Many Objedtions were made by the then Portefibr Hefiry 
 yafemergot ’M.QXggvdL'VQ oi Aujiria. At length a Decree pafied 1156. 
 at the Diet of Ratijbon, to which the Marggrave fubmitted, and 
 gave up Bavaria. The Equivalent he received, confirted of 
 the Country on this Side the River Ens, now called Upper 
 Aujiria, which then belonged to Bavaria. Aujlria was ereded 
 into a Dutchy, and difcharged of the Homage or Fealty, which 
 it owed to the Dutchy of Bavaria ; feveral fingular Privileges 
 were annexed to it, which no other Dutchies or Principalities in 
 the Empire enjoyed, the principal of which were, that the Pof- 
 felTors of Aujiria fhould for the future receive the Invertiture of the 
 Emperors on Horfeback and in their own Country ; that they 
 were to contribute nothing to the Empire, nor appear at the 
 Diets, unlefs they were held in Bavaria-, that Aujiria might be 
 
 ( H -inherited 
 
50 
 
 1157 - 
 
 1 j j3. 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 inherited by the Females ; and that the laft PoiTeflbr fhould have 
 a Right to difpofe of it by Will to whom he pleafed. 
 
 Thus Henry the Lyon came again into the Pofieffion of his 
 paternal States, except the Upper Aiijlria. Guelph VII. his Uncle, 
 was alfo fatisfied. The Emperor invefled him, as his Predecef- 
 for had done, with the Marggraviate of Lufeany, the Dutchy of 
 Spoleto, the Principality of Sardinia, and with all the Countries 
 belonging to the Succefiion of Mathildis abovementioned. 
 
 In the fame Year, the laft Count of Lauenrode died, Henry 
 the Lyon incorporated this County and the City of Hanover on 
 the Leine, belonging to it, with his Dominions, and enlarged 
 Hanover. The Emperor alfo made him a Prefent of the large 
 Pofteffions of Count Uto, fituated upon the Harfz, together with 
 a large Part of the Hercinian Foreft, and the Year following the 
 City of Lubeck was annexed to his Dominions. Henry advanced 
 large Sums to the Inhabitants, to rebuild this City, which had been 
 much damaged by Fire. Some fay, that Henry about this Time 
 exchanged thofe of the Guelphic Territories, which were fituated 
 in Siiabia, for the Caftles of Herzberg, Schartfeld, and other Di- 
 ftriefts, which the Emperor Frederic Barbarojfa yielded to him 
 in lieu of them. 
 
 The City of Milan, and feveral other Places in Lombardy, re- 
 volted againft the Emperor Frederic Barbarojfa, at the Defire of 
 the Pope. Henry the Lyon was prevailed upon to make an Ex- 
 pedition with the Emperor againft them. Before his fetting out 
 he fummoned Nicktus, and the other Chiefs of the Veneds, and 
 made them take an 0.;th to keep Peace during his Abfence. 
 Pope Hadrian IV. pretended, that the Emperor held the Imperial 
 Crown as a Benejicium from the Pope, ufed feveral indecent Ex- 
 predions in his Letters to him, and put up publickly a Picture 
 of the Coronation of Lotharius, where this Emperor lay proftrate 
 at the Pope’sFeet, with thefe Words : Rex venit ante foras,jura7Js 
 prius urbis honor es -, Poji homo Jit Papee, J'umit quo dante Coronam. 
 When the Emperor and his Allies were marching to Italy, the 
 
 Pope 
 
5 ^ 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 Pope retraded, put the Pidure away, and interpreted the Word 
 Benejiciutn, to fignify a Courtefy, but not to imply a Superiority 
 over the Emperor. acquiefced in this Interpretation, and 
 
 carried his Refentment only againft Milan^ and the other Places 
 in Lombardy. They were all brought again under his Subjedion ; 
 Milan was ordered to be burnt, but at the Interceffion of Uladi- 
 Jlausy King of Bohemia, and of Hejiry the Lyon, it was for that 
 Time faved. 
 
 In this War Beringer, the lafl; Count of Sidtzbach, was killed, 
 and Gebhard, the laft Count of Burkhaufen, died ; which two 
 Counties, being Fiefs of the Dutchy of Bavaria, Henry the Lyon 
 incorporated with his Dominions. 
 
 He did not flay with the Emperor in Italy to the End of this 
 Expedition. Niclotus, King of the Obotrites abovementioned, 
 unmindful of the Oath he had taken to keep Peace during Henry's 
 Abfence, took up Arms againfl; him. He was defeated near 
 Mecklenburg, and killed by a Party of Horfe that were foraging, 
 which made fuch Imprefiion upon his two Sons, Wratijlam, and 
 Prebijlaus II. that they fubmitted, and fwore Allegiance to Henry, 
 upon which their Father’s Dominions were reftored to them. 
 But fcarce a Year paffed, but the two Brothers took up Arms 
 again, and being worfted, fet Fire to the fine City of Herula, 
 commonly called Werla, to prevent the Chrifiians from enjoying 
 it. Wratijlam was taken, and carried in Chains to Brunfwick, 
 Pribijlaus fubmitted, and was invefied by Henry with that Part 
 of the Dutchy of Mecklenburg, which now is called the Lordfhip 
 of Rojlock. This Peace, however, was again of little Duration, 
 Wratijlam, though confined, ftirred up his Brotlier to fall upon 
 the City of Mecklenburg, or Megapolis, then much inhabited by 
 Chrifiians, chiefly by feveral Merchants, that had fettled there 
 from Brabant. After having killed all its Inhabitants without 
 Mercy, he reduced this famous City, which was five Leagues in 
 Circumference, to a Heap of Rubbifh. Henry, to revenge this 
 Perfidioufnefs, had Wratijlam hanged, and marched againfl 
 
 H 2 Pre-~ 
 
 1159, 
 
 1 160. 
 
 1 162. 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 
 
 Vrehijlaiis^ who had retired to Demmin in Pomerania. A Battle 
 happened near that City, in which Prebijlaus was totally defeated,, 
 and Henry obliged him from that Time never toufe the Title of 
 King. The whole Nation of the Feneds was almoft ruined ; the 
 Dutchy of Mecklenburg peopled with Saxons^ Priejla7iders^ and ' 
 other Nations j and the Name of Feneds became in fuch Abomi- 
 nation, that no body could have an Office, unlefs he had previoufly 
 cleared himfelf, that he was not defeended from the Race of the 
 Feneds. The reft of this Nation retired to Den?nark TmAPomeraniay 
 fome fettled in Lufatia^ the March of Brandenburgs and fome con- 
 cealed themfelves in the Dutchy oi Luneburg. Prebijlaus became 
 a Chriftian, and did Homage again to He7iry the Lyon^ who gave 
 him the County of Mecklenburg in Fief as a Principality, and 
 Gimzelinus, a Nobleman of the Fartiily of Barte77jlebens received 
 the County of Schwerin, as a Recompenfe for the Bravery he 
 had ftiewn in thefe Wars againft the Fc7ieds. 
 
 Cajmiir and Bogijlaus, Dukes of Pcmera7iia, had in this War 
 fecretly given Affiftance to Prebijlaus, contrary to their open 
 Afllirances. Henry had a Mind to be revenged on them, and 
 marched into Po7nerania j but News arrived, that the Greek 
 Emperor E 7 nanuel I. had fent him an Ambafty. Henry haftened 
 to B nmfwick, and left the Command of the Army to his Officers,, 
 who obliged the Dukes of Po77iera7iia to pay a yearly Tribute. 
 The Ambafliidors were commiffioned to congratulate Henry on 
 account of his many glorious Exploits, the Fame of which had 
 reached the Ears of the Emperor, their Mafter ; and to folicit his 
 Friendihip. 
 
 The Height of Honour and Glory He7i7y was arrived at, 
 could not fail of caufmg a fecret Uncafinefs in People, that were 
 of a Difpofttion to think themfelves unhappy, when their Neigh- 
 bours were in Profperity. Henry was modeft and grave, a Ter- 
 ror to Offenders, and extremely beloved by the Innocent and 
 Good ; he is reported to have always been more defirous of doing 
 what deferved Applaufe, than of receiving it, and never to have 
 
 aftedfed 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 aifected to fpeak of himfelf, but to have done great Adions with 
 little Pomp and Noife. Yet for all this Moderation many 
 Enemies ftarted up againft him, who for a Time caballed, and 
 at length made a Confederacy againft him. The principal 
 of thefe were the Archbifhops of Magdeburg and Cologn, the 
 Biflaop of HildeJJ:eim, the Landgrave of T^huringen^ the Marg- 
 grave of Brcmdenhurg^ the Prince of Anhalt^ and the Count of 
 Oldenburg. 
 
 Chrijlian, Count of Oldejtburg, at the Head of a great Num- 
 ber of Friejlanders feized the City of Bremen^ and all the Places 
 on the tVeJer, that belonged to Hen/y the Lyon j and JVichman, 
 Archbidaop of Magdeburg^ marched his Troops to join thofe of 
 Jiildejheimy in order to fill upon the Country of Bru?ifwick,. 
 Henry prevents their Jundion, enters the Archbidioprick of 
 Magdeburg^ and having laid all the Country wafte, turns on a 
 hidden towards Bremen^ and offers Battle to the OldenburgherSy 
 who blocked up the Pafs of Gera, They refufe to fight, and 
 both Armies remain inadive for five Days. At length Henry 
 makes a feigned Retreat, the Oldenbiirghers march home, but 
 Henry returns, attacks Bremm, and takes it by Affault. The 
 City is pillaged, and fuch of the Inhabitants, as had fled, pay 
 6000 Marks of Silver to liave Liberty to return to their Dwel- 
 lings. Henry marches before Oldenburg, but mifies his Aim. 
 Some Friejlanders y in Garrifon tliere, had overthrown the Cha- 
 lice, when the Prieft was reading Mafs, upon this a great Dif- 
 fenfion arofe amongft the Burghers, and the Garrifon ; Henry 
 takes Advantage of it, marches a fecond Time before the City, 
 and takes It. The Archbifliop of Bremen, not finding himfelf 
 in Safety, flies to Magdeburg, whither Fletiry follows him. At 
 laft this War ends through the Interpofition of the Emperor 
 Frederic. Henry caufed about this Time a Lyon to be cafl of 
 Brafs With his Mouth open, to fignify, that fuch as attacked 
 him, fhould be treated with as little Mercy, as a Lyon would 
 treat his Enemies this Lyon was put up dXBrunfwick over againft 
 
.‘54 
 
 » i68. 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 tlie Caflle of Danavcrderodc, where it is to be feen to this 
 Day. 
 
 Henry had married dementia Dutchefs of Zaringen ; the 
 Clergy cried aloud againft it, on account of the near Relation 
 between them. divorced her in 1162. and fome Years 
 
 after demanded in Marriage Mathilda^ Daughter of Hejiry II. 
 King of England. This Princefs was chofen for him by the 
 Emperor Frederic , who engaged Rhei 7 ihold^ Archbifhop of 
 Co/cgn^ to go to England^ to negotiate this Alliance. She 
 was promifed to Henry in 1 167. and conducted by the Earls of 
 Arundel and Struguil to Briinfivick, where the Nuptials were 
 celebrated in the Year i i6g [a). 
 
 In the fame Year Henry incorporated with his Dominions 
 the County of Stade^ which became vacant by the Death of 
 Hartwic I. Archbifhop of Bremen^ laft Count of that Family. 
 Difputes foon after arofe between Woldemar King of Denmark^ 
 and Henry, which came to open Hoftilities. Woldemar had 
 made a Treaty with him to conquer the idolatrous Inhabitants 
 of the Wands of Rugen, Ufedom, and Wollin, and to divide the 
 Conquefts equally between them. They fucceeded in their 
 Undertaking, the Wanders fubmitted, and the famous City of 
 "Julin in the Wand of Wollin was demolilhed. This City had till 
 then ingroffed all the Trade of the Baltick, and its Ruin oc- 
 cafioned the building of the City of Dantzig. The Booty the 
 Conquerors found in yulin was aftonifhing. Wolde?nar refufed 
 to divide the Spoils • Henry granted Letters of Mart to his 
 Subjedls, to cruize upon the Danes 5 they made a great Number 
 
 (a ) Ralph Brooke, York Herald, in his Catalogue of the Kings of England, &c. fays, 
 Mauld, eldeft Daughter of Henry II, was married in 1168, to Henry the Lyon Duke of 
 Saxony and Sardinia ( Bavaria ) and with him agree Gervajius, Helmold, Albertus Sta- 
 denfts, and feveral others, Robert de Monte, or the Continuator of his Work, places it 
 in 1169, but fuch Chronological Differences are common in French Authors of thofe 
 Days, who, according ioGervaJius, differently computed the Years j fome from the 
 of Chrifi, fome from his Circumeijion, others from Lady-Day, and others again from 
 Eajler. 
 
 of 
 
55 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 of Prizes, which were publickly fold at Mecklenburg. At length 
 Woldemar was obliged to do Juftice to Henry j the Conquefts 
 and the Spoil were equally divided. Peace re-eftablifhed, and in 
 Confirmation of it Canutus, Son of King Woldemar ^ married 
 Gertraut^ (by others called Richenza) Daughter of Henry the Lyon^ 
 by his firfi; Wife. 
 
 In the Year 1 171, Henry, out of Devotion, refolved to make 
 a Journey to t\\Q Holy Land, and appointed Arch- 
 biihop of Magdeburg, Stadtholder in his Dominions during his 
 Abfence. About a Thoufand People were in his Retinue, the 
 greateft Part Relations, Friends, and VafiTals. The Ship in which 
 Henry was, ran foul on a Rock In the Danube, and he faved 
 himfelf with great Difficulty upon a Piece of Timber, which 
 was drove to Brandis. They continued their Journey by Land, 
 pafled by Belgrade in Servia, and were attacked near Ravenel, 
 by four large Gangs of Highwaymen at once, of whom Henry 
 killed above 200, and difperfed the Reft. He pafied through 
 Nijfa and Adrianople, and met, at feme Diflance from Co?ijlan‘- 
 timple, the Officers of the Emperor Emanuel Comnenus, who 
 were fent to condufl: him to his Palace. The Emperor received 
 him in a magnificent Manner, and Henry having refted fome 
 Days, embarked for Accon or Acre, formerly called Ptolomais, 
 and after a mofl violent Storm fafely arrived there j the Knights 
 Templars conduced him from thence to 'Jerufalem, where he 
 was received by Aimer ic, then King of Pferufalem. Henry Raid 
 there fixty-two Days, and after having feen every Thing re-, 
 markable, made his Offerings to the Crofs, according to the 
 Cuftom of thofe Times. He fettled a yearly Income for the 
 keeping of Lamps ^ and beffowed 1000 Marks of Silver upon 
 thofe that guarded the holy Sepulchre. 
 
 He returned by Antioch, and defired a fafe Paffage of Milo, 
 Prince of the Saracens, who, by the Arabian Writers is called 
 Mujiezi Caliph of Syria j but being warned by Boamundus II. 
 Prince of Antiochia, not to rely on the Promifes of Milo, he takes 
 
 H 4 Shipping 
 
 I KJg. 
 1171. 
 
5 ^ 
 
 Mejnoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 
 
 Shipping and lands at ‘Tarfus. Milo purfues him, but Henry 
 efcapcs narrowly, and travels through Armenia for Heraclea^ 
 where he is well received by the ’Turks. After a Ihort Stay 
 he takes leave of the Sultan^ who makes him a great many 
 Prefents, and returns by Niccea or Ifnich^ Cunin, and Anico to 
 Conjlantinople. Here the Greek Emperor gives him many In- 
 ftances ofhis high Efteem, loads him with Prefents during his 
 Stay with him, and conducts him feveral Leagues from his Ca- 
 pital. Henry continues his Journey through Himgary into Ba- 
 varia^ and meets with the Emperor Frederic Barbarojfa at 
 Augjburg. Having fpent a few Days there, he fets out for Saxony 
 and arrives fafely at Bru 7 ifwick, having been abfent in alia Twelve- 
 month, and travelled during that Time near 500 Leagues. 
 
 Henry had fo far eftabliflied his Reputation by his Valour and 
 prudent Conduct, that his Enemies defpaired of being able to do 
 him any Prejudice by Force of Arms, or any otherwife, unlefs 
 they could alienate the Emperors Heart from him, in which 
 they at lad: fucceeded. During his Stay at Aiigjhurg, fome Peo- 
 ple were ordered to acquaint him, under Pretence of Friendlhip, 
 that the Emperor in his Abfence had founded his Stadtholder, in 
 order to know whether or no he would deliver up to him the 
 Dominions of his Principal, in cafe he did not return from 
 his dangerous Journey to the Holy Land and fome went fo far 
 as to indnuate, that the Emperor had laid feveral Snares to de- 
 flroy him upon the Road . Thefe Reports made no Impreffion 
 upon Henry, who thought himfelf convinced of the Emperor’s 
 Integrity. His Enemies being thus difappointed, turned to the 
 Emperor, and although they were themfelves the Forgers of 
 thefe Reports, fixed them on Hemy, to lelfen the Emperor’s 
 Regard for him, on account of his fufpefting his Honour, 
 
 Guelph VII. Uncle of Henry the Lyon, and formerly his Guar- 
 dian, refolved to retire from the World, and difpofed by Will 
 of Tufcany, Spokto, Sardmia, and his other Poflefiions, in favour 
 of his Nephew ; refer ving only a yearly Penfion to himfelf, 
 
 which 
 
57 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 which he fpent at Memmmgen in Suabia. It happened, that 
 Henry was remifs in paying the Penfion ; Guelph, at the Em- 
 peror’s Intreaty, altered his Will, and bequeathed his Dominions 
 to him. This was doubtlefs, the firft Foundation of the fecret 
 Mifunderftanding between the Emperor and Henry the Lyon, and 
 it feems probable, that his avoiding much the Emperor’s Pre- 
 fence from that Time, was owing to his being now more in- 
 clined, to believe the former Reports of what had pafled during 
 his Journey to the Holy Land, and that the Emperor had really 
 an Intereft in his Deftruftion. 
 
 Thefe Circumftances fliew how little Room fome Hiftorians 
 have had for aflerting, that the Emperor never gave Henry Oc- 
 cafion to fufpedl his Sincerity. The above Proceedings were 
 contrary to his former Promifes of an eternal Friendlhip, and it 
 was in his Power to remove thefe Jealoufies, whereby he would 
 have for ever attached Henry to his Intereft, and confequently 
 have reaped the Benefit of fo powerful an Ally in the Wars he 
 was carrying on in Italy. The Cities of Lombardy revolted again 
 at the Defire of Pope Alexander III, who excommunicated the 
 Emperor j and though this Prince razed Milan, defeated the 
 Romans, and drove the Pope out oi Rome j yet the Venetians, who 
 gave a Refuge to the Pope, and efpoufed his Party, fhortly after 
 defeated the Emperor’s Fleet, and took his Son Otho Prifoner j 
 and upon this Milan was rebuilt, and a new Fortrefs eredled, 
 which his Enemies, to mortify him the more, in Honour to 
 the Pope, called Alexandria. The Venetians, thus confederated 
 with the Cities of Lombardy and the Pope, were more than a 
 Match for the Emperor, and he found himfelf obliged to call 
 upon Henry, without whofe Affiftance he could not extricate 
 himfelf out of thefe Difficulties. It is reported, that the Con- 
 dition the Emperor appeared in at that Time, was fo low, that 
 he begged his Affiflance for God's Sake, and even would have 
 fallen down upon his Knees, before him, had not Henry pre- 
 vented this Humiliation. 
 
 I 
 
 Henry 
 
58 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe <?/ Brunswick. 
 
 Henry fcruplcd a while to leave his Dominions to the Mercy 
 of his Neighbours.' At length News came of the grofs Affront 
 the Emprefs had received from the Inhabitants of Milan. This, 
 Princefs, who was waiting in Italy for the Emperor’s Return^ 
 being delirous to fee Milan ^ after it was rebuilt, got Leave of her 
 Hufband to pafs through it. At her Entry the Inhabitants had 
 the Infolence to put her upon an Afs the wrong Way, and giving- 
 her the Tail in her Hand, led her through feveral Streets with, 
 numberlefs Affronts, and conducted her in a Mock Triumph out 
 of the City at the other Gate. The Irrefolution, Henry had been, 
 in till then, immediately ceafed upon hearing this News. He 
 aflembled a great Number of Troops, and marched with the 
 *'74 ('») Emperor before the rebellious City, the Fate of whofe Inhabi-. 
 tants would have been dreadful, had not Henry been obliged to 
 return to Germany. 
 
 He received an Exprefs from Saxony with Intelligence, that 
 the Veneds had gathered in a Body, and made frefli Irruptions 
 into his Dominions, and pillaged, burned, and laid wafle the 
 Country without Diftinflion. Henry confidered the Situation of 
 his States, and of his own Perfon in Ifaly^ where he fought in 
 Company with an excommunicated Prince, and was like to 
 draw the Pope’s Excommunication upon him felfj a Confidera- 
 tion which at that Time went a great Way, the Pope’s Excom- 
 munication being then of fuch Confequence, that the Viduals, 
 whereof an excommunicated Perfon had only taffed, were thrown 
 to the Dogs. He found, that his Troops diminifhed every Day, 
 and that the Siege would laft a long Time, fo many Powers be.- 
 ing in Confederacy with the Rebels. He faw himfelf alfo under a 
 
 (a) Some fay, that this Affront was given, and the Expedition made upon it, fome 
 Years before. Others will have it, that Henry did not make this Expedition at all with the 
 Emperor. But Conrad Urfpergenjis fays, th.it Henry witlidrew from the Emperor in Italy^ 
 which of Nectfiity implies his being there before. Moreover the Author of the Lunelurg 
 Chronicle, in the Colleftion of Leibnitz's Scr'ptores Bru7ifuicenfes, Mutinus, Kornerus, 
 Spangenberg, and feveral others pofitively affert, that Henry, at the Head of a confjderable 
 ^dy of Troops, at this Time marched with the Emperor to Italy. 
 
 Necefhty 
 
59 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 Neceffity of turning, as it were, the Point of his Sword againrt: his 
 own Bowels, becaufe the Dominions of his Relations in Italy, be- 
 cameoften the Theatre of War, by Reafon of their Vicinity. Thefe 
 Confiderations induced him to defire of the Emperor to raife the 
 Siege for that Time, but he could not prevail. 
 
 The Emperor held a Diet at Clavenna or Chiavenna, at which 
 Henry ihe, Lyon affifted. He then received another Exprefs with 
 Intelligence, that the Veneds made unheard-of Depredations in 
 his Dominions. Henry, in the Prefence of the Princes affembled 
 at the Diet, delired Leave of the Emperor to return home, and 
 offered to aflift him with Money. Frederic infilled on his flaying 
 with him till the End of the War, but Henry made Preparations 
 for his Return, and adhially fet out. It is reported, that the 
 Emperor and the Emprefs followed him as far as the Lake of 
 Como, and continued to defire his Stay with them. 
 
 The Veneds, upon hearing that Henry was fet out for Germany ^ 
 quitted his Dominions with Rapidity, and were purfued by the 
 Saxons, who, in this Expedition, took from them the City of 
 Demmin in Pomerania. Henry would have carried his Refent- 
 ment further, but the Defence of his Dominions, which Ulric, 
 Bifhop of Halberjladt, threatened with an Invafion, required his 
 fpeedy Return to Brunswick. Shortly after he began to enlarge 
 the City of Munich, Capital of Bavaria, and finifhed, in the 
 Year 1 177, the great Stone Bridge over the Danube ^xRatiJbon, 
 which his Father had begun in 1125. He alfo adorned, with 
 feveral new Buildings, the Caflle of Dancwerderode at Brunfwick, 
 the Place of his Refidence. 
 
 The Emperor had, by this Time, made an End of the War in 
 Italy. His Officers refufing to fight againfl the Pope and his Allies, 
 he fubmitted, and was abfolved from the Excommunication, and 
 his Son Otho was reflored to his Liberty. We omit the Story of 
 the Pope’s treading upon the Emperor’s Neck, and quoting fomc 
 Words of the Pfalmifl, fince many Authors of Credit make it 
 pafs for no more than a Fable. However, the ill Succefs of this 
 
 I 2 Ex- 
 
 1175. 
 
 1177. 
 
6o 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 Expedition was intirely laid to Henry the Lyon\ Charge, and 
 the Vengeance, Frederic took of this pretended Injury, was To- 
 rigorous, that the German Hiftory can hardly produce a Paralleh 
 As foon as the Emperor had concluded a Peace at Venice 
 with Pope Alexander III. he began to complain of the Condudf 
 of Henry the Lyon j the moft Part of the Princes of the Empire 
 where either his Enemies or indolent, and Henry was llimmoned 
 to appear at the next Diet. His Enemies could hardly wait for 
 the IfTue of the Diet, and feveral of them attacked his Domi- 
 nions, but were for the moft Part worded. The lad Count of 
 Sommerjheburg died, and his Sider Adelheid^ Abbefs of ^edlm- 
 burg^ not finding herfelf in a Condition to difpute the County 
 ii7S. xvith He?iry, who had a Right to it, fold it to Wichman Arch- 
 bidiop of Magdeburg^ who took Poffeffion of it. The Veneds 
 were alfo prevailed, to rife againd him, but he defeated them, 
 whereupon they were obliged to give Hodages for their good Be- 
 haviour for the future. The Archbidiop of Cologn and the Bifhop 
 of Halberjiadt were alfo amongd thofe, who invaded his Domi- 
 nions, but found to their Cod, that Henry knew, how to. defend 
 his Subjects againd OpprefTion, and the ambitious Views of his. 
 n^rg. Neighbours. The Year following he went to Spiers where the 
 Emperor refided fince his Return from Italy^ and complained of 
 the Injuries received from his Neighbours. A Diet was ap- 
 pointed at Worms, where all Parties were to appear, and where 
 Henry was alfo to Anfwer to fome Complaints the Princes of the 
 Empire had made againd him. He did not appear j another 
 Diet was appointed at Magdeburg, where he likewife declined 
 coming, on account of the Number of his Enemies, and he 
 defired a fafe Condudt, and a private Audience of the Emperor 
 at Haldenjlcben, which was granted him. At this Interview he 
 endeavoured to judify himfelf, and defired of the Emperor not 
 to give Credit to the Calumnies of his Enemies, but Frederic, 
 who feemed not to be moved with his Judification , pro- 
 pofed, that to make up Matters, he fhould pay a Fine of 5000 
 
 Marks 
 
6i 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of B r u n s w i c k. 
 
 Marks of Silver, which he refufed, as being prejudicial to his 
 Honour. 
 
 Another Diet was appointed at Gojlar. Henry did not appear, 
 and having now been thrice fummoned, his Enemies infilled, 
 that he fhould be outlawed and forfeit all his Dominions. But 
 fome of his Relations interceeding with the Emperor, Sentence 
 was deferred, and Henry fummoned a fourth Time, to appear at 
 tlie Diet of Ratijbon. 
 
 Henry was apprifed of the Partiality of the Diet, and that thofe, 
 who were to be his Judges, were at the fame Time his Accufers, 
 on which account he again refufed to appear, and protelled 
 againft the Proceedings of the Diet. But no Regard was paid 
 to this ProtelTj the Bidiop of Freifmgen opened the Charge 
 againft him by acculing him of having burnt and demolilhed 
 the Town of Veringen and deftroyed the Bridge over the River 
 Jfer. The Archbilhops of Magdebu'^g and of Bremen^ and the 
 Billiops of Halberjfad and of Hildejheim came next ; they im- 
 puted him the great Damages done to their Territories at dif- 
 ferent Times. After this fome appeared, who politively alTerted 
 that he had murdered Fhomas Becket^ Archbiftiop of Can^ 
 ter bury ^ although it was well known, that he had ne\er as 
 yet been in England,, nur could have been accelTary to that 
 Fad. Laft of all the Emperor charged him with Trealbn 
 againft his Perfon , for having left and abandoned him in. 
 Lombardy, which had brought him in Danger of his Life. 
 Hereupon Sentence palTed, and Henry the Lyon was put to the 
 Ban of the Empire. 
 
 The Ban of the Empire imports, that fach as have the Mis- 
 fortune to be put to it, lofe all their Dominions, their Honours 
 -and Lives, and may be killed by any Body without incurring 
 a Penalty. The Rigour of it extends even to Eccleftafticks, but 
 with this Difference, that their Lives are fpared on account of 
 the Sacrednefs of their Order. In Confequence of this Sentence 
 Henry's Dominions were occupied by tiie Firft, that thought 
 
 proper. 
 
 I I §9. 
 
62 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 
 
 proper to feize on them. Otto of Witteljhach got the Dutchy 
 of Bavaria ; Berthold Count of Andechs was created Duke of 
 Mir an and became polTefled of 'T^yrol ; Bernhard of the Houfe of 
 Anhalt acquired that Part of Saxony which afterwards came to 
 be called the EletJorate of Saxony j Philip Archbifliop of Cologn 
 took the Dut-chy of Angria a)id Wefiphalia j Herman Landgrave 
 of Phurmgen appropriated to himfelf the Palatinate of Saxony 
 and the City of S anger hauf en the Archbifliop of Mayence made 
 himfelf Mafler of the DifiriCl called Eichsfeld ; the Archbifliop 
 of Magdeburg gpt the County of Somerfehurg ; Adolph of the Houfe 
 of Schauenburg^ fliortly after became Proprietor of the Dutchy of 
 Holfein ; the Archbifliop of Bremen had for his Share the County 
 ofStade^ the Bifliops of Paderborn^ of Halberfadt^ of Hildef- 
 heim^ of Verden^ and of Minden took what lay mofl: convenient for 
 them j the Cities of Ratijbon and of Lubeck^ during thofe Troubles 
 became free Imperial Cities j the City of likewife acquired fome 
 Part of Duke Henry's Territories. Thofe of his Vaflals, who held of 
 him Pomerania and Mecklenburg were at the fame Time prevailed 
 upon to rife againfl; him, and the Emperor Frederic got an Oppor- 
 tunity to put himfelf in Poflelhon of the Guelphic States, which 
 Guelph VII. Henry's Uncle poflefled in Suabia and in Italy. 
 
 This memorable Partition of fo fine Provinces gave Occafion 
 to a Pidlure, where a brifk Horfe is reprefented. On one Side 
 appear feveral ravenous Beafts, fignifying the fecular Princes that 
 invaded Henry's Property, on the other as many Birds of Prey, 
 denoting his ecclefiaftical Enemies ; each of them has a Part of 
 the mangled Horfe in his Mouth, one the Head, the other a 
 Foot, a third the Tongue, a fourth a Leg, a fifth an Eye, a 
 fixth the Milt, a feventh a Horfe-fhoe, &c. and nothing remains 
 but the Heart, which is Brunfwtck and Luneburg^ and their De- 
 pendencies, the only Countries, that were at lafl; faved. 
 
 The Ban was fir ft proclaimed at Wurtzburg j Henry protefted 
 againft it, and declared it void, becaufe a Ban ought to be pu- 
 blilhed in the Country, where the proferibed Perfon is born. 
 
 Upon 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 6;j 
 
 Upon this the Ban was proclaimed again at Gemunden in Snabia, 
 the Place of Henry's Nativity. 
 
 He remained not idle all this Time ; whoever attacked him, ii3u 
 found fufficient Employment. His Enemies alfembled at Gojlar^ 
 to deliberate on proper Means to keep the Poffeflions, they had 
 taken from him. Henry, furprifed tlie City, drove his Enemies 
 out, and deftroyed the Mines of the City,, becaufe its Inhabitants 
 abetted his Enemies. From thence he marched for Lubecky with 
 an Intent to make an Alliance with the King of Denmarky but 
 being fruftrated in his Delign, he returned to Brutifwick. Ulric, 
 
 Bidiop of Halberjladty excommunicated him, and fufpended frorrv 
 divine Service, all thofe Churches in his Dominions, on the other 
 Side of the River Ocker, that belonged to the Diocefe of Hal^ 
 berjladt. This caufed great Affliction to Henry^ he fubmitted, 
 went to Halberjladty humbled himfelf before the Bifflop, and 
 was abfolved, whereupon the Interdict was taken off. 
 
 In the mean while Philipy Archbifflop of Cologne and fome of 
 his Affociates, invaded Henry's Dominions, in fo cruel a Manner, 
 that mere Barbarities could hardly have been expeCted even from 
 the meft profligate Scythians and Majfagetes. They killed all 
 that came in their Way, pillaged Churches and Monafreries, 
 and after having burnt and laid wafte all the Country, returned to 
 OjnabrUcky to confider of what was to be done next. Henry ^ at 
 his Return from Halber/iadt, affembled as many of his Troops 
 as were in Readinefs, marched againfl: Philip y and having met 
 him near Hallerfelde in JVeJiphaliay after a molt obffinate Fight 
 intirely routed him. 
 
 When Wichmany Avchh\(hop oi Magdeburg y heard, th-M Hefiry 
 the Lyon had paffed the Wefer, he with the Affiftance of fome 
 Troops lent him by the Emperor Frederic, befleged HaldenflebeUy 
 which furrendered after a Siege of 8 1 Days, Henry beino- at too 
 great a Diftance to fuccour it. The Caftle was demoliflaed, and, 
 the City annexed to the Archbiffloprick of Magdeburg. 
 
 The 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 The Bifliop of Halberjladt^ who fhortly before had been re- 
 .conciled to Henry ^ declared himfelf again his Enemy, and invaded 
 his Dominions^ but Henry marched againft him, routed his 
 Troops, and entered Halberjladt. The Bifhop hid himfelf, but 
 the City being fet on Fire, he was difcovered, when the Fire had 
 almoft burnt his Coat. Henry had fufficient Reafon to keep the 
 Bilhop Prifoner, but had fo much Generofity as to difmifs him, 
 after having reprefented to him, at Luneburg^ the Heinoufnefs of 
 hisCrime, inPrefence of the States of thatCountry there affembled. 
 
 Adolph^ Count of Schauenburg^ who held the Dutchy of HoL 
 ftein of Hemy the Lyon^ for a while remained in his Interefl. In 
 the Battle of Hallerjelde in Wejiphalia^ feveral Prifoners were 
 made, and Adolph claimed a Part of their Ranfom. This gave 
 Occafion for Difputes, Adolph made a Shew to defert Henry ^ who 
 upon this was beforehand with him, and fent a Detachment of 
 his Troops into Holjiein^ which drove him out and took Pof- 
 feffion of the Dutchy. After this Henry marched a fecond Time 
 againfl; his Enemies in the Dutchy of Magdeburg ; luterbock^ 
 Ajherjlebe7i^ and Calbe were burnt, and Northaufen and Mulhaufefi 
 in Thuringen taken. From thence he pafled the Eichsfeld^ beat 
 the Landgrave Lewis of Thuringen^ and took him Prifoner with 
 his Brother Herman, 
 
 It appears by this, that Henry' ^ Valour was fufficient to drive 
 his Enemies before him. Near two Years had now paffed in 
 thefe Wars, and there was no Probability, that he would ever 
 part with a lingle Village, unlefs he was brought to it by Force 
 of Arms. At length the Emperor Frederic, who had no more 
 Wars in Italy, marched againft him. He entered Ba^uaria ; the 
 City of Ratijbon made fome Reliftance, but the Emperor con- 
 ferring on it the Dignity of a free Imperial City, it fubmitted, as 
 did all the other Cities in that Dutchy. After this he marched 
 into the Country of Brunfwick, and divided his Army into three 
 Bodies. One beheged Woldenberg and Lichtenberg, another 
 Lauenburg, and a third Blankenburg, four Caftles belonging to 
 
 four 
 
65 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 four of Henry's chief ValTals,.that fided with him. Thefe Caftles 
 were taken in one Day, Hartzbiirg and Regenjiein fubmitted alfo, 
 and the Emperor, after having appointed the Archbifliop of 
 Cologn Stadtholder in Brunfwick^ aflembled his Troops, and 
 marched for Hanover, which City furrendered after fome Time 
 fpent in befieging it. 
 
 Hereupon Hen?y flies to Bardewick, at that Time a very flrong 
 and opulent City, in the Dutchy of Lmeburg, his own Subjedts 
 refufe him Entrance ; he retires to Lubeck, and puts a Garrifon 
 there. The Emperor purfues him, and is received in Bardewick. 
 Henry comes back from Lubeck to Ratzeburg, and goes from 
 thence to Stade. The Emperor paflfes the Elbe ; Henry's Archers 
 annoy many of his People in crolfing the River. The Emperor 
 inverts Lubeck, and finds much Difficulty in taking it ; he makes 
 an Alliance with Woldeniar, King of Denmark, and the better to 
 engage Bogijlaus and Cajimir, Dukes of Pomerania, Henry's 
 Vaflals, into his Party, declares them Princes of the Roman 
 Empire. The Lubecken fend their Bifhop to the Emperor’s 
 Camp, and defire Leave to difpatch a Meflfenger to Henry, for 
 his Confent to deliver up the City, declaring, that in cafe of 
 Refufal, they are refolved to die, rather than to be perfidious to 
 him. The Emperor confents to itj He?iry, after fome Delibe-, 
 ration, wifely makes a Virtue of Neceffity, and allowes them 
 the Liberty to make the bert Terms they could, to prevent their 
 Ruinj for he prefumed, and that upon good Grounds, that this 
 Inrtance of his Tendernefs would invite them home to their 
 ancient Marter, as foon as the Storm fhould be over. The 
 Lubeckers furrender j the Emperor confirms all their Charters, 
 exempts them from their Allegiance to Henry, and declares 
 Lubeck a firee Imperial City. 
 
 The Succefs of the Emperor’s Arms induces Henry to defire 
 an Audience of him ; he releafes the Landgrave of Lhuringe?!, 
 and his Brother, and fends them to the Emperor, to procure 
 him Admittance. The Emperor receives him j but no Recon- 
 
 K ciliation 
 
66 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe <?/ Bruns wick. 
 
 clliation enfues. All the Blame is laid on the Princes of the 
 Empire, and he is told, that a Diet fliould be held at ^cdlinburg^ 
 where he was to anfwer his Accufers. 
 
 The few Friends that kept fledfaft to Henry^ endeavoured 
 much at this Diet to have him reftored ; they had fome Hopes 
 of fucceeding, but Bernhard^ PolTeffor of Saxony, a Favorite of 
 the Emperor, who would have been a Lofer by this Reftoration, 
 defeated their Defigns. Another Diet was appointed at Erfurt, 
 but before it could take Place, the Archbhhop of Bremen fecured 
 to himfelf the County of Stade, a Fief of Henry the Lyon, and 
 Adolph, Count of Schaiienhurg, was alfo put in PoflelTion again 
 of the Dutchy of Holflein. 
 
 In thefe Circumftances Henry the Lyon thought proper to ap- 
 pear at the Diet of Erfurt. He threw himfelf at the Emperor’s 
 Feet, who recolleding at once the Splendour, this Prince had 
 formerly been in, and the Obligation he himfelf lay under for 
 his having once fived his Life, was moved upon feeing him in 
 this humble Poflure ; he rofe from his Seat, helped him to get 
 up, kilfed him, and could not forbear fhedding Tears. The 
 Animofity, however, of his Enemies, and the particular Interefl: 
 they had in his Ruin, was fo great, that Protefls upon Proteds 
 were delivered to the Emperor, whereby he was told, that it 
 was not in his Power to alter any Thing that had been refolved 
 with the Confent of the Princes of the Empire. The Em- 
 peror feemed to apprehend the Difaffedtion of the Princes, and 
 a Refolution pafled, which enjoyned Henry to quit the Ro- 
 man Empire for three Years, on Pretence, that in the mean 
 Time the Princes, who had fuffered by thefe Troubles, might 
 be in a Condition to recover the Lodes they had made, and 
 that in the Interim Means might be found out for a thorough 
 Reconciliation, and for reftoring to him the Dominions he had 
 been defpoiled of. Henry found himfelf under a NecelFity to 
 confent to this Triennial Exile, and made an Oath for the Per- 
 formance of it. The Emperor on his Part engaged himfelf to 
 
 fee 
 
67 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 fee Brunfwick and Luneburg^ the only Provinces that were left 
 him of fo many Dominions, well adminiftred, and promifed to 
 defend them as his own during his Abfence. 
 
 Henry chofe England for the Place of his Exile, and fet out 
 with his Wife Mathilda for Normandy^ where King Henry II. 
 his Father-in-Law then refided. From thence he made a Pil- 
 grimage to Compojiella or St. yago in Spain^ and returning the 
 ikme Year to Normandy, pafled over to E?tglafid, where his Wife 
 in 1 1*84. at Winchejler was delivered of her youngeft Son William 
 furnamed Lo 7 igafpatha. 
 
 Fie returned to Germany in the Year 1 185. At the Time of 
 his Arrival the Emperor was abfent 3 he was then in Italy, where 
 he laid Claim to the States of the Succeffion of Mathildis of 
 Ejle, ufurped by the Popes, and was rhaking Preparations for 
 marrying his Son Henry VI. to the Norman Princefs Conjiantia. 
 Henry the Lyon fent feveral MelTages to him, he complained of 
 the bad Situation, he found Brunfwick and Lmieburg in, and 
 reminded the Emperor of the Promife, he had made him, to 
 have him reftored after the Expiration of the three Years. But 
 his Endeavours were unfuccefsful. 
 
 About this Time Saladin Caliph of Egypt marched againft the 
 Holy Land with an Army of near 700,000 Men. The Chrifti- 
 ans, principally the Knights Lemplars and the Knights Hofpi- 
 talers, refolutely withftood him, but were beat, Jerifalem was 
 conquered. King Guido taken, and the Vvdiole Kingdom, which 
 had been ereded by the Chriflians 88 Years before, fubdued. 
 The News of this Lofs made a prodigious Impreffion upon all 
 Chriftendom. The Emperor fummoned a Diet at Mayence, where 
 a great Number of the Princes of the Empire engaged themfelves 
 to march rgainfl. the Infidels for reconquering ferujalem. Bern- 
 hard Poflefibr of Saxony, was one of thofe that came into 
 this Scheme, but he foon after retraded, on Pretence, that 
 Henry the Lyon, being now returned, might in all Probability 
 take Advantage of his Abfcnce to feize on that Part of Saxony, 
 
 K 2 wliich 
 
 1 182, 
 
 1185. 
 
 1188. 
 
68 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 which he had acquired by the Partition. Upon this the Em- 
 peror appointed another Diet in the fame Year at Gojlar^ on 
 Purpofe, as he pretended, to decide finally the Difputes about 
 Henry's Dominions. He?iry appeared, but was much aftonifiied 
 at the Propofals the Emperor made him in lieu of impartial 
 Jufiice, which had been promifed him and his Father-in-Law 
 Henry If. King of England. The Propofals were comprifed in 
 thefe three Articles, whereof Henry was to chufe, that which 
 pleafed him moft. i. To content himfelf with the Dominions 
 he now was in Polfefiion of, and to renounce the Reft. 2. To 
 go along with the Emperor to the Holy Land, or 3. to quit 
 Germany again for three Years with his eldeft Son, in which, 
 two laft Cafes noiz. after their fafe Return from their Expedition, 
 or the Expiration of the three Years, he flaould be fully reftored 
 to his Dominions. 
 
 1188. Henry thQ Lyon the laft Article, and fet out again for 
 E 7 igland. He left his Wife Mathilda at Brunfiviek, where fhe 
 died, ftiortly after upon the News that was brought her of 
 the Death of King Henry II. her Father. The Emperor 
 had fet out for his Expedition to the Holy Land without Bern- 
 hard, Polfelfor of Saxony. This Prince in Conjundlion with 
 feveral of his Allies fell upon thofe Countries that remained under 
 Henry's Subje< 5 tion, who upon this thought himfelf no further 
 obliged to keep his Word, and by the Advice of Richard I. 
 King of England his Brother-in-Law, and of Canutus King of 
 Henmark his Son-in-Law, fent his eldeft Son before him to 
 j 1 89. Germany and followed ftiortly after. 
 
 He landed in the County of Stade, where he found Hartwic 
 II. Archbifhop of Bremen at War againft the Inhabitants of the 
 Country of Liethmarfen. The Archbiftiop, that immediately pre- 
 ceeded Hartwic, was Sigfried, a Marggrave of Brandenburg who 
 owed that See merely to the Generofity of Henry the Lyon, and was 
 maintained in it by him againft many Oppofers and even againft 
 tlie iVuthority of the See of Rome j yet his Ingratitude carried him 
 
 fo 
 
69 
 
 Mejnoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 fo far, as to become one of Henry's greateft Enemies, which he 
 (hewed by making himfelf Mafter of Sfnde, as has been faid 
 above. Hartwic, his SuccefTor, who alfo had received many kind 
 Favours oi Henry ^ was of a quite different Stamp, an Inftance of 
 which he gave at this Time by offering to deliver up the County 
 of Stade to our Duke as to its lawful Mafter. Henry fortified 
 Stade j Deputies arrived from the Dutchy of Holjiein^ who pro- 
 pofed in the Name of its Inhabitants to throw themfelves again 
 into his Arms, and the Counts of Ratzeburgy of Sch^erhiy and 
 feveral others of Henry's Vaffals followed their Example. 
 
 Upon this he refolved to try, whether Fortune might not at 
 laft fecond his Valour and the Juftice of his Caufe. After 
 having fortified himfelf on the Side of the Elbey he marched 
 to the City of Bardexvicky which formerly had refufed him En- 
 trance. Some Anhaltme Troops garrifoned the City, and the 
 Inhabitants, on being fummoned to furrender to their lawful 
 Lord, were fo audacious as to (liew their nacked Pofteriours 
 from the Walls. He?jryy who was provoked at it, made an Oath 
 to raze the City and not to fpare one fingle Soul in it ; he af- 
 faulted it for three Days and at length took it j his Soldiers put 
 to the Sword all that were found in Arms, but thofe who 
 had hid themfelves, with the Women and Children got Leave 
 to withdraw, after which the City was reduced to a Heap of 
 Rubbifh, and nothing faved, but nine Churches, whereof the 
 Cathedral ftill remains, as a lafting Monument of the Fate and 
 the Antiquity of this City, faid to have been built 1855 Years 
 before the Birth of Chrift [a). 
 
 From thence he marched to Lubecky the Magiftrates brought 
 
 ( a ) Over one of the Doors in the Infide of this Church are feen the following fix Verfes, 
 by which, according to Meibomius and Sagittarius, the Antiquity of this City is proved,, 
 Abram dum natus, mox Treviris incipit ortus, 
 
 Hinc annis Bard-juick mille fex X quoque quinque : 
 
 Poll Eardwick Roma duo CC. cum quinque triginta. 
 
 M. C. poll nat. junfta odloginta novemque. 
 
 Dum Brunfuicenfis Dux Henricus Leo didus. 
 
 Simonis in Fefto Bardwick fubvertit ab alto. 
 
 the 
 
70 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 the Keys of the City, and gave up the Charter of a Free Im- 
 perial City, which the Emperor Frederic had beftowed upon 
 them. The City of Lauenburg was then in the Poffehion of 
 Bernhard of Saxony. Henry befieged it, and made himfelf 
 Mailer of the Place after a Months Siege. The Fortrefs of Feme 
 and the City of Wolffenbuttel, which his Enemies had feized 
 upon in his Abfence, were alfo retaken. 
 
 During thefe Tranfadtions, the Emperor Frederic Barbaroffa 
 died in the Holy Land, He went thither againft the Saracens with 
 an Army of 150,000 Men, and this Expedition is the third of 
 the Crufades made againfl the Infidels in the Holy Land. The 
 Greek Emperor Ifaacius II. made a Shew of hindering this 
 Expedition, but could not refill fuch a Multitude. There were 
 Hopes of Succefs from this Undertaking, but when the Army 
 after fo many Difficulties, was arrived at the Borders of Syria, the 
 Emperor Frederic, in palling the River Cydnus near Farfo in Na^ 
 tolia, was drowned, and the Misunderflanding amongfl thofe, 
 that commanded after him, rendred this Expedition abortive. 
 
 It is remarkable, that Frederic, who expedled, that He?iry 
 the Lyon would lofe his Life in his Journey to the Eaji, periffied 
 there himfelf. It is alfo worthy of Notice, that the Poflerity of 
 this Emperor, who fo much perfecuted Henry the Lyon, not a long 
 Time after, was extirpated from the Face of the Earth with Hor- 
 rour, the lafl Prince of his Houfe lofing his Head upon a Scaffold 
 at Naples, whereas Henry's, Poflerity, by the divine Providence, 
 has flourilhed from one Age to another to this Day, enjoyed the 
 Dignity of the flrfl Potentate in Chriflendom, and with fo much 
 Glory now fills the Imperial Throne of the Britijh Realms. 
 
 He?iry VI. fucceeded his Father Frederic Barbaroffa in the 
 Imperial Dignity. Wichman Archbifliop of Magdeburg, an old 
 Enemy of Henry the Lyon, complained of his Return to Germany 
 before the Time appointed. The Emperor made warlike Pre- 
 1191. parations, and went before the City of Brunfwick, in Hopes of 
 fabduing it in a fhort Time, but Flefiry the Lyon had put the 
 
 City 
 

 Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 71 
 
 City in a State of Defence, and his eldeft Son Henry^ whom he 
 had appointed Governor of it, difcharged his Truft with fo much 
 Bravery, that the Emperor was obliged to raife the Siege. Upon 
 this Hanover was taken and burnt, which was the only Exploit 
 the Emperor was fuccefsful in during this Expedition. 
 
 Of all the Princes of the Houfe of Stiabia^ that have filled 
 the Imperial Throne, none ever fliewed more Animofity to the 
 Guelphic Family, than the Emperor Henry VI. Guelph VIE 
 Uncle of Henry the Lyon, died without Ifiiie in the Year 1191, 
 about 100 Years old, and his Dominions, by Right, devolved to 
 his Nephew Henry the Lyon. They confifted of their Family 
 States in Suahia, in the Dutchy of Spoleto or Umbria, the Marg- 
 graviate of Tufcany, the Principality of Sardinia, and the Claims 
 this Family had to the Succefiion of Mathildis. Guelph had 
 annulled his Will before his Death, and even had it fubfifted, it 
 would have been of no Force ; for according to the fundamental 
 Laws of the Empire, Guelph had no Right to difpofe of his 
 Family States in Prejudice of his Kindred. But notwithftanding 
 Henry'?, undifputable Right to thefe Dominions, the Emperor 
 referved Part of them for himfelf, bellowed others on his Fa-^ 
 vourites, and inverted his Brother Philip with the States of the 
 Succeflion of Mathildis in Italy. 
 
 He could not but apprehend, that IIe?try would ufe his En- 
 deavours to put himfelf in Portefiion of his Right, as foon as it 
 ihould be in his Power to do fo, and this Apprehenfion made 
 him averfe to fee even the Saxon Dominions rertored to him. 
 
 Several Interceflions were made at this Time in Favour of Henry\ 
 
 A Diet was appointed at Fulde, where He?iry appeared. The Con- 
 ditions, the Emperor propofed, were, that he Ihould break down 
 at three different Places, the Walls of the City of Brunswick, re- 
 inrtate Adolph of Schauenburg, in the Dutchy of Holjlein, raze the 
 City oiLaucnhurg, content himfelf with Half the City of Lubeck, 
 and give Adolph of Schauenburg the other Half, and fend his 
 fecond Son, Luder or Lotharius, to the Emperor’s Court, to re- 
 
 maia 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 main there as an Hoftage, till thefe Articles were fulfilled. In 
 Confideration of his Compliance, the Emperor on his Part, pro- 
 mifed, that all his Dominions flaould be refiored to him. Henry 
 made feveral Objeftions, and would have fixed the Time, when 
 the Reftitution was to be made ; but the Emperor infilled, that 
 he lliould fimply accept of thefe Conditions, whereupon Henry 
 promifed to declare his Refolution the Day following. His 
 Friends, in the mean while, learned, that his Enemies had laid 
 Snares for him, and that he would be in Danger of his Life, as 
 foon as he fliould fet out from Fulde^ in cafe he refufed to com- 
 ply. Henry finding no other Expedient to retire with Safety, 
 relied upon the Emperor’s Word, fubferibed thefe Articles, and 
 fent his* Son Lotharius as an Hoftage to the Emperor. 
 
 Lotharius died foon after at Augsburg^ Henry the Lyon^ at the 
 Emperor’s Requeil, fent his eldefi: Son, Henry^ furnamed the 
 Long^ to the Emperor, but his Reftitution was neverthelefs de- 
 layed from Time to Time. At length he refolved to do himfelf 
 Juft ice; but his Defign was difappointed, by an Accident, which 
 in the Beginning had no Appearance of being capable of affedling 
 him, or of being an Hinderance to his Reftitution. After the 
 Death of the Emperor Frederic Barbarojfa^ Philip II. King of 
 France^ and Richard I. King of England^ who had followed him 
 to the Holy Land with a ftrong Army, continued the War againft 
 the Saracens^ and conquered Ptolomais. Leopold^ Duke of Au- 
 ftria^ who alfo was there, ordered his Colours to be put upon 
 the Walls of the conquered City. Richard ordered them to 
 be taken down, and defired of Leopold^ who was difgufted at 
 it, that a certain Part of the Fortifications fhould be repaired. 
 Leopold anfwered, “That his Father never had been a Bricklayer. 
 In Joppa happened another Quarrel about the Qimrters, the 
 Aujirian Coat of Arms was, by King Richard's Order, taken 
 down from before a Houfe, and thrown into a common Shore. 
 Leopold went home, the King of France was gone before, and 
 did great Mifchief to Richard's Subjects in France, contrary to 
 
 the 
 
73 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 the Oath he had taken before his Departure from the Holy Land. i 
 This obliged Richard to return to England^ and he went home 
 by the Way oi Aujiria. Leopold Kmi Prifoner, and de- 1192. 
 livered him up to the Emperor Heriry VI. This Prince de- 
 manded a large Sum of Money for his Ranfom, and made him 
 befides promife, to oblige Henry the Lyon^ his Brother-in-Law, 
 to renounce the Guelphic States in Germany and in Italy ^ in Fa- 
 vour of the Emperor, and to employ his good Offices with him, 
 to give his Vote to the Emperor's Son Frederic^ then not above 
 one Year old, to be made King of t)\Q Romans. Richard gave 
 Hoftages for the Performance of his Engagement j among the 
 Hoftages were Otho and William, the two youngefl Sons of 
 Henry the Lyon, who had remained in England ; Otho was fent 
 to the Emperor, and William to the Duke of Aufiria. Richard 
 afterwards refufed to pay the remaining 50,000 Marks, and de- 
 manded back the 100,000 Marks already paid, as a Sum of 
 Money extorted from a Friend without any Declaration of War j 
 and, as for the other Engagements, he told the Emperor, that 
 they did not concern him at all. The Emperor menaced to 
 facrifice Richard's two Nephews, and Henry the Lyo 7 t was in 
 great Perplexity. If we credit thofe that have given the Life of 
 this Emperor, the few good Qualities he poffeffied, were intirely 
 counter-balanced by his Cruelty and Breach of Word, and fuch 
 being his Charadler, it may eaffiy be believed, that Prudence in 
 thefe Circumftances required of Henry to defift from purfuing his 
 Right. He never faw his two younger Sons again, but Henry 
 the Lo7tg, his eldeft Son, who was an Hoftage with the Em- 
 peror on account of his Father, efcaped and came home. 
 
 Conrad, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Father-in-Law of Henry 
 the Lyon's eldeft Son, employed himfelf afterwards to bring about 
 a Reconciliation between the Emperor and our Duke. The City of 
 Saif eld m. Fhuringen, was appointed for the Place of an Interview, 
 
 Henry fet out for it, but fell from his Horfe, and was carried 
 back to Brunswick. The Emperor, in Confideration of Henry's 
 
 L Indif- 
 
74 
 
 Table II. 
 J195. 
 
 Memoir's of the Houfe ^^Brunswick. 
 
 Indifpofition, appointed Dullethe, a Place lefs diftant from Brunf- 
 'ivick 5 both met, and a Reconciliation in Appearance happened, 
 the Emperor promifing abundance of Things, according to his 
 Cuftom, without having a Mind to perform the leaft Article. 
 Henrfi Indifpofition i ncreafed at his Return, and he refufed to 
 take Phyhck, being afraid of Poifon. The Church of St. Blajius 
 in Brunfwick was ftruck by Lightning, and the Palace, where 
 Henry lay fick, being near it, was in Danger of being fet on Fire. 
 The Fright, this Accident caufed him, haftened his Death, which 
 happened in the Year 1195, in the 66th Year of his Age. He 
 was of a graceful Prefence, a ftrong Body, and extraordinary 
 Genius. He affedred manly Exercifes, abhorred Sloth and 
 Luxury, -was modeft and grave, and had a becoming Severity 
 of Temper. His Fortune fell fliort of what he defer ved, even 
 when he had as many Dominions, as would have made two 
 Kingdoms. Yet the Strange Combinations in his Time, caufed 
 his Days to be a Series of Troubles. Towards the End of his 
 Life mod; of his Enemies fought his Friendfhip again, and he 
 was even put up in 1 191, as a Candidate to the Impej-ial Throne, 
 when Henry VI. lay fick in Italy. 
 
 King Richard had five Leopards in his Coat of Arms, whereof 
 he gave two to Henry the Lyony and kept three. Henry added 
 them to his Coat of Arms, and placed the Wldte Horfe upon- 
 the Helmet. 
 
 HENRY, furnamed the Lo?ig. 
 
 O T H O, the Emperor. 
 
 WILLIAM, furnamed LongSword.- 
 Henry the Lyon left three Sons, Henry, furnamed the Long, 
 Othoy who became Emperor, and Williamy furnamed Long~ 
 Sword. The three Brothers reigned together jointly for feveral 
 Years, and at lad divided their Dominions, the elded Brother, 
 Henry the Long, furvived the ^others, and united the divided 
 States again. 
 
 This 
 
75 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 This Prince, whilft an Hoftage for his Father, at the Court 
 of Henry VI. as has been faid above, followed the Emperor in 
 his Expeditions in Italy. The Emperor had married Conftantia^ 
 Heirefs of both-^S/aV/Vj, and difputed the Succefllon with Tancred, 
 King of Naples^ who was a Ballard. The Popes aflifted "Tancred^ 
 and the Emprefs Conjlantia was taken Prifoner in 1 1 9 1 , and not 
 releafed till the Year following. During thefe Troubles Henry 
 the Long had an Opportunity of making his Efcape. The Em- 
 peror fent after him, but he difguifed himfelf, put a PlaiHer on 
 his Face, which made him look as blind of one Eye, traverfed 
 Aujlria and Bohemia undifcovered, and fafely arrived at his Fa- 
 ther’s in 1192. 
 
 Conrad^ Count Palatine of the Rhine ^ had promifed him his 
 only Daughter Agnes in Marriage. The Emperor endeavoured 
 with all his Power to hinder this Match, and propofed Philip II. 
 King of France^ for Agnes. The Guelphic Family was in little 
 Favour with the Emperor, and Henry the Long had lately dif- 
 gufted him by returning home. This made Conrad inclinable 
 to Philips and he went himfelf to France to fettle the Marriage 
 Articles j but the Mother, during his Abfence, got the Nuptials 
 celebrated between Ag?tes and Henry the Long, in 1193. The 
 Emperor would have the Father difannul the Marriage, but the 
 Princefs, with great Steadinefs, anfwered : Ab eo cni me didici in 
 annis inf antics mece dejponfatam nemo me disjungat Plenrico fcilicet 
 Duds Saxoniae fiUo. No body lhall fcparate me from Henry, 
 the Duke of Saxony'^ Son, to whom I have been betrothed from 
 my Infancy 3 whereupon Conrad determined to carry the Thing 
 no farther. In Confequence of this Marriage, Henry the Long 
 inherited the County Palatine of the Rhine, after the Death of 
 his Father-in-Law, who had no Male Iffue. 
 
 He claimed a full Reftitution of the States belonging to his 
 Family, which the Emperor promifed him. On this account 
 he did all in his Power to ingratiate himfelf into his Favour, and 
 afiided him in his troublefome Wars in Sicily, and it was owing, 
 
 L 2 in 
 
 I lOJ. 
 
76 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 
 
 in a great Meafure to his Fidelity, that this Prince preferved 
 Naples and Sicily. The Emperor ufed too much Severity to- 
 wards his new Subjedts, efpecially one called Gordanus^ whom 
 he fufpedted to be in too great Favour with his Wife Conjlantia. 
 This Princefs was difgufted at it, took her Hufband Prifoner^ 
 and though flie releafed him upon fome Conditions, poifoned 
 him afterwards at MeJJina^ in the Year 1 197. 
 
 Henry the hong returned to Gerfumiy fome Time after the 
 Emperor’s Death. Otho^ his Brother, had been difmilTed by the 
 Emperor at his Interceffion, and William^ his younger Brother, 
 was fpontaneoufly releafed by the Duke of Aitflria^ who repent- 
 ing, upon his Death-bed, of the mean Condudt he had fliewed 
 towards Richard^ King of England, gave Orders to fend the 
 Hoftage back, and to repay the Sums of Money he had received. 
 
 At the Death of the Emperor Henry VI. Frederic II. his Son, 
 who had been crowned King of the Romans in his Father’s Life- 
 time, was but four Years old. The Princes of the Empire were 
 divided, and eleded two Emperors at once, Philip of Suabia, 
 Brother to the laft Emperor, and Otho, Brother of Henry the 
 hong, who is ftiled amongft the Emperors Otho IV. 
 
 It feems, that thofe Princes, who eleded Otho, began at this 
 Time to perceive, that the true Reafon of the Differences be- 
 twixt the Houfe of Suabia or the Gibelltn Emperors and the 
 Gnelphic Family, was that the former had a View, to perpetuate 
 the Imperial Dignity in their Houfe, which none was more able 
 to hinder than the Guelphic Family, on account of its many Pof- 
 feffions and great Intereft in the Empire, and that for this 
 Reafon the Gibellins endeavoured with all their Power to opprefs, 
 and if poffible, to ruin it. We have feen above, that the Gi- 
 bcllin Family in a great Meafure fucceeded in its Attempt in lef- 
 fening the Power of the Guelphic Houfe, yet it was not able, 
 to iniroduce an hereditary Succeffion, and it had even the Mor- 
 tification, to fee the major Part of the Princes of the Empire 
 
 put 
 
77 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 
 
 put One of the very Family on the Imperial Throne, which their 
 Anceftors, the preceeding Emperors, had fo much oppreffed. 
 
 This Honour was firft intended to Henry the Long^ as the 
 eldeft Son of Henry the Lyon^ but he being then abfent, Otho 
 his Brother was advanced to that Dignity. Adolph Archbifhop 
 of Cologn^ was the chief Perfon .among the Princes of the Empire, 
 that favoured his Eledlion. 
 
 The Crown of Englaiid at that Time was poffefled of the Pro- 
 vinces of Normandy^ Bretaigney AnjoUy Poitou and Aquitain or 
 Guienne, Otho's Grandmother Eleanor brought to King Henry II. 
 Poitou and Guwmey and Richard I. his Son, had cededto Otho, his 
 Nephew, Poitou^ where he refided at the Time the Princes of 
 Germany chofe him Emperor. Richard prevailed on Pope In- 
 nocent HI. to confirm the Eledlion of Otho, which Confirmation 
 was of great Importance in thofe Days. Otho refigned Poitou to 
 his Uncle, who prefented him with a confiderable Sum of Money, 
 and at his taking Leave of him at Rouen, advifed him, in his 
 Way to Germany, to pafs through Poitiers, where Philip II. 
 King of France then was, to try, if he could engage him in his 
 Intereft. Philip was deaf to all his Propofals, and could fo little 
 help difcovering the mean Opinion he had of his Intereft in the 
 Empire, that he told him, provided he would confent to his 
 chufing which of his Baggage Horfes he liked beft, that he would 
 in Return leave him the Choice of either one of the followino- 
 Cities, Paris, EJia?npes, or Orleans, on his Acceffion to the Im- 
 perial Throne. Otho, with a View to be up with him, accepted 
 the Offer, Philip chofe the beft Horfe, with his Burthen, out of 
 fifty, that were laden with an hundred and fifty Thoufand Marks, 
 and Otho delivered it to him on the propofed Conditions. He 
 continued his Journey to Cologn, where he made Preparations for 
 his Coronation at Aix-la-Chappelle. The Inhabitants of this Citv, 
 who were gained by his Competitor, Philip of Suabia, denied 
 him Entrance, and Otho was obliged to take it by Force of Arms. 
 
 He 
 
78 
 
 T 198. 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe <?/ Brunswick. 
 
 He was crowned there by the Archbifhop of Cologjt^ in the 
 Year 1198. 
 
 It is remarkable, that the Princes of the Empire, before they 
 proceeded to the Election of Otho^ to the Imperial Dignity, fent 
 AmbalTadors to Richard I. King of England^ to fummon him, 
 by Virtue of the Fealty he owed to the Roman Empire, to affift 
 as a principal Member of it at the Ele£lion. This Prince had 
 done Homage, when a Prifoner in Ger?nan)\ to the laft Emperor 
 Henry VI. for the Kingdom of Arles (a ), which that Prince 
 did then bellow upon him. Hoveden, an Efiglijh Author, will 
 have it, that Richard did Homage. to Henry for the Kingdom of 
 England^ which feems improbable, becaufe fuch an Homage mull 
 have been extorted, and the Princes of the Empire, who all were 
 fcandalized at the Emperor’s felfifli and mean Proceedings to- 
 wards Richard^ would never have confidered an Homage done 
 for the Kingdom of England, in the Circumftances Richard was 
 in, as a real Engagement to the Empire, nor would Richard, 
 after the Regaining of his Liberty, have thought himfelf any 
 more a Feudatary to the Empire on the Score of England, than 
 he thought himfelf obliged to pay the Relidue of the Ranfom, 
 he had been under a Neceflity of promihng. Thefe Confidera- 
 tions put it beyond Doubt, that Richard's Homage was for the 
 Kingdom of Arles, and that upon this Account only, he accepted 
 of the Summons of the Princes of the Empire. He fent for 
 Ambaffadors to Germany, to affift at the Eledlion and Coronation, 
 as his Reprefen tatives, Philip, Biftiop of Durham, Eujiachius 
 
 [a] The Pofterlty of Conrad, fecond Son of !.• as has been faid in Page i6, 
 
 poflefied the Kingdom of Jrles, which alfo is called the Kingdom of Burgundy, and by fome 
 Regnum Budolphorum. Hiftorians vary in the Account they give of its Extent; but it is 
 probable, that it conlilled at laft of the Provinces of Burgundy, Provence, Dauphine, Sviif- 
 ferland. Savoy, and Franche-Comte. After the Death of Rudolph III. the lall King of the 
 Guclphic Family, who died without Iffue, in 1032, the Emperor Conrad W. annexed this 
 Ivingdom to the Empire, and had it governed by Stadtholders, who, by Degrees, made 
 themfelv'es hereditary, and for Pear of being called to Account by the Emperors, for the moft 
 Part put themfelves under the Protedlion of France. At the Time the Emperor bellowed 
 this Kingdom upon Richard, France was pofTelTed of a great Part of it. 
 
 and 
 
79 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 and Willia7n de Cbimeli, Bifhops eleft of Ely and Angers^ with 
 the Billiop ele£t of Evreux, Balduin de Betun^ Earl of Albemarle^ 
 Williain de Pratellis^ William de Lejlang^ and BriciuSy his Cham- 
 berlain. 
 
 Philip of Suahia made great Promiles to fiich of the Princes of 
 the Empire as were of his Party, and engaged himfelf to lay 
 down the Lnperial Dignity, as foon as his Nephew Frederic 
 Ihould be of Age. He went againft Otho with a numerous Army, 
 and a Battle enfued on the Mofelky which ended to his Difad- 
 vantage, as well as the Siege he laid to Brunfwicky which Otho 
 obliged him to raife with great Lofs, and after much Time fpent 
 before it. He then granted to the Inhabitants of that City, as a 
 Reward for their Fidelity during that Siege, an Exemption from 
 all Tolls in the Poman Empire. The Pope at this Time thun- 
 dered his Excommunication againft Philipy and declared, that he 
 either muft renounce the Imperial Dignity, or deprive him of 
 the Popedom. Otho purfued him at the Head of a great Army, 
 and after having made him quit the Field in feveral Engagements, 
 at laft fhut him up in the City of Erfurt. He laid Siege to it, 
 and thought him already taken, but Philip very fubtilly efcaped 
 in the Night. Otho having thus got tlie better of his Adverfary, 
 called a Diet at Merjebiirgy where he got himfelf crowned a 
 fecond Time by the Pope’s Legate, who, in his Mafter’s Name, 
 confirmed his Ele6lion. 
 
 Philip was not in a Condition to conteft the Imperial Dignity 
 with Othoy who undoubtedly would have maintained himfelf in 
 it, had fohriy King of Englandy his Uncle, not broke his Mea- 
 fures. After the Death of Richard, John feized on the Crown 
 of England ; a Prince, named Arthur, Son of Godfrey y elder 
 Brother of Richard, was alive, and his Mother Conflantia, com- 
 plained to Philip II. King of Fra?ice, of the Injuftice done to 
 her Son. Philip fummoned John to appear at Paris, to account 
 for his Proceedings, and when John, as might be expected, re- 
 fufed to appear, he declared his PofiTeftions forfeited to the Crown 
 
 of 
 
 1199. 
 
 I 200 -.. 
 1 201 . 
 
 1 202 .. 
 
 1203... 
 
So 
 
 Memoirs of the Hoiife <^Brunswick. 
 
 of France, and invaded the Englip Provinces in that Kingdom . 
 The two Kings waged War againft each other for a while ; yohn 
 drengthened himfeJf with the Alliance of the Emperor Otbo, 
 who promifed to make a powerful Diverfion on the Side of 
 Champagne in his Favour. The Count of Flanders declared alfo 
 for them, and thefe Advantages were fufficient to enable John 
 to carry on the War, without dreading his Enemy. Yet not- 
 withftanding that this Prince had Reafon to flatter himfell with 
 Hopes of Succefs, in the Continuance of the War, he liftened to 
 Propofals of Peace, and concluded a Treaty with the King of 
 Fra?ice, in which he fliipulated, among other Articles, Fhat he 
 would not ajjifl his Nephe%v, the Emperor Otho, agamji Philip oj 
 Suabia. 
 
 Had the King of France at the fame Time engaged himfelf, 
 not to afllfl: Otho's, Competitor, this Treaty would in fome Re- 
 fpedl have been juftifiable, but this King was left at Liberty, to 
 adt as he thought fit, and Philip had his main Support from him. 
 Otho .was offended at the Peace made without confulting him, 
 and fent AmbaflTadors to yohn, to demand of him the County of 
 Poitou, and two Parts of the Treafure and Jewels, which Richard 
 had given him by Will, but his unkind Uncle, who had no 
 further Occaflon for his Afliftance, found Pretences to difpenfe 
 with giving him Satisfadlion. In the mean while Philip, by the 
 Afliftance of France, affembled a new Body of Troops, and 
 confined himfelf to ruin the principal of Otho’s Confederates, in 
 which he proved fuccefsful. He took of the Landgrave of 
 Fburingen his beft Cities, and deftroyed his Country. The 
 Bohemians came to the Afliftance of the Landgrave, but were by 
 their own Mifcondudt utterly routed, and this Vidlory of Philip 
 intirely changed the Face of Affairs. The Landgrave and the 
 Bohemians his Caufe without waiting for 0/j6fi)’s Army, 
 
 which made forced Marches to come up with Philip, and one 
 Ally after another followed their Example. 
 
 Otho 
 
Memoh^s^ of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 Otho was fo unfortunate, that even his Brother, Henry the 
 Long^ deferted his Party. This Prince was Count Palatine of 
 the Rhine^ and his Polfeffions, as fuch, were in Danger of being 
 loft, in cafe he continued to aflift his Brother, whofe Party was 
 now confidexably weakened. He had a Mind, however, to 
 hazard fomething for his Sake, provided he would yield to 
 him the City of Brujifwick, and the Foitrefs of Lichtenberg, 
 which Otho refufed. Adolph^ Archbiftiop of Cologn, left his Party 
 alfo, and on this Account fell under the Excommunication of 
 the Pope. The Chapter of Cologn at the fame Time difapproved 
 of his Ficklenefs, and rofe againft him, whereby he was deprived 
 of his Archbifhoprick. Otho^ notwithftanding thefe repeated 
 Difafters, hazarded a Battle againft Philip near Cologn^ wherein 
 being overpowered by Numbers,, he retreated to Cologn^ to which 
 City Philip laid Siege. Otho made a Sally with the Flower of his 
 Troops, with an Intent, either to oblige the Enemy to raife the 
 Siege, or to fave himfelf by a Retreat, which laft Defign fuc- 
 ceeded, and he retired with the Remains of his Troops to Saxcny. 
 Soon after he went over to E?tgla}id^ where his Uncle received 
 him with great Magnificence. Otho'?, Defign was to engage him 
 to adt againft France ; but notwithftanding his utmoft Efforts, 
 it was impoffible to bring him to this Refolution, or to get Satif- 
 fadliom for his Claims founded on Richard's Will. Yet to 
 foften, in fome Meafure, this Denial, the King of made 
 
 him a Prefent of five thoufmd Marks, which fcarcely fufiiced 
 to defray the Expences of his Journey. 
 
 Philip now endeavoured to gain over to his Party Pope In- 
 nocentlW. which he brought about, by ceding to him, againft 
 his Duty, feveral Provinces in Italy, that were Fiefs of the Em- 
 pire. The Pope abiolved him, but at the fame Time, made 
 Ih'opofals for an Agreement between the two contending Em- 
 perors, which were, that Otho ftiould marry Beatrix, Daughter 
 of Philip, and fucceed in the Imperial Dignity after his Death. 
 
 M Otho 
 
 8 i 
 
 1204. 
 
 1 205. 
 
 1 206. 
 
 1207. 
 
83 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe B r u n s w i c k. 
 
 Otho accepted of thefe Propofals, and an Agreement was con- 
 cluded at ^edUnhurg. He continued, however, to ule the hn- 
 perialT\t\t j a Rupture was again apprehended, but Philip made 
 Room for him. This laft Prince had promifed one ofhis Daugh- 
 ters to Othooi Witteljbach. He retrained his Word, and promif- 
 ed her to WenceJIaus, Son of Fre?nif.aus Ottocarus^ King of Bo- 
 hemia, to flrengthen his Party againft the Emperor Otho. Upon ’ 
 this Otho of Witteljbach delired a Letter of Recommendation to 
 the Duke of Silef.a, whofe Daughter he had chofe for his Bride 
 after this Difappointment. The Letter waswrote in his Prefence 
 in favourable Terms, but afterwards altered. Otho of Wittelfbach 
 perceived, that fomething had been fcratched out in the Letter, 
 opened it, and found, that his Life would have been in Danger, 
 in cafe he had delivered the Letter. He meditated Revenge j 
 Philip been blooded, Otho entered hiS Appartment with a 
 naked Sword j the Emperor defired him to put up the Sword, 
 it being no proper Place for fuch Inftruments. Otho anfwered, 
 that this was the right Place, where he Ihpuld fuffer for 
 his Treachery, and ran the Sword through him. 
 
 Otho IV’^. was now Emperor without a Competitor. He got 
 himfelf reelected by the Princes of the Empire at Halberf.adt and 
 at Frankfort on the Mayn. Many Emperors of the Houfe of 
 Siiabia had fucceeded one another, and the Suabians ufed to 
 boaft, that Henry VI. had made the Imperial Dignity hereditary 
 in his Family, which he really attempted, by offering to . the 
 Empire, to unite for ever Naples and Sicily with it, in cafe they 
 would declare the Imperial Dignity hereditary in his Family., 
 We do not find, that this Propofal was ever countenanced, 
 i:o8. yet, it is faid that it gave Occafion to Otho IV. to make a 
 fundamental Law, that the Emperors for the future fhould be 
 elected by three Ecclefiaftical and three Secular Electors, and in 
 cafe the Votes were equal, that the Ki-g of Bohemia fliould have 
 a clecifive one. This is however queflioned by other Authors, 
 who make the Origin of the College of Electors a great deal 
 
 more 
 
■83 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 more ancient, and date it from the Year 99B, in which Pope 
 Gregory V. otherwife Bruno, ftipulated with the Emperor Oth^ 
 in, that the Right of eleding an Emperor flicurd belong ority 
 to the Princes of Germany, which has given Occafion to con- 
 iedure, that the College of Eledors was alfo inftituted at that 
 Time. We Hiall confider the Validity of thefe Opinions, when 
 we give an Account of the Conftitution called the Golden Bull, 
 publidied in the Reign of Lewis Duke of Brunfwick. 
 
 The Emperor Otho IV. held a Diet at JVurtzburg, where laog, 
 the Princes of the Empire defired of him to marry Beatrix, 
 Daughter of Philip, according to his former Promife. The Pi in-, 
 cefs appeared at the Diet, the Emperor faluted her and declared 
 hfcr his Bride. Objedions were made againil; this Marriage on 
 account of Confanguinity, and the Princefs was conduded to 
 Brunfwick , till the Popes Difpenfation could be obtained. 
 Beatrix had three Hundred and fifty Caftles in her Pofieifion, 
 which file brought to the Emperor. 
 
 Above ten Years had pafled from the Time that Philip II. 
 
 King of Fra?ice entered at Poitiers into the Engagement above- 
 mentioned, and Otho, being now foie Emperor, fent a remark- 
 able Ambafiy to Philip, by which he notified his Eledion, and 
 reminding him of the Agreement that had pafied between them, 
 defired him to perform his Promife, by delivering up the City 
 of Paris, which he had chofen, according to the Liberty given 
 him by Virtue of the faid Promife. This Compliment feemed 
 fomething harfh to the King j he replied, that Things were not 
 in the fime Condition as at the Time of the Agreement j but if 
 he had a Mind to difpute it with him, he might do it any 
 Way, he thought proper, and he would reply accordingly. Otho, 
 who much flood upon his Honour, was difgufied at this Anfwer, 
 and refolved to difcover his Refentment, as foon as he fiiould 
 have efiablifiied himfelf in the Empire. 
 
 When Pope Innocent III. heard of the Re-eledion of Otho, 
 whom he efieemed his Friend, he fent Legates to congratulate 
 
 M 2 him, 
 
84 
 
 I Z09. 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 liiin, and offered to crown him, if he would come into Italy. 
 The Emperor called a Diet at Augsburg^ where his Journey 
 was refolvei on, upon which he fet out for Rome in Company 
 with the Archbidiop of Treves and Magdeburg^ the Bifliops of 
 JViirtzbiirg^ Sfrajhurg^ Spiers, Worms ^ Bafel, Conjlance^ Pa[]'au^ 
 Chur, Augsburg, Eichjlaed, Prag, and Ohnutz, and the Dukes 
 of Bavaria, Lorraine, Zahringen, Carinthia, Moravia, and 
 feveral others. Pie appointed Henry the Long, his Brother,, 
 Vicar of the Empire in his Abfence. In palling through the 
 Milaneze, he was crowned at Monza King of Lombardy, ac- 
 cording to ancient Cullom, with a Crown made of Gold, but 
 incompaffed with an Iron P<ing, from whence it is called Corona 
 ferrea or the Iro?2 Crown. PPe was met there by Azo Marggrave 
 of Efe and Ferrara and his Sons, whom he received and 
 treated as his Kinfmen, and gave Azo a Grant of Verona together 
 with the final Appeal of that Province, and likewife the Go- 
 vernment of the Mark of Ancona with feveral Caftles belonging 
 to Vicenza, where among the Motives that induced the Em- 
 peror hereunto, exprefs Mention is made of their Kindred, as 
 appears by the Grant yet extant. From thence he went to hold 
 a Diet at Bologna, wdiere he received great Supplies of Men and 
 Money and having formed a powerful Army, continued his 
 Journey. The Pope received him at Viterbo, and on their Ar- 
 rival at Rome crowned him Emperor, after Otho had made a 
 folemn Oath to perform the following five Articles, i. To 
 adminifter Jufiice. 2. To defend the See of Rome and its Pof- 
 feffions. 3. To augment the Roman Empire and to defend its 
 Rights. 4. To live in Peace with the King of Prance. 5. To 
 maintain Frederic II, Son of the Emperor Henry VI. in the 
 Poffelfion of the Two Sicilies. 
 
 The Pope would not admit of tiie Icall Limitation ; Otho Was 
 obliged to fwear to them, or not to be crowned. The fecond 
 and third Articles were in direct Contradiction one to the 
 other : it was impolfible in thofe Days, to maintain the Rights 
 
 of 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 of die Roman Empire and at the fame Time fatisfy the See of 
 Rome. Thus every Body forefaw, that a good Underftanding 
 between the Emperor and the Pope would be but of a fhort 
 Duration. 
 
 As the Difputes about the Dominions, which Otho IV. claimed 
 of the Pope, make an important Part of the Hiftory of this 
 Emperor, it will not be improper, to give in a few Words an 
 Idea of the Means the See of Rome has made Ufe to acquire 
 and inlarge its Dominions and its Authority, and how it came 
 to pafs, that thefe Dominions were conteded between the Popes 
 and the Roman Empire. 
 
 During the three firft Centuries after the Birth of Chri/i, the 
 whole World was governed by Heathen Princes, and the Bifliops 
 of Rome during this Time were quiet, and for the mod Part died 
 Martyrs for the Sake of the Chridian Religion ; yet even in thofe 
 early Times a Foundation was laid for mod of the Abufes and 
 Errors, that were introduced afterwards. 
 
 Whild the Government was in the Hands of the Heathens, 
 the Chridians in Rome and elfewhere regulated their Wordiip 
 by their own Authority, as well as the Times would permit. 
 This gave Occadon to an Error, that the Regulation of the 
 Divine Service did not make a Part of the Regalia of a Chrijlian 
 Government. 
 
 When Difputes arofe among the Chridians, they chofe not 
 to go before the Heathen Judges, where they would have found 
 little Countenance, but they brought their Difputes before, their 
 ' own Bidiops. From thence the Error arofe, that the Ec- 
 cledadicks had a Right to meddle with the temporal Difputes 
 of their Congregations. 
 
 The Chridians conformed their Marriages to the Word of 
 God, which the Heathens knew nothing of j for this Reafon 
 they could not expedt Decifions* in matrimonial Affairs from 
 the Heathen Judges. This has introduced an Opinion in 
 the following Times, that matrimonial Affairs belonged only 
 
 to 
 
86 
 
 Memoirs of the Hotife <?/ Brunswick. 
 
 to the Decifion of Ecclefiafticks j and Matrimony at Length has 
 even been made a Sacrament. 
 
 As the Chriftians were continually flandered before the Heathen 
 Government, it was found neceffary to keep up ftrid Order 
 among themfelves, one publick Sin being fufficient to endanger 
 the wJiole Congregation. From this, People have been infenfibly 
 brought to believe, that the Popes have a Power to excommu- 
 nicate not only private Perfons but whole Kingdoms at their 
 Pleafure. 
 
 The Chriftians being perfecuted under the Heathen Govern- 
 ment, were often compelled to retire into Wildernefles. This 
 became afterwards Matter of Choice, and Men began to think, 
 they could better pleafe God by leading the Life of an Hermit, 
 than by being ufeful Members to Society. 
 
 In the fourth Century the Emperor Conjiantin the Great al- 
 lowed the Chriftians a free Exercife of their Religion, ordered 
 Churches to be built and became himfelf a Chriftian. This 
 firft Chriftian Emperor ftiould by Right have aftiimed the Di- 
 redfion of the divine Service as his Prerogative, and ftiould not 
 have allowed more to the Popes or Biftiops, than what was 
 conformable to Gods Word. 
 
 But People were accuftomed under the Heathen Government 
 to have the Biftiops intermeddle in their Affairs ; Conjlantin had 
 at firft a great many Heathens in his Service, and the Emperor 
 being himfelf obliged to learn the Principles of the Chriftian 
 Religion, it may be believed, that the Clergy at that Time did 
 not chufe to touch upon this Article. 
 
 Thus it happened, that a Jurifdidtion was left to the Eccle- 
 fiafticks even in the eftabliftied Church as a Right that belonged 
 to them, though they had exercifed this Jurifdidtion only out of 
 Neceffity, whilft the Church was eftablifhing. 
 
 To this may be added, that Conjiantin the Great tranflated, in 
 330, his Refidence from Rome to Conjlanthiopk, The Popes, who 
 hitherto had been of little Confideration, begun now to ftiine 
 
 in 
 
8y 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 in the Abfence of the Emperor’s Court. Rome hitherto had a 
 Pre-eminence before all other Cities, and the Opinion People 
 conceived of the Roman Bifhop became the greater for this Cir- 
 cu ml Lance. 
 
 The Popilh Authors go further, and fay, that Conjlantin the 
 Great was chriftened by the Roman Bifnop Syhejier I. and that 
 the Emperor gave for this Service to the See of Rome, that Part 
 of Italy which is called the Patrimony of St. Peter. 
 
 But no body has better anfwered this Point, than the Venetian 
 Ambadador Donati at Rome, who being aflced by Pope Julius IE 
 where the Bull was, by which Pope Alexander III. had granted 
 the Venetians the Empire over the Adriatick, Eid, that it was 
 wrote on the other Side of the Patent, which Conjlantin the Great 
 had given to the See of Rome for the Patrimony of St. Peter. 
 
 And certainly it has been proved long ago, that Confantin the 
 Great was not chriflened till the Year 337, in Nicomedia, by 
 an Afiatick Bidiop, a fliort Time before his Death ; fo that the 
 Report of Pope Sylvefer’s performing that Fun£lion is no more 
 than a Fable, invented to varnilh the Ufurpation of what is 
 called the Patrimony of St. Peter. 
 
 In the fifth Century, the PVefern Empire, principally Italy, 
 was over-run by different Barbarian Nations. They did infinite 
 Damage in Chriflendom, by burning Churches, and deflroying 
 many valuable Libraries but the then growing Papacy received 
 great Benefit thereby. 
 
 Darknefs overfpread the Wef, few were flcilled either in Di- 
 vinity or Philofophy j the Accounts of the State of the primitive 
 Church became fcarce, and when Schools were eflabliOied again, 
 the Clergy took them under their Infpedlion they forbad the 
 Scholars to read Latin Authors, on Pretence, that a Chriflian 
 ought not to read Eleathen Books j and when they perceived that 
 the whole Wcf was full of Ignorance, they made People bolieve 
 whatever they pleafed. 
 
 The 
 
88 
 
 Mejnoirs of the Houfe ^^Brunswick. 
 
 The Irniptions of the Barbarian Nations had demolidied the 
 Empire of the Weji. Several new Kingdoms fprung up. The 
 Chridian Religion v/as introduced there about the iixth Century ; 
 the Miffionaries referred themfelves to the Bifliop of Rome^ and 
 the Authority of that See became by Degrees much regarded in 
 France^ Spain ^ and Efigland. 
 
 In Proportion as Chriftianity fpread itfelf, Q^rrels and Dif- 
 putes happened among thefe Converts j the Bilhop of Rome was 
 commonly made Arbitrator, for in thofe ignorant Times no body 
 knew, in Matters of Divinity, how to didinguifh between Right 
 and Wrong. 
 
 Thus, the Authority of that See, fo early as in this Century, be- 
 gan to fpread itfelf on this Side of the Swifs Mountains, and when 
 People afterwards became wifer, it had taken too deep Root to 
 be contefled. 
 
 About the Beginning of the following Century, the Bifliop of 
 Rome took upon him the Title of an Oecumenical or Univerfal 
 Bifhop over all Chriftendom j which came to pafs upon the 
 following Occafion. 
 
 When Chriftianity had diffufed itfelf in diftant Countries, it 
 was not fufficient, that fome Bifhops were appointed to infpedt 
 the common Clergy, but Archbifhops were condituted over the 
 Bifliops, and Patriarchs over the Archbifhops. 
 
 A City where fuch a Patriarch redded was called a Metropolis, 
 and the Patriarchs themfelves Metropolitans. In the drd three 
 Centuries, dve fuch Patriarchates gradually took place, one at 
 Rome^ another at Conjlantinople^ a third at Alexandria^ a fourth at 
 Antioch, and a dfth at ycrufalem. 
 
 When thefe Patriarchs perceived the great Advantage they 
 had, not only to command fo many of the Clergy, but alfo to 
 cope with Monarchs, fome of them began to condder, if it might 
 not be pofdble to fet up for an Univerfal Bidiop over all Chri- 
 dendom. With this View, the Conjiaiitinopolitan Patriarch, fchn 
 fejimator, affumed, in 595, the Title of Gecume?iicalU\{hop. 
 
89 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe ^/'Brunswick. 
 
 Gregory I. Bifliop of Rome, loudly exclaimed againft it, and 
 called him the Harbinger or Fore-runner of the Antichriji. 
 But ten Years after, his Succeffor Boniface III. made no Didi- 
 culty to affume the very Title on the following Occafion. 
 
 Phocas, Emperor of the Eaji, had murdered in a moft cruel 
 Manner, his Predeceffor Maurice with his whole Family, and 
 Cyriac , Patriarch of Conjlantimple , refufed to approve thefe 
 Murders. 
 
 Phocas applied to the Bithop of Rome, Boniface III. defired 
 his Abfolution, on account of thefe Murders, and promifed in 
 Return to give him the Title of Oecumenical or Univerfal Bifliop. 
 
 Boniface accepted of this Propofal with Joy j the Oriential 
 Bifliops moved Heaven and Earth againft him, but the Turks 
 who at that Time began to make fome Figure in the Eajl, 
 gave the Chriftians in thofe Parts fo much Trouble, that the 
 Bifhops had not much Leifure to mind the See of Rome. 
 
 The Pope fufpedted, that the Bifhops in the Eaji would call 
 this Title in Queftion ; for this Reafon feveral Orders of Monks 
 were eredted in this Century, and made independent of the 
 Jurifdidion of the Bifhops. This lazy Sort of People in a 
 fhort Time increafed incredibly, and got Footing every where. 
 The Popes, through them, informed themfelves of all that 
 paffed, and when a Man made the lead; Appearance of ma- 
 king ufe of his Reafon, thefe Monks fell upon him and af- 
 perfed him to fiich a Degree, that no body gave Credit to what- 
 ever he faid. 
 
 In the eighth Century, the Popes intirely withdrew their Obe- 
 dience from the Emperors of the Eajl. A Difpute arofe, whether 
 Images fhould be worfliipped or not ? Leo III. Emperor of the 
 Eajl, forbad the Adoration of Images, and the Popes Gregory II. 
 and HI. 2l Rome approved of it. This caufed a Schifin between 
 the Eaftern and Wejlern Churches, about the Year 726, and 
 from that Time they could never be reunited. 
 
 N 
 
 The 
 
/ 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 
 
 The Popes of Rome fell, on account of this Behaviour, under 
 tlie Difpleafure of the Greek Emperors, and were obliged to 
 look out for Affiftance in the JVeJi. Of the new Kingdoms, 
 that had been fet up, none was more powerful, and fit for their 
 Purpofe, than France. The Popes flieltered themfelves under 
 the Wings of this Nation, and a favourable Opportunity offered 
 itfelf of procuring their Affifiance. 
 
 Pipin had, in the Year 751, put his lawful Sovereign, Chit- 
 deric III. King of France, into a Convent, and feized his Throne. 
 Pope Zachary approved of his Condud:, and Pipin was obliged 
 to requite this Favour. . 
 
 Aijhdphus, King of the Longobards, was fenfible, that the Pope 
 had a Defign upon the Exarchate of the Greeks, which then 
 comprehended about the lower Half of Italy ; for this Reafon he 
 was beforehand with him, and abolifhed the Exarchate of Ra- 
 ‘verina, in the Year 752. 
 
 Pope Stephen III. was glad to fee the Greeks difpoffeffed, but 
 could not bear, that the Longobards fliould have this rich Morfel, 
 efpecially as this Nation made a Pretenfion to Ro}?ie\i^t\I. In this 
 critical Jundure, Pipin came to the Affiftance of Pope Stephen III. 
 in 754, and forced Aijiiilphiis, King of the Lo?igobards, to give 
 up to the Pope that Part of the Exarchate, he had taken from 
 the Greeks, which was the middle Part of Italy. For the Greeks 
 continued in Poffeffion of the loweft Part of that Country fome 
 Time after. 
 
 People could not help being aftoniftred at thefe Tranfaclions. 
 Some afked, what Bufinefs a Pope had with fuch large Dominions, 
 and others refleded, that it was indecent for a Vicar, to make a 
 better Figure than his Principal, whofe Kingdom was not of this 
 World. The Pope regarded not the latter, and told the firft, 
 that Conjlantin the Great had already for above more than 400 
 Years, given thefe Dominions to the See of Rome, confequently 
 that this was not a new Donation, but that he only was reinftated in 
 his Pofteffions3 and the People were obliged to believe it as Gofpel. 
 
 After 
 
91 
 
 Mefnoirs of the Houfe of^ runswick. 
 
 After the Death of Fipin, Deftderius, King of the Longobards, 
 endeavoured to retake that Part of the Exarchate the Pope pof- 
 feffed, but Hadrian I. claimed the Affiftance of Charles the 
 Greats King of France^ who came into Italy, in 773, and in a 
 Year’s Time demoliflied the whole Kingdom of the Longobards. 
 
 Thofe Dominions, which properly had belonged to the King- 
 dom of the Longobards, Charles the Great kept for himfelf, and 
 became King of Italy, by Right of Conqueft ; and the other 
 Dominions, which belonged to the Exarchate, he gave back to 
 the See of Rome, in the Year 774. 
 
 Pope Hadrian I. forefaw, that the Romans would not let him 
 enjoy thefe PolTeffions quietly ; for this Reafon he invited Charles 
 the Great to Rome, and difpofed him to accept of the Title of 
 a Roman Patrician, which imported as well the fupreme Power 
 over Rome as the Advocatia, or Defence of its See. 
 
 Not long after, the Pope began to take too much upon him 
 in the City of Rome, a Tumult enfued in 799, wherein Leo III. 
 was thrown from his Horfe, ftript dark naked, and loll one Eye. 
 Charles the Great mod rigoroully punilhed the Ringleaders of this 
 Infurredion the following Year ; Leo purged himfelf by Oath of 
 all the Charges brought againd him, and Charles the Great con- 
 firmed him a new in the Polfellion of the Exarchate. Leo in 
 return prevailed on the People of Rome to proclaim Charles Em- 
 peror of the Weji, which they did the Eve of Chridmas, in the 
 Year 800. There had been no Emperor in the JVeJi, after 
 the Death of Romulus Momyllus Augujhdus, during 324 Years. 
 Charles was already Emperor by Right of Arms, being then 
 King of Italy, France, and Germany, and the hailing or pro- 
 claiming him Emperor, which properly was nothing more than 
 a Ceremony, conferred no greater Dignity upon him than what 
 he already enjoyed, as appears by the very Words the People ex- 
 prefled, on this Occafion, who diouted thus : Charles the Great 
 a7id peaceable Emperor of the Romans, crowned by God 5 and Charles, 
 notwithdanding his great Liberality to the Pope, referved to 
 
 N 2 himfelf 
 
92 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 
 
 himfelf the fuprerne Power over the Pope’s Dominions, 
 
 as well as the Right of conftituting a Pope, and of giving the 
 Inveftiture of Bifhopricks throughout all his Dominions. 
 
 The See of Rome had now a great Income arifing from the 
 Patrifwny of St. Peter. All Dhferences in the Wef were decided 
 at Rome., and brought in great Perquifites ; the Bifhops at the 
 Perfuafion^qf St. Boniface {a), began to purchafe the Pall at 
 Rome with large Sums j all Kingdoms were well flocked with 
 Convents, which might pafs for the Pope’s Caflles, and the 
 Monks in them for his Garrifons. The better Sort of People 
 were very ignorant, and the common Sort fuperflitious to the 
 higheft Degree. 
 
 Thefe Circumflances favoured the Defigns of the Popes, they 
 began now gradually to affume greater Authority. In the ninth 
 Century, Pope Hadrian II. forced Lotharius, King of Aufrafia, 
 to difmifs his Concubine, and to retake his Wife. An Inflance, 
 that the Popes already then affumed an Authority in matrimonial 
 Cafes over fovereign Princes. After the Death of the Emperor 
 'Le%ms II. his Poflerity difputed with each other the Siicceffion 
 of the Empire. Charles the Bald, King of Fratice, went in 
 875 ioRome, got himfelf crowned by the Pope, and founded his 
 
 ( a ) . St. Boniface, alias Wun fried, was an Bnglifloman of De”jonJhire. He contributed 
 much to the Authority of the Pope, in difpofing the Bllhops in France and in Germany, 
 to take the Pall from the Pope of Rome, which voluntary Cuftom afterwards paffed into a 
 Law. St. Boniface was the Occafion of erefting the Bifhoprick of Wurtzburg, and of 
 many other Foundations in Germany. This Country has the Honour to number feveral 
 Natives of the Britijh Iflands among their dignified Clergy, viz. St. Boniface, firft Bilhop of 
 Ratijbon, afterwards ArchbilLop of Mayence. St. Burchard, Bilhop of Wurtzburg, and 
 Duke of Franconia. St. Wilibald, Bilhop of Aichfedt. Wunibald, his Brother, Abbot 
 of Heydenheim in Suabia. St. Rupert, Bifhop of Worms, afterwards Archbilhop of Saltz- 
 burg. Lullus, Archbilhop of Mayence. St. Florentius, Bilhop of Strajburg. St. Suibertus, 
 St. Patto, Stanco, Nortila, Ceniilo, Cortilla, Ifengerus, Harruchus, Heligandus, Erlulphus, 
 all ten Bilhops of Verden. Willibrodus, Adaldert, both Bilhops of St. Vitalis, 
 
 St. Virgilius, the latter known for his broaching tlie Opinion of the Antipodes, both Arch- 
 of Saltzburg. Erhart, Albert, hoih.'Biiftiops of Ratijbon. <>t. Modefus, Bilhop of 
 Gurckin Carintbia. Wikhaldus, Bilhop oi Bremen. John, furnamed Status, Bifnop of 
 Stbwerin, &c. &C. 
 
 Right 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 Right to the Imperial Crown upon this Coronation. People were ^ 
 then made to believe by Degrees, that no body could be Emperor, 
 unlefs he was crowned by the Pope. 
 
 A few Years after the Emperor Charles the Gr-ofs wasdepofed. 
 Pope Stephen VI. made a Law, that for the future no Prince 
 fhould be made Emperor unlefs he were an Italian^ which was 
 the Occafion of many bloody Wars, that lafted about lixty Years. 
 There were during that Time always two Emperors at once in 
 Italy^ who contefled this Dignity, which Confulion gave a fa- 
 vourable Opportunity to the Popes of aggrandizing themfelves. 
 For thefe fixty Years no German Emperor came to Italy. The 
 Popes at laft being themfelves tired of the Cruelties, thefe Anti- 
 Cffars committed, called the Emperor Otho I. of the Saxon 
 Race, who fubdued them and annexed Italy again to the Empire. 
 Agreements were then again made, that the Popes fliould always 
 be appointed by the German Emperors, that the See of Rome 
 fliould always acknowledge the Emperors for Kings of Italy ^ and 
 Ihould not meddle with the Eledlion of the Roman Emperors. 
 
 In this Situation Things were in the tenth Century. In the 
 next the Popes kept none of thefe Agreements, and it may 
 be faid, that this Century was the moR unfortunate of all for 
 the Emperors, and the moft profitable to the See of Rojne, The 
 Popes difpofed of the Dutchy of Apulia^ to which they had not 
 the leaR Title, and which belonged to the Empire, in Favour of 
 Robert Guifcard^ a Norman Duke, on Condition that he fhould 
 become a Vaflal to the See of Rome, afiift it in cafe of Need, and 
 pay a yearly Tribute. They claimed alfo the Vicarfliip of the 
 Empire after the Death of an Emperor. 
 
 But none of the Popes of this Century carried his Ufurpations 
 further than Gregory VII. alias Hildebrand. He afcended the 
 Papal Throne without the Confent of the Emperor or the Car- 
 dinals, and his Reign may be called a Diclato) Jhip over the Chri- 
 ftian World. He came to the See of Rome at a Time, when 
 the Norma 'IS were very powerfui in the lower Part of Italy, and 
 
 whea 
 
94 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe <?/ Brunswick. 
 
 when Mathildis of EJie abovementioned, poflefled the upper Part 
 of it. Both were his Allies, the latter out of Inclination to him, 
 and the former through Fear that the Emperor might demand, 
 what Title they had to that Part of Italy they were in Poffeflion 
 of. In Germany many Abufes had crept in under the Minority 
 of He?iry IV. and when this Prince afterwards went againft the 
 Saxons, civil Commotions enfued, of which Gregory took Ad- 
 vantage. 
 
 Learning was no more in Fadiion, and ecclefiaftical Offices 
 were publickly fold, chiefly in Germa?iy by the Emperor’s Fa- 
 vourites. The Want of Learning gave the Popes an Opportunity 
 of forging and producing Decretals after Decretals, under Pre- 
 tence that they were made by the Popes in the firfl; Centuries, out 
 of which Decretals the Canon Law was afterwards compiled. 
 Simony fiirniffied the Pope with a Pretence, to draw to himfelf 
 the Invelliture of the Clergy. He difpofed gratis of the ecclefi- 
 aftical Offices, and, under this Vail of Difintereftednefs, gained 
 the Hearts of moft Germans. 
 
 He told the Clergy, that it was a Sin to live in Matrimony j 
 they left their Wives and Children, and thus having lefs tempo- 
 ral Concerns, they became the more faithful to the Pope. He 
 increafed the prohibited Degrees in Marriage, fo that the Princes 
 could hardly find Wives of their Rank without his Difpenfation. 
 
 After thefe Preparations he incited the Saxons to accufe the 
 Emperor Henry IV. before him; the Pope himfelf added many 
 Charges, he excommunicated him and abfolved his Subjects from 
 their Oath of Allegiance. 
 
 He held a Synod at Rome, and publiffied thirty Thefes, which 
 he called DiBatus. They contained amongft other Things : 
 “ That the Pope is the fupreme Biffiop, That the Pope alone 
 
 has the Power to depofe Biftiops ; That the Pope alone has the 
 “ Power to make new Laws ; That he alone has the Right to 
 “ have his Feet kiflfed by Sovereigns ; That there is but one 
 “ Name in the World, viz. the Name of the Pope; That the 
 
 “ Pope 
 
95 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 “ Pope can depofe Emperors ; That no Book is canonical, unlefs 
 “ pronounced to be fo by the Pope j That no body can revoke 
 “ the Sentence of the Pope, but that the Pope can annul all, 
 “ Sentences of other Sovereigns ; and. That the Roman Church 
 “ has never erred and will never err.” 
 
 He made the Emperor pafs for a wicked Man. The World 
 believed already, that the Pope could lock Heaven and unlock it j 
 the Monks improved this Belief, they told the People, that a 
 Power to command in Heaven necelfarily included a Power to 
 do the fame upon Earth, as being lefs than the other. True 
 Politicks were unknown in thofe Days, the Pope got the better 
 of the Emperor, and the People, to a Man, believed, that he had 
 a Right to depofe Sovereigns. 
 
 The Emperor went to Rome to get himfelf abfolved. The 
 Pope treated him mod ignominioufly as has been faid above, 
 but at length abfolved him, on Condition, he acknowledged him 
 for his Lord and Mafter, and fwore Allegiance to the See of 
 Rome. Thus the Lord became a Vaffal, and tlie Subjed lorded 
 it over his Mafter. As for the Ufurpations and unlawful Pof- 
 feffions of the Pope, the Emperor durft not opon his Mouth. 
 
 Hefiry afterwards made War upon the Pope and drove him to 
 the Normans. But after Gregory had once found out the Weak- 
 nefs of his Antagonift, he raifed him fo many Enemies, and pur- 
 fued him fo clofely with his Excommunications, that this Prince 
 finifhed his Days moft miferably. The Authority of the Pope 
 was now fo great, that nothing pafted in Chriftendom without 
 his final Approbation and Confent. 
 
 About the End of this Century, the fiimous Crufades had their 
 Beginning. A red Crofs, and a plenary Indulgence, which coft 
 nothing, made the good Men of thofe Days fight more defperately 
 than any Pay, and thefe Expeditions contributed not a little to 
 eftablifh the Power of the Popes. For the Enterprize itfelf had 
 the Apperance of Devotion, and ferved for a Cloak to cover a 
 Number of their Intrigues. 
 
 Monarchs- 
 
96 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 
 
 Monarchs and Princes were induced to take the Field them- 
 felves, and the Pope and the other Clergy in the mean while did 
 at home what they pleafed. Soldiers did not grow up like Mufli- 
 rooms, many hundred thoufands were led to the Holy Land^ and 
 the Emperors were not afterwards in a Condition to march fuch 
 powerful Armies to Italy againft the Pope, as they had done 
 before. 
 
 The Popes collected numberlefs Millions for the Ufe of this 
 War, but we cannot find, that they ever were accountable for 
 them, and it is to be believed, that the Gregorian DiBatorJlnp 
 would never have been maintained, had not the Popes made the 
 Defence of the Holy Sepulchre a Pretence, to drain the Blood of 
 the European Nations. 
 
 In the twelfth Century, the Difputes about the Succeffion of 
 Mathildis had their Rife. The Pope produced a Will, made 
 by Mathildis in Favour of the See of Rome^ but the Emperor 
 Henry V, claimed thefe Polfefiions as Fiefs of the Empire, with- 
 out whofe Confent this Princefs had no Right to difpofe of them 
 in its Prejudice. He polfelfed himfelf of thefe States j neverthe- 
 lefs they remained but a fhort Time with the Empire. He was 
 even forced to yield to the See of Rome^ the Inveftiture of the 
 German Bilhops, and though his Succefibr Lotharius endeavoured 
 to reclaim this Cefiion, he had no Succefs, and was glad the Pope 
 did not refufe to crown him. 
 
 Frederic Barbarojfa made indeed fome Refiftance, and denied 
 Vaflalagc to the See of Rome^ which Pope Hadrian IV. pre- 
 tended to ; but the many Campaigns he made in Italy ^ againft 
 him aud his Confederates, came to nothing ; the Popes remained 
 in Pofleffion of their Authority. 
 
 His Succefibr Henry VI. got himfelf crowned at Rome^ the 
 Pope kicked with his Feet the Crown off his Head, immediately 
 after the Coronation, to indicate thereby, that he had a Power 
 to give Crowns, and to take them away again. He inlarged the 
 Patrimony oj St, Peter j feized the Succeflion of Mathildis ^ took 
 
 the 
 
97 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 the Dutchy of Spoleto or Umbria^ and claimed the March of 
 Ancona. 
 
 By this fhort Sketch, it appears evident, that the Means, the 
 Popes made Ufe of to raife themfelves to the Height of Gran- 
 dour they arrived at, in this thirteenth Century, are unwar- 
 rantable ; that their ambitious Schemes were carried on by the 
 blackeft Crimes j that the Authority they affiimed and claimed over 
 the Emperors, were open Infurreftions or Rebellions againll 
 their lawful Mafters j and that the greatefl; Part of their Domi- 
 nions were ufurped PofTeffions, and belonged of Right to the 
 Empire. 
 
 When the Coronation of the Emperor Otho IV. was over, he 
 inquired of thofe, who were beft able to inform him, what Im- 
 perial Fiefs had been alienated or ufurped ; he difcovered the 
 Popes of Rome to have been the principal Encroachers on the 
 Empire ; that they had torn Apulia from it, and difpofed of it 
 as pretended Fiefs of the Church j that what they called the 
 Patrimony of St. Peter was in Reality a great Part of Italy^ and 
 exceeded by far the Bounds, Charles the Great had fet to the 
 Popes Territories by his Donation 5 that the Claims of the See 
 of Rome to the March of Ancofia were frivolous ; that the 
 Dutchy of Spoleto had alfo been alienated from the Empire 
 and that the States of the Succeffion of Mathildis which the 
 Popes ufurped were Fiefs of the Empire, and befides belonged 
 to his Family by Right of Inheritance and by Virtue of a folemn 
 Grant given by the Emperor Frederic I. in 1157. in Favour of 
 Guelph VII. Otho"^ Great Uncle. 
 
 When Otho underftood this, he perceived, that one Part of 
 his Oath muft neceffarily be broke, as inconfiilent with the 
 other, and conhdering that his Duty to the Empire was much 
 lefs difputable, than his Obedience to the See of Ro?ne^ he 
 wifely refolved, to adhere to that Part of his Oath, which obliged 
 him to prefer ve the Imperial Rights. 
 
 O 
 
 He 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe B r u n s \v i c k. 
 
 He fent a Meflage to the Pope with this Refolution but re- 
 ceived no Anfwer, which provoked him not a little. Another 
 Accident increafed his Difeontent. Several of his Men, who 
 were incatnped under the Walls of RomCy going to fee the City, 
 the Romafis picked a Qi^rrel with them, which came to fuch 
 a Ideight, that the Citizens taking Arms, above a Thoufand 
 Imperialifls were Killed on the Spot. The Emperor complained 
 of this Outrage and demanded Satisfadion, but the Pope refufed 
 it without giving a Reafon for his Denial. Otho diffembled his- 
 Chagrin at this Reflifal, and fet out from Rome^ in appearance 
 to take the Road for Germany. Being arrived in Lombardy^ he 
 marched for Milan, which City he chofe for his Rehdence 
 and put his Troops into Winter-quarters. The Spring following, 
 he made Preparations to take by Force the Dominions, the Pope 
 had ufurped. He gained his Ends after fome Vidtories and 
 entered again in Poffeffion of all that had been taken from the 
 Empire. The Pope claimed the Affiftance of the King of 
 France, but he tarrying to come to his Aid, he had Recourfe 
 to his fpiritual Arms. He excommunicated Otho and wrote to 
 the Princes of the Empire, to eledl another Emperor, becaufe. 
 Otho had forfeited the Imperial Dignity. 
 
 Henry the Long Count Palatine of the Rhine and Brother 
 to the Emperor Otho, fell upon the Archbifhop of Mayence, 
 who undertook to fee the Popes Excommunication proclaimed,, 
 and the Archbifhop of Magdeburg would alfo have been driven 
 from his Archbifhoprick for excommunicating the Emperor in 
 a folemn manner, had not fome Friends interceded with Henry 
 the Long. 
 
 Neverthelefs the King of Bohemia, the Dukes of Aujiria, and 
 Bavaria, and the Archbifhops of Mayence, and of Magdeburg, 
 aflembled at Nurenberg, to confult about a new Eledtion j but 
 Premijlaus King of Bohemia prevented the other Princes from 
 taking a Refolution at that Time in Prejudice of Otho. This 
 King fhewed fo much Zeal for Otho' ^ Intereft, that the Surname 
 
 Ottocar 
 
99 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 Ottocar or Otto-carus was given him j the Bohemians not under- 
 ftanding the Meaning of it, took it for a Title of Honour, and 
 furnamed feveral of his Succeffors Ottocar. The King told the 
 Princes, that it behoved them to confider well, if a new Eledion 
 was neceffary or not, and that the Pope’s Pleafure was no 
 fufficient Warrant for it. He reminded them of feveral 
 Attempts the Popes had made, to fubjed whole Kingdoms 
 to the See of Rome^ and added, that it was their Duty, to refill 
 the Infatiability of the Pontiffs and not to fuffer Monarchs to be 
 treated with Contempt. 
 
 A few Years before, the then reigning Pope Innocent III. had 
 crowned Beter II. King of Arragon at Rome^ not with a golden 
 Crown, but with a Crown made of unleavened Bread. The 
 Reafon of it was, that the Pope had a Defign to put the Crown 
 upon his Head with his Feet, which Peter would not fuffer, 
 whereupon to compromife the Matter, this Expedient was found 
 out, that the Pope fhould appear to perform the Ceremony 
 with his Hands out of Regard to the Bread only. Some Years 
 after the fame Pope made a Prefent of the Kingdom of Eiigland 
 to the King of France^ and caufed fo much Trouble to 'John 
 then King of England^ that this Prince was at this Time about 
 fubjeding his Kingdom to the See of Rofne^ fwearing Allegiance 
 to the Pope, and paying him yearly by Way of Tribute a large 
 Sum of Money, befides the Peters-peftce. Premijlaus made Ufe 
 of thefe two Inflances, to flrenghten the Arguments, he pro- 
 pofed to the Affembly. 
 
 Otho IV. returned from Italy ^ and made an Alliance with the i2»2- 
 Marggrave of Mifnia and the Duke of Bavaria, againfl the See 
 of Rome and its Adherents : The Popes Fadion was become con- 
 fiderable by the Interefl and Power of the Clergy. A Diet was 
 appointed at Nurenberg. Otho made a pathetick Speech to the 
 Diet, where he reprefented to them the Grounds of his Quarrel 
 with the Pope j the infufferable Avarice and Ufurpations of the See 
 of Rome upon the Empire j how mean it was for the German 
 
 O 2 Princes 
 
 4 
 
TOO 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 Princes to be led and diredled as Slaves to the Papacy, and what 
 Danger inufl enlue to their undoubted Right of Electing, if they 
 fuffered the Popes to nominate and dethrone the Emperors at 
 Pleafure j he added, that he would lay down that very Moment 
 the Imperial Dignity, in Cafe they thought it proper and ex- 
 pedient for the Welfare of the Empire. 
 
 This Speech had little Influence over the major Part of the 
 Princes. Otho was fenfible, that he muft lay down the Crown 
 or defend it Sword in Hand, and marched againfl; the Landgrave 
 of "Tburingeti^ who had given Refuge to the Archbiflaop of 
 Mayefice. He took Rotenburg^ Saltziingen, and burnt JVeiJfe7ifee . 
 In the Midfl of thefe warlike Atchievements, he celebrated at 
 Northaiifen his Nuptials with Beatrix^ but this Princefs died a 
 Fortnight after. As her Life was of the greatefl: Importance to 
 Ctho's Intereft, fo her Death was univerfally lamented by all, who 
 had at Heart the Good of the Empire. 
 
 In the meanwhile feveral Princes of the Empire aflembled at 
 Frankfort on the Mayn, elected Frederic II. Duke of Suabia 
 and King of the Two Sicilies^ Emperor and called him to tako 
 Pofleflion of the Imperial Dignity. Frederic came at the Head 
 of an Army, and Otho marched to the Rhine to meet him. His 
 Quarters were at Brifachy the Burghers treachoroufly made an 
 Infurreftion againfl: him, many of the Emperors People were 
 killed, and Otho was obliged to retreat to Saxony, 
 
 Frederic endeavoured to attach Pretfii/laus to his Interefl:, by 
 offering to enlarge the Kingdom of Bohemia by feveral Cities,^ 
 to exempt that Kingdom from all Contributions to the Empire, 
 and that its Kings for the future fhould not be obliged to ap- 
 pear at the Diets, unlefs they were held at Bambergy Nuren-- 
 bergy or Rafijhony with feveral other favourable Conditions. 
 Otho refufed to grant the fame to Fremiflaus and alledged his 
 Coronation Oath, which obliged him not to diminijh but to 
 augment the Rights of the Empire. Fremiflaus accepted the 
 
 Offers 
 
lOl 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 Offers of Frederic^ deferted Otbo^ and inftead of a zealous Friend 
 became a bitter Enemy. 
 
 Otho affembled his Forces again in Saxony y took feveral Cities^ 
 and made his Enemies fly before him. He put the Landgrave 
 of Thuringen to the Ban of the Empire, and deprived Fremijlaus 
 of the Kingdom of Bohemia, wherewith he inveffed his Son 
 Wencejlaus, Brother-in-Law to Otho, who complained to the 
 Diet that his Father had difowned him, in divorcing his Mother, 
 and marrying the King of Hungary^ Daughter. Yet Fremijlaus 
 reinftated himfelf in the Kingdom by the Affiftance of Frederic, 
 whofe Party by the Support of the Pope and the King of France, 
 grew daily more numerous, and Otho thus feeing himfelf forfaken, 
 and fhamefully deferted by the Empire, whofe Rights he was 
 fo ffrenuoufly maintaining, he thought it in vain to ffruggle 
 further at home, but joined his Troops with the EngliJlj againft 
 Philip II. King of France. 
 
 The Pope had made a Prefent to Philip of the Kingdom of 
 England, as has been faid above, and he perfecuted John fo long,, 
 that he confented, in 1213, to become his Vaffal. The Pontiff' 
 now changed Sides, and became his Friend, he threatened the 
 King of France with his Excommunication, if he molefted his 
 Vaffal. Philip, however, would not be at Peace, and knowing 
 the Count of Flanders to be in Alliance with John, fell upon 
 him with a View either of driving him from his Dominions, 
 and of incorporating Flanders with France, or of making him 
 drop the Alliance with the King of England. John leagued 
 himfelf with Henry, Duke of Brabant, whofe Daughter the 
 Emperor Otho had married after the Death of Beatrix. Otho 1214. 
 was invited to accede to this Alliance, he accepted of it, partly 
 to aflift his Relations, and partly to oblige Philip, to fulfil the 
 Engagement they had agreed upon at Poitiers. 
 
 The Allies brought an Army of above 1 50,000 Men into the 
 Field, and the Cafe of the King of France feemed defperate. 
 
 A Battle happened near Bovmes between Lijle and Fournay. 
 
 Both 
 
102 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 Both Parties fought with great Bravery. The French had ordered 
 fome of their choiceft Men to lingle out the Leaders. It hap- 
 pened, that the Count of Flanders was wounded, and falling 
 from his Horfe, was taken. Otho endeavoured to retake him, 
 pufhed with his Guards through the Ranks of the French^ but 
 milled his Aim. At laft he is furrounded, one of the French 
 Guards endeavours to flab him with a long Knife j his Armour 
 prevents it ; the Knife flips and pierces through the Eye of the 
 Emperor’s Horfe, which growing furious, throws the Emperor 
 on the Ground. He gets another Horfe, returns to his People, 
 but finds the Army in Confufion for Want of his Prefence. He 
 flrives to put them in Order again, but to no Purpofe, and is at 
 lafi; obliged to retreat. 
 
 Otho received Intelligence, that the Adherents of Frederic 
 had fallen upon his Dominions. He aflembles his Troops and 
 marches to Gennany. He fubdues the Archbifhop of Magde- 
 burg ^ takes Stasfurt^ Calbe^ and all the Country along the Elbe 
 to Hamburgh which lafl City he alfo brings under his Subjedion. 
 From thence he returns to Brunfwick^ his Refidence. 
 
 1215. About this Time Pope Innocent \\\. held the great Lateran 
 Council. Otho fent his Ambaffadors thither, who were admitted, 
 and treated in the fame Manner as thofe of Frederic. The Pope 
 infilled upon his renouncing the Empire, but Otho protefled 
 againft the Pope’s meddling in the Affairs of Germany^ and kept 
 the Infignia of the F?tperial Dignity. 
 
 He retired three Years before his Death to Hartzburg^ one of 
 his Callles in the Principality of Wolffenbuttel^ where he palled 
 the Time in Devotion and pious Adions. He made a Will, 
 whereby he enjoined his elder Brother, Henry the Long^ to de- 
 liver the Infignia of the Empire to Frederic^ or to him, that 
 fhould be lawfully appointed Emperor, without any other Con- 
 fideration, than that their paternal States fliould be rellored to 
 their Family. He died without Ilfue, in 1218. The Bifhop of 
 Ilildefoeim abfolved him from the Excommunication, and made 
 
 liiin 
 
 I2tS. 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 him fwear Obedience a-new to the See of Rome^ upon his Death- 
 bed, at a Time when the Pangs of Death had already bereaved 
 him of his Senfes. 
 
 The Emperors, by a Cuftom retained from Time immemo- 
 rial, claimed the perfonal Eftates of the German Bilhops after 
 their Death, to the Prejudice of their Heirs, and it is faid, that Otho 
 refufed to abolifli this Cuftom, which drew upon him the Re- 
 fentment of the Clergy. This Fa6t cannot be faid to be altogether 
 improbable, confidering Otho’s Tenacioufnefs in preferving the 
 Rights of the Empire, yet there is no Foundation in the Report, 
 that he engaged himfelf to repeal this Cufliom, as fome Monkifli 
 Hillorians pretend, whofe Report always ought to be takea with 
 great Caution, when it regards any Thing, in which the Court 
 of Rome^ or the Intereft of the Clergy, is concerned. Neither 
 the Refentment of the Bifhops, nor the Ambition of the Houfe 
 of Suabia, could have been prejudicial to Otho, had the See of 
 Rome not Rood up againft him. Innocent found himfelf difap- 
 pointed in his Hopes, that Otho would tamely fuffer his En- 
 croachments on the Rights of the Empire. He met with a 
 Prince, who was determined, religioufly to fulfil the Engage- 
 ments, his Coronation Oath obliged him to, and who had Re- 
 folution, to lay open and to oppofe the Frauds of the See of 
 Rome. Difpofitions, which Rruck the Pontiff with Terrour, 
 and made him ufe his utmoft Efforts to wreft from him that 
 Dignity, by Virtue whereof Otho endeavoured to fet Bounds to 
 his Ufurpations. It was eafy for him, to fucceed in his Attempts, 
 as the Ignorance and Superftition of thofe Days, prevented Peo- 
 ple, to look into the Merits of his Difpute with the Emperor, and 
 indeed nothing was wanting, to make thofe, that fided with Otho,, 
 quit his Party, than to charge them, as he actually did, with 
 hearkening more to the Voice of the Emperor, than to that of 
 God. Otho is highly commended for his Valour and virtuous 
 Life, but more particularly for his Fortitude in Adverfity, 
 which too often gets the better of the Brave, The Caufe of the 
 
 Troubles 
 
104 
 
 \^'i!liam the 
 youngeft Son 
 of Henry the 
 Lyon. 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 Troubles attending his unfortunate Reign, are concifely accounted 
 for, in the following Diftichs : 
 
 Expulit e Regno rabies Papalis Ottonem, 
 
 Qui Patrias nunquam noluit effe Pater ; 
 
 Imperioque datam temerare fidem generofus 
 Abnegat, hinc Itala fraude doloque perit. 
 
 William^ the youngeft Brother of Henry the Long, and of Otho, 
 was born at Winchejier, during the Time of He?iry the Lyon, 
 his Father’s Exile in Ejigland. The Surname of Long-Sword, 
 was given him for his wearing or having carried before him a 
 Sword of a great Size. He was one of the Hoftages for King 
 Richard of England, at the Court of Leopold, Duke of Aujiria, 
 who releafed him voluntarily as has been faid above. William 
 made a Campaign in Hungary, in the Year 1205, and was taken 
 Prifoner. He purchafed his Ranfom for a confiderable Sum of 
 Money, and affifted his Brother Otho againft Philip of Suabia, 
 He is the only one of the three Brothers that left Male Iftiie. 
 He died in the Year 1213, and his ^owOtho, furnamed the 
 Infant, whom he had by his Wife Helena, Daughter of Wolde- 
 tnar. King of Denmark, fucceeded him. 
 
