OLD EAST INDIA HOUSE 
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THE 
 
 ELEMENTS 
 
 OF 
 
 ARCHITECT VRE, 
 
 CoUefted by 
 He nry Wot ton Knight, 
 from the be/l (v4^utbors 
 
 i I 
 
 LONDON 
 
 Printed by I o h n B i l l, 
 
 M.DC.XXIV. 
 
THE 
 
 PREFAGE. 
 
 Shall not neede ( lil^ 
 the moji part of 
 Writers ) to cele-* 
 brate the SubiecSl 
 'Pohich I deliuer. In that point I 
 amat eafe. F^r Architcclarc, 
 can "Voant no commendationyohere 
 there are Noble Men, or Noble 
 mindesj I mil therefore offend 
 thuVtthct y rat her ahout thofe, 
 f'om tifhom Ihme gathered my 
 f(^(mkdge'^ For I din hut a ga^ 
 ihererand di^eferi>f<)iher merys 
 y?«^, at my bejl Value. 
 
 ^5 Our 
 
 ^%^4CC 
 
The Preface. 
 Ourprincipall Mafter is Vi- 
 truuius andfofjhall often call 
 him ; ti^ho had this felfcitie , tha^ 
 heipprote yphenthe Roman Em- 
 pire v^as neere the pitch ; Or at 
 leaft, rphen Auguftus ( yphofa^ 
 uouredhis endeauours ) had feme 
 meaning (^ if he ifipere not mifla^ 
 Tacit. iib.i. k^nyto bound the Monarchic* 
 ^"'^* This Ifaj rpas his good happe-. 
 Far in gromng and enlarging 
 times , Artes are commonly 
 droyipnedin Acflion : ^ut on the 
 other fide yit i^as in truth anyn^ 
 happmeile , to exprejie himfelfe 
 fo iU^efpecially TptitingQas he didy 
 inafeafonofthe ablefi Pennes; 
 %And hi$ obfcuritie had this 
 Grange fortunes That thought 
 
 wre 
 
Thb Preface. 
 
 ipperebejl praSifed^ and bejl fol-' 
 loyi>edby his ^wne Countrymen; 
 yet after the reumng and repo^ 
 li[hing ofgoodLitQrsLturc^Cphich 
 the combufiions and tumults of 
 r^(? middle Age had vnciuilli- 
 zed^ heypas befl^or atleaU,firJl 
 ' ipnderFlood by Arsingcrs : For of 
 the Italians that too^e him in 
 hand^ Thofe that ypere Grama- 
 riansfeeme to haue jpantedM^^ 
 thcmaticall /{non^ledge^ and the 
 Mathematicians perhaps wan-- 
 tedGrSLmcr:nll both vperejuf- 
 ficiently coniojned, in Leon-Ba- 
 tifta Albert! the Florentine, 
 yi>hom f repute the firH learned 
 ArchitO(^ ^ beyond the Alpes; 
 ^ut hee Jiudied more indeedeto 
 
 ma^ 
 
The Preface. 
 
 make him/el/e an Amhor ^ then 
 to illuftrate hu Mart er. Inhere ^ 
 fore among his Comm enters , f 
 mu[i(^for my priuate conceite ) 
 Jetld the chie/e fraije ynto the 
 French^w ^\\\\'3inAtr\andtothe 
 high Germans,/^ Gualtcrus Ri- 
 uius: i}?/?^, befides his notes , hath 
 lil^mfepuhlifhedthe moji elabo- 
 rate tranflati^n , thatltbink^is 
 extant in any \u\gar jpeech of 
 the i^orld: though not wihout be^ 
 Ifpaylingy nov> and then , fome de- 
 feU of ArtiBcizll tearmes in his 
 owne; as I muH likewfe ; Vor 
 if the Saxon, (^om mother 
 tongue^ did cemplaine*^ as ii^ly 
 (J doubt ^ in this point may the 
 Daughter; Languages/(?r^^e 
 
 mafl 
 
The Prefa c e. 
 mofl part in tearmes of Art and 
 Erudition, retayning their origin 
 nail pouertie^and rather grmiag 
 rich and abundant , in complex 
 mental! phrajes and fuch froth. 
 Touching diuers moderne men 
 that haue ifpritten out ofmeerepra^ 
 Uife^l (hallgiue them their due^ 
 vpon occafon. 
 
 And ncm^after thi^fhort Ccn- 
 fure of others Ji»ouldfaine fatif 
 fie an Obiedlion or trpo^ jphicb 
 feeme to ItefomeKphat heauily yp^ 
 on myfelje ; It mil hefaid that I 
 handle an Art, no yifayfuteable 
 mther to mj employments, or ta 
 my fortune, (^nd fo I /hall 
 ftand charged-, both wth Intru- 
 fion, and i»ith Imptnmcncy. 
 rjiufy^i A To 
 
T H E P R E F A e E. 
 
 To the Firft f anfvs^ere^that 
 though by the etter ac^oK^ledged 
 gooanepe of my moH dcare and 
 gracious S o v e r a i g n e ; 
 and by his long indulgent tolera- 
 tion of my defeUs, Ihaue borne 
 abroad fome part of his ciuill 
 ferutce ; yet f^hen I came home, 
 andypas againerefolttedinto mine 
 oipne fmplicitiejffomd it fitter 
 for my Pen Qat leaH in this firfi 
 ptblique aduenture^ to dealewh 
 thefe p/aine compilcments^i^W 
 traBable M.^tcnsi\s\thenwhthe 
 ^yabery nthcs and Myfterics of 
 Courts and States; And lefife 
 prefiimption for mee^ ^ho haue 
 long contemplated a famous Re- 
 ^y^^c^^^towitenoyp ofAxchu 
 
Th E P R RFiACE. 
 
 tttHnrCythen itTPatanciemlyfm 
 *Hippodamus ^i&^ Milefian , to ^fom!' 
 Ki^ripe ej/^Republjques, ypho rpas cap- <^- 
 him/el/e&utyan Atchnc6t ^ 
 To the Stcon^J mu/l/hrin^ 
 yptnyjbouldtrs^^slhaue learn d 
 abroadiandconfeffe indeed , that 
 my fortune is 'verj Enable ta ex^ 
 cmplifte,^»/a(5iuate iw^'Specu- 
 \2x\0nsinthU Art, yphichjetin 
 trueth^mademee the rather et^en 
 from mjyerj di/ahilitie\, take en^ 
 couragement to hope-, thatmjpre^ 
 fent L,ahour,iQ^oHld find the more 
 Jauom wth other s^fince ity^s vn- 
 derta^enfor no mans fake , lejje 
 then mineowtiQ* (i/4ndwththat 
 cofideneejfelintothefc thoughts-, 
 OJ;fphich^th€re mre tvifo upayes to 
 
The Peef ace. 
 
 hedelmreti^Theone Hiftorical; 
 ky defcriftioHofthe frincipaU 
 worfees, performed already in 
 good part Jrp Giorgio Vaflari in 
 the lines (?/^ Architects ; The 
 0^i&^r Logically h cajling the 
 rules and cautions of this o^rt^n-^ 
 to fame comportahle Methode •• 
 v^htreof I haue made choice; not 
 mely as thefhorteji andn^ofl Ele- 
 mental!; but indeed as the foun^ 
 deft. 'For though in praSicall 
 knowledges, tf«(?r>' complete eX' 
 ample, W4>' heare the credite of a 
 rxi\t\yet peradueture TuksJhoulJ 
 preceady that ippe may by them , be 
 made fit to iudge ^examples: 
 Therefore to the purpofe ;forl 
 wU preface no longer ^ 
 
 OF 
 
OF 
 
 THE Elements 
 
 OF 
 
 l^he Lpart, 
 
 N JrchiteBure2is'mz\lch 
 thcr Operatiue Arts, the 
 end muft dircd: the Ope- 
 ration, 
 
 Thcendis to build well. 
 
 Well building hath three Conditions. 
 
 C^mmoditieyFimenes^znd Delight. 
 
 A common dmifion among thcDe- 
 
 liucrcrs of this ^rr,though I know not; 
 
 A how. 
 
z The Elements 
 
 how, fomewhatmifplaccd by Fitru- 
 uius himfelfe/i£. i . cap, ^, whom I (hal- 
 bc willingcr to follow , as aMaftcrof 
 Proportioriithcn o^Methode, 
 
 Now, For the actay ning of thcfc In- 
 tentimsy wee tnay confidcr the whole 
 ,S«i/V3,vnder two general! Heads. 
 
 The Seate^ and the Wwke» 
 
 Therefore fir ft touching Scituation, 
 The Precepts thereunto belonging, 
 doe either concerne the Totad Po/iure, 
 (as! may tear ni it) or the placing ohhc 
 P4^f5: wl\crof the firft fort,howfoeuer 
 vfiisily fet dowriQ by ArchiPeBs as a 
 piece of their 'pA'o/<?ySo«: yet are in truth 
 borrowedjfrom other Learnings: there 
 being betwcene ^^m.and Sciences y as 
 well as betwcene M^»,a kinde of good 
 fcllbwfliip , and communication of 
 ihckPrineipler. 
 
 R)ryou ftiali findc fbmc of thcm,to 
 htmccKljfhyfically touching the qua- 
 lity 
 
of^rchiteBure. 5 
 
 licic and temper of the ^in : which 
 bcinga perpctuall ambient, and ingre- 
 dient , and the dcfcdls thereof, incor- 
 rigible in fingle Habitations (which! 
 moft intend ) doth in thofe refpeds, 
 require the more exquifitc caution ; 
 That it be not too ff^ojfe, nor too pe«^- 
 tratiue-yKoi fubied to any foggy noy- 
 fbmneflc,from Fenns or M arjhes nccrc 
 adioyning ; nor too Mineral exhala- 
 tions , from the Soile it fclfe. Not vn- 
 digeftcd , for want of Sume, Not vn- 
 exercifed , for want of Winde : which 
 weretoliue(as it were ) in a L^^^, or 
 (landing Poole of^ire, as Alberts the 
 Florentin dnhiteSl^ doth ingcnioufly 
 compare it. 
 
 Some doe rather (ceme a IxulcAjiro-' 
 Ugicaly as when they warne vs from 
 Places of malign /»/?a^«c^: where Earth- 
 ijuakeSy (^ontaffonsy Prodigious 'Births , or 
 thchke, arc frequent without any cui- 
 dent caufc : whereof the Confidcrati- 
 onis pcraducnturc not altogether 
 A i vaine: 
 
4 The Elements 
 
 vaine •. Some are plainely Oeconomical-^ 
 As that theSeatehc well watered jand 
 well fewelled, That it bee not of too 
 fteepie and incommodious /iccef^e to 
 ihe trouble both of friends and familie. 
 That it lie not too farrc , from fomc 
 nauigable ^iuer or /rme of the Sea , for 
 more eafe of prouifionand fuch other 
 Domeftique notes. 
 
 Some againc may bee (aid to bee 
 Optical} Such 1 meancas concerne the 
 Properties of a well choCenPrefpeB: 
 which I will call the J(pyaltie of Sight. 
 For as there is 2l Lord/hip {as it were ) 
 of the Feete, wherein the Matter doth 
 much ioy when he walketh about the 
 Line of his owne Vofjefsions : So there 
 is a Lordfhip likewile of the Eye which 
 being a raunging,and Imperious , and 
 (I might fay ) an wfurping Senciy can 
 indurc no narrow circumfcription^ hut 
 muftbe fedde,both with extent and 
 varictic. Yet on the other fide,I findc 
 ''raftc and indefinite vicwcs which 
 
 drownc 
 
of<^rchiteUure. 5 
 
 drovyne all apprebcnfioa ofthcvt- 
 termoft OhieBs, condemned , by good 
 Authors, as if thereby fomcpart of the 
 picafurc (whereof we ipeakc) didpc* 
 rifli. Laftly , I remember a priuatc 
 Qaution ^vyhxch. I know not well how 
 tofortjVnlefTelfhould call it Political 
 By no meanes, to build too necrc a 
 great tieighhour ; which were in truth 
 to bee as vnfortunately fcated on the 
 earth, as Mercuric is in the Heaucns, for 
 the moll: part, eucr in combujiion, or ob- 
 ycMr/Y<e,vndcr brighter beames then his 
 ownc. 
 
 From thefe feuerall Kno-^kdges as I 
 haucfaid, and perhaps from fome 0'\!'"**^.'^ 
 
 1 1 1 1 • 1 • t • T-», rieurntHS 
 
 met doc Architects denue their uo- hfitt:Me^ 
 drine about cicdion of Sf4^J: wherin'^'^'^-^^-r. 
 I haue not becne fo feuere , as a great ^*^" '* 
 Scholer ofourtime, whoprccifely re- 
 ftray net h a perfcd: Scifuatm,zt lealt for ^' 
 the mainc point of health , Ad locum 
 contra quern Sol radios fuos fun Jit cumfub 
 »4riete oritur^ That is^ in a word hce 
 A 3 would 
 
6 Thtlements 
 
 would haue the firft falutation of the 
 Spring. But (uch Tslptes as tlicfc,whcrc- 
 foeucr we finde them in graueor'^flight 
 Authors , arc to my conceitc rather 
 '^ijbes then Tretepts ; and in that quah- 
 tie, I will paflcthcni oucr. Yetl muft 
 withall fay that in Ai^fenting of our 
 (eluesC which as a kindc oi Marriage 
 to a Vlace ) Builders ftiould bee as cir- 
 cutnfped as Wooers ^ leil when all is 
 ^ ., done that ©aoWi? befall vs , which our 
 
 Opfdtim , , n 111 w- I 
 
 tjmdem^ Malter doth lay vpon Mitylene : A 
 ^Jtfic4tfim ToT^fie in truth ( faith hec) finely built t 
 filtm^M- to foolifhly planted. And fo much 
 denter couching that, which I termed the To- 
 Hf^^^' tallPofture, 
 
 The next in Order is the placing of 
 the Parts y About which (toleaucas 
 • little as I may in my prefenc labour, 
 vnto fia««e, which is wildc and irregu- 
 lar) I will propound a Rule of mine 
 ownc Collc<Stion,vpon which I fell ia 
 this mancr. I had noted, that all Arte 
 . was tjhcn in trucft pcrfcdion, when it 
 
 might 
 
might bee reduced to fome naturall 
 ^rinc'tpk. For what are the moft iudi- 
 cious Aftijans but the Mimiques of N^- 
 twre^. This led me to contemplate the 
 Fabriquc of ourowne Bodies , where- 
 in the Hi^h ArchiteEl of the world,had 
 difplaied fuch skill, as did ilupifie, all 
 humane rcafon. There I found the 
 Hart as the fountaine of Life placed 
 about the Middle, for the more equal! 
 communication of the virall Ipirits. 
 The Eyes (eatcd aloft, that they might 
 defcribc the greater Circle within their 
 view. The Armes proieded on each 
 fide/or eafe of reaching. Briefly (not 
 to loofeour felues in this fwcet /pecu- 
 lation ) it plaincly appcarcth , as a 
 Maxime drawne from the Diuine 
 lightj Tliat theP/4ceof euerypart, is 
 to be determined by the F/^. 
 
 So then, from naturall [buBure^ to 
 proceed to Artificially and in theru- 
 deft things, to prcferuc fome Image of 
 tfaccxccllentcft. Let all the principall 
 
 chambers 
 
5 I pe jziemems 
 
 chambers of Delight , All Studies and 
 L/^r^rffi, be towards the £4/? : For the 
 Morning is a friend to the Mufes. All 
 Offices that require heat , as F^tchins, 
 Stil^atorieSi Stones^ roomes for ^aking^ 
 Srewing, Wajhingy or the like, would be 
 Meridmall. All that need a coole and 
 frefli temper, as Cellers^ TantrieSi^ut- 
 term, Granaries-, to the North, To the 
 fame fide like wife J all that are appoin- 
 ted for gentle Motion,as Galleries ^tC^^* 
 daily in warme Climes, or that other- 
 wife require a fteadie and vnuariablc 
 light, as Pinacothecia ((aith P^itruum)hy 
 which he intendeth, (if I mayguefic 
 at his Grceke, as wee muft doe often 
 eucnathis Latinc) certaine %epofitO' 
 rtes for workes of rarity in Picture or 
 other Arcs , by the Italians called Stu- 
 dioli, which at any other Quarter, 
 where the courfc of the Sunne doth 
 diuerfifie the Shado-^oes ^ would 
 loofe much of their grace. And by this 
 Rule hauing alwaycs regardc to the 
 
of(t/lrcbiteauY€. 9 
 
 VftyZxvj other Part may bee fitly ac- 
 commodated. 
 
 I mull here not omit to note that 
 the Ancient Grecians^ and the Romanes 
 by their cxamplein their buildings a- 
 broad, where the Sea^t was free, did al- 
 moftReligioufly fcituate the Front o( 
 their houfes, towards the South ; per- 
 haps that the Mafters Eye^ when hee 
 came home> might not be dazclcd y or 
 that being illultratcd, by the Sunne^k 
 might yeeld the more gracefull AfpeHi 
 or fome fuch reafon. But from this, 
 the Moderne Itahans doe variej wher- 
 of I (hall fpeake more in another place* 
 Let thus muchfufEceat theprefentfor 
 the Tofition of the fcuerall Members^ 
 wherein mu ft bee had as our Author 
 doth often infinuare , and cfpccially 
 Ub.exap, 10. a fingular regard, to the 
 nature of the Region: Eucry Nation, 
 being tyed aboucal Rules whacfoeucr, 
 to a difcrction , of prouidihg^gaintt 
 ^eixovvtie IncQnuenienui : AnJthere- 
 B fore 
 
lo I be ticments 
 
 fore a good Parkr in /Egypt wouW 
 perchance make a good QeUer in Eng- 
 land. 
 
 There now followeth thefccond 
 Branch of the general! Se^lon touch- 
 ing the Worke. 
 
