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Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
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 https://archive.org/details/menofmarkgallery01lock 
 
MEN OF MARK 
 
 6f men distinguished in the senate, the church, in science, 
 
 LITERATURE AND ART, THE ARMY, NAVY, 
 
 LAW, MEDICINE, ETC. 
 
 PHOTOGRAPHED FROM LIFE BY LOCK AND WHITFIELD, 
 
 WITH BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES BY 
 THOMPSON COOPER, F.S.A. 
 
 SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON, SEARLE, AND RIVINGTON, 
 
 A GALLERY OF CONTEMPORARY 
 
 PORTRAI 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 CROWN BUILDINGS, 1 88 , FLEET STREET. 
 
 1876. 
 
CHISWICK PRESS:— C. WHITTINGHAM, TOOKS COURT, 
 
 CHANCERY LANE. 
 
PR E FACE. 
 
 O bring, by means of photography, the characteristic expres- 
 sions of our great men under the observation of all, at 
 whatever distance socially or geographically they may be, 
 and to render familiar the outline of their career by 
 reliable biographical sketches, has been my aim in the promotion of this 
 work. 
 
 The photographs, taken from life, expressly for this publication, are 
 produced in an absolutely permanent form by means of the Woodbury 
 Process. 
 
 Whilst modifying on the one hand the crudeness which more or less is 
 inseparable from the camera image, and correcting the untruthful rendering 
 of colour which occasionally occurs, I have endeavoured on the other to 
 retain the character and individuality of each subject. 
 
 From the promises of assistance constantly received from the most 
 eminent men in every path of life (and for which I take this opportunity of 
 returning my grateful acknowledgments), a succession of volumes may with 
 confidence be looked for, for many years to come, and no effort on my part 
 shall be wanting to make them at least equal to the present one. 
 
 George C. Whitfield. 
 
 178, Regent Street, London, 
 Christmas, 1876. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF kVL% (Frontispiece). 
 
 HE Right Hon. the Earl of Dufferin . 
 
 Sir Edward Shepherd Creasy, M.A. 
 
 Sir Richard Baggallay 
 
 Captain Richard Burton 
 
 The Right Hon. Spencer Walpole, M.P 
 
 Sir Michael Hicks-Beach, Bart., M.P 
 
 The Right Hon. Lord Lytton 
 
 The Right Hon. John W. Huddleston 
 
 Samuel Plimsoll, Esq., M.P. ........ 
 
 Sir Garnet Wolseley, K.C.B. . 
 
 The Bishop of London , 
 
 The Right Hon. Lord Talbot de Malahide 
 
 The Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster 
 
 James Anthony Froude, Esq 
 
 Professor Fawcett, M.P 
 
 The Right Hon. Lord Chelmsford 
 
 The Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol 
 
 The Right Hon. H. Bouverie Brand, M.P 
 
 J. E. Millais, Esq., R.A 
 
 The Rev. Canon Farrar, D.D 
 
 PAGE 
 
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CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Lord George Hamilton, M.P. . . 21 
 
 The Right Hon. Lord Selborne 22 
 
 The Right Hon. Sir Bartle Frere, Bart., K.C.B 23 
 
 Vice-Chancellor Sir C. Hall 24 
 
 . . The Bishop of Winchester 25 
 
 ^ PJ;re Hyacinthe 26 
 
 ^ Sir James Macnaghten Hogg, Bart., M.P., K.C.B 27 
 
 The Right Hon. the Earl of Shaftesbury 28 
 
 The Right Hon. Lord Redesdale 29 
 
 The Venerable Archdeacon Denison 30 
 
 The Right Hon. John Bright, M.P 31 
 
 Tlie Right Rev. Monsignor Capel, D.D 32 
 
 The Right Hon. Cowper-Temple, M.P 33 
 
 The Duke of Abercorn 34 
 
 , The Archbishop OF Canterbury 35 
 
 ^ W. H. Russell, Esq., LL.D 36 
 
I 
 
 f / 'i 
 
 THE EARL OF DUFFERIN, ^ 
 
 GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF CANADA. 
 
 HE Right Hon. Frederick Temple Blackwood, Earl of Dufferin, 
 
 K.C. B., K. P., only son of Price, fourth Baron Dufferin, by 
 Helen Selina, eldest daughter of the late Thomas Sheridan, 
 
 Esq., was born in June, 1826. From Eton School his lordship 
 was sent to Christ Church, Oxford, but he left the University without 
 graduating. In 1841 he succeeded to his father’s title, and for some years 
 he was a lord-in-waiting to the Queen, under Lord John Russell’s first 
 Administration, and again in 1854-58. Accompanied by a friend, he went 
 from Oxford to Ireland at the time^of the famine in 1846-47, and on his 
 return published an account of his experiences. In 1855 he was specially 
 attached to the mission undertaken by Lord John Russell to Vienna. In 
 1859 he made a yacht voyage to Iceland, a well-known narrative of 
 which expedition he published in the following year under the title of 
 “ Letters from High Latitudes.” He was sent to the East by Lord 
 Palmerston in i860 as British Commissioner in Syria, for the purpose 
 
 of prosecuting inquiries into the massacre of the Christians there, and 
 
 for his services on that occasion he was nominated on his return a 
 K.C. B. He was Under-Secretary of State for India from 1864 till 
 
 the early part of 1866, and Under-Secretary for War from the latter 
 
 date till the following June. On the advent of Mr. Gladstone to power 
 in December, 1868, he was nominated Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, 
 which office he held till April, 1872, when he was appointed Governor- 
 General of Canada, having previously, in 1871, been created an Earl of 
 the United Kingdom. The result has shown that the Government of the 
 day acted wisely in selecting Lord Dufferin for this exalted and responsible 
 position. His lordship has discharged the duties of the office with so 
 much firmness, judgment, and discretion, that he has greatly increased 
 his reputation, and has won general esteem throughout the Dominion. 
 
 In addition to the works mentioned above, the Earl of Dufferin has 
 written several works in light literature and some political pamphlets. 
 
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I 
 
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 I 
 
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 Ti:i: 
 
 EARL or DITLERIX. 
 
SIR EDWARD SHEPHERD CREASY, M.A. 
 
 LATE CHIEF JUSTICE OF CEYLON, 
 
 
 ROFESSOR of Jurisprudence In the four Inns of Court, eldest 
 son of the late Mr. Edward Hill Creasy, one of the founders 
 and original proprietors of the “ Brighton Gazette,” was born 
 at Bexley, Kent, Sept. 12, 1812, and educated until the age of 
 eleven at a private school at Brighton. Having then been 
 placed at Eton, he soon afterwards became a King’s scholar on the foundation. 
 In 1831 he obtained the Newcastle Scholarship, and proceeded to King’s 
 College, Cambridge, as a scholar of that Foundation. He was elected a fellow 
 of the same College in 1834. Called to the bar at Lincoln’s Inn in 1837, he 
 went the Home circuit for several years, and was afterwards appointed 
 Deputy-Assistant Judge at the Middlesex Sessions. He also held the 
 Professorship of History in University College, London, from 1849 to 
 1858. In i860 he received the honour of Knighthood on being appointed 
 Chief Justice of Ceylon, which high judicial post he held until 1875, when he 
 retired with a special pension. Sir Edward was, at the close of the same 
 year, appointed by the Council of Legal Education to the Professorship of 
 Jurisprudence and Roman Civil Law in the four Inns of Court, and was also 
 nominated one of the examiners in Constitutional Law in the University of 
 London. 
 
 Sir Edward Creasy has not only greatly distinguished himself as a 
 lawyer, he has also acquired a high reputation as an author. The earliest 
 productions of his pen were an “ Account of the Foundation of Eton College 
 “ Sub Rege Sacerdos,” a work containing comments on Bishop Hampden’s 
 case; “Text Book of the Constitution;” and “ Memoirs of Eminent 
 Etonians,” 1850. But the work which first brought his name prominently 
 before the public, and which alone would entitle him to a place amongst 
 “ Men of Mark,” was “ The Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World, from 
 Marathon to Waterloo,” published in 1851. It became so popular that it 
 has now gone through more than twenty editions. His later works 
 are : “ Rise and Progress of the English Constitution ;” “ History of 
 the Ottoman Turks ;” “ History of England from the earliest to the present 
 time,” vols. i. and ii., 1869-70, to be extended to 5 vols. ; “ The Old Love 
 and the New ; a Tale of Athens;” and “ The Imperial and Colonial Con- 
 stitutions of the British Empire including Indian Institutions.” 
 
 2 
 


 ■ :KRD CREASY. 
 
THE RIGHT HON, 
 
 SIR RICHARD BAGGALLAY, 
 
 JUDGE OF THE SUPREME COURT OF APPEAL, 
 
 S the eldest son of the late Richard Baggallay, Esq., J. P., of 
 Kingthorpe House, Upper Tooting, Surrey, by Ann, daughter 
 of the late Owen Harden, Esq., and was born at Stockwell, 
 Surrey, 13 May, 1816. He received his academical education 
 at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, where he graduated B. A. in 
 1839, as fourteenth wrangler. The attainment of so high a place in the 
 mathematical tripos led to his being elected a Eranklin Eellow of his 
 college. He proceeded to the degree of M.A. in 1842, and in the follow- 
 ing year he was called to the bar at Lincoln’s Inn. Having acquired an ex- 
 tensive practice at the Equity bar, he was in 1861 appointed one of Her 
 Majesty’s Counsel. For several years he was counsel to the University of 
 Cambridge. He also became a bencher of his Inn, and a magistrate for the 
 county of Surrey. At the general election of July, 1865, he was returned to 
 the House of Commons as one of the members for the borough of Hereford, 
 in the Conservative interest, though he declared himself in favour of extend- 
 ing the franchise to those whose position and intelligence afforded a sufficient 
 guarantee for its proper exercise. He held for a short time the post of So- 
 licitor General under the Administration of Mr. Disraeli, viz., from September 
 to December, 1868, when he received the honour of knighthood. Sir Richard 
 was an unsuccessful candidate for the representation of Hereford at the 
 general election of December, 1868, and he remained out of Parliament till 
 October, 1870, when he was chosen member for Mid-Surrey. At the 
 general election of February, 1874, he was again returned by the same 
 constituency, and two months later he succeeded Sir John Karslake as 
 Attorney-General under Mr. Disraeli’s Administration. On the Judicature 
 Act coming into operation in November, i875> Sir Richard Baggallay was 
 nominated one of the Judges of the Court of Appeal and a member of the 
 Privy Council. 
 
a:’^' bagual 
 
CAPTAIN RICHARD BURTON,-' 
 
 NE of the most celebrated travellers of our time, is son of 
 Lieut. -Col. Burton of Tuam, and was born in Norfolk, in 
 1821. Intended originally for the Church, he studied for 
 a short time at Oxford; but quitted the University, at the 
 age of twenty-one, to enter the Indian army. For several 
 years he served in Sindh, on the staff of Sir Charles Napier. There 
 he applied himself to the study of the Oriental languages, especially Arabic, 
 of which he is a complete master. At the present time it is said he can 
 speak twenty-nine languages, not counting dialects. 
 
 His linguistic skill, united with a rare aptitude for assuming the 
 character of an Oriental, enabled him to live with the Moslems as one 
 of themselves, and led to the success of his daring expedition to Mecca 
 and Medina, undertaken in 1853 in the garb of a Dervish. His next 
 expedition was to Somali-land in East Africa ; he succeeded in reaching 
 Haraq the ancient metropolis of the Hadyah Empire, and explored districts 
 previously unknown to geographers. This journey had, however, a 
 disastrous termination. Surprised by the natives, Capt. Burton and his 
 companion Capt. Speke were severely wounded, another comrade, Lieut. 
 