 Henry the Lo?ig furvived his two Brothers, Otho and William. 
 Frederic II. put him to the Ban of the Empire, for affifting the 
 Emperor Otho, his Brother, and difpofed of the Palatinate in 
 Favour of Lewis, Duke of Bavaria j but he maintained himfelf 
 in the Pofieftion of it to his Death. After his Brother’s Demife, 
 he delivered the Infgnia of the Empire to Frederic II. and de- 
 iired the Reftitution of his paternal States. Frederic paid him 
 1 1,000 Marks of Silver, which he took, the|*e being no Likeli- 
 hood of fucceeding in the Claim of his Rights at that Time. 
 He left no Male Iflue, and difpofed of the County of Stade in 
 Favour of the Archbiftiop of Bremen', his other Dominions he 
 intended to leave to his two Daughters, Ir?nengardis and Agnes : 
 Agnes was married to Otho, Duke of Bavaria, who by this 
 
 Marriage 
 
'Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. ^05 
 
 Marriage inherited the Palatinate of the Rhine. Irmengardis was 
 become the Wife of Herma?i^ Marggrave of Baden. Henry\ 
 
 Saxon Dominions being at too great a Diftance from Bavaria^ 
 the Palatinate, and the Marggraviate of Baden^ the two Daugh- 
 ters fold Brunswick to the Emperor Frederic for a Trifle j but 
 the lawful Heir Otho, furnamed the Infant ^ Son of William^ and 
 Nephew to Henry the Long^ and to the Emperor Othoy found 
 Means to put himfelf in Pofleffion of the Country of Brunfwicky 
 in Spite of this Difpofltion. Henry the Long died in the Year 
 I 227. 
 
 OTHO, furnamed the Infant. 
 
 Otho was furnamed the Infant y either on account of his little Table II. 
 Stature, or to diilinguifli him from his Uncle, Otho the Emperor, 
 or for the fame Reafon, that Alexander is called a Child by 
 DemofheneSy viz. for entering upon military Exploits when very 
 young, for Authors do not agree upon this Poii:it. When Henry the 
 Longy his Uncle, at the repeated Intreatles of Gerhard ll. Arch- 
 bifhop of Bremeny difpofed of the County of Stade in Favour of 
 the faid Archbifhop, Otho was but 15 Years old, yet he dif- 
 puted this County with that Prelate, as a PolfelTion that belonged 
 to his Family States, to which none could have any Claim 
 but himfelf. 
 
 The Selfiflinefs which the Archbifliop fliewed on this Occa- 
 flon, was afterwards one of the Reafons, that engaged Otho to 
 enter Into an Alliance with JVoldemar II. King of Denmark, his 
 Uncle, againfl; the Count of Holfein and the Liibeckers, who had 
 withdrawn their Obedience from that King, and were aflifled by 
 Gerhard, and feveral others of their Neighbours. Otho and his 
 Uncle, at the Head of an Army, marched towards Liiheck, and 1227. 
 met their Enemies near a Village, called Bornhbvede. Both 
 Armies engaged, and it feemed doubtful, to which Side Fortune 
 would incline, till the Diethmarfes, a People that inhabited a 
 Part of Holfein, and ferved on TVoldemar'i Side, treachcroufly 
 
 P deferted 
 
io6 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 dcferted them. The King on a fudden, defpairing of Succefs, 
 retreated, whereby Otho the hifant was taken Prifoner with fe- 
 veral others. He was obliged to ranfoin himfelf at the Expence> 
 of a great Sum, and to yield the City of Hitzaker to Albert of 
 Saxoiiy, who was one of the Allies of the Liibeckers, and of the 
 Count oi Holjiein. 
 
 In the fame Year his Uncle He?try the Lo?ig died, and the 
 Succeffion of the States, his Father and his two Uncles had pof- 
 felTed, except the Palatinate of the Rhine^ pafTed in Right to him ; 
 but the Emperor Frederic II. who had purchafed the City of 
 Brunfivick^ and its Dependencies, from the Daughters of Henry the 
 Longy difpofed of it in Favour of his eldefl; Son, who put himfelf 
 in Poffeffion of it, during the Abfence of Otho the Infant, and 
 kept in it a ftrong Garrifon. 
 
 Otho affembled Troops and marched before Bnmfwick. He 
 offered favourable Conditions to the Burghers, in cafe they would 
 accept him for their lawful Sovereign, and having received Af- 
 furances of their Fidelity, he fcales the Walls, marches from 
 thence to the Caftle of Danewerderode, and takes it by Surprize. 
 He drives out the Imperialifs , and makes himfelf Mafter of all 
 the Country of Brunfwick. He grants its Inhabitants feveral 
 Privileges, which became the Occafion that Brunfwick after- 
 wards prefumed to lay Claim to be a free City. 
 
 Pope Gregory YK.. had the Year before excommunicated the 
 Emperor, for his refnfing to go to the Holy Land, and though 
 he went in 1228 upon this Expedition, which is the fourth of 
 the famous Crufades, and conquered the Kingdom of Jerufalem, 
 the Pope continued to be incenfed againft him, for going thither 
 without having firft obtained his Abfolution ; he followed him 
 with the Excommunication in the Holy Land, exchanged Letters . 
 with the Saracens, and could not be appeafed at his Return in 
 1230, but by large Sums of Money. Whilft the Emperor was 
 thus employed, Otho had the Opportunity, befides making the 
 Conqueft of Brunfwick, to reinftate himfelf in his Dominions. 
 
 The 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 
 
 The Emperor made fome Shew to be piqued at his Proceedings, 
 but being informed of the Attachment, this Prince had fliewn 
 to his Intereft during his Abfence from the Empire, and that 
 notwithftanding the Pope’s Endeavours, who fent the Cardinal , 
 Otho Candidus of Montferrat^ to offer him the Imperial Dignity, 
 he defifled from teftifying any Refentment. 
 
 Otho revived his Claim to the County of Stade^ which the 
 Archbifhop of Bremen refufed to reftore to him, whereupon he i 
 made Preparations to take it by Force. The Archbifhop had at 
 this Time a War to maintain againft a People called the Stedingi^ 
 or Stadingiy who inhabited a Country fituated between Oldenburg^ 
 Delmenhorji^ and Bremen^ and were defcended from the ancient 
 Friezlanders. 
 
 Thefe People had hitherto preferved their Liberty, with great 
 Succefs, againft the Attempts of the Archbifhops of Bremen^ as 
 well as thofe of the Counts of Oldenburg. Gerhard II. Arch- 
 bifhop of Bremen^ waited for a Pretext to extirpate this warlike 
 Nation, and the following Accident furnifhed him with one. 
 
 The Wife of one of the Chiefs of the Stadingiy went to Con- 
 feflion the Saturday before Eajiery and probably had made too 
 fmall a Prefent to the Prieft. When fhe came to the Altar the 
 next Day, the Prieft, inftead of the Hoft put the Piece of Money, 
 fhe had given him, in her Mouth, which the Woman, with great 
 Aftonifliment and Indignation, fpit out, and complained of this 
 Affront to her Hufband, who immediately after the Service killed 
 the Prieft. 
 
 The Archbifhop of Bremen demanded of the Stadingi to de- 
 liver up the Man, that had committed the Murder, and on their 
 Refufal, excommunicated them. Upon this, the Stadingi put 
 themfelves in a State of Defence, and when the Archbifhop 
 marched againft them, they routed his Troops fuccefsfully for 
 three Years together. 
 
 Gerhard moved Heaven and Earth againft thefe innocent Peo- 
 ple, they were reprefented worfe than Heathens, the Pope or- 
 
 P 2 dered 
 
 107 
 
 Z29. 
 
 233. 
 
I o8 Mefnoif’s of the Hoiife (?/'Bru nswic k. 
 
 dered a Crufade againft them, and the Emperor Frederic put 
 them to the Ban of the Empire. 
 
 Otho being convinced of the Archbidiop’s Animohty, and ot 
 this poor People’s Innocence, interpofed v^dth the Emperor in 
 their Favour, but the Archbilhop, without waiting for a Refo- 
 lution, allied himfelf with feveral Princes in the Neighbourhood, 
 and having affembled an Army of 40,000 Men, he marched 
 ’ againft the Stadingi, who only were 1 1000 ftrong. The 
 
 dtJigi fought as People brought to the utmoft Defpair, and 
 killed about 4000 of the Allies, but were at laft overpowerd 
 by the Number of their Enemies, 6000 remained upon the 
 Field of Battle, a great Part were drove into the JVefer, and 
 the Reft of this warlike People difperfed, as it were, in all the 
 four Parts of the World. 
 
 The Archbifliop apprehended, that Otho would purfue his 
 Right upon the County of Stade and in order to divert him 
 from it , charged him with having affifled underhand thefe 
 People with Arms and Money, which had like to have drawn 
 upon Otho the Excommunication of the Pope, but the Arch- 
 bifhop loft his Credit. Commiffaries arriving from Rome in 
 order to colledt Money in his Archbilhoprick, he, nothwith- 
 ftanding the Favour fo lately fhewn him by the Pope oppofed 
 their Errand and made ufe of them, in lieu of Affes, to carry 
 Sacks to and from a Mill. Moreover his Servants, the better to 
 make known their Contempt for the See of Rome, put the 
 Popes Bulls into the Hands of the Commiffaries, held them 
 over a Fire and thus forced them to throw their Commiffions 
 into it. 
 
 Otho having nothing to apprehend from the Pope, marched 
 againft Gerhard, fome Adions happened between them, in one 
 of which the Archbifhops Brother was killed. Yet, Otho though 
 Mafter of the Field, did not think proper at that Time to make 
 himfelf Mafter of the County of Stade, but delayed it to another 
 Opportunity. 
 
 Shortly 
 
Memoirs of the Motif e of B r u n s w i c k. 
 
 Shortly after the Emperor Frederic II. celebrated his Nup- 
 tials with his third Wife Ifabella Daughter of John King of 
 Engkjid at Mayence, ^^here a Diet at the fame Time was 
 appointed to be held. The Archbifhop of Bremen complained 
 there againfi: Ofho, for having given Alliftance to the Stadmgi j 
 but he cleared him.felf of this Charge, and Ifabella ^ who v/as 
 Otho's Relation, interceded with the Emperor, that Otho might 
 receive SatiTadlion on account of the Claims he fo juftly laid to 
 the States that had been taken from his Anceftors. The Em- 
 peror delayed to comply with this Requeft, yet been willing to 
 give Otho fome Token of his Gratitude for the Zeal he had 
 fhewn in baffling the Deligns of the See of Rome^ he embraced 
 him at the Diet, and created him Duke of Brunfjoick and 
 Luneburgy whereof the Diploma is flill extant. Thefe Countries 
 formerly were allodial 3 Otho offered to hold them of the 
 Empire, and the Emperor invefled him therewith, declaring 
 them inheritable by both Sexes, and at the fame Time, with 
 the Confent of the Empire, granted to him and his Defendants 
 the Tenths of the Mines of Gojlar^ Vv^hich then belonged to the 
 Empire. From this Time the Titles of Duke of a and 
 of Duke of Bar art a have no more been ufed in his Family. 
 Some pretend, that Otho at this Time in an authentick Manner 
 gave up Saxony, but the Feudal Letters, the Emperor granted to 
 him, make no mention of a Ceffion of this Kind 3 moreover had 
 fuch a Renunciation taken Place, it muH; have been in Favour of 
 Albert I. who was then in Poffeffion of Saxony, and it is very 
 well known, that this Family cannot produce any Thing, that 
 infers fuch a Renunciation. 
 
 Brvnfwick and Lunebnrg at that Time comprehended, i. The 
 Country of Lunebnrg itfelf, which contained the Principality of 
 Zelle and the Cities oi Lunebnrg, Hanover, Giffhoni. 2. The 
 Country of Brunfivick, which had the Principality of Wolffen- 
 buttel and the Cities and Caftles of Brunfwick, Brunrode, Af~ 
 Jeburg, SchoningeUy Jerxen, Lichtenberg, Geberjl.ageny Stauffen^ 
 
 burg^ 
 
 109 
 
 123;- 
 
I 10 
 
 Memoirs of the H.oufe <^Brunswick. 
 
 hurg. 3. The Country between the Mountain called Diefler 
 and the River of Leine. 4. The Country of Gottingen with the 
 County of Northeim and the Lordlhip of Plejfe. 5. The 
 Country on the Werra and Wefer, with the Cities and Caftles 
 of Efchwege, Oldendorf^ Witzenhaufen, Miinden, Giefelwerder^ 
 and Bodenfelde. 
 
 Otho now refumed the War againft the Archbilhop of 
 Bremen. Befides the Pretenfions he had to the County of 
 Stade, he alfo claimed the City of Bremen^ which formerly 
 belonged to his Grandfather Henry the Lyon. After having 
 defeated the Archbilliops Troops, he made himfelf Mafter of 
 the Caftle of Otterjberg., and laid a formal Siege to the City of 
 Bremen. Its Inhabitants and the Archbifhop being not in a Condi- 
 tion to refift his Forces, prevailed upon him by Means of a 
 large Sum of Money to raife the Siege, and the Difputes, that 
 *236. fubfifted between both Parties, were adjufted the Year following. 
 The See of Bremen yielded up fome Lordfhips to the Duke, 
 which he incorporated with his Dominions, and by their mu- 
 tual Confent, the Caftles of Otterjberg and of Haarburg where- 
 of the firft belonged to the Archbifhop and the other to Otho^ 
 were demolifhed, being looked upon by both Parties as detri- 
 mental to each others Dominions. 
 
 When Otho had eflablifhed Peace in his Neighbourhood, he 
 refolved to make a Campain againft the BruJJians. Thefe 
 People who were Heathens^ had been accuftomad to pillage 
 and ravage the neighbouring Countries ; they had burnt about 
 250 Churches in the Province oiMafovia in Poland^ andfeemed 
 to take a Delight in dafhing the Brains of the Chriftian Children 
 againft the Walls, and driving their Parents in Herds like Beafts 
 into Slavery. The Bifhop of Culm prevailed upon Conrad Duke 
 of Mafovia to ereft an Order of Knights in Oppofition to the 
 PrtiJJians j and that in Imitation of the Enjijeri^ another Order 
 known at that Time in the Empire for its brave Atchievments 
 againft the Infidels in Livonia. But the Order eredled by Conrad 
 
 proving 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick, 
 
 proving too weak, he was obliged to call to his Affiftance the 
 KPxights of the T mtonick Order, who then were famous through- 
 out all the World for their Bravery. Herman de Saltza, Grand- 
 mafter of this Order, redded at this Time at Venice^ and in his 
 Journey to PruJJia invited Otho tlie Infant, to affift at this me- 
 ritorious Undertaking. Otho went thither with a feled: Number 
 of Troops in the Year 1237. 
 
 The Prujjians were then taken up in invefting the Caftle of 
 Balgay which the 'Teutontck Order had taken from them not long 
 before. Their Intention was to famifh the Befieged, and in this 
 View they had erefted another Caftle, called Partagal^ oppofite 
 to Balga^ whereby they could eaftly intercept all Provifions that 
 were brought by Sea, and from one Side of the Country. On 
 the other Side there was a deep Morafs, over which they had 
 laid a Bridge, and a Baftion at the Foot of it. Thus the Befieged 
 were likely either to dwindle away by Sallies, or to furrender for 
 want of Provifions. 
 
 Otho arrived at a Time when the Befieged were in the greateft 
 Defpair. He formed a Camp at a Diftance from the Fortrefs of 
 Balga^ and commanded his People to make no Noife, and not to 
 ftir jfrom the Camp ; after which, he difpatched a Mefienger to 
 the Grand-Mafter, who was in the befieged Caftle j the Mefien- 
 ger had the good Fortune to get into the Caftle by Night, with- 
 out being perceived by the Enemy. By him the Grand-Mafter 
 was acquainted with Otho\ Arrival, and that this Prince had 
 fixed a certain Time when the Befieged fhould fally out of the 
 Caftle. The Befiegers took this Sally for an Efifedt of Defpair, 
 and concluding that Want of Provifions was the chief Caufe of 
 it, they drew back a little, and put themfelves in Order of Battle 
 to receive the Befieged. About this Time Otho, with his People, 
 who had lain in Ambufh, attacked them in the Rear ; they turned 
 and fronted him. An obftinate Battle enfued, which lafted an 
 Hour ; at length the Befieged advanced, the Prujjians were thus 
 in the Middle j they were thrice as ftrong as the Chriftians, but 
 
 imagining 
 
112 
 
 1 238. 
 12 39 - 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 imagining the Succour, Otho had brought, to be greater than it 
 really was, a panick Fear feized them, and they took to Flight. 
 Hereupon Otho joined his Troops with thofe of the Grand- 
 Mafter, marched before Partagal, took it, and razed the Fortrefs. 
 Otho had defervedly the chief Merit of this vi< 5 torious Expedition ; 
 as it was concerted with fo much Prudence, carried on with fo 
 much Secrefy, and executed with fo remarkable a Valour, fo was 
 it attended with fuitable Eifeds. The Provinces of Ermeland, 
 Natangen, and Barthai, were thereby brought in Subjedlion to 
 the T'eutonick Order, and Otho returned triumphant to Bruiifwick 
 the Year following. 
 
 The Emperor was again excommunicated by the Pope, 
 
 which was the third Time of his falling under his Cenfure. He 
 drove the Saracens out of Sardinia^ and kept the Kingdom for 
 himfelf. Had the Pope excommunicated Predericy for not re- 
 ftoring Sardinia to Otho the Infant, the lawful Heir of GuelphVll. 
 to whom it belonged, this Excommunication would have had 
 the Appearance of Judice. But the Pope himfelf claimed Sar- 
 dinia, and excommunicated Frederic for not delivering it up to 
 him. In order to give more Weight to his fpiritual Arms, which 
 might be thought infufficient, he made Ufe at the fame Time of 
 the Sword. He granted a general Abfolution from their Sins to 
 all thofe that would fight againfi; Frederic, and hereby raifed a 
 confiderable Army. But feveral Princes of the Empire, whereof 
 Otho the Infant was one, coming to the Afiifiance of the Em- 
 peror at his Requed, this holy Militia was roughly handled, and 
 the Pope to his great Mortification mided his Aim. It is reported, 
 that the Emperor’s Forces at that Time were fo numerous, that 
 he had feven different Armies, befides a drong Fleet at Sea. 
 
 In the Year 1242 the Tartars made an Irruption into Silcfia. 
 Otho fent Auxiliaries to Henry, Duke of Brefau, who adembled 
 an Army of 30,000 Men, and marched againd the Barbarians 
 to give them Battle. The Chridians had in the Beginning fome 
 Advantage, but at lad lod a Battle, wherein fo many of them 
 
 were 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 were flain, that the Tartars filled nine Sacks with Chrifiian 
 Ears, not being able to carry all the Heads of the Slain along 
 with them, as was their Cuftom. 
 
 He affifted the Year after Jobt and Otho^ Marggraves of 
 Brandenburgs his Brothers-in-Law, againfl: the Archbifliop of 
 Magdeburgs and the Bifhop of Halberjiadt. They fought near 
 OJierburgs the Archbifliop was wounded, and the Bifliop taken. 
 Prifoner. The Archbifhop alTembled more Troops, and marched 
 againfi: the Allies, with a View of furprifing them ; but they 
 were upon their Guard, routed his Troops, and the Archbifhop 
 efcaped narrowly being taken Prifoner. 
 
 Othos who was a Prince of mofi; excellent Endowments, and 
 the Ornament of his Race, had eflablifhed himfelf fb well in the 
 Opinion of the Princes of the Empire, that nothing paffed with- 
 out his Concurrence or Approbation. Pope Innocent IV. excom- 
 municated, in 1245, the Emperor Fredericll. a fourth Time, on 
 Pretence of his being an Atheift, and having publickly faid, that 
 Mofes, Chrijls and Mahomet , were the three greateft Impoftors 
 that had ever appeared in the World. This lafl; Excommuni- 
 cation ruined at length the Emperor’s Affairs. The Pope defired 
 of the Princes of the Empire to make a new Election, which 
 Frederic was not able to prevent. Otho being of Opinion, that 
 the Empire would never be at Reft, as long as there were Princes 
 of the Houfe of Suabia upon the Imperial Throne, recommended 
 to this Dignity, Henryk furnamed RafpOy Landgrave of Thurm- 
 geny who accordingly was eledled at Wurtzburg in 1246. Fre- 
 deric fent his Son Conrad with an Army againft him, but Hejiry 
 defeated him. However, he enjoyed this new Dignity but two 
 Years, and died in 1248. After his Death the Princes of the 
 Empire eledted William, Count of Holland and Zealand, Emperor 
 againft Frederic. Otho the Infant, who recommended him to 
 the Throne, gave him his Daughter Elizabeth in Marriage, and 
 vigoroufly maintained his Eledtion againft Frederic, and againft his 
 Son Conrad, who after his Father’s Death fet up for that Dignity. 
 
 During 
 
 M3 
 
 1243. 
 
1 1 4 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 During thefe Tranfadions in the Empire, Lewis IX. King of 
 France^ marched a powerful Army to the Holy Land, againfl: 
 the Saracens, which is the fifth and laft of the famous Crufades, or 
 Expeditions, made by the Chriftian Princes to that Country. Otho 
 had a mind to be a Party in this War, but the prefent Jundures 
 required his Stay in Germany. The Emperor William, having 
 appointed a Diet at FraJickfort, on the Mayn, in 1252, he af- 
 fifted at it in Perfon, with feveral Princes of the Empire, but 
 was taken ill on his Return home, and died in the fame Year. 
 
 Of his four Sons, Albert, 'John, Otho, and Conrad, the two 
 youngeft became Bifhops of Hildejheim, and Verden. Albert 
 and John, divided the Countries of Brunfwick and Limeburg be- 
 twixt them, and their Succeflbrs made Subdivifions in each Houfe. 
 This Cuftom of dividing States, prevailed much amongfi: Princes 
 in ancient Times, and Germany is not the only Country that has 
 laboured under this Difadvantage. The Infants of France had 
 formerly their Portions in Sovereignties. The Sons of Clodovezusl. 
 fliared the States of that Crown betwixt them, and ereded King- 
 doms at Paris, Orleans, Soijjons, and Metz. The four Sons of 
 SanBius III. eftablifhed as many Kingdoms in Spain, which 
 received the Names of Navarre, Cajiilia, Suprarbia, and Arragon-, 
 the States of the Houfe of Aujlria underwent various Divifions, 
 and there is fcarce a Realm to be met with, where fuch Divifions 
 have not- prevailed at one Time or other in former Ages. In 
 Germany this Cuftom came much in Vogue in the thirteenth 
 Century, and we muft own, that it was carried there to a far 
 greater Length, than in any other Country. Doubtlefs the Roman 
 Law, which the Emperor Lotharius II. had introduced in the 
 Empire, contributed much to countenance this pernicious Cuftom. 
 Succeftions were often reunited, and as often divided again, and 
 the bad Politicks of thofe Times rendered the Pains, Fortune 
 took to encreafe the States of Families, unprofitable and ufdefs. 
 It was afterwards found, that what made the Fortune of younger 
 Children, became the Source of the Decline of Floufes, yet it 
 
 was 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe of Bruns wick. 
 
 was not always pradticable, to repeal a Cuftom confirmed by many 
 Ages. We fhall find Inftances in this Hiftory of feveral At- 
 tempts, that were made by the Princes of the Houfe of Brunf- 
 wick^ to introduce the Right of Primogeniture^ but it never was 
 long obferved. The Houfe of Brimfwick-Luneburg, at length 
 towards the Clofe of the laft Century, viz. in 1680, reunited the 
 greatefl: Part of the States, that had been for a long Time divided 
 between different Branches of this illuflrious Houfe, and put a 
 Stop to thefe impolitick Divifions, from which Time the Right 
 of Premogeniture has been firmly eftabliflied in that Houfe. 
 
 Of the Divifions that happened in the Houfe of Brunfwick^ 
 the three principal ones are particularly to be taken Notice of, 
 by thofe who are defirous of underftanding thoroughly the Ge- 
 nealogy of its Princes. The Author of the firfi; was Otho the 
 Infant^ whofe eldefi: Son, Albert the Greats founded the Houfe 
 of Brunfwick, and yohn, the youngeft Son, that of Luneburg. 
 This firfi; Divifion lafled to the Year 1400. The Houfe of 
 Luneburg being then become extin£t, a feeond Divifion took place. 
 The Author of it was Magnus^ furnamed Porquatus, whofe eldeft 
 Son Bernhard^ founded the Houfe of Luneburg^ and the youngefi; 
 Son Henry t that of Brunfwick. This feeond Divifion lafled to 
 the Year 1634, when this feeond Houfe of Brunfwick became 
 extindl. A new Divifion was made betwixt the Sons of 
 Prnef^ furnamed the Confejfor. Henry, the eldefi, founded 
 the Houfe of Brunfwick, and the youngefi Son William, that of 
 Luneburg, which Houfes fubfifl to this Day. We fhall through- 
 out the greatefl Part of thefe Divifions, relate the mofl memo- 
 rable Adlions of the Princes, that reigned about or near the fame 
 Time, without treating of each Line or Divifion by itfelf. How- 
 ever, Care will be taken to mention the Houfe and the Line, from 
 which each Prince, we are fpeaking of, is defeended, and 
 we fhall continue to do the fame, till we come to thofe Times 
 wherein the Right of Primogeniture is more obvious. For with- 
 out this Method, we fhould be obliged to make feparate Hifiories 
 
 0^2 of 
 
1 1 6 Memoirs of the Houfe ^^Brunswick. 
 
 of each Line, and continually return to thofe Periods of Time 
 already treated of, which would not only be tedious to the Reader, 
 but perhaps give him confufed Ideas. We have added diftind: 
 Genealogical Tables of each Houfe, and of each Divifion, for 
 fuch, as want to fee feparately the Defcendants of each Line, and 
 for the Convenience of the Reader, as often as a new Name oc- 
 curs in this Hiftory, the Genealogical Table, where it is to be 
 found, is referred to in the Margent. 
 
 ALBERT, furnamed the Greats of the Houfe of Brunfwick. 
 
 JOHN, of the Houfe of huneburg. 
 
 Albert the The Surname of Great was given to Albert, on account of his 
 Hmife of Courage. He reigned over Brunfwick and Limeburg feventeen 
 Brunfwick. Years, Vr^ithout making a Divifion of the States. In the Year 
 ^ ^ ‘ 1269 a Partition was made, John had Luneburg, and Albert kept 
 
 Brunfwick for his Share. 
 
 He began his Reign in the great Interregnum of the Empire. 
 There were indeed Emperors eleded, for the moft Part two at a 
 Time, but the Popes caufed fo many Troubles in the Empire, 
 that it was not in the Power of any one of them to fettle himfelf 
 thoroughly in this Dignity. The Emperor William, Brother- 
 in-Law to Albert, was, after the Death of Conrad of Suabia, in a 
 fair Way of maintaining himfelf upon the Imperial Throne, had 
 not his untimely End prevented it. This Prince efcaped Death 
 twice very narrowly. The very Night he confumated his Mar- 
 riage, with Albert'^ Sifter, in the City of Brunfwick, a Fire broke 
 out in the Caftle, which was extinguiftied with great Difficulty. 
 The new married Couple faved themfelves almoft naked, with fo 
 much Precipitation, that they left their Jewels, Cloaths, and alb 
 their Furniture to the Mercy of that Element. Soon after, as 
 he was at Utrecht, deliberating upon a Journey to Rome, whither 
 the Pope invited him to be crowned, he was wounded with a 
 Stone, thrown at him by an unknown Hand, whereby his Life 
 was much indangered. After this he undertook an Expedition- 
 
 againft 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswic'K. ' 117 
 
 againft the Friexlanders, who had revolted, where he met with 
 the third and lall; of his Misfortunes, For venturing to pafs on 
 Horfeback, over a frozen Morafs, by Houtwood, near Medenblick^ 
 in order to reconnoitre the Enemy, the Ice broke under him, 
 whereupon the Friezlanders^ fallied out of Houtwood and killed 
 him, not knowing him to be the Emperor. They carried his 
 Corpfe along with them into the City, where fome of the Inha- 
 bitants finding whofe it was, were infinitely alarmed, and interred 
 it fecretly in one of the Citizen’s Houfes, apprehending the Re- 
 fentment of the Princes of the Empire, for having lifted up their 
 Hands againft the Emperor. After his Death Albert and his 
 Friends fet up Richard^ Earl of Cornwall^ Son oi yoh?ty King of 
 England j for Emperor. Richard kept his Ground for two Years, 
 but feeing the confufed State, the Empire then was in, went 
 home again. Alphofifiis, King of Caftilia^ was alfo one of thofe, 
 that came in Confideration for this Dignity, but his War with 
 the Moors detained him from coming to Germany^ and when the 
 Princes had waited many Years for his Arrival, they grew weary 
 of his Delays, and eledled Prebijlaus III. furnamed Ottocar^ King 
 of Bohemia^ Emperor, and on his declining that Dignity, con- 
 ferred it on Rudolphy Count of Habfpurgy who maintained him- 
 felf upon the Throne, whereby an End was put to the Inter - 
 regnumy which had lafted 23 Years. 
 
 During this Time the greateft Part of Germany was involved 
 in Troubles, the Strong oppreffed the Weak, and little Regard 
 was paid to the Conftitutions of the Empire. Thefe Diforders 
 were not confined to Germany alone, they fpread themfelves be- 
 yond the AlpSy moft Part of the Cities and States in Italyy that 
 were Fiefs of the Empire, either fetting up for Rcpublicks, or 
 acknowledging others for their Sovereigns. All was in Confu- 
 fion, and we have even but a very imperfe<ft Account of thofe 
 Times, moft Writers contenting themfelves with deploring the 
 unhappy State of Germany y without informing us of the Par- 
 ticulars. We ftiall therefore, avoid a Recital of thefe Troubles, 
 
 and 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 nnd thus pafs over an infinite Number ofunjufl Claims and Ufur- 
 pations, which diihonoured the German Name during tliis Inter- 
 regnum^ the Detail whereof would befides, , in fome meafure be 
 foreign to our Purpofe, as the Dominions of the Houfe of Brunf- 
 'wick and Luneburg were free from thefe Diforders, through the 
 Vigilance of its Princes, who did not contribute a little to keep 
 them at a Diftance from their States. 
 
 As a Proof of this, we find, that Albert was at Leifure, to 
 aflift the King of Bohemia againft Bela IV. King of Hungary^ 
 who difputed with him the Succefiion of the Dutchy of Aujlria. 
 Bela marched an Army of 200,000 Men. at the Head 
 
 of the Bohemians and his own Troops, met him in Moravia. 
 He had not much above half that Number ; they engaged and 
 fought for nine Days without much Intermifiion. Bela was at 
 laft taken Prifoner, and the HungariaJis were routed. Had their 
 Number been greater, it would have only ferved to increafe that 
 of the Dead or Prifoners. The Bohemians purfued the Fugitives, 
 drove about 13,000 into the River Moraw or Morava^ and it is 
 faid, that not the tenth Part of this great Body returned again to 
 their Country. Albert was then but fixteen Years old. 
 
 This early Proof of his Valour feemed to be a Prefage of 
 great Happinefs under his Government, which made his Sub- 
 jedls receive him upon his Return with great DemonRrations of 
 Joy. Neverthelefs it was not long before Albert found himfelf 
 obliged to turn his Arms againft fome of his own Subjects. Tiie 
 Family of AJfeburg^ which then enjoyed confiderable Poffeflions 
 in his Dominions, unmindful that all Things, belonging to 
 Princes are facred, and may not be touched without Refpedt, 
 had his Coat of Arms reprefented in a Manner, which fhewed 
 in them a great Inclination, to revolt againft him, whenever 
 an Opportunity fhould offer. Albert had a Lyon in his Coat of 
 Arms, and this Family a Wolf. They caufed a Lyon to be 
 painted, with a Wolf fitting upon his Neck, and pulling his 
 Ears, adding many other indifcreet Reprefentations, Albert^ 
 
 piqued 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 piqued at this refolved to punifli their Prefumption ; he befieged 
 the Fortrefs of yljfeburg, which belonged to that Family, and 
 made himfelf Mafter of it, after a Siege of three Years. The 
 Family of Wolffenbuttel^ which then poffefled a Caftle of the 
 fame Name in Albert's Dominions, was alfo of thofe that 
 flighted his Authority, and actually confpired againfl: him at 
 the Jnfligation of the Bifliop of Hildejheim. Albert went be- 
 fore the Caftle, took it, and after having ordered it to be razed, 
 marched to meet the Bifliop, who was coming to the Relief of 
 Wolffenbiiftel. The Bilhops Troops were routed and difperfed, 
 and Albert on this Occafion made himfelf Mailer of the Caftle of 
 Herlingjburg, then a very important Fortrefs, and according 
 to fome, the ancient Refidence of the Germa?i King ArminiuSy 
 which however feems to be a Miflake, this Caftle being taken 
 by them for another of the fame Name, fituated in the County 
 of F'jrmont in JVeJlphalia. 
 
 Alberty who was more inclined to prevent his Subjects from 
 falling, then to punifh their Faults with Severity, had by this 
 laft Example given Proofs of his Mildnefs in punifhing Crimes, 
 which deferved a more rigourous Treatment. Yet Conrad^ 
 Count of Eberjieiny another of his Vaflals, of a bold and reftlefs 
 Spirit, and who had before this Time given him Caufe to be 
 difeontented with his Condiid:, inflead of fuffering himfelf to 
 be called back to his Duty by Albert'^ generous Forbearance, 
 entered into an Alliance with Gerhard Archbifhop of Mayence^ 
 againfl him, and in order to divert Albert from the Siege of 
 AJfeburgy invaded the Country of Gottingen, where he and the 
 Archbifliop deflroyed all before them with Fire and Sword. The 
 Duke being abfent, his Governor narrowly obferved the Enemy’s 
 Pofition, and finding, that the Archbifhop had his Q^rters in 
 an adjacent Convent, after having befet all its Avenues, rufhed 
 on the Enemies in the Dead of the Night, and took both the 
 Archbifliop and the Count Prifoners. Albert with a Defign to 
 terrify others from the like Attempt, ordered the latter to be 
 
 II9 
 
 1256. 
 
120 
 
 I26o. 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 hanged by the Feet, for having contrary to his Oath of Fidelity 
 traiteroufly taken Arms againft his Lord. The Archbifhop was 
 kept in Cuflody a Twelvemonth, and obliged to yield Giefel- 
 werder to the Dutchy of Brunfwick^ whereunto it belonged, and 
 to pay 8000 Marks of Silver for his Ranfom. 
 
 In the Year 1259. Albert acquired the City of Hameln on the 
 Wefer^ which voluntarily fubmitted to his Protedtion. This City 
 belonged to the Abbot of Fulde^ who fold it to Wittekind Bifhop 
 of Mtnden^ which being refented by the Inhabitants, they gave 
 themfelves up to Albert^ not fo much on Account of the Ab- 
 bot’s Attempt to fubjedl them to another Mailer, as becaufe he 
 had done it without their Privity, which they took for a 
 downright Contempt Some Years after the City of Eimbeck^ 
 which fulfered much from the Exadlions of the Count of Dajfeh 
 followed their Example, and fubjedled itfelf to Albert. 
 
 About the fame Time feveral neighbouring Cities like wife 
 requefted his Afliftance againft Guncelinus the laft Count of 
 Peine, on Account of his conniving at the Depredations, which 
 were made upon their high Roads. Albert, who had the Re- 
 verlion of the County of Peine, which his Uncle the Emperor 
 William in 1253, befieged the Caftle oi P eine \n Con- 
 
 jundlion with John Bifhop of Hildejheim, and reduced it to 
 the laft Extremity. The Count pretended, that a hidden Fit 
 of Religion had feized him, and fent for the Bifhop, who was 
 with Albert, and acquainted him, that he had devoted the 
 whole County to the Church of Hildejheim. Upon this the 
 Bifhop, on his Return, on fome Pretence or other perfuaded 
 Albert, who knew nothing of their fecret Dealings, to break up 
 the Siege : but as foon as he came to underftand how he had 
 been circumvented by the crafty Prelate, he made War againft 
 him. The Bifliop died the Year after, and the Chapter, to pa- 
 cify Albert, chofe his Brother Otho for their Bifhop, to whom 
 Albert promifed, that the Church fhould enjoy the County 
 during his Life. Albert furvived his Brother Otho a few Weeks -, 
 
 the 
 
I 2 I 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 the Houfe of Brunfwick claimed the County, but the Chapter 
 remained in PolTeffion of it, and reaped another Advantage, 
 equal to this, 'from Otho's being at their Head, which was the 
 County of Woldenberg acquired by him to that Bifhoprick. 
 
 Erich Duke of Slefwick had been difpoffefled of his Dominions 
 by Chrijiopher King of Denmark^ for refufing to be his Vaflal. 
 
 After the Kings Death Erich raifed Troops during the Minority of 
 his Son Erich VII. furnamed Glipphig, and marched againft 
 him and his Mother Margaret. He gave them Battle in the 
 Fields of Lohede by Slefwick, took both of them Prifoners and 
 fent them in Cuftody to Hamburg. Margaret called Albert the 1261. 
 Great to her Adiftance, who entered the Dutchy of Holjiein, 
 took Ploen, which he fortified, and flormed the City of Kiel. 
 Hereupon Negotiations were fet on Foot for a Peace ; Erich re- 
 leafed the Q^en and the young King, whom Albert conduded 
 to Denmark. At his Arrival he found that Kingdom involved in 
 Broils and Confufion ; the whole Nation, being under the In- 
 fluence of fome Heads of Fadions, was divided during the 
 Troubles abroad, all the chief Families were at open Variance, 
 and the Cities engaged in civil Wars. Albert immediately feized 
 on the Fomenters of thefe Divifions, and by his unwearied Ap- 
 plication reftored Tranquillity to the Kingdom in a very fhort 
 Time, all Parties fubmitting their Differences to his Deter- 
 mination. 
 
 At the Defire of Margaret, he charged himfelf with the 
 Guardianfhip of the young King, and with the Government of 
 the Provinces of Laland, Langeland, Schonen, Fiihnen, Faljler, 
 Moena, and Femern. The Q^en alfo committed to him the chief 
 Trufls of the Kingdom, and his Influence upon all her Counfels 
 was fuch, that nothing but the Aflurance of his Integrity could 
 have juftified her Prudence, in invefting him with fb great an 
 Authority. It is faid, that Ihe had a Mind to marry him, he 
 being then a Widower, but that he declined it. 
 
 R During 
 
122 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe <?/'Brunswick. 
 
 During his Stay in Denmark, yohn Duke of LimeLurg, his 
 Brother, "who paid him a Vifit there, was knighted by him, 
 in the Prefence of all the Nobility, and the Queen was at the 
 Charge of a magnificent Banquet for this Solemnity. It was 
 a Cuftom in thofe Days, after any fignal military Performance, 
 folemnly to be Knighted by fome reputed Captain, and this 
 Sort of Knighthood was judged fo honourable, that the greateft 
 Princes received it fometimes even from the Hands of their 
 own Subjedls. An Inftance whereof we meet with even in later 
 Times, when Francis the Firji, King of France, fent for the 
 compleat Chevalier Bayard or Peter du Terrail, one of his Ge- 
 nerals, to be knighted by him. 
 
 It appears by this, that the Knighthood conferred by Albert 
 on his Brother John,v^SL^ not only very honourable in itfelf, but at 
 the fame Time a publick Teffimony, that Albert was reputed one 
 of the greateft Captains of his Age. Hiftory makes no Mention, 
 when he and his Brother returned from Denmark, but informs 
 us, that Albert fhortly after met with a great Misfortune. The 
 Line of the ancient Landgraves of Fhuringen became extindl 
 with Henry Rafpo abovementioned, and great Difputes arofe 
 about the Succeffion to this Country. Henry Rafpo had a Bro- 
 ther and Sifter, Lewis the Brother died before him, and left a 
 Daughter named Sophia, Mother to Henry furnamed the Infant of 
 Brabant or the Infajit of Hejfe. The Sifter yutta had been married 
 to the Marggrave of Mifnia, and her Son Henry furnamed the //- 
 lujirious, was then Marggrave of Mifnia. The Queftion was, whe- 
 ther the Brothers Daughter or the Sifters Son had the beft Right to 
 the Succeffion ? The Difpute had lain dormant for a Time ; the 
 Claimants divided Fhuringen and Hejfe betwixt them, till Mat- 
 ters could be decided. At this Time thefe Claims were re- 
 vived. Albert declared hinifelf for Henry of Brabant and marched 
 againft the Marggrave of Mifnia. The Beginning of his Expe- 
 dition was fiiccefsful, Albert penetrated as far as Naumburg 
 and Merfeburg j but a Gentleman of Mifnia, named Rudolph 
 
 Schenke 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 123 
 
 Schenke de Vargel^ whofe Eflate the Brunfivickcrs had ruined, 
 alTembled Forces and fought Troops by Befenji ddt ntOiV 
 
 the River Eljler^ with fo much Succefs, that Albert himfelf 
 was wounded, and taken Prifoner. He remainded in Captivity ,263. 
 for eighteen Months, and was at laft obliged to pay 8000 Marks 1264. 
 of Silver for his Ranfom, and to deliver up the following eight 
 confiderable Caftles on the JVerra, Efchwege^ Witzenhaufen^ 
 
 Furjienjiein, Arnjlein, Bifchofjiein^ JVanfried, Allendorff^ Zie- 
 genberg^ with the City of Sontra^ which Places by fubfequent 
 Treaties paffed to the Houfe of Hejfe. 
 
 About this Time a Sort of People appeared in Bohemia y that 
 went naked to the Navel, had Malks before their Faces, whip- 
 ped themfelves till the Blood came, and pretended, tliat this 
 was the beft Penance for Sins. In a fhort Time this Cuftom pre- 
 vailed fo much, that no Body thought it necelfary to frequent 
 divine Service, the Women principally appeared very penitent, 
 and fuch as were too tender to undergo the Rigour of the 
 Penance, had for the fake of Appearance, their Backs annointed 
 with Doves Blood. Some of thefe Sedfaries fettled in the 
 Country of Brunfwicky and made Profelytes with great Rapi- 
 dity. At length it was difcovered, that fome of thefe Mafks of 
 each Sex met at Night in Inns, and comforted themfelves in 
 another Manner for the Pains, their Backs had fuffered. The 
 Hufbands could not be pleafed with fuch penitent Wives, and 
 it was apprehended, that this new Sedt might at laft overturn 
 the Conftitution of the Country. Albert at his Return was at 
 great Pains to hop their Progrefs, but it required Time j he 
 found himfelf obliged, to bannifh a great many of his Subjedts, 
 before this new Manner of doing Penance could be put out of 
 Countenance. 
 
 Albert was a Widower for a confiderable Time, and having 
 no Ifihe left by his Wife Elizabethy Daughter of Henry V. 
 
 Duke of Brabant y went in the Year 1265 to England y where izb-y. 
 he married Adelheidy Sifler of Otho Marggrave of Montferraty 
 
 R 2 a Re- 
 
I 24 
 
 I j69. 
 1 270. 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 a Relation of Qi^en E/iWzor, Wife of Henry \\\. He obtained 
 at the fame Time, of the King, a Grant for the City oi Hamburg 
 to trade with that Kingdom, and to eredl there a Staple, which 
 probably gave Rife to the Trade of the Hans ’To^anSy and to the 
 AlTociation thefe Cities entered into afterwards. 
 
 Guncelin, Count of Schwerin^ committed great Depredations 
 in the marfliy Woods between Lubeck and Hamburg j Albert 
 was defired to chaftife him. He dirpofTefTed him of the Terri- 
 tories, he had on that Side of the Elbe, and incorporated them 
 with his Dominions. The following Year he acquired die City 
 and Territory of Griibenhagen, which formerly belonged to the 
 Family of Gruben. This lafl: Territory, with the Acquifitions 
 made to it afterwards, came to be called the Principality of 
 Grubetihagen, and as fuch in later Times obtained a Vote at the 
 Diets of the Empire. 
 
 Towards the latter Part of his Life, he took much Pains to 
 difpofe Prcmijlaus Ottocarus, King of Bohejnia, whom he formerly 
 had affifled againfl the Hungarians, to an Agreement with the 
 Emperor Rudolph, but his Endeavours were unfuccefsful. At 
 the Diet which this Emperor held at Augsburg, Ottocar, by his 
 AmbalTadors, difowned the Emperor’s Election, and when the 
 whole Affembly declared itfelf againfl him, and defired of the 
 Emperor, to difpoffefs him of Aujlria, Stiria, Carniola, and 
 Carinthia, of which Countries he had taken Polfeffion after the 
 tragical Death of Frederic, lafl Duke of Aujlria, of the Houfe 
 of Babenberg, he refledled in a contemptuous Manner on the 
 Emperor, who had formerly ferved him as a General, faying, 
 that he owed him no Wages. Rudolph, by marrying four of 
 his Daughters to four of the chief Princes in Ger?na?iy, the Count 
 Palatine of the Rhine, the Duke of Saxony, the Marggrave of 
 Brandenburg, and the Duke of Bavaria, was foon in a Condition 
 to fupport himfelf in the Imperial Dignity, and againfl Ottocar, 
 who, on this Confideration, and by the Advice of Albert, 
 fubmitted, and took the Invefliture of Bohemia and Moravia of 
 
 ' the 
 
125 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 the Emperor, who kept Aujlria and the other Provinces above- 
 mentioned for himfelf. Shortly after he repented of what he had 
 done, through his Wife’s Perfuafion, who could ndt brook, that 
 her Hulband fhould humble himfelf before Rudolph ^ and protefted, 
 that fhe never would own him for her Hulband, till he had over- 
 come the Emperor. Hereupon Ottocar renounced the Peace he; 
 had concluded with Rudolph, and took the Field in Hopes of 
 reducing Aujlria again to his Obedience. The Emperor levied 
 an Army, and marched againd; him, and it was not long before 
 Ottocar paid for his Breach of Faith. Both Armies engaged near 
 Marchek in Aujlria, OttGcar'% General Milota, with a flrong 
 Body, deferted to the Emperor, and 14,000 Bohemians were 
 killed on the Spot, the Red: difperfed. The King was mided 
 after the Adlion, and on fearching the Field of Battle was found 
 amongd: the Slain. 
 
 Albert died the Year following, and left behind him the Cha- 
 ruder of a valiant, eloquent, prudent, and laborious Prince, a 
 great Lover of Truth and Plainnefs, and an implacable Enemy 
 to double Dealings. He had by his lad: Wife fix Sons, Henry 
 farnamed the Wonderful, Albert furnamed the Grofs, William, 
 
 Luder, Otho, and Conrad. Luder, Otho, and Conrad entered the 
 1 ‘eutonick Order. The three elded; Sons divided his States, and 
 founded three Lines, Henry at Grubenhagen, Albert at Gottingen, 
 and William at Brunfwick. 
 
 John, Brother of Albert the Great, kept his Refidence at John, DuL-e of 
 Luneburg, and employed himfelf chiedy in making his Subjedls Kuncburg. 
 happy by a peaceable Government. We find, that the Salt- Table iv. 
 Springs of the City of Luneburg, which make a great Part of the 
 Trade of its Inhabitants, were confiderably increased in his Reign, 
 and that he ordered the Poor to be fupplied with this Commodity 
 without any Charges. His Vafials, as a Teflimony of their Love 
 to him, after his Death, which happened in 1 277 at Dalenhurg, 
 about three German Leagues from Luneburg, his Refidence, 
 would not iuffer his Corpfe to be carried to that City by Horfes, 
 
 but 
 
126 Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 
 
 but took it themfelves upon their Shoulders. He left by his Wife 
 huitgardisy Daughter of Gerhard I. Count of Holjiein^ one Son, 
 named Otho the Severe ^ who fucceeded him. 
 
 HENRY, furnamed the Wonderful^ at Grubenhagen. 
 
 ALBERT, furnamed the Grofs^ at Gottingen, 
 
 W I L L I A M, at Brunswick. 
 
 OTHO, furnamed the Severe^ at Luneburg. 
 
 Henry the There is no Reafon given by Hiftorians, why Henry was 
 oft*he Line of called die He came with his Brothers, Albert and 
 
 Grubenhagen, lyilUaniy to the Regency of their States in the Dutchy of Brunf- 
 ^ * wicky in the Year 1279, and Otho the Severe ^ to that of Lune- 
 
 burg^ at his Father’s Death, in 1277. ^ 
 
 1284. Under the Reign of thefe Princes the famous Emigration of 
 the Children of Hameln is placed. The common Account of it 
 runs thus : The City of Hameln being then much peftered with 
 Rats and Mice, which they could not deftroy, a Stranger under- 
 took it, on Promife of a Reward, which being agreed to, he 
 took a Tabor and Pipe, and playing upon them, the Rats fol- 
 lowed this ftrange Muhcian to the River JVefer^ where they were 
 all drowned j but being denied his Reward, he left the Town in 
 a Rage, and threatened Revenge. Accordingly he returned in 
 a comical Habit, when the Burghers were at Church, and 
 with the fame Muhck enticed 130 of their Children, after him 
 to the Mouth of a great Cave, on the Top of a neighbour- 
 ing Hill, called the Kopjelberg^ where he and they entered toge- 
 ther, but were never heard of more. Two of the Children 
 could not follow faft enough, one of them was blind, and the 
 other dun b. The blind one could not fhew the Place where 
 they entered, but could tell that the Children went away with the 
 Muhcian ; the dumb one could tell nothing, but fhewed the 
 Mountain, which had opened and fwallowed up the Children. 
 
 Such 
 
127 
 
 Mefftoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick.. 
 
 Such as maintain this Hiftory to be true, appeal to the circum- 
 ftantial Account, the Ancients give of itj they fay, that there 
 were formerly Records in Hamebjy wherein this Hiftory was con- 
 tained, with all the Particulars relating to it ; that in one of the 
 Churches at Hameln, the Hiftory of this Emigration had been 
 painted upon an old Window ; that there was a Time when the 
 Magiftrates of Hameln dated all their Records from the Year of 
 the Emigration of their Children ; that for many Years after- 
 wards no Drum had been beat in that Street, through which the 
 Children pafled, and that the Name this Street bears to this Day, 
 fignifies a Street, where no Drum or Tabor is to be plaid upon. 
 
 Such as look upon this Hiftory as fabulous, exclaim againft 
 the Circumftances of it, which are differently related by Authors ; 
 that they have made fruitlefs Enquiries after the Book of Records 
 of the City of Hameln, and the painted Window j that they never 
 could lay hold of an old Record dated from this Emigration ; that 
 all they could learn from the Inhabitants was, that their Fore- 
 fethers had told them fo, and that thofe had heard the fame from 
 their Anceftors. 
 
 Many Books have been publifhed at different Times for and 
 againft this Emigration. Meibomhis the younger, who paftes for 
 an Author of Veracity, fays. That he had feen an old Parchment 
 with the following Infcription, and fome Verfes annexed to it : 
 Anno Millefimo ducentefimo Odtuagefimo quarto, in die Joannis 
 & Pauli perdiderunt Hamelenfes centum triginta pueros, qui 
 intraverunt montem Calvariam. 
 
 It is known, that in the thirteenth Century, fome Thoufands of 
 Children eloped from their Parents, in feveral Places in Germany 
 and in France, with an Intent to go to the Holy Land, and it is 
 probable, that fuch a Whim feized the Children of Hameln, and 
 that upon this Occafion thefe fabulous Circumftances have been 
 added. Be it as it will, this is not the only Inftance of impro- 
 bable Fads being infilled upon in the Hiftories of Nations. 
 
 In 
 
128 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 In the Year 1285, an Impoftor appeared at Cologn, who pre- 
 tended to be the Emperor Frederic II. and fummoned Rudolph 
 of Hcibfpurg^ to lay down the Imperial Dignity. He fent Am- 
 badies to the Princes of Brunfwick, and to all the other Princes 
 of Ger?nany, and pretended, that he had been betrayed 34 Years 
 before to the Saracens^ among whom he had ever dnce lived in 
 Slavery. This Pretender took his Reddence at Wetzlar^ and was 
 fupported by the Inhabitants. Rudolph marched againft him and 
 took Wetzlar. It appeared, that the Name of this Man was File 
 Kollupy who having been formerly at the Court of the Emperor 
 Frederic II. had thereby Opportunities of being informed of many 
 particular Circumftances, which gave fome Colour to his Impo- 
 dtion. However, the Fraud having been foon difcovered, he was 
 burned alive in the fame Year. 
 
 The narrow Circum dances Rudolph of Habfpurg was in at his 
 Elevation to the Imperial Dignity, gave Reafon to believe, that 
 this Prince would endeavour more than any of his Predeceffors, 
 to vindicate the Rights of the Empire in Italy ; and had this 
 happened, the Houfe of Brunfwick might perhaps have had 
 Room to expedt to be reindated in the Foffedions, that belonged 
 to the Guelphic Family, in that Part of the Empire. But he 
 never could be perfuaded to go to Italy •, the Pope gave him an 
 Invitation to come to Rome to be crowned j whereunto he an- 
 fwered by the following Fable, “ That the Lyon once pretending 
 “ to be fick, fent to the Fox to come to vidt him, but that the 
 “ Fox dopt diort at the Entrance of his Den, and would go no 
 “ farther, faying, that he could plainly fee the Foot-deps of 
 “ thofe, that had gone in, but none of thofe that had come out 
 that this being his Cafe, he would take Warning by the Example 
 of his Predecedbrs, who had indeed gone to Italy ^ but had never 
 come back without the Lofs either of fome of their Rights or a 
 Part of their Authority. One might have expedted from this 
 Anfwer, that Rudolph would have been very tenacious of the 
 Rights of the Empire, but his Adtions did not, in this Refpedt, 
 
 anfwer 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswicic. 129 
 
 anfwer the publick Expedtation. He patiently fufFered Milan to 
 be over-run by the Families of Turriani and Vijconti, who con- 
 tended for the Mafterfhip of it. He ceded Rcmagna to the Popes, 
 and they continued to ufurp, with Impunity, the Succefiion of 
 Mathildis^ and feveral Dominions which were undoubted Fiefs 
 of the Empire, and belonged to the Houfe of Bfnmfwick, in 
 Right of their Anceftors. Moreover he received Money from 
 Florence^ Bologna, Genoa, Lucca, and feveral other Cities in Italy, 
 to emancipate them from the Empire, to the great Prejudice of 
 his Succeffors. It feems, that the true Reafon for his declining 
 to go to Italy was, that he had fufficient Opportunity in Germany 
 to aggrandize his Family. For, befides his four Daughters, 
 married to the Palatine, Brandenburg, Saxon, and Bavaria?i 
 Houfes, he gave his fifth Daughter to H'encejlaus, King of Bo~ 
 hernia, OttocaPs Son, and thus had for his Sons-in-Law, and 
 confequently in his Interefi:, five of the mofi; potent Princes of 
 Germany 3 and when Conradinus, lafl Duke of Suabia, and Fre- 
 deric, lafi; Duke of Aujiria of the Houfe of Bamberg or Baben- 
 berg, at the Infligation of Pope Clement IV. were beheaded at 
 Naples, hy Charles, Duke oi Anjou, Brother to LewisIN.. King 
 of France, Rudolph beftowed on his eldefi; Son Albert, the Dutchy 
 of AuJlria, and on his youngefi; Son Rudolph, that of Suabia. 
 
 The Miferies, which Germany had been involved in during the 
 long Interregnum, were in fome Meafure perpetuated, by the Dif- 
 ficulty there was to prevail upon the Soldiers, to return to their 
 Trades and Occupations. They aflembled in large Bodies, and 
 committed great Violences upon the publick Roads, chiefly in 
 thofe Countries which are fituated between the Elbe and Wejer. 
 
 The Archbifliop of Magdeburg, the Bifhop of Halberjladt, and 
 feveral of the neighbouring Cities being of Opinion, that fome 
 of thefe Vagrants had taken Refuge in the Caftle of Herlingsburo' 
 near Gojlar, which belonged to Henry the Wonderful, on a fudden 
 laid Siege to this Caftle, but were obliged to raife it with great 
 LofSj and both the Archbifliop and Bifliop were taken Prifoners. ^ 
 
130 
 
 William of 
 the Line of 
 Brunfwick. 
 
 1 292. 
 Albert the 
 Crofs of the 
 l.ine of Got- 
 tingen. 
 
 Table III. 
 
 1299. 
 
 1314. 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick, 
 
 Henry after having defended his Property, to prevent Sufpicion 
 of his conniving at fuch Exceffes, ordered this Caftle to be 
 razed in 1291. 
 
 William the youngeft of the three Brothers, had his Refidence 
 at Brunfwick and died the firft, without leaving Iffue. The 
 two furviving Brothers Albert the Grofs of the Line of Gottingen^ 
 and Henry the Wonderful of the Line of Grubenhagen difputed 
 this Succeffion with each other. The common Council in 
 Brunfwick lided with Henry and the Magiftrates favoured Albert, 
 Hairy was in PolfelTion of the City, but Albert entered it by 
 the Affiftance of his Friends. At length the Inhabitants unani- 
 moufly declared themfelves for Albert j Henry left the City of 
 Brunfwick and its Dependencies, and Albert annexed this Suc- 
 ceffion to the States of the Line of Gottingen. 
 
 About this Time the Knights 'Templars loft their Poffeffions in 
 the Dutchy of Brunfwick. This Order was inftituted in the 
 Holy Land in the Year 1118, as has been faid above. The 
 Intention of their firft Inftitution was, that they fliould conduit 
 the travelling Pilgrims and defend them againft the Saracens^ 
 v/ho infefted the Roads. Thefe Templars acquired in feveral 
 Parts of Europe fuch confiderable Poffeffions, that at laft they 
 gave themfelves no further Trouble for the Holy Land. At a 
 Time when they thought themfelves the mofl fecure. Pope 
 Clement V. and Philip IV. King of France concerted together 
 their utter Ruin. They were accufed of many horrid Crimes, 
 Az. “ that they obliged fuch as entered the Order to abjure 
 “ Chrifi: and kifs the Pofterious of thofe, that initiated them j 
 “ that they had an Idol covered with an human Skin, which 
 “ they adored, and that when any one of their Concubines 
 “ brought forth a Child, it was toffed about among them, till 
 “ it died, after which they roafled the Body and anointed the 
 “ Idol with the Drippings of the Child.” The Order was 
 broke, and the Council of Vienne in Dauphincy confirmed their 
 Diffolution in 1313. The Templars were condemned to the 
 
 Flames, 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 131 
 
 Flames, and perfecuted till they were intirely extirpated. Moft 
 of their Eftates fell into the Hands of the Knights oi Rhodes^ 
 now called Knights of Malta ; whilft thofe, they had in France, 
 were for the greateft Part confifcated to the Crown, which 
 gives Occafion to fufpedl, that Juftice was not done them in 
 every Refpedl, and that Clement condemned this Order, chiefly 
 to pleafe the King of France. The Poffeflions and Colleges, the 
 F mplars had in the Dutchy of Brunfwick, were at Supplinburg, 
 
 Gittelde, Lucklum, Gottingen, Brunjhvick, Moeringen, Immund- 
 haufen, Lutter, Rethem, Hemde, Bariim, Wittwater, Weddi, 
 
 Junde, and at other Places. Moft of their Houfes in this Dutchy 
 were demoliflied, their Eftates given to the Knights of Rhodes, 
 and to the Feutonick Order, and a Part of their Income was 
 applied to pious Ufes, 
 
 Albert the Grofs died in 1318, and left by his Wife Rixa, 
 
 Daughter of Hejiry Prince of JVerle or Gujirow in Mecklenburg, 
 feven Sons, Otho, Albert, Erneji, Henry, Luder, 'John, and 
 Magnus. Otho, Erneji and Magnus, divided his States; Otho 
 refided at Brunfwick, Erneji at Gottingen, and Magnus, after the 
 Demife of Otho, kept his Refidence at Brunfwick. 
 
 Albert, fecond Son of Albert the Grofs, was Bifhop of Hal- 
 berjiadt, and is renowned for his warlike Exploits. He main- 
 tained himfelf in PolTeffion of the Biihoprick thirty four Years 
 againft the Will of four Popes, that fucceeded one another, which 
 may be looked upon as a very uncommon Thing, confldering the 
 Extent of the Power of Papacy in thofe Days of Darknefs and 
 Superftition. His Neighbours did their utmofl: to difturb his 
 Peace, and one Schnelhardt by Name, whom he had loaded with 
 Dignities and Preferments, formed a Confpiracy againfl; him. 
 
 He was many Times obliged to take the Field againfl; his Ad- 
 verfaries, and as many Times proved fortunate, for in the 
 twenty Campaigns, which he made againfl: them, he acquired 
 eleven Cities and Caflles to the Bifhoprick of Halberjiadt. 
 
 S 2 
 
 Henr\' 
 
1^2 Memoirs of the Houfe B r u n s \v i c k. 
 
 the fourtli Son of Albert the Grofs, was Bifliop of Ril- 
 dejl:cim ; he had a War to maintain againft Erich Count of 
 Schaucnhurg^ who pretended to that Biflioprick, and was fup- 
 ported by Pope ^-fohn XXII. This War lafled fourteen Years j 
 but Henry kept himfelf in the PolTefiion of the Biflioprick. It 
 appears, that the Bifhopricks in the Neighbourhood of the 
 Country of Brunfwick never fared better, than when tliey 
 eledled Princes of that Houfe for their Bifhops. This Prince 
 acquired the County of Schladen and the Caftles of Wiedefdage 
 and Woldenjlein to the See of HildeJJmm^ and at his Death left to 
 his Succeffor ten Caflles well for tided, and the Biflioprick free 
 of all Debts. 
 
 Luder^ the fifth of thofe of Albert's, Sons, that furvived ' 
 him, was Grandmafter of the 1 deut 07 iick Order ; yohn^ his 
 fixth Son, likewife entered the fame Order. This Order had 
 its Rife during the third Crufade in the Holy-La?id. When 
 in the Year 1 190. the City of Ptolomais or Acre in Syria, was 
 befieged by the Chriftians, the bloody Flux raged among the 
 Soldiers, who died of it in great Numbers. Some Merchants of 
 Bremen and Liibcck pitying them, took Sail-cloth and made 
 Tents to flielter them againft: the Inclemency of the Weather. 
 There were at that Time many Chriftian Princes in the Camp, 
 who being pleafed at this, agreed to found an Order for the 
 better Accommodation of the Sick, which Pope CAeJiin III, 
 confirmed in 1 191, and granted Indulgences to all, who fhould 
 be Benefadtors to this Order. The Knights wore a white Coat 
 with a black Crofs, and from thence were called Crucigeri, and 
 Mariani, from having chofen the Virgin Mary for their Patronefs. 
 The firft Mafter of that Order, was Henry Walpot, a German, 
 upon which account they alfo came to be called Knights of the 
 Tdeutonick Order. The Inftitution required, that fome ftiould 
 be Soldiers, and fome Ecclefiafticks. A Peutonick Knight had 
 Liberty to carry with him two Shirts, two Pair of Breeches, oruj 
 Coat, and two Clokes, Their Shoes were to be plain, and 
 
 their 
 
133 
 
 MeMoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 their Arms without Silver ; they flept upon Straw, and no more 
 than a Pillow was allowed them to lay their Heads upon. They 
 promifed at their Initiation, to ferve the Sick, to fight againft 
 the Enemies of the Crofs in the Holy Land^ and elfewhere, 
 faithfully to difcharge the Office they ffiould be called to, to 
 affifi; as often as a Chapter met, not to leave the Order, and 
 carefully to avoid Women, and even abflain from fainting their 
 own Motliers. The three firfl Mafters of the Teutonick Order, 
 Henry Walpot de Pa[fe?iheimy Otho de Carpen^ and Herman Barty 
 refided at Ptolomaisy but when the Affairs of the Chriftians in 
 the Eajl came to decline,, the fourth Mafter of the Order, Her^ 
 man de Saltzay retired to Europey and fixed his Seat at Venicey 
 whereby the Peuto 7 iick Knights came to be known in the Weji. 
 It has been already faid in the Life of Otho the hifanty that the 
 Cruelties, the Prufjian Heathens committed in Mafoviay made 
 Conrady its Duke, call the Teutonick Order to his Affiftance. 
 fie made an Agreement with them in the Year 1226, and 
 four Years after they began their Expeditions againft the PruJJians 
 with great Succefs. It is much difputed what were the Condi- 
 tions, upon which the Poles made their Agreement with the 
 ‘Teitto'/iick Knights. Thofe, who are in the Intereft of the Order,, 
 infift, that the Poles promifed the Knights all PniJJia as a Reward, 
 for their concurring with them in exterminating the Infidels ; 
 but thofe, that are of the PoliJlj Party offer to prove, that the 
 Condition upon which the Peutonick Knights were called in by 
 the Poles was, that they ffiould have only a Share in the Con- 
 quefts to be made. Plowever that be, the Knights, after the 
 Conqueft of PruJJiay kept all for themfelves, and gave nothing 
 to the Poles. Fifty three Years paffed before the Prujjians were 
 intirely conquered. Hiftory mentions fixteen Expeditions, under- 
 taken during that Time by different Chriftian Nations, who 
 CLune to the Afliftance of the Knights in PruJJiay and for the 
 greateft Part fettled there ; whence it may be conceived, from 
 what Variety of Nations the Prujjians derive their Origin. 
 
 The 
 

 4. Memoirs of the Houfe 0/ Brunswick. 
 
 The Grand-Maflers of the T’eiitonick Order kept their Refi- 
 dence at Venice during thefe Wars, and for fome Time after ; 
 they had a Deputy, called Land-Majler, in PruJJiay as well as in 
 Livonia^ and in Courlmid, which two Provinces alfo were under 
 their Jurifdidtion, with feveral other fine Territories in Germany^ 
 called Baileys and Commandries. Conrad de FeuchMva?7gen^ ele- 
 venth Grand-Mafter of the Feutonick Order, quitted Italy\ and 
 transferred his Refidence to Marpurg in Hefe^ where the Seat of 
 the Grand-Mafters remained to the Year 1309, when Siegfried 
 de Feuchtwangen^ thirteenth Grand-Mafler, at length fixed it at 
 Marienburg in Pru/Jia. Luder, Duke of Brunfwick, Son of 
 Albert the Gro/}, was the fixteenth Grand-Mafler of the Teuto- 
 nick Order, and the fourth of thofe that rcfided in PriiJJia. He 
 inherited a War from his PredecefTor Werner de Borfelen^ which 
 had been carried on between the Feutonick Knights and the Poles 
 during Werner'^ Reign and that of five of his PredecefTors, occa- 
 lioned by fome Diflridts in Pomerania, which the Poles claimed 
 as Fiefs, and whereof the Knights had put themfelves in Pof- 
 fedion, on Pretence, that fome Princes of Pomei'ania had entered 
 the Feutonick Order, and difpofed of their Patrimony in Favour 
 of it. Szdmotulius, a Polijh Woywode, at this Time, deferted 
 from the Poles to the Knights, and informed them, that the 
 Army of the Crown was in a bad Condition, and without a 
 Chief, that had any Experience. Soon after he repented of the 
 Treachery committed againfl his Country, and fecretly came to 
 the PoUp King, Vladijlaus Lobiicus, to whom he gave Intelli- 
 gence of the Situation his Enemies were in, and returned to the 
 Knights to confirm them in their Security. The Polip Army 
 in a Manner furprized the Knights near Ploczko, by Favour 
 of an uncommon Fog, and hereupon a mofl fierce Battle enfued 
 wherein 20,000 Knights were killed, and no more than 500 
 Poles, if we may credit the Reports of the Polip Authors. This 
 happened in the Year 133 1. Luder had afterwards a great Con- 
 teft with the See of Rome, the Succefs whereof was very different 
 
 from 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe <?/ Brunswick. 135 
 
 from that of liis two Brothers, the Bifliops of Halberjiadt and of 
 Hildefieim. John de Bienendorff, a Teutonick Knight, defired of 
 Werner de Borfelen^ Ijider's Predeceffor, to be employed in the ' 
 
 War againil the Lithuaniam^ which was denied him. Upon 
 this he had a long Knife made, and when a Sheath was offered 
 him for it by- the Workman, he made Anfwer, that he intended 
 to put it in the moft precious Sheath, that was in all PruJJia, 
 and accordingly {tabbed the Grand-Mafter at his Return from 
 Church. Luder had the Affaffine feized upon and condemned 
 to Death, but Pope John XXII. abfolved him, on account that 
 Werner had lided with the Emperor, Lewis of Bavaria^ againft 
 him, and Luder ^ after many Menaces fi'om the Pope, was at 
 length obliged to let him go unpuniflied. 
 
 Henry the Wonderful^ of the Line of Gruhenhagen^ died in ^^"*7 
 1322, and left by his Wife Agnes ^ Daughter of Albert, Land- 
 grave of Thuringe?!, four Sons, John, William, Henry, and Erneji, Giubenhagen. 
 The two lafb fucceeded him in Grubenhagen. Agnes, the fecond 
 of his Daughters, called, by the Greeks, Irene, was married in 
 1318, to AndronicusWI, Emperor of the Eajl. 
 
 Otho the Senjere, of the Houfe of Luneburg, fubdued the City Otho, of the 
 oi Hanover, and rigoroufly punifhed its Inhabitants, who hadbu"g.°^^^"^' 
 prefumed to be remifs in their Duty, which was the Occafion 'table iv. 
 of that Surname being given him. He acquired the County of 1303- 
 Danneberg, from the laft Ct.ant of that Name, and the County ,320. 
 of Luchow, from Gilnther, Count of Kdfernburg. He reconciled 
 the Broils, that happened in his Time in the City of Bremen, be- 
 tween the Magiftrates and the Inhabitants, which threatened the 
 Subverfion of that City. He went againft the Lubeckers, who had 
 killed fome of his Subjects, they fent Deputies, who implored 
 his Mercy, and Otho accepted of Hoft.tges for their good Be- 
 liaviour. 
 
 At this Time there were ftill fome Pvemains of the ancient 
 Veneds, who fculked in the large Woods and Heaths in the 
 Country of Luneburg. The favage Cuftom of killing old Peo- 
 
 ple. 
 
 f 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 
 
 pie, ftill prevailed among them, in the Year 1306, though this 
 Nation had then inhabited Chriftian Countries for a long Time, 
 which one would have thought, might have brought them to a 
 Senfe of their Barbarity. A Countefs of Mamfeld paffing over 
 the Heath by Luneburg, heard a Man lament mod; bitterly. 
 Her Domefticks followed the Cry, and found an old Man, 
 whofe Hands and Feet were tied, and a young Man with him, 
 who was digging a Grave, and who being afked the Reafon of 
 it, anfwered, that the old Man was his Father, who could not 
 get his Livelihood any longer, upon which Account he was going 
 to bury him. The Countefs oppofed his Defign, but the young 
 Man told her, that he could not rob his Children of their Breads 
 and give it to fuch an ufelefs old Fellow, The Countefs deeply 
 affected hereat, gave fome Money to the Son, on Condition, that 
 he diould fpare the old Man’s Life, which he promifed to do as 
 long as the Money laded, but added, that he diould be obliged 
 to get rid of him, as foon as it was fpent. This accidental Dif- 
 covery coming to Otho's Ears, he compelled this Nation, to give 
 up their wild Habitations, and live for the future amongd; the 
 other Inhabitants of the Country of Luneburg, 
 
 Otho the Severe died in 1330. He left by his Wife Mechtild^ 
 Daughter of Lewis, Duke of Bavaria and Count Palatine of the 
 Rhine, four Sons : John became Adminiflrator of the Archbi- 
 fhoprick of Bremen, and Lewis got the Bidioprick of Minden, 
 the two elded; Sons, Otho and William, fucceeded their Father, 
 and governed the Dutchy of Luneburg undivided. 
 
 H E N R Y II. or the Younger, at Grubenhagen, 
 OTHO, furnamed the Liberal, at Brunfwick, 
 ERNEST, at Gottingen. 
 
 MAGNUS, furnamed the Pious, at Brunfwick, after 
 the Death of Otho the Liberal. 
 
 OTHO, 
 
 WILLIAM, 
 
 I at Luneburg. 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 137 
 
 Henry II. pafled his younger Days at the Court of Lewh, 
 
 Bavaria and Count Palatine of the Rhine, who in the Year orubenhagen. 
 1314, after the Death of Henry VII. of the Houfe of Luxemburg 
 or Lutzelburg, was ele£led Emperor, in Oppofition to Frederic 
 the Beautiful, of the Houfe of Aufiria. Henry accompanied 
 Lewis in his Wars againfl Frederic ; both Armies engaged in 
 1 3 17, near Efmgen in Suabia, tliey fought till it grew quite dark, 
 and it remained doubtful, which of them had a Right to claim 
 the Vidfory. At length it came to a decifive Battle near Muhldorff ^ 
 on the Inn. Both Armies were equal, confiding of 30,000 Men 
 each j the Bavarians gave v/ay, but their General Schwepperman 
 made them renew the Battle, which ended fo happy for Lewis, 
 that he kept the Field, and took Frederic Prifoner. 
 
 Lewis afterwards reconciled himfelf with Frederic, who, it Is 
 faid, then promifed by an authentick Deed, that none of the 
 Houfe of Aufria fhould ever pretend to the Lnperial Crown, If 
 it was known, that any of the Bavaria?i Family afpired to It. 
 
 This Peace gave Lewis Leifure to think of the Affairs of Italy, 
 and of his Coronation at Rome. Henry II. went with him thither. j.j-. 
 Lewis found much Difaffeftion among the Italians, they even 
 forced him to return to Germany, though he often had faid, that 
 the Italians had killed many Emperors by Poifon, but never drove 
 one out oflxAyby Force. The Emperor returned without Henry, 
 v/ho went from Italy to Confantinople, and from thence to the 
 Holy La?id. The Greek Emperor Andronicus II. Father-in-Law 
 of his Sifter Agnes, received him with great Difclndion, and 
 Henry reconciled him v^^ith his two Sons, Confantin and Michael, 
 who had plotted againfl their Father. He returned in the Year 
 1330. Some Authors call him Henry of Greece, on account of his 
 Journey to the Eaf. He died in the Year 1337, 
 firfl Wife Helena, Daughter oiWoldemar I. Marggrave of Bran-' 
 denburg, one Son, named Qtho ; and by his fecond Wife Mary, 
 
 Queen or Princefs of Cyprus, three Sons, Balthafar, Riddacr - 
 
 T ' 
 
138 
 
 Otho the Li- 
 beral, of the 
 Line of Brunf- 
 wick. 
 
 Table III. 
 
 Erneft, of tlie 
 Line of Got- 
 tingen. 
 
 Table III. 
 
 Magnus I. of 
 the Line of 
 Brunfwick. 
 Table III. 
 
 f333- 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 
 
 and Melchior^ the lad of whom became Bifhop of Ofnabruck^ 
 and of Schwerin. 
 
 Otho was furnamed the Liberal^ on account of his extenfive 
 Bounty towards Churches and Convents, and the many Privileges 
 he granted to his Cities. He annexed the Old March of Bran- 
 burg to the Dutchy of Brunfwick^ by Right of his Wife AgneSy 
 Daughter of Conrad I. Marggrave of Brandenburg. She died in 
 1334, without Iffue, whereupon the Old March returned to the 
 Houfe of Brandenburg. Otho married to his fecond Wife, ^uthay 
 Daughter of Henry ^ Landgrave of Hejfe, but died without Male 
 Iffue in 1344. His States fell to his Brothers, Erneji of the Line 
 of Gottingen, and to Magnus I. furnamed the Bious, the latter of 
 whom, upon his Brother’s Demife, fixed his Refidence at Brimf- 
 wich. 
 
 Ernejl, of the Line of Gottingen, Brother to Otho the Liberal, 
 acquired to his Dominions, the County of Dajfel, which became 
 vacant by the Death of Simon, the lad Count of that Name.. He 
 alfo governed Brimfwich for a Time, during the Minority of his 
 Nephew, Magnus Lorquatus, Son Magnus I. He died in the 
 Year 1367, and left by his Wife Elizabeth, Daughter of Henry 
 Duke of Sagan, one Son, named Otho the Strong, who fucceeded 
 him at Gottingen. 
 
 Magnus I. younged Brother of Otho. the Liberal, and of Erneji, 
 is furnamed the Meeh by fome, and by others the Pious, on ac- 
 count of his fingular Piety. He refided at Brunfwich, as has 
 been faid above, after the Death of his Brother Otho. His Wife 
 Sophia or Agnes, Daughter of Henry, Marggrave of Brandenburg, 
 commonly called Marggrave of Landjberg, brought him for her 
 Portion the Lorddiips of Landjberg, Sangerhaufen, and Pet erf- 
 berg, whereof he took the Invediture of the Emperor, Lewis of 
 Bavaria, who in the Diploma, given him on that Account, calls 
 Magnus' % Wife, ( perhaps out of Compliment ) his Sider : He 
 was in great Edeem with this Emperor, to whofe Party he ad- 
 hered to the End of his troublefom Reign. Pope BenediB XIL. 
 
 began, 
 
139 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 began to affeft the Title of Vicar of the Empire, becaufe the 
 Emperor was excommunicated by yohn XXII. his Predeceffor, 
 maintaining, that an excommunicated Emperor was no Emperor 
 at all. The following Pope Clement VI. propofed to him, to 
 take the Empire as a Fief of the See of Rome^ declare himfelf an 
 Heretick, lay down the Imperial Dignity till he put him again 
 in PolTeffion of it, and in the mean time to cede the Empire to 
 the Pope ; on which Conditions, he promifed to give him Abfo- 
 lution. The Emperor flood out againft him with great Refo- 
 lution, whereupon the Pope fet up againfl him John^ King of 
 Bohemiay who was difpleafed with the Emperor, becaufe he ap- 
 propriated to his Family the Marggraviate of Brandenburgs then 
 vacant by the Death oiyohn IV. lafl PofTeffor of it of the Afcajiian 
 Race, notwithftanding he had granted the Reverfion of it to yohn 
 before the Battle of Muhldorffs in which yoht had been of no 
 little Service to him. At length the Pope’s Excommunication 
 made fo much Impreffion upon the Princes of the Empire, that 
 they eledled Emperor Charles IV. yohn's, Son. Duke Magnus^ 
 and other Princes of the Empire, prevailed upon him, not to 
 accept of this Dignity during the Life of Lewis of Bavaria, 
 This Emperor, however, furvived this Agreement but one Year. 
 Magnus to 1368, and left three Sons, Lewis^ Magnus ll. 
 furnamed TorquatuSy and Albert, Lewis and Magnus II. fuc- 
 ceeded him. 
 
 Alberts the youngeft Son of Magnus I. came to the Archbi- 
 fhoprick of Bremen. His Predeceffor was Godfreys Count of 
 Arenjbergs whom the Chapter chofe preferably to Maurices Count 
 of Oldenburg, notwithftanding he was already Coadjutor of the 
 Archbifhoprick, and had the ftrong Places of the See in his Pof- 
 feffion, and the Magift rates of Bremen in his Party. The Pope, 
 contrary to Expedlation, decided the Difpute in Favour of God~ 
 frejs who by threatening the Citizens of Bremen with the Pope’s 
 Excommunication, terrified them to fucli a Degree, that they 
 rofe up againft the Magiftrates, and forced them to quit Maurice'^ 
 
 T 2 Party, 
 
 1346. 
 
140 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 Party, and to efpoufe that of Godfrey, Maurice had Recourfe 
 to Arms, and invefted Bronen-, thofc that fallied out were re- 
 pulfed, and the Suburbs burnt. At length he advanced to the 
 City Gates, which he found open and without Guards, and on 
 fending out People to reconnoitre, they reported, that there was 
 not a Angle Houfe in the City, but was infedted with the Plague, 
 and that the Citizens were more taken up in preparing themfelves 
 for Death, than in the Defence of their Walls. Maurice found 
 the Report true, and was advifed to take Advantage of this Op- 
 portunity, to kill thofe in the City that were ftill in Health, but 
 he rejected this Advice with Contempt ; for on marching into 
 the City, he expreflly forbad his People to ufe any Kind of Vio- 
 lence. The Bremers^ humbled by a double Calamity, and 
 pleafed with Maurice'% Condudt, interpofed between the two 
 Competitors, and an Agreement was made, whereby Godfrey 
 remained Archbilliop, and Maurice became Adminiftrator of the 
 temporal Affairs of the Archbifhoprick. This Agreement, how- 
 ever, was of little Duration, the Archbilliop complained, that 
 the Adminidrator did not do him Jullice, and denied him the 
 Refpeft he had a Right to expedl. Shortly after he took Ger- 
 hard,, Count of Hoya^ for his Coadjutor, declaring, that he 
 would have no further Bufinefs with Maiudce. The Bremers 
 now efpoufed the Party of Maurice, and oppofed the new Co- 
 adjutor i but he beat them twice, and made fome of their chief 
 Citizens Prifoners, whereupon the Bremers fell upon his County, 
 and did fo much Damage there, that he had no Reafon to boaft 
 of his Vi(ftories. The Archbilhop at length grew fenfible, that 
 he could not maintain the Count of Hoy a in the Coadjutorlhip, 
 and refledling on the Miferies the See had groaned under for fo 
 many Years, found, that the only Way left him, for reftoring 
 Tranquillity to it, and keeping up his own Authority was, to 
 chufe a Coadjutor of a powerful Houfe, and hereupon he chole 
 Albert, of the Houfe of Brunfwick, for his Cojadutor. The 
 Pope confirmed him, but Maurice refufed to fubmit. Albert. 
 
 made 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 made ufe of his Forces ; Maurice^ after fome Oppofition, finding 
 himfelf not able to /land his Ground, entered into an Agreement, 
 by which he quitted the Coadjutorfhip, remained Dean of the 
 Chapter, and had the Bailiwick of Hagen affigned him for his 
 Subfifience during Life. The Archbilhop Godfrey furvived this 
 Agreement but a little while. Albert^ when he fucceeded in 
 the Archbifhoprick, confirmed ail the Charters and Privileges of 
 the City of Bremen^ but fome of its Citizens, through a private 
 Pique againfi; their Countrymen, foon after endeavoured to 
 deprive them of their Freedom, and even made ufe of the Arch- 
 bilLop’s Name for a Cloke to their Defign. This caufed a great 
 Mifunderftanding between the Archbilliop and the Bremers, 
 which lafted feveral Years, and ended not, till thefe Traitors had 
 their Deferts from the Plands of Juflice. Albert to fhew his 
 Integrity, confirmed once more their Charters, and his Reign, 
 which lafted 23 Years, from that Time, was peaceaful and quiet, 
 if one Accident of an odd Nature be excepted, which caufed him 
 fome Uneafinefs. After the Death of Maurice abovementioned, 
 one Zeferflete by Name, came to be Dean of Bremen, who, 
 being none of his Friends, gave out, that Albert was an Herma- 
 phrodite. The Archbifliop, who knew himfelf better, ordered 
 the Dean to be apprehended, but he efcaped, and immediately 
 after was eledted Bifhop of Verden. Thus Albert had it not in 
 his Power to refent the Aftront, and finding, that the Report 
 gained Credit, bathed himfelf in the Prefence of feveral People 
 of Diftindion, in order to let them fee, that he was like another 
 Man. This Expedient, however, was not fufficient to deftroy 
 the Report, Albert was obliged to fhew himfelf naked to above 
 ' ijoo People of all Denominations, who were hereby convinced, 
 by their own Eyes, that the Report was groundlefs j and Chriflian 
 Count of Oldenburg, interpofing, obliged the Bifhop of Verden, 
 who had broached this Fable, to beg Albert'^ Pardon, and thus 
 to confute his own Calumny. 
 
 Otho 
 
 141 
 
142 Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brun£wick.. 
 
 Othoandwil- Qtho of the Line of Lunehurg^ Son of Otho the Severe, reigned 
 T^ne 0^ Lune-'^^*'^ Brother till the Year 1354, and died without 
 burg. Male Iffue. William, who furvived him, reigned alone over the 
 Tabic IV o\. Liineburg to his Death, which happened in 1368. He 
 
 was married four Times, but had no Male Iffue, which gave Oc- 
 cafion to great Difputes between his two Daughters concerning 
 the Succefhon to the Dutchy of Limeburg. The eldeft named Eli- 
 zabeth, was married to Otho Duke of Saxony of the Anhaltine Race, 
 and had a Son named Albert. The other Daughter Mathildis was 
 married to Lewis Son of Magnus I. who died in 1367. before his 
 Father-in-Law, but left a Brother, named Magnus SCorquatus. 
 
 William had a Mind at firfl to leave the Dutchy of Luneburg 
 to his eldeft Daughter Elizabeth, married to the Duke of Saxony, 
 but altered his Mind afterwards and preferred the youngeft 
 Daughter Mathildis, married to the Houfe of Bru 7 ifwick. The 
 Difpute about this Succefllon caufed a great deal of Uueaflnefs 
 to William in his old Age, and when he died in 1369, the 
 Conteft grew ftill higher, whether the Dutchy of Luneburg 
 fhould fall to Albert of Saxony, or to Magnus Lorquatus of 
 Brunfwick, 
 
 The Inhabitants of the Dutchy of Luneburg liked Albert 
 better than Magnus Lorquatus, and the Emperor Charles IV. 
 who preferred William'^ firft Difpolition, declared Albert of 
 Saxony lawful Heir, to the Dutchy of Luneburg. 
 
 Magnus was poffeffed of the Fortrefs called Kalkberg near Ltme- 
 burg, and thought he fhould thereby eafily make himfelf Mafter of 
 the Capital. But the Burghers of Luneburg, under Pretence of 
 hearing Mafs in the Chappel of the Fortrefs, went thither with 
 Armour under their Coats, killed the Garrifon and took Pofteffion 
 of the Kalkberg. This happened in the Year 1371. Hereupon the 
 whole Country of Luneburg furrendered to Albert of Saxony, 
 who made himfelf alfo Mafter of the Fortrefs of Lauenrode near 
 Hanover, which City is faid to be much indebted to this Prince, 
 as he confj^erably enlarged it and brought it to a more regular 
 
 Form 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 143 
 
 Form than it was in before his Time. Magnus refolved to be 
 revenged upon the Lunebiirghcrs j he had in 1372. Luneburg 
 fcaled by 700 Men, aiid was like to fuccceed in his Attempt. 
 
 But when his Troops were already got into the Market Place, 
 and confequently might think themfelves Mafters of the City, 
 a crafty Commander of the City Militia utterly defeated his 
 Meafures by an unexpedled Stratagem. He began by compli- 
 menting the Conquerors, defired they would grant tolerable 
 Conditions, and under Pretence of negociating a Capitulation, 
 ran fometimes to the Burgomafters, at other times to the Troops 
 oi Brunfwick, which protradling the Surrender, gave Time to the 
 Burghers to put themfelves in a Poilure of Defence ; hereupon 
 the Signal was given, they attacked the Troops of Brunfwick 
 at a great Advantage, and preffed them fo hard, that they were 
 all either killed or taken Prifoners. 
 
 Immediately after this died Magnus Torquafus^ and his Enemy 
 Albert of Saxony remained Mailer of the Dutchy of Luneburg-, 
 but when he went 1385. to lay Siege to the Caftle of Ricke- 
 lingeny which belonged to the Family of Mandeljlohe, he was 
 killed by a Stone, that fell upon his Head. After Albert' % Death 
 his Uncle Wencejlaus^ claimed the Dutchy of Luneburg^ and a 
 great War enfued between him and the Houfe of Brunfwick, 
 
 He fuddenly departed this Life in 1388, whilft he was befieging 
 the City of Zelle, Wencejlaus had two Daughters, that were 
 married to two Dukes of Brunfwtck^ Ann to Frederic, and 
 Margaret to Bernhard, both Sons of Magnus Forqiiatus j thefe 
 Matches put a Stop to all further Difputes j after the Death of 
 Wencejlaus, the Dutchy of Luneburg could not but devolve to 
 the Houfe of Brunfwick. 
 
 O T H O 1 
 
 BALTHASAR. Line of Gruhenhagen, 
 
 ERNEST \ 
 
 OTHa 
 
144 
 
 Otho and 
 Baltliafar, of 
 the Line of 
 Grubenliagen 
 
 Table III. 
 
 1337. 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe <?/ Brunswick. 
 
 O T H O the Strong, at Gottingen. 
 
 LEWIS, at Luneburg. 
 
 MAGNUS II. furnamed Torquatus, at Brunjwick. 
 
 Otho, Son of He?iry II. or as he is other wife called, the 
 Tounger, of the Line of Grubenhagen, was one of the mod 
 valiant Princes of his Time, and acquired great Fame in difterent 
 Parts of the World. After the Death of his Father, he efpoufed 
 the Intereft of 'John, King of Bohemia, and of Charles IF. his 
 Son, againft the Emperor, Lewis of Bavaria. 
 
 John, as has been faid above, was difgufted by Lewis, and 
 did all in his Power, to avenge himfelf on him, for his Breach 
 of Faith. He levied a confiderable Army, with a Defign, to 
 carry the War into the Heart of Bavaria, but Lewis put him- 
 felf in a Condition to march againfl him, and haralTed him fo 
 long, till he obliged him to come to a general Battle. The 
 Fight was bloody and^obftinate : for a long while the IlTue of the 
 Day appeared doubtful : at lad the Bohemians gave way, and were 
 brought into Confudon : John endeavoured to rally them, but to 
 no Purpofe, and was totally overthrown. This Defeat, however, 
 did not didiearten him, he alfembled new Forces, and carried 
 the War into Italy, where Otho joined him, with his Brother 
 Balthafar. 
 
 Otho had one of the chief Commands in the Army, and was 
 remarkably fuccefsful, though he had to do with the greated 
 Captains of that Age, and that often upon very unequal Terms. 
 He conquered many Gibellin Cities in Lombardy, and returned 
 with Laurels from mod of his Expeditions. It is particularly 
 reported of him, that he was as little fparing of his Perfon as the 
 meaned of his Soldiers, that heoftentimes mixed among the foremod 
 in the hotted Adlions, and chearfully took Part in their Fatigues 
 and Dangers, as if he defired no other Advantage, than to be an 
 equal Sharer with them in the Glory they acquired. He returned 
 to Brunjwick in 1340, where having dayed till the Year follow- 
 
145 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 ing he refumed his Expedition. Barnabas and Galeactus^ of the 
 Family of Vifconti^ commanded an Army much fuperior to his. 
 
 They formed a Scheme to furprize him, and fent outfmall Parties 
 to harafs his Troops, whilft their main Body, by another Way, 
 advanced to attack them in Rear. Otho timely difcovered their 
 Defign, and having detached fome of his Horfe to obferve thofe 
 Parties, turned about on a fudden, and came up with the Enemy, 
 at a Time they leaft expected it. This occahoned fome Confu- 
 fion in their Army, of which Otho took Advantage, and charg- 
 ing them brifkly, put them to Flight. After this, he marched 
 before Vercelli^ which he took, with other FortreiTes and Cities 
 in Biedmont and Lombardy^ and returned to Brunfwick. 
 
 About this Time, Edwardlll. King of England^ difputed 
 the Crown of France with Philip VI. of the Houfe of Valois. 
 
 The Emperor Lewis of Bavaria, declared for the EngliJlj Mo- 
 narch, which was a fufficient Motive to the King of Bohemia, 
 and his Son Charles, to fide with the French. Lewis was not able 
 to give Edward any effeftual Aififlance, but declared him Vicar of 
 the Empire in the Netherlands and in France, with a View to in- 
 duce thereby the German Princes to affifl: him. This Intention of 
 the Emperor’s mifearried, and all the Confequence that refulted 
 from it was, that after his Death, Edward was eledted Emperor^ 
 which Dignity, however, he thought not proper to accept of. 
 
 Mean while was fought the ftmous Battle near Crejjy in Picardy. 
 
 Otho reforted thither in Company with the King of Bohemia, and 1346. 
 his Son Charles IV 3 they were unfortunate, ^zFrench lofl; the Field 
 of Battle and above 30,000 Men. King ‘John being blind, had 
 himfelf tied to two Horfemen, and fighting in this uncommon 
 Manner was killed by the Hands, as fome Hiftorians fay, of 
 Edward, furnamed of Woodjlock, or the Black Prince, eldefl Son 
 of King Edward III. Charles and Otho faved themfelves. 
 
 Not long after, there happened a Quarrel between Otho and 
 Flenry Duke of Lancajler, whom he challenged to a Combat, on 
 account of fome injurious Words, which the Duke was faid to 
 
 U have 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 have fpoke againft him. The Place pitched upon for deciding 
 it, was near Paris^ and called the Clergy's Mead. Both Princes 
 appeared, but the Duke oi Lane aft. er denying the Words laid to 
 his Charge, yohn., of France., with a Salvo to both their 
 
 Plonours, decided, that the Qi^rrel proceeded from Mihnforma- 
 tion, and publilhed his definitive Sentence accordingly at Paris^ 
 December ii, 1352. 
 
 Otho was recalled to Italy. Andrew, Brother to Lewis I. King 
 of Hungary, had married yoan. Queen oi Naples. Some Years 
 after the Marriage, it is faid, her Sifter proved with Child by 
 him, which yoan refented fo much that file got him ftrangled. 
 The King of Hungary, to revenge his Brother’s Death, marched 
 an Army to Naples. The Queen, who, in the mean while, had 
 married Lewis, Duke of Fara 7 ito, for her fecond Plufband, 
 made Preparations to drive the Himgarians out of the Kingdom, 
 but Lewis died during thefe Troubles, and yoan not being able 
 to refiftthe Power of her Enemy, was obliged to quit her King- 
 dom to Lewis of Hungary, who, after having got himfelf to be 
 crowned at Naples, left a Governor there and returned to HuU’- 
 gary. yoan was not wanting to herfelf in this Extremity : fhe 
 did her utmofh to form a powerful League in her Favour : with 
 this View die bribed Pope Clejyient VI. by ceding to the See of 
 Kofne, the County of AAg?ion, which belonged to her. At the 
 fame Time fhe fent to Otho, Duke of Brunfwick, whofe Valour 
 was fo much known in inviting him to affiftherlxi reconquer- 
 ing the Kingdom of Naples. Otho with his Brother went a third 
 Time to Italy, and reinftated yoan in her Kingdom. The Queen, 
 in return, gave him the Dutchy of Faranto, and in 1376 mar- 
 ried him. 
 
 T wo Y ears after the great Schifm happened in the See of Rome, 
 which lafted fifty Years. Clemejzt VII. v/as elected Pope at 
 Avignon, and with him fided the French, the Scotch, and the 
 Neapolitans, whereas Urban VI. was chofe to that Dignity at 
 Rome, and had the Romans, the Englijh, the Germans, and the 
 
 Ror- 
 
147 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 Portuguefey in his Party. JJrbaii was an Acquaintance of Otho'Zy 
 and had received many Favours of him, during the Time of his 
 former Expeditions in Italy ; yet, fuch was the Infolence of this 
 Prelate after his Exaltation to the See of RomCy that when Othoy 
 in Honour to him, on an Eajier-Dayy prefented him, at Dinner, 
 with the Cup kneeling, he kept him fo long in this humble Pof- 
 ture, that the Cardinals then prefent were fliocked, that fo great 
 a Prince fhould be ufed in fo contemptible a Manner, and told 
 the Pope, that it was 'Time he Jlmild drink. Othoy notwithftand- 
 ing this ill Ufage, acknowledged Urban for the true Pope j 'Joany 
 his Queen, in Compliment to her Hufband, had alfo at firft de- 
 clared for him, though againft her Inclination, and the general 
 Senfe of her Subjeds, but as foon as flie heard of the Pope’s in- 
 folent Behaviour towards OthOy fhe altered her Mind, and ac- 
 knowledged Clement VII. for the true Pope, and by this Ac- 
 knowledgement drew Urban'?, Excommunication upon her. 
 The Queen had no Children of her own, nor was it likely that 
 Ihe fhould have any by her laft Marriage. Otho, on thefe Con- 
 fiderations, perfuaded her, to adopt Charles DyrrachinuSy or de 
 DuraSy furnamed the Shorty her Coufin ; hereupon fhe had him 
 brought up carefully, married him to a Relation of hers, and 
 efteemed him as her own. But as great Benefits, when ill placed, 
 are generally repaid with extraordinary Ingratitude, Charlesy un- 
 mindful of the Obligations conferred upon him, fuffered himfelf 
 to be milled by Pope Urbany and agreed with him, to dethrone 
 his Benefadrefs, in Confideration of which. Urban gave him the 
 Inveftiture of the Kingdom of NapleSy referving Capua for his own 
 Nephew, whereof Charles was to create him Duke. JoaUy on 
 hearing of this, revoked her Adoption, and transferred it on Lewisy 
 Duke of Anjou. Naples became imbroiled in a War ; Charles 
 received Troops from Lewis y King of Hungary y and from the 
 Pope, and through the Negled or Treachery of fome of Otho's 
 Officers, made himfelf Mafter of the City of Naples. The Qi^en 
 retired to the Caftle Nuovo. Otho afl'embled a good Army, and 
 
 U 2 marched 
 
1^8 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 marched before Naples^ where he blocked up Charles^ with his 
 People, fo clofely, that for Want of Providons, they had nothing 
 to expedl but to peridi by Famine, or to furrender at Dilcretion. 
 In this Extremity, an old Neapolitan Soldier, known to the 
 Qu^en, and efteemed by Otho^ advifed Charles to counterfeit the 
 Queen’s Signet, and to write in her Name to Otho^ that flie was 
 fo much ftraitned in the Caftle of Nouvo, that unlefs he relieved 
 her, die was not able to hold out any longer, and defired him, 
 to come with fome of his trufty Friends at a certain Hour in the 
 Night before the Caftle, where he fliould receive further Advice, 
 in what Manner they might cafily be delivered from their Enemies, 
 Otho gave Credit to all this, and the following Night fet out for 
 the Caftle, attended by the Marggrave of Mcntferrat^ whom he 
 extremely loved, by his Brother Balthafar^ a flout and valiant 
 Soldier, who had married the only Daughter and Fleirefs of 
 HonoratiiSy Count of Fundi^ and by three Captains, in whom he 
 much confided. In the mean Time, by the Advice of the fame 
 Soldier, a Trench was cut in the Way Otho was to pafs, and fifty 
 Men placed in Ambufli. The Duke and his five Companions 
 fell into it, and were all fiain, except himfelf and Balthafar^ 
 whofe Eyes Charles ordered to be put out, which foon after oc- 
 cafioned his Death. When Otho was brought before Charles^ 
 he afked him, Hoio he durjl detain the Kingdom from him ? to 
 which Otho anfwered, that he knew not what Kingdom Charles 
 had^ but that he would defend his ^een' s Dominions to the lafi Drop 
 of his Bloody againf all her Enemies whatfoever^ and that no body 
 could in Fruth fay otherwife thanthat the Kingdom ^Naples washers. 
 His Courage was fo great, notwithftanding his Difafter, that he 
 neither would uncover nor bow to Charles, who was aflonifhed at 
 it, and lent him to Prifon. foan, when apprifed of this Cata- 
 flrophe, thought it advifable to furrender, which however, made 
 fo little Imprelfion u'pon Charles, that he had her fmothered with a 
 ,381, Cufiiion. There were feveral Foreigners, that had palled over to. 
 Naples withO/Zai?, whom the Rebels made Prifoners, and threatened 
 
 to 
 
149 
 
 Mejnoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 to murder for hiiving tided with Otbo and nls Q^en, but an 
 old Odicer prevented their Barbarity by feeming to comply 
 with it. He advifed that tiiey fliould be put to Death in a 
 Body in the Market-place with their Arms and Accoutrements 
 on, which the Citizens alTented to. Hereupon they were brought 
 forth, but when the Rebels beheld their warlike Countenance, 
 none durft venture to attack them, whereby they had an Op- 
 portunity to retreat in Peace. A few Years after died Lewis 
 King of Hungary ; Charles as ungrateful to his Poflerity as he 
 had been to "joan^ defpoiled his Daughter Mary of the Kingdom 
 of Hungary and got himfelf crowned there. But fcarce had 
 he began to eftablifli himfelf in this new Kingdom when an 
 Hungarian^ named Blafius Forgatfeh, fplit his Head down to his 
 Eyes, with an Ax, whereof he died in the greateft Agonies and 
 his Body remained unburied. After his Death Otho was allowed 
 to go fometimes a hunting, by means of which he made his 
 Efcape to AHgnon, from whence he foon returned with a Body 
 of Troops to Sicily\ and was magnificently received there amidll 
 the Acclamations of its Inhabitants. He then efpoufed the 
 Party of the Duke of Anjou, who by Virtue of ‘^oan'% Adop- 
 tion, was then difputing the Crown of Naples with LadiJlaU), 
 Charles's Son, and Otho paffed mto Apulia, where he was reinforced 
 by great Numbers, chiefly by the People of S. Seviero ; from 
 thence he marched before Naples, and took it by AlTault. His 
 Soldiers feverely avenged upon the Citizens their Perfidy to his 
 Queen and him : many of the Inhabitants, who efcaped Death, 
 {till fearing their juft Refentment, flew to Capua, Cajeta now' 
 called Gaeta, and Sicily ; but the magnanimous Prince took 
 Pity on them, flayed tne Soldiers Fury, and by a general 
 Amnefly, invited thofe, that had quitted the Place to return. 
 The fugitive Citizens came back and implored his Forgivenefs 
 which he readily granted, and it is faid, that when they wept 
 before him to difarni his Anger, he filed Tears himfelf, and 
 gave them no other Uneafinefs, than calling to their Remem- 
 brance 
 
50 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 iDrance the ill Return they had made to the Goodnefs of his 
 Wife, who had kindly ufed, loved, and cheriflied them. He 
 furvived his Queen feveral Years, and was renowned for having 
 been in forty Battles or confiderable Adtions, and at the Taking 
 of many Fortreffes. He died in great Fame and Glory about 
 the Year 1392. at Luceria or Lucera \\\ jlpulia^ but left no 
 Iffue. Theodoric de Nienty who at that Time was the Popes 
 Secretary, and afterwards became Bidiop of Verden and of 
 Camhray ftiles him : Patrem Principm?ty Normatn Nobiliumy 
 totum Catholicumy amantem Petris priidenteniy piuniy manfuetum, 
 & 'vindiBce non cupidumy and another fays of him ; Fuit Otho 
 Princeps plane heroicuSy animi magnitiidine 'vhdumque robore nulli 
 fecunduSy moderatus fimiil & humanuSy de quo jure illud Poetce 
 ufurpes : Magnorum hand imqiiam indignus Avorum. 
 
 Erneftofthe Otho began his Expedition into Italy y he renounced 
 
 benhagen^^^ his Right to the Principality of Grubenhagen in Favour of Ernejl 
 Table III Uncle, whom Hiftory mentions as a Prince, that fought the 
 Happinefs of his Subjects, and gained their Love by his Cle- 
 mency. He died about the Year 1360, at OJierodey where he 
 ufually rehded, and left by his Wife AgneSy Daughter of Henry III. 
 Count of Eberjieiny three Sons, Erfiejly Alberty and Fredericy 
 Ernejl being eledled Provofl of the Dome of Eimbecky the two 
 younger Sons Albert and Frederic fucceeded their Father in their 
 Turns. 
 
 We come now to Otho of the Line of GottingeUy who became 
 Se of Gof-^ of the Inheritance of his Father in the Year 
 
 1367. He was in a fair Way of making a confiderable Acqui- 
 fition. His Uncle Otho the liber aly who had married Judith 
 Princefs of Hejfey had no Male lifue; herFather Henry II. Land- 
 grave of H:Jfey who alfo had no Male Iffue, was inclined to 
 leave the Landgraviate to Otho the Strong and with this View 
 entertained him at his Court at Cajfel. But Othoy upon a Hunting 
 Match, dropped fome Words, that implied a Defire of the 
 Landgraves Death, which provoked him fo much, that he 
 
 altered 
 
 Otho the 
 Strong of 
 Line of Got 
 tingen. 
 
 Table III. 
 
Memoirs of the Hoiife <^Brunswick. 151 
 
 altered his Intention, and difpofed bf the Landgraviate of Hi’Jf 
 in Favour of Herman^ his neareft Relation. 
 
 Hijlory reprefents Otbo as a Prince of great Penetration 
 and Vivacity, vv^ho perhaps would have been one of the greateft 
 Ornaments of his Houfe, had he lived in a lefs corrupted Age. 
 
 His Valour acquired him the Surnames oi Strong, Potmt, and 
 Martial, but the indiiferent Ufe, he is faid, to have fome- 
 times made of it, caufed others to call him the Bad. In 
 thofe Days it was counted Sloth and Idlenefs in Princes to 
 apply to any Thing elfe than the Ufe of Arms, and the an- 
 cient Error flill prevailed in the greateft Families, that Appli- 
 cation to Learning daunted Courage. Occafions were fought 
 for warlike Exploits, and the Acquifition of Glory alone was 
 thought a fufticient Ground, for invading other Peoples Pro- 
 perties. The Caftle of Hohnjlein, at that Time a ftrong Hold 
 of great Importance, ferved for a Place of Retreat to a con- 
 federated Body of Troops, who from thence infefted the Ave- 
 nues to the Cities of Nordhaiifen, Erfurt, Muhlhaufen, Hei^ 
 ligenfadt and Witzenhaiifen. The Count of Hohnfein, with the 
 Affiftance of the Inhabitants of thefe Cities, laid Siege to the 
 Caftle, being encouraged thereto by fome of the Hans ’Pawns, 
 whofe Trade fuffered through the Interruption of the Peace 
 in that Neighbourhood. The Befiegers furioufly aftaulted 
 the Caftle, but without Succefs ; neverthelefs having received 
 a confiderable Reinforcement, they rdfolved to try their For- 
 tune a fecond Time and were juft on the Point of attacking 
 it at different Places, when on a fudden Otho the Strong at 136^, 
 the Head of a confiderably Body of Troops appeared before 
 the Caftle, and offered Battle to the Befiegers. Both Parties 
 fought with equal Bravery, but not with equal Advantage. 
 
 Otho killed fo many of the Befiegers, that they found them- 
 felves obliged to quit their Enterprife, and he condufted a 
 great Number of them Prifoners to his Dominions. This rafli 
 Adion caufed him to be univerfally blamed, and the Arch- 
 
 bifhop 
 
152 Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 
 
 billiop of Mayence in particular was fo incenfed at it, that he 
 folerrmly excuinniunicated him. Otho at firft difregarded and 
 flighted the Prelates Anger, but when a few Years after he was 
 about entering into a married State, it cofl; him much Pains and 
 Expence to get rid of his Excommunication. 
 
 1369. Not long after he marched agaipfl the Count of JVernigerode, 
 from whom he took the Caftle of Hartzburg. The Bifliop of 
 HildeJJ:eim endeavoured to hinder it, but Otho polfelfed himfelf 
 of Alfeldj which belonged to the Bilhop, who upon this ceafed 
 to thwart his Deflgn, in Confideration whereof the Town of 
 1370. was reftored to him. The following Year he fell upon 
 
 the old Marck of Brandenburg, On his Return, one of the 
 Family of Schwicheld in the Biflioprick of Hildepoeim^ intrcated 
 him to partake of a homely Entertaiment, which Otho accepted, 
 and in Return beftowed on him and his Defcendants the Caftle 
 of Harzburg j a furprizing Inflance of Gratitude and Generofity, 
 if fuch were the Motives of this Benefadlion, but more probably 
 with a View to convince the World, that Intereft and the Love of 
 Conqueft were not the chief Caufe of bis warlike Expeditions. 
 Herman Landgrave of Hefje, who now poflTeffed that Landgra- 
 viate after the Death of Henry II, was the next againft 
 whom he marched. The War between them lafled feveral 
 Years, but not to 0//jo’s Advantage, who had as little Succefs 
 in this as in moft of his other Enterprizes. 
 
 It was not perhaps fo much through Inclination as the too 
 prevalent Example of other Princes of the Age he lived in, 
 that he w'antonly gave into this military Courfe of Life. How- 
 ever that be, his peculiar Turn of Mind and the rafli Attempts it 
 prompted him to, confiderably encreafed his Expence, and often- 
 times obliged him, in order to raife the neceffary Funds, to anti- 
 cipate his Revenue, by borrowing Money upon feveral Branches of 
 it 3 his Cities in particular finding him thus reduced knew how to 
 take Advantage of his Circumftances, by offering at feafonable 
 Times fmallSums of Money, for which they obtained Charters and 
 
 Priviledges 
 
^53 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of B r u n s v/ i c k. 
 
 Privlledges of great Confequence. Towards the latter Fart of 
 his Life, this untoward Purfuit of Honour abated in him confi- 
 derably, and he became a ftrict and impartial Obferver of Juftice. 
 
 The Princes of the Houfe of Brwifwick and Luneburg^ the 
 Archbjfhops of Mayence and of Magdeburg^ the Bifliops of Hil~ 
 
 'depehft and of Halberjiadt and feveral others of their Neigh- 
 bours entered in 13B4. into a Convention for preferving the 
 Peace in their refpedlive Dominions. Diefric Count of IVer- 
 nigerode^ who was one of the contrading Parties, broke this 
 Convention by pillaging the Caftle oi Blanckenburg^ then be- , 
 longing to the Count of Rhemjiein or RegejiJiein, whereupon 
 Otho condemned him to be hanged, and the others ccncerned 
 in that Convention confenting to it, the Sentence was accordingly 
 put in Execution in the Year 13 86. 
 
 Otho died in 1394. Ashe then laid under the Excommunica- 
 tion of the Archbifhop of Mayence for a fecond Time, hisWidow 
 •had much Difficulty to get his Abfolution, in order to bury 
 him. He left by Margaret., Daughter of Gerhard Duke of Berg, 
 one Son, named Otho Cocks, who fucceeded him in his States. 
 
 Le^vis was defeended from Magnus I. of the Line of Brunf-L ewis of the 
 wick. He Mechtild, youngeft Daughter of 
 
 Duke of Luneburg of the firft Divifion, who declared him his 
 
 tT 1 r T 1 r Table III. 
 
 Succeffior in the Dutchy of Luneburg, as has been faid above. 
 
 fie was prefent at the Diets of Nurejiberg and of Metz, 
 where the Sandion of a fundamental Law of the Empire was 
 given to that famous Conftitution, called the Golden Bull, from 
 a golden Seal put to every Original that was drawn up. As fome 
 Difputes between the Princes of the Empire, concerning tlie 
 Eledion of an Emperor, were in a great Meafure the Occafion, 
 that gave Rife to this Conftitution, it will be proper in this 
 Place, to fix the Time, when the College of Eledors of the Em- 
 pire commended. 
 
 Whether the Imperial Dignity before the Death of the Em- 
 peror Lewis lY, who was the laffi of the Carlovhigian Race, 
 
 X was-. 
 
154 Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 
 
 was elective or not, may be Matter of Difpute, but it is beyond 
 all Doubt, that it has been elective ever fince it pafled to the 
 German Nation. The States of the Germamck Body, jealous 
 of their Liberty, always valued themfelves upon the Right of 
 eledling an Emperor, and conlidcred it as the fureft Way for 
 / preventing their Chief from becoming arbitrary. It is true, 
 they did not chufe to take away the Crown from a Family, 
 as long as it gave them Princes worthy of wearing it yet it 
 never pafled from Father to Son, but by a free EleCriun, fome- 
 times made in the Life Time of the Prince, that filled the 
 Throne, and always renewed and confirmed after his Death. 
 Thefe Eledlions were at firfl made not only by thofe, who 
 exercifed Offices of the Crown at Court and in the Provinces, 
 but likewife by the Nobility of the Country that poflefled Fiefs 
 of the Empire. In after times the Deputies of the Imperial 
 Cities concurred alfo in giving their Votes, and on this Ac- 
 count reforted as well as the former to the Diets of Eled:ion. 
 The Princes of the firfl; Rank, indeed, previoufly confulted 
 amongfl: themfelves about the Competitors to the Crown, but 
 at the fame Time took great Care in giving their Votes, to 
 pleafe the principal Members that were aflbmbled with them 
 at the Diet, and without their Approbation no new Emperor 
 was proclaimed. 
 
 [a) Accord- Among the Princes of the Empire of the firfl; Rank, were thofe, 
 iug to the La. that excrcifed the High Offices of the Crown. The Chief of them 
 ^ArcU-otpi- Arch-Chancellor of Germany^ the Arch-Chancellor of the 
 
 /fr, itfhouidbt-K^ingdom of Arles or of the Gauls, the Arch-Chancellor of Italy, 
 biaTfnf iwh <:he Coo Arch-Chamberlain, the Arch-Cup -Bearer, 
 
 having render- and the Arch-Steward [a). Thofe that exercifed thefe High 
 Officcs wcrc always prefent at the Eledlions, partly to keep 
 their Verfion Order in that numerous Afiembly, and partly to be at Hand, to 
 lowed^by^^^ honour the new Emperor by difcharging fome Fundion of their 
 Engiiih Au- Office. 
 
 thors. 
 
 We 
 
^55 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 
 
 We lliall not ftop here, to explain the Nature and Extent of 
 thefe High Offices^ becaufe they are no where fufficiently de- 
 fcribed ; moreover, if thofe of the Arch-Chancellor of Germany^. 
 and the Arch-Marjl:al are excepted, the others confift at prefent 
 in nothing more than in fome Fundlions of mere Ceremony, 
 which thofe, that enjoy them, execute at the Coronation of an 
 Emperor. 
 
 Thefe High Offices infenfibly became hereditary. Thofe that 
 enjoyed them, had a great Influence over the Eledtions, and never 
 failed to aflift; at them. Neverthelefs thefe Dignities gave them 
 no Prerogative in Refpedt to their Votes, nor did they ever pre- 
 fume to take folely upon themfelves the Eledtion of an Emperor, 
 or to exclude the other Members, that held Fiefs of the Empire. 
 
 Of this we have two remarkable Inftances, fo late as the Life of 
 Otho IV. at whofe firfl; Eledtion, Richard King 'of Englandy, 
 upon the Summons fent him by the Princes of the Empire, 
 affilded by his Ambafladors, in Right of the Kingdom of Arles^ 
 of which the Emperor Henry VI. had given him the Inveftiturej 
 and when Otho^ after the Death of Philip, got himfelf re-eledted, 
 the Archbilhop of Magdeburg, according to Arnoidus Lubecenjis 
 and Sagittarius, was the firfl, that gave his Vote at the Diet of 
 Eledtion at Halberjiadt ; neither of which Cafes could have hap- 
 pened, had the Number of Eledtors been then limited, or the Elec- 
 tion of an Emperor been confined to Ci^High Offices of the Crown., 
 During the Troubles, in which Germany was involved, in the 
 Reign of the Emperor Frederic II. {Otho’^ SucceflTor) the greatefl 
 Part of the Members of the Empire were abfent from thofe 
 Eledtions that were made in Oppofition to Frederic-, and it 
 happened, that the Eledtions of He?try Landgrave of Fhuringen, 
 of William Count of Holland, and chiefly thofe of Richard Earl 
 of Corwmll, and Alphonfus King of Cajiilia, depended almofl s 
 intirely on the foie Will of thefe High Officers, 
 
 To thefe Princes alone Pope Gregory X. diredted Letters,, 
 wherein he exhorted them to terminate the long Interregnum 
 
 X 2 by 
 
* 5 ^ 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 by eledting a Chief. It then became a Cuftom to call them 
 “ Princes EleBdrs^ or Princes to whom the Right of eleSling be- 
 longed f and this very Title the Pope gave them in his Briefs. 
 
 The Eledlion, which thefe Princes made of Rudolph of Habf- 
 purg to the Imperial Throne, met with no Manner of Difficulty 
 or Oppofition from thofe, that had with them an equal Right of 
 eledting, and hence thefe Princes thought themfelves authorized, to 
 make the fucceeding Eledlions after the fame Method, without the 
 Concurrence of the other Merrffiers of the Empire ; and if now 
 and then fome of thefe Members flill came to the Piace of 
 Eledlion, it was not with a View to give their Votes, but only 
 to recommend thofe, whofe Intereft they efpoul'ed. 
 
 Several Eledlions had been made in this Manner, when the 
 See oi Rome difputed the Title of Emperor to Lewis Bavariuy 
 of which an Account has been given above. This induced thefe 
 Princes Eledlors, in 1337, to conclude among themfelves a 
 League, called the Eledloral Union, whereby they fllpulated with 
 each other, to defend their Right of eledling againft the Enter- 
 prizes of the Popes. Lewis of Bavaria^ to whom this Union 
 was of fignal Advantage in his Difputes with the See of RomCy 
 v/illingly encouraged it; and accordingly, in the following Year, 
 at the Diet of Franckfort, a Decree paffed, which, amongft 
 other Things, contains in exprefs Terms, “ that he, who is 
 “ eledted by the Eledtors Emperor or King, whether by the 
 “ unanimous Confent, or only by a Majority of Votes, is im- 
 “ mediately to be efleemed lawful King or Emperor, by Virtue 
 “ of this foie Eledlion. 
 
 From what has been faid it will appear evident, that the Efla- 
 bliffiment of he Eledloral College has a far later Date than that of 
 the Year 99P, or that of the Year 1208, to which fome Authors 
 have wrongly referred it. The Neceffity of the Times having 
 at firft given an Opportuity to the Princes, who enjoyed the 
 High Offices of the Crown, to take upon themfelves the Eledlion 
 of an Emperor, this infenhbly paffied into a Cuftom, and by the 
 
 Meaftires, 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^/'Brunswick. 157 
 
 Meafures, they took afterwards to maintain themfelves in the 
 PofTeffion of it, the other Members of the Empire were at length 
 intirely excluded from the Eledlions. And hence we may be 
 allowed to make this Inference, that though thefe High Offices 
 were the Occafion of the Eftablilhment of the Eledloral College, 
 yet they were not, properly fpeaking, the Foundation of it, and 
 confequently that there is no Abfurdity in maintaining, that the 
 Eleftoral Dignity may fublift in all its Extent, without any High 
 Office being annexed to it. 
 
 Notwithftanding the Precautions taken at the Diet of Franck- 
 fort^ firmly to eftablifh the Electoral College, there dill remained 
 fome Points to be adjuiled. The different Branches of the 
 Eledloral Houfes, could not agree among themfelves, to whom 
 belonged the Right of eledling, and this was one of the Reafons, 
 that occafioned the Conftitution called the Golden Bull. The 
 thirty Chapters, whereof it confifls, contain many of the ancient 
 Conflitutions of the Empire, to which the Force of a written 
 Law is given, a Form is preferibed for theEledfion of an Emperor, 
 with the Ceremonies to be obferved at the holding of his Court : 
 his Prerogatives are alfo fettled, as well as thofe of the Vicars of 
 the Empire, of the Electoral College, of every Eledtor in par- 
 ticular, of the Princes and other Members of the Empire, with 
 fome general Provifions relating to the Vaffals and Subjects of 
 the Germanick Body. 
 
 This important Affair being brought to a happy IfTue, the 
 Emperor Ckarles IV. held a Court at Metz with great Pomp 
 and Solemnity, wherein the Ceremonies preferibed in the Golden 
 Bull were put in Execution. Hereupon the Diet was diffolved, 
 and Lewis returned to Brunfkvick^ where he died without Poffe- ,35^,^ 
 terity, as has been obferved in the Life of Ik'illiamj Duke of 
 Luneburg^ his Father-in-Law. 
 
 Magnus II. of the Line of Bnmfwick^ Brother to Lewis^ was Magnus il. 
 very diforderly in his younger Years, and made his Father’s 
 Neighbours and Subjedls very uneafy j upon which that Prince of Brunf- 
 
 en- 
 
1^8 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 lableiii, endeavoured to reclaim him by kindly Admonidon, but finding 
 his Endeavours fruitlefs, he threatened to hang him, if ever he 
 met with him adting in an hoftile Manner. Magnus made a 
 Joke of this Menace among his Companions, and told them, 
 that fliould it ever be his Lot to die luch an infiimous Death, 
 he expeidted to be hanged with a Silver Chain, becaufe he was 
 a Duke j hereupon he had a Silver Chain made, which he wore 
 about his Neck, as often as he was out of his Father’s Prefence, 
 and to this the Surname of T’orquatus is owing, which he bore 
 ever after. 
 
 He engaged in a War againfi; Gerhard II. Blfhop of Hildejleeim^ 
 which proved unfortunate to him. T’heodoric Archbifliop of 
 Magdeburg^ Albert Bifhop of Halberjiadf^ the Princes of An- 
 halt^ and feveral others were his Allies. The Bifiaop of Hilde- 
 jheim had none to afiifi; him, and finding himfelf thus friendlefs, 
 he applied, as feme Authors fay, to the Virgin Mary^ making 
 a Vow that he would beftow a Golden Roof on her Church, 
 fliould he return vidtorious, but thatfhould the contrary happen, 
 it would hardly he in his Power to cover it with Straw, adding 
 moreover, that the might now chufe herfelf, which (he liked 
 befi, to dwell under a Golden Roof or under one made of Straw, 
 Both Armies met near Dinckler by Hildefeeim, the Allies were 
 ^ fo ftrong, that three fought againfi one of the Bifhop of Hilde- 
 Jhcim'% Troops j but he kept the Field, killed a great Number, 
 and took feveral of the Chiefs Prifoners. 
 
 Among the lafl was Magnus himfelf, who to raife Money for 
 his Ranfom, was obliged to fell to the Marggrave of Mifnia, the 
 Lordlhips of Sangerhaufen, La?idjberg, and Reterjberg, which 
 diis Father had acquired. The Bifhop of Halberfadt, who was 
 alfo taken in the Battle, being a fubtle Logician, and his Con- 
 queror a great Orator, this gave Rife to the following ludricrous 
 Jeft, that Logick had been o^oercome by Rethoricks. 
 
 If Magnus was fo unfortunate as to lofe three Lordfhips, which 
 had been lately acquired to his Houfe, he had the Advantage to 
 
 lay 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe <?/ Brunswick. 159 
 
 lay the Foundation of the Recovery of a Dutchy, that had been 
 difmembered from the Dominions of his Family, fince the 
 memorable Partition of the States of Heitry the Lyon. This was 
 the Dutchy of Saxe Lauenburg, which a Branch of the Eledtoral 
 Houfe of Saxony was pofleffed of from that Time. Magnus, in 
 Conjundion with William Duke of Lunchurg, entered into Family 1 369. 
 Pads with Erich II. then Duke of Saxe Lauenburg, by which it 
 was agreed, that upou the Extindion of the Houfe of Brnnfwick, 
 or of that of Lauenburg, the furviving Family fhould fucceed the 
 other in its Pofleffions; and in Right of thcfe Pads George William, 
 in 1689, inherited the Dutchy of Saxe Laiienburg, whereof an 
 Account will be given in its Place. He was alfo one of the next 
 Heirs to the Dutchy of Luneburg, after the Demife of William, 
 its Duke, by Right of his Brother Lewis, who died without 
 Iflue ; but Albert of Saxony contefted this Succeffion wdth him, 
 as has been faid above, and the Emperor Charles IV. declared 
 in his Favour, to lay the Eledor of Saxony under an Obligation, 
 whofe Vote he was in need of for his Son Wencejlaus, to be made 
 King of the Romasis. Magnns could not get himfelf poffefled of 
 this Dutchy, notwithftanding the great Pains and Fatigues he 
 was at to recover it, but it fell at length to Frederic his Son, in 
 Right of his Wife oi Wencef.aus, Alberf^\Jnc\Q, 
 
 Magnus finifhed his Days in a miferable Manner. Otho, Count 
 of Schaumburg, married Mechtild, Widow of his Brother Lewis. 
 
 Her Equipage was attacked upon the Road, and fome Domeflicks, 
 belonging to Magnus, were charged with it. This gave Occahon 
 to a Difturbance ; both Parties took up Arms againfl each ether, 
 and a Battle enfued between MagJius and Otho, near Levejle on the 
 Leine. Magnus engaged his Enemy perfonally, and unfaddled 
 him, whereupon he alighted from his Horfe, with a Dehgn to 
 take him Prifoner. The Count lay grovelling on the Ground, 
 and when Magnus was examining, whether he was alive or dead, 
 one of the Count’s Soldiers came up and ran him through the 
 Body. This happened in 1373. Magnus by his Wife Catherine, 
 
 Daughter 
 
1 6o 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe Brunswick. 
 