 In theWorkcyl will ffrftconfider the 
 prineipall parts, and afterwards the 
 Acceflbrie, or Ornaments-, And in the 
 Prineipall, firfl: the Preparation of the 
 MaUrialif and then the Difpoiition, 
 whickis the Forme, 
 
 Now, concerning the Materiallpzn^ 
 Although furely, it cannot difgrace an 
 ^chiteB, which doth fb well become 
 aPhilbfopher, to looke into the pro- 
 perties.of S^o«i? and-^c^^^ : as that Firrc 
 Trees, Cypreflcs> Cedars, and fuch o- 
 ther AereaU aCfirivi^ Plants ^bdng by a 
 kindeof natural! rigour (which in a 
 Man I would call pride ) inflexible 
 downctvards are thereby fitteft for 
 ]^{h QXPiHarsotruch vprightvfc; tl^at 
 
 OB 
 
of ^ArchiteBur€. i r 
 
 on the other fidc,Oakc, and the like 
 true harcie Timber being Itrong in all 
 pofitions , may bee better trutled in 
 croflc and trauerfc workc , for Sum- 
 w^ri, or guirding and binding beames, 
 as they tearme them. And folikcwiic 
 to obleruc o( Stone , that fome , are bet- 
 ter within,and other to beare Weather i 
 Nay,to defcend lower euen to examine 
 Sand and Lymey^nd Qay ( of all which 
 things Vitmuius hath difcourfcd, with- 
 out any daintines, & the moll of new 
 Writers) I fay though the Specnlatm 
 part offiich knowledge be lileratii yet 
 to redccme this Prorcilion , and fny 
 
 Erefcnt paynes,from indigniric^ I mtift 
 eere remember that to choofc and 
 fort the matemls , for euery part of the 
 Fabrique^ks a Dutie more proper to a 
 fccond Superintendent , ouer all the Vn- 
 der Anifans called ( as T take it) byour 
 Author, Offieinakr //i ^l^ip.i i; and m 
 that Place exprcflcly ^iiuingniftiedi 
 from the ArchiteEl , whofi gloiy dooH 
 ® 2 more 
 
tnore confiil, iw the Dcfigncment and 
 Ideaohht, whole WorkCy and his trueft 
 ambition Ihould be to make the Forme, 
 which is the nobler Part (as it were) 
 triumph oueritheM^ff^r : whereof I 
 cannot but mention by the way,a for* 
 rcigne Patcrne,nan:ely the Church of 
 Santa Giujl'tm m. Padom ; In truth a 
 found piece of good Art, where the 
 Materials being but ordinarie ftone, 
 withoutany garniftiment offculpture, 
 doc yet rauiih the Beholder , { and hcc 
 knowes not how) by a (ecret Harmony 
 in the Proporiions. And this indccdc is 
 that end, at which in fome degree ,wc 
 fliould aymc euen in the priuatcft 
 workcs : wbcreunto though I make 
 haftc,yctlet me &ft colled:, a few of 
 ihcleaft triuiaJ) cautions, belonging to 
 the Materiall Prouijlon, .,... 
 , Le§n Satifta Mertt y is fo iCuriou$, 
 Mti> wifli all the T/mAifycut out of i\k 
 iimc J^&rreft^uid^ al^thc S<>^ne,QUt oftlac 
 idSXitQiUiitrk^ _.■[-■ ,!'• rAr^"-. crhrrr-^ 
 >? -c i : Philibert 
 
ofArchiteUure. 13 
 
 Philibert detOrme the French Architcd 
 goes yet fomc what furchcr,ancl would 
 haue the Ljwf made of the very fame 
 Stone^ which wee intend to imploy in 
 the Worke 5 as belike imagining that 
 they will fympathize and loync the 
 better, by a kinde oi Or'tginaRkindvcd. 
 But (uch conceits as thcfc ftcmc fbme- 
 what too fine among this Rubta^e,, 
 though 1 doc not produce them in 
 fport. For furcly the like agrccm^nrs 
 of nature, may haue oftentimes a dif- 
 creet application to Art. A 1 way es it 
 muft be confcfTcd, that to m^kcL]fme 
 without any great choycc of refufc 
 ftuffc, as we commonly do, is an £>jg- 
 li/h error y of no fmall moment in our 
 Buildings. Whereas the Italians at this 
 day, and much more the Ancients did 
 burncthcir firmeft/Zw^^and eucn frag- 
 jncncs oiMdrhk where it was copious, 
 which in time bccam e almoft Marhle 
 againcor atkaft ofindiflblublc duri- 
 tic,as appcaicth in the Handing Jbea^ 
 
14- The Elements 
 
 ters, I mud here not omit, while I am 
 fpcaking of this part,a certain forme of 
 Bricke delcribed by Daniek 'Barbara To- 
 triarcb oi^qiiikia , in the largeft Editi- 
 on of his Commentary vpon Vitruuius. 
 The Figure triangular , euery fide a 
 foot long , and (ome inch and a halfc 
 thickcjwhich he doth commend vnto 
 vs for many good conditions : As that 
 they are more commodious in the ma- 
 nagement,of lelTe expencc , of fayrer 
 (how, adding much beautic &fi:rength 
 to the Murall Angles , where they fall 
 gracefully into an indented Worke : fb 
 as 1 (hould wonder that wee hauc not 
 taken them into v(c, being propoun- 
 ded by a man of good authoritie in 
 this knowledge ^ but that all Nations 
 doe ftart at Nouekies , and are indecde 
 maricd zothciYowne Motdds. Into this 
 place might aptly fall a doubt , which 
 fbme hauc wcl moued;whctherthc an- 
 cient ic^/ww did burnc their SrrcA^ dr 
 noiwhich a paflagc or two m Vitruum 
 
 hath 
 
hath left ambiguous . Surely where 
 thc2^4f«r^//heat is rtrong enough, ro 
 fupply the Artificial}^ it were but a cu- 
 rious folly to multiply both Labour 
 and Expence, A nd it is befides very pro- 
 bable, that ihoCc Materials with a kind- 
 ly and temperate heate would prooue 
 fayrer, fmoothcr, and lefTe diltortcd, 
 then with a violent : Oncly, they fut- 
 fcr two exceptions. Firft,that they arc 
 likely by fuch a gentle drying to be the 
 more ponderous ; An important cir- 
 Gumftancc to the niaine of the Worht 
 in thecompilement. The next, is of 
 no Icfle momentj That they will want 
 accrtainc fucking and foaking Thir- 
 JiineJJe, or a fiery appetite to drink in 
 the Lime,which mull: knit the Fabrique. 
 But this qucftion is to bee confined 
 to the South, where there is more 
 Sunnc and patience. I will there- 
 fore not hinder my courfc, with 
 this incident fcruple, but clofc that 
 part which I haue now in hand, ab€>ut 
 
 the 
 
the Materials, with this principall cau- 
 tion : That fufficicnt ^tuffe and Mony 
 be rcadic before wee bcginnc : Por 
 when we build now a Piece, and then 
 another, by Fits ^ the Worke dries and 
 finkcsvnequally, whereby the WaUes^ 
 grow full of Qhinques , and (/euices\ 
 wherefore fuch a pawfing humour, is 
 well reprooued by Palladio lib. i . cap. i . 
 and by all other. And fo hauing glea- 
 ned thefefew rcmembrances,touching 
 the preparation ofthc M^mr,Imay 
 nowproceedetothe Difpofimn there- 
 of, which muft forme the Worke, In 
 the Forme y as I did in the Seate , I will 
 firll confider the gcneraJl Fignration^ 
 and then the feuerall Members, 
 
 Figures are cither fimple or Mixed, 
 The (imple be either , Circular or Angu* 
 lar. And of Circular, cither (^om- 
 pleat, or Dtficient , as OmU : with 
 which kindes I will bee contented, 
 though the Dirtribution might bcc 
 more curious. 
 
 Now 
 
of ^ArchlteBure. 1 7 
 
 Now the exad Qinle is in truth a 
 Figure, which for our purpofe hath 
 many fit and eminent properties ^ as 
 fitnefle, for Commodity and Reccic, 
 being the moil capable j fitnefle for 
 ftrength and duration, being themoft 
 Vnitcd in his parts ; FitnelTc for beau- 
 tie and dehghr, as imitating the cclc- 
 ftiall OrheSy and the Vniuerfall Forwif, 
 And it feemes,be{ides,to hauerhe ap- 
 probation o(T{ature, when ftiee wor- 
 kcch by InUihSly which is her ftcrcc 
 Schoole : For birds doc build their 
 ncfts Spherically : But notwithrtanding 
 thefe Attributes, it is in truth a very 
 vnprofitablc Figure in priuate Fa* 
 hriqueSj as being of allother the moft 
 chargeable, and mnchroome loft in 
 the bending of the Walles, when it 
 comes to bee diuided : befides an ill 
 diftributioH of light, except from the 
 ^(p»r^r of the ^ofe. So as ancicndy it 
 was not.vfiialj/aucin thcitTemples smd 
 Amphi-Theaters , which needed no 
 C* Cona- 
 
i8 The Elements 
 
 Compartitions. The Ouals and other 
 imperfcd circular Formes, hauc the 
 iame exceptions, and icflfe benefice of 
 capacity: Soasthcrcremaynes to bee 
 confidercd in this generall furuey of 
 Figures y the Angular^ and the Mixed of 
 both. Touching the Angular ^ it may 
 perchance found foraewhat ftrange- 
 \y, but it is a true obferuacion, that 
 this */^;t doth neither lonzmzi^y Angks 
 nor few. Forfirfl:, the rn'dw^fe which 
 hath the feweft fides and corners^ is of 
 all other the moft condemned, as be- 
 ing indeed both incapable and infirme 
 (whcrof the rcalon (hall be afterwards 
 rcixlred ) and likewife vnrefoluablc 
 into any other regular Forme then it 
 felfe, in the inward Partitions, 
 
 As for Figures offiue,{ix,feuch, or 
 more Angles^ They are furely fitter 
 for Mtlitar ArchiteBtdre, where the Bul- 
 Works may be layed out at the Corners, 
 and the fides fcruefor Curtaines^th^it 
 for ciuiUyfe j though I am not igno» 
 
 rant 
 
of(tArchiteBure. ip 
 rant of that famous Piece at Caprarola, 
 belonging to the houfe of Farneje^ 
 call: by Baroccio into the forme of a 
 Pentagone, with a Circle infcribed, 
 where the ArchkeB did ingenioufly 
 wreftle with diuers inconucnienccsin 
 difpofingof theX/^foi', and in fauing 
 the vacuities. Bu t as defignes of fuch 
 nature doe more aymeat Rarity, then 
 Commoditie : fo for my part I had 
 rather admire them, then commend 
 them." 
 
 The(e things confidcred, we arc 
 both by the Precepts and by the Pra- 
 difc of the beft Buildcrs,to refolue vp- 
 on Refiangular Squares y as a mcanc be- 
 tweene too few,and too many Angles; 
 and through the equall inclination of 
 the fides (which make the right An- 
 gle) ftrongcr then the RhombCi or Lo- 
 fen^y or any other irregular Square. 
 But whether the exadfiw^r^, or thd 
 lo^gSqmre be the better, I finde not 
 well determined, though in mint 
 C i ownc 
 
10 The Elements 
 owne conceit I muft prcferrc the lat- 
 ter, prouidcd that the Length doe not 
 cxceede the Latitude aboueonc third 
 part, which would diminifli the beau- 
 ty of the AjpeB, as (hall appeare when 
 1 come to ipcake o( Symmetry and Pr9- 
 portion. 
 
 Of mixed Figures, partly Circular, 
 and partly Angular, I (hallneedeto fay 
 nothings bccaufe hauing handled the 
 Cmple already, the mixed according 
 to their compofition, doe participate 
 of the fame rcfpeds. Onely againft 
 thefe, there is a proper ObieElion, that 
 they offend n.)mformity : Whereof I 
 am therefore opportunely induced to 
 fay fomcwhat,as farre as fhal conccrnc. 
 the outward Af^eEl, which is now in 
 Difcourfe, 
 
 In ArchiteBurey there may fccm to be 
 
 two oppofite affe6iations , Vniforimtiie 
 
 and Fiir/Vf/V, which yet will very well 
 
 fufFer a good recocrlemcnt, as we may 
 
 fccin the great Patcrnc of Nature^ to 
 
 which 
 
of<i4rchiteUuYe. 21 
 
 which I mull often rcfort: Forjure- 
 ly there can be no StruBure , more vni- 
 forme,thcn our Bodies in the whole i^f- 
 guration : Each fide,agreeing with the 
 ocher,both in the number, m the qua- 
 litie,andin the mcafure of the Parts : 
 And yet fome arc round, as the Armcs^ 
 fbmcflat, 2s i\i^ Hands y fome promi- 
 nent,and fome more retired : So as vp- 
 on the Mater , wee fee that Diuerfitie 
 doth not deftroy Vniformitit , and that 
 theLimmesofa noblei^^/'r/^w^j may 
 bee corrcfpondcnt enough, though 
 they be various ;Prouided alwayes,that 
 we doe not runne into certainc extra- 
 uagant Inuentions, whereof I fliaJI 
 fpeakemorc largely , when I come to 
 the parting and calling of the whole 
 WoAt* We ought likcwife to auoydc 
 Enormous heights of fixe or feucn 
 Stories , as well as irreguliar Formes; and 
 the contrary fault of low-diftended 
 Fronts , is as vnfeemely : Or againc, 
 whcnthe JF'4f^of the Building , isnar*- 
 
 C 3 row 
 
zi ^Ibetlements 
 
 tqw and the F lank dccpe; To all which 
 cxtrcames, fbme particular Nacions,or 
 Townes , are f ubicd, whofe Names 
 may beciuilly /pared : And fo much 
 for the generall Figuration ^or ^^eSl of 
 the Worke, 
 
 Now concerning the Parts in Scuc- 
 raltie. All the parts of eucry Fabrique, 
 may be comprifed vndcr Hue Heads, 
 which Diuifion I recciuc from Batifta 
 jilhertiy to doe him right. And they 
 be thcfc. 
 
 ThcFQundation^ 
 l\ic Wanes, 
 
 The Appertlons or Ouertures, 
 IheQompartitm, 
 AndtheCouer. 
 About all which I purpoft to gather 
 the principall Cautions , and as I paflc 
 along, Iwitl touch alfo the naturall 
 Rcafoiis of ^r/ , that my difcourfcmay 
 b«i the Icfle Mechanical, 
 
 Firft then concerning the FoundiOion, 
 vfrich rcquireth the exadcft care j For 
 
 if 
 
ofArchiteBure. 23 
 
 jf that happen to dance, it will marre 
 all the mirth in the Houfc : Therefore, 
 that wee may found our Habitation 
 firmely, we muft firft examine the Bed 
 of Earth ( as I may tcarme it, ) vpon 
 which we will Build ^ and then the vn- 
 derfillings , or SnhBruBm , as the Aun- 
 cients did call it : For the former y wc 
 haue a generall precept in Vitruum 
 twice precifely repeated by him , as a 
 point indeed of mayne con/equencc, 
 fixHUb. i,cap.^. Andagaine more fitly 
 lib.^.cap.^AnthQfe words as Philander 
 doth wcllcorrcd the vulgar Copies. 
 
 Sulflruftionis Fundatknes fodiantur 
 ((aith he)Jiqueant inueniri adjolidimy<^ 
 infolido. By which words I conceiuc 
 him to commend vnco vs,notonely, a 
 diligentjbut euen aicalous examinati- 
 on what the Soile will bcare : aduifing 
 V5,not to reft vpon any appearing ^Sf?- 
 to/^jVnkfTethe whole M(7«W through 
 which wee cut, haue likewife bccne * 
 foM • But how dccpe wee fliould goe 
 
 in 
 
1^ Th^ Elements 
 
 in this fearch , hee hath no where to 
 
 my remembrance decennined , as per*- 
 
 haps depending morevpon Dlfcretion, 
 
 then Regularities according to the 
 
 weight of the Worh^ yet ^ndrea^alla- 
 
 dio hath fairely aduentured to reduce 
 
 it into Rule: Allowing for that Ca- 
 
 uaT^ione ( as he calleth it ) a fixt part of 
 
 il'Jrnlu chefc^{g/;rof the whole FahriquejVnles 
 
 lomng of the Cellers be vndcr ground,in which 
 
 thcEmh. ^^f^ ^^^ ^J^iQ^Ai haue vs , ( as it ftiould 
 
 fecme ) to found fomewhat lower. 
 
 Some Italians doe prefcribe , that 
 when they haue chofen the Floor e^ or 
 Plot , and laid out the Limits of the 
 Worke , wee ftiould firfl: of all Diggc 
 Wds and Cefternes , and other vnder- 
 condudls and conueiances , for the 
 Suillage of the Houfe, whence may ari(c 
 a double benefit , for both the Nature 
 of t\it Mould otSoiUy would thereby 
 befafely fearched,and moreoucr thofc 
 open vents, will feruc to difchargc fuch 
 Vapot^t , as hauing othcrwifc no iffuc 
 
 might 
 
of dArchiteUure. 25 
 
 might pcraduenturc (hake the Buil- 
 ding. This is enough for the natural! 
 Gr(?««(//«gjwhich though it bee not a 
 partofthcfolid Fabrique^ yet here was 
 the fitted place to handle it. 
 
 There f olio weth the SubfiruSlionfit 
 Ground- worke of the whole Edifice, 
 which muft fuftaine the WaHes y and 
 this is akinde of Artificiall foundation, 
 as the other was Natural. About which 
 thefe are the chiefe Remembrances. 
 Firft, that the bottome be precifely Ic- 
 ucll, where the /r^toj therefore com- 
 monly lay a platformeof good Bord ; 
 Then that the lo welt Lerl^e or ^o-^ be 
 mecrcly of Stone y and the broader the 
 better, clofely layd without Morter^ 
 which is a gencrall caution for all 
 parts in Building, that arc contiguous 
 to Bord or Timber y becaufe Lime amd 
 Woodare infociable, and iFany where 
 Vnfitconfincik, then moft efpccially in 
 the Foundation. Thirdly, that the 
 bredth of the SubJlruSiion bee at leaft 
 D double 
 
2^ The Elements 
 
 double to the infiUenp Watty and more 
 or lefle, as the weight of the Fahriqut 
 fhall require ; for as 1 muft agaiiic re- 
 peate, Difii^etion may be freer then Art, 
 Laftly, I finde in (ome a curious pre- 
 cept, that the MaHrials below, be layd 
 as they grew in the Quarricy fuppofing 
 them belike tohau:e mod: Itrcngth in 
 their Naturall and Hahituall Pollure. 
 For as "Thllippe dt tOrme obferuethjthc 
 breaking or yeelding of a Itoncin this 
 partj but the bredth of the backe of a 
 knife, will make a Qe{t of more then 
 half a foot in the Fahrtquezlofty So im- 
 portant are Fmdament-all e/rou, Amou^ 
 which notes I haue fayd nothing of 
 foMificationy or ^ylh^ of the Qround- 
 ^to, commanded by 'UUrmif^s^vvhcn 
 we build vponamoiftormarlhy (bile, 
 bccaufc that were an error in the firft 
 choyce. And therefore all Seats that 
 aftuft vfcfuch promfion below (as Fe- 
 aic^ for an eminent example) would 
 porhi^s ynoagoodenquiry, be found 
 "'':!•- ^0- , ta 
 
of (i4rchiteBure. zy 
 
 to hauc bccne at firft chofcn by the 
 counfcll of Necefsity. 
 
 Now the Foundation being fcar- 
 chcd, and the SubftruEiion layd, wee 
 muft nextfpcakeof the Wds, 
 
 ITb/jarecichcrcntireand continual!, 
 or intermittedj and the Intermifsions be 
 either Pillars or Pylaften, for here 1 had 
 rather handle them, then as fome o- 
 thers doe, among Or«^?w^«f J. 
 