 Stroyan, being killed. The sabre-cuts and shot-wounds so plainly visible 
 in the accompanying portrait of Capt. Burton, testify to the numerous 
 desperate encounters in which he has been engaged. 
 
 During the war in the Crimea Capt. Burton was actively employed 
 as chief of the staff to Gen. Beatson. In 1856 he set out for his memor- 
 able explorations of the lake regions of Central Africa, again accompanied 
 by Speke. In this journey, which extended over three years, the great 
 Lake of Tanganyika was discovered. In i860 Capt. Burton visited 
 the United States, spent six weeks with Brigham Young in Salt Lake 
 City, and brought back the 'first trustworthy account of the “ Latter Day 
 Saints.” The next year he was appointed Consul at Fernando Po. 
 
 During his three years’ tenure of this office he thoroughly explored from 
 Bathurst, on the Gambia, down to San Paulo de Loanda in Angola, marched 
 up to Abeokuta, and ascended the Cameroon Mountains ; he likewise • 
 undertook a dangerous mission to the King of Dahomey. Capt. Burton ^ 
 was next transferred to Santos, in Sao Paulo (Brazil), where he acted 
 as Consul for four years. Canoeing down the river Sao Francisco 
 1,500 miles, he visited the Argentine Republic, and the rivers La Plata 
 and Paraguay, for the purpose of reporting to Her Majesty’s Government 
 the state of the Paraguayan war. He crossed the Pampas and the Andes 
 
 to Chili and Peru, and visited all the Pacific coast. On his return to * .> 
 
 London he found himself appointed Consul at Damascus ; and in September, 
 
 1872, was nominated British Consul at Trieste. 
 
 4 
 
I 
 
 I 
 
 
THE RIGHT HON. 
 
 SPENCER HORATIO WALPOLE, M. P 
 
 the second son of Thomas Walpole, Esq., of Stagbury, in 
 Surrey, by Lady Margaret Perceval, youngest daughter of 
 John, second Earl of Egmont. He is consequently related by 
 blood to two celebrated Prime Ministers of England ; Sir 
 Robert Walpole, who was first Lord of the Treasury and 
 Chancellor of the Exchequer, in the reigns of George I. and George II., 
 and the Right Hon. Spencer Perceval, who filled the same offices, and fell 
 by the hand of the assassin Bellingham, in the reign of George III. 
 
 Mr. Walpole was born September ii, 1806, and he received his earlier 
 education at Eton, completing his academical studies with more than 
 ordinary distinction as a member of Trinity College, Cambridge. Here 
 he carried off the first declamation prize — a success significant of his more 
 important after-triumphs in the Parliamentary arena at Westminster ; and he 
 also obtained the prize awarded for the best essay on “ the Character and 
 Conduct of King William III.” He graduated B. A. In 1828; M. A. in 
 1831. In the latter year he was called to the bar; and in 1846 was 
 appointed by Lord Lyndhurst one of Her Majesty’s Counsel, and became 
 a Bencher of the Honourable Society of Lincoln’s Inn. In the same year 
 he was elected M. P. for Midhurst in the Conservative interest. His 
 speeches upon the admission of the Jews into Parliament, upon the repeal 
 of the Navigation Laws, and upon the Ecclesiastical Titles Bill, drew upon 
 him the marked and favourable attention of the House ; which is invariably 
 accorded to him whenever he addresses it. In February, 1852, he accepted 
 the office of Home Secretary in Lord Derby’s first administration. During 
 his tenure of that office, he carried through the Lower House the present 
 Militia Law, based on the principle of voluntary enlistment. After leaving 
 office, Mr. Walpole became Chairman for a short time of the Great 
 Western Railway. Early in 1856, he was enthusiastically returned as 
 M. P. for. the University of Cambridge, ever since which time he has 
 continued to represent his Alma Mater In the House of Commons. Mr. 
 Walpole again held the seals of the Home Office in 1858, but resigned 
 in February, 1859, in consequence of his dissatisfaction with the Government 
 Reform Bill of that year. He was once more appointed Home Secretary 
 under Lord Derby’s third administration in 1866, and resigned May 9, 1867, 
 retaining a seat in the Cabinet without office. Mr. Walpole has been 
 twice a Church Estate Commissioner, and he has been also for several 
 years an elected Trustee of the British Museum, the estimates for which 
 are annually moved by him. In 1853, the University of Oxford created 
 him D. C. L. honoris catisd ; and in i860 the honorary degree of LL. D. 
 was conferred upon him by his own University of Cambridge. 
 
 5 
 
;^TIO WALPOLE. 
 
 THE RIGHT HON. SPENCER 
 
SIR MICHAEL HICKS-BEACH, 
 
 CHIEF SECRETARY FOR IRELAND. ^ 
 
 HE Right Hon. Sir Michael Edward Hicks-Beach, Bart., M.P., 
 was born in Portugal Street, London, in 1837, being the eldest 
 son of the late Sir Michael Hicks Hicks-Beach, some time 
 M.P. for East Gloucestershire, by Harriett Vittoria, daughter 
 of John Stratton, Esq., of Farthingoe Lodge, Northamptonshire. After a 
 preliminary training at Eton, he was sent to complete his education in the 
 University of Oxford, where he proceeded as a member of Christ Church 
 to the degree of B.A. in 1858, being placed in the first class of Law and 
 Modern History. He graduated M.A., after the usual interval, in 1861. In 
 July, 1864, he was elected M.P. for East Gloucestershire, which constituency 
 he has continued to represent in the Conservative interest, down to the 
 present time. He was Parliamentary Secretary to the Poor Law Board 
 from February till December, 1868, with the exception of a few weeks, during 
 which he was Under-Secretary for the Home Department. He also served 
 as a member of the Royal Commission on Friendly Societies. When the 
 Conservatives again came into power after the memorable general election 
 of February, 1874, Sir Michael Hicks-Beach was nominated, on the recom- 
 mendation of Mr. Disraeli, to the highly responsible and difficult office of 
 Chief Secretary for Ireland. Subsequent experience has fully shown that 
 the Premier was not mistaken in his estimate of Sir Michael’s talents, for 
 the Conservative Chief Secretary displayed such tact and moderation in the 
 H ouse of Commons as to extort compliments even from several of the 
 Home Rule members, at the close of the protracted debates on the Irish 
 Coercion Acts in the Session of 1875. 
 
 6 
 
SIR MICHAEL HICKS -BEACH 
 
CJL // 
 
 LORD LYTTON, 
 
 VICEROY OF INDIA, 
 
 HE Right Hon. Edward Robert Bulwer-Lytton, Lord Lytton, 
 only son of the first Lord Lytton, the illustrious author, orator, 
 and statesman, was born 8th November, 1831. He was 
 educated at Harrow and under private tuition, and studied 
 modern languages at Bonn. Before he had quite reached the 
 age of eighteen he was appointed attache and private secretary to his uncle. 
 Sir Henry Bulwer (afterwards Lord Dalling), who was then British Minister 
 at Washington. In 1852 he was transferred to the legation at Florence, 
 and afterwards to the embassy at Paris, from which he was promoted shortly 
 after the peace of 1856 to be paid attache at the Hague. In i860 he 
 was appointed first paid attache to the embassy at Vienna, and in 1863 
 Secretary of Legation at Copenhagen. Thence he was removed to Athens, 
 and from Athens he was transferred in succession to Lisbon, Madrid, and 
 Vienna, where he was Secretary of the Embassy. At the close of the year 
 1872 he was transferred to Paris, and in January, 1873, on his distinguished 
 father’s death, he succeeded to the title as the second Lord Lytton. In 
 December, 1874, he was nominated Her Majesty’s Ambassador to the Court 
 of Lisbon, and his lordship was shortly afterwards offered, but declined, the 
 Governorship of Madras. On the resignation of Lord Northbrook, officially 
 announced on January 5th, 1876, Lord Lytton was selected to fill the exalted 
 position of Viceroy of India. In the world of letters Lord Lytton achieved 
 distinction at a very early age, under the nom de plume of “ Owen Meredith,” 
 His first work, “ Clytemnestra, and other Poems,” a production which proved 
 the inheritance of literary genius, appeared in 1855; “The Wanderer; a 
 Collection of Poems in Many Lands,” exhibiting much graceful fancy and 
 facility of versification, followed in 1859 ; a novel, in verse, entitled “ Lucille,” 
 in i860; a collection of the national songs of Servia, in 1861 ; and, also in 
 1861, “ Tannhauser, or the Battle of the Bards,” written in conjunction with 
 his friend, the Hon. Julian Fane, whose biography he afterwards published. 
 His lordship’s more recent publications comprise “ The Ring of Amasis;” a 
 collection of the “Poetical Works of Owen Meredith;” “Chronicles and 
 Characters:” “ Orval, or the Fool of Time,” a dramatic poem dramatized 
 from the Polish ; “ Fables in Song; ” and the “Speeches of his Father, with 
 some of his Political Writings, hitherto unpublished, and prefatory Memoir.” 
 His lordship married, in 1864, Edith, second daughter of the Hon. Edward 
 Villiers, and niece of the late Earl of Clarendon. 
 
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 THE HON. 
 
 SIR JOHN WALTER HUDDLESTON, /S^o 
 
 BARON OF THE EXCHEQUER, 
 
 AS born in 1817 at Dublin, being the youngest son of the late 
 Thomas Huddleston, Esq., and his wife Alethea, daughter of 
 the late Henry Hitchens, Esq., of St. Ives, Cornwall. He 
 studied for a time at Trinity College in his native city, but left 
 the University without a degree. Having chosen the law as a 
 profession, he was in 1839 called to the bar at Gray’s Inn. His eloquence, 
 earnestness, and tact quickly raised him to a prominent position. 
 
 During his career as an advocate Mr. Huddleston was retained in almost 
 1 every case of importance on the Oxford circuit, of which in course of time 
 [ he became the acknowledged leader. He gradually acquired an exten- 
 
 I sive leading practice in the Superior Courts at Westminster Hall and Guild- 
 hall, at the Central Criminal Court, and at the Middlesex Sessions. Mr. 
 
 Huddleston’s success in his profession led to his appointment in 1857 as one 
 of Her Majesty’s Counsel, on the recommendation of Lord Chancellor Cran- 
 worth. On the death of Mr. Phinn, Q.C., in 1865, he was nominated Judge 
 Advocate of the Eleet and Counsel to the Admiralty. Mr. Huddleston was 
 also elected a bencher of his Inn; he twice served as treasurer of that 
 honourable society ; and he was a member of the Council of Legal Educa- 
 tion. In his attempts to enter the House of Commons in the Conservative 
 interest, Mr. Huddleston was unsuccessful at Worcester in 1852, at Shrews- 
 bury in 1857, and at Kidderminster in 1859 and 1861. In 1865, however, he 
 was elected for Canterbury, and he represented that city for three years, being 
 defeated at the general election of 1 868. While he represented this constitu- 
 ency he brought forward the Hop (Prevention of Frauds) Bill, which passed 
 both Houses, and became a statute of the realm. At the election for Nor- 
 wich in July, 1870, Mr. Huddleston was the unsuccessful candidate, but at 
 the general election of February, 1874, he was more fortunate, being elected 
 M.P. for that city by a majority of forty-seven votes over his former anta- 
 gonist, Mr. Tillett. Mr. Huddleston continued to represent that borough 
 until February 22nd, 1875, when, on the resignation of Mr. Justice Hony- 
 man, he was appointed by the Crown, on the recommendation of Lord 
 [ Chancellor Cairns, to the puisne judgeship of the Court of Common Pleas. 
 
