ANDREAE ALCIATi iNSIGKIA Ntt»jMrfw fYocrdjlindniim . A L CI A T AE genth infignid fufltnet dice , vnguibus eJT* ^nJ^lvfen ocvot^ocWofjiiv®- , Confldt Alexdndmm fic reffondilje rogdndp Qui tot ohmffet tempore gefld breui : Umqudmy inquhy diffene uolens , (^uod ^iniicdt dice : fortior biec dubitei ocyor dn ne fict • THE GETTY CENTER LIBRARY GVLIELMO STIRLING-MAXWELL, EQVITI-BARONETTO DE KEIR, EDINBVRG.T. VNIVERSITATIS RECTORI OBSERVANTIAM SVMMAM OSTENDERE GRATIASQVE PERSOLVERE AVCTOR HOC MODO CONATVR. M.DCCC.LXXir. PREFACE. ERMES and his symbols were amongst the most fre- quent figures which antiquity supplied to the em- blematists of the sixteenth century. These symbols, with the motto, Virtvti fortvna comes," Fortitne is the companion of manly effort, appear to have been applied by Alciati as early as 1522 to Jason Maine. Though not adopted by Alciati himself, they were, — the motto excepted, — sculptured on his tomb ; they stand forth with the horns of plenty on his medallion, and were assigned to him by Giovio and Symeoni. For his chamber in his own house at Pavia he b vi Preface, set up his family arms, and the answer in Greek' which Alexander the Great is said to have returned to one who wished to know the chief element in his prosperous fortune — MHAEN ANABAAAOMENO^, By never procrastinating.'' And very aptly do such expressive emblems and words figure forth his own career. Alciati began to build on the conviction that without effort and con- stancy of purpose there could be no success ; and his experience is great encouragement for others to fol- low the same splendid guidance. In preparing the Dissertations and Essays ap- pended to my reprint of Geffrey Whitney's Choice of Emblemes, London 1866, 4to, and the account of emblem authors before and during the lifetime of Shakespeare, for my Shakespeare and the Emblem Writers, London 1870, large 8vo, I found there was a great want of a tolerable bibliography of emblema- tical literature, — a want which has not yet been supplied. The meagreness of the ordinary biblio- graphers in this field may be estimated by the fact that Brunet's Manuel du Libraire, Paris 1865, 6 vols. 8vo, out of 31,872 contains but 113 titles of books of emblems, referred to in his sixth volume, col. 147 and cols. 992-995. ^ See Viccdctoli^s Anecdotes of A Iciaii, Appendix^^. 311. 2 The artist who executed the engraving in the Museum Mazzuchellianum, vol. i. tab. I, No. 8, made a mistake in deciphering the Greek inscription round the symbols of Hermes ; he transcribed the two AA's as if they were a single M. Preface. Vll Yet the Catalogue des Livres imprimes de la Bib- liotheque du Roi, Paris about 1750, 10 vols, folio, contains not less than 252 such titles. Amongst the books that might be recommended as useful on this subject are : Menestrier's Jugement des Auteiirs qui ont krit des Devises^ pre- fixed to his Philosophie des Images, Paris 1695, 8vo; at pp. i, 20, 67 are named 77 authors of emblem works. Syinbola et Emblemata quce in Bibliotheca Blandfordiense reperi- uniur, [London] 1809, 4to; it gives 290 titles. Catalogus Librorum quce BibliotheccB Bla7idfordie7isi nuper additi sunt 1814, 4to ; the titles are 11. White Knights Library, — Catalogue of that distinguished and cele- brated library. London 1819, 2 vols. 8vo [9.7 in. x 5.9]. The White Knights library was supposed to be pecuHarly rich in books of emblems. It was formed by George, marquess of Blandford, afterwards (1817) fourth dvike of Marlborough. He was born 1766 and died 1840, See also Catalogiis Librorum in Bibliotheca Blandfordiense, 1812. Catalogo dei Libri d'Arte posseduti dal Cofite Cicognara, Pisa 1821, 2 vols. Bvo; vol. i. pp. 318-334, Nos. 1880-1977 ; with 148 titles. A beautiful MS. Catalogue by Henry White, the sacrist of Lich- field cathedral, a well-known collector of emblem books, contains the titles of many choice works in this kind of literature. He died 8th April 1836, aged 75, and was a friend of Miss Seward's and of her circle. He is noticed in John WxchoXs' Ilhisf rations of Literary Histoiy, vol. vii. p. 363. Catalogue of the prijited books and manuscripts bequeathed by Francis Douce, esq., to the Bodleian library ; Oxford, at the uni- versity press, 1840, folio. The titles of emblem books in this catalogue are 313, and of Horse 88. Essay towards a collection of books relating to Proverbs, Emblems and Ana., beijig a Catalogue of those at Keir. London i860. [Pri- vately printed by sir WiUiam Stirling-Maxwell, bart.] Pages 11 1 ; the titles of emblem books 255. Catalogue de la Biblioihcque de M. Van der Helle, Paris 1863, VIU Preface. 8vo. Nos. 172-194 and 1608-1818 contain 211 titles of emblem books. The Catalogue of the Books for sale of the Rev. Thomas Corser, March 1869, London, 8vo, has of emblem books 178 titles, and that of July 1870, 49 titles ; total 227. Catalogue of Books of E7?iblems, the property of an Amateur [J. W. Remington, esq.], sold i8th August 1869, London, 8vo ; the titles number 358. A MS. Catalogue of Emblem-hooks, now before me, extracted in September 1870 from the Royal library of Berlin, records 208 titles. On the same plan as my Bibliographical Catalogue of Alciati's Emble^n-books, I myself prepared a MS. Catalogue, with 189 titles, of the Emblem-books of Mr. Corser's library; and a Catalogue, with 304 titles, of those of H. Yates Thompson's, esq., at Thing- wall near Liverpool. The MS. Catalogue of emblem works in the library of sir William Stirling-Maxwell, bart., at Keir, supplies the large number of 1390 titles. From these and many other sources I have formed an hidex of Emblein Books, of which the titles num- ber upwards of 3000, and the authors above 1 300. It is therefore no narrow strip of European Htera- ture that has to be surveyed and mapped out, and of which a specimen is presented to the pubHc in this Bibliographical Catalogue, — but it is a goodly terri- tory, where men of note have had their avocations and homes, and multitudes have sought instruction and amusement. To many a scholar, at the present day, this emblem-land is unknown ; but surely that is no valid reason why its peculiar wealth should still remain unchronicled ? As works of genius indeed, if we except those of Preface. ix Jacob Catz, emblem-books can make no high pre- tensions; they were generally the trifles for a day, rather than monuments for ages ; and though in many cases produced by men of great learning, skill and talent, they belong to the things which amuse and perchance delight, and not to those which invi- gorate and enlighten the soul. But on estimating the value of the emblem-book literature, it should be remembered that nearly every motto had its corresponding pictorial device, and that the impresas or plates may not unfrequently be traced to the pencil or the graving tool of masters artistically renowned. For designs they were indebted to Al- ber Durer, 1471-1 518 ; to Michael Angelo, 1474- 1563; Titian, 1477-1576; Giulio Bonasone, 1498- 1581 ; Prospero Fontana, 15 12- 1597; Parmigiano, 1555 - 1600; and Agostino Caracci, 1558- 1602. Celebrated artists in wood and in copper worked at them: Olpe de Bergman, 1494; Hans Holbein, 1498-1554; Bernard Solomon, 1512-1598; Virgil Solis, 1514-1562; Hans Schauffelein, 1517; Theo- dore de Bry, 1 528-1 598 ; Jost Ammon, 1 539-1 591 ; Gerard de Jode, 1541-1591 ; Tobias and John Chr. Stimmer, 1544 and 1552 ; John Wiercx, Jerome and Anthony, 1550, 1552 and 1554; Otho van Steen, 1556- 1564; Crispin de Passe, 1560-1645; John Theodore de Bry, 1561 ; Boetius, Adam and Schel- teius Bolswert, 1580 and 1586 ; Rob. Boissard, 1590 ; Christopher and Charles van Sichem, 1600; Wen- X Preface. ceslaus Hollar, 1 607-1 677, &c. Surely this is a roll of names, ' not unillustrious, that might create the desire to know something of the emblem-books which were deemed worthy of the efforts of their genius to adorn. How the survey of emblem-literature just spoken of might be accomplished is in some degree indicated by this Bibliographical Catalogue. Notices of very many, if not of all the editions of Alciati's emblem- books have been brought together ; and by similar efforts and a like method, — by combining con- tributions from various libraries, and by collating the emblem-works according to a common prin- ciple, — that which has been done for one might also be done for the whole community of emblem-book authors. An equal diffuseness with ours would have to be avoided, and probably some modifications of the plan be regarded as desirable. The Alphabetical Index referred to would furnish valuable guidance in the researches demanded ; and were one or more of the most extensive emblem- book collections made the basis for supplying the index with fuller titles, and a more exact nomen- clature of printers' names and cities, and with dates, — there would soon be formed a large general cata- logue, with which the catalogues of various important public and private libraries might readily be com- pared ; so that the editions already named might be Preface. xi verified, and unnoticed editions brought into the index and catalogue. Out of such labours in time would grow a thorough survey, a Doomsday-book for the entire kingdom of that emblem-literature, to which Alciati's illustrated epigrams serve as a type and an example. As in the Enqtietes after editions of the Alciati emblem-books (see Bibliog. Catalogue^ pp. 1 1 o and 112, 331-334), an alphabetical index and a circular, named above, being printed, a copy of each should be sent to the libraries deemed hopeful of results ; and during the coming in of the returns, the materials would be accumulating for carrying out the entire enterprise. The postal arrangements of modern civilization offer facilities for carrying forward such a proposal which did not exist a few years ago ; and the author therefore may be pardoned for suggesting what, he believes, would not be difficult to effect, but which must be left for some other person to accomplish. A few words of explanation are demanded for inserting collations of several emblem works, as of Willet, Rollenhagen and Wither, which are proved to have been of independent origin. First of all, though entered they are not separately enumerated ; and then authorities of repute had assigned them a direct derivation from Alciati, or an intimate connec- tion with the Milan emblems ; and it might have Xll Preface. been deemed no trifling defect had they remained undescribed or unrecorded. Again ; an EngHsh version of Alciati's emblems is in readiness and has been announced for publication. This also is inserted (see Bibliog. Catalogue, p. 278); but it is premature to speak of it with the same certainty as of a book already printed. The author has found the labour of preparing this work sweetened by many courtesies. He wishes that in return he could have issued less imperfect results of his Bibliographical Study. For the col- lations not made by himself he is not entirely accountable ; for all others he stands at the judg- ment-seat, ready to amend what is defective, and to add what is shown to be wanting. H. G. Knutsford, May \oth, 1872. Erratum. At page 166, last line, omit the words "where he had been buried." N.B. This Edition is limited 250 copies. xiii CONTENTS. Title-page, &c .pages i-iv Preface v-xii Contents xiii-xvi Life of Andrea Alciati 1-78 General View of the Emblem-books of Alciati 79-96 Bibliographical Catalogue of the various Editions 97-284 Preliminary Notice 99-102 Editions in the order of their dates 103-278 Tables of Alciati's Emblem-books 279-284 Appendix. I. Documents from signor Piccaroli of Pavia : \° Account of a fine engraving of Alciati's monument 285-286 2" Varondell's O ratio in funere Magni Alciati 287-292 3° Extracts respecting Andrea and Francisco Alciati 292 4° Notice of Zoncada's Alciati e le Univerzita d'' Italia de' suoi tempi 293 5" Extracts from Anecdoten von dem Recht gelehrten Andreas Alciat, especially from Bouk's Oratio de vita Andreae Alciati, 1560 294-298 6" Letters and Documents collected by signor prof. Serafini... 299-306 70 Letter from professor Bussedi to professor Serafini, May loth 1869 307-310 8" Letters, accompanying the preceding Documents, from signor Piccaroli of Pavia, 28th Oct, and i6th Dec. 1871 310-318 II. Mottoes and Titles to Alciati's Emblems 319-325 III. Addenda : I ° Brief Explanatory Notes 325-326 2° Other editions added 326-331 3° Enquetes, or Circulars of Inquiry 331-334 Conclusion 335 IV. Corrigenda 336 General Index 337*344 XIV Contents. ILLUSTRATIONS. Where these prints are not otherwise described they are cut on wood. The photo-hthographs and Hthographs were executed by Mr. George Waterstone at Edinburgh ; and the woodcuts by Mr. WiUiam Morton, Manchester. In describing the portraits the head is stated to be turned to- wards the right hand {r.) or left hand (/.) of the person represented. The sizes of the original prints are given in inches and tenths of inches. Title-page : Architectural border with the bust of Andrea Alciati (/. ) inserted at top; from his Efnblemata; Parisiis 1602, 8vo [6. i in. x 3. 6], Photo-lithograph i Arms of And, Alciati: Embkmata, Venetiis 1546, f. verso. Photo- lithograph ii Dedication: Arms of sir William Stirling-Maxwell, bart., from a de- sign by Etienne de Laune iii Monument of And, Alciati in the university of Pavia. (See Life^ pp. 24-25, Appendix, pp. 286, 312,)" Reduced from the print in G. Voghera's ^;z// assigns the elk to Muscovy. 4 Life of Andrea Alciati, The earliest form of the device, in the Augsburg edition, 153 1, simply represents Mercury's wand entwined by winged serpents the Paris edition, 1534, adds to the original the winged cap and the cornucopiae, the serpents being without wings ; and the Lyons edition of 1548 gives an ornate copy of the device in the Paris edition. From being found both in the Augsburg and Paris editions this 11 8th emblem and its device would occur in the Milan collection of 1522. Alciati was then only in his 30th year, and would not have applied them to himself, for he was but just rising into fame and fortune. It was in honour of his old master, Jason Main, a noble jurisconsult, that Alciati wrote " of the serpents twain " that symbolise the men of powerful minds." Giovio, therefore, in his DialogOy p. 136, and Symeoni, in his Senteritiose Imprese,^ p. 127, are in error when they name the device of Mercury's wand &c. Alciati's own symbol. Tt might indeed be applied to him by others, as in the medal of Alciati engraved in De Gaetani's Mttseum Mazztichellianum, vol. i. tab. 1. No. 8, but it was not composed by him for himself. Another conjecture, however, may be hazarded, that at an early period of his life Alciati had joined one of the academies or literary clubs of Italy, and that the motto and device of his 11 8th emblem had been assigned to him by his co-literati as the insignia of his membership. From his early boyhood Andrea Alciati was accustomed to learning, and delighted in the studies to which he was ^ As in the ornamental capital at the beginning of The Life, p. i. « The following is the Italian stanza to the Imprese "Dell " Alciato : * ' Mai non aumne che Vhuom buono et dotto, Se ben pare hoggi che Pignaro sia Solo essaltato, hauesse carestia, Ne ch^al vitio virtu stesse di sottoy i.e. Never happens the chance that man learned and good, — Although for the day the ignorant appear Exalted alone, — dread scarcity should fear, Nor that under vice hath holy virtue stood. Education. 5 trained/ For some time he was especially favoured in Mi- lan itself by the instructions of James Parrhasius, a Neapo- litan, famous even at Rome for his skill in rhetoric and in all polite literature. Under him, as Tiraboschi testifies, vol. vii. p. 1 06 1, he was made acquainted with the Greek and the Latin tongues, and that excellent teacher had some scholars who were even equal to himself At Pavia, where for a while Alciati studied jurisprudence, Jason de Maino was his tutor, and at Bologna Carlo Ricini. In his 15th year Alciati composed his Paradoxes of the Civil Law, and according to his Address to the Reader, on publishing them in 1529, it was twelve years before, or in 15 17, that they were first of all collected. His great industry is apparent from the fact that in 15 13, when he was but 21 years of age, "his Notes on the last three books of Justinian's Institutes were written by him in the short space of fifteen days."^ After thus cultivating generally the powers of his mind, and adding to his stores of knowledge of the law both in Pavia and in Bologna, he attained at the latter university the Doctoriate of Laws, 15 14, in the 22nd year of his age. For a brief space, not more than for four years, he followed his chosen profession at Milan, and gave full promise of that eminence to which he soon after attained. Now and until her death devotion to his mother's comfort occupied many of his thoughts ; and on the authority of a letter in Bayle's Dictionary^ at this time also he was married, but to what lady is not recorded, neither did his wife accompany him when he left Milan. She may have died young ; at any rate there were no children surviving at the time of Alciati's death. 7 Grimaldi's O ratio : *' Scarcely from the cradle had he been led forth, when he gave those signs of highest promise of natural power and of virtue which led all to predict concerning him what Socrates in Plato augured concerning Iso- crates." ' Tiraboschi, vol, vii. p, 1061, 6 Life of Andrea Alciati. From the date, Milan, January 5th 15 18, affixed to the dedication of his work Prcetermissionuml' libri ii., it was just before leaving Milan for Avignon that he issued another proof of his untiring labours. He has inscribed it "to the illustrious royal senator and most famous of jurisconsults, Jacobus Minutius." It is a tractate on law rather than a volume, yet served well to support his rising fame. In 15 18 he was called to Avignon as professor of law, with a stipend of 500 scudi, about 105/. sterling, says Tira- boschi, vol. vii. pp. 1061, 1062 ; or, according to Mignault 600 crowns, equal to 125/., reckoned a considerable sum in those days. Among the emblems. No. cxlii., is one to himself from Albutius, a poet and jurisconsult of Orleans, or rather of Milan, persuading him to withdraw from the dissensions of Italy and to become a professor in France. The argument is couched under the not unflattering legend of natural history that the Persian apple when transplanted ripens into the luscious peach. The stanza was to this effect : "These fruits, — what tree has borne? — a stranger to our clime? In eastern Persia first the tree appears; Of native land and growth a poison at its prime — Transplanted it improves ; — sweet peaches here it bears. Like to a tongue its leaf, — its apples like the heart : Learn Alciat, far from hence thy life to live ; From native home removed, thou gain'st a richer part, And wiser much in thought, a nobler lore wilt give." This emblem was undoubtedly anterior to Alciati's Milan collection of 1522 ; it was so acceptable to him that he gave it a device,^ and inserted it among the earliest of ^ The device for the 142nd emblem underwent several changes and improve- ments. In the roughly executed Augsburg edition, 1531, B 5, it is simply the trunk of a forest tree, with two or three fruit-bearing branches, such as a child might draw ; in the Paris edition, 1534, p. 34, which Alciati himself approved, the device becomes a shapely tree, with a servant offering a basket of the de- A vignon. 7 his own emblems, both in Steyner's edition of 1531, and in Wechel's of 1534. We do not doubt then that it had weight with our jurisconsult in forming his resolution to accept the Chair of Law in Avignon. We may have committed a trespass by introducing so long an illustration of the simple fact that persuasion was used to induce Alciati to leave Milan and occupy so honour- able a position at Avignon, but we have undertaken not simply a brief life but the study of the emblems, and it is necessary occasionally to speak of them as well as of the author. Of the eight orations by Alciati which have been published, the first marks his entrance on his duties at Avignon ; it is entitled An Oration in praise of the Civil Law, delivered at Avignon at the beginning of the study."^^ Fullest evi- dences were given in this university of the professor's industry and power ; and his audience often numbered 800 persons. His Book on Single Combat, dedicated "to Fran- cis, most christian king of the French," bears the date of "Avignon on the calends of March, 1529," doubtless a misprint for 15 19. In 1529 our author was professor in Bourges, where Francis was one of his auditors. Not unnaturally, however, though it has been attributed to him as a fault, Alciati, having a wife and a mother to maintain in Milan, was displeased at the inexactness with which his salary and his honoraria were paid. With him it was not sufficient to feast his eyes on the fair dishes of Per- sian peaches ; he must taste them and dispense them as well. At the end of three years, Tiraboschi says " in the year 1521," he returned to Milan. In this year, according to Jortin, vol. i. p. 259, that famous scholar Erasmus " contracted a friendship with the learned veloped fruit; and in the editions of the Lyons series, 1548-51, in Latin, Spanish, French and Italian, the design is well filled up and executed, and the servant is laden with the fruit in baskets both on his head and in his hand. See Alciati Opera, Basileae 1582, vol. iv. col. 1022. 8 Life of Andrea Alciati. Alciat," and Tiraboschi, quoting the Epistles of Erasmus^ tome i. sp. 600, declares that Erasmus wrote to him a letter of congratulation, in which he highly praised " his learning, almost incredible for his age, and his pure morals, accom- panied by every grace.''^^ The notions of Alciati concerning the religious orders and the church were very similar to those of Erasmus (Jortin, vol. i. pp. 259, 260). Of this he gave a remarkable instance in a long and laboured letter which he sent to a particular friend.^^ This friend, Bernard Mettius, was a learned, modest, ingenious and virtuous man ; but all on a sudden, forsaking his domestics, his friends, and his aged mother who stood in need of his assistance, he turned monk in his 40th year, to the infinite grief of Alciat, who drew up an excellent dehortation from entering into that state, omitting no argument that could be urged to show the folly and the danger of making such a choice and of mixing with such associates. He concludes with exhorting his friend most earnestly, since the time of his probation was not yet elap- sed, to return to his senses, and to do his duty towards God and man. Whether Alciat succeeded in this attempt or not we cannot tell." At Avignon one of Alciati's friends was of the same Jewish family with Lopes Stunica, author of Annotationes contra Erasmum, foL, 1 5 20, and of Blasphemice et hnpietates Erasini, fol., Romae 1522. In the presence of cardinal Ximenes'3 Stunica expressed his wonder how any man could waste his time in reading the Greek New Testament, published by Erasmus in 1516, and characterised it as trash and full of monstrous faults. The cardinal immediately replied : " Would to God that all authors wrote such trash ! To the same effect is the testimony of Thuanus, Ub. viii. p. 264, " Alciatus primus purioris Hteraturae et antiquitatis cognitione ad juris scientiam." ^' Besides Jortin see Mazzuchelli, i. And. Alciati. Jortin, vol. i. p. 247. Erasmus — S tunica — Emblems 1522. 9 Either produce something better of your own, or give over prating against the labours of others." Alciati's opinion of Stunica was that he was learned in Hebrew literature, but "in what relates to Greek his remarks are the veriest trifles." The second edition of the Greek New Testament was issued for Erasmus at Bale by John Froben in 15 19. Al- ciati severely blamed the printer for insulting the Italians with the symbolical frontispiece in which Herman or Armi- nius the great German leader, A.D. 10, had conquered Quintilius Varus the Roman general ; but the sting of the insult was in the motto applied to Varus : " Tandem vipera sibilare desiste," Viper, at lengtJi give over Jiissijig. In reference to the outbreak against the Church of Rome at the beginning of the sixteenth century, it has been said: " Erasmus laid the egg, and Luther hatched it," but neither Erasmus nor Alciati had any admiration for the roughness of Luther's manners and invectives. The jurisconsult did not really concern himself at all about the reformer's cause, but simply intimated, "that perhaps it was of public interest that some one should restrain the licence of the Roman court, and defend even wrong things, so that at length right things might be obtained." Alciati's writings show him to have been of the Catholic faith, and adverse to all superstition and violence. Soon after his return to Milan, namely in 1522, Alciati is credited by Brunet and others with having first printed a book of emblems, containing one hundred subjects, but which was so badly executed that in disgust he withdrew it, and destroyed whatever copies of it he could. When we come to the proper place in our Bibliographical study, — to the Editions of the Emblems in the order of their date, • — we shall speak fully of this Milan collection gathered by him into a volume, and known in manuscript among his friends, but probably not published to the world : they were the pro- lO Life of Andrea Alciati. ductions of his early manhood, thrown off from an instructed mind almost without any study, as the occasion or the fancy dictated. Wechel's Paris edition of his emblems, 1534, to the pages of which we refer, is almost identical with the Milan volume of 1522, — and there it is evident that a con- siderable number betoken the Young-man intent on filial affection, pp. 9, 73, — the Student awakened to tender feelings that Hterature itself could not inspire, p. 75, — or the Lover strongly impressed by Cupid's power, pp. 8, 11, 69, 77, 80, 102, — or the Husband whom love and reve- rence alike attach to his wife, pp. 14, 16, 46, 65, 100, — and fondness to his children, p. 48. Stanzas are directed against Illicit Love, pp. 21, 29, 33; Avarice, pp. 15, 55 ; and Gluttony, pp. 54, 91. There are also several emblems, at pp. 6, 10, 12, 16, 31, 76, 85, 86, iii, 115, on Alliances, Concord, Fidelity, Friendship after death, the Mind and not the Beauty, the Love of virtue. Peace, the Excellent citizen, and Mindfulness of one's country. These all give evidence to a very healthy state of the intellect, and of the affections ; and prove that whatever were the dreams of ambition or the desire after wealth they did not stifle the higher claims of duty. At the beginning of his career there were noble thoughts and purposes stirring in his soul, and these would affect the tenour of his whole life. What Alciati named emblems, Quadrio, as we have men- tioned before on p. i, regarded as epigrams, descriptive of figures or devices. Of epigrams, Alciati was a very fertile writer. It does not appear at what period of his life he composed these, but they may, in part at least, be ranked with the tyrocinia or productions of his youth. In 1745 there still existed in manuscript three books of epigrams, and in 1753^^ mention is made that among existing manu- scripts were Epigrainmatttm, libri v., in the library of the Visconti, attributed to Alciati in his youth. He also ren- Argelati, vol. i. coll. 24-26. Mazzuchelli, vol. i. pp. 370, 371. Milan 1522 to 1529 — Botirges 1529. 11 dered into Latin verse the Clouds of Aristophanes, and wrote Annotations on Ausonius.^^ For seven years Alciati followed the duties of his profes- sion in Milan, but neither of his domestic nor of his public life are the records known. Envious of his success, or jea- lous of his influence, enemies grew up around him. This was a sufficient cause why in 1529 he should listen to the tempting offers of the king of France, Francis I., who was himself a skilful and generous judge of talent. The king summoned him to the university of Bourges, which had been founded by S. Louis about 1260, and re-established by Louis XL in 1463. In this city he had a large auditory, and the dauphin coming one day to hear him made him "a gift of a medal of gold of the value of 400 crowns."^'' The gal- lant king himself sometimes attended his lecture room, and in the second year of his professorship increased his income to 1200 crowns, a very large payment for those days, but earned by untiring application. Alciati's sojourn in France added mightily to his fame ; he was full of vigour, and both projected and carried on to a completion works which, in the estimation of his learned contemporaries, were worthy of eternal memory. It is not to my purpose," writes his chief biographer, Claude Mignault, " to run through each single thing which Alciati accomplished during that five years residence at Bourges, but I cannot omit the speech which he made at the moment when Francis, the king, entered his lecture Tl\is will serve to explain a remark in Grimaldi's Funeral Oration, p. 6, respecting the Emblems, Epigrams, Elegies, Comedies and other Poems of which Alciati was the author. 17 Tiraboschi, vol. vii. p. 1063. This "medal of gold," however, could not be the same with that mentioned by Argelati, vol. ii. col. 1936, B. " There is preserved in C. J. Marian Mazzuchelli, a very learned man of Brescia, a medal of our Alciati, which on the back part exhibits the Caduceus of Mercury and a double Cornucopioe accompanied by these marks ' ANAP02 AIKAIOY KAPHOS OTK AnOAATTAI,'" The fruit of the just man perishes not. See also at p. 3, emb. 118. 12 Life of A 7idrea A Iciati. room and remained present. * That one praise,' observed the lecturer, * is not the least among many, so to have char- med the mind of my auditor, that the royal majesty in person, has appeared to lower the fasces, the ensigns of his power, in honour of myself, while sitting on the throne of jurisprudence.' "^^ If, during his recent residence in Milan, Alciati did not present to his friend, the very learned Conrad Peutinger, the scholar and statesman of Augsburg, a copy of his collection of emblems, he must have done so sometime in 1530, not long after commencing his professorial duties at Bourges ; for the printing of the little work was finished by Steyner, February 28th 153 1. This Augsburg imprint contains only 104 emblems, and is, therefore, almost identical with the earlier collection of Milan, — the Emblem Album, we ven- ture to name it, of one hundred subjects. Could we point out the few that are additional, though the original of 1522 may have utterly perished, we should in fact be able to name the very hundred that were first of all composed. Thus the emblem on leaf A 2 v, Steyner's edition 153 1, FOEDERA Italorvm, appears to relate to the league of 1526; emblem, Q 2 v, AvxiLiVM NVNQVAM deficiens, be- longs to a time later than 1522; emblem, C 8, FlRMlS- SIMA CONVELLI iioii posse, cannot be dated earlier than 1529; and emblem, D 6, In stvdiosvm captum amove, according to Guicciardini, was written against a certain Jerome of Padua, and may therefore bear date nearer to 1531 than to 1522. Striking these emblems from the 104 The 7th of Alciati's Orations^ bearing the date 1529, was delivered before Francis Valois, king of the French, and marked the year when he began his duties at Bourges. The same year he dedicated to Francis his book O71 single Combat, On the kalends of May 1529 he addressed his work Concerning the Signification of Words to the archbishop of Bourges; and in September 1529 he issued an edition of his Paradoxes. A year this showing the utmost activity of labour. The Emblems — their cha7^acter. 13 in the Augsburg edition, we can name exactly the 100 emblems which make up the Milan collection. ^9 The Latin stanzas addressed by Alciati to Conrad Peu- tinger have remained the Preface to nearly every edition of the emblems. The strain in which they are written not only manifests the close intimacy which existed between the two friends, but also points out that the emblems had been chiefly the amusement of the festive or sportive hours of life, of leisure and relaxation, and not the serious engage- ment of study and mental power. Mr. J. B. Yates, in his Sketch, p. 21, remarks: "His emblems, composed in Latin verse, evince much learning and observation, and are pro- nounced by the elder Scaliger to be, * beaiUiftd, chaste and elegant, tJioiigJi not deficient in strengtJi, conveying sentiments such as may be advantageously applied to civil life.' " 20 At a period considerably later, about 1680, Aurelio Amalteo, who translated Alciati's emblems into Italian verses,2i and dedicated them to the emperor Leopold, thus addressed his sovereign in praise of the author, " Amongst all the kinds of Poetry there is perhaps not any more profitable than the Moral, and amongst Moral Poets there is peradventure none more profitable than Alciati, who collecting the very marrow of the Greek and Latin writers, set before the world a quintessence of learning and an Elixir-Vita^ of erudition." This is undoubtedly true, and yet, the author himself being witness, his emblems were ethical wisdom at play, pledged indeed to truth and right, yet running gambols ^9 For the full statement of the subject see The Catalogue of the Editions of the Emblems of Alciati, Nos. i and 2. 2° " Dulcia sunt, pura sunt, elegantia sunt : sed non sine neruis. Sententiae vere tales, vt etiam ad vsum ciuilis vitoe conferant." 21 See a splendid manuscript, in large 4to, of 146 leaves, now in the Keir library, " Gli Emblejui delV Alciati-, it gives the original Latin text, devices newly etched, and Amalteo's Italian version ; and though ready for the press is not known to have been printed. 14 Life of Andrea A Iciati. among flowers and leaves, and ornaments of rock work. Their composition was aided by a memory rich in classical treasures, and directed as much to amuse as to instruct.22 Lightly and, it may be said, trippingly does the emble- matist address his friend : " While boys the nuts beguile, and youths the dice, And sluggish men the figured board detains ; For festive hours each emblem and device We forge, that artist's hand illustrious feigns. As some on gowns have skill the tufts to weave, And some to fashion shields with borders wide. So work most pressing others idly leave In silent notes to write from tide to tide. Caesar supreme rich coins on thee bestows And choicest works of skill from ancient days, I will a poet give a poet's vows. And, Chonrad, of my love this pledge I pay." While resident at Bourges Alciati sometimes visited the city of Paris, at a distance of 125 miles, and delivered lec- tures there. On one of these occasions he made the acquain- tance of a celebrated printer, the father of a family of printers," Christian Wechel, and to him communicated his discontent respecting the Augsburg edition of his emblems in 153 1. His own plan was to call them in and destroy them : but Wechel offered better counsel ; it was that he should correct them, and issue a more exact and a more artistic volume.^^ This counsel prevailed, and will be set forth when we treat of Wechel's edition of the emblems, Paris 1534; "the first correct edition," says Mr. Yates in 22 Such is the exact, view of them which Wolphgang Hunger takes in the pre- face to his edition of Alciati's emblems, Paris 1542, "turned into German rhymes," 23 See Wechel's preface and dedication to the Paris edition of Alciati's em- blems, 1534, where express reference is made to the Germans, i.e. to those of Augsburg (for nowhere else among Germans had the emblems been published), for having done their work so carelessly "as if for the sake of lessening its esti- mation." Epigrams on leaving Botirges. 1 5 his Sketch, p. 21, and ''illustrated by beautiful wood-engra- vings." About the year 1534, according to Mignaultj^"^ Francis Sforza,2^ duke of Milan, touched by the love and glory of his now famous subject, re-called him to his native land. Alciati is said to have been reluctant to leave Bourges, where he enjoyed both honour and emolument ; but to take away all reasonable excuse for remaining abroad, and to sweeten the return home, his sovereign invested him with senatorial rank, and, though commanding him to undertake the duties of instruction at Pavia, endowed him with an ample income. It was on leaving Bourges and seeking Italy again that, in testimony of a grateful mind towards the city and univer- sity which had manifested so much good-will towards him- self, he wrote a four-lined Latin stanza which finds no place in any of his emblem-books. It may indeed be under- stood satirically, though involving a compliment to the people who for five years had so hospitably received him.^^ Thou loving city Bourges ! thee loving, unwillingly I leave ; Through summers five the land wast thou inhabited by me. Now need there is from wether sheep to sucking calves to go, — Therefore farewell ! and fortunate wool-gathering be to thee." It is implied that the calves of Italy arc less docile than the lambs of France, but, although the verse was candidly written by a man of candid mind, some evil-speaking trifler who, for some cause, was unfriendly to Alciati, so took up 2^ Andrex Alciati Vita. 25 The son of Ludovico Sforza, who was the friend of Leonardi da Vinci ; but this Francis Sforza was seated on the ducal throne only for a short time, and this may have been the reason why Alciati so soon quitted Pavia. 26 i i yj-l)s Biturix imiitus anians te desero amaniem, Qidnqiie per (Estates terra habitata mihi: Nunc opus ad vitulos est a vertiicibiis ire. Ergo vale, et felix sit tibi laniciiwi. " Vita Alciati, Paris 1602. 1 6 Life of A ndrea A Iciati. the thought and buffeted it about, that in reply he cahimni- ously sung the same number of Hnes thus : ^7 "Not us but our nTonies did Alciat love, And silently vanished from hosts he despised ; Sucking calves he can feed : but wherever he rove. As he shivers with cold, our wool must be prized." So Alciati left Bourges and took up his residence as a professor in Pavia in 1534 or 1535, for the exact date is un- certain. It was probably with the second of his orations that he commenced his labours in this university. Here he was engaged to fill an active part in re-invigorating and guiding the studies ; and in an oration which he publicly delivered there, says Mignault, "himself confesses that he had been recalled from distant regions by the Prince Sforza, who had acquaintance only with the commendation of his worth ; and that he had been adorned with a diploma of highest dignity, and endowed with an ample honorarium in his office of professor." This first sojourn at Pavia was of short continuance. It was marked however by the publication of one of his larger works, dated May 1536, namely, Parergcon, libri xii., dedicated "to the Baron a Waltpiirg hereditary standard-bearer to the Sacred Roman Empire." He soon withdrew to Bologna, "the nurse of studies," — the oldest and still the firft of the universities of Italy, founded by Theodosius II. near to the middle of the fifth century, and restored by Charlemagne. Here for five entire years 28 Alciati taught the civil law; and with celebrity so 27 '■^ Non nos, sed nostras nummos Alzatus amabat, Qui tacittis spretis vanuit hospitibus, Ille ergo valeat vitulos pastiirus : at ilhwi Nostra vel horrentem frigore lana teget^ Vita Alciati, Paris 1602. ^ The three orations which were dehvered by him "in the schools of Bologna" in 1537, 1539 and 1540, intimate the time of his residence in this university. Bologna ; — mtimacy with P. yovius. 1 7 great that no man, we are told, who left that university, was deemed sufificiently learned, unless he had been one of his scholars. To the great professor of law Homer's line con- cerning Teiresias, the renowned soothsayer of Thebes, has been applied : " OZ09 irkirvvTai, toL Be aKiai ataTovcrai,'"^^ He breathed and shadows vanish. From Alciati's address to Paulus Jovius,-^^ the two, about the years 1539-40, were evidently on terms of great inti- macy ; for under date " Pavia, 9. October M.D.XIL." i.e. 1539, Alciati wrote to him in this strain : Concerning these Histories of thy Times, we will treat more eloquently and pleasantly, when I shall embrace thee in the Museum, to which thou dost invite me, who am so soon about to depart from Pavia to my Buccinascium. From thence through Alciate the village of my own family I can in three hours, even on a slow mule, be carried to thee. Then will we go fishing together, and, on my word, to each one of us lame in the feet, it will be more convenient to be conveyed in boats, than on mules. Then gentler jokes will we scatter, and it will be allowed me, surveying so many portraits of men, to behold myself somewhat more comely in feature than I may be in reality. For, as I hear, thou hast placed me in the middle^i between men of eternal name, Erasmus and Bu- dseus ; so that while living I may be seen for honour's sake among the good men that are dead, which happened to M. Varro alone in the library of Augustus." The French had invaded Piedmont in 1536, but Charles v., collecting his forces in the north of Italy, drove them off, and in turn invaded France, but without permanent suc- cess, and withdrew again into Italy. In 1538 a truce was Odyss. K, line 495, — the true reading being " t»ta^ ireTrvvadai' rol de (TKial ^ See Giovio's Historifs of hi^ Time, folio, Basil 1578. 3' In Jovio's Elogia, folio, 2nd ed., Basil 1577, the portrait of Budjeus follows next after that of Erasmus. C i8 Life of A fidrea A Iciati. made between Charles and Francis. This may explain how it was, that at the command of the emperor, Alciati was recalled to Pavia in 1 540 or 1 541, and resided there about two years. In nothing did he remit the industry to which he had been accustomed. His example, it has been said, was that of Hercules, to whom, according to the tragic writer, the end of one labour was simply a step that pre- pared for another. The changes of abode for our peripatetic professor were not yet over. His next temptation came from Hercules d'Este, who succeeded his father as duke of Modena in 1534. The honourable conditions which the duke offered prevailed upon him to visit Ferrara. As was usual with him he recited here an inaugural oration in 1542.^2 Extraordinary expenses were incurred this year in bringing the celebrated Andrea Alciati to Ferrara.-^^ xhe great jurisconsult was treated with extreme liberality ; albeit showing that his expectations were not inconsiderable. He fulfilled however all the hopes that were formed concerning him, and soon restored the prostrate fortunes of the university. Both by the living voice and by the pen he set forth plans that greatly benefited its actual state and promised advantages for the future. The exact time of his quitting Ferrara has not been ascer- 32 See Alciati's Opera omnia^ 4 vols, folio, Basilise 1582, vol. iv. coll. 1042. 33 See Cittadella's Notizie relative to Ferrara, vol. i. p. 282. Also a letter which I received May lotli 1870, from Signor Luigi Napoleone Cav. Cittadella, librarian of the university of Ferrara, contains this passage : ' ' Andrea Alciati fu per qualche anni professore in questa Universita, cominciando dal 1 542, in cui per farlo venire a Ferrara, il Comune mando due volte appositamente a Milano : indi gli si diedero Lire marchessane 545 a termini del suo capitolato e Ducati 100 d'oro pel viaggio da Pavia a Ferrara, ed altri Ducati 50 d'oro per I'afifitto della casa di' abitazione: finalmente si fecero riparare i locali delle scuole." At (^\d. each, the " Lire marchessane 545" were, in English money, about 45/. sterling; and "Ducati 100, d'oro," at 8j-. (^d. each, 43/. 17J. ster- ling, — the two sums no trifling viaticum, in spite of the bad roads, for travelling the 130 miles from Pavia to Ferrara. There was also an outfit for his house, and his lecture room was put into repair. A t Ferrara — Pavia — Venice edition 1 546. 19 tained, but his stay there could not have been long ; for after other toils and several other journeys he sought Pavia once more in 1547, but from the index to the acts of this university it may be gathered that he was there at the end of 1 546.-^* Here he set up the final tablet of his fortunes, and for about three years more he continued to teach and write, never intermitting his studies, and never deterred by difficulties or vexations. A short time before his final return to Pavia the sons of Aldi at Venice, June ist 1546, published for Alciati a second volume of emblems, 86 in number. None of them had before been given to the light. They were the result of various hours of leisure since 1534, the date of Wechel's edition of the first volume. The Aldine editor avers, almost as if the fact was doubted, that his volume was really printed from a true original manuscript,^^ and that unless it had been so he would have acted no otherwise than to have attempted, e/c T^9 yjrdfiiJLov a')(oLvLov irXeKeiv," To weave a rope from sand. This strong asseveration leaves just a crevice for the sus- picion to creep through, that these Venice emblems, or a portion of them, first of all constituted the additional em- blems, as addenda to his Paris edition of 1542, of which Wechel was disappointed through the treachery of a famous engraver,36 insignis pcrfidia sculptor is.'' The dedication of the small Venice volume by Petrus Rhusithinus truly declares of it : " Its sportiveness, exam- ples, jokes, learning, culture, variety, elegance, devices and many other things will all yield delight." After his return to Pavia, the works which he selected for the purpose v/ere, under his own authority and recog- nition, printed in foicr volumes folio, by Michael Isingrin See Tiraboschi, vol. vii. p. 1066, ^ See Preface to Emblematiim libellus. Venetiis 1546. ^ See Preface to Wechel's edition, Parisiis 1542. Who was the famous en- graver ? 20 Life of Andrea Alciati. of Bale, and bear the date of 1549, though volume second is dated 1546. Another folio volume of Reliqua, remnants, was issued at Lyons in 1548. The Lyons and the Bale editions contain exactly the same number of emblems, 201 ; on the same subjects, in the same order and with the same text. This was almost inevitable, for both were equally authorized and reviewed and enriched by Alciati himself. Another large folio volume, though not then printed, be- longs to this period of Alciati's life for its preparation or completion ;37 it is his Very celebrated Answers. The dedi- cation to Philip of Austria, King of the Spains, and Duke of Milan" is dated from Pavia " Nonis Augusti" 1557, and was penned by a member of the Alciati family, Franciscus Alciatus, also a jurisconsult ; the work is a vast repository of ''counsels' opinions." These things show very plainly with what perseverance Alciati carried on his labours to the very end of his life. He never put off the harness. Indeed his natural vigour of mind did not fail. He was ever engaged, either in his pro- fessional duties, or in adding to his works on literature and jurisprudence, and superintending their publication, if he did not personally edit them. For three, or four years at most, he now taught in Pavia, " with a constant crowd of learned men from all quarters," says Grimaldi, "gathering around him." In immediate succession to the Venice volume of the additional emblems, there appeared of all that Alciati had published on the subject, the collection of them into one series* by Sebastian Gryphaeus of Lyons in 1548, and that by Michael Isingrin of Bale just at the same time, if not a little earlier. Roville's Latin edition also takes its date at this time. Without any reliable authority it has been averred that the Spanish translation of the emblems was executed and 3' Namely, "Z>. Andrea; Alciati Mediolanensis, lurisconsulti Celeberrimi Responsa Libris nouem digesta. " Editio7is of the emblems 1 548- 1 5 5 1 . 21 printed as early as 1540, but if it had been it could only- have contained the 1 13 emblems of Wechel's editions ; and the Spanish translation by Bernardino Daza is expressly declared in August 1548 to have been newly doners An edition with the Latin text arranged according to the sub- jects, but with devices for only a portion of them, was issued as mentioned above, by the same Roville in 1548. The first edition of Aneau's French translation from the same press in 1549 was accompanied by the first edition of Marquale's Italian translation; and in 15 50 the Latin text by the same printer reappeared. For a full collection and notice of these editions reference must be made to our Bibliographical Catalogue. They are mentioned here to show how actively the work of sending forth the text and translations of his emblems occupied our author until the end came for all mortal labour. There had now been printed, with the author's approval, 201 emblems including those on trees. The Augsburg, the Paris and the Venice collections had been gathered into one ; the heterogeneous mass was arranged into its cog- nate parts, and order introduced instead of the old con- fusion. About or during the year before his death the various collections were "Denuo ab ipso Autore recognita,"^^ Afresh revieived by the author himself. The substantial form, together with devices, was then given to the entire work, and the eleven additional emblems, published in 1549, 1550 and 1551,'*^ were already in the hands of the printers, — also direct from the author. The Privilege/' ^ See Extmict die Priuilege da Roy, in Los Einblenias de Alciato, traducidos en rhimas Espanolas. In Lyon por Gulielmo Rovillo." 8vo, 1549. 3^ See the titlepages of the emblem-editions of that time. ^ Grimaldi's Oratio may alkide to this 1551 edition as being already prepared or in preparation : Non nulla extant Epigramafa elegnter admodu coscripta pTopediem (lit spero) piiblicu acceptiira,^'' but probably he refers to the epigrammata which Alciati left in manuscript, and which have remained un- published to this day. 22 Life of Andrea Alciati. granted to Guillaume Roville, bookseller, and to Mace Bonhomme, printer in 1548, not only empowered them to print a little book entituled the Emblems of Alciati, which they have caused to be prepared and set in order by General Titles, and common places, for the more easy understanding of the same, and to adopt new figures for the emblems, which hitherto had not been done by them nor designed," but also mentioned expressly, " several new emblems which they have reset of the said author that had not been printed, digested in their order and adorned with figures."^^ When Roville and Bonhomme thus collected into a volume the previous editions, in which the emblems to- gether amounted to 201, they omitted a single emblem because of its grossness, and the new emblems,^^ amounting to II, made up the whole number to 211 emblems, and to as many illustrative designs or devices. None of the following editions of the emblems contained more than 211, until in 1621 Tozzius of Padua most unadvisedly restored the blot, and gave the 212 emblems, — an ex- ample never elsewhere approved nor adopted until Aurelio Amalteo, about 1680, inserted the text but not the device. All special remarks on the respective editions of the Alciati emblems we reserve to their proper place in the Bibliographical Catalogue. The authorization and super- vision, if not the actual preparation of a full and complete edition, occupied the writer's latest years ; and the full stream which was poured forth in 1549-155 1, near the time of his death, was in all its parts set flowing by him- The French text is here subjoined from a feehng of uncertainty as to the exact meaning : "pkisieurs Emblemes nouuelles qu'ils ont recouuertes du diet Autheur non phis misez en himiere, digerees en leur ordre, & figurees." ^2 In the Appendix to our Catalogue will be given the Mottoes and Titles to the whole of Alciati'' s Emblems, and there will be seen at a glance the Growth of the Entire Series, and consequently when the rejected one was inserted, and the eleven added. Personal appearance — Death 1 550. 23 self. If, with Quadrio, we regard the emblems as figured epigrams, what were given to the light formed but a por- tion of the whole. Among the manuscripts which Alciati left^s mention is made both of five books of epigranims and also of three \ and if these possessed the characteristics of the emblems that have been published, there needed but the artist's pencil and the graver's tool to increase three or four fold our store of jocular, satirical or didactic emblems by the jurisconsult of Milan. With the old lady, who com- plimented Dr. Parr on his Spital sermon, even of what we have we may here and there be inclined to say, " Enough, and more than enough." By nature Alciati was endowed with a sound and vigorous body ; he was tall of stature ; and, as his portraits intimate, of corpulent or muscular frame ; his eyes were open and prominent his lips were thick, and his colour fuscous, which may be interpreted a sun-burnt or swarthy brown. Of his capacious and untiring mind there can be no doubt; his works, whether light or serious, are the witnesses for many years. On account of increasing age he might have lessened the literary and legal labours to which he was devoted; but when he was approaching his 58th year he had not been known to relax his studies. Then first a pain in his feet, to which he alluded in a letter to Paulus Jovius'^s in 1539 or 40, became more and more frequent and severe, attended by the symptoms of continuous fever. In fourteen days his bodily strength was worn away; but with his senses bright and unfailing he yielded his soul to God at the be- ginning of the year 1550, January 12th, or, as Grimaldi's funeral oration affirms, the nth of that month, having lived, as his epitaph records, ''57 years 8 months and 4 days." See Argelati's Bibliotheca, vol. i. coll. 24-26, and Mazzuchelli's 6Vr///o>/, vol. i. p. 371, See Argelati, vol. i. col, 24. '^^ See p. 17 of this work; also Grimaldi's Oration.. 24 Life of Andrea Alciati. His will was made only on the loth of January 1550, and according to the custom of that day is entitled, "The Testament of the Magnificent Jurisconsult Master Andrea Alciati, son of the late Magnificent Master Ambrose Al- ciati."*^ It had been his intention to found with his great wealth a college for students of the law, but some insult, of which he fancied himself the object, entirely changed his purpose, and he constituted as his heirs " the Magnificent Doctor of Laws Master Francisco Alciati,"^^ and Master Baptista Alciati, and Master Andrea Alciati a son of a former Baptista." These were probably his nephews or cousins. At the time of the "great Alciati's " death there was another member of his family living, whom some have incorrectly named his brother, and others only his cousin.