 The entire Muring is by Writers di- 
 uerily dillinguiflicd : By fome, accor- 
 ding to the quality of the Materials, as 
 either Stone or Hrick,&c.whcre,by the 
 way,let me note , that to build Vals and 
 greater Workes o? Flinty whereof wee 
 want not example in our ''W, &, par- 
 ticularly in th" Prouince or I^ent^, was 
 (as I concciue)meerly vl^kilown tothe 
 Ancienu, who obleruing in that Mate- 
 rial!, a kinde oc Metalicall^^^tvXG, or at 
 leart a FufibflityjGCvnc to hauere(oludd 
 it into nobler vfc; an Art now vtrcl^ly 
 loftjor perchance kept vp by a few 6'^- 
 D z micks. 
 
i8 The Elements 
 
 micks. Some againe doe not Co much 
 confider the quality, as the Pofition of 
 the iayd Materials : As when Brickc or 
 fquared Hones are laid in their lengths 
 with fides and heads together^ or their 
 points conjoyned like a NetH^orke (tor 
 fo Fitruums doth call it retkulatum opn6) 
 of familiar vfe(as icfhould fecme) in 
 his Age, though afterwards growne 
 out of requeft, euen perhaps for that 
 fubtill fpeculatioo which hee himfelfe 
 toucheth J becaufe fo Iayd, they are 
 more apt in fwagging down,to pierce 
 with their points, then in the jacent 
 Pofture, and fo to creuicethe Wall; 
 Buttoleaue (uch cares to the meaner 
 Artificers, the more effentiall arc 
 theft. 
 
 That the WaUes bee moft exadly 
 perpendicular to the Ground'''a?orke : 
 for the 'right ^ngk (thereon depen- 
 ding ) is the true caufe of all StahiUty-^ 
 both in Artificiall aiid Natural! pofi- 
 dons J A man Ukewife Handing fir- 
 
 mcft. 
 
of^jrchiteBure, zp 
 
 mefl:, v^'licn he Itands vprighteft. That 
 the mailieli: and Lcauicil Materials bee 
 the lowell, as fitter to beare, then to 
 be borne. That theWorkezs it rifcth, 
 diminiflh in thkknejfe proporcionally, 
 foreafe both of weight, and of ex- 
 pence. That certaine courfes or Led- 
 ges of more itrengchthen the rell, be 
 interlayed hke Bmesy to fuifaine the 
 Fabrique from totall mine, if the vnder 
 parts fliould decay.. LalUy, that the 
 Jngles bccfirmely bound, which are 
 the Nerues of the whole edifice, and 
 therefore are commonly fortified by 
 the /^<^//^;i5, euen in their Brickebuil- 
 dings,Qn each fide of the corners, with 
 well fquared ftone, yeclding both 
 ilrength and grace And fo much tou- 
 ching the entire or fohd l^Vall. 
 
 The intermiilions (ashathbeenc 
 fayd) are either by^^illarSyOr PyUHers. 
 
 fillers which we may hke wife call 
 Columnes (for the word among Artifi- 
 cers is almoft naturaihzcd) I could 
 D 3 diftin- 
 
^o The Elements 
 
 diftinguifVi into Simple & CcmpaundeiL 
 But (to tread the beaten and plaincft 
 way) there are fiuc Orders of Fillers, 
 according to their dignity and pcrfe- 
 ddon^ thus marfhalled : 
 The Tufcan. 
 The Doriqne. 
 The hmque. 
 The Cormtbian. 
 
 And the Compound Order, or as 
 fome call it the ^omatiy others more 
 generally the Jw/mw. '■ :^ . 
 
 : In which fite Orders I will firft 
 confider their (^ommunUieSi and then 
 thdr Proprieties. 
 
 Thar Commimities (asfarreas I ob- 
 ferue^ are principally three. Firft,they 
 are all ^omdy for though fome con- 
 cciucColumtja Micurges mcrtioncd by 
 Vitruums^ lib.ycap.^. to haue beenc a 
 fquar^ Pillar, yet wee muftpaffe ico- 
 ucr as irrcgular,ncuer recciued among 
 thcCcOrders, no more then certainc o- 
 thcr licentious inuentions, of Wrea^ 
 
 thj, 
 
of ddYchttediire. j f 
 
 thed^ and Vtned^ and Figured Cohmnesy 
 which our Author himfelfc condcm- 
 ncth, being in his whole Booke a pro- 
 feflcd enemy to Fancies. 
 
 Secondly, they are all Dimim/hed^-' 
 or QontraEled infcnfibly , more or lefTcj 
 according to the proportion of their 
 heights, from one third part of the 
 whole Shaft vp wards, which Thilamkr 
 doth prefcnbc by hi5 ownc precifc 
 meafuring of the Ancieut remainders, 
 as the moft gracefull Ditmnution. And 
 here I muft take leaue to blame a pra- 
 OdcQ growne ( I know not how) in 
 ccrtainc places too femilinr, of making 
 PilliG^s fwell in the middle, as if they 
 were ficke of fbmc Tympany, or Drop- 
 Jie, without any AuchentiquePaternc 
 or Rule, to my knowledge, and vn- 
 feemely to the very iiidgement of 
 fight. True it is that in 'Tyitrkuius^Iih. 
 ^,cap,u wee findc tliefc words, Dead' 
 ieBione, qtu adjckur in msdjs ColummSy 
 qtut apud Grecos srw^ appelktrir, in ex- 
 
 tremo 
 
yL The Elements 
 tnmo libro erkformatio «/^,- which paf^ 
 (age,{eemcth tohauegiuen fomc cou- 
 tcnancc to this error. But of the pro- 
 mife there made, as of diuerfe other 
 elfewhere, our M after hath fay led vs, 
 cither by flip of uiemory, or iniury of 
 time, and fo wee are left in thedarkc. 
 Alwayesfure I am,that befides the au- 
 thority of example which it wanteth, 
 It is hkewife contrary to the Originall 
 and Natural! TJp^, in Trees^ which at 
 firft was imitated in Millars, as Vitrmi- 
 tis himfelfe obferueth, //i. 5. ca^^i. For 
 who cuer faw any Cypre^ffe^ or Pine 
 (which are there aljcdged ) fmall be- 
 low and aboue, and tumerous in the 
 middle, vnlefle it were (bmc difeafed 
 Plant,as Naturc(though otherwifethc 
 covci\k9iMflreJJe) hath no wand then 
 her deformities andirr^^«i/r/f;^^. 
 
 Thirdly, thcy haue all thcix FhJer^ 
 {ttttngs, or PediflaU, in height a third 
 part of the whole Colftmne, compre- 
 hending the B^/e and C^/'/M^ and their 
 
 vppcr 
 
of a^rchheSure. m 
 Vppcr Adiunds, as Architraue, Frde 
 and Corme, a fourth part of the fayd' 
 P'llar ; which ruJc of fingular vfc and 
 taciky I find feclcd by l^ok 'Barocch 
 and hoJd him a more credible Author 
 as a man that moft intended this 
 piece, then any that vary from him in 
 thole uimtntms. 
 
 Thefeare their moft confiderabJc 
 Communities and agreements. 
 
 Their Pro^riecks or DininEims wJI 
 bcft appcare by fome reafonablc dc- 
 Icnption of them all, together with 
 their ^rchnraues. Frizes, and Com. 
 f«, as they are vfually handled. 
 
 Firft therefore the Tufcan is a plain, 
 maffic, rurall Pillar. refemblJng fomc 
 Itui-dy wel -limmed Labourer,homely 
 clad, m which kinde of comparifons 
 Vitruums himfclfc feemeth to takeplca- 
 fore /,A 4.«;,. ,. The length thereof 
 
 r n n ™''«'''«. oi the eroffcf t of 
 the Pillar below. Of all proportions, 
 m truth, the moft naturall ;* For our 
 ^ Author 
 
,4. The Elements 
 
 Amhot tells vs,W3.c<.p.x. that the 
 footeofamanisthefmpartofhis 
 bod.e m ordinary mcafure and M.« 
 himfelfe, according to the fay. ng ot 
 S»rc...^oM.(whick ^«y?«tWothfotne^ 
 whert vouchfafe to celebrate) is ™ * 
 ,^«.^™,.:v.- as it were the Vreto. 
 me of all exad Symmetrte,yvhich we 
 haue had other occafion to touch be- 
 fore: This Colutme I haue by good 
 'warrant-called Rural}, Vitru.ca^-^m. 
 And therefore we need not coniider 
 hisrankamong the reft. The diftance 
 
 or Jntercolumniatm (which word Ar- 
 tificers doe vfually borrow) may bee 
 aecre foure of his owne Diameters, 
 becaufc the Materials commonly layd 
 ouer this Pillar, were rather of wood 
 thenftonc; through the l^htneffe 
 •whereof the Jrchitram could not iut- 
 fer, though thinnely %po"«J' "^"^ 
 the Columne it felfe being fo fubftan- 
 tiall The ContraEtion aloft Ihall be 
 (accordingtothcmoft receiucd prac- 
 
of<tArchiteUure. 55 
 
 tice) one fourth partof his thickncfle 
 below. To conclude, (for I intend on* 
 lyas much as ftiallfcruefor a due Di- 
 ftinguiftiment, and not to delineate 
 every petty member) the Tufianis of 
 all the rudeft Pillar, and his principall 
 Charader Simplicity. 
 
 The Dorique Order is the graucft 
 that hath becnc receiucd into ciuill 
 vfe,preferuing,in comparifbn of thoft 
 that follow, a more MafcuUne jiSpeSi, 
 ajid litle trimmer then the Ttfcan. th^t 
 went before, fauca (obergarniftiment 
 now and then of Lions heads in the 
 Cornice , and of Triply phs and Metopes 
 alwayesinthcF/'/;^e. Sometimes like- 
 wife, but rarely, chanclcd, andalitdc 
 flight fculpture about the Hypotrache- 
 lion, or Necke vnder the Capital!, The 
 length, (euen Diameters, His ranke or 
 degree, is the lowed by all Con^ruity, 
 as being more maffic thcpthe other 
 three, and confequencly abler to (up- 
 port. The htUrcolumniation, thrice as 
 E 2, much' 
 
3^ The Elements 
 
 much as his rhickiiefle below. The 
 ContraEiion aloft, one fift of the fame 
 meafure. To difcerne him , will bcc a 
 peecc rather of good Heraldry^ then of 
 ArchiteFlure : For he is bcftknowncby 
 his place, when he is in company, and 
 by the peculiar ornament ofhisjPW;^^ 
 (before mentioned) when he is alone. 
 The lonique Order doth reprefent a 
 kinde of Feminine flenderncflc, yet 
 faith 'IJitrmiuSj not hke a light Houfc^ 
 wife, but in a decent drcffing, hath 
 much of I he Matrone, The length 
 dcrht Diameters. In deoree as in (ub- 
 ftantialncUe, nextaboue the DoriqUt^ 
 {ijftayning the third, and adorning the 
 (econd Story. The htercolumniation 
 two of his ov^ne Diameters, 1 he (^on- 
 traBion one fixt part. Bell knownc by 
 his trimmings, for the bodie of this 
 Qotumne is perpetually chanelcd* like 
 a thicke plighted Gownc. The C^f^^ 
 UU drcflcd on each fide, not much vn- 
 likc womcns Wires, in a fpirall wrea- 
 thing 
 
of aArmtemre. ?7 
 thinfT.'^hich they call the Ionian Voluta. 
 The^^^orwce indented. The Fri^e IweU 
 l,n<r like a pillow ; And therefore by 
 rtmum , not vnelegantly tcarmed 
 ^ulmmta. Thefc are his bell ij»- 
 
 raBer$. i ■ • 
 
 The Corinthian , is a Columne , laciui. 
 oudy decked like a Curtezane, and 
 therein much participating (as all In- 
 uentions doe )ofthe place where they 
 
 were firft borne-. Corinthe hauingbccu 
 without controuerfie one of the wan. 
 toncft Townes in the world. This 
 Drier is of nine Dimeters. Hisdegree, 
 one Stasic aboue the lomqne, and al- 
 waies thehigheft of the Cm?\c Orders. 
 The Intercolumnlation two ot his Vt^- 
 meters, and a fourth part more, which 
 is of all other the comelieft diftance. 
 The ContraBion one feuenth Part. In 
 the r:«mV. both D.»f.ffi and Uodtgl^ ^^j^,, 
 mi ' The Fri;<?,adorncd with all Kinds ^^„, ^^^ 
 of Fif«r« and various Compartments ,hjT.,b 
 atPleafure. The Caj^Hail , cut into the ^^^^^ 
 E 3 beau- 
 
^8 1 be Jbiements 
 
 beautifuUcft Icafc , that Nature doth 
 yecld, which furcly next the Aconltum 
 Pardalianches ( reicdicd perchance as 
 an ominous Vlant ] is the Acanthus 
 or Branca Frfina though Fitruuius 
 doe impute the choice thereof vn- 
 to Chance, and wee muft be con- 
 tented to belccue him : In Ihort, As 
 Vlainenefje did Charadarize thcTufcan , 
 fb mull Delkacte and VarietieihQ Co* 
 rinthian Pillar^ befides the height of 
 his Rankc. 
 
 The laft is the Compounded Order : 
 His name being a briefe of his Nature, 
 por this Pillar is nothing in effe6t, but 
 a Medlie , or an ^mafje oFall the prece- 
 dent Ornaments , making a new kindc, 
 by Health , and though the moft rich- 
 ly tricked, yet the poorcft in this , that 
 he is a borrower of all his Beautic. His 
 length, ( that he may haue fomcwhat 
 of hisownejfhalbe of ten Diameters, 
 His degree (hould.no doubt , bee the 
 highcft by rcafons before yeelded. 
 
 But 
 
oJ^Archttecture. 59 
 
 But few Valaces Auncicnc or Modernc 
 cxcecde the third of the Ciuill Ot^ders. 
 The Intercokmniation , but a Diameter 
 and an halfe, or alwayes fomewhat 
 lefTc then two. The (^omraBionofthis 
 Pillar mult be one eight Part lefTc a- 
 boue then belowe. To know him 
 will be eafie by the verie mixture of his 
 Ornaments^ and Cloath'mg. 
 
 Andfo much touching thcfiueOr- 
 ders of Cokmnes^which I will conclude 
 with two or three, not impertinent 
 Cautions I 
 
 Firft ,that where more of thefe Or- 
 Jers then one, ftialbc fct in Icucrall 
 Stories or Qontignntions , there muft bee 
 an exquifitecare , to place the Columnes 
 precifely, one ouer another, that (Oy 
 thc/oliJ m^y anfwere to the folid , and 
 the ^vacuities to the fvacuities , as well 
 for 'Beautie,2s flrengthof the jF^W^^: 
 And by this Caution the Conftqucnce 
 isplainc,thatwhenwee fpeakc of the 
 Intercohmniatim or difiance , which is 
 
 due 
 
^o I be Clements 
 
 due to cachO;'w,vvemeanc in a Do' 
 riqueJonicail,Qorinthiaft Porch y or Qoi- 
 flerpt thelike oi one (^ontignaUQHi and 
 not in Storied buildings. 
 
 Se:ondly,lec the Columnes ^hont 
 be a forth part lelTe then thofebelow, 
 faith 'TXitrmlusJtb, ^,cap. i. A ftrangc 
 Preceptjin my opinion, and foflrange, 
 that peraduenturc it were more lu- 
 table,euen tohisownc Principles , to 
 make them rather a fourth Part grea- 
 ter , For lib. 3. cap.i. where our Ma- 
 iler handleth the ContraBions of Pil- 
 larsjwee hauean Optique Rulc,thatthc 
 higher they are, the Icflcfliould be al- 
 wayes their diminution aloft, becaufc 
 ihcEye it felfe, doth naturally conirad: 
 all Oi/^^i more orlcflc, according to 
 the Diflatice ) which confidcration, 
 may,atfirft{ioht, feemetohauebeenc 
 forgotten in the Caution wee hauc 
 now giucn ; but 'IJitruuius (the beft I n- 
 tcrprcter of himfclfe ) hath in the fame 
 place of his fift Bookc, well acquitted 
 
 his 
 
of <t/iYchiteUuYe% ^\ 
 hismcmoric by thcfc words : Qolumn^g 
 fupermes quart a forte mmores^qudm infe- 
 rioresjnnt con^ituenda ; propterea quod, 
 operi ftrendo quafimt Inferior a , firmiora 
 effe debent j preferring like a wife Me- 
 chanick, the natwali Reafbn , beforfe 
 the Mathematicall^and (cnfible conceits 
 before abftradled. And yet lib 4. cap, /^, 
 he fcemeth againc , to affect Suhiltie, 
 allowing pillars the more they arc cha- 
 Heledjto bee the more flendcr ; becaufc 
 while our Eye ( faith hee ) doth as it 
 were diftindly meafurc , the eminent 
 and the hollowed PartSjthc Totall Ob- 
 ic6t appear eth the bigger , and fb as 
 much as thofe excauations , doe fub- 
 trad , is fupplied by a Fallacie of the 
 Si^ht: But here mce thinks, our Ma- 
 fter fhould likewife haue rather con- 
 fidered, the naturall Inconueniencc^ 
 for though Pillars by chaneling,bce 
 feemingly ingroffed to our Sight, yet 
 they arc trucly weakened in them- 
 felucsj and therefore ought perchance 
 F in 
 
^i ^Ibetlements 
 
 in {bund realon not to bee the more 
 flencler,butthe more Corpulent > vn- 
 Icflc apparances prepondcr truths, but 
 Contra Ma^ifirumy non eU d'tjputandum, 
 A third Caution ftialbe that all the 
 proieBed or Jutting Parts { as they are 
 tearmcd) be very moderate , efpccially, 
 the Cornices of the lower Orders ^ for 
 whileft fome thinke to glue them , a 
 beautifull and royall Afped: , by their 
 largeneffcjthey fometimcs hinder both 
 the Light within , ( whereof I (hall 
 Ipcake more in due place) and like- 
 wife detrad much from the viewe of 
 the Front wlthout,as well appeareth in 
 one of the principall Fabriques at Fe- 
 wV^, namely the Palace, of the Duke 
 Grimani on the CanalGrandey'whAch by 
 this magnificent errour , is {bmewhat 
 di(graced : I needc now fay no more 
 concerning Qolumnes & their AdiufiBs, 
 about which Architeds make fucha 
 noyfc in their Bookcs , as if the very 
 tcarmcs of ^nbitraues , and Fri:^s, 
 
 and' 
 
ofArchiteaure. ^j 
 and Qornicei , and the like , were c- 
 iiough to graduate a Mafter of th is 
 Art-j yet let me before I paflc to other 
 matter, prcuent a famihar Obie6i:ion; 
 It will perchance bee faid, that all this 
 Dodrine touching the fine Orders^ 
 were fitter for the Quarries of Ajia 
 which yeeldcd i zyColumnes of 60 Footg 
 high, to the Ephefian Temple , or for 
 Numidia where M<irW« abound ; then 
 for the Spirits of ErtglandyWho muft be 
 contented with more ignoble Mate^ 
 rials: To which I anfwcrc, that this 
 needenot dilcourage vs.- For I hauc 
 often at ^^«(V<? viewed with much plca- 
 fure, an Atrium Gr^cHm(wc may tranf^ 
 late it an Anti porch , after the Greekc 
 manner) railed by Andrea PalladiOiVp^ 
 on d^ht Columnes of the (Compounded 
 Order; The '^afes of Stone, without 
 Pediflalsy The Jhafis or Bodies, of 
 meere Brick i three footeand anhalfc 
 thicke in the Diameter below, and con*' 
 fcquently thirty fiuc foote high , as 
 F 2. him- 
 
4*4- l^he Elements 
 
 himfclfe hath dcfcribcd thciii in his (e- 
 condBooke ;. Then which, mine Eye, 
 hath neucr yet beheld any Columnes, 
 more (lately of Stone or Marble ^ For 
 the Bricks, hauingfirft becnc formed 
 in eiCircular Mould ^zni then cut before 
 their burning into foure quartern or 
 morcjthc fides afterwards ioyne {o 
 clofely, and the points concenter fo 
 exactly , that the Millars appeare one 
 entirePeece ; which (hortdcfcription,! 
 could not omit, that thereby may ap- 
 peare, how in truth wee want rather 
 ^rt then ftufFe,to latisfie our greateft 
 Panaes, 
 
 ' Akcr P Wars, the next in my diftri- 
 bution, arc Pyla^ers, mentioned by 
 Vitrmius, lib. ycap. i. and fcant any 
 Tthcxe clfe vnder the name of Parafta- 
 tiSy as Philander conceiucth , which 
 ^rammaticaU^o'int (though perchance 
 not very cleerc) I am contented to ex- 
 amine no farther. Alwaycs,whatwe 
 mcanc by the thing ic felfe, is plaine 
 
 enough 
 
of Architecture. 4.5 
 enough in our owne vulgar^ Touch- 
 ing which, 1 will briefly colled: th« 
 moll con fidcrablc notes. 
 