 Daughter of Woldemar I. Elector of Brmdenburg^ left four Son?, 
 I redcric^ Bernhard^ Henry^ and Otho, Otho got the Bifhoprick 
 of VerdeUy and afterwards the Archbiflioprick. of Bremen. Fre- 
 deric fucceeded his Father j his Brothers Bepihard and Henry ^ 
 who furvived him, made a new Partition of the Dutchies of 
 Brnnfwick and Luneburg^ which is the fecond of the principal 
 l^ivifions, that occurs in this Hiftory. 
 
 A L B E R T. II. 7 ^ , 
 
 ^ g j ^ ^ Ox tii,c Line 01 
 
 OTHO Cocles^ of the Line of Gottingen. 
 FREDERIC, the Emperor, 
 after his Death 
 
 H E N R Y, at Brimfwick. 
 BERNHARD, at Lnnebiirg. 
 
 Albert II. of Albert \\. fucceeded his Father in 1360. He incor- 
 
 Grubenhagen. porated ‘with his Dominions the Lordfliip of Saltze^ which de- 
 Tablelll ^'^Ived to him as a Fief, after the Extinction of the Family of 
 Helden, the PofTeffors of it. Some of Albert'^, Subjects had 
 made too free with the Territories of Frederic^ Landgrave of 
 Thiiringen^ who was difguted at it, and thereupon declared War 
 againft him. Albert was fo little moved at Frederic'^ taking the 
 Field, that he boaftingly faid, he would fland his Ground, and 
 fhould be an equal Match for him, were it to rain Landgraves of 
 Thuringen for three Days together. After fome Time fpent in 
 mutual Hoftilities, Peace was re-eflabliflaed in 1366. In this 
 War Frederic made Ufe of a Canon or a Fire-Arm, by means 
 of which he difeharged Balls into the City of Limbeck^ which 
 he belieged in 1365, and the Authors tell us, that 
 
 this was the firft Canon or Fire-Arm feen in that Country. 
 Albert died in 1397, and left by his Wife Daughter of 
 
 Albert^ Duke of Saxe-Laue?ibiirg^ one Son, named Erich.. 
 
 Frederic 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. i6i 
 
 Frederic fucceeded his Brother Albert, and kept his Refidence of the 
 •at OJlerode, He added the County of Lutterberg to his 
 minions, after the Extinftion of the Counts of that Name, and 
 maintained this Acquifition againft the Archbidicp of Mayence, 
 the Bifliop of HildeJlAm and feveral others, who laid Claim to 
 it. He died in the Year 1404 or 140^, and left by his fecond 
 Wife ‘Judith of the Houfe of Anhalt, one Son named Otho, who 
 fucceeded him. 
 
 Otho of the Line of Gottingen, Son of Otho the Strong, 
 furnamed Codes or Moiioculus, on Account of his having loft Gottingen, 
 one of his Eyes in his Infancy. He was as peaceable, as his xatle lii. 
 Father had been martial, and often faid : that he abhorred War, 
 were it for no other Reafon, than that it laid Parents under 
 the NeccJJity of burying their Children, whereas in Fimes of Peace, 
 accordbig to the common Courfe of Nature, it ought to be the Cafe 
 of Children to mourn for their Parents. He was called the Father 
 of his People, and during his long Reign, which lafted near 
 fixty Years, fuch was the Felicity, his Subjedls enjoyed, that 
 they boafted of living in the golden Age. He died in 1463. 
 
 His Wife was Agnes Daughter of Herman Landgrave of Hefe, 
 by whom he had no Iftlie. It is faid, that Lewis, her Brother, 
 flaewed much Enmity againft him, on Account of his cohabiting 
 too feldom with his Wife. With him the Line of Gottmgen 
 became, extincft, and, agreeable to Family Padts, made between 
 him and Bernhard and Henry, the two youngeft Sons of Magnus 
 ForquatuSf his States fell to William furnamed the Vidorious 
 eldeft Son of He?iry. 
 
 Frederic the eldeft Son of Magnus Forquatus, fucceeded hisP*'^«J«ic the 
 Father in 1373. and his Brothers and Bernhard grantedfhg ^ine ^ 
 
 him the Right oj Primogeniture (a). Emnfwick. 
 
 His Uncle Otho the Strong under Pretence of Guardianftiip (.*) ,37^. 
 detained from him fome Places that were his Property, chiefly jjj 
 the Fortrefs of Wolffcnbuttel. Frederic got Pofteffion of it by 
 the following Stratagem : His Uncle went to hear Mafs without 
 the Fortrefs, Frederic who accompanied him, pretended that 
 
 Y his 
 
i 62 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 his Nofe bled, and under this Pretence retired from Chappel, 
 haftened to the Fortrefs of Wolffenbuttel^ had the Draw-bridge 
 taken up, and denied Entrance to his Uncle. The Garrifon and 
 the People in the Fortrefs embraced Frederic's Party, who was 
 their lawful Prince, whereupon Otho coming to a Senfe of the 
 Injuftice he had done his Ward hitherto, furrendered the otl^er 
 Places, he kept from him. Some Years after Wencejlam Elector 
 of Saxo 7 iy died, and the Dutchy of Luneburg returned to the 
 Houfe of Brmifwick. 
 
 During Frederic's Reign the Ha?2s Fowns gave a remarkable 
 Inflance of their Authority. The Burghers of the City of Brunf- 
 'ivick being overburdened by Taxes, intreated the Magiftrates, 
 that an Account might be given of the Ufes, whereunto they 
 had been applied. The Magiftrates, who were apprehenftve of 
 the Confequences of this Demand, and perhaps not in a Condi- 
 tion to fitisfy the Burghers, defired Time to ftate their Ac- 
 counts, and the following Night had feveral of the Chiefs of the 
 Burghers taken up and put into Cuftody. This was a Signal 
 to the Inhabitants to rife up in Arms, they feized upon the Burgo- 
 mafters and Aldermen, put eight of them to Death, and drove 
 the Reft out of the City. The exiled Magiftrates laid their 
 Grievances before the Hans Fowns^ with which the City of 
 Brnnfwick was allied, and prevailed upon them, to exclude the 
 Inhabitants from all the Privileges, they enjoyed as Members 
 of that Aftbciation. The Lofs the City fuftained by this Ex- 
 clufton, which threatened the Ruin of their Trade, was fo con- 
 fiderable, that the Burghers petitioned Frederic their Sovereign, 
 and the Emperor Charles IV, to interpofe their good Offices 
 with the Hans Fowns in their Behalf. But the Hans F nms pre- 
 tended to be foie Judges in this Quarrel, and confidered the 
 Proceedings of the Burghers as a Contempt of their Authority. 
 Eight Years pafled before this Conteft could be adjufted ; at 
 1381. length the City of Brnnfwick was obliged to make a folemn 
 Submiffion to the Hans Fowns aflembled at Lubeck j their De- 
 puties, drefled in Shrouds, went barefooted and uncovered, with 
 
 lighted 
 
163 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe ij/'Brunswick. 
 
 lighted Wax Tapers in their Hands, from the Church of St.Ms'ry 
 to the Town-Hcufe, and having there kneeled down before the 
 Aflembly, confelTed themfelves and thofe they reprefented 
 guilty of the Crimes laid to their Charge, and begged Pardon 
 for their Offences ; where upon the City was readmitted into the 
 Society of the Ham Towns. 
 
 Frederic having acquired the Bailiwick of Jerxheim, added it 
 to the Dutchy of Brunfwick, and in the Year 1389 made, at 1389. 
 Wittenberg^ a Treaty of Confraternity and mutual Succeffion, 
 with the Houfe of Saxony, in which it was agreed, that the 
 States of that Family, which firft became extindt, fliould be 
 inherited by the furviving Houfe. 
 
 This Prince, being adtive by Nature, and fond of Glory, 
 having now regulated all Matters relating to the Government of 
 his Dominions and opened to himfelf a Profped: of feeing them in- 
 larged, went to Hungary, with a View to affift King Sigifmund, 
 in the War he had undertaken againft his rebellious Subjects. 
 
 The Inhabitants of Wallacbia had made an Infurredion againfl 
 this Prince, and called in the Turks, whofome Time before got 
 Footing in Fur ope. Sigifmund, to divert Bajazeth, Emperor of 
 tht Turks, from aiding his Subjeds, reprefented to him, that he 
 had no Manner of Claim to Hungary ; but when Sigifmund'^ 
 Ambalfadors brought this Meffage to Bajazeth, he laughed at 
 their Mafter, for pleading Law to Men that were armed, and 
 had them conduded to a Room well ftored with polifhed Sabres, 
 and pointing at them, uttered thefe remarkable Words : Hs long 
 as we carry fuch Weapons in our Hands, we have Prete}fio?is 
 to all, that we define. Sigifmund not being able to cope alone 
 v/ith fo formidable an Enemy, craved the Affiflance of all the 
 Princes in Chriftendom, who fent him fo many Troops, that 
 on viewing them, he confidently Lid : Were the Heavens to fall, 
 he had Pikes enough to fupport them. Frederic, though he led a 139^^. 
 confiderable Number of Forces to Sigifmund, refufed to take 
 upon him any Command, being content with fighting as a 
 
 Y 2 V olunteer 
 
1 64 Memoirs of the Uoufe <^Brdnswick. 
 
 Volunteer. Both Armies met near NicopoU in Bulgaria \ the 
 French being too eager, claimed the Honour of making the firft 
 Attack, and without waiting for Command, rufhed upon the 
 Enemy. As foon as they came up clofe to them they leaped 
 from their Horfes, and fought on Foot j in the mean while their 
 Horfes, not being taken Care of, run back to the Camp, which 
 being perceived by the Reft of the Army, it was imagined, that 
 their Riders had all been hilled j hereupon a Panick 1 error 
 feized upon the Chriftians, which was fucceeded by a general 
 Flight, wherein no lefs than 20,000. of them are faid to have 
 been cut to Pieces. King Sigif?nund himfelf fled, and the Hu7u 
 garians being dilaffedted to him, there was no Poffibility of railing 
 a fufficient Body of Troops to attack the Furks again. Frederic 
 feeing the defperate Condition of the Chriftians in Hufigary, and 
 receiving News about this Time, that the Princes of the Empire 
 had an Inclination to eledt him Emperor in the Room of 
 Wencejlaiis^ he returned with the Remains of his Troops to 
 Germany. 
 
 The Emperor Charles IV. had prevailed upon the Eledlors 
 of the Empire to chufe his Son Wencejlaus King of the Romans 
 in his Life-time. It is faid, that each Vote coft him an hundred 
 thoufand Crowns, and that, not having enough ready Money to 
 make this Purchafe, he was obliged to yield to the Eledors 
 the Tolls in the Empire, which before that Time conflituted 
 a confiderable Branch of the Emperors Revenue. Wencejlaus from 
 the Time he came to the Imperial Dignity, kept his Refidence 
 in Bohemia^ whereof he was King, and took fcarce any Con- 
 cern in the Affairs of the Empire. An Ambaffy being lent on 
 Purpofe to invite him to Gert?iany, he bluntly anfwered, that 
 the Princes of the Empire were as near to him, as he was to 
 them. This imprudent Condud became the Source of much 
 Confufion. The free Imperial Cities alfumed great Authority to 
 themfelves ; Charles IV. had favoured them more than any 
 Emperor before him, in order, that they might be a Balance 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 to the Princes of the Empire : under Wencejlam they ftretched 
 their Power much farther, than they had done in his Father’s 
 Time, by entering into an Affociation, which occafioned many 
 DiRurbances. At length the Princes, alarmed at their En- 
 croachments, refolved to aflert their Authority, and agreed among 
 themfelves, that each fliould take upon him to fubdue the City 
 that was neareft to him; the Forces of the Imperial Cities being by 
 thefe Means divided and each of them obliged to defend itfelf, 
 the Affociation' was in Time diffolved and a Stop put to the dange- 
 rous Confequences arifing from it. If Wencejlaus looked with 
 Indifference on the Tranfadlions in Germany^ he was ffill left 
 concerned for what happened in Italy, fo that the Popes did 
 there what they pleafed ; behdes which "John Galeacius Vifcount 
 of Milan, by means of a Sum of Money prevailed on Wencejlaus^ 
 to create him Duke of Milan, which he did without the Know- 
 ledge of the Empire. The Bohemiafis as well as the Germans 
 being at laft tired with his Condudl, meditated a Change. The 
 Bohemiafis began ; they took him Prifoner, and put him in clofe 
 Cuftody, from which after a Confinement of four Months he 
 had the good Fortune to efcape, and mofi: cruelly revenged him- 
 felf on the Authors of it. Not long after the States of Bohemia took 
 him Prifoner a fecond Time, whereupon, in Hopes he might be 
 better fecured at Viemia, they fent them thither to the Archduke 
 Leopold ; but in this they were again miftaken, for Wencejlaus found 
 Means to get out of his Captivity, and even to replace himfelf 
 on the Throne. His Succefs however extended no farther than 
 Bohemia, the Princes of the Empire, being determined to con- 
 cern themfelves no farther v/ith him, depofed him in the Year 
 1400. The chief Reafons mentioned in the Adi of Degradation 
 were, that he had not taken Care of Lombardy ; that he had 
 created a Duke of Milan without the Knowledge of the Empire j 
 that he had difmembered feveral Territories of the Empire and 
 annexed them to Bohemia ; that he had killed many innocent 
 People ; that he had connived at Robberies committed on the 
 
 Highways 5 
 
i66 
 
 ^1400. 
 
 w 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe <?/ Brunswick. 
 
 Highways ; that he had given his Sign-Manual in Blank to his 
 Favorites, and even made a Sale of it. Wencejlaus at firft feemed 
 to oppofe the Refolution taken by the Princes, but foon after 
 fubmitted. 
 
 The Imperial Throne being thus vacant, the Eledlorsmet 
 at Frankfort on the Mayn to confult about a new Election, and 
 Frederic Duke of Brunfwick and Luneburg was unanimoufly 
 chofen Emperor, to the inexpreffible Joy of all Germany y which, 
 on account of his extraordinary Merits, looked upon him as the 
 only Prince, capable of retrieving the Honour of the Empire, 
 which his PredecelTor had fo fordidly expofed. 
 
 The Romans called the Emperor Fitus Fefpafanus the Delight 
 of Mankind^ by Reafon of his uncommon Goodnefs, and much 
 bewailed his fliort Reign, from which they expedted an un- 
 bounded Happinefs. Frederic was equal, if not fuperior, to 
 Fitus in his amiable and noble Q^lifications, he was prudent, 
 warlike, indefatigable in promoting Peace and the Adminiftration 
 of Juftice, endued moreover with an heroick Magnanimity of 
 Mind and an innate Clemency and Moderation, which recom- 
 mended him not only to the Affedtion of his own Subjedls, but 
 likewife to tlie Efleem of the Eledtors of the Empire. And as 
 if the Refemblance between thefe two Princes was to be per- 
 fedt in all Reljpedls, they both reigned but a fliort while and 
 both came to an untimely End. Fitus fell a Vidlim to his 
 Brother Domitian, and Frederic had fcarcely been fhewn to 
 the Empire, when another Domitian was permitted to difap- 
 point' the Expedlation, all true Patriots had conceived from his 
 Reign, as if Providence had meant to intimate thereby, that 
 the Germanick Body was not worthy of fuch a Head. 
 
 fohn Count of Naffaiiy then Archbifliop of MayencCy had 
 been prevailed upon by the Example of the other Eledtors, to 
 give his Vote to Frederic y much againft his Inclination, and from 
 that Moment meditated his Death. As foon as the Eledtion 
 was over, the Emperor, who fufpedted no Danger, fet out on 
 
 his 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe o/'Brunswick. 
 
 his Return to Brunfwick, in Company with Duke Bernhard 
 his Brother, Rudolph Elector of Saxonp^ Conrad Bifliop of 
 Verden and Sigifmund Count of j^nhalt. But when they were 
 got between Arreiitjbrun and Fritzlar in Hejfe^ they were fud- 
 denly attacked by a Body of Ruffians^ who having flain or dif- 
 perfed his Attendants, gave him many Wounds, of which he 
 died on the Spot. 
 
 All the Empire was in a Ferment and highly incenfed at 
 this moft horrid Parricide. Henry Count of Waldeck^ the Chief 
 of the Affaffins, owned, he had engaged in the Confpiracy at the 
 Infligation of the Archbilhop of Mayence^ and one Frederic de 
 Hartinghaufen^ who was found to have given the fatal Blow, 
 was taken up and delivered to the Emperor’s Brothers, who 
 caufed his Body to be broke upon the Wheel and fevered into 
 four Quarters. The Archbifliop of Mayence felt alfo the Effeds 
 of their juft Refentment, for looking upon him as the firft Source 
 of this barbarous A(ft, they overran his Dominions with Fire 
 and Sword, and obliged him to live as an Exile from the Place 
 of his Refidence for a conliderable Time. 
 
 Some Authors pretend, that the Archbifliop had no Hand in 
 the Parricide, and that he cleared himfelf from this Imputa- 
 tion by an Oath made before the Princes of the Empire j but 
 others that deferve more Credit, pofitively lay the Fadt to his 
 Charge ; among thefe is Gobelmus Perfofta, who lived at the 
 very Time the Faft happened, and what is moft remarkable, 
 in the Metropolitanfhip of Mayence^ fo that it may be prefumed,.' 
 he would certainly have fpared the Prelate, had not the Power 
 of Truth obliged him to inform Pofterity, that "John of Najfaii 
 was really guilty of the Crime imputed to him. The old 
 Saying : Moguntia ab aniiquo nequam, ( <3- ) or Mayence always 
 
 nought^ 
 
 {a) This Saying, doubtlefs, had its Rife from the worthlefs Charafter and Condufl; of feme 
 of the Archbifliof s of Mayence in ancient Times. The Writers of that See however, 
 in order to give it a favourale Derivation, fay, that about thirteen Hundred and Cxty 
 two Years before the Chriftian jEra, a Company of Sorcerers having been banilhedfrom 
 
 the. 
 
i68 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brun swick, 
 
 nought^ was at this Time revived, and feme uncouth and bar- 
 barous Verfes, written with a View to keep up the Memory 
 of this Affaffination and its Abettor, were handed about, whereof 
 it will not be improper to mention the five following : 
 
 Regula non ficta Nequam Mogimtia didia : 
 
 Germen Pilati nunc denuo virificati, 
 
 Sicut dum vixit iterum Chrifturn crucifixit, 
 
 Namque Ducem firavit F rider icum^ qui quafi David, 
 Bnmjuig protexit, gentemque fuam bene rexit. 
 
 We may with great Juftice apply to Frederic what Suetonius 
 fays of the Death oFFitus : that his being fo fuddenly cut off 
 from amo?ig the Living was a greater Lofs to Mankind than 
 to himfelf-, for, indeed, his untimely Fate was univerfally de- 
 plored, as if the Empire had been deprived of a perpetual Pro^ 
 tedlor. He left no Male Ifihe, and the Right of Promigeniture 
 was fet again afide by his Family. 
 
 Henry of the The Emperor Frederic, was fucceeded in his Dominions by 
 his Brothers Henry and Bernhard. They ruled jointly for nine 
 Years, after which they made a Partition ; Brunfwick fell to 
 Bernhard'^ Share, and Luneburg to Henry j feme Years after 
 their Families exchanged their Dominions ; Henry' & Pofierity kept 
 Brunfwick, and IjiJieburg became the Property of Bernhard 
 and his Heirs. 
 
 Both Brothers employed the firfl; three Years of their Reign 
 in the War, they had undertaken againft the Archbifhop of 
 
 Houfe of 
 Brunfwick. 
 
 Table III. 
 and V. 
 
 the City of Treves, had under a certain Leader, named Nequam, retired near the Place 
 where Mayence now Hands, where having at firfl: pitched Tents, a great Number of 
 People from all Parts reforted to them, whereby Nequam was at length enabled to 
 lay tlie Foundations of the City of Mayence. They add further, that a great Stone was 
 once found, (but they do not fay where) with thefe Words engraved upon it: Verte 
 inuenies, and that the Stene having been turned with much Pains, in Hopes to find a 
 great Treafure under it, the follovvirg Words were difeovered on the other Side : Moguntia 
 ab antiquo Nequam. This they pretend to be the Origin of that Saying, and to fignify 
 no more, than that Mayence had been built by one called Nequam. 
 
 Mayence 
 
169 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 Mayence and the Count of Waldeck^ during which Time many 
 military Exploits happened between them ; feveral Cities, Towns 
 and Villages were deftroyed, and thefe Hoflilities would have 
 been carried to ftill greater Lengths, had not their Difference 
 been adjufted and Peace reeflabliflied by the Intervention of 
 Friends on both Sides. 
 
 Henry did not long enjoy the Fruits of this Peace ; Difputes 
 arofe between him and Bernhard Count of Lippe^ which obliged 
 him to take the Field again. Bernhard with a View to be a 
 Match for his Adverfary, had allied himfelf with feveral of his 
 Neighbours, notwithftanding which, Henry alone ventured to 
 attack him and his Allies near Oderberg on the Wejer j how- 
 ever the Iffue of the Battle anfwered not his Expectation, 
 for he had the Misfortune to be taken Prifoner, and to be 
 conducted to the Caftle of Falckenberg^ where the Count 
 of Lippe^ to make the moft of his Prifoner, exaCted a great 
 Ranfom of him. Henry difcharged a Part of it immediately, 
 and promifed to pay the Reft at ftated Times j but when 
 the Emperor Rupert came to be informed of the Frivolouf- 
 nefs of the War, the Count had carried on, he annulled Henry' ^ 
 Promife, and put the Count and his Adherents to the Ban 
 of the Empire. Hefpy himfelf had the Execution of the Ban 
 committed to him, and in Confequence thereof demolifhed 
 the Caftle of Falckenberg and took the City of Horn^ with feveral 
 other Places. 
 
 Some Years after this Emperor held a Diet at Frankfort on 
 the Mayny whereat Henry alhfted, and whither the Kings of 
 England and France being invited, fent their refpeCtive Ambaf- 
 fadors. The Purport of this Meeting was to deliberate on the 
 confufed State, Chriftendom was then in, owing to the Struggles 
 that happened between contending Popes. This was not a Time 
 to fay, ‘ that Rome was, wherefoever the Pope refided, as People 
 were wont to fay formerly, that wherefoever the Emperor was, 
 there was Rome ; fince for many Y ears together there had been 
 
 Z tw© 
 
jyo Memoirs of the H'oufe B r u n s w i c k. 
 
 two Popes, the one at Rome^ and the other at Avignon^ who 
 fulminated Excommunications agairtft each other to the Afto- 
 niflmient and Scandal of all good Chriftians j at this very Time 
 there happened to be three, one at Rome^ another at Rimini, and 
 a third in Spain. How zealous foever the Diet appeared to 
 put a. Stop to the Deftrudions arifing from this unfettled State of 
 (he Church, nothing was then agreed upon, but that a general 
 Council Ihould be held, which alfembled accordingly at Conjiance 
 not long after. 
 
 The Character fome Hiftorians have given Henry, redounds 
 much to his Honour, he being reprefented by them as an indefa- 
 tigable Enemy of fuch as purfued wicked Courfes, particularly 
 of thofe that plundered or even molefled Travellers, on which 
 Account fome have given him the Title of Kmg of the Heaths, and 
 Forefs. Others accufe him of having been rigoroufly juft, and 
 to prove their Alfertion, they relate the following Story : That 
 having once refolved upon a Progrefs to Luneburg, he fent before 
 him the Bailift' of Zelle. That a fudden Froft having happened, 
 this Man, to defend himfelf againft the Rigour of the Seafon^ had 
 made free with a Coat, that lay near the Road and belonged to 
 a Farmer, then at his Plow. That Henry having followed the 
 fame Road a few Hours after, had been flopped by the Farmer, 
 who made Complaints againfl the Bailiff j and that hereupon 
 Henry at his Return ordered the Cafe to be judged upon the 
 Spot of Ground where the Coat had lain, and that the Bailiff, 
 not being able to deny, that he had taken the Coat againft the 
 Farmers Will, had been hanged as a Highwayman on the next 
 Tree by JT^;zry’s Order, who for Want of a Halter lent his Bridle, 
 that the Sentence might be forthwith put into Execution. This 
 Prince died in the Year 1416. and left by his firfl Wife Sophia, 
 Daughter of Wratifaus VI. Duke of Pomerania, one Son named 
 William j and by his fecond Wife Margaret, Daughter of Herman 
 Landgrave of Hejfe, another named Henry j thefe two Sons were 
 the Founders of the two Lines, oiCalenberg, and QiWoljfenbuttel. 
 
 Bernhard 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 171 
 
 Bernhard y the other Brother of the Emperor Frederic y 
 the County of Homburg from its laft Poffelfor {a)y and joined the Luneburg. 
 City of Ultzen to the Dutchy of Luneburg. He demolifhed the jjj 
 Caftle of Klozecky or Klotzey which belonged to the Family of and \'l. 
 ^itzoUy much known in Hiftory for their Spirit of Rebellion W h° 9 - 
 againft their lawful Sovereigns, and at that Time very confide- 
 Table for their large Poffefiions in the Marck of Brandenburg and 
 in the Dutchy of Luneburg. He was alfo engaged in a War 
 agalnft yodocus and ProcopiuSy Marggraves of Moraviay who 
 then were Mailers of the Marck of Brandenburgy and he con- 
 quered from them the City of Schnackenburgy which he incor- 
 porated into his Dominions. 
 
 The Military Art came to be much improved in his Time ; 
 Gunpowder and Fire-Arms had been invented in the laft Cen- 
 tury by Berthold SchwartZy a German Monk, wherof the Ufe 
 became common from the Year 1380, when the Venetians ex- 
 perienced the Ufefulnefs of thefe mifchievous Implements in 
 their War againft the Genoefey particularly in the Siege of Ld 
 Chiufa ; fo that hereby the European Nations, were taught to 
 give, as it were. Wings to Lead and Iron, and to multiply 
 the Inftruments of Slaughter and Deftrudlion. In the Emperor 
 Frederic's Time, Guns and Pieces of Ordinance had already been 
 introduced in the Dominions of the Houfe of Brunfwicky but 
 their Number was much augmented under his Brother Berjihardy 
 who befides thofe of common Size, caufed an extraordinary 14U. 
 one to be caft at Brunfwicky which was called the Faule Mette. 
 
 This remarkable Piece is flill preferved in the Arfenal of that 
 City j it weighs nine Tuns, difcharges a Ball of above Six- 
 hundred Weight, and fifty two Pounds of Powder are required 
 to load it. 
 
 Some Years after great Difputes happened in the City of 
 Brunfwick: The Canons excommunicated the Burghers : and, in 
 Return, the Priefls, who fided with the City, excommunicated 
 the Canons ; which caufed fo much Confufion, that moft of the 
 
 Z 2 Churches 
 
1 7 2 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 Churches were fhut up, and the Priefts obliged to read Mafs 
 in the Church Yards. The Burghers demanded Affiftance from 
 the Bifhops of Hildejheim and of Halberjiadt^ but the latter 
 being engaged in a Conteft with his own Subjects, declined 
 taking Part in their Q^rrel. They had better Succefs in the 
 Application they made to the Bilhop of Hildejheim^ he in Con- 
 junction with fome Troops of the Bilhop of Mimjier and other 
 Allies marched immediately to their Alfiftance. Bernhard who 
 was juftly difpleafed at this Prelate’s meddling in Affairs that 
 did not concern him, foon raifed an Army ftrong enough to 
 cope with him j he took the Field, prevented his approaching 
 the City of Brunfwick and worfted him three different Times, 
 1422. '^'i^ AJlfeburg^ OJlerwyck and Grune. The Bifhop being 
 
 difheartened by thefe repeated Defeats, at length gave up his 
 Defign, which afforded Bernhard an Opportunity to reconcile 
 the Canons with the Burghers, and to reflore Peace to the City 
 of Brunfwick. 
 
 He died in the Year 1434. and left by his Wife Margaret^ 
 Daughter of Wencejlam Eledor of Saxony, two Sons, Otho, and 
 Frederic furnamed the Pious 5 both fucceeded him in their Turns.. 
 
 O T H 07 ^ , 
 
 ERICHS Grubenhagen. 
 
 WILLIAM the Elder or the ViStorious at Calenberg. 
 HENRY the Pacific k at Wolffenbuttel. 
 
 OTHO 7 
 
 FREDERIC xhtPiousK Ltmeburg. 
 
 Oiho of the Otho fucceeded his Father Frederic in the States belonging to 
 Uint oi Grubenhagen, his Reign, which lafted 7 Years, was 
 mild and peacable. He died in 1411. and left by his Wife 
 lable III, g(-ijQgj2eftaCo\mXtkoiNa[[au, but one Daughter named Hdelheid, 
 who was married to Bogijlaus V. Duke of Pomerania ; His 
 Poffeffions fell to his Coufin Erich of the fame Line. 
 
 Erich 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 173' 
 
 Erich fcarce pofTeffed of his Inheritance, but he had a Erich of the 
 War to maintain againft the Counts of Hohnjiein, who laidbenLgen/"^ 
 Claim to the County of Liitterberg. They foon came to a Battle, 
 which was fought near a Village called Ojierhagen^ wherein 
 Erich loft a great Number of Men, but had the Advantage to 
 keep the Field of Battle. Not many Years ago, in the Neigh-^ 
 bourhood of this Village were dug up feveral Gold Rings, long 
 Knives, Clubs, Battle-Axes, and other Weapons, ufed in thofe 
 Times, which are thought to be Relicks of this Battle. He 
 died in 1431, and left by his Wife Elizabeth^ Daughter of Otho 
 the Strong of the Line of Gottingen^ three Sons, Erneji^ Henry ^ 
 and Albert. Erneji having accepted of the Provoftftilp of the 
 Dome at Eimbeck, Henry fucceeded his Father, and after his 
 Death Albert came alfo to the Pofteftion of the Principality of 
 Grubenhagen. 
 
 William tht Elder, Soa of Henry, and as has been obferved William of 
 above, the Founder of the Line of Calenberg, was a Prince 
 markable for his martial Temper, and on account of his having y 
 fought and gained feveral great Battles, had the Surname of 
 ViSlorim given him. 
 
 He, in Conjundtion with Frederic, Marggrave of Mifnia, 
 marched an Army againft the HnUites in Bohemia, who, through 
 the imprudent Condudl of Wencejlaus, and his Brother Sigifmuiid,. 
 had got to fuch a Head, that much Time pafted before Tran- 
 quillity could be reftored to that Kingdom. The Univerfity 
 of Prague was fo famous in the Reign of Wencejlaus, that no 
 lefs than 44,000 Students are faid to have been there at a Time ; 
 whereof the much greater Part were Germans, and created many 
 Vexations to the Bohemians, who, compared with them, were 
 but few in Number. The Bohemians applied to John Hufs, a 
 Bohemian by Birth, and Profeftbr at Prague, who aftured them, 
 that he would caufe the German Students to leave Prague very 
 foon of their own Accord. The Univerfity of Prague having 
 been formed by Charles IV. on the Model of that of Paris, Hufs 
 
 requefted. 
 
^74 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 
 
 requefted, that in the Confultations that were held concerning 
 Affairs of the Univerfity, the Natives might be allowed to have 
 three Votes, and the Strangers but one. The Germans^ who had 
 been hitherto in Poffeffion of three Votes, refufed to admit of this 
 Reform, and threatened to leave Prague. JVeficeJlaus could have 
 eahly adjufted this Difpute in the Beginning, but he delayed it, 
 on account that both Parties made him Prefents j nay, their 
 Variance affedled him fo little, that he was heard to fay in a jo- 
 cular Manner (alluding to the Signification of the Word Hufs in 
 the Bohemian Language) : Pbat Hufs wai a fine Goofie^ as he laid 
 him golden Eggs^ and that he was not at all concerned to fee both 
 Parties tear each other in Pieces. At length Hufs prevailed j 
 1409. whereupon 40,000 of the foreign Students left Prague in one 
 Day, a great Part whereof reforted to Leipzig^ and wgre the 
 Occafion of an Univerfity being founded there. Hufs now af- 
 fumed a greater Authority, and began openly to inffrudl his Party 
 in the Tenets of Wiclefi. At this Time two 'Etiglifij Students re- 
 forting to Prague^ caufed the Pidture of the Pope with his Pripk 
 Crown to be drawn on one Side of the Walls of their Chamber, 
 and on the other Chrijl fitting on an Afs, and making his Entry 
 into ferufalem. Several Thoufands went to fee thefe Pidtures ; 
 Hufs approved of them,, but the other Profeffors of the Univerfity, 
 who had been great Lofers by the Departure of the foreign 
 Students, together with the greatefi: Part of the Inhabitants, were 
 fcandalized at it, and at length an open Infurredlion enfued. 
 Wencefiaus, infiead of quelling this Tumult, remained quiet. 
 Sigifmundj his Brother, who then was Emperor, had a Council 
 ,414. affembled at Confiance^ whither Hufs was fummoned to give an 
 Account of his Dodlrinej and having obtained the Emperor’s Safe- 
 Condudl to come and retire unmolefied, he appeared there, but 
 was imprifoned, condemned to the Flames, and burnt with his 
 Writings in 1415. 
 
 This Breach of the Emperor’s Word, ferved as a Signal to the 
 Bobe?nians to raife up in Arms. A great Part of thofe, that had 
 
 been 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick, 
 been Enemies to Hufs^ joined with his Difciples, although they^ 
 were of a difFererent Perfuafion in Point of Dodrine ; whereby 
 it evidently appears, that this Infurredion, which afterwards pro- 
 duced fo great a Change in religious Matters in Bohemia^ was 
 not at firfl fo much owing to religious Motives, as to a juft 
 Refentment of the bafe Condud of the Emperor, and of the 
 Council of Conjlance towards Hufs, Wencejlaus {Q2,x\ng 2in Ai~ 
 tack from the Burghers of Prague, ordered them to bring their 
 Arms to his Palace. This Step widened the Breach. One yohn 
 de Proznova by Name, commonly called Xijka, advifed the In- 
 habitants, to go in a Body with their Arms to the Palace, and 
 he conduding them thither, allced the King, Whither were the 
 'Enemies againjl whom they were to fight by the King's Command"^ 
 Wencefiaus was much ftartled at the Refolution of the Burghers^, 
 and kindly intreated Zijka to return in Peace with his People. 
 The. Intrepidity Zijka fhewed on this OcCafion, loon procured 
 him the Efteem and Confidence of the Inhabitants, whereby his 
 Party grew fo powerful, that when the Magiftrates of that Part 
 of Prague, called the New City, attempted to oppofe him, they 
 found him an Over- match for them : for having unexpedediy 
 furrounded the Place where they met, he threw thirteen of the 
 Aldermen out of the Windows, whom the Populace below 
 received upon Pikes and Halbards. Wencefiaus foon after this 
 died without Iffue, and his Brother Sigifimund, who was already 
 Emperor and King of Hungary, laid Claim to the Kingdom of 
 Bohemia. The Bohemians, to a Man, refufed to acknowledge 
 him for their Sovereign, on account that John Hufis, and Jerome 
 of Prague his Collegue, had been burnt at Confiance by his Con- 
 fent. However, Sigifimund called a Diet at Brinn in Moravia, 
 where fome Bohemians appeared, and complained of the Infringe- 
 ment of the Emperor’s Safe-Condud given to Hufis. Sigifimund 
 might ftill have gained the Hearts of the Bohemians, had he not 
 by an untimely Rigour confirmed the Hatred they bore him j by 
 continuing to purfue his impolitick Scheme, he fo far alienated 
 
 their 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 tlieir AfFedtions from him, that they determined for War without 
 the leaft Hefitatiom All thofe that engaged againft Sigifmund 
 upon this Occalion, went by the general Name of HuJJites^ and 
 the War itfelf had its Denomination from them. It began in 
 the Year 1418, and lafted 18 Years. Zijka marched before 
 Prague, and conquered that Part of the City which is called the 
 Kleine Seite^ and though Sigifmund led thither an Army of 
 150,000 Men in the Year 1420, he was not able, with fo 
 powerful an Army, to get the better of his Enemies, who were 
 fo little afraid of him, that they never fliut the Gates of the City 
 all the Time he lay before it. During his Stay here, four Ar- 
 ticles relating to Religion, were propofed by the HuJJites^ which 
 Sigifmund thought fit to pafs over in Silence, in order to get him- 
 felf crowned in the Caftle of Prague^ which then was in his 
 Polfeflion ; but the Ceremony being once over. Matters returned 
 to the fame warlike Situation they were in before. 
 
 In the Year J421 William joined his Troops to thofe of 
 Frederic^ Marggrave of Mifnia^ and marched againft the Huffites, 
 The Emperor Sigifmund was now making War againft the Purki 
 in Hungary, William and Frederic, at the Head of their re- 
 fpeftive Bodies, entered the Circles of Ellenbogen and Satz, in 
 the former of which, William laid Siege to the Caftle of that 
 Name, where the HuJJites had a ftrong Garrifon. They obfti- 
 nately defended the Place, and by repeated Sallies much annoyed 
 and harrafted William' % Troops j whereupon he refolved to make 
 a general Afiault, which proved fo fuccefsful to him, that he 
 made himfelf Mafter of the Caftle within a Fortnight after it 
 had been invefted. From thence he marched to Egra, which 
 he alfo poftefled himfelf of, and having placed there a proper 
 Garrifon, he joined near Briick or Brix. A large Detach- 
 
 ment of Hufites attempted to oppofe their Jundion, but they were 
 inftantly routed j whereupon the two Princes immediately laid 
 Siege to Bruch, which at that Time had a Caftle that was thought 
 impregnable. They received a Reinforcement and attacked the 
 
 Caftle 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 Caftle at three different Places j the Garrifon did all that was in 
 their Power to defend themfelves, but were at length obliged to 
 accept of a Capitulation, and to furrender to the victorious Arms 
 of William and Frederic. 
 
 About this Time Albert III. who was the laft EleCtor of Saxony 
 of the Anhaltine Race, died without Iffue. The Extinction of 
 this Family had fomething particular in it. The EleCtor Ru- 
 dolph \\\. was poifoned by the Bohemians^ his two Sons, Wence- 
 jlaus and Sigifmiindy were crufhed to Death by a Tower that fell 
 upon them at Schwehiitz, and his Brother Albert III. was fo 
 much terrified by a Fire, that happened in a Iloufe, where 
 he lodged upon a Hunting-Match, that it caufed his Death. 
 The Houfe of Briinfwick ought to have fucceeded in the. 
 Electorate of Saxony^ if not on account of the juft Claims this 
 Family had to thefe Dominions, which were a Part of their 
 ancient Family States ; at leafl: by Right of the Treaty of Con- 
 fraternity and mutual Succeffion, made between the Houfes of 
 Saxony and Brunjwick^ in the Year 1389, as has been faid above,. 
 Nay, Frederic I. EleCtor of Brandenburg., was fo fenfible of this, 
 that at the very Time he put in for a Share of the Saxon Do^ 
 minions, he reprefented to the Emperor Sigiftnund, that Juftice 
 required of him, to invefl the Houfe of Bru 7 ifwick with the 
 Electorate. But Sigifmimd, in Confideration of a large Sum of 
 Money, paid him by Frederic, Marggrave of Mifnia, had, fome 
 Years before the Extinction of the Houfe of Saxony, fecretly given 
 him the Reverfion of that Electorate, and in Spite of all Repre- 
 fentations, at this Time, invelted Frederic v/ith it. The Houfe 
 of Brimjhvick had undoubtedly no fmall Reafon to be dilgufted 
 at this Injuflice of the Emperor, and it feems, that it was upon 
 this Account, that William, at this Time, withdrew the Troops 
 he had led to Boheinia agamft the HuJJites. 
 
 Henry III. Count of Holjlein and Duke of Slefwick, wns then en- 
 gaged in a War againfi: £r;V/a X. ¥Jmgo^ Denmark, whohadpof- 
 fefied himfelfof the Dutchy of Slefwick, and refufed to deliver it 
 
 A a up 
 
 177 
 
 1422. 
 
178 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick.' 
 
 up to him, unlefs upon very hard Conditions. The Emperor St- 
 gif?nund countenanced his Proceedings, but the Pope declared him- 
 felf in Favour of the Duke of Slefwick. Henry found, that a good 
 Army would be the bed Means to decide this Difpute, and for 
 this Reafon defired in Marriage a Princefs of the Houfe of 
 Brunfwick^ whereby he engaged William in his Intereft. Thus 
 an Army of 30,000 Men was brought into the Field, which fur- 
 1427 - prized the HaniJI: Troops at Break of Day near Fle^ijbiirg^ 
 Erich gave Way, but foon rallied his Troops, whereupon a ge- 
 neral Fight enfued. A prodigious Number fell on both Sides, 
 but the Briinfwick Troops, encouraged by the Bravery of their 
 Commander, broke at different Times the Ranks of the Danes^ 
 notwithdanding their obftinate Refiftance, and at length gained a 
 compleat Victory, which redounded much to Duke Willia?n's 
 Honour. After this they laid Siege to Flenjburg^ but Henry 
 being among the foremolf in fcaling that City, had the Misfortune 
 to lofe his Life by a Piece of Timber, thrown upon him from the 
 Walls. His intended Bride was fo much fhocked at the News 
 of it, that fhe could never be perfuaded to marry afterwards. Hi- 
 florians have been negled;ful in mentioning her Name, but it is 
 probable, that fhe was one of the Daughters of Erich of the Line 
 of Grubenhagen^ two of whom were unmarried and died Abbeffes 
 of GanderJljcim. 
 
 William^ after he was returned to his Dominions, made Pre- 
 parations for a Journey to the Holy Land. He recommended 
 his Wife and Children to the Care of his Brother Henry the 
 Pacifick^ and fet out on his intended Pilgrimage in the Year 
 1430- On his Return through Aujiria, he paid a Vifit to 
 Frederic IV. who had married his firft Coufin Ann^ Daughter 
 of the Emperor Frederic. Philip furnamed the Goody Duke of 
 Burgundy, was then making Preparations for a War againft 
 Charles VII. King of France, to be revenged upon him for 
 having, when Dolphin, procured the Death of his Father John 
 the Intrepid, at a friendly Interview at Monterau in Champagne. 
 
 Charles 
 
179 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 Charles defired the Affiftance of the Duke of Aujiria^ which was 
 complied with, and William the ViSiorious took upon him to 
 lead the Aujirian Troops in this Expedition. He pafied the 
 Rhine ^ entered Burgundy^ and made there fo powerful a Diverhoii 
 in Favour of the King of France^ that it may be reafonably 
 thought, this did not a little contribute towards the Peace, which 
 Philip concluded with the French at Arras fome Years after. 
 
 During thefe Tranfadlions, Sigifmund preffed a new William 
 and feveral other Princes of the Empire, to fend Troops againft 
 the Huffites. Zijka was now dead, after having gained thirteen 
 Battles againft the Emperor. His Death, though it caufed fome 
 Alterations in the Affairs of the FluJJites^ did not diftiearten them, 
 they ftill feemed refolute, and exprefled a great Zeal for the Ad- 
 vancement of the common Caufe. Procopius^ Zijka's, Uncle, put 
 himfelf at their Head, and beat in 1425. the Aujirian 
 which Albert V. afterwards Emperor, had led againft them : in 
 the following Year a ftrong Army of Mifnians and other Germans 
 had the fame Misfortune near AuJJig ; twelve thoufand Men 
 were cut in Pieces on this Occafton, whereupon Procopius fcaled 
 the City of AuJJig^ and put all the Inhabitants to the Sword. 
 The Emperor, who imagined, that a Superiority of Forces would 
 afliire him the Victory, led in the Year 1427. through Saxony^ 
 Franconia and Bavaria, three fine Armies to Bohemia, but his En- 
 deavours were fruitlefs, the Hu/Jites always got the better of him. 
 There was however a Poflibility of ending the War in the Year 
 following, had the Emperor confented to a fmall Provifion for 
 Procopius, but the Irrefolution he ftiewed in this Relpecft, made 
 the Negotiation come to nothing. Hereupon the Hijjues in 
 1429. entered Germany, and having burnt and cut in 
 
 Pieces the Inhabitants of the City of Giiben, laid all the Country, 
 as far as Magfhurg, under Contribution. The next Year they 
 burned the Cities of Plauen, Culmbach, Bar euth •, 
 
 Niirinberg and the Cities in Bavaria paid large Sums to avoid 
 the Ruin, they were threatened with, and a great Number of 
 
 People 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 People flocked for Refuge to Brunfmck. Procopius had at that 
 Time an Army of 22000 Horfe, and 52000 Foot, and was 
 followed, in his Return to Bohemia,, by 3000 Wagons loaded 
 with Booty. The Number of Cities and Caflles reduced to 
 Alhes, during this Year only, amounted to above an Hundred. 
 In the Year 1431. Pope Martin V. in Hopes to exterminate the 
 Hujjites, fent Cardinal ‘JuUaniis to Germany, who raifed an Army 
 of 130,000 Men for this Purpofe. But when they were on the 
 Point of fighting a decifive Battle near Pans in Bohetnia, fuch 
 a Panick feized upon the Germans, that fome took to Flight 
 before the firfl Onfet began, and this they did with fo much Pre- 
 cipitation, that they abandoned all their Baggage and Riches, 
 among which the Hujjites found the Cardinals Crofs with his 
 gaudy Veflments, which afforded them no fmall Matter of Di- 
 verfion. Procopius having engaged the next Morning thofe that 
 had flood their Ground, killed iiooo,, difperfed the Refl, and 
 took 150 Pieces of Canon. The Year following he fell again 
 upon Mifnia, advanced as far as Leipzig, and burned the Town 
 of Paucha, with feveral other Places. At length the Prelates 
 affembled at the Council of Bajil, to put a Stop to thofe Rar 
 vages and Devaflations, took upon them to reconcile Matters. For 
 this Purpofe Procopius was invited thither, where he came, 
 attended by 300 Horfe, and after fome Conferences, prevailed 
 upon the Council, to grant the four following Articles of Rer 
 ligion, he was commiflioned to infifl upon : “ that the Word 
 “ of God fhould be preached among the Bohemians without 
 “ Molellation j that the People fliould be at Liberty to take 
 “ the Lord’s Supper in both Kinds j that a Stop fhould be 
 “ put to the Acquifitions of the Clergy ; and that all Sins 
 “ againfl God’s Law flaould be feverely punifhed.” Thefe 
 Articles being agreed upon, the States of Bohemia appointed 
 Alexius Wrzflowjky, Lord-Lieutenant of that Kingdom, which 
 occafioned a Mifunderflanding between them and Procopius, 
 who was fo much flifpleafed at it, tliat he threatened his 
 
 Country 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe of B r u n s-w i c k. 
 
 Country with Fire and Sword, and adlually laid Siege to the City 
 of PiJfe?2. Thus were the Bohemians divided among themfelves, 
 whereby foon after was verified, what the Emperor Sigifmund 
 ufed to fay, Phat the Bohem.ians could not be conquered but by 
 Bohemians, William the Vibdorious^ at his Requelf, b:cked by 
 that of the Fatliers of the Council, marched before New Prague^ 
 which was the Capital and the ftrongeft Hold of the Huffites j 
 here he joined his Troops with thofe of the States of Bohemia^ 
 who had taken up Arms againfl Procopius and his Affociates. 
 A.S Procopius had left a numerous Garrifon in this City, it was ap- 
 prehended, that much Time would be required to reduce it ; 
 but fuch was the Bravery of the Beliegers, that the Place furren- 
 dered in a fhort Time j to the inexpreffible Grief of Procopius^ 
 who, upon hearing of it, raifed the Siege of Pilfeny and burned 
 his Camp, with fo much Precipitation, that a great Part of the 
 Wounded perifhed in the Flames, His Rage was fo great, that 
 he made an Oath to extirpate all the Nobility in that Kingdom, 
 Biould it coft him his Life. Agreeable hereto, he offered Battle 
 to the States, and, it is faid, that they would have had but a bad 
 Chance againfl him, had he been better provided with Horfej 
 for Want of which he lofl the Day, and was himfelf found 
 amongfl the Dead. The Prifoners made in this Battle, were put 
 in Barns and burned to Death, and the HuJjiteSy after this Over- 
 throw, not being able to bring an Army into the Field, Peace 
 W’as at length reflored to Bohemia. 
 
 William was not engaged in this lafl Adion, but returned to 
 his Dominions, upon the Redudion of the City abovementioned. 
 Some Time after Difputes arofe between him and the Archbifliop 
 of MayencCy which drew on a War. Their Troops met near 
 the Caflle of Homburgy where William proved To fuccefsful, that 
 he obtained a fignal Vidory over this Prelate, who was thereby 
 conflrained to fue for Peace. William afterwards affifled Gerhard 
 Count of Oldcnburgy againfl MauricCy one of the fame Family, 
 who claimed the County of Delmenhorji, Maurice had many 
 
 Allies I 
 
 l8i 
 
 1434. 
 
 1443. 
 
i 82 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 Allies ; but William^ notwithftanding the Superiority of tlie 
 146Z. Enemy’s Troops, attacked them near Siberg^ and broke into 
 their Ranks with uncommon Bravery. It Is obferved by Hifto- 
 rians, that a great Number fell by his own Hand, and that though 
 he had the Misfortune to be thrown from his Horfe in the Heat 
 of the Battle, and furrounded on all Sides, he, with great Cou- 
 rage and Prefence of Mind, fought his Way through the Enemy, 
 recovered a Horfe, and after an obftinate Fight, which lafted 
 feveral Flours, remained Mafter of the Field of Battle. 
 
 We ought not to omit, that William was much difappointed 
 in the Opinion, he had of his Brother Henry the Facifick^ when 
 he intrufted him with the Care of his Wifoand Children, du- 
 ring the Time he made his Journey to the Holy Land. Henry, 
 inftead of acquitting himfelf of this Truft with Fidelity, turned 
 his Brother’s Wife and Children out of theCaftle oiWolffenbuttel, 
 and made himfelf Mafter of almoft all the Country of Brimf- 
 %vick. So unexpefted a Proceeding was Matter of general Sur- 
 prize, as Henry had before that Time the Reputation of being a 
 Prince remarkable for his peaceable and quiet Difpofitlon. This 
 brought a Slur upon his Character ; but what feems to palliate 
 his Crime in fome Meafure is, that the Citizens of Brunfwick, 
 who difliked to be under an adlive Prince, were the chief Authors 
 of this Faft. Howbeit William was fo incenfed at his Brother’s 
 Breach of Trufl, that he came to an open Rupture with him. 
 The War was carried on between them with great Animofity, 
 and caufed much Defolation throughout the Country of Brunf- 
 u'ick, but was at length happily terminated, by the Interpofition 
 of their refpedlive Friends. William., fo juflly famed for his 
 Valour, gave on this Occafion a fignal Proof of his being no lefs 
 magnanimous and difinterefted, for he not'only reconciled him- 
 felf with his Brother, but fat down contented with a far lefs 
 Share of Territories, than what he was intitled to. He was after- 
 wards amply rewarded by Providence for his Greatnefs of Soul ; 
 fomany Territories gradually devolved to him, that he had no 
 
 Reafon 
 
183; 
 
 Memoirs of the Hoiife ^Brunswick. 
 
 Reafon to repent of having facrificed his Interefl to the publick 
 Tranquillity. He acquired the County of Hallermund in the 
 Year 1435 , the County of Wunjiorff \n the Year 1447 , the 
 County of Wolpe in the Year 1460, and Otho Cocks ^ the laft 
 of the Line of Gottingen^ happening to die three Years after, 1^63. 
 the whole Succeffion of that Line fell to him. At length his 
 Brother Henry departing this Life without Male IlTue, he became 1473. 
 pofleifed of all the States, that had ever belonged to the Dutchy 
 of Brwifwick. 
 
 “ William from that Time kept his Refidence at Wolffenbiittel. 
 
 Few Princes or Generals in any Age come up with him in the 
 Number of his Vidtories, and much fewer hill in the Number of 
 his Years j for he lived to the Year 1482, and then died at the very 
 uncommon Age of Ninety. He left by his Wife Ccc cilia Daughter 
 of Frederic I, Elector of Brandenburgs two '^ovcisWilliam furnamed 
 the Younger and FrederiCy who divided their Father’s Dominions : 
 
 William refided at Wolffenbuitel and Frederic at Calenberg. 
 
 Few Things of Note are faid of Henry furnamed the P^- Henry the 
 ciHcK 'Q'toXhtr oi William tht Vi dhriousy by the Iliftorians ofhiSr^^‘^'^^?//!l? 
 Time. The TranlaCtions he was concerned in, appear toofenbuttel. 
 minute to claim a Place here : wherefore we flaall content our- 
 felves to fay, that he is reported to have been frugal without 
 Avarice, and to have left large Sums in his Coffres at his Death, 
 which happened in the Year 1473. has been faid 
 
 no Male Iffue by his Wife Helenas Daughter of Adolph Duke 
 of Cle-veSy fo that his PofTeffion fell of Courfe to William the 
 Victorious his Brother. 
 
 Otho Son of Beruhard of the Houfe of Luneburgs was niuchotho ofthe 
 beloved on Account of his exad; and impartial Adminiftration of Houfe of Lu- 
 Juftice. Among the Praifes bellowed on him, by the Writers 
 of the Age he lived in, we meet with this remarkable one, that. Table VI. 
 to Ihew the tender Concern he had for his Subjedls, he con- 
 tinually fent out Detachments to fcour the Roads, which were 
 at that Time much infefted by Gangs of Robbers. 
 
 Nicolauses 
 
1 84 Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 
 
 Nicolaus Archbifhop of Bremen^ encouraged by 0 /^o’sCha- 
 radter, put himfelf and his See under his Protedtion. In thofe 
 Days were greatly in Vogue the famous Fehde* Sy DiffidationeSy 
 or ChallengeSy fo called from a Letter of Defiance, fent to the 
 Party, againfi: whom War was refolved, three Days before any 
 Hofiilities were committed. This was then the favourite Way 
 of deciding Differences, lawlefs Power took Place of Juftice, 
 the Conqueror was always thought to be in the Right and 
 the vanquifhed obliged to fubmit to his Terms, howfoever 
 iniquitous, Thefe Wars were feldom confined to the Prin- 
 cipals that were at Variance together, each Party got Allies, 
 fo that fmall Differences oftentimes drew after them the 
 Ruin of whole Countries. The Provinces bordering on the 
 Territories of the contending Parties were ufed to fhare their 
 Fates, which obliged fuch Cities and Principalities, as were 
 apprehenfive of thefe Inconveniences, to put themfelves under 
 the Protection of fome powerful Prince in the Neighbourhood, 
 or to enter into Alliance with the Affociation of the RlsinCy the 
 Society of St. George in Suabiay or that of the Hans Towns. It 
 is not exactly known, when thefe Diffidationes or Challenges firfh 
 came in Vogue, but it is pretty certain, that they were utterly abo- 
 lifhed in the Year 1495. when by the common Confent of the 
 States of the Empire, and with their Participation, a regular 
 Court of Judicature was eftabliflied, to be kept in fome City in 
 (rt) (^)> where the Injured might complain of the Wrongs 
 
 eftabiiO.ed at done them and get Redrefs. Germany y for this Purpofe, was 
 fhe Mayn °af- divided firft into fix, and afterwards into ten Circles, one or two 
 terwards re- of the Princes of cach Circle were made the Directors of it, and 
 Spkrs, Tnd is was ordered, that to them fliould be committed the Execution 
 MW kept at of the Decrees, this Court of Judicature fliould pronounce. 
 
 Otbo had married Heirefs of the County of 
 
 Jleiny by Virtue of whofe Right, that County fell to the Houfe 
 of Brunfwick after her Father’s Death, who left no Male Ifi'ue. 
 The Caflle of Hachmclen and the City of Borgdorffy with its 
 
 Territories 
 
Mmoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 185 
 
 Territories were alfo annexed to his Dominions. He died with- 
 out Iflue, and his Brother Frederic fucceeded him. 
 
 Frederic of the Houfe of Luneburg^ Son of Bernhard^ was Frederick the 
 furnamed the Pious alfo the on account of his 
 plary Life. He fucceeded his Brother Otho in the Year i445.neburg. 
 
 In his Time the City of Luneburg, being much indebted, in- ^able VI. 
 treated the Prelates and the other Clergy, that received Rents 
 from the Saltpits in that City, to give up for a certain Number 
 of Years the Moiety of thefe Rents towards the Difcharge of 
 the Debts. This they remfed to comply with, and upon the 
 City’s infilling upon it, carried their Complaints before the Pope. 
 
 Frederic, partly on this Account and partly moved by Devotion, 
 made a Journey to Rome in the Year 1450, and took upon him 
 to follicit in Behalf of the City ; but his Efforts were without 
 Succefs. The Prelates with the other Clergy obtained a Sentence 
 in their Favour, and this gave Occafion to great Commotions in 
 the City of Luneburg, which lafled a long Time. 
 
 Frederic had a natural Propenfity to great and good Adlions ; 
 he was often heard to fay ; That it was below tJoe Dignity of a 
 Man to defre to live to himfelf alone, and that the Remembrance of 
 having conferred Obligations was attended with fo peculiar a Plea- 
 fare, that on this Account alone none fiould negledi the Oppor- 
 tunities, that offer, of being ferviceable to their Fello%v C?ra- 
 tures. Agreable to this Maxim, he interefled himfelf in Favour 
 of the City of Luneburg, and on the fame Account, fome Years 
 after, he affifted the Citizens of Munfier, who difagreed with 
 the Chapter of that See about the Eledlion of a Bifliop. The 
 Citizens being fenfible of the Virtue and good Government of 
 thofe of their Bifhops, who had formerly been eleiled out of 
 the Family of Floya, defired at this Time, that the Chapter might 
 chufe Frich Count of Hoya, who lately had been dlfpofTeffed 
 of the Bifhoprick of Ofnabruck ; but the Chapter, difdaining to 
 be influenced in the Eledion by their Recommendation, chofe 
 Walram Count of Meurs, Brother to Fheodoric II. Archbifhop of 
 Cologn, a Perfon, faid to have been little qualified for that Sta- 
 
 B b tion. 
 
i86 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 tion, and even to have made Ufe of fcandalous Means to pave- 
 his Way to this Advancement. The Inhabitants of Munjler^ 
 enraged at this Difappointment, levied War againft the Chapter 
 and the Archbifliop; they at firft put themfelves under the 
 Conduct of the Count of Hoya^ but he not being an experienced 
 Soldier, Application was made to Frederic^ who thereupon con- 
 fented to head the Army. Intelligence being brought, that 
 the Archbifhop was advanced with a confiderable Army to- 
 wards the City of Munjler^ he alfo moved that Way, and not- 
 withftanding he was but flenderly provided with Forces by the 
 Citizens, incamped in the open Field, waiting there for the 
 Arrival of the Enemy. A large Body of Frederic's own Troops, 
 which he had ordered to join him, were upon their March,, 
 but before their Jundion could be made, tlie Archbifhop, who 
 was much fuperior to him in Strength, attacked him at fo 
 great a Difadvantage, that Frederic, though he fought moft 
 valiantly, was routed and taken Prifoner. His Captivity lafted for 
 fome Time, and he was obliged to give a confiderable Sum 
 of Money to redeem himfelf. 
 
 Such was Frederic's Courage in Adverfity, that he bore this 
 Misfortune with great Tranquillity of Mind, being fatisfied with 
 the Juflice of the Caufe, he had been engaged in, and confidering 
 this, as the only Rule, whereby Men’s Actions oaght to be 
 S459. tried, let the Iffue or Event be what it will. Some Years after 
 he refolved to retire from the World, and having founded the 
 Convent of St. Francis in Zelle, he fixed his Abode there, giving 
 up the Government of his States to his eldeft Son Bernhard 
 This Prince happened to die before him, whereupon his 
 youngefl Son Gtho, furnamed the Magnanimous, came to the 
 Poffeirion of tlie Dutchy of Lumburg, but he alfo departing, 
 this Life before Frederic, and his Son not being then of Age, 
 the Grandfather was obliged to quit the Convent, and to refume 
 the Government of his States. He died in 147B ; his Wife- 
 was Magdalen Daughter of Frederic I. Elector of BraJtden- 
 hurg~ 
 
 Henry: 
 
iSy 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 HENRY III. of the Line of Grubenhagen. 
 FREDERIC of the Line of Calenberg. 
 WILLIAM the Younger of the Line of Wolffenbuttel. 
 BERNHARD II. 
 
 Hznry III. Son of Erich of the Line of Grubenhagen^ gave Henn/ iii. of 
 {a) the County of Lutterberg in Fief to the Counts of Hohnjiein. Lino of 
 He had fome Difputes with Lewis Landgrave of HefTe^ who, 
 with his Allies marched before the Caftle of Grubenhagen^ 
 where Henry redded and belieged it; but the Refolution the 
 Bdieged (hewed in defending- themfelves, baffled his Defign. 
 
 Upon this Difappointment he bent his March to the Caftle 
 of Salze, where Elizabeth Abbefs of Ga?iderJljeim^ Henry's 
 Sifter, kept her Court, and had retired thither on Account of 
 a Contagion that happened in the City of Ganderjleeim. The 
 Landgrave, notwithftanding he was informed of the Princefs’s 
 redding there, thought it no Difparagement to his Honour to 
 inveft the Place ; but the Abbefs, to make him fendble, he had 
 undertaken a Thing little becoming a generous Wariour, on 
 the drft Ball that was difeharged againft the Caftle, ordered 
 a Smock to be hung out upon a Pole ; the Sight of which gave 
 him fo much Confufion, that he immediately dedfted from his 
 Attempt, and raifed the Siege. Henry died in the Year 1469. 
 and left by his Wife Margaret ^ Daughter of I. Duke oi Sagan 
 
 and Crojfen, one Son named He?iry, who redded at Salze and died 
 without Iffue. Albert 111 . Brother of Henry III. fucceeded him. 
 
 Little is faid oi Frederic of the Line oi Calenberg, Son of Frederic of the 
 William the Vidlorious, by the Hiftorians of his Time fave Line of Ca- 
 that he was unfortunate in a War againft the Archbifflop 
 Cologn. It is thought, that he was affeefted by fome unforefeen 
 Accident, which made him grow melancholy. He died in the 
 Year 1494. without KTue, and the Principality of Calenberg fell 
 to the Sons of his Brother William the Younger, 
 
 after his Death 
 O T H O the Magnanimous, 
 
 B b2 
 
 William 
 
1 8 8 Memoirs of the Houfe B r u s w i c k. 
 
 William the William the Younger^ Brother to Frederic^ did not inherit the 
 th^Lmeof^ Fv\nc\^2X\tyo^WolfenbuttelXl\\ the Year 1482. after the Death 
 Woiffenbuttehof his Father the Vidlorious neverthelefs he was much 
 
 Table V. courted before that Time by his Neighbours j an Inftance where- 
 of we find in the City of Hoxjter in the Territories of the Abby 
 of Corvey, which in 1480. put itfelf under his Protedion. He 
 made himfelf known in the War, that was carried on in his 
 Time, between Herman Landgrave of Hejfe and Rupert Eledor 
 of Cologn ; the laft of whom having more than once infringed the 
 Capitulation, he had fworn to at his coming to the See, the Canons 
 difowned him, and having at firft conftituted the Landgrave Gover- 
 nor, foon after eleded him Archbifhop of Cologn. Rupert had Re- 
 courfe to Charles the Bold Duke of Burgundy^ who marched an 
 Army to his Affiftance, and befieged the City of Neus^ in the Arch- 
 i474- bifhoprick of Cologn whereby the Inhabitants, among whom 
 was the Landgrave himfelf, were reduced to Famine, but noth- 
 withftanding defended the City bravely, till the Army of the 
 Empire arrived, and obliged Charles to raife the Siege, after he 
 had aflaulted it 56 Times without Succefs. William on this 
 Occafion commanded a confxderable Part of the Succour, which 
 his Father fent to ftrenghten the Army, and was highly efteemed 
 by the Emperor Frederic III. on account of his Valour. 
 
 ' ' Eight Years after his coming to the Principality of Wolffen- 
 
 buttel^ he acquired to it the City of Helmjicedt. This City, which 
 is at prefent fo much diftinguifhed for being the Seat of the 
 Mufes, belonged from Time immemorial to the Abbot of 
 Werden in Wejlphalia, and at that Time denied Obedience to 
 its Mafter. Hereupon the Abbot offered to fell it to the Bifhop 
 of Halberjiadt^ who aflcing him the Reafon why he offered it to 
 fell, was anfwered, that the Burghers refufed to be Children of 
 Monks any longer^ to which the Bifhop replied, that were this the 
 Cafe they would as little like to be Children of Briefs^ wherefore 
 he advifed him, to offer the City to Duke William of the Line 
 1490. of Wolffenbuttel ; who accordingly bought it and incorporated it 
 into his Principality. He ceded in the Year 1491. the Regency 
 
 of 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 I 
 
 of his Dominions to his two Sons Henry and Erich^ whom he 
 had by his Wife Elizabeth^ Daughter of Botho Count of Stolberg j 
 the firft continued the Line of Wolff enbutteh and the otherwas 
 the Founder of a new one at Calenberg. William referved no 
 more for himfelf than the Diflridl of Gottingen^ and led from 
 that Time a private Life. The Intrepidity of this Prince and 
 his Sentiments on Death are worthy of Notice. He looked upon 
 
 Fear as the greateji Forment that could befal Men ; that it a^' ailed 
 nothing to apprehend what is unavoidable j aiid that to fear Deaths 
 was the fame Fhing as to call for it, fnce the Fear of Death was 
 dying continually . He confirmed thefe Sentiments by his Exam- 
 ple, for he took a particular Delight in eredling his Tomb, in- 
 fpeding the Workmen every Day for fome Hours, and when it 
 was finilhed, he often vifited his laft Abode, and even lay in it 
 fometimes, that by meditating on Death, he might diveft it of 
 its Horrors, and delcend, as it were, living into the Grave. The 
 Time of his Death is varioufly reported, but the Opinion of 
 thofe, who place it in 1503, feems to be the bell; grounded. 
 
 Bernhard was Billiop of Hildefheimy when his Frederic^^'^'^^^^ 
 
 the Fious retired into the Convent of St. Francis 2X Zelle fLebu'l-g,. 
 14159. Hereupon he refigned the Bilhoprick, and married Ma~ Table vi. 
 thildisy Daughter to Otho III. Count of Schaumburg, a Lady 
 much celebrated for her great Beauty. The Canons of Hildef- 
 heim were fo much difpleafed at his Refignation, that they feverely 
 reflected upon him for it : faying, that he left Mary, who was a 
 ^een, to take Mathildis, who was but a Countefs. Bernhard^ 
 notwithftanding their Ill-Will, had fo much Credit with them, 
 that he procured the refigned Bilhoprick for Ernefi Count of 
 Schaumburg, his Brother in Law. He ruled the Dutchy of Lu~ 
 uehurg five Years, and died in 1 464 without IlTue. 
 
 His Brother Otho, furnamedthe Magnanimous, fucceeded him.otho fur- 
 Some of his Valfals having behaved difrefpedlful to him, he was 
 obliged to make them return to their Duty by Force of Arms. mous"oT the 
 On this Occafion he retook in 1464 theCallle of Hitzaker,. which 
 
 then belonged to the Family of Bulow, who of all his Valfals-' 
 
 had 
 
 neourg. 
 Table ¥IL 
 
i-go Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick.. 
 
 had provoked him the moft. He might have treated the others 
 with the fame Severity, but he thought it better became him, to 
 fhew his Power, than to exert it j which fmgular Inftance of his 
 Greatnefs of Mind procured him, with the Love of his Subjects, 
 the Surname of Magnanimous, He died in 1471 in the 32. 
 Year of his Age, and left by his Wife Ann^ Daughter of "John 
 Count of NaJfaUy two Sons ; Hefiry and William. William died 
 in his Infancy, and Henry was under Age at his Fathers Death. 
 Frederic the Pious, his Grand Father, was obliged to refume the 
 Regency, in which he continued to his Death, as has been faid 
 above. 
 
 ALBERT. III. of the Line of Grubenhagen. 
 
 HENRY the Elder of the Line of Wolffenbuttel. 
 
 ERICH. I. or the Elder of the Line of Calenberg. 
 
 HENRY the Younger of the Houfe of Ijuneburg. 
 
 Allbert III. of the Line of Grubenhagen, fucceeded his Brother 
 'Grubenhagen. Henry III. of the fame Line, and was, by the Inftigation of the Ci- 
 Table III. tizens of Eimbeck, imbroiled in a War againft William the Young- 
 er of the Line of Wolffenbuttel, which ended to the Difadvantage 
 of both. He died in 1490, and left by his Wife Elizabeth, 
 Daughter of Voir ad L Count of Waldeck, two Sons Philip and 
 Erich, Philip fucceeded him, and Erich became Bilhop of Pa- 
 derborn, of Ofnabruck, and of Munfler. 
 
 Henry the El- Henry, fur named the Elder, fucceeded his Father William the 
 iTneof'wolf-^^^^^^'* hV(^ff^^buttelm the Year 1491. The Magiftrates of 
 fenbuttei, ihe City of Brunfwick, through the Lenity of his PredecelTors, 
 Table V. had affumed great Liberties to themfelves, and began to think 
 they were free from all Obedience, and from performing any 
 1492. extraordinary Service upon Occafion. Henry expoftulated with 
 them about their pretended Privileges and Prefcription, and in- 
 fifted, that a great Part of thofe they enjoyed, were his Preroga- 
 tive. The Difpute was for that Time made up, but the fame 
 
 Com- 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe <?/'Brunswick:. 192 
 
 Complaints having been afterwards renewed on fundry Occa- 
 fions, the Citizens were at Length obliged to return to their Obe- 
 dience in 1671, as will be obferved in its proper Place. 
 
 He made in the Year 1503, a Treaty with his Brother Erich 
 I. of the Line of Calenberg^ and with Henry the Tounger of the 
 Houfe of Luneburg, in which they flipulated with each other, 
 not to difpofe of their refpedive States without the joint Confent 
 of each. Some Years after he engaged with his Brother Erich, 
 his two Sons Henry the Tounger and Chrijiopher Arch-Bilhop of 
 Bremen, and George Duke of Saxony, in a War againft the Friez- 
 landers ; they were all of them fuccefsful in the Courfe of it, 
 excepting Hetiry, who at the Siege of the Caftle of Ort or Leer- 
 Orth, as he was reconnoitring the Enemy, was fhot with a Ball 
 from the Caftle, and flain. This happened in the Year 1514. 
 
 Fie left by his Wife Catherine, Daughter of Erich II. Duke of 
 Pomerania, fix Sons, Chrijiopher, Erich, Henry, Francis, Willi- 
 am, and George, of whom Henry alone lucceeded himi Chri- 
 flopher got the Arch-bifhoprick of Bremen, Erich became Com- 
 mander of the Tcutonick Order at Memel in PruJJia, Francis was 
 made Bifhop of Minden, William had the Commandry of the Or- 
 der of St. John at Mirow in Mecklenburg, and George became 
 Arch-bifiaop of Bremen, after the Death of his Brother Chrijio- 
 pher, and enjoyed at the fame Time the Bifhopricks of Minden 
 and of Verden. 
 
 Erich I, or the Elder fucceedcd his YdPntc William the Tung-^x\c\v i. or 
 er at Calenberg, in the Year 1491. He lived at a Time, whenjj® 
 the whole World feemed to put on a new Face in Matters of Po^Laienberg° 
 Hticks. The Emperor Maximilian I. gave a new Form to the Table 
 Roman Empire, and by marrying the rich Heirefs of Charles the 
 Bold, Duke of Burgundy, laid a Bafis for that vafi; Power, to 
 which the Houfe of Aujiria raifed itfelf from that Time with 
 fo prodigious a Rapidity. Lewis XI. on his Part, had laid the 
 Foundation of an abfolute Power in France. Ferdinand the Ca- 
 thdick had reunited all the Kingdoms in Spain. Portugal 
 
 tQ' 
 
192 
 
 J490- 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brun swick. 
 
 to the Summit of Happinefs under EmanueL Henry VII. finldi- 
 ed the Contefts between the Red and White Rofes in England. Pope 
 Alexander VI. appeared formidable in Italy. Chrijiian was in 
 Poffeffion of all the three Kingdoms in the North. Poland had for 
 its King Sigifmund I. one of the moft powerful Kings, that had 
 ever occupied the Polijh Throne ; and the Power of the lurks^ 
 after the Conqueft of Conjiantinople^ became every Day more 
 and more conliderable both in Europe and in the Eajl. Whe- 
 ther or no the immenfe Riches, which about thisTime began to be 
 brought from both Indies to Europe^ in fome Meafure might not have 
 contributed to the particular Situation, the different Powers above- 
 mentioned v^^ere in, muff be left to the Reader’s Decifion. 
 
 Erich, prompted by a Motive of Devotion, made, in the 
 18th. Year of his Age, a Tour to Jerufalem, from whence he 
 returned by the Way of Rome. He expected to have found 
 none but pious People there, but having, to his great Surprize, ex- 
 perienced the contrary^ he had but a very indifferent Opinion of 
 Papacy ever after. The Fervour of his Devotion being fomewhat 
 abated, he gave himfelf intirely up to a Martial Life, and fliared 
 in the Danger and Glory of all the Undertakings of the Empe- 
 ror Maxhnilian I. who drew great Advantage from the generous 
 Affi fiance he received at Erich's Hands on all Occafions. 
 
 At the Death of Mathias Corvinus King of Hungary, who was 
 a great Enemy of the Emperor Frederic, Maximilian' % Father, 
 feveral Cities in Aujlria and even the Caflle in the City of 
 Vienna were in the Poffeffion of the Hungarians. Maximilian 
 having formed a Defign to diflodge them, laid Siege to this 
 Caflle ; the Befleged vigouroufly defending themfelves, this gave 
 Occafion to a general Affault, wherein Maximilian and Erich 
 were the foremofl in fcaling the Caflle. Erich having planted 
 the firfl Auflrian Colours on the Walls, Maximilian attempted 
 to do the fame, but unlukely received a Wound, which obliged 
 him to caufe a Retreat to be founded. The Befieged however 
 being apprehenfive of a fecond|Aflault, and fearing the Confe- 
 
 quence 
 
193 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe <?/’Brunswick. 
 
 qiiences of it, capitulated the next Day, whereupon the Hunga- 
 rians marched out, and foon after they, with the Reft of their 
 Countrymen, quitted all the Places they occupied in Aujiria. 
 On this their Retreat Maximilian and Erich, at the Head of an 
 Army of 1 5000 Men, went in Purfuit of them and carried the 
 War into their Country. Much Succefs attended their Expe- 
 dition, and among other Conquefts, they made themfelves Mafters 
 of Stuhl-Weijfenburg, whereupon Maximilian aftiimed the Title 
 of King of Hungary. At this Time the greateft Efforts fhould 
 have been made for keeping this Dignity, but the Army was fo 
 ill reinforced, that it was unable to undertake any Thing of 
 Moment afterwards, fo that Uladijlaus then King of Hungary, 
 taking Advantage of the Pofture Affairs were then in, obtained 
 tolerable Conditions of Peace in 1491. 
 
 In the fame Year, William the Younger, Erich' i Father, ceding 
 his Dominions to his Sons, the Principality of Calenberg fell to 
 Erich's Share, whereof he immediately took Poffeffion. How- 
 ever his Tafte for a warlike Life fuffered him not to remain 
 long inactive : he returned to the Emperor Maximilian, and 
 aflifted him in the War, he was then carrying on againft the 
 Palatine Houfe. After the Death of George furnained the. 
 Rich, Duke of Bavaria, his Son in Law Rupert Count Pala- 
 tine of the Rhine, difputed the Succeflion of Bavaria witK 
 Albert IV, who was the neareft in Blood to George the Rich, 
 The Emperor Maximilian I. who was Brother in Law to Albert, 
 favoured him againft Rupert, who relied on the Afliftance of 
 Lewis XII. King of France, and on that of Uladijlaus IV. 
 King of Bohemia. It happened, that Rupert died before thQ 
 Beginning of the War, whereupon Philip Eledlor Palatine pur-, 
 fued the Claims of Rupert'^ Children. However his Reliance- 
 on the French, who failed to fulfil their Promifes, would have 
 difconcerted his Meafures on his firft fetting out, had not the 
 Bohemians been more faithful, and led a confiderable Body of 
 Troops againft Albert. Great Things were expected and might 
 
 C c hav'e 
 
1 94 
 
 I ^04. 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brun swick. 
 
 have been done by thefe Forces, but Erich ^ being fenfible how 
 important it was, to prevent their getting Footing in Bavaria^ 
 attacked them with great Order and Bravery, and after forcing 
 them to give Way, killed about 2000. whereupon the Reft 
 took the Flight. The Emperor, who wasprefent in this Adtion, 
 expofed himfelf fo much, that he received a Blow with an Iron Flail, 
 which made him fall from his Horfe. Erich^ whofe Prefence 
 of Mind was admirable, perceiving the Danger he was in, run 
 to his Aftiftance, refeued him from the Hands of the Enemy, 
 and brought him back in Safety, but not without receiving many 
 Wounds, whereof fome were very dangerous. The Emperor 
 was fo highly pleafcd at EricEs Condudt, on this Occafton, 
 and preferved fo grateful a Senfe of the Obligation he lay under 
 to him, that from that Time forwards he always called him 
 Brother, and to perpetuate the Memory of Erich's Valour, added 
 a bright Star to his Coat of Arms on the very Field of Battle, 
 with this Explanation : that as the Morfiing Star exceeds all the 
 others in Ltfre, fo Duke Erich was as much fuperior to all 
 other Princes of his Phne. This Star has ever fince continued 
 in the Coat of Arms of the Houfe of Brunfwick, and is placed 
 upon the Helmet in the Middle of the Peacock's Drain. The 
 Confequence of this Adion was, that Erich laid Siege to the 
 Fortrefs of Kufjlein in Tyrol. This important Place had fome 
 Time before been fold to the Palatines, by one Pintzenauer, a 
 Bavarian, then Commander of it, on Condition, that he fliould 
 be continued by them in the fame Poft. A large Garrifon 
 defended the Place ; they were well provided, and in fuch high 
 Spirits, that as often as a Canon-Ball flew againft the Walls, 
 which. were fourteen Feet thick, they had the Spot fwept with 
 a Broom by Way of Derifion. Maximilian was fo inraged at 
 this their Infolence and Contempt, that in the Heat of Paflion 
 he made an Oath, that he would not pardon one Angle Man, 
 and even that he would ftrike, whofoever fhould dare venture to 
 intercede with him in behalf of the Garrifon. Purfuant to this 
 
 Refo- 
 
195 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 Refolution, Erich had no fooner made himfelf Mafter of the 
 Fortrefs, but Pintzenauer and feveral chief Officers were be- 
 headed. However a Bohemian^ who had valiantly behaved in 
 the Defence of the Fortrefs, and 40 others, had the good Luck 
 to fave their Lives by Erich’s generous Interpofition j Maxi^ 
 milian being moved by this Prince’s Concern for them, could 
 not deny his Requeft, but at the fame Time being refolved 
 not to violate his Oath, found out a Salvo, which was to touch 
 Cheek gently, whereupon he granted them their Pardon. 
 
 Not long after this Expedition, a War breaking out between 
 the Emperor and the Venetians, Erich adled againil them in 
 the Imperial Army. This Republic had reaped great Advan- 
 tages from the Divifions and Troubles, whereunto Italy' had 
 been expofed for a long while together j by the many Poffeffions, 
 it had torn from Lombardy, from the Ecclejiajlical State, and 
 lately from the Kingdom of Naples, it feemed, to be in a Way 
 to lord it over all Italy. The Extent of its Dominions adding 
 to its Power in Proportion, the Republic could not but be- 
 come an Objedl of Jealoufy to all the neighbouring Powers. It 
 was thought neceffary by them, not only to prevent its making 
 further Incroachments, but likewife to reduce it within more rea- 
 fonable Bounds j for which Purpofe a fecret Alliance was entered 
 into at Cambray by the Emperor Maximilian, Pope Julius II, 1507 
 Ferdhiand King of Spain, and Lewis XII. King of France, 
 whereunto Francis II. Duke of Mantua and Alphonfus I. Duke 
 of Modena afterwards acceeded. Although the Preventing Venice 
 from growing too powerful, was given out the foie Caufe of this 
 Alliance, it is well known, that each of the Allies had his par- 
 ticular Views in it. Maximilian I. engaged in it on a double 
 Account, 'viz. to make good his Claims to the Cities of Padua, 
 Verona, and Vicenza in Lombardy, and to be revenged on the 
 Venetians, who had affronted him, by denying him a Paffiage, 
 when he went to Pome to be crowned. Pope "Jidius II. was 
 influenced by the Hopes of acquiring the Province of Pomagna, in 
 
 C c 2 ■ which 
 
j 96 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick.. 
 
 which Ra^cenna lies, formerly the Capital of the Echarchate 
 of the Greeks Lezois XII. King of France^ who then 
 pofTeffed the Dutchy of Milaii, aimed at the Cities of Brefcia^ 
 Bergamo^ and Cremona^ which the Venetians had torn from the 
 Milanefe. Ferdinand King of Spain^ at that Time Mafter of 
 the Kingdom of Naples, not brooking, that the Venetians fhould 
 keep the Cities of Brundifi, Otranto, and FentigUano in his 
 Kingdom, wanted to difpolTefs them. And as for Francis II. 
 Duke of Mantua, and Alphonfus I. Duke of Modena, though 
 perhaps they had no particular Views of enlarging their Do- 
 minions, yet were they under a NecefTity of declaring themfelves 
 in Favour of one of the Parties, for Fear of being fwallowed up by 
 both ; and Reafon told them, that it was furer to fide with the Al- 
 lies, than with the Venetians, who had fo many Enemies to cope 
 with at once. Each Ally began to exert himfelf to the utmofi: 
 of his Power. The French beat the Venetians near the River 
 Adige j the Fruits whereof were the Conquefi; of Brefcia, 
 Bergafno, Cremona, and Pefchiera-, and had the French imme- 
 diately marched to Venice, they would have rendered themfelves 
 Mafiiers of it without much Difficulty. The Imperial Army, in 
 the mean while, paffed through Friuli and conquered the Cities 
 » 509- of Vicenza, Verona, and Padua, fo that the Vejietians loft all 
 their PofTeffions on Ferra Firma, except Frevigio. The Pope 
 on his Part, over-run the Province of Romagna, but was unfuc- 
 cesful before Ravenna, its Capital ; whilft the King of Spain 
 polTelTed himfelf of all that belonged to the Venetians in the 
 Kingdom of Naples. As for the Duke of Mantua, he did nothing 
 remarkable, but the Duke of Modena got the better of their 
 Fleet in an Engagement that happened in the Adriatick, and 
 returned to Ferrara in a Sort of a naval Triumph on Board 
 of one of their chief Gallies. The Venetians thus brought to 
 the very Brink of Deftrudlion, thought it high Time, to do their 
 utmofi: to break a League, which had been fo fatal to them j and 
 as this could not be compafled without giving Satisfaction to fomc 
 
 one 
 
197 
 
 Memoirs of the Hoife <^Bruns\vick. 
 
 one of the moft potent of the Allies, they began by fending 
 AmbalTadors to the Emperor, ordering them to reprefent to 
 him, in the moft moving Manner, the Straits, they were re- 
 duced to, which they did by making Ufe in their Speech of the 
 following Expreffions : We thrc'w cur Jlnm at your Feet^ In- 
 'uincible Emperor, faid they, a7id we fly flor Refuge to your un~ 
 parallelled Clemency and divine Goodnefs. We fall down proflrate 
 before you in the Name of the Duke, the Senate and the People 
 of Venice, and beg in the mofl humble Manner, that you will 
 vouchfafe to lock upon our Mifery with Eyes of Pity, and com- 
 fort us again with your Pardon. All the Conditions of Peace, 
 Mofl potent Emperor, you fhall be pleafed to prefcribe us, we 
 fball conflder as jufl and equitable. We eve?i inflitl on ourfelves 
 a Punifloment, which is, that we will reflore, all that we ever 
 have taken from the Holy Roman Empire or the glorious Houfe of 
 Auflria. We are willing not only to give up thefe Poffeflions, but to 
 yield alfo all other territories, we have upon the terra Firma, 
 and to renounce for ever all the Claims we have to them. We 
 offer moreover, to pay every Tear to your Imperial Majefly and to 
 all your hwful Succefors, flfy Pounds of Gold, as a tribute, a?id 
 mofl fubmifflvely to obey all your Orders, Laws and Ordhiances, &c. 
 It may be eafily imagined, how much it muft have cofl a 
 Republick, that had made fo confiderable a Figure in Europe for 
 many Centuries, to condefcend to make Ufe of this humble 
 and fubmiffive Style; nothing could probably have prompted 
 them to take fo mortifying a Step, but the Hope they had, 
 thereby to get rid of one of their moft potent Enemies. How- 
 ever they were deceived in their Expectations ; the Ambafly 
 proved fruitlefs, the Emperor, who could not be prevailed upon 
 to abandon his Allies, conftantly refufed to grant them the 
 Peace they applied for ; whereupon Duke Erich by his Di- 
 rections continued to commit Hoftilities. The Republick, being 
 thus thoroughly convinced, there was no Accommodation to be 
 brought about between them and the Emperor, turned to the 
 
 Pope^ 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 Pope, and, prefuming that nothing was more likely to prejudice 
 him in their Behalf than fome valuable Confideration, they 
 offered him the Province of Roma?idiola or Romagna ; this had 
 the defired Effect, he accepted of the Tender, and made a fe- 
 parate Peace with them j notwithftanding he had folemnly fworn 
 on taking the Hoft, that he would remain faithful to the Allies. 
 Not content with this Breach of Faith, he had the Affurance, 
 to fummon the Emperor and the King of France to withdraw 
 their Troops, and when they, finding themfelves bafely deferted, 
 called him 2i perfidious Man^ he thought it a fufticient Apology 
 to reply : that as he was the common Father of all Chrifiendom^ 
 it had not been in his Power, to Jhut up his tender Heart to the 
 humble and penitent Suit of the Venetians. The Emperor as 
 well as the King of France, being piqued at the Pope’s Condutfl 
 on this Occafion, were fo far* from following his Example, that 
 they feemed more than ever determined againfi; making Peace. 
 Hereupon the Theatre of War changed unexpedtedly : The 
 Pope, the King of Spain, Henry VIII. King of England, the 
 Republick of Venice, and the Swifi Cantons allied themfelves 
 againfi; the Germans and the French. Lewis XII. was fo little 
 ftartled at this formidable Alliance, that he doubted not, but 
 he fliould get the better of it, and in Confequence of this, he 
 had a Coin firuck with this remarkable Infcription : Perdam 
 Pabylonis Nomen i. e. 7 will defir oy the very Name of Babylon or 
 Rome. In 1512. his Troops beat the Venetians near Brefcia, and 
 being joined by the Imperial Forces, in the fame Year on 
 Eafierday, a complete Victory was won over the Pope’s Troops 
 near Ravenna. This unexpeded Defeat got the better of his 
 Holinefs's Temper, he was fo much nettled at it, that he forgot 
 for this Time, that he was the common Father of Chrifiendom, 
 and thenceforth meditated nothing but Revenge. A martial Fit 
 feizing upon him on a fudden, he took the Field, and looking 
 on St. Peter’s Keys as ufelefs on this Occafion, threw them into 
 the Fiber, and as a Friend of his, thereupon, put him in Mind 
 
199 
 
 Lienioirs of the. Tloufe of Brunswick. 
 
 of thefc Words oi Chrifl to Peter: Put up thy Sword into the 
 Scabbard, he fmartly replied, that he woidd very readily do the 
 fame, a-, foon as he had had the Opportunity, like Peter, to cut off 
 ofie of his Enemy's Ears. The Pope was fortunate in this new 
 War j for by it he got the City of Bologna or Bononia with its 
 Territory ; this Succefs gave him no fmall Satisfaction, as like- 
 wife the Reconciliation, which was foon after brought about 
 between him and the Emperor ; whereupon Duke Erich Vv^ith- 
 drew the Imperial Troops from thofe of the King of France, 
 which obliged the Forces of this Prince to retire from Italy in 
 1^13. they not being able to ftand their Ground againft fo 
 many. Hereby the Scales were turned ; for the Emperor Maxi- 
 milian, being now allied with the King of England and both 
 feconded by the Swifs, thefe three Powers attacked the King 
 of Frajice on different Sides. The Imperial Troops took Ber 
 fan^on in Franche Comte, the Swifs befieged Dijon in Bur- 
 gundy, the EiigUff conquered Feroanne and Tournay and beat 
 the French near Guwegajl, which ACtion is called the Battle 
 of Sjurs, on Account that the French made more Ufe of their 
 Spurs than their Swords in this Engagement. Had the Engliff, 
 Swifs, and Imperialifls, after thefe Succefles, joined their Forces, 
 the King of France would probably have much been much di- 
 ftreffed, but the Englijh went homp of their own Accord, the 
 Swifs were fatisfied with 60,0c o ’Crowns, and the Emperor, 
 who had all along fhewed but little Inclination for this laft 
 War, ordered his Troops to withdraw. Hifeorians obferve, that 
 Duke Erich, while at Befan^on, was in great Danger of loling 
 his Life by a Confpiracy that was formed againft him, but that 
 a Lady, who was apprifed of it, and juftly admired his fupe- 
 rior Merit, being terrified at the Thought, that fo valiant a 
 Prince fhould be bafely murdered, difeovered the Plot in Time, 
 and thereby faved his Life. 
 
 Our chief Defign being to relate the memorable Actions of the 
 Princes of the Houfe of Brunjwick, and to interfere no more in the 
 
 general- 
 
200 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 general Affairs of Europe^ than asthefe have fome Connexion with 
 the Hiftory of this illullrious Houfe : it muft not be expeded, that 
 we fhould continue to relate, in what manner the Venetian War 
 was carried on, after Duke Erich quitted the Imperial Army, 
 ‘ 5 ‘ 3 * which happened in the Year 1513. We flaall therefore only 
 
 obferve, that the Venetians at laft got the better of the Em- 
 peror, and that after beating him near Vicenza^ and repof- 
 fefling themfelves of Verona^ they obliged him in 1515. to make 
 Peace with them, upon Terms, which were much to their Ad- 
 vantage. Erich at length returned to his Dominions, after he 
 had been abfent from them ten Years, in which Time he had 
 fought twelve Battles and ailed in Perfon in twenty different 
 AJfaults. His Subjects received him with open Arms, joyfully 
 congratulating their vidlorious Prince, who as a Teftimony of 
 his Courage and Succefs, brought back with him a great Num- 
 ber of Colours, and other warlike Trophies, taken from the 
 Enemy in his Expeditions. 
 
 It has been faid above, that in the Year 1463, after the 
 Death of Otho Codes, the laft of the Line of Gottingen, Wil- 
 liam the Vidorious, Erich's Grand-Father, poffeffed himfelf of 
 the States of that Line. Hereupon a great Law-Suit enfued 
 between the Houfes of Brwifwick and Luneburg, which lafted 
 till Erich's Return, when it was happily concluded in his 
 Favour, he remaining in Polfeffion of the States of Gottingen 
 with the Territories belonging thereto. 
 
 He began in 1526. to build a Caftle with a magnificent 
 Palace, which he finifhed in 1530. and called it after his Name 
 Erichjbiirg. It may be conceived, that this additional Expence, 
 joined to the great Charges he was at in the many Expeditions, 
 he had undertaken, muft have caufed him to contract conli- 
 derable Debts: yet fucli was his Tendernefs for his Subjects, 
 that he could not be prevailed upon to overcharge them with 
 Taxes. An Alchymift having one Day offered to fhew him a 
 Method, how to inrich himfelf by tranfmuting Copper into 
 
 Silver, 
 
201 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 Silver, which fhould fland the Fire nine or ten Times, after 
 which, he confefTed, its Virtue would begin to decreafe : Erich^ 
 notwithftanding he was ftraitened for Want of Money, would 
 never permit him to make the Experiment, but rejedling his 
 Propofal with Indignation, ordered him to quit fortwith his 
 Dominions, on Pain of having his Eyes put out. 
 
 A Diet being appointed at Hagenau in the Year 1540, he 
 affifted at it, and died there, not without Sufpicion of having 
 been poifoned. He left by his fecond Wife Elizabeth ^ Daughter 
 of ^Joachim I. Elector of Brandenburgs one Son, named Erich II. 
 who fucceeded him in the Principality of Calenberg. 
 
 Henry the Younger of the Houfe of Luneburgs was ten Years Henry the 
 old when his Grandfather Frederic died. His Mother kept 
 Adminiftration till he came of Age. The Beginning of his Reign Luneburg. 
 was aufpicious ; Francis Count of Diepholt, offered to hold his Table vi. 
 County as a Fief from him, and to become his Vaffal, which 
 was complied with j and hereby, after the Extindtion of that 
 Family, the County of Diepholt devolved to the Houfe of 
 Luneburg. The Middle and End of his Reign were unfor- 
 tinate. 
 
 The Bifhoprick o£HildeJJ:eims at this Time, was in a moft flou- 
 rifhing Condition. Seven fine Counties belonged to it, fo that there- 
 by John of the Houfe of Saxe Lauenbiirgs its Bifltop, had a very 
 confiderable Income. His Ambition increafing with his Riches, 
 he ventured to make War upon Duke Erich I. and his Nephew 
 Henry Younger of the Line of Wolffenbuttely in the Year 1519# 
 immediately upon the Death of the Emperor Maximilian I. with 
 whom thefe Princes were in great Favour. The Occafion of it was 
 trifling j "John had a Pique againfl one Burchard de SalderUy who 
 being in high Efteem with Erich and his Nephew, he upon tins 
 Account picked a Quarrel with them, and in order to flrengthen 
 his Party, on fome Pretence or other, prevailed upon Henry the 
 Younger of the Houfe of Luneburg and feveral others of his 
 Neighbours, to enter into Alliance with him. Erich had Intel- 
 
 D d liffence 
 
202 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 
 
 ligence of this League, and taking Umbrage at the Bidiop’s 
 preparing for War, afked what were his Reafons for fo doing ; 
 to which he replied : that, provided Duke E 7 -ich and his Rela- 
 tions would but leave him in PolTeflion of the Peace he then 
 enjoyed, he would not attempt to difturb theirs. Yet nothwith- 
 flanding thefe fair Promifes, fcarce had he heard of the Emperor 
 Maximilian\ Death, but he began Hoftilities ; he fell upon 
 the Bidioprick of Minden in the Middle of Paffion Week, 
 when by Reafon of his Funftion he ought to have been employed 
 in a quite different Manner. Frmich^ Brother of Henry the 
 Younger of the Line of WolffeJihiittel^ was then Bifliop of Mindaiy 
 and in clofe Alliance with his Brother and Duke Erichy his 
 Uncle, yohuy in the firft Confternation, which his fo fuddenly 
 taking the Field occafioned, made an eafy Conqueft df the Cities 
 of Minden and Peterjkageny and flufhed by this Succefs, thence 
 turned his Arms to the Country of Calenberg. The Princes of 
 both Lines of CaleJiberg and of Wolffenbuttel were not idle on their 
 Part, they marched into the Bifhoprick of Hildeji:eimy which 
 drew the Bifhop’s Troops thither j great Exceffes were com- 
 mitted on both Sides, and the poor People, as is commonly the 
 Cafe, underwent all the Calamities attending War. Erich and 
 Henry oiJVolffenbuttely being defirous to bring Things 
 to a flaort IfTue, attacked at length Peme, in the Bifhoprick of 
 Hildejheim. They foon were Mafters of the City, but the For- 
 trefs made great Refiftance. The Bifliop took this Opportunity 
 to make Overtures of Peace, which induced the Brunfwickers 
 to leave Peine. But finding that his Propofals were but a Feint 
 intended to protradt the War, they immediately fell upon the 
 Dominions of Hemy the Younger of Luneburgy his Ally. Here- 
 upon, the Troops of Hildepcim following them, both Armies 
 met, and a mod: defperate Battle was fought between them 
 upon a Heath near Soltow, which ended to the Advantage 
 of the Bifhop, he having gained a complete Vidtory. 3300 
 remained upon the Spot, and Erich, yvith another of 
 
203 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of B r u n s v/ 1 c k. 
 
 his Nephews named William^ fourth Brother to Henry the Younger 
 of the Line of Wolff enhutt el, behdes many of their People were made 
 Prifoners ; to the inexpreffible Joy of the Bi£hop, who in an 
 Extafy ordered the chief Colours, taken in this memorable 
 Battle, to be fet up in the Dome of Hildejkeim as great Trophies. 
 
 If we inquire into the Caufe of Erichs Overthrow, we fhall 
 find it to be chiefly owing to the Difproportion, there was be- 
 tween hi* Troops and thole of the Bifliop, who had full 10,000 
 Men, whereas Erich had fcarce 7000, and befides expofed himfelf 
 too much in the Heat of Battle, whereby he gave his Enemy 
 a confiderable Advantage over him. A ridiculous Difference, 
 that arofe between his People and a Succour fent from Heffe to 
 his Afliftance, was another Reafon of his ill Succefs on this Oc- 
 cafion. »It was difputed with uncommon Warmth between the 
 Brufwickers and the Hejjians, whether the Animal the Hejjians 
 had on their Yargets was a Lyon or a Idog, and which of them 
 made a better Figure with their Armour, the Brunfwickers or 
 the Heffians ? This trifling Difpute created ill Blood, and the 
 Auxiliaries being difgufted with the Brunfwickers, left them in 
 the Lurch, and withdrew before the Engagement began. After 
 this fatal Battle the Electors of Mayence, of Saxony, and of Bran- 
 denburg interpofed, and brought about a Truce between the 
 contending Parties ; it was agreed, that the Difpute fhould be 
 left to the Decifion of the new Emperor, and that Duke Erich 
 fliould be fet at Liberty for a reafonable Ranfom. Henry Duke 
 of Luneburg, who had him in Cuflody, accepted of thefe Con- 
 ditions. It is remarkable, that Charles V. was elected Emperor 
 the very Day of the Battle of Soltow. He appointed a Diet to 
 be held at Wor??is, where the Bifliop of Hildeffeim and Duke 1521, 
 Erich appeared in Perfon. Charles V. had no favourable Opi- 
 nion of the Bifliop, on account that he had created a Diflurbance 
 in the Empire, at the Time when his Eledtion was in Agitation. 
 
 Erich improved the Opportunity, and charged his Antagcnifl; with 
 havii.g been the Author of the War, and of die Injuftice and 
 
 D d 2 Hardfliips 
 
204 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 Ilardfhips he had undergone in Confequence thereof ; where- 
 upon the Bifhop was defired to forbear horn further Hoftilities, to 
 releafe Duke William^ and to leave the Decifion of their Difference 
 to the Emperor ; he was moreover threatened with the Ban of 
 the Empire, in Cafe he refufed to comply with thefe Injuncti- 
 ons. The Bifhop, either out of a miftaken Notion of his being 
 an equal Match to any Oppofer, or that thefe Threats were 
 not really intended, ridiculed the Intimation, whereby he ruined, 
 not only his own Affairs, but alfo thofe of his Ally, Henry the 
 Younger of the Houfe of Lunehurg. The Emperor now firmly 
 believing, that the War, which had been entered into by the 
 Bifhop, was not fo much with a View of venting his Spleen 
 againfl: Erich and his Nephew, as with a Defign to thwart 
 Charles's EleClion to the imperial Throne, in order thereby to 
 pleafe Francis I. King of France^ who was his Competitor to 
 that Dignity, declared the Ban againfl the' Bifhop and againfl 
 Henry of Luneburg. The Houfes of Calenberg and Wolffenbuttel 
 had the Execution of the Ban committed to them j and in Con- 
 fequence thereof, that fame Year, made themfelves Maflers of 
 many Caflles and Cities belonging to the Bifhoprick of Hil- 
 depeim. The famous Fauk Metfe^ already mentioned, and another 
 extraordinary Piece of Ordinance, called the Fierce Lyon^ were 
 among the common Canon made Ufe of in thefe Sieges ; which 
 were carried on with that Vigour and Succefs, that the Prelate, 
 not thinking himfelf fecure in his Bifhoprick, fled to Wejlphalia. 
 Hereupon the Dukes of Brunswick befieged the City of Hil- 
 de^eim, but their Efforts proved fruitlefs ^ they afterwards tryed 
 their Fortune before the Fortrefs of Peine ^ but here they were 
 likewife difappointed for though they battered down almofl 
 all its Towers, they could not mafler the Place, and when the 
 following Year they renewed the Siege, it was with no better 
 Succefs, fo that at length they were obliged to give up their De- 
 fign. Bifhop John had in the mean time, affembled fome Troops 
 in Wejlphalia j thefe he led to Hildepeim j in Hopes he might 
 
 thereby 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^^Brunswick. 
 
 thereby recover all the Bllhoprick, but he milTed his Aim ; the 
 Brufifwickers, though they could not get PoiTe/Tion of the City 
 of HildeJJ:eim and of Peine ^ maintained their Superiority over 
 him ; during the Time that this War lafted, they poffelfeJ 
 themfelves of feven of his Cities, befides nineteen Cailles, and a 
 vaft Number of Boroughs j whereas the Bifliop kept no more 
 than the City of HiIdeJJ:ei?n, and the three Fortreffes of Steuer- 
 ^ald, Marieitburg^ and Peine. At length Charles V. to prevent 
 the further Effufion of Blood, interpofed, and left the Decifioii 
 of the whole Difference to the Eleftors of Mayence^ of Saxony^ 
 and of Brandejiburg. The Prifoners were re leafed on both Sides, 
 each Party kept what it had taken in thefe Troubles, and the 
 City of HildeJJ.eim put itfelf under the Protedion of Duke Erich. 
 Thus this famous War, called the War of HildeJJjeim, ended, 
 after it had lafted four Years. Hefiry the Toufiger of Luneburg^ 
 who, as the Bifliop’s Ally, had drawn upon himfelf the Empe- 
 ror’s Difpleafure, had the Prudence to prevent the Effedts of it • 
 for he was no fooner informed that the Ban was proclaimed 
 againfl him, but he diverted himfelf of his PofTeffions, gave them 
 up to his Sons, and thereupon retired to France. He refided 
 there till the Year 1527, when he returned to Germany. The 
 Ban was repealed in 1530, and he died at Winhufen in the Year 
 1^32. His Wife was Margaret^ Daughter of Erneji Eledtor of 
 Saxony, by whom he had Otho, Erneji, and Francis. Each of 
 them was the Founder of a Line, Otho of that at Harburg, Erneji 
 of that at Zelle, and Francis of that at Giffioorn. 
 
 PHILIP the Elder of the Line of Grubenhagen. 
 
 HENRY the Younger of the Line of Wolff enbutt el. 
 
 ERICH II. or the Younger of the Line of Calenberg. 
 
 OTHO the Elder of the Line of Harburg. 
 
 ERNEST furnamed the Confejfor, of the Line of Zelle. 
 FRANCIS of the Line of Gijffhorn, 
 
 Philip 
 
2o6 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 Philip the ‘Philip the Elder, after the Death of his Father jiibert Ilf. 
 
 came to the Regency of Gruhenhagen, in 1490. He, in Con- 
 benhagen. junftion with Henry the Younger of the Line of Wolffenbuttel, 
 Table III. affiflied Chrijlopher, Archbifhop of Bremen, Henry's Brother, 
 Henry the againft a People called the Wurfati, from a Country, of that 
 Younger of Name, htuated near a Territory bearing the Name of Hadeler- 
 Wdftlnbuttel. or Pladelia on the Wefer, Magnus, Duke of Saxe-Lauen- 
 Table V. burg, had, at different Times, attempted to bring this Country, 
 which belonged to the See of Bremen, in Subjedlion to him, and 
 ^ohn, Archbifhop of Bremen, not finding himfelf in a Condi- 
 • tion to oppofe the Incroachments of the Duke, conferred the Co- 
 adjutorlliip of the See of Bremen on Chrijlopher, Brother of Henry 
 the Younger of the Line of JVolffenbuftel, whereby he gained the 
 Afliffance of the Houfe of Brufifwick-, and hereupon Magnus 
 thought proper to defift^ from molefting the Wurfati. At Cbd- 
 (lopher's coming to the Archbifhoprick, this People, unmind- 
 ful of the Protection, they had received through his Means, re- 
 volted againff him, and denying Obedience to the See of Bremen, 
 pretended to be a free and independent People. They prepared 
 for War : although the Number of Men capable of bearing Arms 
 was VQry confiderable, the Women infilled on being Sharers 
 in the common Danger. They took the Field, and both ha- 
 ving placed a particular Confidence in a certain tall and Jlrong 
 FrieHandifo Maid, they intruded her with carrying their chief 
 Colours. When they had pitched their Camp, they folemnly 
 affured each other, that they were firmly refolved to defend the 
 Common Caufe, (as they termed it) to the laft Drop of their 
 Blood. Yet, notwithftanding this feeming Undauntednefs, their 
 Courage foon flagged j for fcarce had the Archbilhop with his 
 Relations faced them, but they were feized with aPanick Terror, 
 which v/ould have been followed by a general Flight, had not 
 the Authority of their Commanders prevented it. They en- 
 gaged at length, and in Proportion as the ACtion grew hot, 
 feemed obffinately bent to ftand their Ground : but their chief 
 
 Enfign 
 
207 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 Eiiiign the FriczlandiJ!) Maid, having been cloven in two with 
 a Battle-Ax and their principal Banner thereby loft, they were 
 fo diflieartenedby this Accident, that from that Time their Ardour 
 vifibly decreafed, and they were foon after defeated. A gre.it 
 many of the JFurfati were flain, but many more taken Prifoners, 
 whom the Conquerors lifed with much Humanity. But as this 
 People was inclinable to revolt, the Archbilhop, in order to keep 
 them in Awe, thought fit, to ere6t a Caftle in their Country ; 
 this Fortrefs, being intended to lay them under a perpetual Re- 
 firaint, was called Lucifer. The Wurfati^ though vanquifiied, 
 were highly provoked at this Ufage, and bore it with great Im- 
 patience, which being perceived by Magfius Duke of Saxe- 
 Lauenburg^ he improved the Opportunity, and prevailed upon 
 them to take up Arms again j they, at his Inftigation, on a 
 hidden, furprized the Caftle, and having turned out the Garrifon, 
 levelled the Fortrefs with the Ground. This their mutinous 
 Condudl, would infallibly have proved 'their utter Ruin, had, 
 they had to do with Princes lefs inclined to Mercy. The Arch- 
 biftiop, with his Relations, Philip and Henry ^ having marched 
 againft them a fecondTime, at the Head of a confiderable Body 
 of Troops, found but little Refiftance, even from thofe, that 
 had been the foremoft in the Infiirredtion. Flereupon the Sol- 
 diers of the confederate Princes, not being willing to return home, 
 without leaving Proofs of their Refentment, were for ufing them 
 according to their Deferts j but Philip and Henry ^ fo far from 
 countenancing this Spirit of Revenge, forbad all Violence on 
 the fevereft Penalties, and haying taken fuch Meafures as might 
 prevent an Infurredion for the future, they marched back with 
 their Troops to their Dominions. 
 
 Philip of the Line of Grubenhagen^ Henry of that of 
 luttel, and Erich II. Son of Erich I. of the Line of Calenbergp'^^ Line of 
 were afterwards engaged in Affairs of much greater Moment 
 which will be related in their proper Places, when we have Tabic v. 
 
 given 
 
2o8 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 
 
 given an Account of Otho furnamed the Elder ^ Ernejl^ and 
 Francis^ Sons of He?iry the Younger^ of the Line of Luneburg. 
 
 Time that He fir y of the Line of Luneburg was put 
 LineofHar- to the Bail of the Empire, Otho^ as his elded; Son, Ihould have 
 of Thaf^of^ had the chief Government of the Dutchy of Luneburg^ but he 
 Zelle, and contenting himfelf with Harburg and its Dependencies, ceded his 
 to Erneji ; whilfl Francis the youngeft Brother kept his 
 Jiorn. Refidence at Giffhorn. Erneji was educated under the In- 
 Table VI. fpedlion of his Uncle Frederic furnamed xht.JVife^ Eledor of 
 Saxony y who fent him early to the Univerfity of Wittenberg ; 
 where he not only made great Progrefs in Learning, but had an 
 Opportunity to converfe with Luther, who at that Time began 
 to difcover his Sentiments about the Hierarchy and the Dodtrines 
 of the See of Rome. From thence he went to Paris, were he 
 was in great Efteem with Francis I. then King of France, and 
 after having acquired at that Court fuch Accomplilhments, as 
 were not to be met with any where elfe in thofe Days, he re- 
 turned in 1521. to his native Country, and took upon him the 
 Government of his Dominions j juft at a Time, when Germany 
 was on the Point of dividing itfelf into two Parties, on account 
 of Luther'^ Tenets. 
 
 It has been already obferved, that the Emperor Otho IV, one 
 of the moft illuftrious Anceftors of the Houfe of Brunfwick, fo 
 early as in the Beginning of the thirteenth Century, nothwith- 
 flanding the Ignorance and Bigotry of thofe Times, endeavoured 
 with uncommon Refolution, to lay open the Abufes of the See 
 of Rome, even in Spite of its Excommunications. His Endea- 
 vours, though they were not attended with the Succefs they 
 deferved, yet do him great Honour, and mufl: render his Memory 
 facred to Poflerity j on account that he was the fir ft Prince, who 
 after Papacy was grown to its higheft Pitch, ventured to oppofe 
 its Encroachments, whereby others were afterwards prompted 
 thoroughly to examine the Title, the Popes pretended they had, 
 to impofe arbitrary Laws on Chriftendom. 
 
 Thus 
 
209 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 Thus we find, that feme time after, (1274) the Council, 
 held at Lyojis in France, following his Steps, flood up in Defence 
 of the Liberty of the Gallican Church, denied to the Pope all 
 temporal Power in France, and limited his ecclefiaflical Au- 
 thority by the ancient Canons and Decretals of that Church. 
 Boniface VIII, indeed, attempted in the Beginning of the fol- 
 lowing Century (1301) to reverfe the Determination of the 
 Council, by inlifling, that Philip IV. King of France, fliould 
 hold his Kingdom as a Fief from the See of Rome, but he was 
 difappointed in his Expectation j he found to his great Mor:i- 
 fication, that the World had now began to grow wifer j his 
 Bull was publickly burned, and Philip, notwithflanding the 
 Excommunication he then lay under, had the Courage, to 
 compliment him with the following Words in one of his 
 Letters : Tour great Foolifmefs ought to know, that we acknow- 
 ledge no Superior in Temporals. 
 
 The Roman Empire, which had more Need than any other, 
 - to fet Bounds to the Papal Authority, arrived at length to that 
 State of Independency on the Pope, to which the Emperor 
 Otho IV. unfuccefsfully flrove to bring it. It was agreed upon, 
 at a Diet held at Franckfort in 1338, as has been obferved above, 
 that, the Emperor had no Superior, that he received his Power 
 folely from his EleBion ; that the Coronation performed by the Pope 
 was not effential to his Dignity ; that the Pope was not a Vicar 
 of the Empire, during the Vacancy of the Imperial Throne j and 
 even that he might be judged by a Council', thefe Propofitions 
 were taught openly in the Schools by the famous William 
 Occam, and his Difciples. 
 
 The two Councils, held afterwards at Confiance and at Bafl 
 (1414 and 1431) gradually improving upon them, went one 
 Step further ; they endeavoured to divefl the Popes of their 
 pretended fupreme Power in fpiritual Concerns, and there is great 
 Room to believe, that the lafl of thefe Councils would have 
 reduced the Papal Authority to nothing, or at leafl to the 
 
 E e State, 
 
210 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 
 
 State, it was in, in its Infancy, had not France^ by Force of 
 Arms, obliged the Fathers of this Council to difperfe, before 
 they could bring their Scheme to bear. 
 
 However, thefe T ranfaclions did not a little contribute to rowze 
 People from the Supinity, they had been in for fome Centuries. 
 They gradually began to get the better of their Prejudices, and 
 to reflect on the Errors and Abufes, that had crept into the 
 Church at fundry Times. Wiclej had in the fourteenth Century 
 maintained, that the Pope was the Anti-Chrijl ; in the Beginning 
 of the following Century "John Hufs, defended this and his 
 other Aflertions in Bohemia j his Countrymen’s Eyes being thus 
 opened, they were brought earneftly to ftruggle againft the 
 Incroachments of the See of Rome ; whereupon they applied to 
 the Council of Bajil^ and obtained Leave for receiving the Sacra- 
 ment in both Kinds, as has been faid above. Towards the 
 Clofe of the fame Century the celebrated Italians, Antonins Sa~ 
 bellicus^ Ilermolaus BarbaruSy Johannes Pico MirandiilanuSy and 
 others, having revived the Tafte of true Learning and Criticifm, 
 this Circumftance, in Conjundion with thofe above hinted at, 
 were fo many Preparatives or Preludes to that happy Refor- 
 mation, that was brought about in this fixteenth Century. 
 
 . The See of Rome, by its infatiable Avarice, was itfelf indru- 
 mental, though not defignedly, in forwarding this Revolution in 
 th'e Church. The Chriftian Princes, being tired with making 
 Expeditions to the Holy Land, which, in Reality, were nothing 
 elfe but fpecious Pretences, invented by the Popes, to drain them 
 of their Blood and Treafure, another Scheme was fet on Foot,, 
 to allure them and their Subjeds to part, if not with their Blood, 
 at lead with their Money. Frequent Jubilees were kept at Rome, 
 and all that reforted thither, received Abfolution of their Sins, 
 for a particular Sum. Jubilees, according to their firft Inftitu- 
 tion, were to take Place but once in a Century j the Popes per- 
 ceiving the Advantages that arofe from bringing together fuch a 
 yaft Concourfe of People to their Market, from all Parts of 
 
21 1 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 the Chriftian World, fhortened the Time, and ordered a Jubilee 
 to be kept every fifty Years. Not fatisfied with this neither, 
 and being willing to make the beft Hand they could of the fii- 
 perftitious Credulity of thofe Times, they appointed one to be 
 celebrated every thirty Years, obtruding this filly Reafon as a 
 plaufible one for fo doing: T'hat our Saviour had entered into 
 bis Minijiry in the thirtieth Tear of his jige. Immenfe Sums 
 were brought into the Pope’s Coffers,on account of thefe Jubilees, 
 and they were fquandered away by them and their Relations with 
 the moll; fhameful Profiifenefs. Alexander VI. having, by Means 
 of a Jubilee, kept during his Pontificate, ( 1 500) gathered together 
 a prodigious Treafure, his natural Son Ccefar Borgia, to the 
 Scandal of all Chriftendom, made Ufe of it to imbroil all Italy-, 
 and when he was reproached by his Friends for his unbounded 
 Prodigality, he was ufed to fay, in a fneering Manner: That vahat 
 he thus threw away was nothing, but the Revenue arifmg from the 
 Sins of the Germans. The Indulgences being found fo bene- 
 ficial to the See of Rome, the Sale of them became a particular 
 Trade, and was no more confined to certain Times and Jubilees. 
 
 Leo X. with a View to facilitate this profitable Commerce, and 
 at the fame Time to make the befi: of thofe, that could not come 
 to Rome, had thefe Indulgences hawked about in all Parts of 
 the Chriftian World. He conftituted Arcimboldus, whom the 
 had nominated to the Archbilhoprick oi Upfal, Director 
 of thefe Sales, and yoh?i Tetzel, one of his Subftitutes, had Saxony 
 aftigned him for his particular Province ; where, to the Afto- 
 nilhment of the Inhabitants, he abfolved People, not only from 
 paft, but alfo future Sins, for certain Rates, fet down in the 
 Tariff that had been given him. Luther, an Augufiine Monk, 
 and Profeffor at Wittenberg, thought himfelf called upon, to 1517. 
 exert his Zeal on this Occafionj he not only preached againft 
 thefe Indulgences, but made heavy Complaints of Tetzel'^ im- 
 pious Proceedings, firft to the Archbifhop of Mayence, and af- 
 terwards to the Pope himfelf. This Quarrel was looked upon 
 
 E e 2 in 
 
212 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 in the Beginning to be no more than a Sholaftick Controverfy, 
 which would foon be at an End j but Luther^ being led by Means 
 ' of the Doftrine, that had been broached upon Indulgences, to 
 examine into Matters, that related immediately to the Pope’s 
 Authority j heo X. fearing, what might be the Confequence of 
 this Step, fummoned him to appear at Rome. Frederic furnamed 
 the Wife^ Eledtor of Saxony, who approved of Luther's, Conduct 
 throughout the whole Affair, diffuaded him from going thither, 
 and obtained the Pope’s Leave for him to appear at Augsburg^ 
 in order to clear himfelf before Cajetanus, the Pope’s Nuncio. 
 
 Cajetanus, who had no Mind to difpute with Luther, infifted 
 on his recanting, and promifing to write no more on the Points 
 in Debate. This Luther confented to do, provided he might, 
 firft of all, be convinced of his Errors by the Word of God. 
 Hereupon Cojetanus denied to fee him any further, and Luther- 
 returned home. 
 
 The Year after died the Maximilian I. who, fo far 
 
 from fuffering himfelf to be perfuaded to proceed againft Luther^ 
 was ufed to fay: Fhat did the Clergy lead pious Lives, there would 
 be no Necejjity for Luther’i Reforming. His Succeffor Charles V. 
 who was of a different Difpolition, inftead of following the Ex- 
 ample of Moderation, fet him by his Predeceffor, fleered a dif- 
 ferent Courfe, and thereby gave Occafion to the violent Meafures 
 that were taken to nip the Reformation, If poffible, in its very 
 iszo. Bud. Luther was excommunicated, and his Dodlrines condemn- 
 ed j which Step, however conducive it might appear to be at 
 that Time, towards attaining the End that was aimed at by it, 
 proved to be the greatefl Fault, Pope Leo X. ever committed.. 
 For, on one Hand, he, by this impolitick Proceeding, brought 
 Luther to defpair ; and on the other, his pretended Infallibility 
 would not permit him to retrad: fo that all Means for bringing 
 
 Things to an amicable Compofition were at once taken away: 
 whereas had he fufpended the Decifion, and condefcended to 
 reform fome of the groffefl: Abufes, Luther complained of^ this, 
 
 in 
 
213 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 in all human Probability, would have afforded him an Opportu- 
 nity, to come off with tolerable Plonour. 
 
 The Pope’s precipitated Excommunication exafperated Luther 
 to that Degree, that in the fame Year he publickly burned the 
 Pope’s Bull, and at the fame Time the Canon Law. Several 
 Books were publifhed againfl: him, among which was that wrote 
 by Henry VIII. King of Liigland^ for which the Pope granted 
 him the Tide of Defender of the Faith. The Univerfities of 
 Paris, Louvain, and others, exerted themfelves likewife in Op- 
 pofition to his Tenets, but Learning, efpecially in religious Mat- 
 ters, was now become fo diffufive, that People eafily perceived, 
 who was in the Right. 
 
 Charles V. at length fummoned Luther, to appear at the Diet 
 of Wmnns, and for this Purpofe, granted him a Safe-Condudl. 
 The tragical End fohn Hufs had met with at Confance in 1415, 
 was remembered by Luther' 's, Friends on this Occafion ; they 
 fearing, that he might be brought into the fame Snare, if he ac- 
 cepted of the Safe-Condudt, difuaded him from it, but he being 
 of an undaunted Spirit, rejedted their Advice and appeared at 
 Worms. Here he refufed to recant as he had done at Augsburg 
 f three Years before j whereupon the Clergy infinuated to the 
 Emperor, that Faith voas not to be kept with Hereticks, to whicli 
 Charles V. made this generous Anfwer, that were no Faith to be 
 found in the Ref of the World, it ought at leaf to be 7 iiet with in 
 a Roman Emperor. Had this unexpedled Anfwer proceeded 
 from difmterefted Views, it would have deferved the greatefl 
 Encomiums, but what leffens the Merit of it is, that it was pro- 
 bably in a great Meafure owing to the Obligations, he lay under 
 to Frederic Eledtor of Saxony, who had refufed the Imperial 
 Dignity, after the Death of Maxitnilian I. and had procured 
 the fam*e to Charles V. Frederic's Generofity on this Occafion 
 went fo far, as to decline a large Sum of Money, offered him 
 by Charles, as an Acknowledgement for this important Service ; 
 and to tlireaten to difmifs fuch of his Courtiers, as fhould ac- 
 
 cept 
 
214 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick', 
 
 cept of the leafl GratiBcation, diredly or indired:ly, from the 
 Emperor. 
 
 Luther^ though he retired in Safety from the Diet, was im- 
 mediately after put to the Ban of the Empire. The Eledior of 
 Saxon)\ conhdering the Dangers, he muft inevitably be expofed 
 to, on his Return from Worms ^ ordered a Troop of masked 
 Horfemen to meet him upon the Road, and to guard him to 
 the Caftle of Warthurg near Eyfenach in Hhuringen^ whereby in 
 the Beginning neither his Friends nor Enemies had any Know- 
 ledge of what was become of him. About this Time, his 
 Tenets came to be received not only in Upper and Lo^er Saxony, 
 but alfo in other Parts of Germany, and in the North. 
 
 Ernejl was the firfl: of the Houfe of Brunfivick - Luneburg 
 that embraced Luther's Doftrine. Otho and Ff^ancis, his Bro- 
 thers, and Philip of the Line of Grubejthagen, followed his 
 Example ; they were all three prefent at the Diet of Worms, 
 and during their Stay there, Ernejl, with the Approbation of his 
 two Brothers, made the Preparatives that were neceffary, to in- 
 troduce the Reformation in the Circle of the Lower Saxony, as 
 his Uncle the Elector of Saxony was doing in that of the Upper 
 Saxony, Er?ieji, whofe Learning, Candour, and Integrity cannot 
 be too much admired, fhewed uncommon Prudence and Mo- 
 deration in carrying on his Undertaking ; publickly declaring to 
 his Subjedls, that his Intention was by no Means to force their 
 Confeiences, but only to afford them an Opportunity, to examine 
 the Merits of the Dodlrines in Debate, and to determine accord- 
 ingly. This candid and impartial Way of proceeding, was not 
 at all relifhed by the Popifh Clergy it is inconceivable, how 
 many Difficulties they ffiarted, and Snares they laid him, in or- 
 der to obftru6t his Defign : but all thefe Artifices, far from 
 
 leflening his Ardour, confirmed him the more in his Undertaking, 
 and made him look upon it as a Work, diredted by the Spirit 
 of God, which no human Power can withftand. His Father 
 Henry the Younger of the Houfe of Luneburg, being fiiil alive 
 
 in 
 
215 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick,. 
 
 m his Exile at Paris, the Popifh Clergy imagining, that his 
 Prefenee at home might be an Hindrance to the Reformation, 
 follicited him underhand to return, and for that Purpofe procured 
 the Repeal of the Ban of the Empire ; but here again they miffed 
 their Aim, for, though he came back to his native Country, he 
 was prevailed upon by his Sons, not to interfere in the Bufinefs 
 of the Reformation; whereby Ernejl was left at Liberty, to 
 purfue the glorious Scheme he had formed, gradually to abolifh 
 the Errors and Abufes, that had crept into the Church. An: 
 Undertaking of fo arduous a Nature, had it been confined to 
 his own Dominions, mufi; have required an uncommon Share of 
 Application and Conftancy ; thefe he chearfully exerted for the 
 fpiritual Welfare of his Subjeds ; nay, fo great was his Concern 
 for extending the Knowledge of the pure Faith, that he gene- 
 roufly fent learned Men to the County of Hoya, to Eaji-Friezland, 
 and other Parts of Germany, to preach the Gofpel in its native 
 Simplicity.. In a Word, fuch was his Zeal in the Caufe of the 
 Reformation, fo many and fo great were the Difficulties and 
 Oppofitions he met with on that Account, that he juflly merited- 
 the Surname that was given him of Confejfor. 
 