^^ This was John Paul Alciati, educated as a physician, but for some time holding a military appointment. He was one of that society of Italians, including Socinus and Bland- rata, who held antitrinitarian doctrines, and sought both to amend the abuses of the Church of Rome and to change some of its dogmas. He was living as late as the year 1579 or even 1586, and this alone renders it improbable that he was a brother to our Andrea Alciati. Very honourably was Andrea Alciati buried at Pavia, in the basilica of that city, the church of the Holy Epiphany. The monument to his memory was erected by one of his ^6 See Argelati, vol. ii. col. 1935. ^"^ Francisco Alciati was born in 1522, — and was **magm Alciati genialis." He was celebrated at the university of Pavia. By Pius IV. he was appointed Inter-nuncio to the king of Bohemia, and successively bishop of Claramont and Anensis, and in 1562 cardinal-deacon. He was also one of the interpreters at the Council of Trent. He was a man of high erudition, and collected a famous library. He died in 1580, also at the age of 58. See Argelati, vol. i. coll. 28- 29. His epitaph ends thus : " Virtute vixW' : in Virtue he lived. Memoria vivW' : in Memory lives. " Gloria vivet " : in Glory will live. ••^ See Wallace's Antitrinitarian Biography, vol ii. pp. 11 2- 117. 3 vols. 8vo, 1850. Andrea Alciati, however, was an only son. Burial — Epitaph — Funeral oration. 2 5 heirs, Francisco Alciati, and the epitaph rather proudly, and yet very truly, records of him this praise : He completed the whole circle of learning, and was the first to restore the MHAEN ANABAA A0MEN02 ( Never procrastinate ) Thus did the epi- ANAP02 AlKAIOT KAPnos OTK AnOA ATTAI. ( Of the jicst man the frtiit perishes not) Study of the laws to its ancient dignity taph stand D.O.M. Andreae Alciato Mediol. Ivricon. Com, Proth. apost. CAES. QVE SENATORI, QVI OMNIVM DOCTRINARVM ORBEM ABSOLVIT. Primus legvm stvdia Antiqvo, restitvit Decori. VixiT Ann lvii Men. viir. Dies iiii Obiit Pridie idvs Janvarii m.d.l. Franciscvs Alciatvs IC. H. B. M. p.p. A few days after Alciati's death, on the 19th of January 1550, his funeral oration was pronounced in the cathedral of Pavia by Alexander Grimaldi. Like very many of the Italian Lodi,^^ or laudations on the death of eminent men, the praise is beyond measure ; yet there is a long and highly interesting passage which presents the earliest known outline of Alciati's life, training and attainments, and is the evident source of many incidents in the biographies of Alciati that have been written either in dictionaries or in See Argelati, vol. i. col. 23. ^ Of above fifty of these lodi on celebrated Italians, a collection made by Roscoe, the historian, is now in the Chetham library, Manchester. Of coui-se they possess various degrees of merit or demerit, but their prevailing character is that of Grimaldi's Funeral Oration on Alciati's death,— too much praise — too little discrimination. 26 Life of A ndrea A Iciati. separate memoirs. We shall, however, extract only one or two passages, for though the original is very rare,si a photo- lith copy of the whole, followed by a translation, has just been issued by the Holbein society of Manchester, and thus is rendered easily accessible the information which the oration contains. After narrating the exploits of his boy- hood the orator speaks of his further progress : " Poesy, full of enigmas, he so studied, drained and expressed, that within the first threshold of youth he completed emblems, epigrams, elegies, comedies and different other poems ; so pleasantly, so fitly and with such elegance they were put together, that nothing could be done more cleverly." To his Greek and Latin scholarship testimony is then borne, and it is added, "even some epigrams exist which are admirably composed, and which I hope will in a short time receive publication." Those poems and epigrams are still in the recesses of Italian libraries, and may reward the researches of future bibliophilists. Our information respecting them is not precise enough to be set forth in these pages. Grimaldi afterwards asks: "Who else has interpreted so soundly and elegantly the answers of jurisconsults, the constitutions of princes, the sacred canons of pontiffs } Who of them all, down to these very times, has written so truly and so clearly t To the science of the laws (to which indeed it is the sister) has he not united such great elo- quence as none of the ancients possessed, and as none of their descendants have been permitted to hope for or even indeed to desire t "^^ Before entirely quitting the funeral oration, the Latin 51 The rich library of Keir in Scotland possesses a copy, and also the library of Pavia in Italy, whose librarian lately sought in vain to find another copy at Venice and elsewhere. ^2 There are several other Funeral Orations on the death of Alciati. We may name those of Trivultius and Pallavicini. Also of Laudatory Orations^ those by Dermazon, 1550; Mignault, 1570; and Prina, 171 1, Estimate of his attainments. 27 verses appended to it may be mentioned, extravagant though they are in their exaggerated praise. Of four epitaphs "in mortem Divini Alciati," one assures us, "when the hero Alciati fell, the greatest interpreter of the laws, then the nine Muses perished ;" and another, "on the birth of Alciati the laws received their splendour, — when the same Alciati was dead, they too lay slain." An Italian sonnet, with no unusual grief for that day, thus calls for lamentation : " Piange Italia mea dunque, e pianga il mondo. E piangete voi meco o cari amici. Pianga Minerua, e le noue sorelle." Alciati's famous pupil, Guido Pancirolli,53 upholds the testimony of Grimaldi : " In the accomplishment of speak- ing Andrea Alciati of Milan far excelled all who before him had interpreted the civil law. Imbued with the clear eloquence of Latin speech, and moreover with Greek litera- ture, he taught our first jurisconsults to speak in Latin; they have, he said, been prating, not speaking. Lastly, he was so versed in every kind of learning that to have attained to his perfect erudition in the laws appeared a wonderful thing." Another of his biographers, who was also his fellow citi- zen of Pavia and of Milan, Jerome Cardan,^* thus speaks of him: "If, in eloquence he should.be compared to ancient times, perhaps he might be conquered ; if to our times, cer- tainly he is incomparable ; for with a clearer and purer style, he was also fuller and more agreeable. He excelled all then living in eloquence, in knowledge of languages, in 5^ See De Claris Legum Interpreiibtis, 1. ii. c. 169. See Cardan's Andrece Alciati Vita ; also Blount's Censtira celebrortim Atithorwn, p. 414, folio, Londini 1690. Archbishop Parker, in his Treatise- "De Deo," mentions that Alciati gave to Cardan the title of " J7tan of in- ventions,''' and that Cardan repaid the compliment by terming Alciati light of his count ry.''' Retrospective Re^new, \o\ \. p. 109. 28 Life of Andrea A Iciati. acquaintance with history, in subtiHty of interpretation. If his volumes which are extant do not openly testify this, I should not be free from the suspicion of flattery ; but the reality itself is greater than my word. Wherefore I prefer that Horatian expression : Ornari res ipsa negat, contenta doceri, i.e. The very reality refuses to be adorned, — con- tented to be taught." Surely it cannot be that all these praises were fulsome flatteries t The man of whom such things were said be- fore those who knew how to measure worth must have been a most learned scholar ; a deeply-read lawyer and historian ; an admirable and most eloquent pleader and lecturer. He has been accused of covetousness and greed but by whom has avarice been more blamed than by himself in his emblems 84-89 ; and especially when he treats of its punishment in the fable of Tantalus } " Wretched Tantalus thirsting stands deep in the waves, Though hungring he tastes not the apples so near ; Change the name ; — of himself the miserly raves, Who dares not enjoy, what he has of good cheer." And again, luxuriousness and gluttony have been laid to his charge ; but if the accusation be true, out of his own epigrams or emblems, 72, 73, 90-95, he receives abundant chastisement : " With body swollen by food of cranes the fat man here is seen, Who pelican and sea-gull ravenous bears in either hand ; Of Bacchus such the form, — of Apicius too I ween, And all who gluttonous, on fame's dark tablet stand." The chief biographer of Alciati, Claude Mignault, who has often been followed in the foregoing notices, speaks of his attainments and character with some partiality ; yet, as ^5 See Bayle's Dictionary, and Hallam's Literature of Europe, vol. i. pp. 417, 418, i860. His character defended. 29 he writes from full inquiry and a well-informed judgment, we shall not be far wrong, certainly we shall not be ma- ligners, as some were, if we adopt his estimate. Speaking near the end of his memoir, he remarks respecting the celebrated jurisconsult : "He was a man, I dare to say, to whom his country owes more than he to his country. For many years he served, vindicated and thoroughly purified the jurisprudence that had been overgrown by the bramble- thickets of confused opinions. Those who glanced at this man were either the envious or the malicious ; those who praise him sparingly were deficient in candour ; and those who revered his worth, embracing his highly useful instruc- tions, thenceforward manifested themselves to be grateful and honourable, nor lightly learned." In the first days of regret for the loss of those eminent for worth or for greatness of any kind, it may not occasion surprise that the orator who speaks their praise should exaggerate the good qualities and the eminent erudition of the departed hero of literature ; but when years have flowed by flatteries as well as animosities will soften down, and the language of admiration be chastened by the sentence of truth. Such was the Address in praise of Alciati to the young men and the other auditors in the college of the Burgundians, which in 1576, above a quarter of a century since Alciati died, Claude Mignault delivered : " Let us," he said, " carefully note and fondly praise his ancient learn- ing, let us wonder at his knowledge of law, let us emulate his eloquence, let us with the common consent of learned men approve his concise way of speaking, let us venerate his dignified yet pleasing variety : in these we possess a treasure to be matched neither with gold nor with gems, — and by so much the more admirable, if we compare the choice jewels of learning that were his own with the orna- ments of many others." The estimate of Alciati's services both to law and to lite- 30 Life of Andrea A Iciati. rature is also judiciously made in Bayle's Dictionary The general voice of Europe has always named Andrea Alciati of Milan as the restorer of the Roman law. He taught from the year 15 18 to his death in 1550 in the uni- versities of Avignon, Milan, Bourges, Paris and Bologna.^^ Literature became with him the handmaid of law ; the historians of Rome, her antiquarians, her orators and poets were called upon to elucidate the obsolete words and obscure allusions of the Pandects, to which the earlier as well as the more valuable and extensive portion of the civil law this method of classical interpretation is chiefly applicable. Alciati was the first who taught the lawyer to write with purity and elegance. Erasmus has applied to him the eulogy of Cicero on Scaevola, that he was the most juris- prudent of orators, and the most eloquent of lawyers." "He stood not alone in scattering the flowers of polite literature over the thorny brakes of jurisprudence." After narrating his distinction as a lawyer Bayle praises his emblems, and declares of them, " they have been much esteemed, and have been thought by three or four learned men worthy to be adorned with their commentaries." It is very easy to believe that, besides having very numerous admirers, Alciati also had many enviers and de- tractors ; and without attaching credit to every malicious rumour against him, we may admit there were broad ble- mishes in his character and mode of life, which well deserved the lash of criticism. As we have shown he chastised those critics himself, and therefore does not appear to have been insensible to them. Neither did he suffer reproach without repelling it. Some who maligned him he punished even in his emblems, which are occasionally the epigrams upon his adversaries where he rebukes their pretensions and jcorrects their impertinence. Such emblems plainly indicate how at times he met the attacks which were made upon him. ^ Bayle's Histoiical and Critical Dictionary, Add Ferrara and Pa via. Alciatis enviers and detractors. 31 In the Italian universities he had a rival and a com- petitor, — a certain doctor of the law, of the name of Alexandrinus, who rudely assailed him. Though answering nothing, Alciati, in spite of his dignified silence, was often loaded with abuse. A good man, however, like a generous mastiff, sometimes finds his anger grow the sharper from suppression. It was so with him, and he bore it indignantly that this rival should be named as his successor in the same professorial chair. An emblem, cxli., which first appeared in the Aldine edition of 1546, thus expresses his wrath : " Rivalry unmatched. " Degenerate kites that with the eagles soar, And where these fly their falHng booty share, Pursue the mullet, and a feast devour ; With ravenous mouths on food despised they fare : So Wine-bibber acts with me ; mid blear-eyed blind In student-emptied halls his living he doth find." The emblem numbered liii. in the regular series, In adii- latorcs, Against flatterers, — and illustrated by the Chame- leon, occurs as early as the Augsburg edition, 15 31. It is so very incisive in its spirit and phraseology as to induce the conjecture that it was originally intended to cut into some special flatterer with whom he was acquainted. Thus is it rendered in a MS. version of the beginning of the 17th century : ' "»)tlU doth he gape, still doth he ayre drawe, The beast, which men Chamelion do call, Chaunging his shape still hath he coullores new, Excepting crimzon and the lillie white ; On vulgar fame, so doththe fawners gnawe And gaping still, devowreth quite vp all, And imitates his prince in things vtrue. Putting both white and red out of his sighte." On another occasion, when he was provoked by the intole- rable slander of Francisciis Floridiis against himself and his 32 Life of A ndrea A Iciati. friends, Alciati accounted it enough, with the name slightly changed into Rancidus Olidiis, i.e. Rancid Smell, to bran- dish this satire as an epigram against his adversary. The Aldine edition of 1546 first gave currency to it, and in the regular series the number is clxiii, " On Disparagers. " Dare scourge-bearing coxcombs and like stupid masters Upon me vomit wrath from impure breasts of their own ? Shall I pay back revilings ? then should I not seize The grasshopper noisy by the one wing alone ? What profit with horsewhips to drive off the flies ? If you cannot destroy them, — do better, — despise." In fact, good fortune and widely- spread fame are ever exposed to envy, and the truth of this Alciati was conti- nually feeling. Generally he cared as little for the attacks made on his character as Hercules did for the mad biting words of the countryman, — they were but flies buzzing around, troublesome but not dangerous. Now and then, as we have seen, he deigned a reply. Take for example the 164th emblem of the general series, of the Venice edition, 1546, leaf 44 ; it represents a dog barking at the moon, and has been imitated by Beza in 1581, and by Camerarius in 1593 ; and by others : vain attack. " By night as a mirror a dog viewed the moon And beholding himself, thought another dog there ; He barks : the vexed voice winds drove away soon ; Her own course deaf Diana pursues in the air." We might trace out several other instances in which what 5^ Whitney's old version in 1586 is very good : "By shininge lighte, of wannishe Cynthias raies, The dogge behouldes his shaddowe to appeare : Wherefore, in vaine aloude he barkes and baies, And alwaies thoughte, an other dogge was there : But yet the Moone, who did not heare his queste, Her woonted course did keepe vnto the weste." Reply to attacks — Shield of Myrtilus. 33 was at first written as a pungent epigram, was afterwards ornamented by a drawing, or device, and so passed into an emblem. Another example or two as given by Mignault must in this connexion close our references to emblems of a particular or private application. In all his difficulties our author's chief alleviation was in his profession of the law. He names that pursuit the sacred anchor from which he derived security, honour, riches, and finally highest fame. The fierce war which devastated his native land caused him to travel abroad, and he devoted himself to the science which proved to him the very shield of Myrtilus ; when no longer he needed it for defence, he used it as the means of safety. The emblem, clxi. in the general series, founded on the Greek epigram to the shield of Myrtilus, appeared as Alciati's in the Augsburg edition, 1531, leaf C 2 v, and consequently was written during that very troublous time for the Milanese and for Italy, beginning with the candida- ture of Francis the king of France for the German empire in 15 19, and ending with the peace of Cambray in 1529. In that interval the family of Sforza had been restored to Milan, Leo X. had promised Naples to the emperor, the constable de Bourbon in 1524 had been driven into rebel- lion, and the same year the admiral Bonnivet, who had been sent by Francis to subdue Milan, was defeated, and the chevalier Bayard slain. The year following, 1525, Francis himself had been made prisoner at Pavia,^^ and soon not a French soldier was left in all Italy. The next year, 1526, the Holy League was formed between Francis, England, the' Pope, the Swiss, the Venetians, the Florentines and the Milanese, and Italy again became the seat of war ; Bour- bon's army over-ran the whole of Milan ; Rome itself was stormed and sacked, and pope Clement made prisoner. A French army however, under Lautrec, crossed the Alps, and See Stirling-Maxwell's Victories of Charles V., p. 6, a, b, D 34 Life of A ndrea A Iciati. Clement was set free. The death of Lautrec and the revolt of Andrea Doria, in 1528, changed again the state of affairs, and after the French army before Naples had been ruined, the peace of Cambray was concluded in 1 5 29. Now on passing safely through all these scenes and changes, a man like Alciati might well call to memory some of his ancient lore. He fixed on a Greek epigram,^^ and on the motto, Auxilimn nunquam deficiens ; and of his Latin version the following English stanza has been supplied me : " Help never-failing. " Stedfast in arms, I found by flood and field, In twofold peril, safety in my shield : Unharmed it held me in the battle's roar, And from the ocean's brought me to the shore." The simple and close imitation of a Greek original was not unusual with Alciati. He took the thoughts or even the exact expressions of ancient authors, and out of them fashioned what for the time suited his purpose. Mignault's marginal notes not unfrequently contain the reference, '^Fons emblematis!' Source of the emblem ; and it is often to ^ Thus given in the Paduan edition of the emblems, 1621, 4to, p. 634: " etV KivZhvovSy ^(pvyov Svo fMvpriXos ynXcp, rhv fiev apicrreiffas, rhy B' inivri^a.fxivos, apyeffTrjs 'or' eSycre j/ecby rpSiriv, acnrlSa 5' t(rxov (TcoSels K€Kpiix4vr]v xidari koI iT0\4fxc}}" Alciati's Latin version follows the Greek with some exactness. The Paduan edition gives three other Latin versions, and others are found in Mignault's Com- mentaries, the general meaning being thus expressed : 1° "Two dangers, I, Myrtilus, did escape, My single armour trusted not in vain ; Upon the ground I was as overthrown, And overthrown upon the raging main." 2" " Safe in the battle's strife, I found my shield Defence that failed not ; and upon the waves, When shipwreck plucks away each other hope, My shield it bears me to the shore, and saves," Greek originals closely followed. 35 a Greek writer that the emblem in question is traced. Alciati contributed no more than a translation, at times almost literal. Thus from the two-lined Greek stanza, Atpere tov^ l36Tpva I95> 1 9^' fountain of the emblems is also pointed out in the Taduan editions of 1 62 1 and 1 66 1. ^2 Also very closely rendered in an unpublished English version of the time of James I. : ' ' SSIfty doe ye vex me, O ye boughes, I am Minerva's tree : Take hence these grapes, for Bromius faire maides do all waies flee. " The French version 1536, the German 1542, and the Italian 1551, are much less terse; the Spanish 1 549, however, is very literal : " Porque me apreimas vid ? Arbor sagrada De Pallas soy, quita alia tus ra9imos Que aquesta virgen porti se da nada." "3 De honesta discipUna^ 4to, Florentix 1503. Lib. ii. cap, xii. 36 Life of Andrea Alciati. But yet, with dewes, and siluer droppes in fine, It mounted vp, and almoste towch'de the head. And with her fruicte, and leaues on euery side, Imbras'de the tree, and did the same deride. To whome, the Pine with longe Experience wise, And ofte had seene, suche peacockes loose theire plumes, Thus aunswere made, thou owght'st not to despise, My stocke at all, oh foole, thou much presumes. In coulde, and heate, here longe hath beene my happe. Yet am I sounde, and full of liuelie sappe. But, when the froste, and coulde, shall thee assaie, Thowghe nowe alofte, thow bragge, and freshlie bloome, Yet, then thie roote, shall rotte where was thy roome : Thy fruicte, and leaues, that nowe so highe aspire The passers by, shall treade within the mire." Alciati's 67th emblem, " On Pride',' may be compared with the lines of Ausonius on Niobe, which closely follow a Greek epigram, and which Criniti quotes " Viuebam : sum facta silex ! quae deinde polita Praxitelis manibus uiuo iterum Niobe, Reddidit artificis manus omnia, sed sine sensu : Hunc ego, cum Isesi numine : non habui." In the same Criniti also are found remarks which may have suggested trees to Alciati as subjects for emblems ; it is to this effect, that " among other symbols or signs of the Egyptian theology, he found that the Lethon " (probably a species of laburnum) "and other trees of that kind were celebrated." The emblem of Milan itself is only used for the first time by Alciati in the Venice edition of 1546, — but the Insignia of the Duchy, a child issuing from the jaws of a serpent, is foremost in the Augsburg edition of 153 1 ; and the tomb of John Galeacii, Visconti, the first duke of Milan, is there also commemorated. The insignia of the duchy were ap- ^ See Criniti de honesta disciplina^ lib. xi. cap. iv. ^ Ibid., lib. XX. cap. iv. Imitates Criniti — Emblem of Milan. 3 7 plied to Maximilian in the folio edition of Alciati's Remains in 1548, and thenceforward obtained the same application.^^ John Galeacii, it appears, had very bravely withstood the Turks when endeavouring to burst into Italy, and had established his commonwealth on the supremacy of the laws. Imitating a Greek original, our author, in emblem cxxxiii,, thus celebrated the praise of Galeacii : " Italia be thy tomb, proud chiefs and arms, And the sea roaring up the twin born bays, Barbarian power that vainly stirred alarms. And bands by pay embribed for war's fierce frays, Let from the heights the serpent-bearer call. Who me the mighty plac'd o'er things so small." There is yet another of the earlier series of Alciati's em- blems, Augsburg 153 1, which was written as a satire on a certain learned man, Jerome of Padua, who also busied him- self about love affairs. It is directed against all who having the higher glory in view, condescend to waste power upon the lower. The number of the emblem is cviii., thus imi- The Paduan edition of the emblems, 1621, p. 10, informs us that this MaximiHan flourished about 15 ii, and died childless. He was the son of Ludovici and nephew of Francis Sforza. On one side of the money of Milan, these insignia were stamped ; on the other the effigies of Ambrose the arch- bishop. Also it narrates that in the Saracen wars under Godfrey of Bologne, there was a Saracen champion who challenged any one in the Christian army to sin- gle combat, Otho accepted the challenge, and slew his enemy, and carried off from his crest a golden serpent devouring a child, or rather giving it forth to life. The serpent, a symbol of power, and the child, of a divine origin, were adopted by Otho as the annorial bearings of his house, and as a portent of power, wealth and wide-spread glory. In Count Litta's Famiglie celebri Italiane^ vol. vii., tavola i, ii., the same crest is on the shield of the Visconti di Milano. ^7 It was to a member of the same renowned family, *' Galeacio Vicecomiti," that Alciati dedicated his Annotationes on Com. Tacitus. For an account of the Galeazzi see P. Giovio's Vite di diversi huomini illustru 4to, Venetia 1561, under Vite di Principi di Milano, fol. 24, 42 v and 47 z^. At fol. 50 is a long epitaph on John Galeazzo, and a reference to his sepulchre of marble in the church which he built not far from Pavia. 38 Life of Andrea Alciati. tated rather than translated by our old friend Whitney p. 135 : " In studios um captimi Ainoi'e. " A Reuerend sage, of wisdome most profounde, Beganne to doate and lay awaye his bookes : For CvpiD then, his tender harte did wounde, That onlie nowe, he lik'de his ladies lookes : Oh Venvs staie : since once the price was thine, Thou ought'st not still at Pallas thus repine." The Adiges'' of Erasmus were first published in 1500, and a fuller edition by the Aldi at Venice in 1520. An em- blem of Alciati, clxviii., certainly written before 15 31, and probably one of the Milan collection in 1522, relates to the enmity between the Eagle and the Beetle, and appears to have been suggested by a passage from the Adagia,^^ an eloquent comment on the proverb, Scarabceiis aquilam qucEvit^ The beetle hunts out the eagle. " The scholar while describing the favourite bird of royal blazonry, lashed the order, whose smiles, at other times, he not less skilfully and successfully courted." " Let any physiognomist," says Erasmus, "not altogether incompetent, look well into the face and aspect of the eagle — his greedy and wicked eyes, the threatening hook of his beak, the truculent cheeks, and stern front, and see if he does not recognise that royal type which Cyrus, king of the Persians, loved in a king, magnifi- cent and full of majesty." Alciati changes the motto of the Adagia2.x\6i substitutes, " A MINIMIS QUOQUE TIMENDUM," We may tremble even at the smallest things. " Wars doth the beetle wage, and from afar His foe he challenges to meet the war ; And though in might inferior, — by skill Works out the purpose of malicious will ; Stirling-Maxwell's CA/e/ Victories of the EmJ>eror Charles V., p. xxiv. i>. Imitates Erasnms — in accord with him. 39 For in the eagle's plumes unknown he hides, And near the stars in hostile nest abides, Piercing the eggs doth hope of offspring slay, And, vengeful for dishonour, wends his way." The commentators on this emblem make no mention of Erasmus, but refer to Pindar and Aristophanes for their illustrative notes. The Paduan editors, edition 1621, p. 709, declare that the emblem of the beetle and the eagle is taken from the hieroglyphics of Horapollo. On the great questions of religion and of the office and character of the clergy of their day, there was more of a real accord between Erasmus and Alciati than appears from some of the prose works of the latter writer. That accord on the part of Alciati is seen in some of his emblems of the earlier series. For example, take emblem vii.,^^ " NON TIBI SED RELIGIONI," Not for thee but for religion?^ Whitney, p. 8, well applies the emblem, but does not well translate it. De la Fontaine's rendering possesses far more spirit.^i " LAjie portaiit des Reliqiies. " T TN Baudet charge de Reliques, S'imagine qu'on I'adoroit. Dans ce penser il se quarroit, Recevant comme siens I'Encens & les Cantiques. Quelqu'un vit I'erreur & lui dit : Maitre Baudet, " otez-vous de I'esprit Une vanite si folle. Ce n'est pas vous, c'est I'ldole A qui cet honneur se rend, Et que la gloire en est deue. D'un Magistrat ignorant, C'est la robe qu'on salue." In Steyner's edition, fol. B 7, and Wechel's, p. 39. '° In comparing the various versions into French, German, Spanish, Italian and English, this 7th emblem will, at the proper place, be made the medium of the comparison. Fables Choisis, ed. 1699, p. 215. 40 Life of Andrea Alciati. To the same purport is emblem vi., for the first time printed in the Aldine edition, 1546, fol. 5, with the motto "FiCTA RELIGIO," Feigned or false religion, and which figures forth a beautiful woman royally seated on a many- headed monster, and offering the poisoned cup to prostrate crowds. " Sic Babylona notant,'' &c. sa5/s the author, ^' So mark they Babylon, which by her beauty and falsehood takes captive the foolish nations." To the writer's mind however, Babylon was the personification, not of Rome, but of all false religion ; unless perchance he had imbibed any of the notions of the abbot Joachim, who foretold the downfall of papal Rome, and whose works were published at Venice in 15 16. On the other hand great is the praise accorded in emblem XV., ViGlLENTIA, ET CUSTODIA, Vigilance and guardianship, to the watchful and faithful shepherds who truly discharge their trust over the souls of men. The symbols of courage and wakefulness, the lion and the cock, are assigned to them ; and these symbols the commentators attribute to the ancient fathers of the church, and even to HorapoUo.^^ For showing too in some degree the tendencies of Alciati's mind against priestly assumption and in favour of religious freedom, his 170th emblem may be named, inscribed " Vel post mortem formidolosi!' Terrible even after death. It was not published until 155 1, when the author was dead, and celebrates the fame of the renowned Zisca, general of the Hussites in their contests in behalf of liberty of worship. He was a Bohemian knight, of undaunted courage, who from 1420 to 1424, when he died, led the war against his sovereign, the emperor Sigismund. " This famous leader, though deprived of sight, discovered in every step he took, such an admirable mixture of prudence and intrepidity, that his name became a terror to his enemies."73 There was a tra- 72 See Leeman's HorapoUinis Hieroglyphica^ ed. 1835, lib. i. c. xix. 73 See Mosheim's Eccles. History, ed. 1823, vol. iii. pp. 146, 147. Tendencies of his mind — historical emblems. 4 1 dition that on falling sick of the plague, his soldiers asked him where he wished to be buried, and he gave orders that his body should be consumed by ravenous birds and beasts, but that his skin should be used as the tympanum of a drum, so that the enemy even after his death might take to flight at the sound. Out of Alciati's six lines our Whitney has woven almost as many stanzas, making a paraphrase ever pertinent to the text, but calling to his aid Pliny, Claude Mignault, yEneas Silvius and Caelius Curio ; but we content ourselves simply with a reference to them. The political events of his age furnished Alciati with some occasions for giving to his emblems a direct historical turn. Such emblems however were very sparely written by him, or if written have not been published. The unsuccessful siege by the Turks under Solyman II., the Magnificent as he was styled, is made the subject of a complimentary little ode to the emperor Charles V. The siege was raised on the 1 6th of October 1529, Charles being in Italy. This date marks the time when emblem xlii. of the complete edition was composed, for it is printed with the same motto, at sig- nature QZ V of the Augsburg edition of 15 31. The device is an oak in a storm, and the title " FiRMISSIMA CONVELLI NON POSSE," TJic firmest things cannot be torn 7ip. The original Latin is very accurately rendered in the old English version of the time of James I. : ^ItljOUglj that father Neptune doth hoyste up his waues on highe, And though that thou o barbarous Turck dost drinke Danubius drye, Yet shalt thou neuer with thy force rushe past thy setled bound, Whiles Charles the fift w''' statelie march doth rule the Roman ground. 42 Life of Andrea Alciati. So sacred oakes in depth of earth vppon firme rootes do stand, Allthough the windes haue power to blowe the leaues down to the land." — MS. In Heemskerck's twelve designs for 'the victories of Charles V., published in 1556, but ready for publication in October 1555, when Charles abdicated the sovereignty of the Netherlands, the fifth plate is named " SULTAN SOLY- MAN REPULSED FROM VIENNA."^* The plate is dated 1529, but blends together the raising of the second siege of Vienna by Charles V. in person, in 1532. The Spanish stanza appended to the engraving, like the Latin one by Alciati, emblem xlii., expressly celebrates the prowess of the emperor, and is well entitled to be placed in apposition with the lines of the emblem. " Venia Soliinano poderoso V aula puesto ya cerco a Viena, Pero Jmyb de aqui miiy temeroso, Per la virtud de Carlos el que impera^'''^^ i.e. In his power came Sultan Solyman And Vienna had blockaded round, But thence in fear his forces ran And quickly fled the ground. For Charles commands with valour's sword And victory waits his word. 7"* See the very splendid folio by sir William Stirling-Maxwell, bart., of Keir, Chief Victories of the EmpeTor Charles V., pp. 20-22, 1870, 75 It may be interesting to compare this Spanish stanza with Bernardino Daza's translation of Alciati's emblem ; thus " Que las cosas muy firmes ne se pueden ai'ranear. *' Aun qii'el Oceano se embrauez ca tanto Que d'el furor rebiente con9euido Haziedo c5 braueza a'lmiido espato, Y de ti sea Turco el Rhin sorbido No pasaras de ray a el pie, por quanto Tiempo traxere campo el inuenjido Carlos, que como enzina no se muda Aunque la foja el viento la sacuda." Eh Lyon 1549, p. 79. Historical emblems — Charles V. 43 So, too, on a later day, in July 1535, when Charles de- feated Barbarossa and entered Tunis, Alciati celebrated the event by a second set of lines, on the LAUREL, or tree of victory. The lines occur in the Aldine edition of the em- blems, 1546, at fol. 19, or in later editions at No. ccx. ; and thus briefly though very decidedly renown the African triumph. " For Carthage conquered Charles should laurel wear ; Such garlands bright let brows victorious bear."''^ Heemskerck's seventh design^^ thus also in a single stanza marks the great victory : " tvnetam c^sar, belli virtvte trivmphans, Ingreditvr victor, cedens fvgit ilicet Afer." i.e. " Through Tvnis gates a lavrelled conqveror Great C^sar rides, and flees the vanqvished Moor." Spanish and French stanzas to the following import are added : " Now see how fled that African afar When Charles for triumph came with mighty war, To Tunis sent in full array of power. And entered there at victory's favouring hour." The second emblem of the Augsburg series 1531, entitled FOEDERA Italorvm, is decidedly of political import. In the Paris series of 1534 and in the Lyons 155 1 the title is simply Foedera alliances, to which, later editions subjoin a dedication : Ad Maximilian Mediolani Diicemr The 76 Bernardino Daza, in 1 549 or earlier, thus rendered the lines of Alciati into Spanish, ed. 1549, p. 188: " El Laurel. '* Vna corona de Laurel se deue A Carlos Quinto, que la vittoriosa Frente gran razon esque tal lalleue." 77 See Stirling-Maxwell's Twelve Victories of Charles V., p. 27. 78 ^' Aqtii vees como huyo aqiiel Africano, Qtiando Cesar triwnphante y poderoso, Legano a Tunis con su ficerte mano, Adonde entro con nombre victor ioso.'''' 44 Life of Andrea Alciati. commentators say that Alciati sent the Latin stanza, em- blem X., to Maximilian, son of Ludovic, duke of Milan, to intimate to his prince how great might be the effects of concord among a people. At any rate, the emblem points to the state of Italy in the early part of our author's life, and manifests how earnest were his aspirations that contests and divisions should cease, and that the chiefs of Italy should enter into firm alliances rather than waste power and wealth in intestine commotions. If love of country stood firm there would be the harmony which the lute yields when every string is in tune and contributes its part to the music of all the chords. There is also a third emblem, the 125th, "Ex damno alterius, alterius utilitas," One maiis loss is another mans gain, which has a strongly satirical and political meaning. It first appeared in the Venice edition 1546, on folio 8 v, and represents a lioness and a wild boar battling for victory, and a vulture perched above them looking on and ready to profit by the quarrel. The moral is Gloria victoris, prceda ftitiira sua est,'^ The glory of the victor is about to be his own desolation. Marnef's 24mo edition of the emblems, Paris 1574, contains a short exposition, and supplies the accepted moral : "Cecy sembla estre dit des Princes Chres- tiens faisans la guerre I'vn a I'autrez & du Turc qui ce- pendant regardant le debat, prent la fruict de leur perte." Our English Whitney, p. 129, combines both author and commentator into one set of verses : " I ^HE Lion fierce, and sauuage bore contende, X The one, his pawe : his tuskes the other tries : And ere the broile, with bloodie blowes had ende, A vulture loe, attendes with watchinge eies : And of their spoile, doth hope to praie his fill, And ioyes, when they eche others blood doe spill. When men of mighte, with deadlie rancor swell. And mortal hate, twixte mightie monarches raignes : The Sultan Soliman. 45 Some gripes doe watche, that like the matter well, And of their losse, doe raise their priuate gaines ; So Soliman his empire did increase, When christian kinges exiled love and peace." Whitney 1586. An early part of the sixteenth century, 1526, had wit- nessed a strong league against Charles V., formed by the kings of France and England, by the Pope, the Swiss, the Venetians, the Florentines and the Milanese. In 1528 the Turks were threatening Germany. Henceforward, until Don John of Austria, in 1570, gained the battle of Lepanto, they were in one way or the other a terror to Europe. In 1 541 Barbarossa ravaged the coasts of Italy, and the Turks made rapid progress in Hungary; and in 1543 Francis himself was assisted by a Turkish fleet. Indeed the per- suasion was general that the Turk was destined to subdue all Europe, and even Charles V. shared in the fear. "In Luther's famous prayer" according to Stirling-Maxwell,^^ against the Devil, the Pope and the Turk, the latter seems to have held the place of honour as the most terrible of the three." "At Busetto, in 1543, in one of his conferences with Paul III., the emperor said to that pontiff, 'I know that it is God's will that we are all to become Turks, but I will be the last.' " How apposite then Alciati's fable of the lioness, the boar and the vulture to the state of Europe, and to the dangers with which Christendom was threatened. If political economy had existed as a science three cen- turies and a half ago, we might have supposed that some glimmerings of its principles emanated from Alciati's Book of Emblems, Augsburg series, V> 2 v. Though derived from elder times, the motto of the 147th emblem points to a fiscal satire : 79 Victories of Charles V., p. 22 b. 46 Life of Andrea Alciati. " Quod non capit Christus, rapit fiscus." What Christ leaves untouched, the exchequer has clutched. Very quaint, if not pithy, is the rendering by Whitney, p. 151 : " T T yHERE couetoQsnes the scepter doth supporte, V V There, greedie gripes the kinge dothe ofte extoll : Because, he knowes they, doe but make a sporte, His subiectes poore, to shaue, to pill, and poll ? And when he sees, that they are fatte and full ? He cuttes them of, that he maye haue theire wolle ? Vnto a sponge, theise are resem.bled righte : Which drie at firste, when it with water swelles. The hande that late did wette it, being lighte : The same againe, the moisture quite expelles. And to the flood, from whence it latelie came. It runnes againe, with wringinge of the same." On Aristotle's theory,^^ \}^2X men whose spleen is small wax fat, but that with the increase of the spleen the mem- bers of the body wane away, the 146th emblem adopts for motto, "Opulentia tyranni, paupertas subiectorum," The wealth of a tyrant tJie poverty of his subjects ; it really ad- vocates the principle that every increase of taxation is so much taken from the reproductive power of the people. This emblem, it may be remarked, did not come " in lucem " until after the death of the author : " As in man's body acts the spleen, so in the state Did Caesar say, had his exchequer been ; Increase the spleen, the body's limbs abate. Increase the tax, the commonwealth grows thin." In two or three instances noble representations are pre- sented of the princely character and rule, showing that the people's good should be the chief aim, and that mercy is the highest of attributes. As the anchor for sailors, so is a good king safety for his people ; and as the master bee, ^ See Mignault's Commentary to emblem 146. Political economy emblems — Other poems. 47 though twice the size of the other bees, bears no sting, so the ruler over nations should be merciful, and entrust sacred laws to righteous judges. The first of these emblems, the 143rd, appears with the motto : " Princeps svbditorvm incohimitatem procurans.^' The Prince securing the safety of his people. " As Titan brothers often rouse the seas. The anchor cast doth wretched sailors aid, The dolphins kind to men the anchor seize And in deep bays in safety they have laid. Kings, signs of power to bear, it doth behove, And safety's anchor to their people prove." The second instance, emblem cxlviii., appears under the sign of a hive of bees, or, as the author by a misuse of the word names them, of wasps. It has for motto : Principis dementia /' Cleniency in the pn?tce. But Whitney's version is so paraphrastic and diffuse,^^ that with referring simply to the meaning given above, the origi- nal must here be made use of: " Vesparvm quod nulla vnquam Rex spicula figet, Qiiodq; a I Us diiplo cor pore maior erit ; Argicet imperium clemefts, moderataq; regna, Sanctaq; indicibus credit a cur a bonis.''' Other works of a poetical character besides the emblems were composed by Alciati, but remain unpublished, even if they still exist in the great libraries of Milan, Bologna, Ferrara and Pavia. Laudatory stanzas of his are to be found here and there,^^ and Grimaldi's Fiuieral Oration makes mention of " comedies and divers other poems, which SI Daza's Spanish version extends to fourteen lines, and Amalteo's Italian to six ; Marquale's version however is too terse, and insufficient : " Mai 11071 ferisce de le vespi altriii II saggio Re, cost deti^ esser giusto E cleniente il signor ne i popol stii.''^ ^2 As in Reusner's Icones, sine imagines, &c. Bale 1589. 48 Life of A ndrea A Iciati. he had finished within the first threshold of his youth and they are described as being so festively, so fitly put together, and with such elegance, that nothing could be done more cleverly." From his way of speaking Grimaldi evidently had seen them, and the Ambrosian library at Milan at least, at the present day, possesses manuscripts by Andrea Alciati ; they repose within scrinia, on shelves and repositories, and have been only very partially explored in recent times.^^ From one of the Alciati manuscripts in the author's own hand-writing, so clear, so free, so indicative of the power of his mind, we present an extract in facsimile, through the courtesy of signor P. Antonio Ceriani, keeper of the Am- brosian library in Milan. It is the conclusion of one of his orations, bearing the title " Praelectio Andreae Alciati, in Bononiensi Schola M.D.XL,," and shows very favourably the professor's method with his students, and the pleasant footing existing between him and them. " It behoves you," he says in conclusion, " to be of brave mind, and least of all to distrust your own powers. I will go before; and un- broken in spirit I will lead you through every labyrinth : only be there present your diligence and ardor of learning ; and towards your teacher affection and confidence." For the convenience of comparing with the hand-writing the printed text, we subjoin the whole from Alciati's Works , Bale 1582, vol. iv. col. 1060 : "Sunt enim vltimae voluntatis cum in frequenti hominum vsu, turn & pleruq; ambiguae, & quae magnam aduocatis pecuniam parent. Traditam a Graecis est, Stratoclem Atheniensem Rheto- rem quosdaraq; alios eius collegas sese mutuo solitos ad messem auream inuitare, sic forum & curiam ioco appellantes. Quo exem- ^ For a brief account of them see Gli Scrittori cPIialia, by Mazzuchelli, vol. i. pp. 370, 371 : this work enumerates twenty of his manuscripts, and among them are, ''^ Niibes antiqua Fabula Aristophanis, latinis versibus reddita f and ''^ Epigrammatum. Lib. v." See also Argelati's Biblioth. Script, Medial. , vol. 1. coll. 24-26. Alciatis hand-writing — his influence in Europe. 49 plo & ego vos hoc anno ad messem banc, aureumq; vellus vocabo, qui sciam, quantum vtilitatis hac ex materia quotidie percipiatur. Qua autem subtilitate tractatum sit a iureconsultis hoc argu- mentum, ostendunt tot tituH, tot responsa, & ea quidem omnia magna scrupulositate reddita, tot leges, & compositione scabrosa & intellectu difficiles : quarum rationem non nisi longa medita- tione acriq; studio possis assequi : tot deniq; Interpretum com- mentaria, tot consulentium responsa : quae et si magnam luce posteris attulerunt, magnum etiam laborem in eis perscrutandis requirunt. Verum vos forti animo esse oportet, & minime viribus vestris diffidere. Proeibo ergo : & peranfractus atq; labyrinthos omnes vos tutissime deducam : adsit modo diligentia vestra, & discendi ardor, atq; erga praeceptatorem charitas, & fiducia. Dixi." The influence of Alciati on the emblem vv^riters and critics of Italy and of Europe generally was certainly great. As he disentangled law and jurisprudence from mystery and jargon, and gave expression to their principles in the language of articulate-speaking men, — so he lifted emblems out of their grotesqueness and frequent absurdities, and formed them on the classical models to which his own mind had been trained. He may have become too epigrammatic, but he has thoroughly avoided the old rambling looseness of style, and has invested many a single line with a meaning that among his predecessors would have required a whole sentence or it may be a paragraph to develope. True it is that he has not utterly avoided the coarse and the indeli- cate ; but the manners of even polished Italy in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries were less fastidious and less refined than those which have, with so much advantage, been estab- lished in modern society. The deviations into coarseness were not the habits of his mind ; and honour, fidelity, virtue, received his warmest approval. The celebrated Italian writers upon devices and emblems, or, as they termed them, Imprese, though contemporaries E 50 Life of Andrea Alciati. of Alciati, did not issue their works until after his death, when many of his emblems had long been popular ; and it is therefore only just to attribute some of their excellencies to the models which he had supplied for study. Paolo Giovio, bishop of Nocera, first published at Rome in 155s, his " worthy tract," as Daniell named it,^* "DlA- LOGO deir imprese militari et Amorosi," in which he so well discusses many of the insignia and devices of celebrated men. This work re-appeared the next year, 1556, at Venice, in two forms by two different printers, Giordano Ziletti and Gabriel Giolito : the first, CON VN DiscORSO di Girolamo Rtcscelli, intorno alle stesso soggetto .•" and the other, " CON VN Ragionamento di Messer Lodovico Domenichi, nel medesiino soggetto!' Gabriel Symeoni's " Impj'ese heroiche et morale',' Lyons 1559, — and his Seiitentiose Imprese," Lyons 1562, are of a similar excellence to the foregoing. The whole four became popular, and exercised great influence throughout Europe, increasing a taste for symbolical and emblematical device and they are still the best and most interesting introductions to the subjects of which they treat. Andrea Alciati had resided, lectured and taught in the universities of Bologna, Ferrara and Pavia, and his emblems and emblem-tastes would there become known. At Bo- logna in 1546 the Italian scholar, Achille Bocchi, had founded the academy of that city ; and in 1672, under the patronage of the cardinal Francisco Barberino, had been printed Zani's Memoirs, Emblems and Pictures of the Acade- micians ixom 1590 to 1672. Achille Bocchi also issued in that city in 1555 a very elegant 4to, containing 150 em- blems,^^ of which the devices are from copperplates of great See "The worthy tract of Paukis louius, contayning a Discourse of rare inuentions, both Mihtarie and Amourous called Imprese, &c. By Samuell Daniell late Sttident m Oxenforde." At London 1585. See Pear's Correspondence of Sidney and Languet, p. 9. 86 " Symbolicarvm Qvestionvm, libri qvinqve," pp. 340, Bononise 1555- Influence on the emblem-writers of Italy. 51 excellence, the work of Guilio Bonasone. Within the six- teenth century the presses of Bologna sent forth other em- blem-books, as Palazza's Discorsi Iinprese, &c., 8vo, 1577; and Caburacci's Ti^attato dove si dimostra it vej'o e novo modo di fare Ic Imprese, 4to, 1580. Nor did Ferrara and Pavia remain unimpregnated with the emblem-spirit. In the former city Rinaldi's volume of emblems, a small 8vo, appeared in 1588 ; and in the latter, Lucas Contile's Ragionainento — sopra la proprieta delle Im- prese, &c., folio, 1574; and Cimolotti's II stiperbi, 4to, 1587. During the same period, 15 50-1600, many other cities of Italy could name writers and composers of emblem-books of no mean renown. Venice led the way, and might boast of at least seven authors.^^ Rome yielded Gabriel Faerno, 1564, whose work is rich for its classic fables and beautiful plates, said to have been designed by Titian ; the Iconcs of Hortinus in 1585 ; Fabrici, 1588, a wearisome volume indeed, but containing a great body of artistic work ; and Emblemata Sacra by S. S. Cselius in 1589. From Milan we name only Porro's emblems, // primo libro, 1589 ; and from Brescia in 1568, Rime de gli Academici occidti. With honour to herself Naples may close the list. There in 1562 Scipione Ammirato published his excellent work on emblems, — // Rota ovcro dcW Iniprcsc : the historian and secretary, Guilio Cesare Capaccio, was the author of Dclle Imprese trattato in tre parti diviso, 4to, 1592, which contains 303 emblematical devices executed with taste : and of the world-renowned Torquato Tasso a volume ranked among emblem-books, — Discorso del Poeine, printed at Naples in 1594. In 1599 also at Naples was published La pompa for Philip II. of Spain, by Ottavio Caputi. 87 They are Dolce in 1552, 1572 and 1575; P. Mori in 1566; Guazzo in 1585; Camilli in 1586; Pezzi in 1589; Bargagli in 1589; and Porri in 1597. I have read, though I cannot recall the authority, that a work printed at Venice in 1620, Capaccio's Principe, contains a treatise on the emblems of Alciati. 52 Life of Andrea Alciati. The real state of Italy^^ as to the growing taste for em- blems and the free use of them, during the greater part of the sixteenth century, has been graphically delineated by Joseph B. Yates S9 speaking of the numerous academies of Italy, and of some of their customs : "Among the earliest was the society of Intronati or Block- heads, established at Sienna, whose device was an empty pumpkin, surmounted by a couple of pestles, and bearing the motto of * Meliora latent' An allusion is here made to the Tuscan method of storing salt, namely, ramming it, by means of pestles, into scooped and dried pumpkins. But as these when well filled with salt, become very valuable, so may an empty head (Intronate) proverbially called in Italy a pumpkin, become stored with useful knowledge by dint of education and assiduity. Nearly at the same period flourished several academies bearing equally quaint titles. Bologna, besides its institute and university, boasted its Inqineti and Oziozi — Brescia, its Occulti — Florence, its Umidi — Perugia, its Insensati — Rome, its Umoristi — Pavia, its Cavallieri del Sole, its Affidati and its Chiave d' Oro (key of gold), of which last Alciato was a distinguished member. Each had its device and motto. Nor was this all. It became the practice for every individual member to take to himself a distinctive device and motto, and even an academic name. On reference for example to the Ragionafuento, published by Luca Contile in the year 1574, we find a full de- scription of the device, motto and assumed name of all the 115 academicians who then composed the society of Affidati at Pavia. Among these, the good archbishop of Milan, San Carlo Borromeo, had for his device the galaxia or milky way, for his motto ' Mon- strat iter,' and for his academical name Infiaimnato. Others were ^ A great fondness for symbol and emblem also characterised the '* Spelen VAN SiNNE," or allegorical representations of the cities and villages of the Netherlands during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. * ' The Rhetorical Chambers," as they were named, existed in the most obscure villages, each having "its peculiar title or blazon, as the lily, the marigold, or the violet, with an appropriate motto." See Motley's Dutch Repicblic, pp. 79, 80, See his paper read before the Literary and Philosophical society of Liver- pool 1 8th October 1848, "^4 sketch of that branch of Literature called Books OF Emblems, as it flourished during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries,'''' pp. 18, 19. A cadeniies of Italy — account of them. 5 3 denominated // quieto, II patie?tte, VInviato, L Offtiscato, II pronto^ &c. ; and a very handsome engraving, with a long and learned dissertation, is devoted to each. This author gives an outline of one of the above-mentioned academies of Pavia, 'the Cavallieri del Sole.' The members met every Monday and Thursday. They appoint for the ensuing two months a president or conservator e. They keep in constant pay a riding-master, a fencing-master, and professors skilled in every sort of vocal and instrumental music. They engage to cultivate all Christian virtues, attend mass every morning, and receive the holy sacrament. Whenever any person of distinction arrives or passes through Pavia all the academicians go forth to meet him, and join him at such a distance from the city as may be proportionate to the rank he bears. All quarrels, controversies, and complaints, are sedulously adjusted by the society. Six times in the year they repair to the church of St. Epiphany, where solemn music is performed in their presence. By these means (adds our author) all controversies are at an end ; sedition is unknown ; idleness, the source of all crime, is banished ; revenge never enters the thoughts ; the thirst after sordid gain is moderated ; and every breast is inspired with a zeal to live use- fully and honourably." To have withheld such a picture of life in the cities and universities of Italy, would have been to keep back some of the influences by which our author was surrounded, and the knowledge of the kind of companions with whom he asso- ciated. The Chevaliers of the Siui in Pavia have been set before us ; and wc should remember that he belonged to a similar fraternity in the same city.^^ In this fact have we not an assurance that the darker representations of his cha- racter arose rather from envy than from just and true testi- mony } Sociably and pleasantly he took his place among his compeers, and acquired a high renown. Hence the °° Quadrio, in his work Delia Storia e delta Ragione d'ogni Poesia, Bologna and Milano 1739- 1752, vol. i. p. 89, tells us the motto on the key was "Clauditur et aperitur liberis," It shuts and opens for its children, — an invention of Mar- chesino di Pescara. Every member wore the key round his neck, " De quest' Accadcmia fu pure il magno Andrea Alciato." 