 On this occasion he received the honour of knighthood. He sat in the 
 I Common Pleas but a short time, however, for in May, 1875; on the death of 
 
 I Sir Gillery Pigott, his old companion and co-leader of the Oxford circuit, he 
 
 was nominated one of the Barons of the Court of Exchequer. Sir John 
 , married on i8th December, 1872, the Lady Diana De Vere Beauclerk, 
 i daughter of the eighth Duke of St. Albans. 
 
 8 
 
8 ^ 
 
SAMUEL P L I M S O L L, M. P„ 
 
 “THE SAILOR'S FRIEND,” 
 
 S the son of Mr. Thomas Plimsoll, of Plymouth, and afterwards 
 of Sheffield, by Priscilla, daughter of Mr. Josias Willing, of 
 Plymstock, Devon. He was born at Bristol in the year 1824, 
 and educated privately under Dr. S. Eadon. Mr. Plimsoll 
 is emphatically a self-made man, and his poverty and pain- 
 ful experiences at the commencement of his career led him to sympathize 
 sincerely with the labouring classes. “ I have had,” he says, “ to make 
 ys. g^d. (3A of which I paid for my lodging) last me a whole week, and 
 did it.” Afterwards he successfully carried on business as a coal merchant, 
 and he is the author of pamphlets on the “ Export Coal Trade of 
 England” and “The Inland Coal Trade,” 1862. He acted as one of the 
 Honorary Secretaries of the Great Exhibition of 1851. Mr. Plimsoll 
 unsuccessfully contested Derby at the general election of 1865, but he was 
 returned for that borough in December, 1 868, and has since then continued 
 to be one of its representatives in the House of Commons. An advanced 
 Liberal, he voted for the disestablishment of the Church in Ireland in 
 1869. It was not until the year 1873 that Mr. Plimsoll came prominently 
 before the public, when he startled the country by the publication of a 
 work entitled “ Our Seamen — an Appeal,” in which he showed that a 
 large proportion of the hardy mariners in our merchant service who 
 perished at sea lost their lives from preventible causes, such as overloading, 
 deck cargoes, and vessels being sent out in an unseaworthy condition. 
 
 From that time to the present Mr. Plimsoll has devoted his whole 
 energies, both in and out of Parliament, to the improvement of the Mer- 
 chant Shipping Laws. Owing to his indefatigable zeal in agitating the 
 question, a Royal Commission was appointed to inquire into the subject, 
 the result being that Sir C. Adderley, on the part of Her Majesty’s Govern- 
 ment, introduced a Merchant Shipping Bill in 1875. Towards the close 
 of the session, however, on the 22nd of July, Mr. Disraeli announced in 
 the House of Commons that the Government had resolved to withdraw 
 this measure. The result of this declaration was to excite the already over- 
 wrought feelings of Mr. Plimsoll beyond control, and lead him to denounce 
 certain Members of the House ; for this he afterwards made an ample 
 apology. The effect of this scene, however, was to call the attention of the 
 country very pointedly to the abandonment of the Bill. Meetings were 
 held all over the country, and the result was that the Government introduced 
 a temporary measure, which was passed through both houses. Since then 
 Mr. Plimsoll has visited the seaports in the Baltic and other parts of Europe, 
 in order to see that the provisions of the Act were duly complied with. 
 
 9 
 

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 I 
 
SIR GARNET JOSEPH WOLSELEY, 
 
 K.C.B, G.C.M.G, MAJOR-GENERAL, 
 
 NE of the most distinguished military commanders of our time, 
 was born on June 4, 1833, at Golden Bridge House, near 
 Dublin. He is a son of Major Wolseley of the 25th Regiment, 
 and belongs to the Wolseley family, of Wolseley Hall, near 
 Rugeley, Staffordshire. He entered the army in March, 1852, 
 and served with much distinction in the Burmese and Crimean campaigns, 
 in both of which he was severely wounded. For his services in Burmah he 
 was rewarded with a medal, and at the close of the war with Russia he 
 received English, French, and Turkish medals and orders. On the outbreak 
 of the Mutiny he was summoned to India, and he served in the field under 
 Sir James Outram and Sir Hope Grant throughout the campaign in which 
 Bengal was reconquered. In 1859 he attained the rank of lieutenant-colonel. 
 In i860 he served on the staff of the Quartermaster-General throughout the 
 Chinese campaign, and gained the full rank of colonel in June, 1865. He 
 went to- Canada as Deputy Quartermaster-General in 1867, and he was 
 selected to command the expedition sent to suppress the rebellion at the 
 Red River in 1870. The British force soon accomplished the task assigned 
 to it, and did not lose a single man. For this service he was made a Knight 
 Commander of the Order of St. Michael and St. George. Subsequently Sir 
 Garnet Wolseley held the appointment of Assistant Adjutant-General to the 
 Commander-in-Chief at the Horse Guards. When, in 1873, the Ashantee war 
 broke out, Sir Garnet Wolseley was nominated to the supreme command, both 
 civil and military, of our possessions on the Gold Coast. On September 12, 
 1873, Sir Garnet embarked at Liverpool for the West Coast of Africa, and 
 under his vigorous leadership the war was brought to a successful ter- 
 mination -in February, 1874. For his energetic and gallant conduct in the 
 prosecution of this war he was honoured with the thanks of Parliament and 
 a grant of ^25,000; was created a Knight Commander of the Order of the 
 Bath ; and was presented with the freedom of the City of London and a 
 splendid sword of the value of 100 guineas. In 1874 he was apjDointed to 
 the command of the auxiliary forces, and at the commencerrient of the follow- 
 ing year he was sent to Natal to administer the government of that colony, 
 and to advise upon several important points connected with the management 
 of native affairs. He returned to England in October, 1875. Sir Garnet 
 Wolseley is the author of a work, very popular in the service, entitled “ The 
 Soldier’s Pocket Book for Field Service;” of a “Narrative of the War with 
 China;” and of an essay on “ The System of Field Manoeuvres best adapted 
 for enabling our Troops to meet a Continental Army.” 
 
 10 
 

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 THE RIGHT REV. JOHN JACKSON, D.D., 
 
 LORD BISHOP OF LONDON, 
 
 son of the late Henry Jackson, Esq., merchant, formerly of 
 Henley-on-Thames, and latterly of Mansfield, in North- 
 amptonshire. He was born in London, February 22, 1811, 
 and received his early education at Reading Grammar School 
 under the late Dr. Valpy. From thence he proceeded to 
 Pembroke College, Oxford, where he graduated as B. A. in 1833. He won 
 at the University first-class honours in the school of Liter cb H^lmaniores^ 
 where his name stands side by side with those of the late Lord Canning, 
 Mr. Robert Lowe, Dean Liddell, and Dr. Scott, Master of Balliol College. 
 In 1834 he gained the Ellerton prize for an English theological essay on 
 “ The Sanctifying Influence of the Holy Ghost indispensable to Human 
 Salvation.” Two years later he was chosen head-master of the Proprietary 
 Grammar School at Islington, in connection with King’s College, London. 
 This post he held, discharging its duties most efficiently, in conjunction with 
 those of the incumbency of St. James’s, Muswell Hill, in the parish of 
 Hornsey, until 1846, when he was appointed rector of St. James’s, Picca- 
 dilly, by Dr. Blomfield, then Bishop of London. In 1847 he was appointed 
 one of the Chaplains in Ordinary to the Queen. He became a Canon of 
 Bristol in 1852 ; was a Select Preacher before the University of Oxford in 
 1845, ^850, 1862, and 1866; and preached the Boyle Lectures in London 
 in 1853. In the last-mentioned year, on the death of Dr. John Kaye, he 
 was nominated by the Earl of Aberdeen to the see of Lincoln. The day 
 preceding his consecration an address, signed by a large number of noble- 
 men and gentlemen of all political parties, together with a service of plate, 
 worth nearly £']00, was presented to Dr. Jackson. On January 4, 1869, he 
 was translated to the see of London in succession to Dr. Tait, who had 
 been raised to the Primacy. In his official character the Bishop of London 
 is one of Her Majesty’s Most Honourable Privy Council, Dean of Her 
 Majesty’s Chapel Royal, a Trustee of the British Museum, and a Governor 
 of King’s College, London. His lordship is the author of several courses of 
 sermons preached before the U niversity of Oxford ; and of a volume entitled 
 “ The Sinfulness of Little Sins,” which has had a very wide circulation. 
 
 1 1 
 
LORD TALBOT DE MALAHIDE, 
 
 PRESIDENT OF THE ROYAL ARCHEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, 
 
 I 
 
 ERIVES his title from the castle and lordship of Malahide 
 on the sea-coast near Dublin, which have been possessed by 
 the family of Talbot from a period contemporary with the 
 first introduction of English government into Ireland. The 
 present peer, the Right Hon. James Talbot, Lord Malahide 
 of Malahide, in the peerage of Ireland, and Baron Talbot de Malahide in 
 that of the United Kingdom, is the eldest son of James, the third Baron, by 
 Ann Sarah, second daughter and co-heir of Samuel Rodbard, Esq., of 
 Evercreech House, Somersetshire. He was born at Tiverton, Devonshire, 
 November 22, 1805, and graduated at Cambridge B. A. in 1821, and 
 
 M.A. in 1825, as a member of Trinity College. On the death of his father, 
 in December, 1850, he succeeded to the Irish title, and six years later he 
 was created a Peer of the United Kingdom. He was a cordial supporter 
 of Lord Palmerston, during a portion of whose Administration he was one 
 of the lords in waiting to Her Majesty, His lordship has made the culti- 
 vation of literature and science the main occupation of his life, and it would 
 not be easy to enumerate all the societies of which he is a member, or to 
 give a complete list of his numerous inaugural addresses and papers pub- 
 lished in their “ Transactions.” Suffice it to say that he is a Fellow of the 
 Royal Society and of the Society of Antiquaries of London. He has been 
 President of the Royal Archaeological Institute of England and Ireland 
 since 1851, and of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society for 
 many years ; and he is a member of the Somersetshire and Sussex Archaeo- 
 logical Societies and of the Royal Archaeological and Historical Society of 
 Ireland, Lord Talbot has always been deeply interested in geological 
 science; has long been a Fellow of the Geological Society of London, and 
 for several years was President of the Geological Society of Dublin. In all 
 matters connected with agriculture he has taken a keen interest ; he has 
 filled the office of President of the Royal Agricultural Society ; for many 
 years, he was one of the most successful exhibitors at the shows in Kildare 
 Street, Dublin; and he was mainly instrumental in reviving the Fingal 
 Farming Society. As already stated, his lordship’s literary compositions 
 are scattered about in the publications of various learned societies, and we 
 have only space to specify his essay on “ Some Supposed Egyptian Remains 
 hitherto undiscovered in Upper Nubia” (1840); his address on “Public 
 Health” at the meeting of the Social Science Association in 1861; his 
 lecture on “ The Light Literature of Spain,” delivered in the College of 
 Science, Stephen’s Green, Dublin, in 1872 ; and his lecture on “ The Sacks 
 of Rome,” delivered in the Eternal City in March, J875. 
 