 As for the other Princes of the different Branches of this illufl- 
 rious Houfe, they did not behave uniformly towards the Re- 
 formation. The Line of Grubenhagen had Philip for its reign- 
 ing Prince, who embraced the pure Religion, as has been men- 
 tioned ; but his Brother Erich, then Bifhop of Paderborn, of 
 Ofnabruck, and of Mimjier, neither oppofed nor declared for it. 
 However, the Reformation made fome Progrefs in his three 
 Bifhopricks, and would have met with ftill greater Succefs, 
 had Erich openly countenanced it ; which, befides the Merit of 
 furthering the Caufe of true Religion, would, in all Probability, 
 have made him inflrumental, in procuring confiderable Advan- 
 tages to the Houfe of Brunfwick in after Times. Henry the 
 Tounger of the Line of W.olffenbuttel, who was prejudiced againft’ 
 the Reformation, endeavoured to hinder its Progrefs, as did his 
 
 four. 
 
2 1 6 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 four Brothers, Chrijiopber Archbifliop of Bremen^ Francis Bifliop 
 of Mindcn^ Erich Commander of the Teutonick Order, and 
 William Commander of that of St. ’John. George their youngeft 
 Brother, who after the Death of Chrijiopher^ became Archbifliop 
 of Bremen, and alfo held the Bifhopricks of Minden and of 
 Verden, embraced the Reformation. Erich II. of the Line of 
 Calenherg, having been brought up in it, by the Care of his Mo- 
 ther Elizabeth of the Elc<5toral Houfe of Brandenburg, not only 
 profeffed it openly, but folemnly declared, that he would per- 
 fevere in it to his End. Notwithflanding which, when he af- 
 terwards came to the Court of the Emperor Charles V. he was 
 prevailed upon to go over to the Roman Catholicks, and perfe- 
 cuted fuch as differed from it. 
 
 The Pope and his Adherents, being by this Time fully fenfible of 
 the Danger, they were threatened with from the Reformation, 
 thought of Means to flop its Progrefs. With this View, it was 
 Infifled upon by them at the Diet held at Spiers, that the Ban 
 declared againft Luther fhould be put in Execution, and that 
 all thofe that followed his Dodlrine fliould be comprifed in it. 
 But when the Emperor was on the Point of gratifying their 
 Defire, John furnamed the Conjiant, then Eledtor of Saxony, 
 Philip the Magnanimous Landgrave of Heje, Erneji the Conjejfor, 
 his Brother Francis, and other Members of the Empire, protefted 
 againlf it with fo much Steadinefs and Refolution, that Charles 
 was much ftartled at it, and determined to ufe Moderation for 
 the prefent. From this Time the Followers of Luther's Dodlrine 
 came to be called by the Name of Frotejlanfs. 
 
 The following Year the Emperor being refolved to try, whe- 
 ther a Reconciliation between the two Perfuafions might not be 
 brought about, appointed another Diet at Augjburg, where all 
 the Protejiant Princes appeared in Perfon, and at his Requeft 
 delivered to him, in Latin and German, their Confeffion of 
 Faith, with the Authority, whereon each Article was founded j 
 ■which from thence received the Name of the Augfiurg Con~ 
 
 fejjion. 
 
217 
 
 hleniolrs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 It was fubfcribed by every one of the Protejiant Priiices, 
 and being publickly read at the Diet, the Emperor could not 
 forbear from (bedding Tears, which were, doubtlefs, owing to 
 the Truth and Purity of the Dodrines, contained in it. The 
 ProteJlantSy however, not being able to obtain the Liberty of 
 Confcience they aimed at, every one returned home, to pre- 
 pare for a War of Religion, as they were fully apprifed, that 
 it was refolved upon by thofe of the RtmiJJj Perfuafion. 
 
 The Protejiant Princes, in order to be ready at all Events, 
 thought it expedient- to confult and take Meafures together, on 
 account of the common Danger. They met for this Purpofe 
 at Smalcald^ and folemnly entered into an Union, whereby they 
 ftipulated to affift each other with their Lives and Fortunes, in 
 Cafe of Need, againft thofe of the Roma?i Church. This Union, 
 in the Beginning, was only to fubfift for five Years, but was after- 
 wards renewed for ten Years more. The Parties concerned in 
 it were John Frederic^ Eledor of Saxony^ who fucceeded in the 
 Eledorate after the Death of John the Conjlant^ Erneji the Con- 
 fejfor^ and Francis Dukes of Luneburg^ George Marggrave of 
 Brandenburgs Philip Landgrave of Hejfcs Wolf Prince of Anhalt ^ 
 Gebhard and Albert Counts of Mansfelds with the Cities of 
 Magdeburg and Bremen, to which acceeded Chrijlian King of 
 Denmark, the Dukes of Pomerania and Mecklenburg, and the 
 Cities of Hamburg, Eimbeck, Northern, Franckfort, Brunfwick, 
 Hanover, Gojlar, Gottingen, Minden, Lubeck, Stettin, and others. 
 Albert Duke of Prujjia, who alfo had embraced the Reforma- 
 tion, offered to come into this Union, but was rejeded by the 
 Allies, on account of his having been put to the Ban of the 
 Empire, for taking Pruffia as a Fief from the Crown oi Poland, 
 and thereby difmembering it from the Empire. 
 
 The Roman Catholick Prince'^, on their Part, made likewife 
 an Alliance together, which was called the Holy League, Thofe 
 that entered into it, were the Emperor Charles V. Ferdinand 
 his Brother, King of the Romans, Albert Archbifhop of Mayence, 
 
 F f the 
 
 ‘53S- 
 
2 1 8 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 the Archbifhop of Saltzhurg^ the Dukes William and Lenvis'’^ 
 of Bavaria^ George furnamed the Bearded Duke of Saxony\ 
 Erich of the Line of Calenbergy and Henry the Tounger of the 
 Line of WolffenbutteL Henry was appointed by the League to 
 be Chief Commander of its Forces. 
 
 During all the Time that the Union of Smalcald fubfifted, 
 which was fifteen Years, each Party kept the other in Sufpence. 
 Nothing remarkable happened on either Side, except the Ex- 
 pedition of Henry the Younger of the Line of Wolff e 7 ibiittel againfh 
 the City of Gojlar. Its Inhabitants having fallen under the Dif- 
 pleafure of the Emperor Charles V. for burning a Convent within 
 their Walls, the Ban of the Empire was declared againfl them, 
 and Henry of the Line of Wolffenbuttel^ to whom the Execution 
 of it was committed, marched his Troops with a View of re- 
 ducing the City. It is probable, he flattered himfelf, that he 
 fliould mailer it, before the Inhabitants were able to engage any 
 one of their Neighbours in their Interefl, or perhaps, that this 
 City being profcribed, none would venture to efpoufe its Caufe. 
 However, to his great Difappointment, it happened otherwife j 
 ^ohn Frederic Elector of Saxo?iy, Erneji the Confeffor^ and Philip 
 Landgrave of Heffe^ in Confideration of this City’s being one of 
 the contradling Parties of the Union of Smalcald^ thought them- - 
 J542. felves obliged to haflen to its AfTiftance, and this they did fo 
 effedlually, that an Army of 22,000 Men approached He?iry's 
 Dominions, when he leaft expedled it. This Step not only pre- 
 vented his Defign againfl Gojlar, but his Forces being much 
 inferior in Number to thofe of the Protejlant Princes, he was 
 under a Neceffity of retreating, whereby he gave them an Op- 
 portunity to feize on all his Dominions, except the Fortrefs of 
 Wolff'enbiittel j which flood out for a confiderable Time, before it. 
 gave Ear to the Propofals of the Allies. The Garrifon, on be- 
 ing fummoned to furrender, anfwered the Meffenger, with this 
 Jeer : Yhat he tnight call again, 07 i the fame Errand, in two or three 
 Tears. The greater the Eagernefs was, which the Befiegers fhew- 
 
 ed 
 
219 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 ed in attacking the Fortrefs, by daily increaling the Number of 
 Bombs they threw into the Place, the more the Befieged braved 
 their Attempts, and in order to make them, feuliblc, how little 
 apprehenfive they were of being fubdued by them, they caufed 
 a Man to be placed on the Tower of the Cadle, and to found, 
 with a Trumpet, at repeated Times, a certain Tune, which in 
 thofe Days was ufed for fhewing the higheft Contempt. Here- 
 upon the Beliegers had all their Canon pointed at the Tower, 
 which, on account of the continual Fire, was at length, v/ith 
 the Mufician, brought to the Ground. This caufed fo great a 
 Confternation in the Fortrefs, that the Garrifon, not thinking 
 proper to exped further Extremities, a few Days after, ftruck 
 up a Capitulation and furrendered. Thus He?iry was intirely 
 dlfpofleffed of his Dominions, and retired to Bavaria j which 
 gave Ernefi the Confejjor, a favourable Opportunity of introdu- 
 cing the Reformation in the Woiffenbiittel Dominions, and alfo 
 in the City of Hilde^Joeim., notwithftanding the Ifrong Oppolitlon 
 made againft it by its Biflaop. 
 
 If we inquire into the Motive, the ProteJlajif Princes had, for 
 proceeding thus againft Hairy ^ and for not confining themfelves 
 to fruftrate his Defign upon the City of Gojlar^ we fhall find, 
 that he was looked upon by them, as a moft dangerous Enemy 
 to the Reformation. As they were thoroughly acquainted with 
 his blind Zeal and perfecuting Spirit, this induced tliem to ap- 
 prehend his Refentment, as he not only was a great Soldier, but 
 remarkably adive, and had an extraordinary Influence and Au- 
 thority over the Princes of his Perfuafion, who, without Referve, 
 fell in with whatever he propofed towards obflruding the Pro- 
 grefs of the Protejlant Religion. He continued in Exile till the 
 Year 1545, when, having raifed fome Forces, he returned, at 
 the Head of them, to his Dominions, and poflTelfed himfelf of 
 feveral Places j after which he laid Siege to the Fortrefs of Wolf- 
 fenhuttel. It was not long before the Landgrave of HeJJey and 
 Maurice Duke of Saxony, of the Albertine Line, got Intelligence 
 
 F f 2 of 
 
220 
 
 Mejmirs of the Houfe <^Brun swick. 
 
 of it, whereupon they advarxed with a confiderable Army to 
 its Relief. Henry^ finding himfelf thus difappointed in his 
 Defign, broke up the Siege with great Precipitation, and refolved 
 upon a Retreat, This, however, was not fo eafily to be accom- 
 plifhed ; both Armies were at fo little a Diftance from one ano- 
 ther, that it was impoffible for him to move, without coming 
 to an Engagement. Maurice did all in his Power to prevent the 
 Effufiion of Blood, for which Purpofe, having brought about a 
 CefiFation of Hoflilities till the Evening of the next Day, he 
 employed that Time in going from one Army to the other, to 
 mediate a Peace. Henry^ notwithftanding the great Difadvan- 
 tage, he at prefent lay under, rejefted all the Terms that were 
 propofed to him, infilling, that his Dominions fhould be rc- 
 flored to him j whereas the Landgrave, as pofitively, demanded 
 on his Part, that Henry fhould give Security not to moled; the 
 FroteJia 72 ts j that he fhould furrender himfelf to Maurice ; and 
 that he fhould fland by this Prince’s Award, in Relation to the 
 Charges of the War, as well as the Damages, he had caufed to 
 the City of Gojlar. Hereupon the Landgrave, in the Dead of 
 the Night, detached a Body of Horfe and Foot, with fome 
 Canon, and the Van-Guard, by Break of Day, being arrived to 
 a Pafs upon a rifing Ground, not far from Henry's Camp, the 
 Landgrave with the Reft of the Army followed thither. A 
 fharp Adlion enfued, and the Landgrave’s Canon having done 
 vaft Execution, this, with the great Superiority of his Army, 
 at length, put Henry upon filing for Peace j but it was now 
 too late, the Landgrave made no other Anfwer, than that he and 
 his eldcji Son Charles Vidlor mujl immediately furrender themfehes 
 Prifcners. This Propofal was, doubtlefs, a hard one, but the 
 Situation Henry was in, obliged him to make a Virtue of Ne- 
 ceffity j he therefore furrendered with his Son to the Landgrave, 
 who had them conduced to the Fortrefs of Ziegenhayn in Hejfe. 
 It is remarkable, that at the Arrival of thefe two illuftrious Princes 
 in the Landgrave’s Dominions, his whole Court was in great 
 
 Joy. 
 
221 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 Joy, except his Son William^ who flied Tears, and being afked 
 the Reafon, anlwered : That the Fall of Croefus, and the Advice 
 of Solon had juji occurred to his Memory. And, indeed, the vic- 
 torious Landgrave, who then was in the Height of his Glory, 
 and unacquainted with the Viciffitudes of Fortune, little thought 
 at this Time, that in two Years, Things would take another 
 Turn, and he be obliged to fubmit to as bad Conditions. 
 
 Not long after Henry's Cataftrophe the Union of Smalcald 
 ended. The Year following the Emperor appointed a Diet at 
 Augsburg^ whither but few Protefant Princes fent their Am- 
 baffadors, and little Hopes appeared of compofing the Differences 
 in Religion. At length Charles V. ftirred up by the unwearied 
 Applications of the See of Rome., began to levy Troops, whereof 
 the Eledlor of Saxony, the Landgrave of Hejfe, Ernef the Con- 
 feffor, and the other Protefant Princes, eahly perceiving the 
 Meaning, put themfelves in a S:ate of Defence j to which they 
 were the more inclined, as they had Intelligence, that the Em- 
 peror had agreed with the Pope, to force all the German Princes 
 to obey the Council of Trent, which then had juft affembled. 
 However, that their Proceedings might not be liable to finifter 
 Interpretations, they publiflied a Manifefto, wherein they fet 
 forth the Motives, they had, for taking this Step j at which the 
 Emperor was fo incenfed, that he put them forthwith to the 
 Ban of the Empire. Whatever might be his. Views, in this rafh 
 Determination, it had no other Effedt, than that of accelerating 
 the War, which, without it, perhaps might have been delayed for 
 fome Time longer. The Protefant Princes, being convinced of 
 the Emperor’s Intention to layaConftraintupon their Confciences, 
 declared War againft him, and it is faid, that in the Declaration,, 
 that was fent to him on this Account, they even avoided giving 
 him the Title of Emperor. Having affembled an Army of 
 100,000 Men, they marched to Ingolf adt in Bavaria, where 
 the Emperor, who was not in a Condition to make Head againfl 
 them, had intrenched himfelf. They canonaded his Camp, 
 
 but 
 
 I 
 
 is^. 
 
2 22 
 
 > 547 * 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 but neglected to take further Advantage of his Situation, whereby 
 he gained Time, not only to drav/ to himfelf Troops from 
 Italy and Spain^ but to ally himfelf with Maurice Duke of 
 Saxony of the Albertine Line j who, in Confequence of this 
 Alliance, fell upon the Dominions of the Elector of Saxony, and 
 made great Progrefs in fubduing feveral of his Cities. This 
 fudden Irruption obliged the Army of the Pi'otejlants to retreat, 
 in order to fuccour the Elediorate j they were extraordinary 
 fuccefsful againft Maurice, from whom they not only recon- 
 quered all the Places he had feized upon, but, turning the 
 Tables upon him, made themfelves Mafters of almoft all the 
 Territories that belonged to him. The Emperor, during this 
 Time, received feveral Reinforcements, and finding himfelf now 
 in a Pofture to face his Enemies, marched by the Way of Bo-- 
 hernia to Saxony, where Maurice having joined him, he furprized 
 the Protejiant Princes, juft at a Time, when their Army was 
 divided, and a Part of it employed in making Conquefts upon 
 Maurice. The River Plbe feparating the Lnperial and Protef- 
 tant Armies, the Eledtor, who was at the Head of the latter, 
 in the Beginning thought his Army in Safety j but the Imperialijis, 
 having got together a Number of Boats, wherewith they con- 
 flrudled a Bridge over that River, and a Peafant, whofe Horfes 
 the Saxons had taken againft his Will, having fhewed the Im- 
 perial Cavalry a Place, where the Elbe was fordable : the Eledtor 
 was fenfible of the Danger he was now in, and refolved to re- 
 treat under the Canon of Witte?iberg. The Duke of Alba, who 
 commanded the Lnperialijls, having perceived his Defign, fol- 
 lowed him with fo much Expedition, that the Protejlants were 
 forced to make a Stand near Muhlberg, and to come to a Battle j 
 which ended fo fatally for them, that they not only loft the Day, 
 but a great Number of them were either cut in Pieces, or made 
 Prifoners, amongfl the latter was the Eledtor himfelf, with Er- ' 
 nejl, eldeft Son of Philip of the Line of Grubenhagen, who com- 
 manded a Part of the ProteJla?it Army, and, according to the 
 
 Report 
 
223 
 
 Memoirs of the Uoufe (^Brunswick. 
 
 Report even of the Roman Catholicks, behaved with great 
 Bravery in this unfortunate Action. 
 
 Both Princes were led Prifoners to the Imperial Court, and 
 had not their Religion afforded them Comfort in their prefent 
 Diflrefs, they might have funk under the Weight of it, and have 
 been tempted, with Pompey, to exprefs their Amazement, that 
 Providence fhould fometimes feem to favour the worft of Caufes, 
 that of Tyranny again ft Liberty, and that of Oppreffion againft 
 Juftice. Their Misfortunes were not felt by themfelves alone, 
 but by all the Protejiants. The Confternation, they lay under 
 on this Occafion, is not to be expreffed, and yet it was imme- 
 diately after confiderably increafed, by the Succefs the Imperial 
 Miniftry had, in depriving the Landgrave of Hejfe of his Liberty, 
 by a moft unworthy Stratagem. This Prince, who had not 
 been prefent at the Battle abovementioned, and was in a Conditi- 
 on, to traverfe the Emperor’s violent Meafures, againft the Pro- 
 teJiantSy had been prevailed upon to confent to come to the Em- 
 peror, and to make his Submiftion to him, on Condition, that 
 he ftiould be difmiffed from his Prefence without any Imprifon- 
 ment. With this the Emperor complied, and a Treaty accord- 
 ingly having been drawn up, which confifted of feveral Articles, 
 befides the above Condition, the Landgrave went to meet him 
 at Halkj where a feeming Reconciliation happened between 
 them. The Landgrave, who fufpedted no double Dealings, 
 went to withdraw, after having returned Thanks to the Em- 
 peror ; but found himfelf moft ftrangely deceived in the Opini- 
 on, he had formed of the Sincerity of the Imperial Court. To 
 his great Surprize, the Emperor caufed him to be imprifoned, 
 and upon Complaints made on this Account, anfwered, Phat he 
 had not promifed that he Jkould not he cojijined^ but only that he 
 Jhould not be condemned to perpetual Imprifonment j and when, 
 hereupon, the Treaty came to be infpedled into, it was found, 
 that the Word emige or any^ which together with other Words 
 was intended to fignify, without any Imprifonment^ had been, by 
 
 Cardinal 
 
224 
 
 I 
 
 < 550 . 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe <?/'Brunswick« 
 
 Cardinal Granvella'% Contrivance, fo far altered, as perfedly 
 to refemble the Word ewige or eternal. Thus the Senfe bearing, 
 that the Landgrave Ihould not be kept in eternal or perpetual 
 Imprifonment, he was, in Spite of all the Reprefentations made 
 by the Princes, that had mediated his Accommodation with the 
 Emperor, reduced to the Neceflity, of fliaring a like Fate with 
 '^ohn Frederic Elector of Saxony, and with Er?iejl of the Line of 
 Grubenhagen. 
 
 Whilft the Power of the Protejlants thus remarkably declined, 
 that of the Roman Catholicks acquired new Strength. The 
 Landgrave of Hejfe, by the Treaty concluded with the Empe- 
 ror, had engaged himfelf, to fet Duke Henry the Younger of the 
 Line of Wolffenbuttel, and his Son at Liberty, to reftore his 
 Country to him, to difcharge his Subjeds from the Oath of 
 Fidelity they had taken to the Landgrave, and compound with 
 Henry for the Damages he had fuftalned. In Confequence here- 
 of, Henry regained his Liberty, with the Polfeffion of his Do- 
 minions, and it being now his Turn to triumph over his Ad- 
 verfaries, he commenced a Suit againft the Protejlant Confe- 
 derates in the Imperial Chamber for the paft War, wherein he 
 had met with fo bad Succefs j and having put his Affairs into a 
 pretty good Poflure, refolved to fhew his Difpleafure towards 
 the City of Brunfwick, for feveral Reafons, particularly on ac- 
 count that its Inhabitants had embraced the Prot.jiajit Religion 
 againft his Will, and had fhewn too great a Partiality in the 
 War between him and the Landgrave of Hejfe. With this 
 View, having made the neceffary Preparations for carrying on 
 his Defign, he clofely befieged the City j his Canon did great 
 Execution, and it is probable, that the Inhabitants, though they 
 made a ftout Defence, would have been obliged to comply with 
 his Terms, had not feveral Powers interefted themfelves in 
 their Behalf, and prevailed upon him to reftore Peace to the 
 City, after Hoftilities had been carried on between both Parties 
 for above two Months. 
 
 The 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 225 
 
 The Emperor was one of thole that took a Concern in this 
 Affair, ' as did likewife the Hans lowns^ and it feeins, that 
 Henry's, pacifick Difpofitions on -this Occafion , were rather 
 owing to the Interpolition of the latter, than of the former. 
 
 Howbeit, this appears to be one of the laft Inftances of the 
 Credit and Authority this formidable AlTociation had acquired to 
 itfelf; for from this Time, we find, that its Power gradually 
 lelTened, and that, fliortly after, the AlTociation was intirely dil^ 
 folved. We have already obferved in the Life of Albert the 
 Greats about what Time this famous AlTociation -probably took 
 its Rifej the Contrivers of it had no other View, in the Beginning, 
 but to promote a Trade with foreign Countries-, for which Purpofe 
 they eftablilbed four principal Counters or St iples, viz. one at 
 London, one at Bruges in Fla?iders, one at Neugard in RuJJia, 
 and one at Bergen in Norway ; 85 Cities, among which were 
 Bru?ifwick and Luncburg, compofed this Aflbciation, and Limbeck 
 had the chief Direbtion. This Society became powerful, in 
 Proportion as Trade increafed their Riches, and at length alTumed 
 fo great an Authority , that it arbitrarily decided Differences 
 amongft their Neighbours, and even made itfelf formidable to 
 the Princes of the Empire, and to the Kings of Denmark and 
 Sueden, during almoft three hundred Years. If we inquire into 
 the Caufes of its DilTolution, we fliall find them to be thefe ; 
 
 I. That the advantageous Privileges and Immunities the Hans 
 Downs enjoyed in England, Denmark, Sueden, Poland, and Pujjia, 
 came to be gradually retrenched; 2. That all Nations, being 
 made fenfible of the Ufefulnefs of Navigation, by the Riches 
 that came from the Indies, gave into it, whereby the Monopoly 
 of Lubeck confiderably decreafed, and at length ceafed totally ; 
 
 3. That the Cities fituated on the Sea, being thofe, that reaped 
 moft Advantage from this AlTociation, and the others never- 
 thelefs bearing an equal Share of Expence, the latter, in Procefs 
 of Time, were tired, and renounced the Affociation on this 
 Account; 4. That fom the Time a fupreme Court of Judicature 
 
 G g was 
 
2 26 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 was fixed in Germany^ there appeared no farther Occafion 
 for applying to their Authority, as was ufual, in order to have 
 Differences determined and adjufled. Ail that now remains of 
 this once famed Society, confifts of the Cities of Hamburgh Bremen^ 
 •SivA^Lubeck^ which continue to be affociated, and to ftile them- 
 felves bv the Name of Hans "Towns, 
 
 Henry's, Ardour in perfecuting the Prctejlants vifibly abated 
 from the Time of his Difappointment before the City of Brimf- 
 wick. It was not fo with his Brother, Chrijiopher Archbifhop of 
 Bremen. He endeavoured with all his Power to flop the Progrefs 
 of the Reformation in his Archbifhoprick, and finding the Bre- 
 mers refolute in the Defence of it, caufed his Coufin Erich II. of 
 the Line of Calenberg^ to invefl that City. At the fame Time 
 the Imperial General Croning received Orders, to march from 
 the Netherlands to fupport the Siege, whereby the Citizens of 
 Bremen were reduced to great Straits. Notwithflanding the 
 Danger, that threatened them, they did not defpair, but 
 applied to Albert Count of Mansfeld^ and prevailed upon him to 
 come to their Aflifiance. Chrijiopher Count of Oldenburg^ joined 
 him, whereby their Army became fo confiderable, that Erichy 
 fearing an Invafion in his own Dominions, raifed the Siege and 
 haftened to meet his Enemy. Both Armies came up with one 
 another near Drackenburg in the County of Hoyay but too foon 
 for Erichy who was in Expedlation of being joined by his Ge- 
 neral Wriejberg. Of this the Count of Mansfeld taking Advan- 
 tage, attacked him, and made fo great a Slaughter among his 
 People, that Erich was obliged to leave him the Field of Battle, 
 with all his Artillery. 
 
 The BremerSy who were already under the Difpleafure of the 
 Imperial Court, for having embraced the Reformation, drew on 
 themfelves a new Odium, on account of Erich's Defeat, fo that, 
 when they endeavoured to reconcile themfelves with the Empe- 
 ror, he, among other Conditions, exprefily infilled upon their 
 making this Prince Satisfadion. However, this Injundion was 
 
 fuperfeded. 
 
227 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 fuperfeded, by the favourable Turn, Affairs foon after took for 
 the Protejiants^ which gave the Bremers an Opportunity to ex- 
 tricate themfelves with Honour. 
 
 Notwithftanding the Protejlants^ after the unfortunate Battle 
 near Miihlberg^ had but little Hopes of ever retrieving their Caufe, 
 or of obtaining a free Exercife of their Religion ; the Emperor’s 
 Breach of Promife with Refpedt to the Landgrave of HeJJe^ at 
 length gave Occafion, that Matters were brought to fuch a Crifis, 
 as ended to the Advantage of the Reformation. The Emperor, 
 having diverted the confined Eledfor John Frederic of his Elec- 
 torate, and difpofed of it in Favour of Maurice Duke of Saxony 
 of the Albertine Line, flattered himfelf, that this Prince would 
 thereby be induced to approve of all the Meafures, that were 
 taken by him in the Empire. But Maurice, who had been a 
 chief Inrtrument, in bringing the Landgrave to the Emperor’s 
 Court, and had engaged his Word for his fafe Return, far from 
 blindly coming into the Emperor’s Schemes, thought his Honour 
 forfeited, in Cafe he did not exert himfelf in Behalf of the Land- 
 grave ; for which Purpofe he rtrenuoufly follicited his Releafe. 
 Herein he was feconded by the other Princes that had negotiated, 
 in Conjundtion with him, the Landgrave’s Accommodation, and 
 by almort all Ger?nany j which at length gave Occafion, that 
 publick Complaints were made, at the Diet of Augsburg, of the 
 Emperor’s Proceedings, and that it was infirted upon, that the 
 Landgrave fhould be fet at Liberty. The Emperor had Addrefs 
 enough to elude their Intreaties, by giving the Diet to under- 
 rtand, that Matters which concerned the publick Good, ought 
 to be determined, before any Affairs, relating to the Intererts of 
 particular Perfons, were taken into Confideration. In Confe- 
 quence hereof, among other Points, he propofed, that as there 
 was a NecelTiiy of re-ertablifliing Peace in Germany, by reuniting 
 the Parties that were divided about Religion, fuch a Medium 
 rtiould be pitched upon, as might in fome Meafiire fatisfy the 
 different Perfuafions. This gave Rile to a Regulation, that was 
 
 ^ S 2 drawn 
 
22S 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 drawn up, with Regard to all the religious Points in Difpute, 
 which was printed and publiflied in the Latm and German 
 Tongues, and ordered to be received in the Empire, as a Form 
 of Worfliip, dlablilhed ad i?iterim, till Matters could finally be 
 decided by a Council. 
 
 It is pretty well known, that this Regulation pleafed neither 
 the Ronmi Catholicks nor the Prctejlants^ and moreover, brought 
 feveral Cities of the Empire into great Difirefs. But as this 
 Subjedl is foreign to our prefent Purpofe, we decline entering 
 upon Particulars, and fhall only obferve, that none rejected this 
 Regulation with more Firmnefs, than the Princes who were un- 
 der Confinement. Maurice^ at length finding his Endeavours in 
 Behalf of the Landgrave fruitlefs, judged that fome other Means 
 mull be tried, to engage the Emperor to give Ear to the Pro- 
 pofals, that had been made him upon that Account. Befides 
 which, he, being himfelf a Lutheran^ had for fome Time taken 
 a Refolution, at any Ra^^e to efface, if poffible, the ill Imprefiion 
 his Condudt had made on thofe of his Perfuafion, who thought^ 
 that he had facrificed his Coufin yohn Frederic to his Ambition, 
 and even that he adted in Concert with the Emperor to keep 
 him in Prifon : wherefore he bent his Thoughts on regaining ' 
 
 their Efieem, and knowing, that the only Way for that would 
 be, to attack Charles V. who was looked upon as a Tyrant, that 
 made Incroachments on their Confciences and Liberties, he left 
 no Stone unturned to put himfelf in a Condition, to make Head 
 againfl him. Having, for this Purpofe, made an Alliance with 
 Henry II. King of France^ he took the Field, and at the fame 
 Time publifhed a Manifeflo, containing the Reafons, that had 
 put him upon having Recourfe to Arms. After this he made 
 himfelf Mafter of all the Places that were in his Way to Augs^ 
 hurg^ which City he alfo feized upon, and thence marched to- 
 wards the Alps^ in order to take Poflefiion of the Paffes, and 
 prevent the SpaniJJ? and Italian Troops from penetrating into 
 Germany. His Army, by its near Approach to Frent^ obliged 
 
 the 
 
229 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of B r u N s v/ i c k. 
 
 the Fathers of the Council, that was there affembled, to difperfe; 
 the Emperor alfo, on his Part, was in fo great a Confternation, 
 that he fent his Brother Ferdinand, King of the Rowans, to 
 Maurice, with all Expedition to treat with him. Hereupon 
 thefe Princes had an Interview at Lintz in the Beginning of May^ 
 where tlie Eledfor, whofe chief Delign was to furprize the Em- 
 peror, then at Infpruck, endeavoured to amufe Ferdinand, under 
 the Difguife of being well inclined to Peace, and made a Con- 
 vention with him, whereby it was ftipulated between them, that 
 they fliould affemble at Pajfau on the tvventy-lixth of May, in 
 order to treat there of an Agreement, and that a Truce of four- 
 teen Days fhould be granted between the two Parties, from the 
 firfl Day of opening the Alfembly. This Piece of Policy had 
 all the Succefs Maurice could have wiflied for j for whilrt: Fer- 
 dinand went to the Emperor, to give him an Account of what 
 had been tranfaded, he, being willing to make the bed: Ufe of 
 the Time that remained till the Commencement of the Truce„ 
 to carry his De/ign into Execution, made his Troops advance 
 with all the Speed poffible, forced the Paffes in the Vallies that 
 led to Infpruck, with incredible Fortune and Bravery, and took 
 the Cadle of Ehrenherg, in fo much that nothing could prevent 
 him from marching on to Infpruck. But the Emperor, having 
 had the good Fortune to be apprized in the Night of the taking, 
 of that Place, immediately fet out in a Litter, on account of his 
 being then troubled with the Gout, and was attended by his Bro- 
 ther Ferdinand, and by the confined Eledor of Saxony, to whom 
 he gave his Liberty in this Jundure ; Erneji of the Line of Gruben- 
 hagen, his Fellow-Prifoner, having obtained his Releafe fome time 
 before. Maurice continued his March, in fo much that the next 
 Morning he enttetd^ Infpruck, where finding all the Equipages of the 
 Emperor and his Court, which they had not been able to carry off, 
 by Reafon of their hafty Flight, he gave them up as a Booty to his 
 Soldiers, except that of King Ferdinand, which he caufed to be 
 faved, on account of the Friendfliip that fubfified between them,. 
 
 Charles^ 
 
 155Z. 
 
3 ® 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 Charles^ in the mean while, had retired to Villach in Car'inthia^ 
 where he was in Safety, and appointed a Rendezvous at the Foot 
 of the Alps^ for what Troops he could levy, in order not only 
 to flop the Enemy’s Career, but alfo to fupport the Catholick 
 Party during the Affembly at Fajfau. Negotiations having been 
 fet on Foot at this Place on the Day appointed, the Princes, who 
 interpofed to mediate an Accommodation, employed themfelves 
 with great AlTiduity and Earneftnefs to compafs that End. 
 Among the Motives, that induced them, to ufe the utmoft Dif- 
 patch on this Occafion, was the imminent Danger the Land- 
 grave’s Life was in, the Emperor having threatened Maurice^ to 
 fend him his Head, in Cafe the Conditions he offered were not 
 accepted. Hereby the Negotiations in a fhort Time came to be 
 brought tofuch Maturity, that Matters were already adjufted on the 
 firft of Augiift, by a Treaty called the Facijication of Fajfau^ which 
 from that Time has been confidered by the F rot ef ants ^ as the 
 Foundation and Title of their Evangelick Liberty. There re- 
 mained, neverthelefs, feveral Articles to be fettled, concerning 
 their Interefl ; but thefe being looked upon as of too great an 
 Extent to be accomplifhed at Fnjfau^ were referred to a Diet, to 
 which the Froteflants confented, being content, for that Time, 
 with having laid a Bafis for their future free Exercife of Religion. 
 Three Years after, this grand Affair was refumed at Augsburg^ 
 where, after a great many Debates, it came to a Conclufion, to 
 the Satisfailion of the Frctefants. All Matters concerning their 
 Religion, Poffeffions, and Liberties, were fully regulated there 
 by Means of a Convention, which, on account of the Tranquil- 
 lity it reftored between both Perfuafions, received the Name of 
 the Fence of Religion. 
 
 Agreeable to the Treaty of Fajfau^ the Landgrave was fet at Li- 
 berty. The Motives which had given Occafion to the long Trou- 
 bles, the Empire had groaned under, being now happily removed, 
 Germany flattered itfelf with enjoying a profound Peace, when on 
 a fudden Albert Marggrave of Brandenburgs being difgufled at 
 
 the 
 
23.1 
 
 Memob's of the-Houfe ^/’Brunswick. 
 
 the Conclufion of the Treaty of Pajfau^ iliewed his Refentment 
 to feveral Princes of the Empire upun this Account. Henry the 
 Tounger of the Line of JVoljfenbuttd, in particular, had the Mif- 
 fortune to fee his Countries tall a Prey to Albert' % Troops, which, 
 under the Command of Volrath Count of Mansfeld^ pillaged and 
 defolated them with great Cruelty. This put him upon making 
 a Common Caufe \with Maurice Elector of Saxony^ who had 
 equaj Reafons to be diiTatished with Albert' ^ Conduit. For this 
 Purpofe, he joined his Forces to thofe of Maiiric'’^ and coming 
 up with the Enemy near Siverjkaufen in the Principality of Zelle, 
 an Engagement enfued. Both Armies having experienced Com- 
 manders at their Head, the Ad;ion proved very bloody and ob- 
 ftinate ; above 4000 fell on both Sides, and Albert^ unable to 
 ftand his Ground againf: the confederate Princes, was obliged to 
 quit the Field of Battle ; whereupon a great Number of his Peo- 
 ple were made Prifoners in the Purfuit. But, alas ! Henry would 
 fcarce have been tempted to covet fuch a Vidory, had he known 
 beforehand at what a Price he was to purchafe it j it coft him no 
 lefs than three Princes of his Houfe, whereof two were his firft 
 and fecond Sons, Charles Vidtor and Philip Magnus, and -the 
 third was Frederic, fecond Son of Erneji the Confejfor ; befides 
 the brave Elector Maurice of Saxony, who having been fliot 
 through the Belly, died of the Wound two Days after. Albert, 
 notwithftanding the Defeat, he had met with near Sbccrpaufcn 
 was very confiderable, appeared fo little difheartened at it, that 
 he raifed new Forces, and marched a fecond Time the fame 
 Year aeainft Henry. Erich II. of the Line of Calenberg, feemed 
 to be at that Time in Albert'^ Interefl, which put IMiry upon 
 ufing his Endeavours, to detach him from it, and having ob- 
 tained his End, he encamped his Forces near the Convent of 
 Stederburg in the Principality of Wolffenbuttel, waiting there for 
 the Arrival of his Enemy. It was not long, before Albert came 
 thither, and having put his Army in Battle Array, he mod: fu- 
 riouily fell upon Henry' ^ Troops, with Shouts, that feemed to 
 
32 
 
 Men loirs of the Houfe c/'Brunswick. 
 
 rend the Skies. Henry, on his Part, fuftained the firft Shock 
 with a moft incomparable Cahnnefs, firmly keeping his Ground, 
 without returning the Enemy’s Fire, or in the lead: altering his 
 Pofition. Hereupon Albert oi'dtrcA his People, who were greatly 
 fuperior in Number to Henry's Forces, to break into his Ranks, 
 but, inftead of getting the better hereby, he lod his Advantage 
 over him ; for Henry, having drawn up his Army on an advan- 
 tageous Spot of Ground, where he could not eafily be attacked 
 in Flank, received, with fo much Bravery, Albert's Troops, that 
 notwithftanding they charged him fucceffively, Line after Line, 
 he at length obtained a compleat, though bloody Vidory. 
 Hereupon Albert retreated, but Henry being determined, to 
 make the bed Advantage he could of this Vidory, and thereby 
 to put it out of Albert's Power of ever moleding Ins Dominions 
 for the future, clofely purfued him into Franconia j where hav- 
 ing forced him near Kltzingen to a third Battle, he intirely routed 
 the Remains of the Marggrave’s Army, and in Confequence 
 conquered from him the Fortrefs of Plajfenburg. After fome 
 Stay there, finding, that Albert was no more able to face him, 
 he fet out on his Return to his Dominions, revenging himfelf, in 
 his Way thither, on the Territories of fuch Princes, whofe Troops 
 had much annoyed his Subjeds in the former War j among thel’e 
 was Volrath Count of Mansfeld, in whofe Country he particularly 
 indulged his People to make Reprifals, for the heavy Contribu- 
 tions, that had been formerly raifed by him in the Dutchy of 
 Brunfwick. 
 
 As much as Henry’s Condud had been blamed by the Pro- 
 tejiants before this Succefs, as great were the Praifes they now 
 bedowed upon him, for having chadifed Albert-, whom, they as 
 well as the Roman Catholicks looked upon as the common Dif- 
 turber of the Peace of Germany. John Frederic late Eledor of 
 Saxony, was the only Perfon, that feemed piqued at Henry, on 
 account that his Troops had made too free with his Dominions 
 in palling through them, but this Affair being foon after adjuded, 
 
 John 
 
233 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 *John Frederic'^ Difpleafure fubfided almoft as foon as it began. 
 The Emperor, in particular, who then was waging War again ft 
 the King of France, publickly teftified the Senfe, he had of 
 Henry' ^ valiant and fuccefsful Behaviour on this Occafton, which 
 encreafed the high Opinion, he had conceived of him from the 
 Year 1528, when he was affifted by him in his Wars in Italy 
 and it is remarkable, that he preferved the fame Value for him 
 ever after. To this, doubtlefs, was owing the Regard he fhewed 
 him in fome critical Occurrencies : Thus he much contributed 
 to his being intrufted with the Chief Command of the Holy 
 League ; thus again, when Henry was confined by the Land- 
 grave of Hejfe, he earneftly intreated this Prince to fee him well 
 ufed; and laftly, never ceafed, making Intereft in his Behalf, 
 till he was fet at Liberty. It might perhaps be thought, that 
 thefe Steps proceeded folely from the Uniformity of Sentiments in 
 religious Matters between thefe two Princes, but what proves the 
 contrary is, that Henry now and then, when Things went not 
 to his Liking, fo little fpared the Emperor’s Character and his 
 Miniftry, that, confidering Charles'^ ambitious Temper, it can 
 hardly be prefumed, that he would have bore with him as he 
 did, on the Score of Religion alone j nor could the Impreffion, thefe 
 Reports muft have made upon him, been counter-ballanced by 
 any Thing elfe, than by the Opinion he had of Henry's fuperior 
 Merit. We find him charged with having in his Letters more 
 than once accufed Cardinal Granvella, of fuffering himfelf to be 
 bribed by the Proteftants j adding, that he wtfed, he might come to 
 a JJ:a?neful End, according to his Deferts. It was further faid, 
 that he publickly affirmed, the Emperor 'was afleep and could not be 
 rowzed ; and that Granvella made Ufe of his Name only for a Cloke 
 and Terror, as dead Hawks are fet up to frighten away other Birds. 
 The Frotefants failed not, on their Part, to publifh thefe his 
 Sentiments, at the fame Time that they charged him with Im- 
 piety, and with making a Scoff of the Roman Catholick Religion, 
 whereof he pretended to be the Defender. This they took upon 
 
 H h them . 
 
2 34 Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 them to prove by the following Inftance : Henry had married 
 
 a Princefs of the Houfe of Wurtemherg^ who, among other 
 Ladies, that waited on her, had one, named, E,ve de Trotte^ a 
 Lady of great Beauty, with whom Henry was fo much taken, 
 that he made his Addreffes to her, and at length prevailed upon her 
 to comply with his Defires. However, to prevent the Intrigue 
 from being difeovered, and that he might have an Opportunity of 
 enjoying her Company without Controul : it was agreed between 
 them, that fiie fliould pretend to return to her Parents, for which 
 purpofe Henry was to furnifh her with a Waggon, Horfes and all 
 Things necefiary. Eve accordingly fetout, but inftead of haftening 
 back to her Parents, (he ftoppedpn the Road at GanderJJieim^ where 
 (he pretended to be very fick, and took her Bed. One of Hen- 
 rf% chief Officers at thisJPlace, having received Inftrudtions before- 
 hand how to behave, had engaged two Women, in whom he 
 mofl confided, to fecond him in carrying on the following Strata- 
 gem. They in Purfuance of the Order given them, prepared an 
 Image made of Wood, repefenting the Head, Neck, and Bread: of 
 an human Body^ the other Parts, which confided of Linnen, were 
 fluffed up with Duff or Earth, and adjufted to the wooden Buffo, 
 which they likewife covered over with Linnen. The Image be- 
 ing thus arrayed, was kid on the Floor, and prefently after one 
 of the Women ran to the faid Officer, crying out, that Eve was 
 dead. Hereupon he immediately ordered a Coffin to be made, to 
 put the Body in, and that curious People might be ^evented 
 from approaching the Corps, it was given out, that ffie died of the 
 Plague j to ftrengthen which Report, Juniper Berries and other 
 odoriferous Things were burned over it. The fuppofed Corps 
 was afterwards carried in Funeral Pomp to the Church of the Gray 
 Friars, where it was honourably interred j the Francifeans per- 
 forming all the ufual Ceremonies and praying for the Soul of the 
 deceafed; which they did fora whole Year after, exhorting the 
 People in their Sermons to do the fame. Moreover, by the Duke’s 
 Order, a Funeral Office was performed for her not only at Ga?i- 
 
 derjhei.my 
 
235 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 derjhetm^ the Place where it was faid fhe died, Priefts being for 
 this Purpofe invited thither from the Neighbourhood, but the 
 fame was alfo folemnized at Wolffenbiitteh, where the Dutchefs 
 herfelf, with her Ladies and Maids of flonour, affifted at the 
 Office, in deep Mourning. In the mean time £iv, whofe Death 
 was thus lamented by fo many, lived in perfed: Health at the 
 Caftle of Stauffenburg^ whither Henry had caufed her to be coii- 
 dudedby trufty People, and where, from that time, he fo frequent- 
 ly vifited her, that ffie had feven Children by him. A Rumour af- 
 terwards prevailing, that ffie wasftill alive, it excited the Dutchefs’s 
 Jealoufy, and put her upon making ftrid Inquiry of the Servants 
 about the Truth of the Matter, but Heiiry took fo much Care, 
 to prevent thofe that could give any Information, from coming 
 near her, that the Dutchefs, though ffie always fufpeded him up- 
 on this Account, yec was never able to learn the Truth, or come 
 at fuch Circumftances, as might amount to a Proof of his Infide- 
 lity. 
 
 We ffiall not take upon us to vouch for every particular Cir- 
 cumftance of this odd Story j however, it is certain, the Pro- 
 teftants gave Credit to it in the Main, fince they charged Henry 
 with it in their publick Writings, and what makes the Thing ap- 
 pear yet more probable is, that Henry ^ who never failed juftifying 
 himfelf, when called upon by his Enemies to anfwer thofe Writ- 
 ings, very llightly touched upon what was objeded againfl; him 
 with Relation to this Intrigue. It is vifible, that the whole Scope 
 of the Proteftants in mentioning it, was, to render him odious to 
 thofe of his own Perfuafion \ herein, however, they miffed their 
 Aim, and had not the Landgrave of Hejfe been fo fuccefsful, as to 
 feize upon his Dominions, and take him Prifoner, the Reforma- 
 tion would have been much obftruded, by his Ardour in perfe- 
 cuting fuch as countenanced it. We may eafily conceive, how 
 much the Proteftants both hated and feared him, by the Rigour 
 they ufed him with, and it is worthy of Note, that when he was 
 confined at Ziegenhayn^ Luther himfelf wrote a Book, on Purpofe, 
 
 H h 2 to 
 
236 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 to dilTuade the Proteftants from fetting him at large ; while his 
 Subjedls, on the Landgrave’s taking PolTeflion of his Dominions, 
 ordered publick Thankfgivings to be made in their Churches on 
 this Revolution. And here we may be allowed to admire the 
 wonderful Direction of Providence, which not only put it out of 
 this Prince’s Power to ruin the Proteftant Caufe, when he was in 
 fo fair a Way of accomplifhihg it, but likewife wrought at length 
 a mofl furprifing and unexpected Change in his Sentiments, con- 
 cerning religious Matters. The greatefl Part of his Life to the 
 Concluhon of the Peace of Religion at Augjburg^ had been fuch 
 an uninterrupted Series of difficult and hazardous Undertakings, 
 tltat he himfelf chofe for his Motto : My Life is devoted to Refllefs- 
 nefs. After that memorable Epoch his Tafte altered fo much, 
 that from that Time to the Day of his Death, which happened 
 13 Years after, he gave himfelf up entirely to Peace, and to the 
 Settling of the civil Affairs of his Dominions. Moreover, having 
 found by Experience, that Conftraint and Violence are dangerous 
 Remedies, in all Cafes, that have any Relation to Confcience, he 
 carefully avoided to difturb his Proteftant Subjects in the Exercife 
 of their Religion j nay, towards the latter Part of his Life, when 
 his Thoughts on Futurity multiplied as the Number of his Years 
 encreafed, he employed himfelf, affiduoufly and with the greateft 
 Earneftnefs, in examining the T enets of the Proteftant Religion. 
 It is probable, he would have taken this Step fooner, had not fuch 
 of the Roman Catholicks, as had an Influence over him, amufed 
 him from. Time to Time, with the flattering Hopes, that a Gene- 
 ral and Free Council was to be held in Germany^ wherein the 
 Doctrines of the See of Rome would be vindicated to his Satif- 
 faCtion. But finding on one Hand, that his Expectations on this 
 Head were vain, and that, on the other, he acquired daily a 
 greater Infight into the Points in Debate, he at length came to be 
 fo thoroughly convinced of the Errors he had been in, that he 
 gave Way to the Power of Truth; and that his Conviction might 
 not remain a Matter of Doubt, he wrote circular Letters to the 
 
 neigh- 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 neighbouring Princes, and to the Directors of the Circles of the 
 Empire, wherein he declared, that he was fully perfuaded of the 
 Purity of the Tenets of the Augjburg Confejjion. As this Decla- 
 ration proceeded from a free Choice, fowas he conftantin abiding 
 by it to the End of his Life, which happened at Wolffenbuttel in 
 1568, in the 79th Year of his Age. 
 
 He was twice married, firft to Mary of the Houfe of JVur^ 
 tcmbergy and afterwards to Sophia Daughter of Sigifmund King of 
 Poland. By the latter he had no Iffue, but feveral Sons by the 
 former, whereof three, Az. Charles ViSfor, Philip Magnus^ and 
 yulius came to Years of Maturity.. The two elded; having 
 been flain in the Battle of Siverjloaufen abovementioned, yulius 
 alone fuceeeded him. Hidorians much extol the Merits of Philip 
 Magnus^ who underftood fix Languages, and* tranflated the Spa- 
 nip Hiftorian d' Avila into the German Tongue j moreover, he 
 is faid to have been very remarkable for his great Agility, being 
 able to fpring upright as high as he was himfelf. 
 
 We proceed now to Erich II. of the Line of Calenberg. Be- 
 fides what has already been faid of him, we find, that he was 
 well affedled to Philip II. King of Spain, Son of Charles Y. 
 and that having promifed to affifl him in his War againfl Henry 
 II. King of France, he adted in Conjunction with his two Re- 
 lations, Erneji and yohn of the Line of Grubenhagen, in the Spanip 
 Army at the Taking of the Fortrefs of St. ^.intin, and in the Bat- 
 tle that preceded it. yohn was wounded in his Knee, which oc- 
 cafioned his Death; hut Erich had the good Fortune to take feveral 
 Prifoners, among whom was one of the chief Generals of the 
 French Army. The important Services, he rendered to Philip, on 
 this and other Occafions, induced this Prince, to beftow on him 
 the Lordfhips of Uesfeld, JVoerden and Neuhoffen in the Nether- 
 lands, whereunto he added, as a further Teflimonyof hisEfleem 
 and Gratitude, the Order of the Golden Fleece. 
 
 Some Years after, Erich was engaged in a War againft Albert, 
 Grand-Mafler of the teutonic k Order. The Polifo and Prupan 
 
 Authors, 
 
 237 
 
 *5S7- 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 Authors, chiefly thofe that have given the Hiilory of this Order, 
 having confounded Erich of the Line of Calenherg^ with another 
 of the fmie Name, who w'as Brother to Henry the younger of 
 the Line of Wolffenhuttcl^ and Commander of the T^eutonick Or- 
 der at Memcl in Pri/JJia-, it is fit, we fhould redlify this Miftake, 
 by acquainting the Reader, that this latter Erich^ could not be 
 the Prince that made War againfl Albert^ becaufe he died in the 
 Year 1525. as will appear by conferring Table Y. whereas the 
 War, we are going to relate, happened in 1563. The Knights 
 of the ‘Teuto 7 iick Order in Pi'uJJiay who were dependent on the 
 Empire, by degenerating from the Virtue of their Predecefibrs, lofl: 
 a good Part of Prnjfia, whereof the Poles took PolTefiaon gradu- 
 ally, after having defeated them in feveral Engagements, during 
 a War of thirteen Years j wherein it is faid, that no lefs than 
 70,000 Prufjians were flain. All that the Knights were able to 
 fave, confifted in what is commonly called the Further Pi^uJJia^ 
 and even this was left them by the Poles on the hard Condition, 
 that their Grand Mafter fliould hold it as a Fief from the Crown 
 of Poland. An Agreement being, for this Purpofe, made in 1467, 
 the fucceeding Grand Mailers, with great Reludtancy, complied 
 with this Condition, and fome of them at length, refiifed to 
 take the Invelliture. This gave Occafion to a new War in 1519, 
 which lalled till the Year 1524, when Albert Marggrave of 
 Brandenburgs at that Time Grand Mailer, finding the Poles dif- 
 pofed to create him Duke of the Further PruJJias and to render 
 that Dignity hereditary in his Family, provided he would yield 
 Homage to Pola?ids accepted of it in the Year 1525, notwith- 
 llanding the folemn Protellations of the Members of the whole 
 Order, who were highly provoked at the Marggrave’s Proceed- 
 ing, whereby an intire Province was wrelled out of their Hands, 
 which had been polfelTed by the Feutonick Knights, near 300 
 Years. Erich, Brother to Henry the younger of the Line of Wolf- 
 fenbuttel, being, at that Time, Commander of that Order at Me- 
 7nel, was particularly injured by this Innovation, and llrenuoully 
 
 oppofed 
 
239 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe B r u n s \v i c k. 
 oppofed it, as did the Empire, which, never having given up its 
 Claim to PruJJia^ took this Step of the Marggrave fo much at 
 Heart, that he was thereupon put to the Ban of the Empire, and 
 the PruJJians^ by a formal Decree, difengagedfrom their Oath of Fi- 
 delity and Allegiance to him. Albert^ on his Part, laid all the Blame 
 on the Empire, for not having fufficiently affifted him againft the 
 Poles j and this Nation, in Order to fupport him, made a great 
 Stir againft the Empire, annulling the A 61 , whereby the Oath of 
 Fidelity of the PruJJians had been cancelled. At lenght the 
 tonick Knights proceeded to the Election of a new Grand Mailer j 
 but no Body taking upon him to execute the Ban, or todivefl Albert 
 of PruJJiay he remained in Poffeffion oi\t.(a) and Erich^ Com- 
 mander of that Order died the very fame Year, that the Further 
 Pru£ia happened to be fecularized. Thirty Eight Years after, 
 his Coulln German, Erich II. of the Line of Calenberg^ took upon 
 him, to revenge upon Albert^ the Injury done to his Relation. 
 In Order the better to difguife his Defign, he marched an Army, 
 confiiling of 14000 Men, into the Biflioprick of Munjler^ and 
 having there made the neceflary Dipoiitions for his Undertaking, 
 on a fudden turning about, pafled through the Dutchy of Lu~ 
 neburg with great Expedition, and from thence continued his 
 March through Meckkfiburg and Pomerania into Prujfia. Here 
 firfl of all, he laid Siege to the City of probably with a 
 
 View, thereby to oblige the City, in lieu of taking Albert's Party, 
 to accept of a Neutrality. This Step had the Succefs he defired ; 
 for the City not being in a Condition to make Head againft him, 
 accepted of his Terms, and befides this, complimented him with 
 a Sum of Money to haften the Raifing of the Siege. Flereupon, 
 
 Intel- 
 
 ( a ) The Grand Matter, frooi tliis Time , transferred his Refidence to Mergenthetm, or 
 li'Iergenthal, in Franconia, in which Province the Teutonick Order, ftill poffefies feveral I'er- 
 ritories, beftdes thirteen great Bailiwicks, fituated in different Parts of Germany ; which, if 
 contiguous, would make a confiderable Principality. As {ot Albert, his Family, bva 
 Treaty concluded with Poland in 1659, obtained the Sovereignty of the Further P rujjl'a , 
 and from the Beginning of the prefcnt Century, the Pofleffors of it, have acquired the d iye 
 of King. 
 
40 
 
 Me?notrs of the Houfe (^Brun sw ick. 
 
 Intelligence being brought him, that Albert had penetrated his 
 Defign, and was drawing up his Troops on the other Side of the 
 Vijhda^ he encamped his Army on this Side of that River, wait- 
 ing there for an Opportunity to a£l with more Advantage againft 
 bis Enemy. But this Refolution, though prudently taken, was 
 unnecelfary at this Jundture : Albert had no Mind to have his new- 
 ly aquired Country become the Theatre of War, or to leave to 
 the Sword the Decifion of the Difference that fubfiffed between 
 them j wherefore he made Overtures of Peace, and offering rea- 
 fonable Satisfadflon, Erich confented to a Negotiation, which ac- 
 cordingly was fet on Foot, and ended to their mutual Content. 
 As, during the Time of this Negotiation, both Sides of the Vif- 
 tula were covered with Soldiers, who, for Want of other Bufinefs, 
 employed themfelves in gathering Fruit, the P ruffian Authors 
 merrily call this War, the War of Nuts. 
 
 Hiftorians do not inform us, what were the Articles of Peace, 
 agreed upon between thefe two Princes, but it is certain, that 
 Erich did not thereby enlarge his Dominions, which he probably 
 had not in View, when he undertook this Expedition. However 
 he was fome time after fo fortunate, as to make a confiderable 
 Addition to his Territories, without Labour or Bloodfhed. The 
 Lordfhip of Spiegelberg, being a Fief of the Principality of Calen- 
 berg^ returned to his Houfe, by the Death of the lafl Count of 
 Pyrmont and Spiegelberg as did the Lordfhips of StoltzenaUy 
 Ehrenburgy Sieckcy Steigerbergy Siedenburgy Diepenau, and Ba- 
 renburgy by the Extinftion of the Family of the Counts of Hoy a. 
 This fell out in 1582 and 1583, but too late, to afford him an Op- 
 portunity of enjoying them any confiderable Time. For, having 
 in the latter Part of his Life, left his native Country and chofen 
 Pavia for the Place of his Refidence, he died there of an Aflhma 
 in the Year 1584, leaving no Iffue, neither by his firfl Wife 
 Sidoniay Daughter of Henry the Pious, Duke of Saxony j nor by 
 his fecond Confort, Dorothy Daughter of Francis Duke of Lor- 
 raine-y which was the Occafion, that thefe his newly acquired 
 
 Countries, 
 
241 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe <?/'Brunswick. 
 
 Countries, as well as the Pancipality of Calcnbcrg, fell to yuli- 
 us^ Son of Henry the Younger^ of the Li tie of JVolffenbiittel, 
 Erich ^ though he died without IlTue, born in Wedlock, left two 
 natural Children, by Catherine dc JVodam, a Nethsrlandifo Lady, 
 the firft of whom named Willi am ^ Baron of Harem and Li yield, 
 died without Pofterity, the fame Year with his Father, and the 
 other named Catherine, was niarried to yohn Andre^w Doria, Ad- 
 miral of Spain, Coufin and Heir to the great Admiral Andre'u: 
 Doria, Prince of Melji. 
 
 Having now compleated the Lives of Henry and Erich, who 
 were ftrenuous Oppofers of the Reformation, with this Dilference 
 only, that the firft, fome Time before his Death, came over to it, 
 as has been mentioned : we come back to thofe, that efpoufed and 
 promoted it from the Beginning, to the beft of their Power. 
 Philip of the Line of Griibenhagen, as, at the very Rife of the Re- 
 formation, he appeared zealous in forwarding it j fo did he as con- 
 ftantly fleer the fame Courfe, notwithflanding the Danger that 
 threatened him, and all thofe of the Augjburg Confefjion. We 
 may judge of his Steadinefs and Compofure of Mind, by the Ac- 
 count, Authors have given of the Manner, in which he received 
 the melancholy News of the Defeat of the Proteflants near 
 Muhlberg. So far was he from fuffering himfelf to be overwhelm- 
 ed by the unwelcome Report, that he coolly heard it related with 
 mofl of its (hocking Circumflances, giving Proofs of his Undaunt- 
 ednefs and Piety, by thefe Words, Deus pr ovi debit : nay, this firfl 
 tragical Relation being followed by another, that was not lefs af- 
 feding, and which informed him, that his eldefl Son Erneji had 
 been taken Prifoner in the Battle, he afked the Meffenger no other 
 Qi^ftion, but, whether or no hii Son continued JlriBly to adhere to 
 the Protejiant Religion j and being anfwered in the Affirmative, he 
 thereupon appeared quite fatisfied j although he loved this Prince 
 mofl tenderly, and had already lofl, in this religious War, a Son, 
 named Albert, in a Conflid that happened near Gicngen, be- 
 tween the Proteftants and Roman Catholicks, the Year before the 
 
 I i Battle 
 
242 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 Battle oiMiihlherg. Philipwa.s fo much taken up with the Concerns 
 of the Reformation, that' his Delires feemed to be intirely con- 
 fined, to fee the Day of the Conclufion of a Peace of Religion, 
 which he profelfed to look upon as the greateft Felicity, that 
 could befal him, on this Side the Grave. He had not, however, 
 the good Fortune to be a Witnefs to this happy Event, he fo ea- 
 gerly longed after j he died in 1 551, a Year before the Treaty of 
 Pajfau^ after a Reign of 61 Years, which appeared fo mild and 
 fo acceptable to his Subjedts, that they loved and revered him as 
 their Father, and were greatly afflidled at his Death. He left by 
 his Wife Catherhie, Daughter of Ernejl^ Count of Mamfeldy 
 four Sonsj Ernejl above-mentioned, Joh7iy Wolfgangs and Philip. 
 'John was killed in the Battle of St. ^intin^ as has been related. 
 Ernejt^ Wolfgangs and Philips came all three fucceffively to the 
 PolfelTion of the Pr-incipality of Griibenhagen. 
 
 As for the Houfe of Lu 7 ieburg^ the three Brothers, Ernejl the 
 Confejfor at Zelle^ Otho at Harbiirg, and Francis at Gifhom^ 
 neither of them lived to fee the Affairs of the Proteftants fettled 
 by the Treaty of Pajfau. Othoy the elder Brother, after having 
 employed all the Leifure, which a peaceable Life afforded him, to 
 fecond his Brother Ernejl the Co 77 feJfory in eftabliff ing the Pro- 
 tejla7it Religion in the Luneburg Dominions, died in 1549, at 
 Jiarburgy the Place of his Refidence ; leaving by his Wife Mech- 
 tildy of the Family of Campeny one Son, named OthOy who fuc- 
 ceeded him. Fra 7 icis the younger Brother, is reported to have 
 built a new Palace at Gifhorny which he incompaffed with Walls, 
 Baftions, and other Fortifications, according to the Tafie of the 
 Times he lived in. His Addrefs of Body, and Skill in military 
 Exercifes, are much commended in Hiftory, whereof he gave a 
 very particular Inftance at a Turnament, held in 1526, at the 
 Celebration of the Eledor of Saxo 7 ifs Marriage with a Princefs of 
 Ck'-ces at ForgaUy where having coped with JobJi Count of 
 Mansfeldy then efteemed a Mafter in thofe Exercifes, each ran 
 againft the other, with fo much Force and Dexterity, that both 
 
 were 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (p/' B r u n s w i c k. 2 4,3 
 
 were unfaddled at the firft Incounter j Francis had the Advantage 
 in the fecond j in the third, the Count got the better; and in the 
 fourth, they took their Meafures fo well, that they remained 
 fixed on their Saddles, in fo much, that the Spedtators admired 
 equally their Skill and Valour, and agreed, that neither of 
 them could claim any Superiority over his Antagonift. Though 
 Francis was much renov/ned for his military Accomplilhments, he 
 was flill more fo for his great Humanity, and ready Difpoficion 
 to aflifi; the Afflided ; it being recorded of him, that not only his 
 Purfe was at the Service of the Neceflitous, but that he likewife 
 thought it no Difparagement to his exalted Station, perfonally to 
 affift the Weak and Infirm, who happened to drop in the Streets, 
 or Roads, he accidentally pafl’ed through. This happy Mixture of 
 Humility and Benevolence could not but gain him the Love and 
 Admiration of all his Subjeds; thefe Sentiments they abundantly 
 exprelfed by their uncommon Grief at his Deceafe, which hap- 
 pened in the fame Year, his elder Brother O//60 died. This Lofs 
 affeded them fo much the more, as he left behind him no Male 
 Pollerity by his Wife Clare ^ Daughter of Magnus II. Duke of 
 Saxe Lauenburg. His Succeffion fell to the Sons of Ernejl the 
 ConfeJJ'or of the Line of Zelle. 
 
 Some Particulars remain fiill to be related of Ernejl^ which 
 could not find a Place above, according to due Order of 
 Time, without interrupting the Hifiory of the Reformation. 
 
 Belides the many Difficulties, fiarted by the PopiJJo Clergy, to 
 fruftrate his Endeavours towards promoting the true Religion; he 
 had others to ftruggle with, which were no lefs dangerous, and had 
 the fame Tendency, viz. to ftifle the Reformation in its very Birth. 
 
 In the Year 1 524, the Peafants made an open Infurredion in feveral 
 Parts of Germany, refufing to pay Obedience to their Superiors. 
 
 Not content with this, they took up Arms, and as if they had 
 given up all Thoughts of ever living in Peace again, they burned 
 and laid wade whole Countries, murdering their Mailers in a moR 
 barbarous Manner, running fome of them through with Spits, and 
 
 I i 2 after- 
 
- 244 - 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 afterwards, as inhumanly, compelling their Wives, to turn them 
 on the Fire. Thomas Muntzei\ a Prieft of Mulhaufen in Thiirhigcu^ 
 filmed for his extravagant and fanatick Principles, put himfelf at 
 their Head, telling them, that, as they had been dearly bought by 
 the Blood of the Son of God, it did not become them, to be Scr vaults 
 oj Men, and that as they were as good Chrifiians as their Majlers, 
 they had a Right to pretend to Independency, and to an equal Share 
 cf Property with them. Incouraged by the Credit they gave to- 
 thefe his Inflrudllons, he continued to iinpofe upon their Credu- 
 lity, perillading them, that they fhould get the better of their 
 Mailers under his Condudt, fince he had it in his Power, to in- 
 tercept the Canon B.dls with the Sleeves of his Caifock, whereby 
 he would prevent the EleSt, from being killed in any Engagement 
 with their Enemies. 
 
 Thofe of the Romijh Perfuaiion were fo unfair, as to place 
 thefe extravagant Proceedings to the Account of Luther's Doc- 
 trines. Erneji was fufficiently difpofed, for the Sake of the 
 publick Tranquillity, to put a Stop to thefe Commotions, but 
 what fpurred him on ilill more, to adl vigorouily on this Emer- 
 gency were the Calumnies, that the Roman Catholicks fo induilri- 
 oufly propagated, to difcredlt the Pretefant Caufe. Accordingly 
 he forthwith fent a Body of Troops againil this tumultous Rabble. 
 \ lis Example was followed by the other Princes of his Houfe, 
 and fuch prudent Meafures were taken, that the Rebels were im- 
 mediately forced to an Engagement, near Frankenhaufen in Thur- 
 ingen. Muntzer commanded his People in Perfon, but, contrary 
 to the Promifes, he had given them, he was immediately routed', 
 and thofe that efcaped the Sword, difperfed foon after ; where- 
 upon Duderftadt and Heiligenfladt, then in their Pofleflion, furren- 
 dered, and Muntzer being himfelf fhortly after taken at Franken- 
 with feveral others of their leading Men, received the Punifh- 
 inentthey hadfojuflly deferved. The Peafants, from that Time, 
 not being able to form themfelves into a confiderable Body, were 
 content with haraffing Suabia, Franconia and Thuringen, in 
 
 fmall 
 
I 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe B r u n s \v i c k. 245 
 
 rmall Parties, which obliged Erneji and the other confederate 
 Princes to divide their 7 'roops,in order to march in Queflofthern. 
 
 The Rebels had the Advantage to be perfedUy acquainted with all 
 the Avenues in thefe different Countries, which gave them an 
 Opportunity to poft themfelves in fuch a manner, as to be every 
 where almofl: inacceffible : Yet by the Vigilance and Refolution 
 of the Troops fent againft them, thefe Expedients proved but of 
 momentary Service j for all thefe Parties came to be defeated one 
 after another, and fo great was the Number of Prifoners taken in 
 thefe Rencounters, that the Relf thought proper to lay down their 
 Arms, and to return to their Duty, after above One Hundred 
 Thoufand of their Camarades had been killed during this Com- 
 motion. 
 
 Thefe Troubles had not been long appeafed, when there broke 
 out an Infurredlion of as dangerous a Nature as the former, which 
 feemed to threaten the Subverfion of the Civil Government, and 
 required more ^ime for quelling it, than Ernejl was aware of. 
 
 It was owing to a particular Sedl of Anabaptijh^ who after the 
 Redudlion of the mutinous Peafants, took it in their Head to 
 fettle in the Countries fituated on the Rhine ; but the Magidrates, 
 chiefly thofe of Strajburg^ fearing, that the neighbouring Parts 
 might the?«:by become the Theatre of a War, like to that which 
 was juft ended, ftrenuoufly oppofed their Defign, and fucceeded 
 in this their Purpofe, by feizing on their Ringleader Melchior Hopt- 
 mann. Thefe Anabaptijls, finding they could get no Footing in 
 Upper Germany^ retired to Wejlphalia and Holland ; out of which 
 lart Country they were likewife foon driven, on Account of their 
 extravagant Behaviour. Thus the whole Swarm withdrew to 
 Wejlphalia^ chiefly to the City of Munjier^ where they fettled a- 
 bout the Year 1532, or 1533. They introduced among them- 
 felves a Community of Goods, and maintained, that a vifible 
 Kingdom of Chriji was to commence on Earth, wherein all Ser- 
 vitude (hould ceafe, and the Pious have unbounded Rule and Au- 
 thority over the Wicked. Thefe Dodlrines were wonderfully 
 
 reli filed 
 
246 Memoirs of the Houfe Bruns wick. 
 
 reliflied not only by Vanatkh^ but alfo by thofe, that were in- 
 clined to Sloth, and whofe F ortunes were defperate ; hereby their 
 new Colony fo furprihngly increafed, that in a (hort Time they 
 got a Superiority in Munjiei^ which enabled them gradually to 
 dived and depofe the Magiftrates. yoh7t Mathc^d) Backer^ a Wea- 
 ver’s Son of Harlem^ who called himfelf a Prophet, became their 
 Chief, and finding his People not fulticiently numerous, dif- 
 patched Letters to all the neighbouring Cities of Gerinany and 
 Holland^ inviting fuch as were of his Sedt, to repair without De- 
 lay to MunJleKy in Order to augment the Number of the Believers. 
 This Step fucceeded beyond his Expedlation ; for by it, not only 
 the Number of his Adherents grew apace, but the new Comers, 
 being particularly attached to his Perfon, he by Degrees acquired 
 great Pov/er, and being willing to try it, the following Opportu- 
 nity offered. An aged Citizen, named Herbert^ pafTmg by, one 
 Day, while he was preaching In the Streets, and declaring his 
 Doubts concerning his Calh Mathew had the Man brought be- 
 fore him, and after reprimanding him for calumniating a Prophet 
 of the Lord, ordered him ’to be tied to a Pofl, and fhot him 
 through the Head with his own Hand. This Adt of Cruelty was 
 applauded by his People, but at the fame Time it opened the Eyes 
 of fuch of the Inhabitants, as were not his Sedtarles ; ' \ ho, fear- 
 ing the Calamities, that might, at length, enfue from this mock 
 Prophetical Government, refolved to leave the City. Mathew gave 
 them Liberty to take all their Effedls along with them, except 
 Provifions, which he forbad them to carry off. Their Places 
 were foon fupplied by VTgrants, who came in Sholes, from ajli 
 Parts to Munjier, and were admitted into the Houfes, that had 
 been quitted. Mathew, having now to deal with none but the Peo- 
 ple of his own Perfuafion, and being fenfible, they flood much in 
 Fear of him, began to adl in an arbitrary Manner. He publiflied 
 an Edidt, whereby all Property was abolifhed, and every one in- 
 joyned, on Pain of Death, to deliver into the common Chefl, 
 whatever Gold or Silver he poffelfed, whether coined or not^ 
 
 hereupon 
 
247 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brukswick. 
 
 hereupon the Houfes were fearched, and if a Piece of Plate, or 
 Money of any confiderable Value was found, the Owner could 
 depend on being immediately hanged, for having, as the Prophet 
 was pleafed to exprefs it, defrauded tke Holy Gho/i. Out of this 
 common Cheft, every Individual received daily as much, as was 
 necelfary for his Subfiilence j for which Purpofe, feveral Offices 
 were elfablifhed, under the Diredtion of a Magiff racy, confifting 
 of twenty two Aldermen and two Burgomaffers, dependent on 
 Mathew, who, though he affumed no other Title than that of 
 Prophet, yet exercifed the fupreme Authority. 
 
 Whilfl he thus employed himfelf in fettling the Government 
 of the City, Intelligence was brought, that the Bifhop of Munjler 
 had engaged Ernef the ConfeJJ'or and the other Princes of the 
 Houfe of Brunfwick, to march againfl the rebellious City. Here- 
 upon Matthew ordered all that were able, to work on the Forti- 
 fications, which in a fiiort Time, were brought to fuch a Degree of 
 Perfedion, on Account of the Number of Labourers employed 
 therein, and their confeant Application, that Mimfer was enabled 
 to hold out againfl; a confiderable Force, for near Eighteen Months. 
 As foon as the combined Army invefled the City, Mathew fet 
 afide his prophetical Fundion, to take up that of a General. He 
 made in Perfon a Sally into the Befiegers Camp, and returned with 
 fome Booty : fiufhed with this Succefs, he refolved upon another 
 the very Day following, and through a Temerity fcarce to be 
 parallelled, chofe no more than 30 Men to aflifl him. The Be- 
 fiegers, who had been the Day before in a Manner furprized, 
 were at this Time upon their Guard, notwithftanding which 
 Mathew vtDXmzdi to pufh forward; this having been perceived by 
 thofe that were in the advanced Ports of the Army, he was im- 
 mediately furrounded and cut in Pieces, with all that followed him. 
 Hence a general Conrternation feized upon all the Anahaptifis in 
 Munjler, who bein^- amazed, that the Sword had not fpared fo 
 great a Prophet as Mathew, began to fear for themfelves. But this 
 Apprehenrton they were foon releafed from, by the Craft of one, 
 
 called 
 
a+8 Memoirs of the Houfe <>/’Brunswick. 
 
 called 'Joht Bockolt^ a Native of Leyden in Holland^ who had been 
 Mathew's intimate Friend. This Man, who was by Trade a 
 Taylor, and had lately adled upon the Stage, having aflembled the 
 People, harangued them on Mathew's Virtues, whom he faid, to 
 have died as glorioufly as the Maccabees, and by artfully comparing 
 their Caufe with that of thefe Martyrs, gave them fo much Com- 
 fort, and fo high an Opinion of his Merits, that, with one Voice, 
 they proclaimed him the fitted; Perfon to fupply Mathew's Place. 
 Hereupon John, with a View, to heighten the Peoples Refped: 
 for him, ftripped himfelf naked, and running up and down the 
 Streets, as by Infpiration, cried out, that the King of Sion was 
 coming. The Burghers being curious to know, what the Spirit 
 had told him, reforted the next Day to his Dwelling, which he 
 had taken at one of the Burgomafters, where he a<fted liis Part 
 fo cunningly, that they took him to be realy dumb, and on his 
 feigning this to be his Cafe, and intimating by Writing, that they 
 fhould call again in three Days, they returned home, much grieved 
 at the Misfortune, that had befallen him, on entering upon his 
 prophetical Fundion. What moved fohn to take this artful 
 Step, was the Defire he had to get Time, for new-modelling the 
 Government, and when the People came back, purfuant to his 
 Order, he perfonating the Prophet, commanded, that the Old 
 Magiftrates fhould be forthwith cafhiered, and the City ruled for 
 the future by Twelve Judges, which he appointed accordingly. 
 Such was the furprizing Succefs he met with in this his arbitrary 
 Proceeding, that none of thofe that were prejudiced by it, durfl in 
 the leaft contradidl him, probably for Fear of incurring the Dif- 
 pleafure of the common People, who being overjoyed at fohn's 
 recovering his Speech, were ready to fupport any of his Schemes. 
 
 In the mean while, the Befiegers having confidered, that the 
 Continuance of the Siege would cofi: a great Number of People j 
 this, with the Defire they had, of preferving the City from Ruin, 
 if poffible, determined them to change the Siege into a Blockade 3 
 for which Purpofe, firong Redoubts were ere<fted at all the Ave- 
 nues 
 
249 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 nues leading to the City, to prevent Provifions from being carried 
 thither; whereby it was imagined, that Famine would at length 
 force the Burghers to furrender. Thus ycJm of Leyden got fome 
 Refpite for carrying on his extravagant Projeds. As he had been 
 too familiar with his Maid, and apprehended, that this Adion 
 might be prejudicial to his prophetick Authority, he refolved in- 
 tirely to abolifh Matrimony. For this Purpofe, having alfembled 
 the Burghers; he moved: Whether it JJ:ould be pennitted to tuke 
 feveral Wives'^ to which all anfwered in the Affirmative, except 
 one Man, whom yohny on Account of his Oppofition, ordered 
 to be taken up and forthwith put to Death. Hereupon, all the 
 Women fell a Prey to the Licentioufnefs of the Burghers; which 
 came to that Pitch, that Children, of 9 or 10 Years old, were 
 openly raviffied, and in three Days, not one unfpotted Woman 
 was to be met with in this populous City, yohuy belides his 
 former Wife, took 1 3 others, the handfomeft that could be dif- 
 covered in Munjier. Thele Schemes being of fo wild and dif- 
 folute a Nature, it is not to be prefumed, that all the Inhabitants 
 were fo deftitute of Reafon and Principles, as to give into them ; 
 there were many that abhorred them, and did not doubt, but 
 they mufl end at laft in the utter Ruin of the City. On this Ac- 
 count, fifty of them entered into a Plot, for delivering it up to 
 the allied Troops ; but when they were about putting their Defign 
 in Execution, yohn had Intelligence of it, and ordered them all 
 to be beheaded. Munjier had been ruled hitherto by the twelve 
 Men abovementioned, who called themfelves the Lwehe yudges 
 of Ifrael: yohn now took upon him the Title of King, com- 
 paring himfelf with Saul and David. The Judges attempted 
 to oppofe him, but he found Means to get the better of them by 
 the following Stratagem. A Silverfmith, who pretended to the 
 Gift of Prophecy, was fuborned to Rand up in the Affiembly of 
 the Believers, and to tell Ifraely that it was the exprefs Com- 
 mand of Gody that the Twelve yudges ffiould be difcarded, and 
 the foie Adminiftration of the Government delivered up to a 
 
 K k King. 
 
2 50 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 King. Scarce had he intimated this pretended divine Commif- 
 lion, but he rofe from his Seat, went up to John^ and prefented 
 him with a naked Sword, adding thefe Words: Thus fays the 
 Lord^ thou Jhalt he King of Sion, and over all the Univerfe. fohn 
 had the common Sort of People on his Side, they made extra- 
 ordinary Shouts on this Occahon, and none durft offer to difpute 
 him his new affumed Dignity, which he maintained in Spite of 
 the Twelve fham Judges of IfraeL It was a Matter of Surprize, 
 to fee hovv foon this Man, who had lately made fo defpicable a 
 Figure, framed himfelf to his new Station. From this Time, 
 he made thrice a Week, a Cavalcade through the Streets, having 
 a Sword, a Crown, a Bible, and a Globe carried before him, all 
 adorned with precious Stones, and the laft, having this pompous 
 Superfcription on it: Rex JuJlitia hujus Mundi, the King of 
 JuJiice of this World. A Guard confifting of 12 Yeomen, pre- 
 ceeded the Cavalcade, and 30 Horfemen clofed it, who were 
 all moft fumptuoufljr cloathed. And that his female Court might 
 have as fplendid an Appearance, he took to himfelf Mathew's 
 Widow, and caufing her to be crowned, ordered his Concubines 
 to wait upon her with all the Ceremonies, due to a Queen. Shortly 
 after this, two new Prophets arofe fucceffively j the firft, having 
 invited all the Citizens, with the King and his Court, to a Sup- 
 per, which was held in a Church- Yard, he made them enter 
 into a Covenant, whereby they mutually engaged, to live and to 
 die for their Religion. The other Prophet’s Errand was, to acquaint 
 the King, that it was the Will of the Lord, that he fhould fend 
 Miffionaries to the neighbouring Cities, in Order, to inform them, 
 that Chrijl's Reign was now began upon Earth, and to inftru6t 
 them in the new Dodtrines. For this Purpofe twenty fix Mifil- 
 onaries were difpatched to Ofnabruck, Soefi, and other Cities, but 
 the Inhabitants were fo far from fuffering thefe Fanaticks among 
 them, that they took them up, and rewarded their extravagant 
 Zeal with a Halter. One of thefe Apoftles, named Hilverfum, 
 was intercepted by the Befiegers j and being brought before the 
 
 Bifhop 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 Bifhop of Munjier, was pardoned by him, on Condition, that 
 he fliould return to the Anabaptiji King, and ferve the Befiegers 
 as a Spy in Munjier\ which he agreed to. On his Return, he 
 made the King believe, that the Cities of Amjierdam, Wefcl^ and 
 Deventer y were ready to acknowledge him for their King; which 
 being an agreeable Piece of News to yohn, he fent him immedi- 
 ately back, with Sums of Money, to forward this Defign ; but 
 Hiherfum^ inftead of acquitting himfelf of this Commiffion, as 
 he promifed he would, appropriated the Money to his own Ufes, 
 and returned to the Befiegers. In the mean while, Provifions 
 grew fo very fcarce in the City, that many were obliged to live 
 upon Roots and Leather. This made no Imprelfion upon Jchny 
 who told the People, that a great Succour fent by their Brethren 
 in Httllandy was adlually on the Road, which would foon put an 
 End to the Siege, yohn himfelf, fo little thought that he fhould 
 be deceived in his Expectation, that he fent an experi- 
 enced Officer, to conduct the Troops he waited for, and to di- 
 rect them to thofe Places, where they might be of mofi: Advan- 
 tage to him. This Officer never returned ; which appearing fuf- 
 picious to two of the King’s Pages, they refolved to go over to 
 the Enemy ; but their Abfcence being foon difeovered, they were 
 purfued and taken, when they had already pafibd the Fortrefsj 
 whereupon, being brought before the King, he murdered them 
 with his own Hand. One of his Wives, named Elizabeth ^ 
 fhortly after had a like Fate. She being grieved to fee the Mifery, 
 the famiffied Citizens laboured under, told him ingenuoufly, that 
 {he could not believe, that a Service was done to God, by the 
 Death of fo many poor People ; whereat yohn was fo much in- 
 raged, that nothing but her Life was thought a fufficient Attone- 
 ment for the Offence. He had her conducted to the Market- 
 Place, where all the Inhabitants having been previouily affembled, 
 he, in their Prefence, chopped off her Head himfelf, his other 
 Wives, on their Knees, looking at the Execution, and finglng a 
 Thanksgiving Hymn to God, after it was over. His Authority 
 
 Kk 2 was 
 
252 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 was now grown to fuch a Height, that all this pafled without the 
 leaft Murmuring; nay, fo implicitly was the Credit given him by 
 his Favourites, that they accepted from him Grants of Territories 
 in Germany^ which, he faid, would foon be under his Subjedlion, 
 with the Reft of the World. Hiherfumy in the mean while, 
 had found Means to difperfe Letters throughout the City, wherein 
 he told the Burghers, that they were moft ftrangely impofed upon 
 by John , ; and exhorted them to fubmit to the Befiegers. At the 
 fame Time News came, that thofe of the Anabaptijls, that ftill 
 remained in Holland, were all, either killed, or turned out by the 
 Magiftrates. This made fome Impreffion upon the Citizens > 
 they began maturely to refledl on the Condition they were now 
 in, and being brought thereby to a Senfe of the Confequences, 
 that would attend their further Oppofition, they appeared ready 
 to mutiny. However, 'John had an Expedient at Hand, to pre- 
 vent their carrying Things to Extremities; hepoftcd himfelf at 
 one of the Gates of the City, where, in a pathetick Difcourfe, 
 he firft of all expatiated on the Merits of their Caufe, and the 
 Honour and Advantage they might be intitled to, in maintaining 
 it; then turning to his own Perfon, he put them in Mind of the 
 Rilk he unavoidably muft run, and which was, by far fuperior 
 to that they expofed themfelves to, were he not alTured of tri- 
 umphing over their common Enemies in a ftiort Time ; con- 
 cluding all, with reproaching them, in moft bitter Terms, of the 
 Slacknefs of their Zeal, Cowardice and Pufillanimity, and in- 
 treating fuch as had little Faith, immediately to withdraw out of 
 the City, that the true Believers might not fuffer, through the 
 Fault of the Infidels, that dwelt among them. This artful Speech, 
 fo far calmed the Spirit of the Inhabitants, that when John, here- 
 upon opened the City Gate, none defired to march out, except, 
 about one Thoufand of the common Sort, that had no Poffelli- 
 ons in Munjier. Thefe unfortunate People, however, proved to 
 have but very badly mended their Condition ; for on their coming 
 up to the Redoubts, the Soldiers, no); knowing the Meaning of 
 
 it, 
 
253 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 it, fufpecfted by the great Number of them, that fome Scheme 
 might be laid by the Befieged, and without inquiring into the 
 true Caufe, attacked them with fo much Expedition, thatthe greateft 
 Part were cut in Pieces. John improved this Accident to his 
 own Advantage, on one Hand, charging the Befiegers with Cruelty, 
 and on the other, making the Deftrudlion of thefe , People, pafs 
 for a vilible Puniflirnent of their Infidelity. In the mean while 
 the Want of Provifions became fo general among the Inhabitants, 
 that Horfes, Cats, and Dogs, pafied with them for dainty Food, 
 whilfi: fome are fa^d, even to have fed upon their own Children. 
 This Mifery went to the very Heart of one Hanfel, an ordinary 
 Man, who formerly had deierted from the Befiegers, to the A?2a^ 
 baptijh-, and now repenting of his Crime, refolvedto make Amends 
 for it, by caufing the Surrender of the City; For this Purpofe, he 
 deferted again to the Befiegers, to whom he promifed, he would 
 deliver up the Place, without Bloodflied, on Condition, that his 
 former Offence might be pardoned. This being confentcd to, he 
 difcovered a Part of the City Ditch, which was fhallow, and 
 having in the Night Time forded it with a Company of Soldiers; 
 he fcaled the City, and immediately made himfelf Mafter of one 
 of the Gates, through which the Army entered. Hereupon the 
 Burghers retired to the Church- Yard, where John put them in 
 Order of Battle, and the allied Troops having advanced thither, 
 a formal Engagement enfued. As a Spirit of Infatuation, and 
 the vain Opinion,of John'% being foon to lord it all over the World, 
 had hitherto kept the Burghers, from hearkening to falutary Ad- 
 vice, fo now were they determined by Defpair alone, to perifh ra- 
 ther than furrender. In Confequence hereof, they made a furi- 
 ous Refiftance fora confiderable Time, notwithfianding their 
 being vaftly inferior in Number to the Allies, but this heighten- 
 ing the Refentment of the latter, they fo clofely charged them, 
 that but a very few efcaped the Sword, who having laid down their 
 Arms, were expelled the City. Thus Munjier^ which had been 
 the Scene of a bloody Tragedy, for near two Years, came to be. 
 
 reduced 
 
2 54 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 reduced by the Affiftance of Ernejl the Confejfor and the Princes 
 of his Houfe, who thereupon reinftated the Bifliop of that See 
 inthePoffeflion of it. As for the Mock King and two of his principal 
 Minifters, that were taken alive, during the Engagement, they 
 were delivered up to the Bifhop, who after having caufed them 
 to be led through the Countries adjacent, as a Laughing-Stock to 
 the World, had them, at length, put to Death, and their Bodies 
 hung up at the Tower of the Church of St. hambert in Munjier^ 
 in Iron Bafkets, made for that Purpofe. 
 
 Although this Siege or Blockade, we have been fpeaking of, 
 muft have been very expenfive to Erneji, on Account of its long 
 Duration; we do not find, that he ever demanded a Reimburfe- 
 ment, or was indemnified for his Charges. The Blfliop being 
 a Roman Catholick and no Friend to the Protejiants, Erneji'% 
 aflTifliing him in reducing his rebellious Subjedts, muft certainly 
 appeared to have been a very great Piece of Generofity, efpecially 
 as it was attended with fo much Difintereftednefs. This, how 
 much foever it added to his Merits, was not the only Advantage 
 he reaped from his Undertaking; hereby he likewife confuted, 
 to his immortal Honour, the vile and malicious Afperfions, caft 
 by fomc of the Roman Catkolicks on the Protejiants, whofe Tenets 
 they had reprefented as countenancing the Diforders, that had 
 lately happened in the Empire. The judicious Part of the Ro- 
 mijh Church, tired with liftening to Calumnies, began at length 
 to fee through the Artifice; fo that Ernejl, afterwards, came to be 
 as highly efteemed by them, as he was revered by thofe of his 
 own Religion. For a Proof of this, we need but appeal to 
 Phuanus, who, though a Roman Catholick, could not help doing 
 him Juftice, by thus reprefenting the great and amiable Charatfter 
 he bore, that he was generally looked upon as a pious, Jieady, and 
 ’Valiant Prince. 
 
 •After he came to be the Head of the Church in his Dominions, 
 he took his greateft Delight in feeing his Subjects inftructed in 
 the Profejiant Religion. For this PurpofCj he ordered frequent 
 
 Vifita- 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe o/'Brunswick. 255 
 
 Vifitations to be made in the different DIocefses, as well to infped:' 
 thereby the inferior Clergy, as to be informed from Time to 
 Time, what Progrefs the publick Inftrud:ions had made, and 
 how far the religious Service had been freed from the fuperftiti- 
 ous CeremonieSj it had hitherto been clogged with. Several 
 Ordinances are lliill extant made by him, with Refpedt to religi- 
 ous as weU as other Affairs, which, not only fhew his great In- 
 duftry, but alfo will be lading Monuments of the uncommon 
 Prudence and Wifdom, wherewith he ufually proceeded, and to 
 which certainly muff be afcribed the remarkable Succefs, he 
 met with in almoftall his Undertakings. Among thefe Ordinan- 
 ces, there is one which ought not to be paffed over in Silence. It 
 contained a Prohibition to all his Courts of Judicature, to med- 
 dle with Difputes, wherein the Clergy was concerned. The 
 Proficiency he had made in ftudying Men, was fuch, that he 
 wifely concluded, the greateft Part of them to be inclinable to 
 Extremes; wherefore apprehending that the Clergy, who had 
 loft a confiderable Part of their Power, would very likely be 
 treated with lefs Confideration and Refped:, than was due to 
 their Order; he exempted them from the ordinary Courts, de- 
 claring at the fame Time, that he would be himfelf Judge in all 
 Differences, wherein they were a Party. 
 
 Notwithftanding the Cares and Toils of Government, which 
 muft have taken up a confiderable Part of his Time, he found Lei-» 
 fure, to employ fome Hours in reading ufeful Books, chiefly Hijf- 
 tory, whereof he ufed to fay: That it 'was the Book of Princes^ 
 wherein they had the whole World for a Lejfon^ which framed their 
 Minds topoliticaly as well as religious Tranfahlions. Another Part 
 of his Time he allotted to infped the Education of his Children* 
 
 As he thoroughly knew the dangerous Effedls, arlfing from Flat- 
 tery, that it is apt to give young Princes too high an Opinion of what 
 they are or fhould be, which infenfibly degenerates into Prefump- 
 tion and Conceit: He thought it incumbent qn him to obviate this 
 Evil to the utmoft of his Power; for which Purpofe he himfelf 
 
 fuper- 
 
56 Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 
 
 fuperintcnded their Inftrudtion, carefully looking into the Con- 
 du6t of thofe about them, and as often as he found any of ihefe, 
 indulging their Vanity, they were immediately difcarded, though 
 never fo much beloved by his Children. This prudent Rigour, 
 far from leffening the Tendernefs they had for their Father, ra- 
 ther increafed itj hereby he was enabled, early to inftill into 
 them fuch Principles, as made them acquainted betimes with 
 their Duties towards God and Man, which together with a fea- 
 fonable Indulgence in fuch Matters, as could not be prejudicial 
 to their Morals, gave them a judicious and fincere, not a feigned 
 Affedlion for him. Mildnefs was the Method he was ever inclined 
 to purfue, being of Opinion, that it would always be in his 
 Power, to caufe himfelf to be feared, when there fhould be a 
 Necefiity for fo doing j but that, in the mean while, it was much 
 preferable, to prevail upon them by Tendernefs. 
 
 If we add to this, that Ernejl continually admitted into his 
 Prefence, and patiently heard fuch of his Subjedts, as delired per- 
 fonally to make their Suits known to him: It will appear amazing, 
 that he could find Time fufiicient for thefe manyfold Employ- 
 ments. To exprefs his indefatigable Genius, he chofe the Em- 
 blem of a burning Candle, with the following infeription : Aliis 
 inferviejido, me ipjiim confumo j I ferve others^ and thereby confume 
 myfelf-, and indeed, he lived up to the Senfe of it: For he ipent 
 himfelf in Behalf of others, and fo far negledted his own Repofe, 
 to promote the Welfare of his Subje6ls,that he was quite exhaufied, 
 when he had not yet accomplifhed the 48th Year of his Age, and 
 died in 1546, leaving by his Wife Sophia^ Daughter of Henry 
 Duke of Mecklenburgy four Sons, whereof the fecond, named 
 Frederic, was killed in the Battle of Siverjhaujen abovemention- 
 ed ; the eldeft Francis Otho fucceeded him, and after his Death 
 the two youngeft, Henry and William, founded two new Lines, 
 which fubfill; to this Day, and are called the Houfesof Brunfwick- 
 Wolffenhuttel, and of Brunfwick-Luneburg, 
 
 ERNEST, 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe of 257 
 
 ERNEST, 
 after whofe Death 
 WOLFGANG, 
 
 JULIUS, 
 
 after whole Death V at IVolffenhuttd, 
 
 HENRY JULIUS, J 
 O T H O, the Younger at Harburg, 
 
 HENRY, at Danneberg, 
 
 W I L L I A M, at Luneburg, 
 
 It has been already mentioned, that Ernefly Son of Philip ofEmeft of the 
 the Line of Grubenhagen^ had a confiderable Share in the Battle, 
 the Protejlants fought againft the Roman Catholicks near Muhlberg ^ 
 in 1547, and being made Prifoner there, with the Elector of 
 Saxony y was fome Time after releafed from his Confinement, 
 
 It has alfo been obferved, that he, in Conjunction with his 
 Brother yohny and with Erich II. of the Line of Calenberg 
 aflifted in 1557, Philip II. King of Spain againft the Frenchy and 
 was prefent at the Taking of the Fortrefs of St. ^intiuy and at 
 the famous Battle that preceeded it. As unfortunate as the Action 
 near Muhlberg had proved to him, fo great w^s the Glory he ac- 
 quired by this laft War, as well on Account of the Valour he 
 fliewed, as the remarkable Succefs, it was crowned with. Great 
 Advantages might have been reaped from it, had Philip known 
 how to improve his good Fortune. At leaft fuch appears to have 
 been the Opinion of the Emperor Charles V, who then lived 
 in his Retirement in Spain j for, hearing of Philip's Victory, he 
 afked : Whether his Son had 7 iot yet got PoJfeJJion of Paris, and 
 being anfwered in the Negative, he charged him with not un- 
 derftanding how to make a proper Ufe of his Victories, adding, 
 that he could have wifhed,that during his Reign, God had blefled 
 him with fo great a Piece of good Fortune. As the Princes of the 
 
 L 1 Houfe 
 
 1 
 
 at Grubenhagen. 
 
258 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 Houfe of Brunfwicky had not only much contributed to Philip's 
 Vidtory, but fo far’fhared in the common Danger, that John^ 
 Rrneji's Brother, loft his Life by a Wound received during the 
 Adtion ; Philip thought it his Duty, publickly to teftify the Senfe 
 he had of their great Merits, and gave particular Proofs thereof 
 to Erich y as has been related above. Ernejly however, being a 
 Protejianty did not think proper to continue long at Philip's 
 Court, chiefly as he was informed, that fome of his Subjedls 
 apprehended, he might be prevailed upon to forfake his Religion, 
 while others thought he had already done fo. For this Reafon he 
 haftened his Return home, where he folemnly declared his Per- 
 feverance in the Protejiant Religion, and agreeable thereto, abid- 
 ed in it to his End, which happened in 1567; leaving no Male 
 IlTue by his Wife, Margaret Daughter of George Duke of Pomerania. 
 
 It will not perhaps be thought improper, to add to what has 
 been already laid of Ernefiy that out of a Principle of Curiofity, 
 or from fome better Motive,he was led to inquire into the hidden 
 Opperations of Nature, which proved of no fmall Advantage to 
 him and his SucceflTors. For, hereby he was infenfibly brought 
 to rilk a confiderable Sum of Money, in examining the Mines 
 of the Principality of GrubenhageUy commonly called the Mines 
 of the Upper-Hartz. The firft Difcovery of thefe, we find 
 placed in the Year 1016. when thofe of Rammeljbergy (faid to 
 be difcovered in 972,) having difcontinued to anfwer the Expec- 
 tations of the Owners, new ones were fearched after, and ac- 
 cordingly thofe of the Upper-Hartz found out. They were 
 ■worked upon to the Year 1 1 81, when by the War, that happened 
 between Henry the Lyon and the Emperor Frederic Barharojfay 
 this Country came to be defolated, and the Veins buried in 
 Ruins. In this State they remained till the Year 1208. when 
 ,the Emperor Otho IV, Son of Henry the Lyon, ordered, them to 
 be worked upon again. They turned to great Account, and 
 continued doing fo till 1340, when the Wars, which Gilbert 
 Bifhop of Halberjiadty Son of Albert the Grofsy was obliged to 
 
 carry 
 
259 
 
 Me7noirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 carry on againft his Neighbours, occafioned their falling a-nevv 
 into Ruin, wherein they remained to Time. This 
 
 Prince, in Order effectually to recover aTreafure, lofl for fo con- 
 fiderable a Time, granted advantageous Privileges to all, that 
 were willing to be concerned in thefe Mines : moreover he be- 
 llowed great Sums of Money, towards the Expences, which 
 were neceffary on this Occafion, and had a City built, called 
 Claujihaly to ferve for an Habitation to thofe, employed in the 
 Mines, as well as for keeping the proper Offices. His Endea- 
 vours were attended with a mod extraordinary Succefs, which de- 
 ferves fo much the more to be taken Notice of, as the Advantage 
 that accrued therefrom, has been lading, and continues to this 
 Day. For if we credit the Report of Peter de Ludewig^ late 
 Chancellor of the Univerfity of Halle, in his Germa 7 iia Princeps, 
 publifhed in 1702, under the borrowed Name of Giovanni, 
 
 900,000 Rixdollar^ have been coined in one Year from the Sil- 
 ver, afforded by the Mines of Claujihal alone, without taking in 
 the Produdl of thofe of St. Andreajberg, Altenau, Cellerfeldy 
 Wildeman, Grunde, Lautenthal, &c. Hereby we may eaffiy 
 conceive, what immenfe Sums all the Mines of the Upper-Hartz, 
 together with thofe of the Lower-Hartz, produce annually, ex- 
 cludve of the Profit, arifing from the Copper, Iron, Lead, and 
 various Kinds of Minerals, wherewith thefe Mines abound, beddes 
 a Gold Ore, difcovered in 1710 in the Mines of the Lowers 
 Hartz, 
 
 Wolfgang, who fucceeded his Brother Prneft in the Principality Wolfgang of 
 of Grubenhagen began very early to acquaint himfelf with the^®^'"^ 
 
 T-.* /-“ IT-. n « Grubenhagen. 
 
 Fatigues of a martial Life ; For, when the Proteftants in 1546. 
 marched againd the Emperor Charles^, then incamped near Table ixi. 
 Ingoljiadt, he begged Leave of his Father, to follow the Army, 
 though he was then but 15 Years old. Six Years after, when 
 Maurice Eledlor of Saxony marched Charles, to oblige, jji. 
 
 him to releafe the confined Princes, he affided at the Taking of 
 the Fortrefs of Ehrenberg, where he was in imminent Danger of 
 
 L 1 2 his 
 
26 o 
 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 Life : For the Army having valiantly behaved in the AlTault, 
 demanded an extraordinary Gratification of the Eledtor, vvhich 
 he refufed to comply with. Hereupon, the Soldiers mutinied, 
 and fome of them went fo far, as to difcharge Balls again ft 
 Maurice \ which he and Wolfgang, who conftantly kept near his 
 Perfon, narrowly efcaped. The Eledtor, however, found Means 
 to appeafe the Soldiers Fury, and thereupon marching diredtly to 
 Infpruck, had the good Fortune, as mentioned above, to take 
 all the Emperors Equipages and thofe of his Court; which were 
 fo much the more acceptable to Maurice, on this critical Jundlure, 
 as they afforded him an Opportunity, for fatisfying his Soldiers, 
 and for regaining their Affeftion, which he feemed, in a Manner, 
 to have forfeited. 
 
 Wolfgang's Zeal for the Progrefs of the Reformation, and for 
 improving the Dodlrines of the true Religion, fell, in no Way, 
 (hort of that of his Father Philip, or his Brother Emeji. For 
 among other wife Regulations, that had a Tendency that Way, 
 he ordered the Clergy in his Dominions, to meet once a Year, 
 that they might in an amicable Manner confiilt together, about 
 fuch religious Matters, as fhould, from Time to Time, offer 
 themfelves to their Confideration, either concerning Points of 
 Dodtrine, or fuch Rules of Difcipline, as might be of Ufe for the 
 Edification of their feveral Flocks. Befides which, with a View, 
 more effcdtually to promote found Learning and true Piety, he 
 eredted and endowed Schools for the Support and Maintenance 
 of poor Scholars. 
 
 The Principality of Grubenhagen came to be confiderably in- 
 larged during his Reign. For on the Exftindlion of the Family 
 oiPleJfe,\\t acquired the Caftleof Radolfshaifen', and by the Death 
 of the laft Count of Hohnfein, the County of Lutterberg, which 
 his great Uncle Henry, III. had given in Fief to that Family, de- 
 volved to him ; as did alfo the City and Mines of St Andreafberg, 
 and the Caftle and Territories of Schartzfeld. He furvived this 
 laft Acquifition but two Years, and having no Iffue by his Wife 
 
 Dorothy 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 2 6 r 
 
 Daughter of FrancisYyvikito^ Saxe-haucnhurg^\% Pofleffi- 
 ons fell to his youngeft Brother Philip II. who fucceeded him. 
 
 'Julius Son of Henry the Younger of the Line of 
 of whom we have now to fpeak,had little Room, at firfl:, to flatter fenbutteJ. 
 himfelf, that he fhould one Day fee the Principality, of 
 ^w/^f/veftedinhim. On one Hand,his Father having eftablifhed the 
 Right of Primogeniture in his Hou fe,CZ’^r/?j ViBor the eldefl; Son, 
 and after him,a fecond named Philip Magnus^ Hood between him 
 and the faid Sncceffion. On the other, he was under fo great a 
 Difgrace with his Father, and his Circumftances, during his 
 younger Years, bore fo melancholy an Afpedl, that it muft be 
 acknowledged to have been ov/ing to a particular Interpofition 
 of Providence, that his Life was not taken away, almofl: as foon 
 as he might be faid, to have commenced it. Whilfl: his Father 
 was exerting himfelf againfl; the Protejiant IntereH, this young 
 Prince, though brought up in the Perfuafion of the Romijh Church, 
 ferioufly fet about examining into the Foundation of its Dodrines^ 
 and by comparing them with the Tenets of the Augjburg Con- 
 jejjion, he came to be fo thoroughly convinced of the Errors he 
 had been in, that he openly embraced the Protejiant Religion. 
 
 Hereby he drew upon him, not only his Fathers Odium, but like- 
 wife that of the whole Court ; and as nothing is capable of fet- 
 ting Bounds to the furious Zeal of a bigotted Clergy, they worked 
 fo inceflTantly upon his Father, that they prevailed upon him, to 
 forget the Tyes of Nature, and to deliver him up to their Re- 
 fentment. Accordingly, Julius was declared an ApoJiatej 
 and as fuch, being condemned to be immured, the necelfary 
 Preparatives were adually made for that Purpofe, and though^ 
 for Reafons, which the Authors of thofe Times, have not thought 
 proper to difclofe, the Scheme was notputin Execution, neverthelefs, 
 his Sifters; fearing it might take Place one Day or other, thought 
 fit to conceal him in their Apartments. Here he remained for 
 fome Time, till a trufty Friend of his, who went about to get 
 Intelligence of the Defigns, that were formed againft him, having 
 
 difcQvered,, 
 
2&2 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 ulfcoverdjthat his Father perfevered in the Refolution he had taken 
 of abandoning him, thought himfelf in Duty bound to acquaint 
 him therewith; and as he did not care to do it in Writing, or ex- 
 pofe himfelf to be overheard, he is faid, to have intimated the 
 Danger his Friend was in, by framing, in his Prefence, the Words 
 Fiige^ Fuge, on the Afhes of the Hearth by Help of a Pair of 
 Tongs, yuliiis^ being thus acquainted with the Hazard he ran, 
 thought it now high Time to abfent himfelf from his Father’s 
 Court; hereupon he immediately withdrew to Cujlrin^ where he 
 was kindly received by yohn Marggrave of Brandenburgs who 
 had married his eldeft Sifter, and embraced the Proteflant Reli- 
 gion. Some Years after, his two eldeft Brothers, having loft their 
 Lives in the fatal Battle of Siverfiaufen, this Accident prompted 
 the Marggrave, who all along had in vain endeavoured to reeftablifti 
 yulius in his Father’s Favour, to renew his Efforts,flattering him- 
 felf,at this Time, with better Succefs in his Endeavours,as yulius 
 was the only furviving Son of Henry ^ and in Courfe, Heir appa- 
 rent to his Succeflion. But, how great foever were the Hopes 
 he had for mediating a Reconciliation, He?2rys was fo far, from 
 being moved at the fubmiflive Reprefentations, of both his Son in 
 Law and his own Son, that he chofe to be influenced by the 
 Roman Catholick Clergy about him, who, being ftrongly bent on 
 excluding yulius from the Succeflion, made Henry believe, that 
 his robuft Conftitution gave Hopes of his being in a Capacity of 
 getting another Heir, in Cafe he proceeded to a fecond Marriage. 
 On this precarious Foundation, he was prevailed upon, though 
 in the Sixty feventh Year of his Age, to marry Sophia, Daugh- 
 ter of Sigifmund King of Poland, but flie not proving with Child 
 by him, to the great Mortification of the Roman Cotkolich, Defpair 
 fuggefted to them a moft extravagant Scheme. By Fve de Trotte, 
 Henry had a natural Son living, named Eitel Henry de Kirchberg, 
 who profefflng the Roman Catholick Religion, was pitched upon 
 to fucceed in the Principality of Wolffenbuttch, and his illegitimate 
 JBirth being a Hinderance thereto, it was propofed, that he ftiould 
 
263 
 
 Memoirs of the Uoufe of Brunswick. 
 
 be legitimated and declared Henry's Succeffor by the Pope, 
 Whether Henry ever approved of this prepofterous Scheme, 
 Hiftory does not pofitively mention, but it gives us to under- 
 hand, that his natural Son, on the Clergy’s making him this 
 Proffer, refufed to accept of it, giving this judicious Reafon for 
 fo doing, that had God intended^ he fiould be a Prince^ he •would 
 have difpofed Things accordingly^ but fmce it •was other^wife^ he •waS' 
 content to remain hi the Condition^ •wherein he had been placed- 
 It is not to our Purpofe to inquire, whether or no the Popes Legiti- 
 mation would have been of fo great Importance, as to prejudice 
 /zV/j’s Birth Right} however that be, it is certain, that, had Things, 
 anfwered the Wifhes of the Roman CatholickSy it would, at leafl, 
 have occafioned much Bloodfhed in the Principality of Wolffen^ 
 buttely after Henry's Demife. On this Confideration, it mufl 
 be allowed, that Eitel's Refufal is worthy of Praife, and de- 
 fervedly intitled him to the Efteem, which Julius retained for 
 him ever after. Thus, all Means, that feemed to promife 
 Julius's Deftru(ftion, or had an Appearance of removing him 
 from the Succeffion, having been tried ineffedtually, the Roman 
 Catholicks were, at length, obliged to give up their Defign, and 
 Henry's Heart, after a Struggle of feveral Years, relented fo far, 
 that of his own Accord he came to wifh- for, what fo many Solli- 
 citations had not been able to perfuade him to. He fent for 
 Julius, v;ho, at firft fufpeding that his appearing in Perfon 
 might be attended with Danger, ballanced a while, whether he 
 Ihould go or not, efpecially as he knew, that his Father ftill ad- 
 hered ftritftly to the Romijli Church}, yet at laft„ confidering, that 
 the fame God, who had fo wonderfully preferved him in the 
 moft imminent Dangers, would not probably, fuffer him to pe- 
 rilh, when he was about fulfilling his Duty in obeying the In- 
 jundtion of a Parent, he determined to truft to that Being, and 
 repaired to Wolffenbuttel } where fome Time after he came to be 
 thoroughly reconciled with his Father. • 
 
 Advei- 
 
264 
 
 Memotrs of thz Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 Adverfities, how unwelcome foever they appear to fuch, as la- 
 hour under them, are, neverthelefs, known to be produdive of 
 many happy EfFedsj among which this is not the lead: confi- 
 derable, that they increafe and refine the Love of Virtue, in 
 thofe that have any Tafte for it, and raife, as it were, the Soul 
 above the common Standard of humane Nature. ’Julius no fooner 
 came to the Inheritance of his Father’s PofTeffions, but he gave 
 ample Proofs of the Juftnefs of this Obfervation. The Afflic- 
 tions, he had undergone for almoft Fourthy Years, had no other 
 Effed upon him, than that of improving his Piety, Magnanimity, 
 and natural Pronenefs to worthy and generous Adionsj which 
 caufed him to be looked upon as the Darling of his Subjeds, and 
 one of the greateft Ornaments of the illuftrious Houfe, he de- 
 fcended from. It has been already obferved, that by the lauda- 
 ble Application of Emejl the Confejfor^ the Protellant Religion 
 had been introduced in the Wolffenbiittel Dominions, during the 
 Time that Henry the Tounger was difpofreffed of them. How- 
 ever, when this Prince afterwards came to be reinftated in his 
 Property, the Papal Authority got again a conliderable Afcendant, 
 and though he, at length, declared himfelf for the Augjburg Con- 
 fejjion, he was fo near his End when he did it, that his Protejiant 
 Subjeds could reap but little, if any Advantage, from his Con- 
 verflon. Moreover, the arbitrary Authority, which Roman 
 Catholick Clergy preferved, during his whole Reign, having fo 
 far intimidated the Followers of Luther’^ Dodrine, as to make 
 them adopt feveral Tenets of the Church of Rome : Julius^ at his 
 fucceeding him, found among his Subjeds fo flrange a Mixture of 
 Sentiments in religious Matters, that it appeared of the higheft Con- 
 cern to him, to fet about clearing the true Religion of the erro- 
 neous Opinions, with which it was then blended. For this Pur- 
 pofe, he convened a Number of learned Divines, to whofe Charge 
 it was given, to fcrutinize into the fundamental Articles of the 
 Chrijlian Faith, and their Opinions being given on thefe Heads, 
 with the Grounds whereon each was founded, he had this Mat- 
 ter 
 
265 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 ter canvaffed again in a full Confiftory of the principal Clergy, 
 where the whole having been found to be conformable to the 
 Word of God, thefe Articles, as a Symbol, or the Sum of the 
 Belief of the Frotejiant Church, were reduced into a Body, and 1576- 
 publilhed under the Title of Corpus dodlrince 'Julium^ to ferve for the 
 future as a conftant Rule of Faith, in the Wolffenbuttel^ Dominions. 
 
 This was not the only Inftance, this worthy Prince gave 
 of his uncommon Piety and Zeal for preferving the Purity 
 of the Evangelick Religion. He was fenfible, that the more 
 Learning increafed and flourlflied among his Subjedis, the more 
 they would be fhocked at the Errors of the Church of RomCy and 
 confequently have a greater Averfion to return to that Communion. 
 
 On this Account, in 1571, he chearfully undertook to found 
 Free Schools in feveral of his Cities, and to endow a College at 
 Ganderjheiniy where ProfelTors were appointed for inftrufting 
 Youth in feveral Branches of Literature. The Succefs, which 
 attended thefe his Undertakings, at length prompted him to trans- 
 fer this College to Helmjlcedty and to eredt it into an Univerlity, 
 where the Youth, for whatever Faculty they were defigned, 
 might be regularly bred up. Degrees be obtained, and this become 
 a conftant Seminary of learned and ufeful Men to Society. With 
 this laudable View, he endowed it with a large Sum of Money 
 out of his own Treafury, and ordered the Revenues of three 
 Convents to be applied for the Support of its Profeffors, and to- 
 wards the SubfiRence of a Number of necefiitous Scholars. It 
 was inaugurated in 1576 ; and to render the Ceremony more fo- 
 lemn, he not only honoured it with his Prefence, but likewifc 
 put it under the immediate Protedtion of his eldeft Son. Thus 
 this Seat of the Mufes, which in Honour of its generous Founder, 
 bears the Name of the 'Julius Ufiiver/ity, foon began to make a 
 confiderable Figure in the learned World, and has been fo re- 
 markably flourilhing ever lince, as to produce a conftant Supply 
 of Geniufes, who, for their extenfive Learning may juftly vie 
 with the greateft Scholars in Europe. 
 
 M m 
 
 As 
 
266 
 
 tS?4- 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 As nothing efcaped yultus's Attention, that could be any 
 Ways beneficial to his Country ; We find him, to have been no lefs 
 affiduous, in promoting the Trade of his Subjedls. The late War 
 in his Father’s Time having proved fo ruinous to his Dominions, 
 that even the publick Roads were become impaffable, he had 
 them repaired at his own Expence j befides which, he rendered 
 the River Ocker more ufeful than it had been, by fitting it for 
 tranfporting Goods of a confiderable Burden ; and as no- 
 thing more efledually contributes towards inlarging Commerce 
 with Foreigners, than multiplying the Exports of a Country, he 
 had the Mines of the Lo%ver-Hartz worked larger than any of his 
 Predeceflbrs had done, which afforded a copious Variety of 
 Commodities for foreign Trade, much to the Advantage of his 
 Subjedls, at the fame Time that his own Revenues were thereby 
 confiderably augmented. 
 
 By the Pains, Julius is reported, to have taken in thefe vari- 
 ous Concerns, he appears to have richly deferved the Succfes he 
 met with. For, we find, not only that he made it his Bufinefs, 
 perfonally to inquire, whether his Orders were duly excuted or no; 
 but likewife, that he had fuch an uncommon Share of Patience, 
 and was fo great an Enemy to Idlenefs, that he kept Journals 
 himfelf, as well of the foreign Tranfadions that happened in 
 his Time, as thofe that related to his own Dominions, entering 
 into the minuted; Detail of what had been already remedied, and 
 what wanted ftill to be looked into. In this laborious and ufeful 
 Employment, he is faid to have ufually filled a Book in Quarto, 
 every Month, and to have conftantly ftuck to it, even when, by 
 the Extindion of the Line of Calenherg^ he became pofieffed of 
 twiceasmany Territories, as he had at the Beginning of his Reign. 
 
 From what has been faid, the Reader will be inabled to form 
 to himfelf an Idea of Julius ' worthy Charadlerj which, though 
 it appears hitherto in fo advantageous a Light, will fhine forth 
 with ftill greater Luftre, if we add a particular Inftance of his 
 extraordinary Magnanimity, related by cotemporary Authors. 
 
 
267 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 Among the many ufeful Undertakings, that renderd his Admi- 
 niftration a Bleffing to his People, was the Eredion of a new Ci- 
 ty, which he built clofe to Wolffenbutteh and endowed with con- 
 fiderable Privileges, having particularly in View, to make it be- 
 come a Place of Refuge for fuch, ' as Ihould be forced to leave 
 their native Countries, on account of Religion. It might have 
 been expected, that he would have called this City after his own 
 Name, as he was the Founder of it. Surely no one had Room 
 to imagine, that he would have taken hold of this Opportunity, 
 to honour the Memory of a Father, through whofe uncommon 
 Severity, he had endured fo many Hardfhips. However, 
 liuSj whofe Greatnefs of Soul put him far above the Senfe of pad; 
 Injuries, not only forgave the Hand, that had fo forely afflidled 
 him, but to give the World an undoubted Proof of his filial Re- 
 verence, and to perpetuate, as much as in him lay, the Refpedt 
 he bore to his Father Henry's Memory, he caufed the new- 
 built City to be called on his Account, Henrichjladt. As this 
 Tranfadlion happened many Years after Henry's Deceafe, "Julius,' s 
 Sincerity can in no Ways be queftioned, and his Condudt, on this 
 Occafion, is fo much the more worthy of Notice, as Hiftory can 
 fcarce produce a parallel Inilance of fuch a filial Piety, in fo exalted 
 a Station j there being innumerable Examples to be met with of 
 young Princes, who have caballed againfl: the befl of Fathers, but 
 few or none of fuch as, notwithftanding the hardefi; Ufage, 
 have, like him, chearfull y fubmitted to their Parents, whilfi: liv- 
 ing, and highly revered their Memory, when dead. 
 
 All, that we have further to obferve of Julius, is, that he 
 acquired the Reverfion of the County of Rheinjiein to his Houfe j 
 and, on his inheriting the Principality of Calenberg, introduced 
 there likewife the Reformation. This was the laft of the 
 Provinces, within the Brunfwick and Lujieburg Dominions, 
 where the ProteJla?2t Religion came to be received. This great 
 Prince departed this Life in 1589, leaving by his Wife, Hed-- 
 wig. Daughter of Joachim II, PXtdiQx oi Brandenburg, four 
 ^ Mm2 Sons, 
 
268 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 Sons. Henry JulinSj the eldeft, fucceeded him in the united Prin- 
 cipalities of Wolff tnbuUel and Calenberg^ by Virtue of his Will 
 and the Right of Primogeniture, that had been introduced in 
 his Family j Philip Sigifmundy was made Bidiop of Verden, and 
 Ofnabruck j Joachiin Charles had the Provoftfliip of the Dome 
 of Strajburg ; and Julius Augujl^ the youngeft Son, became 
 Abbot of Michaeljlein. 
 
 Henry Julius, Henry JuUus inherited not only his Father’s Dominions, but 
 of the Line of his Virtues likewife. In his very Infancy, he gave fuch Hopes, 
 Wolffenbuttel. hecoming in Time one of the moft accomplifhed Princes, 
 Table V. Germany had ever feen, that Parents were ufed, to propofe him 
 as an Example to their Children. His incomparable Father, 
 while he was about promoting Learning in his Dominions, 
 thought nothing would more conduce to this End, than fetting 
 them a Pattern in his own Family, by bringing up his Children 
 in all the Branches of neceflary and ufeful Knowledge. Henry 
 Julius^ by this Means, made fo fudden a Progrefs, that at the 
 Inauguration of the Univerfity of Helmjicedt^ whereof he was 
 1576. chofen ReClor perpetuus j he harangued the Members of it in 
 Latin ^ though he was not then quite twelve Years old. The 
 Greek and Hebrew Tongues, wherein he was Hkewife well 
 verfed, were not the only Qualifications he was admired for j his 
 Knowledge extended to feveral folid Sciences, and became, at 
 length, fo diffufive, as to acquire him the Reputation of being 
 a great Proficient in Mathematicks, Philofophy^ Chymijiry^ Phyffk^ 
 LaWy and Divitiity. 
 
 Thefe great and uncommon Accomplifhments, which are 
 fcarce ever to be met with in Princes, were the Subject of uni- 
 verfal Admiration, and made People entertain high Notions of 
 the Happinefs, that mufl flow from the Government of a Prince, 
 whofe natural and acquired Endowments fo eminently out-fhone 
 thofe of the mofl: illuftrious Perfons of his Time, The Canons 
 of Minden were fo much taken with them, that in 1581. 
 when he was already poflefled of the Biflioprick of Halberjiadty 
 
269 
 
 Me^nolrs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 
 
 they made him Bifhop of their See (a)-, in the PofTeffion where- 
 of he continued to the Year 1585, when he refigned it, with 
 a View, to procure it to his Brother Philip Sigifmund, 
 
 As to the Biihoprick of Halberjladt, he kept it to the End of hi& 
 Life. He was preferred thereto in 1566. inthe fecond Year of his 
 Age, under this Condition, that the Regency of the Biflioprick 
 fliould remain with the Chapter for 12 Years, and Henry Julius 
 be allowed an annual Penfion, during that Time 3 the Reft of the 
 Revenues being to be applied towards the Difcharge of the large 
 Debts, the Bifhoprick of Halberjladt then was involved in» If 
 we may credit Phuanus, who, as a Roman-Catholick, was not a 
 little difpleafed with the Canons of Halberjladt y for their prefer- 
 ring Henry Julius, to that Bhhoprick, at fo tender an Agej they 
 were prompted thereto by Henry the Younger y this Prince’s 
 Grand Father, by whofe Influence over him, as he was a ftre- 
 nuous Defender of the Papal Authority, they flatter’d them- 
 felves, they fliould be inabled to fecure their Religion in the 
 Bifhoprick of Halberjladt. However, if this was their View, 
 the Event proved, that they were egregioufly miftaken in their 
 Politicks. For, when Henry JuliuSy had attained to the Age 
 of Maturity, he not only fhewed himfelf to be a Protejlanfy 
 but likewife introduced that Religion in his Bifhoprick, leav- 
 ing, however, to the Roman Catholicks, full Liberty of Coa- 
 
 fcience, 
 
 (a ) To prevent the Reader’s Surprize at fecular Princes enjoying Biflioprlcks, it Is 
 proper to obferve, that in Germatty the Authority of a Bilhop is two fold; the Eccle- 
 fiaflical, and the Temporal. The firll needs no Explanation ; as for the latter, it is of the 
 fame Nature and Extent as that of the temporal Princes of the Empire; for as they 
 become equal to them, by Virtue of their Territories and Dominions, they acquire the 
 fame Title, Authority, and all the Prerogatives, that are attached to Sovereignty ; fuch as 
 raifing Troops, contradling Alliances, coioing Money, pardoning Delinquents, levying 
 Taxes, fifr. When the Reformation came to fpread itfelf in the Empire, and the Protefiant 
 Princes had the Credit to get themfelves promoted to Biihopricks, as was the Cafe of 
 Henry Julius ; we are not to imagine, that they were thereupon ordained, or that they 
 exercifedany clerical Funilion, for, though they preferved the Title of Bifliops, they con- 
 fined themfelves to the Exerciie of tlisir temporal Jurildiilion over thofe Dominions, tliat 
 belonged to their Biihopricks. 
 
2 7^ Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 fclence, and the Enjoyment of their Prebends, on Condition, 
 that they difmiffed their Concubines. 
 
 On fucceeding his Father in 1589. his Power came to be very 
 extenhve, on Account of the two Principalities, that were now 
 fallen to him, and the Bilhoprick he was in Poffeffion of before. 
 This however ' increafed conliderably, fome Time after : for 
 the two Lordfhips, of Lohra and Klettenberg^ whereof his 
 Father had obtained the Reverfion from the See of Halberjiadt^ 
 1595* devolved to him, on the Extinction of the Family of the 
 Counts of Hohnjiein. He alfo, was chofen Adminiltrator of the 
 rich Convent of IValkenried', and three Years after came to be 
 1696. poffeffed of the Principality of Grubejihagen, on the Failure of 
 Male IlTue of that Line, whereof Notice will be taken in its 
 proper Place. This laft Succeffion, it is true, was controverted by 
 , the Houfe of Luneburg^ but Henry 'Julius found Means, to 
 
 keep PolTeffion of it, and even to tranfmit it to his SuccelTor, 
 by whom it was, at length, delivered up to Erneji the Co 7 ifeJfor's 
 Poflerity. Laft: of all, the Family of the Counts of Blancken- 
 * 599 * burg becoming alfoextinCt, Henry Jidius poJffefled himfelf of 
 both Counties of Rheinjlein and Blanckenburgy as Fiefs of his 
 Houfe, and of the See of Halberjladt, 
 
 Whether the Citizens of Brunfwicky who from ancient 
 Times, were ufed, to exert their rebellious Spirit, in Proportion 
 as their Princes were warlike, or had found Means of extending 
 their Dominions, envied thefe his Acquifitions, or no, we will 
 not take upon us to determine. However that be, it is certain, 
 that, notwithftanding the Meeknefs, wherewith Henry Julius 
 reigned over them, they embraced all Opportunities about this 
 Time, to ihew him their Difpleafure j as if thejr intended thereby 
 to convince the World, that Malecontents will not be wanting, 
 let the Government be adminiftered, with never fo much Wifdom 
 and Mildnefs. It would be endlefs, were we to enter into a mi- 
 nute Detail of the different Methods, made ufe of by them to 
 teftify their DiffaffeClion j wherefore we fliall content ourfelves 
 
 with 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 27 r 
 
 with faying, that they gradually went fo far, as to difpute his 
 Authority over the City. Notwithftanding the great and fundry 
 Provocations they gave him, a confiderable Time paffed, before 
 he could determine, to chaftife their mutinous Condudf. 
 