 ^PyUfterSy muil not bcc too tall and 
 fjendcr, leaft they refcmblc Pillar s^not 
 too Dlifarfifh and grofle, leaft they i- 
 mitate the Piles or Teeres of Bridges : 
 Smoothnefle doth not To naturally be- 
 come them, as a Rufticke SuperfideSy 
 for they ayme more at State & Srengthy 
 then Elegancie. In priuate Buildings 
 they ought not to be narrower, then 
 one Third , nor broader then two 
 parts of the whole Vacuity, be- 
 tweene Pylafter and TylaHer- but to 
 thofe that ftand at the Qorners, may be 
 allowed a little more Latitude bydiC 
 cretion, for ftrength of the Angles ; In 
 theaters and Amphi-theaters^ and fuch 
 weighty Workes, TaOadio obfcrueth 
 them, to haue beenc as broad as the 
 halfc,andnow and then as the whole 
 ^Ucuitie : Hee notcth likewile (and 
 others conftnt with him ) that their 
 F I true 
 
4-6 1 he tilements 
 
 true Proportion , (Kould bcc an €xaH 
 Square i But for IcfTcning of expcncc, 
 andinlarging of roomc, they are com- 
 monly narrower in Flanke, then in 
 Front', Their principall Grace doth 
 confift m halfc or whole Pillars y ap-* 
 plied vnto them \ in which cafe it is 
 well noted by Authors, that the Co- 
 lumnes may bee allowed fo me what a- 
 boue their ordinary length, becaufe 
 they leane vnto {o good Supporters, 
 And thus much (hall fiifice touching 
 Pi74/Zfrf,whichisachcape,& a ftrong, 
 and a noble kinde ofStru&ure, 
 
 Now becaufe they are oftncr, both 
 for Beauty and Maiefty, found Arched, 
 then otherwife j I am hecrc orderly 
 led to fpeake of Arches, and vnderthe 
 fame head of Faults : for an Arch is no- 
 thing indeed but a contradtcd Faultj 
 and a Fault is but a dilated /irch : 
 Therefore to h andle this Piece both 
 oompendioufly, and fundamentally, I 
 will refolue the W hole bufincfic into a 
 few Theoremes, The^ 
 
Theorems i. 
 
 All folid Materiats Free from itn]pc' 
 dimcnt, doe defccnd perpendicularly 
 do wne wards, becaufc fonderofity is a 
 natural! inclination to the Qenter of 
 the World , and Nature pcrformcth 
 her motions by the (hortcft liaes. 
 
 Theoreme z. 
 Brick'es moulded in their ordinary 
 Reiiangular forme, if they fhall be layd 
 one by another in a leucll row, bc- 
 twccnc any Supporters fuftayning the 
 two ends, then all the pieces between, 
 will neceflarily Cuke, cuen by their 
 ownenaturall Qrauityyand much more 
 if they fufFer any dcpre/Iion by other 
 waight aboue them, becaufc their 
 fides being paralell^ they haue roomc 
 to dckcnd perpendicularly J without im- 
 peachment, according to the former 
 Theoreme^ Therefore to make them 
 ftand, wee muft either change their 
 PoB«rf , or their Fmre, or both. 
 
 If 
 
Theorme 3. 
 If Brickes moulded, or Stones fqua- 
 redCw«r4f/m(thacis, IVeJ^e-^^fe, broa- 
 derabouc then below) (hall bclaydin 
 a'2(p«>/fw^^,with their ends fupponed, 
 as in the precedent Theorems, pointing 
 all to one Center 3 then none of the 
 pieces betweene can finke till the Sup- 
 porters giue way, becaufc they wane 
 roome in that Fht^ration. to delcend 
 perpendicularly. But this is yet a weake 
 piece ofStruBure, bccaufe the Suppof" 
 ters arc fubiedl to much impulfion, eC- 
 pccially if the line be long; for which 
 reafon this Forme is feldomcvfed, but 
 ouer Windosipes, or narrowe Doores. 
 Therfore to fortific the TTork as in this 
 third Thedreme wee haue fuppofed the 
 Figure of all the M^f^rw/f different from 
 thofein the (econd: So likcwife wee 
 muft now change the *Tofture, as will 
 appcarc in the Theoreme following. 
 Theoreme 4. 
 If the Materials figured as before 
 
 Wedge- 
 
of (i4rchtteaure. ^p 
 
 jr^^f-1l>i/i?,ftallnot be difpofedleud- 
 ly , but in forme of fbme Arch^ or porti- 
 on ofa Circle^ pointing ail to the fame 
 Center : In this cafe neither the pieces 
 of the fayd Archy can finke downe- 
 wards, through want of roome to de- 
 fccnd"^ perpendicularly : NortheiSi^- By thefrB 
 porters or hutments (as they are tear^'^^^''' 
 med) of the fayd Arch can fufier fb 
 much violence, as in the precedent 
 f5at Pofturc, for the round nefTc will 
 alwayes make the Incumbent waighc, 
 rather to relV vpon zhc Supporters, then 
 to fhoue them; whence may i^c drawn 
 ancuident Corolary ; that the iafeft of 
 all Arches is the Semiciradar^ and ofallff^igh it 
 f^aults the Hemifjfberey though not ab- the/file 
 folutcly exempted from fome naturall?''^^^-*'''*^ 
 weakenefTc,* as Sarnardmo BaUi ^hlxft'ff^'^^ 
 o(G$tafta!laj m his Commentary vpoo/.^^^^ 
 Ariftotles Mechaniques, doth very wcWrightA^' 
 proouc; vvhcrclet me note by the wiy^g^^- 
 that when any thing is Math^maticady 
 demonftrated weakc, it is much more 
 G Mechan- 
 
fo The Elements 
 
 Mechanically weake: Errors eucr occur- 
 ring more eafily in the management 
 oiGroffe Materials y then Lineall Dt- 
 fignes, 
 
 Theoreme 5. 
 
 As Semicircular /irches, or Hemi- 
 /phcricall f^aults, being raifed vpon the 
 totall Diameter, bee of all other the 
 rounded, and confequently the fccu- 
 reft, by the precedent Theoreme: So 
 thofc are the gracefiilleft, which kec- 
 pine precifely the fame height, ftiall 
 yet bee diftendcd,one fourteenth part 
 longer then the hydcntircViameteri 
 which addition of dillent will con- 
 ferre much to their Beauty, and dctrad 
 but little from their Srenph, 
 
 This obferuation 1 finde in Leon^ 
 SatiJlaMertiy ' But the praAice how 
 toprcferue the fame height, and yet 
 diftend the Armes or ends of the Arch, 
 is in Albert DurersGeometryjWho taught 
 thcltalians many an excellcni Line^ of 
 great vfeinihis/frf. 
 
 Vpon 
 
ofddrchiteBure. ji 
 
 Vpon thcfc fiuc Thforemes, all the 
 skill of /Irchm^zndyaukmg is groun- 
 ded : As for thofc Arches^ which our 
 Ardzans call of the third and fourth 
 point; And the T«/i:^» writers (/irfr;^a, 
 and di quarto acuto, becaufe they al- 
 waycs concurrc in an acute jingk^ 
 and doc fpring from diuifion of the 
 Diameter,, into three, foure, or more 
 parts at plcafure ; I fay, fuch as thcfc, 
 both for the naturall imbecdity of the 
 ftiarpc Angle it fclfe, and likcwifc for 
 their very P^ncomelineffff, ought to bcc 
 exiled from judicious eyes, and left to 
 their firft inucntors , the Gothes or 
 iMmbardsy among ft other %eliqttesx>i 
 that barbarous /^^. 
 
 Thus of my firft Partition of the 
 parts of eucry Fabrique, into fiue 
 Heads, hauinggone through the two 
 former,^ been incidently carried into 
 this laft dodrinc touching i^rcfcf J and 
 uJaults. The next now in order are 
 the ^pertions'f wder which tearrae I 
 G 2. doc 
 
51 T^he Elements 
 
 doc comprehend Doores, Wmdoyifes^ 
 Staireca/es^ (^himnies^ or other Con- 
 duBs : In (horc, all Inlets or Outlets », 
 To which belong two generall Gw- 
 
 Firftj That they bee as feW in num- 
 ber, and as moderate in Dimctiiion, 
 as may poflibly confiil with other due 
 rcipeds: for in a v^ or d^ zll Openings 
 arc Weakn'mgs, 
 
 Secondly, That they doe not ap- 
 proach too ncerc the Angles of the 
 Wals J for it were indeed a moft eflen- 
 ciall Solec$fme to weaken that part^ 
 which mull llrengthen all the rcil : A 
 precept well recorded, but ill pradi- 
 fed by the /f4/ww5thcmfelues,pcrticu- 
 larly at Fenice , where 1 hauc obfcr- 
 ued diucrfe Pergolt, or Meniana (as Vi- 
 irumus fecmeth to call them, which 
 arccertaineballiled out-ftandings ta 
 fatisfiecuriofity of fight) very dangc- 
 roufly fet forth, vpon the veiy point it 
 fclfc, oit^K^MnraU Angle • 
 
 Now* 
 
of ^YchiteUure. 55 
 
 Now , Albeit I make hafle, to the 
 <:aftihg and eomparting of the wliok 
 TTcrA^, ( being indeede the very Defi- 
 nitiuc Summe cyf this Art^iQ diltribute 
 vfcfully and gradcfully a wcUchofen 
 Pto ) yet I will firft vnder their /euerall 
 Heads. colled briefly (omc of the choi- 
 feftnates belonging to thefc particu- 
 lar 0«m«rw.' 
 
 OfDoores and IVindo^es, 
 
 TrHefc In lets of Men and oi Light > I 
 couple togethcr,becaufc I find their 
 due Dimenfions , brought vnder one 
 Rylc, by Leone\/1lkrtt ( a learned Sear- 
 cher) who-from the School e of P)frA<^ 
 goras ( where it was a fundamental! 
 hiaximey that the Images of all thing$ 
 arelatcntinNwwfe^rJ ) doth determine 
 the comelielT: Proportion , betweehc 
 breadths and heights j Reducing Synu 
 metrie to Symphonies and the harmonii 
 of Somde , to a kinde of harmonie in 
 Sg^?, after this manner: The two 
 G J principall 
 
54 ^he Elemtnti 
 
 principall Confonances^ chat moll rauifh 
 the Earcare by confcnt of all Nature , 
 theji/t , and the OBaue ; whereof the 
 firft rifcth radically , from the propor- 
 tion ,betwcene two and three. The o- 
 thcrfrom the double Intemalle, be- 
 twccnc One and Two^ or bctweene Tipo 
 and Foure &:c. Now if we (hall trant 
 port thcfe proportions, from Audible 
 to vifiblc Obie&s j and apply them as 
 they (hall fall fittetl:( the nature of the 
 Place confidercd ) Namdy in (bmc 
 Windo'ppes , and Voores,thc Symmetric of 
 Typo to Three , in their Breadth and 
 Length ; In others the double as a- 
 forefaid 5 There will indubitably rc- 
 fuk from either , a gracefull and bar- 
 mmious contentment, to the Eye ; 
 Which (peculation though it mayap- 
 peare vnto vulgar i4r^/;^^«j, perhaps too 
 fubtile,and toofublime , yet wcemuft 
 rcmembcr,that Vitruuius himfclfcdoth 
 determine many things in his profcf^ 
 fion i by Mufcall grounds, and much 
 
 commcndeih 
 
of ft^YchiteUure. ss 
 
 commcndcth in an ArchiteB,z Philo/o- 
 phical Spirir^that is,hc would hauc htm 
 ( as I conccauc it ) to be no fupcrficiall,. 
 and floating Artificer i but a Diuerinto 
 Qmfes, and into the Myfteries of Propor' 
 tiort', Of the Ornaments jDclongia^ both 
 toDoores and Windo-^eSy Khali fpeake 
 in other place; But let nice hccrc adde 
 one obfcruation ; That our Mafter ( as 
 appearcth by diuers paflagcs , and par- 
 ticularly lib.6.cap.^ ) lecmcs to haue 
 bccne an extrcamc Louer of Luminous 
 ^oofnss^ Andindecdclmuft confede 
 that a Franke Light , can milbecomc 
 nocAEdifice whailocuct, Temples oncly 
 excepted; which were anciently darke, 
 as they are like wife at this day in fomc 
 l^oportion. 3euotion more requiring 
 colk&ed then defufed Spirits, Yet on tmitntn 
 the other fide we muft take hcede to difufmftm 
 make a Hbafe( though but for ciuill /*'^^^'*««' 
 vft ) all £7«,likc jirgus'y which in Nor- 
 therne Qimes would be too could , In 
 Southerr$s , too hoc v And therefore the 
 
 matter 
 
5(J ^be Elements 
 
 matter inde^dc importcth more then 
 a merry comparilbn, Eefidcs , There 
 is no part oiStruElure cither tnorc cx- 
 pencefuU , then Wmdosots ; or more 
 ruinous •, not onely for that vulgar 
 reafon, as being expofcd to all violence 
 of weather J but bccaufc confiftingof 
 fo different and vnfbciable pieces , as 
 Wood Jr on, Leade^^nd Glajfe , and thofc 
 fmall and weake,they arc eafily ihakei^, 
 I mull: Hkewife remember one things 
 ( though it be but a Grammatical nou) 
 touching 'Doores, Some were ForesySc 
 Some were Valuc€, Thofe(as the very 
 vyord may fcemc to import ) did open 
 ouf^ards , Thcfc inwards ; And were 
 commonly oftwo Leaues or Panes, ( as 
 we call them) thereby requiring in- 
 deed, a leflcr (jrctiit in their Vnfoulding; 
 And therefore much in vfc among Ita- 
 lians at this day ,• But I muft charge 
 them with an Imperfc<9:ion , for 
 though they let in as well as the for- 
 fncr,y et they keepc out worfc. 
 
 Of 
 
of (tArcmtecture. 57 
 
 OfStaire-^a/es. 
 
 TO make a complcatc Statre- 
 r4j/^,is a curious pcecc ofArcbi' 
 tenure : The vulgar Cautions 
 arethcfc. 
 
 ThatichaucaveryliberallL/^fcf, a- 
 gainft all Calualtic of Slippes, and 
 Falles, 
 
 That the (pace abouc the Head,bcc 
 large and /iiry^ which thcltalians vfe 
 to call P^n bel'SfogolOy as it were good 
 Ventilation, bccaufe a man doth ipcnd 
 much breath in mounting. 
 
 Ti)at the tidfe-paces bee well diftri- 
 butcd, at competent diftances, for re- 
 pofingontheway. 
 
 Thattoauoyd Encounters, and be*- 
 {ides to gratifie the beholder,thcwhole 
 Staire-cafe hauc no nigard Latitude^ 
 that is, for the principail Afcent, at 
 lead ten foot in RbyaQ Suildin^s. 
 
 That the breadth of cuery fingic 
 SPep or SPaire bee neuer lefle then one 
 
 H fooic, 
 
5d ^1 be Clements 
 
 foocejnor more then eighteen inches. 
 
 That they exceede by no meanes 
 halfe afoot in their height or thick- 
 nefle^ for our Ledges doe labour more 
 in Eleuation, then in Diftention : Thefc 
 I fay are famihar remembrances, to 
 which let me addcj 
 
 That the ilcps bee layd where they 
 joync Con <vn tantino di/carpa-, we may 
 tranflateit (omcwh^t Jloapingy thatfb 
 the foot may in a fort both afcend and 
 defcend together, which though ob- 
 ferued by few, is a (ccrct and delicate 
 deception of the paines in mounting. 
 
 Laftly, to reduce this dod:rinc to 
 fome Naturally or at lea ft Mathematical} 
 ground, (our M after, as we fee, //i.9. 
 cap.i.) borrowcth thofe proportions, 
 that make the fides of a ^eBangular 
 Triangle^ which the Ancient Schoole 
 did expreffe in loweft tearmes, by the 
 numbers of 3 .4. and 5. That is, Tijree 
 for the Perpendfculary from the Staire^ 
 head to the ground j Foure for the 
 
 Ground 
 
of (t4rcbiteaure. 59 
 
 GroHni-line it (clfc, or Rece/sion from 
 the wall ; A nd Fiue for the whole In- 
 clination or flopcncfle in the afccnt, 
 which proportion, faith he,will make 
 Temper atasff'aduumlibrationesMiihctto 
 ofStaire-cajes which arc dircdt : There 
 are likewifc Spirail^ or Cackle ftainSy ci- 
 ther Circular, or OuaQ, and fomctimes 
 running about a P/&ir, (bmctimes va- 
 cant, wherein PaOaJie, (A man in this 
 point of fingular felicity) was wonc 
 to diuide the Diameter, of the firft fort 
 into three parts 1 ycelding one to the 
 Pillar,^nd two to the Step! ; Of the ft- 
 cond intofoure, whereof he gauetwo 
 to the Staires, and two to the f^acu^ 
 iticy which had all their light from a* 
 boue, And this m exa^ Ouals^ ii a 
 Mafter-piece. 
 
 Of Chimnies. 
 
 JNthe prefentbufinene,Zf4/M«j(who 
 
 make very frugall fires,arepcrchancc 
 
 not the bell Counfellers.) Therefore; 
 
 H i from 
 
6o Th(^ Elements 
 
 from them wc may better learne,boih 
 how to faife faire Mantels within the 
 robtlncs, and how to difguift graceful- 
 ly the (hafts of Chimnies abroad ( as 
 they vfe) in fundry formes (which I 
 fhall handle in the latter partof my la- 
 bour) and the reft I will extrad from 
 Philippe del'Orme: In this part of his 
 Worke more diligent^ then in any o- 
 thcr, or, to doehim right, then any 
 man el{e. 
 