 12 
 
 
‘HIS EMINENCE 
 
 CARDINAL HENRY EDWARD MANNING, -- 
 
 ARCHBISHOP OF WESTMINSTER, e . 
 
 S youngest son of the late William Manning, Esq., for many 
 years M.P. for Evesham and Penrhyn, and formerly Governor 
 of the Bank of England. He was born at Totteridge, 
 Hertfordshire, July 15th, 1808. He was educated at Harrow, 
 and then proceeded to Balliol College, Oxford, where he 
 graduated B.A. in the first class of honours in 1830. He was subsequently 
 elected fellow of Merton College. Among his contemporaries and friends at 
 Oxford were Mr. Gladstone, Lord Herbert, Mr. (now Lord) Cardwell, and 
 Dr. Newman. During his undergraduate career he was one of the readiest 
 and ablest speakers in the Union Debating Society, and afterwards he 
 increased his reputation for eloquence by a series of sermons preached 
 before the University. In 1833 he became Rector of Woollavington and 
 Graffham, Sussex, and in 1840 Archdeacon of Chichester. In 1850 he 
 resigned his preferments, and was received into the Roman Communion on 
 April 6th in the following year. In due course he was admitted to the 
 Roman Catholic priesthood, and in 1857 he founded at Bayswater an 
 ecclesiastical congregation on the Rule of the Oblates of S. Charles 
 Borromeo. He was nominated a Prothonotary Apostolic and Domestic 
 Prelate to the Pope, and Provost of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of 
 Westminster. On the death of Cardinal Wiseman, Alorisignor Manning 
 was appointed to succeed him as Archbishop of Westminster, and was 
 consecrated at S. Mary’s, Moorfields, by Dr. Ullathorne, Bishop of Birming- 
 ham, on June 8th, 1865. (At that time S. Mary’s was the “ Pro-Cathedral ” 
 of the Archdiocese of Westminster, but in 1869 the archiepiscopal throne 
 was removed to a new church in Kensington.) He was created Cardinal 
 Priest of the Holy Roman Church, March 15th, 1875 ! the title assigned to 
 his Eminence being that of SS. Andrew and Gregory on the Coelian Hill. 
 
 Cardinal Manning has distinguished himself by the zeal and persistency 
 with which he has advocated, by word and writing, the claims and pre- 
 rogatives of the Roman Catholic Church, and the doctrines of his adopted 
 creed, but at the same time he has always shown a willingness to co-operate 
 in all movements to promote the social welfare of the people. 
 
 His works, which are very numerous, include several treatises in 
 support of the dogma of the infallibility of the Roman Pontiffs. 
 
 13 
 
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JAMES ANTHONY FROUDE, M.A., LL.D. 
 
 HISTORIAN, ^ Xo 
 
 ON of the late Venerable R. H. Fronde, Archdeacon of 
 Totnes, was born at the rectory of Dartington, Devonshire, 
 April 23rd, 1818. In 1836 he entered Oriel College, Oxford, 
 where he graduated in second class, classical honours in 1840. 
 Two years later he won the chancellor’s prize for an English 
 essay on “ The Influence of Political Economy on the Moral and Social 
 Welfare of a Nation;” and he was elected to a fellowship at Exeter 
 College. The obligation to take orders being then connected with the 
 tenure of a fellowship, Mr Froude was ordained deacon in 1844; but he 
 never undertook any clerical duty, and as soon as the alteration of the law 
 permitted he returned to his position as a layman. In 1847 he published 
 a volume of stories, entitled “The Shadows of the Clouds;” and in 
 1848, “ The Nemesis of Faith,” a well-written but gloomy book, the 
 tendency of which is to throw doubt on the usual theories of revealed 
 religion. On the appearance of this work, Mr. P'roude was invited to 
 resign his fellowship, and he was obliged to give up at the same time an 
 appointment which he had received to the mastership of a school in 
 Tasmania. In 1850 he began to contribute articles to the “Westminster 
 Review,” and to “Fraser’s Magazine;” and a collection of essays con- 
 tributed by him to various periodicals appeared in 1867 under the title of 
 “ Short Studies on Great Subjects.” His great work, the “ History of 
 England, from the fall of Wolsey to the defeat of the Spanish Armada,” 
 was published in twelve volumes between 1856 and 1870. The materials 
 for this history were mainly derived from the public documents of 
 the time ; and the boldness and originality of the author’s views 
 attracted much attention. One of its marked features is an elaborate 
 attempt to vindicate the reputation of Henry VI 1 1 . 
 
 Mr. Froude was installed Rector of the University of St. Andrew’s in 
 March, 1869, when the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him. In 1872 
 he went to America, where he delivered a series of lectures on the relations 
 * between England and Ireland. These lectures gave offence to the Irish 
 population, and a heated controversy arose between their champion, a 
 Dominican friar named Burke, and Mr. Froude. In 1874-75 Mr. Froude 
 visited the Cape of Good Hope to make inquiries, on behalf of her 
 Majesty’s Government, into the relations between the colony and the 
 independent republics. His latest work is entitled “ The English in Ireland 
 in the Eighteenth Century,” 3 vols., 1871-74. 
 
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JAMES AXTHOXY FROUDS, 
 

 
 
 
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HENRY FAWCETT, M.P., 
 
 PROFESSOR OF POLITICAL ECONOMY AT CAMBRIDGE, 
 
 ON of \V. Fawcett, Esq., J. P., of Salisbury, was b6rn in 1833, 
 and received his academical education at Trinity Hall, Cam- 
 bridge, of which he was a scholar. He graduated in high 
 mathematical honours in 1856, and was consequently elected a 
 fellow of the Society. Mr. Fawcett had thb misfortune to be 
 totally deprived of his sight by an accident when out shooting in September, 
 1858. In 1863 he was elected Professor of Political Economy in the 
 University of Cambridge. Mr. Fawcett’s first attempts to gain a seat in the 
 House of Commons were unsuccessful. He failed in his candidature for 
 Southwark in 1857, for the town of Cambridge in 1862, and for Brighton in 
 1864 ; but the last-named constituency chose him as one of their represen- 
 tatives at the general election of July, 1865, and again at the general election 
 of 1868. At the general election of February, 1874 — the first under the 
 system of vote by ballot — Mr. Fawcett lost his seat for Brighton. He did 
 not, however, long remain out of Parliament, being elected for Hackney 
 about two months afterwards. Mr. Fawcett belongs to the more extreme 
 section of the Liberal party who sit below the gangway. He is a frequent 
 speaker in the House of Commons, and has devoted particular attention to 
 questions of Indian finance. In the present session (1876) he has been one 
 of the principal opponents of the Royal Titles Bill. 
 
 As a writer he is best known by his “ Manual of Political Economy," 
 which, appearing first in 1863, has been enlarged in subsequent editions. 
 His other publications are “ Mr. Hare’s Reform Bill, simplified and 
 explained,” i860; “The Economic Position of the British Labourer,” 1865 ; 
 “Pauperism: its Causes and Remedies,” 1871; and “Speeches on some 
 current Political Questions,” 1873. Mr. Fawcett has also been an extensive 
 contributor of articles on economic and political science to various magazines 
 and reviews. He married in 1867, Millicent, daughter of Newson Garrett, 
 Esq., of Aldeburgh, Suffolk. In 1872, Mr. and Mrs. Fawcett published 
 a joint volume entitled “ Essays and Lectures on Social Political Subjects.” 
 
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THE RIGHT HON. LORD CHELMSFORD, 
 
 ORN in London in July, 1794, is the youngest son of the late 
 Charles Thesiger, Esq., collector of customs in the island of 
 St. Vincent, in the West Indies, and nephew of Sir Frederick 
 Thesiger, a distinguished naval officer, who was aide-de-camp 
 to Lord Nelson at the battle of Copenhagen. At an early 
 age he entered the Navy as a midshipman on board H.M.S. Cambrian, 
 and it was from the deck of this frigate that he, then a child of thirteen, 
 witnessed in 1807 the second bombardment of Copenhagen. His father’s 
 property in St. Vincent having been destroyed by the eruption of Mount 
 Souffrier, he quitted the Navy, and resolved to follow the legal profession. 
 He was called to the Bar at Gray’s Inn in 1818, and in course of time 
 became the leader of the Home Circuit, and in 1834 was made a King’s 
 Counsel. From this period his practice at the Bar was enormous, and he 
 was retained in nearly every cause cilebre. I n 1 844 he was elected member 
 for Abingdon, and represented that borough in the House of Commons until 
 1852, when he was returned by the constituency of Stamford, which he con- 
 tinued to represent until his elevation to the woolsack. During the seven- 
 teen years that he occupied a seat in the Lower House he took a prominent 
 part in the debates, and during the protracted discussions on the Jewish 
 disabilities he was looked up to as the leader of the Tory party, Mr. Disraeli’s 
 opinions not being in accord with theirs on this particular question. Sir 
 Frederic Thesiger was nominated in May, 1844, Solicitor-General in Sir 
 Robert Peel’s administration. On the death of Sir William Follett in June, 
 1845, he was advanced to the Attorney-Generalship, but in 1846, he, with 
 his colleagues, resigned. In 1852 he was again Attorney-General during 
 Lord Derby’s first administration. He was elevated to the Lord-Chan- 
 cellorship with a peerage in Lord Derby’s second administration in 1858. 
 Lord Chelmsford, who retired with his colleagues in 1859, was re-appointed 
 to the Lord Chancellorship in Lord Derby’s third administration in July, 
 1866, and held that dignified position till February, 1868, when the Conser- 
 vative ministry went out of office. His lordship continues to take part very 
 frequently in the debates of the House of Peers, and he is rarely absent 
 from his place among the “ law lords” when legal appeals are being heard. 
 
 /cP^ ^ i 
 
i 
 
 THE RIGHT REV. CHARLES J. ELLICOTT, D.D., 
 
 LORD BISHOP OF GLOUCESTER AND BRISTOL, 
 
 lS born on April 25th, 1819, at Whitwell, near Stamford, of 
 which parish his father, the Rev. Charles Spencer Ellicott, is 
 rector. He received his early education at Oakham and 
 Stamford schools, and then proceeded to Cambridge, where he 
 graduated B.A. with honours in 1841, and was elected a fellow 
 of St. John’s College. In 1842 he carried off the first member’s prize, and 
 in the following year the Hulsean prize on “ The History and Obligation of 
 the Sabbath.” In 1848 he married Constantia Anne, daughter of the late 
 Admiral Becher, and in the same year he was presented to the rectory of Pilton, 
 in Rutlandshire, but after a few years resigned it and returned to Cambridge, 
 for the sake of better carrying out the work on which he was then engaged, 
 viz., his “ Commentaries on St. Paul’s Epistles.” In 1856 he was chosen to 
 succeed Dr. Trench, the present Archbishop of Dublin, as Professor of 
 Divinity in King’s College, London. In 1859 he was appointed Hulsean 
 Lecturer, and in the following year was elected Hulsean Professor of 
 Divinity in the University of Cambridge. The Hulsean lectures for i860 
 “ On the Life of Our Lord ” displayed not only theological erudition and a 
 critical knowledge of the original language of the Gospels, but a reverential 
 spirit in the treatment of the subject, which has secured to this work a large 
 measure of its popularity. These lectures attracted much attention beyond 
 the limits of the university, and it became obvious that Dr. Ellicott would 
 be selected for high preferment in the Church. He was nominated by the 
 Crown to the Deanery of Exeter in 1861, and in 1863 to the united Sees of 
 Gloucester and Bristol, which had been vacated by the translation of Bishop 
 Baring to Durham. A principal feature of Bishop Ellicott’s episcopate is 
 said to be his hearty sympathy with the clergy of different theological “ schools 
 of thought.” To him the city of Bristol owes its “Church Aid Fund” for 
 supplying spiritual help of a missionary kind to its overgrown parishes. He 
 was the first to break up the episcopal charge, and to deliver a different 
 address at each of the places visited. His lordship takes, an active part in 
 the deliberations of the Upper House of the Convocation of the Province of 
 Canterbury and in the revision of the Authorized Version of the Holy 
 Scriptures, being the chairman of the New Testament Company. 
 