 But, finding at length, that his Lenity and kind Admonitions 
 v/ere of no Effedt, and that his Forbearance rather increafed, 
 than lefiened their Prefumption ; he formed an Army, and laid 
 Siege to the City. The Brunfwickers, on their Part, were not 
 wanting to themfelves ; they entered into a Confederacy with fe- 
 veral Citiesj thefe having levied Troops in Wejiphalia^ the Ne- 
 therlands, and in other Countries, ordered their Generals, by Way 
 of Diverfion, to fall upon the Duke’s Territories, whilft he 
 perfifted to carry on the Siege. Hereupon the Princes of both 
 Circles of Saxony apprehending, that the War might fpread it- 
 felf further, by other Powers taking a Share in it, interpofed, 
 and offered fuch Terms of Accommodation, as might at once fe- 
 cure to Hmry yulius his Authority and hereditary Right, and 
 to the City the Privileges it might have a juft Claim to. The 
 Emperor Rudolph II, endeavoured likewife to adjuft Matters, 
 propofing, that Cognizance might be taken of thefe Diffe- 
 rences, and the whole Affair be terminated, without Hoftilities. 
 
 Henry yulius^ who was a true Lover of his Country, no fooner 
 underftood this, but he broke up the Siege, and disbanded his 
 Army ; little imagining that this particular Adi of Conde- i^To6. 
 fcenfion, inftead of recommending him to the Efteem of the 
 Brunfwickers^ would confirm them in their unnatural Rebellion. 
 
 The Siege being railed, the Troops of the confederate Cities 
 entered Brunfwick, without Oppofition, and though at firft, it 
 was thought, that this was done with no other View, than that 
 they might be paid off ; the contrary appeared foon after, and 
 that the Brunfwickers had cunningly taken Advantage of their 
 Prince’s Sincerity, being refolved to perfevere in their rebellious 
 Proceedings, in open Defiance to the Laws, both of God and 
 Man. For thefe Troops, at the exprefs Order of the Magiftrates, 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick, 
 
 iiTued out of the City, hrft making Incurfions into the Fields, 
 adjoining to the Suburbs, fparing neither Age, nor Sex j and 
 when they found, that they efcaped with Impunity, they alTumed 
 fo great a Boldnefs, as to lay Wafte to the Duke’s Territories all 
 around, driving away Herds and Flocks, murdering the unarmed 
 Peafants, deftroying Edifices, both Sacred and Profane, and then 
 returning with their Booty into the City. 
 
 Not content with thefe A<51:s of Barbarity, they went flill fur- 
 ther, aiming at the very Life of their Prince, whofe wife and juft 
 Adminiftration had not fufficient Influence over their obdurate 
 Hearts, to withold them from confpiring againft him. 
 While this Plot was in Agitation, Henry ’Julius y who little fuf- 
 pedted, that fo abominable a Defign could be formed againft 
 him, was at Schoeningeny about a League from Helmjiadfy where 
 he disbanded fome Horfe, which he had yet in his Service j and 
 this being done, he fet out for WoJffenbuttel by the common 
 Road, attended only by Thirty Horfe, and followed, at a good 
 Diftance, by an Hundred and Thirty more of his Body Guards. 
 He was fcarce got five Miles on his Journey, when he fell into 
 an Ambufcade, at a Place called Det ferny feveral large Detach- 
 ments of die BrunfwickerSy having befet both Sides of the Way; 
 and had he not fortunately met with a Shepherd, who fhewed 
 him a By-Way, he would undoubtedly have fallen a Vi(5tim to 
 their wicked Defign; This Man, having cut down a Turnpike 
 to open a Paflage for him, he rode with all the Speed poflible, 
 through a rough and rugged Grove, called the HJJ'cy a moft 
 rocky and fteep Place, and after having changed Horfes three 
 Times upon the Road, at length fafely arrived at WolffenhutteL 
 
 On confidering the amiable Charafter, Hiftorians have given 
 this Prince, there would perhaps be Room to doubt, whether 
 the Br«^fie;/V/^f/'j,adually aimed at his Deftrudtion; had this Plot 
 not been proved by the Depofition of a great Number of Wit- 
 nefl'es, who unanimoufly declared, that the Magiftrates of Bnmf^ 
 •wick had difpofed thofe Troops on the Road, with a View to 
 
273 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 take the Duke, dead or alive, promifing a large Sum of Money, to 
 whoever fhould fucceed in the Attempt. Another Circumftance, 
 which corroborated thefe Dep options was, that one of Henry 
 yulius's private Secretaries, that followed him, was intercepted by 
 the Ruffians, who, after having killed him, disfigured his Face, 
 and took the Duke’s Signet from him. The Brunfwickers^ having 
 thus aggravated the Guilt of their Rebellion, by a moll execrable 
 Confpiracy, could not but expedl a Punilhment, proportionable 
 to the Heinoufnefs of their Crime. The Emperor no fooner got 
 Intelligence of their bafe Deportment, but he put them to the 
 Ban of the Empire, and intimated to their Allies, that he would 
 ufe them with the fame Rigour, if they did not forthwith re- 
 nounce their Confederacy with them, and withdraw the Troops, 
 they had fent to their Affiftance. The Bru? 2 fwickers did their ut- 
 moft to elude the Ban, by endeavouring to exculpate themfelves 
 of the Fads alledged againfi; themj but their Plea being found 
 frivolous, the Profcription was confirmed in i6io, and the 
 Year following, the Imperial Heralds, in Conformity to the Or- 
 ders received for that Purpofe, publifhed it with the Solemnities, 
 ufual on fuch Occafions. 
 
 The Condition of the Brunfwickers at this Time, to be 
 
 moft deplorable, as by their wicked Proceedings, they had drawn 
 upon themfelves the juft Indignation of Henry yulius, their law- 
 ful Prince, and yet their Cafe appeared ftill more dreadful, when 
 it was confidered, that the Execution of the Ban was commit- 
 ted to the Prince, they had fo highly offended, and that, ac- 
 cording to the Tenor of the Profcription, their Lives and For- 
 tunes were abfolutely forfeited to him. And now, it was very 
 natural to expedl, that this Prince, after fo many Provocations, 
 would have proceeded againft them with the utmoft Severity. 
 But, how prone foever human Nature may be to refent Injuries, 
 efpecially when this may be done with all the Appearances of Ju- 
 ftice, it evidently appears from the Silence of the Authors of thofc 
 Times, that he never executed the Ban, and that the Brunfuoickers 
 
 N n underwent 
 
 1606 
 
 161 1 
 
2 74 Memoirs of the Houfe 0/ Brunswick. 
 
 underwent none of thofe Punifhments they had fo remarkably de- 
 ferved at his Hands. What were the Motives of this unparal- 
 lelled Forbearance, Hiftory does not mention, probably, becaufe 
 the Adlion was of fuch a Nature as not to want a Comment; For 
 ' furely nothing could have prompted him to it but the moft ex- 
 
 alted Magnanimity. So peculiar was the Happinefs, that accrued 
 to him from his extenfive Knowledge; that he thereby not only 
 drew on himfelf the Admiration of all that beheld him, but was 
 likewife inabled to trample his Paflions under Foot, and thus to 
 raife himfelf, as it were, above the Condition of human Nature. 
 To thefe his eminent Virtues, muft be afcribed his generous Be- 
 haviour towards thofe, that had in any wife offended himj to thefe 
 alone Were the Brunfwickers indebted for their Prefervationj and 
 as Virtue never fails to be its own Reward, he muft have felt a 
 moft exquiftte Satisfaction, on recollecting, that he had extended 
 his Mercy to a Multitude of Perfons, who could be conlidered in 
 no other Light, than as living to the Glory of his Clemency. 
 
 Henry Julms was not fo wholly taken up with the Concerns 
 of his own Country, as to lofe Sight of what related to the Em- 
 pire in general. Notwithftanding the Troubles he met with 
 at Home, he generoufly employed himfelf in adjufting the Dif- 
 ferences, that broke out, from Time to Time, between the Empe- 
 ror and his Brother Mathias-, for which Purpofe,he made 
 feveral Journeys to Prague, where the Imperial Court was kept 
 at that Time, endeavouring as a true Patriot, to mediate a good 
 Underftanding between the two Brothers, whofe Broils were of 
 fuch a Nature, as ufually to break out again, almoft as foon as 
 they had been compofed. Rudolph, who had no legitimate Iffue, 
 on Account of his never entering into a married State, difcovered 
 a very ftrong Inclination to fivour and advance the Arch-Dukes 
 Ferdinand and Leopold, his Coufin Germans, in Prejudice of his 
 own Brothers. But thefe Princes, being governed by the Councils 
 of the yefuits, rendered themfelves thereby, fo odious to the States 
 of Hungary, in Order to deprive them at once of all Hopes of 
 
 fucceeding 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe of • 275 
 
 fucceeding to the Throne of that Kingdom, they eledted for 
 their King MathtaSy Rudolph'^ Brother, on Condition of having 
 their Privileges confirmed, with the Free Exercife of the Proteftant 
 Religion. The News of this Election and of the Condition, 
 whereupon it was made and accepted, awakened the Proteftants 
 in Bohemia, who thereupon refolved to depute fome of their moft 
 confiderable Men to invite him into Bohemia, in Hopes that the 
 States of that Kingdom might be induced thereby, to follow 
 the Example of the Hungarians, on their obtaining the fame 
 Favours. Hereupon Mathias, without Lofs of Time, levied 
 what Troops he could, and having put himfelf at their Head, 
 marched towards Bohemia, paffing through Aujlria, which he 
 likewife endeavoured to fubdue. Rudolph being exafperated 
 hereat to the laft Degree, put himfelf in a Pofture to oppofe his 
 Brothers Defign. But the Mediators, apprehending, that this Enter- 
 prize would be attended with fatal Confequences, went to meet 
 Mathias, to make him fenfible thereof, and induce him to come 
 to an Agreement with the Emperor, who, they aflured him, 
 was very much difpofed thereunto. Upon this AlTurance, he 
 yielded to their Advice, and thefe Princes managed Matters fo 
 well, that a Treaty came to be figned at Prague, wherein 
 Rudolph gave him up Hungary, Moravia and Aujlria, and pro- 
 mifed to fecure Bohemia to him, in Cafe he fhould die without 
 Male Heirs. 
 
 However, the Reconciliation, which hereupon enfued between 
 the two Brothers, was but of a very fliort Duration. The Em- 
 peror, inftead of dilbanding his Troops, according to the Treaty 
 of Prague, fuffered them to live at Difcretion in the Bifhoprick 
 of Pajfau, whence they marched into Bohemia, continuing to 
 ravage that Country, as they had done the other under the 
 Command of the Arch-Duke Leopold, Thefe Diforders dif- 
 gufting the States of the Empire, as much as thofe of Bohemia, 
 particularly the Proteftants, who were the greateft Sufferers by 
 thefe Incurfions j Mathias endeavoured to take Advantage thereof, 
 
 N n 2 partly 
 
276 
 
 i6io 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 partly to ftrengthen his Party in Bohemia^ and partly to caufe 
 himftlf to be eledled King of the Romans^ which Dignity, he 
 knew, Rudolph had a Mind to procure to one of the Arch- 
 Dukes of Aujiria, Notwithftanding the Probability there was, 
 that this Juncture would forward Mathias’s, Meafures, he mif- 
 carried in both his Defigns. For, Rudolph, fearing his Bro- 
 ther’s Intereft might become too formidable, thought it expe- 
 dient, to reconcile to himfelf the Proteftants in Bohemia, by 
 granting them that famous Charter, whereof more will be faid 
 hereafter, whereby they obtained full Liberty of Confcience, 
 with Leave to build Churches and to mark out Burying Grounds, 
 and Schools on Lands belonging to them, &c. As for the 
 Proteftants in Germany, they thought it fufficient for their 
 future Security, to enter into a new Alliance among themfelves, 
 called the Evangelical Uraon, whereof an Account will alfo be 
 given in its proper Place. 
 
 Rudolph, thus finding his Affairs tolerably fecured, loudly 
 exclaimed againft his Brother, infilling on a fuitable Satisfadlion 
 for the Offences he had received from him, by thefe and others 
 of his Proceedings. Hereupon their Differences being referred 
 to an Arbitration, Henry Julius, with the Eledlors of Mayence, 
 Cologn, and Saxony, the Landgrave of Hejfe, and the Arch- 
 Dukes Maximilian, Ferdinand, and Albert, were conftituted 
 Umpires, who, after having fully confidered the Points, both 
 Parties alledged againft each other, pronounced their Award in 
 Favour of Rudolph, condemning Mathias, to make Reparation 
 to his Brother, by begging his Pardon in Writing and even on 
 his Knees. Mathias, fubmitted thereto, and having accordingly 
 drawn up an Inftrument for teftifying his Regret, was now on 
 the Point of falling down before Rudolph, when this Prince on a 
 hidden relented, and not only tore the Writing in Pieces,but refufed 
 to accept of Mathias’s Humiliation j faying, that he had no Mind, 
 Pojierity Jhould have an Injlance, that a Defcendant of the Houfe 
 
277 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 cf Auflria had ever been brought to that Pinch ^ as to be obliged 
 to fall at a Roman EmperoPs Peet. 
 
 In Confequence hereof^ a Reconciliation was brought about 
 between thefe two Princes, without any Submiffion on Mathias'^ 
 Part. This goodUnderftanding, however, lafted but for afhortwhile. 
 The Bohemians, being the Year after highly exafperated againft 
 the Emperor on Account of the Inquilition, the Roman Catho* 
 licks were about to eftablilh in that Kingdom, and the continual 
 Mortifications they fuffered, without the lead; Regard being (hewed 
 to their Liberties and Privileges, had Recourfe to Mathias, who, on 
 their Application, promifed them his Affiftance, and marched an 
 Army into Bohemia, to oblige the Emperor, as it was given out, to 
 keep to the Promifes, he had made them. The Emperor, not find- 
 ing himfelf in a Condition to cope with him, immediately de- 
 clared, that he was willing to maintain the Bohemians in the 
 Enjoyment of their Liberty of Confcience and other Privileges ; 
 but Mathias, whofe fecret Views were to. acquire to himfelf 
 Bohetnia, finding that the Opportunity was now favourable, fo 
 dexteroully adted his Part, that Rudolph was obliged, by an au- 
 thentick Ceffion, to difpofifefs himfelf of that Kingdom, and 
 even to require the States to receive Mathias as his SuccefTor j to 
 which they confented with fo much more Readinefs, as they 
 were heartily weary of Rudolph's Government. 
 
 It does not appear, that Henry Julius, after the Pains he had 
 been at, in reconciling the Emperor with Mathias in 1610, 
 concerned himfelf any further with the Differences that hap- 
 pened between the two Brothers. But what deferves our parti- 
 cular Notice is, that how difficult foever it muff: have been for 
 him to keep fair with the two contending Parties, his Condu<ff; 
 was fuch, as intitled him equally to the Efleem of both. 
 Rudolph's Value for, and Confidence in him, cannot be called in 
 Qi^flion, fince he confented to his being one of his Umpires in 
 the Conteffs he had with his Brother j and as for Mathias, if 
 there was any Room to doubt of the Regard he had for him, 
 
 the 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 the following Inftance would fufficiently clear up tlaat Matter. 
 When Mathias, on Rudolph's Death, which happened fome 
 Months after his giving up Bohemia, came to be raifed to the Im- 
 perial Throne, and Hetiry ’Julius thereupon paid him a Vifit at 
 Prague, he received him with Marks of great Diftindion. 
 
 From this City Henry Julius intended to proceed to Ra- 
 ti Jbon, with a View, perfonally to affift at the Diet, which was 
 appointed to be held there, judging his Prefence neceifary at 
 that Place, as Matters of great Moment were in Agitation, 
 concerning the Proteftant Intereft, which fuftered much about 
 this Time by the Encroachments of the Roffian Catholicks. But 
 this his Intent he had not the Leifure to put in Execution ; he 
 was taken ill, while at Prague, of a Fever, which, though it 
 appeared of no Confequence in the Beginning, acquired after- 
 wards fo great a Degree of Malignity, as to put an End to his 
 Life, in the 49th Year of his Age. His laft Hours correijDonded 
 in every Refped: with the Tenor of his paft Life. For, as 
 among many other ftiining Qi^lities, he had given ample Proofs 
 of the Power he had over his Paffions j fo, in this critical Junc- 
 ture, he teftified, that his Sentiments, on this Head, were unal- 
 terable, declaring that he had not the leaft Refentment againft 
 any that had offended him, naming the Citizens of Brunfwick in 
 particular, whom he comprehended in this Declaration, and 
 moft fincerely pardoned. The Extent of his Knowledge had 
 brought him to fo thorough an Acquaintance with himfelf, that 
 he expreffed the greateft Humility and Refignation. The Dif- 
 courfes, which he held to thofe of his Court, who were pre- 
 fent, on the precarious State of human Nature, the Vanity of 
 earthly Things, and the Excellency and Immortality of the Soul, 
 were full of Energy, and fo much the more perfuafive, as they 
 knew, he was himfelf convinced of the Truth of what he faid. 
 In a Word the Purity of his Sentiments, and the admirable 
 Compofure of Mind, he (hewed on this Occafion, were fo highly 
 .edifying, that they profeffed, it was the ultimate of their 
 
 Wifhes 
 
Memoirs of the Hdtife (^Brunswick. 2.79 
 
 Wifhes to die the Death of this virtuous and excellent Prince* 
 
 He left by his fecond Wife Elizabeth ^ Daughter of Frederic II. 
 
 King of Denmark^ four Sons, Frederic UlriCy the eldeft, 
 fucceeded him; and Chrijiiariy Rudolph ^ and Henry Charles y 
 came all three fucceffively to the Bifhoprick of Halberjiadt, 
 
 We proceed to the Line of Harburg. Of ho the ToungeryOt\iotht 
 who fucceeded his Father, Otho furnamed the Elder y is rnen-thrLuie ^ 
 tioned in Hiftory, to have been a learned Prince and a great Harburg. 
 Favourer of Learning; and that befides this, he was highly Table VI. 
 efteemed, on Account of his particular Talent for accommo- 
 dating Differences among his Neighbours. He lived a peaceable 
 Life and died in 1603, leaving by his firft Wife, Margaret 
 Countefs of Schwartzburgy one Son named yohn Frederic ; and 
 by his fecond Wife Hedwig, Daughter of Enno Count of Eaji 
 Friezlandy five Sons, Williamy Chrijiophery Othoy yohuy and 
 Frederic y who were all of them not only Favourers of the 
 Mufes, but learned Men themfelves. William furvived all his 
 Brothers. Whatever relates to him, and is worthy of Notice, 
 will be mentioned hereafter. In the mean while we continue 
 the Thread of our Hiflory, with giving an Account of Ernejl 
 the Confejfor's Pofterity. 
 
 It has been faid above, that Ernejl the Confejfor left four Sons, Henry of the 
 Francis Otho y Frederic y Henry y and William., They being all 
 under Age at his Death, the States of the Principality of Z^//(? wards iikd 
 took upon them the Adminiflration of the Regency. During ^^®Houfe of 
 that Time, Frederic loft his Life in the Battle near Silvers- Woift^buttel, 
 haufen ; Francis OthoyV^hOy as the elder Brother, came to the 
 vernment of his Father’s Pofleffions in 1555, reigned but a fhort 
 Time, he dying in the Year 1559, three Months after the Ce- 
 lebration of his Nuptials with FJizabeth MagdaleUy Daughter of 
 yoachim II. Elector of Brandenburg. Thus his Dominions fell 
 to his two younger Brothers, Henry and Williamy who agreed 
 amongft themfelves to govern them jointly, which they continued to 
 
 do 
 
28 o 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswig k» 
 
 do for ten Years with great Unanimity and Friendfliip. 
 
 During this joint Government, Frederic II, King of Denmark^ 
 having in Conjunction with the Dukes of Holjlein^ commenced a 
 Waragainft a People, called th^Diethmarfes Country of that 
 
 Name, fituated on the German Ocean^ between the Elbe and the 
 Eyder-y Henry and William were induced thereby to augment their 
 Forces. As it was not known, with what View they had un- 
 dertaken this Step, the confederate Princes took Umbrage at it; 
 but were in Procefs of Time, fatisfied by the Difpolitions, Henry 
 and William made, that their foie Intent was, to prevent the 
 War from fpreading into their Dominions, However, the King 
 of Denmark and the Dukes of Holjleiny before they came ac- 
 quainted with the Caufe of Henry and William's Arming, had 
 no fmall Reafon to apprehend, that thefe Princes would intervene 
 in the War, on Account, that this Country, from ancient Times, 
 was a Province of the Houfe of Brunfwick ; Henry the Lyon, 
 having made himfelf Mafter of it in 1 148, and given it in Fief 
 to one Reinhold y by whom it was poffeffed to the Year 1164, 
 when the Wars Henry had with his Neighbours, afforded the Di- 
 ethmarfes an Opportunity to withdraw their Obedience. 
 
 As this Country was formerly the Property of the Houfe of 
 Brunfwicky it will not perhaps be thought improper, to give a 
 fhort Account of the Fate, its Inhabitants met with, after they had 
 forfaken their Allegiance to Henry, We find, that from that 
 Time they were fubjeCt to many Attacks from different 
 Enemies, whom they withftood, fometimes by fiding with the 
 Kings of Denmark and Dukes of Holjleiny but for the moft Part 
 by fheltering themfelves under the Wings of the Arch-Bifhops of 
 Bremen 'y according to what the different Junctures required. This 
 however, they did no longer, than they were compelled to it by 
 Neceffity; as foon as the Storm ceafed, they fet up again for a 
 Free People, as little caring for their Friends, as for their Ene- 
 mies. Woldemar II. King of Denmarky had the good Fortune 
 in 1226, to make himfelf feared by this People, and was in a fair 
 
 Way 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 281 
 
 Way of bringing thsir Country under Subjedion to himj but 
 when he obliged them, the Year after, to fight in his Wars againfi: 
 the Dukes or Counts of Holjlein, they deferted him in the Battle 
 near Bornhoe^ede^ mentioned in the Life of Otho the Infant ^ and 
 even turned their Arms againft him, wh’ereby Woldemar was in- 
 tirely routed. Sixty two Years after, Gerhard II, Count of 
 Jlein, having taken upon him to invade their Country, his Expe- 
 dition was attended with fuch Succefs, that, in all Probability, he 
 would have totally fubdued it, had not a very odd Accident de- 
 livered them from the Danger, they were then threatened with. 
 
 Both Armies having fo far advanced, as to be almofi; in Reach of 
 each other, a Hare ftarted up, and pafling by the Fore-mofl; of 
 the Troops, they, out of a Frolick, made a Cry, which - 
 
 the Hindermofi: taking for a Sign of Defeat, took to Flight, and 
 thereby gave an Opportunity to the Diethmarfes to obtain a corn- 
 pleat Viftory. From this Time they remained unattacked to 
 the Year 1320, when another Count of Holjlein^ of the fame 
 Name, having formed a Scheme to make himfelf Mafter of their 
 Country, marched an Army againft them. To cover his Defigrt 
 the better, he ordered every one of the Soldiers to carry before 
 him a large Bough of May, which inabled him to furprize the 
 DiethmafeSy when they were the leaft aware of an Enemy. A 
 great Number of their Men were killed, notwithftanding which, 
 they made fo ftout a Refiftance, that Gerhard could get no Foot- 
 ing in their Country. Two Years after he returned, and having 
 killed about one Thoufand of the Diethmarfes in a pitched Battle, 
 the reft of their fighting Men retired into the Church of Olden- 
 wordeHy to which the Enemy fet Fire. When the Leads of the 
 Church began to melt, the Diethmarfes fQQing Death before their 
 Eyes, grew defperate, and making a moft furious Sally, not only 
 killed a vaft Number of their Enemies, but drove the Remainder 
 out of their Country. Hereupon they enjoyed Peace till the Year 
 1404, when Albert y Count of Holjlein undertook a frefti Expe« 
 dition againft them, but had the Misfortune to lofe his Life in 
 
 O Q the. 
 
^82 Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick., 
 
 the Beginning of it. His Brother Gerhard neverthelefs, being 
 determined at all Events to revenge his Death, continued the War, 
 which proved fo far fuccefsful to him, that he feized on Meldorff^ 
 and having made a great Booty there, fet out on his Return to 
 Holjiein. The Diethmarfes could not brook to let him carry off 
 this Treafure in Peace j wherefore a Body of them, having befet 
 a Grove, through which the Holjiein Troops were to pafs, they 
 no fooner faw the Shield-bearers, who were the foremoft, arrive, 
 but they began to fkirmiih with them. Gerhard imagining, 
 that the Noife he heard, proceeded from a Qimrrel, that had a- 
 rofe among his own People, advanced to them without his Ar- 
 mour, and was killed with his chief Officers, and a confiderable 
 Number of the Army. Seventy Years after, the Emperor Fre~ 
 derick III, of his own Authority, difpofed of this Country in 
 Favour of Chrijiian I, King of Denmark^ but the Diethmarfei 
 refiifing to be under his Subjedion, John his Succeffor, refolved 
 to fubdue them by Force ; confidently pretending, that lince he 
 had been able to make himfelf Mafter of Sueden, which was a- 
 bove an hundred Times bigger than Diethmarfeny he fhould foon 
 conquer this petty Country. Hereupon he took the Field, with 
 the Flower of the Banijh Nobility, who, in Imitation of their 
 Leader, were fo prefumptuous as to affure themfelves of what 
 depends on the Inconffancy of Fortune, and out of Contempt to 
 this People, appeared in their beft Dreffes, as if invited to a 
 Wedding. Horfes and Carts were provided to carry off the Booty, 
 they were to make, and many of the neighbouring Citizens were 
 at Hand, with Money to buy Penny-worths. Moreover, thq 
 Chief Officers of the Danes were already calling up, how much 
 they fhould have per Annum from the Church-Lands j they ex- 
 peded to have a Share in j and called one another Abbots and 
 Prelates before-hand. This Expedition happened in the Year 
 1 500 ; the DiethmarfeSy who were but an Handful of People in 
 Comparifon with the DaneSy on their Approach, retired to their 
 Marfhes, which the Danes taking for a Flight, followed them, 
 
 but 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe of B r unswick. 283 
 
 but were foon convinced of their Miftake : For on advancing, 
 they found the Marfhes, wherewith this Country abounds, im- 
 pafTable, at the fame Time, that the Ditches, on both Sides, 
 obftrudted their filing off fideways, and their heavy Baggage, 
 which followed, hindered them from making a Retreat. The 
 Diethmarfes on their Part, like fo many Graflioppers, leaped up 
 and down the Marfhes, with their long vaulting Poles, and de- 
 ftroyed the Danes in Front, Flank, and Rear : Moreover they 
 cut their Dikes, whereby, the Foot were up to their Knees in 
 Water, and the Horfe unable to move at all. Wind and 
 Weather declaring likewife againfl them, they were prevented 
 from making Ufe of their Sight : Thus, fuch as endeavoured to 
 retreat, fell into the Ditches, the Horfe were brought into Confu- 
 fion, and it was at length found abfolutely neceffary, to ruin all 
 the Baggage Waggons, to make Room for a Retreat, Four 
 Thoufand of the Danes remained upon the Spot, having never 
 had an Opportunity to fliew their Bravery, the Reft difperfed, 
 and the Diethmarfes befides the Vidtory they got, made a moft 
 extraordinary Booty. Amongft the Lofles, which their Enemies 
 fuftained on this Occafion, was, that of the famous Banner, 
 called Danehroge^ which, according to Tradition, fell from 
 Heaven in 1219, during the War Woldemar II. made againft 
 the Infidels in Livonia^ and gave Occafion to the Order of 
 Danebroge^ inftituted by that King, in Memory of fo wonder- 
 ful an Acquifition. This Banner was probably troden under 
 Foot and buried in the Water, fince it was never feen afterwards. 
 
 The DiethmarfeSy after this furprizing Succefs, returned in 
 Triumph to their Habitations, boafting in a jeering Manner, 
 that never more Abbots and Prelates were killed in any En- 
 gagement, than in this. The Confequence of this Vic- 
 tory was, that from that Time, they enjoyed their Liberty full 
 60 Years, till Frederic II. King of Denmark with the Affift- 
 ance of the Dukes of Holjieiny in 1559, made a new Attempt 
 againft them. The Enterprize of the Confederate Princes was 
 attended with a very different Succefs to that of Jobn'Sy for they 
 
 Q o 2 immediately 
 
384 Memoirs of 'the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 Immediately took Meldorff by Aflault ; from whence having 
 marched to Heyde, both Armies met, and a moft obftinatc Fight 
 enfiied, which was renewed thrice in one Day, but always ended 
 to the Difadvantage of the Diethmarfes. Three Thoufand of 
 their Warriours having at length been killed, about four Thoufand 
 that remained, retired into the Marlhes, and offered to furrender 
 upon honourable Terms. Several Authors affure us, that the 
 Generofity of Henry and William was fo great, as to fet afide 
 their own Intereft, in order to interpofe their good Offices with 
 the Confederate Princes, in Behalf of thefe diftreffed People. 
 In Confequence hereof, a Negotiation was entered upon, tolerable 
 Conditions were procured to the Diethmarfes, and the whole 
 being reduced in Form of a Capitulation, came to be executed 
 in the open Field ; whereupon they furrendered themfelves and 
 their Country, which was incorporated into, and from that 
 Time, remains a Province of the Dutchy of Holjlein. 
 
 Some Years after Henry having taken a Refolution to live a quiet 
 Life, refigned his Share of the Government to his Brother William , 
 refer ving no more to himfelf than the Counties of Danneberg, 
 and Luchow, with their Dependencies ; and as he feemed in- 
 clined to lead a fingle Life, he refided with his Brother at Zelle 
 till the Year 1569, when having altered his Mind with refpedt 
 to the latter Point, he kept his Refidence at the Caflle of Danne- 
 berg j which was the Occafion of his Poderity being for fome 
 Time called the Line of Danneberg. He died in 1598, leaving 
 by his Wife Urfula, Daughter of Francis I. Duke of Saxe Lau~ 
 enbiirg, three Sons, fulius Erneji, Francis, and Augiift, whereof 
 the firfl and the latter having fucceeded him in their Turns, 
 we fhall have an Opportunity of relating the mod memorable 
 Occurrences of their Lives hereader, when we fhall treat of the 
 Houfe of Brunfwick of the lad Dividon, or the prefent Houfe 
 of Brunfwick Wolffenbuttel. Francis, his fecond Son, was re- 
 nowned both for Learning and Valour. He commanded the 
 Auxiliaries, which the Houfe of Brunfwick fent to the Affidance 
 of the Emperor Rudolph II. againd the Turks ^ and affided at the 
 
 taking 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 285 
 
 taking of theFortrefs of Stuhl-Weijfenbiirg in 1601. The Chap- 
 ters of Strajburg and Cologn^ having during this Expedition, 
 admitted him into their Body, he fet out for the firft Place j but 
 a little River, between Rajiddt and that City, having overflowed 
 the Country, he miffed the Bridge, and was drowned in the 
 29th Year of his Age. 
 
 To what has been already faid of William^ Brother to Henry ^ Houfe of 
 
 we muff add, that he caufed the Sum of the Proteftant Doctrines Luneburg. 
 to be reduced into a Body, which he publifhed in 1 576, under Table viil. 
 the Title of Corpus DoSlrince Lunehurgicum^ ordering that every 
 Clergyman within his Dominions, lliould make Oath, at his 
 Ordination, to conform himfelf to its Contents. Moreover, 
 being very zealous for extending the Reformation, he gave his 
 Affiftance to Eberhard Bifliop of Verden^ who was about intro- 
 ducing the Proteftant Religion in his Bifhoprick. 
 
 His Brother's eafy Temper had been the Occafion, that a far 
 larger Share of Dominions fell to 'his Lot, than he had Room 
 to expedt. Thefe Providence further augmented by the Accef- 
 hon of others in 1582 and 1585. The firft happened on the 
 Death of Otho^ laft Count of Hoya^ whofe Poffeffions he divided 
 with ’Julius of the Houle of Wolff enbutt el ^ and with the Houle 
 of Heffe^ receiving for his Share, the Caftles and Bailiwicks of 
 Hoydy Nienburgy Liebenau^ and Bruchhaufen ; after which, on 
 the Demife of Frederic laft Count of Diepholt, this County, as 
 a Fief of the Houle of Luneburg^ devolved intire to him, with 
 its Dependencies. But, how much focver William' % Territories 
 came hereby to be inlarged, his Poffellions were by far inferior to 
 what his prudent Government and tender Concern for the Wel- 
 fare of his Country deferved. Nothing can better fhew, how 
 much his Subjects efteemed him on thefe Accounts, and how 
 highly they were pleafed with the Wifdom of his Adminiftra- 
 tion, than the Epithets they gave him of the Pious, the Juft and 
 the Paciftck : And as there can be no furer Proof of a Prince’s 
 making a People happy, than when they rejoice at his having 
 
 a large 
 
286 
 
 Philip. II, of 
 the Line of 
 Grubenhagen. 
 
 Table HI. 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 a large Poflerity, William had frequently the Satisfadion to be 
 convinced thereof, by feeing his People exprefs upon all Occa- 
 fions the Delight they took in his numerous Iffue ; which con- 
 fided in fifteen Children, whom he had by his only Confort 
 Dorothy t Daughter of ChriJUan III. King of Denmark^ and 
 who all furvived him. It mud be added, that high Encomi- 
 ums have been bedowed upon him by Authors, on Account of 
 his Knowledge, which is reported to have been very extenfive,. 
 and his Memory fo great, that he could not only relate, what 
 he had read for many Years pad, but even quote the Author 
 and Page where it was to be found. He died in 1592, and of 
 his feven Sons, named Ernejiy ChriJUan^ AuguJiuSy Frederic^ 
 Magnus, George, and yohn, the four elded fucceded him in 
 their Turns ; whofe memorable Adlions we fhall relate, when 
 we treat of the Houfe of Brunfwick-Luneburg feparately. 
 
 PHILIP II. at Grubenhagen j the lad of that Line.. 
 
 W'lLLI AM the younger, at Harburg-, the lad of that 
 Line. 
 
 FREDERIC ULRIC, 2X Wolff enbutt el y the lad of that 
 Line. 
 
 There remains but one Prince of the Line of Grubenhagen to 
 be mentioned, whofe Name was Philip II, to whom his Bro- 
 ther Wolfgang, in his Life Time, had ceded a Part of his PrincL 
 pality. It is faid in Hidory, that this Prince lived for many Years 
 at the Court of yoachim II. Elector of Brandenburg, and was 
 62 Years old, when he inherited the remaining Part of his Bro- 
 ther’s Pofiedions. His new Subjects at his Accedion, promifed 
 themfelves great Happinefs under his Reign, as he had acquired 
 the Reputation of being a pious and prudent Prince j which 
 afforded a Profpedt fo much the more pleafing, as it was known, 
 that his Wife, Clare Daughter of Henry the younger of the Line 
 of Wolff'enbuttel, was pofieded of the fame Virtues. But fcarce 
 had they entertained Hopes of the Advantages, they might derive 
 from his wife and gentle Adminidration, than they faw them- 
 felves 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 felves difapponited : for they loft him almoft as foon as he had 
 commenced his Reign. He furvived his Brother but one Year, 
 and departed this Life in 1596, without leaving any Iftue. 
 
 The Line of Grubenhagen^ which from the Time of Henry 
 the Wonderful^ had fubfifted 317 Years, became now extinft 
 by his Death. Henry Julius of the Line of Wolffenbuttely who 
 had prevailed upon Philip to cede his Principality to him, took 
 Pofteflion thereof after his Demife : But the Houfe of Lune^ 
 burg having a better Right to the Succeflion, a Law Suit began, 
 which ended in Favour of the faid Houfe in 1617, when this 
 Principality, devolved to the younger Branch of Ernejl the Con^ 
 fe/for’s Pofterity, as will be mentioned hereafter. 
 
 As for William^ the laft furviving Prince of the Line of HarburgyWAXnm of th» 
 he came to his Father Otho the Pofleffions in 1603, and^jJ|*® ofHar- 
 
 gave his Brother Cbrijlopher a Share in the Regency. We find, that 
 his Thirft after Knowledge was fo great, that he ftudied fuc- 
 ceffively at three Univerfities Rojiock^ Leipzig^ and Helmjicedty 
 and having finiftied his Studies, vifited feveral Parts of Europey 
 particularly Francey Englandy the Netherla?idsy Italy y Hungaryy. 
 
 Poland and Denmarky fetting down in his Journals whatever 
 occurred to him that was memorable. Not content with having 
 feen thefe different Countries, he had an Inclination to travel 
 into the Eajiy which nothing could have diverted him from,, 
 but the Death of his Brother, whereby he was obliged to return 
 to his Dominions, Authors extoll him for having been a per- 
 fect Mafter of fix Languages, and for being Author of feveral 
 Tradls in Divinity. 
 
 His younger Brother Frederic deferves a Place here, for his having, 
 much fignalizedhimfelfin the War, which CharlesYK. King of Sue- 
 den madeagainft the Polesm Livonia in 1600. Heaffifted him there 
 at the Taking of the City of BorckUy and the Year following, at the. 
 
 Siege of RigUy which mifcarried. Hereupon the ^uedijh Army 
 extended their Conquefts towards EJihoniay and afterwards re- 
 fumed the Siege of Rigay in 1605, about which Time Frederic 
 
 ‘ loft 
 
288 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brun$wick, 
 
 loft his Life in the 27th Year of his Age ; but by what Accident, 
 Authors do not pofitively mention. 
 
 William furvived all his Brothers, none of whom left any Iffue, 
 and he himfelf having never been married, died likewife without 
 Pofterity in 1642, in the 78th Year of his Age j whereby the Line 
 of Harburg became extinft, and its Pofleffions fell to the new 
 Houfe of Brunfizick Luneburg. 
 of^he*LiYe*^of come now to the Line of Wolff enbuttel. Frederic JJlric 
 WolfFenbuttel. Son of Henry ffidiuSy ftudied in his younger Years at the Uni^ 
 T bleV Helmjicedt and Fubingen, and in order to qualify 
 
 himfelf the better for Government, travelled into foreign Coun- 
 tries, to make himfelf acquainted with their Laws and Cuftoms, 
 chiefly with thofe of Efigland, and France^ from which King- 
 doms he returned fome Time before his Father’s Death. 
 
 No fooner had he got PoflTeflion of the Dominions devolved 
 to him, but he refolved, to compel the Citizens of Brunfwick 
 to return to the Obedience, they owed to him, as their lawful 
 Prince, and which they had fo ftubbornly denied to his Father, 
 «otwithftanding the Lenity they had been treated with by him. 
 Hereupon the City made Overtures for an Accommodation, 
 whereunto Frederic Ulric being well inclined, he granted a fafe 
 Condudl for their Deputies to appear at Wolffenbuttel^ in order to 
 treat on fuch Means, as might be conducive for bringing about 
 ^ Reconciliation. Here his Minifters acquainted them with the 
 Conditions, on which he propofed to grant them an Amnefty 
 for their former Condud; and to receive them in Favour : But the 
 Deputies having made their Report to thofe that fent them, it 
 fbon appeared, that the Magiftrates were far from liftening in 
 Earneft to the Propofals that were tendered to them, notwith- 
 ftanding the dangerous Situation they were in, on Account of 
 their being ftill under the Ban of the Empire. This unaccount- 
 able Behaviour having at length determined Frederic Uhic^ to 
 exert his Power, he levied Troops, and invefted the Cityj 
 ^ whereby the BrunfwickerSy though they obftinately defended 
 
 them- 
 
289 
 
 ■ Memoirs of the Houfe ^Bjiunswick. 
 
 themfelves for above three Months j were obliged to return to 
 their Duty and to confent to do him Homage, 'Whereupon the \0iS. 
 Ban of the Empire was repealed in 1617. 
 
 Frederic XJlric^ befides the Dominions he came to by Inheri- 
 tance, was chofen Adminiftrator of the Convent of Walkenried^ 
 and alfo polfelfed the County of Rheinjlehi^ wherewith his Bro- 
 ther Chrijiian, Bifhop of Halberjiadt had inverted him. As the 
 Father and Grand- Father of thele Princes had fo afliduoufly em- 
 ployed themfelves, in making Learning flourirti in the JVolffenbut- 
 tel Dominions ; it is no Wonder, that Frederic Ulric^ in whom 
 all the eminent Virtues of his Ancertors, feemed to center, fliould 
 exert the fame noble Spirit, during his Reign. In Confequence 
 hereof, we find, that his Munificence was very extenfive to learned 
 Men, and that in order to increafe the Means for attaining Know- 
 ledge, he confiderably augmented the Revenues of the Univer- 
 fity of Helmjicedt^ prefenting it likewife with a large and choice 
 Library, which his Grand-Father ’Julius had begun to colledt,and 
 his Father Henry Julius^ had inlarged with the curious Library 
 of Mathias Flaccius lllyricus. Befides this, being alfo very at- 
 tentive to whatever could either defend or adorn his Dominions, 
 he, among other Things provided the City of Wolffhibuttelm 
 1617, with a magnificent Arfenal, and caufed a new Pedertal 
 to be eredted in the City of Brunfwicky to the ancient Monument 
 fet up by Henry the Lyon^ in 1 168 ; to which, by his Order, an 
 infeription (a) was added, exprefling the Time when the whole 
 was repaired, and likewife the Year of the Siege and Surrender 
 of the City of Brunswick, 
 
 Great were the Expedtations, after an happy End was put to 
 the Troubles jurt mentioned, that Frederic tllric would have 
 poflefled his Dominions in Tranquillity, and his Subjedts thereby 
 
 {a) The Infeription is: Anno Salutis human! generis, MDC.XVT. Menf : Auguft: 
 Illuftriflknus Princeps & Dominus, Fridericus Huldaricus, Henrici Julii Filius, Bruns : Sc 
 Luneb: Dux, hetfantiquum Monumentum Gentilitium, Tempork & Cceli injuria colkp- 
 fum, reftaurari & priftino nitorl rellitui curavit, poftquam anno preecedenti urbem hanc a- 
 cerrima obfidionc anno MDCXV. XXII- Julii ufque ad XI. Novemb. cinxiflet. Sc tandem 
 foluta ea Menfe Febr, pax et Concordia homagio fubjuramenti fide prsIU to, firmata elTet, in 
 rei perennem memoriam. 
 
 P p have 
 
290 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 have an Opportunity, peaceably to enjoy the Bleflings, they had 
 Room to flatter themfelves with, from his aufpicious Govern- 
 ment. But how fanguine foever thefe Hopes were, and whatever 
 Reafon there might be for entertaining them j this Prince was fo 
 far from continuing in the quiet Enjoyment of his Territories, that 
 they, with the Refl of Germany, came foon after, to be the 
 Theatre of a War, which lafled no lefs than Thirty Years. A 
 War which occafioned much Blood-fhed, and fuch Scenes of 
 Horror and Defolation, as Hiflory can fcarce parallel; Tr^ks 
 whereof are ftill to be difcovered in fome Parts of Germany, 
 
 In Order to give a diflindl Account of thefe troublefome 
 Times, it will be necelTary, to relate a few Events, that were 
 previous to this War and occafloned it, efpecially as hereby the 
 Reader will be inabled to underftand, how it came, to pafs,. that 
 the Brunfwick and Luneburg Dominions came to be. involved in 
 it. It being evident from feveral Inftances, that the Roman. Ca- 
 tholicks had no Mind to Hand to the Peace of Religion any longer, 
 than it fuited their Conveniency, the Protefant Princes, for their 
 mutual Defenfe, entered, in 1610, into an Alliance, which was 
 called the Evangelical Union, as has been related above.. 
 
 It is faid, theX Henry W t King of France, would have headed 
 this Alliance, had he not been unexpectedly aflfaflinated in the 
 fame Year; which, though infilted upon by feveral Authors, 
 feems improbable, on Account that he could not very well have 
 carried this Point, unlefs by returning to the Protefant Religion, 
 whereby his Crown would have been put in great and imminent 
 Danger. However that be, the Roman Catholick Princes, on 
 their Part, entered alfo into an Alliance, which was called the 
 Catholick League', but with this Difference, that feveral Strangers 
 were admitted into it,, as the Pope, the King of and others ; , 
 whereas, none but Princes of the Empire were Members of the. 
 Evangelical U?iion. Thus, the War feemed in a Manner de- 
 clared between both Parties, and nothing was wanting to make: 
 
 it. 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 it break out, but a proper Opportunity, which the Bohefniam 
 furnifhed them with at length. 
 
 It has been obferved in the Life of Henry ’Julius^ that the Pro- 
 teftants in that Kingdom obtained in 1609, of the Emperor Ru- 
 dolph II, then King of Bohemia^ a Charter for the free Exercife 
 of their Religion. Mathias^ his SuccefTor, though he much dif- 
 relilhed this Grant, found himfelf under aNeceffity of confirm- 
 ing it: For being willing to fecure to the Arch- Duke Ferdinand^ 
 his Coufin German, the Succeffion to Bohemia^ he requefled the 
 States to crown him their King, in his Life-time ; which they did 
 in 1617, but under this exprefs Condition, that their Privileges, 
 particularly Rudolph's Charter fhould be a-new confirmed. 
 
 Notwithftanding thefe new Securities obtained by the Pro- 
 tejiants of that Kingdom, for the Enjoyment of their Religion, 
 they were not in the leafi: better treated. This occafioned loud 
 Murmurings, and though the Emperor might, at that Time, 
 have fatisfied them upon the eafy Terms of remedying the Dif- 
 orders complained of j their Refentment was ftill heightened more 
 and more, by one of their Churches being demoliihed, and ano- 
 ther fhut up at this very Juniflure. Thefe, and other rigorous 
 Proceedings prompted fome Noblemen of that Religion to com- 
 plain to the Council, which Mathias had left at Prague ; Their 
 Reprefentations were not only trifled with, but anfwered in a very 
 haughty Manner; whereupon . they convened the States of the 
 Kingdom, in Order to deliberate on the Situation their Affairs 
 were reduced to, and to find out Means for having their 
 Grievances redreffed. 
 
 Mathias was no fooner apprized hereof, but he endeavoured to 
 hinder their Meeting, feverely threatening thofe that had fum-r 
 moned them. Neverthelefs the Aflembly was opened, and it 
 being refolved therein, to depute fome of the Nobility to the 
 Council, they accordingly appeared there, making new Repre- 
 fentations and demanding juffice. Among the Members that 
 afflffed at the Council, were JaroJlaw Count of MartinitZy WiU 
 
 P p 2 liayn 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 de Slavatay and Philip Fabritius^ Secretary of the Council 
 who diftinguiiihed themfelves above the Reft, in rejedling the De- 
 mand of the Deputies with great Inveteracy and Contempt. 
 Hereupon, the Deputies grew fo exafperated, that having tingled 
 out thefe three Perfons, and feized upon them, they threw 
 them out of the Windows from the fecond Story. Several Piftols 
 were alfo difcharged at them, but they receiving little, or no Hurt 
 thereby, were in a Condition, to repair to j where 
 thias had transferred his Refidence, and to make themfelv'es, a 
 Report of what had happened. 
 
 The Bohemians could eafily forefee, that this Adion would 
 draw upon them a rigorous Refentment from the Emperor. For 
 this Reafon, the thirty Diredlors, to whom they had intmfted the 
 Government of the Kingdom, did all in their Power to put it 
 in a State of Defence, fending neceffary Orders for raifing Forces 
 throughout Bohemia. At the fnme Time, being fenfible, that 
 the Jefuits were the Authors of their Misfortunes, they expelled 
 them out of the Kingdom; and, that the Emperor and the 
 whole World might not be ignorant of the Juftice of their Caufe, 
 find of the Motives that had put them upon this Courfe, they 
 publilhed a Manifefto ; wherein amongft other Things, they 
 ‘ declared, that the Perfons, whom they had thrown out of the 
 Windows, were Traitors, Enemies of the State, and Difturbers 
 ®f the publick Tranquillity, and that as fuch they had chaftifed 
 them, after the ancieJit and laudable Cujlom of their Country. 
 
 In the mean while, Mathias not being able to digeft the Rea-' 
 fons whereby they juftified their Proceedings, bent all his 
 Thoughts on punifhing them ; though, at the fame Time he 
 ftrove to amufe them by Letters and a Manifefto in Anfwer to 
 theirs. The Council of Vienna being as little inclined to give 
 them Satisfaction, an Army was brought together, which, under 
 the Command of the Generals Pampier and Buqiioy^ advanced 
 to the Frontiers of Bohemia. The Bohemians having been fo 
 expeditious in aftembling Forces, as already to number 30,009 
 
 Men, 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe o/Brunswick. 
 
 Men, put them under the Condudl of Erneji Count of Mansfeld 5 
 who immediately marched to Pilfen^ whereof he made himfelf 
 Mailer, in Spite of a large Reinforcement thrown into it by 
 *Tampier. Hereupon Buquoy with his Body entered the Country, 
 committing fuch Ravages and Cruelties, that feveral Princes in 
 the Neighbourhood were moved to Compaflion by this unfortu- 
 nate People’s Sufferings, and undertook to efpoufe their Caufe. 
 The Princes of the Evangelical U?iio?i likewife, thinking it high 
 Time to Interpofe in their Behalf, made Reprefentatlons to the 
 Bmperor, informing him of the Importance of this Affair, which 
 ^they looked upon as affedling not only the Bohemians j but all the 
 Proteflants of the Empire. 
 
 Mathias finding that his Procedure was like to flir 
 up the Refentment of all the Proteflant States of the Empire, 
 feemed inclined to an Accommodation. To compafs this End, 
 the Eledlors of Mayence^ Saxony^ and Palatine, with the Duke 
 of Bavaria, were defired by him, to confider of fome Expedient 
 for bringing thefe Differences to an amicable Iffue. A Day being 
 accordingly appointed for the Meeting of the Deputies of both 
 Parties at Egra, they there entered upon a Negotiation, which 
 however, was not attended with the defired Effect j partly by' 
 the Craft of fome that had a particular Interefl in fpinning out 
 thefe Troubles, and partly on Account of News arriving that 
 Buquoy had feized on the City of Budweis. Hereby all Meafures 
 for an Accommodation being broke, the Deputies withdrew, and 
 foon after the Emperor Mathias departed this Life, without feeing 
 an End of thefe Commotions. 
 
 The great Severity, the Bohemians had been treated with by 
 the Houfe of Aujiria, which had hurried them on to the Ex- 
 tremities before mentioned, now made thdm fo averfe to that 
 Family, that they not only difowned Ferdinand to be their King,, 
 though crowned by them in Mathias's Life Time j but alfo en- 
 deavoured to prevent his being advanced to the Imperial Dignity, 
 for which he flood a Candidate. With thisView they fenl Deputies 
 
 to 
 
294 - 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 to Frankforty with Orders to proteft' there to the Electoral Col- 
 lege, that Ferdinand was not their King, and on this Account 
 'had neither a Right to take Place in that College, nor was qua- 
 lified to be eledled Emperor. As during Mathiases Life Time, 
 Ferdinandy though he bore the Title of King of Bohemiay did 
 not intermeddle with Affairs relating to the Government of that 
 Kingdom, and as there was no Room as yet to believe that he 
 would fleer the fame pernicious Courfe his Predecefifors had done ; 
 it feems probable, that thefe Confiderations prevailed upon the 
 Eledlors, to pay no Regard to the Reprefentations of the Bohe- 
 miansy who mifcarried in their Defign, fo that Ferdinand was 
 unanimoufly eledtedEmperor, and crowned accordingly. However 
 this fo little difheartened them, that they now proceeded to eledl a 
 King of their own, and being much taken with the Wifdom and 
 Piety oi Frederic Eledlor Palatme, Son in Law to y antes I. King 
 of England -y they not only raifed him to that Dignity, but the more 
 to fliew their Attachment to his Houfe, and to cut off at once the 
 Houfe of Aujiria from all Hopes of ever coming again to that 
 Kingdom, they declared that the Succeffion at his Death fliould 
 devolve to his eldefl Son. 
 
 Hereupon FrederiCy put himfelf in a Condition to maintain 
 the Throne, he had acquired by the free Choice of his new Sub- 
 jedls. He had Reafon to expeft Affiflance from the Evangelical 
 Uniony headed, at that Time, hy Joachim Erttejl Margrave of 
 Brandenburg Anfpach ; but he was fruflrated in his Hopes, as 
 this Prince accepted of a Neutrality, and engaged not to aft with 
 the Army of that Alliance, as long as the War fhould be con- 
 fined to Bohetnia. The Cafe of Ferdinand however, feemed fo 
 defperate in the Beginning, that there was a great Probability of 
 Frederic'?, carrying his Point againfl him, even without the Sup- 
 port of the Union. For, befides the Aflillance, he could pro- 
 mife himfelf from the BohemianSy he might In fome Meafure, 
 depend upon the SileftanSy MoravianSy LufatianSy HungarianSy 
 jind the grcatefl Part of the AuJrianSy whofe Affeftions Ferdi- 
 
 nand 
 
295 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 nand had fo far forfeited, that they openly declared againft him, 
 and no more than three Cities, viz. Vienna j Neufiadt^ and Orem^, 
 remained faithful to him. 
 
 Bohemia being the Subjedl of the Q^rrel, it alfo became the 
 Scene of the firft Hoflilities. Ferdinand^ notwithftanding the 
 bad Situation his Affairs were in, found Means to engage in his 
 Intereft, Maximilian Duke of Bavaria^ Head of the Catholick 
 League ; who marched to his Affiftance with an Army of 
 50,000 Men, furniflied by the Powers engaged in that Alliance. 
 Frederic's Forces, which amounted to about'3 0,000 Men under 
 the Command of the Prince of Anhalt^ and the Counts of Mamfeld 
 and de la Four^ had occupied' an Eminence near. Prague^ called the 
 Weijfe-Bergy where both Armies having met, an Engagement 
 enfued. Eight Regiments- of Hungarians^ led to the Affiflaiice 
 of the Bohemians y by Bethlen Gabor y took to Flight before, the 
 Imperialifts began the Attack j their Cowardice never thelefs . made 
 no Impreffion upon the Reft of Frederic's Army, who encoun- 
 tered the Enemy with remarkable Steadinefs, and ftood their 
 Ground for a eonfiderable Time: but the Imperialifts by the 
 vaft Superiority of their Numbers, having made a prodigious 
 Slaughter among the Bohemians were at length obliged togive^ 
 Way, whereby Ferdinand obtained a compleat Vidlory. Frederic 
 being thus worfted, retired firft to Silef a and afterwards to the 
 Marggraviate of Brandenburg ; fliorfty after which, the Emperor 
 with incredible Expedition,brought again BohemiayMoraviaJIun- 
 gary-yAuJiricy Lufatiuy andAS*//^^ under Subjection to him, through 
 the Affiftance of the Catholick League, and the Elector of Saxc? 7 y; 
 who, in particular, ftrenuoufty employed hirafelf in the Reduc- 
 tion of the two latter Provinces. 
 
 Ferdinand y elevated by this extraordinary Succcfs, nor only fe- 
 verely. punifhed the BohemianSy but like wife perfecuted the Pro^-- 
 tejlants in his Dominions with the utmoft Rigour,, in Spite of the 
 Ihterceffions made in their Behalf by the Proteftant Princes,, 
 chiefly by the Elector of Saxony. This Prince, who had been fo 
 
 remarkably. 
 
 i6zoi. 
 
296 
 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Bru'nswicic. 
 
 remarkably iiiftrumental in fupporting the tottering Crowns of 
 Ferdinand^ had even the Mortification to find the good O.hces, 
 which he interpofed 'in Favour of Frederic, flighted ; the 
 Emperor paying fo little Regard to them, that he carried 
 the War out of Bohemia into Germany, under Pretence of 
 profecuting fuch as were of the King of Bohemia's Party ; and 
 under this Cloak, the Army of the League fpread itfelf almofl all 
 over Germa?iy. 
 
 The Protejiant Princes could not but be alarmed at thefe Pro- 
 ceedings, which hadfomanifeft aTendency to fubvert theirLiberty 
 and Religion j wherefore fome of them refolved to arm themfelves, 
 in Order to be in a Readinefs to ward off the fatal Blow that 
 threatened them. Ferdinand took Umbrage at this, and judging 
 thefe their Meafures contrary to his fecret Schemes, did all in his 
 Power to divert them from this Refolution. Herein however, 
 he did not meet with the Succefs he deflred : For, the Exceffes 
 committed by the Troops of the League in different Parts of 
 Germany, being of fo flagrant a Nature, as not to admit of a 
 Palliative 5 Frederic Ulric and the other Princes of the Circle of 
 Lower Saxony (a), at theDefire of ChriJHan IV. King of Denmark^ 
 met at Segenberg in the Dutchy of Holjlein ; where, having con- 
 fulted on the precarious Situation the Empire then appeared in, 
 a Refolution was taken, to put themfelves forthwith in a State 
 of Defence for the Security of their Dominions. 
 
 Whilfl this was doing, Ferdinand carried his Refentment 
 againft Frederic, to the moft unjuflifiable Lengths, firetching 
 his Power beyond the Bounds, fet to It by the Laws of the Em- 
 
 (a) The Circle of the Zovjef Saxony comprehends the four Principalities belonging to 
 the Houfe of Brunfwick, viz. that of Cahnberg, of W ilffenbuttel, of Zelle, and of Gru- 
 Itnhayen ; the Archbilboprick (now Dutchy) of Bremen, the Dutchy of Mecklenburg, the 
 Bilhoprick of Lubeck, the Dutchy of Holjlein, the Bilhoprick of Hildejheim, the Dutchy 
 of Saxe Lauenburg, the Archbilboprick (now Dutchy) of Magdeburg, the Bilhoprick (now 
 Principality) of Halberftadt, and the Free Imperial Cities Lubeck, Hamburg, Bremen and 
 Gojlar. A « for the Bilhoprick (now Dutchy) of F trden, and the Counties of Hoya and 
 Diephoh; which alfo belong to the Houfe of Brunfivick and particularly to that of BrunJ- 
 viiek-Luneburg, they are fituated in the Circle of Weji^halia. . 
 
 pirc. 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 297 
 
 plre. According to the Golde7i Bull^ an Ele6tor cannot be put to 
 the Ban of the Empire, or degraded, without the unanimous 
 Confent of the Diet aflembled in a Body ; Ferdinand however 
 of his own Authority, declared the Ban againft him and againd; 
 the Princes, that had been of his Party, the Troops of the 
 League at the fame Time, taking upon themfelves to execute it, 
 and adlually feizing on ihcPalatinate. Under thePrefl'ure of thefc 
 . repeated Misfortunes, Frederic did not as yet give over all Hopes 
 of retrieving his Caufe. The Count of Mansfeldy having conti- 
 nued in Bohemia with the Remains of his T roops, found Means 
 notwithftanding that he was almoft furrounded by the Imperialijlsy 
 to retreat into Franconiay where he had an Opportunity to recruit 
 his Forces. The Marggrave of raifed another 
 
 Army for him and appeared greatly in his Intereft j but 
 none more hgnallzed himfelf, or underwent more chearfully the 
 greateft Dangers for Frederic^ than Chrijiian Bifhop of Halber- 
 Jiadty Frederic TJlric'% Brother. 
 
 It appears, how ftrong this Prince’s Attachment was to the King 
 of Bohemia y and how firm his Refolution to ferve him, from what 
 Authors have mentioned concerning the remarkable Manner, in 
 which he engaged himfelf in his Caufe. They fay, that he, 
 having about this Time, paid a Vifit to Frederic and his Confort, 
 who was his Coufin German, gallantly pulled off one of (a) To this 
 her Gloves, and fixing it on his Hat, declared it to be a Pledge 
 
 O O g CjoIq 
 
 of his heartily taking their Caufe in Hand j binding himfelf that of about the 
 very inftant by an Oath, either to perilh or to fee Frederic re- 
 eftabliihed in ms Dominions (< 2 ). In Confequence hereof, he by his Order ; 
 levied a pretty confiderable Army, wherewith he intended to pafs 
 through Hejfe into the PalatinatCy in order to join the Count of Head, with hi» 
 Mamfeldy who had penetrated into that Country. Frederic infenp- 
 
 , ^ A tion round it ; 
 
 riCy whofe Views were to pre ferve Peace in his Dominions, and and on the 
 on this Account bent all his Thoughts towards preventing the 
 
 JT-I r 1 T r 1 • ^ r . running upon 
 
 Troops 01 the League from having- any Pretence tor approaching a Soear, with 
 them, not only endeavoured to diffuade his Brother from this ‘*1*® • 
 
 •' Aut mars aut 
 
 UndQV^vita decora. 
 
298 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 Undertaking, but adtually gave Orders to his Forces to obftrud 
 Cbrijlian\ Expedition. However, this Prince, far from giving 
 over hisDefign at the Sight ofObftacles, perhfted in hisRefolution, 
 and having found Means to advance with his Army into the Ter- 
 ritories of the Abbey of Corvey j from thence entered Hejfe, where 
 he made hirrf IfMafter of the Caftle oi A??2oeneburg^hQ\on^mg to 
 the Arch-Biihop of Mayence. Hereupon continuing his March 
 towards the I alatim te^ he met with a fecond Oppofition from 
 the Landgrave of Hejfe Darmjladt^ who refufed to grant him a 
 Paifage through his Dominions. This obliged Chrijiiaii to return 
 to the Circle of Wejlphalia j where having feized upon Lipjladfy 
 SoeJ}, Paderborriy Hamm^ and feveral other Places ; he, by Way 
 of Reprifal, for the Exactions the Troops of the League exer- 
 cifed on the Palatines^ laid feveral Bilhopricks in that Circle un- 
 der Contribution. It is obferved by Hiftorians, that on his taking 
 the City of Paderborn^ he found in the Cathedral, the Image of 
 St. Libor iusy Patron of that See, made of pure Gold, with the 
 Image of the twelve Apoflles furrounding him, made of Silver j 
 whom, he is faid, to have reprimanded in a jocular Manner, for 
 their Sloth in negledling to difcharge the Offices their Mafter had 
 ordered them to perform in the World ; adding, that he would 
 quickly fend them on their proper Miffion in Confequencc 
 whereof he had them coined into Money, which, on one Side, 
 reprefented his Head, and on the other a German Infcription, 
 importing that he was a Friend to God and an Enemy to the 
 Popijh Clergy, 
 
 In the mean while the Count of Mansfeld had been worfted 
 in the Palatinate by Lilly ^ General of the Troops of the League, 
 who fo clofely purfued him, that Mansfeld^ having no Hopes 
 to fave the reft of his Army, made Ufe of a Stratagem j which 
 was, to fet Fire to a Village, behind which he rallied his Troops 
 under Favour of the Smoke. This being done, he fo brifkly 
 charged the Enemy’s Vanguard, which was in Purfuit of him, 
 that they were forced to return to their main Body. Hereupon 
 
 ManfeU 
 
2Q9 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 Mamfeld followed, and Sword in Hand, attacked Tilly 
 with fo much Succefs, that he totally routed his Army, which 
 fliortly before had thought itfelf fure of winning a compleat 
 Vi(5lory. The Marggrave of Baden- Durlachy on hearing of this, 
 refolved to take Advantage of Tillf% Defeat, and contrary to the 
 Advice of the King of Bohemia^ who infilled on his joining 
 Mansfeldy marched diredlly up to Tilly to force him to a Battle. 
 This General, in the mean while, had been reinforced by feveral 
 Spanijh Regiments, and finding himfelf in a Condition to face hi« 
 Enemy accepted the Engagement ; which proved fo fatal to the 
 Marggrave, that he was utterly routed, and loft all his Cannon 
 and Baggage ; being fcarce able to fave himfelf with a Part of his 
 Horfe, wherewith he went, though too late, td ]om Mamfeld. 
 
 Hereupon, Chrijlian made a new Attempt to join Mamfeld, 
 in order to repair the Marggrave’s Lofs. This Junction appeared 
 the more feafible at this Time, as the Landgrave of JJeffe-Darm- 
 jladty who, as hath been obferved, had denied him a PalTagc 
 through his Dominions, was now made Prifoner by Mamfeld, 
 Manheim. However, notwithftanding the favourable 
 Profped Chrifiian had of fucceeding in his Defign, he had the 
 Misfortune to meet with a new Difappointment. For Tilly having 
 received Intelligence of his March, advanced towards Hoechji 
 on the Main, with an Intent to draw him to an Engagement. 
 Chrijlian, at firft, ufed all imaginable Means for avoiding it; but 
 finding at laft, that he could not come off without Fighting, he 
 made a ftout Refiftance for a confiderable Time, though the E- 
 nemy ’sCannon made great Execution amongft hisPeople. HisArmy, 
 which confifted of 8000 Foot, and 6000 Horfe, being at length 
 obliged to give Way on Account of the great Superiority of Tilly' ^ 
 Forces, he retreated j but in doing this, he met with a moft 
 ihcK king Difafter. The Bridge, over which his Infantry endea- 
 voured to pafs, by fome Accident broke under them, whereby 
 a great Part was drowned ; while the Reft, with his Cavalry, 
 faving themfelvesby the Means of a Ford, which they luckily 
 
 Q^q 2 dif- 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 difcovered, joined the King of Bohemia^ who then refided at 
 Darmftadt, 
 
 It is very probable, Frederic^ who, at that Time, had a confi- 
 derable Army at his Difpofal, was in a Condition to ad; power- 
 fully again ft his Enemies: But, inftead of improving this Ad- 
 vantage, he refolved to lay down his Arms j imagining this would 
 facilitate the Concluhon of an Agreement, wherewith he was 
 amufed by the Court of Vienna^ and for bringing about which, 
 Negociations were fet on Foot at Brujfeh. This Step, though 
 it affords an undoubted Inftance of Frederic's pacific Difpofition, 
 was, it muft be owned, a very impolitick one. For, how 
 ftrongly foever he was inclined to accommodate Matters, he 
 ought not on any Account to have laid afide the Sword ; as Pro- 
 pofals, however reafonable, when made by a difarmed Prince, 
 can carry but little Weight with them, and feldom or never pro- 
 cure^ to him a glorious, fafe, or advantageous Peace. What con- 
 tributed not a little to confirm him in his pacifick Sentiments, 
 were the earneft Exhortations of his Father in Law, and of the 
 King of Denmark^ who jointly preffed him to take this Courfe j 
 wherefore, after having thai^fully acknowledged the Affedion, 
 which ChriJUan and the Count of Mamfeld had ftiewed him, 
 and the Zeal wherewith they had endeavoured to promote his 
 Intereft, he difbanded his Army, and retired to Holland. 
 
 Chrijiian's warlikeTemper not fuffering himlongto remain inac- 
 adive, he offered his Services to the States General, who about this 
 Time, recommenced theirWar for Liberty againftiS^^z/«. TheOver- 
 throw the Proteftants had met with near Prague, and the Succefs 
 that had attended Ferdinmd's Arms ever fince, made the States 
 of thefe Provinces apprehend, that the Emperor, might at length 
 have the Power as well as Inclination to affift Spain againft 
 them j on which Account, they were more than ever refolved 
 to pufti on theirWar with Vigour at this Jundure. Chrijiian's 
 Offers were exceedingly well relifhed, and he having thereupon 
 received an Invitation to come to them as foon as poffible, fet 
 
 out 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 301 
 
 out in Company with the Count of Mamfeld, at the Head of 
 about 22,000 Men, to join Maurice Prince of Orange', in order 
 to relieve Bergen-op-Zoom, dien befieged by the Spanijh General 
 Spinola. Having palTed the Saar,\hty marched for Metz, where 
 they croiled th^Mofelle, and thence continued theirMarch through 
 the Dutchy of Luxemburg. They had fcarce quitted this Coun- 
 try, when near Fleury or Floriac, at a little Diftance from Na- 
 mur, they met with a Spanipo Army under the Command of 
 Gonzales de Cordova, who had been fent with a View to prevent 
 their Jundtion with the Dutch. As both Armies were pretty equal 
 in Number, Chriftian had Room to hope, that he fhould be more 
 fuccefsfiil, than he had been in the foregoing Engagement. He 
 was not however fortunate at his firft fetting out, as fome of his 
 Regiments mutinied and refufed to fight, which occafioned the 
 Lofs of about 3000 Men. This Difadvantage, whicli would have 
 probably difmayed a lefs able Commander, did not get the better 
 of his Prefence of Mind j he renewed the Charge fo often, and. 
 difpofed his Army fo advantageoufly, that the Bulk of it was in- 
 abled to fight its Way through the Enemy, and to come Time 
 enough to raife the Siege of Bergen-op-Zoom. 
 
 Chrijlian furpafied himfelf in thisAdlion : Nothing can be added' 
 to the Prudence and Bravery he (hewed during the whole En- 
 gagement. As the perfidious Condudl of fome of his Soldiers, 
 had put him to the Neceflity of expofing himfelf more than is 
 commonly expedled of a General, his Perfon was thereby much . 
 indangered. A Mulket Ball, having pierced his left Arm, he 
 could not allow himfelf Time to have it taken Care of fo that 
 continuing at the Head of the Army, without having the Wound 
 dreffed, it turned to a Mortification, which obliged him to have 
 the Arm cut off. He had the Operation performed in a trium- 
 phant Manner, the Trumpets founding and the Kettle-Drums 
 beating, and afterwards provided himfelf with an artificial Arm, 
 made of Silver, to manage his Horfe, which he could do with 
 much Dexterity. 
 
 Shortly 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick.. 
 
 Shortly after Ferdinand endeavoured to be reconciled with him : 
 But as the Motive, which had induced ChrijHan to take up Arms, 
 ftill fubfifted, he refufed the offered Reconciliation j unlefs the 
 King of Bohemia was comprehended in it, and reftored to his 
 Electorate. This was a SubjeCt, the Imperial Court would not 
 enter upon, its Intention being not to fatisfy this Prince in any 
 Shape whatfoever j for foon after his Dignity was transferred to 
 the Houfe of Bavaria^ and the Electoral Dominions cantled out 
 amongft as many, as had Power or intereft to come in for a 
 Share of them. In the mean while ChrijHan levied a new 
 Army, and having garrifoned the Cities of Hbxter^ Hameln and 
 Rinteln^ marched with his Cavahy into the Bifhopricks of Hil- 
 dejhcim and Halberjladt. Frederic Ulric, his Brother, to whom 
 lie paid a Vifit at Wolffenbuttel^ earneftly intreated him, at this 
 Time, not to aCt with his Army in the Empire, offering him 
 the Command of the Troops of the Circle of the Lower Saxony, 
 on Condition he would only keep upon the Defenfive. To this 
 ChrijHan agreed, and likewife confented to difband his own Ar- 
 my, provided he and the Circle of the Lower Saxony could be 
 affured againft Devaftations from other Armies. This Expedient 
 found out by Frederic Ulric, with the Declaration made by his 
 Brother, though agreeable to the Emperor, did not ftifle the 
 Apprehenfions he had, that ChrijHan might endeavour to oppofe 
 his Meafures. For, we find, that foon after ’Tilly, by his Order, 
 entered the Brunfwick Dominions, and feized on the Caftle of 
 Friedland, pretending that he would quit it again, as foon as 
 ChrijHan fliould have withdrawn his Troops from the Circle of 
 the Lower Saxony. This Prince took an Opportunity from hence, 
 to reprefent in the ftrongeft Manner, to the Members of the faid 
 Circle, the Error they were in, for fuffering themfelves to be 
 amufed by the fair Promifes of the Imperial Court : however, 
 that there might be no Room to complain againft him, he af- 
 fembled his Troops, and not only quitted the Lower Saxony, 
 but alfo refolved to be no longer a Member of it, in Confequence 
 
 whereof 
 
3^3 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 whereof he gave up the Bifhoprick of Halberjiadt y which had 
 hitherto belonged to him. 
 
 His Army, at this Time, confifted of 16,000 Foot and 5000 
 Horfe, wherewith he intended to march to the Prince of Orange. 
 
 VCillyy with a fuperior Army, waited his Motions j not knowing, 
 whether he was refolved to diredl hisCourfe to xhtPalatinate or to 
 XhtNetherland^ j butbeing at length apprized- of his Defign,he made, 
 forced Marches to come up with him, which he did n^^xStadloo in 
 the Bilhoprick of Munjler. ChriJHany to fecure his March, had 
 detached feveral Bodies to guard the PalTes behind him, whereof 
 fome were of fuch Importance, that a few Men might oppofe an 
 Army. But his Orders not being duly executed, through the 
 Negligence of his Officers, P’iUy had an Opportunity to get through 
 them without much Oppofition 3 and thus forcing Chrijiian to an 
 Engagement before he was aware- of it, had' the good Fortune to 
 rout him and to take a great Number of his Officers Prifoners. 
 
 This obliged Chrijiian to retire into Eaji Friezlandy with the 
 Remains of his Troops ; where having paid them off, he' 
 difbanded them, and fhortly after went over to England 
 whence we fhall foon fee him return to refume his Expedition 
 againft the Imperialifls. yames I. at his Arrival, received him 
 with Marks of great Diftindion, and among other Proofs of his 
 Efteem, honoured him with the moft noble Order of the Garter. 1 624^ 
 Hitherto thePrincesof theCircle of iht Lower Saxonyhs^di taken no 
 GtherConcern in theTroublesof the Empire, than that of providing 
 for the Security of their own Dominions ; obferving a Kind of Neu- 
 trality between the Imperialifts and the King of Bohemia's Party, 
 and contenting themfelves with interceding from Time to Time 
 in Frederic's Behalf. But finding at Length, that Ferdinand s^-ees 
 not in the leaft inclined to give Ear to the Reprefentations made 
 him by the Empire as well as by foreign Powers in this Prince’s ; 
 Favour j and moreover that by keeping his Troops fiill in the 
 Empire he could have no other Aim but making himfelf abfolute;: 
 
 EvangelicalUnion being long ago diffiolved zwi. Frederic having 
 no more a Party ading for him 5 Thefe Confiderations joined! 
 
 together,, 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 
 
 together, made the Princes of the Circle of the Lower Saxony^ 
 fenfiblethatit was now highTime to enter into anAlliance. Frederic 
 Ulric had hitherto been more averfe to aStep of thisKind than any 
 of them : But the prefent Juncture appearing to him fo urgent, 
 he oppofed it no longer. Chrijiian IV. then King of Denmark 
 having invited him, and the other Princes of that Circle, to an 
 Interview at Lauenburg^ a flridl Alliance was there concluded 
 between the major Part of them j who joined unanimoufly in 
 placing the faid King at the Head of their Alliance. 
 
 As their Aim was to vindicate the Liberties of Germany^ it was 
 thought expedient to exert themfelves powerfully on that Behalf. 
 With this View the King immediately took Poffeffion of Ah'«- 
 den^si^ Hameln ; where, on vifiting the Fortifications, he had the 
 Misfortune to fall with his Horfe from the Ramparts into theDitch, 
 which was like to have cofi: him his Life : However, after having 
 continued fpeechlefs and as it were dead, till the next Morn- 
 ing, he at length recovered j and being in Expectation of a large 
 Reinforcement of Englijh, French and other Troops, where- 
 with Duke Chrijiian of Brunfwick and the Count of Mansfeld 
 were advancing from Holland j he, to facilitate their Junction, 
 withdrew to the Bifhoprick of Verden. Filly., who had already 
 made himfelf Mafter of feveral Pafles on the Wefer, taking Ad- 
 vantage of his Retreat, feized on Minden, and entered the Coun- 
 ty of Hoya, Stoltzenau furrendered without any Refiftance, which 
 imboldened him to lay Siege to the Fortrefs of Nienburg, imagin- 
 ing that he fhould fhortly get Pofleffion of it^: But herein he was 
 difappointed by the King of Denmark, who haftened to its Suc- 
 cour J fo that he found himfelf under a Necelfity to raife the Siege, 
 after having in vain lacrificed a great Number of his People. 
 
 The Circle of the Lower Saxony, became now the Theatre of 
 a mofi: bloody War. There were no lefs than four Armies in it ; 
 two Imperial ones under Filly and Wallenjiein \ another under 
 the King of Denmark and Duke Chrijiian -, and a fourth 
 commanded by the Count of Mansfeld. They confifted together 
 
3^5 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 of above 100,000 Men, to whom the Brunfwick Dominions, as 
 well as the reft of the Lower Saxony y became a Prey ; Horror 
 and Defolation fpread themfelves every where, and the w'hole 
 Country was not only ranfacked and pillaged, but almoft intirely 
 ruined. 
 
 L’illyy after having made himfelf Mafter of the City of Olden-^ 
 dorf fet Fire to it j thence marching before the Caftle of Calen- 
 bergy the Garrifon capitulated. From this Place he fteered his 
 Courfe to HanoveXy near which City a DantJJj Party, of about 
 500 Men, having unluckily come up with him, they were for 
 the moft Part cut in Pieces ; whereupon he expedted to put a 
 Garrifon into Ha'/ioveXy but this was prevented by this City’s 
 immediately accepting of a Body of Danijh Troops, that hap- 
 pened to be near at Hand. 
 
 About this Time the King of Denmarky in Hopes of being 
 thereby the more fuccefsful againft the Imperialifts, thought 
 proper to divide his Army into three Bodies: The firft of which, 
 under the Command of Duke ChriJUany was to adl upon the 
 Wefer in the Biftiopricks of HildeJJjeim and Ofnabruck j the fe- 
 cond, headed by the Count of Mansfeldy was to oppofe Wallen- 
 Jiein and to make his Way into Silejia j and the third, under the 
 King’s own Condudt, was to march between the two others 
 againft T’illy. Great Hopes were entertained from this Difpofi- 
 tion, but in the Event it proved to be not at all advantageous to 
 the Common Caufe, which in all Probability, would have reaped 
 much Benefit from the Bravery of thefe Commanders, had the 
 Army kept together j for hereby it would have been inabled to 
 overcome all Difficulties, and even to penetrate into the very 
 Heart of the Empire. 
 
 Howbeit, Mansfeld executed his Part fo well, that he foon 
 made himfelf Mafter of the whole Province of Magdeburg y from 
 thence continuing his March for Silejia : But a Body of Impe- 
 rialifts having thrown itfelf into DeJfaUy in the Principality of 
 Anhalt there difputing his Paftage over the Elbey this afforded 
 
 R r Wallen- 
 
 i6i6. 
 
3o6 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 Wallenjiein Time to come up with him. Hereupon a Battle 
 enfued, wherein Mansfeld was defeated ; fo, that he was fcarce 
 able to fave a Part of his Cavalry, wherewith he retreated to the 
 Marggraviate of Brandenburgs and thence purfued his Rout into 
 Silejia. Here he recruited his Army in a lliort Time, and with 
 great Expedition advanced towards Hungary ^ in « order to join 
 Bethlen Gabor ^ who had taken up Arms againft the Houfe of 
 Aujiria : But this Prince having aJmoft at the fame Time made 
 his Peace with Ferdinandy Mansfeld'% Meafures were thereby 
 kitirely broke j and his Army, fhortly after, by Difeafes, Want 
 of Provifions and other Accidents, was ruined in the Mountains 
 of Hungary. The fame Fate attended that under JVallenJieiny 
 who, by clofely purfuing Mansfeldy had too far penetrated into 
 the Mountains of that Country. 
 
 As for Chrijiiany Frederic Ulric, his Brother, being moved with 
 Compaffion at the Hardfhips his Subje6t?,fuffered , both from Friends 
 and Enemies, was not at all pleafed with the War’s keeping in his 
 Dominions. To put a Stop to thefeCalamities, he ftrenuoufly em- 
 ployed himfelf for bringing about a Peace, and the City of 
 Brunfwick was appointed for the Place of Negociation. How- 
 ever, nothing was concluded there, and the War, far from being 
 removed, came to be perpetuated in his Country. The King of 
 Denmarky fufpedting, that Frederic JJlricy for the Sake of Peace, 
 might be induced to take Meafures contrary to the Operations 
 agreed to, prevailed upon him to put the Fortrefs of Wolff enbuttel 
 for a while into the Hands of his Brother Chrijiian j who there- 
 upon taking Pofleffion of it, garrifoned it, with fome Regiments 
 of his Troops. This being done, he formed a Scheme to fur- 
 prize the City of Gojlar, but his Dehgn taking Vent, he milled 
 his Aim. Neverthelefs, he was fo fortunate, as to make him- 
 felf Mailer of Northeimy Gottingen y and MundeUy out of which 
 Cities he drove the Imperialills, and thence continuing his March 
 into the DiHri<fl called Eicbsfeldy he reduced it alfo under his Sub- 
 jedion. 
 
 This 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 This brave and adlive Prince, was now on the Point of doing in^’ 
 finiie Service to the Proteftant Caufe, when, on a fudden, he was 
 fnatched away, to the inexpreffible Griel: of all the Wellwilhers 
 to it. To do Juftice to his Charadter, it muft be faid, that his 
 natural Valour had fomething very peculiar : For, though re- 
 
 markably impetuous, it was kept within proper Bounds by a fu- 
 perior Prudence, that always pointed out the Lengths it was to run. 
 Amidft the Heat and Confafion, ufually attending Engagements, 
 he ever preferved that Calmnefs, requifite in a General, to take 
 Advantage of an Enemy, without giving him any; and never 
 wanted Refources to extricate himfelf out of the greateft Diffi- 
 culties, Adorned with thefe diftinguifhing Talents, which the 
 particular Circumftances he was in, gave him frequent Oppor- 
 tunities to difplay, it is not to be wondered, that he was dreaded 
 by the Imperialifts, and that his Name was become a Terror to 
 them. Notwithftanding his perfonal Courage, and the Skill he 
 had acquired in military Affairs by Experience, he was not al- 
 ways fuccefsful, it muft be confefled; but then, thefe unexpedted 
 Turns of Fortune, far from difheartening him, gave him frefh 
 Adlivity, and were generally the Fore-Runners of fome fignal 
 Exploit. What might not have been expedled from a Prince, 
 indowed with thefe uncommon Qualifications, had Providence 
 allowed him a longer Career ? He was cut off in the very Bloom 
 of Youth, having beenfeized, during his laft Expedition, with 
 a Feaver j which obliged him unexpedted ly to return to Wolf- 
 fenbuttely where his Diforder increafing, it put an End to his 
 Life, when he fcarce had finifhed the 27th Y ear of his Age. 
 Hereby, Ferdhimid was delivered of a powerful Enemy, and the 
 Proteftant Intereft confiderably weakened by the Lofs of a very 
 great Captain. 
 
 His Demife was followed by two remarkable Circumftances. 
 The firft was, that his Brother, having difpoffeffed himfelf of 
 the Fortrefs of Wolffenbuttel^ more out of Regard to him, than 
 upon any other Account, now demanded the Reftitution of it j 
 
 R r 2 which 
 
 307 
 
 1626. 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 which the DaneSy to his great Mortification, refufed to compljr 
 with, and adlually remained in PolTeffion thereof; keeping more-^ 
 over, the Cities of Hanovery Neiijladty StoltzenaUy Steinbrucky 
 Schoenmgeny Ericbjlurg, MundeUy Northeimy PattenfeUy &c. 
 The other was, that the greatefi: Part of the Conquefts this Prince 
 had made, towards the latter Part of his Life, came to be loft 
 foon after his Death, as if thefe Places had ceafed to be tenable 
 when he was no more, or Fortune had intended to favour the 
 Protejiant Party, purely out of Regard to this young Heroe, 
 For, P'illy attacked Miinden and took it by Storm, putting moft 
 inhumanly all the Garrifon to the Sword. This done, he fet 
 down before Gottingen y which he alfo obliged to furrender; and 
 thence bent his March to Northeimy with the fame Intention. 
 However, the King of Denmarky having had Notice of T'illy's 
 Succefs, fet out for the Relief of this City ; which he did with 
 fo much Expedition, that he arrived there, when Tilly thought 
 him at above Thirty Leagues Diftance. This obliged that Ge- 
 neral to retreat in the Night; which the better to cover, he amufed 
 the DaneSy by leaving Drums beating, and Trumpets founding 
 in his Camp. Thus he fafely arrived at Gottingeny where, at 
 Break of Day, thofe he had left in the Camp followed him, ' 
 The Houfe of Luneburg had at that Time a very warlike Prince, 
 named GeorgCy who fided with the Imperialifts, from Motives 
 eafily to be guefled at, viz. the Sway the Emperor bore in Ger^ 
 manyy and the Imprefiions, which the King of Bohemia' % recent 
 Misfortunes had made upon him as well as other Princes of the 
 Empire. Tilly having been reinforced by hirn/ and becoming 
 thereby fuperior in Number to the King of Denmarky marched 
 to attack the DaneSy who were obliged to retire to Wolffenbuttel 
 through uneven Roads and difficult Paffes. He followed them 
 however, and that fo clofely, that frequent Skirmifhes happened 
 between them for three Days together. At length, the King 
 made a Stand near Luttevy in the Brunfwick Dominions, 
 
 about 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^ Brunswick. 
 
 about two Leagues from Gojlar^ as a convenient Spot of Ground, 
 for a Battle. 
 
 Fortune in the Beginning declared itfelf for the King, but 
 changed Sides during the A(ftion. The Force and Fiercenefs of 
 the Danes y at the fird Charge, was inexpreflible ; The Imperial 
 Guards, which confided of four Regiments, being unable to. 
 withdand fo furious an Onfet, were routed ; this, and the Suc- 
 cefs their Enemies had in polTefsing themfelves of the Canon, 
 made almod all the Red of the Imperialids give Way. Tilly 
 began now to think all was lod, and that nothing remained for 
 him to do, but to make a tolerable Retreat} when, on a hidden, 
 the Veterans recovering from their Diforder, faced about. Their 
 Officers perceiving this, rallied them and renewed the Fight : 
 The other Troops that had given Way, were dopped in thein 
 Flight by unpaflable Bogs, and being forced to take Courage 
 from Neceffity, had the good Fortune to rcpulfe the Danes ^ 
 who purfued them without Order, and to take from them all 
 their Advantage. Hereupon, the Difpute became very obdinate . 
 for feveral Hours, the Soldiers fighting Man to Man, with 
 fuch a Noife of Arms and Cries, as could be heard at a prodL 
 glous Didance. At lad, the Horfe of the Right Wing of the 
 Danes unhappily fell foul upon their own Foot, which occa-^ 
 fioned fo much Diforder, that the Imperialids got the Viidory, 
 and made a great Slaughter among the Conquered. The King 
 changed Horfes thrice, and led his Army to the Charge with re- 
 markable Bravery j whild Tilly on his Part, acquitted himfelf 
 of all the Duties of an able General } and that with fo much the 
 more Applaud, as. he won the Day, after he had been little led 
 than overcome. 
 
 The Confequences of this Vidory were, that Frederic Ulric^ 
 in Hopes to fave his Dominions from being intirely fwallowed 
 up by both Armies, declared for the Imperialids. However the 
 Danes dill kept Poffeffion of JVolffenbuttel, which they were fo 
 little inclined to give up, that they frequently fent Detachments 
 
 out 
 
 309 
 
310 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick.. 
 out of that Fortrefs, to pillage the Country all around, and to 
 deflroy what they were not able to carry off. I’illy endeavoured, 
 at different Times, to intercept them, but as they were con- 
 ffantly upon their Guard, they not only broke his Meafures, but 
 likewife very much annoyed fuch of his Troops as were fent 
 againft them ; fo that he was obliged to give over his Delign. 
 
 At Length Pappenheim^ another of the Emperor’s Generals, 
 after having taken Nienburg from the Danes^ laid Sieg'e in Form 
 to Wolffenbuttel. The Befieged, who were well provided with 
 all Neceffaries, made fuccefsful Sallies, which obliged the Im- 
 perialifts to purchafe every Inch of Ground at the Expence of 
 much Blood. This put them upon making Ufe of delperate 
 Means, by eredting large Banks to flop the Current of the River 
 Ocker j whereby the Waters were fwelled to fuch a Degree, that 
 overflowing the City, they ruined not only the Foundations of 
 the Houfes, but alio thofe of the Fortifications : So that the 
 Garrifon was no longer able to hold out, but obliged to ftrike up 
 a Capitulation for furrendering the Fortrefs. By the Succefs of 
 this Expedient Frederic XJlric came repoffeffed of Wolffenbut^ 
 tel^ which the Danes had fo long witheld from him. How- 
 ever his Satisfadlion on this Account was much allayed by the 
 unwelcome Propofal, which the Conquerors made him immedi- 
 ately upon this j which was, that he fliould receive a Garrifon 
 into it, confifting of Troops belonging to the Emperor and to 
 the League. Although the Pretence for this was the Security of 
 the Brimfwick and Luneburg Dominions ; it was infifted upon 
 for no other End, than to favour the Emperor’s ambitious Schemes, 
 which foon after difcovered themfelves. However, Frederic 
 Ulric was obliged to make a Virtue of Neceffity, and to admit 
 the Garrifon 3 how prejudicial foever it appeared to be to his 
 Authority. 
 
 As for the King of Denmark^ though he recovered from his 
 Defeat ; yet finding, that he had not Forces fufficient to with- 
 ftand Filly ^ he avoided facing him; and it was not long ’ere he 
 
 retired 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe <?/* B r u n s w i c k. 3 i r 
 
 jetired to Holftein and from thence to 'Jutland j whither JVallen- 
 who was now returned to Germany^ purfued him fo brifkly, 
 that his March was looked upon as a continued Series of Advan- 
 tages. Thefe repeated Lof&s obliged the King to accept of a 
 Peace, which was negotiated and concluded 2X Lubeck-y whereby 1629. 
 he recovered all that had, been taken from him by the Imperialifts: 
 with this Provifo, that he fhould not meddle any further with the 
 Affairs of the Protejiants in Germany.. Ferdinand having thus 
 broke the Alliance of the Princes of the Circle of the Lower- 
 Saxony y began now to fhew his Refentment againft fome of 
 thofe that had been engaged in it. He put the Dukes of Meck- 
 lenburg to the Ban of the Empire, difpofing of their Dutchy in 
 Favour of his General Wallenjieiny who in Confequence of this 
 arbitrary Proceeding took Pofleffion thereof. He alfb from the 
 lame Motive declared the Ban againft the Adminiftrator of Mag- 
 deburgy Cbrijiian William of the Houfe of Brandenburgy and 
 without the leaft Regard for the Conftitutions of the Empire, al- 
 lowed his Armies, under Filly and Wallenjieiny to put all Germany 
 under Contribution. Meafures were taken at Vienna to eftablifh 
 a General Military Cheft, out of which four ftanding Armies 
 Ihould be kept on Foot j one towards the Confines of Hungary y 
 another towards Italy y a third upon the Rhiney and a Fourth near 
 the Balticky over which the Emperor now claimed a Jurisdidionj 
 in fo much, that Wallenjiein already began to ftile himfelf Admiral 
 of that Sea. 
 
 It was plainly to be perceived, that Ferdinand aimed at nothing 
 lefs than making himfelf defpotic 5 which the Princes of the Em- 
 pire, were not in a Condition to prevent,on Account of their Domi^ 
 nions being over-run with his Troops. Nay,he was fo far blinded by 
 Ambition and Intereft, as to keep no Meafures with the Eledor 
 of Saxonyy one of his beft Friends. Among the many ungrate- 
 ful Returns he made him for paft Favours, he endeavoured by' 
 
 Force to obtrude Leopold Williamy one of his Sons, to the See 
 of Magdeburg ‘y although the Chapter had already in a legal Man- 
 ner 
 
312 
 
 ) i 630. 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 ncr given their Suffrages to AuguJluSy the Eledlor’s youngeftSonj 
 from whence arofe Difputes, which afterwards ended in the utter 
 Ruin of the fine City of Magdeburg, At Length, for a finifhing 
 Stroke, he publifhed his famous EdiB of Refitution^ whereby the 
 Proteftant Princes were ftridly enjoined, to reftore to the Romijh 
 Church the States and Territories, which the Reformation had 
 put them in Poffeflion of. 
 
 In Confequence of this Edi£t, which was publifhed under 
 the Protection of Wallenjiein' s powerful and numerous Army, 
 Frederic Ulric, among many other Princes, was called upon to 
 deliver up his Poffefiions in the Bifhoprick of Hildejheim^ although 
 his Anceftors were known to have enjoyed them, ever fince the 
 Battle of Soltau^ which happened above 30 Years before the 
 TranfaCtion of Fajfau. Nor was this the only Circumftance 
 which juftified his Title to the faid Poffeffions: For from that 
 Time, they had been confirmed to his Family, by all the fucceeding 
 Emperors, no one of them having ever refufed to inveft the 
 Houfe of Brunfwick therewith. How cogent foever thefe Reafons 
 were, Ferdinand was determined to carry his Point. The hum- 
 bling and weakening of the Proteftant Party appeared to him 
 a confiderable Step towards it, upon which Account, no Regard 
 was paid to Frederic Ulricas and other Proteftant Princes Repre- 
 fentations againft the Injuftice of this Editft, and the Emperor’s 
 arbitrary Meafures, 
 
 In this perplexed Situation of the Liberties and Religion of 
 •the Proteftants, Gufavus Adolphus King of Sueden^ entered Ger- 
 many with Sixteen Troops of Horfe and ninety two Companies 
 of Foot. He was prompted to this Refolution by Ferdinand's 
 refufing to give him Satisfaction on fundry Subjects of Complaint 
 he had againft him j and as his Inclination ftrongly led him to 
 fuccour the oppreffed States of the Empire, this was a frefti Mo- 
 tive that encouraged him to purfue it: To which maybe added, 
 that earned: Sollicitatlons were made to him by the Court of 
 France^ for putting his Defign in Execution. This Court being 
 
 jealous 
 
3^3 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 jealous of the great Power of the Emperor and Spain^ then clofely 
 united together, found a confiderable Advantage in the King of 
 Sueden's declaring War againft Ferdinand: Thus, as it had a 
 like Intereft with him in the Humiliation of this Prince, an Al- 
 liance was entered into, Ihortly after, between both Crowns againft 
 the Houfe of Aujlria. 
 
 Our Purpofe being only to relate fuch Tranfadions as immedi- 
 ately concern the Princes of the Houfe of Brunfwick^ and with- 
 out which their Hiftory cannot well be underftood ; it muft not 
 be expected, that we fhould give a Detail of the King of Sue- 
 den'% Landing, and of the Steps he took on entering the Empire. 
 It is however neceflary, to obferve, that as this Prince had before 
 his Eyes the Examples of the Kings of Bohetnia and Denmark^ 
 who had both mifcarried, one after the other, in their Under- 
 takings againft Ferdinand‘s he fo well concerted his Meafures, 
 that he foon fecured to himfelf the Marcks of Brandenburg and 
 the Dutchies of Pomerania and Mecklenburgs in Order to make 
 Ufe thereof for a Retreat in Cafe of Mifcarrying. As in doing 
 this he had no View of making Conquefts upon the Owners 
 thereof, he immediately reinftated the Dukes of Mecklenburg in 
 their Dutchy; whereof, as has been faid above, the Emperor 
 had deprived them. By this great and noble Adion, his Credit 
 came to fpread itfelf far and wide, all the Empire being thereby 
 convinced, that he had entered it with no other Aim, than that 
 of relieving the Opprefled. 
 
 In the mean-while the Emperor’s EdiSi of Refitution having 
 given the Alarm to all the Proteftant Princes, the Eledor of Sax^ 
 ony thence took an Opportunity to appoint a Conference between 
 them at Leipzig. Ferdinand employed all his Dexterity to hinder 
 their Meeting, but the Obftacles laid in their Way proved inef- 
 fedual: They adually met, and having deliberated on proper 
 Means for their Security, a League was concluded between them 
 for their mutual Defence j which Frederic Ulric's Minifter, who 
 affided at the Affembly in his Name, figned with the Reft con- 
 
 S f cerned 
 
 i 63 t. 
 
3^4 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe o/*Brun swick» 
 
 cerned therein. If we refledl on this refolute Step taken by the 
 Protejlants^ it will afford Matter of no fmall Surprize: For the 
 Leagues hitherto concluded between them, far from promoting 
 their Intereft, had been fo detrimental, as to furnifh Ferdinand 
 with frefh Pretences, for endeavouring to ruin them. Nor are 
 we to believe, that the King of Suedens taking up Arms againft 
 the Emperor, was a Motive that induced them to enter into this 
 new League. The Succefs Ferdinand had met with hitherto 
 againft all thofe, that had oppofed him, could give them but 
 little Profpedl that Gujiavus Adolphus would get the better of him. 
 Moreover a ftrong Imperial Army under Pilly was in the Neigh- 
 bourhood of Leipzig, which was fufficient, one might have 
 thought, to prevent their taking any fuch Engagements. Upon 
 the whole, very few of them were as yet inclined to efpoufe the 
 Suedijh Party, and that from Motives, which will be related 
 hereafter. 
 
 However the Roman Catholicks, not knov/ing what Turn Af- 
 fairs might take, were not indifferent about this new League. 
 They had a Meeting at Frankfort on the Main, whither they alfo 
 invited the Protejiants-, pretending that they were defirous to find 
 out Means for compofing the Differences, that had arofe between 
 the two Perfuafions, on Account of the States and Territories, 
 the P rot eft ants had been enjoined to reftore to the Roman Catho- 
 licks by the Edidi of Rejlitution. Frederic Ulric and the other 
 Protefant Princes, being willing to negledl no Opportunity for 
 fhewing their pacifick Difpofitions, readily accepted of this Invita- 
 tion, and deputed their Minifters thither. But itfoon appeared, that 
 the whole Intent of the Roman Catholicks, was to lull them a- 
 fleep, and to gain Time, that fo they might be the better able 
 to prevail upon them to turn their Arms againft the Suedes, Thefe 
 Artifices being feen through by the Proteftants, they did not 
 think proper to aflift any longer at the Affembly, and upon their 
 Retiring, this Shceme of the Roman Catholicks proved abortive. 
 
 In 
 
3^5 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 In the mean while, T/Vi^ having madehimfelf Mafter of the City 
 of Magdeburg^ in Order to terrify the ProteJiantSy gave it up to 
 Pillage, which lafted three Days. During that Time the Inha- 
 bitants were treated with unparallelled Barbarity, almoft all of 
 them being put to the Sword; at length, this beautiful and flou- 
 rifliing City, having been fet on Fire, it was reduced to a 
 Heap of Afhes and Ruins, like that of 'Troy. He afterwards fell 
 on the Electorate of Saxony ^ and obliged the City of Leipzig to 
 furrender ; which provoked the EleClor to that Degree, that he 
 renounced the Friendfliip, he had all along {hewed to Ferdinand^ 
 and called the Suedes to his Affiftance. As Gujlavus Adolphus had 
 before now unfuccefsfully endeavoured to bring him into his 
 Meafures, he miflrufted him, and conftrued this his Applica- 
 tion as proceeding from a fudden Emotion, which Ferdinand 
 would foon find Means to appeafe: Wherefore he required of 
 him, to fend to his Camp the Electoral Prince, and to deliver up 
 theFortrefs of Wittenberg as Pledges of his Sincerity; to which 
 the Eledor immediately agreed. Hereupon the King, as gene- 
 rous as he was politick, inflantly gave up both Articles, and fet 
 out forthwith for the Saxon Dominions ; where having joined 
 the Elector’s Forces, he offered Battle to Tilly ^ near Leipzig, 
 The Imperialifls at firlt, put the Saxons to Flight, which pro- 
 ceeded from their being for the greateft Part, newly raifed and 
 undifciplined. But. they had not the fame Succefs with the 
 Suedes^ who made ample Amends for the weak Refiitance of 
 their Companions; charging with great Bravery and in the befl 
 Order the Enemy, that was bufy about the Spoil ; which gave 
 Gujlavus Adolphus an Opportunity to defeat about Ten Thoufand 
 of them, and to obtain a compleat Victory. After this Succefs 
 the Saxons and Suedes divided their Forces ; the firfl with a View 
 to penetrate into Bohemia^ whilfl the lall marched towards the 
 Empire. As for Tilly^ he not being able to face the Allies after 
 this Defeat, retired fucceflively to Halberjladt, Wolffenbutfel^ and 
 
 S f 2 Jiameln 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 Hdmeln j in which two laft Places the Imperlalifts, to the great 
 Ruin of Frederic Ulric's DominionSj had all this Time kept 
 Garrifons. 
 
 It will perhaps be alked, why the King of Sueden and the 
 Elector of Saxony^ after the Vidlory obtained near Leipzig^ did 
 not with their united Forces diredtly bend their March towards 
 Aiijlria ? which, on Account of the Confternation it muft have 
 caufed at Vienna^ would probably have inabled them to oblige 
 Ferdinand to come to a folid Peace, To this it may be anfwered, 
 that Gujiavus Adolphus^ before he could poiTibly enter upon an 
 Expedition of fuch a Nature, had a great many Princes to win 
 over to his Intereft j who ftill were irrrefolute, which Party to 
 embrace : Nay, fome of them were fo far from fiding with him, 
 that, on the contrary, they were of Opinion, that it was not 
 proper to help the Suedes to become too powerful, left by diaking 
 off one Yoke, they might be reduced to the Neceflity of fub- 
 mitting to another. However, the King of Sueden negledted not 
 to make the beft Ufe he could of his Viftory, by taking a great 
 many Places from the Imperialifts, which inabled him to pene- 
 trate as far as the Danube j whilft Bannier with another Body of 
 Suedijh Troops fubdued the Country around Magdeburg^ and 
 drove the Imperialifts out of Halberjiadt ; the Canons of which 
 See and a great many of the Inhabitants flecked with their Effects 
 to Brunfwick. 
 
 As Frederic Ulric had hitherto vainly endeavoured to induce 
 the Imperialifts to evacuate his Dominions j Bannier\ Succefs, 
 with the good Fortune he had ftiortly after, of making himfelf 
 Mafter of Gojlar and FLornburg, prompted Frederic UlriCy and 
 his Coufln George Duke of Luneburgy to embrace the Suedijh 
 Intereft; in Hopes, by their Affiftance to procure to themfelves 
 the Juftice, which had been denied them, in open Defiance of 
 the Conftitutions of the Empire. Having concerted with Bannier, 
 the neceffary Operations for this Purpofe, the Duke of Saxe 
 
 Weimar 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 Weimar with a Body of Suedijh Troops took the City of Got^ 
 tingen by Storm, where the greatefl Part of the Garrifon on 
 Account of their Refinance fell by the Sword, while the reft 
 were made Prifoners of War. 
 
 During this Time George made Preparations for reconquering 
 the Caftle of Calenberg j and having for this Purpofe in Conjunc- 
 tion with General BaudiJJin, laid Siege to it. Count Gromfeld was 
 detached by Pappenheim to its Relief. But George had no fooner 
 penetrated the Defign, but he dire(ftly marched up to him, routed 
 his Troops and obliged him to take to Flight. Hereupon Pap-- 
 penheim, who had much at Heart the keeping of this Caftle in 
 the Pofleffion of the Imperialifts, advanced with his whole Ar- 
 my j which being confiderably fuperior to that of the Befiegers, 
 George thought proper to poftpone the Execution of hisDefign 5 
 and diredting his March to the Principality of Grubenhagen^ thence 
 pafled to the where he fubdued the Fortrefs of Du- 
 
 derjiadt. 
 
 What this Prince and Frederic TJlric had now principally in 
 View was, to repoflels themfelves of the Fortrefs of WolffenbutieL 
 As a formal Siege could not but be equally ruinous to the Citi- 
 zens and Garrifon, Frederic Ulric^ who was ftrongly bent for 
 preferving the former, inftead of attacking it by open Force, 
 refolved upon a Blockade ; whereby the Garrifon came to be fo 
 much diftrelTed, that a Surrender was hourly expedled. How- 
 ever both Princes were difappointed in their Hopes : For Grom- 
 feld having been fent by Pappenhehn with twenty Troops of 
 Horfe towards Woljfenbiittel^ he had the good Fortune under Fa- 
 vour of the Night, to throw himfelf into the Fortrefs ; from 
 whence, in Conjundlion with the Garrifon, he made a moft 
 furious Sally j which not only obliged the Befiegers to retire, but 
 gave Pappenheim an Opportunity to inveft Hildefheim ; whereof 
 he became Mafter, to the great Grief of the Proteftants in that 
 Biftioprick, on whom the Roman Catbolicks failed not to make 
 
 moft 
 
3i8 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 
 
 moft rigorous Exactions. This was the laft of Pappenheim*i 
 Exploits in the Lower Saxony : For having foon after joined Wal~ 
 lenJlctUy he loft his Life in the Battle of Liitzen, ever memora-. 
 ,ble on Account of the fignal Victory the 'Suedes obtained there 
 over the Imperialifts, notwithftanding the fatal Lofs they fuftained 
 by theDeath of their hv^evt'^m^GuJiavus Adolphus. This Event was 
 followed the Year after by the Demife of the King of Bohemia^ 
 who having by the Afliftance of the Suedes recovered fome Cities 
 adjacent to the Palatinate ^ was in a fair Way of reinftating him- 
 felf in his paternal Inheritance, when Death feizing upon hinv 
 interrupted at once the Courfe of his Fortune and Life. 
 
 After Gujiavus Adolphuses Death, the Duke of JVeimar had 
 the Command of the Suedijh Army adfing in Franconia^ and 
 Bavaria j whereas Duke George of Luneburg headed a feparate 
 Army in the Circles of Lower Saxony and Wejlphalia, This 
 Prince being fenftble, that it was of the utmoft Confequence to 
 be poffefled of fuch Places near the JVefery as might afTure hina 
 a free Paflage over it, marched with this Defign before Herjord, 
 and took Pofleflion of it, from thence continuing his Courfe to 
 Bilefeld, Lemgau^ Lubbeke and Vlothe^ he brought them under 
 his Subjedion. This being done, he advanced to Rintehy where 
 a favourable Opportunity was offered him, to be revenged on 
 for the Difappointment he had met the Year before 
 near Wolff enbuttel. This General, endeavouring to difpute the 
 Duke’s Paffage over the Wejer near Rinteln, not only mifled his 
 Aim, but had the Misfortune to be beaten, and obliged to retreat 
 after having loft a great Number of his People. George pur* 
 fued his vidorious Exploits, by fetting down before the For- 
 trefa of Hameln, whereto he laid Siege, after putting a Garri- 
 fon into the City of Buckeburg^ and receiving a Reinforcement, 
 which was brought him by Frederic Ulric in Perfon. The 
 Befieged exerted themfelves to the utmoft of their Power againft 
 ithe Duke j which they were the more encouraged to do, as 
 
 they 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 they had Intelligence, that Count Merode at the Head of a 
 confiderable Body of Imperialifts was haftening to their Relief, 
 However this did not fecure them ; for, although Merode was 
 joined in his March by Count Gronsfeld^ and arrived at length 
 with an Army of 15,000 Men and a good Train of ^irtillery, 
 their joint Endeavours ferved only to make Duke George' % Valour 
 more confpicuous. Scarce had this Prince received Advice of 
 the Enemy’s Approach, but he raifed the Siege, got up with them 
 near Oldendorf^ and utterly defeated them. Seven Thoufand of 
 the Imperialifts were killed upon the Spot : The Number of Pri- 
 foners was ftill greater, among whom were feveral chief Officers 
 and Merode himfelf j befides which all their Artillery, Baggage, 
 with feventy Enfigns fell into the Hands of the Conqueror. By 
 this important Viftory George was inabled to refume the Siege, 
 he had been obliged to fufpend ; he returned to Ha mein and foon 
 got Pofteflion of it, as well as of Pyrmont zvidOfnabrucky the whole 
 Biftioprick fubmitting to his Arms j as did Peine and Calenberg to 
 thofe of Frederic Ulric^ who wrefted them out of the Hands of 
 the Imperialifts. 
 
 Oxenjiiern, who was intrufted with the Dire<ftion of the Af- 
 fairs of the Suedes in Germany after the Death of Gujlavus 
 Adolphus^ had by this Time not only renewed the League that 
 fublifted between his Court and that of France^ but alfo made 
 an Alliance at Heilbrun^ with the Circles of Suabia^ Franconia, 
 Upper and Lower Rhine. As he was defirous of taking the fame 
 Engagements with the Circles of Upper and Lower Saxony, he 
 was Teconded by Frederic Ulric, who for this Purpofe aflembled 
 the Members of this laft Circle at Halberjiadt j where an Alli- 
 ance having been concluded with the Suedes, the Settling of the 
 Operations for the following Campain was taken in hand: Pur- 
 fuant hereto, among other Things, a Refolution was taken to 
 block up the Fortrefs of Wolffenbuttel, and to lay Siege to the 
 City of HildeJJjeim, It was likewife agreed, that the City of 
 
 Brunjwick, 
 
 319 
 
 16 
 
 
320 
 
 Memoirs of tie Houfe of Brunswick, 
 
 Brunfwicky for the future, fhould be their common Place of 
 Arms, and that Magazines fhould be eredled there for the Ser- 
 vice of the Army. 
 
 It is reported, that Frederic XJlricy at this Affembly, engaged 
 himfelf to induce the Eledtor of Saxony to join his Troops with 
 thofe of the Circle of Lower-Saxony ^ in order to adl more pow- 
 erfully againft the Imperialijls. However, it appeared foon after 
 that his Endeavours were unfuccefsful, the Ele^or refufing the 
 Jundlion expedled from him. A fecret Difguft which he took 
 at OxenJUern'% having the Diredtion of the Affairs of the Prote- 
 ftants in Germany, is faid to have been the Occafion thereof, and 
 already at that Time it fet hhn about treating privately with 
 the Emperor for a feparate Peace. Neverthelefs, the Eledlor's 
 Refufal made no Change in the Operations agreed upon at Hal- 
 herjiadt. Duke George, after having made himfelf Mafter of 
 Soefi, Coe^feld, Lunen, Bochum, LudingJJ:aufen, and Hamm in 
 the Circle of Wejtphalia, marched into the Bifhoprick of Hildef- 
 heim, where he fat down before its Capital. An Imperial De- 
 tachment of Horfe and Dragoons, advancing from the Bifhop- 
 rick of Munjier, attempted to relieve the City, at the fame Time, 
 that the Befieged, who had Notice of the approaching Succour, 
 made a Sally and did fome Damage to the Duke’s Troops. 
 However, this Prince having made proper Difpofitions, fell with 
 great Bravery on the Imperialijis, who after fome Refiftance, 
 w'ere brought into Confufion, which with the great Lofs they fuf- 
 tained in the Engagement obliged them to retreat j whereupon 
 Hildejheim furrendered, and was delivered up to Frederic Vlric. 
 
 This Succefs, as it was a great Addition to Duke George's 
 Glory, fo it enabled him now to undertake the Blockade of the 
 Fortrefs of Wolffenhuttel As this was the ordinary Place of 
 Frederic U/ric’s Refidence, he feemed to confine his Wifhes to 
 fee himfelf repofleffed of it. But Fortune would not allow 
 him Time to be a Witnefs of the Iffue of his Coufin’s Under- 
 taking 
 
3^1 
 
 Memoirs of the Hoiife ^Brunswick. 
 
 taking in his Behalf. Having by feme Accident broke a Leg, 
 and Nature, by the many Fatigues he had undergone, being in- 
 tirely exhaufted, it was not in the Power of Medicaments to 
 procure his Recovery j fo that after languifhing for fix Weeks, 
 and fuffering of moft excruciating Pains, Death put a Period to 163^. 
 his Life in the 44th Year of his Age. 
 
 Were we to decide of Princes Adions by the fame Rules we 
 follow, when we fpeak of Men ading in a private Capacity, it 
 would not perhaps be an eafy Matter to vindicate Frederic Ulrica 
 Charader ; his Ihifting from one Party to another, his unfettled 
 Scheme of Politics, his Diffidence in thofe he fided with,^ feem- 
 ing, at firfi; Sight, to imply either a Weaknefs in Judgment or 
 unfteady Principles. But when we come to view him in another 
 Light, when we confider the perplexed State Germany happened 
 to be in, during the greateft Part of his Time, and the Impoffi- 
 bility there was conftantly to purfue the fame Meafures, his 
 Charader and Condud will bear a very different Afped. He 
 ought indeed, as foon as he perceived the Incroachments of 
 the Roman Catholics^ to have put himfelf in a Capacity of with- 
 ftanding their Efforts, both on account of Religion and of his 
 own private Intereft ; but may it not be faid, that what prevent- 
 ed him from fo doing was, that he thought himfelf fufficiently 
 fecured, in both thefe Refpeds, by the Evangelical Union? The 
 hidden Revolution that happened in the King of Bohemia's Af- 
 fairs, and the rapid Success that attended Ferdinand’s Arms, al- 
 lowed him neither Leifure nor Power uniformly to fteer a Courfc 
 that fuited his Inclination. On the one Hand, his Brothers 
 Schemes appearing too hazardous, and on the other the ambitious 
 Views of the Houfe of Aujiria threatening the utter Subverfion - 
 of the civil and religious Liberties of the Empire, he thought it 
 not fafe to fide with either j and though by the Emperor’s ar- 
 bitrary Proceedings, he was at length compelled to join with the 
 King of Denmark againft him, yet he foon after quitted his Par- 
 
322 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 ty i the unfortunate Iflue of the Battle of Lutter^ leaving him 
 no other Refource than that of fubmitting to the Viftor, and 
 helping him to difpolTefs the Danes of the ftrong Places he had 
 put into their Hands. This however, he did in hopes to be rein- 
 flated in the Poffeffion of them : but finding the Imperialijls 
 fhewed no Inclination to evacuate them, and that they were 
 bent upon maintaining the Edidl of Rejiitiition^ he was necefli- 
 tated, either tamely to fubmit to their Yoke, or to throw himfelf 
 into the Arms of the Suedes j the laft of which he chofe, becaufe 
 he had a Profpedt thereby to fecure Religion, and to recover what 
 was unjuftly witheld from him. To fum up the whole: We 
 are not to be furprifed at the fudden Changes that appear in this 
 Prince’s Politicks -j fince the Circumftances he was in, had fome~ 
 thing fo very peculiar, and the Events in which he was concern- 
 ed, were fo ftrangely combined, that the mofl penetrating Ge- 
 nius would have found it next to impoffible to extricate himfelf. 
 The Prefervation of Liberty and pure Religion, were doubtlefs 
 the chief Ends he aimed at, towards attaining which he was 
 ever willing to fpare no Pains ; but hereby he expofed himfelf to 
 great Inconveniencies, and his Subjects to fundry Calamities. He 
 would have willingly confulted their Interefl by accepting of a 
 Neutrality, but this being refufed, he was conftrained, at all E- 
 vents, to follow the Torrent by fiding with the flrongeft. It 
 muft be confeffed, on all Hands, that this Prince was endowed 
 with many valuable Qualities, which would have eminently di- 
 flinguifhed him, had the troublefome Times he lived in, allow- 
 ed him to difplay them, and that the common Patience and 
 Equanimity, he preferved amidft the various Difficulties he had 
 to flruggle with, intitled him to univerfal Applaufe. He left no 
 Iffiie by his Wife Ann Sophiay Daughter of John Sigifmundy 
 Eledlor of Brandenhurgy fo that his Dominions devolved to Rr- 
 neji the Confejfor's Defendants. The Line of Harburgy indeed, 
 had a Share in them for a Time, but on its Failure, which hap- 
 
 * pened 
 
323 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 pened foon after, that Part of Frederic XJlric\ Succefllon fell alfo 
 to Erneji's Pofterity. " 
 
 It may not be improper to call to the Reader’s Remembrance, 
 that in Erneji the Conf efforts Life-time, the Houfe of Brunfwick 
 confifted of no lefs than fix diflindt Branches. Five of thefe 
 gradually came to fail, while that of Erneji was the only one 
 that furvived them. Thus did Providence diftinguifh this good 
 Prince’s Defcendants, by rewarding on them the extraordinary 
 Zeal he had exerted in promoting the Proteftant Religion. As 
 they came to be divided into two different Branches, called the 
 new Houfes of Brunfwick Wolffenbuttel, and of Brunfwick Lu^ 
 neburgy we lhall henceforth treat of them feparately under this 
 two-fold Denomination. 
 
 ^he 
 
 Tt2 
 
324 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 Table VII. 
 
 1^36. 
 
 Table VII. 
 
 The Houfe of Brunswick Wolffenbuttel. 
 
 J U L I U S ERNES T. 
 
 I T has been already obferved, that of Ernejl the Confejforh 
 four Sons, the two youngeft, named Henry and William con.- 
 tinued the Family, William founded the new Houfe of Lune- 
 hurg^ and Henry that of Brunfwicky which in the Beginning was 
 called the Line of Danneberg^ till on the Death of Frederic UU 
 ricy the Principality of Wolffenbuttel fell to its Share ; from which 
 Time it received the Name of the Houfe of Brunfwick Woffen- 
 huttel. As this is the elder Branch of Erneji the Confeffor's Pof- 
 terlty, we fhall begin with it^ 
 
 Julius Erneji y Son of Henry y fucceeded his Father in 1598. 
 Hiftorians make but little Mention of him. All we find is, that 
 as he was inclined to lead a quiet Life, and had no Iflue, he no 
 fooner acquired the Principality of Woffenbuttely but he left it 
 to his BtoXhtx Augujlusy who two Years after, at Julius Erneji' % 
 Demife, likewife inherited his patrimonial Dominions, which 
 he had augmented in 1 6 1 5, with the Lordfhip of Wujirow. 
 
 AUGUSTUS. 
 
 AiigujluSy on his inheriting the Principality of Woffenbuttely 
 had the War, which ftill continued in that Country, intailed 
 upon him. The Blockade, laid to the Fortrefs of that Name 
 in 1634, was carried on for fome Time after his Acceffion •, but 
 with fo little Succefs, that he could not as yet flatter himfelf 
 with Hopes of getting it into his Pofleflion, efpecially on Ac- 
 count of the fudden Turn the Affairs of the Suedes took at this 
 Time. The Emperor, on the Death of Wallenjieiny having 
 
 given 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (j/*Brunswick. 325 
 
 given the Command of his Army to his Son Ferdinand ^ Fortune 
 
 declared itfelf in his Favour j he obtained a lignal Victory over WolfFenbuttel. 
 
 the Suedes near Nordlingen^ v^^hereby the Alliance of Heilbrun 
 
 was broke,, and this Nation loft moft of its Conquefts in Upper 
 
 Germany. Moreover, the Emperor, who aimed at difuniting 
 
 the Proteftant Princes leagued againft him, eagerly laid hold of 
 
 this Opportunity, to win over the Ele6tor of Saxony to his Party ; 
 
 and this Prince being brought to believe, that the Suedes had no 
 
 other View than to make Advantage of the Troubles in the 
 
 Empire, gave Ear to the Propofals that had been tendered to him 
 
 feme Time before at Pirna^ and concluded a feparate Peace with 
 
 the Emperor at Prague. 
 
 This Tranfadion gave a confiderable Blow to the Suedes^ who 
 apprehended, that the other Proteftant Princes might be influ-^ 
 enced by his Example. They loudly complained of the Eledor 
 of Saxonfs Infincerity, employing at the fame Time, all their 
 Skill to keep George Duke of Luneburg in their Intereft. They 
 were ftrangely puzzled at this laft Prince’s Condud i he openly 
 decried the Convention of PirnUy declaring that a folid Peace 
 could not be founded on it and when the Eledor of Saxony 
 gave him Notice, that he was included in the Treaty made be- 
 tween him and the Emperor,, deliring his Acceffion j he an- 
 fwered, that he muft previoufly confult Oxenjiiern about it, on- 
 Account of the ftrid Alliance, which fublifted between the 
 Houfe of Brunfwick. and the Suedes. However, at the fame 
 Time, that he imparted to Oxenjiiern the Propofals he had rcr> 
 eeived from the Eledor, he gave the Suedes Room to believe 
 that his Aftedion was fomewhat alienated from them ; and this 
 he probably did,.becaufe he thought that they confulted more 
 their private Intereft. than thatof the Common Caufe : For which 
 Reafon he aded in fuch a Manner, as to claim Superiority in the 
 Circle of the Lower Saxony^ and put himfelf in a Condition to 
 difpofe of Things there, as he found it moft conducive, to the 
 Proteftant Intereft. 
 
 A^:i 
 
326 Memoirs of the Houfe of B r u n s w i c 1:. 
 
 TheHoufe of As for AuguJluSy wc find that he was not averfe to the Treaty 
 
 Wolfflnbuttel.^^ P*'agu € as the Emperor obliged himfelt thereby, immedi- 
 ately to evacuate the Fortrefs of Wolffenbuttel. Orders had been 
 difpatched to the Governor for this Purpofe, and Augujlus did 
 not doubt, but it would be delivered up to him without further 
 Delay. However this was not done, and when Complaints 
 were made to the Emperor on Account of the Governor’s re- 
 fufing to comply with the Injundion, he connived at his fhuffl- 
 ing j fo that Augujlm found no Advantage in the Treaty of 
 Prague. 
 
 In the mean while George had feveral Interviews with the 
 Proteftant Princes, chiefly with the Landgrave of Hefe^ and 
 William Duke of Saxe Weimar y in Reference to the faid Treaty ; 
 the Refult whereof was, that they would accept of a Peace, pro- 
 vided all Parties were included in it j but that if the Eledor of 
 Saxony pretended to obtrude his Agreement upon them, to the 
 Prejudice of the Common Caufe, they were then refolvcd firmly 
 to adhere to one another, till they had obtained a fufficient Se- 
 curity for the Proteftant Intereft in general ; for which Purpofe 
 they determined to unite their Forces and form one Body to op- 
 pofe the Encroachments of the Enemy. As the Refult of thefe 
 Interviews was not communicated to General Banniery the Suedes 
 took Umbrage thereat, chiefly at the Duke of Luneburgy fearing 
 he fhould leave their Party. On this Account Oxenjliern endea- 
 voured to confirm all the Generals of the Proteftant Princes in 
 the Suedijh Intereft, and fent a Perfon, on Purpofe, to all the 
 Commanders of the Luneburg Troops and the Governors of Ci- 
 ties in the Lower Saxony y to encourage them to perfift in the 
 Alliance till a Peace could be obtained for the Advantage both of 
 themfelves and the Suedijh Nation. Hereupon the Officers held 
 a Meeting at Brunfwicky and having agreed to adhere to the Sue- 
 diJJj Caufe, began to draw their Regiments together, and to form 
 an Army near Minden on the Wefer. No fooner had George 
 got Notice of this, but he fent for all the Colonels, one after 
 
 another 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 327' 
 
 another, and made them fenfible, how much his Territories would 
 
 be expo fed, were they left without Troops, by Reafon of the wolftenbutrel. 
 
 Neighbourhood of the Imperklifts, who polTelTed feveral Cities 
 
 in his Dominions ; adding, that it was the leaft of his Thoughts 
 
 to commit any Hoftilities againft the Suedes ; and that he had no 
 
 other Defign than to make fuch Difpofitions, as might induce 
 
 them to come to Terms of Peace j which he could better do^ 
 
 with an Army about him, than otherwife. 
 