54 Life of Andrea Alciati. respect and the honours paid to him in Pavia, where he lived and where he died. Out of Italy also, during the half century which followed Alciati's death, there prevailed a marked cultivation of the emblem-literature. More notably was the interest mani- fested in France ; next in the Netherlands ; also in England, Germany and Spain. In this century, of our author's own emblems in the Latin text there were at least ninety edi- tions,9^ and in French, Italian, Spanish and German, not less than forty editions. Thus within eighty years from their first collection at Milan in 1522, one Jmndred and tJiirty editions testify to the popularity of the emblems of Alciati. During the same period, the writers of original emblems, several of them copyists of Alciati, were also numerous. Of those who used the Latin tongue to set forth their mottoes and devices there were above forty separate authors ; the Italian about twenty-five ; the French above twenty ; the English ten ; the German eight ; the Spanish five ; and the Dutch or Flemish three. The seventeenth century witnessed a large increase both of writers and of editions, which, for our argument that Alci- ati's example and influence continued to be in action, are not required to be specially recapitulated. Let it sufiice to be simply stated that of emblem-writers since the birth of Andrea Alciati in 1492, there have been nearly one tJiotLsand four Jmndred, for whose existence satisfactory evidence can be adduced ; and that though of the greater part of them only one edition was issued, yet the libraries of Europe pos- sess at least three thousand, and it may be four thousand, distinct editions. From these large numbers, should even a considerable Namely at Milan one, Ferrara one, Venice two, Augsburg and Frankfort each five, Leyden six, Bale seven, Antwerp fifteen, Paris twenty-one, and Lyons twenty-nine. Ctiltivation of emblem- literature — Douce, Brydges. 55 majority be deducted, it could not be doubted that the great jurisconsult of Milan left upon his own age and on the generations which followed, the marks of those lighter labours of his, which he has playfully likened to the sport of boys in a contest for nuts, or to the employment of women occupied by their embroidery. Fully to speak of him belongs rather to the lawyer than to the emblematist. His renown for eloquence and for inti- mate acquaintance with the principles and application of » the maxims of jurisprudence, so great as it was in his own day and for a century afterwards, is now seldom mentioned ; and when he is himself referred to, it is chiefly as the poet who imparted a more classic form and spirit to what was deemed the literature of amusement. It is his emblems, the numerous editions of which we are about to catalogue, that now build up his fame, and therefore to them we have directed and are directing the greater part of our remarks. Very warm testimony to their excellence has been borne by one who for study and scholarship was fully qualified to speak with authority. It is found in the hand-writing of Francis Douce in a copy of the Paduan edition of the em- blems, 1 62 1, which he used for some years, and which is now treasured in the Bodleian library, Oxford. This book," he remarks, " was the delight of my youthful days nor has my veneration for it ever diminished. I have picked up every edition of it that has fallen in my way." Compared with several of the earlier works which are in- cluded in the emblem -literature, Alciati's style is much purer and far more epigrammatic, as if he studied rather to 92 How similar to the expressions of sir Samuel Egerton Brydges, in the Retrospective Revieiv, vol. ix. p. 124, when speaking of Whitney's emblems, so often founded on those of Alciati ! " We have known those whose boyish days have been made more agreeable by the emblems of Whitney, who could recol- lect the different prints, their situation, the details, the whole, to their then delighted minds, beautiful pictures, which adorn that most ancient preceptor in emblematic art." 56 Life of A iidrea A Iciati. compress than to amplify. Not one of his translators has hitherto equalled him in these respects. We cannot indeed justify the extravagant eulogium of Tozzius,93 and say, "the almost divine emblems of a most excellent poet ;" yet with Gyraldus9* we may allow, that " Alciati can be placed in the college and company of poets, because there are many of his verses, as epigrams and emblems, printed in divers cities. And concerning him can truly be said what is found in Cicero concerning Scaevola, that ' of those expert in law he is most eloquent, and of orators the most expert in the law.' I will add that he is both a very learned and a good poet. But our commendation Alciati needs not, for by his writings he is already accounted illustrious and famous throughout the whole world." There are indeed several defects in our author's verses ; the exact prosody of the Latin tongue is sometimes vio- lated ; and the mere poetry of measures does not tolerate such faults. These consist in allowing pentameters fre-"^- quently to run off into polysyllables, and so to lose no little grace.9^ Francis Vavasseur, On the Burlesque, had with great learning and research maintained that the Greeks and Romans were ignorant if not incapable of the really bur- lesque style ; and in another work. On the Epigram, had allowed considerable liberty for sake of the wit and the point which epigrams, and consequently emblems, should contain. His adversary, a Jesuit father like himself, Rena- tus Rapin, declared the epigram to be the most insipid of all poetry unless it were admirable, and that a good epigram is so rare that to make one is sufficient for the whole of a ^3 Emhlemata, D. A. Alciati, 4to, Patavii, p. v. ^* De Poetis nostrorum temporum, as quoted in the Paris edition of the em- blems, 1602. 9^ See Tiraboschi's Sloria delta Lit. Ital., vol. vii. p. 1066, and Mazzuchelli's Scrittori (V Italia, vol. i. p. 366, who refers to Olaus Borritius De Poetis Latinis, vol. iii. num. 85, and Baillet's Jugemens des savans : also to Francis Vavasseur De Ludierd Dictione, 1658, and De Epigr animate, 1669. Commendation — defects — number of emblems. 57 man's life. Judged by so high and withal by so true a standard, it is not surprising that Alciati's "trifles for the festive hour " wander here and there from the strict rule, and, though excellent in conception and even in expression, are not always perfect in their poetic measures. Moreover, our author does not pass unaccused of not thoroughly understanding several Latin words which he uses. Barthol. Riccius, whose works were published in Venice in 1541, and in Ferrara in 1562, addressed in 1556 admonitions to his son Camillus respecting certain Latin words of Alciati, " ab eo male perceptas." Of the great number of editions of Alciati's emblems, which, as we have observed, followed the years 1548-155 1, when his Cai'mina Synibolica, as we may name them, were completed and firmly established in general favour, there were four chief sources. Elsewhere 9^ we have entitled these sources, and not inappropriately. The four fountains of the • Alciati emblems, and on their being collected into one series, TJlc Alciati emblems in their fidl stream. The full stream never exceeded 211, except when the Paduan editions of 1 62 1 and 1 66 1 made the number 212, by restoring from the Venice edition of 1546 one emblem which had been sup- pressed ; and when, about 1680, by also restoring this emblem, and dividing two others, Aurelio Amalteo enume- rated in his manuscript Italian version 214. The Translations of the emblems of Alciati are into French, German, Spanish and Italian. It is not certain whe- ther England ever down to 1871 possessed an English ver- sion ; and the Dutch, though no mean amateurs, and indeed proficients in emblem-art, do not name the great master's book one which their children can read, as they do the In Ihc second volume of the Holbein society's publications for the year 1870, and in the first for 1871, namely : i° " ^lltfrene ^Tctatl'iS ^XXMzxWVi.* turn dr0ntcS cauatuor;" and 2° "^ulfrcae ^Iriatt emBlematum JFlumen aIjuntfan)S»" Both volumes sm, 4to, Triibner & Co., London. 58 Life of Andi^ea Alciati. works of father Catz. Of the authors of the translations, and of the translations themselves, notices will be taken in the catalogue in the proper places. We may here observe that the French, by whom Alciati was so much admired in his chair of jurisprudence at Avignon and at Bourges, took the precedence in the work of rendering the emblems into their native tongue ; next followed the Germans ; to them succeeded the Spaniards ; afterwards came the Italians ; and last of all the English. The French translators were Le Fevre in 1536 ; Aneau in 1549, to whom is assigned the credit of arranging the em- blems according to their subjects ; and Mignault, or Minos, the commentator, in 1583. Of German translations the ear- liest was in 1542 by Wolphgang Hunger, a Bavarian; and a second was issued by Jeremias Held von Nordingen in 1566. A claim has been made for a Spanish translation as early as 1540^^ by Bernardino Daza, but on insufficient grounds ; with more reason the date 1 542 may be assigned, but of a certainty 1549.^^ The Italians furnish three translators, — Giovanni Marquale in 1549 ;99 Paolo Emilio Cadamosto in 1626; and Aurelio Amalteo about 1680. An EngHsh translation of a portion of the emblems is in manuscript of the beginning of the seventeenth century ; and a new Eng- lish translation is now awaiting publication by the Holbein society of Manchester. Of these various translations it is impossible to judge except by placing them together for comparison. For this purpose let an example be selected common to them all ; it See Antonio's Biblioth. Hispana nova, vol. i. p. 168. 9^ Daza's translation is said to have been placed "on the Index Expurgato- rius of Spain," and remained there as late as the year 1790. This may account for the absence of reprints of "Los emblemas de Alciato," and the prevalence of the Latin text with Spanish notes by Don Diego Lopez in 161 5. Audifredi's Catalog, bib. casanatensis, vol. i. p. 91, records that at Venice in 1620 J. C. Capaccio, in "II Principe," rendered Alciati's emblems into Italian, Translations of the emblems — Specimens. 59 is numbered emblem vii. in the regularly arranged editions : we take Steyner's text, 1531, B vii. Latin Text. " NON TIBI SED RELIGIONI. Isidis effigiem tardus gestabat aselh(s, Pando iierenda dorso habens mysteria. Obuiiis ergo deam qiiisquis reuerenter adorat^ Piasq; genibus concipit flexis preces. Ast asinus tanticm prcestari credit hoJiorem, Sibi, 6^ intiimescit admodum siiperbieiit. Donee cum flagris compesceiis dixit agaso, Non es deus tu aselle, sed deum vehes^ Augusts Vind 153 i, B vii. French. "ipon a to^ | niai'0 a religicn. "Hai'ne portoit tJunij fainct fa djaCfe: (£t tiD^ant djafcim proftemec | CupDe que ce pour Iup fe face: »)i penfe la tout gouuenter. "^cd^ Cur ce on le tint liaiTonner | (£it lu^ tiiTant mot^ tie telle forte: »)U0 Ijautietl il fault pietonner: %i\ ne0 pa0 fainct I maf^ tu le porte." 3iep le feure, fol if 1536. " Non d toy Phonneur : inais a la Religion!' Narration. "Vng paresseux Asne portoit I'lmage De la Deesse Isis : auquel hommage Tous rencontrt^z faisoient, en suppliant Reueremment : & les genoilz ployant. '^^ See also on the same subject at p. 39, De la Fontaine's Fables C/wisis, ed. 1699; liv. V. p. 215, V Ane povtant des Rcliques. Life of Andrea Alciati. A luy I'honneur I'Asne estre faict pensoit. Et en orgueil iusqu'a tant se dressoit Que TAsnier dist (touchant a verges fortes) Tu nes pas Dieu ( as fie) fnais tii le partes.'''' Aneau 1549. Non tibi, sed religioni." Emblem vii, " L'HoNNEUR A TOY n'appartient mais a ton estat." " Une Asne portant la Statue D'Isis, que le peuple honnoroit, Et tout chacun se prosternoit De qui elle fut appercue. Luy pensant que cest honneur grand Fut fait pour luy presque il s'arreste, Fait du mauvais fait de la beste, II s'enfle et orgueilleux se rend. Donq' son conducteur le manasse, Et le vous foettant sur le lieu, Baudet, dit il, tu n'es pas Dieu, Quoy que tu en porte la chasse." Cl. Mignault ed. 1587. " Cecy est tire des fables de Gabrias." German. " Nit dier, so?ider der geystlicheyt^ Emblem xxxv. " Ein Esel trueg ems haylgen Mid, Vor dem sich naygef yederman, Des ward der Esel stoltz vnd wild, Maint im selbs wiird die ehr getha?i, O schelm, ich solt dich leren gan, Sein maister sagt, vnd schlagen vol : Nit dich, den haylgen bett man an, Ein vjiglert pfaff verstet es wol.''^ WoLPHGANG Hunger 1542, p. 87. Translations for comparison. "'^x^i fonber ©ott c()ren. " £)er (Sfel baS gar kngfam tl)ier, 2(uff feinem ru(f en trug ^er fiir, :^a6 bitbnug t^nb bic ^eUigen gut ^er ©'ottin Sftbi6, fo jlet ^in jeber ber fiir iiber reift, Ser ©i3ttin groffe c()r bewcijl ; SJZit niber fallen auff bie ©rb, Unb bettet an bie ©i3ttin trerb. ^er @fel meint in feinem ftnn (Sild) el)re wiirb erjciget im, SBarb bef5 ^oX\itx\. mit .g)od)mut graf , (Erbaber unb floltj iiber bmag, SSifj ba§ er n)arb gefd^lagen \)on S)em ©fel-treiber, ber fprad) non ; S)u bij! fein ©oft bu forid^te %\)m, ©onber bu tregf! ein ©ott auf bir." Held von Nordingen 1566. Spanish. " No a vos sino a la religion''' P- 57- " Como vn asnillo que \ la Ceres santta Con tardo paso en precision lleuaua Viesse por toda parte gente tanta Que k cada paso en par d'el se humillaua, En tal soberuia entre si se leuanta Que asise dib el honor q a ella se daua, Hasta que el palo y voz dixeron junto No soys 110s Dios, mas lie nays su tr as unto.''' Bernardino Daza 1549. Italian. Non a te, via alia Religione!" p. 9. " Mentre rozzo Asinel la imagifi santa D'lsi di qua di la lento portaua ; Life of Andrea A Iciati. Vedendo ou tmqiie gia, la turba ta?ita, Ch^adora?ido la Dea le s' inchinaiia^ Fra se stesso di do si gloria e vanta Recando a se V honor, cJia lei si daua : Quando a colpi di busse la sua guida ; Til Dio non sei, mala Dea porti grida."" GiouANNi Marquale 1 55 1. Non a te, ma alia Religione^ Emblem vii. ' D'lside il simtilac7'o, v?i di, portaua LAsinel tar do, sourdl ctiruo dor so Venerandi misteri, e sacri haiiendo Postosi incontro ogniin, la Dea, deusto, E reuerente, adora ; e, chino a terra, Pietose, preci concepisce, e fonna. Ma VAsin, cEa se fatti que gli ho?tori Sol credea, gojifio, forte insuperbiua Quando lui, con le sferze, rintuzzando E battendol, gli disse VAsinaio ; Asinel, Dio non sei, ma porti Dio^ P. E. Cadamosto. 1626. " Non a te, a la Religione." Emblem cl, ' DA un Asinello essendo gia po?'tata Su r incur uato dor so a pas si lenti D imagine dhin Dio, da molte genti Quesfera riuerita, et adorata. Vasino insuperbij che si credea Quel tanti assequi al Nume tributati A se stesso dal popolo esser dati ; E fermo caminar piu non uolea. Ma uedendol si g07ijio, e si restio, Con molte battiture allhor Vafflisse Dasinaro adirato; e poi le disse, Asino, non sei Dio, ma porti un Deo'' MS, of AuRELio Amalteo, about 1680. Translations for comparison. 63 English. Non tibi, sed Religionir p. 8. " 'nr^HE pastors good, that doe gladd tidinges preache, X The godhe sorte, with reuerence do imbrace : Though they be men, yet since Godds worde they teache. Wee honor them, and giue them higheste place, Imbassadors of princes of the earthe, Haue royall seates, thoughe base they are by birthe. Yet, if throughe pride they doe them selues forgett, And make accompte that honor, to be theires : And do not marke with in whose place they sett, Let them behowlde the asse, that Isis beares, Whoe thowghte the men to honor him, did kneele. And staied therfore, till he the staffe did feele. For, as he pass'd with Isis throughe the streete, And bare on backe, his holie rites about, Th'y^^gyptians downe fell prostrate at his feete. Whereat, the Asse, grewe arrogante and stowte. Then saide the guide : oh foole not vnto thee, Theise people bowe, but vnto that they see?" Whitney 1586. Non tibi, sed religioni." VII. p. 4. " ^ (lO^D pas'd ass did Isis image beare having hir shrine vpon his crooked backe : And those to whom the goddesse did appeare, did reverence hir, on knees by falling flatt ; The Asse suppos'd, this hono^ don to him did then begin to puffe and swell with pride Till that the Carter whipping him gan sing. Thou art no god, but god doth on thee ride." MS. about A.D. 1 600-1 610. For the bibliographical study of the emblems this me- thod of supplying a comparison of the different transla- 64 Life of Andrea Alciati. tions will be found not simply useful but necessary ; for the ARRANGEMENT of the completed emblems very much less of remark will suffice. The first decided change in this respect was made in 1547-15 78, soon after the issue at Venice in 1546 of the large addenda. Hitherto the emblems had been placed without regard to the connexion or proper succession of the subjects. Barptholomseus Anulus, as our authority names him/ who gave a new version of them into French, also arranged them according to their sub- jects, "in locos communes, et tanquam in certas classes." He proceeded from the highest to the lowest, namely, "a Deo Optimo maximo ad arbores." Alciati himself approved of this arrangement, and communications concerning it, and also concerning the origin and authorship of some addi- tional emblems, passed between him and Anulus. " Re- specting these things," remarks Prateius, "Anulus at that time consulted the author, while yet alive, who a little after yielded to the fates, about in fame to live an eternal age." The arrangement thus made was only in a slight degree altered afterwards, in 155 1, by admitting to the precedence the three dedicatory emblems, namely those which comprise the symbolical devices of the duke of Milan, of the city of Milan, and of the family of the Alciati. Thenceforward the order thus established was observed, and in the full editions the emblems were distinguished by the numerals I.-CCXL, in a few instances I.-CCXII. A far more difficult and more important question de- mands consideration ; who were the ARTISTS by whom the various devices were drawn and executed that were used to ornament certain series of the editions t Our information is by no means so extensive or so reliable as we could wish. ^ Pandolphus Prateius, a jurisconsult of Augsburg, writing from Lyons in July 1559, to the candid reader of Alciati's works, {Opera omnia, 4 vols, fol., Basilise 1582, vol. iv. col. 1496,) narrates what has been said. Artists — Schdufelein — Jo Hat. 65 Of his editions, 15 31-1534, Steyner says, that "elegant pictures " had been added to the work ; but surely they are elegant only to him who, having been accustomed to etch with a pick-axe on a hard gravel-road, then for the first time employed a chisel on a block of wood ? Wechel of Paris in 1534 intimates that he shunned neither labour nor expence " in fashioning the devices and certainly he has succeeded better than Steyner. The Venice editor in 1546 in the name of the Aldi-brothers declares that, among other things, " the figures will yield delight ;" yet of a truth they are not equal to what the artistic skill of that age could produce. Excepting on the colophon of Steyner's April edition of 15 31, neither the names nor the initials of the designers and wood-cutters are attached to any of the blocks. The rude, unfinished nature of the early devices renders it not improbable that with his epigrammatic stanzas Alciati himself had supplied roughly-drawn designs of his own, and that these were the guides which the engravers followed in the three series of editions of Augsburg, Paris and Venice. Ours is a conjecture ; it aims to pass for no more than it is worth ; but we should remember how natural it is for a writer of the wit which is intended to be pictured to become artist as well as poet, — the conception is his, if not the drawing in outline. The evidence of the monogram r$ in the second of the Augsburg editions, April 15 31, proves that Henry Steyner himself, or Hans Schaufelein, a scholar of Albert Diirer, executed the woodcuts. Accordingly one or the other of them has been named as the artist^. For the Paris series by Wechel, 15 34-1 544, there has been named as the artist, Jollat, a French engraver, who flou- rished about 15 10, and who in 1532 executed the neat cuts for an anatomical work by Carolus Stephano, M.D. The 2 See Graesse's Tresor de Livns rares et precieux, vol. i. p. 62. F 66 Life of A ndrea A Iciati. two additional devices given by Wechel in 1 542 bear traces of the workmanship of another hand, and JoUat, who had executed the woodcuts of a missal in 1492, may not have been surviving beyond 1540. True it is that in an edition of Le Fevre's French version, 24mo, Paris 1562, in which there are 108 emblems, but only 36 devices, the woodcuts have been attributed to JoUat ; but these woodcuts must have been obtained from Wechel's old stock used when he put forth for the first time Le Fevre's translation. The Aldine edition of 1546 remains without any identifi- cation of the artist who designed its devices. In 1544 Jacobus Modernus of Lyons issued a small 8vo with 1 07 devices, and repeated it in 1 5 45 with 113. The wood- cuts are roughly executed copies from those which Wechel employed ; they are not however from the same blocks. A series of emblem-volumes of Alciati, in at least ten editions, were issued by Tornaesius and Gazeius, or by De Tournes alone, between the years 1547 and 1570. Several of them are in Latin, and three in French containing 198 emblems, but only 113 devices, which accompany the first book but not the second. The woodcuts are generally assigned to the skill of Le Petit Bernard, i.e. Solomon Ber- nard, born at Lyons in 15 12, and supposed to be still living in 1598. The booksellers gave him much employment, and he performed his work with spirit and neatness. A copy of De Tournes' Latin edition, 1547, which is in the fine collec- tion of the Bodleian library, offers the following note in Douce's handwriting : " The cuts are perhaps by Le Petit Bernard, or by Cousin," (born near Sens in 1530.) ''They bear the strongest likeness to the editions printed by Marnef, — Cousin's designs, but a different engraver from that in Marnef's edition." ^ 3 Brunet's Mamtel du Libmire, vol. i. p. 149, says of them : " Elles sont assez dans la maniere du Petit Bernard auquel on les a attribuees. " Also of an edi- tion in 1566, R. Weigel's Catalog., Leipzig 1844, No. 13373, remarks: "Mit vielen Holzschnitten vielleicht vom B. Salomon, oder dem petit Bernard." Artists — Le Petit Bernard — del Vaga. 67 The longest and most important series of designs and woodcuts for the Alciati emblems, and from the same school of art if not from the same artists, extends from the year 1540 to 16 1 6, and numbers thirty-six editions, if not more. They are in Latin, French, Spanish and Italian. Of the whole number twenty-seven (1540-1616) bear the name of Roville, or of his heirs ; and nine (1548-155 1) the name of Mace or Mathias Bonhomme. Lyons was in every case the place of publication, though some have very strongly doubted 4 whether any edition of this series made its appear- ance before 1548. The peculiarity of this series of editions is, that, in the great majority of instances, every page, whe- ther title, dedication or emblem, is surrounded by a broad and handsome border, within which are placed the motto, device and stanza. The monogram P. V. stands clearly on forty-five of the borders that have been used in these editions, and militates against the supposition that the woodcuts were due to Le Petit Bernard .5 Nevertheless, as the blocks of the devices are independent of the blocks of the borders, though worked within them, the former may still have been wrought by Solomon Bernard. The initials P. V. have been explained to refer to a cele- brated designer of Rome, employed by Rafaelle on the execution of the Loggie of the Vatican, — Pierino del Vaga. His other name was Buonacorsi.^ He died in 1547 ; but, ^ See Graesse's Tresor, which says: " L'edition de 1540, citee par Antonio, Bibl. Hisp. N. (vol. i. p. 168) parait elre apocryphe ;" but on the other side see the Blandford Catalogue \\\\\\ the reference, "Los emblemas de Alciato en Lyon, 8vo, 1542," rendering it not unlikely but that there was also an edition t%vo years earlier. See also Mazzuchelli, vol. i. p. 368 ; and R. Weigel's Cata- log., 1587, No. 21 178, which inserts both the title and the place of imprint thus : '* Lyon par G. Rovillio, 1540." Of course these early editions could only have contained the 113 emblems which Wechel had printed, ^ As when Brunet's Manuel remarks: " Les figures en bois qui decorent cette edition sont marquees du monogramme P. V, ; c'est done a tort qu'on les a attribuees au Petit Bernard." ^ See Nagler's Ncues allgemevus Kunstler Lexicon, vol. ii. p. 198. 68 Life of Andrea Alciati. inasmuch as the Lyons edition of the Alciati emblems in 1548 would require much previous preparation, de Vaga may have wrought the plates with his initials found on thirty-two of the pages. Or, as he is said to have set up a workshop in Rome,7 from which proceeded only ''the mechanical," his successors there may have supplied the designs and attached his mark. The portraying of borders may properly be classed with " the mechanical." Another and more likely claimant for the P. V. initials, — were it not that he usually adopted a curious monogram made-up of P. V. V. D. and B, — is Pierre Woreriot or Voei- riot, born at Bar-le-Duc in Lorraine in 1532. A book of his engraving was printed at Lyons in 1556, where he chiefly resided, as a goldsmith, engraver and wood-cutter, and left behind him some hundreds of specimens of his skill. An artist so fecund as he was would commence in early youth ; and the borders are said to have been intended for goldsmiths, embroiderers, and similar artistes de hixe : yet, as he would only be 16 years of age in 1548, it is not easy to suppose that he executed the P. V. borders of that date.^ The remarks of so thoroughly an inquisitive and sound a critic as Francis Douce must receive the closest attention. They are attached in his own writing in the form of notes to editions of the Alciati emblems collected by him, and now to be found in the Bodleian library. These remarks seem almost to decide the question. In his copy of the Lyons edition of the French version, 1549, he wrote : " This is the first edition of Aneau's translation." " There are 93 emblems added by Alciat, but there are not cuts to all of them." "V.[ide] Papillon sur la gravure en bois tom. i. p. 545. See Goujet Biblioth. Franc, tom. vii. p. 82. He thinks the cuts were 7 See Kugler's Geschichte der Malerei^ vol. i. p. 648. 8 For a most interesting account of Pierre Voeiriot consult R. Dumesnil's Peintre Graveur Franqois, vol. vii. Artists — Voeiriot — Vtjzgles. 69 done by le Petit Bernard. This is certainly an erroneous opinion.^ On some of the borders the initials P. V. appear." " Some of the cuts are in the manner of Peter Gencheus, who is known to have been employed by Rouille about ten years after this work was printed." " Other cuts with P. V. are in the ' Heures a I'usage de Rome,' p.[rinted] by Mace Bonhomme at Lyons 1558, 8vo, and I suspect, on comparing these cuts with P. V. with those by A. Vingles in Yeiar's writing book, that the artist was named Vingles, and per- haps the brother of Jean de Vingles." D. ^' I have since discovered," he adds, there was a Peter de Vin- gles, a printer at Neufchatel. The de Vingles had been printers at Lyons from the year 1495, probable that some of the family were engravers. We know that John de V. cut the blocks in Yeiar's fine writing book."i^ With the emblem-book editions printed at Lyons 1548- 155 1 there appeared a higher style of design as well as a very elaborate ornamentation ; each page, as we have observed, received a broad border of fanciful scrolls and figures, often manifesting both skill and invention. But though Rovillc writes " twv ukovoov picturam " &c. about the no worthless picturing of images to feed the eyes ; and though for himself and Bonhomme the printer, he names " a great quantity of figures which they have anew invented, arranged and appropriated to the said emblems," the edi- tions themselves, if we except the plates monographed P.V., supply no proof from sign, mark or name, as to the cunning workmen who invested each of them in a frame-work of art. The style however of the borders is so similar through- out that we may consider them all to claim P. V. as their ^ See pp. 67-68 of the work for the proof. ^0 The Yeiars of Douce is printed Yciar in Brunet's Manuel, vol. v. col. 1506, who says oi Arte sublilissima, 4to, Carag09a, 1550, " elle est rempHe de gravures sur bois, et le texte, imprime en caracteres mobiles, est entoure de bordures par J. de Yciar and J. Vingles." EarHer editions, 1547 and 1548, are named as made by Yciar Ccesar- Augusta,'' i.e. Saragossa, when Yciar was in the 25th year of his age. 70 Life of Andrea Alciati. designer, whom the eminent Douce concludes to have been Pierre Vingles of Lyons. One special object contemplated by the richly-bordered editions of Lyons is explicitly stated in the address " to the Reader" prefixed to the 1548 edition; ''that from a little book of emblems as from a well-prepared promptuary, any one might possess what he could inscribe or paint on the walls of his house, on windows of glass, on curtains, hang- ings, tablets, vases, signs, images, on raiment, the table, couch, arms, sword, and household furniture." In the French version the same utilities are rehearsed. And at a later time, 1566, Held von Nordingen's German translation enu- merates among the recommendations of his work, that it would be found serviceable "to painters, goldsmiths, silk- embroiderers, sculptors or statuaries." The old emblematist had contented himself with simple devices, guiltless of orna- ment, and speaking chiefly to the mind ; the engravers and booksellers made them the vehicle of instruction in drawing and design ; they extemporised a school of art, and deemed a small book no inadequate an instructor.^! The woodcuts within the borders of the Lyons series, as well as of some others, are evidently from independent blocks. The drawings representative or symbolical of the subjects treated are, too, of different character and workman- ship from the borders. Ninety-three additional emblems having been supplied by the author, and a new set of wood engravings by Solomon (le petit) Bernard, a beautiful edi- tion was issued A.D. 1548," — so in his Sketch of Emblems^ pt. i. p. 22, Joseph B. Yates declares ; and with respect to the devices there is a strong probability that this account is true; for Bernard was born at Lyons in 15 12, and was living in 1598. " He executed," Bryan testifies,!^ number Gravelot and Cochin's four neat little volumes published at Bordeaux and Paris at the end of the last century, IcoNOLOGiE, aimed at the same object. " Dictionary of Engraving, Sec, p. 73. London 1848. Sources of designs for the emblems. 7 1 of wooden cuts for the booksellers, which are well designed and cut with great spirit and neatness." Besides his resi- dence was Lyons, and he was working there down to 1580. The borders by Pierre Vingles, — the devices by Solomon Bernard ; this is the conclusion to which we come respect- ing that important series of emblems of Alciati which were issued by Roville and Bonhomme. When, after the year 1546, we examine the DESIGNS for illustrating many of the Alciati emblems, it is evident that they originated under the influence and guidance of a higher skill and inspiration than those which the artists of Augsburg, Paris, or Venice possessed. From Roville's Alciati Em- blemata, Lyons 1 548, take the GanyinedeSy p. 7 ; the Belle- rophon and the Chimcera, p. 17 ; the Pallas, p. 25 ; the Abstinentia, p. 46 ; the Actceon, p. 51 ; the PhaetoUy p. 55 ; the Prometheus, p. 81 ; Love and the Power of love, pp. 84, 85 ; the Dames at dice, p. 105 ; the Madness of Ajax, p. 139 ; the Cavalier and the Maiden, p. 153 ; and ^neas bearing A nchises from Troy, p. 157; — and then say whether there are not signs and evidences, not it may be of direct copy- ing, but that the artists in wood were not unfamiliar with the methods in which some of their great predecessors and contemporaries had set forth the same subjects on canvass t It may not be possible to point them out with precision and certainty ; and for identification it would be necessary to go, the Alciati emblems in hand, from gallery to gallery where are treasured the great works of painters who were contemporaries of our author, and some of them his friends. But from such researches as have been instituted we are made aware, that not a few of the subjects of the Alciati emblems had been treated of by the famous painters and designers of his own age, whose renown and works would be known to himself He was a frequent traveller, at least in Italy and France, often changing his residence, and thus 72 Life of A ndrea A Iciati. enjoying great opportunities. His knowledge therefore of what contemporary artists had done would influence him in the choice of so many classical themes, or have enabled him to direct the artist of Lyons to the methods by which he would have them figured. Under this impression, until more accurate information was obtained very recently, July 187 1, from signor P. Antonio Ceriani, of the Ambrosian library, Milan, it had been con- jectured that the portraits which Leonardo da Vinci painted of Lodovico Sforza and his mistresses, Cecilia Galleroni and Lucretia Crivelli, and also of Lodovico and his consort, Beatrice d'Este, might, as far as the countenances, have been repeated in Alciati's emblem c^c. In fidem tcxoriam, On womanly fidelity ; or in emblem xix., Lascivia ; or in emblem cxliv., /;/ senatum boni Principis. This conjecture does not agree with the portraits themselves and must be given up, except so far as those portraits may have been the reason of the very marked improvement in the device of emblem cxc, edition 155 1, when compared with the first rough sketch in edition 1531, or with the increased skill in edition 1534. Alciati had noted how da Vinci delineated the human features, and excited his artist in Lyons, after a similar style, to symbolize the womanly and manly figures. In 1 5 16 Leonardo visited the court of one of Alciati's early patrons, Francis L of France, and died at St. Cloud in 1 5 19. While in residence there he painted several pictures, and among them, through some one or other of his scholars, ''a sitting Bacchus in a landscape" (originally a S. John). ^3 Nevertheless the term " uxorius " in the form of uxoriam, employed in em- blem cxc. , is expressly applied to Ludovico by Paulus Jovius in his Histories, ed. Basil 1578, p. 8, 1. 39. His wife Beatrice, daughter of Hercules d'Este, was renowned for her splendour and luxury, and for her ambition to take an active part in affairs of state: the historian says, " vt Ludouicus, qui iam tam blanditijs eius delinitus, vxorius habebatur, importune mulieris libidini nonnun- quam obtemperare cogeretur : prsesertim, quod ei filium, cui postea Maximi- liani nomen fuit, paulo ante pepcrerat. " 1'* See Kugler's Haridbuch, vol, i. p. 512. Da Vmci — Angela — Bink — Romano, &c. 73 Now emblem xxv., in Statuam Bacchi," was in Alciati's Milan collection in 1522; in the Augsburg edition, 15 31, represented by a sitting Bacchus, holding a cup and having a vine before him ; in the Paris edition of 1534, by a Bac- chus seated beneath a spreading vine, and holding a drum on his knee; and in the Lyons editions, 1548-1551, also a sitting Bacchus blowing a pipe and beating a drum, and having the vine and the bowl in due position. Surely in this case Alciati had directed his artist to follow Leonardo da Vinci's design. Michael Angelo, Buonarotto, born in Tuscany in 1474,^^ nearly twenty years before Alciati, but dying after him in 1563, had treated of Prometheus bound to Caucasus, of Ganymede and of Phaeton's fall ; and in them he had been followed by Nicolo Beatrice, born in Lorraine in 1500. To Bartel Behem of Nuremberg,^^ A.D. 1496, can be traced Apollo and Daphne; to James Bink of Cologne, 1504, the Triumph of Bacchus, and the seven virtues. Faith, Hope, Charity, Justice, Patience, Fortitude and Temperance, — most of which Alciati celebrates ; to Giulio Bonasoni, born at Bologna when Alciati was a child in the Milanese, Niobe and her children, and also the fall of Phaeton ; and to Gio- vanni Giacomo Caroglio of Verona, 1502, the punishment of Tantalus ; and from Michael Angelo the carrying up of Ganymede. There may be assigned to Giulio Romano of Rome, 1492, the year of our author's birth, Diana going to the chase, and some similar compositions ; and Hercules between Virtue and Vice, which subject also engaged the burin or graver of Robetta of Florence, 1460- 1540. Tizi- ano Vecellio, 1477-1576,^7 among similar subjects repre- sented the story of Actaeon, of Diana and her Nymphs in the bath, and of Bacchus and Ariadne ; Lucas van Leyden, See Kugler's Handbitch, vol. i. pp. 525-541. The dales are those of birth, or near it, ^7 See Kugler's Handbuch^ vol. ii, pp. 37-50- 74 Life of Andrea Alciati, 1494-1533, the Seven Cardinal Virtues in seven prints, 1530, which at an earlier date, not later than 15 17, John Walther van Assen of Amsterdam, also portrayed, accompanied by the Vices, Superbia, Luxtiriay Lividia, Ira, Gtda, and Avaricia ; all of which appear in the Alciati emblems, but not in the Milan collection of 1522, nor before the Venice edition of 1546. And finally. Marc Antonio Raimondi of Bologna, born 1487, engraved ^neas bearing Anchises from Troy, — a similar subject in a later day to engage the skill of Agostino Caracci, also of Bologna, 1558-1601. There are thus set before us various sources nearly all flowing from Italy, and from the contemporaries of Alciati, from which Le Petit Bernard, or any other artists to whom the author gave instructions as to the designs for his em- blems, might have taken hints or even examples, when they were employed about the year 1547 to prepare an entirely new set of devices. These devices, and imprinted from the very same blocks, appear to have been regularly in use in all the Rovillian editions, until the worn and battered wood was retouched, " Lvgdvni, Apvd Haeredes Gvlielmi Rovillii M.DC.XIII." for " editio vltima," — a last edition. It would be travelling too much beyond the limits of our author's life to pursue the question of the various artists who were engaged on the woodcuts of those numerous editions of the emblems which are of later date than 155 1. Some account of them and of the different series of editions, and of the commentaries upon them, will, at p. 79 of our work, precede the general catalogue itself. Reserving then the details, we may remark, that amidst considerable diversity there is much similarity in the artistic designs for nearly all the series of editions after the time of Bonhomme. The type of style imparted by Le Petit Ber- nard, or by that other engraver who could claim to be the '8 These are drawn in architectural compartments, and may have given origin to the architectural borders in the Lyons editions 1 548-1 564. Van Assen — great similarity in the devices. 75 veritable P. V., asserted itself for generations to come ; and whether blocks were cut for De Tournes of Lyons and Cologne, for Marnef, Richer, Valletus, &c. of Paris ; for editions in Frankfort, for Plantin and Rapheleng in Ant- werp and Leyden, or even for Tozzius in the classical Patavium, the designers and engravers took their guidance from the Rovillian and Bonhommian methods ; not that these were followed as mere copies are, line for line, but they were held in deep respect, and something of likeness to them could alone satisfy the public demand. As in the pictures of the saints, by whomsoever drawn, S. John must be attended by his eagle, and S. Mark by his lion. By natural selection from improved forms the Alciati emblem- art had advanced beyond the extreme savagery of the Augsburg tracings, the neatness of the Wechel devices, and the retrograde illustrations of Venice ; but when that art developed itself at Lyons, its traditions became fixed mo- dels, and a strong family likeness was propagated in all the varieties of woodcuts for his emblems that had followed the author's death. In 1550 he had been saluted " DiVlNUS " by the poets who bewailed him ; but the reverence lasted longer than the echoes of his funeral orations, and distant cities and times were taught to celebrate his fame by almost a ritualistic identity of devices. Some remarks by Mr. J. B. Yates on emblem-books and emblem-writers supply, in clear and forcible language, a general view of the subject as Alciati left it : " The close of the fifteenth and the beginning of the sixteenth centuries were signalized by stirring events. The invention of Printing and Engraving, the discovery of a New World, and the Reformation in the Church, evoked talent which had heretofore been overlaid by feudal and monastic institutions. In the appli- cation of that talent science was found to be of slow developement ; See his Sketch of thai branch of Literature called Books of Emblems^ p. lo. 76 Life of Andrea Alciati. government, political economy, municipal and international law, required to be tested by successive generations of men. But the plain broad maxims of morality remain the same in every age ; the fire of poetic genius bursts forth without waiting for the slow ad- vance of civilization and refinement; while the graphic arts at once present to the eye the most forcible illustration of those pre- cepts which philosophy and poetry may have bodied forth. Here then were the elements for the species of literature now to be brought under review, — a literature which was much cultivated, and in fact occupied a prominent place amongst the various pro- ductions of the learned and ingenious who flourished at that period. Such was the origin of collections or as they are commonly called Books of E7nbleins. Their object was to present to the eye a series of elegant and interesting pictures on a small scale, such as were proper to be affixed to furniture, vases, &c., or to inform and be- guile a leisure hour. Each emblem was accompanied by a short poetical Illustration, generally in Latin, (the universal language of European scholars) and the whole was frequently headed by a lemma, or title. " From the peculiarly perishable nature of such works, very few manuscript books of Emblems appear to be at present in existence although it is certain that such were produced, not merely by emi- nent artists and scholars, but also by amateurs, who thus contrived to occupy vacant hours and minister rational delight to their friends.^^ It is not certain however that the appellation of Emblejns was always attached to such MS. works. Indeed it would appear from the preface (ad Lectorem) to the Lyons edition, 1548, of Alciatds Emblems, that this eminent man was the first lastingly to confer that distinctive title upon this class of hterary production." Opinions, however, are not unanimous respecting the merit of Alciati's emblems. Scaliger's judgment, already^quoted, 2" There are, however, in the great Ubraries and in private collections, manu- scripts not a few in which the illustrative devices are in part or entirely em- blematical, 21 "In the Crevenna library," says Mr. Yates, "was a MS. upon vellum of the fifteenth century entitled, * Emblemes Satiriques et moraiix, avec letirs ex- plications en vers Francois, ^ 4to, 83 leaves. The recto of each leaf was occu- pied by a beautiful miniature, and the other side by the explanation in eight verses." — Fr'^/^ Crevenna Catalogue, No. 5389. y . B. Yates — Scaliger — Symbol-stanza for Alciati. 77 and that of others are very favourable, and a Funeral Ora- tion for Alciati by Bossius, quoted by Baillet^^ maintains : " If the Muses had wished to sing with any other mouth than their own, they would, according to all probability, have borrowed that of Alciati, so charming, and so sustained by learning are his Greek and Latin verses." " It is to his Emblems^,' remarks Baillet, " that he is indebted for the rank which is given to him among Poets, and we may say that this rank is not one of the last, although it may be rare to be at the same time a great Jurisconsult and a Great Poef'^^ Greatness, indeed, in poetry cannot be assigned to him. The elegance and the resources of the scholar are his, but not the sustained invention and inspiration of the Poet. Witty, epigrammatic, pleasing us ; such appears the estimate to be formed respecting the emblems of Andrea Alciati. Very recently his fame has been celebrated emblemati- cally, in a Symbol-stanza, with the device of a Smith hammering glozving iron at the forge : *'An Emblem on Andrea Alciati. " The dancing sparks around the anvil's coil Charm us like fire-flies in their rise and fall j So Alciat's Emblems 'mid the Forum's broil Flashed forth their wit and fascinated all ; The forgeman's brilliants fade along the floor, But Alciat's stars shine on for evermore." Shine on ! but only upon eyes with a vision fitted for them. Who now heeds those emblematical epigrams, those sym- bolical drawings and devices, those versions into civilized speech, those little notes the veriest Billets-doux of literature, or those gigantic commentaries which drain the entire ocean of Greek and Latin parallelisms, and yet so enlarge old 22 Baillet's Jugemens des S^avans, ed. Paris 1 722-1 730, in 8 vols. 4to, Tom. iv. p. 380. 23 Baillet's final judgment is certainly too severe: "It is better to cease speaking, than to continue rendering a Poet ridiculous w^ho has not merited it, and who ought not to i-eceive serious praises. " 78 Life of Andrea Alciati. Nestor's cup as to enable it to contain them all ? Who gives heed ? who sees the stars and is fascinated ? Perchance a solitary student to whom the pages and the once wide- spread fame of Andrea Alciati are not without interest, and who has found in them relief during hours that would other- wise have been wearisome ; but who above all has been rewarded by the sympathy and encouragement of two or three scholars of generous nature, who have honoured him with their approval, and he would fain hope with their friendship. These researches into an older and almost extinct litera- ture may be like investigations into a fossil world, — in appearance, a poking into dry dust and petrified bone ; but time was, when dust and bone were covered with a wondrous integument of flesh and nerves and sinews, and animated by a living soul. The soul and intellect of man, in all their forms are worthy of our study, and from the emblem we may rise to the figured reality, and in the reality perceive an ennobling truth and a higher guidance. LeJito al configlio, al fatto diligente.''' 79 THE EMBLEM-BOOKS OF ANDREA ALCIATI: A GENERAL VIEW OF THE EDITIONS AND THEIR WOOD-CUTS, AND OF THE NOTES AND COMMENTARIES. ES Emblemes ou entregectz de Seigneur Andre Alciat Gentilhome Mylannoys," The Emblems or castings of thought of Signor Andrea Alciati, gentleman of Milan, had, as we have seen in the Memoir of his Life, been widely scat- tered abroad in Europe previously even to his death ; and of most of the early editions, as those by Steyner of Augsburg, Wechel of Paris, and Roville and Bonhomme of Lyons, we have already spoken. These, however, comprise but a small portion, and a Bibliography of them demands that notice be taken of the various other classes into which the 185 editions maybe arranged. In imitation of Wechel's editions are those in small 8vo by Jacobus Modernus of Lyons, in 1544 and 1545. JoUat's designs are very closely followed, but the cuts from them are by a different workman, furnishing no mark or mono- gram by which to ascertain who he was. Several editions of the Latin text in two books were 8o Life of Andrea Alciati. issued from Lyons by Tornsesius and Gazeius, beginning in 1547 ; and of the French version of Le Fevre in 1548, &c., those bearing the name of Jean de Tournes. The designs for the woodcuts are generally attributed to the Little Ber- nard. So testify Brunet and R. Weigel ; but Francis Douce, in his copy in the Bodleian library, A 350, has written, "the cuts are perhaps by Le petit Bernard or Cousin.^* They bear the strongest likeness to those in the editions printed by Marnef," — " Cousin's designs, but a different en- graver from that in Marnef's edition." On collating the Wolfenbiittel copy of De Tournes' edition of 1548, the librarian remarks, June 25th 1871 : " Les planches sont sans bordures et manquent de monogrammes ou marques de graveur." This last observation, however, is not absolutely true of the edition of 1556 by Tornsesius and Gazeius, which con- tains Stockhamer's notes and a new set of woodcuts. A single one, the cut to emblem Ixxxiii., p. iii, bears the mono- gram H.B., which was used by Hans Bol, born at Mechlin in 1534. He travelled through Germany and resided awhile at Heidelburg, but 1556 is almost too early for him to be found at Lyons. Of this edition the other woodcuts were by the Little Bernard, the second book being nude or without devices. De Tournes' edition of Le Fevre's French version 1570, has woodcuts of the same character : "Figures dans le style du Petit Bernard ;" " Pas de monogrammes ou marque de graveur," observes the librarian of the Due d'Aumale, June 27th 1870. So the same plates continued to be used by De Tournes down to 1 6 14 and 161 5. According to M. W. Vitcher's letter, September 13th 1870, who, as librarian at Bale, collated those editions : " Les planches du premier 2< Jean Cousin, the founder of the French school of painting, was born in 1530, at Soucy, near Sens. "The French," says Kugler, vol. ii. p. 333, "have named him their Michael Angelo." Hans Bol — Petit Bernard — Jollat — Cousin. 8 1 livre se trouvent deja dans Tedition, a Lyon, par Jean de Tournes, 1555, a I'exception des No. 26, 90, 102. Les vers frangois ont subi quelques changements compares avec I'edition de 1555." The very fine impressions of devices to the number of 211, in the foHo edition of Alciati's works, Lyons 1560, and Bale 1582, are from woodcuts of the very same origin as those in the Lyons editions of 155 1, by Roville and Bon- homme. In all the imprints of the Alciati emblems, there are none superior to these for carefulness in the execution. In the other folio editions of our author's works, the em- blems, if given at all, are devoid of any devices. Between the years 1561 and 1583 several editions were issued in Paris, some by Jerome de Marnef alone, and some by him in partnership with William Cavellat. What is observed by M. Manceau, the bibliothecaire of Mans, June 27th 1870, respecting the edition of 1573 seems to apply to all the rest : " Sans monogrammes ou marques de graveur." In a similar Paris edition of 1562 by Jean Ruelle, some of the woodcuts are attributed to Jollat whom Wechel em- ployed in 1534, and are found in Plantin's 24mo editions of 1567 and 1573, and in Marnef's 24mo edition of 1574; but in this last instance the devices are only very like, not identical. Douce's MS. note in his copy of De Marnef and Cavellat's edition, Paris 1583, sums up what is to be known of the subject : "The cuts to this edition are said by Papillon, but perhaps incorrectly, to have been done after the designs of, or even per- formed by Cousin. They very closely resemble those in the editions printed by Jean de Tournes; and the artists, employed both by ^larnef and De Tournes to ornament many of their Books, appear in many instances to have imitated each other so closely as to deceive any one who does not examine their workmanship with the greatest attention. . In pp. 20 and 129," {i.e. of this 1583 edition) "there is the mark % with which I am wholly unacquainted, G 82 Life of Andrea Alciati. not choosing to rely on the opinion of Papillon who ascribed it to Woeiriot."25 At Frankfort-on-Mayne, beginning with 1566 and ending with 1597, there appeared tivo Latin and German editions, 1566 and 1580, each numbering 217 emblems (probably a misprint), and only 130 devices ; and three Latin editions, 1567, 1583 and 1597, with 211 emblems and 128 devices. The German translation by Held von Nordingen was printed for Sigismimd Feyerabend in 1566, and has at- tached to it a set of woodcuts from original blocks. The name of Jost Ammon of Zurich, 1 539-1 591, has been assigned to the artist who executed them, and there is reason to believe in the conjecture, for from 1564 to 1588 he was engaged on Frankfort editions of various works, and enjoyed the patronage of the generous-minded Feyerabend. The devices of this edition were repeated in the same city by Corvinus 1567, and by Basse 1580 and 1583; but Brunet's Manuel, vol. i. col. 148, declares that " Les planches en bois de Virgil Solis" decorate these editions ; and his testimony is confirmed in Graesse's Tresor, where the Frankfort editions of 1566 and 1580 are named with the note, Les figures en bois sont de la main de Virg. Solis." In his copy of edition 1583, A 398, Douce has written : The cuts to this edition were probably by Virgil Solis of Nuremberg, and were not, as far as I can find, used for any other." In this respect Douce was not sufficiently informed; the woodcuts of edition 1583 were, from the blocks made use of in the editions 1566 and 1567. The Annales Plantiniennes, 1865, by C. Ruelens and A. De Bucker, assign the year 1562 as the time when Christo- pher Plantin of Antwerp commenced with " Les devises de 25 This last name, to be found in Bryan's Dictionary of Painters under the heading of Woreriot, has been mentioned in our work at p. 68, The Diction- ary positively affirms : "His woodcuts are marked with a double cross, called the cross of Lorraine % but then the authority is Papillon's. Jost A inmon — Virgil So lis — a Prato — van Oort. 8 3 Claude Paradin,'' the long series of books of emblems, for which down to 1648, or even to 1692 and 17 15, the Plan- tinian press was celebrated under himself, his son-in-law Francis Rapheleng, and his grandsons and other members of the family of Moreti.26 Plantin's earliest edition of the two books of the Alciati emblems had Stockhamer's notes, and only 113 devices to 198 emblems; it came forth in 24mo in 1565, and was repeated in 1566 ; and in 1567 the devices were increased to 131. These devices were simple little woodcuts, probably of the same origin with many in Ruelle's Paris 24mo edition of 1562.27 The descriptions of the Emblems and Commentaries on them by Claude Mignault, are now to form a very impor- tant element in Alciati's symbolical epigrams. Though often given to the public by Plantin of Antwerp, as in 1573, 1574, 1 58 1, &c., they were first issued in Paris in a 4to volume, printed in 157 1 by Dion a Prato. Graesse's Tresor"^^ names it, " La meilleur edition des Emblemes d'Alciat." What however, in our present connexion, is most important to notice, arises from the fact that some of the woodcuts bear upon them the much contested letter A, to be mentioned soon more at length when we treat of the artists who engraved for the Plantinian editions. Of this 1 57 1 imprint it has been said : "Le graveur est connu par le monogramme A (Adam van Oort)." If this be a well- founded assertion,29 it leads to the inquiry, whether the 26 Who are still owners of the original printing office and library founded in Antwerp by Plantin, and of the vine which he planted three centuries ago. 27 All that R. Weigel's Kunst-catalog.