 Firft, hee obferaeth very fbberly, 
 that who in the difpofition of any 
 Building will confider the nature of 
 the ^gion,2tnd th^Windes that ordina- 
 rily blow, from this, or that Quarter ; 
 might fo caft the roomes, which (hall 
 fnoft need fire^ that hee (hould little 
 fcare thcincommodityof.S'wo<iA^,and 
 therefore hee thinkes,that inconucni- 
 encc, for the moft part to proceede 
 from fome inconfiderate beginning. 
 Or if the error lay not in the Dif^ofition 
 butiTTthcSfr«^«reit (elfej then hee 
 
 makes 
 
oj<iArcioit€aUYe^ 6i 
 
 makesa LogicaU, enquiry, That cither 
 the ir}W£?istcK>touch ktinabbue, at 
 the mouth of the Shafie , or the Smoke 
 ftifclcdbelow jlfnoneofthcfc, Then 
 there is a repulfion of the F-wwf , by 
 fome higher i3(7/ or Ei^r/^^t?, that Ihall 
 ouertoppe the Chimney and worke the 
 former cffed : If likewife not this, 
 Then he concludes , that the R<5ome 
 which is infcfted, muftbee neccflarily 
 both litde and clofe, (b as the fmoke 
 cannot iffiie by a naturall ^rinciple\ 
 wanting a fucccflSon and rupply-of 
 ncvfAj^re. 
 
 Now, In thcfe cafes he fuggefteth 
 diners Artificial! remedies , of vvhiclil 
 will allow one , a little l>e[mpmn ^ bc- 
 caufe it fauoureth of Phikfophk j and 
 was touched by Vitrmm\h\mtt\h\Jiih.i 
 cap.6. but by this man i^ge-nioufly opi 
 plied ^ to the prefent vfcj -Hee will 
 nauc vs prouidc two hollow bftiiffe 
 Katies of reafonable capaci^ievWith lit- 
 tle holes open in botbj^for reception of 
 ^ ' H 3 Wa^ 
 
Oj, J. PC u lememi 
 
 Water , whcti the Aire ftialbc firft 
 fucked out; Oncofthefe wee muft 
 place with the hole vpwards , vpon 
 an yroii Wire, that (hall trauerfe the 
 Chimney , a little aboue the lAantelly at 
 the ordinary height of the (harpeft 
 hcatc or flames, whereof the water 
 within being rarified, and by rarifadli- 
 onrciblued into Winde^WiW breake out, 
 andfo force vp the ffnoke, which o- 
 chcrwife might linger in the 'funnel},hy 
 the way, and oftentimes rcuert ; With 
 the other, (faith he) wee may fupply 
 the place of the former , when it is ex- 
 haufted, or for a needc blow the Fire 
 in the mcane whiles Which Inuention 
 I haue intcrpofcd for fomc little inter- 
 tainement of the Reader; I will con- 
 clude with a note from VaUadio , who 
 obftructh that the Ancknts did warmc 
 their Roomes , with certaine fecrec 
 Pipe$ that came through the Walles, 
 cranfporting heate ( as I conceiuc it ) 
 to fundry parts of the Houft/rom one 
 
 common 
 
common Furnace ; I am ready to bap- 
 tize them QaliduEis , as well as they arc 
 tearmcd Venti duEls , and Aqud^duSls 
 that conucy Windc and Watcr,-which 
 whether it were a cuftomc or a deh- 
 cacie, was furely both for thrift , and 
 forv(e,far beyond the German 6'fo«^i; 
 Andl (houldprcferre it hkewife be. 
 fore our ownefa(hion,if the very fight 
 of a fire, did not adde to the Roome a 
 kinAco(Refutation^2iS old Homer doth *i^f^u» ^ «,. 
 teach vs in a vcrfe, fufEcient ta prooue ,13^^* 
 that himfelfe was not bhnde^ as fomc fiofn.Efig, 
 would laie to his charge. 
 
 Touching ConiuEls for the SmUage 
 and other neccffities of the Houfe, 
 (which how bafe foeuer in vfc, yet for 
 health of the Inhabitants, areas con- 
 fiderable, and perhaps more then the 
 reft)I findein our Authors,this Coun- 
 fell j That Art (hould imitate Nature^ 
 in thofe ignoble conueyances ; and (c- 
 paratethem from Sight, ( where there 
 wants a running Water) into the 
 
 moft 
 
moft remote, and lowcft,and thickeft 
 part of the Foundation i with fcercc 
 vents pafling vp through the Wallcs 
 hke z lunnell to the wilde Aire aloft: 
 which all Italian Artizans commend 
 for the difcharge of noyfomc vapours, 
 though elfc-whcrc to my knowledge 
 little pra^tiftd. 
 
 Thus hauingconfidercdtheprece^ 
 dent ^ppertionsy orO«^r^«r«,in{cucrai- 
 tie according to their particular Re- 
 quifitesjl am now come to the calling 
 and Qontextur'e of the whole Workcy 
 comprehended vndcr the tcarme of 
 Compartaion : Into which ( being the 
 maineft piece ) I cannot enter without 
 a few generall Precautions, as Ihauc 
 done in other Parts. 
 
 Pirll: therefore , Let no man that in* 
 tcndeth to build , fetlc hisFancic vpon 
 a draught of the Worke in paper, how 
 exactly focuer mcafiircd, or ncatcly ftt 
 jofFin perlpeBiue- And much IcfTe vp- 
 on a bare Piwt thereof , as they call 
 
 the 
 
ofzdrchiteUuriL 6% 
 
 the SchiograpbU or Grouttd lines-, with^ 
 QUt a Modellior, ^ffiof^ttiB 'wh.<t>ic 
 StruBure, and of eucry piarccU and 
 Partition in T^ftboordov Wood. 
 ^?.-;r:^cxc that the iaid Model! bcc as 
 plaine as may bc> without colours or 
 other beautifying, leil the pleafurc of 
 the Eye preoccupate the /(5<^^w^w/5^ 
 which aduife oraicpd; by the Itdiau 
 Arch'tteHsy I finde in Philippe de I' Omey 
 and therefore (though France bee noc 
 the Theater p£be(i BuildJAigs ):it did 
 merit ibme menciojj ofhis name.- ^Vrj 
 -: Laftly, the bigger that this 7>^<^ be, 
 ]it is ftill the better, not that I yvili p<?r- 
 i/wadc a mail to fuch an enormity, as 
 that Mo^^tf made by JniomoLabacOyof 
 , Saint Peters Church in RgmCy conrai- 
 '-ningti. foot ialength,ri^. in br^adib, 
 and 15. in heigh th, and ooiiing 
 4i84.crownes : The price in truth of 
 area(bnabkC^<i/>f etf : ypt in a F«i/^%«tf 
 offomc40. 6r 56' thdu/and. po^^d? 
 charge, I wiih 50. pounds ae l^aftlayd 
 
 m^x I out 
 
aittific QiUeny^iii^^iie imi^fes; may t?a^ 
 itrly hceadrjlomc abfuiJdiry <^f greater 
 charge A«^Se^^W(j/ttj^w. 
 £ji J^dvVi^ft&t^ thfc^e pr6in<jiiiffiifirents, 
 
 JBy wTikich, the A ut hors of this jfn ' (as 
 •Jbarh bcisbc3K)Xiche4 -befof^j) doe a^iv 
 sd^Vftand' ia>|r<Jt:</i<i5^ and "^^/wi^diftri- 
 fbtitiofii of t'Bevvhole Ground f lot both 
 ibr roomes of Office, and of Reception 
 i^h BimtitineiHeHt, as>f ai^rc a\ the ^<^<*. 
 city ihcrtcf^iih'ihtht'mtmcohheCoim' 
 .Prty^^iW cofnport. Which circumftan- 
 -t€%( itt'^thc ppefentt S«i«i3y arc aH df 
 ^^^c«€rrffideraddn,9iid ^^^fflghtyeelH 
 mdpcdifccairfcthcsiian E/fWFwf^i/ 3(d^- 
 /Oiii^ will pennit. Tberefdrcf to ana- 
 tomize briefly jdjiis Definition;) the 
 ^Grkcefulneffe (yvheccof' wee fpeake) 
 iwill Gohfift in double Analom^ oxckiT' 
 
 ?iD'4nfhd W^Aotey^wtereby a ^mt P4^ 
 
 hruiHt^xAA h^ut great PamHonSf^gmt 
 
 i Lights 
 
of (^rxbithBure. 6y 
 
 Lights^ great Entrancts^ great PfSars ot 
 Bykftea ^ In fammci alhhe Hemberi 
 great. The next betwecnc the Pant 
 thcmfclues, ootQnly,coniIderiDg thdr 
 'IBreackbsiZn d Leagths^ &s b cfo r e, wbeja 
 wee (pake oiDooreszuiWindo'Sipes-yhxit 
 here hkewilc enters ithird rcfpe6b 06 
 Height yZ poinrt ( t iiKill coiifcfTe) hard- 
 ly red a cealale tor any gcncrall ptccept.' 
 True it is, that the Ancienti did de- 
 termine the jL ougkude o£ all Roomei^ 
 which w^re longer then broadc, hy) 
 the double of their Latitude, Vitrumts^. 
 lib. 6 .cap, 5 . And the Height h by the halfc: 
 of the breadth and length fommcd Da^i 
 getherBut when the RoB3nicwvas^pn&;? 
 ciftly f(juare,they made the H^ght halfi 
 as miicfei more as the Lil/Wkfeiv/whicW 
 Dimertfibni tbc madornc Atdjke^ 
 haue taken Icaue to vauie-vpQijiihiGrtt-i 
 tio H : ^o nactitiics : fquar ing- the £tff^ 
 flWe^^nyttheiiVttakTt^gtiicl^^flwiian 
 oiief thWart'Litic, frocrnii/gk tctidi^/rjt 
 oj§[thd (aii S(imH\ rliefiYvea%C5«rf ihii 
 
<J8 The Elements 
 
 Hcgfc/t fbmetimesvtnore, but fcldomc 
 tviwer then the full breadth k felfc;: 
 which boldnefle of quitting the old; 
 TroponionSi Tome attribute fir 11 to Mi- 
 ehael Angela da Suonaroti, perchance 
 vpon the creditc he had before gotten,, 
 in two other /4rt/. -' ! - 
 
 The fecond point is Vfefulmffe^. 
 which will confIilinafufficientN«w* 
 btr of Roomespfalllorts,and in their 
 apt (^oh'er ence, without diftraBionyV^ ith- 
 out confufion y fo- as the beholder may 
 notonely call it, Vna Fabrkabenraccol- 
 ta: as Italiam vfe ro fpeake of well vni- 
 tedWorkes, but likewife that it m^y 
 sppe^re ait k 3ind Jjftritoudy and fit for 
 the welcome ofchccrefull Gucfts; a- 
 bout which the principal! difficultic 
 w^iH'bjcein concriuingtheLgfc/^jj and- 
 Staire-xafes , whereof I will touch a 
 note pri^wo: For the firft, I obferue 
 ihat the ancient i^r/&iV^<j^f were at 
 Uiuchcafe. Ftur. both the GrwA^jand 
 Romanes (of whofe priuatc dwellings 
 
df (t4rchiteUure. dp 
 
 yitrmius hath IcFrvs fomedefcriptiGn) 
 had commonly two CloyUered open 
 (JourtSy one feruing for the Womens 
 fide, and the other for the Men : who 
 yet perchance now adaycs would take 
 fo muchfeperationvnkindly. Howfo- 
 eucr, by this meancs, the reception of 
 li^ht , into the Bodie of the building, 
 was very prompt, both from without 
 and from within: which wetnull now 
 fupplic cither by foiific open Forme of 
 the Fahriquc , or among graceful! re- 
 fuges, by Tarra/ing any Storie , which is 
 in danger of darkeneilc ; or laftly, by 
 perpendicular lights ,from the Boofe: of 
 all other the moft naturall , as Ihalbe- 
 fhewed anon . For the fecond di- 
 ficultie : which is calling of the Stayre^ 
 cafes i That being in it fclfe no hard 
 point, but onely as they are incom- 
 brances ofroome for other vfe:( which 
 lights were not) lam therefore aptly 
 moucd heere to fpcake of them. And 
 firft of OfEccs., . ,;• . 
 
 I 5 I hauc 
 
yo The Elements 
 
 I hauemarked a willingnefle, in thc^ 
 Italian Artilans , to dcftribucc the 2^- 
 ch'm^antriefBakehoufe^wafh'tng Roomer: 
 and eucn the J^uttm likewifc, vnder 
 groundjncxt abouc the Foundation ;3iX\ii< 
 (ometimcs Lcuel with the plaine, 01?- 
 Floor e of the Cellar: rayfing the fir It- 
 Ajcent into the houfe Ftfteene Foote cHJ* 
 more for that Endc, which bcfides 
 the benefit of remouing fuch Annoyet^ 
 out of fighl-, and the gayning of fd^ 
 tnuch more roome abouc, doth al(b"i 
 by cleuation of theFro»f,addc Mateftie^ 
 to the whole uifpeEl. A nd with fuch a 
 difpofition of the principall Stayre-caf^ 
 which commonly doth dcliucr vs,into 
 the Plaine of the feoond Ston€, therc^ 
 may bee wonders done , wif h a little 
 roome> whereof I could alleadge braue 
 Examples ahvostd ; and none more Ar- 
 tifieiall , and Delicious, then a Houfe 
 built* by Vaniele 'Ba^'bato Patriarchs of 
 /^quileia before mcwtioned, among the 
 memorable Commenters vpon^iVrwwJ*#^ 
 ' :- - But 
 
of^JrchiteBure. 71 
 
 But the Definition ( aboue determined ) 
 doth call vs to lome confideration of 
 our owne Countrie , where though all 
 the other pcttie 0^c^5( before rchcar- 
 -fed ) may well enough beefo remote, 
 yet by the naturall HofpitaUtie of Ewg- 
 knd^ t\\zV>uttrie muft be more vifible; 
 and wee neede perchance for pur 
 '^dm^s , a mor^ fpacioQ« and lumi- 
 *iou5 tQtcUn , then the forefaid Qom- 
 pmition will beare ; with a more com- 
 petent ncer^ncffe likewife to the Dj- 
 ning RnomeOrdlc bcfides other Incon- 
 :ueiiiences,perhap£sfbme of the Difhes 
 *nay ftmggle by fuhe way,* Hecre let me 
 notea common defe(3:, that wee hauc 
 ofavery vFcfull 9(oome ^ called by the 
 Italians ilTinello ^and familliar, nay al- 
 mofteffemiall, in all cheir great Fa- 
 miles. It is a Place properly appointed, 
 to conferue the meate that is taken 
 -feom die Tdile , till the Waiters €atc, 
 •which with vsty an olde fafhion , is 
 tttore vnitDmcly fetby ,iin thcmeane 
 fawbik; Now 
 
71 T'he Elements 
 
 Now touching the diftributionof 
 Lodging chambers J 1 mull here take 
 Icaucto rcprooue a faftiion , which I 
 know not how hath preuailcd 
 through Italie , though without an- 
 cient examples, as farre as I can pcr- 
 cciue by Fttrmius. The thmg I meanc, 
 is , that they fo cafl: their partitions as 
 when all Doors are opena man may fee 
 through the whole Hatt/i?; which doth 
 neceffaricly put an intollerable fcrui- 
 tude vpon all the Chambers fauc the 
 Inmofty where none can arriuc, but 
 through the reft; or el/e thcWaOes muft 
 beextreame thicke for fccret pafTagcs 
 And yet this alfo will not ierue the 
 turne, without at Icaft Three doorcs 
 to cuery ^oome: A thing moil infuf. 
 fcr^blcjin cold & windie Regions,and 
 cuery where noc fmall weakening to 
 the whole Warke ; Therefore with vs 
 that want no cooling , I cannot com- 
 mend thcdiredl oppofition of fuch 
 Omtms, being indccdc mccrcly 
 
 grounded 
 
oj ^Arcmtemre. yj 
 
 grounded vpon the fond ambition 
 of displaying to a Stranger z\\ out Fur ^ 
 mturesLt one Sight , which therefore is 
 moil maintained by them that meanc 
 to harbour but a few ; whereby they 
 make ODely aduantage of the V^»/>/>, 
 and feldomc prouc the Inconuenience, 
 There is hkewifc another defcd: ( as 
 abfurdities are feldomefoHtarie) which 
 will ncceflanly foilow,vpon fuch a (cr- 
 uile difpofing of inward Chambers. 
 That they mull bee forced to make as 
 many common great '3^o(?ww, as there 
 fhalbc fcucrzW Stories-, which ( befides 
 that they are vfually darke , a point 
 hardly auoided , running as they 
 doe, through the middle of the whole 
 Boufe) doelikewifedcuourc fo much 
 Place , that thereby th(i;y want other 
 Galleries, and Roomcs of ^etreate, 
 which I haue often confidered among 
 them ( I mull confcfle ) with no f mall 
 wonder; for I obferuc no Nation 
 m the World, by Nature more priuate 
 K and 
 
^ 1 pe iziemems 
 
 and referued , then the Italian , and on 
 the other fide , m no Habitations leflc 
 priuacie j fo as there is a kindc of Con- 
 flidibecwecnc their D-^peOmg, Sind their 
 !Be2ng : It might heere perchance bee 
 expeclcdjthat I ftiould at leall de/cnbe 
 ( which others haue done in draughts 
 and dejignes) diuers Formes of Plants 
 and Partitions^ and varieties of Inuen- 
 tions , But fpeculatiuc Writers ( as I am ) 
 arenotbounditocomprife all particu- 
 lar Cafes , within the Latitude of the 
 SuhieEi , which they handle ^ General! 
 Lights , and DireBions , and pointings 
 atfome faults, is (ufficient. The reft 
 muft be committed to the fagacitie of 
 the ArchiteBy who will bee often put to 
 rheltaiioKS <^i^crs ingenious fhifts, whenheeis to 
 calHtvHa wrcrtlc withfcarfitie pf 6ro««^. As 
 jh»z^ fomctimcs "^ to damme one Roomc 
 aswhcna ( though of fpeciall vfe)for the bcne- 
 Buttrie is fit and beautic of all the reft , Another 
 TaJy'it'' while,tomakcthorc faircft, which arc 
 Cafe»orthc moft in Sight , and to leauc the other 
 m^ (like 
 
oj <t/i rcpueaure. 75 
 
 (like a cunning Painter) in Qiadow, 
 cum multis al^s , which ic were infinite 
 to purfue. I will therefore clofc this 
 Part touching (^omparthton^zs chcexe* 
 fully as I can with a {hort defcription 
 of a Feafting or cntertayning ^oowe, after 
 the ^^;)'/>/i4« manner, who fceme ( at 
 leafttill the timeof^/^r««rW ) from the 
 auncicnt Behre^ts and Phenicians 
 (whence all knowledge did flow) to 
 haue rctayncd, with other Sciences^in a 
 high degree , alfo the Principles ^ and 
 praElift of this magnificent Art. For 
 as farreas Imay coniedureby ourMa- 
 ftcrsText,/ii.6.c<^/).5 .(where as in many 
 other Places he hath tortured his In- 
 terpreters) there could no Forme ^ for 
 filch a Royall vfe , bee comparably 
 imaginedjlike that oftheforcfaide Na- 
 tien , which I (hall aduenturc to ex- 
 plains , ;:. 
 Let vs conceiue a Floore or Area of 
 goodly length, (For example, at leaft 
 of no foote) with the breadth fomc- 
 K z what 
 
76 ipecLcmems 
 
 what more then the halfe of the Lotf 
 ^/Yw^jwhereof the reafon (halbe after- 
 wardsrendred. About the two longcft 
 fides, zn^ Head oh\\t (aid Roome, (hall 
 runnean Order of 'P/7/4ri, which PaDa- 
 dh doth fuppofe (orinthian ( as 1 fee by 
 hisdefigne)fupplying that point out 
 oi:Gr^^ce,becau{ewc know no Order y 
 proper to J^gypt, The fourth /^e I wil 
 leaue free for the Entrance : On the 
 fore(aid Pillars was laid an Archttrauty 
 which Vttruuius mentioneth alone: 
 Palladio addes thereunto ( and with 
 reafon ) both Fr^e;^^ and Qornicey ouer 
 which went vp a continued Wall, and 
 therein, halfe or three quarter Pillars^ 
 anfwering dircdly , to the Order be- 
 low, but a fourth Part le(re, and be- 
 twecne thc(c halfe Qohmnes abouc, the 
 whole Roome was windowed round 
 about. 
 