 It mufi: be owned, that George by this Time was grown weary 
 of the War ; the only Aim he had in taking up Arms, was to 
 maintain Liberty and the free Exercife of Religion. The Eledtor 
 of Saxony having engaged to anfwer for the Security of both thefe 
 Points, the Peace of Prague began to appear to him preferable 
 to War, wherefore he accepted of it. This being done, he gave 
 OxenJUern to underftand, that Fourteen Regiments having been 
 withdrawn from under his Command, he could not but look upon 
 this as an Affront ; that the Intereft of his Houfe required, that 
 he fhould rather accept of a Peace, than undergo any longer the 
 Fortune of War j for which Reafon he defired, that the Inftru- 
 ments, whereby he had engaged to adhere to the Intereft and t 
 Party of Gujiavus Adolphus, might be reftored to him j infifting 
 likewife, that Nienburg ihoxAdiho. giwQn up, ■a.ndi Sfoltzenau not 
 fortified. Oxenjliern, in anfwer to this, excufed the drawing off 
 the fourteen Regiments, on the Score of Necellityj adding, that 
 the Inftruments which he demanded, were fent to Sueden, and 
 that, by Reafon of the War, he could not .reftore Nie?iburg and . 
 
 Stoltzenau ; but fhould do it, as foon as Things came to be bet- 
 ter fettled. 
 
 About this Time the Suedes^ to keep up their Intereft as much 
 as poffible in the. Lower-Saxony, (ontAlexander Lejley with a ftrong 
 Body of Troops into Wejiphalia-, they were ftill defirous, to 
 keep Duke George on their Side, and on this Account follicited 
 him, to join his Forces with them againft the common Enemy; . 
 whicii they mfinu. .vcd would be a Means to eafe his own Domi- 
 nions; : 
 
328 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 BrunfwSf adding, that if he aded otherwife, it was to be feared 
 
 \’Sffbnbuttci.^h^t at Length they would become the Seat of War. To give 
 their Sollicitation a greater Weight, they offered him the Chief 
 Command of the Suedi/h Troops, who were ready to obey him, 
 1636. whenfoever he fhould be pleafed to head them. Thefe Propofals 
 and Offers had no Effed upon George \ he replied, that the 
 Suedes by withdrawing their Troops and other Steps, had made 
 him accept the Peace of Prague^ from which he could not in 
 Honour recede; that, although he could not accept of the Com- 
 mand they offered him, he fhould neverthelel's retain a Refped 
 for them ; and that whenever it fhould appear, that the adverfe 
 Party purfued any other Views, than thofe of an honourable Peace, 
 he was determined to enter into Meafures, that fhould not be dif- 
 agreeable to the Suedijh Nation. To this he added, that the Im- 
 perialifls fhould not pafs the Wefer^ and that he would keep his 
 own Troops about him to prevent itj defiring however, the 
 Suedes not to enter his Dominions, becaufe in this Cafe, the Im- 
 perialifls woul not fail to do the fame. 
 
 This Anfwer appearing ambiguous to the Suedes^ they paid no 
 Regard to George’s Intreaties, and being rcfolved to try, whether 
 Force could prevail upon him, Lejley with a Body of Troops 
 paffed the Wefer, and laid Siege to Minden^ then in George’s Pof- 
 lefTion. They were fo fuccefsful as to carry it, Major Plettenberg, 
 who commanded the Garrifon, delivering it up to them without 
 Neceffity. Thence they marched before Luneburg, and likewife 
 made themfelves Mailers of it. However, George being thus* 
 compelled to treat the Suedes as Enemies, left them but little 
 Time to fettle there. He marched with fo much Secrecy and 
 Expedition to the Fortrefs of Kalkbergy which commands the 
 City of Luneburgi and difpofed his Troops fb advantageoufly, 
 that, to the Aflonifhment of both Friends and Enemies, he re- 
 conquered the Fortrefs, without lofingone Man, and from thence 
 drove the Suedes out of Luneburg. This maflerly and unexpected 
 Stroke much mortified them : They were fo incenfed againfl 
 
 Colonel 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 329 
 
 Colonel Stammer^ their Commander in the Place, that nothing'^he Houfe of 
 but his Life could atone for the Lofs of it j he was condemned 
 t)eath, and beheaded accordingly. 
 
 In the Midft of thefe warlike Exploits Ferdinand II, the Op- 
 preffor of the Profejiants, and of the Liberties of Germany^ 
 yielded to Fate, making Room for his Son Ferdinand III, who 
 thereupon was raifed to the Imperial Dignity. The Suedes^ not- 
 withftanding George’s adling againft them, ftill entertained Hopes, 
 that he would come over again to their Party j becaufe the Im- 
 perialifts difobliged him, by refufing to join a few Troops to his 
 Army for undertaking the Siege of Minden and Nienburg. But 
 this Difappointment producing no Change in his Meafures, he 
 engaged to join his Forces with the Emperor’s Army. He feemed 
 not however hearty in it, as a general Peace was the foie End 
 he aimed at: For which Purpofe, he had a Conference with the 
 King of Denmark^ and the Duke of Holjiein at Sfade^ to con- 
 fult together how they might bring about fo defirable a Work; 
 but Germans was not as yet to enjoy that Bleffing, all the Efforts 
 the King of Denmark made for a Neutrality of the Brunfwick and 
 Luneburg Dominions, did not produce the Effedls that were ex- 
 pelled from them. 
 
 Whilft George was thus employed, Augujlus bent all his 
 Thoughts for bringing about a Peace; to which End he pri- 
 vately treated with the Imperial and Suedijh Minifters at Ham- 
 burg. The Regency of Sueden entertained a Sufpicion of the 
 the Princes of the Empire in general, however they thought it 
 advifeable to truft to Augujlus., preferably to any other; as they 
 were thoroughly convinced not only of his Abilities, and of his 
 being obnoxious to no Party, but likewife that he was perfectly 
 well acquainted with the Imperial Court, and had a greater 
 Authority than any other Prince. Things being thus circum- 
 ftanced, he was veiled with a Power by the Emperor, to bring 
 about a Treaty, and it is allowed on all Hands, that he fhewed 
 great Skill and Induftry in the Negotiation. 
 
 How earneft foever Augujlus was, in accelerating the Iffue of 
 
 U u the 
 
230 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 T'he Houfe of the Congrefs, it went on but very flowly. This and the Defire he 
 
 nothing fhould be done without the Participation of 
 the Protejlant Princes, made him labour under Hand, to induce 
 them to join with him in a Body, to mediate a Peace between 
 the Emperor and the Suedes^ intimating, that this would be a 
 Means to procure better Terms for themfelves and their Religion. 
 The Princes of both Houfes of Brunfwick and Luneburg having 
 had an Opportunity more particularly to be convinced, that the 
 Peace of Prague had contributed little to the Tranquillity of Ger- 
 many, and that the Proteflant Religion and their Liberties were 
 upon as precarious a Foundation as before j he prevailed upon them 
 to meet at Hildejheim, in Order to confult together about this 
 Grand Affair. Here, among other Things, he obferved, that it 
 was doubtful, whether Germany could poffibly enjoy a folid Peace, 
 unlefs all Parties were fatisfied j that were any to be excepted, it 
 was probable,they would run the greateft Rifks to do themfelves 
 Juftice, whereby Foreigners would have a Pretence for eftablifh- 
 ing themfelves more firmly in Germany', moreover that, as the 
 Iffue of War was uncertain, it was a Matter of Doubt, whether 
 the Empire would be able to drive the Suedes to the Sea Coafl; 
 which, befides the Difficulty in executing, would be a prodigious 
 Charge; and in Proportion as Fortune fhould favour the Imperi- 
 alifis, both Circles of Saxony would be miferably ravaged. Au- 
 gujhis having propofed thefe Heads, it was agreed, that before 
 any Thoughts could be entertained of re-eflabliffiing Peace, it 
 was abfolutely neceflary, that all thofe who were for it, fhould 
 be reflored to their Dominions and Dignities, and all Injuries be 
 forgotten ; that, if a Satisfadtion for the Expences of the War was 
 to be made to the Suedes, tlie Burden thereof fhould not fall alone 
 upon the Protejiants, but that all fhould bear a Share of it, and 
 efpecuilly thofe, that had hitherto been exempted from the 
 Charges and Inconveniences of the War; and as there was a Ne- 
 ceffity for a Congrefs to be fet on Foot for fettling thefe Mat- 
 ters, the Bufinefs of Peace fhould not be confined to particular 
 
 Perfons, 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe <?/ Brunswick. 331 
 
 Perfons, but that as it concerned all, fo the Management thereof of 
 
 fliould be intruded to every one that had an Intereft therein. Ac- woiffenbutuE-l 
 cording to this Agreement, it was refolved, that thefe Points lliould 
 be laid before the Emperor and the Electoral College, in Order 
 that every one’s Complaints might be heard ; and that at the fame 
 Time the Eledor of Saxony fliould be defired, to bring about as 
 foon as poffible,a Meeting of all the Protejiants^ to prepare Things 
 for a Negotiation. 
 
 It cannot be denied, that thefe Refolutions of the Affembly, 
 with the Reafons, that gave Occahon thereto, were conformable 
 to Juftice and Equity ; yet we find, that little Regard was paid 
 to them, either by the Emperor, the Eledforal College, or the 
 Elector of in particular; on Account, as fome Authors 
 
 hint, that the Secrets of the Peace of Prague would thereby 
 have been unravelled. Thus the only Courfe Augujius had now 
 to deer, was to make Ufe of all the Dexterity he was Mader of, 
 to preferve his Country as much as pofTible from Ruin. For 
 this Purpofe, he, as well as Duke George of Luneburg^ adted 
 with all the Caution imaginable, not to provoke any Party, dill 
 endeavouring to fecure their Dominions by a Neutrality, which 
 they at length obtained of the Suede at the fame Time it was i6jg. 
 denied them by the Imperialids. 
 
 About this Time, the Eledlors of the Empire having alTembled 
 at Nurenbergy with a View to deliberate on the Means for redoring 1640. 
 Peace to Germany^ or if that could not be obtained of the Fo- 
 reigners, for carrying on the War with Succefs. Miniders were 
 fent thither by both Houfes of Brunfwick and Luneburg. As 
 the Emperor had jud then publiflied an Edidl, wherein their 
 Principals were enjoyned to deliver up theBidioprick oiHildefieimy 
 to the Eledtor of Cologne they were ordered to make Reprefen- 
 tations againd it, and to complain of the Imperialids keeping 
 dill Poffeflion of the Fortrefs of Wolffenbuttel. Moreover 
 they earnedly preffed the Aflembly to come to fuch Re- 
 
 U u 2 folutioBSj 
 
33 2 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 The Houfe of folutions, as might effedtually and without Delay reftore Tran- 
 
 Wol^nbuttel. quUhty to Germany ; infifting, that as Peace and War concerned 
 all, they ought not to be left to the Management of a few, as 
 had been done heretofore, but that all Parties might be admitted 
 to the Negotiation of a Peace, and in particular to reprefent their 
 Grievances. This Advice was without Doubt, in the prefeat Cir- 
 cumftances, the bed; that could be propofed, but theDifpofitions of 
 the feveral Parties were not yet ripe for it ; and as for the Com- 
 plaints of the Houfe of Brunjhvick^ they made fo little Impreffion 
 upon the Emperor, that he increafed them as far as his Power 
 would permit. 
 
 It muft appear flrange, that the Imperial Court fliould have 
 perfifted in its arbitrary Proceedings, after having experienced 
 during fo many Years, the direful Effedts of them : We find, 
 that the Brunfwlck Dominions, where the War feemed in a 
 Manner to be ftifled, were fet in a Flame again by the Imperia- 
 lifts, who received Orders to poffefs themfelves of the Bifhoprick 
 of Hildepeim. The Emperor had before this Time tried to make 
 the Lower Saxony become again the Seat of War j which cer- 
 tainly would have happened, had not the Princes thereof, at their 
 AfTembly, held at Luneburg towards the Clofe of the Year 1638, 
 oppofed his Propofal for quartering 16000 Men of his Troops 
 in thofe Parts. The Bifhoprick of Hildepeim having now fur- 
 niflied him with an Opportunity for carrying his Defign into 
 Execution, George Duke of Luneburg^ who was in Polleffion 
 thereof, timely got Intelligence of the Emperor’s Defign, and 
 plainly perceiving that he could not rely on the Peace of Prague^ 
 affembled his Forces, and joining them with the Suedes and 
 }lepam, refolved to repel Force by Force. In the mean while 
 the Imperialifls feized on the City of Hdxter^ and having pafTed 
 the Wefer^ made themfelves Mafters of feveral Places ; which 
 obliged George to march againft them with all Expedition. Hav- 
 ing advanced towards the Fortrefs of Steinbruck^ he took it from 
 the Imperialifls, in whofe Hands it had fallen by Treachery; 
 from thence he fet down before Liebenburg^ Schladen^ Hefendam^ 
 
 and 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 333 
 
 and Wejierburg^ from all which Places he diflodged the Enemy ; The Houfe of 
 who thereupon retired io Wolff enbutt el ^ being clofely purfued by woif^nbuttel, 
 George' % Troops. It being refolved to block up the Imperiallfts 
 in that Fortrefs, George took upon himfelf the Execution of this 
 Undertaking; bravely repulfing the Imperialifts, who by fre- 
 quent Sallies endeavoured to dlfpoffefs him of the advantageous 
 Ports he had by his prudent Difpofitions procured to his Troops. 
 
 However it having been found, after fome Months, that the 
 Country People were much dirtrefled by thefe Sallies, on Account 
 of the inhuman Treatment they met with from the Imperialirtsj 
 George refolved to change the Blockade into a Siege ; and having 
 given the neceflary Orders for it, advanced with great Succefs in 
 his Operations, notwithrtanding the Endeavours of the Befieged 
 to prevent it. But while this brave and adlive Prince was employed 
 in carrying on this arduous Undertaking, Death put a Period to 
 his Life, when he was on the very Point of faving his Country, 
 
 This was the fecond Time of his inverting the Fortrefs of Wolf- 
 fenbuttel. During the firrt Siege Frederic Ulric his Coufin, with 
 whom he carried it on, ended his Days, and during this lart, 
 
 George met with the fame Fate, before he could fee the Irtueofhis 
 Enterprize. His Death was caufed by bafe Pradtices, whereof 
 we rtiall give an Account when we come to the Hirtory of the 
 Houfe of Luneburgy and only obferve here, that, according to 
 Puffendorfy it was an infinite Lofs to the Common Caufe and to 
 the Suedes in particular. General Bannier much grieved at it, 
 for which, it murt be confefled, he had very good Reafon, as 
 he expedted great Things from him, on Account of his extraor- 
 dinary Abilities, and the chief Authority and Diredlion he had in 
 military Affairs among the Princes of his Houfe, and in the 
 Circle of Lower Saxony. 
 
 After his Death, the Imperial Garrifon, in their Sallies, fet 
 Fire to feveral Villages ; which they did with a View to terrify 
 the Befiegers, and to keep in Awe the People of the Country, 
 who thereby were compelled to pay them the Contributions they 
 
 exadleda 
 
334 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 'I'he Houfe of exacted. Neverthelefs the Luneburg Troops carried on the Siege 
 
 Wdffen^ttel. on One Side of the Fortrefs with fo much Vigour, that Prepa^ 
 rations were now making to force it to furrender by a Bom- 
 bardment, and by caufing the Waters of the River Ocker 
 •to overflow it. This induced the Arch-Duke JLeopdd^ who ftood 
 with an Imperial Army near Germerpeim in the Falatinate^ to 
 haften to its Succour. However, as the Suedes had timely Notice 
 of their Intention, their Army marched Day and Night, to join 
 the Luneburg Camp in order to fupport the Siege j whereby it 
 happened, that both Armies having approached Wolffenbuttel al- 
 moft at the fame Time j the Suedes on the Side of Hilde/heitHy 
 and the Imperialifts OD.thzX.oiSchdningen on the other Side of the 
 Ocker -y the latter entered the Fortrefs, and paffing through it, 
 made a Shew of attacking the Suedes and Luneburgers. As this 
 their Attack would have been favoured by the Canon of Wolffen- 
 huttely the Allies thought not proper to fight at fo great a Difad- 
 vantage } but having the following Day changed their Pofition, fo 
 as to fecure their Army againft the Fire from the Ramparts, and 
 having pitched upon a convenient Spot of Ground for drawing 
 up their Forces, in Cafe of an Engagement, they waited there, 
 in good Order, for the coming up of the Enemy. The Impe- 
 rialifts, though fenfible of the advantageous Situation of the 
 Allies, were determined to incounter them, efpecially as it was 
 reported, that the Suedes intended to intrench themfelves : For 
 this Purpofe, having drawn their Forces out of Wolffenbuttely they 
 marched up to them in Battle Array ; a fierce Engagement en- 
 fued, wherein Fortune ballanced for a long Time, on Account 
 of both Parties fighting with equal Bravery ; at length the Allies 
 having made a great Slaughter among the Enemy, the Imperial 
 Army was obliged to leave them the Vidtory, and to retire under 
 the Canon of Wolffenbuttel. A few Days after Leopold quitted the 
 Place with his Army, but however left a ftrong Garrifon in it. 
 
 About 4000 are faid to have been killed on both Sides in this 
 Adtion, the greateft Part whereof were Imperialifts, whofe Lofs 
 
 was 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 335 
 
 was the more confiderable, as they milled a good many of their 
 Officers. Six Thoufand Hejjians having immediately upon this woi&nbutrel. 
 Victory joined the Allies, it was refolved to continue the Siege, 
 which was chiefly carried on by more and more Hopping the 
 Current of the River Ocker^ and thereby cauflng an Inundation 
 in the Fortrefs. The Imperialifts, although they threatened to 
 return to the Relief of the Place, confined themfelves to 
 pillage and ruin the Country j they feized on Eimbeck^ Nort^ 
 helm, Spiegelberg^ Erichjburg^ OJterwyck, Hamburgh Schladen^ 
 Liebenburg^ wherein were Luneburg Garrifons, but mifled their 
 Aim before Gottingen. The Waters were now fwelled to that 
 Degree in Wolffenbuttely as to oblige People to make ufe of Boats, 
 and to live on the Tops of their Houfes. This however, made 
 no Impreffion upon the Governor j he perfifted in holding out, 
 and for this Purpofe caufed all thofe that had not fufficiently 
 provided themfelves withNeceflaries, to quit the Place. At length 
 the Foundations of the Houfes and of the Fortifications came to 
 be fo much damaged, that feveral Buildings dropped down, and 
 it was vifible, notwithftanding all the Endeavours of the Gover- 
 nor for repairing the Works, that the Place could not have held 
 out much longer, had the Allies perfifted in their Operations. 
 
 But when the Siege was thus carried to its higheft Pitch, it came 
 on a fudden to be difcontinued by the Allies ; which fome Au- 
 thors attribute to Leopold's having made a Motion for marching, 
 again to JVolffenbuttely and others to the Glimpfe of a pacifick 
 Difpofition then appearing in the Imperial Court, which caufed 
 the breaking up of the Siege. It is remarkable, that during the 
 Tinae it was carried on, the Governor made Application to the 
 Allies to grant him a Paffport for a Waggon Load of Mum, , 
 which he expected from Brunfwick. This being complied with, 
 the Waggoners hid a Mind to refrefti themfelves upon the Road^ 
 and having on this Account, tapped one of the Calks, found it, 
 as well as the others, filled with Gunpowder. However the 
 Bcfiegers, notwithftanding the Governor’s Prevarication, bad the 
 
 extraor- 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^^^Brunswick. 
 
 orextraordinary Complaifance, to let the Gunpowder pafs into 
 Wolffenbuttel. 
 
 In the mldfl: of thefe warlike Tranfadtions, Augujlus conti- 
 nued indefatigably to employ himfelf for reftoring Peace, and left 
 no Means uneffayed for obtaining his End. Count Wahlen, who 
 had been difpatched to Brunfwick by the Arch-Duke Leopoldy 
 having there entertained him with Hopes of furrendering Wolf- 
 jenbuttely he thought proper to take Advantage of thefe Over- 
 tures, and thereupon paid a Viht to the Arch-Duke, who was 
 then incamped near Saldern. However nothing was concluded 
 upon there, Leopold deferring to enter into any Agreement, until 
 he was informed of the Sentiments of the Dukes of the Houfe 
 of Brunfwick-Luneburg j who were Frederic ^ the only furviving 
 Brother of George^ and Chrijlian Lewis^ eldell Son of the latter. 
 Augiijhis^ thus finding the whole to depend on the Refolution, 
 his Kindred would take at this Juncture, engaged himfelf to bring 
 them over to an Accommodation with the Emperor j and it is 
 allowed, that he acquitted himfelf of what he had undertaken 
 with no lefs Prudence than Alfiduity j fo that the Houfe of Lutie- 
 burg was prevailed upon in Conjundtion with him to enter into a 
 Negotiation with the Emperor j the City of Gojlar being ap- 
 pointed for this Purpole. 
 
 As the Emperor’s chief Aim was to draw off the Houfes of 
 Brunfwick and Luneburg from the Suedijh Party,it is no Wonder 
 that the Arch-DukeLf<?/oA/, fo muchinfifted on bothHoufes jointly 
 coming to Terms of Accommodation with him. The Houfe of. 
 Luneburg had exerted itfelf in a remarkable Manner, againft the 
 Schemes of the Imperial Court fhortly before, at theDiet oiRatiJbon-y 
 which was convened there to deliberate on the mofi: proper 
 Means for advancing the Conclufion of a Peace. It having ap- 
 peared in this AfiTembly, that the Emperor’s principal Intention 
 was rather to get the Affiftance of the Empire againft the foreign 
 Powers, that had Troops in Germany ^ than eftedtually to remove 
 the Complaints of the Princes of the Empire j the Luneburg 
 Envoys ftrongly oppofed the Emperor’s Meafures, infilling, among 
 
 other 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe 0 / Brunswick. 337 
 
 other Things, that the Caufes that had excited and fomented 
 War (hould be removed j and that an End ought to be put to itvv^SfcnbuudL 
 by the Mediation of Friends and not by Arms ^ that fuch a Peace 
 fhould be treated of, as might comprehend the Confederate 
 Crown?, very little or no Beneht being to be expected from a 
 feparate one. According to the Report of fome Authors, the 
 Emperor on his Part, omitted nothing at this Time, that might 
 allure the Houfe of Lunehurg into his Intereft. He gave them 
 Hopes, that no Soldiers fhould enter their Territories, that the 
 Demands which immediately concerned them fhould be latisfied, 
 and a Neutrality granted them, till a Peace was concluded. It is 
 likewife faid, that the Bilhoprick of Halberjladt was offered to 
 the Princes of this Houfe, provided they would quit the Intereft 
 of the Suedes. Whether this laft Offer was made or no, is not 
 material to our Purpofe ; we find, that the Envoys of the Houfe 
 of Luneburg adhered to their former Reprefentations, pofitively 
 infilling upon an univerfal Amnefly without Exception, and that 
 a Treaty might be fet on Foot with the foreign Powers engaged 
 in this War. The Bufinefs of the Amnefly being extremely 
 difrelifhed by the Imperial Court, the Envoys received Intima- 
 tion, that their Paffports would be revoked within a Fortnight, 
 if they continued to rejedl the Propofals made them j whereupon 
 they withdrew from Ratijbon. 
 
 The rough Ufage the Envoys of the Houfe of Luneburg had 
 met with at this Place, did not however hinder the fetting on 
 Foot a Negotiation at Gojlar. The Emperor propofed the Peace 
 of Prague and a Decree that had lately been made at Ratijbon. 
 for the Foundation of the enfuing Treaty j that the Dukes Ihould 
 withdraw their Troops from the Foreigners and unite them with 
 his Forces, that they fiiould deliver up the City and Bifhoprick 
 of Hildejheim to the Eledlor of Cologn, and bear a Share in the 
 Contributions and common Burdens of the War. TheHoufes 
 of Brunfwick aijd Luneburg demanded on. their Part, that the 
 War Ihould be removed from their Countries, and a Neutrality 
 
 X X granted 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick, 
 
 granted them j that the Peace of Prague flioiild be no other- 
 ^wife allowed, than it was agreeable with the Laws of the Em- 
 pire j that thofe of their Cities which were in the Hands of the 
 Imperialifts fhould be reftored, and that as foon as the Suedijh 
 Troops fhould have withdrawn, the Imperialifts fhould likewife 
 remove from theirNeighbourhood j and laftly that the Bufinefs of 
 HildeJkeimxm^\.\iQ. determined in a friendlyandamicableManner. 
 MuchTime was fpentin debating upon thePropofals of eachParty : 
 At lengththe Princes ofbothHoufes oiBrunfwick 2 .r\dLuneburg^on. 
 maturely weighingtheInconvenienciestheirDominionshad hitherto 
 laboured under, and confidering that their Subjedis had not fared 
 the better by their fiding with the Suedes^ refolved not to ex- 
 pofe them any longer to the Chance of War. A Treaty was 
 concluded, confiding of 36 Articles, whereof it will be 
 fufficient to mention thofe that follow, viz. that upon the Em- 
 peror’s Ratification, the Houfe of Luneburg would withdraw 
 its Troops from the Suedes ^ and deliver up Hildejheim to the 
 Eledior of Cologn, who was Bifhop of that See j while the Em- 
 peror on his Part, fliould evacuate Eimbeck^ Wolffenbuttel^ and 
 all the other Cities and Places his Troops pofTeffed in tlie Do- 
 minions of both Houfes. 
 
 An Agreement having thus been brought about, Augujius im- 
 mediately thought proper, to give Notice thereof to the Suedijh 
 General P’orjienfon j defiring him at the fame Time, to call to 
 Mind, how greatly the Subjedsofhis Houfe had been exhaufted 
 by the War, adding, that if any Violence was offered to them 
 for the future, he and his Relations would be compelled to make 
 Ufe of their Power againft thofe that fhould opprefs them. To 
 this the Suedes gave a favourable Anfwer, and now the Coun- 
 tries of Brunfwick and Luneburg feemed to have a Profped of 
 enjoying once more that Tranquillity, they had been deprived of 
 for fo many Years. The Emperor having ratified the Treaty 
 of Gojlar^ another Convention was made the Year following at 
 Brunfwick^ between the Eledor of Cologn and both Houfes of 
 
 Brunf 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 339 
 
 Brunfwick and Luneburg^ concerning the Evacuation of the Bi-J^eHodeof 
 fhoprick of Hildejheim. Hereby the large Poffeflions acquired wolfFenbuttd. 
 by the Houfe of Brunfwick from the Year 1519, as hath been 
 related page 205, were given up to the Eleflor, except the three 
 Bailiwicks of ColdingeUy Lutter^ and Wejlerhofen^ which was 
 all that the Houfe of Brunfwick could fave of thefe Acquifi- 
 tions. 
 
 Augufus and his Relations immediately fulfilled the Condi- 
 tions ftipulated on their Part in the Treaties abovementioned j 
 but the Imperialifts were far from (hewing the fame Sincerity. 
 
 They found fo much Advantage in keeping Poflefiion of the 
 Fortrefles and Cities they occupied, that they had Recourfe to 
 Evafions, in order to difpenfe with making good their Engage- 
 ments. This put Auguflus'% Patience to an extraordinary Trial ; 
 new Pretexts were every Day ftarted to defer the Evacuation of 
 thofe Places j to remove which he exerted a wonderful Forbear- 
 ance, and would at laft have been a Dupe to the Imperialifts 
 with Refpeft to the Fortrefs of Wolffenbuttel^ had he not by his 
 Vigilance fruftrated their collufive Meafures. On the very Day 
 appointed for delivering up this Place, two Exprefifes ported to 
 Woiffenbiittel^ with Letters for the Imperial Governor, whereby 
 he received Orders not to give up the Fortrefs, and to alledge 
 fome plaufible Reafon or other, for delaying the Evacuation. 
 
 Augufus^ fufpedling the Errand of the Meflengers, had them 
 flopped on the Road, fo that the Letters did not reach the Im- 
 perialirts till they had quitted the Place. However the Gover- 
 nor being willing to mend the Matter, marched back with his 
 Troops, pretending that he had fomething of Importance to 
 communicate to Augufus'^ Minirters. Under this Veil he thought 
 to re-enter the Fortrefs, but was difappointed, the Draw-Bridge 
 having been taken up immediately after his quitting the Place ; 
 fo that he found himfelf under a Neceffity to continue his March 
 out of the Brunfwick Dominions. Thus Augufus came to be 
 pofiTefifed again of Wolffenbuttel^ after it had been witheld from 
 
 X X 2 his 
 
3 4® Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 BruSck Family for the Space of fixteen Years, during which Time 
 WoifFenbuttel.it ferved not only for a Bone of Contention to the different Par- 
 ties at War, but likewife favoured the Devaflatidns and Exacti- 
 ons, that were committed on his own Subjects, and thofe of his 
 Relations. 
 
 The Dominions of the Hoiifes of Bnmfwick and Liinehiirg 
 being now recovered from the Hands of the Imperialifts, nothing 
 remained but to fecure them againft the Suedes^ till a General 
 Peace could be concluded. As Oxcnfiern and Torfienfon gave but 
 little Attention to the Complaints made againft feveral Violences 
 committed by the Troops of that Nation in Augufius\ Domi- 
 nions and thofe of the Dukes of Luneburg j they fent an Am- 
 baffy to Chrijlina Queen of Sueden^ to congratulate her upon her 
 taking the Regency into her own Hands, defiring at the fame 
 Time, that their Territories might be fpared, and fuch Places in 
 their Dominions, as had ftill Suedijh Garrifons, be reftored. 
 Chrijlina very politely anfwered the Dukes Compliments, by 
 affuring them of the RefpeCl fhe had for their Perfons ; and as 
 for their Requeft, fhe promifed that fhe would do as much in 
 their Favour, as the Circumftances of the War would admit, and 
 that her Commanders fhould be pofitively enjoyned, to forbear 
 from, all Injuries and unjufl: Exactions ; but that Things were in 
 fuch a Situation, that the Places pofTeffed by her Troops, could 
 not be evacuated, while the War lafled. However fhe confented, 
 that the Fortifications of Hoy a fhould be demolifhed, and the 
 Suedijh Garrifon withdrawn, and and that the Merchandizes be- 
 longing to the Subjects of the Houfe of Brunswick fhould pay no 
 Cuftom on the JVefer, 
 
 The Succefs of this AmbafTy very little anfwered the Expec- 
 tation of the Dukes of both Houfes ; yet what difpleafed them 
 ftill more was, that the Fate of the Proteftants remained ftill 
 dubious and unfettled ; theEmperor refufmg to come to an Agree- 
 ment upon this Article, and having fet it apart, till a General 
 Peace fhould be concluded. However this did not hinder Au- 
 
 gnjius 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 34^ 
 
 gujim and his Relations from exerting thcmfelves as much as 
 Circumftances of the Times would permit, in Behalf of their wolfFenbuttel. 
 Religion, for the Support of which their Anceftors had under- 
 gone fo many Fatigues, and fpilt fo much of their Blood and 
 Treafure. As the Country of Brunfwick includes the Bifhoprick 
 of Hildejheim^ as it were in its Bofom, and as Augujim and the 
 Houfe of Luneburg, notwithftanding their delivering it up into 
 the Hands of a Roman Catholick Bifhop, ftill preferved a tender 
 Concern for the Proteftant Subjects of that See ; they employed 
 themfelves with great Affiduity towards continuing to them the 
 Advantages, they had hitherto enjoyed. For this Purpofe, hav- 
 ing prevailed upon the Eledtor of Cologn^ then Bithop of Hil- 
 dejheimy to enter into an Agreement upon this Head, a Negotia- 
 tion was fet on Foot, which ended to the Satisfaction of both 
 Houfes of Brunfivick and Limeburg j as a Treaty came to be 
 concluded between them and the Eledtor, whereby the free Ex- 
 ercife of the Proteftant Religion was fecured in that Biftioprick, 
 
 This Treaty we are the more induced to take Notice of here, as 
 Difputes arofe afterwards between the Roman Catholicks and the 
 Proteftants in that See j which would have ended to the great 
 Detriment of the latter, had not the laudable Concern the Houfe 
 of Brunfwick at this Time fhewed for them, laid a folid Foun-.- 
 dation for their Liberty of Confcience in after Times. 
 
 We have avoided taking Notice of feveral military Operations 
 that were carried on in Germany for fome Years paft, as Auguf- 
 fus and his Relations were not diredtly concerned in them. For 
 the fame Reafon we ftiall not dwell on the Events that happened 
 during the remaining Part of this War, but only fay, that the 
 Suedes continued to be fomewhat burdenfome to the Brunfwick 
 Dominions. We now haften to the Conclulion of the General 
 Peace. Augufus^ as has been obferved above, had made En- 
 deavours at Hamburg, to bring about this falutary Work j Ne- 
 gotiations had alfo been fucceffively fet on Foot for this Purpofe 
 at Cologn, and hubeck\ but the Conferences being broke off by 
 
 ons 
 
342 Memoirs of. th& Houfe /^Brunswick. 
 
 The Houfe of one Party or other, nothing material had been agreed upon at 
 Woiftnbuttel. thofe Interviews. At length all Parties growing weary of the War, 
 they began in good Earned; to think of Peace. In order to avoid 
 Claims of Precedency between the Crowns of France and Sueden, 
 as well as Difputes with the Pope’s Nuncio, two Places were ap- 
 pointed for entering into Negotiations, viz. Munjler for treating 
 with France.^ and Ofnahruck for conferring with Sueden. It was 
 neverthelefs agreed, that both Treaties fhould be confidered as 
 one, which accordingly received the general Name of the Peace 
 of Wejlphalia. 
 
 The Envoys of the Dukes of Brunfwick and Luneburg^ who 
 aflifted at thefe Negotiations, endeavoured to procure as much 
 Advantage to their Princes as pofiible. With thisView they inlifted, 
 that the Bilhopricks of Hildejhem^ Mmden^ and Ofnahruck fhould 
 be given up to their Principals, in Order to indemnify them for 
 the vafl Expences they had been at during the War, and to com- 
 penfate the Ruin caufed to the Brunfwick and Luneburg Do- 
 minions. How cogent foever the Motives, whereon thefe 
 Demands were grounded appeared, they were not attended with 
 the expedled Succefs. As for Hildefheim^ the late Evacuation 
 made in Favour of the Elector of Cologn^ of the Houfe of Ba~ 
 •uariay who had already a Coadjutor of the fame Houfe, feemed 
 to be an Obftacle to the Claim that was laid to that Bifhoprick. 
 As for MindeUy the Eled:or of Brandenburgy had already anti- 
 cipated the Houfe of Brunfoick-, and two Claimants appeared to 
 ofnahruck y viz. Francis William Cardinal of Wartenbergy who 
 was eledled to that Bifhoprick j and Gufavus Count of Wafaburgy 
 natural Son of Gujia^vus Adolphus King of Suedeny who by the 
 Succefs of the Suedijh Arms had been inabled to defpoil Francis 
 William of that See. Guflavus was hrongly fupported by the 
 SuedeSy while Frajicis William demanded the Reftitution of it as 
 his Right. 
 
 Matters being thus circumflanced, the Dukes of Brunfwick and 
 Luneburg offered to give up the Coadjutorfiips of the Arch-Bifho- 
 
 pricks 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 34j 
 
 pricks of Magdeburg, and of Bremen, as well as of the Bifhop- The Houfe of 
 ricks of Halberfiadt and of Ratzeburg, of which they 
 adually in Poifeffion, provided the alternate Succeffion of the 
 Bifhoprick of Ofnabruck was eftablifhed in their Houfe. Many 
 Objediions were made againft this Propofal by the Roman Catho- 
 licksj but they were over-ruled, and the following Articles were 
 inferted in the Inftruments of the Treaty of JVeJlphalia. 1648. 
 
 An Alternative (hall for the Future take Place in the Bifhoprick 
 of Ofnabruck, fo that a Protejiant be eledled Bifhop of that See, 
 after a Roman Catholick, and a Roman Catholick again, after a 
 Protejiant Bifhop. 
 
 When the Protefants have their Turn, a Bifhop fhall be eledted 
 out of the Houfe of Brunfwick-Luneburg. 
 
 Gujlavus relinquifhes intirely the Bifhoprick of Ofnabruck, 
 and accepts for all his Pretentions, 80,0.00 Crowns, to be paid 
 within four Years by Francis Willia 7 n. 
 
 Upon the Conclufion of the Peace, Bifhop Fra?icis William of 
 the Catholick Religion, ftiall be put again in PofTeffion of the Bi- 
 fhoprick of Ofnabruck, and enjoy it during his Life. 
 
 Upon the Demife Francis William, Frneji Augujlus, youngeft 
 Son of Duke George of the Houfe of Luneburg, fhall fucceed 
 him in the Bifhoprick of Ofnabruck. 
 
 In Cafe Erneft Augufus fhould die before Bifhop Francis Wil- 
 liam, the Chapter fhall chufe another of Duke George's Defcen- 
 dants^ and after his Death, or voluntary Refignation, they fhall 
 eledf a Roman Catholick. 
 
 In Cafe there are feveral Princes of Duke George's Family, 
 they fhall chufe or require one of the youngeft, to be their Bi- 
 fhop, and if there is none, they fhall chufe one of the reigning 
 Princes. 
 
 In Cafe there fhould be none of thefe neither, the Pofterity of 
 Duke Augufus of the Houfe of Brunfwick Wolffenbuttel lliall 
 fucceed and enjoy the perpetual Alternative. 
 
 X 3 
 
 The 
 
344 
 
 The Houfe o 
 
 Brunfwick 
 
 Wolffenbuttcl 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 f The Prelacy of Walkenried, (of which Chrijlian Lewis, eldeft 
 Son of Duke George of Luneburg,vJ2.s at that Time Adminiftra- 
 tor,) is with the Bailiwick of ^hauen conferred as a perpetual Fief 
 of the Empire, on the Houfe of Brunfwick Luneburg. 
 
 The Monaftery of Groeninge?i, formerly acquired by the BI- 
 fhoprick of Halberjiadt, is to be reftored to the Houfe of Brunf- 
 wick, with the Refervation of the Rights, which appertained to 
 that Houfe over the Caftle of Weferbiirg-, as alfo the Infeoffment 
 made by them to the Count of fettenbach. 
 
 The'firfl two Prebends, that fliall become vacant in the Bi- 
 Ihoprick of Strajburg, fhall be conferred on Anthony Ulric and 
 Ferdinand Albert, the two youngeft Sons of Auguflus, without 
 obliging them to embrace the Roman Catholick Religion. 
 
 Laftly, all Things in Refpedt to Religion, fhall be put and 
 remain upon the fame Footing, they were on, the ift of Janu- 
 ary, 1624. 
 
 Although the Houfe of Brunfwick did not receive by the 
 Treaty of Wefphalia, all the Satisfadion it was intitled to; yet 
 when we confider the Pretenfions of fo many Parties which at 
 this Time were to be contented, we will eafily give Credit to 
 what Authors report of Auguflus, that it was chiefly owing to the 
 extraordinary Skill he had in managing Affairs, that he and his 
 Relations obtained the Advantages abovementioned. This Prince 
 is reprefented to have had a mofl: extenflve Knowledge of the 
 Conflitutions of all the States of Europe, their feveral Interefls, 
 Views, Strength and Weaknefs, as well as the Abilities and Dif- 
 pofitions of their refpedive Minillers j which, joined to a Pene- 
 tration and Fore- fight peculiar to himlelf, made him become of 
 fignal Service to his Family, by affilling them with his Counfels 
 and by furnifhing his own and their Miniflers with fuch Infl;ruc- 
 tions, as broke the Meafures of thofe, that oppofed the Interefl; of 
 their Houfe. He mufl; doubtlefs have felt a particular Pleafure 
 arifing from the Succefs, wherewith his Endeavours were crowned: 
 This however was conflderably increafed by the Peace and 
 
 Tran- 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe <?/'Brunswick. 345 
 
 Tranquillity he faw re-eftablifhed throughout the Empire, after The Houfe of 
 this long and ruinous War. As he was fenfible, that nothing 
 contributes more towards rendering thefe Bleffings durable, than 
 being found in a State of Defence, he caufed the Fortifications of 
 the Fortrefs of Wolffenhuttel to be conliderably augmented, and 
 as a further Security againft all Attempts of what Kind foever, he 
 entered into a defenfive Alliance at Hildejloeim with ChriJHan 16^2. 
 Lewis and George William of the Houfe of Liineburg^ the Land- 
 grave of Hejfey the Bifhop of Paderborn, and the Queen of 
 Sueden, as PofTefTor of the Archbifhoprick of and the 
 
 Bifhoprick of VerdeUy which had been fecularized and given up 
 to the Suedesy in Quality of Dutchies, by the Treaty of Weji~ 
 phalia. 
 
 Two Years after Difputes arofe between the Crown of Sueden 
 and the City of BremeUy which had like to have re-kindled the 
 War in Germany. However the fpreading of the Flame was 
 happily prevented by the timely Interpofition of the Houfes of 
 Brunjwick and Luneburg and other Princes. Neverthelefs the 
 Peace, brought about at this Time, was again but of a fhort 
 Duration. Several Alliances and Treaties were fet on Foot to 
 maintain Tranquillity in the Circle of the Lower Saxony y and in 
 the adjacent Countries, on Account of the War the King of 
 Denmark declared againfl the Crown of Sueden in 1657: But as 
 the Houfe of Luneburg was more particularly concerned in thefe 
 Tranfadiions, as well as in thofe, that related to the War the 
 Bilhop of Munjler carried on againft Holland in 1665, 
 that, made by Sueden againft the City of Bremen in the Year 
 following, we refer the Reader for the Particulars of thefe Events, 
 to the Life of George William of the Houfe of Luneburg ; and 
 fhall only obferve in this Place, that Duke Augujlus having of- 
 fered his Mediation to the States General and the Bifhop of 
 Munjiery for terminating their Differences, both readily accepted 
 of this Tender. He acquitted himfelf fo fuccefsfully of the 
 Office, that a Stop was put to Hoftilities, whereupon they came 
 
 Y y to 
 
2^.6 Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick, 
 
 The Houfe of to Terms of Accommodation at Cleves in 1666, and Amufim 
 Wolifenbuttel. undertook to be himfelf a Guarantee of the Peace concluded be- 
 tween them. Thus this Affair being happily ended to the Sa- 
 ’ tisfadion of both Parties, the States General, in particular, had 
 fo juft a Senfe of Augujlm'% kind Interpofition, and of the Suc- 
 cefs that attended it, that they acknowledged in the moft oblig- 
 ing Terms, the important Service he had done them on this Oc- 
 cafion. 
 
 Well might the States General and the Bifhop of Munjler rea- 
 dily accept of Augujlus’s Mediation, as he had frequently given 
 convincing Proofs of his Skill in the Management of Ajffairs, and 
 was looked upon as one of the greateft Statefmen of his Time. 
 Doubtlefs he had acquired a confiderable Infight into political 
 Affairs by the extraordinary Events that happened, particularly in 
 Germany^ during his Reign j and his Judgment, which was folid 
 and much improved by Experience, inabled him to tranfadt 
 Bufinefs with great Dexterity : However his natural Indowments 
 though cultivated by Time and Application, would have been 
 defective, and have left him fhort of the Perfedlion he attained 
 to j had not his extenlive Learning given them a proper Biafs, and 
 afforded him the Means to make a right Ufe of the various Oc- 
 currences he met with. His fupcrior Knowledge is fo much taken 
 Notice of by cotemporary Authors, that it is propofed by them 
 as a Matter of Doubt, which diftinguifhed him moft : his illuf- 
 trious Birth, the Comelinefs of his Perfon and Addrefs, or his 
 Learning. 
 
 That this Obfervatlon was not fuggefted to them by Flattery or 
 felfifh Views, appears evidently from this Prince’s Thirft after 
 Knowledge, the Pains he was at in acquiring it, and the publick 
 Proofs he has given and are ftill extant of his Angular Erudition, 
 Scarce had he compleated the fifteenth Year of his Age, when 
 the Univerfity of Rojiocky where he took his firft Rudiments in 
 Learning, complimented him with the ReiVorfhip of their Body, 
 whereupon he harangued the Members of it in Latin at three 
 
 different 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 347 
 
 different Times. From thence proceeding to the Univerfities of The Houfe of 
 Tubingen and Sfrajburgy the fame Honours were conferred 
 him j at the firft of ’thefe Places he pronounced two Latin Ora- 
 tions on the Dignity and Ufefulnefs of the Laws ; and at the latter 
 he publickly defended without the Help of a Prefident, mifcel- 
 laneous Thefes in Law, Hiftory and Philofophy. At thefe Seats 
 of the Mufes, where he flayed for feveral Years, he made fo con- 
 fiderable a Progrefs in his Studies, that he became the Admira- 
 tion of all that converfed with him. However as he was will- 
 ing flill to improve his Knowledge by travelling into foreign Parts ; 
 he fpertt a confiderable Time in feeing Italy^ Naples, Sicily, Mal- 
 ta, the Netherlands, England and France, belides the different 
 Courts of Germany, On his Return he eflabliflicd his Refidence 
 at Hitzacker, where his Love for Learning having induced him 
 to make a Colledtion of choice Authors in all Faculties, he had 
 the uncommon Affiduity and Patience, to enter with his own 
 Hand, in four large Volumes in Folio the chief Articles of the 
 different Branches of Learning ; under each of which he placed 
 the Titles of the Authors in his Library, who had treated there- 
 of ; diflinguifhing thofe that had fully handled the Subjedl from 
 thofe that had fpoken* of it occafionally. This Library, which 
 when he undertook this Talk, already confifled of 80,000 Vo- 
 lumes, has fince that Time, been fo confiderably augmented, 
 partly by himfelf, and partly by his Succeffors, that it amounts 
 now to above 116,000 Volumes, belides 2000 feledl Manu- 
 feripts and 100 large written Volumes of Records and publick 
 Tranfadlions ; with a great Number of Mathematical and Me- 
 chanical Inflruments, Globes, Antiquities, and other Curiolities. 
 
 This valuable Colledlion after his fucceeding Frederic Ulric, was 
 removed to Wolffenbuttel, where a fpacious Building being eredled 
 for its Reception j it has, to the great Encouragement of Learn- 
 ing, been open ever fince to all Comers j who have a free Accefs 
 to it, during the greateft Part of the Week Days, without paying 
 the lead Charge. 
 
 Y y 2 
 
 Augujlus'% 
 
348 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 The Houfe of Augujlus'% Learning was a Treafure he thought his Duty not to 
 WcJffenbuttei hlmfelf. Prompted by a Benevolence that was natural to 
 
 him, and does muchHonour to his Memory, he conceived it to be 
 incumbent upon him, to lhare it with his Fellow Creatures j upon 
 which Account he wrote feveral valuable Trails, that are lading 
 Monuments of his Labour and Erudition. Among thefe we {hall 
 mention but three, viz. one Intitled, T^he Harmojiy of the Evan- 
 gelical Churchy wherein many PafTages of Scripture are explained 
 and paraphrafed, which has not only been reprinted at different 
 Times in Quarto, Oitavo, and Twelves, but alfo highly extolled 
 by Conringius^ and feveral other learned Men in their Writings : 
 Another, a moft ingenious and large Work on the Ga?ne of 
 Cbefs^ printed in Folio with Copper Plates, (a) to which is an- 
 nexed an Account of the ancient Game of Pythagoras, called 
 Rythmo-Machia : And the laft, a very curious Performance in 
 Folio, wherein Is taught the Art of Writingby Cyphers^ a fid 
 DireSiions for decyphering fecret Writings [b). It is remarka- 
 ble, that he avoided putting his Name to the Books he publifhed, 
 and that the two laft appeared under the borrowed one of Guf. 
 tavus Selenus. 
 
 Were we to enter into a minute Detail of all the eminent 
 Q^lifications and worthy Adlions of this excellent Prince, it 
 would take up more Room than the Nature of this Work will 
 allow of : Befides from'^what has been faid, the Reader will be 
 inabled to form to himfelf an Idea of his diftingullhed Cha- 
 racter ; to which may be added, that his Government having' 
 been remarkable for Wiidom and Juftice, as well as a tender 
 Regard for his Subjects, the Title of Father of his Country was 
 
 («) \ Guftavi Seleni Schach-oder Koenigs spiel. Leipzig. i6i6. 
 
 fol. A Compendium of this Work has been printed at U/t» in 1722, in i6mo. underthe 
 Title of Se/enui ContraSus. 
 
 (b) The full Title of it runs thus : Guflavi Seleni Cryftometiitices isf Cryptographia 
 libri IX, in quibus isf planijjima Stenographies a Jo. Trithemio, Abbate Spanhemenji lA 
 Herbipolenfi, admirandi ingenii njiro, tnagice iA temgmatice olim csnfcriptes, Enodatio tra~ 
 ditur. Infperju ubique Authoru ac aliorum non contemnendis inveutis. Lunjeburgi. 1^24. 
 fol. 
 
 given 
 
Metnoir's of the Uoufe ^Brunswick. 349 
 
 given him; wherewith he died in 1666, in the 88 th Year 
 / his Age. He was thrice married, firft to Clare Maria, Daugh- wolfFenbuttel. 
 ter of Bogtjlam XIII. Duke of Pomerania ; in the fecond Place, 
 to Dorothy of the Houfe of Anhalt ; and laftly to Sophia Eliza- 
 beth, Daughter of John Albert Duke of Mecklenburg. This Prin- 
 cefs is taken Notice of by Authors, on Account of her Fond- 
 nefs for Learning, and her peculiar Skill in mulical Compofitions. 
 
 Of Augujius's three Sons, viz. Rudolph Augujlus, Anthony VI- 
 ric, and Ferdinand Albert, the two eldeft fucceeded him in their 
 Turns. 
 
 RUDOLPH AUGUSTUS. 
 
 Rudolph Augujlus, who was fenfible, that the Examples of 
 great Princes are the belt Inftru( 5 tions, fpent a Part of his younger Table vil. 
 Years, at the Court of Frederic William Eledtor of Branden- 
 burg. On fucceeding his Father, he yielded fome Territories, as 1666. 
 an Appennage to his fecond Brother Anthony U 7 r/c ; but foon ,(^57. 
 after received him into the Adminiftration of the Government, 
 though he might have kept the whole in his own Hands. This 
 rare Inftance of brotherly Affedlion occafioned a Medal to be 
 flruck, with the Heads of the two Brothers on one Side ; on the 
 other the City of Wolffenbuttel, over which were reprefented two 
 Hands folded and bearing a Branch of Palm and Laurel, with 
 the Infcription round it, taken from the CXXXIII Pfalm, 
 
 DVLCe eji fratres habit are In VnVM the numerical Letters of 
 which Words contain the Year 1667. which Rudolph Au- 
 gujlus received his Brother into the Adminiftration of the Go- 
 vernment. 
 
 Although Rudolph Augujlus never made War in Perfon, he 
 was however concerned in feveral military Tranfadlions, that 
 were carried on in his Time. During the Wars, the Em- 
 pire waged againft the French, the Suedes, and the Furks, he 
 adted the Part of an Auxiliary ; whereas in others he was obliged 
 to take upon him that of a Principal. Differences having arofe 
 
 between 
 
350 Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 
 
 The Houfe of bctwecn him and the Elector of Brandenburgy with' Refpeft to 
 Wolffcnbuttd County of Rheifijieiny both Houfes would have probably come 
 to an open Rupture, had not the fame been prevented by the In- 
 terpoiition of the Eledtor of Saxony, who prevailed upon the 
 1670. contending Parties, to leave the Subjedl of their Difference to 
 the Determination of the Law. The Provocation given, ihortly 
 after, to Rudolph Augujlm by the Bifhop of Munjler had 
 not the fame Iffue. There had been a Difpute from the 
 Time of the Reformation and the League of Smalcald between 
 the Princes of the Houfe of Brunfwick, and the Abbot of 
 Corbey, on Account of the City of Hoxter, which undoubtedly 
 was under the Protedlion of the former. However this Dif- 
 ference was made up, and the Accommodation fubfifted to 
 the Death of the laft Abbot; to whom Chrijlopher Bernhard 
 de Galen, Bifhop of Munjler, having fuccecded, he refufed to 
 (land to the Agreement of his Predeceffors. As among other 
 Matters of Complaint made againft him, was that of having en- 
 croached on the Liberties of the Protejlants in that City, con- 
 trary to the Peace of Wejlphalia-, the Citizens applied to Rudolph 
 Augujlus, imploring his Affiftance, as their Protedtor. This 
 being immediately granted them, Reprefentations were made to 
 the Bifhop and he was defired to defift from his violent Proceed- 
 ings; but he refufing to comply, Rudolph Augujlus put a Garri- 
 fon int;o the City, to maintain the Inhabitants againfl their Op- 
 preffor. Hereupon the Bifhop made loud Complaints, charging 
 the Citizens with no lefs than open Rebellion. Rudolph Augujlus 
 however continued to protedt the City, and the Bifhop was at 
 length obliged to put every Thing in its prifline State, agreeable 
 1671. to a Convention, which was concluded at Bilefeld-, whereupon 
 the Brmifwick Troops evacuated the City. 
 
 Scarce had this Affair been adjufled, but Rudolph Augujlus was 
 involved in another of Hill greater Confequence, as it concerned 
 the Capital of his own Dominions. It frequently appears in 
 this Hiffory, that the Citizens of Brunjhuick contefled with their 
 
 Princes 
 
Memoirs of the of Houfe (^Brunswick. 3^r 
 
 Princes the indifputable Right they had to this City, and even 'The Houfe of 
 entered fometimes upon violent Enterprizes againft them. Doubt- wolffenbutte^ 
 lefs in ancient Times, they were encouraged in their Difobedi- 
 ence by the Aflbciation they had entered into with the Ham- 
 I'owns'y after the Diffolutionof which, they often,through the fin- 
 gular Lenity of their Princes, efcaped the juft Refentment they 
 had incurred; whereunto we may add,that it is likely, they found 
 no fmall Support in the feveral diftindl Branches of the Houfe of 
 Brunfwicky that reigned at the fame Time; which perhaps gave 
 them frequent Opportunities of flieltering themfelves under the 
 Wings of one Line againft the Efforts of the other. However 
 that be, the Homage they paid to Frederic Ulric i6i6, as has 
 been mentioned, was only calculated to ferve their prefent Pur- 
 pofes. At this Time they renewed their ancient Contefts, and 
 by the many Evafions, they made Ufe of, to fet afide the Agree- 
 ment entered upon, fo much provoked the Princes of both 
 Houfes of Brunfwick and Lunehiirg^ that they jointly refolved to 
 put a Stop to the Controverfy, and to prevent its breaking out 
 ever after. The Glory of the Enterprize was left to Duke Ru- 
 dolph Augufius, and an Army being drawn together, it was fent 
 to lay Siege to the City. Some Weeks paffed in canonading 
 Brunswick ; as the Befiegers advanc’d in their Approaches, the 
 Magiftrates began to apprehend the Confequences that might en- 
 fue, flionld they hold out to the laft Extremity ; on which Ac- 
 count they furrender’d the City, and had thereby their Charters 1671. 
 and Privileges confirmed to them. Though Brunfwick was at 
 that Time confiderably fortified, its Works have been fince fo 
 much augmented, that it may pafs for one of the ftrongeft Places 
 in Germany, We muft obferve here, that the Houfe of Lune- 
 hurg, which had an equal Right to the City of Brunfwick^ having 
 given it up, with the Prelacy of Walckenrtedy to the Houfe of 
 JVolffenbuttely&Q^w&di in Return for both, the Cities and Bailwicks 
 of Danneberg^ Luchau^ Hitzacker, Wujiraii and Scharnbeck. 
 
 It 
 
352 Memoirs of the Houfe Brunswick. 
 
 The Houfe of Jt foon appeared that the Citizens of Brunfwick^ by fubmit- 
 ^*llftnbuttel. to Rudolph AugufiuSy had confulted their true Intereft, as 
 this Prince, from that Time, ftudied to improve their Trade, 
 and to promote their Happinefs. Among other Favours he 
 beftowed upon them, was the procuring a Fair, like that of 
 Leipzig^ to be held there twice a Year j which, as it is reforted 
 to by Merchants of fundry Kingdoms and Nations, is a confi- 
 derable Advantage to the City, and will perpetuate to lateft Pof- 
 terity the Memory of its Author, who, by his particular Regard 
 for the Welfare of his Country, by his Piety, Prudence, and 
 Sincerity, deferves the greateft Encomiums. He lived to the 
 1704. Age of 77, and departed this Life 1704, leaving no Male Ifliie, 
 neither by his firft Confort Chrijiina Elizabeth^ Daughter of Al- 
 bert Frederic^ of the Houfe of Barby j nor by his fecond Mar- 
 riage with Rojina Elizabeth Menthin^ commonly called Madame 
 Rudolphine. Though Fortune had not favoured the laft with an 
 illuftrious Birth, her Virtues intitled her to the Advantages of it ; 
 She is highly extolled for her Humanity, Modefly, and Muni- 
 ficence. 
 
 ANTHONY ULRIC. 
 
 ^Jable VII. 
 
 Anthony Xllric^ who fucceeded his Brother Rudolph Augujius, 
 was a Prince of great natural Parts, which he had improved by 
 Study and Travelling. Several ingenious Works claim him for 
 their Author ; among which thofe publifhed under the Titles of 
 Aramena and Odiavia^ deferve particular Notice. Both contain 
 a Variety of different Adventures and Incidents connected to- 
 gether with great Skill, and unravelled with admirable Art and 
 Delicacy. That intitled Aramena comprehends a Hiftory of 
 fuch remarkable Events as happened among the Heathens, about 
 the Time of the Patriarchs. In it the Manners and Cuftoms of 
 the Ancients, with the Virtues and Vices of the Great are repre- 
 fented in a moft lively Style 3 and the Reader, who there views 
 
 the 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 353 
 
 the World as it were in Miniature, finds himfelf equally infi;ru<ft- 
 ed and delighted. The other Work intitled OSiavia, contains wolSbuttel. 
 the whole Roman Hiftory, from the Time of the Emperor Clau- 
 dius to I'itus Vefpafianus. Whatfoever we meet with that is re- 
 markable or ingenious in the Writings oi Suetonius ^ 1‘acitus^ Dio, 
 
 Vellejus Paterculus, and other Roman Hiflorians, is difplayed in 
 this Performance j befides which it is interfperfed under Names 
 borrowed from the Romans, with feveral interefting Events that 
 happened at the Courts in the illuftrious Author’s Lifetime. 
 
 As he, with his two Brothers Rudolph Augujlus, and Ferdi- 
 nand Albert, were confpicuous for their Abilities, and diftingu idl- 
 ed themfelves by different Talents, peculiar Titles were beftowr 
 ed upon them by the learned World j the eldefi: was called a 
 moji wife Divine, the youngefl a profound Philofopher, and An- 
 thony IJlric a great Mathematician, The lafi: of thefe Princes 
 gave an indifputable Proof of the Juftnefs of this Appellation, in 
 the Structure of the Palace and Gardens of Saltzdahl j an Under- 
 taking, wherein the Skill and Tafte of the illuftrious Architedl 
 and Contriver appear fo much the more furprizing, as Art has 
 there compleatly fupplied the many natural Advantages that were 
 wanting to them in Point of Situation and Convenience ; fo that 
 they became moft perfect in their Kind, both for Regularity 
 and Magnificence. Confiderable Additions have been made to 
 them in latter Times, and it mufi: be acknowledged, that the Gar- 
 dens, the Grottos and Statues, with the Furniture and Pidhires 
 of the Palace, are indeed Royal, and worthy the Curiofity of all 
 Travellers.' 
 
 As the Fame of Anthony Ulricas eminent Qualifications 
 fpread itfelf in diftant Countries, his Court was much frequent- 
 ed by Foreigners, who were furprized to find, that common Re- 
 port fell much fhort of his real Merit. Charmed with his pro- 
 found Knowledge, and the Splendor of his Court, they were 
 Ifill more pleafed with the Wifdom of his Government ; to 
 which may be added, that fuch as delighted in the military Art, 
 
 Z z had 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^/'Brunswick. 
 
 had an Opportunity to fatisfy their Tafte, on viewing the incomoa- 
 rable Fortrefs of Wolffenhuttel^ which then was brought to its 
 Perfedion ; whilft fuch as inclined to Learning, were nolefs taken 
 with the valuable Library already mentioned, and with a new 
 Academy founded by him for inftrudting and improving the 
 young Gentry in Languages, feveral Branches of ufeful Learning, 
 and the Exercifes of Riding, Vaulting, Fencing, ^c. 
 
 The Impartiality required in an Hiftorian, will not allow us 
 to pafs over in Silence a Step this Prince took towards the Clofe 
 of his Life. He went over to the Roman Catholicks, after he 
 had abided by the Proteftant Religion till the 76th Year of hia 
 Age. Whatever were his Reafons for fo doing, it is remarkable, 
 that as foon as the Thing came to be known, he affured his Pro- 
 teftant Subjedls by a public Proclamation, that he would in no 
 Manner difturb them in the Exercife of their Religion, and 
 punctually fulfilled his Promife till the Time of his Death, which 
 happened in 1714. Great were the Accompliftiments that fhone 
 forth in this Prince’s Character, and that attended him to the 
 Grave. A diftinguifhed Greatnefs of Soul, that let him above the 
 Terrors of Death, crowned all the reft. As he had long pre- 
 pared for his laft Hour, fo he met it with fuch an extraordinary 
 Firmnefs and Intrepidity, as has induced Authors, by TraCts 
 Wrote on Purpofe, to tranfmit the Particulars to Pofterity. 
 
 Of his three Sons, Augujlus Frederic^ Augujius William^ and 
 Lewis Rudolph^ whom he had by Elizabeth Julianay Daughter 
 of Frederic Duke oi Holjlein Nor burg, the two latter fucceeded 
 him in their Turns ; Augujlus Frederic having loft his Life at 
 the Siege of Philipjburg, in 1657, a Year after he had been be- 
 trothed to Sophia Dorothy, only Daughter of George William^ 
 Duke of Zelle. We ought not to omit, that what afforded great 
 Comfort to Anthony Ulric in his old Age, was to fee his three 
 Grand Daughters, the Pofterity of Lewis Rudolph, well matched ; 
 the firft, named Elizabeth Chrijiina, being married in 1708, to 
 Charles then King of Spam, and afterwards Emperor ; the fe- 
 
 cond 
 
Memoirs of the of Houfe of 'B kis iqyl. ' 355 
 
 cond, Charlotte Chrijiina Sophia^ to Alexius Prince Imperial of^he Houfe of 
 RuJJtay in 17 1 1 j and the youngeft Anthonetta Amalia^ in 1712, wdff«Ibuttei. 
 to Ferdinand Albert ^ Anthony ? 7 /rzV’s Nephew, a Prince of great 
 Accomplifhments. 
 
 To clofe what we have to fay (A Anthony Ulricas, Reign, it may 
 not be amifs to mention, that in his Time, or rather according 
 to others, in that of his SuccefTor, a very odd, though cuflo- 
 mary Law, called Jus Hagejioltziatus, came to be abrogated. A 
 Man, that had lived a Batchelor to the Age of 50, was named 
 by the ancient Germans a Hagejloltze^ and that Part of his Succef- 
 lion, which he himfelf had acquired, efcheated after his Death 
 to the Treafury of the Government, probably as a Punilhment for 
 not having entered the married State. This Law did not pre- 
 vail throughout all Germany^ but only in the Lower Palatinate^ 
 in fome Parts on the Upper Rhine ^ did the Country of Brunfwick^ 
 in which laft it was thought fit to annul it. It does not readily 
 appear, when this Law began to be in Force, nor whence the Word 
 Hagejloltze is derived : All that can be faid hereupon, is as fol- 
 lows. The ancient Germans called a Family-Seat Haga^ and a 
 little Habitation Stoltze. The eldefi; Son inherited the Haga^ or 
 the Family-Seat of his Father, while the other Children received 
 but a fmall Portion of his Succefiion. It often happened that 
 Families chofe to live together, in which Cafe the younger Bro- 
 thers built little Habitations, or StoltzeUy near the Haga of their 
 elder Brother, which was the Occafion, that they came to be 
 Q2\\tdi.HageJloltzen. As thefe younger Brothers had inherited 
 little or nothing, and were not in a Condition to maintain a Wife, 
 they lived for the moft Part a fingle Life j fo that it is not impro- 
 bable, that from hence all old Batchelors received the Name of 
 Hagejioltzen. 
 
 Having brought that Part of our Memoirs concerning the 
 Houfe of Brunfwick Wolff enbutt el y to the Period we propofed to 
 ourfelves ; we now proceed to do the fame by that of Brunfwick 
 Luneburg j referring the Reader for the prefent State of the former 
 to Table VII. 
 
 Lhe 
 
 Z z 2 
 
35 ^ 
 
 Table VIII. 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe o/'Brunswick. 
 
 The Houfe of ICY . Luneburg. 
 ERNEST. 
 
 I T has been more than once obfervcd, that Erneji the Confejj'or^ 
 the Author of the prefent Houfes of Brunfwick Wolffenbuttely 
 and of Brunfwick Luneburg^ had two Sons, Henry and William, 
 who continued the Family. Henry founded the Houfe of Brunfwick 
 Wolffenbuttel, of which we have juft now given an Account ; 
 fo that nothing remains to compleat our Defign than to treat of 
 the Defendants of William his younger Brother, the Founder of 
 the prefent Houfe of Brunfwick Luneburg. 
 
 Ernejl, Chriftian, Augufus, Frederic, Magnus, George and 
 John, this Prince’s feven Sons, being refolved to keep up the 
 Splendor of their Houfe, came to an Agreement among them- 
 felves, not to divide their paternal Inheritance j determining, that 
 only one of them ftiould marry, and that the elder Brother Ihould 
 have the foie Regency over the Luneburg Dominions, and be 
 fucceeded by the eldeft that fhould furvive him. They kept to 
 this brotherly Agreement with great Exadnefs, to the Admira- 
 tion of all Europe. This being fo new and uncommon a Thing, 
 reached the Ear of the Grand Seignior Achmet I. who, it is faid, 
 on hearing it, exprefled great Surprize, and faid, that it was well 
 worth a Man's while to undertake a Jmrney on Purpofe, to be an. 
 Eye-witnefs of this wonderful Unanimity. The feven Brothers, 
 according to their Agreement, having drawn Lots, who ftiould 
 marry, Fortune declared in Favour of George the fixth Brother,, 
 who thereupon entered the married State, and continued the 
 Family. The four eldeft, Erneji, Chrifian, Augufus and Fre- 
 deric, fucceeded one another in the Regency ; whereas the 
 three younger Brothers, Magnus,. George, and John, died be- 
 fore their 1 urns came., We ftiall however make Mention of 
 
 George 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 3^^ 
 
 George hereafter, as he greatly fignalized himfelf during his The Houfe of 
 elder Brothers Reigns in the War that preceded the Peace of ^unebur^ 
 WeJiphaUa. 
 
 Nature had not favoured Ernejly the eldeft of the feven Bro- 
 thers, with an healthful Conftitution, notwithftanding which his 
 Third: after Knowledge was fuch, that it made him overcome 
 all Difficulties. He ftudied, in Company with his Brother Au- 
 gujlus^ at the Univerfity of Wittenberg with great Applaufe, and 
 being particularly fond of Hiftory, collected from many Authors 
 the Life of the Emperor JuJUnian, which he wrote in Latin^ 
 and dedicated to his Father. From Wittenberg he went to Straf- 
 burgy in order to improve in his Studies, and foon became there 
 likewife the Admiration of the Learned. 
 
 He fucceeded his Father in 1592, and took a particular De- 
 light in making his Subjects happy. Several Ordinances are ftill 
 extant, which are lading Monuments of his tender Care for the 
 Support of poor Scholars, and for the impartial Adminiftration of 
 Juftice. He died in 1 6 1 1. 
 
 CHRISTIAN. 
 
 Ghrijiian, his next Brother,, who by Virtue of the above menr vill;. 
 tioned Agreement fucceeded him, was at the fame Time Bi- 
 fhop of Minden j with the Capital whereof he had many Dif- 
 putcs, and obliged it at length to do him Homage. The Bifhop- 
 rick of Halberjiadt was likewife conferred on him, but this he 
 refigncd in Behalf of Frederic^ Son of Chrijlian IV. King Den- 
 mark. About fix Years after his arriving, to the Government,, 
 the important Law-Suit concerning the Principality of Gruben- 
 hagen ended in Favour of the Houfe of Luneburg ; whereupon, 
 
 Frederic UlriCy of the Old Line of Wolffenbuttely having evacu- 1617.- 
 ated it, this Principality, with the County of Bruchhaufeny was 
 annexed by Chrijlian to the Luneburg Dominions. 
 
 The great War which preceded the Peace of Wejlphaliay 
 having broke out during his Adminiftration, he jointly, with his 
 
 Brothers. 
 
3 5 8 ‘Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick, 
 
 The Houfe of Brothers and the Houfe of Brunfmck Wolffenhuttel endeavoured 
 LuTcburg preferve his Subjedts from the Calamities which then began 
 to overfpread all Germany^ but his Efforts were unfuccefsful. He 
 died in 1633, and was reputed to be a Prince of great Integrity 
 and Honour. 
 
 AUGUSTUS. 
 
 Table VIII. 
 
 I Gj 6. 
 
 AuguJluSy the third Brother, after having finifhed his Studies 
 at the Univerfity oi Wittenberg ^ travelled into 7 /^^, and from 
 thence to France j where he ferved as a Volunteer in Henry the 
 fourth’s Civil Wars. In 1595, he made a Campaign againft 
 the Turks y and was prefent at the taking of the Fortrefs of Gran. 
 
 At the Time of his fucceeding his Brother Chrijiianf he was 
 poffeffed of the Bifhoprick of Ratzeburg^ which he kept during 
 his Life. Befides which he inlarged his Inheritance with the 
 Principality of Calenberg^ which fell to him after the Death of 
 Frederic JJlric^ the laft of the Houfe of Brunfwick Wolffenbuttel 
 of the fecond Divifion. However, he enjoyed the Regency of 
 the Lunehurg Dominions but three Years j at the Expiration of 
 which he gave it up to his Brother Fredericy on account of his 
 ill State of Health, and the many Infirmities he laboured under. 
 Shortly after he died without legitimate Iffue, but left feveral 
 natural Children by Ufa Schmidichen, Heisfaid by Hiftoriansto 
 have been confpicuous for his Equanimity under the Prefiiire of 
 a weak Conflitution, and amidft the various Inconveniencies 
 arifing from the troublefome Times he lived in. 
 
 FREDERIC. 
 
 Frederic, the fourth Brother, in Imitation of Augujlus, im- 
 ^ ^ ’ proved his Talents and Knowledge by travelling into foreign 
 
 Parts, having feen Italy, Sicily, Malta, the Netherlands, Eng- 
 landmdi Scotland^ he went in 1602 to Hungary, where he was 
 
 prefent 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick, 
 
 prefent at the famous Siege of Buda. At his Return he was made The Houfe of 
 Provo ft of the Dome of Bremen^ and fome Years after Coadju- 
 tor of the Bifhoprick of Ratzeburg. As he was 63 Years of Age 
 when his Brother Augufius laid ^lown the Regency, he is faid to 
 have taken it upon him with fome Reluctance, being more in- 
 clined to a quiet Life. 
 
 Among the many Calamities that the long War in Germany 
 brought with it, the Corruption of the publick Coin was not the 
 leaft j for hereby the little Traffick which ftill fubfifted in the 
 Circle of the Lower Saxony^ was almoft totally ruined. Frederic 
 being fenfible, that this Evil was of the greateft Confcquence to 
 his Subjects, took particular Care to remove it, by forbidding- 
 the Circulation of the debafed Coin, and fubftituting fuch a one as 
 anfwered the legal Standard. He was fo tender of the publick 
 Credit and his own Honour on this Head, that he ufed to fay, 
 that it was the Duty of a Prince to have the fame Regard for his 
 Coin as for his Reputation^ and that^ far from making a Fraffick- 
 of ity he ought to procure it the fame Credit as to Letters figned 
 with his own Hand^ and corroborated with his own Seal. 
 
 William^ the laft of the Line of Harburg^ dying in 1642, 
 
 Frederic acquired his Poffeflions : he had likewife the good' 
 
 Fortune, fome Time after, to fee the End of the long War, , 
 as well as the Conclufion of the Peace of Weflphalia j whereof . 
 we have already given an Account, as far it concerns this illuf- 
 trious Family, in the Life of Augujius of the Houfe of Brunf-' 
 wickWolffenbuttel. He died in 1648, in the 74th Year of his 
 Age, and left behind him a natural Son, named Erneji de- 
 Luneburg. 
 
 His three younger Brothers, Magnus i George^ and Johny 
 having departed this Life before him, he was fucceeded by the 
 Pofterity of George, the fixth Brother ; whofe AClions, as they 
 were interwoven with thofe of Frederic Ulric, the laft of the 
 Line of Wolffenbuttel of the fecond Divifign, and with thofe of 
 
 Aut^- 
 
% 
 
 360 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brukswick. 
 
 The Houfe of Augujlus^ of the new Houfe of Brunfwick Wolffenbuttely we have 
 ^Lun^u!^ for the moft Part related j fo that we (hall, on that Account, be 
 the more concife in what we have now to fay concerning him. 
 Table VIII George^ fo early as in the ninth Year of his Age, was fent with 
 his Brother Magnus to the Univerlity of Jena. When he had 
 finiflied his Studies, he learned the Art Military under Prince 
 Maurice of Najfau^ who at that Time defended the Liberties of 
 the new Republic of Holland againft Spain. Albert^ Archduke of 
 Aujlria, and the Marquifs of Spinoluy who commanded the Spa~ 
 nijh Troops, endeavoured to draw him to them by making him 
 fome Olfer, which however he declined. In 1609 he went up- 
 on his Travels into France y Englandy and Italy y and two Years 
 after ferved Chrijiian IV. King of Denmark in his War againft 
 Charles IX. King of Suedeny wherein he acquired great Glory. 
 The Laurels which he won before Calrnar and Eljburg were ear- 
 ly Proofs, that in Time this Prince would vie with the greateft 
 Generals of the Age he lived in. 
 
 In the Beginning of the great War abovementioned, he efpouf- 
 ed the Party of the Emperor Ferdinand II. and had a confiderable 
 Share in thofe vidtorious Exploits, the Imperial Army made dur- 
 ing the firft Period of that War. He would have kept Ready to 
 the fame Intereft, had not Ferdinand undertaken to defpoil the 
 Houfe of Brunfwick of its lawful Poffeffions in the Bilhoprick of 
 Hildejheim’y and had not Filly y his General, feized upon the 
 Principality of Calenbergy the County of Hoyay and exadled large 
 Sums from its Inhabitants. 
 
 Thefe hoftile Proceedings having induced the Houfe of Lune- 
 burg to league itfelf with Gujiavus Adolphus King of SuedeUy 
 George agreed at PFurtzburg, in 1631, to aflift him with four 
 Regiments of Foot, and two Regiments of Horfe, which he con- 
 fiderablyj augmented afterwards j Succefs attended him on his 
 fetting out, and indeed in the greateft Part of his military Un- 
 dertakings. The Imperial General Gronsfeld having advanced 
 with a Body of Troops to relieve Calenbergy George y who be- 
 
 Reged 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (?/'Brunswick. 361 
 
 fieged itj defeated him, and would have cut off the whole Body The Houfe of 
 of the Imperialifts, had they not faved themfelves by breaking Luneburg. 
 down a Bridge, after having palfed over it. He beat Gromjeld ' 
 a fecond Time, Rinteln, and foon after got afignal Victory 
 over the Imperial General near Oldendorp^ in which 7000 
 
 of the Enemy loft their Lives, and Merode himfelf was taken, with 
 all his Artillery and Baggage. In confequence of thefe repeated 
 Succeffes, many Cities and Fortreftes fell into his Hands, amongft 
 which was Hildejheimy which he took in Conjundion with 
 Frederic Ulric. 
 
 When afterwards the Peace of Prague was concluded between ,5^^^ 
 the Emperor and Eledor of Saxony^ he declared himfelf in fa- 
 vour of that Treaty, and rejeded the Offers of the Suedes, who 
 earneftly fought to keep him in their Party, and were ready on 
 that Condition to deliver up to him the fupreme Command of 
 their Army. Hereupon the Suedes committed fome Hoftilities 
 againft him, whereat being provoked, he diflodged them from 
 the Fortrefs of Kalkberg, dioA from the. City of Lunebiirg, How- 
 ever, when he came aferwards to be fully convinced of the Em- 
 peror’s ambitious Views, he fided with them again. In confe- 
 quence hereof, he drove the Imperialifts out of the Fortrefs of 
 Steinbruck, and after having repaired the Fortifications, and taken 
 feveral other Places from them, he fat down before the Fortrefs 
 of Wolffenbuttel, which at firft be blocked up, but foon after 
 changed the Blockade into a Siege. Here was a Period put to his '641* 
 warlike Exploits ^ for he faw neither the End of the War, nor 
 the Iffue of this Expedition. While he aftifted, in 1639, at a 
 Banquet at Hildepeim, with General Bannier, a Monk admini- 
 ftred poifoned Wine to feveral of the Chiefs that were aftembled 
 there. He drank bat little of it, and yet it had fo fatal aji Effed 
 upon him, that his Strength vifibly abated from that Time, and 
 when he was almoft quite exhaufted, a Fever put an End to his 
 Life in 1641. Of this Prince, whofe Death was fo great a Lofs 
 to the common Caufe, as has been already obferved in the Life of 
 
 A a a Au^ 
 
362 
 
 The Houfe 
 Brunfwick 
 Luneburg. 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 Augujlm of the new Houfe of Brunfivick Wolffenbuttel, it mufl: 
 be laid with Juftice, that he excelled equally in the Arts of Peace 
 and War. Confidered as a Statefman, his Abilities and Views 
 were extenfive, his Schemes well contrived, and carried on with 
 great Judgment and Prudence, and his Refources in the moft in- 
 tricate Junctures furprizing aud inexhauftible. As a Warrior, he 
 was in no Way inferior to the ableft Commanders. Befides his 
 thorough Acquaintance with all the Details of the Military Art, 
 he had the Advantage of knowing how to make every Circum- 
 ftance fubfervient to his main Defign, both in attacking and de- 
 fending. His Forefight was fuch, that it fuggefted to him all 
 that was to be done or omitted, and left nothing to Chance j fo 
 that Fortune could not claim the lead: Share in the Succefs of 
 his Undertakings. A peculiar Happinefs he pofiefied befides, 
 was that of being both beloved and feared by his Soldiers, whofe 
 Confidence in his Wifdom and Bravery was fo great, that they 
 were ready to follow himwherefoever he led them. It was this, 
 in Conjunction with his fuperior Talents, that facilitated his Mi- 
 litary Atchievements, and made him number almoftas many 
 Triumphs as he had had Opportunities of drawing the Sword. 
 So able and deferving a Prince, had he lived to fee the Conclu- 
 fion of the Peace of Wejiphalia^ would probably have obtained 
 for his Friends and Family, greater Advantages than thofe that 
 were granted them. 
 
 He enjoyed the Principality of Calenberg^ which his elder Bro- 
 thers yielded to him, and alfo pofiTefied to his Death the Bifiiop- 
 rick of Hildefieim, which he had conquered. During his 
 Reign over the Principality of Calenberg^ he adorned the 
 City of Hanover with many publick Buildings, and alfo 
 began to ereCl there a Palace, and an Arfenal. He left by 
 his Wife Ann "Eleanor^ Daughter of Lewis V. Landgrave of 
 Hejfe Darmjiadt, four Sons, Chrifiian Lewis^ George William^ 
 yohn Frederic ^ and Erneji Augujlus. To obviate all Difputes 
 about his Succeflion, and that of Frederic his Brother, then ftill 
 
 alive, 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 363 
 
 alive, he ordered by his Will, that his eldeft Son The Houfe of 
 
 fhould inherit the Principalities of Zelle and Grubenhagen^ and i^eburg. 
 
 ■ his fecond Son George William that of Calenberg ; that in cafe 
 either of thefe fhould die without IlTue, the third Ihould fupply 
 his Room, and fo on to the fourth, on the fame Provifo; whereby 
 there might always be two Regencies, one at Zelle, and the 
 other at Calenberg, He alfo ordered, that whenfoever a Change 
 happened in the Succeffion by Death, the eldeft of the furviving 
 Brothers fhould have it in his Option, which of the two Divi- 
 fions he liked beft. It fell out, that every one of thefe four 
 Princes came fucceffively to the Regency of one or other of the 
 Divifions ; the three eldeft dying at length without male IfTue, 
 the three Principalities came to be reunited by the Poflerity of 
 the youngeft Brother, as will be fliewn hereafter. 
 
 CHRISTIAN LEWIS. 
 
 ChriJUan Lewis fucceeded his Father in the Principality of yjjj 
 
 lenberg in 1641. On the Demife of his Uncle Frederic, he 
 chofe the Principalities of Zelle and Grubenhagen, leaving that of ' 
 Calenberg to his Brother George William, according to the fore- 
 going Regulation. He moreover enjoyed the Prelacy of WaU 
 ckenried, which was confirmed to the Houfe of Luneburg by the 
 Peace of Wejiphalia, as has been related above. 
 
 The Suedes, who ftill had an Army of 60,000 Men in the 
 Empire, continued to keep Poffeflion of the Fortrefs of Nien~ 
 burg, and other Places in the Luneburg Dominions, refixfing to 
 evacuate them, with what they held befides in the Empire, un- 
 lefs every Article fettled in the Peace of Wejiphalia was executed. 
 
 The Pope, on the other Hand, left no Means unefTayed to prevent 
 the Execution of this Treaty. He protefted againft giving up any 
 Territories that had belonged to the Church, adding, that the 
 End defigned by this War was not to difmember any more States 
 
 A a a 2 from 
 
364 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 J^eHoufeof from the Church, but to reftore fuch as had been alienated 
 
 Luneburg. from it. Little Attention was given to this Proteflation j the 
 Suedes continued to keep their PolTeffions, whereby the Imperial 
 Court was at length obliged pundtually to fulfil the Treaty of JVeJi- 
 phalidy which it would fcarce have done otherwife. Frefh Ne- 
 gotiations were fet on Foot at Nurenberg^ for patting the Peace 
 in Execution, and the Means neceffary thereunto being regulat- 
 1650. ed by a Convention, the quitted their Poflefiions : thus 
 
 Nienburg^ with the other Places hitherto 'withheld by them 
 from the Houfe of Luneburg^ were reftored to it. 
 
 We find, that in the Year 1655 there was fill a Roman Catho- 
 lick Abbot at Luneburg^ who prefided there at the Convent of 
 St. Michael. After his Death Chrijiian Lewis founded an Aca- 
 demy at this Place for the Education of Foreigners as well as 
 the Gentry of that Country, and applied the Revenues of the 
 Convent towards its Support. He augmented the Fortrefs of 
 Kalkberg near this Place, and built new Fortifications to the City 
 of Harburg on the Elbe ; on the Banks of which River he alfo 
 erected new Keys, and rendered the Harbour more commodious 
 to the feafaring People. 
 
 After having afliduoufly employed himfelf during his whole 
 Reign, in feeing Juftice well adminiftred, and in procuring to 
 his Subjedts all the Advantages that lay in his Power 3 he died in 
 1665, without leaving Iflue by his Wife Dorothy., Daughter of 
 Philip Duke of Holjlein Gluckjburgy fo that his Dominions de- 
 volved to his fecond Brother George William. 
 
 GEORGE WILLIAM. 
 
 Table VIII. When Chrijiian Lewis chofe the Principalities of Zelle and 
 Grubenhagen, after the Death of Frederic his Unde, George 
 William came to the Polfeffion of the Principality of Calenberg. 
 This, agreeable to his Father’s Will, he exchanged, in 1665, on 
 the Demife of his faid Brother, for Zelle and Grubenhagen. Some 
 
 de“; 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 365 
 
 defigning People, who endeavoured to fow Difcord in theFami- 
 ly, in order to promote their felfilh Views, prevailed upon his Luneburg. 
 next Brother John Frederic^ to oppofe this Exchange. He 
 adlually feized on the Principality of Zelle in the Abfence of George 
 William.^ fo that the two Brothers would have come to an open 
 Rupture, had not the neighbouring Princes timely interpofed and 
 mediated an Accommodation between them j whereby it was 
 agreed, that George William fliould keep the Principality of 
 Zelle^ the Counties of Hoya and Diepholtz, with the Prelacy of 
 Walckenried. 
 
 Although this Prince, whom we may juftly call the Great and 
 the Magnanimous^ lived to a very advanced Age j his memorable 
 Actions were fo many, that it muft be acknowledged, they far 
 exceeded the Number of his Years. Were we to enter into 
 the Detail of them, it would require a Volume ; wherefore we 
 fhall confine ourfelves to relate in a concife Manner, thofe that 
 are the moft material. During the latter Part of the War that 
 preceded the Peace of Wejlphalia, his Father fent him to the^^^^ 
 Netherlands^ where he finilhed his Studies at Utrecht ; from 
 whence he went upon his Travels to Efigland, France, and Italy, 
 
 At his Return he ferved as a Volunteer in the Dutch Army under ,5^5. 
 William II. Prince of Orange. Here he behaved with great 
 Gallantry, and received a Wound in his Thigh. Scarce was he 
 recovered when he made a fecond Tour to France, and from 
 thence to Spain. 
 
 A few Years after his aflliming the Regency of the Principal 
 lity of Calenherg, he, with his Relations, adjufted at Hamburg 1655^ 
 the Differences that fubfilled between his Houfe and the King 
 of Denmark, the Duke of Holjiein Gottorp and the Count of 
 Oldenburg, on Account of the Territories called Stadtland and 
 Budjadingia, fituated on the Wefer, in the Counties of Olden- 
 burg and Delmenhorji. The Inhabitants, who were defcended 
 from the ancient Friezlanders, having in ancient Times fet up 
 for a free People, had maintained themfelves as fuch for feveral 
 
 Con-- 
 
366 
 
 The Houfe 
 
 Brunfwick 
 
 Luneburg. 
 
 1^60, 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 Centuries. But as many States and Countries have loft their 
 Liberty, for Want of knowing how to make a proper Ufe of it, 
 it happened, that thefe People, inftead of peaceably enjoying 
 their Happinefs, difturbed that of their Neighbours. Among 
 thefe was the Count of Olde 7 iburgy who being highly provoked 
 at the repeated Vexations he received from them, allied him- 
 felf in 1514. with the Houfe oi Brunfwick^ and by its Aflift- 
 ance fubdued them. Thefe Countries, which by Right ftiould 
 have been divided betwixt the Allies, were left by the Houfe of 
 Brunfwick to the Count of Oldenburg -y who in Return for the 
 Afliftance received, obliged himfelf to hold both aa Fiefs of 
 that Houfe. This Agreement, made about the Time of the 
 Conqueft, was this Year renewed, and fettled in an authentic 
 Mannerj and it is in Confequence hereof, that the King of Den- 
 mark, who is defcended from the Counts of Oldenburg and pof- 
 feftes both Stadtland and BudjadingiUy is a Fcudatary of the 
 Houfe of Brunfwick. 
 
 The Satisfadion George William had experienced in his for- 
 mer Journey to Italy ^ made him undertake another thither in 
 1656, whence he returned to his Dominions the fame Year, 
 Some Time after, Charles II. being recalled to the Throne of 
 Englandy he went to meet the King at Breda^ on purpofe to 
 compliment him on this Occafion. Having thence accompa- 
 nied him to the Hague, this Monarch, in moft obliging Terms, 
 acknowledged the Honour he had done him, declaring, that 
 hereby he had given a publick Demonf ration, not only of the Re- 
 gard he had for his Perfon, but likewife of his Concern for the 
 Welfare of the Britijh Realms. 
 
 About this Time Chriftopher Bernhard de Galen, who was 
 Bifhop of Munfter, and of a turbulent and enterprifing Genius, 
 much embarrafled his Neighbours. He had purchafed of the 
 Houfe of Lichtenfein fome Claims it laid to certain Lordfhips 
 in Ea/l Friezland. Of thefe he intended to make himfelf Mafter; 
 ibut the Dutch taking the Prince of Eaji Friezland\ Part, he 
 
 was 
 
Memoirs of the Uottfe (^Brunswick. 367 
 
 was obliged to defift from his Enterprize. This Difappoint- The^Houfe of 
 ment fo nettled him, that, to be revenged on thofe that hadLuneburg. 
 been the Authors of it, he entered into an Alliance with Charles »66s. 
 
 II. King of England^ againft Holland^ and attacked the Pro- 
 •vince of Over TJfely where he made fome Conquefts. Here- 
 upon the Houfe of Luneburg refolved to efpoufe the Caufe of 
 the Dutchy and having ordered a Body of Troops to march to- 
 wards the Bifhoprick of Munjier^ this Step, with the Interpo- 
 fition of Duke Augujlus of the Houfe of Brunjhunck Wolffenhut- 
 tel, obliged the Bi(hop to accept of a Peace ; the principal Ar- *666. 
 tide whereof was that he fhoulddifband his Troops, and keep on 
 Foot no more than 3000 Men. 
 
 Scarce were thefe Troubles appeafed, but the Suedes opened 
 another Scene of War of more Confequence in the Dutchy of 
 Bremen. This Dutchy, as has been faid, was yielded to them 
 by the Peace of Weftphalia ; on the fame Terms it had been 
 formerly enjoyed by Its Arch-Bifhops. As the Citizens of Bre- 
 men had conftantly maintained their Freedom againfl; the Arch- 
 Bifhops j their Liberties in temporal as well as in fpiritual Con- 
 cerns were fecured by that Peace j fo that the Dome and its 
 Dependencies, which had belonged to the Arch-Bilhops, were 
 the foie Rights the Suedes had a Claim to in the City. Thus 
 Bremen^ as a Free Imperial City, continued after that Peace 
 to affifl at the Diets of the Empire ; which the Suedijlo General 
 Konigfmark being refolved to oppofe, feized upon a Pafs to 
 that City, called the Burg, The Bremers^ who were deter- 
 mined at all Events to defend their Liberty, repofleffed them- 
 felves of the Burg^ and feverely punidied a Suedijlo Spy, who 
 endeavoured to fet Fire to the City at two Places, in order to 
 give the Suedes an Opportunity, during the Confufion, to be- 
 come Mafters of the City. This being done, they levied heavy 
 Contributions in the Territories belonging to the Suedes^ and 
 behaved with the fameRefolution, as if their Refources were in- 
 exhauftible. The Dutchy of Verdcn^ which was then poiTefTed 
 
 by 
 
368 
 
 The Houfe 
 
 Brunfwick 
 
 Luncburg 
 
 r666. 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 o^by the Suedes^ experienced llkewife the Refentment of the 
 Bremers; whereby its Capital became very unfortunate: For 
 
 the Inhabitants making no Refiftance at the Approach of the 
 Bremers^ and foon after agreeing with them about the Contri- 
 butions, the Suedes were fo much provoked at it, that they 
 difarmed them, cancelled their Charters, and lived in the City 
 at Diferetion. 
 
 The whole Empire was alarmed at thefe Proceedings, and fo 
 much the more, as the Suedes made vaft Preparations to fupport 
 their Attempt, and received feveral Reinforcements one after 
 another from their Country. However, by the Interpofition of 
 the Dutch and of the Houfe of Luneburg^ a Truce was made, 
 and afterwards a Peace concluded at Stade^ in 1654; which 
 however lafted no longer than to the Year 1666. General 
 Wrangel being at this Time arrived with a good Army in the 
 Dutchy of Bremen^ propofed to the City, either to renounce its 
 Claim of being a Free Imperial City and to receive a Garrifon, 
 or to expedl a Siege. As the Anfwer he received hereupon was 
 in no Manner fatisfaefrory, he a<flually commenced Hoftilities, and 
 the Bremers would have infallibly loft their Liberty, had not 
 Duke George William^ and the other Princes of his Houfe, in 
 Conjunction with their Neighbours, declared themfelves in fa- 
 vour of the City, and marched an Army to its Aftiftance ; 
 whereby Wrangel was obliged to enter into a Negotiation, and 
 to raife the Siege. All that the City yielded by the Treaty con- 
 cluded at in the fame Year, was, that it would not 
 
 appear at the Diets of the Empire, nor at the Aflemblies of the 
 Circle of the Lower Saxony^ till the Year 1700, and would 
 abftain from making Ufe of the Title of a Free Imperial City in 
 their Letters to the Crown of Sue den. It is faid, that Wrangel^ 
 who thought himfelf almoft fure of becoming Mafter of Bremen^ 
 was fo much vexed at the Difappointment he met with on this 
 Occafion, that he declared, it was the higheft Affront he had 
 £ver received. 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 369 
 
 George WilUaniy befides the Share he had in the Affairs men- Houfe of 
 tioned hitherto, was concerned in almoft every particular Tranf- Luneburg. 
 adlion, that was carried on during his Time in the different Parts 
 of Europe. The Turks blocked up the Fortrefs of Candia^ and 
 during the 22 Years that this Blockade lafl^ed, built a new City 
 near that Place, which was almoft as confiderable as the Fortrefs 
 itfelf. They now began to attack Candia in Form, fo that the 
 Republick of Venice found itfelf under a Neceffity of deftring the 
 Aid of feveral Chriftian Princes: Among thefe was GeorgeWilliamy 
 whofe Affiftance the Republick requefted on this Juncture. He 1668. 
 readily complied with their Intreaties and fent a Body of his 
 Troops, under the Command of pfojias Count of Waldecky to 
 re-inforce the Venetian Army. The Fortrefs in all appearance 
 would have baffled the Defigns of the Turksy had the Duke of 
 Beaufort, who alfo came to Candia with a Body of French Troops 
 proceded more cooly in his Operations. He is faid, to have at- 
 tacked the Turkijh Army, which fupported the Siege, without 
 previoufly concerting Meafures with the other Generals and that 
 at an unfeafonable Time, whereby it happened that he himfelf 
 was killed with the greateft Part of the Troops under his Com- 
 mand. When after the Battle his People were in Search of his 
 Body, a Turkijh Bafhaw is reported to have made this fevere Re- 
 flexion, that they needed but open the Heads of the Slain, and if 
 they found one that had no Brains, it muff: certainly be the Duke 
 of BeauforfSy who had led the People under his Command to 
 the Slaughter againft all Manner of Reafon. The Fortrefs after 
 having fuftained a formal Siege for fome Time, was at length 
 obliged to furrender to the Turks j who according to their own 
 Accounts, had facrificed 31000. -Men before it. Hereupon a 
 Peace being concluded between the Republick and the T urks the 
 Remainder of the Luneburg Forces returned to their Country ^ and 1669. 
 Dominicus Contareno, then Doge of Venice, in his Letters of 
 Thanks to Duke George William, expreffed great Satisfadlion, on 
 account of the Valour his Troops had fhewed in this Expedition. 
 
 B b b Several 
 
370 
 
 The Houfe of 
 
 Brunfwick 
 
 Xuneburg. 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswig t. 
 
 Several Confultations were held in the following Years, con- 
 cerning the Tranquillity of Europe y which appeared to be on a 
 precarious Foundation. Lewis XIV. King of Francey who 
 agreeable to the Peace of the Pyrenees had in 1 660. married 
 Maria Fherejiay Infanta of Spainy laid Claim to the Spani(h 
 Netherlands, after her Father’s Death, which happened in 1665. 
 This he did, notwithftanding the folemn Renunciation, Therefa 
 had made to all the Spanif Dominions at the Time of her Mar- 
 riage. In the Year 1667. he endeavoured to make himfelf Mafter 
 of this Country ; but Holland, whofe Intereft required that it 
 Ihould not fall into the Hands of the French, flopped his Career 
 by concluding the famous Friple Alliance with England and Sueden 
 for the Defence of the Netherlands j which obliged the King of 
 France to accept of a Peace at Aix la Chappelle in 1668, and to 
 defifl for that Time from making good his Pretenfions. Nettled 
 at this Difappointment, he meditated Revenge on the States- 
 General, and having gradually difunited the Friple Alliance, at- 
 tacked Holland in 1672. with fo great a Power, that the Repub- 
 lick was on the very Brink of Ruin. His Allies were Charles 
 II. King of England, Maximilian Henry Eledlor of Cologn, and 
 Cbriftopher Bernhard de Galen Bifhop of Munfer. 
 
 The greatefl Part of the Princes of Europe were not forry to 
 fee the Dutch a little mortified, by Reafon of their infupportable 
 Haughtinefs ; but when they faw, that they made little Refiftance 
 againll the French, or rather none at all, and that their principal 
 Cities were taken, they ceafed to look with Indifference on their 
 Situation. George William efpecially, thought it his Interefl, to 
 fuccour the United Provinces, and on this Account entered, in 
 Conjundlion with Rudolph Augufus Duke of Brunfwick Wolffen- 
 buttely into an Alliance with that Republick, the Emperor, the 
 Kings of Spain and Denmark, the Eledlor of Brandenburg, and 
 the Regent of the Landgraviate of Heffe-Cajfel. Both Houfes 
 of Brunfwick Wolffenbuttel and of Brunfwkk Luneburg engaged, 
 for the Good of the Common Caufe to furnifh aBody of .14000 
 
 Men, 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 371 
 
 Men, which George William took upon him to command in Per- The Houfe of 
 fon, having under him the Duke of Holjlein Plan. He paJlTed 
 the Rhine and entered the Palatinate^ from whence he purfued 
 his March into Alfatia. The Motions, the French made, al- 
 lowing no Time to expedt the Jundion of the Troops of all the 
 Confederates, the Luneburg Troops, before thofe of Wolff en- 
 buttel could come up, being joined by fome Imperialifts and 
 other Forces, engaged in a fliarp Adion with the French near 
 En/ijheim in Alfatia. The Succefs of it was varioufly reprefented, 
 according to the Inclinations and Interefts of the different Parties j 
 yet both allowed, that the Luneburghers alone fudained the Shock 
 of the Enemy a great while, before they were fuccourred, and that 
 the greateft Lofs fell upon them. Purenne himfelf, who com- 
 manded the French^ did them fo much Juflice as to own, that 
 he would have been undone, had all the Troops fought with as 
 much Bravery as the Luneburghers. However this Battle did 
 not prove to be a decifive one, for both Armies continued fight- 
 ing, till Night parted them. 
 
 At the End of the Campaign, George William put his Troops 
 into Winter Quarters in Suabia^ and refumed his Operations the 
 Spring following. They were attended with fo much Succefs, 1675. 
 that this Year will be for ever memorable in the Annals of 
 the Houfe of Luneburg. His youngeft Brother Erneji Auguflus^ 
 
 Bifhop of Ofnabruck, having joined him with 5000 Men, he 
 paffed the Rhine at Cologn^ at the Head of an Army of 14000 
 Men, and advanced towards the Meufe^ with an Intent to 
 fuccour William Prince of Orange^ afterwards King of England, 
 who adled in the Netherlands : But this Prince, and the Ge- 
 nerals that commanded on the Rhine, finding it more expe- 
 dient, that he fhould make a Diverfion on the Mofelle, he ac- 
 cordingly marched towards Freves, which then was in the Poffef- 
 fion of the French, and had a Garrifon of 6000 Men. A Body of 
 6000 Imperial, Epanijh, and Lorraine Troops having reinforced 
 him, he laid Siege to that City, upon which the Marfhal de Crequi 
 with the Flower of the French Troops, haftened to fuccour it. 
 
 B b b 2 George 
 
2 y 2 Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 
 
 ThtUoMkoi George JVilliam no fooner received Advice of Crequi'% March, 
 
 Lunebl^g refolved to meet him half Way. For this Purpofe he left 
 
 6000 Men before the City, and palTed the Saar in Sight of the 
 French Army, which polled itfelf in an advantageous Place near 
 a fortified Bridge, called Confarbruck or Contzerhruek upon that 
 River. The greateft Part of the Generals in George William'^ 
 Army were againfl giving Battle, but he, his Brother and the Duke 
 of HoJJiein Ploen being of a contrary Opinion, Difpofitions were 
 made for engaging the Enemy. Both Armies came within 
 Reach of each other on the firfl of Auguji^ and having plyed 
 their Canon for a while, engaged on both Sides at the fame Time. 
 The Fight which was fierce and obllinate lafted three Hours : 
 However the French were obliged to give Ground, which be- 
 ing perceived by the Liineburg Troops, they took Advantage 
 thereof and charged them with fo much Refolution and Bravery, 
 that the Enemy was intirely routed and George William obtained a 
 compleat Vidtory. The Marflial de Crequi efcaped with much 
 Difficulty and threw himfelf with the Remainder of his Troops 
 into Frenees ; being firmly refolved, rather to bury himfelf in the 
 Ruins of that City, than to furrender. Hereupon George William 
 refumed the Siege, which on Account of the Refiflance made by 
 the Enemy was very bloody, and lafted near four Weeks. 
 At length the Garrifon, having dwindled away to 1500 
 Men, thought proper to capitulate, and obtained Leave to re- 
 treat. The Marflial de Crequi on his Part, would neither hear 
 of a Capitulation nor fign it, when it was prefented to him by 
 his Officers, but retired with three or four hundred Men into 
 the Body of the Cathedral Church, and from thence to the 
 Tower, where he was taken Prifoner with thofe that had fol- 
 lowed him thither. 
 
 This remarkable Succefs having. re-eftablifhed the Affairs of 
 the Allies, the Empire as well as the other Potentates, who wifh- 
 ed well to the common Caufe, expreffed a particular Joy on this 
 Occafion j fo that George William was almoft wholly taken upon 
 
 for 
 
. Memoirs of the Houfe ^/'Brunswick. 3^3 
 
 for fome Time, in returning Anfwers to the many Meffages and Houfe of 
 Letters of Thanks and Felicitation, that were fent him from all Luneburg. 
 Parts. He difpatched the Count of Lippe to the Emperor with 
 Orders, to give him an Account of his Vidtory, as well as of 
 the Conqueft of the City of ‘Treves^ and to prefent him. with 
 feventeen Standards and Colours out of feventy two, that were 
 taken from the Enemy. In Memory of thefe his glorious Feats 
 of War, a Medal was flruck with the Head of the Duke on one 
 Side, and on the other a triumphal Chariot, drawn by two Leo- 
 pards ; in which his Highnefs is reprefented fitting with a Scep- 
 ter in his Hand, and attended by Soldiers armed with Piques and 
 Mufkets ; above all which the Sun appears in its greatefi: 
 
 Luftre, with the following Infcription. Fortitudmis Framium 
 Immortalitas. In the Exergue are thefe Verfes. 
 
 Hunc F’ibi Dux partum Galldrum clade triu?nphum , 
 
 Tdejiatur manibus Crequius ipfe datis. 
 
 The War now began to bear a different Afpedf. Charles IL^ 
 
 King of England^ having reaped but little Advantage from it, 
 and his Parliament refufing to grant Subfidies for continuing it, 
 made Peace with the Dutch. The Eledlor of Cologn and the 
 Bifhop of Munjler foon followed his Example j whereby France^, 
 being left alone, found it expedient to make an Alliance with 
 Charles XI. King of Sueden^ who thereupon pafled the Baltick, 
 and fell on the Territories of the Eledlor of Brandenburg, This 
 Prince, who, as has been faid, was an Ally to the common 1 
 Caufe, was hereby obliged to withdraw his Troops from the 
 Rhine^ in order to fuccour his own Dominions. Thus there 
 c^me to be two diflindl Scenes of War j the Emperor, Spain^ . 
 and Holland, adled againfl Frajtce ; whereas Denmark, Lune- 
 burg, Brandenburg and Munjler, which now joined with the 
 Allies, faced the King of Sueden, whom the Diet had declared 
 an Enemy of the Empire, 
 
 As 
 
374 
 
 The Houfe of 
 
 Brunfwick 
 
 Luncburg, 
 
 1675. 
 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe Brunswick. 
 
 As this Monarch had a large Body of Troops in the Dutchles 
 of Bremen and Verden, the Conqueft of thefe was left to Duke 
 George William. Hereupon he made a fecond Campain that 
 very Year ; for having withdrawn a Part of his Army from the 
 Allies, he joined it to the Troops in his Dominions, and to fome 
 Auxiliaries fent him from Munjier j at the Head of which he 
 marched into the Dutchy of Bremen, and immediately feized up- 
 on Buxtehude. The Fortrefs of Stade being the moft important 
 Place in this Country, feveral of his Generals were of Opinion to 
 reduce it by a Bombardment, to which this great Prince refiifed 
 to give his Confent ; it being a conftant Maxim with him, in all 
 his Expeditions, “ to prote<fl: rather than cieftroy the Inhabitants 
 “ of an Enemy’s Country, and that no Victory was worthy of 
 
 Fame, but fuch a one, as brought Conqucft without rendering 
 “ the Vanquifhed miferable”. He blocked up that Fortrefs, and 
 continued the Blockade before it to the Summer following, when 
 it furrendered j after which he made himfelf Mailer of all Bre- 
 men and Verden. 
 
 Whilft he was thus employed againft Sueden, thofe of his 
 Troops that remained with the Allies, continued to adl againft 
 the French. They behaved according to their ufual Intrepidity, 
 and fhared in the Conqueft of the Fortrefs of Philipsburg. Not- 
 withftanding that the Seafon was already far advanced, when 
 Stade and the other Places in the Dutchies of Bremen and Verden 
 furrendered, his Highnefs, at the Requeft of the Allies, marched 
 to the Rhine in the Month of September and being joined there 
 by a Body of Imperiahfts under General Dunewald, advanced to- 
 wards Deux Fonts, in order to make a Diveriion. His Endea- 
 vours were fuccefsful, the French divided their Forces, and the 
 Marflial de Crequi, whom he had releafed on his Parole of Ho- 
 nour, drew thither with an Army of 20,000 Men. But it be- 
 ing then already the Month of Nomember, and no Magazines 
 having been ereded in the Neighbourhood for the Subfiftence of 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 3 -7 ^ 
 
 the Army, contrary to the Promifes that had been given him, The Houfe of 
 it was not in his Power to undertake any Thing of Moment. LuneSrJ 
 
 The Eledtor of Brandenburgs who on his Part adted againft 
 the Suedes in Pomeranias had by this Time almoft fubdued that 
 Province, and formed now the Defign of befieging the Fortrefs 
 of Stettin \ when the Emperor, on account of the Troubles 
 that commenced in Hungarys recalled the Auxiliaries he had 
 fent to him againft the Suedes. Duke George Williams agreeable 
 to his wonted Heartinefs in the common Caufe, engaged himfelf 
 to fuccour the Eledtor,, and accordingly fent a conliderable Body 
 of Troops to his Affiftance j which inabled him, after a furious 
 Siege of fix Months, to make himfelf Mafter of Stettin, and in 
 the folio wing Year, to reduce the Ifland of Rugen, the City of 
 Stralfund, and that of Grypfwalde j which was the laft City 
 Sueden poiTeffed in Pomerania. 
 
 Thefe repeated Succeffes made France, as well as Sueden, at 
 length grow tired of the War. Negotiations were fet on Foot, and 
 a Peace was concluded 2XNimeguen the Year following. Both 167^.. 
 Houfes of Wolffenbuttel and of Luneburg, on account of the Con- 
 quefts they had made upon Sueden during this War, entered into 
 a particular Negotiation with the two Crowns at Xelle ; in which 
 Sueden yielded to the faid Houfes the Bailiwick of Phedinghaufen 
 in the Dutchy of Bremen, and the Provoftfhip of Dor'uerden in the 
 Dutchy of Verden, with the Diftridt between the Wefer and Alien- 
 belonging to it ; at the fame Time renouncing all the Rents, the 
 Sees, now Dutchies of Bremen and Verden, formerly received, 
 from the Countries of Brunfwick and Luneburg. 
 
 The King of Denmark, who had powerfully adted during this. 
 
 War againft Sueden, having alfo ftruck up a Peace with that 
 Crown, now bent his Forces againft the City of Hamburg, with> 
 an Intent to oblige its Inhabitants to do him Homage. The 
 vaft Power, Denmark then had on Foot, both by Sea and Land,, 
 gave Room to the Hamburghers to look upon their Freedom as 
 almoft irrecoverably loft. In this their Diftrcfs they implored' 
 
 the- 
 
37 ^“ 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe <?/'Brunswick. 
 
 The Houfe of the Aid of Duke George William^ who, in Conjundion with 
 L™nebu-^g. Houfe of haftened to their Affiftance; by which 
 Step, and his unwearied Efforts with the King of Denmark in 
 Favour of the City, he faved its Freedom, which was fecured 
 anew by a Treaty, concluded at Pinneberg in the fame Year. 
 
 The greateft Part of Europe enjoying a profound Peace at this 
 Jundure, William Prince of Orange^ afterwards King of En- 
 
 1680. glaridy paid a Vifit to Duke George Williamy which was returned 
 
 1681. by the Duke the Year following. The greateft Part of the 
 Converfations that pafted between thefe two Princes, who equally 
 had the Tranquillity of Europe at Heart, turned upon the vaft 
 Defigns of the Court of France^ which at that Time began to 
 difcover themfelves, and gave Occafion to lament the Conclufion 
 of the Peace o{ Nimeguen, Lewis XIV, who by Means of this 
 Peace had broke the Alliance of the Powers leagued againft him, 
 took Advantage of the War, the Emperor waged againft the 
 Malecontents in Hungary ^ and the Lurksy who aflifted them. 
 He felzed upon the Places he liked beft in the Netherlands and 
 on the Rhiney and pretended to perfuade the World, notwith- 
 ftanding thefe Hoftilities, that he did not thereby infringe the 
 Peaces of Wejiphalia and Nimeguen. He built new Fortreffes on 
 the Confines of Germanyy and forced the Eledor of Lreves, to 
 pull down the Fortifications of that City j telling him, that he 
 was under his Protedion, and therefore had no Need of Walls 
 or Ramparts. The two Chambers of Reuniony which he fet 
 up in Order to find out, what Provinces of the Empire had for- 
 merly belonged to Francey pronounced whatever he pleafed, 
 which accordingly was put in Execution. When Reprefenta- 
 tions were made to the French Commanders concerning the In- 
 juftice of thefe Proceedings, all the Anfwer they returned was, 
 Vous avez raifony mats c'eji I' or dr e du Roiy Tou are in the Right y 
 but it is the King's Order. Thus the Ten Free Imperial Cities in 
 Alfatia were feized upon, among which Strajhurgy the prin- 
 4cipal of them, furrendered without firing a Gun. Moreover, 
 
 Lewis 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 377 
 
 Lewis fummoned the Marggrave of Baden^ the Duke of Mont- The Houfe d 
 belliardy and the Princes Palatine of Deux Fonts, Birckenfeld, LuTe^'r^g. 
 and Veldentz, to do him Homage j and thofe that refufed to 
 comply, were obliged to quit their Dominions. 
 
 This was the Situation, the Empire was in during the War, 
 the Emperor and the Empire had with the Turks. Duke George 
 William had a large Body of his Troops in the Imperial Army, 
 which was the Cafe of the greateft Part of the Princes of G^r- 
 many. The Empire not being in a Condition to ftop the Progrefs 
 of Lewis XIV, found itfelf under a Neceflity, to enter into a Ne- 
 gotiation with him at Ratijbon'y in Confequence whereof a Truce 1684. 
 was concluded for 20 Years, and all the Acquilitions, he had 
 made in the Netherlands and in Germany, were left him. The 
 Reafon, why Fra?ice at this Time accepted of a Truce, and did 
 not rather continue to take Advantage of the'War, that was car- 
 ried on by the Empire againft the Turks, feems to be myfterious. 
 
 If we may credit a certain French Author, Lewis XIV, 
 flood ftill like the Sun at Gibeon, on Purpofe, that ^ofhua, where- 
 by was meant the Emperor Leopold, might purfue and rout 
 the Turks', but it is more probable, that the then already 
 concerted Scheme for profecuting the Protejiants in France, 
 was the chief Reafon for his coming to an Agreement with the 
 Empire. 
 
 However that be, this Truce gave the Empire an Opportunity 
 to exert itfelf powerfully againft the Turks. Although George 
 William did not take the Field in Perfon againft them, his Kin- 
 dred, chiefly his Nephew George Lewis, afterwards King of 
 Engla?id, had a great Share in the glorious Tranfadlions of this 
 War, which we fhall relate, as far as concerns him, in its Place. 
 
 In the mean- while, the Hamburghers had again an Opportunity i685,' 
 to experience George William'^ Goodnefs, and that he really was 
 their chief Protedor in all Emergencies. A Divilion that arofe 
 among them, furnifhed, it feems, a plaufible Pretence to fome of 
 the Burghers to invite the King of Denmark to take Poflef- 
 
 C c c fion 
 
3?8 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 The Houfe of fion of the City, and it is allowed on all Hands, that this would 
 Lune^^rg. happened, had not George William feafonably thrown a fuffi- 
 
 cient Body of Troops into the Cityj whereby he once more 
 j688. preferved its Freedom. Two Years after he {hewed the fame 
 Zeal in Behalf of the Duke of Holjiein-Gottorp^ who had been 
 defpoiled of his Dominions by the King of Denmark, He marched 
 a Body of Troops in his Favour, which was of great Service 
 to him ; For hereby and his good Offices with tlie King, he 
 procured his Re-effablifhment in the Dutchy of Holjiein^ by a 
 1689. Treaty concluded between them at Altena. The Emperor Leo- 
 pold was fo much pleafed with this generous A6tion and the 
 Succefs that attended it, that in his Letters to him he expreffed 
 a great deal of Satisfadion, and acknowledged, that the whole 
 Empire was under a particular Obligation to him for this im- 
 portant Service, as the Tranquillity in the North of Germany 
 had thereby been effedually preferved. 
 
 The Prince of Orange who had already imparted to George 
 William his intended Expedition into England^ made him a 
 fecond Vifit at Zelle in the Year 1688 ; partly to take his Leave 
 of him, and partly to advife with him about the Particulars of 
 this Undertaking. So great was the Value this Prince had for 
 George Williamy both before and after his coming to the Crown 
 of England, that he laid hold of all Opportunities to cultivate 
 the Friendfhip, that had fubfifted between them for many Years, 
 oftentimes declaring, that he loved and refpeBed him as his Fa- 
 ther. George William in Return, gave the Prince of Orange 
 many Proofs of his inviolable Attachment. As he looked upon 
 the projeded Enterprize to be a Work, on which the Liberties 
 of England and all Europe intirely depended, he was the firft, 
 that encouraged him to execute it. He was not only ferviceable 
 to him on this Occafion by his Counfels, but like wife affifled 
 him with Money and Arms, and fent a confiderable Body of 
 Troops to Holland for the Ufe of his Expedition. 
 
 In 
 
Me^noirs of the Houfe of B ru n s wick. 379 
 
 In the meanwhile Lewis XIV. gave inconteftable Proofs, that The Houfe of 
 he was as little difpofed to keep the Truce made with the Em- Luneburg. 
 pire in 16H4, as he had been to obferve the Peace of Nimeguen. 
 
 Left an Opportunity ftiould be wanting for carrying on his ambi- 
 tious Defigns, he laid Claim to a Part of the Succeflion of Charles^ 
 
 Eledlor Palatine^ for Charlotta Elizabeth Dutchefs of Orleans^ 
 
 Sifter of that Prince j who died without Iftue, and was the laft 
 of the then Eledtoral Palatine Line. His Dominions by Right 
 devolved to the Branch of Neuburg^ not only by the Laws of the 
 Empire, but alfo by Family Facts made in the. Palatine Houfe, 
 which the Princefs, at her Marriage with the Duke of Orleans 
 had confirmed ; folemnly renouncing all and every Claim and 
 Pretenfion,that could or might be formed by her to the Palatinate. 
 
 It is remarkable, that at the Celebration of her Nuptials, all the 
 Natives of who at that Time refided \n France., were 
 elegantly entertained for three fuccefiive Days j but no Body 
 thought then, that the Palatinate in Time would dearly pay for 
 this Entertainment. Lewis XIV. notwithftandingthe Renunciation 
 of the Dutchefs of Orleans, over-ran the Palatinate like a Torrent, 
 his Troops feized on all the principal Cities, and not content with 
 the unheard-of Barbarities they committed on the Living, auda- 
 cioufiy infulted the Remains of the deceafed Eletftors j whom 
 they dug up out of their Graves at Heidelberg. The Princes of 
 the Empire finding themfelves obliged to take up Arms againft 
 France, George William fent the beft of his Troops to the Re- 
 lief of this unfortunate Country, and to oppofe the Difturber of 
 the common Tranquillity. The War became general: Spain, 
 
 England, Holland, and the Duke of Savoy, who all declared 
 againft Lewis, had each their particular Reafons for fo doing. 
 
 As they are too prolix, and befides foreign to our Purpofe, we 
 omit them, and ftiall content ourfelves to obferve here, that 
 the Troops of his Highnefs Duke George William much figna- 
 lized themfelves in the Siege of Mayence, and of Bonn, which 
 were taken from the French in the firft Year of their joining the 1689. 
 
 c c 2 Army 
 
380 
 
 The Houfe of 
 
 Brunfwick 
 
 Luneburg. 
 
 1692. 
 
 1701. 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick.. 
 
 Army j and that they fhared in the Lofs and Glory of this War, 
 till it was concluded by the Peace of Ryfwick in 1697. 
 
 King having afcended the Throne of England mth^ 
 
 Beginning of thefe military Tranfadiions, honoured his Friend, 
 Duke George William with the moft noble Order of the Garter, 
 and had an Interview with him in 1692 at the Hague ^ from 
 whence this Monarch went to the Army in the Netherlands^ 
 George William accompanying him as far as Notre Dame de Hall. 
 A few Weeks after, the King imparted to him by a Letter, 
 dated from the Camp, the lignal Vidlory the Engli/Jj Fleet had 
 obtained over the French near La Hogue^ on which Ac- 
 count publick Rejoicings were made at Zf*//?. ThcFriendfhip 
 that fubfifted between thefe two Princes, and the Interefi: Duke 
 George William took in all that happened favourable to the Bri- 
 tiJJj Nation, were fo great, that we apprehend to be tedious, 
 fliould we particularize every Inftance that occurs thereof in his 
 Life. It will be fufficient to intimate, that whenfoever the King 
 eroded the German Ocean, he either vilited Duke George Willi- 
 am in his Dominions, or was vifited by him at Loo. 
 
 Such having been for many Years his HighnelTes Rrid: At- 
 tachment to King William and the States he governed} well 
 might he take as a Reward Providence bellowed upon him for 
 the fame, what happened fome Years after } when the Britijh 
 Nation, falling in with the Sentiments of the glorious Protedlor 
 of their Religion and Liberties, provided for the Succeffion of the 
 Crown of England^ by folemnly declaring the Princefs Sophia^ 
 Eledlrefs and Dutchefs Dowager of Brunfwick Luneburg^ his 
 Siller-in-Law, next in Succeffion to that Crown, after the Death 
 of King William and the Princefs Ann. The A6l of Settlement, 
 which was carried over to Hanover by the Earl of Macclesfield 
 in the fame Year, with a Letter of Notification from King Wil- 
 liam to our Duke, gave new Vigour to his old Age, which then 
 •amounted to feventy feven. 
 
 It 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 381 
 
 It might have been expelled, as he was fo far advanced 
 Years, that this would have inclined him to fufpend the adtiveLuncburg. 
 Life he had led hitherto j but fo ftrong was the Inclination he 
 had to affifl and defend the OpprelTed, that it would not allow 
 him to reft. Hereof, as will be more particularly related here- 
 after, he gave a remarkable Inftance the Year before to the Houfe 
 of Holjiein-Gottorp. Frederic IV. King of Denmark having made 
 himfelf Mafter of Gottorp, Slefwick and Frederickjburg^ laid Siege 
 to the Fortrefs of Fonningen-y whereupon George Willi am y not- 
 withftanding his great Age, took himfelf the Field, and in Con- 
 jundlion with his Relations and Suedeny oppofed his Progrefs by 
 Land, whilft an EngliJJo and Dutch Squadron of Men of War fe- 
 conded him by Sea. So much Succefs attended thefe joint Ef- 
 forts, that the Tables were turned on the King of Denmark. 
 
 The Suedes made a Defcent upon his Dominions, whilft the 
 Lunehurghers with the other allied Troops relieved FonningeUy 
 fo that the Crown of Denmark was obliged to accept of a Peace, 
 which was concluded at Fraventhal in 1700, to the Satisfac- 
 tion of the Houfe of Holjiem-Gottorp. 
 
 Europe promifed itfelf fome Repofe, after that tedious and de- 
 ftrudive^War, which terminated in the Peace of Ryfwicky when 
 the Death of Charles II. King of Spain furnifhed Lewis XIV. 
 with a Pretence to embroil it anew. George William was one of 
 the Princes that entered into an Alliance with the Emperor, Eng- 
 landy and Hollandy againft him. His Troops, which a(fted in 
 Conjundtion with the Allies againft this Crown and the Eledtor® 
 of Bavariay made themfelves famous in the Attacks, Battles and 
 Siege, that happened in this War, and contributed much to the 
 Defeat of the Enemy on the Schellenbergy and at Hochjicedt or 
 Blenheim. 
 
 By thefe great and noble Adlions George WilliatUy doubtlefs, 
 added a confiderable Luftreto his Family : But this, was not the 
 foie Advantage his auguft Houfe reaped from his valiant and 
 prudent Condudl j he moreover increafed its Power, and fortu- 
 nately 
 
3 S 2 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 The Houfe of nately acquired to it in 1689, theDutchyof Saxe Lauenburg^ 
 Luneburg which had been withheld from his Family for many Centuries. 
 
 This Country, we find, was In ancient Times, inhabited by the 
 particularly by a Branch of that Nation, called Polabi^who 
 had Ratzeburg for their Capital. Henry the Proud on his com- 
 ing to the PofiTeffionof Saxo 7 iy in 1136, extended his Domini- 
 - ons on the other Side of the River Pilbe^ as far as Lubeck j where- 
 by the Country of the Polabi came under his Subjedlion, and in 
 refpe€l to the other Saxony y was then called the Lower Saxony, 
 Henry the Lyon his Son, prefer ved all Saxony for a confiderable 
 Time j but when afterwards he came to be unfortunate, his Ene- 
 mies, as has been faid above, fhared his large Dominions between 
 them ; among whom Bernhard of the Houfe of Afcania or An- 
 halt, youngeft Son of Albert the Bear, got that Part of his States, 
 which now is called the Eledlorate of Saxony, with the Dutchy 
 of Saxe Lauenburg, As he was fenfible, it would be a hard Mat- 
 ter for him to keep thefe Polfeffions, particularly the laft Dutchy, 
 he without Lofs of Time erected aFortrefs on the Elbe-, which 
 River being called by the Veneds the Lawe, the Fortrefs received 
 the Name of Lawenburg or Lauenburg, and at length the whole 
 Dutchy pafiTed under that Denomination. He attempted like- 
 wife to feize on other Provinces belonging to Henry the Lyon, 
 but miffed his Aim ; however, his Brother Sigfried, who then 
 was Arch-Bifhop of Bremen, fubdued in his Favour the Hadeler 
 Land, or Hadelia, fituated on the German Ocean, which Bern- 
 hard incorporated with the Dutchy of Saxe Lauenburg. 
 