^ No. 21 165, says of them is: "ver- schieden von den Holzschnitten in 8, in den andern Plantinischen Ausgeben," They are different from ihe woodcuts in Svo in the other Plantinian editions. 28 Tresor de Livres rare et precieuxy vol. i. p. 62 . 29 Scarcely Avcll-founded, for Adam van Oort, the son of Lambrecht, was not born until 1557; and though born, as has been said, " with a decided genius for the art," the age of 14 years, I557-I57i» is too early, without more positive proof, to have the woodcuts in the edition of 157 1 assigned to him. 84 Life of Andrea Alciati. woodcuts signed A in Plantin's numerous editions did not really come from Dion a Prato's Paris edition of 1571, together with the designs for all the other woodcuts of which Plantin made use ? But the statements which follow bear directly upon the question, and the conclusion may be arrived at, that from 1571 there was a community of plan between Paris and Antwerp in nearly all the designs for the Alciati emblems ; the respective printers borrowed and interchanged and copied without any compunction, it being understood between themselves that they were at liberty to do so. Connected with Plantin the name of Claude Mignault first appears in 1573,^^ in an edition of the emblems, 211 in number with 168 devices ; the edition is a 24mo, and the devices are neat little woodcuts, without any engraver's mark. Many of them probably were from Plantin's edition of 1565, with Stockhamer's notes; they were afterwards imitated in the Genevan 24mo of 16 14. But it was the next year, 1574, to which really belongs the publication of Mignault's full commentary and notes to the Alciati emblems. This edition by Plantin was followed in different years by several others. M. P. Gall-Morel of Einsiedeln remarks, September 26th 1870, on collating a copy for our catalogue : Les figures sont petites et sans la marque du Xylographe." In his copy, A 343, Douce has written : " Many of the cuts are close copies from those in the editions printed by Marnef and Jean de Tournes. Others are quite original. They were certainly done by Anthony Van Leist of Antwerp." More complete editions, with the Mignault-commentaries and notes, were sent forth by Plantin in 1577 and 1581 ; ^ As will be seen under Plantin's edition, Antwerp 1574, Clement and Douce claim the distinction for that edition, and others, as Goujet and Desmolet, sup- pose it belongs to edition 1583, or even 1587. Van Leest — Monogram A — Van LonderzeeL 85 and may be regarded as that printer's models for his after editions. The devices are new with rich borders, and the woodcuts for the trees are far superior to any which had before been engraved for a similar purpose. They generally represent branches of the trees laden with fruit. The mono- gram A^i occurs on the woodcuts to emblems i, ii, iii, iv, v, vi, xvii, xviii, xxi, xxii and xxxvii, and has occasioned different conjectures. The same monogram A is found among the woodcuts to ''Emblemata, cum ahquot nummis antiqui operis, Joannis Sambuci," Antv., Plantin 1564; and the authors of Aimales Plaiitmiennes 1865, p. 42, say: "The mark A designates very probably Assuerus Van Londer- zeel." But if, as the account runs, Londerzeel was not born before 1548, and flourished 1 576-1 599, the A could not have been his monogram as an artist in 1555 and 1558, though it might have been in 1577. The plates in Plantin's edition of 1581 are exactly the same with those of 1577 ; and Bryan^^ expressly attributes the execution in 1581 of a set of cuts for the emblems of Andrea Alciati to Virgil Solis, who, born at Nuremberg in 31 In the first book printed, '* En Anvers, de I'imprimerie de Christofle Plan- tin 1555," *' L'INSTITUTION (fune fille de noble maison,'''' there is a pretty- vignette, "which," say Les Aitnales Plantiniennes, p. 6, bears the monogram A, and which is attributed to Assuerus Van Londerzeel." Also in Thevet's *' SiNGULARTTEZ de la France antarctiqtie, aiitnment nojnmee Aineriqiie, a An- vers, Plantin 1 558," some of the woodcuts representing animals and plants "bear the mark A" (Assuerus Van Londerzeel?) Attn. Plant, p. 17. There are also other vignettes well executed but without monogram, which apparently are not from the same hand as the woodcuts marked A. Whoever A may de- note he was employed by Plantin at the very origin of his renowned printing office. There was, however, in Plantin's service an Anton, van Leest, as well as an Assuerus van Landerzeel, and A. V. L. on an allegorical device to Lobel's Plafttartim seu stirpium kistoria, Antv., Plantin 1576, is interpreted to suit either artist. See Aim. Plantiniennes^ p. 172. We are infonned in Brunet's Mannel, tome iv. c. 67, under the heading NiCOLAY {Nicholas de) that, for the edition at Antwerp by Silvius 1576 of Navigations and Peregrijiations the woodcuts "have been in part made by Ahasuerus von Landfeld, or Londersel." Dictionary of Engravers and Printers, ed. 1849, p. 75*^* 86 Life of A ndrea A Iciati. 15 14, wrought at least as early as 1541. He died indeed in 1562, but out of the 800 prints which he designed and executed, there were many not made use of until after his death, as 170 cuts for The Metamorphoses of Ovid, Frank- fort 1563, and a set of cuts for the Emblems of Nicholas Reusner 1583. " He made designs," it is said, "and traced them on wood prepared for being engraved." An amusing inscription on his portrait g^^s forth his multifarious talents and employments, as well as those of many other artists of his time : ViRGiLius Sous was my name ; Through all the world extends my fame \ For artists many formed by me, Acknowledge my paternity And call me father. I did ever To serve them use my best endeavour : / painted, graved with the burin ; Illumiiid, to make art alluring ; Designed, to waken their ability ; And etch'd, to teach their hands facility ; And subjects traced on blocks of wood ; So no one as my equal stood In executing works of art, With skill refined in every part." The probability therefore is of much strength that, unless they bear the monogram A, the vast proportion of the plates in Plantin's editions of the Alciati emblems 1577, 1581, &c., ought to be assigned to the artistic skill of Virgil Solis. The question however remains undecided respecting the ownership of the A monogram. Through many editions of varying sizes, down to Balthazar Moretus in 1648, the much vexed A appears. It might happen that a search in the venerable archives, library and printing office of Plantin (still existing with his own vine in the Place du Marche de ^ Diciionary of Engravers and Printers^ ed. 1849, p. 750, Virgil Solis — de Weert — John Sadeler. 8 7 Vendredi at Antwerp), would discover some chips from the old blocks of 1577 or the blocks themselves, and the mys- tery no longer remain unsolved. Returning to Dion a Prato and his fourth edition of the Alciati emblems, Paris 1 571, we are required I think, by the evidence, to regard him as the common ancestor both of the Plantinian editions beginning in 1573, and of the multi- farious Paris editions issued, — sometimes with the name of Jean Richer 15 84-1608 in the title-pages, at other times with the name of Stephen Valletus 15 89- 1608, and anon with that of Francis Gueffier 15 89- 1608, on the title-pages. Of these editions certain title-pages have engraved within the columns of a portal a fine effigy of Alciati ; they bear the signature Jaques de Wieert, as Vallet's edition 1602 ; or Jaques de Weert, as Richer's editions 1601, 1608 and 161 8, De Weert resided chiefly at Paris, where, among several other book-ornaments, he wrought the frontispieces of these editions. The 211 devices for emblems and trees are from the old stock of Paris and Antwerp, for on comparing one by one the devices to the 197 emblems and the 14 trees in Plantin's issue of 1577, and in Vallet's of 1602, the only designs for the emblems proper which are not identical, the trees being excepted, are those to emblems vii, xliv, Ixxx and Ixxxii. The representations of the trees differ very widely, and greatly to the advantage of edition 1577. For the Paris edition there had been recuttings of the figures, but as to when, where and by whom, no monogram gives a sign. The palatial library at Modena possesses a volume with- out frontispiece, containing six devices for as many emblems, with the Latin verses of Alciati below them. The librarian, signor L. Carbonieri informed me, July 15th 1870, that they bear the name of the engraver, John Sadeler, and are assigned to the year 1599, In the same library a volume 88 Life of Andrea Alciati. of engravings of several authors also contains four other Alciati emblems, figured on copper by the same John Sa- deler Of the six plates one is marked " Eg, Mostard pi?tx" i.e. Gilles Mostaert, born near Antwerp in 1520, and dying in 1598 or in 1601 ; another is signatured inv. Matthia BriV,' who was born in Antwerp in 1550, and going to Italy during the pontificate of Gregory XIII. was employed by him in painting landscapes in the Loggie of the Vatican ; he died at Rome in 1584 or 1587 ; and a third plate has the notation, "Petri Siephani figur.!' who may have been the same with Pietro Stephanone, an Italian engraver living in 1620. The facts here established point out how, with due re- search in other libraries, fragmentary sets of designs and engravings might be discovered to illustrate the most popu- lar emblems of their day, and of two or three generations after. And surely it is interesting to note how Alciati's emblem cliv., De Morte et Ainore, engaged the power of so eminent a painter as Matthew Brill ; and how an illustra- tion of emblem Ixxxi., Desidiam abjiciendam, is assigned to Gilles Mostaert, whose picture, Christ on the cross between the Virgi?t and S. John, still adorns the museum at Antwerp. The Tornsesius, or Jean de Tournes of Lyons, whose edi- tions of the Alciati emblems have already been named, learned printing from Sebastian Grypheus of Lyons, who in 1548 was among the first to publish, though without de- vices, a full edition of the emblems. This John de Tournes founded one of the most celebrated printing ofiices in Eu- rope, which endured for 240 years in Lyons, Cologne and Geneva. He died in 1564, and was succeeded by a second ^ John Sadeler was the elder brother of Raphael Sadeler, and uncle of Egidius or Giles wSadeler, all three artists of very high repute in the sixteenth century. John was born at Brussels in 1550, and died at Venice in 1600, where his son Maurice was established as a publisher of prints. Mostaert — Brill — De Toumes — Diego Lopez. 89 John de Tournes, who being compelled in 1585 to quit Lyons because of his protestantism, settled in Geneva, and died there in 161 5, leaving a third John de Tournes. All three printed editions of the Alciati emblems. Of the Lyons editions we have spoken ; there were three editions set forth in Cologne, the Latin text in 16 14 and two French versions in 161 5. The plates are the same with very slight differ- ences ; and on comparison it has been ascertained by M. W. Vischer of Bale, September loth 1870, — Les planches du premier livre se trouvent deja dans I'edition, A Lyon par Jean de Tournes 1555." Three editions also by a Jean de Tournes were printed at Geneva in 1628, 1639 and 1648. A copy of the 1639 edi- tion, now in the Bodleian library, contains a short note in Douce's hand-writing: "There are 121 cuts in this copy, or eight more than in that of 1561, by the same printer.^s It has also the addition of a second book. Same designs, but different cuts, as in Plantin's edition." The Alciati emblems which have been printed in Spain, 1615-1784, are divisible into two classes: 1°, the class to which Diego Lopez added notes in Spanish, which were generally printed by Vilagrassa of Valencia down to 1684 ; and 20, the class in which are collected the Latin text and notes alone, and which were published in Madrid as late as 1784. Didacus, or Diego Lopez, was a schoolmaster at Toro, a town of Leon about 30 miles from Salamanca. He translated several Latin classics into Spanish.^^ The devices in the editions by Lopez are in part from wood and in part from copper. They are rudely designed and executed, and pre- sent no mark by which the artist can even be conjectured. 35 An inaccuracy ; it should be, by a printer of the same name and same family ; the interval was 78 years. ^ See Antonio's Biblioth. Hispana nova, vol. i. p. 294. 90 Life of Andrea Alciati. In a collation of the last edition, that of 1684, from Evora in Portugal, July 12th 1870, the sub-Hbrarian declares "that the plates are in general very imperfect." For" the imper- fect there is little necessity even to attempt to discover the artist-author. Respecting the devices in the Madrid editions of 161 5 and 1739, there are not sufficient data from which to form a conclusion. The director of the National library at Madrid, D. Cayetan Rosell, collated for me the edition of Madrid 1749, and observes, August 9th 1870: " Casi todos los em- blemas tienen una vifleta al fin de la ' Explicatio.* Las vinetas son de deferentes tamanes.37 No information however is conveyed as to the artist by whom they were executed. A copy of the Madrid edition 1781 is in the British Museum, but on close examination not one of the 211 devices reveals an artist's monogram. In the six editions of the Alciati emblems, some of them of great excellence, which were issued at Padua 1618-1661, it is disappointing to find no trace of monogram or artist's mark. The devices from edition 161 8 are repeated, with borders, in 162 1 ; and a fine memorial border, with Alciati's portrait, accompanies the title-page of both editions. The same woodcuts are repeated in 1626 and in 1661. This last edition has a splendidly designed and engraved title-page by Ruphenus ; it is in six principal compartments, with suitable emblematical figures. For the Paduan edition of 161 8 an Italian origin of the woodcuts may almost for a certainty be assigned ;38 "they are copies," as Weigel says, " of those in the Plantinian edi- tion of the Alciati emblems with the mark A." A collection of the " Carmina " of the illustrious poets of 37 i.e. Almost all the emblems have a vigiiette at the end of the Explication. The vignettes are of different sizes. 38 See Weigel's Caial., No. 2015 1. Madrid editions — Ruphenus — Commentaries. 9 1 Italy, Florence 17 19, contains the Alciati emblems; but signor Gaspare Gorresio of the university of Turin, in his collation of a copy, July 5th 1870, remarks: "The plates of the emblems are wanting." And now that photo-lithography has taken up the em- ployment of reproducing in fac-simile old things whether bad or good, we cannot look for a new and independent de- signing and engraving of devices for the Alciati emblems. Those who have examined the entire series from 15 31 to 1784 can have no doubt that designs and woodcuts much superior to any that have yet appeared could be produced ; I will not say easily produced ; for the workmanship of Jollat and the Little Bernard, of Del Vaga, of Voeiriot and of Vingles, of Jost Ammon, of Virgil Solis and of Van Leest, was that of masters who had skill and power, and with the appliances of modern days they would have made their productions far more effective. Bibliographical Study leads to some brief account of the Expositions and COMMENTARIES on the Alciati emblems. The early editions down to 1549 are without notes of any kind. In that year Barptolemy Aneau appended to many of the emblems in his French version short expositions, showing the moral or application to be made, and occasion- ally introducing some historical remark. When the emblems in two books were published by Tor- naesius and Gazeius of Lyons in 1556, Sebastian Stock- hamer, a German, added succincta commentariola," short little notes in Latin. The dedication was written in 1552; and mentioning the knowledge which the author had gained from various quarters, declares : " These emblems of Alciati, not less pleasant and sportive than learned and useful, do not need a foreigner's praise ; for every point bears proof, that the practical is blended with the sweet." The notes 92 Life of Andrea A Iciati. extend only to the first book ; they were repeated in 1614 by Tornsesius of Geneva, and for the second book "com- mentariola " were also compiled. For the Frankfort edition of 1567 were written EIII- MTOIA, or " afifabulationes," following each emblem, to show its meaning and to explain what was doubtful or obscure. These were continued in several other editions, as in those of Roville 1574 and 1580, and in the Frankfort edition by Basse in 1583. Spain now enters on the popular labour of elucidating the emblems of Alciati. A professor of rhetoric and of Greek in the university of Salamanca, Franciscus Sanctius,39 was the author of a very useful, and being brief, of the most useful commentary, published at Lyons by Roville in 1573. Without being amplified by an excess of learning, it sup- plies all the information that is needed for the understand- ing of the author. CI. Minois or Minos, or Claude Mignault,*^ of Dijon, the ancient capital of the dukes of Burgundy, is the most cele- brated of the commentators on Alciati's emblems. He was born in 1536 and died in 1606. Though untaught until his twelfth year, he made remarkable progress, and attained very high consideration as a man of learning, much of which 35 His Mmerva, seit de caiisis linguce latmce conujientarius,'''* published first at Salamanca, 8vo, 1587, has been reprinted no less than six times between 1734 and 1809. Douce, in the Bodleian collection of his emblem library, A 317, writes: "CI. Minois, the Editor, was in plain French Claude Mignault. Leode- garius Agothochromius, mentioned in Mignault's preface, was simple Leger Bontems, for whom Du Verdier has an article in his ' Bibliotheque,' ed. Lyons, folio, 1585, p. 787." Of Mignault's own work, the Annales Plajttiniennes, ed. 1865, p. 226, give the pithy character: "Les commentaires de CI. Mignault sont pleins d'erudi- tion, mais d'une prolixite fatigante." The article referred to by Douce concerning Leger Bontems merely says, — "religieux de S. Benigne a Dijon a ecrit," — naming the seven works he pub- lished between 1557 and 1568. A neau — Stockhamer — Sanctms — Mig^iault. g 3 he devoted to his favourite emblematist Like him he was a jurisconsult, and was " Avocat du roy " at Etampes in the department of the Seine, on his journeys to which from Paris, as we have stated, he rendered the Alciati Carmina into French verse. At first, in Dion a Prato's fourth edition of the emblems, Paris 1571, his notes assumed the form of an " enarratio " or exposition, being either the groundwork of his commentaries or extracted from them. It has been generally supposed that the commentaries in their full ex- tent were first given to the world by Plantin of Antwerp in 1583 ; but Douce affirms'*^ that this honour belongs to the Antwerp edition of 1574; but according to Mazzuchelli*^ an earlier date may be assigned, ''as appears," he says, "from his Letter dedicatory directed to Anna d'Escars, Abbot of S. Benigno in Dijon, dated from Paris the first of December 1571, which seems to have been omitted in the greater part of the later impressions." In 1573, for the first time at Antwerp, the commentaries and scholia of Minos were printed in Plantin's 24mo edition of 560 pages ; they were supplemented in the same volume by " Posteriores Notes,'' or as they were named in the Lyons edition of 1614, " Aevrepai cfypovTiBe^;," Second thoughts. In this edition is Plantin's letter of apology to his own CI. Minos " for the delay which had taken place in the printing ; it bears the date "postridie Idium Septem. M.D.LXXII.," and proves that Plantin had not before this imprinted Mig- nault's comments. The same comments and notes were repeated at Ant- werp in 1574, but in the Antwerp edition of 1577 the second thoughts were combined with the first, and in some cases both were amplified ; and the Syntagma, or Composition See A 348 in his emblem collection in the Bodleian library. ^ Gli Scrittori d' Italia;' vol. i. p. 366. It should be observed however, that it is not a printed edition, but the date of the dedication to which Mazzu- chelli testifies. 94 Life of Andrea Alciati. concerning Symbols, was prefixed. So the Plantinian press of Antwerp and Leyden pursued its labours until in 1608 there were added a portrait and life of Alciati.*^ These full notes, with some variations of little importance, adorn the Paris editions by Valletus and Richer between 1589 and 1608. Editions with shorter notes were issued by the Plantinian press from 1584 to 1648. Those shortened notes, along with the " notulis ex temporarijs " of Pignorius, constitute "the compendious explication by CI. Minos" in the i2mo Paduan edition M.DC.XIIX., i.e. 16 18. Marnef and Cavellat's Paris editions in Latin and French, 1573 3.nd 1574, contain short explanations in both languages. These point out the general meaning of the emblem, and sometimes add the particular application. The Latin notes are not Stockhamer's, neither are the verses Le Fevre's. The Paris edition of 1583, published by Marnef and by Ca- vellat's widow, adopted Mignault's commentary. The Spanish Declaracion Magistral in 161 5, or Magis- terial Exposition of the Emblems of Alciati, by Diego Lopez of Valencia, professes to give all the histories and antiquities, the morality and the doctrine relating to good manners which are set forth in the original work. It mani- fests much learning, and after each Latin stanza appends notes in Spanish, principally by Lopez himself, though some of them are derived from Mignault. The Madrid editions of the emblems 1739-1781 repeat Mignault's " easy and compendious explication," being short ^3 This 1577 edition adds moreover An Address to the studious and candid reader " by Claudius Minos ; an Interpretatio for the Greek epigrams, &c. , con- tained in the comments, and a Latidatio to the emblems of Alciati; being in fact an oration delivered at Paris in the royal school of the Burgundians, "9 Kalend. Maias 1576." Pignorius — L opez — Thuilms — More II. 9 5 Latin notes on the text. A life of Alciati is added. I have seen it asserted somewhere that these editions were used in Spain as school books. But the monster commentary, occupying a double- columned 4to of 1004 pages, was not hatched until 1621, and again with greater perfection of notes and indices in 1 66 1. It proceeded from the labours and the watchings of John Thuilius, professor of Latin in the university of the Brisgau, a territory between the Black Forest and the Rhine. By way of contrast to its own diffuseness, this com- mentary really needs but brief words of praise. Ques- tionless it is a learned work very zealously constructed. Out of the commentaries of Claude Minos and Francis Sanctius, and of the notes of Laurence Pignorius, the author or editor has digested his work " into a continuous series of one commentary." And it is what it claims to be, — "a work prepared and adorned with a copious variety of Sen- tences, Apophthegms, Adages, Fables, Mythologies, Hiero- glyphics, Coins, Pictures and Tongues ;" increased moreover by the " Corollaria et Monita " of Frederick Morell, regius professor. The work is deserving of the high commenda- tion bestowed upon it by Bayle : Cette edition est fort bonne." Catz delighted the patres-familias and children of Hol- land ; Quarles, through forty editions, by his quaint conceits and pious thoughts, many of the religious world of England ; to Alciati belonged at least an equal fame, to command the reverence and labours of the learned from Valencia to Augsburg, and from Padua near the Adriatic to Leyden at the mouth of the Rhine. Under the general heads of the influence of the Alciati emblems upon the similar literature of Europe, and of the 96 Life of Andrea Alciati. artistic sources from which their pictorial symbolism was derived, the conclusion of our Life of Andrea Alciati was occupied : under general heads also have been considered the woodcuts with which the editions are ornamented, — their designers and engravers, — and also the various notes and commentaries upon the text. To have passed these things over with a bare allusion, or materially to have contracted them, would have been to withhold information not else- where collected, and to have lessened the real value of the Alciati emblem-book catalogue. What has been done in- volved a considerable expenditure of research ; it could not have been described without a wide occupation of space. The specialities of the numerous editions we have endea- voured to avoid ; those will be found each under its own date and with its own collation. A BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CATALOGVE OF THE VARIOVS EDITIONS OF THE BOOKS OF EMBLEMS OF ANDREA ALCIATL Effigies Andreas Alciati, lloqub lus tomanum lucebat is ^''^i Turba obfcurarant barbara Legulei. Andre 0^—^=19.2 French centimetres, where the error is only three-tenths of one centimetre. II. For exactness, divide the Eng. inches by .3937 : 7 68 7.68 -f .3937, or ~ =19.507 French centimetres. Preliminary Notice. OI Should the collation have taken place in a foreign library the French centimetres will also be given. The necessity for this greater precision is evident from the facts, that the sheet of paper out of which Bank of England notes are made measures about 16.14 inches x 5.12; a sheet of Imperial, 30 X 22 ;3 of Colombier, 34 x 23 ; of DoiMe Elephatit, 40 X 16 ; and of the huge Lo?idon JVewspaper about 50 x 37 : yet these sheets of paper, of such widely varying magnitudes, folded o?ice, are all named folios ; twice, quartos; folded again, octavos; and so on. The sur- faces of the original sheets differ in the amount of square inches as the numbers 82, 660, 782, 1040 and 1850, and the folios, quartos and octavos formed from them as i, 8, 10, 13, 23; that is, an octavo from a sheet of Bank note paper is only one twenty-third part of an octavo from a sheet of London News. It seems almost absurd to speak of them by the same name ; yet when the measurements of length and width are affixed, there is sufficient definiteness for practical use. A better plan perhaps might be devised, in which the number of square inches in one flap of the cover might form the basis on which to construct a nomenclature for the size of books. The innovation however would be too great were it attempted to name a volume as a five^ a ten, or a twe?tty, according as the square inches, arising from the product of the length into the width, were nearest to 5, 10, or 20 square inches. Such an innovation however will not be adopted in these pages ; but the nature of the size of the volume will be indicated, as we have announced, by affixing the measurements; thus, 4to, 9.9 in. X 6.7 ; or 4to, 7.04 in. X 5.1 : the one quarto containing 66.33 square inches, the other 35.9, showing that the first quarto is nearly double the size of the second. Two other measurements are also occasionally given ; that of the fully printed page, and that of the device or woodciU : this is especially done with the first of a series of editions, as of Steyner, Wechel of Paris, Roville, De Tournes, Plantin, &c. IV. The Register will now follow, as deduced from the Signatures, and verified by the pagination, or numbering of the pages. 3 See Technological Did., English, Gennan and French, Wiesbaden 1870. I02 Preliminary Notice. V. The Contents of the edition will be briefly stated ; in a series of editions reference being made to the first, or to any other edition, by its number in the catalogue. VL A statement respecting the EMBLEMS, the DEVICES, and the Artists will often be made, or a reference to a similar edition in the catalogue. VII. Lastly : There will be added, when required, GE- NERAL Remarks or specialities in the edition, including notices by critics. I03 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CATALOGUE OF THE EDITIONS IN THE ORDER OF THE DATES. 1. Andreae Alciati emblematum liber ; Mediol. 1522, 8." die ''alteste."] Authority: Such is the meagre record of the title given by Bernd,"^ Erster Theil, p. 19 ; Brimet,^ without quoting any title, — which surely he would have done had he seen the book, — adds that it consists " de 43 pp. ;" and Panzer^ varies the title, and thus prints it, "Andreae Alciati Emblemata Mediolajii 1522. 8." As an historical fact it may be admitted that a collection of emblems was made at Milan in 1522 by Andrea Alciati, and communicated to his friends ; but until a printed copy of that collection be produced, the work must be regarded as having existed only in manuscript, and not as a printed volume. The subject however is sufficiently curious and interesting to the bibliographer and bibliophilist to justify a detailed statement : 1° Of the testimony on which the supposition rests, that Alciati both printed and published a book of emblems at Milan in 1522 ; 2° Of the reasons why the evidence so adduced may be regarded as inconclusive ; and * Schriftenhinde der gesamniten Wappenwisseiischaft,'''' Bonn 1830. ^ Brunet's Mamiel du Libraire, 1 860-1 865, vol. i. col. 147. ^ Panzer's Annates Typogt-aphicr, Nuremberg 1 793-1803, vol. vii. p. 402, I04 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. i. 3° Of the inquiries which have been carried on, without success, for discovering any where any copy of a Milan edition at the early date assigned. I. This collection of emblems has frequently been spoken of with great confidence as if it had both been printed and published at Milan in the year 1522. Referring to the early editions Brunet,^ vol. i. col. 147, declares : "This edition of 1534 is more complete than the first imprinted at Milan in 1522, in 8vo, of 43 pp., and which has become very rare, because the author of it, people say, has withdrawn the copies ; however it," i.e. the edition of 1534, "has ordinarily only a moderate price, the same as the re-impressions by Wechel in 1535, in 1540 and in 1544, in 8vo, with engravings on wood." Brunet's phrase runs almost parallel to that of Graesse,^ thus : " La premiere (Mediol. 1522, en 8, 43 pp.) est la plus rare, I'auteur en ayant, a ce que Ton dit, retire les exem- plaires." Did not Brunet and Graesse make use of a com- mon authority, and does either of them speak from personal knowledge } Bernd, treating of collections of emblems, quotes a title for the Milan volume, almost as if he had a copy of it before him ; yet adds : " Eine der altesten und bekanntesten Schriften dieser Art, welche haufig gedruckt und beniitzt worden, 7 No one acquainted with Brunet's trustworthiness will be forward to call his statements in question. As an excellent critic remarked to me on this very passage : "I am convinced the statement would not have been made if he had not seen the book with his own eyes, or received immediate evidence of its ex- istence." Yet it is strange that he does not give the title, but appears to rest on *^ dit-on,''^ or hearsay evidence, instead of adducing independent proof of his own. Besides, why did he not place it in its natural position at the head of his list of Alciati's emblem-books, instead of giving as he has done, with all parti- culars of title, place, printer and date, the Ji7'st position to Steyner's edition, Feb. 28th 1 53 1. ^ Graesse's Tresor de Livres rares et precieux, Dresden 1858-1861, 4to, vol. V. p. 62. No I. 1522.] A Iciatis Emblem-books. auch einiger wirkliche Wappen, sinnbildlich betrachtet und sinngedichtlich besungen, enthalt est." i.e. One of the oldest and best known writings of this kind which was frequently printed and made use of, and which also contains some real armorial bearings, allegorically regarded and epigramma- tically set forth. The ScJirift " or writing he speaks of, was it a printed book in 1522, or a manuscript afterwards ''frequently printed V Panzer, who supplies a title, and names the Milan em- blems " Editio prima rarissima," does not do it on his own knowledge, but quotes "Clem. i. p. 139; Freyt. Appar. iii. p. 466." Mazzuchelli's9 testimony, 1753, is doubtfully expressed; he says : It may be believed that the first edition was made" ("fatta," not " stampata," nor appressa," as it should be if printing was intended) "in 1522, or about that time, because in that year they were composed " (composti) " by him, as appears from one of his letters. He did not make " (egli non ne fece) " at first more than an hundred, and then went on adding to them at different times, until they reached the number of 212." Freytag's^^ authority belongs to the year 1755. In his third volume, p. 466, he says : " Alciati first had published his emblems at Milan in 1522, which edition however, contain- ing but one hundred emblems and otherwise very imperfect, the author himself, after a short interval of time, very care- fully sought out, and as far as possible withdrew from the public."^ ^ For his authorities Freytag refers to BibliotJicqiie franqaise de VAbbe Goiijct, tom. vii. p. 77," and " Dauid Cle- 9 Scrittori D' Italia,'' Brescia 1753, fol., vol. i. pt. i §. 27, p. 366. ^0 Adparatvs Litterarivs, Lipsice 1755, 3 vols. " Freytag's Latin text is, " Euulgauerat sua emblemata primum Alciatvs Mediolani 1522, quam tamen editionem, quum centum tantum modo continu- erat emblemata, & admodum esset imperfecta, ipse auctor, breue temporis in- teriecto spatio,studiose conquisiuit, & quoad fieri potuit, e medio remouit." io6 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. i. ment v. CI. Bibliotheque curieuse historique & critique de livres difficiles a trouver, torn. i. p. 1 39." Gottingen M.DCC.L., 4to. Thus Freytag appears to be the primary authority on which Brunet, Graesse, Bernd and Panzer rest ; and Freytag himself refers to Goujet and Clement. Of these two Clement is the next distant in point of time, A.D. 1750. His first volume, p. 139, very briefly records Alciati's emblems : " Ej. Emblemata, Mediolani 1522. Premiere Edition fort rare!' Certainly this has not the appearance of being copied from a title-page ; and the note which Clement adds renders it evident that he rehearses merely the testimony of another witness, thus : " It is the first edition, which contains only a hundred emblems. It was very imperfect. Alciati having perceived this compelled himself to withdraw all the copies of it which were already spread abroad, and it is this which causes it to be very rare. See la Bibliotheque Fran9oise de I'Abbe Goujet, vol. vii. p. 77. Since that very time Alciati has reviewed, corrected, polished and consi- derably enlarged this work, of which there have been made an infinity of editions. Mr. Bayie, who was ignorant of this circum- stance, had an edition which contained 212 emblems: it is the reason why he was surprised, that Faid Freher^'^ assured us in his Theat7'w?i Viroi^tim Eruditione Claroruni^ p. 827, that this book contained only 100 emblems. Freher spoke of the 'first rough draught ' (ebat(che), and he was not wrong. I have an edition cum Explicatione per Clattdium Miiioem, printed at Antwerp by Plantin in 1584, in i2mo, which has only 211. See Diet, de Bayle,^^ art. Alciat, note m." The abbe Goujet,^* in his seventh tome, p. 77, Paris 1744, in treating of the translations of modern Latin poets into French, says : " Andrew Alciat, a Milanese, is more known to us as an author than Jean Olivier. The lawyers have loaded him with praises, '2 Paul Freher's work was published at Nuremberg 1688, 2 torn, in i vol., folio. Bayle's Dictionnaire historique et critique was first published in 1695-1696. 1* S&e his Bibliotheque Franqoise in 18 volumes, l2mo, Paris 1740-1756. Jean Olivier was the author of Ftpigramme des enseignes des Veniciens en- voyes a Sainct Dejtis, 4to, of two leaves, Paris about 1509. It celebrates a battle gained by Louis XII. over the Venetians in 1509. No. I. 1522.] Alciatis Emblem-books. the poets and those who love morals have vaunted forth his em- blems, — the only one of his works which can give him any rank upon Parnassus. The author composed them " (les composa) " in 1522, at Milan, even where he was born the 8th of May 1492. He made " (il ne fit) " at first only an hundred emblems, but in succession he increased the number of them at different times " {reprises). " The first rough draught " (ebauche) " was very im- perfect, and people became aware of it as soon as it was published. Alciat himself perceived it ; he had some shame about it, and his first impulse was to attempt, what was impossible, to withdraw all the copies already spread abroad. Christian Wechel, an able printer of Paris, gave him wiser advice, and certainly more easy to follow ; it was to revise his work, to correct it and to polish it with care " (de le limer). " Alciat listened to this advice and yielded to it. A severe censor of himself, he passed the sponge over whatever appeared reprehensible, and added several emblems. It was in this state that he sent his work to Wechel, who charged himself with the ofifice of giving a new edition of it. The Epistle dedicatory of this learned printer, whence I have drawn the details which you have just read, is dated in the year 1534, and addressed to Philibert Baboo ^ bishop of Angouleme." It is remarkable that Goujet, the authority at which, through step by step, we have arrived, uses very doubtful terms ; not, " il imprima ses Emblemes a Milan," — nor, "il les publia a Milan en 1522 ;" but L'Auteur les composa en 1522 a Milan "at first he made" (fit) "only a hundred of them " he increased the number of them at different times" (reprises), which cannot be interpreted re-impressions or re- prints, for none are mentioned. " The first " (ebauche) drawing or " rough draught was very imperfect ;" and, by comparison of dates, Milan 1522, Paris 1534, twelve years after the supposed grievance of the Milan imperfect first edition, Wechel induced Alciati "to pass the sponge over all that was blame-worthy, and to add several emblems." What Christian WecheV^ in his dedicatory epistle of 1534 Wechel's words on p. 2, edition 1534, are: Testis et hie And. Alciati Embleuiatiim libdlus, qui superior ibtis annis idq; Autoris iniussii, ta77i neglecte, Mt ne quid grauiiis addam, aptid Germanos inmil^atus fiiit, ut illius ininuendce existifuationis ergo^ a inaleuolis quibtisdani id fttisse fadicin, plwiftii inter- preiat'entur.'''' io8 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. really blames, is not a Milan edition of 1522, but "what certain Germans had done in former years with such negli- gence, that many persons thought it was done by malevo- lent people." 1^ Wechel's new edition of 1534 was not to supplant a Milan edition of 1522, but the Augsburg edition of 1531. Goujet's testimony then is in reality by no means favour- able to the existence of a Milan printed edition of 100 emblems issued in 1522 ; he does not say that he had seen such a volume ; neither does Wechel, whose advice in 1534 Alciati had followed. II. The reasons why the evidence just adduced in favour of a Milan edition of 1522 should not be deemed conclusive, have already been entered upon in what has been said con- cerning Goujet, pp. 106 and 107. If any of the foregoing authors who speak of a Milan edition of 1522 had seen a copy, surely they would have recorded a printer's name, like the Augsburg edition of 15 31, and the Paris edition of 1534. Then it is a suspicious coin- cidence that the number of leaves (43) ascribed to the sup- posed Milan edition with only 100 emblems, should be exactly the same with the leaves of the Augsburg edition, though the latter contains 104 emblems, and besides, has Alciati's preface to Conrad Peutinger. The ebaiicJie or drawing of this Augsburg volume is indeed wretched, and might well have excited the author's vexation ; for it was done in a distant city where he could have no oversight of the workmanship. And it is not to be lightly admitted that either the drawing of the devices, or the printing of the text, executed in Milan under the author's own supervision, would have been so very defective as at once to excite his displeasure : neither is it to be supposed that in Milan, the city where Da Vinci practised both as a painter and an engraver, there could have been an artist so atrociously bad No. I. 1522.] A Iciatts Emblem-books. 109 and untrustworthy, that the patron, being no other than Alciati, who employed him, was at once obliged to disown the work, and to withdraw it from public knowledge. As negative evidence against the Milan edition we may bring forward the catalogue, BibliotJiem Acad. Theresiana^ Vindobonae 1802, in thirteen quarto volumes: it does not name any edition of the Alciati emblems under the year 1522.17 Delandine too observes, when speaking of Alciati's em- blems Peutinger publia la premiere (edition) a Augs- bourg en 15 31 en 8." The testimony of Niceron is very positive that the em- blems were composed at Milan in 1522, but printed at Augsburg 15 3 1. Hesays:'^ " Alciat composa ces Emblemes \ Milan en 1522. II n'en fit d'abord qu'une centaine, mais il les augmenta dans la suite a dif- ferentes reprises.-^ M. I'Abbe le Clerc dans ses Additions au Dictionnaire de Bayle veut que le premiere edition ait ete faite a Milan en 1522. Conrad Feutinger, a qui Alciat les de'dia les fit imprimer a Augsbourg en 153 1, en 8. II s'en est fait depuis un grand nombre d'editions." Edition, in the sense of imprint, is here applied to Peu- tinger's volume; and "the great number of editions which were since made," supposes that Augsburg was the first that was printed. III. For discovering any copy any where of a Milan edi- tion of Alciati's emblems at the early date assigned, namely 1522, very searching and special inquiries were made in '7 See Bid. Acad. Theres., vol. ii. pp. 1 27- 1 30. See Bibliothetpie de Lyon, 181 8-1 824, vol. ii. p. 180. ^9 Niceron's Memoires pour servir a PHistoire des Homines Ilhcstres, Paris edi- tion 1735, vol. xxxii. p. 325. A passage in vol. xiii. p. 340 (Paris edition 1730) will afterwards be quoted speaking with much greater decision. 20 Remark how closely in 1744 the abbe Goujet follows the words of Niceron. The abbe says, ** II ne fit d'abord qu'une centaine d'Emblemes, mais dans la suite il en augmenta le nombre a differentes reprises." I lO Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. I. the spring and summer of 1869, when a circular was widely distributed by post to the chief libraries of the Continent of Europe and in Great Britain : the circular was entitled : ''^ Enquete pour decouvrir la premiere Edition des Emblemes d' Andre Alciat, illustre Jurisconsulte ItaHen, Milan, a.d. 1522." This appeal received numerous replies, but in no instance was successful. An amateur of Alciati's emblems to whom they had long been a study, the rev. G. S. Cautley, wrote to me March 27th 1869 : " Alas ! I can give you no help in the matter of the Milan Alciati. I have the edition of 1531, and from ignorance have ventured to imagine that there might be none earlier, and I had fancied from Wechel's preface to edition of 1535 that the Augsburg one was printed from a MS. surreptitiously. You will confer a great boon on us all, should your Oecumenical letter summon from its hiding place the missing volume." Personally I examined the large collections of emblem- books at Keir, at Thingwall near Liverpool, and at Mr. Corser's near Manchester ; in the Bodleian library, Oxford, and in the British Museum : also at Heidelburg, the Hague, and other large libraries in Holland, at Brussels, Louvain and Antwerp. Among others I received returns or answers to the circular from Berlin, from Venice, from Munich, from Oporto and from the due d'Aumale. The catalogues of foreign libraries in the British Museum were consulted ; but no where was the lost Pleiad to be discovered. The cir- cular or " Enquete " was answered with so much courtesy that I felt justified in concluding that when a return was not made, it was withheld from the fact that the library in question did not possess the much sought-for rarity. At the end of October 1869, by advertisement in the Mgemeine S^^^i^^S of Leipzig, a douceur of 50 francs was offered for satisfactory information respecting a copy of the Milan collection of 1522, Within a few days the advertisement was answered from two quarters. The first No. I. 1522.] Alciatis Emblem-books. 1 1 1 respondent gave a clear description of his copy, but it was without a title-page ; there were borders to all the pages, and on some of the borders the engraver's initials, P. V. These facts enabled me at once to identify the supposed Milan edition of 1522 with one of the Lyons editions by Roville or Bonhomme, issued between the years 1548 and 1566. The second respondent was a bookseller of Berlin, Mr. Calvary, who affirmed there was a Milan 1522 copy of the emblems in the Royal library of that city. Such informa- tion demanded personal inspection, and there was a little delay in making it ; but an English gentleman, Mr. J. E. Westwood, a friend of the rev. G. S. Cautley who had taken a lively interest in the inquiry, was visiting Berlin, and through him an exact search was instituted. His report is given very characteristically in the following letter : "Berlin, February 28, 1870. My dear Mr. Cautley, However grieved I may be at having to convey evil tidings, I am forced to tell you that there is no 1522 in the library. It was a mistake of Calvary's. The earliest edition which they have^^ is that of 1535 (which is naturally at the head of the list), where are written the words 'die erste Ausgabe Mediol. 1522.' Calvary seeing this, took it for the title of a book in the library. The book itself he did not ask to see. The words are merely a bibliographical notice. But Calvary was so positive that, though I had already looked through the catalogue in company of one of the librarians, I went back on Saturday and spoke to Dr. Schrader, who seems to have charge of that department. He good naturedly brought out the catalogue again, and we found just what I had already seen. He was very well aware that the edition was not in the library, and showed me the catalogue of desiderata^ MS., his own hand-writing, where it figures plainly enough. I did myself the pleasure of going back to Calvary's with the information." ^' This account agrees exactly with a return to my circular from the Royal library of Berlin in 1869, and also with a copy which I possess made in 1870 of a catalogue in MS. of all the books of emblems in that institution. The entry is made thus : ** Andr. Alciati Emblemattim libellus, Paris 1535, 8vo, (die erste Ausgabe erschien 1522.)" Mr. Westwood's letter however reports Mediol. instead of erschien. I 12 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. I. A letter from Mr. Cautley to myself dated two days earlier, February 26th 1870, gives his view of the question at that time : "The edition previous to 1531 must, one would think, have been printed for private circulation only, and so probably only a very few copies; for Wechel states that Alciati did not wish his tyrocinia to get abroad, and only let Wechel republish them with additions, because 'opus semel aliorum temeritate excusum sup- primere vix erat integrum so that should you have the good fortune to light upon this literary unicorn, it will be a treasure trove indeed." The Berlin vision was a pure illusion, and a printed copy of the Milan collection of emblems was yet to be sought for. The inquiry started in the Leipzic Literary Times was repeated, lOth April 1870, in the Intermediaire, one of the Paris journals, but utterly without result ; not even a single answer was sent to the advertisement. The phoenix-hunt was resumed in the spring of the year 1870, but under another form. I prepared a list of 151 editions of the Alciati emblems, which I had seen, or of which (with the exception of the Milan edition) I had ob- tained certain information. The Milan collection however was placed at the head of the list, which was very exten- sively circulated by post among at least 268 public libraries of Europe, and to many in the United States of America. The circular, dated 22nd April 1870, was entitled : Enqiiete pour decouvrir les Editions des Emblemes d' Andre Alciat, illustre Jurisconsulte Italien." -2 The passage in full is on p. 3 of Wechel's Andrece Alciati Etnblemahun Libelhis 1534, thus: Qtia?iq ante Alciatiis iniiitus fecit, zit stiidioru stiorii tyrocinia in nianus hominu emiiteret, qtionid tamen opus se??iel alioru temeritate excusum supprimere uix erat integru, facile ab eo impetraui, ui ad lima reuocaret, fcetu ilhim immattiru??t informemq;, ursi instar, lanibendo cojiformarety The expressions, "the tyrocinia or first attempts of his youthful studies," "the immature and misshapen offspring, which, like a bear, he reduced into shape by licking," may have applied and probably did apply, — not to the Milan col- lection, but to the emblems which, as stated before, "certain Germans had published." No. I. 1522.] Alciatts Emblem-books. The circular requested that each librarian should cause a mark to be placed in the list, opposite the title of each edition that was in his library ; and also that the titles of editions in his charge and not in my hst, should be sent to me. The request was listened to in a most gratifying man- ner ; many answers were made, and the list of the Alciati emblem editions increased from 150 to 180. But among the numerous replies to the second circular not one lays any claim to the possession of the Milan collection of 1522. Even, then, if that collection should hereafter be proved to have issued from the press at that early date, its extreme rarity is beyond doubt. During the coming in of the answers to the second circu- lar, it was stated with the utmost confidence by a literary gentleman in London, whose opportunities of gaining intel- ligence on such a subject are considered to be very great, that two copies at least of the edition so much sought for existed ; one in the library of Augsburg, where, ac- cording to my opinion, the editio princeps was printed in 153 1 ; and the other in the Mazarine library, a portion of the Imperial library of France. Through Messrs. Triibner and Co. of London, inquiry was immediately and directly made from the librarians of those institutions, and deci- sive answers were promptly given that neither of them possessed a copy of the Milan edition of 1522. The ear- liest edition of the Alciati emblems in the Augsburg library bore the date of 1531 ; the earliest in the Maza- rine, 1540. The inquiry has sufficient interest, if not importance, to justify the insertion of the two letters. M. COCHERIS, of the Biblioth^qiie Mazariney writes thus : "Palais de I'lnstitut, ce Mai 1870. Mon cher Monsieur Triibner, Je n'ai pas re9u la circulaire du rev. M. Green, sur les Em- blemes d'Alciat, et la Bibliotheque ne possede pas Tedition de 1522. I 114 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. i J'ai envoye a Kensington la description de toutes nos editions des emblemes pour le catalogue des livres en les beaux arts. Voici les editions qui nous possedons. Si le rev. M. Green desire des details, vous voudrez iDien indiquer les dates des editions dont il voudra la description. 1540 en i2°No. 2263oA(Fr.) 1584 en i2°No. 2263oC(Fr.) i55ien8° No. 22629 (Lat.) 1589 en 8° No. 22630 (Lat.) 1561 en i6°No. 2263oB(Fr.) 1602 en 8° No. 22631. 157 1 en 4° No. 1 1 202 (Lat.) 162 1 en 4° No. 11203. 1583 en 8° No. 4108 n. f. lett. (Lat.) Voici tout ce que j'ai trouve. Je suis a votre disposition pour vous donner tous les renseignements desirables. Agreez, mon cher Monsieur Triibner, I'assurance de mes meil- leurs regards. H. Cocheris." The letter from Herr Greiff, of the Augsburg library is equally explicit : "Augsburg, 12 Juni, 1870. Herrn Triibner & Co. in London. Auf Ihre Zuschrift vom 25 V. M. beschrie ich mich, Ihnen zu erwiedern, dass sich die von H. Green gesuchte Editio princeps von Alciati Emblemata 1522 auf hiesiger Bibliothek nicht befindet. Es wiirde im Interesse unserer Bibliothek gelegen gewesen sein, Ihnen vom dem Besitze dieses Schatzes Kefitniss zu geben. Ihre wiederholte Anfrage hat mich veranlasst samtl. Cataloge unserer namhaften Bibliothek griindlichst zu revidiren. Ein viele Stunden hiefiir nothiger Zeit aufwand blieb leider vergeblich. Mit Hochachtung Greiff, Bibliothekar."23 With the consciousness of much perseverance and perti- nacity, we close, for the present at least, our inquisition after a copy of the supposed Milan edition of the Alciati emblems in 1522. From the narrative of our efforts it will scarcely be deemed unreasonable if we say, — success has "As to your letter of the 25th May, I regret to reply to you that the ediiio princeps of Alciati's emblems of 1522, sought for by rev. H. Green, is not found in the library of this place. It would have added to the interest of our hbrary to give you information of the possession of this treasure. "Your repeated inquiry has induced me thoroughly to review the collected catalogues of our well-known library. Many an hour of needed time bestowed upon this remained, alas! fruitless. With high esteem." No. I. 1522.] Alciatis E^ndlem-dooks. 115 not been attained, probably because success was impossible. The Milan collection of 1522 does not exist as a printed book ; and those who have maintained that it did, have doubtless misinterpreted the authorities on which they relied, namely, Freytag in 1755, Mazzuchelli in 1753, Clement in 1750, and Goujet in 1740- 1745. We rely on authority quite equal to theirs for diligence in research, and for accuracy of statement ; it is on the celebrated Memoirs^* by John Peter Niceron, from which a quotation has already been made ; he says with great deci- sion : It was Peutinger who for the first time published the Alciati emblems, which this learned man had addressed to him for that purpose ; and this edition was made at Augs- bourg in 1531 in 8vo. Alciati, in the dedication which he made to him, gives him the rank of poet '^^ there is not however any poetry of his fashion which shows that he merited it." A Milan collection of the Alciati emblems of 1522 is a fact in history ; but until an authentic, or rather, genuine printed copy of that date be produced, a Milan edition 1522 is at best one of the myths of literature. While residing in Milan between the years 152 1 and 1529, in which year he took up his abode in Bourges, whatever Alciati may have done in the composition of his emblems, he did not cause them to be printed or published for general circulation. The circumstances of the case lead to this conviction, unless the only satisfactory evidence be offered, — the printed edi- tion itself, Mediolani 1522. ^ Mejnoires dts Homines illiistres dans la repiibliqtie des letires, in 43 vols., i2mo, 1 727-1 745. The exact words in vol. xiii, p. 340, are these, the date being 1730: " Ce fut Peutinger qui publia pour la premiere fois les Emblemes ^Alciat; que ce S9avant lui avoit adressees pour cela ; & cette edition se fit k Augsbourg en 1531, en 8. Alciat, dans la dedicace qu'il lui en fit, lui donne la qualite de Poete ; on n'a cependant aucune Poesie de sa fa9on, qui puisse faire connaitre s'il la meritoit." -* In the words, Ipse da bo uati chartacea inunera uatesP 1 1 6 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 2. 