 Besides his “ Hulsean Lectures,” already referred to, which have reached 
 a fifth edition, Bishop Ellicott has published “ Critical and Grammatical 
 Commentaries ” on the Epistles to the Galatians and Ephesians, Philippians, 
 Colossians, Thessalonians, Philemon, and on the “ Pastoral Epistles” ; “ The 
 Destiny of the Creature,” and other sermons preached before the University 
 of Cambridge; “Considerations on the Revision of the English Version of 
 the New Testament,” 1870; and contributions to works published by the 
 Christian Evidence Society, viz., “Modern Scepticism,” 3rd edition,' 1871, 
 and “Credentials of Christianity,” 1875- 
 
 17 
 

BISHOP OF GLOUCESTER AND BRISTOL. 
 
 
« 
 
 HENRY BOUVERIE WILLIAM BRAND, 
 
 SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS, 
 
 
 S the second son of the twenty-first Baron Dacre, by the second 
 daughter of the late Hon. and Very Rev. Maurice Crosbie, 
 Dean of Limerick ; and brother and heir-presumptive to' the 
 present Baron. He was for some time private secretary to 
 Earl Grey. In July, 1852, he obtained a seat in the House of 
 Commons as one of the members for Lewes, which borough he continued 
 to represent in the Liberal interest till December, 1868, and since then he 
 has sat for the county of Cambridge. In February, 1858, Mr. Brand was 
 appointed Keeper of the Privy Seal to the Prince of Wales, but he only held 
 that office for a few weeks. From June, 1859, to July, 1866, he was Par- 
 liamentary- Secretary to the Treasury. In 1859, Mr. Brand succeeded Sir 
 William Hayter as senior “Whip” of the Liberal party, and he discharged 
 the duties of that important and laborious office with unflagging energy and 
 zeal for a period of nine years. When Mr. Denison, afterwards Viscount 
 Ossington, vacated the Speaker’s chair, Mr. Brand was nominated by the 
 Government to succeed him, and he was elected Speaker of the House 
 without opposition in February, 1872. At first some honourable members 
 entertained misgivings as to whether a gentleman who had been so peculiarly 
 identified for many years with the interests of one political party in the 
 State would preside with due impartiality over the discussions of the House 
 of Commons, but all such doubts were soon set at rest by the conduct of 
 the right honourable gentleman, who has discharged the duties of his high 
 office with remarkable dignity and to the complete satisfaction alike of 
 Liberals and Conservatives. The most conclusive proof of this is, that 
 when a new Parliament was elected, and the Conservatives were placed in 
 power, Mr. Brand was again elected Speaker without opposition in March, 
 1874. The Speaker of the House of Commons is the first commoner of 
 the realm, and ranks next after barons. His emolument consists of a 
 furnished house in the New Palace of Westminster and a salary of .^5,000 
 a-year. Mr. Brand’s name has of late years been before the public in 
 connection with a scheme for the amelioration of the agricultural -labourers 
 on his estate at Glynde, in Sussex. 
 
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 JOHN EVERETT MILLAIS, 
 
 ROYAL ACADEMICIAN, 
 
 /3 ^ ' 3 
 
 ON of John William Millais, Esq., by Mary, daughter of 
 Richard Evermy, Esq., was born at Southampton in 1829. 
 The family of Millais has held for centuries a place among 
 the lesser landholders of the island of Jersey, where the name 
 doubtless existed long prior to the Norman conquest of 
 England. At the early age of nine he began his art education in Mr. Sass’s 
 academy, and two years later he became a student at the Royal Academy, 
 where he gained the principal prizes for drawing. His first exhibited 
 picture, “ Pizarro seizing the Inca of Peru,” was at the Academy in 1846. 
 It was followed by “ The Tribe of Benjamin seizing the Daughters of 
 Shiloh,” which gained the gold medal of the Academy in 1847, and was 
 exhibited at the British Institution in the following year. About this period 
 Mr. Millais and his friends, Mr. Dante Gabriel Rossetti and Mr. Holman 
 Hunt, leagued themselves together for a reform of British art, and they 
 were subsequently joined by Charles Collins and other young painters. 
 The common effort of the new fraternity was to disregard the convention- 
 alities and traditions of the schools, and to open for the art a new path, as the 
 early Italian masters had done with such marvellous success, by self-teaching, 
 and the copying of nature as they themselves saw it. The “ Pre-Raphaelites,” 
 as they were styled, met with much ridicule and opposition at first, but 
 eventually several of their number, and notably Mr. Millais, obtained the 
 unreserved favour of the public. Under the influence of his new convic- 
 tions Mr. Millais produced “Mariana in the Moated Grange” and “The 
 Woodman’s Daughter” in 1851, but he made his first popular hit with 
 “The Huguenot” and “Ophelia,” exhibited in 1852. From that time to 
 the present he has produced in rapid succession a large number of remark- 
 able pictures. Among them we may mention “ The Order of Release ” 
 (1853), “The Proscribed Royalist” (1853), “The Rescue” (1855), “ Autumn 
 Leaves” (1856), “The Heretic” (1858), “Spring Flowers” (i860), “The 
 Black Brunswicker” (1861), “My First Sermon” (1863), “My Second 
 Sermon” (1864), “Joan of Arc” (1865), “Sleeping” (1867), “Waking” 
 (1867), “Jephthah” (1867), “Souvenir of Velasquez” (1868), “The 
 Gambler’s Wife” (1869), “A Widow’s Mite” (1870), “ Lalla Rookh ” 
 (1873), “The Picture of Health” (1874). Mr. Millais was elected 
 A. R. A. in 1853, and was admitted to the full honours of the Academy in 
 1863. He is married to Euphemia-Chalmers, daughter of George Gray, 
 Esq., of Bowerswell, Perth, N.B. 
 
 
V 
 

THE REV. F. W. FARRAR, D. D., F.R.S., 
 
 CANON OF WESTMINSTER, 
 
 ON of the Rev. C. R. Farrar, rector of Sidcup, Kent, was 
 born at Bombay in 1831. He received his education at 
 King William’s College, in the Isle of Man, and at King’s 
 College, London. He became a classical exhibitioner of 
 the University of London in 1850, graduated B. A. there, 
 and was appointed a University scholar in 1852. Mr. Farrar was succes- 
 sively a Scholar and Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and in 1854 he 
 took his Bachelor’s degree in that University as fourth in the first class of 
 the Classical Tripos, and a Junior Optime in Mathematics. He had already 
 obtained the Chancellor’s Prize for English Verse by his poem on “ The 
 Arctic Regions,” and he subsequently gained the Le Bas Classical Prize, 
 and became also Norrisian Prizeman. In 1854 he was ordained deacon by 
 the Bishop of Salisbury, and in 1857 he was admitted into priest’s orders by 
 the Bishop of Ely. For many years he was one of the assistant masters at 
 Harrow under Dr. Vaughan, and under his successor. Dr. Butler; and he 
 held, with great distinction, the Head Mastership of Marlborough College 
 from January, 1871, till April, 1876. Dr. Farrar was a select preacher 
 before the University of Cambridge in 1868, and again in 1874-5, he 
 preached the Hulsean Lectures in 1870. He was an Honorary Chaplain 
 to the Queen from 1869 to 1873, when he was nominated one of her 
 Majesty’s Chaplains in Ordinary. In April, 1876, he was appointed to the 
 canonry in Westminster Abbey and the rectory of St. Margaret’s, vacant 
 by the death of Canon Conway. Dr. Farrar’s writings are numerous. 
 Among them are three well-known works of fiction, “ Eric, or Little by 
 Little (a Tale of Roslyn School)”, loth edition; “Julian Home, a Tale of 
 College Life;” and “St. Winifred’s, or the World of School.” His philo- 
 logical works comprise “ An Essay on the Origin of Language,” based on 
 modern researches and especially on the works of M. Renan ; “ Chapters on 
 Language ;” “A Brief Greek Syntax ;” and “ Eamilies of Speech.” Among 
 his theological publications are “The Fall of Man, and other Sermons 
 preached before the University of Cambridge;” “Seekers after God;” 
 “ The Witness of History to Christ,” being the Hulsean Lectures for 1870; 
 “The Silence and the Voices of God,” a volume of sermons; and “The 
 Life of Christ,” 2 vols., 1874, which attained such celebrity that it reached a 
 twelfth edition in one year. Dr. Farrar has also been an extensive con- 
 tributor to Smith’s “ Dictionary of the Bible,” the “ Encyclopaedia Britannica,” 
 the “ Transactions of the Ethnological Society,” and the “ Quarterly Review.” 
 
 
 20 
 


LORD GEORGE HAMILTON, 
 
 UNDER-SECRETARY OF STATE FOR INDIA. 
 
 ORD George Francis Hamilton, M.P., is the third son of His 
 Grace the Duke of Abercorn, by Lady Louisa, second daughter 
 of John, sixth Duke of Bedford. He was born at Brighton 
 in December, 1845, and received his education at Harrow. 
 In 1864, he was appointed an ensign in the Rifle Brigade, and in 1868 
 was transferred to the Coldstream Guards. At the general election of 
 December, 1868, he contested the county of Middlesex in the Conservative 
 interest, and was returned at the head of the poll, the numbers being as 
 follows : — Lord G. Hamilton, 7,850 ; Viscount Enfield, 6,507 ; Mr. Henry 
 Labouchere, 6,397. This decisive Conservative victory occasioned great 
 surprise in political circles, as Middlesex had previously been regarded as 
 one of the most impregnable strongholds of the Liberal party. At the 
 general election of February, 1874, Lord George Harfiilton again came 
 in at the head of the poll, receiving 10,343 votes, against 5,192 recorded 
 for Viscount Enfield, the most popular of the Liberal candidates. On 
 the formation of Mr. Disraeli’s administration in February, 1874, his 
 lordship was nominated to the important post of Parliamentary Under- 
 secretary of State for India. In this capacity he has particularly distin- 
 guished himself by the lucidity of his answers to the numerous questions 
 asked in the House of Commons with reference to Indian affairs. His 
 lordship married, in 1871, Lady Maud Caroline, youngest daughter of 
 third the Earl of Harewood. 
 