 Henry the Lyon, at his Return from England, reconquered 
 Saxe Lauenburg, but he remained not long Mafter of it nor 
 could the King of Denmark and the Dukes of Holjlein, who 
 afterwards difputed this Dutchy with each other, keep Poffeflioii 
 of it ; fo that the Afcanian Race at length firmly eftablifhed 
 itfelf therein. Bernhard'^ Pofterity foon after divided his Acquifiti- 
 ons between them, and conftituted two Lines j whereof one had 
 thofe Territories, which now are called the Eledlorate of Saxo- 
 ny* 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 38 j 
 
 nyy and the other the Dutchy of Saxe Lauenburg. On the Ex-The Houfe of 
 tindtion of the elder Branch, which happened in 1422. by 
 Death of Albert III. laft Elector of Saxony of the Afcanian Race, 
 the Claims of the Houfe of Brunfwick to his PolTeffions were fet 
 ahde, as has been related above. The younger Branch, which 
 poffelTed the Dutchy of Saxe Lauenburgy continued to the Year 
 1689, vfhQTi Francis Julius y the laft of that Line, died without 
 Male liTue. Befides the natural Pretenlions the Houfe of Brunf-- 
 wick had to this Dutchy, on account of its being one of their 
 ancient paternal States, it had, in order to corroborate its Right, 
 entered in 1369 into Family Padts with the then Duke of Saxe 
 Lauenburgy whereby the Succeffion to that Dutchy was fettled in. 
 its Favour, on Failure of Male Iffue of the Dukes of Saxe Lau- 
 enburg j which Family Padts Julius Henry y and Francis Julius 
 the laft Pofteflbr, confirrned in the Years 1661 and 1683. 
 
 However, feveral Clainiants appeared at the Extindtion of the 
 Male Line of this Houfe, among whom John George III. Eledlor 
 of Saxony y was the principal j but George William being fenfible 
 that his Pretenlions were much better grounded, put himfelf in 
 Polieffion of that Dutchy. The Eledlor of Saxony neverthelefs 
 continued his Claim, which induced George WilUamy from a lau- 
 dable Motive of preferving Peace with his Neighbours, to enter, 
 into an Agreement with him, in confequence whereof he paid a. 
 
 Sum of one Million and one hundred thoufand BheniJJo Florins 
 to the Eledlor j who, in Conlideration thereof, gave up his Pre- 
 tenfions, referving however to his Houfe the Succeffion. to that 
 Dutchy, on Failure of both Lines of the Houfe of Brunfwick, 
 
 As for the Country called Hadeliay though it was undoubtedly 
 dependent on Saxe Lauenburgy it was put under Sequeftration, 
 till the Pretenlions laid to it by feveral Claimants could be adjuft- 
 ed. In this State it remained to the Year 1731, when it alfo 
 came to be delivered up to the Houfe of Brunfwick Luneburg, 
 
 We ought not to omit, that Duke George William generoully 
 gave an Afylum in the City of Luneburg to the ProteJlantSy that 
 
 were. 
 
3^4 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 The Houfe of were obliged to leave on Account of their Religion. 
 
 Luneburg early as in the Year 1684, before the Repeal 
 
 of the Edidl of Nantes, wherefore he is to be looked upon as 
 the firft Prince in Germany, that exerted himfclf in Behalf of 
 thefe unfortunate People. To his Protediion, we find, that 
 King William, then Prince of Orange, recommended them, 
 and as he was naturally difpofed to aflift the Opprefled, efpeci- 
 ally thofe who were fo on Account of Religion, he thought him- 
 felf much obliged to that Prince, for giving him an Opportunity 
 to difplay his favourite Inclination. And, indeed, what Em- 
 ployment could be more agreeable than this to a Prince of his 
 Character ; who during the Courfe of a long and happy Reign, 
 had diftinguilhed himfelf by fingular A(fts of Beneficence and 
 Generofity, and who confidered the Bleffings bellowed upon him 
 by Providence In no other Light, than as a Treafure intrufted 
 to him for the Good of Mankind ? It appeared llrange to him, 
 that there could be found People weak enough to advife a Prince, 
 to turn faithful Subjcdls out of his Realms for no other Fault, 
 than that of differing from him in Matters of Religion j whereby 
 not only a Country comes to be robbed of an effential Part of 
 its Riches, but the Authors of fuch unnatural Meafures bring an 
 eternal Blemifh on their Memory: For fliould thefe Exiles have 
 the Misfortune, not to find others, whofe Sentiments are confor- 
 mable to theirs, and fhould all the Nations where they take Re- 
 fuge,be of the fame Way of thinking with thofe, who have turned 
 them out, they mull of Neceflity be obliged either to run head- 
 long into the Sea, or to make away with themfelves in fome 
 other Shape. Now to compel Men to fuch Extremities, is ma- 
 nifedly inconfiflent with the Laws of Humanity j fince every 
 Body, who has not deferved Death, has a natural Claim to a 
 Place in this World, by the Appointment both of God and Man. 
 
 George William was a great Lover of Hunting and bore the 
 Fatigues of it, even to extreme old Age. Having in the Month 
 of Auguji in the Year 1705 overheated himfelf at this Exercife, 
 
 his 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 385 
 
 his Phyficians, to prevent the Confequences, adminiftred Me- Houfe of 
 dicines to him j thefe had not however the ddired EfFedl, on Juneburg. 
 Account of a hidden Change that happened in the Weather. He 
 was feized with a Cholick, followed by a Retention of Urine 
 and an Averfion to all Aliments, which continued for feveral 
 Weeks, and at Length put a Period to his Life, in the eighty 
 fecond Year of his Age. The Reader will doubtlefs think it i70f. 
 unneceffary to draw a formal Charadler of this excellent Prince, 
 as his many great and worthy Adlions are fo obvious, and as the 
 Sketch we have given of them fufficiently denotes his tranfcendent 
 Merit. However, we may be allowed to add fome few Hints 
 to what has been already faid upon that Subjedl, efpecially as 
 they come from fuch as had the Honour of being perfonally ac- 
 quainted with him. He was remarkable for being of an eafy 
 Accefs, and whoever approached his Perfon returned fatisfied. 
 
 Flatterers indeed, ceremonious People, and thofe that fpoke ill 
 of the Abfent, were not welcome at his Court, becaufe he had 
 all the Contempt and Averfion for them, they deferved. Dif- 
 fembling and Affedtation he had the greatell: Abhorrence for; 
 his Word was equal to a Bond, and a Secret intrufted to him 
 might be looked upon as buried in Oblivion. The Reputation 
 he acquired among the Princes of his Time, made his Couniels 
 to be revered as Oracles, and his Decifions as Maxims; his Pre- 
 fence pacified Divifions, gave Credit to Enterprizes, and a happy 
 Ifiue to military Exploits. As never Prince was more beloved, 
 fo his Death was univerfally dreaded by his Subjedts. During 
 his laft Illnefs, they crowded to the Churches to offer up Prayers 
 for his Recovery, thinking, that having him, they had all, and 
 that their Felicity was as it were, tied to the Continuance of his 
 Reign. He left no Iffue by his Confort Eleanor of the Houfe of 
 Olbreufe in Ft'ance, but one Daughter Sophia Dorothy, married 
 to his Nephew George Lewis, Eledlor of Brunjwick Luneburg, 
 afterwards King of Great Britain, who inherited his Dominions. 
 
 Ddd 
 
 JOHN 
 
386 
 
 The Houfe of 
 
 Brunfwick 
 
 Luneburg. 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 JOHN FREDERIC. 
 
 Table VIII. 
 
 1651. 
 
 ] 668 . 
 
 1^72. 
 
 1675. 
 
 1676. 
 
 yohn Frederic v/as the third Son of George mentioned above. 
 He accompanied his Brother George William in his Travels into 
 Holland and England. At their Return to Holland^ he continued 
 his Travels by himfelf to France and Italy^ and was in great 
 Danger of his Life in pafling by Sea from Marfeilles to Genoa. 
 In the Year 1646, he ferved as a Volunteer under the Prince of 
 Orange againft Spain ^ and in 1649, ^ fecond Tour into 
 
 Italy-, where he was prevailed upon to embrace Roman Ca- 
 tholick Religion. 
 
 Some Years after his coming to the Regency of the Principa- 
 lities of Calenberg and Grubenhagen, he fent a Body of his 
 Troops to the Affiftanceof the Venetians in Candia, and in 1670 
 finilhed the Fortifications of the City of Hameln, which he had 
 begun to build at a great Expence in the Year 1666. 
 
 When France and England commenced the War againft Hol- 
 land, feveral Princes of the Empire were interefted in it, and 
 John Frederic, for the Security of his Dominions entered with 
 Lewis XIV. into a Defenfive Alliance. The Year following 
 the Circle of Wejiphalia becoming in a Manner the Seat of War, 
 yohn Frederic renewed his Alliance with France-, however with 
 Refer vation to the Conftitution of the Empire, and levied an 
 Army, in order to prevent the Devaftation of his Dominions, and 
 to reftore publick Tranquillity. But when feme Time after the 
 Affairs in Germany and in the North took a new Turn, he con- 
 cluded a Treaty with Denmark, the Elector of Brandenburg, 
 and the Bifhop of Munjler, whereby he engaged to obferve a 
 Neutrality during the War. Hereto France agreed by a new 
 Convention made immediately after with his Highnefs, in order 
 to give a greater Weight to his Mediation for reftoring a general 
 Peace between the Powers at War. The Eledor of Brandenburg 
 
 after 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 387 
 
 Brunfwick 
 
 Limeburg. 
 
 1679. 
 
 after this, made Efforts to bring him over to the Alliance againftThe Houfe of 
 France^ which however he declined, and continued to obferve 
 an exad: Neutrality to the End of the War. 
 
 Although he had feen Italy twice daring the Time of his 
 Reign, a Peace being now concluded at Nimrgiien^ he fet out 
 for that Country for the fifth Time, bat died on his Journey 
 thither at Augjburg, in the 55th Year of his Age. Elis Body 
 was conveyed to Hanover^ and his Funeral performed there with 
 all the Magnificence that was due to his Rank and Dignity. 
 
 Lewis XIV. King of France, who knew him perfonally, ufed 
 to fay, that he had heard much of his Juperior Parts, but that 
 whatfoever Fame had fpread abroad on that Score, did not come 
 up to what he had himfelf experienced in his private Converfations 
 with him. That yohn Frederic deferved this Encomium, is at- 
 tefted by Authors of various Nations. They extoll him not only 
 on Account of his great Abilities, but likewife for his encou- 
 raging virtuous Aftions, and for the Liberality he fhewed to Men 
 of Merit; who were fo welcome to him, that no Recommen- 
 dation was required to introduce them, nor did he make any 
 Diftinftion whether they were Natives or Foreigners. He had 
 no Iffue by Benedidla Henrietta Philippina,'Dz\s^X.^v of Edward 
 Prince Palatine of the Line of Simmern, but two Daughters. 
 
 The eldeft, Charlotta Felicitas, was married to Reinald Duke of 
 Modena, whereby the Relation of two Branches defcended from 
 one common Stock, was renewed after a Term of near Seven 
 Hundred Years; the youngeft, Wilhelmina Amalia, was Confort 
 to the Emperor Jofeph. Ernefl Augufus fucceeded his Brother 
 John Frederic in his Dominions. 
 
 ERNEST AUGUSTUS. 
 
 Ernejl Augujius, the youngeft Son of George abovementioned. Table VIII. 
 was but twelve Years old at the Time of his Father’s Deceafe. 
 
 As he difcovered a very early Inclination to Learning, he was 
 
 D d d 2 fent 
 
388 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 TheHoufeof fent to the Univerfity of Marpurg^ where he went through his 
 tuneburg. Studies, and was complimented with the Redorfhip of that 
 Univerfity. He improved his Knowledge afterwards by tra- 
 velling into Holland^ England^ France^ Spain^ and Italy. 
 
 It has been obferved above, that on the Conclufion of the 
 Peace of Wejiphalia^ both Houfes of Brunfwick Wolffenbuttdy 
 and of Brunfwick Luneburg^ gave up their Rights to the Coad- 
 jutorjhips of the Arch-Bifhopricks of Magdeburg and of Bremen^ 
 and of the Bifhopricks of Halber/iadt and of Ratzehurg^ and 
 that as an Equivalent for this Renunciation, the alternate Succef- 
 fion in the Biihoprick of Ofnabruck was granted them. In Con- 
 fequence of this Agreement, Erneji Augujius fucceeded to this 
 Bifiioprick after the Death of Francis William^ Cardinal of 
 Wartemherg^ who had been allowed by the fame Peace to enjoy 
 it for his Life. During the Troubles in Germany^ the Citizens 
 of Ofnabruck had more than once emancipated themfelves from 
 the Obedience due to their Bifhops, who on that Account kept 
 their Refidence at Iburg: On Erneji Augujius' s fucceedingto that 
 Bilhoprick, the OJnabruckers fubmitted to him, and he there- 
 upon fettled his Refidence at Ofnabruck j where he built a fine 
 Palace at his own Charge. 
 
 His Court, like that of the Eledlor of Mayence^ was called 
 Aula laboriofa^ on account of the Share he had in all the publick 
 Tranfadlions, that happened in his Time, and the Pains he was 
 at in promoting Peace and Tranquillity. The Citizens of Er- 
 furt in Fburingen^ having incurred the Difpleafure of the Eledtor 
 of Mayence^ for refufing to pray for him in their Churches, and 
 having drawn upon themfelves the Ban of the Empire, on Ac- 
 count of feveral violent Proceedings they were charged with, as 
 well as for abufingan Imperial Herald; the Eledtor made him- 
 1664. felf Mafter of that City, by the Affiftance of a Body of French 
 Troops, who at that Time were returning from Hungary, where 
 they had ferved againfi: the Turks . As the Protejiant Religion, 
 by this City’s fidling into the Hands of a Roman Catholick, was 
 
 threatened 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 389 
 
 threatened with imminent Danger, Erneji Augujius^ in Con- 
 junftion with other Profejlant Princes, interpofed in Behalf of Luneburg. 
 the Citizens ; whereby the free Exercife of the Protejiant Reli- 
 gion was fecured in that City, and feveral of the Privileges the 
 Inhabitants had hitherto enjoyed, were preferved. to them. 
 
 We find, that it was alfo by his Interpofition, that the Dif- 
 ferences between his Brothers George William and yohn Fre- 
 deriCy concerning the Succefiion of Chrifiian Lewis, mentioned 
 above, were amicably adjulfedj he likewife concurred in bringing 
 the Bifliop of Munjier to rclinquifh the War, carried on by him* 1666. 
 againfi; the Dutch and was inftrumental in terminating the Dif- 
 ferences the Houfe of Brunfwick Wolffenbuttel had with this Bi- 
 fhop about the Protecftorlhip of the City of Hoxter. The Sue- 1671. 
 cefs, that attended his Endeavours in thefe different Tranfac- 
 tions, procured him the Efieem of all the Powers of Europe. 
 
 Having fliortly after made a Tour to Venice, he was obliged- 
 thence to haften back, on Account of the Troubles, that me- 
 naced Germany from the War, which France, England, Cohgn 
 and Munjier meditated, and at Length waged againfi Holland. 167a., 
 
 The Eledlor of Brandenburg fiding with the Dutch, his Domi- 
 nions in the Circle of Wejiphalia were overrun by the French, 
 who advanced as far as the Wefer-, at the fame Time that the 
 Imperialifls in Alliance with the Dutch, entered alfo Wejiphalia. 
 
 As the Bifhoprick of Ofnabruck was thereby threatened with an . 
 
 Invalion, Erneji Augijlus accepted of a Neutrality; this how- 
 ever did not hinder him from employing all his Dexterity, to 
 free the Circle of Wejiphalia from the Burden of the War. What 
 he fo much defired was at length brought about; France evacu- 
 ated it,, agreeable to a Treaty, concluded between that Crown 1673, 
 and the Eledor of Brandenburg at Vojj'em. There were great 
 Hopes at this Time, that a general Peace would take Place, for 
 the negotiating of which the City of Cologn was appointed. 
 
 Thither Erneji Augujlus fent his Miniflers, who in Conjundion 
 with thpfe of the other Powers, made Propofals for an Accom-^ 
 
 modation. . 
 
390 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe o/’ B runswick. 
 
 The Houfe.of modation. However they were difappointed in their Expec- 
 Luncb^^^ 'tations: For the Emperor having during the Congrefs feized 
 the Prince of Furjienberg^ who claimed the Charadter of the 
 1674. Eledtor of Cologn's Plenipotentiary, France confidered this Step 
 as a Breach of the Law of Nations; fo that his Envoys as well 
 as thofe of the other Powers retired without concluding any 
 Thing. 
 
 The Empire now declared War againft France^ and Ernejl 
 =1675. Augujlus acceded to the Alliance concluded between the States- 
 Generaly the Emperor, Spain, and other Powers againft that 
 Crown. He took himfelf the Field, and made a Campain on 
 the Rhine and on the Mofelle, where he affifted at the Siege of 
 Treves and at the Battle, which preceded the Surrender of that City 
 1^76. and the Taking of the Marflial de Crequi. The Year following 
 he adled in the Netherlands with William Prince of Orange^ af- 
 terwards King of England^ who commanded the allied Army. 
 Here he aflifted at the Siege of Majiricht^ and carried on an At- 
 tack himfelf on the Side of the Meufe, The Befiegers were al- 
 ready far advanced in their Approaches, when the Engineers dif- 
 agreeing among themfelves, and a Diftemper raging among the 
 Troops, the Army was obliged to raife the Siege ; at the very 
 Time they received News, that a Body of Troops was on the 
 March to reinforce the Enemy. However, this Advantage re- 
 fulted from the Undertaking of the Allies again ft Majlrichty that 
 the French having been obliged to draw a Pwt of their Forces 
 from the Rhine ^ were not in a Condition to relieve the Fortrefs of 
 Philipjburgy which immediately after furrendered. The Siege 
 1^77. which the Allies laid the Year after to Charleroy^ and at which 
 Ernejl Augujlus affifted likewife, was unfuccefsful ; on railing it, 
 he was for giving the Enemy Battle ; his Advice was at firft agreed 
 to by all the Chiefs, but it came to be fet afide afterwards. In 
 '1 678. the following Campain the French were roughly ufed at St. Denis 
 near MonSy which gave Room to expect great Advantages from 
 the Continuance of the War ; when Advice came, that a feparate 
 
 Peace 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 391 
 
 Peace had been agreed upon between France and Holland. The The Houfe of 
 Empire likewife fhortly after came to Terms with the former, fo Lmie^'r^ 
 that an End was put to the War by the Peace concluded at KJ75. 
 Nimeguen. 
 
 About this Time Ernejl Augujlus inherited the Principality of 
 Calenberg, which devolved to him by the Death of John Fre^ 
 deric^ his Brother. In Confequence hereof he appointed a Re- 
 gency at Ofnabruckj and tranflated his Refidence to Hanover ; 
 where he foon after gave a remarkable Proof of his fuperior i<J8o. 
 Judgment as well as of his Concern for the Welfare of his Fa- 
 mily j by effectually putting a Stop to the pernicious Cuftom that 
 had hitherto prevailed in his Houfe of dividing and cantling out 
 tiae Dominions belonging to it. This Cuftom he entirely abo- 
 liflied by firmly eftablifhing the Right of Frimogeniture in the 
 Houfe of Brunfivick Luneburg, to which wife Determination 
 George William Duke of Zelle^ his only furviving Brother, rea- 
 dily concurred. 
 
 It has been mentioned above, that France^ notwithftanding 
 the Peace concluded at Nimeguen, difturbed again the Tranquillity 
 of the Empire foon after j which obliged Ernejl Augufus to put 
 himfelf in aState of Defence. We find, that the Houfes of Wolffen- 
 buttel2indi Luneburg kept on Foot in the Years 1683 and 1684, 
 an Army of 18,000 Foot and 9000 Horfe ; whereof Ernejl Au- 
 gujlus at his own Expence, entertained 10,000 Foot and 5000 
 Horfe ■ in his Dominions. Thefe Forces he confiderably aug- 
 mented afterwards, on Account of the large Succours which he 
 fent the following Years, to aflift the Emperor in Hungary, the 
 Venetians in Morea, and the Allies on the Rhine and in the 
 Netherlands. 
 
 Before we inform the Reader in what Manner Ernejl Augufus. 
 exerted himfelf in the Defence of the Empire on this Occafion, 
 it will.be neceflary to obferve, that when Lewis XIV. broke 
 the Truce concluded at Ratisbon in 1684, by feizing on the. 
 
 Palatinate, an Event happenedj which confiderably forwarded the 
 
 Execution 
 
392 Memoirs of the Houfe <^Bru n s wick. 
 
 The Houfe cf Execution of his ambitious Schemes. The Chapter of Cologn 
 
 LuTe^burg being divided in the Election of an Archbithop, thofe that were in 
 the French Intereft chofe William Egon Prince of Furjienberg^ 
 who was Bifhop of Strajburg ; whereas thofe of the Emperor’s 
 Party gave their Votes for Jofeph Clement Prince of Bavaria, 
 who was Bifliop of Ratijbon and of Preijtngen. Both Candidates, 
 having already Bifliopricks they might be po/iulated, but could 
 not be eleSted. Had they both continued on the Footing of 
 Pojlulandi, the Prince of Furjienberg would have had the Ma- 
 jority ; but the Pope gave the Prince of Bavaria a Difpenfation, 
 whereby he qualified him for being an Eligendus. Furjienberg, 
 according to the Canon Law, ftood in need of i6 Votes to be 
 duly pojlulated while the Prince of Bavaria needed but 8 Votes, 
 to be duly eleBed. At the Day of Eledion the Prince of Ba-^ 
 varia had his 8 Votes compleat, but the Prince of Furjien^ 
 berg wanted 2 , to make up the i6, that wererequifite for his be- 
 ing duly pojiulated. The Pope having immediately confirmed 
 the Eledion of the Prince of Bavaria, Furjienberg and his Par- 
 tizans invited the French to their Afliftance, and delivered the 
 whole Eledorate of Cologn into their Hands. This Occurrence 
 was of a prodigious Advantage to Lewis XIV, who having al- 
 ready feized on almoft all the Palatinate and on many Cities be- 
 yond it, came to be now poflcfied likewlfe of the Eledorate of 
 Cologn, and was on the Point of extending his Armies to Fran- 
 conia and to the Danube. 
 
 As none of Ernejl Augujlus'^ Territories bordered on thefe 
 Provinces invaded by France, he might have remained neuter j 
 but as a true Patriot he thought it his Duty to imbark in the com- 
 mon Caufe of Liberty. On this Account he ordered the French 
 Minifter refiding at his Court to depart his Dominions forthwith, 
 recalling at the fame time his own from Paris. A large Body 
 of his Troops ading in the Imperial Army in Hungary, and ano- 
 ther againft the Furks in Morea, he had but few regular Forces 
 at Hand, that could be employed againft the French. However, 
 
 as 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 39^ 
 
 as the Empire was in Danger, to lofe all its Provinces on the The Houfe of 
 Rhine, he made his utmoft Efforts to flop the Progrefs of Luneburg. 
 the Enemy. With this View he marched at the Head 
 of 8000 Men to the Mofelle^ and was joined there by feveral 
 Auxiliaries. He would have willingly relieved Philipjhurg^ then 
 befieged by the French^ but it being too late, that Scheme was 
 laid afide, and he confined himfelf to prevent the Enemies pene- 
 trating further into the Empire, and to fecure Coblejitz and Franc- 
 fort on the Main^ wherein he fucceeded. At the End of the 
 Campain, he left 4000 of his Troops on the Rhine^ under the 
 Command of his eldefl Son Prince George Lewisy and returned 
 with the Reft to his Dominions. 
 
 It has been faid in the Life of Duke George WiUiamy that 
 Englandy Spain^ Hollandy and Savoy, were concerned in this 
 War. Spain at this Time engaged Ernejl Augiifm to march 1(^89. 
 a Body of 8000 Men to the Netherlands. Whilft they were on 
 their March, Advice came that the French had pafted the Rhine 
 and entered Suabia, with an Intent to pufh their Conquefts into 
 Bavaria. The Allies, who then befieged Mayence-, would thus 
 have been obliged to raife that Siege, in order to follow the French. 
 
 To prevent this, the Emperor in Concert with the Eletftors of 
 Saxony and Bavaria, intreated Ernefi Augujlus to poftpone his 
 March to the Netherlands, and to join the confederate Army, 
 
 Hereupon he changed his Refolution and marched to the Rhme ; 
 which inabled the Allies to make themfelves Mafters of Maye?ice. 
 
 He afterwards joined this Body of Troops to thofe he had be- 
 fore in the allied Army, and refumed his March for the Nether- 
 lands. In pafling by Bonn, which the Eledor of Bra?idenburg 
 then befieged, he detached fome of his Regiments, to affift at the 
 Taking of that Fortrefs, which happened foon after. 
 
 The following Year he had a Body of 1 1000 Men in the Ne- 1690. 
 iherlands under the Command of his eldeft Son George Lewis, 
 who behaved with great Bravery near Fleury in that unfortunate 
 Battle, which the allied Army then under the Command of the 
 
 E e e Prince 
 
394 
 
 The Houfe 
 Brunfwick 
 Luneburg. 
 
 1691. 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 of Prince of Waldeck gave to the French. The Luneburg Troops, 
 who were not ufed to give Way, added to their Lofs by the 
 obftinate Refiftance they made j the Remainder returned to Lune- 
 burg at the End of the Campain. However they enjoyed but 
 a fhort Repofe. The Emperor as well as the Allies in the Ne~ 
 ther lands defired of Erneji Augtijius to reinforce their Armies, 
 to which he complied. He augmented the Troops he had in 
 Hungary with 5000 Men and fent another Body of 8000 to the 
 Netherlands y purfuant to a Treaty concluded with England and 
 Holland j although his own Dominions feemed to ftand in need 
 of them, on Account of a Conteft that happened between him 
 and Chrijiian V. King of Denmark. This Monarch taking 
 Umbrage at his fortifying the City of Ratzeburgy fent the follow- 
 ing Year an Army to bombard itj which Erneji Augujius for 
 Want of a fufficient Body of Troops was not able to prevent, fo 
 that he found himfelf obliged, for the Sake of preferving Tran- 
 quillity within his Dominions, to raze the Works he had been 
 ereding. 
 
 By what has been faid hitherto it appears, how much the 
 common Caufe was indebted to Erneji AiiguJiuSy fince he facri- 
 ficed to it his Dominions, his Treafure, his own Perfon, and 
 what was Rill dearer to him, his Children : two of them had loft 
 their Lives in thefe Wars ; whilft three others continued to ex- 
 pofe themfelves in the allied Armies againft the Furks and the 
 French. Thefe Circumftances being duly weighed, with the 
 important Services George William his Brother, had already done 
 and ftill did in Behalf of the allied Powers, it would have been 
 highly ungrateful in the Empire, had it been wanting in acknow- 
 ledging thefe Obligations. The Antiquity of the Houfe of Brunf- 
 'wick was incontrovertible ; it was known that it had been in an- 
 cient Times unjuftly defpoiled of a great Part of its vaft Poftef- 
 ftons ; and even at this Time the Houfe of Luneburg was efteem- 
 ed one of the moft confiderable in the Empire, for Wealth and 
 Power. Thefe Conftderations with thofe abovementioned had 
 
 prevailed 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 395 
 
 prevailed upon many of the Eleftors at the Aflembly they held at The Houfe of 
 Augjhurg in the Year 1689, where they met to confult about 
 the Elediion of a King of the Romam^ to declare this Houfe 
 worthy of a Place in the Eledoral College. Duke George fVil~ 
 
 Ham out of brotherly Affedion waved his Seniority, and re- 
 nounced in Favour of his younger Brother Erneji Augujius the 
 juft Claim he might have made to an Acknowledgment from 
 the Empire for his great Services ; thus the Emperor Le^ 
 opoldy who was willing to teftify his own Gratitude to the 
 Houfe of Luneburg^ caufed that important Affair at the Diet 
 held this Year at Ratijbon^ to be put to the Queftion in the i 6 gz. 
 College of Eledors ; where it was carried in the Affirmative by 
 a Majority of Voices, and the Refolve accordingly was drawn 
 up in Form to this Effed j “ That in Conlideration of the great 
 “ Merits of his Highnefs Erneji Augujius and of his Prede- 
 “ ceffors j as alfo of his Power, the confiderable Rank he held 
 “ in the Empire, the great Succours, which he had already 
 ** granted, and which he was willing to continue for the future, 
 
 “ and for other great and weighty Reafons, the Dignity of 
 “ Eledor of the Roman Empire ftiould be conferred upon him 
 “ and his Heirs Male”. 
 
 Againft this Refolve the College of Princes immediately en- 
 tered a Proteft. They were convinced as well as the Reft of 
 the Empire and all Europe^ that nothing but Juftice'was done to 
 his Eledoral Highnefs, and to the great Merits of his illuftrious 
 Houfe J neverthelefs they thought it their Intereft, to take this 
 Step, in order to preferve their Rights 3 which they looked upon 
 as infringed by the Eledoral College, which had preceded in this 
 Affair without demanding their Confent. Objedions were like- 
 wife made by feveral Princes of the Empire in particular againft 
 this new Dignity’s taking Place : However the Emperor in the 
 fame Year gave the folemn Inveftiture of iht Elebforal Dignify 
 to the Plenipotentiary of Erneji Augujius^ who was thereupon 
 acknowledged as Eledor by all the Powers that were not at 
 
 E e e 2 War 
 
396 
 
 The Houfe 
 Brunfwick 
 Lunebarg. 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 War with the Empire. The others afterwards acceded, and all 
 the three Colleges of the Empire have fince agreed to the Efta- 
 blifhment of this Electorate in the Houfe of B? unfwick Luneburg^ 
 with all the Formality and Strength, which the Laws of the 
 Empire can give it. 
 
 It being thought neceffary to annex a particular Office to this 
 Ninth Electorate, that of Arch-Standard-Bearer was chofen, 
 with this Provifo, that in Cafe the eighth Electorate became va- 
 cant, the Office of Arch-Treafurer ffiould pafs to this new Elec- 
 torate. The Right of Primogeniture^ eftabliffied in the Year 
 1680, in the Houfe of Brunfwick Luneburgy was at the fame 
 Time confirmed, and all Partitions that might be made hereaf- 
 ter of the States of the Electorate were declared to be void. The 
 States belonging to the Electorate were exprefly faid to be the 
 three Principalities of Zelky Calenbergy and Grubenhageny the 
 Counties of Hoyay and Diepholt, with all the Territories, Cities, 
 and Bailiwicks belonging thereto, and all thofe PoflTeffions the 
 two Broth ers George William and Ernejl Augujius at that Time 
 enjoyed. Befides the Vote, his Electoral Highnefs obtained in 
 the College of Electors by this new Dignity, his Houfe remained 
 in the Enjoyment of its three Votes in the College of Princes, 
 for the Principalities of ZellCy Calenbergy and Grubenhagen. 
 
 What we have obferved in the Life of George Williamy that 
 he took a particular Interefl in all the SuccelTes the Britijh Na- 
 tion met with, can be faid with equal Juftice of Ernejl Au- 
 gujius. There was no Country in Germanyy where more Re- 
 joycings were made on Account of the Naval Victory, which 
 the EngliJlj Fleet gained this Year over the French at La Hogue, 
 than in the Luneburg Dominions. The Cannon were difcharged 
 in all the Fortreffes of the Electorate, and among other publick 
 Marks of Joy exprelfed on that Occafion, Fire Works were 
 played off at Hanovery and Wine ran in the Streets. Good 
 Wiflies, Rejoycings and Congratulations were not, however, the 
 only Methods whereby this illuftrious Houfe teftified its Adherence 
 
 to 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe <?/ Brunswick. 397 
 
 to the Common Caufe; his Elcdoral Highnefs contributed ^ome-'^he^Houft of 
 thing more folid and effedtual towards promoting it. He continued Luneburg. 
 fending Reinforcements to the Imperial Army againft the T’urks^ 
 and to the Allies in the Netherlands j in which Country, during 
 the two laft Years of the War, he added to the Number of Aux- 1696, and 
 iliaries he had already there, a Body of 10000 Men. The Lu~ 
 neburgHvoo^s had their full Share in the Glory, as well as Hard- 
 fhips of the Campains that were made there, till the Peace of 
 Ryfwickj and diftinguifhed themfelves more efpecially at the 
 Battles of Stenkerken and Neerwinden^ and at the Siege of Na- 
 mur-, as did thofe, that ferved in Hungary, in the Actions that 
 happened between the Chrijiiam and the ’Turks, near Temefwar 
 and Zentha on the Theijfe. 
 
 We fhould have obferved before, according to due Order of 
 Time, that his Eledloral Highnefs and Chrifiian Eberhard Prince 
 of Eajl Friezland, with a View to provide againft all Difputes, 
 that might happen about their Succeffions, in Cafe either of their 
 refpe< 5 live Families fhould become extindt, entered in 1691 into 
 Family Padts; whereby it was agreed, that the Counties of Hoya 
 and Diepholt with their Dependencies, fhould be inherited by 
 the Houfe of Eaji Friezland, on the Extindtion of both Male 
 Lines of the Houfes of Luneburg Wolffenbuttel-, and on the 
 other Hand, in Cafe it happened, that the Male Line of EaJl . 
 Friezland failed, that then the Houfe of Luneburg, and upon 
 Failure of Male IlTue of that Family, the Houfe of Wolffenbut- 
 tel fhould be intitled to the Succeffion of the Principality of 
 Eajl Friezland.* Agreeable to thefe Padts, the Houfe of Lune- 
 burg ought to have inherited that Principality in the Year 1744, 
 when Charles Edzard Prince of Ea(i Friezhmd died, without 
 leaving any Male Poflerity; but the YJmg Prujia, laying 
 Claim to it, on Account of a Reverfion granted to the Houfe of 
 Brandenburg, by the Imperial Court in 1 694, pofleffed himfelf 
 of it to the Prejudice of the Houfe of Luneburg. This Step . 
 obliged the faid Houfe, to keep up its Right in full Force by a 
 
 formal . 
 
398 
 
 The Houfe ( 
 
 Brunfwick 
 
 Luneburg. 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 formal Proteft, and to fubmit the whole Difference to the De-^ 
 
 I termination of the Law j meanwhile, that it informed the Pub- 
 lick of the Grounds of its Claim by a Manifefto, which con- 
 tained not only a JuIHfication of the above Family Padts, but 
 likewife an Invalidation of the Plea, founded upon the Empe- 
 ror’s Grant of Reverfion. As to the firft of thefe two Heads, 
 it is faid, that upon examining the Nature of Fiefs, fituated in 
 Lower Gennanyy it will be found, that the Principality of Eaji 
 Friezland was an hereditary Fief, and confequently alienable by 
 its Poffeffor j that a Fief was known to be hereditary, when it 
 appeared, i. that its Owner, before it became a Fief, had poffeffed 
 it as his own free Property, and voluntarily offered it to the Em- 
 pire, to hold it as a Fief of itj becaufe in this Cafe, it could not 
 be prefumed, that its Poffeffor, having hitherto enjoyed it as his 
 hereditary Patrimony, with a Right of alienating it at Pleafure, 
 would, by fubjeding it to the Empire, have been willing to give 
 up the free Difpofal of it. 2. which is of ffill greater Moment, 
 when at theTime of its becoming a Fief, the Poffeffor exprefly 
 referves to himfelf, all the Rights and Advantages y which his An- 
 ceffors and himfelf had till then enjoyed. Either of thefe Cir- 
 cumftances being, by the Learned in the Feudal Laws of the 
 Empire, taken for undoubted Charadteriflicks of a Fief’s being 
 hereditary or alienable, it is faid in the above Manifefto, that 
 as both thefe Circumftances concurred in the prefent Cafe, it 
 could fo much tl.e lefs be controverted, that the Principality of 
 Laji Friezland was a Fief of this Kind; Ulrick Count of EaJi 
 Friezlandy who had poffeffed this Country as his free Property, 
 having in the Year 1454,, offered it to the Emperor Frederic III, 
 to hold it as a Fief of the Empire, and at the fame Time ex- 
 prefly referved to himfelf and his Heirs, all the Rights and Ad- 
 vantages he and his Ancejlors had before that Lime enjoyed-^ 
 whence it naturally followed, that Prince Chrijiian Eberhard 
 enjoyed an indifputable Right of difpofmg, even without the 
 Consent of the Emperor or Empire of his Principality, to whom 
 
 he 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe <?/*Brunswick. 3'99 
 
 he pleafed; and had accordingly in a legal Manner transferred itThe Houfe of 
 to the Houfe of Luneburg by the Family Padts abovementioned. Luneburg 
 The Memorialift adds moreover, that even could it be proved^ 
 that the Principality of Eaji Friezland was not an hereditary or 
 alienable Fief, it would avail nothing againfl the Rights of the 
 Houfe of Luneburg 'j becaufe every Eledtor, acccording to the 
 Golden Bull^ enjoyed the Prerogative of purchafing or acquiring, 
 by Donation or otherwile,. Fiefs of the Empire without Diftinc- 
 tion. To give further Strength to this Argument, it is obferved, 
 that the Emperors- Jofeph^ and Charles VI, chiefly the 
 latter, had in their Capitulations, in explicit Terms, given a ge- 
 neral Sandlion to all Padts of Union, Confraternity, and mutual 
 Succeffion, entered into by the Princes of the Empire, concern^ 
 ing their States of what Denomination foever, wherein un- 
 doubtedly the above Family Padts were comprehended j whence 
 it muft appear evident, that, let the Principality of Eaft Friez- 
 land be an hereditary Fief or not, the Claims of the Houfe of 
 Luneburg to it cannot in the leaft be prejudiced by any Grant of 
 Reverhon whatfoever. As for the Plea founded upon this Grant, 
 it is invalidated in the Manifefto, for Reafon of the vifible Defedt 
 that was in the Grant itfelf, to which the Confent of the Eledtors 
 had not been required at the L’ime of the Emperor's giving it, 
 neither had the Eledloral College by a formal Refolve aflented 
 to it, nor was the Approbation of the College of Princes ever 
 applied for; which were fo many Requifites, that could not be 
 difpenfed with, and without which, the Emperor’s Grants of 
 Reverlion, how ftrongly foever infixed upon, can be of no Vali- 
 dity. As it might be thought prefumtuous in us, to interpofe 
 our private Judgment in a Controverfy, depending between thefe 
 two illuftrious Houfes; we fhall decline faying any Thing further, 
 upon this Head, efpecially as by what has been obferved, the 
 Reader will have v.’herewithal to form himfelf a general Idea of 
 the Conteft, which probably will not be decided for fome 
 Time. 
 
 The: 
 
^oo Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 TheHoufeof The few Inftances we have given of hib Eiedloral Highnefs’s 
 
 LuTebu^ Valour, Prudence, Integrity, and Concern for the publick Good, 
 will convince every unbiaifed Reader of the Truth of what is 
 reported of him by Authors, that he was adorned with all the 
 Qualifications and Virtues becoming a great Prince. What de- 
 ferves to be particularly remarked of him is, that he gave himielf 
 up intirely to whatever he undertook, and appeared fo well Ikil- 
 led in it, that he feemed to have pra(5lifed nothing elfe. When 
 he . bore Arms, it might have been thought, he had made the 
 military Art his foie Study ; and when he fpoke of Sciences, one 
 would have concluded he had fpent his Life in no other Com- 
 pany but that of the Learned j and indeed his Inclination for 
 Letters was fuch, that when his various Employments afforded 
 him any Leifure,he conftantly laid it out in reading ufeful Books, 
 whereof he was a great Lover. As he was ever adlive and laborious, 
 he took Cognizance himfelf of whatever concerned his Subjects, 
 and that in order to be the better able to contribute to their Hap- 
 pinefs. Trade and the Adminiftration of Juftice being equally 
 necefiary to their well Being, he was afliduous in encouraging 
 and promoting both ; whereby, and the Liberty his Subjeds 
 were allowed to make their Complaints known unto him, he fo 
 far indeared himfelf to them, that he might have lived in Safety 
 without Guardsj the Hearts of his People being a fufficient Se- 
 curity to him, whilft he governed them more like a good and 
 indulgent Parent, than a fovereign Prince. Although he bore not 
 the Title of King, his Credit and Authority equalled thofe of 
 crowned Heads j and the Splendor and Magnificence of his Court 
 were anfwerable thereunto. Many ftately Buildings were hke- 
 wife ereded by his Order and at his Charges, that added 
 Luftre to his Capital, at the fame Time that they did Honour 
 to his Tafte. In his Time the elegant Cuftoms of the Italians ^ 
 which had fcarce been known before in Germany^ came to be 
 introduced into his Dominions; as Operas, Mafquerades, Af- 
 femblies, Carnavals, &c. 
 
 This 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 This great Prince furvived the Peace of Ryfwick but one Year, 
 and died in 1698. He married Sophia Daughter of Frederic 
 Elector Palatine and King of Bohemia and of Elizabeth Daughter 
 of James I. King of England ; which Alliance had this fingular 
 though unexpedled Advantage attending it, that it became in the 
 Sequel the Means of procuring the Crowns of the BritiJlj Realms 
 to their Pofterity. Hereof there appeared fo little Probability at 
 the Time of their Marriage, that neither they, nor indeed any 
 body elfe, could have reafonably entertained the Thoughts of fo fa- 
 vourable a Turn : For not only three Princes and two Princeffes, 
 Grand-children of James I. belonged then to the Royal Family 
 in England^ whereunto muft be added the Pofterity of James II. 
 and the many Children of Queen Ann^ that came afterwards j 
 but even the Princefs Sophia had at that Time three Brothers and 
 two Sifters living, all elder than herfelf, and confequently nearer 
 to the Crown. The Iflue Ernejl Augujlus had by this Princefs, 
 confifted in ftx Sons and one Daughter. George Lewis the eldeft, 
 fucceded him ; Frederic Augujlus^ the fecond Son, was flain in 
 an Adtion againft the T'urks in Franfylvania in 1690, as was alfo 
 the fourth named Charles Philips in a Battle fought with the Turks 
 and Tartars in Albania the fame Year ; Maximilian William^ the 
 third, died as Field Marftial General of the Imperial Army in 
 1726. Chrijiian the fifth Son, on returning from an Engagement 
 with the French near Ulm or Ehingen in 1703, was drowned in 
 the Danube j and the youngeft, Ernejl Augujlus became Bifhop 
 of Ofnabruck and died in 1728. Sophia Charlotta the only 
 Daughter of his Eledloral Highnefs, was married to Frederic 1 
 King of PruJJia. 
 
 GEORGE LEWIS. 
 
 George Lewis^ eldeft Son of the Eledtor Ernejl Augujlus^ was 
 born in the Year 1660. His incomparable Father, being himfelf 
 a Scholar, had him early initiated in the liberal Arts, and in all 
 
 F f f thofe 
 
 40T 
 
 The Houfe of 
 
 Brunfwick 
 
 Luneburg. 
 
 Table VIIL 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe <?/ Brunswick. 
 thofe Sciences that became his illuftrious Birth, and which, by 
 improving his natural Parts, might inable him to anfwer the 
 Expedlations of thofe, whofe future Welfare depended on his 
 Government. 
 
 The active Difpofition, that foon difcovered itfelf in him, 
 induced the Elector, to give him Leave in the Year 1675. to 
 make the Campain on the Mofelle with him and the Duke of 
 Zelle, his Uncle. Though, he was then but Fifteen Years old, 
 he conftantly attended thefe Princes, often againft their Will, 
 amidfl all the Dangers they expofed themfelves to in the Battle 
 near T^reves. and in the Siege of that City ; in both of which he 
 difcovered that Valour and Intrepidity of Mind, fo confpicuous 
 in his Family, and gave early Hopes of the great Figure he was 
 afterwards to make in the World. The Emperor Leopold^ who 
 was highly pleafed with this firft Specimen of his Courage and 
 Bravery, congratulated him by a Letter on the Honour he had 
 acquired in this Campain, and in very obliging Terms expreffed 
 the particular Satisfadion, the Report of his gallant Behaviour 
 had given him. 
 
 So favourable a Teflimony given by the firft Potentate in Chrif- 
 tendom to a young Prince, who was defirous of Glory, could not 
 but increafe his Emulation, and prompt him to merit further Ap- 
 plaufe. He followed his Father in the next Campains in the 
 Netherlands^ where he aflifted at the Sieges of Majlricht and of 
 Charleroy ; and the Year following valiantly fought in the Battle, 
 which the Allies under the Condud of the Prince of Orange 
 gained near Mons over the French ^ who were commanded by 
 Marflial Luxemburg. This General, though he made a Shew 
 of attacking that City, was not it feems, ferioufly bent upon 
 carrying his Point, on Account of the Intelligence he had, that 
 the Negotiations of Peace at Nimeguen were drawing to a 
 Conclufion. The Prince of Orange taking Advantage of his Se- 
 curity, attacked him on the 14th of Auguji at two in the After- 
 noon. The Fight lafted till Night, which favoured the Retreat 
 
 of 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 403 
 
 of the French j who other wife would have met with a ftill greater The Hou^e of 
 Lofs, than that they adtually fuftained. Immediately after, Cou- Luncburg. 
 riers arriving with the News of the Conclulion of a Peace be- 
 tween Holland and France^ Marflial Luxemburg had no Op- 
 portunity for that Time to revenge this Difgrace on the Allies. 
 
 It is obferved by Authors, that within a few Years after Lewis 
 XIV. King of France^ with a View to engage the Eledlor Ernefi 
 Augujius in his Interefi:, propofed a Match between George Lewis 
 and a Daughter of the Duke of Orleans j which, if true, fhews that 
 the Court of France was little acquainted with the true Senti- 
 ments of this Prince and thofe of his Father’s. That Crown 
 had more than once experienced, and came afterwards to be fully 
 convinced, that no Conlideration can, or ever will, prevail upon 
 the Houfe of Luneburg^ to depart from the generous Refolution 
 it is fixed in, to maintain the Liberties and the Interefi of the 
 Empire, as well as to oppofe all fuch Meafures, as tend to the 
 enflaving of Europe, More acceptable were fome Overtures 
 made of a Marriage between George Lewis and Princefs A?in^ 
 fecond Daughter to the Duke of Tork. For this Purpofe the 
 Prince came over to England^ where he was extremely well 
 received and liked by the whole Court. However, his Stay was 
 but fhort in this Kingdom, his Father having fuddenly recalled 
 him home, where he had concluded a Match for him with his 
 Coufin German Sophia Dorothy^ only Daughter of the Duke of 
 Zelle j preferring the great Addition of Dominions, contiguous 
 to his own, which this Princefs would infallibly bring into his 
 Family, to the diflant Hopes of fucceeding to the Britifli 
 Crowns; which however Providence has fince brought about. This 
 Princefs, befides the confiderable Portion fhe brought with her, 
 
 •was endowed with fuch Accomplifhments both of Body and Mind, 
 as’ were an Ornament to her Birth and Station. The Marriage 
 was celebrated with great Solemnity in 1682, and Heaven blelTed 
 it the Year following with a Prince, named George Auguflus, 
 our prefent glorious Monarch; and in the Year 1687. with a 
 
 F f f 2 Princefs 
 
4-04 
 
 The Houfe 
 Brunfwick 
 Luneburg. 
 
 16S3. 
 
 1685. 
 
 1686 . 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 Princefs, named Sophia Dorothy , the prefent Qi^en Dowager of 
 PruJJta, 
 
 The Purfuit of Glory being George Lewis's prevalent Paflion, 
 it did not fuffer him to remain long in a State of Inadlion j as if he 
 had been apprehend ve, that the Reputation of his Valour might be 
 impaired, unlefs it was kept up by repeated military Atchievements. 
 Scarce two Years paffed fince this Alliance, when he engaged to 
 aflift the Emperor in his War againft the 'Turks ^ whom the Male- 
 contents in Hungary had prevailed upon to break the Truce con- 
 cluded in 1664. The confiderable Difappointment thefe Infidels 
 met with in the Siege they laid to Vienna^ and the fignal Vidory 
 the Chriftians obtained againfi; them near Barcan, which was 
 followed by the Conquefi; of a great many Cities, did not hinder 
 them from continuing to oppofe the Chriftian Arms in Hun- 
 gary with great Refolution. Prince George Lewis joined the 
 Imperial Army in 1685. at the Head of 10,000 Brunfwick 2Lnd 
 Luneburg Troops, whereby the Chriftians were inabled to un- 
 dertake the Siege of the Fortrefs of Neuheufel. The Turks did 
 all in their Power to fruftrate this Defign, and in order to make 
 a powerful Diverfion, invefted the Fortrefs of Gran^ taken from 
 them fome Time before j but they mifled their Aim : Neuheufel 
 was taken by AfiTault, and the Army of the Turks repulfed from 
 before Gran^ with the Lofs of 5000 of their ’Janizaries. More- 
 over Cafcau and Epet'ies in Upper Hungary capitulated, and the 
 Chriftians ruined during this Campain, the famous Bridge the 
 Turks had conftruded near EJfeck upon the River Draw j which 
 proved as detrimental to them as would have been the Lofs of a 
 Battle. The followingYear, Prince George Lewis afiifted at theSiege 
 of the Fortrefs of Buda^ the Capital of Hungary^ which the Turks 
 refolutely defended, being afiured of a Succour, wherewith the 
 Grand Vizir was approaching that City j but the Chriftians, far 
 from being difcouraged thereat, afiiaulted and took Buda in the 
 very Sight of the Turkijb Army j which afterwards was put to 
 
 Flight, 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (p/* B r u n s w i c k. 405 
 
 Flight, and the Campain ended glorioufly by the Conqueft of "rhe Houfe of 
 Funfktrcheriy Segedin and Sinclos. Lune^r^ 
 
 Prince George Lewis was a Party concerned in thefe diffe- 
 rent Undertakings, and partook of all the Glory as well as. Dan- 
 ger that attended them. As the Emperor had a diflincH: Account, 
 tranfmitted to him of all that happened remarkable during thefe 
 Campains, chiefly withRefpeft to theCondudt of the Commanders 
 in the Chriftian Army, he was highly delighted with the Report 
 that was made him of this Prince’s Bravery, and in particular of 
 the confiderable Share he had in the Conqueft of the Fortrefs of 
 Neuheufel^ and in the fuccefsful Relief of the Fortrefs of Gran.^ 
 
 When Prince George Lewis in 1685. at the End of the Campain 
 waited on him at Vienna, the Emperor teftified in moft obliging. 
 
 Terms the Senfe he had thereof, and as a further Mark of his 
 fingular Efteem, prefented him with a Sword, richly fet with 
 Diamonds. The Emperor was not the only Perfon, who fet a 
 high Value on Prince George Lewis's Conducft j the other Gene- 
 rals that commanded with him, having been themfelves Eye. 
 
 Witneffes of his Wifdom and Valour, two effential Qualifications 
 necelfary to make a great Captain, were greatly taken with theProofs 
 he gave of both. Moreover, they were much pleafed with the 
 admirable Order he kept up among his Troops, and to fee that 
 he was the firft to obey the Ordinances he publifhed in his Camp. 
 Notwithftanding he enquired moft minutely into all that related 
 to his Soldiers, and ufed a ftridt Difcipline over them ; his 
 Commands were obeyed with the greateft Chearfulnefs, and more 
 pun<ftually than thofe of the other Generals, This was Matter 
 of Surprize to them, till they came to examine into the Caufe of 
 it ; they then found it to be owing to a peculiar Gift he had of 
 obliging his Soldiers, by behaving towards them with a frank 
 and affable Carriage, free from that ftately Refervednefs, where- 
 unto Men in Authority are too prone ; by which Deportment he 
 infenfibly made himfelf fo far Mafter of their Affedions, that 
 
 they 
 
4o6 Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick, 
 
 The Houfe of they envicd each other the Honour of being intrufted with the 
 LuSurg. Execution of his Commands. 
 
 Upon the breaking out of the War between the Empire and 
 the Crown of France in 1688, he exerted himfelf as a true Pa- 
 triot, by contributing to fruftrate the pernicious Schemes of that 
 Crown. Thus he co-operated in the Reduction of the two im- 
 16S9. portant Places of Mayence and Bonn at the Head of his Father’s 
 Troops j and when the French in the following Year employed 
 1^90. their main Force in the Netherlands^ he adted there in Conjunc- 
 tion with the Spaniards and had a Body of 11,000 Luneburg 
 Troops under his Command. He much fignalized himfelf in the 
 • Battles, that were fought near Fleury and near Landen or Neer- 
 
 winden j and although the Succefs was not equal to the Bravery, 
 he himfelf and the other Allies fhewed on both thefe Occafions, 
 it was allowed even by the Enemy, that the Luneburg Troops, 
 animated by the Example of their Commander, greatly lignalized 
 themfelves by difputing every Inch of Ground with the Conque- 
 rors ; and that particularly in the laft Adtion, when the French 
 forced the Intrenchment of the Allies. Prince George Lewis^ 
 placing himfelf at the Head of his Troops, fo often renewed 
 the Charge againft the Enemy, and advanced fo far amongft 
 their Ranks, that he more than once ran the Rilk of being taken 
 Prifoner. 
 
 Some Years after died the Eledtor his Father, whereupon he 
 wholly applied himfelf to the Government of his Dominions. 
 The War had been ended by the Peace of Ryfwick^ and all 
 feemed to promife a lading Tranquillity. But how often are 
 Men deceived in their Hopes and Expedlations? During the Time, 
 that Endeavours were ufed in Holldfid to bring about the Peace 
 iud mentioned, an Alliance was made in the Norths for rekindling 
 a War in thofe Parts. The Czar leagued himfelf with the 
 Kings of Poland and Denmark againft the King of Sueden and the 
 Duke Holjiein^ his Ally; and whilft the RuJJians, P danders and 
 Saxons entered Livonia and Ingria^ the King of Denmark made 
 
 an 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 407 
 
 an Invafion into the Dutchy of Holjiein, and after having there Tlie Houfe of 
 feized on fome Forts, laid Siege to T’bnningen. General 
 the Commander of the Place had a Garrifon of about 4000 Men, 
 provided with all NecelTaries for a long Defence. The Duke of 
 Wirt ember who headed the DaneSy however, bombarded the 
 City, but without Succefs, and at length found himfelf obliged to 
 undertake the Siege in Form. 
 
 The Intereft of the Empire in general, and particularly that 
 of the Circle of the Lower Saxony, required, that Precautions 
 fliould be taken, in order to hinder the Fire from fpreading into 
 the neighbouring Countries, which were like to become a Prey 
 to the Saxons, Polanders, and even to the RuJJians ; whofe Mo- 
 narch menaced to fend Troops to the Affiftance of the King of 
 Denmark. On thefe Confiderations his Eledoral Highnefs and 
 his Uncle Duke George William thought proper to march to the 
 Affiftance of the Duke of Holjiein. They put themfelves at the 
 Head of their Troops, and advanced towards the Elbe j which 
 River they did not however pafs, without having firft declared 
 to the King of Denmark, that they were greatly concerned at 
 being obliged to take the Field, and that they had no perfonal 
 Enmity againft him ; but that the Faith of Alliances and the 
 Engagements of their Houfe with the Duke of Holjiein called 
 upon them, to come to his Affiftance as Guarantees of the Treaty 
 of Altena. They requefted his Majefty at the fame Time, to 
 declare within fourteen Days, whether he would raife the Siege 
 of T onningen or not j and added, that in Cafe of a Refufal, 
 they fnould be neceftitated effectually to fliew the Obligation 
 they lay under to affift their Ally. 
 
 This Declaration, which was likewife made at the Diet, had 
 no Effet ; the King of Denmark continued the Siege with great 
 Eagernefs. Moreover, the King of Poland declared to the Eletor, 
 that he intended to fend a Succour to his Ally, and flattered him- 
 felf, neither his Electoral Highnefs nor the Duke his Uncle 
 
 would 
 
4o8 
 
 The Houfe 
 
 Brunfwick 
 
 Luneburg. 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 of would take Umbrage thereat. On this Intimation the Houfe of 
 Luneburg ordered its Troops to pafs the Elbe j while the Danes 
 made their utmoft Efforts to fruftrate the End propofed by this 
 Step. They refolved upon a general Affault, the Breach being 
 fufiiciently large for it j but General Bannier, affifted by the Gar- 
 rifon as well as the Burghers, repulfed them with fo much Va- 
 lour, that they defpaired of becoming Mafters of the Place. In 
 the mean while the Luneburg Troops, to the Number of 13 or 
 14,000 Men, having paffedthe Elbe near Brackcy under the Con- 
 dud of the Eledor and his Uncle marched towards Rheinbeck 
 to attack a Body of Danes that had intrenched themfelves. This 
 Body not thinking fit to wait for their Arrival,retired to Fuhlesbuttel 
 and Poppenbuttely in order to join their main Army, which 
 thereupon quitted the Siege of Tonningen and marched to meet 
 the Luneburg Troops. Both Armies were almqft in View of 
 one another, and remained fo for fome Days, during which 
 Time the Army of the Eledor increafed to Twenty Thoufand 
 Men. At length the Danes intirely abandoned their Enter- 
 prize and retired 5 but advanced foon after towards Elmerjhorny 
 making a Shew, as if they intended to attack the Luneburg 
 Troops. The Eledor and his Uncle wifhed for nothing more 
 than to come to an Engagement, which the Danes declined by 
 fuddenly retiring to Oldejlo. Hereby the Eledor had an Oppor- 
 tunity to fend a Detachment againft a Body of 3 or 4000 
 Saxons y who, under the Command of the Count of Ahlfeldy 
 were encamped near Wallery with an Intent to make an In- 
 vafion into the Country of Luneburg. Scarce did the Lune~ 
 burg Troops fhew themfelves to the Saxons y but they decamped, 
 and retired with fo much Confufion to the Country of Halber- 
 Jiadty that about 60 of them were killed and fome Hundreds 
 made Prifoners. 
 
 Whilft thefe Things were doing, the King of Sueden entered 
 Zealandy and bombarded Copenhagen. The Affairs of the King 
 
 of 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 409 
 
 of Denmark were now come to fo bad a Pafs, that the Mediators Houfe of 
 had an Opportunity to take Advantage of them, for bringing a- Luneburg. 
 bout an Accommodation. The Court of Denmark appeared more 
 tradable. The fame Year a Peace was concluded at "Tra^enti.al^ 
 which put an End to thefe Troubles j not only to the Satisfadion 
 of the Duke of Holjiein, and of the whole Empire, but like- 
 wife to that of King William \ who having the Pacification of 
 the North very much at Heart, looked on this Service done by 
 the Eledor and his Uncle on this Occafion, as an Obligation laid 
 upon a great Part of the Powers of Europe, 
 
 Hereupon his Eledoral Highnefs returned to Hanover^ where 
 his Thoughts foon after were taken up with an Affair of much 
 greater Moment. The young Duke of Gloucefler^ the only fur- 
 viving Ifiue of Princefs Ann'^ thirteen Children, gave Way to 
 Fate, whilfl: King William was in Holland. The Eledrefs Dow- 
 ager attended his Majefty at Dieren, and atterwards at the Hague-y 
 where this Monarch, confidering the Thinnefs of the Royal Fa- 
 mily in Englandy declared it highly neceffary, that the Bufinefs 
 of the Succeffion to that Crown fhould now be refumed, and 
 namely limited to the Eledrefs and her Pofierity, as the neareffc 
 to the Succeffion of the Crown of Englandy of the Protejiants 
 of the Blood Royal of "James I, in Cafe the Princefs Ann, and 
 the King himfelf, died without IfTue. 
 
 King had already in 1689 made Efforts to have the 
 Reverfion of that Crown fettled upon the Houfe of Brunfwick- 
 huneburgy but the Princefs Ann being in the fame Year brought 
 to Bed of a Son, afterwards ftiled the Duke of Gloucejiery this 
 Affair dropped at that Time. It was now taken in Hand again, 
 at the earnell; Recommendation of the King, and ended to his 
 Satisfadion, and to that of all Wellwifhers to the Proteftant 
 Succeffion in the Britijlo Realms. We fhall not inlarge this Work 
 with the Speech his Majefty made on this Account, the Ad- 
 dreffes of both Houfes of Parliament, the Proteft of the Dutch- 
 efs of Savoy y nor with the A6l of Settlement y which received 
 
 G g g the 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 the Royal AlTent on June 12, 17015 becaufe thefe Subjedls have 
 been fully treated of in many Books, both at that Time and 
 fince. It will be fufficient to fay, that the Adi made on this Occa- 
 fion wasintitled j An A 5 i for the further Limitation of the Crown^ 
 and better fecuring the Rights and Liberties of the People. Herein 
 after having premifed, that it had pleafed God Almighty to take 
 away the late Q^een Mary^ and William Duke of Gloucejler^ it is 
 cnaded : “ That the moft excellent Princefs Sophia y Eledlrefs 
 and Dutchefs Dowager of Brunfwick-Luneburgy Daughter to 
 “ the Princefs Elizabethy late Queen of Bohemiay Daughter to 
 “ fames I, King of Englandy fhould be declared next in Suc- 
 “ ceflion to the Crown of Englandy France, and Ireland, after 
 “ his Majefty King William and the Princefs Adm of Denmark,. 
 “ and in Default of Iflue of the Princefs Ann, and of his Ma- 
 “ jefty. And that the faid Crown fhall remain* to the Princefs 
 “ Sophia and the Heirs of her Body, being Proteftants.** 
 
 After the paffing of this Adi, the King nominated Charles 
 Earl of Macclesfield, to go over to Hanover with the ASl of 
 Settlement, fealed with the Great Seal of England -y taking with 
 him at the fame Time, the whole Habit and Ornaments of the 
 moft noble Order of the Garter for his Eledloral Highnefs, who 
 had been juft before eledled a Knight Companion of that Order, 
 in the Room of the late Duke of Gloueefier. The Earl was 
 highly pleafed with the Honours he received in paffing through 
 the Eledloral Dominions, and during his Stay there; where in 
 particular, he admired the Magnificence and Splendour he 
 found both at the Eledloral Court, and at that of the Duke 
 of Zelle ; and when he fet out on his Return, the Eledlrefs Dow- 
 ager prefented him with her own Pidlure fet in Diamonds, over 
 which was the Eledloral Crown enriched with the fame precious 
 Stones, to the Value of feveral thou fand Pounds; the Eledtor’s 
 Prefent confifted in a large Bafon and Ewer of maffy Gold ; and 
 that of the Duke of Zelle in golden Medals to the Amount of 
 2500 Ducats. 
 
 The 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 411 
 
 The Emperor having prevailed on the greateft Part of the^te Houfe of 
 Princes of the Empire, to engage in the War that broke out be-Luneburg. 
 tween him and France ^ on Account of his Claims to the Sue- 1702. 
 ceffion of the Crown of Spaing his Eledioral Highnefs (hewed 
 himfelf hearty and zealous in the common Caufe, as well as his 
 Uncle the Duke of Zelle. The Houfe of Wolffejibuttel 
 not equally well affedted to it j Rudolph Augujius and Anthony 
 UlriCy who governed their Dominions jointly, entered into a 
 Treaty with Fra?icey in Purfuanceof which, they raifed Forces 
 in their Territories. The Elector, at the Defire of the Empe- 
 ror and the Allies, entered their Country with a confiderable 
 Body of Troops, and made himfelf Mafter of feveral Places; 
 which however, were immediately delivered up again to them, 
 on an Agreement made between both Houfes; which was, that 
 Rudolph Augujius (hould referve to himfelf the foie Government 
 of his Dominions and quit his Engagement with France^ and 
 on the other Hand, that the Eledor fhould take into his Service 
 a certain Number of Troops raifed in the Dominions of the 
 Houfe of Wolffenbuttel. The Eledor, by the prudent Condud 
 he obferved in an Affair of fo delicate a Nature, did certainly a 
 fignal Service to all the Aliks, who failed not to acknowledge it 
 as fuch. By this Means France was difappointed in its Defign, 
 which, it is faid, was to create Jealoufies and Apprehenfions in 
 the Circle of the Lower Saxony, and in Confequence thereof to 
 prevent that Part of the Empire from heartily uniting in the 
 Common Caufe. 
 
 A few Years after, George William Duke of Zelle yielded to 1705, 
 Fate. His Subjeds having already, towards the latter Part of 
 his Life, taken the Oath of Allegiance to his Nephew and Son 
 in Law, his Eledoral Highnefs now happily reunited all the 
 Dominions of the Houfe of Luneburg, The lafi: Duties being paid 
 to the Memory of the deceafed Duke, with all the Magnificence 
 futable to his Dignity and Deferts, the Eledoral Prince (now our 
 glorious Monarch) made his Entry in State into the City of Ha- 
 
 G g g 2 nover^ 
 
412 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 Brun^°clf Confort Wilhelmine Charlotta^ (or Carolina^ 
 
 Luneburg. Daughter of John Frederic^ Marggrave of Brandenburg- An-- 
 fpach, whom he had married a few Days before at Herrenhaufen’^ 
 a Princefs, who by her natural and acquired Endowments, 
 could vie with the faireft, the wifeft, and the bed: of her Sex. As 
 fhe was intended by Providence to be the Ornament and Delight 
 of the Britijh Realms, and as her Memory will ever be facred 
 to Pofterity, on Account of the many Virtues fhe difplayed in 
 all her different Relations as a ^een, a Mother, and a Friend-, we 
 may be allowed to attempt at drawing a Sketch of her Charader. 
 llluftrious by Birth, (he was dill more fo by her Merit. The Graces 
 of her Perfon, though driking, were far furpaded by thofe of 
 her Mind. Her uncommon Capacity, aflided by a quick and 
 eafy Apprehenfion, gave her an Infight into all the different 
 Branches of polite and ufeful Knowledge, whereof by the Help 
 of a found Underdanding fhe could fpeak with great Propriety ; 
 to which may be added, that as fhe had a peculiar Talent at 
 judging of Men and Things, fhe was inabled thereby, to ren- 
 der both fubfervient to the wife Ends of Government. Her 
 Virtues were in no wife inferior to her other Accomplifhments, 
 whereof her refpedful Attachment to her Royal Confort, her 
 tender and indefatigable Application in direding the Education 
 of her illudrious Iffue, her Prudence, Charity and Piety, afforded 
 abundant Proof. To thefe Virtues was joined a mod didin- 
 gu idled Zeal for the Frotefiant Religion, to which fhe was ever 
 fo dridly attached, that die valued it far above all earthly Dia- 
 dems. Of this fhe gave an early Indance to Charles King of 
 Spain, and afterwards Emperor, who demanded her in Marri- 
 age on Condition, that die vfijuXA. iuxn Roman Catholick: She, 
 though young and allured by the tempting Profpecd that was 
 fet before her Eyes, generoudy refufed the Offer, which fhe 
 could not accept of without wounding her Confcience. So ex- 
 emplary a Zeal for the Frotefiant Intered met with a fuitable 
 Reward: She was chofen by his Eledtoral Highnefs as a fit Match 
 
 for 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 4 1.3 
 
 for his only Son and Heir apparent ; whereby fhe came after- The Houfe of 
 wards to afcend the BritiJJj Throne, and to blefs thefe Realms Luneburg.. 
 with a numerous Offspring, the Glory of this Proteftant Nation,, 
 as well as the Pledges of its lafting Felicity. 
 
 Not long after this aufpicious Marriage, his Eledloral Highnefs 
 received new Marks of the particular Efteem, her- Majefty Queen 
 jinn had for his Serene Houfe and Perfon. The Earl of Halli- 
 fax was fent to the Eledoral Court with the moft noble 
 Order of the Garter for the Electoral Prince, and to prefent the 
 Eledrefs Dowager with the Adts of Parliament newly paffed for 
 naturalizing the Princefs Sophia and the Ijjue of her Body, and for 
 the better Security of her Majejiy's Perfon and Government, and of 
 the Succejjion of the Crown ^’England in the Protefiant Line. His 
 Highnefs the Eledloral Prince fhortly after, was created Duke 
 and Marquis of Cambridge, Earl of Mifordhaven, Vifcount of 
 Northallerton, and Baron of The enfuing Year pro^ 
 
 duced the memorable Union of England: and Scotland, whereby 
 the Succeffion of the moft Serene Houfe of Bru?2fwick Luneburg 
 was firmly eftablifhed in all the three Kingdoms. 
 
 Whilft Great Britain endeavoured to fhew its Zeal for this 
 illuftrious Houfe, his Eledioral Highnefs on his Part applied 
 himfelf with great Affiduity in Behalf of the common 
 Caufe. The military Affairs of the Empire, after the memo- 
 rable Battle of Hochjiccdt or Blenheim, were managed to the 
 Difcontent of the Allies. The beft Way to retrieve them ap- 
 peared to be, that fuch a Prince fhould put himfelf at the Plead 
 of the Army, who befides his Valour, had more Power and 
 Authority, than thofe, who had been before honoured with that 
 Command j and his Eledtoral Highnefs was thought the fitteft 
 Perfon for this Purpofe. He was, doubtlefs, fenfible of the Dif- 
 ficulties which attend the Command of an Army of the Em- 
 pire j however the Concern he had for the Common Caufe, in 
 Conjundtion wiih the preffmg Inftances of the Emperor, Q^en- 
 
 Ann 
 
414 
 
 The Houfe 
 
 Brunfwick 
 
 Luiieburg. 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 AnUy and the States Generaly prevailed upon him to undertake 
 it. 
 
 The Marggrave of Bareuthy who upon the Death of Prince 
 Lewis of Bade'Tjy headed the Army of the Empire, gave up his 
 Poll on the 3d of Sept, and left the Troops to the Condudt of the 
 .Oenerals T’hungen and Gronsfeld. In the mean Time the Eledtor 
 having accepted of the fupreme Command, arrived at Fhilipjburg 
 the 13th of Sept, and two Days after the Army was drawn up at 
 Etlingen to receive him. He viewed the two Lines and the Train 
 of Artillery, confifling of 71 Pieces, and afterwards continued 
 for fome Time on a riling Ground, whilft the whole Army made 
 a triple Difcharge for his Reception. After this he was con- 
 dudted to his Quarters by all the Generals, and in the Evening 
 Baron SChungeriy as General of the Infantry, and Count Gronsfeldy 
 as General of the Cavalry, waited upon their Generaliffimo to 
 receive the Word. 
 
 The Prefence of his Eledtoral Highnefs occafioned an advan- 
 rageous Alteration in the Face of Affairs ; the Army feemed to 
 be invigorated, and the -Number of Troops daily increafed. He 
 viewed the next Day all the Polls about the Army, and gave fe- 
 veral Orders for the better Difcipline of the Tioops, in which 
 they were much wanting. In a Council of War, which he held, 
 three Points were debated, “ j. Whether the Army, before it 
 “ had received all its Reinforcements, Ihould attack the Brenchy 
 “ who conlilled of 70 Battalions and 108 Squadrons, com- 
 “ manded by Marlhal Villars. 2. Whether it was fit, in Cafe 
 ** the lirll Propofal was not agreed upon, to pafs the Rhine y and 
 “ endeavour to attack the Lines of Lauterhurgy as the bell Ex- 
 ** pedient to oblige the French to repafs that River. 3. Whe- 
 “ ther it was not more advifeable, to endeavour to fecure fome 
 “ convenient Polls, in order to make a new Line for covering 
 “ the Country from the Invalion of the Enemy.” The lirlland 
 fecond Points were refolved in the Negative, the French being 
 too well polled, and not ealily to be removed j and the Impe- 
 
 rialills 
 
Memoirs of the Houje of IQ iL, 
 
 rialifts wanting Magazines, to fublift on the other Side of the TheHoufeof. 
 Rhine. It was therefore determined, immediately to carry 
 a. Line from Daxlant to Etlingen^ and in the mean Time to 
 endeavour to attack the Enemy’s flying Camp' near Offenhurg. 
 
 Orders were alfo fent to the Troops of Frmconia and others, to 
 haften their March as much as poflible, to reinforce the Army. 
 
 We mufl: obferve here, that before the Eledor’s Arrival in 
 the Army, the French had ufed their utmofl: Endeavours to draw 
 the Circles of Suabia and Franconia into a Neutrality, and the 
 Marflial de Villars had demanded a Pafs for the Marquis de 
 Chamillardy to repair to their Aflfembly, to make fome Propo- 
 fols j but the Marggrave of Bareuth having refufed to give a 
 Pafs, the whole Circle of Suabia and a great Part of that of 
 Franconia^ were reduced to pay fuch Contributions, as the French- 
 thought fit to demand. The Ele6lorate of Mayence^ the Land- 
 graviate of Hejfe-Darmjladt^ the Palatinate of the Rhine ^ the- 
 Bergflrajfe^ and other Countries underwent the fame Fate. 
 
 The Elector’s chief Defign was to put a Stop to thefe Rava- 
 ges. He received Advice, th.20. tht French r\Q 2 iC Offenburg 
 
 confifted of feven Regiments of Horfe and Dragoons, under the 
 Command of the Marquis de VivanSy which were to be joined by_ 
 i6 Battalions, in order to take Hornberg and make a new Incurfion.. 
 into Suabia on the other Side of the Danube^ He fent a De- 
 tachment to furprize the Enemy, and intruflied with the Com- 
 mand of it Count Mercy y a General of great Experience, and 
 who had a perfedl Knowledge of the Country. The Detach- 
 ment marched the 19th. from the Army with all poflible Secre- 
 cy. His Electoral Highnefs at the fame Time, ordered fome 
 Troops to make a Motion another Way, to deceive the Spies of 
 the Enemy. Count Mercy executed his Orders with great Con- 
 duct. On the 24th he fell upon the Marquis de Vivans by Break of 
 Day, and intirdy defeated him ; 800 of his Men were killed 
 upon the Spot, and among them feveral Officers. The French^ 
 who knew nothing of this March, had appointed that Day for a 
 
 Forage, 
 
41 6 
 
 The Houfe 
 
 Brunfwick 
 
 Luneburg. 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 ■ Forage, which facilitated their Defeat. Mr. de Vivans had much 
 -ado to fave himfelf through the Vineyards j his Men were clofely 
 purfued, and quitted their Horfes, to make their Eicape along 
 the Hedges ; Count Mercy brought away four Standards, 1 50 
 Prifoners, 1300 Horfes, and had only two Lieutenants and 30 
 .private Men killed. Among the Booty were 5000 Piftoles in 
 Specie and Mr. de Vivans' 5 Plate. The Action was fcarce over, 
 when the Vanguard of the Infantry, which was to have joined 
 him that Day, appeared in Sight, but too late ; whereupon they 
 returned to their Camp, as the Germans did to theirs. 
 
 The French, though they made their Lofs very little, yet 
 owned the Defeat. Immediately after this Marflial Villars or- 
 dered back and received the Detachments he had fent towards 
 Provence, with other Reinforcements, whereby he became much 
 flronger than the Imperial Army ; however he could get no man- 
 ner of Advantage over his Electoral Highnefs, nor take the leaft 
 Revenge of this Defeat for the reft of the Campain. 
 
 . During this Time the Armies in the Netherlands did nothing 
 on either Side, and only watched each others Motions. The 
 Duke of Marlborough left the Army of the Allies about the Be- 
 ginning of OBober,2.n6. after feveral Conferences with the Deputies 
 of the States^General at the Hague, fet out for Francfort, where 
 he met his Electoral Highnefs and the Ele6lor of Mayence. They 
 concerted the Operations for a more fuccefsful Campain next 
 Year j after which the Duke went back to the Hague, and his 
 Electoral Highnefs returned to the Army. The Frejich at that 
 Time began to repafs the Rhine, in order to go into Winter Quar- 
 ters in Alfatia and in the Franche Comte ; his Eledforal Highnefs, 
 on his Part, vifited the new Lines on the 3 ift of OBober, and or- 
 dered them to be finiftied with all Expedition, that his Army 
 might do the fame. 
 
 The Circles of the Rhine, of Franconia, and Suabia, who had 
 reaped much Benefit from his Eledloral Highnefs’s Command, 
 waited on him by their Deputies, to return him their humble 
 
 ThanJcs 
 
Msrdoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 417 
 
 Thanks for his Vigilance and Care for their Safety. He pro- of 
 
 pofed to them among other Things, that Meafures fhould be Luneburg. 
 taken for quartering the whole Body of his Army as near as pof- 
 fible to the prefent Camp for the enfuing Winter, that fo they 
 might be ready to oppofe any new Irruption from the Enemy : , 
 
 That Subfiftance and Forage fhould be provided, and necedary 
 Magazines eredled for the Service of the next Year ^ for Want 
 of which the Army had fuffered great Inconveniences the lad: 
 
 Campain : That new Lines fhould be thrown up in as many 
 Places as fliould appear necedary j and that for this End a fuf- 
 ficient Number of Pioneers mud; be furnidied, to be ready with 
 proper Indruments to work on thofe Lines in the Winter Sea- 
 fon, whenever the Weather diould permit it : That his Eled;oral 
 Highnefs and feveral Princes of the Empire having reinforced 
 the Army with Troops beyond their ^ota, it was reafonable, 
 that thofe Troops diould be fubdfted at the Expence of the 
 Circles, and that as their Methods of fupplying them had proved 
 defective, he offered to their Condderation, whether it would 
 not be fit, to appropriate for that Service Part of the Roman 
 Months : That the Circles diould contradt with Perfons able to 
 furnifh the Army with Provifions and Forage at reafonable Rates ; 
 
 That the Recruits of each Circle might be raifed with fuch Ex- 
 pedition as to pafs in Review in February following at fartheff, 
 and that all Regiments might be compleat at that Time; it 
 being of the lad; Importance, to open the enfuing Campain 
 early in the Year. Laftly he prefied the Circles In Regard to 
 their own Safety, to furnifh the Military Cheft with 200,000. 
 Rixdollars above their it being at that Time in a very 
 
 low Condition. 
 
 There feemed indeed at this Time a better Difpofition in the 
 Diet of the Empire, to carry on the War with Vigour under the 
 ' Eledlor’s Condudt, than there had been under the Command of 
 the Generals before him. They had a juff Regard for his Elec- 
 toral Highnefs’s Propofals, and more particularly took into Con- 
 
 H h h fideration 
 
41 8 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 TheHoufeof fideration the Bufinefs of the Money, as the Sinew of War. 
 
 They found it highly neceifary for carrying on the military Ope- 
 rations, that a Sum of Money fhould be levied by the whole 
 Empire, that each Circle thould bear a proportionable Share in 
 it, and that the Whole fhould be fpeedily brought in, to inable 
 his Eledtoral Highnefs to put his Defigns in Execution : They 
 alfo found, that by a Refolution of the Diet, palTed the 1 1 th of 
 May 1704, every Circle flood already charged, at a certain Rate, 
 for every Horfeman and Foot Soldier, which they were to fur- 
 nifh as their Contingent, and that the Sum fo charged amounted 
 to above 200,000 Rixdollars^ now demanded by the Eledor. 
 For this Reafon the three Colleges refolved : “ That the faid 
 “ ratified Refolution of the Diet fhould be put in Execution, 
 “ and that agreeable thereto, the Circles of the Empire fhould 
 “ each, furnifh their due Proportion of the faid Sum of 200,000 
 “ Rixdollars, and fend it to the City of Francfort^ within a 
 Month without Fail : And whereas the Difpofal of that Sum 
 “ for the Service of the Empire was entirely left to the Difcre- 
 “ tion of his Eledoral Highnefs, the aforefaid City of Francforty 
 “ according to the Orders of the Eledor, fhould pay out the 
 “ Money for the military Service, keeping a regular and due Ac- 
 “ count of the feveral Difburfements j and in Confideration that 
 “ this Affair would admit of no Delay, Orders on the Part of the 
 “ Empire fhould be iffued with all Expedition to the feveral 
 “ Circles, to the End, that within the faid Term of four Weeks 
 “ every Circle might pay in its Share to the City of Francfort 
 “ and receive Difcharges for the fame ; And forafmuch as this 
 “ was a common and preffing Affair, no State of the Empire 
 “ fhould on any Pretence whatfoever be exempted from fur- 
 “ nifhing its Contingent, the rather as the prefent State of Ger-^ 
 “ many and the common Service required, that the Empire 
 “ fhould exert itfelf with more than ordinary Vigour in fur- 
 “ nifhing its Proportion, of Troops towards carrying on the 
 “ War. 
 
 The 
 
Memoirs of the Hotife (^Brunswick. 
 
 The Seafon being far advanced, his Electoral Highnefs fepa- 
 rated the Army, and difpofed the Troops in fuch a Manner, that 
 they might be drawn together in Eight and Forty Hours, upon 
 any fudden Emergency. Before he fet out for his Dominions, he 
 acquainted the Diet by a Letter, “ That he had given the Com- 
 mand of the Army to General T'hungen j that he had caufed 
 “ necelfary Lines to be drawn for covering the Troops in their 
 “ Winter Qi^rters ; that he could have wifhed the Difpofition 
 “ of the Affairs of the Army under his Command had been 
 fuch, that this Campaign might have been ended with greater 
 Advantage to the Empire and the War carried into the Ene- 
 ” mies Territories: That he hoped all the Electors, Princes and 
 “ States of the Empire, being infpired with Zeal for the Ho- 
 “ nour. Welfare and Profperity of their Country, would not be 
 “ wanting to put the faid Army early in a Condition to adl offen- 
 “ fively againft the Enemy, in order to confine them within due 
 “ Limits. 
 
 The Eleitor of Mayence caufed Copies of this Letter to be fent 
 to all the States of the Empire, with Exhortations, to perform 
 with all Diligence what his Electoral Highnefs defired for the 
 Good of the common Caufe ; efpecially as it was apprehended, 
 that England and Holland would be difcouraged from giving their 
 Affiftance, fhould the Empire be remifs in providing for its own 
 Defence. Whatever were the real Sentiments of the Allies at 
 that Time, it appears, that her Majefly Queen Ann had fo juft a 
 Senfe of the Eleftor’s paft Services, and of what he might ftill 
 do, if well fupplied, that flie took Notice of it in her Speech to 
 ' the Parliament in Words to this Purpofe : “ That the Weaknels 
 “ and ill Pofture of Affairs upon the Rhine in the Beginning of 
 “ the Year, had given an Opportunity to the French to make 
 “ themfelves ftronger in all other Parts ; but that this Defeat 
 feemed in a very promifing Way of being fully remedied againft 
 “ the next Campain, by the Conduct and Authority of the Elec- 
 tor of Brunfwick-Limehurg ‘y whofe feafonable Acceptance of 
 
 H h h 2 • ** the 
 
 419 
 
 The Ho'jfe of 
 
 Brunfwick 
 
 Luneburg. 
 
420 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 BrunJwkk Command intrufted to him had ilrengthened and much 
 
 Luneburg. ‘‘ obliged the whole Confederacy. 
 
 Great Hopes were entertained of the next Campain. The 
 1708. Diet preceded, as if it really intended to furnifh the Eledtor 
 with fuch an Army and with all other Neceffaries of War, as 
 might inable him to perform thefe glorious Things for the Service 
 of the Empire and the common Caufe, as juftly might be ex- 
 pected from his Condudt and Courage. Many Decrees paifed, 
 purfuant to which an Army of 120,000 Men was to be brought 
 into the Field with the neceflary Artillery, Ammunition and Pro- 
 vilions. The feveral Circles were rated in order to raife the 
 Money required for that Service, and the better to quicken thefe 
 Contributions, it was reprefented to the Empire, that it had been 
 in the utmoft Danger of being ruined the laft Campain, and 
 that next to God it owed its Prefervation to the wife and prudent 
 Management of the Eledlor of Brunfwick-Luneburg. The Diet 
 at the fame Time acquainted his Eledloral Highnefs with what 
 they had done, and intreated him to ufe his utmoft Endeavours 
 to take the Field before the Enemy. He returned tliem Thanks 
 for the Truft they repofed in him, and aftured them, that no- 
 thing fhould be wanting on his Part, for carrying on the War 
 with better Succefs than hitherto ; defiring the Members of the 
 Diet that they would renew their Inftances with their refpedive 
 Principals, for fending their Contingents with all Speed to the 
 Rhine. 
 
 Notwithftanding all thefe ipecious Promifes on one Part, and 
 prefling Sollicitations on the other, the Army of the Empire was 
 very weak this Campain. His Eledoral Highnefs was inclined 
 to adt offenfively againft the French, and had formed Schemes for 
 that Purpofe ; but how well foever thefe were concerted, there 
 was no Pofiibility for him to undertake any Thing of Moment; 
 wherefore much againft his Will, he ftood upon the Defenfive. 
 It is Matter of Surprize, that in Spite of all the Difficulties he 
 laboured under, he neverthelefs found means to keep the French 
 
 Army 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. ^.21 
 
 Army in Awe, and to prevent the March of the DetachmentsThe Houfe of 
 theydefigned to fend into the Netherlands, and into Idauphine 
 that he was able to make fuch a Diverlion to the Enemy, as 
 gave the Allies an Opportunity of taking Exiles, Perouje, Fort- 
 Lonis, Fenejlrelle, Fort Mutin, and Lijle-, before which laft 
 Place, the Allies would have met with much greater Difficulties 
 and Obftrudtions than they did, had the Eledtor of Bavaria been 
 fuccefsful in a Scheme he meditated; which was to form in Bra- 
 bant^ feparate Army of 10,000 Men, joined by fome Detach- 
 ments of the Garrifons of Namur, Charleroy, and other Places. 
 
 Tlie Execution of this Defign, as well as of another, formed 
 by him to penetrate into his own Country, his Eledtoral High- 
 nels utterly defeated by keeping him clofe to the Banks of 
 the Rhine. All this, it muft be confelTed, was more than could 
 be expedted from the iufignificant Forces of the Imperial Army 
 at this Time, and were undoubtedly, the Effedfs of the Prudence 
 and Vigilance of th«ir Commander; who compaffied thefe great 
 Ends and furmounted the Difficulties arifing from the intricate 
 Situation he was in, by fuch Turns of the military Art, as are 
 equal to Vidtories, and fo much the more glorious, as Fortune 
 can claim no Share in them. 
 
 We cannot omit mentioning here, that, whilft the illuftrious 
 Father was thus employed in defending the common Caufe at the 
 Head of the Army of the Empire, his Son George Augujius, 
 then Eledloral Prince, gathered Laurels in the Netherlands-^ 
 where his Father had a Body of Troops that adled in Conjunction 
 with the Allies. Here he greatly fignalized himfelf at the Battle 
 of Oudenarde, and performed fuch Feats of War as were worthy 
 his high Birth, and of the Heroes he was defcended from. 
 
 He bravely charged the Enemy Sword in Hand, as a Volunteer, , 
 at the Head of the Hanoverian Dragoons; whereby his Perfon 
 was brought into imminent Danger, his Horfe having been fhot 
 under him, and the Commander of the Squadron, where he 
 fought, flain in his Prefence. 
 
 From 
 
422 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 The Houft of 'From the difcouraging Profped; the Eleftor had before him^ 
 
 Luneburg. it was natural to expedt, that he would have declined heading 
 
 1709. the Army of the Empire any longer; and indeed, nothing but 
 
 his hearty Zeal for the common Caufe could have prevailed upon 
 him to do otherwife. From this Motive alone, he yielded to the 
 ^repeated Sollicitations of the Allies, who intreated him to com- 
 mand it one Campain more. According to the Promifes which 
 were given him, 80,000 Men were to be this Year on the Rhine-, 
 notwithftanding which, fcarce half that Number aflembled, and 
 that fo late, that General Thungen had much ado, to form the 
 Army in the Month of yune behind the Lines of 'Etlingen. 
 The Eledior, as foon as he had joined it, immediately employed 
 himfelf in putting in Execution a Projedl, which he had formed 
 with the Allies, in Concert with the Duke of Savoy-, which 
 was, that a confiderable Detachment of the Imperial Army 
 fhould pafs the Rhine into the Upper Alfatia, whither the Elec- 
 tor with the whole Army was to follow; whilft the Duke of 
 Savoy ^ who was already advanced as far as Annecy, fhould 
 penetrate into Branche Comte-, which Enterprize the Swifi 
 engaged to favour by granting a Paflage through their Ter- 
 ritories to thofe Troops, that were to adt in it. This was 
 a great Projedl, and would have given a terrible Blow to 
 France, had it been attended with the Succefs, there was Room 
 to expedt from the prudent Meafures that had been taken to 
 bring it to bear. Count Mercy marched towards the Black-Fo- 
 ref at the Head of the Detachment that was ordered into Upper- 
 Alfatia, meanwhile that the Eledtor paffed the Rhine, and made 
 Difpofitions for attacking the Enemy’s Lines, in order to hinder 
 the Marfhal Harcourt, who commanded the French, from de- 
 taching any confiderable Body of Troops to oppofe Count Mer- 
 cy. On the 23d of Auguji the Eledtor marched from Langen- 
 candel, and being arrived near the French Camp, he, with the 
 other Generals, went the next Morning to take an exadt View 
 of the Enemy; in doing which he advanced fo far, that one of 
 
 his 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 4^3 
 
 . his Servants was wounded by a Mulket Ball near his Perfon. He The Houfe of 
 found the Lines very flrong, and was informed by the Spies and 
 Dcferters, that the Marfhal Har court had made but a fmall De- 
 tachment againft Count Mercy ^ and that he was much ftronger 
 than had been reported. 
 
 At his Return to the Army, he received certain Advice, that 
 Count Mercy was arrived at Neuburg^ and that the Generals 
 Breuner and Weickerjheiniy who at the fame Time marched on 
 the other Side of the RhinCy had laid a Bridge over it and joined 
 him. Hereupon a Council of War was called, in which the 
 Generals having confidered on one Hand, the dangerous Confe- 
 quences of being repulfed in the Attack of the Lines, and on 
 the other, how advantageous it would be to fupport the Enter^ 
 prize of Count Mercy y the Eledtor refolved to repafs the Rloine^, 
 and march up along that River to Neuhurg. 
 
 The French made a Shew, as if they would fall on the Rear, 
 but the Eledtor, who was there in Perfon, continued on the o- 
 ther Side of the Rhine till all the Troops were over, and took 
 fuch Precautions, that they durft not attack him. After this,, he 
 ordered the Boats of the Bridge near Philipjburgy. to be put into 
 Waggons, to ferve for laying a Bridge in another Place, and con- 
 tinued his March. But one of his Parties, having on the 28th 
 defeated a Party of the French near Rajladt and brought in fe- 
 veral Prifoners, a Letter was found in the Pocket of one, of them, 
 which gave an Account, that Count Mercy had been routed by 
 Count de Bourg. 
 
 However, little Credit was given to this Letter, and the Elec- 
 tor continued his March ; but this News being confirmed in the 
 Evening, and Advice brought alfo, that the Marfhal Harcourt 
 was in Motion, his Eledtoral Highnefs thought fit to give Orders, 
 to the Army, which was already advanced beyond Rajiadty to. 
 return to Meckenjiurm on this Side of the Murk. There he re-, 
 ceived more Particulars of what had happened to Count Mercy y 
 by which it appeared beyond doubt, that he had been defeated j 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe B r u N s' w i c k. 
 
 of only his Lofs was varioufly reported, fome faying it to confift in 
 400 Men killed, and 1800 Prifonersj whereas others made it 
 amount to 3000 in all ; at the fame Time, that the Lofs of the 
 French was reprefented to be 2000 Slain, and 1000 wounded. 
 
 How little foever this Lofs might appear to be, it was cer- 
 tainly a great one for the Army of the Empire, becaufe it dif- 
 appointed the main Projeft of the Campain, as well on the 
 .Rhine as on the Side of Savoy 'y where the French being much 
 inferior in Number to the Duke of Savoy, adted only on the De- 
 fenfive; and had this Projed proved fuccefsful, would have been 
 inclofed between two Armies, or elfe obliged to retire, and to 
 leave all the French Provinces, till then untouched and defence- 
 lefs to the Mercy of the Allies. The Defeat of this Body 
 difappointed all thofe great Defigns to the no fmall Concern of 
 his Electoral Highnefs. Count Mercy had gained confiderable 
 Reputation before this Difgrace, which was the Reafon the E- 
 le6tor pitched upon him to manage an Enterprize, on which 
 fo much depended. Many pitied him, while others feverely 
 blamed his Condud:, faying, that he had difobeyed Orders, in 
 quitting his Intrenchments, where he might have been fafe j and 
 that the Eledor would have joined him in two Days, for which 
 Purpofe he had provided a great Number of Waggons, to carry 
 Provilions, Ammunition, and Part of his Infantry, that nothing 
 might retard his March. 
 
 As Count Mercy was chiefly concerned in this Adion, and by 
 many blamed for the unfortunate Iflue of it; it will not be amifs 
 to infert the Account he himfelf gave to his Eledoral Highnefs of 
 what happened on this Occaflon, with an Apology of his Condud. 
 “ According to the Orders of your Eledoral Highnefs, I fet 
 “ out the 1 2th of Augufi from VilUngen, having upon my own 
 “ Credit made the necelTary Difpofitions that were wanting, as 
 well In Refped to Provifions and Ammunition, befides what 
 “ I had agreed for with General Harp, and which I could not 
 “ have from Friburg j and with three Battallions of Guttenjlein, 
 ‘‘ Arnon, and Went, two Battaillons of Hildepeim, and one of 
 
 y Saltzburg, 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 425 
 
 " Saltzburgy the two Regiments of Horfe of Neuburg and The ^Houfe of 
 “ BreuneVy and 200 Hufars arrived the fame Day at ibieuf- 
 tadt’y whilft a Detachment of 200 Men of the Regiments of 
 Oettingen and the hereditary Prince of Wiirtenbergy 100 Huf- 
 fars and 300 Foot detached from the Battallions aforefaid, 
 
 “ were fent to guard the Materials for a Bridge, and join Count 
 “ Brenner y who was gone before to Friburgy to get all in Rea- 
 “ dinefs, and affemble another Battallion of Saltzburg and two 
 “ of ReiJJjach and Enjberg, The 19th, I marched to Allef- 
 “ ‘wiedy but feeing the Infantry could not march with the re- 
 “ quiiite Expedition, I left the fame under the Command of 
 “ General WeickerJImniy with Orders to continue their March the 
 “ 20th hy Ganders y and join Count at Having 
 
 “ continued my March through Switzerla?idy I arrived the 2 lit 
 “ at Ten o’Clock in the Morning at OtmerJfjeinty as it had been 
 “ projected, and according to what I had the Honour to write 
 “ to your Eledtoral Highnefs from Villingen. The taking of a 
 “ Poll at Burgfcldy where the French had fome Men under a 
 “ Lieutenant Colonel, gave the Alarm to the Enemy, who re- 
 “ tired with three Bataillons and five Squadrons to Brietzeiiy un- 
 “ der the Cannon of Old and New Brifachy and left only fome 
 “ Peafants in feveral Redoubts ; which they immediately aban- 
 . doned, as well as the Ifland of Neuburgy feeing I was pre- 
 “ paring to attack them, and we took fome few Prifoners. 
 
 “ Count Brenner could not arrive till late in the Night, which 
 “ was fpent in unloading our Boats or Pontons, and putting 
 “ them into Water, and the next Day, being the 22d, we 
 “ went about to lay our Bridge j but through the Rapidity of 
 “ the Stream, the too great Lightnefs of the Boats, and the 
 “ Difficulty of fixing the Anchors, it could not be perfedled 
 “ till the 23d at Noon; in the mean Time we worked with all 
 “ poffible Diligence to fortify the Heads of the faid Bridge on 
 “ both Sides of the River, though the Works on the Side of 
 Brisgau were carried on but (lowly, becaufe of the Difficulty 
 
 I i i ‘‘ and 
 
Brunfwick 
 
 Luneburg. 
 
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 ^26 Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick. 
 
 The Houfe of and Extent of the Ground we were obliged to take, for pof- 
 feffing the rifing Grounds about the fame. The reft of the 
 Day we fpent in fecuring fuch Redoubts as were judged ne- 
 ceftary for the Security of the Bridge, and I took a View of the 
 Country for a Camp, which I marked out in a pretty good 
 Situation, but of too great an Extent for the Troops I had 
 with me. The 24th we continued our Works, and to view 
 the Country ; but being informed in the Evening, that the 
 Count de Bourg had been reinforced, I caufed the Troops to be 
 upon their Guard all that Night, and fent Spies and Parties 
 abroad to get Intelligence of the Enemy. They confirmed 
 the Account I had received, with the Addition, that Mr. de 
 Immecourt was marching with further Reinforcements, his In- 
 fantry being carried in Waggons, in Order to attack me on 
 the Side of Neuburg^ whilft the Count de Bourg was march- 
 ing towards me with 20 Squadrons, 6 Battaillons, 6 Compa- 
 nies of Grenadiers, and a Detatchment of 1 0 Men per Com- 
 pany of the Garrifon of Brifach. 
 
 “ Seeing all thefe Preparations ready to fall upon me, I re- 
 folved narrowly to obferve the Enemy, and attack the firft 
 Body that fhould advance. Co\xi\tde Bourg marched the 26th, 
 whereof I was immediately informed by the Parties who ob- 
 ferved him; whereupon I ordered Count Breuner to join me 
 with 4 Pieces of Canon, 600 Foot, and 1800 Horfe, and 
 60 HuJfarS'j leaving General Weickerjheim to fecure our Bridge 
 and the Iflands with 4 Pieces of Canon, and the Regiments 
 of Saltzburg^ Reifchach and Enfberg^ with 300 Hujfars^ be- 
 fides two Parties that were patrolling between Brifach and 
 Huningeny and alfo a Bataillon of Hildejheim^ which was left 
 in the Iflands and in the Works, at the Head of the Bridge, 
 which we had no Time to finifh. I fent the Equipages into 
 the Iflands, and having palTed a Rivulet, drew up in order of 
 Battle, to march to the Enemy upon two Lines. The Re- 
 giment of Horfe of Neuburg on my Right, that of Breuner 
 
 on 
 
 (( 
 
 *( 
 
 it 
 
 (( 
 
 a 
 
 if 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^/'Brunswick. ^27 
 
 on the Left, the Infantry in the Center, and Detachments The iioufe of 
 aforefaid making my Body of Referve. The HuJJars were Lu^fau'rg 
 ‘‘ fent before, to obferve the Motions of the Enemy. After an 
 Hour’s March we difcovered them on the Hill, where is a 
 ‘‘ Farm belonging to the yefuits^ into which they had putfome 
 “ Infantry. I continued to advance, and that Farm being in 
 “ my Center, I ordered the Body of Referve to come into the 
 ‘‘ Lines, whereby I made a Front pretty equal to the Enemy, 
 
 “ and gave Orders to attack them on all Sides at the fame Time. 
 
 “ I put myfelf at the Head of the Regiment of Neubiirg on 
 “ the Right,but was immediately abandoned by the fame, except 
 “ by the Colonel and two Troops, which having charged the 
 Enemy, were foon beaten. I endeavoured to rejoin my In- 
 ** fan try, which had put that of the Enemy into fome Diforder, 
 
 “ but found it impoffible, the fame being furrounded by the 
 Enemy, and I narrowly efcaped being taken. I joined the 
 ** Regiment of Breuner, and found that the General of that 
 “ Name had been killed in the Beginning of the Adtion, and 
 “ that Part of them had been broke, the Flight of the Regi- 
 “ ment of Neuburg having given the Enemy an Opportunity 
 to take them in Flank. A Captain called Helmeyer^ rallied 
 “ fome few Troopers, and with them I endeavoured to join 
 “ fix other Troops of the fame Regiment, which had forced 
 Part of the Right of the French to give Way, and purfued 
 them fo far, that I could not join them j and they could nei- 
 ther return to the •Bridge, the Enemy being polled between 
 “ them and the faid Bridge. I endeavoured to force my Way 
 " to the fame, but having with me only the Major of Neuburg^ 
 
 “ the Captain of Breuner zforeMd, and 14 or 15 Troopers, we 
 ** could not open a PafTage through nine Squadrons drawn up in 
 good Order. One of them advanced to charge us, but was 
 “ repulfed. Things being in this Diforder, I had no other 
 Courfe to take, but to retreat through Smtzerland, as did alfo 
 “ the fix Troops of Brenner, which pafTed the Hart, that they 
 
 I i i 2 ** might 
 
428 
 
 The Houfe of 
 
 Brunfwick 
 
 Luneburg. 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe (^Brunswick, 
 
 “ might not be cut off in their Retreat to Rheinfeld. I went to 
 “ Neuburg^ but was informed, that General WeickerJImm had 
 “ abandoned thelfland,the Bridge and Part of the Equipages before 
 “ he was attacked, though I had ordered him to defend the fame 
 “ to the laft Extremity. I returned thereupon to Friburg^ 
 “ where the Remains of our Troops met again, and there ap- 
 “ peared to be 2600 Men miffing, either killed, wounded, or 
 “ Prifoners. 'Vh.Q French owi\, they had 1500 Men wounded, 
 ‘‘ and near 500 killed upon the Spot; and it is certain, that they 
 “ would have been beaten, had the Regiment of Neubiirg be- 
 “ haved themfelves as I expedled, and the Enemy do not difown 
 “ it. We have taken two Standards from them, and they have 
 taken three from us, with the Kettle Drums of Neuburg. 
 
 “ This is a genuine Account of the Adtion; but as your Elec- 
 “ toral Highnefs dehres to know the Reafons, which obliged 
 “ me to march to the Enemy, inftead of expedting them in my 
 “ Camp, I muft in the firfl Place take Notice, that the Enemy 
 “ intending to attack me on two Sides, I ffiould have been pen- 
 “ ned up in a Corner, from whence I could neither advance nor 
 “ retreat, and where our two Flanks would have been expofed 
 to their Cannon. I had befides put fome Men in three Re- 
 “ doubts, from whence it would have been eafy to ruin our 
 “ Bridge, which I could not fuftain without marching out of 
 my Camp. Had I retired into the Ifland, it would have been 
 “ impoffible for me to retreat, after the Ruin of my Bridge, and 
 ‘‘ I ffiould have remained at the Difcretion of the Enemy. I 
 ** had therefore no other way left, than to fall upon the firfl; 
 “ Body of the Enemy, that ffiould advance againft me, or elfe 
 to retire to Friburg-, feeing that, having abandoned the firfl 
 Arm of the Rhine^ I was unable to return into Alfatia. As 
 “ your Eledloral Highnefs intended to maintain that Pofl,. 
 “ through fome other Reafons, which there is no need to al- 
 ledge here, and that I could not do it without Fighting, I 
 marched to attack them in a Spot of Ground, of which I had 
 
 taken 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. ^29 
 
 “ taken a View, and where I had Reafon to proinife myfelf riie Houfe of 
 “ the Victory, if the Regiment of Neubiirg had feconded my^uneburg. 
 
 “ Intentions, and followed the Difpolitions I had made, accord- 
 “ ing to the Plan I have fent to Your Eledloral Highnefs. I 
 “ hope that the Situation of the Enemy, and the Reafons afore- 
 faid, will perfuade Your Eledloral Highnefs, that I was necef- 
 “ fitated to fight. I have this Comfort in my Misfortune, that 
 “ I have nothing to reproach myfelf withal j but I had not the 
 “ Secret to preferve People from Fear. I have loft in this un- 
 “ fortunate Action all my Equipages, and have preferved nothing 
 “ but my Orders and a Letter from Your Electoral Highnefs 
 “ of the 1 8th of Augujl. I had 6000 Men in all, whereof 
 “ 4200 Men were concerned in the Adion, and 8 Pieces of 
 “ Cannon, whereof 4 are loft, and the other 4 brought back to 
 “ this Place. As to the Bridge, the Iflands, and what was 
 therein, General Weickerjheim^ who is gone before, to wait 
 upon Your Eledoral Highnefs, will doubtlefs give a particular 
 “ Account thereof, which I with may be fatisfadory. As for 
 “ me, I could not be in the Fight and at the Bridge at the fame 
 “ Time, and it was not becoming me to be one of the firft who 
 “ retired thither. • I did whatever was in my Power to re-efta- 
 ‘‘ blifh an Affair, which was put into Diforder merely through 
 the Panick Fear of the Regiment of Neuburg ; but I will 
 not trouble Your Eledoral Highnefs with any farther Argu- 
 “ ments on the Caufe of my Misfortune, which I impute to 
 “ my ill Fate. I wifh it had proved more fortunate, for the 
 “ Satisfadion of Your Eledoral Highnefs, and remain 
 
 Friburg, Sept. 7, 
 1709. 
 
 Signedj 
 
 Count M E R c y. 
 
 The Emperor and the Allies were greatly affeded at the News 
 of this Adion. Some of the Generals being accufed of having 
 been wanting in Point of Condud, and feme of the Troops in 
 
 Point 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 
 
 of Point of Courage, the Eledor made Inftances to have this Af- 
 fair narrowly looked into. After this the Army with a View to 
 hinder the French from fending Reinforcements to the Nether-- 
 lands, kept the Field till the Fortrefs of Mans furrendered j 
 whereupon the French, as well as the Army of the Empire, went 
 into Winter Quarters, and his Electoral Highnefs returned to 
 Hanover leaving the Command of the Army to General 
 Gronsfeld. 
 
 The Difappointment the Eledtor had met with from the Re- 
 mifnefs of the Empire during thefe three Campains, at length 
 kindled his juft Refentment j his generous Spirit could no longer 
 brook to adl a Part, fo unbecoming a Prince of his high Rank, as to 
 fuffer his Reputation dwindle away at the Head of an infigni- 
 ficant ill regulated Number of Troops of the Circles, whilft his 
 own well difciplined Forces were facrificed in the Netherlands, 
 to raife the Fame of other Generals. He had already done more 
 than could be expedted, to prove his Zeal for the common 
 Caufe of Europe and his Deference to the Intreaties of the Allies; 
 wherefore he fully refolved to lay down the Command of the 
 Army of the Empire, and lignified the fame by a Letter to the 
 Imperial Court. The Emperor immediately returned an Anfwer, 
 and moft earneftly prefled his Eledloral Highnefs to continue in 
 it; he promifed, that all neceflary Meafures fliould be taken, 
 for putting the Army into fuch a Pofture, as he defired. But 
 thefe Promifes had been made fo often, and to fo little Purpofe, 
 that no further Credit could be given to them. On this Account 
 he perfifted in his Refolutlon, declaring “ That it was not only 
 “ difagreeable but prejudicial to him, to head the Army any 
 ** longer, and that he hoped, it would not be infifted upon, 
 ** that he fhould again take upon him a Command, from which 
 
 he could not promife himfelf any Honour, nor the Publick 
 expedl any Advantage.” However, he left his Troops with 
 the Army of the Empire, while thofe he had with the Allies 
 in the Netherlands ; continued to fecond them there. 
 
 It 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 43 i 
 
 It has been faid above, that upon the conferring the Ninth The Houfe 
 Elediorate on the Houfe of Brunfwick-Luneburg it was agreed, LwJebur^. 
 that in Cafe the Eighth Electorate became vacant, , that then the 
 Office of Arch-'Treafurer of the Empire fhould pafs to this new ' 
 Electorate. The Palatine Houfe, which formerly had the Fifth' ' 
 
 Place in the Electoral College, after the unhappy Battle, Frederic 
 King of Bohemia and EleCtor Palatine fought near Prague in • 
 
 1621, loft this Dignity with the Upper Palatinate^ which Maxi- 
 milian Duke of Bavaria acquired to his Houfe. At the enfuing 
 Peace of Wejiphalia the Palatine Houfe was reftored to its Pof- 
 feffions, except the Upper Palatinate j and an eighth Electorate 
 was erected in its Favour, to which the Office of Arch-Freafurer 
 was annexed. At this Time the EleCtor of Bavaria being pro-- 
 fcribed, the Palatine Houfe returned to its former Place in the 
 Electoral College, and thus the Office of Arch-Freafurer became 
 vacant j with which his Electoral HighnefsNG£“or^^ Lewis was 
 now invefted. It happened fome Years after, that upon the Re- 
 ftoration of the EleCtor of Bavaria^ the Palatine Houfe returned 
 to the eighth Electorate j notwithftanding which, the Houfe of 
 Brunfwick-Luneburg kept, and ftill keeps Poffeffion of the Dig- 
 nity of Arch-'Treafurer^ till another fuitable Office is found out 
 and annexed to the ninth Electorate. 
 
 About this Time an Affair was brought before the Diet of 
 Ratifbon, which befides the great Nolfe it made, gave all Europe 
 an Inftance of the Houfe of Brunfwick's extraordinary Zeal in 
 Behalf of the Proteftants. It has been faid in its proper Place, 
 that this Houfe poflefled a great Part of the Bhhoprick of Hi Ide- 
 Jheim for the Space of above one Hundred Years, and yielded its 
 Pofleffions to Ferdinand EleCtor of Cologn and Bifhop of that See, 
 by a Convention concluded between them in 1643. The free 
 Exercife of the Proteftant Religion was in general Terms ftlpu-- 
 lated in that Treaty, and more particularly fo in another ligned at 
 the fame Time, intitled. The Convention of Religion^ wherein all 
 Difputes on this Score were obviated, as far as human Prudence 
 
 would 
 
432 
 
 The HoiKe ot 
 
 Brunfwick 
 
 Luncburg. 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 
 would permit. The Treaty of Wejlphalia^ which enfued here- 
 upon, enjoined, that the Affairs of Religion in the Empire fhould 
 be rcflored, and remain for the future on the fame Footing they 
 were upon in 1624 ; and by a new Treaty, called A Conjijiorial 
 Corrcention^ made in 1651 for the Execution of that Peace be- 
 tween the Deputies of the Elecflor of Mayence and the Houfe of 
 Brimfivick, and ratified in 1652 hy Maximilian Henry IBXtdiOT: 
 of Cologn and BiQiop of Hilde/lseim, it was efpecially and in plain 
 Terms provided, that the Proteftants fhould not only enjoy a 
 free and unlimited Exercife of their Religion in that Bifhoprick, 
 but alfo that their Confiftorial Affairs fhould not for the future be 
 brought before the Chancery or Court of the Bifhop of Hildejloeim^ 
 but be decided by a Confiftory of their own j which was re- 
 eftablifhed for that Purpofe, in the fame Condition it was in, in 
 the Year 1624. 
 
 There was Room to believe that after fo many explicit Conven- 
 tions, all Pretences to future Incroachments on the Rights and 
 Liberties of the Proteftants in that Biftioprick were fufficiently 
 provided againftj but itfoon appeared, that there is no Barrier ftrong 
 enough to reprefs the furiousZeal of a blind Clergy. They perfuaded 
 the Regency of Hildejheim^ to infringe in numberlefs Inftances 
 the Treaty of Wejiphalia^ and the particular Conventions above- 
 mentioned, in order to deprive the Proteftants of their Liberties. 
 They built RomiJJj Churches in feveral Places, where they had 
 none in the Year 1624, whilft in others they feized by Force 
 on thofe of the Proteftants, and introduced therein their Worlhip ; 
 they forced Proteftants, who were fick, to make ufe of Popifh 
 Priefts, inftead of their own Minifters ; they deprived the Pro- 
 teftant Clergy and School Mafters of their Income, compelled 
 the Proteftants to obferve the Romifh Holy Days j publickly 
 fold their Livings to the higheft Bidders, violated, or rather totally 
 fuppreffed the Privilege of their Confiftory, by taking from them 
 the Cognizance of fuch Affairs, as were to be brought before 
 -them, commanding the Magiftrates to have no Regard to the 
 
 Injundions 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe Br u n s w i c k. 
 
 Injun( 5 Hons of the faid Conhdoryj and infringed the Treaty of 
 U'ejlphalia and the aforefaid Conventions in a thoufand other In- 
 flances, which it would be too long to enumerate. 
 
 The Proteflants complained of thefe Infractions to Maximilian 
 Henry, EleClor of Cologn and Bifhop of Hildejkeim, and after his 
 Death to his SuccefTor in that Biflioprick, but without any Suc- 
 cefs. They applied to the Imperial Chamber at Wetzlar, which 
 after having examined their Complaints, iffued feveral Decrees in 
 their Favour j but the Catholicks finding Means to evade 
 
 the Effect thereof, the Cafe of the Proteflants grew every Day 
 worfe and worfe ; the Decrees of that Tribunal being made a 
 Pretence to perfecute them in a more arbitrary Manner, without 
 any Regard had to theirRights and Liberties however well founded. 
 
 The Proteflants having thus tried to no Purpofe, to obtain 
 Redrefs of their Grievances, applied to the Directors of the Circle 
 of the Lower Saxony, and in particular to the Houfe of Brunf- 
 wick, as being the chief Party concerned in the Conventions 
 above mentioned : but the Letters written by that Houfe to the 
 lafl Bifhop, and fince his Deceafe to the Chapter, having proved 
 as infignificant as the other Methods ufed by the Proteflants, the 
 Houfe of Briinfwick, which was obliged to maintain the Con- 
 vention they had made with the Bifliop and Chapter of Hildef- 
 beim, refolved in the Year 1703 to fequefler all the Revenues 
 of the faid Chapter within the Dominions of their Houfe j in 
 order to try, whether this Expedient would be more effe<Sual 
 than thofe already made ufe of, to bring the Chapter to Reafon. 
 
 This feemed at firfl to have the defired EffeCl the Chapter 
 gave Affurances by Letters and Deputies fent to the Houfe of 
 Brunswick, that the Grievances of the Proteflants fhould be 
 redreffed, according to the Tenor of the feveral Treaties and 
 Conventions. They made the fame Declarations to the Proteflant 
 States affembled at the Diet of the Empire, and the Emperor and 
 fome other Roman Catholick Princes interceding in their Favour, 
 an Agreement was drawn up, and the Sequeflration of their 
 
 K k k Revenues 
 
434 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 The Houfe of Revenues taken off in the Year 1709. But fcarce was this done, 
 iXburg. when without any Regard to thefe Promifes, the Chapter conti- 
 nued their former Courfe, and inftead of redreffing the Griev- 
 ances of the Proteftants, made new Incroachments on their Li- 
 berties. They feized on their Church-yards, or Burying Places, 
 and ordered the Magiftrates to affift the Roman Clergy in thefe 
 Violences ; the Sale of Livings was continued in a moft fcanda- 
 lous manner, and fuch Parllhes were punilhed as endeavoured to 
 oppofe this Pradlice. They even deprived the Proteftant Confif- 
 tory of the very Shadow of Authority it ftill preferved, by an- 
 nulling in Behalf of Roman Catholicks, the Sentences it pro- 
 nounced. 
 
 The Houfe of Brunfwick being informed of thefe unworthy 
 Proceedings, put the Chapter in Mind at repeated Times, of the 
 Promifes and Agreements, they had made during the Sequeftra- 
 tion of their Revenues. However they periided in their Purpofe, 
 and roundly declared, that the Conjijiorial Convejition abovemen- 
 tioned, was no way obligatory to the Bifhop or Chapter, and that 
 confequently they were not bound to obferve it j and yet this 
 Convention had been made in Prefence of the Deputies of the 
 Chapter of HildeJJjeim, who put their Hands and Seal to it ; 
 which Convention, belides, had been ratified by the Bifliop, and 
 acknowledged by the Imperial Chamber of Wttzlar for the 
 Foundation and Bafis of the religious Liberties of the Proteftants 
 of Hildejhei?n^ and had been owned as luch by the Chapter, as 
 appeared by their Letters during the Time that their Revenues 
 were under Sequeftrafion. 
 
 This unexpedted Declaration of the Chapter was not only en- 
 tered into their Regiffer, but they had the Confidence to fend a 
 Copy of it to his Electoral Highnefs ; w’ho plainly perceiving 
 thereby, that they did not fincerely intend to redrefs the Grievan- 
 ces complained of, refolved upon taking proper Meafures, to main- 
 tain the above Conventions, and confequently the Liberties of the 
 Proteftants of Hildejheim, To this End he ordered a Detach- 
 ment 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe <?/'Brunswick. 431 
 
 ment of Dragoons to enter the Bifhoprick, which made them-The Houfe of 
 felves Mafters of the Fortrefs of Peina, and feizedon the City ofLunckl^g. 
 Hildepeim^ and on the three Bailiwicks of Steinbrucky Marien- 
 burgy and Widelach. The Chapter made heavy Complaints, and 
 demanded the Evacuation of their Territories, which his Elec- 
 toral Highnefs agreed to do, as foon as fufficient Security fhould 
 be given to the Proteftants for the Enjoyment of their juft Rights 
 and Priveleges : At length the Chapter thought it prudent, to 
 give the Eleilor intire Satisfadlion, by renewing or confirming 
 the former Agreements ; whereupon his Eledoral Highnefs 1711, 
 gave a noble Proof of his Uprightnefs and Sincerity, by imme- 
 diately withdrawing his Forces from their Country. 
 
 From the Time that his Eledloral Highnefs refigned the Com- 
 mand of the Army of the Empire, nothing remarkable happen- 
 ed on the RhinCy both Armies there keeping on the Defenfive j 
 whereas the War in the Netherlands was carried on with Vigour. 
 
 Francey whofe Intereft it was to difunite the Powers leagued 
 againft it, left no Stone unturned to attain this End, and at 
 length prevailed upon the Court of Great-Britainy to enter into 
 a feparate Negotiation of Peace. His Eledroral Highnefs, being 
 more attentive than any other Prince of Europe to what- 
 ever affedled the Common Caufe, had Reprefentations made to 
 her Majefty Q^cn Ann by his Minifter, on the Neceflity there 
 was of keeping up a perfed: Union between the Allies, and of 
 their acting in Concert for procuring a General Peace j ordering 
 him at the fame Time, to lay before her the pernicious Con- 
 fequences that muft enfue to Europe in general, and to the Britijli 
 Nation in particular, fhould a contrary Courfe be purfued, and 
 fhould Spain and the Indies be left to the Duke of Anjou j in 
 which laft Cafe, the Crowns of France and Spain could be con- 
 fidered in no other Light than one Power. Notwithftanding the 
 Strength and Cogency of the Arguments, wherewith his Elec- 
 toral Highnefs fupported his Reprefentations, ( a Detail whereof, 
 may be met with in the Annals of the Reign of Queen Ann ) 
 
 Kkk 2 France 
 
43 
 
 6 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick.. 
 
 Theiioufeof Frufice, though exhaufted, and as it were vanquhhed, had the 
 LuTcburg. Fortune to fiicced in its Aim: a Sufpenlion of Arms be- 
 
 1712. tween that Crown and Great-Britain was agreed to, whereupon 
 J-I3. a Peace came to be concluded at Utrecht the Year following. 
 This was a fatal Blow for the Allies, as it conhderably weakened 
 them: However the Eledor ftill continued flridly to adhere to the 
 Common Caufe, and kept his Troops in the Armies of the con- 
 federated Powers to the End of the following Campain j when 
 the two capital Fortreffes of Landau and I'riburg having fallen 
 into the Hands of the French, the Emperor found himfelf oblig- 
 ed to renounce the War, and to conclude in his Name and in 
 1714. that of the Empire, a Peace with France 2X Rajiadt, and at 
 Bade?! in Switzerland, 
 
 As the Houfe of Brunjwick-Lu?ieburg had fo great a Share in 
 the War hitherto carried on againll; France, fo was it equally 
 concerned in both Treaties of Peace made with that Crown : For 
 in that concluded at Rajladt and Baden, France, which to this 
 Time had difowned the Eledoral Dignity in the Houfe of Lune- 
 burg, naw formally acknowledged it, with all the Rights and 
 Prerogatives thereto appertaining; whilft by the Treaty made 
 with Great-Britam at Utrecht, it owned the Succeffion to the 
 Britijlo Realms, according as it was limited by Adis of Parlia- 
 rrient in Favour of the Princefs Sophia, Eledlrefs Dowager of 
 Brunfwick-Luneburg, and her Defcendants. 
 
 This Princefs lived not to enjoy the Crowns that were defined 
 for her. Her Conftitution, which was excellent not with {landing 
 her advanced Age, feemed to prefage that her Death was not 
 nigh at Hand, when an Apopledlic Fit feized her on the 8th of 
 1714. June N. S. and the fame Day put an End to her Life. She had 
 then almoft compleated her 84th Year ; along Period indeed if 
 confidered by itfelf, but which appeared flaort to fuchas had the 
 Honour of being perfonally acquainted with her, and knew how 
 to value true Merit. The Virtues which flione forth in this il- 
 luftrious Princefs for fo many Years, added fo much Dignity to 
 
 her 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswtck.. 43 
 
 her Birth and Rank, that her Character will for ever be an Orna- 
 ment to the Hiftory of E?jgland, as w'ell as to that of Germany. Lunebu-^. 
 Her Knowledge in Divinity, Hiftory, and Philofophy was fuch, 
 as intitled her to the Admiration of the learned World, and ren- 
 dered her Converfation both inftrudive and entertaining. To 
 the Sprightlinefs of her Wit was joined a folid Judgment, culti- 
 vated and adorned not only by Reading and Study, but likevvife 
 by Obfervation and Experience j which made her the Delight of 
 a Court, at the fame Time they inabled her to tranfad Affairs of 
 the higheft Concern. The Greatnefs of her Soul bore an equai 
 Proportion with her other eminent Endowments, and helped to 
 give new Weight to all flie faid and did. Pomp and Majefly die 
 knew muft be kept up by fuch, as Providence has placed in an 
 exalted Station j but thefe fhe was ufed to temper with fo much 
 Sweetnefs and Affibility, that what was a Duty to thofe about 
 her, became at the fame Time a Pleafure. She enjoyed 
 fo great a Fund of Happinefs, that it could not be confined with- 
 in narrow Bounds; it overflowed as it were, and was felt by all 
 that approached her Perfon, fo that fhe feemed to be born for no 
 other End, than to promote the Good of others. To clofe up 
 the whole, her Piety, though exemplary, was without Affeda- 
 tion, and no one was ever more lludious to prevent, or more ac- 
 tive to fupprefs than die, all that tended towards difturbing Peace 
 and Tranquillity. A Life thus fpent, being properly fpeaking 
 Immortality commenced here below, needed no Warning to 
 prepare for a future State ; and where Princes of fo diftinguidied 
 a Charader are at the Helm or on the Entail, their Subjeds 
 may reafonably exped a long Series of Blefdngs. 
 
 The Death of this Princefs was followed a few Weeks after, 
 by that of her Majefly Queen Ann who, leaving nolffue, his 
 Eledoral Highnefs’s Right to the Britijh Crowns, purfuant to the 
 Provifion made in that Refped, took Place; and accordingly, 
 on the ifl of Augiiji^ the Day of the Q^en’s Death, he was 
 proclaimed at the ufual Places, and with the ufual Ceremonies, 
 
43 ^ 
 
 The Houfe 
 Brunfwick 
 Luneburg. 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 King of Great-Britain, France^ and Ireland^ Defender of the 
 Faiths &c. The Lords Juftices, confifting of the feven great 
 Officers of the Crown, appointed Regents by A6t of Parliament, 
 during the Abfence of the Succeffor to the Crown, with thofe 
 whom his Majefty King George had chofen to be added to that 
 Number, having a few Days after acquainted the Parliament with 
 wffiat had been done hitherto forthe Security of the Kingdoms, and 
 requefted their Concurrence in thofe Matters that were to be tranf- 
 adled untill they received the King’s Orders: both Houfes, after 
 having taken the Oaths to the King, found the firft Step they ought 
 to take was, to invite his Majefty to haften tothefe Kingdoms. An 
 Addrefs to this Purpofe, directed to the King, was prefented to 
 the Lords Juftices, who had already of their own Accord fent 
 the Earl of Dorfet to his Majefty with the fame Intreaty. 
 
 During the Time that his Majefty’s Arrival was expected, the 
 Commons, to give a frefh Proof of their Duty and Affedtion to 
 his Majefty, as well as of the Unanimity of his Subjedls, fliewed 
 themfelves very earneft in paffing the Civil-Lif-Billy and on 
 the loth, O. S, a Refolution pafled, contradkente : “ that 
 
 “ towards the Supply granted to his Majefty, for the Support of 
 “ his Majefty’s Houfhold and of the Honour and Dignity of 
 “ the Crown, the fame Revenues, which were payable to her 
 “ late Majefty Queen Ann^ during her Life, and had Continu- 
 “ ance to the Time of her Demife, be granted and continued/ 
 in like Manner to his Majefty during his Life; except the Re— 
 venue of the Dutchy of Cornwall^ which is by Law vefted 
 “ in his Royal Highnefs the Prince, as Duke of Cornwall ^ and 
 “ alfo refolved, that the faid Revenue be continued from the^ 
 “ Death of her late Majefty’*. 
 