2. VIRI CLA I RissiMiD. An- | dree Alciati luris- confultifs. I Mediol. ad de Chonra- | dum Peutingeru Augu- [ ftanum, lurifconful- | turn Emblema- | turn liber. | m.d.xxxi. The title is within a richly ornamented border chiefly of birds. Colophon: " EXCVSVM AVGVSTAE VIN | delicormn,per Heyii- ricum Steyne- \ rum die 28. Februarijy \ Anno M.D. | XXXL" Collation copy : Mr. Corser's, obtained at sir Francis Freeling's sale, to whom it was given by Dr. Dibdin. Ol/ter copies: Augs- burg, Bale, Copenhagen R., Edinburgh C?), Munich Pub., Munich U., G. S. Cautley, and J. Crossley. Named by Brunet, Niceron, Goujet and D eland ine. 8vo Vol., 5.63 Eng. inches -^.2, ; full page of letterpress, 4.52 to 4.72 X 2.48 ; woodcuts about 1.4 X 2.36 ; or 2.36 X 2.28. Register: A-E in 8s, F in 4 = 44 leaves, or 88 pages unnum- bered ; last leaf blank. Cojitents : A, title with border; Kv " Candido Lectori S. P.;" A 2 " Clarissimi Viri D. Andreae Alciati in libellum Emblematum praefatio ad D. Chonradum Peutingerum Augustanum," in 10 elegiac lines of Latin verse; A 2-F 3 Emblematum liber; F 3 "Errata" and "Colophon." The emblems are 104, with as many mottoes and sets of verses. As shown at p. 12 of Alciati's Life^ with the exception of the em- blems usually numbered x, xlii, cviii and clxi, there is reason for supposing this Augsburg set of emblems to be identical with those of Milan 1522. They are all contained in Wechel's editions 1534-1544. There are 97 devices or woodcuts, of a simple kind, very little filled up ; to 27 of these there are side-borders. The same blocks will be found to be used in the other editions by Steyner. On E 3 z^, to the motto Captivvs ob Gvlam, the mouse is repre- sented as caught by a trap, and not by an oyster, as in all editions except those of Steyner. The Latin text requires an oyster for the trap, " Ostrea miis summis uidit hiidca labris.'"' Probably at Augs- burg nothing was known of oysters catching mice. Most of the arguments have already been stated in consi- dering the Milan collection of emblems 1522, pp. 106-115, which show that collection not to have been a book then [No. 2. 1 53 1. Alciatis Emblem-books. 117 printed ; and by inference this volume by Steyner of Augs- burg was the real First Edition. A very brief recapitu- lation will now be sufficient. Niceron affirms very positively : "It was Peutinger who for the first time published the Alciati emblems." Goujet's language has its most natural interpretation on the same idea; and Delandine declares: "Peutinger published the first edition at Augsburg in 153 1." From Wechel's statements in the preface to the more correct, far better illustrated and enlarged Paris edition of Alciati's emblems issued in 1534, it is evident that the em- blem-work which Alciati wished to destroy, but could not, had been printed by Germans ; and that it was to the Augsburg editions of 153 1, 1532 and 1533, that Wechel really referred. An Augsburg edition, therefore, that of February 28th 1531, was the first published to the world. It is remarkable that Wechel does not once mention, or even allude to, a Milan edition. This he would have done had it been the object of his severe criticism. The work he speaks of was " rashly struck off by others ; " this might have taken place in Augsburg, a distant city, but was not possible in Milan, where Alciati himself was living at the time, in 1522, and for some years afterward. Had such an edition been attempted he must have become cognisant of it, and could easily have prevented it. In reply to a question lately addressed to signor P. Antonio Ceriani, the Ambrosian librarian of Milan, he wrote, April 19th 1870, to Dr. Crestadoro, of Manchester : " I have no knowledge of any Milanese edition of Alciati's works containing the emblems. Very probably Renwi PatricE is the only work published by Alciati at Milan. Whether the emblems have been published separately in Milan, your friend knows better than I do." Mr. Corser's note in the sale-list of his library, March 1869, p. 31, clearly states his opinion : "Brunet has mentioned an edition printed at Milan in 1522, 1 1 8 Bibliographical Catalogue . [No. 2. but no copy of it has been seen or is known to exist, although inquiries have been made both at home and abroad, and the date is supposed to have been a mistake. Until, therefore, its existence is proved, the present one, of 1531, may be considered the first.'" '*So," as we have said elsewhere,^^ "we maintain that the first collection of the emblems took place at Milan about 1522, but the first printing was at Augsburg in February 1531 ; and to this Augsburg edition, in all probability, pertains the right to be named the Editio PRINCEPS of these emblems." The woodcuts are attributed to Henry Steyner and Hans Schaufelein,27 but the proof of this is found in the next Augsburg edition. Steyner appears to have been only the printer ; Schaufelein, born at Nuremburg in 1483, and dying at Nordlingen in 1539, was a scholar of Albert Durer, and obtained celebrity both as a painter and an engraver. The workmanship of these emblem-woodcuts is much in- ferior to what he was known to have produced.^s Conrad Peutinger, to whom Alciati himself expressly dedicated his emblems (see Alciati's Life, pp. 13, 14), is worthy of notice, not simply as his trusted friend, but as a scholar and a statesman of highest esteem. He was born at Augsburg in 1465, and died in 1547, only three years before Alciati. Previous to the emblematises birth he was • studying law in Padua, and in other Italian centres of learning. On his return home he was appointed secretary to his native city, and afterwards was employed in several European courts as an able negociator. In 15 19 he was sent to Bruges to felicitate Charles V. on being elected to 26 In the'Holbein society's volume p. 13, of The four fountains of the Embletns of Alciat, Manchester 1870. 27 See Universal Catalogue of Books oft Art, 1870, vol. i. p. 7. ; also the Life of Alciati, p. 68. 28 See Kugler's Geschichte der Malerei 1847, vol. ii. p. 239 ; also Nagler's Allgemeines Kunstler- Lexicon, and Bryan's Dictionary of Painters, 8cc., 1849, P- 705- No. 3. 1531.] Alciati s Emblem-books. 119 the imperial dignity; and in 152 1 he took part in the diet of Worms, when Luther was declared to be an enemy of the holy Roman empire. His literary labours were highly regarded. His RomancB vctustatis fragnienta, printed at Augsburg in 1505, was reprinted at Mayence in 1520, and afterwards as Inscrip- tiones antiqiice of his native city. It was through him that an edition of Horapollo's HieroglypJiica was published by Froben in 15 18. There had come to him as a legacy a most rare map, Tabula Itineraria of the Roman empire, of about the reign of Alexander Severus, A.D. 226, and this map he began to prepare for publication but was not able to finish it. After .the lapse of two centuries, however, the Peutingeriana Tabula Itineraria was edited by De Schayb of Vienna 1753, and again by Manert of Leipzig 1824. This brief notice will show how much of congeniality, in spite of difference of age, must have existed between Peutinger and Alciati. 3. VIRI CLA I RissiMi D. An- | dree Alciati luris- confultifs. I Mediola. ad D. Chonra- | dum Peu- tingeru Augu- | ftanum, lurifconful- I turn Em- blema- | turn liber. | m.d.xxxi. The title is within the same border as in the edition February 28th 1531- Colophon: "EXCVSVM AVGVSTAE VIN I delicorum, per Heyn- ricum Steyne- \ rum die 6. Aprilis, \ Anno M.D. | XXXI." Below this colophon is a finely executed device of a woman standing on what may be named a sea-elephant and holding erect a mast and sail with the right hand, in the left she holds a shield with a monogram upon it. Collatio7i copy : From sir William Stirling-Maxwcirs library at Keir. Other copies: Bodleian, British Museum, Copenhagen R., Munich Pub., Soleure, Vienna Caes. and I. Named in Bernd's list. I20 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 4. 8vo Vol., 5.74 in. X3.74; full pages a?id devices of the same measurement with the edition February 28th 153 1. Register: A-E in 8s, F in 3 = 43 leaves or 86 pages, unnum- bered. Contents : The same as in edition February 28th 1531, except that the " Errata " have been corrected, and on leaf F 3 v, in their place is printed the engraver's device as described above. The emblems and devices are the same, 104 and 97, but it is remarkable that the woodcut on leaf A 5 to the motto " Non vvl- GANDA CONSILIA " has in the Centaur's banner the letters arranged PSQR instead of SPQR. Though printed in the same year, 15 31, with the edition dated 28th February, this 6th April edition is certainly a second edition, not simply a portion of the first with a new colophon. The ornamental capital H on A 2/ is not the same, the errata have been corrected, the modes of printing several of the mottoes differ, and out of twenty-eight de- vices with borders only four in this edition have exactly the same borders with those of the edition February 28th. On the shield of the figure in the colophon there is an important monogram It identifies this design at least as the work of Hans Schaufelein the younger, and renders the conjecture very strong that it was his workmanship which was engaged on the various devices and borders of the Augsburg editions, poor though they be. The edition of April 6th is not named by Brunet ; and J. G. Th. Graesse does not specify any distinction of editions in 1 53 1 ; but Bernd's list'^^ of the Latin editions of Alciati notices this edition, "April 6, 15 31." Some copies are met with that have been coloured at an early date. 4. [*'Alciat. Steyner . . . Aug. Vind. 12°, 1532."] Authority : Allgeineine Schriftenkunde der gesammten Wappen- wissenschaft, &c., von Christian Sam. Theodr. Bernd. Ester theil, p. 79. Bonn 1830. ^ See his Allgemeine Schrifteriy &c. Bonn 1830. No. 6. 1533.] A Iciati s Emblem-books. 121 5. ['^^LCiAT. Steyner , . . Aug. Vind. 8°, 1533."] Authority : Same as No. 4. 6. VIRI CLA I RISSIMI D. AN- I DREAE ALCIATI IVRTS- I cofiiltifs. Mediol. ad D. Ckonradu Peu- I tingerum Augttftamim hirifconful- \ tu77t, Em- blematum liber, iam \ denuo emendattts & \ recognihis. \ m.d.xxxiiii. The same border is around the title-page as in editions February 28th and April 6th 1531. Colophon : " EXCVSAM AVGVSTAE VIN | delicorum per Hen- rimm Steyner. \ Die 29, Julii, An- \ no M.D, | XXXIIII." Collation copy: From the Keir library in Scotland. Other copies : Berne, Bodleian, Konigsberg, Munich Pub., and H. Huth. Named in Bernd's list. 8vo Vol., 5.8 x 23.93. ^^^^^ pages and devices as in Nos. 2 and 3. Register : A-E in 8s, F in 4 = 44 leaves or 88 pages, unnum- bered ; last leaf blank. Contents: The same text with the edition of April 6th 1531, No. 3, but the device to the colophon on F 3 is omitted. The emblems, 104 in number, have the same mottoes, devices and Latin stanzas with the other Augsburg editions, but the mot- toes are not printed in the same way, neither are the borders un- changed. The devices, with some differences in the arrangement of the borders, are from the same blocks as the editions of 1531 and 1532. The device to the emblem on E 3 v has the mouse caught in a trap ; and on A 5 the monogram has the letters restored to the right order S P Q R. Brunet does not mention this edition, but it is in Bernd's list ; and Graesse, vol. i. p. 62, records it : "Av. grav. en bois de H. Steyner et H Schaufelein." The title professes that this edition has been " corrected anew and revised." Was the inducement that Wechel of Paris, with Alciati's express approval, was issuing, or had issued, a better edition of the emblems } The Augsburg 12 2 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 7. series of emblem-books ends with this edition of 1534. Peutinger doubtless would lend no further countenance to an edition that was under Alciati's ban. 7. ANDREAE | Alciati emblema- | tvm libellvs. I (Printer s device, Qite robin drivi^tg another from a tree ; the motto, " vnicvm arbvstv non ALiT Dvos erythacos.") Parisiis, | Excudebat Chrijiiantis Wechelus^ \ fub fctito Bajileienji^ in uico I lacobcEO. Anno \ m.d.xxxiiii. Colophon: On p. 119 v, the same device and motto as on the title-page. Collated copy: From the library of Henry Yates Thompson^ esq., Thingwall, near Liverpool. Other copies: Bale, Bodleian, British Museum, Douai, Hague R., and in May 1870, Stras- bourg. A copy on vellum in the King's Ubrary, Paris, in 1822; see vol. iv. p. 320, No. 483. Named by Brunet and Bernd. Svo Vol., 6.57 in, x 4.3 ; full pages, about 4.52 x 2.67 ; devices, 1.77 to 2.59 X 2.48. Register: A-G in 8s, H in 4 = 60 leaves or 120 pages; num- bered i-iij9, the last page being blank. Co7itents : p. i., title; pp. 2 and 3, "Reuerendo in Christo Patri D. Philiberto Baboo Angolismen, Antisti, Domino suo et patrono omnibus modis obseruando, Christianus Wechelus. S. D." " Lutetiae in officina nostra typographica, Anno m.d.xxxiiii." p. 4, ten lines of Latin elegiac verse, " Clarissimi Viri D. An- dreae Alciati in libellum emblematum Prsefatio ad Chonradum Peutingerum Augustanum ;" pp. 5-119, "Andreae Alciati Em- blematum Libellus." The emblems, numbering 113, have each a title, a device, and a set of Latin stanzas of from 4 to 34 lines. The devices, including ' the title and colophon, are 115 ; they are neat and curious, and certainly superior to those in Steyner's editions. At p. 91 it may be observed that the mouse is represented, according to the -text, as caught by an oyster and not by a trap. The stork too, at p. 9, contrary to the later editions, carries the parent stork on its back, in agreement with the lines : '"''Nee pia spent soholes fallit, sed fessa parejitiim Corpora fert humeris, prcestat et ore cibosP No. 7. 1534.] Alciatis Emblem-books. 123 The same blocks were used for the editions of 1535, 1536, 1538, 1539, 1540, 1542 and 1544. Jollat is said to have designed and executed them, see Alciati's Life, p. 65. Wechel, in the dedication to Philibert Baboo, boasts rather that Alciati had added emblems " not a few," — but the increase is only nine over Steyner's editions.^^ Graesse's Tresor says : " This work in its time very much in vogue, and very often re- printed, has no more at this day any value : it is only the engra- vings on wood which cause the different editions to be sought for." We have already mentioned, in Alciati's Life, p. 14, and Catalogue, p. 107, the reasons by which Wechel in- duced Alciati to review his emblems and put forth an im- proved edition ; but of Wechel himself we have said but little. He began to practise the art of printing about 1520, and until his death in 1554 brought out many works in French, Latin and Greek, some in Hebrew, and a few in German.3i Erasmus esteemed him, and by Gesner he was accounted worthy of being numbered among the 'most re- nowned typographers of his age. There is a foolish tale respecting him, that he was reduced to poverty as a punish- ment for publishing a book against the church ; but his name on various works, as on the Greek Tablet of Cebes, A.D. 1552, testifies that he was carrying on his business close up to the time of his death. Philibert Baboo, to whom Wechel's series of editions of the Alciati emblems is dedicated, was bishop of Angouleme, and famed for his patronage of literature. " Antistum de- cus," Glory of the episcopate, he is termed, and is assured So acknowledged by Brunet, vol. i. col. 147. '^^ V>\}o(\!\vl% Decameron, vol. ii. pp. 66-68, says: '* Few printers were more cele- brated throughout Europe than the Wechels, whose flying horse, or Pegasus, first commenced his career at Paris about the year 1534, and afterwards became more distinguished at Frankfort and Hanover." In a long note Dibdin relates many things respecting the family of the Wechels. 1 24 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 8. that nothing could issue from Alciati's study which by him- self would not be stored up among his precious things, and as in some more sacred treasury .22 The superiority of Wechel's editions must be confessed ; those of 1534 and 1535 are excellent specimens of the typography of the day ; and the devices compare with advantage not only with those of Steyner in 1531, but with those in the Aldine edition of 1546. The devices, as we have stated at p. 65, have been attri- buted by Francis Douce^^ to the French artist Jollat, who executed some good work in 1532. Douce affirms that Jollat's mark is on some of the devices of Wechel's edition 1536. The reference given is to Sig. L4^ of Douce's copy, or to Y v, p. 82, of the Paris edition 1534. On following up this reference, and indeed pursuing the search through all the emblem-editions issued by Wechel, I find no trace of Jollat's mark or monogram. From the kind of work on which Jollat was employed at the time there is however no improbability whatever in assigning to him the drawing and the engraving of the devices in Wechel's series of the Alciati emblems. The device on the title-page, and the motto, one tree does not maintain two robins, might be interpreted to intimate a determined opposition between the two printers, Wechel of Paris and Steyner of Augsburg ; if it were so the ob- noxious device was not of long continuance, but in the fol- lowing year was supplanted by the Pegasus, the Cornucopise and the Mercury's wand. 8. ANDREAE | Alciati emblema- | tvm libel- Lvs [ (Wechel's device, The flying horse, the 32 See Wechel's Dedication to Philibert Baboo. ^ See a manuscript note in Douce's copy of Wechel's 1536 edition in the Bodleian library, A 132. No. 9. 1536.] Alciatis Emblem-books. 125 cor^iticopicB and Mercury s wand.) Parisiis, | Ex officina Chrijliani Wecheli, \ fub fcuto Baji- iienji^ in uico \ lacobceo. Anno \ m.d.xxxv. Colophon: On p. 119^^ the same device repeated. Collation copy : From the Keir hbrary. Other copies : Berlin I., Bodleian, Dresden R., L'Escurial, Munich Pub., Munich U., and Cmitley. iV^;;z^^by Brunet, Bernd and Watt. 8vo Vol., 6.29 i7i. x 4.33 ; full pages and devices as in edition No. 7,1534. Register: A-G in 8s, H in 4 = 60 leaves or 120 pages; num- bered 1-119, and 1 197/ the colophon; total 120. Contents: Excepting in the printer's device and an ornamental E, Wechel's 1534 and 1535 editions, Nos. 7 and 8, are exactly alike. The emblems number 113, and the devices 115 including title- page and colophon. The woodcuts are from the blocks of 1534. N.B. On a fly leaf of the collation copy is inserted a miniature portrait of Alciati. This Paris edition of 1535 is the first mentioned in Watt's Biblioth. Brit.; and the Retrospective Review, vol. ix., 1824, p. 125, ignoring an earlier edition, says : " Alciati at his leisure hours composed his book of Emblems, the first edition of which was published in 1535, and to him many subsequent writers of Emblems have been indebted, par- ticularly Wither, who has adopted a great many of his designs." 9. ANDRE A E [ Alciati emblema- [ tvm libel- Lvs I (Wechel's device, The flying horse, 8ic.) Parisiis, | Ex o^cina Chrijliajii Wecheli \ fub fcuto Bafilienfi. \ m.d.xxxvi. Colophon : The same device as on the title-page. Collation copy: From the library of the rev. Thomas Corser, rectory. Stand, near Manchester. Other copies : None known. 8vo Vol., 6.29 x 4.33 ; ///// pages and devices, as in Paris edition No. 7 and 8. Register: A-G in 8s, H in 4 = 60 leaves or 120 pages; un- numbered both in leaves and pages. 126 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. lo. Contents: Excepting in not having the pages numbered this Latin edition 1536 is identical with the Latin edition 1535, No. 8. The emblenis are 113; the devices are fresh but rather rough in the execution. Mr. Corser had another volume of the Alciati emblems with the same title-page, and the register and contents the same as the above, but the pages w^ere regularly numbered 1-119. Should it be regarded as a separate edition, making tv^^o editions of the Latin text for the year 1536, as there were undoubtedly two for the year 15 31 } This volume however has not been counted as a distinct edition. 10. LIVRET 1 lie0 (Cmbleme^/lie mafetre ts\z I ^lciat/mi0 txi nme fcancopfe/ | et p^eCeme a motireigneuc | ilaDmiral tie | jfcance* | (Wechels device, Pegasus, &c.) C^ri le0 lieitD a ^9an0/en la vmim De | Cfjiedien ^ecIjel/Demeuraat tn la rue | Cainct 31aque0/a lefcu De BaCle. | Colophon : The same device as on the title-page. CoUatio7i copy: From the Thingwall library, near Liverpool. Other copies : Bodleian, British Museum, Douai, the Hague R., Keir in Scotland (duplicates), Mr. H. Hiith. Named by Brunet, Graesse, Van de Helle, Douce, Goujet, &c. 8vo Vol., 6.29 in. x 4.05 ; ///// pages about 4.52 x 2.55 ; device plates as in the other editions by Wechel, No. 7, 8 and 9. Register: A-P in 8s, Q in 4=124 leaves or 248 pages, unnum- bered ; the two pages last but one are blank, the last page has the colophon. Cojitents : Sig. A, the title ; A v and Aii, dedication as in edi- tions 1534, 1535 and 1536; Aii?7-Aiiii, dedication, "A treshault et puissant seigneur | Monseigneur messire Philippe Chabot | cheualier de lordre | Conte de Burancoys et Charny. Baron Daspremot | de Paigny | et de Myrebeau | seigneur de Bryon I de Beaumont et de Fonteine Francoyse. Admiral de France I Bretaigne et Guyene. Gouuerneur et lieutenat general pour le Roy en Burgogne | aussi liuetenat general pour monseigneur le Daulphin | au gouuernemet de Normadie. Jeha le feure secre- taire de monseigneur reueredissime Cardinal de Giury | Dit No. lo. 1536.] Alciatis Emblem-books. humble salut." In A 5, " Lacteur des translations." A 5 z^. " Cla- rissimi Viri D. Andreae Alciati in libellum Emblematum Praefatio, ad D. Chonradum Peutingerum Augustanum." A 6, "La preface au livret des bigarreures du luysant homme Andre Alciat faicte a maistre Conrad Peutingre de Auspurg." A 6 e^-Qiii, "And. Ale. Emblem. Lib." alternately with "Liuret des Emblemes de Andre Alciat," Qiii v and Qiiii, blank. Qiiii colophon. The Latin mottoes, the devices, and the Latin stanzas in italic letters, are on one page to the number of T13; the French transla- tion in Gothic letters, on the other, except on Sig. Ki and ij, Lv and vi, Qi, ii and iii. The same blocks have been used as in Wechel's Latin edition of 1534, No. 7. Jehan le Fevre's translation is reprinted in Wechel's other French editions; in one without a date in 1540 with slight alterations, in 1542 and in 1562 with some additions. It is found also in the editions numbered 33, 46, 56, 61, 67. Brunet, vol. i. col.148, is in error when he says "this version is not complete." At the time it was made it contained all the Alciati emblems that had hitherto been published, namely, the 1 1 3 from Wechel's editions of 1534-15 36. With similar inaccuracy Graesse rather oddly remarks : " This edition, reimprinted in Paris 1540 and 1542 in 8vo, contains only 115 emblems, while that of 1548 contains more than 200." How could it contain more previous to the issue of the second book of the emblems at Venice in 1546.? M. Van de Hellers says of a copy: "Bel exemplaire, Nom- breuses figures sur bois. On y a joint un ancien portrait d'Alciat." The portrait would be an accidental addition. A copy of this edition on vellum was in the MacCarthy library, and by purchase passed into the possession of sir Francis Freeling. Dibdin's Decameron, vol. iii. p. 175, thus notices it : " The volume is a small octavo, but sound and fair, and for the love I bear to the memory of the Wechels, I congratulate Mr. Freeling on this membranaceous acquisition." In his copy, A 132, now in the Bodleian library, Francis Douce has written a summary of interesting particulars : 33 Catalogue, Paris 1868, p. 172, No. 1609. 128 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. lo. ''This is the first French edition of Alciat's Emblems. The earliest Latin edition is that of Milan 1522. See Clement's Cat. des livres rares, 139; Los Rios, No. 348; Freytag Appar.lit. iii. 461." " But Abbe Goujet, who is the authority used by Clement, only states that Alciat wrote his emblems at Milan in 1522. See his Biblioth. tom. vii. 77, and viii. 402. The authors of the Dictio?u hist, say that these emblems were originally published at Augsburg, 1531, 8vo. ^ See some account of Jean le Fevre, the French trans- lator in Savigny, i. 494." " There are two other translations, the first by Barth. Aneau, the other by Claude Mignault. Goujet, vii. 78, and Savigny, iii. 64." " The cuts are by Jollat. See his mark at Sig. L 4^."^^ The translator, John de Fevre, as we have said else- where,35 v^as born at Dijon in 1493. By profession he was an ecclesiastic and canon of the cathedral of Langres, near the source of the Marne, and was secretary to cardinal de Givry. He died in 1563, and was regarded as a learned theologian and an able mechanician. Those who may compare the French rhymes with the Latin text will confirm the abbe Goujet's opinion, that he has given an imitation rather than a translation. The abbe's remarks, in some unimportant particulars compressed, are not readily accessi- ble, and are therefore, subjoined "John le Fevre made his translation from Wechel's edition which contains only one hundred and fifteen emblems.^'' He published it in 1536 under the title of Livret des EmUhnes^ and dedicated it to Philip Chabot, the admiral of France. I know not why the late abbe Papillon cites this edition as les Entretiens^^ 34 This mark I am unable to discover. ^ See the Four Fountains of Alciat^ 4to, 1870, p. 21. ^ See Goujet's Bibliothtqtie Fran^oise^ ed. Paris 1744, vol. vii. pp. 78, 79. 37 Wechel's editions of 1534-36, Nos. 7-9, contained 113 emblems; Le Fevre's translation 1536 has the same number ; in 1542 two more were added, so that this is the edition No. 18 to which Goujet refers, ^ Had the abbe Goujet examined Le Fevre's translation of the Latin preface to Peutinger, he would at once have seen the origin of Papillon's phrase ' ' les Entretiens ;" conversations or amusing tales. Alciati's Latin " Emblematum " is rendered into the French des bigarreures,'''' medleys or miscellanies, which Papillon has expressed by the politer word ''Entretiens,''^ It is therefore no fault in the printing. No. II. 1538.] Alciatis Emblem- books. de Maistre Andre Alciat. It is without doubt the fault of the prin- ter. Le Fevre has not constrained himself to make an exact translation. He renders the thought of each emblem, but he en- larges or abridges it just as he pleases. Alciati did not always limit himself to the same number of verses. His translator on the contrary commonly renders each emblem by eight lines of eight syllables. He deviates from this rule only in the translation of about ten emblems, where the facility which he had of rhyming very badly and of speaking a language almost barbarous, has car- ried him altogether beyond the boundaries which elsewhere he had presented to himself. Judge of his versification and of his expres- sion by these lines, which are perhaps the least bad in the whole book, and which render the sense of ten Latin lines in which Alciati explains the emblem of the Council of a good Prince." The exact text of Le Fevre's translation, ed. 1536, fol. i. (emb. cxliii) : lie parlemtnt Ifu Bon ]priiice. ILe^ SCitiS ^ang main^ qui ^ont aiS^iiS | ^0nt cEuTv t^flut tustirc t^i pauiucuc : Ilj ^oicut aiian^ le ^t\\^ raississ : en Uflii ^Q^z wtiX t)f utv rrmie. ieur prinre priue ire iSa beue | ^e jjcuu apcrceuDir jper^onne : tuge par Sentence tieue | ^clflu que en ^oreille on lug ^onne. Philip Chabot, to whom Le Fevre's translation is dedica- ted, was of illustrious birth, and is well known in the history of Francis L and of his times as the admiral de Brion. He was brought up at the castle of Amboise, about 12 miles from Tours, with Francis L, Anne de Montmorency, Mont- chenu, and Robert de la Marche. On the accession of Francis in 15 15, he was admitted to his inmost counsels. In 1535 he had command of the war against the duke of Savoy. His death occurred June ist 1543. Through his daughters many great families of France were allied to him. 11. [''Andreae Alciatl Emblematum Libellus. 8°. 1538."] Authority: Bernd's List. '-'Alciat, Wechel, Paris 8° 1538." See AUg. Schriftenkunde der ges. Wappe?iwissenschaft, &c., vol. i. p. 79. K 1 30 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 12. 12. [*'LiVRET des emblemes, mis en rime frang. Paris, Wechel 1539."] 8vo. Authority : See Bninet, vol. i. col. 148. " Un exempl. de I'edi- tion, de Paris, Wechel 1539, in 8, mar. bl. 30 fr. Veinant." This edition is not named in Graesse's Tresor, vol. i. p. 62. 13. [''LiVRET des Emblemes de maiftre A. A. Mis en rime Frangoyfe (by Jehan Le Fevre). Paris 1 540."] 8vo. Authority : South Kensington Universal Catalogue of Books on Art, p. 15 ; after the title oi Livret, &c., 1536, "Also, 8vo, faris, 1540. B. M." 14. Alciati Andreae, Emblematum libellus. Pa- rifiis ex officina Chriftiani Wecheli 1540, fig. en 12."] Authority : The title is so printed in count Cicognara's Catalogo ragionato dei Libri d^Arte e d^Antichita, Pisa, 2 vols. 1821 ; vol. i. p. 313. The count adds: "Libretto elegante per gli intagli in ligno : forse la prima edizione Latina : sono le stampe 115, ma non giungono al merito di quelle che servirono posteriormente per le edizione di Lione, e sono del carattere dell' antica scuola." Our catalogue shows the count's conjecture to be unfounded that " perhaps this is the first Latin edition." Brunet, vol. i. p. 147, and Graesse, vol. i. p. 62, both refer to this 1540 edition. 15. LeS Kmblemes | de Maiftre Andre Aldat | mis en rime Fran | coyfe. | {Y^^vio,^,^ An angel flying between the sun and the earth; the mot- toes, ''NE HAVLT I MEDIOCREMENT," and *'NE BAS.") Auec priuilege. (1540.) ^ Brunet, Paris 1864, vol. v. col. 1708, places this printer's device among '■^ Marques qtii nous sont inconnues f but in vol. ii. col. 299, and in vol. iii. col. i486, examples are given of its use. No. 15. 1540.] Alciatis Emblem-books. Collation copy : From the Thingwall library. Other copy : In the Keir hbrary. The place, the printer and the date are wanting. 8vo Vol., 5.98 x.3.93 ; ///// page, 5.2 X 2.8 ; devices \h.^xt. are none. Register : a-f in 85 = 48 leaves or 96 pages, unnumbered. Contents: On Sig. A i-iii, dedication in French, the same as in the French translation, Paris 1536 : also, " Lacteur des trans- lations," and La preface au livret des bigarreures," &c. A iiii v- f viii, ^'Les Emblemes," Latin and French, with 113 mottoes. The Latin emblems and the French tonslations of them are mide. Both in number and in order they agree with the French edition by Wechel, Paris 1536, No. 10. The only device is on the title-page. If this edition had been one of Wechel's it would have had upon it his*device and name. The translation is by Le Fevre, who is thus mentioned in the dedication : " Jehan le feure, Secretaire de monseigneur reuerendissime Cardinal de Giury." No work we have con- sulted mentions this edition, not even Brunet nor Graesse. The same printer's device and mottoes however are set forth by Brunet, vol. iii. col. i486, and assigned to an edi- tion of Martial's Droictz noiiveaiLx ptibliez de par messieurs les senatctirs die temple de Cupido and he says : " The date of 1540, which is read at the end of the 52nd decree, and of the decree against masques, may perhaps be that of the impression." Brunet too, in vol. ii. col. 299, gives another copy of the same unknown printer's device, which was attached to two editions of Corrozet's Hecatongraphie ; and these editions omitted, as does our edition, No. 15 of Alciati's emblems, all the woodcuts or devices : they bear the date 1540 on "the privilege." We have ventured therefore to •assign the same date to this very rare edition of the em- blems of Alciati. Paris probably was the place of printing for this No. 1 5 of Alciati's emblems ; for there Corrozet's Hecatongraphie was sold par Denys lanot 1540," and there about the same time, 1541, appeared other editions of Mar- tial's Droictz noiiveaiix. 132 Bibliographical Catalogue, [No. 16. 16. Los Emblemas de 4to, 1540."] Authority : Nic. Antonio's Bihlioth. Hispana nova^ torn. i. p. 168, records : " Bernardinus Daza, Pincianus, dedit Hispanic, Los Emblemas de Alciato. 1540. 4." In his Tresor, however, Graesse observes, that " the edition of 1540, cited by Antonio, Bibl. Hisp. N., appears to be apocryphal." On the other hand, the Blandford catalogue cites " Los Emblemas de Alciato en Lyon, 8vo, 1542;" it is not then very improbable that there was an edition of two years earlier date, 1540. This point is spoken to with some positiveness, though not ab- solutely decided by Mazzuchelli, vol. i. p. 368, when referring to the translations of Alciati's emblems into Spanish ; he says : " The one translation is by Bernardino Daza, printed in 1540 in 4to, not different from that referred to by Maittaire without the name of the translator, made d Lyo7i por Guglielmo Rovilio 1548, 8vo. The other is by Diego Lopes, who has added to it the interpretation, with this title: Emblemas de Alciato con la explication del Alitor. Naxora por Moiigas ton 16 15, in 4to. And anew, Valentia 1655, in 4to." There may have been an edition in Spanish by Daza in 1540, but it is a mistake to suppose it could have been as full and com- plete as Rovilio's edition of 1548 ; for in 1540 and until 1546 the utmost number of Alciati's emblems did not exceed 115. But, though on the foregoing authority it be admitted as a fact that Daza's quarto edition v^as published in 1540, an octavo edition of the same date, testified to in R. Weigel's Catalog 1857, No. 21 178, bears, with the very announcement of it, a sufficient refutation. The entry is : ^' Los Emblemas de Alciato. Traducidos en rhimas Espanolas (por Bernardino Daza Pinciano) Anadidos de figuras y de nueuos Emblemas en la tercera parte de la obra. Lyon por G. Rovillio 1540. Mit vielen Holzschnitten und jede Seite mit Passe-partout, 8°;" i.e. with many woodcuts and each page with a border round it. This title is almost identical with that of the edition 1549, except in omitting "Dirigidos al Ilhcstre S. lud Vazquez Mo- lina',^ and in contracting " GviLiELMO " into G, and is sug- gestive of the thought that the copy which Weigel had before him was in reality the Lyons Spanish edition of 1 549. Pre- vious to the incorporation of the 87 additional emblems from No. 1 6. 1540.] Alciatis Emblem-books. 133 the Venice edition of 1 546 with the 1 1 5 emblems before issued by Wechel, there did not exist any collection of Alciati's em- blems from which a "tercera parte de la obra," a third part of the work, could have been formed. Sebastian Gryphius of Lyons, in 1548, was one of the very first to print 201 emblems, including "the trees." His arrangement was, i^'emblems, 140 ; 20trees, 14; and 30other emblems, 47 ; without however mak- ing any formal division. B. Daza's Spanish edition, Lyons 1549, follows the same arrangement of \^ emblems, 2^ trees, and 30 emblems, but divides them into tivo books ; book i. having 115 emblems ; book ii. 95 emblems, of which 14 are trees; total, 210. This Daza edition 1549, like the one Weigel speaks of, uses in the title the phrase "la tercera parte," though there are but tivo books. The fact no doubt is, that in some copy of Daza's translation which Weigel saw, the 9 in 1 549 had lost its tail, or been illegibly printed, and looked like a cipher ; and without very close examina- tion Weigel, having copied the title almost entire, gave the optical-delusion date 1540, instead of the true date 1549. Besides, " Le Priuilege du Roy," granted to Roville and Bonhomme with respect to the emblems of Alciati in the Spa- nish tongue, was dated " a Mascon le ix. d'Aoust M.D.XLVIII." and declares that thus they had caused the emblems of Alciati to be " newly translated from Latin into the Spanish tongue .... together with a great quantity of figures which they have anew invented, prepared and appropriated." Now this nezvness of the translation and newness of the devices are inconsistent with the early date of 1 540, which Weigel affixes to the work numbered 21 178 in his Catalog of 1857. By a similar mistake of 1549 for 1540 the Royal National hbrary of Lisbon made, to our circular of April 1870, the following return under the head of Alciati's emblem-books not comprised in our list : "Vol. 8°. Los Emblemas — Bonhomme ~ Lyon 1540. Pages 264." 1 34 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 17. The pages of the Lisbon copy, allowing for one blank leaf, exactly agree with those of the Keir copy, Lyons 1549- 17. LES EMBLE- | mes de maistre | Andre AlCIAT, mis en I RIME FRANCOySE, ET PVIS | nagueres reimprime auec | curieufe correction. I (Wechel's flying horse, &c.) On les vend a Paris en la maifon de Chreftien | Wechel de- meurant a lefcu de Bafle, en la rue-] ,fain6l laques, & a lenfeigne du Cheual vo | lant, en la rue fain6l lehan de | Beauuays. m.d.xl. Colophon : The flying horse, &c., from a smaller block. Collation copy : From the Thingwall library. Other copies : At Berlin I., the Escurial, Keir, Mazarine, (Paris,) Munich Pub., Salzburg, and Caiitley. Named by Brunet, Delandine and Graesse. 8vo Vol., 6.7 in. X 4.3 ; ///// pages, about 4.7 X 2.6 ; devices, 1.7 to 3.03 X 2.36. Register: A-P in 8s, Q in 4=124 leaves or 248 pages; num- bered 1-245; fi^^^ 2 pp. blank, and i p. colophon = 248 pages. Contents: p. i, title; p. 2, blank; pp. 3-7, "A tres havlt et pvissant Seigneur Monseigneur messire Philippe Chabot," &c. ; p. 8, "L'acteur des translations;" p. 9, blank; pp. 10, 11, "Praefatio," and "La preface au liuret des bigarreures du luysant homme Andre Alciat," &c.; pp. 12-245, "And. Ale. Emblem. Lib," and "Liuret des Emblemes de Andre Akiat ;" (pp. 246-247), blank; (248), colophon. The emblems number 113 : the devices the same. On one page are the Latin motto, the device and Latin text ; on the next page the French translations, — the Latin in italic letters, the French in roman type. The devices are from the same blocks as Wechel's edition 1535. Mr. Cautley's copy appears to be made up by combining 64 pages from the filacE \tXXtx edition of 1536 with 184 pages from this 1540 edition. There are some small corrections made in the French version of 1536. In saying that there are "one hundred No, 1 8. 1542.] Alciatis Emblem- books. 135 and fourteen devices," Delandine"^^ will have included the printer's device. 18. LES EMBLE- | mes de maistre An- | dre Alciat, puis nagueres augmentez \ par le di^l A Iciat, & mis hi rime | francoife, auec curieufe \ corre5lion. \ (Wechel's flying horse, &c.) On les uend a Paris, en la maifo7i de \ Chreftien Wechel, demeura^it eft la rtte \ fai7i5l lacques, a leflu de Bafle : & en \ la rue SainH: Ieha7i de Beamiais, au \ cheual twlaiit. L'an m.d.xlii. Colophon: FiNlS. Collation copy : From the Keir library. Other copies : Bodleian, Lucca, Munich Pub., Munich U., Salzburg (monastery of S. Peter), Stuttgart R., Thingwall, Toulouse, and due. d'Awnale. Na?)ied hy Brunet, Graesse, and Douce. 8vo Vol., 6.3 iti. x 3.7 ; full pages, 4.88 x 2.75 ; devices, 1.77 to 2.95 X 2.36. Register: A-Q in 83=128 leaves or 256 pages; numbered 2-249; (printed 149); indices, 7 pages, unnumbered ; total, 256 pages. Contents: p. i, title; pp. 3-S, dedication as in edition 1540, No. 17; p. 9, "L'acteur des translations;" p. 10, Praefatio ;" p. 11, "Pre- face;" pp. 12-249, "And. Ale. Emblem. Lib.," "Les Emblemes de Andr. Alciat." At the end on seven pages, " Emblematum omnium Index," and "Table des Emblemes." Colophon, "Finis." The emblems, Latin and French alternately, are numbered i-cxv. Two emblems have been added, namely cxiv, "Vino prudentiam augeri," "Z^ iiin aiigniente la sagesse^' and cxv, " Antiquissima quseque commentitia," Les deuis de I'ancien tejups. The devices appear to be from the blocks of the editions 1 540 and 1536; of course excepting those for emblems 114 and 115, which are new. The text of this edition varies a little from edition 1540, as at p. 12, Exilicns iox Exilic s, and p. 13, "excusson" for " escusson," &c. ^' Delandine's Bib. de Lyon, vol. ii. p. i8o, No, 6386. 136 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 19. A note by Douce, A 90, says : "This edition differs from that of 1536. i. In a more copious title-page. 2. In having a dedication to Chabot only. 3. In having two additional Emblems at the end." 19. CLARISSIMI I ViRi D. Andreae Al- | ciati Emblematum libellus^ uigilanter \ recognitus, & ab ipfo iam au- \ thore locupletatus. (Wechel's device, The flying horse}} Parisiis. | Apud Chriftianum Wechelum fub fmto, \ Bafllien/i, in uico lacobeo: & fub \ Pega/o, in uico Bellotia- cenfl. I M.D.XLii. Colophon: FiNlS. Deuce's copy, A 103, on another leaf has the Pegasiis &c. also. Collation copy : From Mr. Corser's library. Other copies : Bod- leian, Darmstadt D., Munich Pub., due cVAumale, and Dr. Conrad Leemans, Named by Douce. 8vo Vol., 6.4 i7t. x 4.1 ; full pages and devices, see No. 7, edition 1534- Register: A-H in 8s = 64 leaves or 1 28 pages ; numbered i-i 2 1 ; unnumbered 4, and blank 3 = 128 pages. Contents : The epistle nuncupatory and the preface are repeated from edition 1536, No. 9, and the emblems, with two added. The 115' emblems are numbered i-cxv ; and the devices, the two fresh ones excepted, are from the old blocks of 1534, No. 7. For various editions of the emblems of Alciati, reference should be made to Dibdin's Bibliographical Decamerony vol. i. pp. 260-271. 20. CLARISSIMI | Viri D. Andreae Al- | ciati Emblematum libellus, tiigilanter re- \ cognitus, & ia recens per Wolphgan- \ gu7n Hungerum Bauarumy rhyth- \ mis Germanicis uerfus. \ No. 20. 1542.] Alciatis Emblem-books. 137 (Wechel's device, The Pegasus, &c.) Parisiis. | ApudChriJiianumWechelMm.fiibfcu- \ to Bajili- enji, in uico lacobeo'^: & fub \ Pega/o, m uico BeL louacenji. \ Anno: m.d.xlii. Colophon : The Pegasus, &c. Collation copy: From the Thingwall Hbrary. Other copies: Berhn I., Bodleian, British Museum, Copenhagen R., Keir, Konigsburg, Stuttgart R., and Mr. Hiith. Named by Weigel. 8vo Vol., 6.22 in, x 4.17 ; full pages, 4.48 X 2.55 ; devices, 1.77 to 2.95 X 2.36. Register: A-Q in 85=128 leaves or 256 pages; numbered 1-253; blank pages 2 ; colophon i page = 256 pages. Contents: p. i, title; p. 2, "Typographvs Lectori;" pp. 3-13, "Wolphgangvs Hvngerus nobiliss. iuuenibus Baldasari et Wern- hero a Seybolsdorf, fratribus. S.D.," " Biturigibus, Calendis Maij. M.D.xxxix. ;" p. 14, "Wolphgangi Hvngeri ad detractorem," Latin verse, 12 lines; p. 15, "Hieronymi Brvnneri Bavari ad Lec- torem," Latin verse 12 lines; p. 16, " Clarissimi Viri D. Andreae Alciati in libellum Emblematum praefatio, ad D. Chonradum Peu- tingerum Augustanum," Latin verse, 10 lines; p. 17, " Des Hoch- bervembten herren Andre Alciat in das buechle der verschroten werck an Doctor Conrad Peutinger von Augspurg Vorrhede;" pp. 18-253, at the top of alternate pages, "And. Ale. Emblem. Lib.," and " Das buechle der verschroten werck," Latin and Ger- man ; two blank pages and colophon. The emblems count i-cxv, and have the mottoes, devices and Latin text of former editions, but a German version by Hungerus to each emblem. As in the later Latin and French editions the two devices added are to the mottoes " Vino prudentiani aiigeri^' i.e. " Weyn mehret die weyssheyt;" and Afitiquissima quceque commentitia^^ i.e. " Was gar alt, ist gemeinklich erdichtet." All the other devices are from the same blocks that were used in Wechel's former Latin and French editions. Brunet omits to mention this edition, but names another work by Wolphgang Hunger, LingiicB gernianicce vhidicatio!' 8vo, 1586. Bernd's List, Ducoin's Catalogue 1835, vol. i. p. 175, and Graesse's Tresor, all refer to this German trans- lation ; and R. Weigel's Catalogue, No. 20155, adds, "with 1 38 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 20. many good woodcuts. This very rare edition is fully des- cribed by Dr. Ruland in the Serapeum of Dr. R. Naumann, year 1854, No. 2." As a translator Hunger labours under a similar fault to that of Le Fevre, with whose version he was acquainted ; he places the Latin text in a Procrustes bed, and out of 115 emblems makes not less than 109 of exactly the same length ; in all these instances rendering the Latin stanzas, whether of tzvo or foitr or six or eigJit or tzvelve lines, by a German stanza of eight lines. The consequence is that the author's thought is sometimes cramped, and at other times immoderately stretched. The emblem MiLtimm aitxiliiim' in the original, of four lines, Hunger enlarges to eight and Le Fevre to sixteen ; and in the same spirit, Alciati's admirably compact epigram of two lines to the motto Prudentes tiino abstinent!' both Le Fevre and Hunger amplify into eight. Wolfgang Hunger*2 was born at Wasserberg, on the river Inn, in Bavaria, in the sixteenth century, and is said to have died in 1555, though from one of his works, named above, published in 1586, a later time is probable. "He was a man of considerable attainments, and held the professorship of Civil Law in the university of Ingolstat; and besides other offices, discharged that of Assistant of the Imperial Chamber of Spire. He wrote, but suppressed, an apology for the emperor Barbarossa and for Louis of Bavaria. He was the author of several learned works, and translated into German from Spanish and Italian and also from Latin." His first acquaintance with Alciati's emblems is pointed out in the epistle dedicatory of his " German rhymes," p. 4 : " Very opportunely the little book falls into my hands. As, for See Sale's General Biog. Dictionary, 1736, vol. vi. p. 317. The account we are I giving was prepared for our Bibliographical Catalogue, and is only assigned its proper place when used as we are using it. It will be found also in the Holbein society's Fountains of Alciafs Emblems, 1870, p. 23, as also will some other remarks which are introduced into this volume. No. 20. 1542.] A Iciatis Emblem-books. 139 recreation's sake, I often look into it at breakfast or at supper, and I see it turned into rhymes in French. Therefore it seemed good to attempt a German version in the same kind of verse ; especially since there was also a festive reason ; and, moreover, one wonder- fully agreeing with all my alleged arguments. For in this poem of Alciati's, if any\vhere, the useful appeared mixed with the agree- able, neither was the Gallic speech wanting, nor, what I chiefly followed, did I perceive that for copiousness or ornament any m.ethod of using our country's language was more compendious or fruitful. For why, as in the Latin tongue, so in any other, should not the custom of writing verse bestow upon prose great fertility of words and figures, and, as Sabius terms it, a certain degree of sublimity." Just at the appearance of the French and German editions in 1542, Wechel evidently expected to have put forth a large increase to the number of the emblems. For the Priiiter's Address to the Reader, p. 2, rather sorrowfully remarks : " Thou mayst still remain in want of that desirable accession of Emblems with which the author professes to publish an enlarged book but this happens through the unfaithfulness ( perfidia ) of a famous engraver, to whose charge we had entrusted the device blocks." And Hunger, the translator into German, in his epistle, p. 6, speaking of Wechel urging him "to carry forward the work commenced even up to its entire completion," adds : " Wechel, moreover, is sending no trifling addition of Em- blems recently brought^* from Alciati out of Italy." May it not have been the fact that the 86 emblems which were printed at Venice in 1546, were intended by the author as the "no trifling addition" for Wechel's editions in 1540, 1542, &c., but of which an engraver's faithlessness hindered the publishing In a "Carmen" to his detractors, Hunger avows that ^3 In the title of the French 1542 edition occur the words : " Puis nagueres aiigmentez par le diet Alciat ;" and in the Latin text of the same date : ** uigi- lanter recognitus, et sub ipso turn authore locupletatus." Hunger was writing from Bourges in May 1539. 140 Bibliographical Catalogue. . [No. 21. he wrote for the "artificum gregi," or common people, and declares : " If to these only my verses do good, I have conquered, And have touched the port whither my course was directed." 21. Los Emblemas de Alciato. En Lyon. 8vo, 1542."] Authority : The above entry in the Bibliotheca Blatidfordiensis^ Synibola et Emblemata^ 1809. Such an edition however is not mentioned by Brunet, nor by Graesse, who says " the edition cited by Antonio appears to be apocryphal," nor by any of the various works I have consulted. It has been placed in the catalogue through deference to the noble collector of emblems, the marquis of Blandford. Had a printer's name been given there would have been better means of tracing out the trustworthiness of the claim. See No. 16 of this catalogue. Note also that in Ticknor s History of Spanish LiteratiLve, 8vo, 1840, vol. iii. p. 21, no other translation of Alciati into Spanish is named except "the emblems of Daza in 1549, imitated from the more famous Latin ones of Alciatus." 22. [" Les Emblemes de Maiftre Andre Alciat. Paris. 8vo, 1543."] Authority : In his Gli Scrittori Italia, vol. i. p. 367, Mazzu- chelli refers to such an edition, and quotes the words, " Revues par I'auteur." 23. CLARISSIMI I viRi D. Andreae Al- | ciati Embleinatum libelhts, vigilanter \ recogiiittis, & ab ipfo iain au- \ thore loctcpletatus. \ (Wechel's Pegasus y &c.) Parisiis. | Apud Chrijiianum Wechelu, fitb fctito \ Bajilienji, in vico lacobceo', & fub I Pegafo, iii vico Bellouacenji. m.d.xliiii. Colophon : The Pegasus &c. repeated. No. 24. 1544.] Alciatis Emblem-books. 141 Collation copy: From the Thingwall library. Other copies: Berlin I., Florence N., Milan Amb., Verona, Mr. Cautley and Mr. Corser. Nained by Brunet and Graesse. 8vo Vol., 6.49 X4. 13; full pages, 4.72X2.55; devices, 2.55x2.36. Register : A-G in 8s, H in 45 = 60 leaves, or 120 pages; num- bered 1-119, and colophon=i2o pages. Contents: p. i, title; 2, 3, dedication to Philibert Baboo, "Lu- tetiae ex officina nostra typographia. Anno m.d.xlii. ;" p. 4, Prsefatio as in 1534; pp. 5-119, the emblems, numbered i-cxv, but in count there are cxiii ; colophon. The emblems and devices are the same as those printed by Wechel in 1534, No. 7. Mr. Corser's copy has written on the title-page " Collegii Paris. Societ. Jestc,'' and inserted a portrait Andreas Alcia- tiis Jiir. Cons. 24." With the collation of this last edition of Alciati's emblems printed by Wechel of Paris, reference may be made to the full biographical notice of the famous printer, by Maittaire,'^^ who, in the catalogue of books printed by Wechel, simply notes down emblem editions without assigning dates, alto- gether omitting German versions, vol. ii. p. 416 : * " Emblemata Alciati Latine tantum. Emblemata Alciati Latine et Gallice." 24. LES EMBLE | mes de maistre | Andre Alciat, mis en I rime francoyfe, et pris | nagueres reimprime auec curieufe correction. | (Marque typographique, Une fleur-de-lis fleuron- n6e dans tm cartouche entourd d'ornements entre- lacis, aux quatre coins les initiales I. M. D. P. La date 1 544 separSe en deux par la marque typo- graphique) Imprime a Lyon cheuz lacques Moderne pres Nostre Dame de confort. ^5 See his Annates Typographici, 4to, Hagae-Comitum, 1719, vol. ii. pp. 405-469 ; Catatogus, vol. ii. pp. 412-419. 142 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 25. Colophon: Une fleur-de-lis fleuronnee au verso du dernier feuillet. Collation copy: From the library of H. R. H. due (TAumale, Orleans house. Other eopies not known of except at Grenoble. 8vo Vol., 7.24 2;^. X 3.3 (or 18.4 ee)itiin. xd>.6 e.) ; full pages , 4.13 in. X 2.59 (or 10.5 X 6.6) ; devices, 2.59 ifi. (or 6.6 c.) wide, but of various heights or lengths. Register : A-P in 8s, Q4=i24 leaves or 248 pages; numbered 4-8 and 10-245 ') i^ot numbered 3 ; total 248. Contents : pp. 3-7, dedication, "A tres hault et puissant Seig- neur Monseigneur Messire Philippe Chabot, chevalier de lordre," "Jehan le feure, Secretaire de Monseigneur reverendissime Car- dinal de Giury, dit humble salut pp. 8-9, Livret des emblemes de Andre Alciat," "L'acteur des translations p. 10, " Clarissimi viri D. Andreae Alciati in libellum emblematum praefatio ad D. Chonradum Peutingerum Augustanum;" p. 11, French translation of the preface; pp. 12-245, Emblemata cxiii, Latin text and French translation alternately ; colophon on the last page. Many of the figures of the edition, Wechel 1542, are reproduced in this edition, which contains two plates and two leaves of text less. In the collation from Orleans house it is remarked : " Pas de monogramme de graveur. Dans le cahier B les traduc- tions fran^aises sont imprimees en lettres gothiques. Exem- plaire non rogne." This edition is referred to in Ducoin's Cat. de la Bib. de la ville de Grenoble, 1835, vol. ii. p. 175, No. 18294: "Emblemes d'Andre Alciat mis en rimes frangaises. Lyons 1544, en 8." 25. ANDREAE | Alciati Emble | matvm LIBELLVS. I (Printer's mark, A black fleur-de-lis on a shield, and set forth on a car- touch, having at the corners the letters I. M. D. P.) LvGDVNi I lacobus Modernus excudebat. | M.D.XLIIIL Colophon : A large fleur-de-lis, entirely black. No. 26. 1545.] Alciatts Emblem-books, 143 Collation copy : From the Keir library. Other copies : Besangon, British Museum and Evora. 8vo Vol., 6.1 in. X 4.05 ; full pages, 4.52 x 2.59; devices, 2.55 to 2.75 X 2.44, Register : A-G in 8s, H in 4 = 60 leaves or 120 pages; num- bered 1-119, and colophon =120 pages. Contents: p. i, title; pp. 2^ 3, " Reuerendo in Christo Patri D. Philiberto Baboo," &c., " Christianus Wechelus, Lutetiae ex officina nostra typographica, Anno m.d.xxxiiii.;" p. 4, "Praefatio;" pp. 5-1 19, " Andrese Alciati Emblematvm Libellvs;" colophon. The emblems have motto, device and stanza, and number 107. The devices, of the same count, are roughly executed ; they are closely copied from Wechel's editions of 1534 or 1535, but are not from the same blocks. No monogram to be observed upon them. 26. ANDREAE | Alciati Emble | matvm '^''^ LIBELLVS I (Typographic mark, A black lily in the middle of a shield, zvith a border prettily interlaced in double thread, and havijig at the four corners the i^titials I. M. D. P.) LvGDVNi I lacobus Modernus excudebat. | M.D.XLV. Colophon : At p. 1 20, a typographic mark, viz., a black lily, much larger than that on the title-page, and having neither shield nor border. Collation copy: From the Palatine library of Modena. Other copies : no return made of any. Named by Brunet. 8vo Vol., 15.6 centiin.y. 10.2, or 6.14 X4.01; ///// pages, 4.48 in. X 2.51 ; devices, 1.77 to 3.54 x 2.32 to 2.51. Register: A-G in 8s, H in 4 = 60 leaves or 120 pages; num- bered 1-119 ; unnumbered i, for the colophon; total 120. Contents: p. i, title; pp. 2, 3, " Epist. nuncupat. Ch. Wechelii," &c., " Philiberto Baboo," &c., " Lutetise ex off. nostra typ. Anno M.D.XXXIIII. ;" p. 4, " Clariss. &c., Praefatio ad Ch. Peutingerum Aug.," 10 lines; p. 5-1 19, " Emblemata cxiii;" p. 120, colophon. The 113 woodcuts are by difterent hands and of several sizes; they are without monogram or engraver's mark. The pages do not bear any borders. 144 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 27. This edition may be considered as identical, except in date, with edition No. 25, and is referred to by Brunet, vol. i. col. 148. 