 Now, from the loweft l^iHars there 
 was layd ouer a Qontignation or Floore, 
 borne vpon the outward Wall^ and the 
 
 Head 
 
Of <t/iYct)ueoiure^ jy 
 Head oF the Columnes with Tarmce and 
 Tauementy Sub dio (fakh our Maftcr) 
 and fo indeed hec might fafely deter- 
 mine the matter in ^^yft, where they 
 fcare no Qlo^ds : Therefore PaQadio 
 (wo Icaucth this Tarrace vncouercd in 
 the middle, and halli/ed zhout) did per- 
 chance conftrue him rightly, though 
 therein difcording from others : Al- 
 wayes wemul!: vnderlbnd a (ufKcicnt 
 breadth o^ Pauement\ left between the 
 open part and the Windo'SpeSy for feme 
 delight ofSpeSiatorSt that might looke 
 downe into the -Ro(?/wd: The Latitude 
 I haue fuppofed contrary to (bme for- 
 mer Pofitions, a little more then the 
 halfc of the length; becaufe the Pil- 
 lars (landing at a competent diftancc 
 from the outmoft Wall, will by inter- 
 ception of the 5"/^^, (bmewhat in ap- 
 pearance diminiili the breadth ; In 
 which cafes, (as I haue touched once 
 or twice before ) Bifcretm may bee 
 more licentious then Jrt. This is the 
 K3 dc- 
 
dcfcriptionofan E^^plan toomc, for 
 fea^es and other Jollities* About the 
 IValles whereof wee mull imagine en- 
 tire Satues, placed below, and illumi- 
 nated by the dcfcending Light, from 
 the Tarrace, as likewifc from the JFin- 
 dowes becwccnc the halfe Tillars aboue: 
 So as this Roome had abundant and ad- 
 uantageousL/gfoj and befides other 
 garnrfhing, mull needes receiue much 
 Statehy the very heighthof the!?^(7o/^, 
 that lay oucrtwo orders oiCohmnes: 
 And fo hauing runne through the 
 foure parts of my firft gcnerall Diuiji- 
 on, namely, Foundation^ IValles, Apperti- 
 onSy and Qompanition ; the Houfe may 
 now haucleaue to put on his Hatte : 
 hauing hitherto beene vncouered it 
 felfe, and confequently vnfittocouer 
 others. Which point though it be the 
 lart of this Art in execution, yet it is 
 alwavcs in Intention the firft, For who 
 would build but for 5fe/f^r/ There- 
 fore obtaymng both th^^lacCySind the 
 
 dig- 
 
Of /lYcmtectUYe. yp 
 
 dignity of a FmaU caufe , it hath bccne 
 diJigcntly handled bydiuerfc, but by 
 none more learnedly then ^Bernardino 
 !Balcii Abbot of GuaUalla ( before ci- 
 ted vpon other occafion) who doth 
 fundamentally, and Mathematically dc- 
 monftratethe firmed: ^'ttt'm^s of the 
 Vppcr Tiwi Jeri, which make the Roofe, 
 But it hathbeene rather my Scope, in 
 thefe &ement$ to fetch the ground of 
 alljfrom Nature her fclfe, which indeed 
 is the fimpleft mother q( Art. There- 
 fore I will now onely dcliuer a few of 
 the propereft, and (as I may fay) of the 
 naturaleft confiderations, that belong 
 to this rcmayningPiVce. 
 
 There are two extremities to be a- 
 uoyded in the Couer, or %(iofe : That 
 it be not too heauyy nor too tight. The 
 i5rft,will fuffera vulgar obicdion of 
 prefling too much the vnder-workc. 
 The other, contaynciha more fecret 
 jnconuenience ; for the Couer is not 
 onely a bare defence, but hkewife a 
 
 kindc 
 
8o Thetlements 
 
 kinde of BWor Ligature^ to the whole 
 Fahriquey and therefore would require 
 fbme reafbnable weight. But of the 
 two cxcreamcs , a Houfc Top^hcauk 
 is the word. Next there mull bee a 
 care of Equality, that the Edifice be not 
 preffed on the one fide more then on 
 the other ; and here Palladia doch 
 wifely (Uke a cautclous Arti:^an) that 
 the inward VValles might bcare (omc 
 good fliare in the burthen, and the 
 outward be the leffe charged. 
 
 Thirdly, the balians are very pre- 
 cife in giuing the Camera gracefull/>^«- 
 dence oxjlopeneffe^ diuiding the whole 
 breadth uiro 'Rine parts j wherco'^two 
 fhal feruefor the elcuation of the high- 
 eft Toppe or ^dge, from the lowcft. 
 But in this point the quality of the i^f- 
 ^iowisconfiderable : For (as our '•T^/- 
 trmius infinuateth) thofc Climes that 
 fcare the falling and lying of much 
 5«o»»,ought to prouide more inclining 
 Pentices : aiid Comelinejje muft yecld to 
 Nece/sity, Thefe 
 
o/dArchiteBure. 8i 
 
 The(c arc the vftfuUeft Cautions 
 which I finds in Authors, touching the 
 laft Head of our DiuiCon, where- 
 with I will conclude the firft t^art of 
 my prefent Trauaile* The ftcond re- 
 may neth , concerning Ornaments with- 
 in, or without the Fabrique: A Piece 
 not fo dry as the mccre Contemplati- 
 on of proportions. And therefore I 
 hope therein , (bmcwhat to refrefh 
 both the ^ader, and my fclfe. 
 
 OF 
 
St 
 
 OF 
 
 THE ELEMENTS 
 
 OF 
 aA%CIIITECJV%E. 
 
 I' he I L fart, 
 
 ^^^3^t^^^ Very Mans proper 
 Manfm Houfe and 
 Home, being the T/;e^- 
 ter of his HojpiPality, 
 the Seate of Selfe-frui- 
 tioHy the Qomfortabkft 
 part of his owneL//^, the NobleU of 
 his Sonncs Inheritance, a kinde of pri- 
 uatc Pr'mcedome ^ Nsty, to the Pojfeffors 
 thereof, an Epitomie of the whole 
 World: may well deftrucby thcfe Jt" 
 tributes, according to the degree of the 
 Mafter, to be decently and delightfully a- 
 dorncd^ For which endc> there arc 
 two Arts attending on ArchiteHure ^\ikc 
 
 two 
 
Of z/ircmteaure.^ »5 
 
 two of her principall Gentlewomen^ to 
 dreffe and tr'mms their Mijlreffe ^ P i c- 
 TVRE &SCVLPTVRE: Between v\hom, 
 before I proceed any further,! wil ven- 
 ture to determine an ancient quarrell 
 about their Trecedency, with this D^'- 
 flinflion-y thatinthegarniftiing of Ki- 
 briquesy Sculpture no doubt mull hauc 
 the preheminencet as being indecde of 
 neerer affinity to AnhiteElure it felfe, 
 and confcquently the more naturall, 
 and more fu table Ornament, But on the 
 other iide, (to confider thcfe two Arts 
 as I Ihall doe PhilofophicaUy, and not 
 MechanichaSy) An excellent Piece of 
 Taint'mgy is to nrjr iudgement the more 
 admirable ObieB, becaufe it comes 
 neerc an Artificial! Miracle-, to make di- 
 uerfe diftind Eminences appcare vp- 
 on aFiat^ by force of Shado^es, and 
 yet the Shadowes thcmfelues not to ap- 
 peare : which I conceiue to be the vt^ 
 tcrmoft value and vcrtue of a Tainter, 
 and to which very few hauc arriued irt 
 zllA^es, L 1 In 
 
f. ■■ 
 
 In thcfc two Arts (as they are appli- 
 ableto the Sai/^^ which I handle) it 
 fliall bee fit firfl: to confider how to 
 chooje them j and next, how to dOpofe 
 them. To guide vs in the choycty wee 
 haue a Rule fomewhere (I well re- 
 member) in Tliny^ and it is a prettie 
 obferuation : That they doe mutually 
 hclpc to cenfure one another. For 
 Piiiure is beft when it ftandeth off, as 
 if it were earned ^ and Sculpture is beft 
 when it appeareth fo tender , as if it 
 were painted^ I meane, when there is 
 fuch a Teeming foftneffe in- ihcLimbeSy 
 as if not a Chiffeli had hewed them out 
 of Stone ^ or oi\itr MatmaH, but a Pen- 
 fill had diawne and ftroaked them in 
 Oylcy which the iudicious ^oet tookc 
 well to his Fancy. 
 
 Excudent ali^f^irmtiamollius tera. 
 
 But this gcncralitic , is not fufficicni 
 to makea good cfcoo/<rr,without a more 
 particular contradion of his ludgc- 
 03cnt. Therefore when a Piece of 
 
 Art 
 
drt^ \s (et before vs, let the firft Caution 
 bcnoc to aske who made it , lead the 
 Fame of the y^mhor doeCaptiuate the 
 Fancie of the 'Buyer. For,that excellent 
 Men doe alwaies excellency, is a falfc 
 Conclufion; whereupon I obferue a- 
 mong Italian Artizans three notable 
 pJr^/fi, which well decipher the de- 
 grees of their Tf^orkes. 
 
 They will tell you, that a thing was 
 done fjon diligen:^, Confludio , and Con 
 Amore; The firfl,isbuta bare and or- 
 dinary diligence^ Theftcond , is a learned 
 diligence; The third, is much more , c- 
 uen a louing diligence y They meane not 
 with loue to the Sejpeaker of the 
 Worke , but with a loue and delight in 
 the Worke it felfc, vpon fbme fpeciall 
 Fancie to this , or that Storie-, And 
 when all thefe concurrc ( perticularly 
 thelafl:)in an eminent Author ^ Then 
 perchance Ti^i^««f Fecit y or i;>i<ft<«fWei 
 will ftrue the r«r«f, without farther /«- 
 quifition ; Othcrwifc Artizans hauenot 
 L } onely 
 
75 ihe tilements 
 
 oncly their growthes and PerfeSlms^ 
 but like wife their Valnes and Tymes. 
 
 The next Caution muft be ( to i^to- 
 cccdc Logically) that in ludging of the 
 Worke it fclte , wee bee not dil^aftcd 
 with too many things atonce; There- 
 fore firft ( to beginne with PiStire ) 
 we are to obferue whether it bee Well 
 dra')\}ne , ( or as more elegant Arti:^ans 
 tearme it) well Df/^wW; Then whe- 
 ther it be well Coloured, which bee the 
 two generall Heads-, And each oftherti 
 hath two principall ^equifites ; For in 
 well Dejtgning, there muft bccTruth 
 and Grace , In well Colourmg, Force^and 
 AffeElion j All other Praifes , are but 
 Confequences of thcfe. 
 
 Truth ( as we Metaphorically take 
 ic in this jirt ) is a /fli/?and NaturallPre-^ 
 J>7rthn, in euery Part of the determined 
 Figwe. Grace is a cenainc free difpo- 
 Jcion.'m the whole Dr^ttgif , a nfwerafeic 
 tothatvnafFedcdfranktics ofFa/hioriy 
 in a liuing Sodie, Man or Woman, 
 
 which 
 
of Q^rchiteBure. 8d 
 
 which doih animate Be autie where it is, 
 and fupplie it, where it is not, 
 
 Force confifteth^in the fundings 6c 
 RaiJIn^s of the IVorke, according as the 
 Limbes doe more or Icfle requ ire k ; So 
 as die Beholder^ (hall (pie no /bar penejje 
 in the bordering L/«?j^ As when Tay- 
 lors cut outfi Siitc , which Italians doe 
 aptly tearme according to that compa- 
 rifon , Contorni tagUenti) Kor any flat- 
 nejfe within the 'Bodie of the Figure^ 
 which how it is done , we muft fetch 
 from a higher Difciplme ; For the Op- 
 ticques teach vs. That a plalne , will ap- 
 fcdxc prominent y2ind (asi^jA^ere) embof- 
 Jed , if the Parts farthcll from the AxeU 
 tree or middle Tf^wf of the £>'e,fhalbe 
 the moft Jhado'^cd, Becaufe in all 
 Darknejfejthcre is a kindc of Deepeneffe, 
 But as ip the Arte of perfwajion, one of 
 th#mofl: FundamentaIl*Tr^fef r^ isj the 
 conceakment\f Arte-, Soe here like wife, 
 x\icSi£7t muft be fweetly deccaued, by 
 an inicnflblc paflage, from brighter co- 
 lours 
 
88 1^ he Elements 
 
 lours, to dimmer yV^hxch Italian ^rti^is 
 calle the fwiVi/fe Tmf?«ff5- That is, Not 
 as the'tt>fc/V^i,and yolkes oiEgges lie in 
 thc5W, withvifiblediftindion; But 
 as when they are beaten^ and blended^ in 
 a ©//A : which is the nccreft compari- 
 (bn, that I can fuddenly conceiue. 
 
 Laftly, AffeHion is the Liml) Reprc 
 f entment yOi any 'paffton whatfocuer,as if 
 the Figures ftood not vpon a Cloth or 
 BoordejDut3iS if they were aftittg vpon a 
 $^45^; Andhccre, I mull remember, 
 in truth with much marueile, a note, 
 which I hauercceiucd,from excellent 
 Jni^^ns , that though Gladnejje , and- 
 Grkfey be oppofites in Nature) yet they 
 arc fuch Neighbours and Confiners in 
 ^r^f, that the lead touch of a Venfiil^ 
 will tranflate a Crying^ into a Laughing 
 Face-, which InUance^ bcfides diucrs 
 other, doth often reduce vnto my me- 
 morie , that Ingenious Speculation , of 
 the QardinaU Cufanus extant in his 
 Workes , touching the Coincidence ofex- 
 
 treamesy 
 
extremes. And chu5 much of the fptir«; 
 ^iquijites ^ trd TerftSiions in Pi&ure. 
 
 In Sculpture likcwifc,che Tvpo firll af c 
 - ablbluteiy ncccflarie j The third im- 
 pettmcnt; Vor Solide Figures nccdcno 
 elcuatiohjby force o( Lights, or fba- 
 dowesi Therefore in the Roomcof this^i 
 wee riiay put (as hath bcene before 
 touched ) a kindc o^Tendtrnefk, by the 
 Italians tearmcd Wor/'ii/^«4, wherein 
 the ^/;{^^i?,I mull confefleyhath more 
 glory then the Penjill; that being fo* 
 hard an lnUrumenty^v\i working vpon 
 fb vnphant ftuffe, can yet Icauc Strokes 
 o(ros,entlc appearance. r-f\T]r. : 
 
 TheFom'^i', which is the cxpreflmg 
 of AjJeBion ( as farre as it doth depend 
 vpon thev^^/Vtf/;,and 9^^«''^of the Fi- 
 gurt ) is as proper to the C artier .^ as* to 
 the Painter ; though ColourSyno doubr^' 
 haue therein the greatelt To^er-^whtTcl 
 upon,p«rchartcevj did firlt=:grow t^th 
 viiheFaf^n of cohufingicvitnRi^aS 
 SmuiSyVvkkU I muft tak6 leaue to^rall 
 zd M -^ ■ an-. 
 
d^niEngltfh ^arb.arijmei: , vux x. 
 Now in thcfe lower (2^(?^«^r^j drea(}y 
 rehearfed, ir isftrangc to norc , that iio 
 ^rri;^4»,h£Uir.gcu?r bccne blamed for 
 exceile in any of the three lall j onely 
 Truth { which (hould fcemc the molt 
 Innocent) hath fuffercd fomc Obicdi- 
 Oil :, land all A^s , haue yeelded fome 
 one or two Artificers ^ [oprodigioujl^ex- 
 quifite , that they haue bcene reputed 
 too I^aturaU, hi ihcir Draughts ; which 
 will well appearc, by a famous Paffage 
 in Qmnt'tlian , touching the Ch^raBtrs 
 of the ancient Artizans, falling now 
 fo aptly into my memory , that I muft 
 needes tranflate ir, as in truth it may 
 w^U deferuc. 
 
 , n"hc Place which I intend, is extant 
 io'thelafl: Chapter hue one of his 
 whole Worke , beginning thus in 
 hatlne, 
 \ Vrmiytjuwum quidtm ofreranon yetuj^ 
 tatkmodo gratia Vtfertda/um clari P'tBo- 
 resfutffedtcuntur^Poljgnotus atque Ag^ao- 
 phon^^c. The 
 
0f (t4rchiteSlure. p i 
 
 The whole Papa?e,\n Engllfb. 
 