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THE RIGHT HON. LORD SELBORNE, ^ 
 
 EX-LORD HIGH CHANCELLOR OF ENGLAND, 
 
 ECOND son of the late Rev. William Palmer, Rector of 
 Mixbury, Oxfordshire, by Dorothea, youngest daughter of 
 the late Rev. William Roundell, of Gledstanes, Yorkshire, 
 was born at Mixbury, November 27, 1812. He was educated 
 at Rugby and Winchester Schools, and was elected in 1830 to 
 an open scholarship at Trinity College, Oxford, where he graduated first-class 
 in classics in 1834, having previously gained the Chancellor’s Prize for Latin 
 verse and for the Latin essay, the Newdigate Prize for English verse, and 
 the Ireland Scholarship. Mr. Roundell Palmer was elected to a Fellowship 
 at Magdalen College, and obtained the Eldon Law Scholarship in 1834. In 
 1837 he was called to the bar at Lincoln’s Inn ; and after having practised 
 with remarkable success as a Chancery barrister he was appointed one of 
 Her Majesty’s Counsel in 1849. He represented Plymouth in the House 
 of Commons, as a Liberal Conservative, from July, 1847, till July, 1852, and 
 again from June, 1853, till March, 1857. J'^^y* 1861, though he had not 
 
 a seat in Parliament at the time, he was appointed Solicitor-General in Lord 
 Palmerston’s administration, on the promotion of Sir William Atherton to 
 the Attorney-Generalship. On this occasion he received the honour of 
 knighthood, and he was soon afterwards elected M.P. for Richmond, which 
 borough he continued to represent until his elevation to the peerage. In 
 October, 1863, he became Attorney-General, and he retired from office with 
 Lord John Russell’s second administration in 1866. On the return of the 
 Liberal party to power in December, 1868, Sir Roundell Palmer was offered 
 the Chancellorship, but, not being able to endorse the policy of the Govern- 
 ment in relation to the Irish Church, he declined taking office. , He con- 
 tinued, however, to be an independent supporter of Mr. Gladstone’s Govern- 
 ment on most of the public questions of the day, and consented to represent 
 Her Majesty’s Government before the Arbitration Court at Geneva in 1871. 
 He was appointed Lord High Chancellor of England, in succession to Lord 
 Hatherley, in October, 1872, on which occasion he was raised to the peerage 
 by the title of Baron Selborne, of Selborne, Hampshire. His Lordship 
 went out of office on the defeat of the Liberal party in February, 1872. 
 He married, in 1848, Lady Laura, second daughter of the eighth Earl 
 Waldegrave. 
 
i 
 
 Link and U’hitfifld, 
 
 LORD SKLLORXE. 
 
 Woodbury r>\ 
 
THE RIGHT HON. 
 
 SIR HENRY BARTLE EDWARD ERERE, 
 
 BART., G. C. B., 
 
 the fifth son of the late Edward Frere, Esq., of Llanelly, 
 county Brecon, and nephew of the well-known scholar, wit, 
 and diplomatist, the late Right Hon. John Hookham Frere, 
 M.P. Born in 1815, he was educated at King Edward’s 
 Grammar School, Bath, and afterwards at Haileybury College. 
 In 1834 he entered the Civil Service of the East India Company, and after 
 holding some revenue appointments became, in 1842, secretary to Sir 
 George Arthur, then Governor of Bombay. He was nominated in 1856 
 British Resident in Scinde, and Chief Commissioner there in i860. For 
 his services during the Indian Mutiny he was created a Knight Commander 
 of the Order of the Bath (civil division) in 1859, and twice received the 
 thanks of Parliament. In March, 1862, he was appointed Governor of 
 Bombay, from whence he returned to England early in 1867, when he was 
 created a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of India. In the 
 same year he received from the University of Oxford the honorary degree 
 of D.C.L. Sir Bartle Frere also became Vice-President of the Royal Geo- 
 graphical Society. In 1872 he was sent by the British Government on a 
 special mission to Zanzibar for the purpose of inducing the Seyyid to second 
 the efforts of this country in putting down the horrors of the slave trade. 
 In May, 1873, he procured the signing of a treaty by the Seyyid abolishing 
 the slave trade in his dominions. On his return to England Sir Bartle 
 Frere was sworn a member of the Privy Council ; and on July 16, 1874, he 
 was presented with the freedom of the City of London. Subsequently he 
 made a journey through India in the suite of the Prince of Wales, and on 
 his return he was, in May, 1876, created a Baronet, and advanced to the 
 dignity of a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath. Sir Bartle 
 Frere married in 1844 Miss Catharine Arthur, second daughter of the late 
 Right Hon. Sir George Arthur, some time Governor of Bombay. He is 
 the author of a memoir of his uncle, the late Right Hon. John Hookham 
 Frere, “Christianity suited to all forms of Civilization,” being a lecture 
 delivered in connection with the Christian Evidence Society; “Indian 
 Missions,” reprinted from “ The Church and the Age “ Pandurang Hari, 
 or Memoir of a Hindoo;” “On the Impending Bengal Famine : How it will 
 be met, and how to prevent future Famines in India ; ” and “ Eastern Africa 
 as a Field for Missionary Labour.” 
 
 23 
 


THE HON. SIR CHARLES HALL, / 
 
 JUDGE OF THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE, 
 
 ON of John Hall, Esq., of Manchester, the representative of 
 an ancient family formerly settled at Clifton in Yorkshire, 
 was born at Manchester, on April 14, 1814. He was called 
 to the bar at the Middle Temple in November, 1838, and was for 
 several years Conveyancing Counsel of the Court of Chancery. He 
 was elected a bencher of his Inn in 1871, Three years later, in 
 November, 1873, he was appointed by the Crown, on the recommendation 
 of Mr. Gladstone, one of the Vice-Chancellors of England, on which 
 occasion he received the honour of knighthood. He held the Vice- 
 Chancellorship until November, 1875, when he became a Judge of the 
 High Court of Justice, his title being preserved, however, by the Act 
 of Parliament which reconstituted our judicial system. Sir Charles 
 married, in 1837, Sarah, daughter of Francis Duval, of Exeter. 
 
 24 
 

CHARLES HALL. 
 
 Wiallnr: 
 
 
 ;■ Process. 
 
- «/ 
 
J 
 
 i 
 
 EDWARD HAROLD BROWNE, D.D., ^ 
 
 LORD BISHOP OF WINCHESTER, 
 
 ON of the late Col. Robert Browne, of Morton House, Bucks, 
 was born in i8i i, and was educated at Eton and at Emmanuel 
 College, Cambridge, where he graduated in arts in 1832. He 
 became Crosse University scholar in 1833 > Tyrwhitt Hebrew 
 scholar in 1834, and Norrisian Prize Medallist in 1835. After being Fellow 
 and Tutor of his college, he quitted Cambridge on his marriage in 1839, and 
 took the curacy of a district chapelry at Stroud, Gloucestershire. In the 
 following year he was removed to the incumbency of St. James, Exeter, and 
 again in 1841 to that of St. Sidwell in the same city. In 1843 became 
 Vice- Principal and Professor of Hebrew in St. David’s College, Lampeter, 
 and while there he held also the office of Rural Dean. In 1849 
 Lampeter in consequence of the ill-health of his family, and became Vicar of 
 Kenwyn, Cornwall, an extensive parish near Truro. While occupying this 
 incumbency he was first elected a member of the Lower House of Convoca- 
 tion, where he continued to have a seat until his elevation to the episcopate. 
 In 1854 Dr. Browne was elected Norrisian Professor of Divinity at Cam- 
 bridge, and in 1856 he resigned the vicarage of Kenwyn for that of Heavi- 
 tree, near Exeter. He resigned Heavitree the following year on being 
 presented to a prebendal stall in Exeter Cathedral. On the death of the 
 aged Bishop Turton, Dr. Browne was nominated by the Crown to the see of 
 Ely, and was consecrated in Westminster Abbey, on Easter Monday, 1864. 
 From Ely Dr. Browne was appointed in August, 1873, to succeed the late 
 Dr. Wilberforce as Bishop of Winchester and Prelate of the Order of the 
 Garter. His lordship has of late years taken a deep interest in the “Alt 
 Katholik ” movement in Germany and Switzerland. As an author he is best 
 known by his learned “ Exposition of the Thirty-nine Articles,” which has 
 passed through several editions, and is used as a text-book by most of the 
 bishops of the Anglican communion in this country, in the British colonies 
 and dependencies, and in the United States. 
 
 25 
 
 c- 
 
 k 
 
Lcc^ Whitfields 
 
 V's:;JUiry Pfocez-, 
 
 THE JJISHOP 
 
 WINCHESTER. 
 

 
 
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CHARLES JEAN MARIE LOYSON, 
 
 “PERE HYACINTHE,” 
 
 AS born at Orleans, March loth, 1827, of a family which came 
 originally from Chateau Gontier. His father, who was rector 
 of an academy under the auspices of the University of France, 
 removed, when Charles was three years old, to Pau, in the 
 department of the Basses Pyrenees. Here the future orator 
 was brought up in the seclusion of his home, which he describes as being “ a 
 sort of family convent.” At the age of nineteen he entered the seminary of 
 St. Sulpice at Paris, and after five years of preparation he was ordained 
 priest, June 14th, 1851. After this time he was, in connection with the 
 congregation of St. Sulpice, for three years Professor of Theology in the 
 Seminary at Avignon, for two years Professor of Dogmatic Theology at 
 Nantes, and for two years Vicar of St. Sulpice at Paris. His connection 
 with St. Sulpice terminated in 1857. At the end of the following year he 
 entered the hovitiate of the Dominicans at Flavigny ; but in March, 1859, he 
 quitted the Friars Preachers, and joined the Barefooted Carmelites at Le 
 Broussay. Two years later he took the habit, and assumed in religion the 
 name of “ Father Hyacinthe, of the Immaculate Conception.” He soon 
 became renowned throughout France as a pulpit orator, and his famous 
 “Conferences” in the cathedral of Notre Dame, at Paris (1864-69), were 
 largely attended by the Hite of Parisian society. He was, however, sus- 
 pected of heretical tendencies. In September, 1869, he forsook the convent 
 of his Order, and, in a memorable letter, appealed from his monastic superior 
 to the Ecumenical Council about to sit at Rome. Since then he has been 
 estranged from the Roman Catholic Church, although he has uniformly dis- 
 claimed the name of Protestant. Soon after quitting the cloister he visited 
 the United States, where he was warmly welcomed by the opponents of the 
 Papacy. Father Hyacinthe was relieved of his monastic vows by the Pope 
 in 1870, and he accordingly became a secular priest under the title of the 
 Abbe Loyson. In 1872 he was married, in a London registry office, to Mrs. 
 Meriman, an American lady. This proceeding gave rise to his apologetic 
 “ Lettre sur mon Manage.” M. Loyson officiated for several years as air 6 
 of Geneva; but he resigned this post in 1874 on the ground “that the spirit 
 which prevailed in the Liberal Catholic movement in Geneva was neither 
 r' , Liberal in politics nor Catholic in religion.” In the summer of 1876 he paid 
 a visit to London, where he lectured on the “ Prospects of Christendom” and 
 the “State Regulation of Vice.” A collection of “ Father Hyacinthe’s” dis- 
 courses was published in English by his wife in 1874, accompanied by a pre- 
 face by Dean Stanley. 
 
 26 
 
9 
 
Hi:. 
 