27. ANDRE A E | Alciati Emble | matvm Li- BELLVS I (Printer s device, A lily and a scroll on which is the vtotto, In Domino confido, Iacobvs GivNTA.^^) LvGDVNE | lacobus Modernus ex- cudebat | m.d.xlv. Collation copy : From the library at Keir. Other copies : No return made of any. 8vo Vol., 6.29 x 4.05 ; full pages ^ 4.52X2.55; devices^ about 2.55 X 2.36. Register: A-G in 8s, H in 4 = 60 leaves or 120 pages; num- bered 1-119; unnumbered 1 = 120 pages. Contents : p. i, title ; pp. 2, 3, Epistle nuncupatory of C. Wechel to Philibert Baboo, &c., Anno m.d.xxxiiii. ; p. 4, Prsefatio ad Ch. Peutinger; pp. 5-1 19, " Andreae Alciati Emblematum Libellus." There are 113 emblems, and to each its motto, device and stanza. No monogram or engraver's mark. The Modena and the Keir copies, Nos. 26 and 27, agree very closely except in the printer's devices on the title- pages, which differ widely. There was a family named Giunta to which the Aldi family were allied, and Jacobus Giunta must have been of the same profession. In Douce's copy, A 103, of Wechel's Latin text in 1542, mention is made of this edition by Modernus, thus : For a long account of the family of Giunta, celebrated printers of Florence, see Dibdin's Decameron, vol. ii. pp. 250-280. Jacobus Giunta was not of the main branch of the family; "he established a printing office at Lyons, says Dibdin, vol. ii. p. 253, note, "and I have seen books bearing the Lily Device, from that same office as late as 1590 or 1600 ; but they are held in comparative little estimation." In the same volume, p. 269, he speaks of the Giunta devices, "The oldest of them, I think, is the simple fleur-de-lis, generally in red." Dibdin gives an example. No. 28. 1546.] Alciatis Emblem-books. H5 "In 1545 there was p.[rinted] at Lyons by Jacobus Modernus a spurious edition of this book, witJi bad copies of the cuts, and the last two emblems omitted. The title is simply ' Andreae Alciati emblematum libellus/ with the device of a lily and scroll on which is '■In domino confido^ lacobvs Givnta' AVechel's preface or dedic. to Phil. Baboo is retained but with the date 1534." *'This edition varies from the Latin and French one of 1542 in having the dedi- cation to Baboo only." Of Modernus of Lyons there has not been found in the pages of Maittaire, nor indeed in those of the Biographic Universclle, any connected notice. His four editions, in Latin and French, are derived from the Paris volumes by Wechel, but they make no acknowledgment of the fact, and thus are liable to the charge of piracy. 28. ANDREAE AL- \ ciati Emblematvm li- | BELLVS, NVPER IN LV- | CEM EDITVS. (Aldlne device, Anchor and dolphin; motto, Aldus.) Venetiis, m.d.xlvl I Cum priuilegio Pmili III, Pont, Max. & \ Senatus Veneti, ad annos decern. Colophons: i. Series Literarvm, | a b c d e f, | Omncs font qiiaterniones. \ Apvd Aldi FiliOS. | Venetiis M.D.XLVL I Mense Ivnio. | 2. The same Aldine device, as on the title-page. Collation copy: From the Thingwall library. Other copies: Althorpe, Berlin L, Bodleian, British Museum, Keir, Milan Amb., Venice N. (S. Mark's), and Mr. Hiith. Named by Brunet, Graesse, and Bernd. 8vo Vol., 6.02 X3.62: full pages, 4.72x3.03; devices, 2.36 X 3.03. Register : A-F in 83 = 48 leaves or 96 pages ; leaves numbered 1-47 ; blank i p.; colophons 47 v and 482/. Contents : Leaf i, title; leaf 2, " Clarissimo Hieronymo Bernardo Petrvs Rhosithinvs. S. ;" leaves 3-47, "Andreae Alciati Emblema- tvm Libellvs;" colophons. The emblems, in number 86, are entirely new, or rather were not before published ; the emblems, leaf 37, Maledicentia, and L 146 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 28. Contra in later editions, Principis dementia, are without woodcuts ; to all the other emblems there are mottoes, devices and Latin stanzas.'*'' The devices, 84, are rather larger than in the earlier editions, and very different in style ; but there is no sign or mark on any of them to indicate the engraver. In point of design they are not inferior to those issued from Wechel's press, but several have a coarseness of execution which very much lessens their value. Among them, however, at leaf 6 v, is the beautiful group of the Graces, of which Raphael designed the original. Leaf 5, Ficta Religio, and leaf 33 Termmiis, may also be named with praise. This Aldine edition is a very rare book, and good copies have sold for six to eigJit pounds sterling. The Catalcgiie dit Roy, Paris 175 1, vol. ii. p. 153, No. 1497, thus records it: " Andr. Alciati emblematum libellus, nuper in lucem editus ^ PiETRO Rhosithino, VenetHs Aldiis 1 546 en 8°." It has been conjectured that the emblems of this volume were first destined to enlarge Wechel's edition of 1542, but were withheld through the treachery of an engraver (see p. 139); but in his dedication, Rhosithinus, leaf 2, shows that this work was obtained from proper sources : "Just as out of all the actions for which by reason of sur- passing worth of mind, man is born, I have thought none altogether more excellent than when we zealously strive that we may plan for the advantage of men of our age and of their children ; so all blemishes in this little book of Alciati's Emblems we castigate, as people say, with a two-edged axe. It is a little book which at this very time is issuing into the light from the veritable original ; which doubtless, unless it were so, we should have been forced no otherwise to act than out of the sand to entwine a rope of rushes.^'' Of the world-famed Aldi of Venice, no more need be said here than that the earliest of this family of printers, Aldus Manutius, who invented the italic letter, was born in 1447, established himself at Venice in 1494, and died in ^7 Renouard is very brief ; he says, in his Annates de Vinip. des Aldi, vol. i. p. 331 : "47 feuillets, et un pour I'ancre ; 84 figures en bois." *' Ce petit volume fort rare, contient 84 emblemes ;" a slight inaccuracy, there are two emblems without figures, and these Renouard omitted in the counting. No 29. 1547.] A Iciatis Emblem-books. 147 15 15. His sons were in their minority until 1529, and in 1533, with Frederico and Francisco d'Asola, began to carry on their father's business. Paul Manutius, the third son, born in 15 12, had the chief direction. In 1536 there were disagreements, and a dissolution of the partnership in 1540, after which time the works printed at this press were for some years subscribed, " apud Aldi-filios," by the Sons of Aldus. Paul Manutius attained to as great celebrity as his father, and died April 6th, 1574, at Rome.^^ Of Rhosithinus it is conjectured by Renouard, vol. i. p. 33, that " he was not only one of the fellow labourers with Paul Manutius, but that he made also a part of his family ; ' for from our house,' he says, ' there has been published nothing new, that is worthy of thee, Girol Bernardus.' " 29. CLARISSIMI I viRi D. Andreae | Alciati Emble- I MATVM LiBRi | Dvo. | (Printer's de- vice, Two griffins wilh intertwined tails^ and holding in their claws a tablet on which is the inotto,^'^ **QVOD TIBI NON VIS.") LVGDVNI | Apud loan Tornsefium, & Gu- | lielmum Gazeium. | 1547. Colophon : A medallion, having a tetrahedron in the centre, and the motto round the border, " NESCIT LABI VIR- TVS." Collation copy : From Mr. Corser's library. Other copies : Bod- leian, British Museum, Florence N. and Munich Pub. For an account of the three Manutii and of the works printed at the Aldine press, see Renouard's Annales de l^imp7'imerie des Aldi, 3 vols. 8vo, Paris 1803, 1809, 1812, or 1825. Our reference is to the edition Paris 1825, vol. iii. p. 166. Consult also Maittaire's Annales Typographici, Amsterdam 1733, vol. i. p. 65, &c. ^3 The full motto belonging to Jean de Tournes was, ''Quod tibi non vis, alter i ne fecensJ'' 148 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No, 30. 8vo Vol., 49.2 in. X 2.99 ; full pages^ 3.95 X 2.2 ; devices^ about 1.4 in. X 1.7. Register : A-I in 8s = 72 leaves or 144 pages ; numbered 1-143 ; on the last page the colophon = 144 pages. Conte7its : p. i, title; p. 2, Praefatio ad Ch. Peutingerum; pp. 3-1 17, lib. i. emb. i-cxiii, with devices; pp. 118-143 ,lib. ii. emb. i-lxxxv, without devices; p. (140), colophon. The emblems in all are 198, but only 113 of them have devices, which are very small. Douce has written in his copy, A 350 : "The cuts are perhaps by Le Petit Bernard, or by Cousin. They bear the strongest like- ness to those in the editions printed by Marnef ; Cousin's designs, but by a different engraver from that in Marnef's edition." This edition is probably the very first in which so many as 198 emblems were collected. The Lyons folio edition by Sebastian Gryphius was in progress, and also the Bale folio edition by Isingrin. John de Tournes, the publisher of the 1547 edition, had learned his art with Gryphius, and it appears likely may, through him, have received the great addition of 85 emblems. There is however no acknowledg- ment made of the sources whence the second book had been derived. De Tournes printed several books from 1540 onward in the name and on the account of Gryphius, and hence may have used the griffin, Sebastian's badge, as a mark well known in Lyons, to signify for whom or through whom this edition of the emblems was put forth. The family of De Tournes became renowned in their profession,^^ and in 1740 J. Christian Wolf dedicated his Mormmerita Typographica to the brothers, who then represented the old- est printing and bookselling family of Europe. After two hundred and forty years of success the business was sold to others in 1780. 30. Reliqva I D. ANDREAE AL- | ciati opera QVAE I TYPIS NOSTRIS HA | CTENVS NON FVE ] ^ See our Life of Andrea Alciati, pp. 88, 89. Also Maittaire's Ann. Typ. Hague- Comitum 17 19, vol iii. pp. 493, 494. No. 30. 1548.] Alciatis Emblem-books. 149 RANT EX- I cvsA | QuoTum catalogum fequens continet pagella. \ (Printer's device, A griffin bearing a stone and winged ball ; mottoes, vir- TVTE dvce" "comite fortvna/') Lvgdvni apvd SeBASTIA I NVM GrYPHIVM. I M.D.XLVIII. Colophon : FiNIS. Collation copy : From the library at Keir. Other copies : No return made of any. Folio Vol., 13.7 x 8.85 ; full pages ^ T0.82x6.37; printer's device, 3.54 x 3.62. Register : a-z in 6s, A-Q in 6s, R in 4, S-X in 63 = 262 leaves or 1048 columns; numbered 1-974 columns; unnumbered 74 ; total 1048 columns. Conteiits : On columns 1-948, the " Reliqva opera;" 949-974, " Alciati Emblematvm libellvs." Also on 74 columns, " Rerum ac vocura, &c., index." Column 947 bears the following title : "Andreae Alcia I Ti Emblematvm | libellvs. | Ad Conra- DVM PeVTINGERVM j AVGVSTANVM PR^FATIO." There are 201 emblems, including 14 trees, but they are all nude; i.e. without any illustrative device or woodcut. The table of con- tents declares of the book of emblems, that it w^as " ipse quoq: ab autore recognitics ac locuplefatus'' reviewed and enriched by the author. This collection, as well as that printed at Bale by Isingrin in a folio edition of Alciati's works, and generally dated 1549, may be considered the first full edition that was authorised. Sebastian Gryphius was a native of Suabia, born near Augsburg in 1493 ; he established himself at Lyons and there carried 011 his art with much renown. In 1550 his son Anthony succeeded him.^^ Maittaire, vol. ii. p. 575, supplies a list of the works printed by Sebastian, naming AndrccB Alciati Opera qusedam ; nempe 1530-1542 ;" but no emblem-books are enumerated. ^' For an account of the Gryphii and their fine device see Dibdin's Decameron, vol. ii. p. 123-126: also Maittaire's Anti. TyJ)og., Hagae-Comitum 1722, vol. ii. pp. 562-566. Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 31. 31. EMBLEMATA | Andrew Alciati | lurif- confulti cla- | riffimi. | (Roville's device, An eagle bearing a wreath in its beak, and holding in its claws a garland within which is a serpent^ LvGDvm, I Apud Gulielmum Rouillium \ fub feu to Veneto. \ 1548. The title is within a rich border bearing the monogram P. V, Colophon: "Lugduni, | Excudebat Mathias Bonhomme." Collation copy : From the library at Thingwall. Other copies: Berlin I., Keir, Munich Pub., and Paris N. Named in Cat. du Roy., Paris 1750, vol. ii. p. 153, No. 1498. 8vo Vol., 7.44 in. x 5.11 ; ///// pages, including borders, about 6.1 X 3.93 ; devices, about 2.36 x 2.48. Register : A-K in 8s, L in 4 = 84 leaves or 168 pages, num- bered 1-164; final 4, unnumbered; total 168. Coiitefits : p. I, title; p. 2, ornament; pp. 3-5, "Ad Lectorem;" p. 6, "Praefatio ad Ch. Peutingerum pp. 7-164, "Emblemata;" i.e.'. pp 7-11, Devs siue Religio ; 12-16, Fides; 17-29, Prv- dentia ; 31-35, Ivstitia; 36-39, Fortitvdo ; 40-44, Concordia; 45-48, Spes; 49-53, Perfidia ; 54-59, Stvltitia ; 60, Svperbia; 61, Invidia; 61-65, Lvxvria; 66, 67, Desidia ; 69-72, Avaritia ; 75- 78, Gvla; 79, 80, Natvra; 81-83, Astrologia; 84-96, Amor; 97-106, Fortvna; 107-114, Honor; 115-117, Princeps ; 118, Respvblica; 119, 120, Vita; 121-125, Mors; 126-129, Amicitia ; 130-134, Hostilitas; 135-139, Vindicta; 140-142, Pax; 143-149, Scientia; 150-152, Ignorantia ; 153-159, Matrimonia ; 160,161, Insignia; 162-164, Arbores ; final 4 pages, " Tab via Emblematvm in locorvm communes." The emblems number 201, the devices only 129, the 14 trees being without any woodcuts. At least 32 of the borders, though some of them are duplicates or even triplicates from the same blocks, bear the much contro- verted monogram P. V. For the probable meaning of that mono- gram refer to pp. 67-69 of this volume ; and to pp. 67, 70 for the artists who executed the devices within the borders. A new arrangement of the emblems has here been intro- duced ; it seems probable that it was first formed by Aneau for this 1548 edition ; but in his French version 1549, No. No. 32. 1548.] Alciati s Emblem-books. 38, it will be seen completely developed, and with a few slight changes, it was soon very generally adopted. The wood engravings, entirely new in 1548, with addi- tions as they could be prepared, have served for the whole series of editions,^^ Latin, French, Spanish and Italian, which Roville and Bonhomme issued from 1548 to 1566. 32. EMBLEMATA | Andrew Alciati | lurif- confulti cla- | riffimi | Locorum communium ordine, ac Indice, | nouifq; pofteriorum eiconi- bus aucta. | Ek irSvov 6 Bh^. \Life from labour^\ (Printer s mark, Perseus ajid the Gorgon s head.) LvGDVNi, I Aptid Mathiam Bonhomme. \ 1548. CvM Privilegio. Colophon: Lugduni, | Mathias Bonhomme | ExcvDEBAT. Collatio7i copy: From the library of Keir. Other copies: No return made. 8vo Vol., 4.92 in. X 3.46 ; ///// pages, 4.13 x 2.51 ; devices, 2.36 X2.51. Register : A-L in 8s = 88 leaves or 176 pages ; numbered 1-164, unnumbered 11, and blank i ; total 176. Contents: p. i, title; pp. 2-5, "Ad Lectorem," showing why the emblems have been gathered into " locos communes p. 6, " Cla- rissimi Viri Andr. Alciati, in librum primum Emblematum praefatio ad Chonradum Peutingerum Augustanum pp. 7-1 1, Devs siue Religio; 12-48, Virtvtes ; 49-79, Vitia; 79-161, Natura, &c. ; 162-164, Arbores. On 10 pages, "Tabvia Emblematvm in locos communes digestorvm ;" on i page, " Privilege dv Roy," " \ Guil- laume Rouille libraire, & a Mace Bonhome Imprimeur," "k Mascon, le ix. d'Aoust m.d.xlviii." There are 201 emblems and 125 devices, all without borders. The woodcuts, though roughly worked off, are the originals in another Latin edition of the same year. They are attributed to Le Petit Bernard, but are without monogram or sign. The number of emblems, 201, is the same as in the edition by Gryphius 1548, No. 30. See Graesse's Tresor de Livres rares et precieux, Dresden 1859, vol. i. p. 62. 152 Bibliographical Catalog7ie. [No. 33. 33. Les 1 EMBLEMES | de M. Andre | Alciat I Traduits en ryme Fran9oyfe | par lean le Feure. | A Lyon | Par lean de Tournes. | M.D.XLVIII. Collation copy : From the library Wolfenbiittel. Other copies : Einsiedeln, L'Escurial, and Munich U. i6mo Vol., 12 ce7itim. x 7.6; or 4.72 Eng. in. X 2.99 ; devices^ 3.5 centim. X 5 ; or 1.37 i7t. X 1.96. Register: A-H in 85 = 64 leaves or 128 pages; numbered 3-127. Co7ite?tts : p. 3, Epistre, "A Treshault & puissant Seigneur Mon- seigneur messire Philippe Chabot, chevalier de lordre, Conte de Burangois," &c. j p. 10, "Lacteur des translations : Ce liiire pour vng peu de vent, S'en voulut vng iour euoler," &c. ; p. II, " Preface du Livret des bigarreures du luysant homme Andre Alciat, faite a maistre Conrad Peutinger d'Augsbourg p. 12-127, " Embl^mes d' Alciat." The plates are without borders, and fail in monograms or engra- ver's mark. Brunet, vol. i. p. 149, names this a " pretty edition," and says that it reproduces the same plates as the Latin edition issued by J. de Tournes in 1547 and that they are found in De Tournes' edition of 1555. They are quite in the style of Le Petit Bernard, to whom they are attributed. See also Graesse's Tresor, vol. i. p. 62. 34. Los Emblemas d'Alciato. Lyons, 8vo, 1548."] Authority: This edition of Bernard Daza's Spanish translation is named in Bernd's Allg. Schriftejikunde, &c., Bonn 1830, Erster Theil, p. 81 ; but no other reference has been found. 35. D. Andreae Alciati ] Mediolanenfis, lurifcon- fulti clarifs. om | nia quae in hunc ufq; diem fparfim prodierunt | ufquam opera, ab ipfo qui- dem autore tomis di | gefta quatuor ; & ea qua No. 35. 1549.] Alciatis E7nblem-books. 153 ad pofteros tranfmitti | cenfuit perfe6lione re- cognita, auctioraque red | dita : non tarn luris, quam aliarum etiam difcipli | narum candidatis, ob uariam ac multi | plicem eruditionem, per- mag-no ufui futuri, &c. | (Printer s device, A palm tree ; motto, palma ising.") Cum prvui- legio Ccsfareo in annos quinque. \ Basileae, per Mich. | Isingrinivm. | 1549. N.B. Brunet, vol i. p. 149, dates this Bale edition 1546; the librarian of the National libraiy, Naples, 1547; the Bodleian, Cambridge, Copenhagen and Nuremberg copies, 1 549. Graesse, vol. i. p. 62, is very liberal in dates, and records : * ' Alciatus, Andreas, Opera omnia, Basil 1546, 1549, 1550, 1558, 4 vols, in fol. " Colophon: "TOMI QVARTI OPERVM Dn I And. Alciati. Finish — At the end of tome iv., at col. 830: "His ADIVNXIMVS I ne quid dejideretury \ Einblematuin libellumy & ipfuin qnoq; ab auto- \ re recognitum ac locupletatumr \ (Printer's device, A palm ; with the words, " PALMA ISING.") " BaSILEAE, PER MiCH. | Isingrinivm." Also, "D. And. Alciati Emblcma- ttini libellus!'' Collation copies : From the University library, Cambridge, and in the National library, Naples. Other copies : Aarau, Bodleian, Copenhagen R., Edinburgh, Konigsberg, Louvain, Modena Pub., and Nuremberg. Named by Brunet and Graesse. Folio Vol., 38. ceutim. x 24.5 ; or 14.96 Eng. in. X9.64; full page, double columns with margin, 30.3 centim.x 20. \; or 11.92 in. X 8.03. Register (for the emblems): The emblems are printed on 11 pages in double columns. Contents : On column 830, "D. And. Alciati in libellvm emblema- tvm praefatio ad D. Chonradvm Pevtingervm Avgvstanvm," Latin stanza of 10 lines; on 11 pages or 22 columns, the Emblems. There are 201 emblems, including trees; and in mottoes, order and subjects, they are exactly the same with those in the folio edition of 1548 by Sebastian Gryphius. In neither edition are there any devices. 154 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 36. Michael Isingrin of Bale obtained considerable celebrity as a printer. His edition of Aristotle's works is superior to that of Aldus Manutius ; and in 1542 there issued from his press " De Jiistoria stirpiiim conimentarii insignes',^ folio, by- Leonard Fuchs. Maittaire's Ann. Typog., vol. iii. p. 228- 231, will supply a satisfactory account of Isingrin and of his workmanship. 36. Los Emblemas j De Alciato | Traducidos en rhimas | Espanolas. Anadidos | de figuras y de nueuos | Emblemas en la terce- | ra parte de la obra. I Dirigidos al Ilhtftre, S. \ lua, Vazqttez de Molina. \ (Roville's device, An eagle and serpe7it withm a brooch) En Lyon por Gviliel I MO RoviLLio. 1 549. I Con licegia y Priuilegio. The title is on a tablet and surrounded by a rich monumental or allegorical border ; no monogram on it. Colophons: On p. 254, " FiN DE LOS EMBLEMAS at the foot of p. 256, "Fin de los Emblemas de Alciato tra- duci I dos en rhimas Efpanolas por Ber- | nardino Daza Pinciano. | Acabaronfe a 17-de Agofto 1549." At the end of the Tabla, " FiN." CoUatio7i copies : From the libraries at Keir and at Thingwall. Other copies: Berne, Bodleian, British Museum, Goth a D., Mad- rid N., Modena Pal, Nimes, and Schaffhausen, and Mr. Cautley. Named by Brunet, Graesse and Douce. 8vo Vol., 7.48 in. x 4.88 ; ///// pages, including the border, about 6.29 X 3.98 ; devices, within the borders, about 2.36 X 2.48. Register: A-Q in 8s, R in 4=132 leaves or 264 pages; num- bered 1-256 ; "Tabla" in 6 pages, and 2 pages blank; total 264 pages. Conte7its : p. i, title; p. 2, "Extraict du Priuilege du Roy." Mascon, le ix. d'Aoust, m.d.xlviii. ;" pp. 3-4, " GvilHelmo RouilHo librero a los lettores ;" pp. 5, 6, ''■ Las armas d'el Illustre luan Vazquez de Molina ;" (device on a shield, a castle, and around it 3 fleur-de-lis, 7 S. Andrew's crosses and i crescent, and a Spanish No. 36. 1 549-] A Iciatis Emblem-books. 155 sonnet;) pp. 7-9, "Carta de Bernardino Daza ^ el Illustre senor luan Vazquez de Molina," " De Lyo de Solarrona primero de julio 1549 pp. 10-16, " Prefacion de Bernardino Daza Pinciano sobre los Emblemas de Alciato traducidos por el mesmo, a sus Amigos," " De Lyo de Francia;" pp. 17-150, " Libro primero de los Em- blemas de Alciato traducidos en rhimas Epanolus por Bernardino Daza Pinciano;" pp. 151-254, "Segvndo Libro de los Emblemas de Alciato traducidos en rhimas Espanolas por Bernardino Daza Pinciano ;" pp. 255, 256, " Soneio a forma de Emblema del muy^ M. y mtiy. R. seiior. G. Perez a la muerte de Dona Marina de Aragon," with device, a Spanish sonnet, and its Latin translation ; final 6 pages, "Table de loqve en los Emblemas de Alciato." Excluding the two emblems by Daza himself, the Spanish version gives 210 emblems from Alciati, and 200 devices; it is therefore the fullest edition that had appeared. The Latin text and mottoes are not given, but only their translations into Spanish. Many of the devices, though all of them are carelessly printed, are from the same blocks as those in the Latin text of Roville in 1548. During the interval of a year the woodcuts increased from 129 to 200. Borders surround every page, and several of them beai* the monogram P. V. (see pp. 67-69 of our work). The designs v/ithin the borders are by Le Petit Bernard. The privilege from the king, August 9th 1548, shows that this Spanish translation had been just made from the Latin ; that a large number of figures had been newly designed, de iiotnieaiL inuentces ; and that heretofore no others, except Roville and Bonhomme, had published them, " nidz aidtres ne auoient mis en himierey These are strong reasons for supposing that Daza's work did not exist, as some have thought (see p. 132), at a date earlier than 1549. Except with the printer's and publisher's consent people were not allowed " to sell or distribute," in the kingdom of France, " the said emblems of Alciat in the Spanish language, nor to take their augmentations, whether of emblems or of figures, nor those figures which were designed and arranged only by themselves." Now these and similar expressions have a reasonable interpretation only on the supposition that Daza's work and its illustrations were quite recent. The occasion too on which Daza undertook the Spanish 156 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 36. version shows that in 1549 it must have been quite recent In his preface, p. 12, explaining to his friends the process of his work, he remarks : " Moreover I was moved to translate the emblems because, as no one else possessed the preparations which I did, so no one possessed entire knowledge of them : for on coming into France I saw a copy of those emblems, corrected and largely increased (as here you may see) by the hand of Alciati himself. This fact re- lates to the subject both with respect to the fidelity of the trans- lation, and to the work being made complete at once. Unless that should happen to Alciati with his emblems which happened to Erasmus with his Chiliads, — who, having twice promised not to increase them, at last altered and amplified them to such a degree that what belonged to the first Chiliads did not belong to the Chiliads I do not see how these statements are to be reconciled with the claim that a quarto edition of Daza's Spanish ver- sion was issued at Lyons in 1540, and an octavo edition in 1542. As a poet Daza aims at great regularity ; he has three favourite stanzas, — the tercetos of three lines ; the soneto of four ; and the ottava rhhna of eight. These he varies with the dimetros iambos, the semi-ottava, and the ottava acepJiala^ of two, four and six lines. Translation into verse, and that verse rhyme, is ever difficult, and we need not wonder that Daza has not been able to walk freely in fetters. Daza's first book contains and generally follows Wechel's editions 1 540-1 542 ; his second hoo^i^ the Aldine 1546, with several emblems added. 53 In the original: "Tambien me mouj a traducillos por que vj que otro ninguno no tenia los apar ejos que yo, ansi por que tenia entera noticia de ellos, como por que venido en Francia vue vn exemplar de estos Emblemas corre- gido y aumentado de otros muchos (como aqui vereys) de la mano del mesmo Alciato. Lo qual liizo al caso ansi para la fidelidad de la traducion como para ser la obra de vna vez c5plida. Alomenos sino acae9e a Alciato con sus Em- blemas lo que a Erasmo con su Chiliadas que auiedo dos vezes prometido de no les aumentar, al fin las mudo y anadio de tal manera que quien tenia de las pri- meras Chiliadas no tenia Chiliadas, " No. 37. 1549.] Alciatis Emblem-books. 157 Copies of this Spanish version have been accounted rare, because there was no copy in the Whiteknights Catalogue, 1819. In his own copy, now in the Bodleian library, A 481, Douce wrote : " The cuts in this edition, the same as in the French one of 1 549, printed also by Roville. The date of this, which in the title is not clear, must be 1549. See the end of the dedication. The cuts are more numerous than in the French copy, and are differently arranged." 37. Los Emblemas | De Alciato | Traducidos en rhimas | Efpanolas Anadidos | de figuras y de nueuos | Emblemas en la terce- | ra parte de la obra. | Dirigidos al Illujlre S. \ ItiaVazquez de Molina. | (Typographic mark, Perseus carry- ing the head of Medusa ; the motto, EK nONOT 'O BIOS, Life from labour.) En Lyon for Mathias I BoNHOME. | 1 549- I Con lice^ia y Priuilegio. This title has a border of allegorical figures. Colophon : In the collated copy the last leaf is wanting. Collation copy : In the Palatine library, Modena. Other copy : Lisbon N. Svo Vol., 17.9 centun. x 11.5, or 7.04 Eng. X 4.5 ; full pages about 16 centim. x 9.8, or 6.29 in. x 3.8; devices, without borders 6 centim. x 6.4, or 2.36 in. X 2.51. Register: A-Q in 8s, R 4 = 132 leaves or 264 pages ; numbered 1-256 ; unnumbered for the Tabla 6, blank 2 missing = 264. Contents: p. i, title; p. 2, " Extraict du Priuilege du Roy," "il Mascon le ix. d'Aoust, m.d.xlviii ;" pp. 3-4, " Mathias Bonhome Impressor a los lettores pp. 5-6, Las armas d'el Illustre Juan vasquez de Molina, Soneto ; pp. 7-9, Carta de Bernardino Daza il illustre Senor Juan Vazquez de Molina, De Lyo de Solarrona primero de Julio 1549;" pp. 10-16, " Prefacion de Bernardino Daza," &c.j pp. 17-254, ''Los Emblemas cic {sic)f pp. 255-256, 158 Bibliographical Catalogue, [No. 38. " Sonet 0 h forma de Emhleina del imiy M. y. R. Sefior, G. Perez d la 77iuerte de Doila Marina de Aragon^^ followed by a Latin trans- lation; at foot of p. 256 "Acabaronse \ 17 de Agosto 1549;" pp. 257-261, "Tabla" &c. The borders and the plates of the editions of Alciati by Roville, or Bonhomme are the same, 1548-155 1. The return from the National library, Lisbon, gives 1540, instead of 1549; it is: "8° Los Emblemas. Bonhome. Lyon 1540, pages 264;" but the real date, 1549, has been misread or the 9 has been partially obliterated into o. 38. EMBLEMES | UAlciat, \ de nouueau Traf- latez en | Fra^ois vers pour vers | iouxte les Latins. 1 Ordonnez en lieux comuns, auec \ briefues expojitions, & Figu- \ res nouuelles ap- propriees \ aux dernier s E7nblemes. \ (Printer's device, within a suspended brooch or medallion, Perseus holding forth Medusas head ; the motto, EK nONOT 'O BIO^, Life from labour) A Lyon chez Mace | Bonhomme. 1549. The tide has a border of allegorical figures. Colophon: "Imprimez a Lyon par | Mace Bonhomme." Collation copy : From the library at Keir. Other copies : Berlin I., Besan^on, Bodleian, British Museum, and L'Escurial. Named by Brunet, Graesse, Delandine, Bib. du Roy, Paris 1750, Goujet and Douce. 8vo Vol., 7.51 Z;?. X4.72; full pages, 6.29X3.93; devices, in- cluding border 6.02 x 3.93, without border 2.36 X 2.51. Register: A-R in 8s =136 leaves or 272 pages; numbered 1-267; fii^3,l 5 unnumbered; total 272. Conte7its : p. i, title; p. 2, Extraid dit Priuilege dii Roy^' Masco leix. d'Aoust, m.d.xlviii.;" pp. 3-4, " Epistre Dedicatoire," " A Tres illvstre Prince lacque Conte d'Aran en Escoce, filz de tres noble Prince, lacque Due de Chastel-le | herault, Prince Gouuerneur du Royaume d'Escoce, Barptolemy Aneau Salut. De Lyo ce 3 de lauier, 1549 ;" [pp. 5-13, " Praeface;" p. 14, " Praeface No. 38. 1549.] Alciati's Emblem-books. '59 de Noble homme Seigneur Andre Alciat, Sur les Emblemes. A Chonrad Peutinger d'Ausbourg," French stanzas of to lines; pp. 15-267, Emblemes d' Alciat, namely, pp. 15-20, "Dedica- tion; 21-27, Diev, ov Religion; Vertus — 28-34, "Foy;" 35-48, Prvdence ; 49-56, Ivstice ; 57-61, Force; 62-66, Concorde; 67-72, Esperance; Vices — 73-79, Desloyavlte; 80-88, Follie; 89-92, Orgveil; 93, Envie ; 94-102, Lvxvre; 103-106, Paresse; 107-111, Avarice; 112-117, Gvevle ; 118-121, Natvre; 122- 127, Astrologie; 128-145, Amovr; 146-160, Fortvne ; 161-173, Honnevr; 174-180, Le Prince; 181, 182, La Repvbliqve; 183-186, La vie; 187-193, Mort ; 194-198, Amitie; 199-205, Inimitie; 206-213, Vengence; 214-218, Paix; 219-231, Science; 232-235, Ignorance; 236-248, Mariage; 249-267, Les Arbres ; (268-272), " Table des Emblemes D'Alciat ordonnez en lievx commvns ; " (272), colophon. N.B. The contents have been given thus fully, because it was in this French edition of 1549 Aneau first completely arranged the subjects of the emblems. There are in this edition 201 subjects, of which 187 have mot- toes, and 14 are trees. To most of them is appended a short expla- nation, often interesting and useful. Of the emblems 36 are without devices. All the emblems have rich borders, of which there are 25 or 26 varieties similar to those of Roville and Bon- homme, Latin, Spanish, French, and Italian editions. The devices number 165, the workmanship of Le Petit Bernard; on several of the borders the monogram P. V., for an explanation of which, see our work, pp. 67-70. N.B. The collation copy from Keir is remarkably fine; the plates on the whole being the best I have seen. Douce, in his copy A 496, remarks : " This is the first edition of Aneau's translation." " There are 93 emblems added by Alciat, but there are not cuts to all of them." James Hamilton, earl of Arran and duke of Chatelherault, played a great part in the government of Scotland, assum- ing the regency in 1542, and in 1565 was acknowledged next heir to the throne after Mary ; but in 1570, on under- taking the government with Argyle and Huntley, Eliza- beth's armies so ravaged his castles and lands, that this great family and the clan itself were nearly brought to entire ruin. i6o Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 38. His son, James Hamilton, also earl of Arran, passed a considerable time in France, and was a young man when Aneau's translation was dedicated to him. Many good qualities and considerable ability have been attributed to him. He was a favourite of Henry H. of France, who appointed him a captain of his Scotch guard in 1555. From France he secretly conveyed himself to Scotland in 1559, and in 1562 denounced the earl of Bothwell as a traitor, and accused him of an intention to murder lord James Stuart. He failed to establish the charge, and on the ground of insanity was confined in Edinburgh castle. He is said to have been secretly an aspirant to the hand of queen Eliza- beth, but concealed his purpose that he might be accepted by the widowed Mary of Scotland. She however was in- different to him, and treated him with contempt, and Arran, sinking into despair, really became insane. He died in 1609. It was probably through him that emblem-books became known in Scotland, so as to engage Mary and the ladies of her court in the practice of the emblem art.^"* Drum- mond leaves it beyond doubt that the queen, who had passed her happiest years in France, was intimately acquainted with the emblem-books of Lyons ; as Paradin's Devises JieroiqiteSy 1557, and Pavlo Jovio's Dialogue des devises d' amies et d' amour, 1561. James I. too had his mother's taste in this respect, and a copy, one of the finest editions of Alciati's works, containing very excellent impressions of the woodcuts of the emblems, belonged to him, and bearing his autograph, is to be found in the British Museum. Barthelemi Aneau, or Anulus, of Bourges, was born at the beginning of the sixteenth century, and attained cele- brity as a poet, a lawyer and an orator. He was the author of several works, among which are, The Mysiery of the Nativity y and The Merchant of Lyons, a satirical drama, 5* See Drummond's Histojy of Scotland, London 1656. Letter dated July 1st 1619. No. 38. 1549 ] Alciatts Emblem- books. i6i rehearsing the chief events of Europe from 1524 to 1540. His translations of sir Thomas More's Utopia, and of Alciati's emblems, appeared at Lyons in 1549; and at the same city in 1552, a very pleasing emblem-book of his own, PiCTA POESIS, Pictured poetry?^ As early as 1 5 30 Aneau was professor of rhetoric in Trinity college, Lyons, and in 1542 was appointed principal. His death was highly tragical. On the Fete-Dieu, June 21st 1565, a stone was thrown from one of the college windows, which hit the priest as he was carrying the Host, and the outraged popu- lace broke into the college, and mistaking Aneau for a Pro- testant and the author of the insult, massacred him in their fury. " Arranged in their common places " is a merit, and it is no slight one, claimed on the title-page of this edition. So useful a piece of work is due to Aneau, and it has been adopted in nearly every edition of the emblems printed since his time. Aneau undertook his translation of the emblems at the instance of a very learned Scotchman, Florent Volusen, " who joined to the knowledge of the arts and sciences that of the Greek and Latin languages, as well as of French, Spanish and Italian." For an estimate of the translation itself the best appeal is to the testimony of an excellent French critic, the Abb6 Goujet "To avoid paraphrase he fell into another extreme, by un- dertaking to render the poet's Latin verse for verse. This method, from which he did not depart, has not given any more ^5 The first of his emblems, An Invocation to the Holy Spirit, gives a favour- able view of Aneau's power and style as a poet : Every gift that is good, — in blessedness perfect, From the Father of Light cometh down from the sky ; Let therefore the Poet his work set in order. And invoke first of all divine help from on high. Verse adorning with pictures, most earnest we pray That God pour around us the heaven-lighted day. See Goujet, vol. vii. pp. 81 and 83. M 1 62 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 39. agreeableness to his translation, as he confesses, but it renders it more faithful," The author in his preface indeed, p. 13, speaking in the persoti of his book, thus sums up his remarks : " Le Livre. " En translatant vers pour vers rendre, Horace Point ne commande : & ne defend aussi Qui le peut faire en ha il moins de grace % Si c'est mal faict, mal tourne suys ainsi." "This," adds Goujet, "is what the author makes his book say, and the portrait is a faithful one. The servitude which he has imposed upon himself has obliged him to flounder, as may be well perceived : but what it has produced gave no pleasure to the readers of his time who had any taste, and who began to know better the genius of our language and the character of our versi- fication. There is however an advantage in the precision which Aneau affected j it is, that each verse generally forms one sentence which it was easy to retain, and for that reason the translator has been able to render the book of emblems more useful to those who could not understand the original language." The rest of Goujet's criticism on Aneau's version is equally sensible, but it is too long for insertion here. 39. Les I EMBLEMES | de Seigneur j Andre Alciat, I de nouueau Tranflatez en | Francois vers pour | vers, louxte la | Diftio La- | tine : | & I Ordonnez en lieux communs, auec \ fom- maires, in/crip lids, fc hemes, & brief | ues expoji- tions Epimythiques, felon V A I- \ legorie nahtrelle, Moralle, ott Hiflorialle. \ (Printer's device, An eagle with a serpe7it) A Lyon Chez Guill. Rouille. 1 1549. Auec Priuilege du Roy. Colophon : " Imprimez a Lyon par Mace Bonhomme." Collation copy : In the Bodleian library, Oxford. Ot//er copies : Berlin I., Berne, Munich Pub., Nimes, Vienna I., and Wolfenbiittel. i2mo Vol., 5.48 X3.24; ///// pages^ 4.52x2.36; devices^ 1.77 to 2.36 X 2.55. No. 40, 1549.] Alciatts E^nblem-books. 163 Register: A-R in 83=136 leaves or 272 pages; numbered 1-266, unnumbered 6 ; total 272. Co7itents: p. i, title; p. 2, " Extraict du Priuilege du Roy," Mascon le ix. d'Aoust m.d.xlviii. ;" pp. 3-4, " Epistre Dedicatoire. A Tres illvstre Prince Jacque Conte de Aran en Ecoce/' &c. ; " Barptolemy Aneau Salut." " De Lyo ce 3 de lauier 1549;" pp. 5-13, Praeface; p. 14, Preface &c, "a Ch. Peutinger d'Aus- bourg;" pp. 15-246, " Emblemes d'Alciat," arranged in common places ; pp. 248-266, Les Arbres ; final 6 pages, Table des Em- blemes, &c. ; colophon. The emblems are 20 r, including 14 trees ; the mottoes, stanzas and Epifnythia, or expositions, all being in French. There are 161 devices, clearly worked and well designed. For an account of Aneau, Douce, A 374, refers to La Croix dtt Maine, to Du Verdier, and to Goujet's Biblioth. Frang., torn. vii. p. 78. Sec the last article, No. 38, in this Catalogue- Observe. — The very valuable ''Response'' from the Impe- rial library of Vienna, did not arrive early enough for copies of Alciati's emblems to be inserted in our Catalogue before edition 1549, No. 39; but the Imperial library also possesses Nos. 2, 10, 31, 35, 37, and many others which will be found in their proper order. 40. CLARISSI I MI viRi D. Andreae ] Alciati Emble I MATUM LiBRi | DUO. | (De Toumes' device ; motto, qvod tibi | fieri non | vis al- TERi I ne feceris.") Lugduni, | apud Joan Tor- nsefium & Gu | lielmum Gazeium. | 1549. Collation copy: In the library of M. / T. Bodel Nijcnhiiis, Leyden. Other copies are named below. The letter from M. Bodel Nijenhuis, i6th May 1869, in addi- tion to the above title, adds as to the Register of the volume : "143 pp. et une non numeree, i2mo;" and " De ces deux livres le contient emblemata 113 sur les pages 1-117; chaque embleme contient une gravure en bois et quelques vers. Le livre 2^ contient 85 vers, sans aucune embleme, de la page 1 18-143. Cette edition n'est pas mentione'e par Ebert, Allgcm. Biblio. Lex., No. 373." 164 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 41. This edition is a reprint from No. 29 of our catalogue, p. 147, and may be regarded as described there. The Catalogue du Roy, vol. ii. p. 153, No. 1499, thus names it : " Andr. Alciati emblematum libri duo. Lug- dtmi, Joan. ToriLcesius. 1549, en 160." R. Weigel attributes the engravings to Le Petit Bernard. Bernd, vol. i. p. 79, quotes this edition ; and also Graesse, vol. i. p. 62 : " Emblematum libri ii. Lugd. ap. J. Tornae- sium et G. Gazeium. 1549, in \2^. Av. fig. en bois." 41. Diverse Im | prese Ac | commodate a diuerfe mo I ralita, con verji che i \ loro Jignificati di \ chiarano \ Tratte da gli Emblemi | dell' Al- ciATO. I (Roville's device, The eagle and ser- pent.) In Lione I da Gvlielmo | Rovillio. 1549. I Con Privilegio. Within an engraved monumental border of allegorical figures. Colophon: IL FiNE. Collatio7i copy : In the British Museum. Other copies : Munich Pub., Stuttgart R. Named hj Brunet's Manuel, vol. i. p. 149. 8yo Vol., 7.63 X4.8; full pages, including border, 6.29 x 3.93 ; devices, about 2.36 x 2.48. Register : A-I in 8s = 72 leaves or 144 pages ; numbered 1-44 1, a misprint for 144. Contents', p. i, title; p. 2, Extraict du Priuilege du Roy," Mascon, le ix. d'Aoust, m.d.xlviii p. 3, "Al Sereniss. M. Francisco Donato lUustriss. Principe di Vinegia," " Seruitor di V. Sublimita Giouanni Marquale pp. 4-144, " Imprese," arranged in the order of the subjects, the 11 ''arbori" being at the end. There are 136 emblems including the trees. There is no Latin text, but mottoes and stanzas all in Italian. Every page is within a fine border. The devices from blocks, independent of the borders, are 136 in number and claim the same parentage as the others of the Rovillian series, namely, Le Petit Bernard. For the monogram, P. V., on the borders, see pp. 67-70 of our work. Consult also Nagler's Neties Allgem. Kunst. Lexicon 1835, under the heading Buonacorsi. No. 42. 1 549-] A Iciatis Emblem-books. 165 The copy used for collation bears on its back the royal crown of England at the top, and " E. VI. R." at the bottom, i.e. Eduardus Sextus Rex. The young king died in 1553, so that the copy was obtained for him soon after its pub- lication. Of the character of Marquale's Italian version it is not necessary to speak with any diffuseness. In 1549 it com- prised only 136 emblems, and at its utmost extent in 155 1 did not exceed 181. His work bears the mark of haste, if not of inaccurate appreciation of the meaning of the original, and occasionally amplifies beyond measure. It remained for many years the only utterance in Italian for Alciati's emblems ; but this should occasion no wonder, for to the educated Italian of that day the old Latin was, far more than the Tuscan or any dialect of Italy, the lan- guage of learning and of literature. Comparatively it was at a recent date that Dante, Petrarch and Boccacio had impressed with their spirit and tone their native tongue. 42. Diverse Im \ prese A c \ commodate a dluerfe mo 1 ralita, con verfi che i | loro fignificati di | chiarano ; | Tratte da gli Emblemi | delF Al- ciATO I (Typographic mark, Perseus bearing the head of Medusa; the motto, EK nONOT 'O BlOX) In Lione Per Maffeo | Bvonhomo. 1549. I Con Privilegio. The title within a border of allegorical figures. Colophon wanting. Collation copy : In the Royal library of Dresden. Other copies : At Paris, and Perugia, and Mr. Catitleys. 8vo Vol., 19.1 ccntim. X 12., or 7.51 Eng. in. X 4.72 ; full pages, 1 5. 1 centim. X 10., or 5.94 2V/. X 3.93 ; devices, 6. centim. X 6.4, or 2.36 in. X 2.51. Register : A-I in 83 = 72 leaves or 144 pages ; numbered i-i44- 1 66 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 43. Contents : p. i, title; p. 2, " Extraict du Priuilege du Roy," "a Mascon le ix. d'Aoust m.d.xlviii. ; " p. 3, "Al Sereniss. M. Francisco Donato Illustriss. Principe di Vinegia," " Seruitor di V. Sublimita Giovanni Marquale pp. 4-133, Emblemi 1233 pp. 134-144, "arbori" 11. The borders of the plates, pp. 3-9, 13-22, 29, 30, 33-36, 39, 40, 55. 63, 69, 67-72, 75, 76, 79-82, 85, 86, 88, 95, 96, 99, 100, 102-104, 107, 115, 116, 125-130, 133-136, 139-142, bear the monogram P. V. ; all the other plates are without monograms. To each page there is a border richly ornamented. The emblems and the trees together amount to one hundred and thirty-six (125 + 11). The catalogues do not always make a distinction between editions by Roville, and editions by Bonhomme. They are indeed, as in our Nos. 41 and 42, essentially the same, but appear to have been issued each by its respective publisher. Count Cicognara's collection contained a copy, I 313^ printed " In Lione per Masseo Buonhomo 1549, Dedicato al Doge Fran- cisco Dona di Giovanni Marquale in 12." It is added : "Figurato in legno con molto eleganzia Sono queste 141 pagine impresse coUe tavole, sotto le quale stanno le dichiarazione in versi Italiani." 43. ['^EMBLEMATA | D. A. Alciati | &c. LvGD. Apud Math. Bonhomme. 1549, 8vo."] Authority : Brunet's Manuel^ vol. i. col. 148. In answer to our Enquete^'' April 20th 1870, the information received from the Bodleian library indicated the possession of a copy, but a second inquiry, October 9th 187 1, has not been successful; so that Brunet's single line remains as yet the only evidence. [43 a.] Ad tertium Idiis lanur. 1550. On the nth of January 1550 Andrea Alciati died, and shortly after, xiii. Cal, Febr. M.D.L., his funeral oration was pronounced where he had been buried in the cathedral of No. 43 a. 1550.] ALciatis Emblem-books. 167 Pavia. It can scarcely be out of place to enter the title of the little work in the midst of our Bibliographical Catalogue. ORATIO I FVNEBRIS I IN FVNERE D. \ An- DREAE I Alciati, | Mediolan. | lurifcon. Clarif- fimi & Caefareae Maieftatis | Senatoris Illuftriffimi. Ab Alexandro | Grimaldo Antipolitano habita | Ticini. In Ede Cathedrali ad | XIIII. Cal. Febr. | M.D.L. I Impressvm \ Papiae. (4to, pp. 24, inclu- ding Carmina. Colophons : To the Oration, " Papiae. | Apiid Francifaim Mo/chenum Bergomenfein, Et \ loaimem Baptijlam Nigrum, Socios \ Ciiiefq; Papienfes. Anno \ Domini, M.D.L." 2^. To the Carmina, " Impreffum Papiae, Apud Francifcum Mofchenum, | Bergomenfem. Et louanem Baptifta Nigrum, | Socios Ciuefq; Papienfes. 1550. Collation copy: From the library at Keir. Other copies: At Milan Amb., and at the Rev. Alexander B. GriinaldPs. Contents : (p. i) title ; (p. 2) "Ornatissimo Viro Nicolao Grimaldo Fratri, Alexander Grimaldvs. S. (pp. 3-13) " Oratio Fvnebris;" (p. 13) Greek stanza, six lines; (pp. 14, 15) "Elegia," per Alexan- drvm Grimaldvm. Antipolitanvm ; (p. 16) blank; (pp. 17-20) "Carmina Stephani Gvatii. Alciati Lacrime;" (pp. 21-23) "Ivlii Zvrlae Carmina;" (pp. 23, 24) " Constantivs Landvs Comes Pla- centinvs in mortem divini Alciati ;" (p. 24) in twelve lines, " Fre- dericvs Scotvs, Comes Placentinvs in mortem divini Alciati." Alexander Grimaldi and his brother Nicolas, both men of eminent character and learning, were Antipolitani," i.e. of the Antibes or Cannes branch of the family. Their father's name was Gaspar,^^ who was descended from Rainer prince of Monaco ; but the present prince, contrary to the Salic ^7 See, by Venasque, Gencalogica Grimaldi gentis arbor ^ folio, Parisiis 1647, p. 183, col. 2, and p. 184. The remarks in the text are, however, from a letter dated August 24th 187 1, from the Rev. Alex. B. Grimaldi, of Shumanbury in Sussex. 1 68 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 44. law, which should apply to Monaco as a fief of the empire, is descended from a female ancestor ; and the real male representative of the ancient family is Charles Louis Henri Maxencie, marquess de Grimaldi, who resides in Belgium. Venasque, who wrote in 1647, gives no descent from Alex- ander Grimaldi. 44. EMBLEMATA | D. A. Alciati, | denuo ab ipfo Autore | recognita, ac, quae defi- | dera- bantur, imagini- | bus locupletata. | Accejferunt noua aliquot ab \ Autore Emblemata, fuis quo- que I eiconibus injignita. \ (Below is a medal- lion with Roville^s device, The eagle and serpent}^ lvgd. apvd gvliel. | rovilivm. 1 5 so. cvm Privilegio. There is the usual emblematic border of Roville's editions. Colophon: '^Lugduni, | Excudebat Mathias Bonhomme." Collation copies : In the Stadtbibliothek in Augsburg, and from Mr. Cautlefs. Other copies : At Ferrara, Gotha D., Grenoble, Holkham, Rimini, and Vienna I. Nained by Brunet and Bernd. 8vo Vol., 18.5 cenfijn. X 12., or 7.28 Eng. in. X 4.72 j full pages and devices, as in No. 31, edition 1548. Register: A-O in 8s, P in 4=116 or 232 pages j numbered 1-226; final 4 unnumbered and 2 blank; total 232. Contents: pp. 1-6, title. Privilege, Ad Lectorem, ad Ch. Peutinger as in No. 31; pp. 7-212, Emblemata 197; pp. 213- 226, Arbores 14 ; final 4 pages, "Index emblematum in locos com- munes digestorum." Of emblems and devices there are the full number, 211, the plates being the same as in No. 31, and repeated in 155 1, though not with such good impressions. 45. EMBLEMATA | D. A. Alciati | denuo ab ipfo Autore | recognita, ac, quae defi- | dera- bantur, imagini- | bus locupletata. | Accejferunt No. 47. 1551.] A Iciatis Emblem-books. 169 noua aliquot ab \ Atttore Emble^iiata, fuis q^to- que I eiconibus injignita. \ (Typographic mark, An oval; in the centre,^^ Perseus and the legend, EK nONOT 'O BIOX) LvGD. Apvd Mathiam 1 BONHOMME. 1550. CVM PrIVILEGIO. The title is in a border of allegorical figures. Colophon : Lugduni, | Excudebat Mathias Bonhomme." Collation copy : In the National library, Madrid. Other copies : No return made. 8vo Vol., 16.3 centiin. x 10.7 or 6.41 Eng. X4.21 j devices^ 6 c. X 6.4 or 2.36 x 2.51. /Register : The bottom margin cut into ; no signatures ; num- bered pages 1-226; unnumbered 4; total 230. Contents: pp. 1-6, as in No. 44; pp. 7-212, Emblemata 197; pp. 213-226, Arbores 14 ; final 4 pages in columns. Index Em- blematum in locos communes digestorum." The borders on 44 pages which are enumerated bear the letters P. V. 46. " [Les emblemes d'AND. Alciat ; mis en rime fran^oyfe par J eh. le Fevre, enviro7i 1550, en Authority : Such are the words contained in the Cat. dii Roy, Paris 1750, Belles Lettres, vol. ii. p. 154, No. 1509, Mazzuchelli's Scrittori d Italia, vol. i. p. 357, refers to the same edition. An application, September 4th 187 1, to the National library of France, where a copy should be, has not been productive of any informa- tion on the subject. 47. EMBLEMATA | D. A. Alciatt, \ denuo ab ipfo Autore | recognita, ac, quae defi- | deraban- tur, imagini- | bus locupletata. | Accefferunt noica aliquot ab \ Aittore Emblemata fuis quoq; \ ^ "Une cigiiena," a stork, says the return made August 1870, which we venture to consider inaccurate. 1 70 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 48. eiconibus injignita. \ (Roville's mark, The eagle and serpent.) Lvgd. apvd Gvliel. | Ro- VILLIVM. I 551. I CVM PRIVILEGIO. The usual allegorical border to the title. Colophon : " Lugduni, | Excudebat Mathias Bonhomme." Collation copies : From the Keir and the Thingwall Hbraries. Other copies: At Bologna, British Museum, Mazarine (Paris), Milan Amb., Modena Pal, Munich Pub., Munich U., and Stutt- gart R. Named by Brunet and Van de Helle. 8vo Vol., Keir copy 7.67 2>2. X4.92; Thingwall 6.96x4.523 full pages and devices as in edition 1548, No. 31. Register: A-0 in 8s, P in 4=116 leaves or 232 pages; num- bered 1-226; index in 5 pages; blank 1 = 232 pages. Co7itents : pp. 1-6, title, Privilege, Ad Lectorem and Ad Ch. Peutingerum; pp. 7-226, ''Emblemata" 197, Arbores" 14; total, 2 T I. At the end 5 pages " Index Ernblematvm in locos commvnes digestorvm." The 211 devices are the same as in editions Nos. 44 and 45. Of the borders 41 bear the monogram P. V. M. Van der Helle's Catalogue, Paris 1868, No. 16 10, says : " Edition remarkable ; Nombreuses figures sur bois Exemplaire NON ROGNE." The editions with 211 emblems contain 98 more than the Paris edition 1540, and 127 more than the Venice edition 1546. 48. EMBLEMATA | D. A. Alciati, \ denuo ab ipfo Autore | recognita, ac, quae defi- | deraban- tur, imagini- | bus locupletata. | Accefferunt notia aliquot ab \ Autore Emblemata Stds quoq; I eiconibus injignita. \ (Bonhomme's medallion, Perseus holding Medusas head ; the legend, EK nONOT 'O BIOS.) Lvgd. apvd Mathi. | Bon- homme. I 55 I. I CVM PRIVILEGIO. The title border of the same allegorical type with the No. 47. Colophon : " Lugduni, | Excudebant Mathias Bonhomme." No. 50. I55I.]' Alciati's Emblem-books. 171 Collatioji copy : From Mr. Green, Knutsford. O^^er copies : At Milan Amb. and Verona. 8vo Vol., 7.03 in. x 4.72 ; fitll pages and devices of the same mea- surement as editions Nos. 31 and 47. Register : Exactly the same as in edition No. 47. Cojitents : Also exactly the same as in edition No. 47. Every page is bordered round, and many of the borders have the monogram P. V. The only difference to be observed, except on the title- pages, between editions Nos. 47 and 48 is in the borders to pages 225 and 226, which are in no respects the same. Indeed the borders of these pages in Bonhomme's Latin text of 155 I are not to be found in Roville's Latin text of the same date. Bonhomme, who printed both, has thus distinguished his own copies from those published by Roville. 49. Imprefe (diverfe) tratte dagli Emblemi di Alciato, et accommodate a diuerfe moralita per Gio. Marquale. Lione, per Guglielmo Rouillio, 1 55 1, i7i 4°, con ver/l, e figure!' lxviii. b. 49.] Authority : This title is thus given in Catalogus, Reg. Bibl. Bor- bon. Neapoli., vol. i. p. 53. Also, in the Bib. Casanab. Catalogiis, fol., Rome 1761, vol. i. p. 91, occurs the following notice : Eadetn cum imaginibus, italice paucis offiissis, ab anonymo translata, hac inscriptione : Diverse Im- prese .... nella Lingua Italiana .... non pili tradotte &c., in fol. Lione, Gul. Rovillio 155 1. m ii. 17." Neither of these authorities gives evidence of much care in quoting the title of Marquale's Italian version, the one naming it a qicarto, the other a folio ; yet it is not likely that the edition referred to was Roville's octavo of 155 1. 50- DIVERSE IMP RE' \ se Accommodate A \ diuerfe moralita con verfi \ che i loro fignificati dichia. \ rano infieme con molie al- \ tre nella 172 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 50. lingua I ta liana \ non piu tr ado tie. \ Tratte di gli Emblemi | dell' Alciato | (Roville's medallion, Eagle and serpent^ In Lione da Gvlielmo | ROVILLIO. I 55 I. I CON PRIVILEGIO. The title-border of the same allegorical type with No, 48. Colophon : II Fine. Collatiofi copy: From the Thingwall library. Other copies: At Althorp, Bologna, British Museum, Florence N., Keir, Milan Amb., Modena Pal., Strasbourg {fidt), Toulouse, Ulm, Wolfen- biittel, and Mr. Corser's. Named by Brunet, Graesse, Bernd, and Ducoin. 8vo Vol., 7.28 in.x\.()\ \ full pages and devices as in edition No. 41. Register: A-M in 83 = 96 leaves or 192 pages; numbered 1-191, and 1 blank=i92. Contents : pp. i, 2, title, and " Extraict du Priuilegele ix. d'Aoust, M.D.XLViii p. 3, " Al Sereniss. M. Francisco Donato lUustriss. Principe di Vinegia," "Giouanni Marquale;" p. 4, "Allettore" in 8 lines; pp. 5-180, "Emblemi," 181-191 "Arbori." The emblems are arranged according to subjects, there being of emblems 167, of trees 11, total 180; which is 31 less than in the Latin edition of the same date, but 44 more than in the Italian, Nos. 41 and 42, 1549. The devices are from the same blocks as the whole series of Lyons editions by Bonhomme and Roville ; several of the borders bear the letters P. V. The remarks on this edition from Graesse's Tresor, are : " It is an abridged or a free translation of the text in 191 pages, and comprises the fine engravings on wood, under which are found the explanations in Italian verses. This very rare edition is dedi- cated by Giov. Marquale to the doge Frans. Dona.