 As foon as the King received News of the (^een’s Death, and 
 of this Proclamation, he fent further loftrudions to the Lords 
 Juftices with his Thanks to both Houfes for their affedlionate 
 Addrefs, as well as for the Sincerity and Unanimity, wherewith, 
 they had taken the Oaths to him. His Majefty at the fame 
 
 Time, 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe <^Brunswick. 439 
 
 Time having exprefTed his Intention forthwith to fet out for E7tg- Houfe ef 
 land^ a Fleet confiding of 16 Men of War, two Frigats, fix l 3 u’J. 
 Yachts, and eighteen Tranfports, under the Command of the 
 Earl of Berkley^ fet fail for Holland^ and arrived the 28th N. S. 
 in the MaeJCy to join a Dutch Squadron, which the States-Ge- 
 neral had ordered for efcorting his Majefty to his Britijh Domi- 
 nions ; agreeable to the Engagements they had entered into for 
 the Guaranty of the Succeffion to the Crown of Great-Britam in 
 the Proteftant Line. The King, however, did not fet out from 
 Herrenhaufen till on the 1 1. Sept. N. S. and arrived at the Hague 
 on the 16th. The States-Generaly on the Frontiers of their Do- 
 minions, complimented his Majefty by their Deputies, who con- 
 ducted him to the Old Palace at the Hague ; where he received 
 the fame Honours the States-General ufed to pay to King Willi- 
 am. His Majefty having continued there till the 27 N. S. or 
 16 G. S. he embarked that Day, and landed at Greenwich the 
 Saturday following, which was the i8th of Sept. O. S. The 
 Archbilhop of Canterbury y who during the Time of the laft: 
 
 Miniftry had not appeared at Court, lent the King his Hand 
 when his Majefty fet Foot on Shore, and the Lord Fligh Chan- 
 cellor at the Head of the Regency, complimented him j after 
 which he was conducted to the Palace of Greenwich y whither 
 a prodigious Number of People had flocked to fee their new 
 Monarch. We need not add, that his Majefty was received by 
 all true Britons with great Demonftrations of Joy. No lefs could 
 be expected from a Nation, who,' ever attentive to its Liberties, 
 had with fo much Deliberation fettled the Crowns of thefe 
 Realms on his Auguft and Moft Serene Houfe, from a Conviction 
 that thefe valuable Bleflings, together with the Proteftant Reli- 
 o-ion, could not be under more faithful Guardians, nor Pofterity 
 be better fecured againft Oppreftion and Arbitrary Power. 
 
 Here an ample Field opens to our View, arifing from the va- 
 rious Events that happened from the Time of his Majefty ’s Arri- 
 val in England to that of his Death, viz. His publick Entry in- 
 
 to 
 
4^0 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 The Houfe of to hIs Capital. The Solemnity of his Coronation. The Demo- 
 
 Lu"e Uir". htion of the Works at Mardyk, and of Dunkirk Harbour. The 
 
 Conclufion of the Barrier 'T’reaty. The unnatural Rebellion 
 that broke out, and was afterwards fuppreffed in thefe Kingdoms. 
 The Triple Mliance concluded between Great-Britain^ the Em- 
 peror , and France ; which afterwards became a ^adruple Jllli- 
 ance by the AccefTion of Holland^ The War which Spain car- 
 ried on againft Sardinia and Sicily y wherein Great-Britain was 
 confiderably interefled, as well as in the Regulations made with 
 Refpedl to the Succeffion to the Grand Dutchy of Tufcany^ and 
 to the Diitchies of Parma and Placentia. The Treaty of Pajfa- 
 ro^witz concluded between the Emperor and the TurkSy through 
 the Mediation of Great-Britain and Holland. The Defign of 
 the Crown of Spain upon Scotla?id in Favour of the Pretender, 
 and the Defcent of the Englijh on the Coaft of Gallicia. The 
 wife Meafures taken by his Majefty and his Parliament for re-ef- 
 tablifhing the publick Credit, prejudiced by the Mifdemeanours 
 of the Directors of the South-Sea Company. The Acceffion of 
 Spain to the ^adruple AlliancCy and the giving up of Gibraltar, 
 fo much difputed by that Crown, with the Angular Advantages 
 thence arifing to the Britijh Commerce. The Alliance conclud- 
 ed between his Majefty and Sueden, together with his Mediation 
 for bringing about a Peace between that Realm and Denmark. 
 The Treaty of Viemia, and that of Hanover in Oppofition to it. 
 The failing of three Englifh Squadrons for the Baltick, the Coaft 
 of Spain and the South- Sea. The Advantage which Europe in 
 general, and Great-Britain in particular, received from this for- 
 midable Armament. The Difputes about the Company. 
 The Siege of Gibraltar. The long and difficult Negotiations 
 between Great-Britain, the Emperor, France, Holland, and 
 Spain, for fettling Preliminaries, in order to conclude a General 
 Peace. 
 
 Thefe are feme of the moft material Tranfadlions, that occur 
 in King George's Reign over the Britijh Realms, and which on 
 
 account 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe ^Brunswick. 441 
 
 account of their Importance ought to have fallen here under our 
 Confideration : But as thefe Memoirs are already fwelled to a Luneburg. 
 much greater Bulk than was propofed, we muft confine ourfelves 
 to the bare mentioning of them. However, it will be proper 
 to obferve, that the ftridter his Majefty’s Conduit is examined 
 into, the more clearly it will appear, that throughout the whole 
 Courfe of his Adminiftratlon his Views had no other Tendency, 
 than to maintain a juft Equilibrium in Europe^ whereon alone its 
 Tranquillity depends, to preferve to his Subjeits a full and quiet 
 Enjoyment of their Properties, to inlarge their Trade, and 
 to keep up and extend the Honour and Glory of the Nations 
 that were under the Influence of his Scepter. 
 
 Where a Prince purfues fuch wife and good Ends, his Reign 
 cannot but be aufpicious, whilft his Death muft appear a general 
 Calamity. Thus it happened with Refpedt to the Monarch we 
 are fpeaking of j his Reign was prolperous, and when Provi- 
 dence took him off, his LoJfs was univerfally lamented by his 
 faithful Subjects. Having, in the Year 1727 refolved to vifit 
 his German Dominions, he fettled the. Government of his BritiJJj 
 Realms for the Time of his Abfence, and fet out from St. 
 
 James's Palace on the 3d of Ju 7 ie for Gravefend ; where being 
 arrived, he went on board the Carolina Yacht, and after a proft 
 perous Voyage landed on the 7th in Holland. He paflTed through 
 the Territories of theRepublick feemingly in perfect Health, and 
 continued fo till he came to Delden^ which was on the 9th. Here he 
 eat his Supper with a good Appetite, and among other Things part 
 of a Melon. This, it feems, was followed by an Indigeftion ; 
 for upon his fetting out again at three the next Morning, he had 
 not travelled far when he was feized with a Fit of the Cholick. 
 
 Being come to LindeUy where a Dinner was provided for him, 
 he could eat nothing. Hereupon he was immediately let Blood, 
 and fuch Remedies were adminiftered as his Cafe feemed to 
 require. His Attendants would have had him to reft there j 
 but he being defirous to reach his own Dominions with all pof- 
 
 L 1 1 lible 
 
442 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 Speed, continued his Journey ; and as he fell into a kind 
 Luneburg. Dozing, refted in the Arms of the Gentleman that fate alone 
 in the Coach with him. About ten that Night he arrived at his 
 Brother’s the Duke of Tork's Palace at Ofnahruck ; where his Le- 
 thargy increafing, notwithftanding all the Phyficians could do for 
 J727. his Recovery, he departed this Life on Sunday the i ith oi’June^ 
 about One in the Morning, in the 68th Year of his Age, being 
 the thirteenth of his Britijh Reign, and the thirtieth from the 
 Time of his coming to the Government of his German Domi- 
 nions. 
 
 This excellent Monarch’s perfonal Merit and fuperior Talents 
 being fo recent in every one’s Memory, the Reader would per- 
 haps willingly difpenfe with our expatiating on that Subject. But 
 as the Duty of an Hiftorian requires that he fhould do Juftice 
 to Princes, who have been remarkably confpicuous for the Wif- 
 dom and Integrity of their Adminiftration ; and as Pofterity may 
 lay a juft Claim to the Tnftrudlion and Benefit accruing from 
 their Example j we cannot avoid pointing out a few of thole 
 bright Lines, that formed George Lewis's Charadler. He ever 
 delighted to appear what he was, and to be what he appeared. 
 In him happily met Capacity without Conceit, Juftice without 
 Rigour, Courage without Temerity, Condefcenfion without 
 Difguife, Magnanimity without Oftentation, Liberality without 
 Profufenefs, and Religion without Hypocrify. Thefe eminent 
 Qualifications Ihone forth in him very early, before he afcended 
 t\\&BritiJh Throne. His Valour in the Field, and his confummate 
 Experience in the Cabinet in particular, whereof he gave many 
 Proofs in the Government of his hereditary Dominions, and 
 when Affairs were in a moft critical Pofture, procured him the 
 Reputation of being able equally to a 5 i and to ad’vife. His un- 
 wearied Application to publick Affairs, the Talent he had to dif- 
 cover at firft Sight the Meafures that were to be taken, and his 
 Steadinefs in carrying on the Projects he had once formed j made 
 it inconteftible, that he thoroughly polfelfed the great Art of Go- 
 
 •vernment^ 
 
Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 443 
 
 rernment. Hereby he not only acquired great Glory at home, Houfe of 
 but his Fame fpread into diftant Countries, and gave his future Luncburg. 
 Subjects an high Opinion of the Happinefs they vi^ere to enjoy 
 hereafter under his aufpicious Reign. When by coming to the 
 Throne of Great-Britain he had more Scope for exerting his 
 great Abilities, and his Power of doing good grew in Pro- 
 portion more extenhve, they were made thoroughly fenftble that 
 they had not been miftaken in their Expedations. For the Love 
 he bore them was fuch, that it could be equalled by nothing 
 but the Pleafure he felt in deferving theirs. Many were the 
 Proofs he gave of the tender Regard he had for them ; he vigo- 
 roufly defended their Rights, maintained their Laws, proteded 
 their Religion and Liberties, made their Commerce flourilh and 
 their Arms to be refpeded. The powerful Fleets, which he 
 fent out at fundry Times, added new Luftre to the Nation, at 
 the fame Time that they effedually fecured the Peace of Europe. 
 
 As no Prince ever the wed greater Judgment in the Choice of his 
 Minifters, fo never Prince was better ferved than him j and as he 
 was remarkably Ready and obliging to his Friends, they in Re- 
 turn were fo ftrongly attached to his Intereft, that no Confidera- 
 tion, no Profped whatever could affed their Fidelity. By his 
 Moderation and Difintereftednefs, his Meeknefs and Candour, 
 his open and graceful Deportment to all, and his generous Com- 
 panion towards the Diftreifed in particular. Qualities that are fo 
 confpicuous, as we have feen, in his illuftrious Houfe, and infe- 
 parable from true Heroifm j he fo won the Hearts of his 
 Subjeds, that they gave themfelves up without Referve to his 
 prudent Adminiftration j and the Ufe he made, from the Begin- 
 ning to the End of his Reign, of the Confidence they placed in 
 him, will be a Handing Monument to future Ages, that he was 
 in every Refped worthy of fo important a TruR. 
 
 The Death of fo wife and good a Prince, whofe conRant Study 
 it had been to promote the Welfare of his Subjeds, could not be 
 too much regretted by them ; and indeed, the Lofs they fuRain- 
 
 L 1 1 2 cd. 
 
444 
 
 The Houfe 
 Brunfwick 
 Luneburg. 
 
 Memoirs of the Houfe of Brunswick. 
 
 ed, on this Occafion, would have appeared irreparable, had it 
 not been made up by the Accellion of the illuftrious Monarch 
 now fitting on the Throne. To his prudent Adminiftratlon and 
 fiiperior Talents thefe Realms, as well as the Eledloral Domini- 
 ons, are indebted for the Felicity they have enjoyed ever fince t 
 To his generous Interpofition Europe owes, in a great Meafure, 
 the Prefervation of its Liberties j and to his illuftrious Offspring 
 is referved the glorious Talk, by followmg his Footfteps, to, 
 tranfmit the Bleffings we now enjoy to lateft Pofterity. 
 
 The END. 
 
 T H E 
 
[ 445 J 
 
 THE 
 
 INDEX- 
 
 Page. 
 
 ACHARINVS of EJie 4 
 ,^ 1 . Asiil 3. The Emperor Conrad vouches 
 the Houfe of EJie to defcend from 
 the ancient Roman Family of the AStii 39. 
 Aiiius or A%o I. of EJie 5 
 ASiius or Atoo II. of EJie lO 
 Adelbrandinue of EJie 14 
 Agnes^ called Irene by the Grteh^ Daughter 
 of Henry the Wonderful of the Line of 
 Grubenhagen^. married to Andronicus III. 
 Emperor of the Eaji 135 
 Albert of EJie^ Marggrave of Tufcany 10 
 Alberty?)Onoi ASitus or AxoH., of EJie 12 
 Albert the Great y Duke of Brunfwick 116. 
 Sets up Richard Earl of Cormvall for Em- 
 peror 117. Aflifts the King of Bohemia 
 againft Bela IV, King of Hungary 118. 
 Punilhes his Subjeds 118. Conquers Her- 
 from the Bilhop of Hildejheim 119. 
 Takes the Archbilhop o{ Mayence Prifoner 
 120. Acquires the Cities of Elameln zndi 
 Eimbeck ibid. Is circumvented by the Bi- 
 fhop of Hildejheim ibid. Affifts the Queen 
 of Denmarky and reftores Tranquility to 
 that Kingdom I2i. Is intrufted with the 
 Government of feveral Provinces, and has a 
 great Influence upon the Queen’s Counfels, 
 who had a mind to marry him ibid. Con- 
 fers the Honour of Knighthood on his Bro- 
 ther John 122. Has a great Misfortune 
 
 ibid. Obtains ol Henry III. King of Eng~- 
 land a Grant for the Hamburghers 124. 
 Acquires Grubenhagen ibid. His Death 
 and Charadler 125. 
 
 Albert the Grofs at Gottingen 126. Difputes- 
 his Brother William' % Succeflion with Hen~ 
 ry Wonderful 130. His Death 131. 
 Albert Son of Albert’ the Grofs yB\{ha^> 
 
 of makes great Acquilitions to 
 
 that Bifhoprick 131. 
 
 Albert y youngeft Son of Magnus I, becomes. 
 Archbilhop of Bremen 139. An Accident 
 which caufes him Uneafinefs 141. 
 
 Albert II. of the Line of Grubenhagen i6o< 
 Acquires the Lordlhip of Salize ibid. 
 Wages War againft the Landgrave of 
 Hejfe ibid. 
 
 Albert III. of the Line of Grubenhagen I90* 
 Aldoardus of EJie 6. 7 
 Almarius Marggrave of Ferrara lo 
 Alphorifius of EJie 5 
 Anabaptijis in Munjier 245 
 Anthony Ulric , his Learning and Labours . 
 352. 353. Saltzdahl built by him ibid.. 
 His Charatfter and Death 354. 
 
 ArleSy the Pofterity of Conrad I. fecond Son 
 of Guelph I. were Kings of Arles or of 
 Burgundy 16. 
 
 Arminiusy his Vi£Iory over Varus the Empe- - 
 ror AuguJ^us'$ General 29. 
 
 Augfburg 
 
Hie I N 
 
 446 
 
 jiugjburg ConfeJJicn 216 
 Augujius of the Houfe of Brunfwick Wolf- 
 fenbuttel 324. Accepts of the Peace of 
 Prague 326. Endeavours to bring about a 
 general Peace 329. The Imperialifts are 
 defeated near JVolffenhuttel and the Siege 
 of that Place is continued 335. Prevari- 
 cation of the Governor of IVolffenbuttel 
 ibid. Augujius treats with the Archduke 
 Leopold 336. An Agreement made between 
 the Emperor and both Houfes of Wolff en- 
 buttel zndi Luneburg at Gojlar 338. The 
 Imperialifts endeavour to keep Woffenbuttel 
 339. Both Houfes of Woffenbuttel and 
 Luneburg fend an Ambafty to Chrijlina 
 Queen of Sueden 340. Conditions grant- 
 ed to both Houfes in the Peace of Wejl- 
 phalia 343. Augujlus’s Abilities 344. His 
 Mediation between the States-General and 
 the Bi/hop of Munjier 345. His Learning, 
 Chara£fer and Death 346 to 349. 
 
 Augujius of the Houfe of Brunfwick- Lune- 
 burg 358. Acquires the Principality of 
 Calenberg ibid. His Death ibid. 
 
 Aurelius ASlius of EJie 4 
 Aujlria erefted into a Dutchy 49 
 Azo III. of EJle 10 
 
 Azo IV'. Son of Hugo Adiius of EJle 14 
 Azo V. of EJie 12. 14 
 
 B 
 
 Balthafar of the Line of Grubenhagen 143 
 Ban of the Empire, its Importance 61 
 Bardewick^ the City of, its fuppofed Anti- 
 quity 69. 
 
 Bafilius of EJie 5 
 
 Becket, Thomas, Archbiftiop of Canterbury ; 
 Henry the Lyon is charged with having mur- 
 dered him 61 
 Berengarius of EJle 8 
 &t. Bernhard, the Oracle of Chriftendom 45 
 Bernhard Duke of Luneburg 160. Acquires 
 the County of Homburg and the City of 
 Ultzen 17 1. Takes the City of Schnac ken- 
 burg ibid. Has an extraordinary Piece of 
 Ordinance caft, called theFaule Mette 171. 
 Defeats the Biftiop of Hildejheim in three 
 Battles 172. His Death ibid. 
 
 D E X. 
 
 Bernhard II. of the Houfe of Luneburg 187 
 Boji, a German Nation 29 
 Bonifacius of EJle 5 
 
 Bonijacius, Son of 7 hcobald of EJie, Pofiefibr 
 of Tufcany, Ferrara, Placentia, Mantua, 
 Modena, Reggio, Parma, Lucca -Ve- 
 rona 1 1 
 
 Bovines, Battle near that Place 10 1 
 Bremen, its Archhifliop’s bi.-ld Proceedings 
 with the Pope’s Commiflaries 108 
 Bruno II. built the City of Brunfwick 34 
 Brunfwick, the Anceftors of that Houfe from 
 the Houfe of EJie 3. From the Guelphs 
 15. From Witekind the Great The 
 black Horfe in Witekind s Efeutcheon 
 changed by Charles the Great into a white 
 Horfe, which the Houfe cf B-^unfwick re- 
 tains to this Day in its Coat of Arms 33 
 Brunfwick, City of, the Emperor Conrad en- 
 deavours to ftir it up againft Htnry the 
 Lyon 47 
 
 Burgundians a German Nation 30 
 Burgundy, Kings of, of the Guelphic Race 16 
 
 c 
 
 Cajus ASlius 3 
 Cajus Xillus 4 
 
 Canojfa, a Caftle in the Dutchy of Reggio, 
 where Pope Gregory VII. abfolved the Em- 
 peror Henry IV. from the Excommunica- 
 tion he had put him under ii 
 Charles Vidlor, Son of Henry the younger of 
 the Line of Woffenbuttel, flain in the Bat- 
 tle of Siverjhaufen 231 
 
 Chrijlian, Bifhop of Halberjladt, Brother of 
 Frederic Ulric of the Houfe of Woffen- 
 huttel ; his Attachment to the King of Bo- 
 hemia 297. A Medal alluding to it ibid. 
 Marches againft the Imperialifts ibid. Re- 
 primands the twelve Apoftles found at Pa- 
 derborn 298. Battle between him and 
 Tilly 299. With Gonzales de Cordova 301. 
 Lofes an Arm ibid. Gives up the Bifhop- 
 rick of Halberjladt 303. Fights againft 
 Tilly near Stadtloo ibid* Goes over to 
 England ibid. Takes feveral Places from 
 the Imperialifts 306. His Death and Cha- 
 radler 307. 
 
 Chrijlian 
 
the I N 
 
 Chrljllan of the Houfe of Ltinehurg of the laft 
 Divifion 357. Acquires the Principality 
 of Grubenhagen ibid. His Death 358 
 ChriJUan Lewis 363. The Suedes give up the 
 Poflellions hitherto kept in the Luneburg 
 Dominions 364. He founds an Academy 
 at Luneburg ibid. His Death ibid.. 
 
 Cimbri^ a Nation in Germany 29 
 Clergy, Natives of the Britijh Iflands among 
 the dignified Clergy in Germany 92 
 Canrad of the Guelphic Race, Biftiop of Con- 
 Jiance, canonized by the Pope 17 
 Corpus doSlrina Julium 265 
 Corpus doSlrinae Luneburgicum 285 
 CreJJy, Battle near that Place 145 
 Crodus or Crodo^ an Idol of the Saxons 29 
 Crufadcy the firft 22. The fecond 44. The 
 third 67. 70. The fourth 106. The 
 fifth 1 14 
 
 Cunigunda Daughter of Guelph III.. 
 
 D 
 
 Danebroge^ Banner of, 283 
 Diethmarfes 280 
 
 E 
 
 Eimbeck acquired to the Dominions of Brunf- 
 wick 120 
 
 Electoral College of the Empire, when it 
 commenced 153 
 
 Elizabeth^ Sifter of Henry III. of the Line 
 of Grubenhagen^ makes Ufe of a peculiar 
 Method to oblige the Landgrave of Hejfe 
 to raife. the Siege of theCaftle oiSaltze \ 
 Emigration of the Children of Hameln 126 
 Erich at Grubenhagen 172. Fights a Battle 
 againft the Count of Hohnjlein 173. His 
 Death ibid. 
 
 Erich I. or the Elder, of the Line of Calen- 
 berg 190. Plants the firft Colours on the 
 Walls of the Caftle of Vienna 192. His Ex- 
 pedition into Hungary 193. Againft the 
 Palatine Houfe ibid. Saves the Emperor 
 Maximilian' % Life 194. A bright Star is 
 added to his Coat of Arms by the Empe- 
 ror ibid. His Expedition againft the Ve- 
 netians Againft the 199. Is 
 
 in Danger of his Life ibid. Returns to 
 
 D E X, 447 
 
 his Dominions after ten Years Abfencezoo. 
 Rejedls the Propofal of an Alchymift20l. 
 His Death ibid. 
 
 Erich II. of the Line of Calenberg 205. Is 
 againft the Reformation 216. His Expe- 
 dition againft the City of Bremen 226. 
 Aflifts at the Battle of St. ^intin 237. 
 His Expedition againft Albert Duke of 
 Prujfia ibid. His Acquifitions 240. His 
 Death ibid. 
 
 Erneji of EJie 7 
 
 Ernejl of the Line of Gottingen 136. Ac- 
 quires the County of Dajfel 138. His 
 Death ibid. 
 
 Ernejl of the Line of Grubenhagen 143, 
 Gains the Love of his Subjedls by his Cle- 
 mency 150. Flis Death ibid. 
 
 Ernejl of the Line of Grubenhagen, made 
 Prifoner in the Battle of Muhlberg 222. 
 Releafed 229. Affifts at the taking of St. 
 ^uintin 257. His Death 258. The Ad- 
 vantage he procured to his Family by re- 
 ftoring the Mines in the Principality of 
 Grubenhagen 259 
 
 Ernejl the ConfeJJ'or of the Line of Xelle 205. 
 His Acquaintance with Luther 208. Is 
 the firft of the Houfe of Brunfwick that 
 embraces the Reformation 214. His Con- 
 duct in introducing it in his Dominions 
 215. Enters into the Union of Smalcald 
 217. Introduces the Reformation in the 
 Dominions of Henry the younger of tha 
 Line of Wolffcnbuttel 219. Sends Troops 
 againft the Peafants in Gertnany 244.. 
 Againft the Anabaptijls 245. ’Thuanus'% 
 Report of him 254. His Charatfter 255. 
 
 Ernejl of the Houfe of Brunfwick-Luneburg 
 of thelajl Divifion 356. The remarkable 
 Agreement made between him and his Bro- 
 thers ibid. Writes the Life of theEmpe-' 
 ror Jufinian 357. His Death ibid. 
 
 Ernef-Augujlus of the Houfe of Brunfwick- 
 Luneburg 387. Becomes Bilhop of Ofna- 
 bruck 388. His Court is called Aula labo- 
 riofa ibid. Aflifts at the Battle and Siege 
 of Treves 390. At the Siege of Maf- 
 tricht ibid,. Introduces the Right of Pri- 
 mogeniture in his Houfe 39 1 . His great Ar- 
 mament 
 
4+8 Thi I N 
 
 .mament ibid. Orders ih't French Minifter 
 to quit his Court and recalls his own from 
 Paris 392. Afufts the Empire on the Ah- 
 felle 393. In Hungary 394. Obtains the 
 Eledtoral Dignity 395. Kejoytings on Ac- 
 count of the Vidtory near La Hogue 396. 
 Enters into Family Padls with the Houfe 
 of Eajl - Friezland 397. His Charadfer 
 and Death 400 401 
 
 EthicOf eldeft Son of Guelph I. his Power 16 
 
 Excommunication of the Popes, of what 
 Confequence 58 
 
 F 
 
 fault MettCy an extraordinary Piece of Or- 
 dinance 17 1 
 
 fehde'sy Diffidationes or Challenges, highly in 
 Vogue in Germany 184 
 
 Fire ordered to be fet to a Man’s Houfe that 
 refufed to harbour a Stranger 46 
 
 Flavius ASlius of EJle 4 
 
 Forejius of EJle 4 
 
 Francis of the Line of Giffhorn 205. Im- 
 braces the Proteftant Religion 214. His 
 Addrefs of Body 242. His Charadler and 
 Death 243 
 
 Franciy or Franksy a Nation in Germany 2g 
 
 Frederic Barbarojfoy Emperor 48. Holds the 
 Stirrup to the Pope ibid. The grofs Af- 
 front given to his Wife by the Inhabitants 
 of Milaji 58 
 
 Frederic of the Line of Grulenhagen 160. 
 Acquires the County of Lutterberg 161. 
 
 Frederic Duke of Brunfwick and Luneburg 
 160. Gets Pofleflion of his Inheritance by 
 a Stratagem 161. Acquires the Bailiwick 
 of lerxheim 163. Makes a Treaty of 
 Confraternity and mutual Succeflion with 
 the Houfe of Saxony ibid. Aflifts King 
 Sigif/hund in his War in Hungary ibid. Is 
 a Candidate to the Impetial Throne 164. 
 Is eledted Emperor to the inexpreflible Joy 
 of all Gcrjtiany 166. His Charadter ibid. 
 Is aflallinated 167 
 
 Frederic the Pious of the Houfe of Luneburg 
 1*72. His Propenfity to great and good 
 Adtions 185. Retires from the World 
 186. His Death ibid. 
 
 D E X. 
 
 Frederic of the Line of Catenberg 
 
 Frederic Ulric of the Houfe of Wolffcnhuttel 
 286. Reduces the City of Brunfvjkk 289. 
 His Munificence ibid. Is involved in a 
 great War that lafts thirty Years 290. 
 Affilis at the Affembly of the Princes of 
 the Lower Saxony Enters into an 
 
 Alliance at Lauenburg 304. His Domini- 
 ons are ruined by both Parties 305. Deli- 
 vers the Fortrefs of fVolJj'enbuttel into his 
 Brother’s Hands 306. The Lanes refufe 
 to reftore it to him and remain in Poflefli- 
 on of feveral Places belonging to him 308. 
 Declares for the Imperialifts 309. Who 
 take Wolffenbuttel from the Danes and keep 
 it 310. The Emperor demands his deli- 
 vering up the Pofleflion his Houfe had ac- 
 quired in the Bifhoprick of Hildejheim 312. 
 Frederic Ulric fldes with the Suedes 316. 
 Takes Peine and Calenberg 319. Dies du- 
 ring the Siege of IVolffenbuttel 321. His 
 Charadter ibid. 
 
 Frederic of the Houfe of Brunfwick Lune- 
 burg of the laji Divifton 358. Acquires 
 the PoITeflions of the Line of Harburg 359. 
 His Death ibid. 
 
 G 
 
 George of the Houfe of Luneburgy his early 
 Studies 360. Aflifts theimperialifts 308. 360. 
 Efpoufes the Suedijh Party and defeats Count 
 Gronsfeld 317. 361. Takes Duderjladt 
 ibid. Heads a feparate Army in the Cir- 
 cles of Lower Saxony and Wejlphalia 318 
 Seizes on feveral Places ibid. Invefts the 
 Fortrefs of Hameln ibid. Obtains a fignal 
 Vidtory over the Imperialifts 319. 361. 
 Takes Hameln and feveral other Places ibid. 
 Defeats the Imperialifts near Hildefheimy 
 and takes that City 320. 361. Blocks up the 
 Fortrefs of Wolffenbuttel ibid. The Suedes 
 endeavour to keep him in their Intereft 
 325. Accepts of the Peace of Prague 327. 
 The Suedes offer him the fupreme Com- 
 mand of their Army, which he rejedls 328. 
 He difpofleffes the Suedes from the City of 
 Luneburg ibid. Difiodges the Imperialifts 
 from feveral Places 332. Blocks up the 
 
 Fortrefs 
 
I N 
 
 Fortrefs of Wolffenbuttel 333, His Death 
 ibid, and 361. Puffendorf’s Report of 
 him 333. His Chara<£ier 362 
 
 George Lewis 401. His firft Campains on 
 the Mofelle and in the Netherlands 402. 
 His Marriage and Ifflie 403. His Cam- 
 pains in Hungary 404. On the Rhine and 
 in the Netherlands 406. Takes upon him 
 the Government of his Dominions after 
 the Death of his Father ibid. Aflifts 
 the Duke of Holjiein 407. The Succef- 
 fion to the Britijh Realms fettled in Favour 
 of his Family 409 410. Ele< 5 loral Prince 
 married to the Princefs of Anfpach 
 Her Chara< 9 :er ibid. Electoral Prince cre- 
 ated Marquis of Cambridge he. 413. U- 
 nion of England and Scotland ibid. The 
 Eleftor accepts of the Command of the 
 Army of the Empire 414. Commands 
 the Army of the Empire ibid, to 430. 
 The Eleftoral Prince’s valiant Behaviour 
 near Oudenarde \l\. - George Lewis is in- 
 vefted with the Office of Arch-Treafu- 
 rer 431. His Zeal for the Proteftantsin the 
 Bifhoprick of Hildejheim 431 to 435. France 
 acknowledges the Ele<Sl:oral Dignity and 
 the Succeffion to the Britijh Realms 436. 
 The Death of the Princefs Sophia and her 
 Character 436. 437. George Lewis fuc- 
 ceeds to the Crowns of Great-Britain and 
 Ireland 438. Sets out for England^ and 
 arrives at Greenwich 439. His Death and 
 Chara£fer 442. to 444. 
 
 George JVilliam 364. His firft Rudiments 
 in the Military Art 365. His Interview 
 with Charles II. King of England 366. 
 AifAs Bremen 368; the Venetians 369; 
 the Dutch 370. Fights againft the French 
 near Enfijheim 371. Obtains a compleat 
 Victory over the French 372. Takes 
 breves and makes the Marlhal de Crequi 
 Prifoner ibid. A Medal ftruck upon this 
 memorable Event 373. His Maxim in all 
 his Expeditions 374. Reduces the Dutch- 
 ies of Bremen and Verden ibid. Aflifts the 
 Eleftor of Brandenburg 375. And the 
 City of Hamburgh 376. King William 
 pays him a Vifit, which he returns ibid. 
 
 D E X. 449 
 
 Aflifts the Hamburghers a fecond Time 
 377 ; the Duke of Holjiein 378. King 
 William!^ Regard for George William^ and 
 the Friendfliip that fubfifted between both 
 Princes ibid, and 380. George William. 
 takes the Field in his old Age for the De- 
 fence of the Duke of Holjiein 381 407. 
 Acquires the Dutchy of Saxe Lauenburg 
 382. Receives the French Proteftants m 
 his Dominions 383. His Death and Cha- 
 ra( 9 :er 385. 
 
 Gibellins^ the probable Rife of this Party 
 Diftindtion 43. 44 
 
 Godfrey y Duke of Bouillony King of Jerufa- 
 lem 23 
 
 Golden Bull 153. 157 
 
 Grubenhageny acquired to the Dominions of 
 Brunfwick 124 
 
 Guelphsy Origin of that Name 16 
 
 Guelph I. his Daughter married to the 
 
 Emperor Lewis the Debonair 16. The Pof- 
 terity of his third Son Conrad were Kings 
 of Burgundy or of Arles ibid. 
 
 Guelph II. 17 
 
 Guelph III. ibid. 
 
 Guelph IV. 17. His Sifter Cunigunda mar- 
 ried A%oYd . of EJle 18 
 
 Guelph V. furnamed the Valiant y Son of Azi 
 IV. of Ejie and of Cunigunda of the 
 Guelphic Race 14. 18. Acquires Bavaria 
 ibid. Isdefpoiled of it 2i. The Empe- 
 ror reinvefts him with it ibid. Dies in the 
 Ifland of Cyprus 24. 
 
 Guelph W\. Duke of Bavaria 12. H;s pru- 
 dent Condudl at Rome 24. Marries Ma* 
 thildis of EJle 25 
 
 Guelph VII. Duke of Spoleto Prince Sar-‘ 
 diniay and Count of Altorff 37. Guar- 
 dian of Henry the Lyon 42, Is befieged 
 in W einjlberg by the Emperor Conrad, 
 and faves himfelf by a Stratagem 43. The 
 Emperor Conrad invefts him with Tufeany, 
 Sardinia and Spoleto ibid. The Emperor 
 Frederic does the fame, and adds to it the 
 Succeffion of Mathildis of Ejie 50. He 
 makes his Will in Favour of Henry the 
 Lyon 56. Alters it and bequeathes his Do- 
 minions to the Emperor Frederic 57. 
 
 M m m AnnuiE 
 
N 
 
 450 *The I 
 
 Annulls his Will 71. His Death ibid. 
 
 Guido of EJle 10 
 
 Gundelhardus of EJle 6, 7. 
 
 H 
 
 Hameln zc(\u\xeA to the Dominions oi Brunf- 
 wick 120, The Emigration of its Chil- 
 dren 126 
 
 Elans Towns^ the probable Rife of that Aflb- 
 ciation 124. A remarkable Inftance of 
 their Authority 162. The DilTolution of 
 that Society 225. 
 
 Hengijl, King of the Saxons^ goes over to 
 England 30 
 
 Henry IV. Emperor, his tragical End 21 
 
 Henry the Fowler , of the Saxon Race, Em- 
 peror 34 _ 
 
 Henry of EJle^ Prince of Trevigio 7 
 
 Henry ^ (yixnzmzAwiih the golden Chariot 16 
 
 Henry II. 17 
 
 Henry furnamed the Blacky is with the Em- 
 peror Henry V. zX-Chalons, and has a Sword 
 carried before him 26. His Marriage with 
 lE'ufhildW&xxcis of Saxony on the 27 
 
 Henry the Proud^ acquires Brunswick and all 
 Saxony {ox his Family 27. 36. Account of 
 his vaft PofTeffions 37. The Emperor 
 Conrad vouches his being defcended from 
 the ancient Roman Family of the A£iii 39, 
 He marches with an Army againft the Em- 
 ror4T. Is poifoned zt ^edlinhurg ibid. 
 
 Henry the Lyon 42. His Expedition againft 
 the P'eneds 45. 47. Diffuades the Emperor 
 Frederic from holding the Stirrup to the 
 Pope 48. Refcues the Emperor from his 
 Enemies ibid. Is wounded by the Romans 
 ibid. The Emperor calls him his Saviour.^ 
 and beftows on him the Right of appoint- 
 ing and invefting Bifliops ibid. His pa- 
 ternal States are reftoied to him 50. He 
 acquires Hanover ibid. And the Counties 
 of Sultzbach and Burckhaufen 51. His 
 Expedition againft the Veneds Receives 
 an Ambafi'y from the Greek Emperor Ema- 
 nuel 1.52. His Wars with the Count of Old- 
 enburg^ the Archbifhop of Magdeburg and 
 the Biihop of Elildejheim 53. Has a Lyon 
 
 D E X. 
 
 caft and put up before the Caftle of Danc- 
 werderode 53. Divorces his firft 
 
 Wife, and marries Mathilda Daughter of 
 Henry II. King of England 54. Acquires 
 the County of Stade ibid. His War with 
 I Voldemar King of Denmark ibid. His 
 Daughter marries the Son of the King of 
 Denmark 50. He makes out of Devotion 
 a Journey to Jerufalem ibid. The firft 
 Foundation of his Mifunderftanding with 
 the Emperor 57. The Emperor’s Humili- 
 ation before him ibid. Marches with the 
 Emperor to Italy 58. Returns foon after,, 
 and for what Reafon ibid. Inlarges the Ci- 
 ty of Munich and finifhes the Stone Bridge 
 over the Danube at Ratijbon 59. The- 
 Emperor lays the ill Succefs of his Expedi- 
 tion in Italy to his Charge 60. He is fum- 
 moned to appear at the Diets,, which he 
 refufes to comply with ibid. Is accufed of 
 feveral Faefts and put to the Ban of the Em- 
 pire 61. Partition of his Dominions 62, 
 A remarkable Pi dfure on that Account ibid. 
 Attacks his Enemies who.are aflembled at 
 GoJlarbT^. 'WxeMx^o-^olHalberJiadte.x.ooxxs- 
 municates him ibid. He beats the Archbifhop 
 of Cologn by Hallerfelde ibid. RoutstheBi- 
 Ihop oiHalberJiadt and takes him Prifoner 
 64. Seizes on the Dutchy of Holjlein 
 ibid. Beats the Landgrave of Thuringen 
 and takes him Prifoner ibid. The Empe-- 
 ror Frederic marches againft him ibid. 
 Ratijbon becomes a Free Imperial City ibid. 
 His Tendernefs towards the Citizens ofj 
 Luheck 65. Submits to the Emperor 66. 
 Sets out for England 67. His Return to 
 Germany ibid. His fecond Exile 68. 
 Razes the City of Bardewick 69. An Ac- 
 cident that hinders his Reftoration 72. 73. 
 His Death 74. Character 52. 74. Two 
 Leopards given him in his Coat of Arms 
 by Richard I. King of England 74. 
 
 Henry the Long., defends the City of Brunf- 
 wick 71. Is an Hoftage at the Emperor’s 
 Court for his Father Henry the Lyon 72. 
 Makes his Efcape 75. Marries Agnes Hei- 
 refs to the Palatinate of the. Rhine ibid. 
 
 Claims 
 
7he I N 
 
 Claims the Reftitutlon of his Family States 
 76. Is a Candidate to the Imperial Digni- 
 ty 77. Is put to the Ban of the Empire 
 104. Delivers up the Infignta of the Em- 
 pire to the Emperor Frederic II. ibid. 
 Difpofes of the County of Stade in Favour 
 of the Archbifhop of Bremen, and of his 
 other Dominions in Favour of his Daugh- 
 ters ibid. 
 
 Henry furnamed the Wonderful at Grubenha- 
 gen 126. The Emigration of the Chil- 
 dren of Hameln ibid. Razes the Caftle of 
 Her ling Jburg His Death 135 
 
 Henry fourth Son of Albert the Grofs, of the 
 Line of Gottingen, Bifhop of Hildejheim, 
 makes confiderable Acquilitions to that Bi- 
 Ihoprick 132 
 
 Henry II. or the younger at Grubenhagen 136. 
 Affifts the Emperor Z.^u'/jagainft tlie Houfe 
 of Aujlria 137. Makes a Journey to 
 Conjlantinople and the Holy Land 137. 
 Reconciles the Greek Emperor with his 
 Sons ibid. His Death ibid. 
 
 Henry the Houfe of Brunfwick 160. Wa- 
 ges War againft the Archbifhop of May- 
 ence 168. Againft the Count of Lippe and 
 his Allies 169. His Character 170 
 Henry the Pacific k at Wolff enbuttel 172. His 
 Death 183 
 
 Henry III. of the Line of Grubenhagen 187 
 Henry the younger of the Houfe of Luneburg 
 190. Becomes Lord Paramount of the 
 County of Diepholt 201. Is engaged in 
 the War of Hildejheim 202. Put to the 
 Ban of the Empire 204. Gives up his 
 Dominions to his Sons and retires to France 
 205. His Death ibid. 
 
 Henry the elder of the Line of Wolffenbuttel 
 190. His Difputes ■ with the City of 
 Brunfwick ''ddxdi. His Death 19 1 
 Henry the younger of the Line of Wolffen- 
 buttel 205. His War againft a People 
 called the Wurfati 206. Is prejudiced 
 againft the Reformation 215. Enters into 
 the Holy League, and is appointed Com- 
 mander of its Forces 218. His Expediti- 
 on againft Gofiar ibid. He is difpoirefted 
 
 M m m 2 
 
 D E X. 4^1 
 
 of his Dominions 219. The Motives of 
 theProteftant Princes for thciradlingagainft 
 him ibid. He is niadePrifoner by the Land- 
 grave of Heffe 220. Relcafed from his 
 Captivity 224. Befiegcs the City of 
 Brunfwick 224. His Ardour in profecut- 
 ing the Proteftants abates 226. He defeats 
 Albert Margrave of Brandenburg near 
 Siverjhaufen 231. Near Stederburg 232. 
 Near Kitzingen ibid. The high Opinion 
 Charles V. had of him 233. Henry’s Rc- 
 fiexionson the Emperor and Cardinal 
 vella ibid. A ftrange Amour of his 234. 
 Declares at length for the Augjburg Con- 
 feffion 237. His Death ibid, 
 iifrwry of the Line of Danneberg . Rules 
 jointly with his Brother WilHa?n 280. His 
 Concern in the War carried on by the 
 King of Denmark and the Dukes of Hol- 
 Jiein againft the Diethmarfes ibid. His 
 Death 284 
 
 Henry Julius of the Houfe of Wolffenbuttel 
 257. His great Accomplilhments 268. 
 Is made Bifhop of Minden and of Halber- 
 Jiadt 269. His Acquifitions 270. The 
 Brunfwickers confpire againft his Life 272. 
 His great Clemency 274. He is Umpire in 
 the Broils the Emperor Rudolph had with 
 his Brother Mathias ibid. Henry Julius's 
 Charadler and Death 278 
 Hugo Adlius of EJle, propofed as a Pattern 
 of a worthy Patriot 14 
 Hugo of Efe 10. 
 
 Humbert oi EJle 9. His Charadter 10 
 Hufs burned with his Writings at Conjlance 
 174 
 
 J 
 
 Invejliture of the German Bifhops 24 
 John Duke of Luneburg 116. His Care for 
 the Poor and the Love his Subjedls bore 
 him 125 
 
 John Frederic 386. Builds new Works to 
 the City of Hameln 386. His Charadler 
 
 387 
 
 John of Leyden 248 
 
 Jrminfula^ 
 
INDEX. 
 
 452 T!he 
 
 Irmtnfula^ an Idol of tlie Saxons 29. A De- 
 fcription of it 31 
 Iron Crown 84 
 
 Ifenbart, married Irmmtrudh Sifter-in-Law 
 of the Emperor Charles X.hs Great 15 
 "Judith^ Daughter of Guelph I. Wife of the 
 Emperor Lewis the Debonair 16 
 Julius of the Line of Wolff enbuttel 257. His 
 melancholy Circumftances in his younger 
 Years 261. Is reconciled with his Father 
 263. His Chara£ler 264. 267. Is the 
 Founder of Free-Schools, and of an Uni- 
 verfity at Helmjleedt 265. His Acquifttions 
 and Death 267 
 
 Julius Ernejl of the Houfe of Wolff^enbuttel 
 of the laft Divifion 324. Cedes the Prin- 
 cipality of Wolff'enbuttel tohixs Brother Au- 
 ' gujius ibid. His Death ibid. 
 
 Jus Hagejloltziatus 355. 
 
 L 
 
 Ladies carry their Hufbands upon their Backs 
 
 43 
 
 League^ Holy^ 217 
 
 Lewis at Luneburg 144. Was prefentat the 
 Diets of Nurenberg and Metz^ where the 
 Sandion of a fundamental Law was given 
 to the Golden Bull 153. His Death 157. 
 Lime mixed amonft the Meal 45 
 Longobardst a G^rOTC«Nation 30 
 Lotharius II. Emperor, his Daughter marries 
 Henry furnamed the Proud^ of the Guel- 
 phic Race, and brings him for a Portion all 
 Saxony 37 
 
 Lubecki the City of, Henry i\xt Lyon's Ttn^ 
 dernefs towards that City 65. Is made a 
 Free Imperial City ibid. 
 
 Lucius of EJle 4 
 
 Luder fifth Son of Albert the Grofs, Grand 
 Mafter of the Teutohick Order 132. His 
 Conteft with the See of Rome 135 
 Ludolpb made Great Duke of Saxoxiy 33 
 Lyon, a Lyon caft and put up before the 
 Caftle of Dancwerderode i« Brunfwick 53. 
 
 M 
 
 Magnus furnamed the Pious zt Brunfwick 136. 
 His Acquifttions 138. His Death 139. 
 
 Magnus Torquatusy is unfortunate in a War 
 againft the Bifhop of Htldeffeim 158. Lays 
 the Foundation to the Recovery of the 
 Dutchyof Saxe Lauenburg Finifhes 
 
 his Days in a miferable manner ibid. 
 Marvellus of EJle 5 
 
 Mathilda Daughter of Henry II. King of 
 England married to Henry the Lyon 54 
 Mathildis of EJle y Pofiefibr of FerrarUy 
 Mantua y LuccOy Par may Modena y P la- 
 tent iuy Pi fay SpoletOy Ancona and Tufca- 
 cany 12. 19. Her Bounty to the See of 
 Rome 25. Difputes about her Succef- 
 fion 26 
 
 Maximus of EJle 5 
 
 Mecklenburg or Megapolisy the City of, five 
 Leagues in Circumference, burned by the 
 Veneds 51 
 
 Modenoy its Dukes are defeended from the 
 fecond Marriage of Azo IV. 14 
 Muhlbergy. the Proteftants lofe a Battle near 
 that Place 222 
 
 O 
 
 Obitius Son of Hugo Adlius of EJle 14 
 Obizo of EJle 10 
 Otho of EJle 9 
 
 Otho the greaty Duke of Saxony y an uncom- 
 mon Example of his Generofity 34 
 Otho /. or the greaty Emperor, of the Saxon 
 Race 34. His rich Prefent to the Church 
 of St. Michael in Luneburg 35 
 Otho II. or Rufusy Emperor, of the Saxon 
 Race ibid. 
 
 Otho III. or Mirabilia Mundiy Emperor, of 
 the Saxon Race 34. 35 
 Otho IV. Son of Henry the Lyonjxs a Hoftage 
 at the Emperor’s Court for Richard King 
 of England 73. Releafed 76. Eledted. 
 Emperor ibid. Remarkable Agreement 
 between him and the King of France jj. 
 Crowned at Aix la Chapelle 78. His Wars 
 with Philip of Suabia 79. John King of 
 England breaks his Meafures 79. 80. Is 
 deferted by bis Brother Henry 81. The 
 Pope manages an Agreement between him^ 
 and Philip 82. Is Emperor without a 
 Competitor ibid. Defires of the King 
 
Tie I N 
 
 of France to fulfill the Agreement made 
 with him at P»itiers ibid. Sets out for 
 Pome to be crowned by the Pope 84. 
 Five Articles the Pope obliges him to fwear 
 to before he crowns him ibid. A ftiort Sketch 
 of the Means the Popes made Ufe of to in- 
 large their Dominions and Authority 85. 
 The Grounds of his Quarrel with the 
 Pope 97. Conquers the Provinces ufurp- 
 ed by the See of Rome g8. The Pope ex- 
 communicates him and defires the Princes 
 of the Empire to make a new Eledlion 
 ibid. The Arguments the King of Bohe- 
 mia made Ufe of to prevent it 99. Otho's 
 Rcprefentatlons to the Diet at Nurenberg on 
 this Account loo. Celebrates his Nuptials at 
 Nortkaufen ibid. The Burghers of Brifacb 
 revolt againfthim ibid. He refufes to grantto 
 Premiflaus the Advantages Frederic II. of- 
 fered him ibid. Is deferted by Premijlaus 
 lOi. Pie joins his Troops with the 
 lij}} againft the King of France ibid. Bat- 
 tle near Bovine; i02. Keeps the Infignia 
 of the Empire ibid. His Will and Death 
 ibid. Caufe of his Misfortunes 103. 
 His Charadler ibid. 
 
 (Jtho the Infant fights a Battle near Bornho- 
 vede 10^. Is taken Prifoner ibid. Makes 
 himfelf Mafter of the Country of Brunf- 
 wick ibid. Refufes the Imperial Dignity 
 offered him by the Pope 107. Is like to 
 draw the Pope’s Excommunication upon 
 him upon Account of the Stad'ngi 108. 
 The Emperor Frederic II. creates hi.m 
 Duke of Brunfwick and Luneburg 109. 
 His War with the Archblfhop of Brciyien 
 no. Makes a fuccefsful Expedition into 
 Prujfta III. Heallifts the Emperor againft 
 the Pope 1 12. Sends Auxiliaries .'igainft 
 the Tartars in Silefia ibid. Affifts the 
 Marggraves of Brandenburg againft the 
 Archbilhop of Magdeburg and the Biihop 
 of Halberjiadt 113. His Credit in the 
 Empire ibid. Gives his Daughter to the 
 Y.m^^xcyc William ibid. His Death 1 14. 
 
 Otho furnamed the Severe at Luneburg 
 126. Acquires the Counties of Danneberg 
 and Luchow 135. Compelis the Veneds to 
 
 D E X. 453 
 
 give up their wild Habitations 136. His 
 Death ibid. 
 
 Otho furnamed the Liberal ^,t Brunfwick 138. 
 His Death ibid. 
 
 Otho at Luneburg 136. His Death 142. 
 
 Otho the Strong of the Line of Gottingen 
 144. Is in a fair Way of making a confi- 
 derable Acquifition 150. His irregular 
 Conduct 151. Is excommunicated by the 
 Archbifhop of Mayence 152. A remark- 
 able Inftance of his Gratitude and Gene- 
 rofity ibid. Becomes aftridt and impartial 
 Obferver of Jullice 153. His Death ibid. 
 
 Otho of the Line of Grubenhagen J43. Af- 
 fifts fohn King of Bohemia in his War in 
 Italy ih\d. Takes and other For- 
 
 treffes and Cities in 143. Fights 
 
 in the Battle of Crejfy ibid. His Difpute- 
 with Henry Duke of Lancajier 146. Re- 
 inftates foan Queen of Naples and marries 
 her ibid. Pope Urban’s infolent Behaviour 
 towards him 147. He invefts 148. 
 
 Plis courageous Condudt ibid. Efcapes to 
 Avignon 149. Takes Naples by Affault 
 ibid. Charadler and Death 150 
 
 Otho furnamed Codes of the Line of Gottin- 
 gen 160. His Subjedls boaft of living in 
 the Golden Age 161. With him the Line 
 of Gottingen becomes extindl ibid, 
 
 Otho at Grubenhagen 172 
 
 Otho at Luneburg 172. The Archbilhop of 
 Bremen puts himfelf and his See under his 
 Protedlion 184 
 
 Otho the Magnanimous of the Houfe of Luve- 
 burg 187. 189 
 
 Otho the Elder oi the Line of Harburg 
 Embraces the Proteftant Religion 214. His 
 Death 242 
 
 Otho the Younger oi the Line of Harburg 257. 
 Is a learned Prince and a great Favourer of 
 Learning 279. His Death ibid, 
 
 Ottocarus, Suiname given to the King of Bo^ 
 hernia for his Attachment to the Interefi: 
 of die Emperor Otto IV. 
 
 P 
 
 Pacification of Paffau 230 
 
 Peace of Religion 230 
 
 PtUr 
 
45+ The I N 
 
 Feter II. King of Arragon crowned by the 
 Pope with a Crown made of Bread 99 
 Philip the Elder of the Line of Grubenha- 
 gen 205. His War with a People called 
 the JVurfati 206. Imbraces the Protef- 
 tant Religion 214. Erneji his eldeftSon is 
 made Prifoner after the Battle of Muhl- 
 berg 222. Releafed 229. Philip’s re- 
 markable Steadinefs and Compofure of 
 Mind 241. His Death 242 
 Philip Magnus Son of Henry the Younger of 
 the Line of Wolffenbuttel, {lain in the Bat- 
 tle of Siverjhaufen 231. Author of a 
 Tranflation of the Hiftorian d’ Avila 237 
 Philip II. of the Line of Grubenhagen 286. 
 His Death and the Extinddion of his Line 
 287 
 
 PiSiure put up by Pope Hadrian V. of the 
 Coronation of the Emperor Lotharius 50 
 Primogeniture.) Right of, eftablifhed in the 
 Houfe of Brunfwick 16 1. Is fet afide 
 again 168. Is firmly fettled in the Houfe 
 of Brunfwick Luneburg 391 
 Proteftants, the Rife of that Appellation 216 
 
 R 
 
 Rammelfberg, its Mines fir ft worked 35. 
 Ratijbon becomes a Free Imperial City 64 
 Reformation, the Occafion of it 210 
 Richard I. King of England fummoned as a 
 Member of the Empire to the Eledlion of 
 an Emperor 78. Whether or no he was a 
 Feudatary of the Empire on account of 
 the Kingdom of England ibid. 
 
 Roland, a Prieft of Parma, his Boldnefs 19 
 Rofaries or Chaplets, their Rife 23 
 Rudolph I. 17 
 Rudolph II. 17 
 
 Rudolph Augujlus 349. His brotherly Affec- 
 tion ibid. His Conteft with the Houfe of 
 Brandenburg 350. With the Biftiop of 
 Munjier ibid. Reduces the City of Brunf- 
 wick 351. His Charailcr 352. 
 
 S 
 
 St. John, Knights of St. John or Hofpitalers, 
 afterv/ards Knights of Rhodes now Knights 
 of Malta 22 
 
 D E X. 
 
 Saxony, the Countries comprehended under 
 that Name 28. Dukes of Saxony oh the 
 Elbe 35. Dukes of Saxony on the Wefer 
 36. Marggraves of Saxony ibid. 
 
 Saxons, the different Opinions of their Ori- 
 gin and Name 28. Their Cuftoms ibid. 
 'Fheir Worfhip 29. How they were go- 
 verned ibid. All their Kings known to 
 Witekind the Great in Table I. When 
 known to the Romans ibid. Were obliged 
 to pay Tribute to the Franks 31. They 
 lofe their chief Idol ibid. The Column 
 of it ferves to put Candles upon in a 
 Church at Hildejheim 32. A great many 
 Saxons get themielves baptized ibid. 
 Sedlaries, a ftrange Sort of, in the Country 
 of Brunfwick 123 
 Sigfried or Sigbert of EJie 10 
 Smalcald, Union of, 217 
 Stadingi, a warlike People near Oldenburg 
 107 
 
 Stadtland and Budjadingia, held in Fief by 
 the King of Denmark of the Houfe of 
 Brunfwick 366 
 
 Suevi or Suabians, a Nation in Germany 29 
 T 
 
 Tartars, fill nine Sacks with Chriftian Ears 
 112 
 
 Templars, the Inftitution of that Order 45, 
 Are accufed of many horrid Crimes 1 30. 
 Lofe their Poffellions in the Dutchy of 
 Brunfwick 131 
 
 Teutonick Order, its Rife 132 
 Theobald of EJie 1 1 
 Thuringi, a Nation in Germany 29 
 Tibelinus, an Idol of the Saxons 29 
 Tiberius 4 
 
 Tile Kollup, an Impoftor 128 
 V 
 
 Valerianus of Efe guards a Paffage over the 
 River Po in the 14th Year of his Age 6 
 Vandali, a Nation in Germany 29 
 Venice, its Rife 4 
 
 Veneds, an Account of that Nation 46. Their 
 Name becomes in Abomination 52. Their 
 
 favage 
 
favage Cuflom of killing old People con- 
 tinued to the fourteenth Century 136. 
 
 W 
 
 WarinuSy Lord of Aliorff 15 
 
 Willimii furnatned Long-Sword.^ is an Hoftagc 
 at the Court of the Duke of Aujlrla for 
 Richard King of England 73. 104. Re- 
 leafed 76 
 
 William Son of Albert the Great at Brunf- 
 wick 126. His Death 130 
 
 William at Luneburg 136. His Death 142. 
 Great Difputes about his Succeffion ibid. 
 
 William the Elder or the Vidlorious at Calen~ 
 berg 172. Marches againft the HuJJiies 
 173. Conquers Ellenbogen and Egra 176. 
 And Brilck or Brix 177, A great Injuf- 
 tice done him by the Emperor Sigifmund 
 ibid. Is vidtorious againft the Danes near 
 Flenjburg 178. Leads the Aujirian T roops 
 againft the Duke of Burgundy 179. Af- 
 fifts at the taking of New Prague i8r. 
 Gains a Vicftory over the Archbifhop of 
 Mayence near Homburg ibid. And another 
 over Maurice Count of Oldenburg 182. 
 Comes to a Rupture with his Brother Hen- 
 ry the Pacifick ibid. A fignal Proof of 
 
 his Magnanimity ibid. Acquires the Coun- 
 ties of Hallermund, Wunjiorff.^ Wolpe., and 
 the Pofieffions of the Line of Gottingen^ 
 to which were added the Succeffion of his 
 Brother 183 
 
 William the Younger of the Line of Wolff'en- 
 buttel 187. His Valour in the Relief of 
 the City of Neus 188. Acquires the Ci- 
 ty of Helmjladt ibid. His Sentiments on 
 Death 189 
 
 William 0^ t\\c Honk oi Luneburg ip,"]. His 
 Acquifitions 285, His Charafter and 
 Death 286 
 
 William of the Line of Harburg 286. His 
 Death and the Extindlion of his Line 288. 
 
 Wigbert Son of Witekind the Great 33 
 
 Witekind the. Great ^ laft King of the Saxons 
 
 31. His Wars with Charles the Great 
 
 32. 33. Made Duke of Saxony ibid. The 
 black Horfe in his Efcutcheon changed into 
 a white Horfe., retained by the Houfe of 
 Brunfwick ibid. 
 
 Wolfgang of the Line of Grubenhagemj g. 
 Affifts at the taking of the Fortrefs of 
 Ehrenberg 259. His Meafures for the 
 Progrefs of the Reformation 260. His 
 Acquifitions ibid. 
 
 ERRATA, 
 
 P AGE 8. Line 1 1. Favorites, rtad Favourites, p. 15. 1 . 24. Leudicius, r. Leudifus.p. 16. I. 14. Aires, 
 r. Arles, p. 18. 1 . ig. under the, r. to the. p. 28. 1 . 3 i. have, r. trace, p. 31. 1 . 14. p. 32. 1 . 7, 
 13, 17, 22, 30, 32. p. 33. 1 . 4, 7, 9, 13, 16, 23, 30. p. 36. 1 . 14. Wittekind, r. Witekind. p. 52. 1 . 13. 
 County, r. Country, p. 60. 1 . 15. prevailed, r. prevailed upon. p. 6i. 1 . 18. imputed, r. imputed to. p. 
 62, 1 . 6. Angria and Wefiphalia, r. Angria in Wefphalia. p. 66. 1 . 6. Favorite, r. Favourite, p. 69. 1 . I7. 
 nacked, r. naked, p. 71. 1. 19. undifputable, r. indifputable. ib. 1. 1 1. of, r. in. p. 72. 1. 16. his, r. the, 
 p.89.1. 1 2. Oriential, r. Oriental, p. 94. 1 . 17. Vail, r. Veil. p. 96. 1 . 19. in its, r. to its. p. 107. 1 . 31. 
 fucccfsfully, r. fucceffively. p. no. 1 . 25 accuftomad, r. accoftomed. p. i.i2. 1 . 34. a Battle, r. the Battle, 
 p. 1 1 6. 1. 24. confumated, r. confummated. p. 119. 1. 18. then, r. than. p. 120. 1. 21. granted, r. 
 granted to him. p. 137. 1 . 12. happy, r. happily, p. 143. 1 . 18. went, r. went in. p. 148. 1 . ’g.Nouvo, 
 r. Nuonjo. p. 153. 1. 32. commended, r. commenced, p. 160. 1. 7. occurs, r. occur, p. 165. 1. 2j. them, 
 r. him. p. 166. 1 . 2. Favorites, r. Favourites, p. i6j. 1 - JJ. favourale, r. favourable, p. 170. 1 . 6. De- 
 ftruftions, r. Diftractions. p. 173.!. 20. viflorius, r. viftorious. p. 174. 1 . 34. raife, r. rife. p. 210. 1 . 8. 
 Wiclef, r. Wickliff. p. 213. 1 . 18. difuaded, r. dilTuaded. p. 217. 1 . 23 . acceeded, r. acceded, p. 234. 
 1 . 29. Gray, r. Grey. p. 245. 1 . 12. Camarades, r. Camerades. p. 250. 1 . i6. andp. 257. 1 . 19. preceeded, 
 r. preceded, p. 254. 1 . 16. appeared, r. appear, p. 264. 1 . 9. Fourthy, r. Forty, p. 270. in the Margent, 
 1696, r. 1596. p. 287. 1 . I. difapponited, r. drfappointed. p. 292. 1 . 16. fnrae, r.farne. p. 314. l.ult. 
 Shceme, r. Scheme, p. 348. 1 . 1. thought his, r. thought it his. p. 393. 1 . I. to lofe, r. oflofmg. p. 399. 
 1. 32. form himfelf, r. form to himfelf. p. 403. 1 . ii. Father’s r. Father, p. 424. 1 . 3 2. and, r, as., 
 p. 430, 1. 13. dwindle, r. to dwindle.. 
 
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 <1 
 
 The ancient Houfe of EJle 
 
 CAJU S ACTIUS o[EJJe, lived in ^qo. 
 
 ''CA JUS ACTIUS, ^ualu^ Eir, Dicuris and Similar^ 
 of R ome, Prince of EJie in 402. d. 410. 
 
 fLAVlUS ACTIUS. CAJUS XILUJS. AURELIUS ACTIUS.' d.TiS> 
 
 lucius. 
 
 TIBERIUS d. 428. 
 
 . _ , FORESTUS d. 454.'' 
 
 ElUS RENEmjs' ^MARVELLUS. ALPHORISIug' 'ACHARINUS:' 
 
 d. 457. d. 478. d. 478. 
 
 US. TIBERIUS. 
 1518. 
 
 IfERlANUS. 
 
 MAXIMUS Prince of £y/i^ '’ACTIUS or CONST ANTIUS'' 
 _ and EV*n d. 538. AZOI.d.538. d. 539. 
 
 'BASILIUS.' d. 564> 
 
 Table I. 
 
 The Ancejiors of the Guelphs. 
 
 PHARAMOND. King of the Franks d. 425. or 430. 
 'fcLODIO. King ofthe FranksTd7^5^ 
 
 (MEROVjEUS. King of ALBERO or ADELBERTUS'' 
 the Franks, d. 460. Duke on the Mofelle. d. 491. 
 
 ^VAUBERTUS or VVAMBERTUS. Dukron thei^*/^//<■^ 
 d. 528. 
 
 ^ ANSBERl'US. Duke^^n the d. ^0. ^ 
 
 BONIFACIUS d. 
 
 
 '^VALERIAN VS. d. 590^ 
 
 ARNOLDUS of whom Charles 
 xhtGreat theEmperors of the 
 
 Carlovhgian Line are defcended . 
 
 GERTRUDE married t^ 
 Richimeres Duke in Fran- 
 conia. d. 655. 
 
 ^ALDOARDUS d. 638. GUNDELHARDUS. d. 682^ 
 
 ^ALDOARDUS d. 700. HERIBERTUS . 
 
 '■regenfried'’ 
 
 d. 694. 
 
 
 ;7^ 
 
 'RH EOMANNU S 
 
 ''AELHARDUS.^ 
 
 '' ERNESTU S. t*- 75 ^ 
 
 'tiENRY I^rggraveof Prince'' 
 ofTrrt»/^/p and Fr//r/. d. 780. 
 
 ^ERBERGA married to Ega^ Major Domus 
 in France in the Reign of King Dagohert I. 
 d. 646. 
 
 'f^KEM~BALDUS, "Major Domus in ¥ 7 an^ 
 in the Reign of King Clodoveeus II. d. 661. 
 
 ^c 5 bIZO. OTHO. BERENGARIUS d7^40.'- 
 
 LEUDISIUS Maj( 
 d. 680. 
 
 r Domus?' 
 
 ETIIICUS furnamed j^delrici 
 d. 720. 
 
 r Duke of Alfatia. 
 
 'ADELBERTUS Duke of Alfatia. d. 
 
 ^ALBERT. 
 
 I'HEODORIC. 
 
 'EBERlIARDUSDuke of Alfatia. d. "74^ 
 ^VARI'NUS Lord or^^unt of Altorff d. 780^ 
 
 ISENBART Lord or Count of Altorff married 
 Irmentrudis Sifter in Law to the Emperor 
 Charles the Great. 
 
 'THEOBALD, d. ; 
 
 [fH£OBALD. II. CONRAD. 
 
 b 
 
 ALBERT, d. 995.^ 
 
 •lEDERlC, 
 
 M before 
 ^father. 
 
 BONIFACIUS?' 
 d. 1052. 
 
 'BONIFACIUS. 
 
 FULCO. 
 d. 1002. 
 
 HUGO ACTTUS? 
 d. 1014. 
 
 GUELPH. I. Lord or Count olAltor^ 
 of the Guelphs. 
 
 Author 
 
 MATHILDIS. Heirefs of Ferrara^ 
 Alantua., Lucca., ParmOy Mcdena, 
 Placentioy Regio, Pifa, Spoleto, An- 
 cenoy and Tufeany. m. i. Godfrey 
 Duke of Lorraine. 2. Azo. y. of 
 EJlty who divorced her. 3. Guelph 
 /'/. Duke of Bavaria and Count of 
 Altorffy who furvived her. She died 
 witJiout Ifiiie iiij. 
 
 'OBITIUS. 
 d. 1046. 
 
 ADELBRANDINUS. 
 
 'AZO. V. married Mathildis and 
 afterwards divorced her. He died 
 without Iflue. 
 
 AZO. IV. m. x.Cuntgund^ 
 Daughter o{ Guelph III. 
 Heirefs of the Sta- 
 
 tes. 2. Gerfenda Daughter 
 of HugOy Count of Maine. 
 d. 1097. 
 
 See Table II, 
 
 ''GUELPH. V. 
 
 Table n. 
 
 Note. m. fignifics married, d. died. 
 
 7^^ Ancejiors of Wite\md the Great. 
 
 1. HARDERICH King of the Saxons in 3858, or go. Years before the 
 
 Birth of Chrift. 
 
 2. ANSERICH King of the Saxons^x the Time of the Birth of Chrift' 
 
 3. WILCKE I. Prince of the Saxons A. 8. d. 30?^ 
 
 ^4 SUARTICKE I. Prince of the Saxons d. 76?' 
 
 '5T SUARTICKE II. Prince of the Saxons d. 8<^ 
 
 'b SIGWARDUS Prince oTthe Saxons lived A. 1007* 
 
 '7. WITEKIND King oTThe Saxons lived A. io67' 
 '^8~W1LCKE II. Princ^f the d. 190?' 
 
 9 - MXrBODUS King^f the Saxons d. 25^ 
 
 BODO King of^lie Saxons d. 300?^ 
 
 ^ii. WITTE I. King^^ the Saxom d. 3507^ 
 
 . WITTE II. Kin^f the Saxons d. 400.^ 
 
 '13. Wn IGISLUS Ki^ of the Saxom d. 434?* 
 
 '14. HENGST orHENGISTKiii^ofthc HORSTUS, went alh? 
 
 449. d. 474. to Britain. 
 
 15. H.ARIWACKER Esca or Hebusus, his Son Roni‘ 
 
 1 rince ofthe <S<r««r EscusKing Idas founded the 
 449. 10480. of Kent. Kingdomof Nort- 
 
 humberland. 
 
 '^16. Hart WIG ATE Prince of the i'awjrj to 524.'' 
 
 17. HULDERICUS King of the 5c.v5nr d. 540. 
 x8. BODICUS Prince of the Saxons in 540. lived ftill in 568. 
 
 'jg. BERTHOLDUS King of the lived ftill in 633?^ 
 
 ^20. SIGHARD King of the Saxons d. 69 XT' 
 
 ^21. DIETRIC King"^the Saxons d. 740?^ 
 '22.~ETHELHARD King of the ^ 23. WERNICKE King of xhC 
 
 Saxons d. 757. Saxons d. 768. 
 
 ''2J. WITEKIND the Great y laft King of the Saxons^^A firft Duke oi^ 
 Saxony d. 807. 
 
 See Table II, 
 
 J 
 

 
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From the Guelphs. 
 
 GUELPH I. Lord or Count of Ahtr-ff, Author of the 
 Guelph}. See Table I. d. 820. 
 
 Table II. 
 
 The Origin of the Houje of BRUNSWICK 
 
 From the Houfe of Efte, 
 
 ETHICO Count of Altorff Syo. 
 
 'flENRY Count eAAltorff & Dukeof^ 
 Lower Bavaria, lived in 860. H 
 
 'henry II. TTved in qio.'' 
 
 Rudolph, 
 d. 866. 
 
 CONRAD I. d. 862? 
 
 'RUDOLPH 1 . lived i 
 
 ^GUELPH II. Uved i 
 
 ‘RUDOLPH II. lived i 
 
 'CONRAD IL d. 881.^ 
 
 “llUDOLPH I. Kingol' 
 Burgundy d. 912. 
 
 GUELPH III. died about 1 047. 
 
 9S0. 
 
 'RUDOLPH II. King o! Bur> 
 gundy or of Arlet d. 957. 
 
 CONRAD Xing of Burgundy. 
 
 £99L 
 
 'RUDOLPH IIL King of Burt 
 guudj. died without llfue 1032. 
 
 Guelph IV. Dukeof Lower 
 Bavaria and of Carinthia d. 
 1055. without IlTue. 
 
 CUN IGUNDA, Heircfs ofBa- 
 c;ar/ij,and of theG«r//)ti>jrState8, 
 married to A»o IV. Marggrave 
 ofEfe. 
 
 AZO. IV. Marggrave of EJle, married i. Cunigunda 
 Heire/s Bavaria and of the Guelphie States. 2. Grr- 
 fenda, Daugther of Hugo Count of Maine. See Table I. 
 
 ^GUELPH. V. D\sV.o of Bavaria, m. 1 . Daughter of 
 
 Otho Duke of Saxony on the IVefer. 2. fudith. Daughter of 
 Flanders. 3. Agnes, Widow of the Emperor Henry III. d. 1 tot . 
 
 AZO. VI. by Gerfenda, Marggrave of Efe i froin 
 whom the Dukes of Modena are defeended. 
 
 ijUELPH VI. m. Mathildis Daughter and Heirefs of 
 Bonifacius of the elder Branch of the Houfe of Efe. 
 See Table I. d. 1 1 20. without IlTue. 
 
 
 HENRY the Slack, Duke of Bavaria, m. WulfbitT' 
 Daughter and Heirefs of Magnus lall Duke of Saxony 
 on the Elbe. d. 1 127. 
 
 'GUELPH Vil. Duke of Spoleto, Marggrave of 
 Tu/can^ and Prince of Sardistia. d. 1191. 
 without IlTue. 
 
 HENRY the Proud, Duke of Bavaria in Right ofhis Father, an(? 
 Duke of 5 oArff»v m Right of his Wife Gertraut, Daughter of tlie 
 Emperor Lotharius 11 . and Heirefs of Brunfvjick and of Saxony 
 on the Elbe and on the If’efer. d. i j 39. 
 
 'henry the Lyon, Duke of Saxonv and of Bavaria, b. 
 2. Mathilda Daughter of Henry II. King of England. 
 
 1129. m. 
 d. U95. 
 
 I . dementia Daughter of Conrad Duke of Zaringen^ 
 
 2. 2. 
 
 
 2. 2. 
 
 From Witelind the Great. 
 
 WITEKIND the d. 807. SeeTabU 1. 
 '"WIGBERt! Duke”*of~5aw^] J sT^T^ 
 '*BRUNO I. Duke oF Saxony. d. 843.^ 
 '"LUDOLPH, Great Duke of d. Sjg!' 
 
 OTHO the Grr«/, declined the Imperial Dignity 912. d.919? 
 'henry the Fowler, Empcrw of the Romans d. 93^ 
 
 'OTHO. I 
 Emperor. 
 
 HENRY Duke of Bavaria ^ 
 
 9 SS- 
 
 OTHO. II.' 
 Emperor. 
 
 ' HENRY. 
 
 BRUNO. HERMAN."' 
 
 'OTHO. IlL^ 
 Emperor. 
 
 'HENRY . 11 .' 
 Emperor. 
 
 ■SIEGFRIED I.d. looz^ 
 
 
 SIEGFRIED. 
 
 11 . 
 
 'OTHO Duke of Saxony on the J^efe. 
 
 d. 1083. 
 
 r and Duke of Bavaria!^ 
 
 HENRY the Gro/t Duke of Saxony on the Wefer, m. Gertraut'' 
 Heirefs of Brunfvjick, Siller to Ecbert II. lall Marggrave 
 oiSaxony, d. i loi. 
 
 RICHENZA, Heirefs oi Brunfvjick and of Saxony on the 
 IVefer, married to the Emperor Lotharius II. d. 1 138. 
 
 GERTRAUT Daughter of the Emperor Lotharius, II. Hci^ 
 refs of Brunfvjick and of Saxoty on the Elbe and on the IVeftr, 
 married Henry the Proud of the Guelphie Race Duke of 
 Bavaria. 
 
 GERTRAUT, by HENRY the Long, Count Palatine of LUDER 
 otherscaU’d/?if<&r/i* the Rhine, m. i. Agnes Daughter of d. tigr. 
 xa m. i. Frederic Conrad Count Palatine of the Rhine. 
 
 H\j\\oof Rotenburg. 2. Agnes Countefs of Landsberg. d. 
 
 2. Canutus King of l 227. 
 
 Denmark. 
 
 'IRMENGARDIS. AGNES, m. Otho Duke' 
 
 m. Herman Matg- of Bavaria and Count 
 grave of .Bnt/r/j. Palatine of xht Rhine. 
 
 OTHO. IV. Emperor of the m. 1. Beatrix 
 
 Daughter of the Emperor Philip. 2. Maria Daughter 
 of Henry Dike of Brabant, d. 1218. without llTue. 
 
 WILLIAM Longa- 
 Jpatha, b. 1 1 84. m. 
 Helena, Daughter of 
 M'oldemar I . King of 
 Denmark, d. 1213. 
 
 RIXA, or MATHILDA, ELEANOR. 
 RICHENZA m. Godfrey 
 Earl of 
 Perch. 
 
 MECHTIIDIS 
 a natural Daugh 
 ter. m. Borvin 
 Prince of the Fe 
 reds. Son of Pri 
 bijlaus II. 
 
 'OTHO the Infant, the Firfivjho nvas called Duke of Brunfvjick and Luneburg. 
 m. Mechtildis, Daughter of Albert II. Marggrave of Brandenburg, d. 1252. 
 
 See Table III. and IV. 
 
 Nm. b.yr^n.>j born, m. nurried, d. died, and ihtNumbcn i.andz. placed over a Name, Ihew Uie Iffiie of ilie firll or of Ihe fecond Marriage. 
 

 
 • 4 
 
 1 
 
 ■ 
 
 - ■ V ^ 
 
 4 »ift nik a*><4^k 
 
 t *■■:, 
 . >*.' 
 
 
 '•. r;' •■» :4 k; 
 
 ? '■ t 
 
 ■j*' 
 
 ■f“ 
 
 
 r,. : 
 
Table III. 
 
 The Houfe of BRU NShFICK of thefirjl Divifm. 
 
 OTHO the Infant* See "Table II. 
 
 |TibeCrr«/, b. 123^. m. 1. Eli- 
 jJlQghtcr of Htnry V. Duke of 
 0 2, Adtlhtii, Sifter of Olio 
 Mmlferrat . d . 1 279. 
 
 OTHo.Bilhop of 
 HiUeihtim. d. 
 1279. 
 
 Conrad, Bifhop of 
 Vtrdtn. d. 1303. 
 
 Helena, m. Aihtrt\. 
 Duke of Saxony, d. 
 1173. 
 
 Mechtild, m. f/fwiTi Prince Aoelhejd, m. //rw/y "Landgrave of A gnes, ns. _ * 
 
 of Anhalt; after his Death d. 1308. ° 
 
 Abbe/s of Octnvodt, 
 
 Elizabeth m. William Emperor 
 of the Romani. 
 
 LUNEBURG. ^ 
 
 JOHN Founder of the Houfe ^ Loneburc D/'i'j/J?*. 
 
 ^GRVBiyHAGEN. 
 
 5 J. or the Wonderful^ m* Ag*. 
 ^ Landgrave of Tburingen, d. 
 
 flCISofthe Wi 
 
 i Daughter 
 1322. 
 
 Mbchtild, m. I. Erich VI. King of Denmark. 
 2. Henrylll. Duke ofGlogavJ. 
 
 Lvder, Otho, and Conrad entered the Teufonici Order in Prujfia. 
 
 GOITIHGEN. 
 
 ALBERT the Grofs, m. Rjca Daughter of Henry the Elder 
 Prince of Werle in Meekknburg d. 1318. 
 
 BRUNSWICK. 
 WILLIAM, died without Iftiic 1292. 
 
 
 icf Etmieek 
 L I3<7- 
 
 died un- 
 married. 
 
 HENRY II. or the lounger at Gruben- ERNEST at Oferode. Margaret. m.J. AcNEsor/rwr. Adelheid. m. Eli 
 bagen. m. t. Helena Daughter of Wolde- ■ ai. Agnes Daughter Witz/aux Prince m. Andronicui Henry Duke 
 
 marl. Marggnve of Brandenburg. 2. of Henry 111 . Count of Rugen. 2 Bar- III. Emperor of Canntbia. 
 
 Mary Prmcek of Cyprus, d. I337. of Eberfttin. d.ahout nmw Duke of oflhe£a 7 ?.d. d. 13Z0. 
 
 the Year 1360. Pomerania. 1316. 
 
 7.ADETH or>^^«?' 
 m. Frederic Count 
 of Beichlingen. 
 
 ^DtKtc^Tir- 
 «b7«uI. 
 a tf Sapid. 
 
 BALTHASAR, 
 m. Johar.etia 
 Heirefsof fo«- 
 dt in Naples. 
 
 Melchior. Riddac 
 Biftiop of Of 
 nabruek and 
 Sclrwerin. d. 
 
 1386. 
 
 Ann. m? 'ALBERT II. at Gruben- 
 Barnimus hagen. m. Se/i/aDaugh- 
 
 Duke of ter of Albert Duke of 
 
 Pomerania. SaxeLauenburgd.i^gy. 
 
 Ot: 
 
 10, died Ernest, Pro- FREDERlCat Oy/Wr, 
 his In-' vortof the m. 1 Dough- 
 
 fancy. 
 
 Dome of 
 Eimbeek, d. 
 1422. 
 
 Ann. m. 
 Wf«»^VIIL 
 ter of Henry Count of Count of 
 Hamburg. 1 Judith of Hohnjlein, 
 the Houfe of Anhalt. 
 d. 1404 or 140^. 
 
 r BRUNSWICK. 
 OTHOthe/iiera/, b.iZ92. Albert. 
 m. I . Agnes Daughter of Bifhop of 
 Conrad I. Marggrave of Halber- 
 Brandenburg. 1. Jutha fiadt. d. 
 Daughter Henry, Eand- 1358. 
 grave of Hejfe. d. 1344. 
 
 OiCNEs, m. Barnimus III. G 07 T 1 NGE N. 
 Duke of Pomerania d, 
 
 1371. 
 
 GOT 7 ISGEN. 
 
 ERNEiT, m. Henry. Bruno, 
 
 Elizaatbox Bilhopof d. 1303 
 Barbra, HUdts - 
 
 Dauglter of heim. d. 
 
 HrnrjDukeof 13^2. 
 
 Sagatd.i^ty. 
 
 ^ ^UNEBURG. 
 
 OTHO the5/ra«^, Elizabeth, Acnes.ih. LEWIS, 
 
 . Margaret m. William God/ried tild Daughter of 
 
 
 BRUNSWICK. 
 
 Luoer, Grand John, MAGNUS I. orthe Adelheid. Mechtild. Richenza." Jutha. 
 Mafter of the Knight Pious, m. Sophia Abbefs 
 
 TeutonickOr- oftEc Daughterofi/f/uji of Gan- 
 der, d. 1535. Teutonick Marggrave of derjkeim. 
 
 Order. Brandenburg, d. 
 
 i} 6 S. 
 
 'ERIC'H at Gruhenbagen, m. F.lizabetbDzu^ta ^THO at Eimbeek, m. Sebarsutta C’ouiitefs of Naffau, d. 
 
 of Otho the Strong, Duke of Brunfwick of the 
 Line of Gottingen, d. 1431. 
 
 V. Dulce of Pomerania. 
 
 I4n.» 
 
 Daughter of Gtr- 
 hardD\^tofBtrg. 
 
 d. 1394. 
 
 Count of 
 Hennebcrg. 
 
 Count of 
 Zigenhtyn. 
 
 William Duke of 
 Lmeburgd.Xid'}. 
 
 BRUNSWICK. 
 
 MAGNUS ll.orTor- 
 qiiatus, m. Catherine 
 Daughter of Wolde- 
 mar I. Eleftor of 
 Brandenburg d. 1373. 
 
 Albert, Ernest, 
 ArchBi- d. 1374. 
 fhop of 
 Bremen. 
 d.1395. 
 
 N 
 
 Mechtild, Helena, AcNEs.'m. 
 ra. Bernhard m. Otko Eneb 
 
 HI. of.ifa- Count of Count of 
 
 bait. Hcya. H<^a. 
 
 A.K m I /(&«III.Dub= HENRY III. at ELittABETH,m.C.>/r ALBERT III. at 
 
 Duke of 4o^e..m.f.eA/H3augh 
 
 Daughter of John I. afterwards Abbefs of 
 
 rf- of Bavaria. 
 
 U.I439. Duke of Brunfwick of die 
 
 Dukeof 5 <»^<*ff»d. 14^9. Candtrjheim.d.\^^2.. 
 
 ter of Volrad I. Count of 
 Waldeck,d. 1490. 
 
 Sophia, Abbefs 
 of Ganderjhtim 
 d. 1483. 
 
 Margaret, 
 m. Simon 
 Count of 
 Lipp,. 
 
 d. 1374. t ' 
 
 Willi 
 in bis In- 
 
 Ernest, Pro^' 
 voft of the 
 Dome of 
 Eimbeek. 
 
 fancyi385. 
 
 l.itt ofCalenherg. , - , , 
 
 HE.NRV IV.atG„Wog... ot. ^ua.oatUoI Ebb^t. PHIUR 
 
 Bernhard Duka of Saxe- Lauenburgd.l^it. 14^2. 0.1400. j j 33 33 
 
 GOTTINGEN. 
 ,d. OTHOCof/ej.m. 
 Agnes Daughter 
 oj HrmanLand- 
 grave of/fr^, d, 
 I4dj. 
 
 Agnes, 
 m. Henry 
 Count of 
 Hohnjlein. 
 
 iLIZABBTH.m. 
 
 Erich Duke of 
 Brunfwick of 
 the Line of 
 Grubenhagen. 
 
 r 
 
 FREDERIC, £m- 
 
 peror of the Ro- 
 mans. m. Ann 
 Daughter ofiVen- 
 eeflaus EleAor of 
 Saxo^d.1400. 
 
 LUNEBURG. 
 
 BERNHARD, 
 
 Founder of the, 
 Houfe of Ewa- 
 Burc of the 
 fecond Divijton. 
 See Table. VI. 
 
 it 
 
 ERNESTIl. at Gn»ifH- Albert, b. 1 521. 
 4^f»,b.i5i2.m.A/flr- killed nearG««* 
 
 Daughter of Ge- gen, 1546, 
 
 irre Duke of Pomer- 
 ania d. I 5^7. 
 
 526. 
 
 John. b. 
 
 {Iain near 0. 
 E^intin. 1557 
 
 WOLFGANG at GrwAfH- 
 bagen, b. 1531. m Doro- 
 thy Daughter of Fr<j«f/rl. 
 Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg 
 
 d. 1595, without Iffue. 
 
 ILuabeth m. John Duke of 
 
 ^ BtIJtin Sussderburg. d. 1586. 
 
 PHILIP II- it Gruben- Elizabeth. 
 
 Aa^en.b. 1 533. m. C/are died young. 
 Daughter of Henry the 
 yoiuf^erDuke of Brun- 
 fwiek of the Line of 
 Wolffenbutul, d. 1 5 96. 
 without liTue. 
 
 Barbara. 
 died young. 
 
 J A T H E R I N E.b^ 
 1524. m. l.Johis 
 Ernef Duktof Saxe 
 Coburg. 2. Philip 
 Count ofSchvjartz- 
 burg d. 1581. 
 
 Catherine, m. Henry Count Ann 
 
 of SchvjarUburg. of AuJU 
 
 1388. Arch- 
 BifhopofBre- 
 men I395.d. 
 1407. 
 
 Frederic W . Duk^ 
 
 BRUNSWl CK. 
 
 Otho, Bilhop HENRY, HELENA.m. 
 of Verden Founder of AlbertW. 
 theHoufeof 
 Brunswjci 
 of the fecond 
 Divifon. 
 
 SeeTableN. 
 
 
 ■ ‘4J2- 
 
 Agnes, Anna, Catherine, 
 ra.Bup m.Mau- m.l. Grr^ar^ 
 Duke of /aCount rire Duke of Slef 
 Mtckltn- ofMans- Counlof vsick.i. Erich 
 burg and fcld. 2. Olden- IV. Duke of 
 King of Bogiflaus lurgd. 
 
 Sutden,d. Duke of 14^0. 
 
 1433. Pomerania. 
 
 Saxe Lauen- 
 burg. 
 
 Note. b. fignif.es born, m. married and d. died. 
 
V fx.' 
 
 
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^ ERVUStriCK. 
 ALBERX the Great, Fcu»Jtr 
 tf the Hou/e of Brvn- 
 I U i C K firJlDi’viJkn. 
 See Table JU. 
 
 Table IV. 
 
 The Moufe of UJNEBURG of the firjl Divifk 
 
 ’ion. 
 
 OTHO the Infant. See Table II. 
 
 Otho, Bifhop CoNRAD,B*f^iop Helena, m. 
 of Hildejheim. of Verdertf d. >^/^fr/I.Duke 
 
 d. 1279. *303* ofS<urfl>9», d. 
 
 l^73» 
 
 MECHTILD.m. 
 Henry Prince of 
 ; after his 
 Death Abbefsof 
 Gernrode. 
 
 ADELHEID.m. 
 Henry Land- 
 grave of Hef- 
 ye, d. 1308. 
 
 AcNES,m. ELtZABETH.m. 
 Weneefaui William Em- 
 Prince of perorofthei?9- 
 Rugen. mans. 
 
 LUNEBURG. ^ 
 JOHN, m. Luitgardis 
 Daughter of Ger- 
 hard I. Count of 
 Holjiein, d. 1177. 
 
 
 ^OTHO theSeoifre, m. il/«<&/»4/Daugh» Elizabeth, m. Conrad Agnes, m. Gardewin Helena, m. fohn yill. Mechtild, m. Henry 
 ter o( Letnis the Severe, Dnke of Ba Coartt of Wernigerode. Count of Count of 0//<r/>iar^. Prince of 
 
 varia and Count Palatine of the leben. 
 
 Rhine d. 15 30. 
 
 
 OTHO, m. il/argarrr Daughter of WILLIAM, m. i. iW<jr/<*,Daughterof A/^Wa, z. Sophia 
 Henry the Lyon, Duke of Bleek- Daughter of Sueden, 3. Ge/ecke Countcfs of Ravenjberg. 4. 
 /<OT^*>^d. 1554, jSgnes Daughter of Erich I. Tlx^zof Saxe-Lauenburg. 
 
 d. 1369. 
 
 Le 
 
 S' 
 
 ;, Bifhop of John, Adminiftrator of 
 MrWr/;,d. 1346. the Arch-Bilhoprick 
 of Bremen. 
 
 4 
 
 Mechtild, m. Henry Count 
 of WaldecK 
 
 ^ 'ri 
 
 ELIZABETH, m. Otho Duke of Saxorsy of the MECHTILD, m. i . Lenuis Dukeof Brunfwick, Brother 
 Afeanian RaceyBrotliieT to WenceJIausEXefXot of Magnus Torquatus, z.Otho, Count of Schaumburg, 
 of Saxont,^. 1334, 
 
 Albert Duke of Saxory, d. 1385. 
 
 NoVe< b. fignlhes bom, m. married, aod d. died. 
 

 
 
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 ft , - 
 
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 V 
 
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1 aoic V . 
 
 7he Hotije of BRU NS WICK of the femd Divifion. 
 
 HENRY, 
 
 Youngeft Son of S„ TabU III. m. I. Sophm, Daughter of VI. 
 
 Duke of Pomerania. 2. MargareU Daughter of Herman^ Landgrave of//#, d. 1416. _ 
 
 f CALENBER G. 
 
 WILLIAM xEt Elder or the ViSforiousy b. 1392. m. i. CaeUia, 
 Daughter of Frederic I. Eleftor of Brandenburg. 2. MechtUdy 
 Daughter of Othoy Count of Schaumburg, d. 1482. 
 
 Catherine, m. Frederic xEt Warlike, 
 Ele£lor of Saxony, d. 1442. 
 
 WO L F F E N BUTT E E. ^ 
 
 2, 
 
 HENRY the Pacifich, b. 1411- tn. Hilma, Daughter of 
 Jdelph, Duke of Clrvcs. d. 1473. 
 
 CjI LEN B ERG. 
 
 I. 
 
 fUEDERIC, m. T. Am, Daughter of Erich Duke of Brunfwick, 
 ofthc Line of Grubenhapen. 2 . Margaret, Daughter of Can- 
 rad yil. Count of Rietberg. d. 1494* without Inuc. 
 
 lyo L f EE N B UTTE L . 
 
 i. 
 
 WILLIAM the rmnger, m. Elhabilh, Daughter 
 of Batha, Count of Slalbirg. d. 1503. 
 
 ''Margaeet, b..l 4 Sl- m- irUliam P, Coont of Hinncbcrg.'' 
 d. 1509. 
 
 Otho, d. in his Infancy, 
 in 1468. or 147 ** 
 
 BRUNSIVICK nr WOLFFEUBUTTEL. 
 HENRY the Elder, b. 1463. m. Catherine, Daughtei of Eneh II. 
 Duke of Pomerania, d. 1514. 
 
 Ann, m. William I. Landgrave of Hejft. 
 d. J 5 IS- 
 
 C A L E N B E RG. ~ ~ ^ 
 
 ERICH I. or the Elder, b. 1470. m. 1. Catherine, Daughter of ^ftrrr, Duke of Su«n 7 - 
 2 Elizabeth, Daughter of Jeachim I. Eleaor of Brandenburg, b. 1540- 
 
 UTOPHERjb. 1487. 
 ibilbop of Bremen 
 IBifhop of Verden. 
 1558. 
 
 Erich, Comman- HENRY fhe^lti^ef b 1489. m. I. fRANCia, K ’/L Duke 
 
 derofthe Tewo- ^urnr. Daughter of Hr»ir7, Duke 1492.81^9 . j c at fr A„ and Arch-Bi- of Saxe- Lauenburg. 
 
 •sL?r.„i a,,.,. — ^ 
 
 iiEs Victor, Philip Magnus, 
 1525. killed in b. 1527. killed in 
 Bittle of 5 i- the Battle of St - 
 
 U»ff^ >553- verjhaufen 1553* 
 
 WO LF F EN BVTT E L. 
 
 I. 
 
 IULIU 5 , b. Hedwigy 
 
 Daughter of "Joachim 11 , 
 Eleiflor of Brandenburg, d. 
 1589. 
 
 r CALEN BE RG 
 ERICH n. or the b. 1528. 
 
 m. 1 . Sidonioy Dau^ter of Henry 
 the Pious, Duke oiSaxony. 2. Do- 
 reliy, Daughter ofFrancis, Duke 
 of Lorraine, d. 1584. withoutle- 
 gitimate UTuc. 
 
 AnnMaria, Euzabeth, Catherine, 
 
 m. Albert, 
 Duke of 
 Prujpa.d. 
 I568> 
 
 George 
 Ernejly 1 ^ 
 Prince of 
 Henneberg. 
 
 d. 1566. 
 
 m. William, 
 Count of Ro- 
 /#nA«rr^, Burg- 
 grave of Bohe- 
 mia. d. 1558* 
 
 Catherine, b. 1518 Mary, b. 1521. Margaret, m. 
 m. lahn, Marggravc Abbefs ofGun- Wn, Duke of 
 of Brandenburg, d. der^eim. d. Munferbergmi 
 
 1574. 1539 - <*• *565- 
 
 Clare, b. 1532. m. Phi. 
 Up II. Duke of Brunf- 
 wick oftheLinc ofGra- 
 benhagen. d. 1595* 
 
 i)A Hedwig, b. 
 h. m. Emeji Le- 
 ii Duke of Pome- 
 lo. d. 1631. 
 
 WO L F FENBVTTEL. 
 
 HENRY lULIUS, b. 1564. m. i. Dorothy, Maria, b 
 Daughter of Eleaor of m bra, 
 
 2. Elizabeth, of Frederic II. King 
 
 of Denniarck. d. 1613. 
 
 WOLF FENBurrn . 
 
 566. 
 
 m. Francis II. Du- 
 ke of Saxe-Lauen~ 
 burg. d. 1626. 
 
 EE.2ABETH,b.is67.n,._i.^r/^., Phie.pShi.mun^ IoachimCha^^ "^^“"7;“of 
 
 laLIZAHt 1 n, u. a*** » 
 
 Countof Schaumburg. 2 . Chrtjto- 
 
 ( her, Duke of Luneburg, of the 
 ,ine of Harburg. d. 1618. 
 
 1568. Bifhop of Ver- 
 den and Ofnabruck. 
 
 d. 1623 
 
 1573. Provoft of the 
 Dome at Strajburg. 
 d. 1615. 
 
 b. 1577- Abbefs of 
 Ganderjheim. d. 1625. 
 
 Otho Duke of Lune- 
 burg of the Line of 
 Harburg d. 1641. 
 
 OTHY Hedwig, 
 1587. tn. Rudolph, 
 uice of Anhalt- 
 rrhji d. 1608. 
 
 FREDERIC ULRIC, b. 1591. 
 m. Ami Sophia, Daughter of 
 John Sigifmund, Ekftor of 
 Brandenburg, d. 1634. with- 
 out Iffue. 
 
 Sophia Hedwig, b. 1592. 
 m. Ernejl Caftmir, Count 
 of NaJfauDietz, and Stadt- 
 holder in Friezland. d. 
 1642. 
 
 E L i z A B E T H ,b . 1 593. m . I . tt/ 7 «r , 
 
 Duke of Saxony, Brother to the 
 Ek^or John George I. 2. John 
 Philip, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg. 
 d. 1650. 
 
 Hedwig, b. 1595. 
 m. Ulric, Duke 
 of Pomerania, d. 
 1622. 
 
 2. z. ‘‘• 
 
 Dorothy, b. 1596. m. Christian, b. Rudolph 
 
 A, , e, , II* Itjr T3I niean I . Klf 
 
 Chrijiian William, Marg- 
 gydMi of Brandenburg and 
 Adminiftrator of Magde- 
 burg. d. 1643. 
 
 1599. Bifliop 
 of Halberjladt. 
 d. 1626. 
 
 1602. Bifhop 
 of Halberjladt, 
 d. 1616. 
 
 Henry Charles, 
 b. 1609* Bifhop 
 of Halberjladt, 
 d. 1615. 
 
 Ann Auguta, b. 
 1612. m. George Le- 
 wis, Prince of Najfau 
 Dillenburg. d. 1656. 
 
 Noteib. fignifies born, m. married, d. died, and the Numbers : 
 
 and 2. placed over a Name, fhew the Iffue of the fiift or of the fecond Marriage, 
 
'i ‘ 
 
 i. 
 
 
 ^ Y- ■ 
 V 31 
 
 1 ‘ 
 
 ^v■:^•.,.,^ M-':v 
 
 * - \ . 
 
 d 
 
 • I 
 V 
 
 
 ■ ' . v’ 
 
 »i ' ■ 
 
 1 ' 1 i * 
 
 >'t 
 
 ' , .' j . . ■ I- 
 
 ..-h 
 
 >■ .1 
 
 
 
 i ■ t: 
 
 * >■€<..... ., — ,. 4 i» ‘A. ^ 
 
 >1 » ? ,■ ’. ,\ V ' ' 
 
 i . I ■ 
 
 * I 
 
 ’■■ ’yV- ■ ^ A. V.w .'itt •,.'»«'t| •■*■' ' 
 
 :-.^i :«/.U..vH' 
 
 T ' -y . ■ ! 
 
 •■ r -.♦vV' 
 
 • / 
 
 yv . J; '.; 
 
 ., ; 
 
 '”^" '”•<»'* '“.* ■ *■ -■ 
 
 ,■ .<v F '. ‘X 4 -v -.^ j)- ' . . .>;.] 
 
 - f»- . 
 
 i\..V I- -/cT. ; V -’- T 
 
 ,., ;.,. -r ... , /.. . '-.yTl 
 
 - ' 1 M ^ ^ . r. *Ll 
 
 t.-1 ;.■ 
 
 * ; • 
 
 r'U 
 
 nif - 
 
 -4. Sii.. 
 
 1 „ Cj 
 
 ■as 
 
 . J . r . ■ .,'J X i\ ii'. 
 
 • . . >»*■'' 'T.y' ^ ^ 
 
 I . ^ .t 1.' 
 
 ; f. j / V a 
 
 •.‘tij, 
 
 A .'f ,. , ; « 
 
 ;.• • i .' : ■ ! ■’■%% ■> J . ; 
 
 “•* ; ' lr«4'i(X6i|t v- 
 
 • -C'/ 
 
 
 ^* "*"*** *** »♦• ,x •- 
 
 
 i ‘yr '• . - - 
 
 ■ b 
 
 
 
 
 
 ' ■ f* ./T-Tx , . . ■ 
 
 tj . • • >« 
 
 
 \ 
 
 ■V-: -v- 
 
 • -■ - \X'4 - ._«_ 
 
 
 X .. ...... ,p . ,.i 4.-^-. 
 
 
 .X 
 
 j ■ f' 
 
 .r* , 
 
 ip# : ',J : 
 
 ^ *f"' ‘ . -jj' I -v'.a' v\ ,«i. . 
 
 *'- '4 '' ’ ■ ••>•' . ■•■>....»' V5 <:){ 
 
 ■■■■"*.'• • .ir 
 
 i . ■ ****■. ■ ■ ^ »♦ ^ ♦ » . 4 -u. W> • 4 JL< ... 
 
 •i':; '•' , . " • 
 
 i' rxj 
 
 " -r-^.v . ■^- 
 
 -.■■■’•»••'- f .•■ ' ■' >r •• -I.;! '4. 
 
 ■ ■-r\.r.-vy ‘ '■'-<■ - > 
 
 • • 'r , V •'.•••• • . 
 
 ... ‘ .^j,-:-....,- • 'IK® 
 
 
 
 .Itt'i , . .'1 
 
 .#,(•) .. ■ - f-' -j,' 
 
 #.. 
 
 t -I ' y , 
 
 ■•y^. '■* .dr .i^. .5':- ;_. a ., ,<r;i;J.; .•!<■(..; , . .- -• =;^fa* 
 
 i; .3ilu. ■-> . is;)^ • . -; Tv'l.l.?. - .v 4^''^. 
 
 • y .-- 
 
 
 .. ' < ^ 
 
 Y 
 
 ‘JI 
 
 
 1 ‘).13 , .;r h! ^i.'?. r(;t ’• ' ,<j':'fc^ .rf ' " '^'* 
 
 
 4 * 
 
Table VI. 
 
 The Houfe of LU N EBU RG of the fecond Divijkn. 
 BERNHARD I. 
 
 Eldeft Son of Magnus Torquatus, See Table III. m. Margaret^ 
 Daughter of IVenceflaus^ Eleilor of Saxony, b. 1434* 
 
 OTHO. ra. EUzabethy Daughter and Heirefs of FREDERIC the Pious, m. Magdaltiiy Daughter oi Frederic I. 
 
 Herman //, Count oi Eberjiein. d. 144^5. EleAor oi Brandenburg, d. 1478. 
 
 'llERNHARD II. m. Mechtildy Daughter of OTHO the Magnanimous, m. Ann^ Daughter of fohny Count 
 Otboy Count of Schaumburg, d. 1464. of Najfau. d. I47i« 
 
 OlENRY the Younger, m. Margarety Daughter of Erntjiy Eleftor of Saxony, d. 1532. 
 
 Catherine, m. Ca/imir VI. Duke' 
 o( Pomerania, d. 1429. 
 
 Margaret, m. Henryy Duke oT' 
 Mecklenburg, d. 1466. 
 
 WuiIAM. d. 1480. ^ 
 
 r' iTTrbIFr^. 
 
 IiizABiTH, b. 1494. m. OTHO the Eldery b. 1495.n1. Francis Henry, 
 
 Charles, Duke of Gilders. Mechtild de Camden, died in his Infancy, 
 
 d. 1572. I 5 + 9 - 
 
 ( HA RB UR G. 
 
 OTHO the Tounger, b. 1528. m. i. Margaret, 
 Daughter of fobn Henry, Count of Schwartz-, 
 burg. 2. Hedwig, Daughter of Enno II, Count 
 of Eajl^ Friezland. d. 1603. 
 
 Ann, Otho, Francis, 
 Frederic, and Mar- 
 garet, died in their 
 In^cy. 
 
 d. Henry, d. in 
 his Infancy. 
 
 \ 
 
 Susanna, 
 d. 1581. 
 
 ZELLE. 
 
 ERNEST the Confejfor, b. 1497. m. 
 Sophia, Daughter of Henry, Duke 
 o\ Mecklenburg, d. 1546* 
 
 Author of the Houfes of 
 Brunswick and Luneburo 
 of the lajl Divifton. 
 
 Set Table VII. 
 
 ArOLLONI A, b. 
 1499. » 57 ‘- 
 
 Ann, b. 1502. m. Bar- 
 nimus XI, Duke of 
 Pomerania, d. 1568. 
 
 GIFFHORN. ^ 
 FRANCIS, b. 1508. m. Clare, 
 Daughter of Magnus II, Duke 
 of Saxe-Lauenburg. d. 1549. 
 
 Catherine, m. Henry VII. Clare, m. i. Bernhard VIII, Prince^ 
 laft Burggrave of Mifnia. of Anhalt. i.BogislausXIII,Du\ieoi 
 
 d. 1565. Pomerania, d. 1598. 
 
 Elizabeth, b. 
 1552. m. Ericb 
 Brahe, Count 
 of tViefenburg. 
 
 d. 1617. 
 
 Otto Henry, 
 b. I 55 S- 
 d. 1591. 
 
 H JR BURG. 
 
 1 . 2 . 
 
 John Frederic, WILLIAM, b. 1564. 
 >557* unmarried 1642. 
 
 d. 1619. gj ffj-j 
 
 2. 
 
 Ann Marga- 
 ret, b. 1567. 
 d. 1643. 
 
 2. 
 
 Hedwig, 
 b.'ifbg. 
 d. 1620. 
 
 2 . 
 
 CHRISTOPHER, b. 1570. 
 m. Elizabeth, Daughter of 
 Julius, Duke of Brunfivick. 
 d. 1606. 
 
 2 . 
 
 Otho, b. 1572. m. 
 Hedwig, Daugh- 
 ter ofjulius, Du- 
 ke of Brunfwick. 
 d. 1641. 
 
 2 . 2 . 
 
 I o H N, Catherine Sophia, 
 b. 1573. b. 1577. m. Herman, 
 
 d. 1625. Count of Schaumburg. 
 
 d. 1665. 
 
 Frederic, 
 b. 1568. 
 d. 1605. 
 
 2. 
 
 Enno, Henry, Eli- 
 zabeth, and Fre- 
 deric Augustus, 
 died in their Infancy. 
 
 Note : b. fignifies born, m. married, d. died, and the Numbers 1. and 2. placed over a Name, fhew the Ifluc of the firft or of the fecend Marriage. 
 
1 
 
 ■' , I 
 
 71 
 
 
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 - 'ir 
 
 •• 4‘ 
 
 
 
 
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 LI *\tt wW ;' 
 
 
 
 r 
 
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 hi f'O * 
 
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 'Ju ^ Vm .11 
 
 V .li ^;:; ■^•■lr«.#•,^:'‘;v Sy yfjtij' . t'.AX»v) 
 
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 ~ L - -r ■> ♦ « 4»>i' 1^ W. v> ■ » ..-• - ... -•«*» 
 
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 •■ I 
 
 ,r 
 
 o;lr f ' *«i 
 
 ■.y-i.- 
 
 I .L ' i ar » J!'i I .dl y drrijO 
 
 >’i.t' i'ti ,'«.»vjiv \»)'3 -iV 'u'.vvtisV.i, I i' .'.t^T 
 
 
 >ifwv . -.Vwai 
 
 V 1 
 
 r 
 
 j — »ac»* ‘ •*>*•»* ^ i 
 
 (!>T ; 
 
 
 ' * (ZiWA --<1 jOHrO ,-Wv?A - .T,.i 1 '.^5?i .4 /i.y-w t oij OI 
 
 .joc'^ i't.f: V ,vhx>K ;4t\ Ic 
 
 _ -ion: til l>?ib ,'i'AMA'o ^\\ '^o 't?* .'y;i 
 
 . (jrujlnl '.b i’W\ ' ^ \t 
 
 .1 
 
 .T 
 
 > ' _ ' .'^ AV-\i 
 
 •■ '■ ’ ;a -S- . . ' 
 
 .j;-' l/- H>'A jc'5 ^vr.:<ul.' -.riO -1 
 
 .<^dn .’i ,thb imi ; fl£r..Ht ,h' ■e??'- •?* - ' .'?i 
 
 -_ {<•»< ■I' .,Ai ,u. .•••«“'* J* *n' ••» . 'iftiva 
 
 ■k 
 
 r'i ;>B? tbaib .0 ,f> 'imi'ji :«fi {myd »-?F£iny»l. .df :*53>VI 
 
 1-' 
 
 .\<0t, 
 
 •; -.is 
 
 •i- 
 
 ■■'li 
 
 (»l 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 y- :U|f 
 
 ■ iM 
 
 
 r ! 
 
 i. 
 
 •'/■■ 
 
 V .■■■. 
 
 f.‘f I, ■ ;■,■/':•■ :ty 
 
 r W «^z . - 
 
 1'"^' 
 
 P' VV^iJl 
 
r 
 
 r 
 
 Francis Oruojb. 1 530. 
 m. Elizabeth Magdalen, 
 Daughter Joachim II. 
 Elcflor ol Brandenburg. 
 d. I;s9, 
 
 Table VII. 
 
 The Houfe of B RU NS WI CK of the laji Divijion, or the prefent Houfe 
 ofBRUNShFICK-fVOLFFENBUTTEL. 
 
 ERNEST the Co!^effor. See Table FI. 
 
 DJNREBE RG. 
 
 Frederic, HENRY, b.i5J3.m. Margaret, b.1534. 
 ’ 1532. £/jyi/a, Daughter of m. John I. Count 
 
 by Stveri- 
 
 Franeis I. Duke of 
 Saxe~Lauenburg. d. 
 
 1598' 
 
 of Manifeld. 
 
 LUN E BU RG. 
 
 Ursula, Catherine, ElizabethUrsula, MagdalenSophia, Sophia, b. ic4t. WILl.IAM, b. 1555. 
 b’ 1536. b. 1537. d,- b. 1539- w. Otho, b. 1540. m. yir- m. Poppo Xr lll. der of the prefent Houfe of 
 d. 1538. Count of Sehamn- Count of Count of B runswick-Luneburg. 
 
 lurg. 158^. heim-Steinforlh. d. berg. d. 1631. See Tabic Fill, 
 
 lS8tf. 
 
 DANHEBERG. 
 
 JULIUS ERNEST, b. 1371. m. t. AiaWa, Daughter of Fzari///. Count of Francis, b. J 571. 
 
 Friezland. i. Sybilla, Daughter of Williatn Duke of Luneburg d. 1636. d. 1601. 
 
 Ann Sophia, b. 
 ‘S74- 
 
 Henry, b.i 374 . 
 d. 1575. 
 
 Sybilla ELtzABETn.b. 1576. m. An- 
 thony Ca>xi\t of Oldenburg. d. 1630. 
 
 SiDONiA,b. 1377. 
 d. i6+s. 
 
 I'm* 
 
 B, b. 1^16. m. Adolph Frederic of Mecklenburg Schwerin 6. 1665. 
 
 SiGiSMUND Augustus, and Ann Maria, died in their Infancy 
 
 Henry Augustus, RUDOLPH AUGUSTUS, b. 1627. m. 1 Cir»)?/»a Syei 
 
 b. 1625. d. 1627. beth,T^Ao^Xjtt of AlbertFredericGovntof Barby. t.R^na m. 
 
 Elizabeth Menthin, called Madame Rudolphine. d. I704. Jie. 
 
 lla Ursula, b. 1629. Clare Augusta, d. 1632. 
 Cbrijlian Duke of Hoi- m. Frederic Duke of Wur- 
 n Gluckjburg. d. 167I. temberg Neufadt.A. I700. 
 
 r I. 
 
 Dorothy Augusta, b. 1^53. m. John Adolph'DoV.o of HolfteinPUn, Christina Sophi 
 
 ., b. 1654. m. Augufiui William, Son of Anthony Ulric, 
 d. 1693. 
 
 ANTHONY ULRIC, 
 
 b. ibii.tn.Elizabeth 
 Juliana, Daughter of 
 Frederic Duke of Hoi- 
 Jitin Norburg. d.l7i4. 
 
 FERDINAND ALBERT, b. 
 1636. m. Chrijlina, Daugh- 
 ter of Frederic Landgrave of 
 Hejfc Efcbwegt d. 16S7. 
 
 WO IFF EH BUTT El. A 
 
 AUGUSTUS, b. 1579.10. 1. C/are A/a» /a, Daughter 
 of Bogijlaut XIII. Duke of Pomerania 1. Dorothy. 
 Daughter of Rudolph Prince of Anlmlt-Zerbji. 3. 
 Sophia Elizabeth, Daughter of Joh>n Albert Duke 
 of Mecklenburg, d. 1 666. 
 
 ugustusFrb- 
 DERIC, b. 1637. 
 
 killed before Phi- 
 lip/burg, 1676. 
 
 Eli: 
 
 ABETH ElE' 
 
 R, b. 1658. 
 m. l.JohnGeorge, 
 Duke of Mecklen- 
 burg. z.Bernbard 
 Duke of SaxeMei- 
 tiungen. d. I729. 
 
 Anne Sophia, 
 b. 1659. m. 
 Charlet Gujia- 
 •vus, Marggra- 
 ve of BadenDur- 
 lack, d. 1742. 
 
 AUGUSTUS WILLIAM, b. 
 
 1661. m. I. Cbrifina Sophia, 
 Daughter of Rudolph Auguflus 
 Duke ofBrunfwick. z. Sophia Ama- 
 lia, Daughter of Chrijlian Albert 
 Dv&xof HolfeinGottorp.} .Eliza- 
 bith Sophia Maria Daughter of 
 Rudolph Frederic Duke of Hotjlein 
 Norburg.A. 1731. without llTue. 
 
 August A Doro- Henrietta, LEWIS RUDOLPH, Leopold Augustus, b, 1661^ 
 THY, b. i666. Christine b. lOyi.m.ChriJiina Augustus Henry, b.1663. 
 m. Anthony Gun- b. 1^69. Loaife, Daughter of Augustus Charles, b. 1664. 
 ther Prince of Albert Erneft Prince Augustus Francis, b. 1663. 
 
 Schwartzburg of Or//;HgfH d. 1 73 5. Amalia Anthonia, b 1668. 
 
 Sonderjhaufen Sybilla Ursula, b. 1672. 
 
 Arnjladt. died in their Infancy. 
 
 OiLizABETH Christina, b. 1691.11 
 of the Romans. 
 
 Charles FI. Emperor Charlott 
 
 Christina Sophia, b. 1694. 1 
 Imperial of RuJ/ia. d. 1715. 
 
 i. Alexius Prince Amthon e 
 
 I Amalia, b. 1696. m. Ferdinand AlbeiJ\ 
 Duke of Brunjnxick. 
 
 3- 
 
 Maria Eli z ABETH, b. 1638. 
 m. I . Adolph William Duke 
 of Saxe-Ei/enach. 2. Albert 
 Duke of 5uArrC(»^«r^.d. 1687. 
 
 Ch 
 
 3- 
 
 N Fran- 
 cis, b. id^39- d. 
 in the fame Year. 
 
 /Sophia Eleanor, Augustus Ferdinand, b. 1677. d. in the Aftion FERDINAND ALBERT, b. 1680, m. Antbonetta Amalia, Daughter Ferdinand Christian, ERNEST FERDINAND, aTwin of the former, b. 1^82. HenTTferdTnTn^ 
 b. l6f74- 17*0* Scbelltnberg. 1704. of Lewis Rudolph Duke of Brunfwick d. 1735, b. 1682. d. 170^. m. Eleassor Charlotte, Daughter of Frederic Caftmir b. 1^84. loft his Life 
 
 ^ Duke of Co«r/<a;;<f d. 1746. before TariB 1706. 
 
 CHARLES, prefent Duke Anthony Uli 
 
 of Branfiuick _ 
 hsatel. b. 1 7 1 3 . m . Phi- 
 lippina CharlotleDzagh- 
 ra of Frederic William 
 King of Prujfa. 
 
 b. 1714- in. Ann 
 Daughter of Char- 
 les Leopold Duke 
 of Mecklenburg. 
 
 Elizabeth Chri- Lewis Ernest, Augustus 
 stina, b. 1715. b. 171S. elefted b. 17I9. 
 m.Frederieprefeat Duke of Cour- d. 1710. 
 KingofFrw^a. /</«</ in 1741 . 
 
 b. 1721. 
 
 Louise Amalia, 
 b. 1722. m. 
 Auguflus William 
 Prince of PruJJia. 
 
 1740. 
 
 E,b. 1741. 
 
 Eli; 
 
 b. 1743- 
 
 A Princ^ /A ugustus Wil 
 b. 1746. b.1715. 
 
 Sophia Antho* Albert, 
 N ETTA, b.i 724. b. I723.d. 
 ra.Ernefl Frederic intheAfU- 
 Prince hereditary on of Sorr 
 of Saxe-Salfeld. 1 745. 
 
 Christine 
 Caroline 
 Louise, b. 
 1726. 
 
 Theresia 
 Natalia 
 b, 1728. 
 
 ^Maria, 
 b. 1729. 
 
 Freder 
 
 WiLLIA 
 
 b. 1732. 
 
 Christina Soph t a, b. 1717. Fr ideri ca 
 Frederic Ernefl Prince of Alberti- 
 na, b.1719. 
 
 Culmbaeh Bareuth. 
 
 George Lewis 
 Freperic, b. 
 1721. d. 1747. 
 
 Frederic George, 
 b. 1723. 
 
 b. 1724. d. 1726. 
 
 Charles Willi AM, Frederic 
 b. 1723. d. in the Augustus, 
 fame Year. b. i“2tf. 
 
 UARLtsWlLLlAU FeRDINAI 
 boidiury Prince of Brunfw. 
 Wslflenbktiel. b. 1 73 5. 
 
 George Franc i s, 
 b. 173^. d 1737. 
 
 ioPHiA Caroline 
 Maria, b. 1737. 
 
 Christian Lewi 
 b. 1738. d. 1742. 
 
 Amalia 
 ' *739- 
 
 Augustus 
 b. 1740. 
 
 Albert 
 Henry, 
 b. 1742, 
 
 b. 1743. d. 1744, 
 
 W I LL I A M 
 
 Adolph, 
 b. 1745. 
 
 Eli z ABET 
 Ulrica 
 
 b. 1746 . 
 
 Fki 
 
 Wi 
 
 "Xu’gust"^ ‘^•^ 7 ^ 9 - 
 
 Maria 
 Ann, b. 
 1728. 
 
 Frederic John Anthony 
 Charles b. 1732. d. 
 
 Ferdinand, the fame Year 
 
 b. 1749. 
 
 , b. 1748. 
 
 Do« 
 b.1749. 
 
 Note. b. fignifict born, m.mntxied, d. died, and theNombers i. 2. 3- a Name, Ihew the IlTac of the firll, fccond, or third Mairiago. 
 
Table VIII. 
 
 7he Houfe of LU NR BURG, of the lafl Divifion ; or the prefent Houfe 
 of BRU NSWICK-LU NEBU RG. 
 
 
 Youngeft Son of ErnefI the Confe^or 
 
 WILLIAM, 
 
 See Table VII. h. m, Torothy, Daughter of Cirr^//w III. King of Drnwari, d. 1592. 
 
 Marggrav 
 Jenktug • 
 d. 1659. 
 
 b. i5«3, 
 ' Fre/hnCf 
 e of Bran- 
 Anffacb , 
 
 n 
 
 ERNEST, 
 b. 1564. 
 d. 1611. 
 
 Elizabeth, b. 
 m. Frederic, Count 
 of Hohenbhe. d. 
 i6zi. 
 
 CHRISTIAN, AUGUSTUS, Dorothy, b. 1570. Clare, b.i57t.ni. Ann Ur- 
 
 b. 1566. 
 d. 1633. 
 
 15 ^ 8 . 
 d. 1636. 
 
 m . Charles, Prince 
 Palatine of the 
 Lineof Birehtn/tld, 
 d. 1649. 
 
 IVilliam. Count 
 of Selmartzburg, 
 d. 1658. 
 
 b. 1S72- 
 d. i6ot. 
 
 Margaret, b. FREDERIC, Maria, 
 1573. b. 1^74. b, 1575. 
 
 Cajtmir, Duke d. 1^48. d. 1610. 
 
 olSaxt'Coburg, 
 
 . d. 1643. 
 
 MAGNUS. GEORGE, b. 1582. m. JOHN, 
 b. 1^77. Daughter b.ljSj. 
 
 d. 1632. of ifouf/ V. Landgrave d.iSzS. 
 
 of Htjfe - Darmjladt, 
 
 Macdalek, CHRISTIAN LEWIS, b. 1621. GEORGE WILLIAM, b. JOHN FREDERIC, b. 1625. m. Sophia Amalia, 
 b. itfiS. la. Deretiy, Daughter of PiiV/^, i6i\.Ta.Eltanord‘Emiers, BenediSa Henrietta Pbilippina, b. 1628. m.Fre- 
 Duke of Holjlein ~ Glucijhurg, of the Houfe of O/iJerw/? in Daughter of Fi/wury, PrinceRj/a- imVllL Kingof 
 
 d. 1665. France, 6. 1705. tineo{xhcL\ntoISimn7ern,d.i67g. Dennsari,d.l68^. 
 
 ERNEST AUGUSTUS, b. 1^29. Biihop of Dorothy Magdalen, Ann Ele 
 
 died in the 
 fame Year. 
 
 
 iPHiA Dorothy, b. 1666. m. Georgi 
 Le^uris, Eleflor of Brwtfwiei-Luneburg, 
 iod King o{ Great-Britain, d. 1726. 
 
 Sophia, 
 b. 1^70. 
 d. 1671. 
 
 Charlotta Fblicitas, Henrietta 
 b. 1671. m. Rtinald, Maria, 
 Dukeof d. 1710. b. 1672. 
 
 d. 1687. 
 
 Ofnabruek iSEi. KltAor of Brun/huici- tune- 
 burg i^Q2. m. Sophia, Daughter of Frederic, 
 Kiagof Bohemia andEJeflor Palatine, d. 1698. 
 
 WiLKELMlNE AmaLI 
 b. 1673. m. J.ftph, 
 Emperorofthe Romans, 
 d. 1741. 
 
 Twin with the former 
 Brother, b. 1629. d. 
 1^30. 
 
 b. 1630. 
 d. ibjtf. 
 
 Sybilla, b. 1584^ 
 m.yuliusErnej}, 
 Duke of Brunf- 
 w/Vif of the laR 
 Divifion, d.tbj 2. 
 
 '^GEORGE LEWIS, b. 1660. EUaor of FREDERIC AUGUSTUS, MAXIMILIAN WILLIAM, 
 
 Luneburg \hg%. ^ngcXGreat-Britain, France, ts,nd b. 1661. d. in an Aftion b. 1666. Field Marihal Ge- 
 
 Ireland 1714- m. Sophia Dorothy, Daughter of againft the Tarks in Tran- neral of the Imperial Army, 
 
 tVilliam,Dwtitof Brunfvjick-Luneburg, d.\7l7. Jylvania, 1690. died at ^'/rnaa 1726. 
 
 Sophia Chaalotte, CHARLES PHILIP, b. CHRISTIAN, ERNEST AUGUSTUS^ 
 b- 1^68. m. Frede- it6g. killed in a Battle b. 1671. drown- b. 1674- Biihop of 
 
 r/V I. King of Pr»^<r, with the Tiirrfj and Tar- ed near 0 /nabruck d. 
 
 d. 1705. tars in Albania 1^90. in 1703. 1728. 
 
 
 GEORGE AUGUSTUS, b. 1^83. Prince of JTa/if/ 1714. crowned King of Great-Britain, France, and Ireland 1727. 
 . fPilbelmine Caroline, DzMg'ta.a of yohn Frederic, lAaig^vt of Brandenburg- Anjpach. 
 
 SOPHIA DOROTHY, b. 1<S7. m. FrtJrric William, King of'' 
 
 Prujpa. 
 
 ^ FREDERIC LEWIS, b. 1706.7. Prince of ANN. b, noi). .m. William Cbarki AMELIA SOPHIA ELIZABETH GEORGE WILLIAM, WILLIAM AUGUSTUS, MARY, b. 1723. m. LOUISE, b. 1714.'' 
 H'ales 1727. m. Augufta, Daughter of Henry Frifi, Prince of Orange, and ELEANORA, CAROLINE, b. 1717. d. 1718. b. 1721. Duke of Cum- Frederic, Prince he- m. V.IGng 
 
 Frederic if. Doke of Saxe-Goiba. Stadtholdcr of the United Provinces. b. 1711. ' b. 1712. btrland. rcditary of 
 
 of Denmark. 
 
 r. 
 
 AUGUSTA, GEORGE WILLIAM EDWARD AUGUSTUS, ELIZABETH CAROLINE, WILLIAM HENRY, HENRY FREDERIC, LOUISE ANN, 
 
 
 b. J737. 
 
 FREDERIC, b. 1738. 
 
 b. 173S-9. 
 
 b. 1740-1. 
 
 »743- 
 
 b. 1743. 
 
 b. 1748-9. 
 
 Note. b. iigniBes born, m, married, and d. died.