 
 I 
 
li 
 
 SIR JAMES MACNAGHTEN HOGG, K.C.B., 
 
 CHAIRMAN OF THE METROPOLITAN BOARD OF WORKS, ^ ^ 
 
 S the eldest son of the late Sir James Weir Hogg, Bart., 
 Member of Council for India, who for many years repre- 
 sented Beverley and Honiton in the House of Commons, 
 by Mary, second daughter of Samuel Swinton, Esq., of Swinton, in 
 the county of Berwick. Born at Calcutta in 1823, he was sent at an 
 early age to this country, and received his education at Eton, from 
 whence he proceeded in due course to Christ Church, Oxford. At the 
 age of twenty he joined the first regiment of Life Guards. He attained 
 the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel in 1855, and retired from the service in 
 1859. In July, 1865, he entered Parliament as member for Bath, and 
 he continued to represent that city in the Conservative interest till 
 July. 1868. In November, 1870, shortly after the death of Sir John 
 Thwaites, he was elected to succeed that gentleman in the office of 
 Chairman of the Metropolitan Board of Works. He was again returned 
 to the House of Commons as member for Truro in September, 1871, 
 and he still continues to sit as one of the representatives of that 
 borough. He was created a Knight Commander of the Order of the 
 Bath in 1874. On the decease of his father in May, 1876, he succeeded 
 to the baronetcy. Sir J. M. Hogg married, in 1857, the Hon. Caroline 
 Elizabeth Emma, eldest daughter of the first Lord Penrhyn. 
 
 
 27 
 
THE RIGHT HON. 
 
 THE EARL OF SHAFTESBURY, K.G., 
 
 LDEST son of the sixth Earl of Shaftesbury, by Anne, 
 daughter of George, Duke of Marlborough, was born in 
 London, April 28,1 801, and educated at Harrow and Christ 
 Church, Oxford, where he proceeded B. A. in 1822, obtaining 
 a first class in classical honours. At the general election of 1826, Lord 
 Ashley, as he was styled before his succession to the peerage, was returned 
 to Parliament for the borough of Woodstock, which he represented till 
 1830, when he was chosen for Dorchester. In 1831 he was elected one 
 of the members for Dorsetshire. During all this time he supported the 
 Tory party. In 1828 he had been appointed by the Duke of Wellington 
 one of the Commissioners of the Board of Control, and in the administra- 
 tion of Sir R. Peel, between November, 1834, and April, 1835, he was a 
 Lord of the Admiralty. In February, 1846, Lord Ashley, believing that 
 his opinion as to the desirability of repealing the Corn Laws was not shared 
 by the majority of his constituents, resigned his seat, and remained out of 
 Parliament rather more than a year, during which period he laboured with 
 redoubled energy to promote the chief object of his life, viz., the improve- 
 ment of the social condition of the labouring classes, and especially of the 
 poor factory children. At the general election of 1847 he was returned for 
 Bath, which city he represented as a “ Liberal Conservative,” until his 
 father’s death, in 1851, transferred him to the House of Peers. His name 
 was for many years associated with the Ten Hours Bill, which limited the 
 maximum employment of young persons in factories to that amount of time 
 per day, and which he eventually succeeded in carrying through Parliament. 
 The Earl of Shaftesbury has been an earnest supporter of all the subsequent 
 measures that have been passed with such beneficial results for limiting the 
 hours of labour of women and children in factories and workshops. He 
 steadily supported the Government of Lord Palmerston, to whom he was 
 related by marriage. His lordship is a prominent member of all those 
 religious societies which are established on an “ Evangelical ” basis, and he 
 frequently advocates on the platform their claims to public support. 
 
 28 
 

 \ 
 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
THE RIGHT HON. LORD REDESDALE, 
 
 . A ’ ‘ / u 
 
 CHAIRMAN OF COMMITTEES OF THE HOUSE OF LORDS, 
 
 ON of John Mitford, first Lord Redesdale, by Lady Frances 
 Perceval, sixth daughter of John, second Earl of Egmont, was 
 born in Ireland in 1805. His father was a distinguished 
 lawyer, who, after having filled the offices of Solicitor and 
 Attorney- General, and Speaker of the House of Commons in 
 England, was, in 1802, appointed Lord High Chancellor of Ireland, and raised 
 to the peerage of the United Kingdom by the title of Baron Redesdale, of 
 Redesdale in Northumberland. The first peer, who was younger brother 
 to William Mitford, the historian of Greece, assumed the surname and arms 
 of Freeman in 1809. His son, John Thomas Freeman Mitford, the present 
 Lord Redesdale, received his education at Eton and at New College, 
 
 Oxford, graduating B. A. in 1825, and M. A. in 1828. On the death of his 
 father in 1830 he succeeded to the title. At the commencement of the 
 session of 1851 he was elected Chairman of Committees and Deputy Speaker 
 of the House of Lords in the room of the late Earl of Shaftesbury, who had 
 a short time previously resigned. Since that period Lord Redesdale has 
 exercised great influence over the Private Bill legislation of the Upper 
 I House. One of his duties is to preside at the sittings of the Peers when 
 
 Bills are passing through Committee of the whole House, and during the 
 ■ last quarter of a century he has scarcely ever been absent from his place at 
 
 the table. In 1853 the University of Oxford conferred upon him the 
 honorary degree of D. C. L. His lordship has always taken a deep interest 
 in religious questions. As a member of the Royal Commission on the Law 
 of Divorce, he found himself unable to sign the report, having come to the 
 I conclusion that divorces a vinculo matrimonii are not allowed by the Divine 
 
 Law under any circumstances. This view of the subject he vindicated in a 
 pamphlet entitled, “The Law of Scripture against Divorce” (1856). 
 j Previously to this he had published “ Reflections on the Doctrines of 
 
 ‘ Regeneration ” and “ Observations on the Gorham Case.” More recently, 
 
 f • in 1874, he published “Reasonings on some disputed points of Doctrine 
 
 and in 1875 he entered into a controversy with Cardinal Manning on Com- 
 munion in both kinds. His lordship, who has always been an earnest 
 supporter of the Established Church, strenuously opposed its disestablish- 
 ment in Ireland. He also took a prominent part in the debates on the 
 “Alabama” Claims. Lord Redesdale published in 1859 “Thoughts on 
 * English Prosody” and “Translations from Horace.” 
 
 29 
 
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THE VEN. GEORGE ANTHONY DENISON, 
 
 ARCHDEACON OF TAUNTON. 
 
 HIS eminent Churchman was born in 1805, being fourth son 
 of the late John Denison, M.P. He is brother of the late 
 Viscount Ossington (who for many years occupied the 
 Speaker’s chair in the House of Commons), of the late 
 Bishop of Salisbury, and of Sir William Denison, K.C.B., Governor of 
 Madras. From Eton he proceeded to Christ Church, Oxford, where he 
 graduated B.A. in 1826, taking a first-class in classical honours ; and 
 in 1828 he was elected a fellow of Oriel. From 1832 to 1838 he was 
 curate of Cuddesdon. In the latter year he married a daughter of the 
 Right Hon. J. W. Henley, M.P., and was presented to the vicarage of 
 Broadwindsor, Dorset. In 1845 he was transferred to the vicarage of 
 East Brent, Somerset, and became examining chaplain to the Bishop of 
 Bath and Wells, who advanced him, in 1851, to the archdeaconry of 
 Taunton. Staunch in his adherence to High Church principles. Archdeacon 
 Denison has been an active member of the London and Bristol “ Church 
 Unions,” and a strong opponent of all schemes of Government education. 
 In 1853, in consequence of a charge of unsound doctrine publicly made 
 against him by Bishop Spenser, the Archdeacon resigned the office of 
 examining chaplain, and preached in Wells Cathedral three sermons on 
 “ The Real Presence,” which he published as his defence. Proceedings 
 were taken against him on account of matter contained in these sermons, 
 the result being that in 1856 the Archdeacon was sentenced to deprivation 
 of all his preferments by judgment of a court held at Bath under the 
 presidency of the Archbishop of Canterbury. This sentence was set aside, 
 however, upon appeal to the Court of Arches, on a point of law ; and the 
 judgment of the latter court was confirmed, in 1858, by the Judicial 
 Committee of the Privy Council. Archdeacon Denison was formerly editor 
 of the “ Church and State Review,” and he has taken a prominent part 
 in the proceedings of the Lower House of Convocation. 
 
 30 
 
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THE RIGHT HON. JOHN BRIGHT, 
 
 M.P. FOR BIRMINGHAM, 
 
 S the son of Jacob Bright, of Greenbank, near Rochdale, where 
 he was born November i6, i8ii. He entered his father’s 
 business, and became a partner in the firm of John Bright and 
 Brothers, cotton-spinners and manufacturers of Rochdale. 
 His name first became known about 1839, when, in conjunction 
 with Mr. Cobden, he publicly advocated the principles of the Anti-Corn-Law 
 League. In July, 1843, he was elected M. P. for Durham, and he continued 
 to represent that city till 1847, when he was returned for Manchester. In the 
 debates which resulted in the repeal of the Corn Laws, he took a leading part, 
 and gradually came to be regarded as one of the most effective orators in 
 the House of Commons. As a member of the Society of Friends, Mr. 
 Bright was naturally a partisan of peace. Accordingly he raised his voice 
 against the declaration of war with Russia, and during the conflict in the 
 Crimea he earnestly deprecated the continuance of hostilities. While thus 
 engaged his health gave way, and he was obliged to seek repose abroad. 
 He was in Italy when the news of Lord Palmerston’s defeat on the question 
 of the China War reached him in March, 1857. At the general election 
 Mr. Bright failed to obtain a seat for Manchester; but in August, 1857, 
 he was returned for Birmingham, and has since continued to represent 
 that important constituency. After 1857 Mr. Bright’s name was for 
 several years mainly identifled with a scheme of parliamentary reform. 
 This movement led to various governmental complications, and ultimately 
 the question was set at rest by Mr. Disraeli’s Reform Act. Mr. Bright 
 was always a warm supporter of the vote by ballot, which also became the 
 law of the land under a Conservative administration ; and during the civil 
 war in America he was an earnest partisan of the North. In December, 
 1868, he accepted the office of President of the Board of Trade, became a 
 member of the Cabinet, and was sworn of the Privy Council. After being 
 absent from the House of Commons for some time in consequence of severe 
 illness, he was compelled to retire from office in December, 1870. His 
 health having been partially restored he was, in August, 1873, appointed 
 to the Chancellorship of the Duchy of Lancaster, and he held that post until 
 the Liberals went out of office in February, 1874. 
 
 « 31 
 

THE RIGHT REV. MONSIGNOR 
 CAPEL, p.D., 
 
 RECTOR OF THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, 
 
 HE eldest son of the late J. Capel, Esq., of Hastings, was 
 born October 28, 1836, and completed his education by six 
 years’ private tuition under the Rev. J. M. Glenie, BA., Oxon, 
 At the commencement of the year 1854 he became co- 
 founder and Vice-Principal of St. 'Mary’s Normal College 
 at Hammersmith. In i860, he was ordained priest by the late Cardinal 
 Wiseman, and soon afterwards, his health being very delicate, he was 
 obliofed to sfo to the south of Prance to recruit his strength. He resided 
 for a considerable time at Pau, in the department of the Lower Pyrenees, 
 and there he founded a “ mission ” for English-speaking Catholics, and 
 received numerous converts into the Roman Church. In acknowledgment 
 of his services, the Pope nominated him, in 1868, Private Chamberlain 
 to His Holiness. Monsignor Capel also delivered in Rome, at the express 
 request of the Sovereign Pontiff, several courses of controversial sermons, 
 which attracted much attention among the English and American visitors 
 to the Eternal City. His reputation as a pulpit orator was further increased 
 when, after the restoration of his health, he returned to London, and 
 preached in most of the principal Roman Catholic churches in the 
 metropolis and the large towns of England. The work of education is, 
 however, his favourite pursuit. In P'ebruary, 1873, he founded the Catholic 
 Public School at Kensington. This institution is intended to put 
 within the reach of Catholic families an education similar in kind and 
 equal in degree to that given at PAon, Harrow, and the other public schools 
 of the Kingdom. The teaching staff is composed of University men, 
 assisted by trained masters, who take the elementary classes. At first, 
 the boys numbered only five, and the classes were held in a private room in 
 the founder’s house ; but there are now eighty boys in attendance, and 
 the school has been removed to its permanent place in South Kensington, 
 where a freehold site of more than six acres has been secured. 
 