 . .Wl^^£!^^?^^^h^^*• 
 
 THc firft Tainters of name, 
 whoft Workes bccconfidcrablc 
 K^^ for any thing more then oncly 
 lAntiquittey^xcMd to haue beenePt^/y^-' 
 notus ^znd AgUophori) whofc bareC(?/o«- 
 rings (hec mcaiics I x\\\nkt'\n•9ohite2ii^d 
 ^/^rcejhach eucn yet fb many followers, 
 that thofe rude and firit Elements , as ic 
 were of that, which within awhile, 
 became an Arte^ are preferred , before 
 the grcatcft Tainters that haue bcenc 
 extant after them, out of a cerraind 
 Competition (as I concciue it) in point 
 of ludgemsnt. After ihdc^Zmxes arid 
 Parafiusnot farrc dilbnt in a^e^ both a- 
 bout the time of the pehponsjian '^larre, 
 (for in Xcnophon wee haue a Dialogue 
 betwcene Parafius and Si>cra^ef''yd\d 
 adde much to this #rf/ Of which 
 the JirU is faid , to haue iniiented the 
 due difpoficion oi Lights and Shadowei; 
 M 2. The 
 
92r - The'EUmems 
 
 The/<co«i, tohauc more fubcilly exa- 
 mined r^ the ^ri o^ 'l}hus-m the 
 Draught j for Z^ttxes did Wake LimheSy 
 bigger then .the life j dcemipg ^ 
 Figures i thereby the more fl(^e!yind 
 MaieflkMx & th^rcin^^^s £q>niethin6e) 
 imitating 0omer, whom the fi^it^fi 
 forme doch pleare, Qucni^ Wofn€H,.Q^ 
 the other fide j Ptfrd/<«/ did exjiiftly Ih 
 mi^al .chePr(?/>i)rrw«5 fp^s che^ call hint 
 the L^lp gtMr , becaufe in the Imi^ges of 
 xh^Gods and oi Heroic aH Perfdn^iges , o- 
 thcrs haue fpllovyed hi$, Pat^mis hke ^ 
 Pfaf^iPut Picture d^d moil flouriih, 
 about the dales of P/;r7/V/> and cucn to 
 the Succcflburs of ^k^ander 5 yet by 
 fundry bMitmS^tT^rotogenes , did ^'• 
 cell in Viligmci) Pamplnlus and Ai^/d«- 
 rfciwif in due froporthrif AnttphUm \t\ 
 a Franke Facilities Ihem ot SiWoSj in 
 firength o[ Fatitafie ^'id cpnceiuJAgiol 
 Ta[sms ; JpelUs , in Itiuentim-', 4t>c. 
 Grdr^, whereof hec doth himfclfe inof 
 j^aantCi ^upbrattor, dcfcruf^ adff»ra; 
 
 tion 
 
vf ^rcbiteBure. pj 
 
 tion,thac being in other cxccJlent (In- 
 iies^ a principall Man, he was likewift 
 ^ wondrous Artizan, both in fainting 
 znd Sculpture. The hke difference we 
 may oblerue among \he Statuaries^ for 
 the workes of Colon avid Fgefias were 
 ipnacwi^anyZ/^s like thcTft/^tfwman- 
 x>er{ Thofc o^ Calamis not done with 
 ig> cold ilroakcs ^ And Myron more ten- 
 4ir then ihe former i a diligent Decency 
 in'Polyclettis aboue others, to whom 
 though the higheftprayfebce attribu- 
 ted by the moltj yet left he fhould goc 
 4fefiirom exception^ fome thinke hec 
 w2intQd Jolemn£jfe^ for as he may per- 
 chance be layd to haue added a comely 
 dimenfionio humane Ihape, fomcwhat 
 aboue the truth ^ fo on the other fide, 
 he? fecmed not to haue fully expreffcd 
 ^h^ Mmfty of the Gods : Moreouer, 
 hc^ is fayfl qot to haue medl<;d -wil- 
 .Jingly with i\\cgrauer age^ as not ad- 
 Uenturjng beyond Imooth cheekes : But 
 thpjfc yertges th^ w^c wanting in Pa- 
 -^iv" M 3 licletus^ 
 
p^ The Elements 
 
 lycUtuSj were fupplied by Vhii'ms and 
 Alcmenes, yet Vh'tdias was a better Arti- 
 zan in the repre(enting o[ Godsyihtn of 
 2i/i^«j and inhis workcs of luorie, be- 
 yond all emulation, eucn though hee 
 had left nothing bchinde him, but his 
 Minerua at Athens, or the Olympian lUh 
 piter in Elis, whofe ^eautle leemes to 
 hauc added (bmcwhat, euen to the r©- 
 ceiued ^llgton., the Maieflie of the 
 Worke^ as it were cquaUing the Dekj, 
 To Tr«f ^, they afErme Lyjippus and 
 VraxitekSy to haue made the neereft 
 approach : for Demetrius is therein re- 
 prehended, as rather exceeding then 
 deficient* hauing beene a greater ay- 
 mcr at LikeneSy then at I ouelines. 
 
 This is that witty Cenfurcofthe 
 ancient Artizans , which Quintilian 
 hath left vs, where the laft QbaraSiar 
 of Demetrius doth require a litile Phi- 
 fo/o/?/?if<i// examination ; How an Jrti^ 
 /«r, whofe end is the imitation ofNa- 
 ture,czn hcc too natural! -y which like- 
 
 wi/c 
 
wife in our day^ s was cither the fault, 
 or ( to fpcakc more gently) the too 
 niuchperfedionof^/im Durer^ and 
 perhaps alfo of Michael Angela da 'Buo^ 
 naroti, bctweeiie whom I haue heard 
 noted by an ingenious /trti:^n, apre- 
 ty nice difference, that the German did 
 too much cxprefTe thafSi^hichyvas; and 
 the Italian, that svlnch/hould bs : Whic h 
 fcuere obferuation of Nature, by the 
 one in her commone/1, and by the other 
 in her abfolutefl Formes , mull needs 
 produce in both a kindc of Rigidity, 
 and confequently more naturalnejje 
 then gracefulnefje : This is the clee- 
 reft rcafon, why fbme cxaci Symme- 
 trifts haue been blamed, for being too 
 true, as ncere as I can dehuer my con- 
 cur. And fo much touching the 
 choyce o t PiSlure and Sculpture : The 
 next is, ^c amplication of both, to the 
 heautifying ofFabriques. 
 •:, Firll therefore touching Tifiure, 
 there doth occurre a very pertinent 
 
 doubt. 
 
doubt, which hath beenc pafTcd buef 
 tooflightly, not onely by fbmc Afe«, 
 but by fomc Nations ^ namely, whether 
 this Crmmentcan wel become the 0«f- 
 Jid^ of houfes^vvhtrm thcGermanes hauc 
 made Co little (cruplc, that their bell 
 Townes arc the moft paintcd,as AuguUa 
 and Tslorembergh, To determine this^' 
 queftion in a word : It is true, that a 
 Story well fct out with a good Hand^ 
 will euery where take a luiiciotis eye : 
 But yet withal it is as true,that various 
 colours on the Out-s^alles of'^uildingSy 
 haue alwayes in them more Delight 
 t\\cv\T>ig7iity : Thcrfore I would there 
 admit no Paintings but in Blacke and 
 Wbite^ nor cucn ui that kinde any Fi" 
 guns (if the roome be capable) vnder 
 Nine or Ten foot high, which will rc-^ 
 quire no ordinary Arti^^n^ becaufe the 
 faults arc more Vtjihle then in finall 
 DefgnesAn vi[Ag\xxci paintings thcilo- 
 bleli: is, the imitation ofMarhles, 6c of 
 ArchiteBure it fclfe,as ArcheSyTree:<:ei^' 
 
 Columnes, 
 
ofddrchiteUme. 97 
 
 Columnes, and chc 1 ikc. 
 
 Now for the Infide, heere growcs 
 another doubt, whether Grotefca (as 
 the halians) or Antique worke (as wee 
 call it) Oiouldbereceiued, againft the' 
 cxpreffe authoritie of Vitrmius him- 
 kl(c^lib.y,c^,^, where J^t&ura (faith 
 hee) Fit eius, quod ejl^ feu poteH efje^ ex- 
 cluding by this feuerc definition, all 
 Figures compofed of different l>(atures 
 or Sexes > fo as a Syrene or a Centaure 
 had becne intolerable in his eye : But 
 in this wee muft take leaue to depart 
 from our Mafier, 6c the rather becaufe 
 he fpake out of his owne profefslon, al- 
 lowing Painters (who haue euer bin as 
 little limited as Poets) a leffc fcopc in 
 their imaginations, euenthen the gra- 
 ucft Vhilofophersy who fbmetimcsdoc 
 ftrue themfelues o( InJianceSjthsit haue 
 no Exiftence in Nature 5 as wee fee in 
 Vlatoes Amphisbcsnay & Ari/iotles Hirco- 
 Ceruus. And (to fettle this point) what 
 vyas indecdemorc common and fami- 
 N liar 
 
pS The Elements 
 
 liar among the Romanes themfelucs, 
 then the Viiiure and Statue oiTerm'muSy 
 euen one of their Deities f which yet if 
 we well condder^is but a piece of Gro- 
 tejca ) 1 am for ihefe reafons vn willing 
 to impouerifti that /^rtjthough I could 
 wifh fuch medlie and motUe Defi2;nes, 
 confined onely to the Ornament of 
 Free^^es, and Borders, their propereft 
 place. As for other Storied Workes 
 vpon TFalleSy I doubt our Clime bee 
 loo yeelding and wo//?, for fuch ^arni(h' 
 ment) therefore leauingit to rhzDweU 
 Urs difcretion, according to the quali- 
 tie ofhis,S^4f^- 1 will onely addc a cau- 
 tion or two, -about the difpofing of 
 ViEiures within. 
 
 Firft, that no %oome bee furnifhcd 
 with too many, which in truth were 
 a Surfet qi Ornament^ vnleffe they bee 
 Galleries^ or fome peculiar ^epojttory 
 ior Rarities oi Art, 
 
 Next, that the bcft Vieces be placed 
 jQOt where there is the kafty but where 
 
 there 
 
of^ArchiteBure. pp 
 
 there are the fe-^ejl lights \ therefore 
 notoncly i^ooww windowed on both 
 ends, which we call through-lighted ; 
 but with two or moe Windowes on the 
 fame fide,are enemies to this Jrt-^ and 
 fore it is, that no Va'mting can be feene 
 in full TerfeSiion but (as all Nature is il- 
 luminated) by ^fingle Light. 
 
 Thirdly, that in the placing there be 
 fome carealfo taken, how the Vainter 
 did ftand in the Working,\yh\c\]. an in- 
 telligent Eyey will cafily difcouer, and 
 that Tofiure is the moft naturall ,• (o as • 
 Italian pieces will appearc beft in a 
 ^oome where the Windowes dite high^ 
 becaufe they are commonly made to 
 a defcending L(gte, which of all other 
 doth fet oft mens E^c^j in their trueft 
 Spirit. 
 
 Lartly, that they bee as /JTCfer/y be- 
 llowed for their quality ^as fitly for their 
 ^race: that is, chearefuil Paintings in 
 Fea/ii}ig3LnA 'BanquettingKoomcs^ Gra* 
 tier Stories in Galleriesy Land-fchipSy and 
 N 2. Bo/cage, 
 
no The Elements 
 
 *^B*(cipj and fuch >//J^ workcs in o 
 pen Tarf.K(s, or in Summer bonf^s (as 
 wc call ihcm] and die like. 
 
 And thus much otPi8tirc\ which 
 let race clofc with this NotCj that 
 though my former Difcourlc may 
 feruc perchance for fome reaibnablc 
 kitiing in the choycc of fuch dchghts 5 
 yet let no man hope byliich ^fpscula- 
 fa^erudi lion, to difccrne the Ma/l^riy 
 2nd MjUerious touches of /(rf, but an 
 Artizan himfeife; to whom therefore 
 we muftleaue xhcj>rfregaliu£y to cen- 
 fare the manner and handling, as hcc 
 himfelfc mull likewife leaue fomc 
 points, perchance ofno lelTcvalueto 
 others ; as for example, whether the 
 ^mjbznghih ntre.ented, the Figures 
 in true aftion, the Ver[ons fuud to their 
 feuerall oualities, the affeciioru p'Opfr 
 and ftrcng.^r.d fuch hkeobferuarions. 
 
 Now for Scuiptpre, I muft likewiic 
 begin with a Qcntrouerfie^ as before 
 (failing into thi^ Place) or let mee ra- 
 ther- 
 
of (tArchiteBure. \o\ 
 
 tbcr call it a very mecre F4«f/^,ftrangc^ 
 ly taken by PaSadiOy who bauing no- 
 ted in an old /^ch or two at Ferona, 
 fomcpart of the Materials already cut 
 in fine Formes, and fomc 'VnpoUfhedy 
 doth conclude (according to his 
 Ltg/c/:e)vponthis particular, that the 
 Aundents did Icaue the outward Face, 
 of their MarhUs or Fret-Uofie, without 
 any Sculpture ^u)! they were laid , and 
 Qtmented,m the bodic of the '^uildw^) 
 For which likewife hce findcth area- 
 fonCasmany doe now and then very 
 wittily, cuen before the thing it felfe be 
 true ) that the 'Marerialls being left 
 rowg/^wer?moremanagabiein theA/^- 
 fons hand,then iftfacy had bcene/w^o/i; 
 'And that fo the fides might beclaidc 
 t02;cther the more exadllv •, Vvhich 
 Conceit , oacc taken hee feemes to 
 haue farther imprinted , by marking 
 in certalne Storied Sculptures , of oulde 
 time, how precifcly the pans and Lines 
 of the Figitrts that paflc from one Stone 
 
 N 3 to 
 
loz 1 he Elements 
 
 to another, doc mcctc-, which hcc 
 til inkcs could hardly fall out (b right, 
 (forgetting while hefpeakcsof ^M«V/iP 
 things, theauncient2)/7/g^«ce) vnlcfTc 
 they had beene cut, after the ioyning 
 of thcM^rm^/j, But all theft Induce- 
 ments y cannot counteruaile the foleiw- 
 conuenknce of jhaking , and Vifioynting 
 the Comm'tjfures with fo many Strokes 
 odhc Qhi/Jeli^ befidcs an Incommodms 
 Working on Scaffolds ^ efpecially ha- 
 uingno teftimonic,to confirmeit,thac 
 I haue yet ftenc among the records oi 
 Art ; Nay,it is indcedc rather true,chac 
 they didfquare , and (^arucy and P^////?, 
 their Stone and Mar hie VVorkes, euen in 
 the very (Jaue ohhc Quarrie^ before it 
 was hardened by open Aire^ But ( to 
 leaue difputation)! willfet downe a 
 few Pofitiue notes, for the placing of 
 Sculpture j becauft the chufing hath 
 beene handled before. 
 
 That firft of all, it bee not too ge- 
 nerallsind abundant ^ which would make 
 
 a 
 
Of Arcmtecture. icj 
 a Houfe^ looke like a Cabblnet , &: in this 
 point , moraU Pbilofofhie which tcmpc- 
 rcth Fanc'ies^\s the Superintendent of Art, 
 That efpecially , There bee a due 
 moderation of this Ornament in 
 the firft approach ,• where our Au- 
 thors doe more commend ( I meane 
 about the Frincipall Entrance) ^Do- 
 rique y then a (^orinthtan garnifhrnent; 
 So as if the great Doore ^bc ^rched.vwiih 
 fome braue Head, cut in fine Stone or 
 Marble for the Key of the Arch , and 
 two Incumbent Figures gracefully lea- 
 ningvpon it, towards one another^as 
 if they meant to conferred I fhould 
 thinkethisafufficientcntertainemcnt, 
 for the firft Reception , of any ludkious 
 Sight , which I could wi(h (econdcd, 
 with two great ftanding Statues on 
 each fide of.a paued way that fliall 
 leadevp into the Fabrique , So as the 
 "beholder at the firft entrance, may 
 pafle his Eye betwccne them. 
 
 That the NiceSy\( they containe F/-^ 
 
 gures 
 
104- / he tiements 
 
 gtiresof'9phite Stone or Marble , bee not 
 coloured in their Concauitit too hlacke, 
 For though Contraria iuxta jt pojita 
 magis illucefcunt ( by an olde Rule ) yet 
 it hath becne fubtilly,and indeedc truc- 
 ly noted that our Stght, is not well con- 
 tented, with thofe fudden departments, 
 from one extreame,to another; There- 
 fore let them haue , rather a Dmki/h 
 Tindurejthen an abfolutc hlacke. 
 
 That fine and delicate Sculptures , be 
 helped with T^etrenes , and Groffe 
 with diflance j which was well feene in 
 the olde controuerfie , betweenc Phi- 
 dias and Alcmenes about the Statue of 
 Venus : wherein theFirft did (hew di(- 
 cretion , and faue labour , becaufe the 
 Worke was to bee viewed at good 
 Height , which did drowne the fweetc 
 and diligent ftrokes of his Aduerfarie: 
 A famous emulation of two principall 
 Mti^^ans^ celebrated eucn by the Greeke 
 Toets. 
 
 That in the placiag of {landing i^i- 
 
 gures 
 
of^AYChitecluYe. 105 
 gure^ aloft , wee muft /ct them in aPc^- 
 y^wr^ fbmewbat bowing forward j be- 
 becau{c(faith ourMafter,/&5.f(i/>. 3 .ouc 
 ofa better ^rr then his owne) theqy/- 
 JuaQbeame of our eye 3 extended to the 
 Head of the faid Figures , being logger 
 then to the Footc^ 1 muft ncccflarily 
 make that part appeare farther ^ fo as 
 to reduce it to an ered or vpright po- 
 Jition ythcrc muft be allowed a due ad- 
 uancage of /looping towards vs j which 
 Albert Durer hath cxadly taught , in. 
 his fore mentioned Geometry. Our 
 Vitrmm calleth this afFedlion in the 
 Eye , a refupination of the Figure : For 
 which word (being in truth his owne, 
 foroughtlknow) wee are almoft as 
 much beholding' to him , as for the 
 obfcruation it felfe : And let thus 
 much fiimmarily fuffice, touching the 
 choice and vfe of thefe adorning ^rts. 
 For to fpeake of garnifhiiig the Fa- 
 hrique with a Rot0 of eredcd Statues , a- 
 houiihe Qomice ofeuery Qontignation 
 
 O or 
 
io6 ^Iheblemems 
 
 or Story, were difcourfcmorc proper 
 for Athens or %pme, in the time of their 
 truegreatncfle., when (as Plinie recor- 
 deth of his own ^^)chere were ncerc 
 as many carucd Ima^a^ as liuing Men:, 
 hkea noble contention, eucnin point 
 of jF^r?i//0',becweene Art and Nature , 
 which paffage doth not onely argue 
 an infinite abundance, both of ^rti- 
 i^s znd Materials i but Iikewife of 
 Magnificent and MajeHicall defires, in 
 euery common pcrfon of thofe times j 
 more or Icfle according to their For- 
 tunes. And true it is indeed that the 
 Mzrhlc Monuments dc Memories of well 
 deferuing Men, wherewith the very 
 high wayes vsfcrc ftrewed on each fide 
 was not a bare and tranfitory enter- 
 taincmenc of the Eye, or onely a gentle 
 deception oiTtme, to the Trauaikr: 
 But had alio a fecret and ftrong In flu- 
 e^^,euen into theaduanccment of the 
 Momtrchiey by continuall rcpreftnta* 
 tion ofycrtuQus examples j fo as in 
 
 that 
 
of ^ArchiteBure. 1 07 
 that point A%T became a piece of 
 State. 
 