^^ There exists a re-impression, Lione, (Rovillio) 1561 in 8°. In the return to our circular,^^ the National library of Florence observes, July 4th, 1870 : "Toutes les pages sont encadrees par des contours differents 59 An inaccuracy, — the name is Donato. ^ The circular being in French, nearly all the answers were in the same lan- guage ; and when greater exactness is required the original is quoted. No. 51. 155 1 •] Alciatis Emblem-books. 173 graves sur bois dans les quels on remarque des architectures, des figures, des masques et autres ornaments." And were it only out of a feeling of honour towards the old library of Strasburg, we would name the return penned within its walls so late as July 27th 1870, in which the librarian observes : "J'ai releve la marque de Graveur P. V. sur la bordure des planches : 7, 8, 39, 40, 43, 44, 51, 52, 55, 56, 57, 58, 63, 64, 67, 68, 71, 72, 73. 74, 77, 78, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, ii7, 118, 121, 122, 123, 124, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 141, 149, 150, 153, 154, 155, 156, 159, 160, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, et 174. "Toutes les pages i, 3, k 191 sent encadrees dans de riches bordures fort varie'es. Toute fois la meme se reproduit presque toujours sur le recto et le verso du meme feuillet. "Le chiffre des Emblemes est de 176, celui des arbres de 11, formant ensemble le nombre total de 187." After close examination of the collation copy, it appears that 180 is the true count of emblems in this edition. 51. DIVERSE I MP RE \ se Accommodate A \ diuerfe moralita, co7i verji \ che i loro fignificati dichia \ rano m/ieme con molte al- \ tre nella linguci Italiana \ non pin tradotte. \ Tratte da gli Em- blemi | delF Alciato. (Typographic mark, Perseus bearing Medusas head ; the motto, nONOT 'O BIOX.) In Lione da Mathias | BoNHOMME. 1 55 1. I Con Privilegio. The title is inserted in a border of allegorical figures. Colophon: IL Fine. Collation copy : In the Royal library of Dresden. Other copy : At Keir. 8vo Vol., 18.3 centim. x 12., or 7.2 Eng. X4.7 ; full pages, with borders and devices, as in edition No. 41. Register : A-M in 83 = 96 leaves or 192 pages; numbered 1-191; blank, i ', total, 192. 174 Bibliographical Catalog2ie. [No. 52. Contents : The same as in edition No. 50. To each page there is a richly ornamented border. The em- blems and trees together (169+ 11) make up 180. The borders of the plates, pp. 7, 12, 20, 29, 44, 55, 56, 58, 63, 64, 67, 68, 71-73. 77, 78, 84, 91-95, 100, 117, 118, 121, 124, 133-142, 149-154, 156-160, 169-174, bear the monogram P. V. (or V. p. icq) : all the other plates are without monograms. 52. [Alciat, English version. Lyons, 8vo, 1551.] Authoi'ity : A note by Francis Douce in his copy, A 317, of Alciati's Emblemata, Padua 1621, is the only testimony to the existence of such an English version, and that testimony rests on Ames, who compiled the Antiquities of English Printing. Douce's words are : " An English edition of Alciati's Emblems was printed at Lyons 155 1, 8vo. See Herbert's edition of Ames on English Printing, p. 1570." No where else have I found such a translation mentioned except on the same authority : it is not found in Watt's Biblioth. Bri- tannica. As however there were French, Spanish and Italian translations issued from Lyons at this time, why not an English translation ? 53. Emblemata D. A. | Alciati, Denvo ab | ipso AVTORE RECO- | GNITA DESI- | DERABANTVR, | Imaginibvs I LOCVPLE- | TATA | Accefferttut nova aliquot ab Autore. \ Emblemata fuis quoq; eico- nibvs i7t/ignita. | (Roville's device, A7t eagle Jla7tked by two serpents ; motto, "in virtvte et FoRTVNA.") LvGDVNi, Apud GuHelmum Ro- ' uillium 1 Sub Scuto Veneto. | 1552. | Cum'Pri- uilegio Regis. Collation copy : In the library of the town of Douai, Other copies : None have been heard of. It may be noted that the collating does not manifest much care. 1 2 mo Vol., 12,. centim. X or 5. 11 Eng. ^V?. X3.54; devices, . 6. centim. X 6.5, or 2.36 in. X 2.55. No- 55- >554-] Alciatts Emblem-books. 175 Register: Insufficiently taken 1 numbered pages, 226 ; the index not numbered, and i blank. Contents : p. i, title ; p. 2, Privilege du Roy ; p. 3, ad Lectorem ; p. 6, Praefatio ad Chon. Peutingerum; pp. 7-210, Emblemata ; pp. 213-226, Arbores ; without pagination, ^' Index Emblematum in locos communes digestorum." Observations : Borders in squares of two lines only, without engraver's mark. 54. CLARISSIMI | Vmi D. Andreae | Alciati Emble- I MATVM LiBRi | Dvo. | (Emblem, with the inscription, qvod tibi | fieri non | VIS, AlTERI I NE FECERIS.") LvGDVNI. | Apud loan Tornaefmm, & Gu- | lielmum Gazeium. | 1554- Colophon : An emblem with the inscription, " NESCIT LABI VIRTVS." Collation copy: In the public library of Munich. Other copies: Munich U., and Vienna I. Named hy Graesse and Weigel. 8vo Vol., 12.5 centim. x 7.8, or 4.92 Eng. in. X 3.07 ; ///// pages, 10. centim. X 5., or 3.93 in. X 1.96 ; devices, ^."j centim. X 5., or 1.45 in. X 1.96. Register: A-I in 8s = 72 leaves or 144 pages; numbered i- 143; unnumbered 1 = 144. Contents: p. i, title; p. 2, preface ; pp. 3-1 17, cxiii emblems, engravings with the text; pp. 1 18-143, Emblematum liber secun- dus, Nos. i-lxxxv without engravings; p. 144, in the middle of the page an emblematical figure. In Graesse's Trcsor the entry is : " Emblematum libri ii. Lugd. ap. J. Tornoesium et G. Gazeium, 1554, en 12°, av. figs, en bois." " Weigel attribue les gravures au Petit Bernard." Compare No. 54 with Nos. 29 and 40. 55. [''Alciati (A.) Emblemata. i2mo. Paris 1554."] Authority: "Symbola et Emblemata quce in Bibliotheca Bland- fordiense reperiuntur 1809," p. 3. 1 76 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No, 56. 56. LES I EMBLEMES | de M. Andre | Al- ciAT, I Traduits en ryme Frangoife par | Ian le Feure. | (Typographic mark, Two serpents, of zvhich one bites the head of the other, the tails being knotted together ; motto, ''qvod tibi | fieri NON I VIS, ALTERI I NE FECERIS/') | A LyON | PAR Ian De Tournes. | m.d.lv. Collation copy : In the library at Bale (by M. W. Vischer). Other copy : At Versailles. Named by Brunet. 8vo. Vol., 11.5 centim. X 7., or 4.52 Eng. Z;^. X 2.75 ; /till pages, about 10. centim. X 6.6, or-^.g^ in. x 2.59 ; devices, 3.6 centi^n. X 5. ; or 1.4 T i7t. X 1.96, Register: A-H in 83 = 64 leaves or 128 pages; numbered 1-127 ; blank 1 ; total 128. Contents : Exactly the same as in De Tournes' edition, Lyons 1548. See No. 33. By a mistake in printing page 3 is marked 5. 57. Alciat. Aneau's version. Lyons i6mo. 1555-"] Authority : In Mazzuchelli's Scrittori cf Italia, vol. i. p. 367, reference is made to a Lyons edition of 1555, with Aneau's French version ; if this is correct it would be a reprint of Roville's or of Bonhomme's edition of Aneau's version in 1549, for which see Nos. 38 and 39. It is possible Mazzuchelli may have been misinformed, and that the edition meant is De Tournes 1555, our No. 56. 58. FLORES | EPIGRAMMATVM | ex opti- Mis I QviBVSQVE | atitJioribus excerpti per Leo- \ degarium a Querm, \ Ad ilhiftrifjimum virum Robertum \ Lenuncurium cardinalem \ Tomvs Primvs. I LvTETiyE, I A pud Petrum Beguin, via jfacobcea, fib figno Tro- \ phei ante Mutheninos. I 1555- I CvM Privilegio Regis. No. 59. 1556.] Alciatis Emblem-books, 177 Collation copy: In the British Museum. Named by Brunet, vol. ii. col. 854. i6mo Vol., 3.75 in. x 3.12 ; full pages., 3.5 x 2.87. Register : There are 380 leaves, not pages, in the volume. Contents: On leaf % title; * z^, "Privilege du Roy;" * ij, "Ca- talogvs Avtorvm iij, " Illvstrissimo viro Roberto Lenuncurio Card. " Leodegarius a Quercu S. iiij, " In Flores Epigram- matum hendecasyllabi ;" ^ iiij " In Leodegarium a Quercu leaves 1-380, "Flores Epigrammatvm." The extracts are from various authors, celebrated for Latin verse, of which there are forty-five introduced into this volume, as Albutius, Angerianus, Politianus, Erasmus, &c. There is a sepa- rate heading for each author, though not always beginning on a fresh page. Of Alciati's emblems 112 have been selected, with their mottoes and Latin stanzas, but without devices. Leaves 180 to 195 inclusive, contain : " Epigrammata sumpta ex Andrea Alciato." In treating of Alciati's emblems, Bib. Casanab. Atidiffredi, Rome 1 761, vol. i. p. 94, remarks : " Et eorundem pleraque Exst. inter Flores Epigram, per Leode- garium a Quercu excerptos. Lutetiae 1555, tome i. a. car. 180, r. xii. 21." The name Leodegarius a Quercu, like Erasmus Deside- rius, Claudius Minos, &c., is one of the names of affectation common in the sixteenth century, and is properly Legier du Chesne. Several works bear his name.^^ He was born in Paris, and in 1556 was a professor in the college De Bour- gogne. He died in 1588. See Biog. [/7iiv.,vo\.xu. p. 107. 59. IN D. ANDREW | Alciati Emble- | mata svcciN- 1 eta commen- 1 tariola. | + | Sebaft. Stock- ha77iero \ Gerjnano ati- \ tore, \ Lvgdvni, | Apud loannem Tornaefium | & Gul. Gazeium. | 1556. There is a neat scroll-like border round the title. Colophon : " FiNis " above a D eat lis head. See Maittaire's Aniial. Typog., vol. iii. pp. 627, 682, 713, and 800,— the last entry being, "Tumulus Leodegarii a Quercu, Moral, Lutetice, 1588." N 1 78 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 60. Collation copy : From the Thingwall library. Of other copies no return made. See Graesse's Tresor, vol. i. p. 62. 24mo Vol., 4.72 in. X 2.83 ; ftdl pages, 2>'91 X 2. ; devices, 1.37 X 1.88. Register : a-i in 8s, k in 4= 76 leaves or 152 pages ; numbered 1-150; fmal 2 unnumbered= 152. Contents: p. i, title; pp. 3-5, "Magnifico, Generoso Atque illustri domino loanni Menesio Sotomaior, Domino in Cantanhedi," &c. " Seb. Stockhamerus Germanus S." " Ex Lusitaniae inclita Conymbricensi Academia Caled Mart, post virgineum partum Anno quinquagesimo secundo supra sesquimilesimum," i.e. 1552 ; p. 6, "In titulum libelli;" pp. 7-150, "Sebast. Stockhamerus in And. Alciati Emb. ; colophon. The emblems have Alciati's mottoes and devices, but not his Latin stanzas. The " commentariola " are in Latin. The devices are i-cxiii, and the Death's head ; they are neat little woodcuts, new for this edition. Among them a single one, emblem Ixxxiii, p. iii, bears the monogram H. B., which was used by Hans Bol, for whom consult p. 80 of our work. For a brief account of Seb. Stockhamer see p. 91. From the dedication of this edition it appears that in 1552 he was at the university of Coimbra in Portugal. 60. CLARISSIMI I ViRi D. And. | Alciati | Emblematvm I LIB. II. [ Nuper adieflis Seb. Stockha- I meri Germ, in primum li- | brum fuccindlis commen- | tariolis. | Lvgdvni | Apud loan. Tornsefmm & | Guliel. Gazeium. | 1556. There is a border of tracery around the title. Colophon: Entwined with the words "VIRVM DE MILLE VNVM REPERI. ECCLS. VII.", A laurel wreath; and within the wreath a hand and compasses above the motto, "QVOD TIBI FIERI | NON VIS ALTERI | NE FECERIS." Collation copy : From the library of J. M. Ormerod, esq. of Man- chester. Other copies: At Berne and in the British Museum. Nanied by Bernd and Weigel. No. 6i a. 1556.] Alciati s Emblem-books. 179 i6mo Vol., 4.8 in. x 2,75 ; full pages^ 3.85 x 2.04; devices, 1.37 X 1.88. Register: a-n in 8s, o in 4=108 leaves or 216 pages; num- bered 1-214; I blank; i colophon=2i6 pages. Conte?tts : p. i, title; p. 2, " Clariss. Viri D. And. Alciati in librum primum Emblematum praefatio, ad D. Chonradum Peutin- gerum Augustanum ;" pp. 3-5, "Magnifico" &c. as in No. 59, omitting " Ex Lusitaniae " &c.; p. 6, "Intitulumlibelli;" pp. 7-188, Andreae Alciati Emb. Lib. i. Emblemata i-cxiii; pp. 189-214, An- dreas Alciati Emblematum Liber Secundus, i-lxxxv ; p. (216), colophon as above. To each emblem of the first book are assigned Alciati's Latin text and a woodcut, and Stockhamer's Short Comment ; the second book gives Alciati's Latin text, but is without device or comment ; total emblems 198. The devices are 113, of which R. Weigel's Catalog 1844 re- marks : "Perhaps by B. Salomon, or Le Petit Bernard." Compare with No. 59, Catalogue, p. 177. 61. [''Les Emblemes de M. Andre Alciat. 8vo, Paris 1556."] Authority: Mazzuchelli's Scrittori d' Italia, vol. i. p. 367. See also Nos. 12, 22, 46 and 56 in the Catalogue. 61 a. ["Alciati Emblemata. 8vo. Rubeus, Ferrarice 1556."] Authority for the existence of such an edition of Alciati's em- blems is so very doubtful that, although it is mentioned, no addi- tional numeral of its own is prefixed, and it is not counted as one of the editions. It may however not be uninteresting to have its claim disproved. The passage has been adduced in its favour from the Catalogue du Roy, Paris 1750, Belles Lettres, vol. i. p. 154 : " Barthol. Riccii in quasdam Alciati latinas voces ab eo male perceptas, ad Camillum filium monita. Ferrarice, Franc. Rubeus, 1556, in 8°;" but this reference is not to a work by Alciati but to one by Riccii, warning his son Camillus of faults in the latinity of the emblems. A work of great research by the present librarian of Fer- rara, vol. i. p. 164, enumerates the " Simbolica "printed in 1 80 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 62. that city,^2 three in number, between 1545 and 1838, but Alciati's emblems are not one of the three. In a letter from him, May 1870, as to the Alciati editions in the library, which he notes down, he says : There is no other edition ; thus it remains that nowhere in the manuscript Typographical Annals of Baruffaldi is found men- tioned the Ferrarese edition of 1556, which in that case would be that of Francisco Rossi di Valenza, called Francisco Rubeus."^^ So this Ferrarese edition may be dismissed from our reckoning. 62. D. Andreae Alciati | . . . . Opera omnia, &c. &c. (see No. 35, p. 152.) Basileae, per Mich. | ISINGRINIVM. I 1558. (4 vols, folio.) At the end of tome iv. cols. 819, 820, "D. And. Alciati Emblematum Libellus." Collation copy: In the university library, Cambridge. Other copies : At Catana, Darmstadt D., Dresden R., Ferrara, Florence N., Leeuwarden and Strasbourg,//^//. Folio Vol., see No. 35, p. 152. Register : (For the emblems) eleveji pages; ox). signature MM mm 3-8, in double columns, " Emblematum Libellus." Contents: At the foot of the page, vol. iv. cols. 819, 820, " D. And. Alciati in libellum emblematum prsefatio ad Chonradum Peu- tingerum Augustanum," 10 lines Latin verse; the next 11 pages, " Emblematum libellus." See Catalogue, No. 35, p. 152. 63. Toutes {sic) les | emblemes | de M. Andre Alciat, I de nouueau traflatez en fran^oys | vers pour vers, louxte la | diftion latine : | et | ^2 See Notizie relative a Ferrara^ 2 vols, large 8vo, 1868, by Luigi Napoleone Cav. Cittadella, pp. 791, 479, and 164. The text of this part of the letter is : "Nessuna altra edizione ; anzi si rimarra che neppure negli annali tipografici manuscritti del Baruffaldi si trova notata la edizione ferrarese del 1556, che incaso sarebbe di Francesco Rossi da Valenza, stampatore ferrarese, detto Fr* Rubeus." No. 64. 1560-61.] Alciatis Emblem-books. 181 ordonnez en lieux communs, avec fommaires, infcri- | ptions, fchemes et briefues expofitios epimythiques, | felon I'allegorie naturelle, mo- rale, ou hiftorialle, | auec figures nouvelles ap- propriees aux der- | niers emblemes enuoyees par Tautheur, peu | avant fon decez, cy deuant non imprimees. | (Typographic mark, An eagle 071 a rock, and two serpents straighteiiing them- selves ; motto, In virtute | et fortuna.") | Lyon, I chez Guillaume Rouille. 1558. | Avec priui- lege du Roy. The collation paper has been followed as sent from Versailles. Collation copy : In the library, Versailles. Of other copies no return made. Named by Brunet, Bernd, Graesse and Mazzuchelli. i2mo Vol., 12. centiin. x 8. ; or 4.72 Eng. in. X 3.14 ; full pages, 1 1.3 centim. X 7.3 ; or 4.44 i7i. X 2.87 ; devices, 6.3 centivi. X 6. ; or 2.48 X 2.36. Register: A-R (return imperfect); pages numbered 276. Contents : Privilege du Roy, Paris 8 d'aout 1556; p. 3, "A tres Illustre prince Jacque, Conte d'Aran en Escoce;" pp. 6-13, Pre- face; p. 14, Preface d'Alciat ; pp. 15-257 {sic), Emblems; trees on 19 pages. For the full statement see Catalogue, No. 38, edition 1549. Mazzuchelli, Bernd and Graesse refer to this edition. Brunet, vol. i. col. 149, cites it as translated by Barth. Aneau ; and the Cat. du Roy, Paris 1750, vol. ii, p. 154, entitles it : " T511. Les emblemes d' Andre Alciat, de nouveau translatez en frangois vers pour vers, ordonnez en lieux communs, auec des expositions e'pimythiques, par Barthelemy Aneau, Lyon, Guil. Rouille, 1558, en 16''." 64. D. And. Alciati. | Opera omnia. (6 vols, folio.) LvGDVNi, 1 560-1 56 1."] 1 8 2 Bibliographical Catalogue, [No. 64. The emblems are in the sixth volume, namely : ''And. Alciati Juriscons. | Mediolanensis, Tractatus | Ora- tiones, Adnotationes | in C. Taciturn, Emblemata. | Tomi Sexti Pars unica, | Lugduni 1560." At the end of the sixth volume, leaf 335 : "Emblemata Andreae Alciati, denvo ab ipso avtore recog- nita, ac, qvae desiderabantur, imaginibvs locupletata. Ac- ces sennit 7ioua aliquot ab Alitor e Emblemata suis quoque eiconibus insignita. ' ' Colophon : *' Lvgdvni, Petrvs Fradin excudebat. M.D.LX." Collation copy : In the library of the British Museum. Other copies : At Rennes (only vols. i. and ii.), and in the library of M. Bethune of Bruges. Named by Brunet and Graesse. Folio Vol., 14.17 ^V/. x 9.33 ; full pages ^ 12.2x6.49; devices, about 2.56 X 2.48. Register: In the 6th vol., on leaves 3347^-354, are 20^ leaves or 41 pages, which are occupied by emblems; the colophon is on leaf 354 V. Cojitefits : On leaf 334 " Candido Lectori Pardulphus Prateius lurisconsultus Augusto-buconias ;" " Lugduni quarto Nonas lulias M.D.Lix. ;" on leaf 335, "Praefatio ad Chonradum Peutingerum Augustanum;" on leaves 335-354, "Andreae Alciati Emblemata;" on leaf 345 v, the colophon. Each of the 211 emblems has a motto, a device, and a Latin " stanza. The " Vespertilio " being given but once, and another emblem being without a woodcut, the devices are only 209 in number. They are among the very best of the kind. The collation copy is in the binding of the early part of the seventeenth century ; at the back of the volumes, at the top is the royal crown, at the bottom the initials I. R., i.e. Jacobus Rex ; on the cover, front and back, are the royal arms, and at the corners the fieur-de-lis. N.B. By a slight inaccuracy Mr. Yates quotes this Lyons edition as if there had been a Milan edition of the same date. He is speaking of the German translation of the first emblems Pierre Fradin of Lyons was the son or successor to Constantine Fradin of the same city, whose printer's device, Brunet, vol. iii. col. 842, gives under the date 1520 : Costatine in hoc signo vices." ^ See his Sketch of Books of Emblems, Liverpool 1848, p. 22, No. 66. 1561.] Alciatis Emblem-books. 183 published in Paris in 1542, and says : "See preface to these pub- lished in Ale. Opera Mediol. 1560." But no other trace has been met with of such an edition, and consequently no Milan edition, 1560, has been entered in this Catalogue. 65. [ Flores epigrammatum ex optimis qui- bufque audloribus excerpti per Leodegarium a Quercu. LuteticB^ apud Hieron. de Marne/j 1569, en 16°. Tome i*"' "] Authority : The title is taken from Brunet's Mamiel 1861, vol. ii. col. 354 ; where it is stated that it was followed by a second vo- lume, Farrago poematum^ &c. Paris, ^gid. Gorbius, or Guil. Cavellat, 1560, in i6mo. In our Catalogue, No. 58, p. 176, it may be seen that, under the name of Leodeg. a Quercu, Legier Du Chesne published in his Flores epigrammatiLin, 1 1 2 of Alciati's em- blems, but without devices. 66. Emblemes d'Alciat en La | tin et Frangois, vers povr vers. Ordo7i7iez en lieux communs, auec brief ues expojitions & figures propres. Auec la table d'iceux, mife a la fin. (Printer's device,^^ Pelican and young; motto, "in me mors, IN ME VITA.'') A Paris, chez Hierofme de Mar- nef^ a Pen/eigne du Pelica7z, mont S. Hilaire, 1561. Colophon: griffin, stone and ivinged hall ; motto, "Vir- tvtis et Glories Comes Invidia. ^ This device of the Pelican appears on a title-page, Paris 1520, as the mark of Geofifroy de Marnef (see Brunet, vol. i. col. 810) ; and of Jean and Enguil- bert de Marnef; and for the last two in 1536, with the motto, "EXIMII AMORIS TYPVS," 1 84 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 67. Collation copy : From the library at Keir. Other copies : At Besan^on, Mazarine (Paris), and Munich Pub. Named in Bernd's List, and in the Cat. du Roy, Paris 1750, Belles Lettres, vol. ii. p. 154, No. 151 1 {bis). i6mo Vol., 4.72 Z;^. x 2.87 j fitll pages, 3.85x1.96; devices, about 1.37 X 1,81. Register: A-Q in 83= 128 leaves or 256 pages; numbered 1-245 ; index 9 pages; blank i, and colophon = 256. Contents: p. i, title; p. 2, "Bibliopola Lectori S.;" pp. 3,4, Preface to Peutinger; pp. 5-245, Emblemes ; on 9 pages, "Index Emblematum in locos communes digestorum ;" colophon. The devices are 130 only, including the trees; the emblems are the usual number, 211. A French exposition is added as well as a French version. 67. CLARISSIMI I viRi D. And. | Alciati | Em- BLEMATVM | LiB. II. | Nupcr adie6lis Seb. Stock- ha I meri Germ, in primum li | brum fuccinftis commen | tariolis. | Lvgdvni, | Apud loan. Tor- naefmm, & | Guliel. Gazeium. | 1561. The title is within a pretty scroll-hke border as in Nos. 59 and 60, Colophon: The same in device and mottoes edition 1556, Catalogue No. 60. Collation copy : In the Bodleian library, Oxford. Other copies : At Bale, Darmstadt D., and Dresden R. i6mo Vol., 4.72 iji. x 2.95 ; fnll pages and devices, as in edition 1556, No. 60. Register: 216 pages, as in edition 1556, No. 60. Contents: pp. 1-6, exactly as in edition 1556, No. 59; pp. 7- 216, as in edition 1556, No. 60. Emblems are 198, devices 113, as in edition 1556, No. 60. See Douce's note, quoted in edition 1547, No. 29. Also com- pare this edition, No. 67, with editions Nos. 29, 59, and 60. 68. Les I EMBLEMES | de M. Andre | Alciat] Traduits en ryme Frangoifel par lean le Feure. | (Printer's device; motto, "vbertas | in pace.") ] No. 69. 1564.] Alciatts Emblem-books. 185 A Paris, | Par lean Ruelle demeurant a la Rue I fain6l laques, a Tenfeigne | fain6l Nico- las. I 1562. Colophon : A lozenge-shaped ornament of tracery. Collation copy : From the Hbrary at Thingwall. Other copies not known. 24mo Vol., 4.13 ifLX^.o"]; full pages, 3.74X2.16; devices, 1.29 X 1.96. Register: A-E in 83 = 40 leaves or 80 pages, unnumbered. Co7itents : Sig. A i, title; A ij, "Preface dv Livret des Bigar- reures du luysant homme Andre Alciat, faicte a maistre Conrad Peutingere d'Auspurg," in 14 lines of French verse; " L'Actevr des translations," stanza of 8 lines ; A iij-F 8, Emblemes d'Alciat. The emblems, in number 108, have each a Latin and a French motto, and a French translation, generally with a device to every third emblem. The devices number only 36; they are small woodcuts of little worth, except for neatness. Compare the contents with those of edition 1536, No. 10. Some have attributed the woodcuts to Jollat, — " maitre au globe renversd ;" see however Life of Alciat i, pp. 65, 66, and 8r. 69. EMBLEMES | d'Alciat, | De nouueau tranf- latez en | Francois vers pour vers | iouxte les Latins. | Ordomiez en lieux communs aitec \ briefues expojitmis, & Figit \ res notmelles ap- propriies \ aux derniers Emblemes. \ A Lyon, PAR GVILL. I ROVILLE. | M.D.LXIIII. Within the usual emblematical border, since edition 1549, No. 38. ColopJwn : " Fin." Collatio7i copy : In the library of Mr. Caiitley. Other copies not known. 8vo Vol. ; bound with edition 1550, No. 44; full pages, 6.37 in. X 3.93 ; devices, 2.36 X 2.44. Register: A-R in 8s =136 leaves or 272 pages; numbered 1-267; unnumbered 5 = 272. Contents: pp. 3, 4, " Epistre a tres-illustre Prince laques Conte d'Aran," &c. ; Barptolemy Aneau Salut ;" " De Lyon ce 3 de 1 86 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 70. lanuier 1548;" pp. 5-12, Preface; p. 13, "Le Livre," a French stanza of 4 lines, " En translatat vers pour vers," &c. ; p. 14, Pre- face &c. "a Chpnrad Peutinger d'Avsbovrg;" pp. 15-248, Em- blemes; pp. 249-267, Arbres ; on 5 pages, Tables des Emblemes, &c. The emblem-subjects are 185, the tree-subjects 18. For the emblems 170 devices, for the trees 14; total 184. There are borders to every page, many bearing the old monogram P. V. See Alciati's Life, pp. 67-69, and Cata- logue, Nos. 36, 41, 42, 45, 48, 50 and 51. 70. D. And. \ ALCIATI EMBLE- | mata denvo AB I ipfo Autore recognita, ac | quae defidera- bantur, ima- | ginibus locupletata. | Accejferunt noua aliquot ab\ Autore E7nbleniata fuis quoque\ eiconibits injignita. \ Lvgdvni, | apvd \ Gvliel- MVM I ROVILL, I M.D.LXmi. Within almost the same border as in the editions of 1551, Nos. 47 and 48. Collation copy : From the Thingwall library. Other copies : At Augsburg, Berlin I., Munich Pub., and Verona. 8vo Vol., 7.48 in. x 4.52 ; full pages and devices, as in Nos. 36, 32, 31- Register: A-0 in 8s, P in 3 = 115 leaves or 230 pages; num- bered 1-226; final 4 unnumbered = 232. Contents : pp. 3-5, "Ad Lectorem;" p. 6, ^' Prsefatio ad Chon. Peut. August.;" pp. 7-226, Emblemata; on 3 final pages, "Index Emblematvm," &c. The emblems are all within ornamental borders, of which at least 30 bear the monogram P. V. To many emblems are ap- pended short notes or observations. The devices are from the same blocks as in the editions of 155 1, Nos. 47 and 48 ; in which however are several new ones that were not in the editions of 1548, Nos. 31 and 32. At p. 143 the plate differs from that on the same subject in edition 1548, p. 107. At p. 114, edition 1548, are a plate and subject not in edition 1564. There are two or three other similar variations. No. 72. 1565.] Alciatis Emblem-books. 187 71. DIVERSE IMPRE- | se accommodate a | diuerfe moralita, converfi | che i loro fignificati dichia | rano infieme con molte al- | tre nella lingua Italiana | non piu tradotte. | Tratte da gli Emblemi | dell' Alciato. | In Lione, | ap- PR ESS 0 I GVLIELMO | ROVIL | LIO. | M.D.LXIIII. With the same ornamented border as edition 1551, No, 50. Colophon : IL FINE. Collation copy : From the library at Thing^vall. Other copies : At Keir, Catana, and Verona. Named by Brunet and Graesse. 8vo Vol., 7.36 in. x 4.33 ; full pages and devices, as in edition 1551, No. 50. Register: A-M in 83 = 96 leaves or 192 pages; numbered 1-T91 ; the final page blank=i92. Contents: p. 3, "Al Sereniss. M. Francisco Donato Illustriss. Principe di Vinegia," " Seruitor di V. Sublimita Giouanni Mar- quale pp. 4, " Al Lettore," a stanza of 8 lines ; pp. 5-180, " Em- blemi," as classified; pp. 181-191, Arbori. As in editions 1549, 155 1, &c., Nos. 41 and 47, there are orna- mented borders to the emblems. Of emblems there are 169, of trees 1 1 = 180, The devices amount to 180, of which 43 are not in edition 1549, No. 41.^7 The plates at pp. 107 and 147 of edition 1549 are different from those at pp. 129 and 170 of this 1564 edition, No. 71. The monogram P. V. is on 3 1 of the borders. The previous editions of Marquale's Italian version are 1549 hi?,, and 155 1 ires ; i.e. Nos. 41, 42, 49, 50 and 51. 72. EMBLEM ATVM I CLARissiMiviRi D. | Andrew Alciati I LiBRi II. I In eadem fuccin6la commen- tariola, nunc | multo, quam antea, caftigatiora & «7 Namely, those on pp. 48, 51, 53, 57, 58, 62, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 75, 76, 78, 79, 82, 83, 86, 87, 88, 89, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 113, "4, "6, 123, 124, 125, 126, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 139, 140, 142, 143 and 144. 1 88 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 72. longe I locupletiora, Sebaftiano Stockhamero | Germano, au6lore. | (Plantin's device, Hand and circle ; motto, ''labors et const antia.") Antverpi^. I Ex officina Chriftophori Plantini. | cb.io.lxv. jcVM PRIVILEGIO. Colophon : " ExcvDEBAT Christo- I PHORVS Plantinvs, I Antverpi^." Collation copy : From the library of Keir. Of other copies no return made ; though named by Bernd, vol. i. p. 80 ; R. Weigel, No. 2 1 165 ; Cat. dii Roy, Paris 1750, vol. ii p. 154, No. 1500; and Mazzuchelli, vol. i. 24mo Vol., 4.48 X 2.91 ; full pages, 3.62x1.96; devices, 1. 41 X 1.83. Register: Initial 8 pages unnumbered; 1-229 numbered; final 3 pages, blank, colophon and blank = 240 pages. Conteiits : On A, Title; A?7, "Tenor Privilegii," ''Bruxelles xxvi Maij, Anno Domini m.d.lxiiii;" on A2, Dedication, " Magnifico, Generoso, atque illustri domino Joanni Menesio Sotomaior, do- mino in Cantanhide, &c., Seb. Stockhamerus Germanus S. D. ;" on A4, " Clarissimi Atque seterni nominis viri D. Andreae Alciati, &c., ad eximium atque egregie doctum D. Conradum Peutin- gerum," &c. ; pp. 1-204, And. Alciati Emb. Lib. i. ; pp. 205-229, And. Alciati Emb. Lib. ii. ; colophon. Like Stockhamer's editions 1556, No. 60, and 1561, No. 67, this edition has 198 emblems, and only 113 devices, — simple little woodcuts; which Weigel's Kimst-Catal., No. 21 165, says ^' are different from the woodcuts in the other Plantinian editions." It is singular that this edition is not named in the Plan- tinian Annals, 1865, pp. 43-52, where twenty-seven works' are quoted for the year 1565. Plantin's time-honoured device, The compass-giciding hand of divine Providence, still surmounts the printing-house which he founded at Antwerp, and still in 1871 remains the property of his descendants, the Moreti, who rank among the nobles of Belgium. Here VICTORIA herself has worked the ancient press, for which Arias Montanus, Justus Lipsius, Francis Raphaleng, and others, were readers and No. 74. 1566.] Alciati s Emblem-books. correctors. Plantin died in 1589, leaving three daughters, each of whom was married to a celebrated printer ; Mar- garet to Francis Raphaleng of Leyden ; Martine to John Moretus of Antwerp ; and Jane to Gilles Begs of Paris.^^ 73. EMBLEMATVM IcLARissiMi viRi D. [Andrew Alciati I Libri ii. | In eadem succincta commen- tariola, nunc multo, | quam antea, caftigatiora & longe locupletiora, | Sebaftiano Stockhamero Germano, au6lore. | Antverpi^. | Ex officina Chriftophori Plantini. | ciD.iD.lxvi. | CVM privilegio. Colophon ; " Excud. Chrift. Plantinus, Antverpiae, xiii. Kal. Novemb. anno M.D.LXVI." Collaiioii copy : In the Imperial library of Berlin. Other copies : At Aarau, Besan^on and Siena. Named in the Ann. Plantin.^ p. 64, and in the Bland ford Catalogue. 24mo Vol. The measurements not returned. See No. 72. Register : There are 250 pages. Contents : Not returned. See edition 1565, No. 72. 73 a. [" Emblematum, &c. 24mo. Tornaesius, 1566."] Authority : R. Weigel's Catalog.^ Leipzig 1544, No. 13373, is said to name an edition by Tornoesius, Lugd. 1566; but the evi- dence is not conclusive enough to admit such an edition to be counted independendy in this catalogue. Should not Weigel's date be 1556 1 See Nos. 59 and 60. 74. Liber Emblematvm | D. ANDREW AL- jciATi, NVNC DENVO | COLLATIS EXEMPLARIBVS | multO caftigatior quam vnquam | ante hac editus. ^"^ For a fuller account consult the Facsimile Rep7'i7it of WhiUiey>'s Emblems, 1866, pp. 266-269, and 269-271. Also consult Maittaire's Typog. Hagse- Comitum, 1 722, vol. iii. pp. 545-552, iox Biographical Notices oi Christopher Plantin; vol. iii, pp. 557, 558, of Francis Raphaleng; and vol. iii. p. 559 of Plantin's widow and the Moreti. 1 90 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 74. I&unfttiuc!) I ^nlicee ^Ici'ati ton Sl^e^lartti \sti \ Dec lElecl)ten 2DD(tom/ alien lidilialiem dec | frepenl&unft/ aticl) Sl^alecn (15oltifcljmitien / Leiden | fticSem und BilDljauVDern / jet^ und \\x Conderm nut| und I gebrauc^ lierteutrcljt and an ^m, geben / durclj 3|ece'-/miam l^eld lion iPoudingen / mit fc^bnen / lielv- 1 Ifcljen / neutoen / feunftreidjen Jfipt^^^^ I ffe^iect «nd gelieCTert | (A slight ornament) ^ft Ebm=1^e^f> 9^t. ifrepljeiting:e0 | Ijeu jaren nicljt nacl) \\x drucken | (15edniclu \\x jfranckfurt am I 9pa^n | m.d.lxvi. ColopJioii : (I5edmcfet \\x jf ranclifurt am | ^a^n / liep (Beorg; laaben/ in liei:= | lepnn; feigimund jfepralient^ tind | »)imDn 1^Uter0. | (The device.) M.D.LXVII. Collation copy: From the library at Keir. Other copies: At Berlin I., Bologna Arch,, Copenhagen R., and Munich Pub. The edition is named by Graesse, Weigel and Bernd. 8vo Vol., 6.7 //z. X3.54; full pages, 4.92 x 2.59 ; devices, 1.77 i7i. to 2.04 X 2.59. Register: Initial 13 leaves unnumbered; theni-130 numbered; final 7 unnumbered; total, 150 leaves or 300 pages. Contents: OnAiiin lo pages "Vorrede," " Dem Ehrnvesten Hochgelehrten Ehrewurdigen vn Wolweisen Raymundo Graff der Rechten Doctorn Nassau-wischen Wissbadischen Rihtmeinen gun- stigen Herrn," " in demjar vnser Erlosung 1566," " Jeremias Held." In 13 pages, " Vorrede an dem Giinstigen Leser," "Anno 1566, ex Musseo Sigismundi Feyerabent." Leaves i - 130 " Emblemata ;" in 6 pages, " Index Emblematum ; " in 6 pages, " Register ober die Emblemata;" i p. Errata; i p. colophon. The emblems, i-ccxvii (a misprint), have German mottoes and verses as well as Latin, but all the emblems have not mottoes. The devices, 130 only, are in appearance from original blocks; the woodcuts are very pretty. Of this edition and of its reprint in 1580, Graesse remarks : "The figures in wood are from the hand of Virg. Solis." This is confirmed by R. Weigel, who adds : " They were not known to Bartsch." Of Held's translation an example is given in the Life of Alciati, p. 61. A biography of Held himself I have not yet met with. No 76. 1566.] Alciatzs Emblem-books. 191 75. D. AND. I Alciati Emble | mata Denvo AB I ipfo Autore recognita, ac | quae defideraban- tur, ima- | ginibus locupletata | AcceJ/ertmt noua aliquot ab \ Autore Emblemata/uis qiidque\ eiconibtts injignita. \ Lvgdvni | apvd [ Gvliel- mvn I Rovill. | m.d.lxvi. The title and all the pages are surrounded by borders of engravings on wood. Colophon : FiNIS. Collatmi copy: In the public library, Munich. Other copies: At Berlin I., Gotha D., Keir, Lucca, Modena Pal., Munich U., and Saragossa U. 8vo Vol., 18,1 centim. x 12.2, or 7.12 Eng. m. x 4.8 ; ///// pa^^es and devices, as in the earlier editions, Nos. 31, 32, 47, 48. &c. Register: A-O in 8s, P 4=116 leaves or 232 pages; numbered 1-226; unnumbered 5 ; blank 1 = 232. Contents: pp. 3-5, "Ad Lectorem ;" p. 6, "Ad Ch. Peutinge- rum ;" pp. 7-212, Emblems 197 ; pp. 213-226, Trees 14; on 5 pages, Index. The emblems are 211; the devices, also 211, from the old blocks ; the impressions poor. 76. OMNIA I D. And. Alciati | Emblemata | AD OvAE SiNGVLA, PRAETER | coiicinnas acutafque infcriptiones, lepidas & ex- | preffas imagines, ac caetera omnia, quae | prioribus noftris editionibus cum ad | eorum diflindlionem, tum ad I ornatum & correctionem | adhibita contine- bantur, | Nunc primum perelegantia perfiibtilidq; adiecta funt \ ETIIMTGIA, quibus Emblemattm ampli- I tudo qitaecunq; in iis dubia sunt \ aut ob/cura, tanquam p erf pi- \ cuis illujlrantur. (Typographic mark, A^i eagle seated on a globe ^ 192 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 77. with two serpents having their heads approaching the eagle; on the left, ''in virtvte on the right, "ET FORTVNA.") LvGDVNi, | Apud GuHelmum Rouillium, | Sub fcuto Veneto. | 1566. Collation copy : In the library at Bale. Other copies not acknow- ledged ; but the edition is named by Brunet, vol. i. p. 148, and is in Bernd's list. 8vo Vol., 12.3 centim. x 8., or 4.84 Eng. in. x 3.14 ; /nil pages, 10.8 centim. x 6.6, or 4.25 in. X 2.59 ; devices, 5.5 cetitim. to 6.2 X 6,3 to 6.5, or 2.16 i7i. to 2.44 X 2.48 to 2.55. Register: A-R in 85=136 leaves or 272 pages; numbered 1-260; unnumbered 9; blank 3 = 272 pages. CoJitents: pp. 3-5, " Ad Lectorem ;" p. 6, " Praefatio ad Ch. Peutingerum ;" pp. 7-238, Emblems; pp. 239-260, Trees; on 9 pages, " Index Emblematvm." 77. Emblemata I ANDREW ALCIA- | ti, I. V. DocTORis Claris- | simi. Postremo ac Vlti- Mo AB I ipfo authore recognita, imaginibufq; vi- 1 uis ac lepidis denuo artificiofif- 1 fime illufhrata. | Adiecta svnt insvper perele- I gantia ac docta Epimythia, feu affabulationes, in \ quibus Emble- matum amplitudo & qucs in iis \ dubia vel ob- fcura flint, perfpictie \ declarantur. (Feyera- bend's device. Fame with a trumpet in each hand.) Francofvrti ad Moenvm | m.d.lxvii. Colophon: " Impressvm Francofvrti | ad Moenvm, APVD Georgivm Cor- | uinum, fiimptibus Sigifmundi Feyej'abendt \ & Simonis Hiiteri!' (The device of the title-page repeated.) M.D.LXVII. Collation copy : From the library at Keir. Other copies : At Berlin I., British Museum, Copenhagen R., Darmstadt D., Dres- den R., Edinburgh,? Einsiedeln, the Hague R., Munich Pub. and No. 78. 1567.] Alciatts Emblem-books. 193 U., Stuttgart R., and Vienna I. Named hy Bernd 1830, p. 80; Weigel, No. 19464; Cat. du Roy^ vol. ii. p. 154, No. 1502. 8vo Vol., 6.14 in. x 3.93 ; full pages ^ 5. X 2.67 ; devices, 2.08 x 2.67. Register: Initial 8 leaves, including title; then 209 leaves ; colo- phon I leaf; total 218 leaves or 436 pages. Contents: At a 2 in 8 pp., "Epistola Nuncupatoria ;" "Virtute et profundarum rerum cognitione ornatissimo viro, Domino Ste- phano Pruhtal, in clarissima Republica Norimbergensi Arithmeticae & Orthographiae professori publico, domino & amici sui obser- uando;" "Datae Francoforti ad Moenum 15 Martij 1567;" "Sigis- mundus Feirabend Bibliopola." In 6 pp., " Index Emblematvm ;" folio 1-209, "Andreae Alciati Emb. ;" colophon and blank. The emblems, numbered i-ccxi, have the usual titles or mottoes, devices and Latin stanzas, but each is followed by a " Svmma." The arrangement, differing from most of the former editions, is like that of the Frankfort Latin and German 1566, No. 73. The devices, 128 only, are from the same blocks as the German and Latin edition 1566, but do not agree with them either in the number or the numbering. The South Kensington Art Catalogiiey vol. i. p. 15, and R. Weigel, No. 19464, attribute the woodcuts to Virg. So- lis, but both enumerate 194 devices. Weigel says : "They were unknown to Bartsch." M. Van der Helle's Catalogiiey Paris 1866, No. 161 1, speaks of a copy "ornamented with charming figures on wood." 78. Emblematvm | clarissimi viri D. | Andrew Al- CATi (sic) I LiBRi II. I Addita funt aliquot in altero | libro figurae. | (Plantin's device and motto ^ Ant- VERPm. I Ex officina Chriftophori Plantini. | cb.b.lxvii. I CvM Privilegio. Colophon : " EXCVDEBAT ChrISTO- | PHORVS PLANTINVS | ANTVERPIiE." Collation copy : From the library, Thingwall. Other copy : At Verona. Named in Cat du Roy, vol. ii. p. 154, No. 1501. i6mo Vol., 4.64 /«. X3.14; full pages, 3.74x2.16; devices, 1.37 X 1.88. o 194 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 79. Register : A-K in 8s = 80 leaves or 160 pages ; numbered 1-158; last leaf unnumbered = 160 pages. Contents: p. 2, "Svmma Privilegii," "Data Bruxellae xxvi Maij Anno Domini m.d.lxiiii p. 3, " Clarissimi viri D. Andreae Al- ciati in svorvm Emblematum libros praefatio ad eximium atque egregie doctum D. Chonradum Peutingerum virum patricium," &c.; the Latin stanza of 10 lines, "Ad D. Chonradum Peutingerum Augustanum;" pp. 3-1 16, "Emblematvm Liber primvs," Emb. i-cxiii; pp. 1 17-158, "Emblematvm Liber secvndvs," Emb. i-lxxxv. To book i. there are 109 devices; to book 11. only 22. The 198 emblems have each of them a motto and stanza in Latin ; and 131 of them have devices. For the 131 devices many of the wood-blocks were the same as were used in the Antwerp editions 1565, No. 71; 1566, No. 72; and in the Paris edition 1562, No. 67. To the collation made in Verona, July 4th 1870, is ap- pended this observation : " Dans le i^' livre les Nos. Iv, Ixi, Ixxxiiii, xc des emblemes manquent des figures, et dans le 2 livre on ne compte que 23 figures parmi les 85 emblbmes qui y sont registres." Though the Aimales Plantiniennes 1865, under the year 1567, names five other emblem-books printed by Plantin, this edition of Alciati has been omitted. 79. Les Emblemes d*Alciat .... {A man s trans- lation.) Paris, 8vo. 1570.'*] Authority: This edition is recorded in Bernd's Allg. Schriften- kunde, vol. i. p. 81. Probably it may have proceeded from De Marnef's press; see No. 65. 80. Les I EMBLEMES iDE M. ANDRE | ALCIAT. | Traduits en rithme Fran9oife par Jean de Feure. | (Typographic mark, A cartouchey surrowtded by a double ring formed by two ser- pents ; motto, *'QVOD TIBI FIERI NGN VIS ALTERI No. 8i. 1571.] Alciatis Emblem-books. 195 NE FECERIS.") A LyON, ] PAR JeAN DE ToVRNES, | IMPRIMEVR DV RoY. | M.D.LXX. Colophon: None. Collatio7i copy : In the library of H. R. H. the due d'Aumale 27th June 1870. Other copy : At the Dresden R. i6mo Vol., 11.2 ceiitwi. x 7.1, or 4.4 Eng. in. x 2.79 ; full pages ^ 8. cefttim. x 6., or 3.14 X 2.36 ; device plates ^ 3.7 centim. X 5, or 1,45 in. X 1.96. Register: A-H in 85 = 64 leaves or 128 pages; numbered 1-127; i?;/^ blank = 128 pages. Contents: pp. 3-9, "A tres haut & puissant Seignevr, Mon- seignevr, Messire Philippe Chabot, Chevalier de I'ordre .... Jean de Feure Secretaire de Monseigneur le reverendissime Cardinal de Giury, dit humble salut. ;" p. 10, " L'acteur des translations;" p. II, "Preface dv Livret des Bigarreures du luysant homme Andre Alciat, faicte k maistre Conrad Peutinger d'Auspurg ;" pp. 12-127, Emblems ex. Observations : The woodcuts are not encompassed by borders. The figures are in the style of Le Petit Bernard. No monogram or engraver's mark. 81. Omnia And. Alciati emblemata, cum enar- ratione Claud. Minois, excerpta ex ej'ufdem in eadem emblemata commentariis. Parijiis, Dion, a Prato. 1571, in 4to."] Authority: The Cat. du Roy, Paris 1750, Belles Lettres, vol. ii. p. 154, No. 1503. Also M. Cocheris, of the Mazarine library, Paris, 21st May 1870, mentions that a copy of this edition is there. Brunet, vol. i. col. 148, speaking of the Paris 4to edition 1571, says : "Qui a ete re-impr. k Anvers, en 1574, en 1577, et en 1584, en i6°." And Graesse's Tresor de Livres raves et precieicXy vol. i. p. 62 : " La meilleure Edition des Embl^mes d' Alciat, commentes par CI. Mignault et publics aussi : Paris 157 1, en 4° ; Antv. 1574, 196 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 82. 1582, en 16°; 1577 en 8° (2^th. R. Weigel.)" "Le graveur est connu par le monogramme A (Adam van Oort ?)" These editions are important steps in showing how the designs for the figures, if not the woodcuts themselves, passed from Paris to Antwerp.^9 82. D. ANDREiE | Alciati | Mediolanesis | Ivre- coNSVLTi Clarissimi Lvcv- | brationvm I vs civile ET I PoNTiFicvM. I Tomus VI. et ultimus, | Quo Commentaria in Pandectarvm Codicis, et de- CRE- 1 TALIVM, aliquot TituloSy tertia abhinc pagina enumera- \ tos comprehendMntur \ et | Emblematvm libelivs ab Au6lore poftremum recognitus, et Emble- | matibus nonnullis au6lus. | (Printer s device, A palm; motto, **palma gvar/') Ba- siLEiE. Anno m.d.lxxi. Colophon: "BASILE.E, | per Thomam Gvarinvm anno SALVTIS HUMAN.E, | CID.IO. LXXI." The whole work is in six folio volumes, of which vol. 6 contains the emblems. Collation copy : In the library of Rimini, 4th August 1870. Other copies : Bale, Cambridge U., Konigsberg, and Pisa U. Named by Brunet, vol. i. col. 149. Folio Vol., 37.5 centim. X 24.5, or 14-76 Eng. in. X 9.64. Every page is in double columns, and the emblems are mide, or without figures. Contents: At columns 1230-1260, "Clarissimi Viri Andreae Alciati in Librum primum Emblematum Praefatio ad Chonradum Peutingerum Augustanum then, " Emblemata | Andreae Alciati | Ab ipso Auctore recognita, ac | novis aliquot Emblematibus aucta." N.B. The return from the library at Bale dates the edi- tion 1570. See our Life of Alciati^ pp. 83, 84, 87, for remarks on Dion a Prato's edition, 1571. No. 84. 1573.] Alciatts Emblem-books. 197 83. D. And. Alciati Emblemata Lugd. Rovillius. 8vo, 1572/'] Authority : In a return from Einsiedeln by M. T. G. Morel, the librarian there, are included returns from several other libraries of Switzerland, and among them one from Besangon in France. This library at Besangon he credits with possessing the above-named edition of Alciati's emblems. No where else acknowledged. 84. Omnia | ANDREW | ALCIATI V. C. | Em- blemata I Adiectis coMMENTARiis | & fchoHis, in quibus Emblematum | ferme omnium aperta origine, mens | audloris explicatur, & obfcura omnia, | dubiaque illuftrantur ; | Per Clavdivm MiNoiM I Diuionenfem. | (Plantin s device and motto.) Antverpi^, | Ex officina Chrifhophori Plantini, | Architypographi Regii. | m.d.lxxiii. Collation copy : From the library at Thingwall. Other copies : At S. Gall, and Munich Pub. Naincd by Brunet and Mazzuchelli. i6mo Vol., 4.72 in. x 2.9 ; /z/// pages, 3.93 X 2.16 ; devices, 1.37 X 1.38. Register : A-Z and a-m in 8s, ^ 8 and ^ 7 = 295 leaves or 590 pages; 1-559 numbered; final 31 not numbered = 59o pages. Contents : p. 2, " Svmma Privilegii ;" pp. 3-9, " Reuerendo in Christo patri ac D. D. Annse Coenobii benigniani Diuion. & Pul- teriarum Antistiti meritiss. Clavdivs Minos S.," Lutetice Calend. Decembr. 1571;" pp. 10-12, Greek and Latin complimentary verses; pp. 13-28, "Clavdivs Minos Divionensis, Lectori stu- dioso & candido;" pp. 29-32, " Qvid Emblema sit, & quae eius ratio;" pp. 33-36, Alciat's preface with comments; pp. 37~52o, "Emblemata cum commentariis ;" pp. 521-559, " Additio ad com- ment, in Emblemata;" p. (560), " Christoph. Plantinvs CI. Minoi suo," " Antverpise Postrid. Iduum Septemb. m.d.lxxii. Sig. ^ 1-3, " Emblematum Index in locos communes ;" ^ 3-MI ^ 6, " Index rerum et verborum ;" ^ ^ 7, " Animaduersa, Errata," &c. The emblems and trees, 197 + 15 = 212, by mistake printed 213, have mottoes, devices and Latin stanzas, and Mignault's com- ments, very learned and full. 198 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 85. The devices, there being none for the trees, are neat Httle wood- cuts, numbering 168, leaving 29 nude emblems. For emblem cxcvi, p. 501, the wrong device has been inserted. The engravings in this edition appear to have been imitated in the Geneva edition of 16 14. From Plantin's letter of apology (p. 560) it appears that the notes of Claude Mignault were now for the first time published. The Planti7tian Annals do not record this edition under the year 1573 ; but in 1574, p. 152, conjecture that there was such an edition. For an account of Claude Mignault see Alciati's Life, pp. 92-94. " We owe to him learned notes on various ancient authors." 7o 85. FRANCISCI | SANCTII BRO- | cencis | In inclyta Sarmaticenfi Academia Rheto- 1 ricae, Graecseque linguae Profefforis, | Comment, in And. Alciati | Emblem ata, | Nunc denuo mul- tis in locis accurati recognita \ & quam plurimis figuris illujlrata. \ Cum Indice copiojifsimo. \ (RovIIle's device, Eagle on globe and pillar , and two serpents; motto, "in virtvte | et for- TVNA.") I Lvgdvni, I Apvd Gvliel. Rovillivm. M.D.LXxiii. I Cum priuilegio Regis. Colophon: " FiNls." Collation copies : From the libraries of Keir and Thingwall, and in the library of Rimini. Other copies : At the Bodleian, Leon Old Castile, Madrid N., Milan Amb., Naples N., Saragossa, and Strasbourg fuit. Named hy Delandine, vol. ii. p. 180; Bernd's List^ pp. 80, 81; Graessej and Cat. du Roy, Paris 1750, vol. ii. p. 154, No. 1504. See Delandine's Bib. de Lyons ^ vol. ii. p. i8o. No. 86. 1573.] Alciatis Emblem-books. 199 8vo Vol., 6.92 in. X 4.33 ; full pages ^ with marginal notes, 5.31 X 3.34 ; devices, about 2.36 x 2.48. Register : A-Z, Aa-Nn, in 8s, Oo in 4 = 292 leaves or 584 pages; 1-558 numbered; final 26 unnumbered = 584 pages. Coniefits : p. 2, " Extraict du priuilege du Roy;" "Blois le pre- mier de May, I'an de grace mil cinq cent soixante douze ;" pp. 3, 4, Illustrissimo Domino Martino ab Azpilcveta Navaro, Decre- torum Doctori, Gulielmus Rovillius S ;" " E musaeolo nostro, decimo sexto Calend. lanuarii 1573 ;" pp. 5-9, notes on the " Prae- fatio ad Choradum Peutingerii Augustanum;" pp. 9-588, "Com- ment, in And. Alciati Emblem ;" the emblems counting ccxi. In 24 pages, " Index praecipvorvm, qvae his commentariis habentur ;" on I page, " Errata." The emblems, i-ccxi, have motto, device, Alciati's Latin text, and the commentaries of Sanctius, which are good and to the purpose. The devices, without borders, are for the most part from the same blocks as those which Roville employed in his editions 1548- 1564; they are considerably worn, though probably retouched. Of this commentator Delandine observes, vol. ii. p. 180: " The Spaniard, Francis Sanctius or Sanchez, distinguished him- self by his profound knowledge of the Latin language." See our Life of Alciati, p. 92. There is a life of Sanctius in his Works, 8vo, Geneva 1766. 86. Emblemes | d'Alciat, en la- | tin et fran9ois ( vers pour | vers | Augmentez de plufieurs Em- blemes en Latin \ du di5l AutJmcr, traduiflz nouuelle- \ 77ient en Fran^oys. \ Ordonnez par lieux communs, auec brief- | ues expofitios, & enrichis de plufieurs | figures non encore im- primees | par cy devant. | A uec la Table d'iceux mife a la fin. \ (Printer s mark,^^ A pelican and its young; motto, in me mors | in me vita.") | 7' See Sylvestre's Marques Typographiques^ No. 332, and Brunei's Manuel, vol. i. col. 810, 200 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 87. A Paris. \ De VImprimerie de Hierofme de Marnefy et \ Guillaume Cauellat au mont S, Hilaire \ a V enf eigne du Pelican. \ 1573. Colophon : Another of De Marnefs badges, A griffin holding a weight and winged ball; ^2 motto, " VIRTVTE DVCE | CRESCIT FORTVNA." Collation copy : In the hbrary of Le Mans, France. Other copies : At Geneva, and Mr. W. Bates's, Birmingham. Na7ned in Ama- teur's Catalogue, August 14th 1869. 8vo Vol., 11.2 ce?itim.'x.'].g, or 4.4 Eng. x3.11; full pages, 9.3 centim. \, or 3.66 X2.66; devices, 3.6 centim.y.^, or 1.41 i7t. X 1.96. Register: A-Y in 83=176 leaves or 352 pages; numbered 1-332 ; unnumbered 13 ; blank 7 ; total 352. Contents : p. 2, " BibHopola Lectori ;" p. 3, " Clariss. viri Andr. Alciati, &c., ad Chonradum Peutingerum ;" p. 4, "Pre'face du noble homme Seigneur Andre Alciat sur les Emblemes a Chonrad Peutinger d'Ausbourg;" pp. 5-304, Emblemes (197 not num- bered;) pp. 305-332, Arbores (14 not numbered); in 22 pages, Index Emblematum in locos communes digestorum." Observations : There are no monograms or engraver's marks ; neither are there borders, but at the foot of 60 pages there are little ornaments. 87. Omnia | ANDREW | ALCIATI V. C. | Em- BLEMATA. | Adiectis commentariis | & fcholiis, in quibus Emblematum | ferme omnium aperta origine, mens | auftoris explicatur, & obfcura omnia, ] dubiaque illuftrantur. | Per Clavdivm MiNOEM I Diuionenfem. | (Plantin's device and motto ^ Antverpi^, | Ex officina Chriftophori Plantini, | Architypographi Regij. | m.d.lxxiiii. w See our Catalogue, No. 65 j Sylvestre's Marq. Typ., No. 748; and Brunei's Manuel, vol. v. col. 85. No. 87. 1574-] Alciatis Emblem-books. 201 Collation copy : In the Bodleian library, (Douce, A 343). Other copies: At Besangon, Bruges (M. Bethiine)^ Einsiedeln, S. Gall, South Kensington Catalogue^ and Strasbourg fiiit. Named by Brunet, Graesse, Weigel, Cat. du Roy, Paris 1750, vol. ii. p. 154, No. 1505, Aimales Plant., ^. 152.^^ i6mo Vol., 5.03 in.x1.26; full pages, 3.93x2.16; devices^ 1.37 X 1.88. Register : A-Z and a-m in 8s, ^ 8 7 = 295 leaves or 590 pages; numbered 1-559 \ unnumbered 31 = 590 pages.''^ Contents: Exactly the same with edition 1573, No. 84, there being the same misprint of 213 emblems for 212. Douce, A 343, is inaccurate in naming this the first edi- tion by CI. Mignault ; see our Catalogue, No. 84. He says : " Many of the cuts are close copies from those in the editions printed by Marnef and Jean de Tournes. Others are quite original. They were certainly done by Anthony Van Leest of Antwerp.''^ A broken block on p. 489. This," he adds, " is the first edition by CI. Mignault, and is extremely rare. Clement is the only bibliograjDher that knew of it ; the rest supposed Mignault first pubhshed his edition in 1583, or in 1587. See Goujet's Bibl. Franc, tom. vii. p. 84; and Desmolet's Mem. de. litt., tom. vi. pp. 200, 204." Mazzuchelli's remarks on the whole subject manifest care- ful research ; 76 they are these : Claude Mignault, a Frenchman, who in Latin wished to be called Mifios, exhorted by a monk of S. Benigno at Dijon, his friend, by name Legier Bontemps, was perhaps the first who took to commentaries on Alciati's emblems, also writing his Life. The first impression was really made at Antwerp by Plantin only in 1574, in i6mo, — a time at which already had been issued Com- mentaries on these Emblems by Francisco Sanchez, a Spaniard, which were published at Lyons in 1573, in 8vo; but it is to be observed that as soon as 1571 Mignault had written his own (commentaries), as appears from his dedicatory Letter addressed to Anna d'Escars, Abbot of S. Benigno of Dijon, dated from Paris ^ The editors say that this edition ought to have appeared earlier than 1 574, and so it did ; (see our Catalogue, No. 83) : but they have omitted to state that Plantin excuses himself for the delay. 7* The collation from Strasbourg makes 296 leaves and 592 pages. See our Life of Alciati, p. 84. 7* Scrittori Italia, vol. i. p. 366. 202 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 88. the first of December 1571, which seems afterwards to be omitted in the greater part of the later impressions." 88. Les Emblemes de M. Andre Alciat de nouueau traflatez, &c. A Lyon, chez G. Ro- uille. i2mo. 1574."] Authority: When speaking of Aneau's French version by Roville, Lyons 1549, — in our Catalogue No. 39, — Graesse, in his Tresor, says : "II y en a une rdimpression de 1558 et 1574 en 16. Av. fig. en bois." This single authority is not decisive, but the probability is great. 89. Omnia | D. And. Alciati | Emblemata ad | quae fingula | praeter con- | cinnas acutafque in- fcriptiones, lepidas et expreffas | imagines, ac caetera omnia, que prioribus no- | flris editioni- bus cum ad eoru diftindio- | nem, tum ad ornatum & correc- | tionem adhibita con- | tine- bantur. | Nwic primhn perelegantia perfubtilia- que adie^la funt \ EIIIMTGIA, quibus Emblema- tum ampli- \ tudo, & qucecunque in iis dubia funt I aut obfcura, tanquam perfpicuis \ illuf- trantur, \ (Typographical mark, An eagle on a globe with the wings open^ and two serpents below ; the motto, in virtvte | et fortvna." | Lvg- DVNi, I Apvd Gvliel. Rovillivm. I 1574. Colophon: " FiNIS." Collation copies : In the libraries of Naples N. and of S. Mark, No. 90. 1574.] Alciatts Emblem-books. 203 Venice, and of the rev. G. S. Catitley. Named in Bernd's List, 1830, vol. i. p. 80. i2mo Vol., about 12. centim. x 8., or 4.72 Eng. in. X 3.14 ; ///// pages ^ 10,2 cejttim. X 6.2„ 014.01 in. x 2.48 ; device plates., about 6. cetitim. X 6.4 ; or 2.36 in. X 2.51. Register: A-R in 8s = 136 leaves or 272 pages; numbered 1-260; unnumbered 9 ; blank 3 = 272. Contents : pp. 3-5 " Ad Lectorem ;" p. 6, the usual " Prsefatio " to Con. Peutinger; pp. 7-238, Emblemata, cxcvii ; pp. 230-260, Arbores, xiv ; on 9 pages, " Index Emblematum," &c. To the emblems and trees, in count 211, are usually appended short Latin notes. Observation : Without any monogram or engraver's mark. For earlier editions with the word ETIIMTQIA in the title-page, see edition 1566, No. 76, and edition 1567, No. 77- 90. EMBLEMES | d'Alciat, en La- | tin et Francoys I VERS POVR | VERS | Augmentez de plujieurs Emblemes en Latin \ du diH, Autheur, tradui^lz nouuelle- \ ment en Francoys. \ Ordonnez par lieux communs auec brief- | ues expofitios, & enrichis de plufieurs | figures non encore im- prim^es | par cy deuant. | Auec la Table d'iceux mife a la fin \ (Printer's device, Pelican and young ; motto, in me mors, | in me vita.") | A Paris. \ De Vimprimerie de Hierofme de Marnefi & \ Gtiillaume Cauellat au 7nont S. Hilaire \ a Uenfeigne du Pelican, \ 1574. Colophon: Printers device, A griffin grasping a squared stone and winged ball\ motto, "VIRTVTE DVCE | crescit fortvna." Collation copy: From the library, Thingwall. Other copy : At the Bodleian (Douce^ A 345). 