 In 1874, Monsignor Capel was unanimously appointed by the Roman 
 Catholic prelates of England to the responsible post of Rector of the 
 College about to be founded for Higher Studies at Kensington, which is 
 intended to be the nucleus of a Catholic English University. Monsignor 
 Capel was, in 1873, named Domestic Prelate to His Holiness Pope Pius IX. 
 His only published work is a reply to Mr. Gladstone’s pamphlet on 
 “The Vatican Decrees.” 
 
 32 
 

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 WILLIAM FRANCIS COWPER-TEMPLE, 
 
 M.P. FOR SOUTH HAMPSHIRE, / 7 ^ 
 
 S the second son of Peter Leopold Louis Francis, fifth Earl 
 Cowper, by Emily Mary, eldest daughter of the first Viscount 
 Melbourne. He was born December 13, 1811, entered the 
 Army, at the age of sixteen, as cornet in the Royal Horse 
 Guards, became lieutenant in 1832, and captain in 1835, when 
 he retired upon half-pay. In the latter year he was elected M.P. in the 
 Whig interest for the borough of Hertford, which he continued to represent 
 for thirty-three years. Mr. Cowper became a Lord of the Admiralty (1846- 
 52) and Under Secretary of State for the Home Department (1852-55). In 
 August, 1855, he was nominated President of the Board of Health under 
 the administration of Viscount Palmerston. In February, 1857, he was 
 nominated to the newly created office of Vice-President of the Committee of 
 the Privy Council on Education, Whilst holding this post he presided over 
 the Board of Health until the resignation of Lord Palmerston’s ministry in 
 1858. In August, 1859, he was appointed Vice-President of the Board of 
 Trade, and in February, i860. First Commissioner of Public Works, which 
 office he held until the fall of the Russell administration in 1866. During his 
 six years’ tenure of the latter office the administration of the parks of the 
 metropolis was greatly improved. Mr. Cowper’s parliamentary connection 
 with the borough of Hertford ceased in 1868, when he was returned for South 
 Hampshire. In 1871 he assumed the additional name of Temple by royal 
 licence, in compliance with a clause in the will of his step-father. Lord Palmer- 
 ston. Mr. Cowper-Temple has taken a very active part in the business of 
 legislation. He passed through the House of Commons “The Medical 
 Bill” (1858), by which the Medical Council was established ; “The Thames 
 Embankment Bill” (1862-3) i the “ Courts of Justice Building Bill ” (1863) ; 
 and the “ Metropolitan Commons Bill ” (1866). He also made his mark on 
 the “ Elementary Education Bill ” of 1870, by proposing the famous “ Cowper- 
 Temple clause,” to exclude from all rate-built schools every catechism and 
 formulary distinctive of denominational creed, and to sever altogether the 
 relation between the local School Boards and the denominational schools, 
 leaving the latter to look solely to the central grants for help. This clause 
 was accepted by the government and carried by an enormous majority. 
 
 Mr. Cowper-Temple has more recently laid several proposals before Parlia- 
 ment relating to the medical education of women. 
 
 33 
 
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HIS GRACE 
 
 THE DUKE OF ABERCORN, K.G.', 
 
 LORD LIEUTENANT OF IRELAND, 
 
 
 ND head of the ancient and illustrious Scotch house of Hamilton, 
 is the son of James Viscount Hamilton, by Harriet, second 
 daughter of the late Hon. John Douglas. He was born in 
 London, January 21, 18 1 1. When he was three years old he lost 
 his father, and at the age of seven he succeeded to the title 
 of his grandfather, the first Marquis of Hamilton. He was carefully brought 
 up under the guardianship of his stepfather, the Earl of Aberdeen, who 
 afterwards became Prime Minister of England. His academical education 
 he received at Christ Church, Oxford ; in politics he has always been 
 a consistent Conservative, the first vote he ever gave in the House 
 of Peers having been recorded against the Whig Reform Bill. In 1844, 
 he was created a Knight of the Garter, and from 1846 to 1859 he held 
 the office of Groom of the Stole to the late Prince Consort. In 1864, 
 he made a claim to the old Dukedom of Chatelherault in Prance, which was 
 created in 1548, but Napoleon HI. assigned it to his own kinsman, the 
 twelfth Duke of Hamilton. There can be no doubt, however, that the 
 present Duke of Abercorn is the male descendant and representative 
 of the Regent Arran, first Duke of Chatelherault. When the Conservatives 
 came into power in 1866, the Marquis of Hamilton was nominated to the 
 important post of Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. The appointment gave great 
 satisfaction in that country, where he is a large landed proprietor, being the 
 possessor of more than 80,000 acres in the counties of Tyrone and Donegal. 
 A leading incident during his Viceroyalty was the visit of the Prince 
 of Wales to Ireland. He held the office of Lord Lieutenant till 1868, and, 
 in August of that year his Excellency was raised to the Dukedom of 
 Abercorn in the peerage of Ireland, in recognition of his very able 
 administration of the government of the country during a critical and 
 difficult period. On the return of the Conservatives to power under 
 Mr. Disraeli in 1874, his Grace was again appointed Lord Lieutenant 
 of Ireland, and he took the oaths of office on the 3rd of March in Dublin 
 Castle. He married, in 1832, Lady Louisa Jane Russell, second daughter 
 of the sixth Duke of Bedford, K.G. His eldest son, the Marquis of 
 Hamilton, is M. P. for Donegal; his second son. Lord Claud J. Hamilton, 
 is M. P. for Lynn Regis ; and his third son. Lord George Hamilton, is M. P. 
 for Middlesex and Under-Secretary of State for India. 
 
 34 
 
 

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THE MOST REVEREND 
 
 ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL TAIT, D. D., 
 
 ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY. 
 
 
 .S born at Edinburgh, December 22, 18 ii, being the fifth 
 and youngest son of the late Mr. Crauford Tait, Writer to 
 the Signet, who resided at Harvieston, county Clackmannan, 
 Scotland, by a daughter of Sir Islay Campbell, Bart. He was 
 educated first at the High School, and at the Academy of 
 Edinburgh, afterwards at the University of Glasgow, and finally at Balliol 
 College, Oxford, which he entered in 1830, having been elected an 
 exhibitioner on Snell’s foundation. He became a Fellow and Tutor of 
 Balliol College, and was one of the four Tutors who called for the censure 
 of the University authorities upon the famous “ Tract 90,” written by 
 Dr. Newman. On the death of Dr. Arnold, in 1842, Dr. Tait was 
 appointed to the Head Mastership of Rugby, which he held until his 
 nomination, in 1850, to the Deanery of Carlisle. The deaths, within a 
 few days, of several of Dr. Tait’s children while he lived at Carlisle, excited 
 very general sympathy with him in that bereavement. It was in 1856, 
 when Dr. Blomfield was allowed, by a special Act of Parliament, to resign 
 the See of London, that Dr. Tait was raised to the Episcopal Bench. He 
 brought to his diocese, with its enormous population, the same ardent 
 zeal for missionary work among the poorest and most ignorant classes that 
 he had shown at Carlisle. He even appeared more than once as an 
 open-air preacher in Covent Garden Market, and in an omnibus yard at 
 Islington, besides taking part in the great public meetings for religious 
 worship and instruction at Exeter Hall, and in other non-ecclesiastical 
 buildings. At the same time his Lordship strove not less diligently than 
 his predecessor, and with a larger amount of popular support, to build 
 new churches in various districts of the metropolis where the population 
 had most rapidly increased. For this object he started, in 1863, the 
 “ Bishop of London’s Fund,” by inviting the clergy and laity of his diocese 
 to join him in undertaking to raise by public subscription ^1,000,000, 
 to be applied by trustees, in a prescribed manner, to the relief of the 
 spiritual destitution of the metropolis. On the death of Dr. Longley, in 
 1868, Dr. Tait was raised to the highest dignity in the Church, being 
 nominated by the Crown, Archbishop of Canterbury, and Primate of all 
 England. By virtue of his office. His Grace is President of the Upper 
 House of the Convocation of the Province of Canterbury. 
 
 35 
 

WILLIAM HOWARD RUSSELL, LL.D., 
 
 AS born in Dublin, 1821 ; entered Trinity College, 1838; was 
 OJ'" the “Times” in 1843. He went to Denmark 
 during the war of 1849-50. In the following year he was 
 called to the bar (Middle Temple). In February, 1854, he 
 went out to Malta with the vanguard of the British Expedition ; 
 and subsequently accompanied the Light Division to Gallipoli. He 
 proceeded with the first detachment from Gallipoli to Scutari, and from 
 Scutari to Varna. On the embarkation for the Crimea he was attached to 
 the Second Division, and landed with it on 14th September. He was 
 present at the Battle of the Alma on 20th September, 1854 ; at the 
 investment of Sebastopol ; at the Battle of Balaclava, 25th October ; and 
 at the Battle of Inkerman, November 5th. He shared the sufferings of 
 the army during the winter and spring of 1854-5. In June, 1855, he ac- 
 companied the expedition to Kertch, and witnessed the attack of June i8th 
 and the assault of 8th September which led to the evacuation of the south 
 side of Sebastopol. Subsequently he was with the expedition which reduced 
 Kinburn. 
 
 In 1856 Mr. Russell proceeded to Moscow to describe the coronation 
 of the Czar, and was received with much consideration. In the following 
 year he was attached to the Head-Quarters of Lord Clyde in India. He 
 was present at the siege and capture of Lucknow in 1858, the operations in 
 Oude, the battle of Bareilly, and the actions in Rohilcund, which preceded 
 the suppression of the revolt. In 1859 he went to Italy, and arrived on the 
 eve of the armistice at Villa Franca. In 1861 he proceeded to the United 
 States. His account of the Federal retreat at the first battle of Bull Run 
 excited much adverse feeling. In 1863 he returned to England. On the 
 outbreak of the Austro- Prussian War of 1866 he joined the Head-Quarters 
 of Benedek and witnessed the battle of Konigsgratz (July 3rd). He unsuccess- 
 fully contested the borough of Chelsea at the general election as Conservative 
 candidate. He accompanied the Prince of Wales to Constantinople, the 
 Crimea, and Greece, two years later. When the war of 1870 broke out 
 Mr. Russell repaired to the Head-Quarters of the Crown Prince of 
 Prussia, and was with it from the battle of Worth ( August 6th), the battle 
 of Sedan (September i), till the capitulation of Paris. In 1875-6 he accom- 
 panied the Prince of Wales in his tour through India. Mr. Russell started 
 the “ Army and Navy Gazette,” of which he is editor and principal proprietor, 
 before the American War, and he has written several works, some of which 
 have gone through many editions. He has received the honorary degree of 
 LL. D., is Knight of the Iron Cross, and has the Prussian war medal, 
 the medal for the Indian Mutiny and clasp for Lucknow; the fourth class 
 Mejidieh and Turkish war medal ; is a Commander of the Order of 
 Franz Josef of Austria, St. Sauveur of Greece, of the (Jsmanieh, See. 
 
 36 
 
 

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