 Now as 1 hauc before fubordinatcd 
 ^i&ure^^nd Sculpture to ^rchiteBure^zs 
 their Miftrcflc-fb there arc ccrtaine in- 
 feriour Arts likewise fubordinate to 
 them : As vnder Vi^ureyMo/aique^w ri- 
 der SculfturCyPlaUique j which two, I 
 oncly nominate, as tiic fitted to gar- 
 nifti Pabriques, 
 
 Mofaique is a kinde of Painting in 
 fmall PebbleSy Qockles and Shells of (ijn- 
 dry colours j and of late dayes likewifc 
 with pieces of Glajje , figured at plea- 
 dire- an Ornament intrueth,of much 
 beauty, and long life, but ofmofl: vfe 
 mfmements and Floorings, 
 
 VlaUique is not onely vnder Sculp- 
 ture y but m deed very Sculpture it felfe : 
 but with this difference ; that the 
 Plaflerer doih make his Figures by^^^- 
 ditiort , and the Qaruer by SuhJiraStion, 
 whereupon MkhaeUngeloyvai wont to 
 fay fomewhat pleafantly : That Satlf' 
 O 2, ture 
 
-<#*» 
 
 ic8 T^he Elements 
 
 tttrev^diS nothing but A purgatm of Ju- 
 feiflutties. For take away from a piece 
 of woodjor ftonc, all that isfuperfluousy 
 and iViC remainder is the intended Fi- 
 gure, of thisTlaWqueArt ^ thechicfe 
 vfc with vs is in the grsiccfull frettifi^ 
 of roofrs : but the ir^/i^/^iapplie it, 
 to the manteling of Chimneys, with great 
 Figures. A chcape piece of Magnifi- 
 ceHce,^nd as durable almoft within 
 doores,as harder Forms in the weather. 
 And here though it bee a little excursi- 
 on , I cannot' pafle vnremembred a 
 gain^j their manner of difguifingthe 
 Ihaftes of C/^/ww^j/j in various fafhions, 
 whereof thenoblcll is the TyramidaQ: 
 bceing in trueth apiece of polite and 
 cJuill di(cretion , to conuert eucn the 
 conduits of foote and fmoake, intoOr- 
 naments . whereof I haue hitherto fpo- 
 ken as farre as may concerire the Bodie 
 of the Building. 
 
 Now there are Ornaments alfo with- 
 out, as Gardens yFounta'mes, Qrouesy Con- 
 
 ferua,' 
 
of^tArchiteUure. sop 
 feruatories of rare Beafls^ ^irds , and Ft- 
 flje^. Of which ignobler kind of Crea- 
 tures, Weeougl)tnot (faith ourgreaceft 
 '^Mafter among the fonnes of Nature) ""ArifiMb.i 
 childilhly todefbifethe Contemplation ifof '"-hS'/^ 
 mall things that are natumU , there is euer <rn f^^v^A- 
 fomtthing ^ that U admirable. Of chefe XX^'^l^. 
 extcrnali deh^hts^awordortwo. w«ne^»Co«, 
 
 Firit, I mult note a cename contra- ^« ^ y^is 
 rietie betweenc kdlding ^nd gardening : ^1'^X'^"' 
 For as Fabriques ftiould bee regular , To 
 Gardens (hould bee irregular yOr at lead 
 caft into a very wilde Regularitie, To 
 exemphfie my conceit ; I haue feene 
 a Garden (^ for the maner perchance in;5 
 comparable) into which thefirflAc- 
 cefTe was a high walke hke a Tarrace, 
 from whence might bee taken a geiac- 
 rall view of the whole Pto/below;but 
 rather in a delightful! confufion, then 
 with any plaine diQindlion of the pie- 
 ces. From this the 'Beholder defcending 
 many fteps, was afterwards conueyed 
 againe , by fcuerall mounPtngs and ^va- 
 O 5 %^» 
 
no 1^ he Elements 
 
 IwgSy to various cmercaincmcntsof his 
 jmtj 9ind fight : which 1 (hall not nccdc 
 to dcfcribe ( for that were pocticall) 
 let me onely note this , that eucry one 
 of thcfc diucrfitics , was as if hcc had 
 becne Magically tranfported into a new 
 Garden. 
 
 But though other Qountreys hauc 
 more bencfitc of Sunne then wee, and 
 thereby more properly tyed to con- 
 template this delight; yet hauel fcenc 
 in our (?ip«e, a delicate and diligent r«- 
 riofitie , furely without parallel among 
 fbrcigne t^ations ; Namely,m the Gar- 
 den of Sir Henry Fan/ha-^ , at his feat 
 in Ware- Parke yvyhcrc I wet remember, 
 hec did (b precifely examine the tin- 
 flureSi and feafom ovhh flowes^ that in 
 their fettlng, the inwardsft. of ihofc 
 which were to come Vp at the fame 
 time, (hould be alwayes a little darker 
 then the outmojlj and (o ferue them for 
 a kindc of gentle fl?adow, like a piece 
 not o{l{aturc,h\ito(Arte : which men- 
 tion 
 
of <i4Ychttemre. in 
 
 tion(incidcnr to this place) I hauc wil- 
 lingly made of his t{ame^ for the dearc 
 friend/hip that was long bctwcene vs : 
 though I muft confcfle, with much 
 wrong to his other ^vertuts] which dc«* 
 ftruc a more {6\\(^cmemomtl, then a- 
 mong thefe vacant obfcruations. So 
 much, oi Gardens, ''' '- 
 
 Fountaines arc figured^ or only plainc 
 Water d-yoorkes : Of either of which, I 
 willdefcribc amatchlcflTe patterne. 
 
 Thefirftjdoneby the famous hand 
 o( Michael Angeh da *^Buonaroti^ in the 
 figure of a fturdie '9t>oman,'^a/hi?ig and 
 foinding of linnen cloches; in which 
 A<ftc, (hce brings out the w^ter that 
 made the Foumaine^-, which was a 
 gracefull and naturall conceit in the 
 Artificer, implying thisruIc;That all 
 defignes of this kind, (hould be prober*' 
 The other doth merite fome larger 
 expreflio ; There went a long,ftrajght, 
 moffie walJce of competent Breadth, 
 gtceac,and foft vnderfoot, lifted on 
 
 both 
 
la 7 t)e riemems 
 
 both fides with an Aqu^eduB of white 
 fi:one,brcaft-high, which had a hol- 
 low channel! on the top, where ranne a 
 prcty trickling ftreamcj on thceJgc^ 
 whereof, were couched very thicke all 
 along, certainc fmall pipes of lead, in 
 little holes \{o neatly, that they could 
 not be well perceiucd , till by the tur- 
 ning of a cockc, they did (prout oucr 
 interchangeably from fide to fidc,a- 
 boue mans height, in forme oi Arches^ 
 without any inter(cd:ion or meeting 
 aloft, becaufe the pipes were not exadt- 
 ly oppofitc , fb as the SehoUery befides 
 that, which was fluent in the ^qu^- 
 duEis on both hands in his view, did 
 walke as it were, vnder a continuall 
 hwre or Hemilphereof w2Ltcr, without 
 any drop falling on him. An inuention 
 for refre(hment,furcly farre excelling 
 all the Alexandrian delicacies, and Tueu- 
 matiques of Hero, 
 
 Groues, and artificiall dcuices vnder 
 ground,are of great cxpcucc, and httlc 
 
 dignitie^ 
 
dignitic ; which for my part I could 
 wiCh conuerted here into chofc Ctyjftt^ 
 ria, whereof mention is made among 
 the curious prouifions ofTkho 'Braghs 
 the Danifh Pr(?few/V, aslmay wellcall 
 him : which were deepe concaues in 
 gardens, where the ftarrts might be ob- 
 ferucd euen at noone. For (by the way) 
 to thinke that the brightncfic of the 
 Sunnesbody abouc, doth drowne our 
 difcerning of the lefler hghts, is a po- 
 pular errour^ thefole impediment be- 
 ing that luftrc, which by reflefihn^doth 
 fpread about vs, from the face of the 
 Earth ; fo as the caues before touched, 
 may well conduce, not to a delicious, 
 but to a learned pleafure. 
 
 In Aularks of wire, to kecpe Birdes 
 of all forts, the Italians (though no 
 waftfuU Nation ) doe in fome places 
 beftow vaft expence ^ including great 
 fcope of grottnay varietic ofbujhss^ trees 
 of good height, running ypaters, and 
 fomctimcs a Stoui annexed, to con- 
 P temper 
 
11^ jt f/s juk(<mc7fwy 
 
 temper the Jire in Winter. So as thofc 
 ChantereJJes, vnlcflc they be fuch as per- 
 haps delight as much in their wing, as 
 in their voice, may liue long, among fo 
 good prouifions and roome , before 
 they know that they Site prifonets-, re- 
 ducing often to my mcmory,tbat con- 
 ceit of the Romane Stokh,v^ho in com- 
 parifon of his owne free cantemplatms^ 
 did thinke diuers great and fplendenc 
 fortunes of his time, little more then 
 commQdiotis captmties. 
 
 Concerning Tonis of pleafur^ i^eerq 
 the habitation , 1 will refcrre my felfe 
 to a graue Attthor of our owne (though 
 • »f K*«i* more illuftrious by his other * workcj 
 namely SarUburmfis de ftfcina. 
 
 And here I will end the fccond part 
 touching Ornamemiy both "S^ithiriy and 
 
 ^ Now as almoit all thofe,which hauc 
 deliueredthe Elements of Lo^ich y doe 
 vfually conclude , with a Chapter tou- 
 ching Adt^aborfc;, (q lam hocaie, feized 
 
 with 
 
 €i*rhii.f^f. 
 
of Architecture. uy 
 
 with a kind of critical fpirit,&dcfirou$ 
 to ftiut vp thcfe hnMin^^lemtnts, with 
 fomc Methodical dirci^io how to cenfure 
 Fabriqucs alrcadic raifcd : for indeed 
 without fomc way to contrad our 
 Judgement:, which among (b many par- 
 ticulars would bee loft by dilFufion j I 
 fliould thinke it ahuofl: harder to be a 
 good Cenfurery then a good hrch'tteSli 
 Becaufe the "forking part may be helped 
 with Deliberationy but the Judging muft 
 flow from an extemporaHhabite, Ther- 
 fore, (not to leauc this laft Viece with- 
 out fomc Light) I could wifh him that 
 commcth to examine any noble Worky 
 firft of all to examine himfelfe, whe- 
 ther perchance thc^i^ of many brauc 
 things before (which remaine like im- 
 preffed formes) haue not made him 
 apt to thinke nothing good^ but that 
 which is the heU-y for this hnmour wefc 
 too (bwrc. Next, before hcc come to 
 fettle any imaginable opinion, let him 
 by all mcancs fcckc to informc him- 
 P z felfc 
 
Ii6 Thetlements 
 
 fdfc prccifcly, of the ^ge of the Worh 
 Vpon which hec muft pafle his Doome. 
 And if hee fhall findc the apparent de- 
 cay es to exceed the proportion ofTme-^ 
 then let him conclude without farther 
 inquifition, as an abfolute Decree, 
 that either thQMaterials were too/lioht, 
 or the Seate is nought . Now, after 
 theft premiflcs, if the Houfe be found 
 tobeare Ins y cores well, (which isal- 
 wayes a token of found conftitution) 
 Then let him fuddenly runne backe- 
 wardes, (for the Methods of cen/uring is 
 contrary to the Methode of compofing} 
 from the Ornaments (which firft allure 
 the Eye) to the more elTentiallMfwi^j, 
 tillatlaft hee be able to forme this Cm- 
 clu/ion, that the Worke is Commodioii^^ 
 Firme, and Delightfully which (as I /aid 
 in the beginniiig) are the three capitall 
 (Conditions required in good Sttildings, 
 % all Authors both Ancient and Mo* 
 dcrnc. And this is, as I may tearme it 
 ^c mod Scientific^ wzy of Cenfurlng. 
 
 There, 
 
of ArchiteBure. 117 
 There arc two other which I muft not 
 forget. The firft in Georgio 'IMjJari^ 
 before his laborious Worke of the liues 
 of AnhktHi, which is topafTe a run- 
 ning examination oucr the whole £- 
 difice, according to the properties of a 
 •^ell p?apen Man* As v^hethcr the Wals 
 ftand vpdght vpon cleanc footing and 
 Foundation ; whet her the Fabrique bee 
 ofabcautifull Sf^^wre, whether for the 
 breadth it appeare well hurni/hed, whe* 
 thcr the principall Entrance be on the 
 middle Line of the Front or Face, like 
 our MoutheSj whether the WindoweSy as 
 ourEjf^^bcfet in equall number and 
 diftance on both fides, whether the 
 Offices like the Feines in our Bodies, be 
 vlcfully diflributed, and fb forth. For 
 this Allegorical! rcvkw may bedriuen as 
 farrcas any IFZ/j willjthatisatleafurc. • 
 The fccond way,is in Vitrmiii^ him- 
 felfe, I'ib^ I . cap.z. where hee (iimmarily 
 determineth fix Qonfiderations^ which 
 accomplifli this whole ^rt 
 
 P 3 Ordi- 
 
ii8 T*he Elements 
 
 Ordinatio, 
 
 Di/jfofith, 
 
 Eurythmia, 
 
 Symmetria, 
 
 Decor, and 
 
 Diftributio* 
 Whereof (in my conceit) wccmay 
 fpare him the firft two; for as farrc as 
 1 can pcrceiue,cither by his Incerpre- 
 Urs^othy his own Tcxt{^h\ch. in that 
 Very p]acc,whcrc perchance he ftiould 
 be cleareft, is of ail other the ClowdieU) 
 hce mcaneth nothing by Ordination, 
 but a well fetlingof the ModeUov Scale 
 of the whole Wotke, Nor by Vijpo/t" 
 tion, more then a neate and full expref 
 fion of the firft Idea or Dejignement 
 thereof^ which perchance doc more 
 belong to the Artificer, then to the 
 ^en/urer. The other fourc are enough 
 to condemnc, or abfblue any Fabrique 
 whatfoeuer. Whereof Eurythmia is 
 that agreeable Harmony, bctwccne the 
 breadth, length, and height of all the 
 
 Roomcs 
 
oj Arcmtecture. up 
 
 Roomcs of the Fahique, which fud- 
 dcnly where it is taketh cucry behol- 
 der ^ by the (ccrct power of Proportion : 
 wherein let meeoncly note this, That 
 though the Icaft error or offence that 
 can be committed againft fight, is ex- 
 ccflc of height^ yet that fault is no 
 where of (mall importance, bccaufe it 
 is the greateft offence againft the 
 Purfc. 
 
 Symmetria is the conueniencie that 
 runneth betweenc the Parts and the 
 Whole, whereof I haue formerly fpo- 
 ken. 
 
 Dec9r is the keeping of a due 5^^- 
 f^eEi betweenc the Inhabitant, and the 
 Hahitation, W hence TaUadiitd did con- 
 clude, that theprincipall£«rr/*«c^was 
 neuer to be regulated by any certainc 
 Vimenfions ; but by the dignity of the 
 Mafler ; yet to excecde rather, in the 
 more, then in the lejfe, is a marke of 
 Generofity i^nd may al wayes be cxcufcd 
 with fomc noble Emblemed or Infcripti- 
 
 on^ 
 
no Ihetlements 
 
 ow, as that of the Qontc di "Beuilacqna, <> 
 ucr his large Gate ac Verona^ where per- 
 chance had bccnc commitccJ a httlc 
 Difproportion. 
 
 Patet lanm : Cor magU, 
 
 And heere hkcwifc I muft remem- 
 ber our euer memorable Sir fb'tlip Sid- 
 ney ^ (whofe Wtt was in truth the very 
 rule of Congruity) who well knowing 
 that Bcfilius (as hee had painted the 
 State of his Minde) did raeher want 
 feme extraordinary Formes to enter- 
 tain e his Fancky then roome for Courtis 
 ers\ was contented to place him in a 
 Star-like Lodge; which otherwifc in 
 feuere Judgement of j^rt had beene an 
 incommodious Figure. 
 
 Dlftr'tbutio is that vfefu'l Cafling of 
 all Roomes for Officey Entertaincmenty 
 or Vleafure^ which I haue handled be- 
 fore at more length, then any other 
 Piece. 
 
 Thcfc are the Fourc Heads which 
 cucry man (hould runnc ouer, before 
 
 hcc 
 
oj Arcmteaure. m 
 
 hec pafle any determinate C^w/«rtf, vp- 
 on the Works that he flial view,whcrc- 
 with I will clofc this laft part, touch- 
 ing Orw^wirw^j. Againft which fmcc 
 thinkcs) I hearc an ObieSlion^cucn from 
 fomc well-meaning man^ That thefc 
 delightful! CrafteSytn^y be diuers wayes 
 ill applied in a Land. I muft confeflc 
 indcede , there may bee a Lafciuious^ 
 and there may be likewifc zfuperftitious 
 vfcjboth ofTiBure and of Sculpture: 
 To which poflibility of mifipplicati- 
 on , not onely thefe Semi'libemO Arts 
 arefubied j but cuenthe higheftper- 
 fcdiionSy^viAendo'wnents oilJiature, As 
 Seautie in a light woman. Eloquence^ 
 in a mutinous Man , ^[elution in an 
 Aflafinatc, Prudent obferuation of 
 houres & humours, in a corrupt Cour- 
 tier , Sharpeneffe of wit and argument 
 in a (educing SchoUer ; and the like. 
 Nay, finally let mce aske, what Art 
 can be more pernicious, then cucn 
 Religion it felfc, if itfclfc be con- 
 
 Q^ ucncd 
 
Ill ^lotiziemems'' 
 
 Uicrtcd into an Inftrument of Art : 
 Therefore , Ab abuti ad mnrvt'h negatur 
 cmfcquentk^ 
 
 Thushauing ftitchcd in fome fort 
 together , thefe Animadnerfions , tpu- 
 ching jirchiteElurta , and the Orna- 
 ments thereof; I now fccle that con- 
 templatlue fpirits are as reftleflc as ^ 
 Elmt-y for doubting with my felfc, (as 
 all weakeneilc is iealous ) that I may be 
 thought to hauefpcnt my pooreob^ 
 ftruation abroad, about nothing but 
 Stone and Timber^and fuch Rubbage; 
 I am thereby led into an immodeftie 
 of proclaiming another Worke, which 
 Ihaue longdcuoted to the feruiceof 
 my Countrey : Namely , A Thilofophi- 
 caU Suruey ofEducatio^^v^hich is indeed^ 
 afccond ®«iW/fg, or repairing of Na- 
 ture, and,as I may tearme it, a kinde of 
 MoraB ArchiteBwtc^ ^ whereof fuch 
 Notes as Ihauc taken in my forcignc 
 
 trani^ 
 
of ArchiteBure. iij 
 
 ttanfcurfions or abodes, I hope to vc- 
 
 tcr without publikc offence , though 
 
 ftill with the frccdomc of a plainc I^n- 
 
 tijh man. In the meanc while I hauc 
 
 let thefc other Gleanings flic a- 
 
 broad, hkcthc Bird out of the 
 
 Arke , to difcouer what foo- 
 
 tifig may bee, for that 
 
 which ftiall 
 
 follow. 
 
 FINIS. 
 
 Errata. 
 
 Ta^6JiH,i.fer as, rtaJ* is. Ta^.^t. tin.x.for cuncatia, tiait 
 cuneatina. Pa_^.77. ^'w.^./wCwOjrf^iiCwho. TagSo.hn.^.fw 
 wifely, rM</«wiftu TagMJin.if. omitted in the Margin the 
 verfes foUowing,touching thecoincidenceofettreame affedi* 
 onsjreprefented by Homer in the perfon of H«^«m wife 5 a$ 
 Painters and Poets hauealwaies had a kind of congeniality. 
 I A I A A. {. 
 
 n«^' iiiij i'/' e/g^ pv funm^ti ji^u-n K«\irm 
 
 Aw^'Mir 7«x«^«iC«<. ■— That iSf 
 
 Sbee tooke her Tonne into bcr armes, wee- 
 fingly laughing. . 
 
3\ t M-b 
 
 ms. 
 
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