204 Bibliographical Catalogue, [No. 91. i6mo Vol., 4.52 X2.75 ; full J>age, about 3.93x2.04; device plates, T.41 X 1.88. Register : A-X in 8s, Y in 6 = 174 leaves or 348 pages; num- bered 1-332; final 16 unnumbered = 3 48. Co7itents: p. 2, " Bibliopola lectori S. ;" p. 3, "Praefatio ad Ch. Peutingerum ;" p. 4, translation of do.; pp. 5-332, " Emblemata," arranged in subjects, Latin and French; at the end in 12 pp.. Index Emblematvm," &c. ; colophon and 3 blank pages. The emblems, with 14 trees, number 211, and are arranged so as to give, first, the motto, device, and Latin stanza and comment ; and secondly, the French motto, stanza and comment. Many of the 211 devices are close imitations of those in Stock- hamer's edition 1556, No. 59, but the arrangement is according to the subjects, beginning with emblems dedicatory, and ending with the 14 trees. The woodcuts are well executed. The Latin is not Stockhamer's, nor the French Le Fevre's, but the Latin from the Lyons edition 1551, and the French from Aneau's Lyons edition 1549. 91. DIVERSE IMPRE- | se accommodate a | diuerfe moralita, co verfi | che i loro fignificati dichia- | rano, infieme con molte | altre nella Hngua Italiana | non piu tradotte. | Tratte da gli Emblemi \ delV Alciato. | In Lione \ appresso I GVLIELMO I ROVIL- | LIO. | M.D.LXXVI, The tide is within an emblematical border. The collation return from Florence says : " The design is fine, but the execution bad." Collation copies : In the National library, Florence, and in the Communal and Archiepiscopal library, Bologna. Other copies: None reported. 8vo Vol., 19. centim. X 12., or 7.48 Eng. in. x 4.72 ; full pageSy including borders, 16. centi?n. x 10. ^ or 6.29 X3.93; devices^ 6. ceiithn. X 6.3, or 2.36 in. x 2.48. Register: A-M in 85 = 96 leaves or 192 pages; numbered 1-191 \ blank 1 = 192 pages. Co?itents : p. 2, ''Extraict du Priuilege du Roy," *'a Mascon le ix. d'Aoust, M.D.XLViii. f p. 3, " Al Sereniss. M. Francisco Donato Illustriss. Principe di Vinegia Servitor di V. Sublimit^ Giovanni No. 93.1577 ] Alciatis Emblem-books, 205 Marquale;" p. 4, "Al Lettore;" pp. 5-186, " Imprese clxix;" pp. 181-191, " Arbori xi." Both the Imprese and the Arbori are arranged in the same order as in Roville's Italian edition 155 1, in our Cata- logue No. 50. Except page 2, all the pages have borders ; and the return from Bologna reports that the monogram P. V. is borne by the plates on pp. 16, 26, 34, 35, 39, 50, 65, 73, 83, 91, 113, 124, 125, 129, 133, 147, 150, 159, 161, 177, 179, 187 and 188. By reference to the return for edition 155 1, No. 50, it will be seen that the P. V. monogram occu- pied very different pages in 155 1. 92. [** Omnia Andreae Alciati V. C. Emblemata . . . .... Antv. 8vo. 1576."] Authority: M3.zz\iche\\i's Scn'ttori d'lta/ia, vol. i. p. 367. On the other hand, the Annales Pla^itiniemies do not register in 1576 any edition of Alciati's emblems ; but then, as we have seen before, such editions have been omitted : and it may be noted that for the year 1576 the entries of editions of all kinds from the Plantin press amount only to eighteen. 93. Omnia | ANDREW i Alciati V. C. | Emble- mata : I CvM coMMENTARiis, QViBvs | Emblema- tum omnium aperta origlne, mens | au61:ons explicatur, & obfcura omnia du- | biaque illuf- trantur. | Per Clavdivm Minoem | Diidoneiifem. \ (Plantin's device and motto!) Antverpi^, | Ex officina Chriftophori Plantini, | Architypographi Regii. I M.D.LXxvii. | Cvm Privilegio. The title is surrounded by a broad ornamental border. Colophon: ''Antverpi^. excvdebat Chri- | stophorvs PLANTINVS ARCHI- I TYPOGRAPHVS REGIVS, ANNI | M.D.LXXVII. MENSE IVLIO." 2o6 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 93. Collation copy : Presented to Mr. Green by M. C. Ch. Bethune of Bruges. Other copies: At Aberdeen U., Aarau, Augsburg, Bruges G. Sem., Gotha D., Lincoln's Inn, Madrid N., Munich Pub., Siena, Stuttgart, due d'Aumale, and Mr. Corser. JSFamed by Brunet, vol. i. col. 148, and Bernd's List, p. 80. 8vo Vol., 6.69 in. x 4.17 ; full pages, 5.4 X 3.4; devices, with the borders, 2.97 x 2.9. Register : A-Z and a-z in 8s = 368 leaves or 736 pages; num- bered 1-732; (733) blank; (734) colophon; and 2 blank = 736 pages. Contefits: p. 2, "Svmma Privilegii ;" pp. 3-8, "Reverendo in Christo Patri ac D.D. Annae, Coenobij Benigniani ac Pulteriarum meritiss. Antistiti, Clavdivs Minos. S. ;" "Lutetiae, Calend. Decemb. M.D.LXXi. ;" pp. 9, 10, Laudatory epigram in 16 Greek and 16 Latin lines, by Gulonius;" pp. 11-15, five laudatory Latin epi- grams and odes on Mignault's commentaries ; pp. 16-28, "Clavdivs Minos Divionenses, Lectori stvdioso et candido;" pp. 29-43, "Syntagma de Symbolis;" pp. 44-46, " Clariss. Viri Andr. Alciati in Librvm Emblematum Praefatio, ad Chonradum Peutingerum Augustanum," in 10 lines Latin verse, and the comment; pp. 49- 639, Emblemata, i-cxcvii; pp. 640-671, Arbores, cxcviii-ccxi (misprinted ccxiii) ; pp. 672-685, " Interpretatio Graecorvm," &c. ; pp. 686-690, " Index Emblematvm ;" pp. 691-712, " Index rervm et verborvm;" pp. 713-732, "Ad Alciati Emblemata Lavdatio vice praefationis ad Emblematum explanationem. Habita Lutetic^ in regia Burgiindionum schola 9. Kalend. Maias. 1576;" p. (734), colophon. To each of the 197 devices for the emblems there are very pretty lace-like borders, which will be found in some of Plantin's later editions. The 14 trees are drawn on a larger scale, but are with- out borders. It is strange that this, one of the best editions of Alciati's emblems from the Antwerp press, is not included in the AitTzales Plantiniennes for the year 1557; neither is the i6mo edition of the same year, vi^hich we are about to men- tion as No. 94 of our Catalogue. It may be noted that Mignault's laudation of Alciati's emblems, spoken as an oration in Paris May 1576, was published at Antwerp July 1577. Brunet, vol. i. col. 148, testifies thus to the designs : " The woodcuts which decorate this volume are not less good than those of the Lyonnese editions." No. 95- 1579.] Alciatis Emblem-books. 207 The monogram A is found on the plates i, ii, iii, iiii, v, vi, xvii, xviii, xxi, xxii and xxvii. The Annales Plantijiie^tiies, p. 42, assign this A to Assuerus Van Londerzeel, who flourished from 1555 to 1 5 79; ^7 but the fact is questioned. The plates of this 1577 Antwerp edition are identical with, and we may- say, the progenitors of, those in edition 1581 ; and, except- ing of course the plates signatured A, the plates of edition 1 58 1 78 belong to Virgilius Solis, 94. Omnia Andreae Alciati V. C. Emblemata. Antverpice, Plantin. i6mo. 1577."] Authority : Bnmet's Mamcel^ vol. i. col. 148, which says that k Prato's Paris 4to edition 157 1 (our No. 81) was reprinted at Ant- werp, i6mo, in 1574, 1577 and 1582. The absence of this edition from the Flantinian Afi?ials (see our No. 92) cannot be pleaded in objection; Plantin's earliest essays, in 1565, 1566, 1567 and 1573, on Alciati's emblems, were editions of small size ; and from his office sometimes issued in the same year, or in following years, an edition in 8vo, and another in i6mo or even 24mo. The return made to me from Munich university library records this i6mo edition of 1577. 95. DIVERSE IMPRE- 1 se accommodate a | di- UERSE moralita co verfi | che i lore fignificati dichia- | rano infieme con molte | altre nella lingua Italiana | non piu tradotte. | Tratte da- gli Emblemi \ deW Alciato. | In Lione, | APPRESSO I GVLIELMO I ROVIL- I LIO. | M.D.LXXIX. The engraved border as in Roville's editions of 1549, 1551, 1564 and 1576. Collation copy: From the library at Keir. Other copies: No return made. 77 For a further account see our Alciati's Lifey pp. 83, 84, 85, 86. '8 See our Alciati's Life, pp, 85, 86. 2o8 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 96. 8vo Vol., 7.08 in. x 4.52; full pages, including borders, about 6.3 X 4 ; devices, about 2.36 x 2.48. Register: Pages numbered 1-191; blank i; total 192. Co7ttents: The same with those of the Italian version, Lyons, 8vo, 1564; in our Catalogue, No. 70. The emblems and devices, including trees, are each 180. 96. Liber Emblematvm | D. ANDREW AL- 1 ciati. NVNC DENVO | COLLATIS EXEMPLARIBVS | mult6 caftigatior quam vnquam | antehac editus. | 1&utxa=Bitc!) I ^ntiree ^Ici'ati tion Slpe^lanD / beg= I lien B.ecl)ten2Doctom/allen?Liel){)al)emtiec | frepenl&untt/ auc5 ^alertt / (BolDCc^miDen /feeiDen-- 1 afcfeem und ©ill){)au\j3ern/)et^ unti \\x forttierm nut^ unD | pbraitc!) tiemutCcSt tiitli art ^Cag gebert^ DurcJ %ZU' \ miam l3on jPorDUngen, mi't fc5bnen/liet)=| U'cfiert/neutDea/ feunttmcSen JFtffurmige^iectunti gebeCTertl (Device, The figure of opportunity on a wheel.) (BeDCUCfet jfraticferurt | am^^a^n./ 1580. Colophon: (0mucfet JFt^artctifurt am | 9?ajn/tiurc!) ii^i'co'- laum I Bailee* | (Device, Occasion on her wheel ; motto, "OCCASIO CALVA FRONTE CAPELLATA | EST POST H^C." I M.D.LXXX. Collation copy : From the library at Keir. Other copies : Besan- Qon, Munich Pub., Munich U., and South Kensington. Named by Graesse and R. Weigel. 8vo Vol., 5.9 in x .3.7 ; full pages, 5.03 X 2.75 ; devices, 1.17 to 2.04x2.59. Register: Including title, 13 leaves unnumbered; then 1-130 leaves numbered, and 6 unnumbered; total, 149 leaves. Contents : Exactly the same with those of the edition of Raben in 1566, No. 74, except that some contracted words are in this edition printed in full, as at p. 130, " Haud quaquam," for " Haud quaqua." The devices in the titles and colophons also differ ; but in other respects page follows page alike, and signature, signature. The woodcuts are from the blocks of edition 1566, No. 74. No. 98 a. 1580.] Alciatis Emblem-books, 209 97. Omnia | D. And. Alciati | Emblemata. Ad | qvae fingvla, | praeter con- | cinnas acutafque infcriptiones, lepidas & expreffas | imagines, ac caetera omnia, quae prioribus no | ftris editioni- bus cum ad eoru diftin6lio- | nem, tum ad orna- tum & correc- 1 tionem adhibita con- 1 tinebantur. | Nunc primum perelegantia, perfubtiliaqiie adiecta flint I ETIIMTOIA, quibus Emblemattim ampli- \ tudo & qucecunque in ijs dubia funt \ aut obfcura^ tanquam perfpicuis \ illujirantur. \ (Roville's device and motto) Lvgdvni, | Apvd Gvliel. RoviLLiVM. I 1580. Collation copy : In the Bodleian library, Douce, A 333. Other copy : At Keir. 8vo Vol., 4.76 z/i. x 3.26 ; ///// pages and devices^ as in edition 1574, No. 89. Register : As in No. 89. Conte?tts: Emblems and devices, 211, as in edition 1574, No. 89. 98. Omnia Andreae Alciati V. C. Emblemata. 8vo. Lutetiae, 1580."] Authority: The answer, i6th May 1870, from the provincial library and institute of Huesca in Arragon. It was in reply to a request to note any edition of Alciati's emblems, in the library of Huesca, which had been included in the list of 151 editions. The answer adds that this Paris edition of 1580 was contained in 816 pages. 98 a. ["Omnia A. Alciati V. C. Emblemata. 8vo. Plantin. Antverp. 1580."] Authority : An answer from the cantonal library of Aarau, Switz- erland, May 1870, acknowledging that the tide-page of the copy was missing, but that it was printed by "Plantin, Antwerp 1580," and that it contained " 10 leaves unnumbered, and 782 pages." P 2IO Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 99. The claim by the library of Aarau is however unfounded, and arose from the fact that Plantin's edition bearing on the title-page the year 1581, has on the last leaf, " Antverpiae, excudebat Chr. Plantinus, architypographus regius, sub finem anni M.D.LXXX." 99. Omnia | ANDREW | Alciati V. C. | Emble- MATA : I CvM coMMENTARiis QviBVS | Emblema- tum omnium aperta origine, mens | au6lons explicatur, & obfcura omnia dubia- | que illuf- trantur. | Per Clavdivm Minoem | Divionenfem, \ Editio tertia aliis multo locupletior. j (Plantin's sign and motto}) Antverpi^, | Ex ofHcina Chrifhophori Plantini, | Architypographi Regii. | M.D.LXXXI. The title is surrounded by a fine border. Colophon: ANTVERPI.E, EXCVDEBAT CHRISTO- I PHORVS PlANTINVS, ARCHITY- I POGRAPHVS REGIVS, SVB | FINEM ANNI, M.D.LXXX." Collation copy : From the library at Thingwall. Other copies : Amiens, Augsburg, Berlin I., Cambridge U., Copenhagen R., Cra- cow U., Evora, the Hague R., Kiel, Keir, Madrid, Milan Amb., Munich Pub., Munich U., Oporto, Stuttgart R. and Verona. 8vo Vol., 6.49 iii. x 4.44 ; full pages, with marginal notes, 5.51 X 3.54; devices, with borders, about 3.14 inches square. Register: III 8, )s||i4, A-Cc in 8s = 404 leaves or 808 pages; initial 24 unnumbered; 1-782 numbered; i unnumbered; i blank ; total 808 pages. Co7ite7its : pp. 1^ 2-4, " Avgvstino Thvano loanni Gveslaeo, et Barnabae Brissonio Regiae procurationis in suprema Gallorum curia Triumuiris, sacrique consilii Senatoribus ;" " Stampis Idib. April. cio.iD.LXXX ;" pp. ^IC 4Z^-6, one Greek and four Latin stanzas, ''De his in Alciati Emblemata commentariis "; pp. I^6z;-^|^3, Clavdivs Minos Diuionensis Lectori Stvdioso et candido ;" " Lu- tetiae cio.id.lxxx. ;" p. ^^4, Scaliger's "Ivdicivm De Alciati Em- blematis," and Gyraldus " De Poetis nostrorum temporum ;" pp. No. 102, 1582.] Alciatis Emblem-books. 211 1-13, "Syntagma De Symbolis;" pp. 13-15, " De Emblemate pp. 16-19, "Praefatioad Chonradum Peutingerum," and comment ; pp. 20-684-718, " Andreae Alciati Emblemata," i-ccxiii, i.e. cor- rectly ccxi; pp. 719-732, " Interpretatio Graecorum;" pp. 733-736, " Emblematum Index in locos commvnes;" pp. 737-760, "Ad Alciati Emblemata Lavdatio, &c., 1576/' pp. 761-782, "Index Rervm et Verborum colophon. The emblems, 211, are arranged as in the Minos editions of 1573, 1574 and 1577, Nos. 84, 87 and 93. The commentaries are fuller than they were in 1573 and 1574, and the devices there deficient are here (as in No. 93) supplied. The devices, with neat borders, are the same as in edition 1577. The monogram A, assigned by some to Assuerus Van Londerzeel, occurs as in that edition; but, speaking of the edition of 1581, Graesse tells us the monogram A may be for Adam van Oort, and Weigel adopts the same probability. The Plaiitinian Annals, as well as the title-page say the 1 58 1 edition is the tJiird, but there were three before, — I573> 1574 1577 J perhaps 1573 and 1574 were ac- counted one. 100. Alciati Emblemata 8vo, Parifiis, 1581."] Authority : Such an edition, "Parisiis typis Marnefii," is named in Mazzuchelli's Scrittori d' Italia, vol. i. p. 367, but no other con- firmation has been obtained. 101. ["Omnia And. Alciati emblemata .... i6mo. Plantin. Antverp. 1582."] Authority: Brunet's Manuel, vol. i. col. 148 ; for, speaking of k Prato's Paris edition of 157 1, he says, it has been reprinted in Ant- werp in 1574, 1577 and 1582, in i6mo. Graesse's Tresor, vol. i. p. 62, confirms this statement. 102. D. Andreae | ALCIATI | Mediolanensis [ IvRiscoN. I Opera Omnia | in | Qvatvor Tomos legitime digefta, na- | tiuo fuo decori reftituta 2 1 2 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 102. Indice I locupletifs. adau6la. | (Device, The palm of Guarinus ; motto, palma gvar.") Cum CcsfarecE Maiejl. ac Chrijlianifs. Galliarum Regis priuilegijs ad annos decern. \ Basiled, | APVD ThOMAM GvARINVM. I M.D.LXXXII. In 4 vols. FOLIO. — In vol. iv., columns 1 098-1 099 : " Emblemata I ANDREAE ALCIATI | Ab ipso avtore RECO I GNITA, AC NOVIS ALIQVOT | EmBLEMATIBVS AVCTA | CLARissiMi VI R I AND REM ALCIATI | in Hhrum pHmuin Emblematu7n prcefatio \ Ad Chonradum Peutingerum Au- guflanum. Diiin pueros mglans, iiiiienes dum tessera fallit^'' Colophon: At the foot of columns 1174-1175, "Basile^e | Ex officina Guariniana, anno falutis humanse mille- fimo I quingentefimo octuagefimo fecundo." Collation copy: In the Chetham library, Manchester. Other copies : At Avignon, Bale, Bodleian, Copenhagen R., Darmstadt Grand D., Dresden R., L'Escurial, Ferrara, Kiel, Liege, Milan Amb., Perugia, Schaffhausen, Toulouse, Turin U., Verona and Vienna I. Na7?ied by Audiffredi,''^ Brunet, vol. i. col. 149, and Graesse, vol. i. p. 62. Folio Vol., 14.13 X 9.64 ; full emblem page, 12.04x7.04; woodcuts, 2.36 X 2.48. Register: In vol. iv. for the emblems, AAAAa and BBBBb in 6s, CCCCc in 8s = 20 leaves ; numbered by double columns 1098- II75- Contents: On cols. 1096, 1097, " Candido Lectori Pardvlphvs Prateivs ivrisconsvltvs Avgusto buconias," " Lugduni quarto Nonas lulias M.D.Lix.j" cols. 1098-1174, "Praefatio," as above; then " Emblematvm Dedicatio," 3 emblems ; Devs, sine Religio, 5 ; ViRTVTES, Fides, 5; Prvdentia, 13; Jvstitia, 6; Fortitvdo, 5; Con- cordia, 5; Spes, 4; Pvdicitia, i; Vitia, Perfidia, 7; Stvltitia, 11; Superbia, 4; Invidia, i; Lvxvria, 8; Desidia, 4; Avaritia, 6; Gvla, 6; Doctorvm agnomina, i; Natvra, 4; Astrologia, 4; Amor, 13; Fortvna, 13; Honor, 12; Princeps, 6; RespubHca, 2; Vita, 2; 7^ See Catalogus bib. Casanatensis, Romse 1761, vol. i. p. 90. No. 103. 1583.] Alciatis Emblem-books. 213 Mors, 6; Amicitia, 4; Hostilitas, 8; Vindicta, 5; Pax, 3; Sci" entia, 8; Ignorantia, 3; Matrimonivm, 8; Arbores, 14. There are 211 emblems but only 209 devices, which are very good; from the same blocks as in Fradin's edition 1560, No. 64. In the Bodleian copy the emblems are mentioned in the ElencJms to vol. iv. at the beginning of vol i., reference being made to "col. 1098 et inde but the emblems themselves are not to be found in that copy either in their proper place or elsewhere. 103. EMBLEMATA | Andre.e Alciati | i. c. Clariss. I PosTREMO AB AvTORE | recognita, vivifq; imaginibus | artificiofiffime illuftrata. | Ad- iuncta fmit Epimythia quibtts, quce \ ob/curiora videbantur funt \ declarata. \ Francofvrti. | M.D.LXXXIII. The border around the title-page is very fine, and has in the lower compartment a figure of OccasioJi. Colophon: "Impressvm Francofvr- | ti ad Moenvm Apvd I NiCOLAVM Bass^vm. I (Device, Occafion ; motto, 'occAsio calva fronte capillata I est POST H^C' I M.D.LXXXIII." Collation copy : From the library at Keir. Other copies : At the Bodleian, Gotha D., and the Hague R. Mimed in Bernd's Allge- meine Schriften-kiinde^ 1830, p. 80. 8vo Vol., 5.94 X 3.7 \ full pages, 5.1 1 X 2.75 ; devices, from 1. 1 7 i7t. to 2.04 X 2.59. Register: Initial 8 leaves unnumbered; 1-209 numbered; colo- phon I leaf =218 leaves. Contents: A 2, " Epistola Nvncvpatoria," in 8 pages, " NobiH et clarissimo viro Dn. lohanni Wolfgangi Freymenio, ab Obern- haussen, V. 1. D. & Coesarece Maiestati a Consiliis, Domino suo reverenter colendo, S. P. D. ;" "Anno Salutis Christianse 1583;" "Nicolaus Bassaeus, Typographus Francofordiensis ;" Index in 6 pages; then 1-209 leaves, " Andreae Alciati Emb. ;" colophon i p. The emblems, i-ccxi, have Epimythia, or applications, as in edition 1567, No. 77. 2 1 4 Bibliographical Catalogue, [No. 104. As in edition 1567 the devices are only 128, from the same blocks as those in editions 1566 and 1567, Nos. 74 and 77. . In his copy, A 398, at the Bodleian, Douce has written : " Alciat's own emblem or device was Mercury's caduceus, with Amalthea's horn of plenty. See emblem Ixv., Paul. Jovius on im- preses Sign, c 76. The cuts to this edition were probably by Virgil Solis of Nuremburg ; and were not as far as I can find used for any other. Fuller research shows that these woodcuts of Virgil Solis were used in the Francfort editions of 1566 and 1567, Nos. 74 and 77. 104. Omnia | ANDREAE | Alciati v. c. [ Em- BLEMATA. | Cum Commentariis, quibus Emble- matum \ omnium aperta origine, mens authoris \ explicatur^ & obfcura omnia du- | biaque illuf- trantur. \ Per Claudium Minoem, | Diuionen- fem. I Poftrema hac editione in meliore formam | redafta, & multis fublatis medis, fumma | cum diligentia excifa. | (Device, Pelican and her young; motto, ''in me mors, | in me vita.") j Parisiis, Apud Hieronymum de Marnef, & Viduam | Gulielmi Cauillat sub Pelicano | monte D. Hilarij, 1583. Colophon: A winged griffin ; above, ^^Virtvtis et Glori(B\^^ below, " Comes invidiam On the verso of the last page but one, " Parifiis, Excudebat Carolus Rogerivs, | Anno Domini | 1583 Octavo Cal. | Februarii." Collation copy: From the library of the rev. G. S. Cautley, Other copies : At Amiens, Cambridge, S. John's, Copenhagen R., Le Mans, Modena Pal, Munich Pub., Munich U,, Toulouse, Versailles, Winterthun. No. 105. 1583.] Alciatis Emblem-books. 215 8vo Vol., 6.88 //2X.4.44; full pages, 5-59 x3.54; devices^ in- cluding border, 2.04 x 2.55. Register: Initial 8 leaves, A-Z and Aa-Yy, in 85 = 368 leaves or 736 pages; initial 16 pp. unnumbered; 1-7 17 numbered; 2 un- numbered and I blank = 736 pages. Contents: i, title; 'w, blank ; ij, "Augustino Thvano — loanni Greslaeo, et Barnabae Brissonio," &c. ; iiij v, " Claudivs Minos divionensis, Lectori studioso & candido," " Lutetiae 1580;" viij " lulii Caesaris Scaligeri ex lib. poeticis vi. de Alciati Emblematis Indicium;" Sig. A, pp. 1-15, "Syntagma de Symbolis, Stimma- tvm," &c. ; pp. 16-658, "Emblemata;" pp. 657-672, "Gr?ecorum Epigrammatvm," &c. ; pp. 673-676, " Emblematvm Index," &c. ; pp. 677-690, "Ad Alciati Emblemata Lavdatio;" pp. 691-717, " Index rerum et verborum," &c. The emblems, i-cxcvii, followed by 14 trees, number 211. The devices are very simple, plain affairs, with a little border, 1-211. The cuts for this edition are attributed to Cousin, though from the mark \ said by Douce to be on some of them, Woeiriot has been mentioned as the engraver. See Alciati's Life, pp. 81, 82. 104 a. [" Emblemata Alciati Paris. 8vo. 1583."] Authority : An edition without a printer's name is spoken of by Mazzuchelli, and mentioned in Bernd's List, vol. i. p. 80. In the return from the Bodleian library such an edition was acknowledged, but not substantiated on further inquiry. And from the Mazarine library, Paris, the possession of an edition of 1583, without a prin- ter's name, is reported. The evidence however is too weak to justify saying, that this is certainly an independent edition. 105. Alciati emblemata cum comment. Claudii Minois Divionenfis. Antverpiae, ex off. Chrift. Plantini. i vol. in 16. m.d.lxxxiii."] Authority: The above title in the Atinales Plantiniennes , p. 258, No. 25. A copy in the library of Besan^on. Named in Bernd's List, vol i. p. 80; by Mazzuchelli, vol. i. p. 367 ; and by Niceron, vol. X. p. 341. 2 1 6 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. io6. 106. Emblemata Andreae Alciati I. C. Clarifs. Latino - gallica/' &c. Les Emblemes Latin- Frangois du Seigneur Andre Alciat," &c. Paris, i6mo. 1583.] Authority : Brunei's Manuel^ vol. i. p. 149, after mentioning the translations of Alciati's emblems into French by Le Fevre and Aneau, says ; We have another French translation of Alciat, better and more exact than the two preceding; it is that of CI. Mignault, who caused it to be printed in Paris in 1583 and 1587, in i6mo, with the Latin text and woodcuts." A copy, it is said, belongs to the library at Soleure. The full title of this 1583 edition will appear under the Paris edition 1584, No. 107. In the Life of Alciati, pp. 58, 60, and 92, 93, are some notices of Mignault himself. Of his translation, the Abbe Goujet writes with much fulness and here in our Catalogue where that translation is first mentioned, we may give the critic's judgment : " Claude Mignault, whom Cardinal du Perron calls a man of immense reading and erudition, judged very soundly of the two translations of the emblems of Alciat of which I have just spoken. He well knew all their defects, and compelled himself to avoid them in whatever he has given of the same work. This translation, which is in verses of different measures, has never in fact any other faults than those of the language which has grown very old. The Croix dii Maine places this translation in 1583. The author of the Biblioth. des Ecrivains de Bourgogne places it a little later ; my copy bears the date of 1587. " Mignault tells us in his Avant-propos, or Epistle of the Trans- lator, dated from Estampes June 4, 1583, that since the preceding year he had worked at this version during the hours he was com- pelled to lose on the boat passing often from Estampes to Paris, to Corbeil, and thence to Estampes, having nothing better to do for pass-time and for refreshing his mind. He adds that he had read and re-read Alciati's work so many times, having given in 1574 an edition of the text with comments, that not only did he know it by 80 Biblioth, Fran(;. Paris 1744. Tome iv. pp. 83-86. No. 107. 1584.] Alciatis Emblem-books. 217 heart but that he drew the ver)^ spirit from it, in order to make use of in things more grave and important. " The repeated reading of Alciati's emblems had so indined him to this work that he praises it to excess, and appears ready to be in a passion against those who do not discover all the beauties which he perceived in them ; and how many did he not see ? He speaks with more moderation of his version. If people find that it might have been more exact, he answers that he has done what he could, without otherwise pressing himself too much ; for he had never been able to make any thing a matter of study which had come to him with trouble or caused him regret. ' If I have in some places,' he adds, ' been too free in constructing emblems with divers kinds of verse, or in using circumlocutions, I have done it in order to suit myself to the sentence which required it, and to render my author more intelligible.' A little after he said : ' Above all I have assigned myself the duty of speaking French without affectation or disguise, which I leave very willingly to our superficial writers, who have very much affectation and almost nothing natural.' " 107. Emblemata | Andreae Alciati | I. C. Clarifs. | Latino-gallica | una cum fuccindis argumentis, quibus I Emblematis cuiufque fententia | expli- catur. [Ad calcem Alciati vita. | Les Emblemes| Latin - Francois du | Seigneur Andre Alciat | excellent lurifconfulte. | Avec arguments fuc- cin61:s pour entendre le | fens de chaque Em- bleme. | En fin eft la vie d' Alciat. | La verfion Fran^oife non encor veue cy devant. | A Paris. | Chez lean Richer | rue S. lean de | Latran, I'Enfeigne de I'arbre verdoyant. | 1584. | Avec privilege du roy. The title here given is according to the collation sent from Wolfen- biittel. Collatio7i copy : In the library at Wolfenbiittel. Other copies : At Douai, S. Gall, Mazarine, Paris. Na?ned by Graesse, and Mazzu- chelli, vol. i. p. 368. 2i8 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. io8. 8vo Vol., 15 centim.v^^.^ or 5.9 Eng. z/z. X3.i4j full pages, 14.3 centim. x 7.5, or 5.66 in. x 2.95 ; devices, 5.7 centini. x 5.5, or 2.14 inl.'A 2.16. Register: As reported, 310 leaves or 620 pages; leaves num- bered 1-30 1, not numbered 9 ; total, 310 leaves. Conte?its : leaf 2, " Avant-Propos, du translateur sur ceste nou- velle version des Emblemes d'Alciat," " d'Estampes le quatrieme luin 1583 leaf 7, " De emblemate avec la traduction, De I'Em- bleme leaf 8, " Clar. viri Andr. Alciati, in librum Emblematum prasfatio ad Conr. Peutingerum Augustaneum f leaf 9, Traduction, Preface, &c.; leaves 2-288, Emblemata cxcvii, Arbores xiv; in 3 leaves, Emblematum Index, &c. ; leaves 292-301, "Vita Alciati," La vie d'Alciat leaves 301, 302, Errata; leaf 302, Extraict du Privilege. Leaf I, Effigies Alciati | V. C. Mediol. I. C. | Motto, "Virtuti fortuna comes." The plates are without borders, squared only by lines. There is neither monogram nor engraver's mark. 108. Emblemata V. c. | ANDREW ALCIATI | Mediolanensis I IvRiscoNSVLTi ; I Cum facili & compediofa explicatione qucs obfcti- \ ra illuf- trantur, dubiaque omnia folMuntMr. \ Per Clav- DiVM MiNOEM Diuionenfem. | Excerpta ex eiufdem in eadem Alciati emblema- \ ta maiorum vigilia- rum commentariis. \ Ad calcem Alciati vita nuper|ab eodem Minoe confcripta. | (Plan tins device and motto) Antverpi^. | Apud Chrifto- phorum Plantinum. | m.d.lxxxiv. Collation copy : From Mr. Corser's library. Other copies : At Bale, British Museum, Keir, Munich Pub., Thingwall, and Wol- fenbiittel. Named in the Annales Plantiniennes, p. 266, No. 21 ; in Bernd's List, p. 80 ; and Clement's Bibl. cur., vol. ii. p. 139. i6mo Vol., 4.72 X3.14; full pages, 3.95X2.35; devices, about 2.2 X 2.35. Register: A-g in 83 = 240 leaves or 480 pages; 1-47 1 num- bered, and 9 unnumbered = 480 leaves. Cotitents : pp. 3-7, " Clavd. Minos Christophoro Plantino Svo. No no. 1585.] A Iciatis Emblem-books. 219 S. P." "Lutetise Nonis Sextil. cid.id.lxxxiii. pp. 8-12, "De Emblemate " Qvid sit Emblema ; vnde svmpta emblematis inuentio, deque eius vsu & ratione p. 13, "Prsefatio;" pp. 15- 446, Emblemata, 211; pp. 449-471, "Andrese Alciati, V. C. Vita, per Clavd. Minoem conscripta," Latin and French on alter- nate pages ; then on 6 pages, not numbered, " Emblematvm Index," and the last printed page, " Privilegivm Galliarvm Regis " Fontibellaquse, quarta Augusti m.d.lxxxii." To the 211 emblems there are short comments. The devices are from the same designs and the same blocks as Plantin's edi- tions 1577 and 1580, Nos. 93 and 99. The copy of this edition, now in the Keir library, when purchased at Florence was interleaved, having been in- tended by some possessor as an Album Amiconim. Only three of the blank pages had been applied to this purpose, and in the rebinding of the volume these have been pre- served, along with a few of the blank interleaves. The present owner records on a fly leaf that in R. Southey's Common-place Book, first series, 1850, there is quoted a pas- sage relating to the custom of keeping an Album Amicorum, which prevailed very much in Germany, and continued to the last century. Similar albums were not unusual in France, nor I believe in Holland. 109. [" Emblemata V. C. And. Alciati .... Antv. 8vo. 1585."] Authority : This edition is enumerated in Bernd's AIL ScJiriften- kufidcj &c. Bonn 1830, vol. i. p. 80. See Catalogue^ No. 108. 110. Emblemata Andreae Alciati Latino- gallica. Les Emblemes Latin-Francois A.Paris. lean Richer. 8vo. 1585."] Authority : This edition is referred to by Graesse in his Tresor de Livres rares et precieux, Dresden 1859. The library at Douai in France returns it among its Alciati emblem-books. 2 20 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. m. 111. A CHOICE I OF Emblemes, | and other De- vices, I For the mofte parte gathered out of fundrie writers, | Englifhed and Moralized. | And divers newly devised, by Gefifrey Whit- ney, I &c. (Plantin's device and motto}) Jm- printed at Leyden, | In the houfe of Chriflopher Plantyn, | by Francis Raphelengius. j m.d.lxxxvi. There is a broad lace-work border round the title. Colophon : FINIS." Bejteath an etnblem of the setting sim, with the motto, "Tempus om- nia terminat," and some English stanzas. From containing at least 86 emblems identical with, or founded on those of Alciati, — devices as well as subjects and mottoes being copied from Plantin's edition, — this work justly deserves a place among the very few of the English translations. Collatio7i copy : Mr. Greeiis of Knutsford. Other copies known of : At Keir, South Kensington and Thingwall ; and in the hbra- ries of colonel Egertoji Leigh of Cheshire ; G. W. Napier^ esq., of Alderley ; E. G. Salisbury, esq. ; Mr. Swinnertoti of Macclesfield ; and Henry Austin Whitney, esq., Boston, Mass., U.S.A. 4to Vol., 8.66 X 6.29 ; full pages, 7.08 X 4.92 ; devices, from 3 in. to 3.5 X3.5. Register: Initial, 10; A-Z, and a-f in 45=126 leaves or 252 pages; initial, 20 unnumbered ; 1-230 numbered; blank 2 = 252 pages. Contents: 1^ Title; Leicester's arms; Ml 2-1^)83, "The Epistle Dedicatorie to the right honorable, my singvler good Lorde and Maister Robert Earle of Leycester," &c. ; " At London the xxviij of Nouember, Anno m.d.lxxxv. Gefifrey Whitney;" 3 v ~4v, "To the Reader;" ^^^^-2 27, Laudatory verses; p. 1-103, emblemes 114, devices 112; p. 104, blank; p. 105, title, "The Second Parte of Emblemes," &c. ; pp. 106, 107, Laudatory odes; pp. 108-250, emblemes 134, devices 133. Of the whole series of 248 emblems, 225 have been " gathered out of sundrie writers," and of these, as we state No. 112. 1587.] Alciatis Emblem-books. 221 above, 86 belong to the Alciati emblems. For an account of the whole, reference may be made to the fac-simile reprint of 1866, edited by Henry Green, M.A. 112. Emblemata I ANDREW ALCIATI | I. C. Clariss. I Latino-gallica | Vna cum fuccin61:is argumentis quibus | Emblematis cuiufque fen- tentia | explicatur. | Ad calcem Alciati Vita. | Les Emblemes \ Latin-Francois dv\ Seigneur Andre Alciat, | excellent lurifconfulte, \ Auec argttmens fticcin^s pour ente7idre le \ fens de chafque Embleme. \ En fin eft la vie d' Alciat. | La verfion Fran^oife non encor | veue cy deuant. | (Device, A bra7ick of a tree.) A Paris, | Chez lean Richer, rue S. lean de Latran,^ | a Tarbre Verdoyant. ] 1587. | Auec Priuilege du Roy. As a frontispiece to the title, both in the Keir and in the Versailles copies, is a portrait of Alciati, "Effigies Alciati | V. C. Mediol. I. C." I Below is the motto, " Virtuti fortuna comes.") Collaiion copy : From the Keir library. Other copy : At j Ver- sailles. Named by Brunet, vol. i. p. 149. i6mo Vol., 5.23 Z/^. x 2.99 ; ///// pages, 4.52X2.28; devices, 2.12 X 2.16. Register : Title and 1 1 other initial leaves unnumbered ; then 1-288 leaves numbered; final 12 unnumbered; total, 312 leaves. Contents : On 14 pages, " Avant-Propos dv Translateur svr ceste nouuelle version des Emblemes d' Alciat," "D'Estampes le qua- tresme luin 1583;" on 6 pages, " De Emblemate," Extraict dv Privilege;" folios 1-288, "Andreae Alciati Emblemata;" on]6 pages, "Emblematvm Index;" and on t8 pages, "And. Alciati Vita," with French translation on the opposite page. The emblems have Alciati's mottoes, devices and stanzas, and Latin Epimythia ; then French mottoes, stanzas and Epimythia ; they number i-ccxi. « 2 2 2 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 1 13. The devices also number 211; they are from wood-blocks that do not appear fresh : indeed they were used for the Mignault edi- tions 1583, No. 106, and 1584, No. 107. 113. Omnia D. And. Alciati Emblemata i6mo. Lugd. 1588."] Authority : A copy acknowledged to be in the Escurial, August 22nd 1870; also in Catalogue de la Bib. de la ville de Grenoble, vol. ii. p. 175, there is the following entry : " 18290 " (Andreae Alciati emblemata). " Eadem Lugduni 1588, ill 16." The edition is named in Bernd's List, vol. i. p. 80. 114. Omnia | ANDREAE | Alciati v. c. | Emble- mata, I Cum commentariis, quibus Emble- | matum aperta origine mens Aufto- | ris expli- catur, & obfcura omnia | dubiaque illuftrantur. | Adie^lce ad calcem Notce pojleriores. \ Per Clavd. MiNOEM, I lurifc. I Parisiis, | Apud Steph Val- letu fub Bibliis Au- | reis e Regione Collegii Rhemenfis. | Cvm Privilegio. | m.d.lxxxix. There is to the title, which is contained in an oval, a very pretty frame-like border, with Jehovah, in a cartouche above, and below the monogram DQ , double D. Colophon: Acheitees dHmprimer ce dernier iour de De'\ cembre, pour la premiere edition, 1588." Collation copy: From the library at Keir. Other copies: At Chaumont and Le Mans. Named in Bernd's List, p. 80. 8vo Vol., 6.88 in. X4.13 ; full pages, 5.51 X3.54; devices and border, 2.75 x 2.87. Register: Initial 20 leaves, or 40 pages, unnumbered; then 1-8 1 8 pages numbered; final 22 pages unnumbered; total, 880 pages. Contents: On 2 pages, "Clavd. Minos Ivris. Lectori S. ;" on 2 pages, Greek verses ; on i page, Latin, in praise of Mignault ; in No. 115. 1589.] Alciatis Emblem-books. 223 10 pages, Clavd. Minos Divionensis Lectori Studioso et candido," "Lutetiae cid.id.lxxx. on t page, Scaliger and Gyraldus ; on i page, " Bartholomaevs Anvlus," Latin verses ; on 2 pages, " M. Toscanvs;" on i page, " Extraict du Privilege;" on 15 pages, " Vita Alciati," by Minos; pp. 1-13, "Syntagma De Symbolis ;" pp. 13-15, "De Emblemate;" pp. 16-19, "Prsefatio & notae ;" pp. 20-704, "Andreae Alciati Emblemata;" pp. 705-781, "Notae Posteriores," per CI. Minoem; pp. 787-800, " Interpretatio Gras- corum ;" pp. 801-814, "Claud. Min. Laudatio ad Alciati Emble- mata;" pp. 815-818, " Index Emblematvm ;" then on 22 pages, " Index Rerum et Verborum." The emblems number i-ccxi, ccxiii being printed by mistake. Each has a motto or title, a device, a stanza and notes. The devices, with pretty borders, are rather coarsely cut. This may be considered almost the first of the editions overcrowded with notes. It will appear frequently, and so very much under the same form and same size, as to justify the conjecture that there was almost a community of goods, so far as regarded the emblems of Alciati, among the prin- ters and publishers of Paris. 115. Omnia | ANDREAE | Alciati V. C. | Em- blemata ; I Cum commentariis, quibus Emble-| matum aperta origine, mens Au(5lo- | ris expli- catur, & obfcura omnia, | dubiaque illuflrantur. | Adie5lcE ad calcem notcE pojleriores. \ Per Clavd. Minoem, | lurifc. | Paribus, | Apud Francifcum Gueffier, in via | D. loannis Lateranenfis. | Cvm PrIVILEGIO. I M.D.LXXXIX. The title is contained in an oval with ornaments, as No. 1 14. CoUafwn copy : In the library at Versailles, August 7th 1870. Other copies : At Bruges G. S., and Rennes. 8vo Vol., 17. centim. x 11., or 6.69 Eng. in. x 4.23 ; fii// pages, 14. centim. X T0.6 (an inaccuracy), or 5.51 X4.17; devices, 7. centi7Ji. X 7., or 2.75 in. square. Register: 818 pages numbered; 57 pages not numbered; and 3 pages blank ; total, 878. 224 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. ii6. Contents : On 2 pages, " Claud. Minos Jurisc. lectori S. f on 2 pages, verses laudatory of Mignault; on 10 pages, "Claud. Minos Lectori on i page, " Scaliger and Gyraldus on i page, " Barth. Anvlvs on 2 pages, " M. Toscanus on i page, " Extr. du privilege du roi," then "Vita And. Alciati;" pp. 1-15, "Syn- tagma de Symbolis pp. 16-19, "Praefatio." (N.B. The remainder of the return from Versailles is not clearly stated, but agrees with edition No. 114 in our Catalogue) pp. 787-800, "Grsecorum Epigrammatum pp. 801-814, "Ad Alciati emblemata laudatio pp. 815-818, "Index;" and on 22 pages, "Index rerum." Each emblem has an ornamental border. 116. Omnia Andreae Alciati V. C. Emblemata. 8vo. Parisiis, Richerius. 1589."] Authority: A return from the library at Versailles; and a naming of this edition in Mazzuchelli, vol. i. p. 367, as being "per Thomam Richerium, Parisiis, 8vo, 1589." The Mazarine library, Paris, possesses an edition of this year, but does not specify in its return to our circular whether it be by Valletus, Gueffier or Richer. 117. Andrew | ALCIATI | v. c. | Emblemata : | Cum Clavdii Minois Diuionenjis ad \ eadem CoMMENTARiis. | Quibus Emblematum omnium aperta origine, | mens au61:oris explicatur, & obfcura | omnia dubiaque illuftrantur. | Editio QvARTA. I (Plantin's device and motto.) LvG- DVNI BaTAVORVM, I Ex OFFICINA PlANTINIANA, ] Apud Francifcum Raphelengium. | cb.b.xci. The motto on the device has to be read from the left hand to the right. Collatio7i copies : From the Keir library and from Mr. Green. Other copy : At the Escurial. 8vo Vol., 7.16 in. X 4. ; fu// pages, 5.51 X 3.34 ; devices, includ- ing border, about 2.95 in. square; device, within border, about 2.16 in. square. Register : A-Z, a-z and Aa in 8s, Bb 4 = 380 leaves or 760 pages; 1-7 18 numbered; 40 unnumbered ; 2 blank = 760. No. ii8. 1591.] Alciatis Emblem-books. 225 Contents : p. i, title ; p. 2, blank ; 3-6, " Avgvstino Thvano, loanni Gveslaeo, et Barnabse Brissonio regiae procurationis in su- prema Gallomm curia Triumuiris, sacrique consilii Senatoribus," "Stampis Idib. April, cid.id.lxxx pp. 7, 8, Greek and Latin verses, " De his in Alciati Emblemata commentariis pp. 9-16, " Clavdivs Minos Divionensis, Lectori stvdioso et candido," " Lu- tetiae cid.id.lxxx.;" pp. 17-27, "Syntagma De Symbolis," &c. ; p. 18, Scaliger and Gyraldvs on Alciati's emblems; pp. 29-32, "Praefatio" et Notse; pp. 33-718, "Andreae Alciati Emblemata," i-ccxi ; on i page, Monitio ad Lectorem ;" on 4 pages, " Emble- matvm Index;" on 16 pages, "Ad Alciati Emblemata Lavdatio;" on 18 pages, "Index Rerum et Verborum;" the back of the last leaf being blank. The emblems and devices are 211 in number, 1-197, and trees 198-2 1 1. The blocks are from former editions. The dedication is the same as to Plantin's edition 1580, No. 99. There will be found under the year 1593 another fourth edition exactly like this. 118. Emblemata v. c. | ANDREW ALCIATI] Mediolanensis I IvRiscoNSVLTi. | Ctim facili & compendiofa explicatione^ qua obfcura \ illujlran- tur, dubiaqtie omnia fohimitur, \ Per Clavdivm MiNOEM Diuionenfem. | ExcerptcB ex eiufdem in eade7n Alciati einblema- \ ta maiorum vigiliaru77i commentariis. \ Ad calcem Alciati vita, nuper ab I eodem Minoe confcripta. | (Plantin's device and motto.) Lvgdvni Batavorvm, | Ex officina Plantiniana, I Apud Francifcum Raphelen- gium. I cb.b.xci. Colophon : " FiNIS." Collation copy: From Mr. Greeji, Knutsford. Other copies: Bremen, British Museum, Bruges G. S., Cambridge U., Cambridge St. John's, L'Escurial, Florence N., Friburg, Ghent U., the Hague Q 2 26 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 119. R., Keir, Leyden U., Munich Pub., Thingwall, Wolfenbiittel and Zurich. Named in Bernd's List, p. 80, and by Brunet, vol. i. col. 148. i6mo. Vol., 4.92 2>2. X3.14; full pages, 3-93 X 3-42 ; devices, about 2.16 in. square. Register : A-Z, a and b, in 8s = 200 leaves or 400 pages ; 1-398 numbered, and 2 blank = 400 pages. Co7itents: p. i, title; p. 2, blank; pp. 3-7, "Clavd. Minos Chris- tophoro Plantino svo S.P.," "Lutetiae, Nonis Sextil. cb.lc.lxxxiii pp. 8-13, "De Emblemate;" p. 14, "Prsefatio;" pp. 15-250, "An- dreae Alciati Emblemata," i-ccxi ; pp. 251-380, " Clavdii Minois Divionensis Emblematvm Andreae Alciati Explicationes ;" pp. 381-392, "Andrese Alciati V. C. Vita per Clavd. Minoem con- scripta;" p. 395, Note relating to the omission of one emblem, Adversus natitraifi ;'' pp. 394-398, "Emblematvm Index." The 211 devices are from the same blocks as those in edition 1584, No. 108, and which were repeated in 1599 and 1608. Many of the blocks were used in Whitney's Choice of Emblemes, printed at Leyden in 1586. For the monogram A see Alciati's Life, pp. 85, 86. 119. Andrew | ALCIATI | V. C. | Emblemata:] Citm Clavdii Minois Diuionenjis ad \ eadem CoMMENTARiis. | Quibus Emblematum omnium aperta origine, | mens audloris explicatur, & obfcura | omnia dubiaque illuftrantur. | Editio OvARTA. I (Plantin's device and motto.) Lvgdvni Batavorvm, I Ex OFFiciNA Plantiniana, I Apud Francifciim Raphelengium. | cb.b.xciii. The Plantinian device, as in No. 1 17, has to be read from the left hand to the right, Labore et Constantia. Collation copy: From the library at Keir. Other copies: At Darmstadt D., Doiiai, Edinburgh, Leyden U., Munich Pub. and Munich U. Named by Mazzuchelli, vol. i. Svo Vol. See edition 1591, No. 117. Register, contents, emblems and devices exactly the same as in edition 1591, No. 117. No. 122 a.] A Iciati s Emblem-books. 227 120. Emblemata .... cum Claudii Minois com- mentariis. Apud loan. Tornaefium. 1594."] Collation copy : In the library, Lisbon, according to an answer thence received March 9th 1871. i2mo Vol., 12. ceiitim. x 8., or 4.72 Eng. in. X 3.14 ; full page., II. centim. X 7., or 4.33 in. X 2.75 ; devices, 4. ceiitim. X 5., or 1.57 in. X 1.96. These measurements are doubtful. Register : A-Q in 8s, R in 4=142 leaves or 284 pages; 1-253 numbered ; 28 unnumbered ; 3 blank ; total, 284 pages. Contents: 79 emblems. This collation is too general to be fully relied on. 121. Andreae Alciati Emblemata Lugd. Bat. 8vo. 1596."] Authority : The very brief reference made in Bernd's List, vol. i. p. 80. The edition probably the same with editions by Rapheleng, 1591 and 1593, Nos. 118, 119. 122. Emblemata Andreae Alciati 8vo. Francof. ad M. 1597."] Authority: Bernd's List, Bonn 1850. Erster-theil, p. 80. The place, Francfort-on-Maine, suggests that this edition was a reprint of the edition by N. Bassaeus 1582, No. 103, where the full title may be found. 122 a. SACRORVM I EMBLEMATVM | centvria vna, \ quce tarn ad exemplum apte ex~ \ preffa funt & ad afpedlum pulchre depingi | poffunt, quam qucc aut a veterihus \ accepta, aut inventa ab | alijs ha6lenus | extant. \ Intres clajfes difiributa, quarum \ prima emblemata Typica, fiue Allegorica : | Altera hiflorica, fiue re gefia : Tertia \ Phyfica, d rerum natura, \ fimipta continet. \ Omnia a puriffimis Scripturse fontibus de- riva- I ta, & Anglo-latinis verfibus reddita. | Ezechielis cap. iiij. vers. j. ij. 228 Bibliographical Catalogue, [No. 122 a. Vers. j. Tti ergo fiU hotninis^ accipe tibi tabulam^ \ qiiam proponas tibi, fculpito in ea civitatem \ lerufchalaima, \ Vers. ij. Et difponens in ea ob/idionem, extriienfq; \ in ea propitgnaciila, diffunde in ea miJfUia ca- \ tapidtaria. \ Ex officina lohannis Legate floren- \ tiffimae Academiae Can- tabrigienfis Typographi. There is no date to this book nor on it, but there is evidence to show- it could not have been printed before 1590, nor later than 1598. For sir Francis Walsingham, to whose widow emblem iii, is dedicated, died in 1590; and Francis Meres, in his Palladis Tamia, or Wifs Treastiry, in 1598, ranks Willet, Whitney and Combe as English emblematists. Colophon: On Sig. L2 v, " FINIS Collation copies : From the University library, Cambridge, and from the library at Keir. Named by J. Payne Collier and W. Carew Hazlitt,^^ both of whom assign to the volume only 32 leaves ; also ?tanied by Lowndes,^^ with 84 pages, the right nmiiber. 4to Vol., the Cambridge copy bound up with Tf^acts, 6.61 in. x 4.72 ; the Keir copy, 7.28 x 4.72 ; full pages, about 5.9 x 2.36 to 3.14- Contents : A i, title ; A?/, blank ; A 2-3, " Epistola dedicatoria," " Illvstrissimo Domino Comiti Essexio," &c. " Tui ho?W7'is in perpetuum deditissimus. And. Willet on A 3-L 2 " Emble- mata," numbered i-ioo. The emblems are all nude. To each of them there is a Latin motto or title; sometimes a dedication; always a reference to a text or texts of Scripture; a Latin stanza of from 4 to 70 lines, and " the same in English." The metres both of the Latin and English are various. Lowndes, vol. iv. p. 2926, says of these emblems, that they are " principally taken from Andrew Alciatus." And Graesse, in his Tresor, affirms : " Cet ouvrage d' Andrew Willet, fameux puritain anglais, est tire d'Alciat, et pent figurer parmi les traductions." See Collier's Bibliog. and Crit. Catalogue^ 1865, vol. ii. pp. 524-526. Col- lier gives a very good description of Willet's work. 82 See Hazlitt's Hand Book of Old Eng. Lit., 1867, p. 657. He mistakes, however, Andrew Willett for his brother Rowland. ^ See Bohn's edition oi Lowndes, 1864, vol. iv. p. 2926. No. 123. 1599.] A Iciatis Emblem-books. 229 On such authorities the title &c. of Willet's Sacred Em- hlems have been inserted in these pages ; but on close exa- mination of the 100 emblems seriatim, only two, emblem xxxi, " Sile7ttij cominejtdafio,'' and emblem xli, PostJiac occasio calva,^' have any resemblance to Alciati's emblems. Willet's " Tertia pars emblemattim Physicoruml' emblems Ixxvii-c, takes for six of its subjects : emblem Ixxvii, " The precious baulme from Arabique land ;" emblem Ixxviii, "The wormewood ;" emblem Ixxix, The mustard-seed ;" em- blem Ixxx, " The cedar in Lebanon ;" emblem Ixxxi " The fruitefull vine ;" and emblem Ixxxvi, " The mulbery ;" and so he may have been hastily supposed to have copied or translated from Alciati's " Arbores." But really there is no foundation whatever for making Willet even an imitator of the Emblem Swan of Milan. TJie Century of Sacred Em- blems has therefore affixed to it in our Catalogue simply a reference number, 122 a, and does not count as a link in our series. 123. Emblemata V. C. I ANDREW ALCIATI | MEDIOLANENSIS | Ivrisconsvlti ; | Ctim facili & compendiofa explicalioiie, qua obfcura\ illujlranhir, dtcbidque omnia foluuntur. \ Per Clavdivm Minoem I Diuionenfem. | Excerpta ex eiufdem in eadem Alciati e7nblema- \ ta maiorum vigiliarum comnienlainis. \ Ad calcem Alciati vita nuper ableodem Minoe confcripta. | (Plan- tin's device^ Ex officina Planliniana. \ Apvd Christophorvm Raphelengivm. I Academiae Lugduno-Bataui^ Typographum. | cb.b.ic. Collation copy : In the Bodleian library, Oxford. Other copies : At Berlin I., Bremen, Ghent U., Munich Pub., South Kensington, 230 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 124. Verona and Vienna I. Named in Bernd's List^ and in Weigel's Catalog. No. 20835. i6mo Vol, (bound with Callimachus and Junius)^ 5. in.-A'^p"] ; full pages ^ about 3.81 X 2.36 ; devices, about 2.16 in. square. Register: A-Z in 8s, a-b in 8s = 200 leaves or 400 pages; 1-398 numbered; 2 blank = 4oo pages. Contents : Exactly the same as in edition 159 1, No. 118. Respecting the 211 emblems and devices consult editions Nos. 108 and 118. Weigel remarks concerning this edition: " Mit dem bekanntem gestrichen Holzschnitten von dem Kiinst- ler mit dem Zeichen A, welcher fur Plantin geschnitten hat." 124. [" Emblemata V. C. Andreae Alciati . . . 8vo. Antv. 1599."] Authority : Bernd's Allg. Schrifteiikunde^ vol. i. p. 80, refers to this Antwerp edition, which, except in the place of printing, has the same relation to the 8vo edition 1591, No. 117, as the i6mo edition 1599, No. 123, has to the i6mo edition 1591, No. 118. 125. Sans frontifpiece, Six Embl. au fond def- quels on lit les vers d' Alciati, fon nom et le nom du graveur lean Sadeler (about 1599)."] Collation copy : In the Palatine library of Modena, whence the following particulars were sent by signor L. Carbonieri : I. CoNTENU. I (Embl. Noji tibi sed religioni), " Isidis effigiem," &c. (tous les 8 vers.). "A. Alciati auctor." "Joan Sadeler f." (Emb. vii.) 2 (Embl. Impossibile), "Abluis ^thiopem, &c." (en 2 vers). "I. Sadeler sc. et ex." "Andr. Alciat." (Emb. lix.) 3 (Embl. Desidiam abjiciendam), " Quisquis iners, abeat," &c. (tous les 4 vers). " Eg. Mostard pinx." "A. Alciat." " 1. Sade- ler sculpsit." (Emb. Ixxxi.) 4 (Embl. Qui alta conteinplantur cadere), " Dum turdos visco," &c. (tous les 6 vers). " Jofi Sadeler sculpsit Venetiis." "And. Alciat." (Emb. cihi.) 5 (Embl. De Morte et Amore), " Errabat socio Mors," &c. (seule- ment les premiers 6 vers). "Cum privil. Pontif". . . . "inv. Mat- thia Bril — Joa Sadeler sculp." "A. Alciat." (Emb. cliv.) No. 127. i6oo.] Alciatis Emblem-books. 231 6 (Embl. idein)^ " Debuit inde senex," &c. (les autres 6 vers). " Petri Stephani figur — Joan. Sadeler sc." "Alciat." (Emb. cliv.) II. Mesures. I Du Volume, 24.8 centim. x 34.1, i.e. 9.76 Eng. 13.42. 2 Des Planches sur cuivre, 19.5 a 20.1 centim.., sans les vers d'Alciat, et 21.2 a 21.8 centim.., avec les vers au fond., x 26.5 \ 27.1 centim. III. Observations. Le volume de gravures de plusieurs auteurs possede dans cette Bibliotheque contient trois autres emblem es - figures en cuivre par Jean Sadeler, et un entre autres on dirait representer celui d'Alciati : Miituiim auxiliiini; mais les vers qui se trouvent au bas ne sont pas d'Alciati, comme ne le sont pas les vers des deux autres emblemes desquels pourtant on voit que le Sadeler les executa a Venise Fan. 1599. For remarks on these engravings see Life of Alciati, pp. 87, 88. 126. Andreae Alciati V. C. Emblemata Lugduni. 410. 1600."] Authority : An edition of this place, size and date is mentioned in Bernd's Allg. Schriftcn-kiinde, vol. i. p. 80. It was probably similar to the following edition, No. 127, if not identical with it, excepting in being a quarto instead of an octavo. The 4to edition of 1600 has been named in the "Response" from Huesca; but from a later communication from the librarian, M. Mateo de La- sala, it appears that the copy in that university is an 8vo, a.d. 1600, — our No. 128. 127. ANDREW I ALCIATI I V. C. Emblemata. | Cum Claudii Minois ad eadem | Commentariis ■ & Notis I Pofterioribus, | Qtiibus Emblematum omnium \ aperta origine, mens auBoris \ expli- catur, & obfaira omnia \ dubiaque ilhijlrmitur. \ L VGDVm, I APVD H^RED. | GvLIELMI | ROVILLII. | M.DC. With the usual original Rovillian ornamented title. Collation copy : In the public library of Oporto. Ot/ier copies : Huesca U., Keir, Madrid N., Munich Pub., Salamanca and Sara- 232 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 128. gossa U. Named by Graesse, Weigel, Ducoin's Cat. Grenoble, 1835, vol. ii. p. 175, and Mazzuchelli, vol. i. p. 366. 8vo Vol., 17.3 centiin.% 11. 2, or 6.81 Eng. m.^ 4.4; full pages, 13.3 centim. x 7.7, or 5.23 in. x 3.63 ; devices, 6.1 centim. x 6.4, or 2.4 in. X 2.51. Register: Sig. initial 20 leaves; A-Z, Aa-Zz, Aaa-Fff, in 8s, Ggg in 2 = 440 leaves or 880 pages ; initial 40 pages unnum- bered ; I -8 1 8 numbered ; fmal 22 unnumbered; total, 880 pages. Contents : pp. (i, 2), title ; pp. (3 4), " Clavd. Minos Ivrisc. Lectori S. j" PP- (5-7 )j laudatory verses ; pp. (8-17), Clavd. Minos Divi- onensis Lectori Stvdiosa et Candido," "Lutetise cio.id.lxxx. ;" pp. (i8-2i), Scaliger's &c. opinions; pp. (23-37), " Alciati vita ;" pp. 1-13, " Syntagma de Symbolis ;" pp. 13-15, " De emblemate ;" pp. 16-19, "Alciati prsefatio;" pp. 20-704, Emblemata 197, Ar- bores i4 = i-ccxi; pp. 705-786, "Not^ Posteriores ad Alciati Emblemata | Per Clavdivm Minoem Aevrepac (ppovrlSe^, \ Editio vltima. I (Device, An eagle on a globe, and two serpents with tails interlaced; motto, ' m virtvte | et fortvna.') Lvgdvni, | Apud Hseredes Gulielmi Rovillii. | m.d.c. ;" pp. 787-800, Interpretatio Graecorum;" pp. 801-814, "Ad Alciati Emblemata Laudatio ;" pp. 815-818, "Emblematum Index in locos communes;" 2 pp. blank; final 22 pages, " Index Rerum." Respecting emblems, devices, &c., reference may be made to editions 1551, 1564, 1566, 1574 and 1580, Nos. 47,48, 70, 75, 89 and 97. 128. OMNIA I Andrew Alci- |ati V. C. Emble-| MATA. I Cum Commentariis, | quibus emblema- tum 1 dete6la origine, dubia | omnia et obfcura illuf- I trantur. | AdieBce \ Nouce appendices nuf- quam \ antea editce\Per. Claud Minoem \ lurifcon: \ Parts/is, \ Inofficina loan. Richerii\fumptibus. j Cum Priui. Regis. | m.dc.i. The title is on a monumental slab, between two pillars, at the foot of which is engraved Jacques \ de Weert, — the artist's name. See Life of Alciati, p. 87. Collation copy : In the University library, Cambridge. Other copies : Besan9on, Lausanne, Le Mans, and Naples N. No, 129. 1602.] Alciatis Emblem-books. 233 8vo Vol., 7. iji. x 4.25 ; full pages, with marginal notes, 5.63 x 3.54; devices, with borders, 2.75 x 2.87. Register : a, e and 1, in 8s ; A-Z, Aa-Zz, Aaa-Qqq, in 8s ; Rrr 4 = 524 leaves or 1048 pages; initial pages, 48 unnumbered; pp. 1-968 (should be 970) numbered ; final 30 pages unnumbered ; total, 1048. Co7ife?its : On a, title; az^, blank; aij, aiij, "Viro Patricio, ac nobili, Lodoico Segvierio, in svprema Galliarvm cvria Senatori Regio, & Ecclesiae Parisiensis Decano lectissimo," " Lutetiae ad X Calend. Sept. ;" aiij v-3. 5, " Lectori ;" a 5 z^, a 6, Greek stanzas, and their Latin translation. " De his in Alciati Emblemata com- mentarijs;" a 5 7;-e, laudatory verses, "ad Clavdivm Minoem;" eij-6, " Epistola Priorvm Editionvm," "Lutetiae cb.b.lxxx. ;" e 7- 16, " Vita Alciati ;" i 6 8, Scaliger, Gyraldus and Anulus, in praise of Alciatus ; pp. 1-33, " De Symbolis ;" pp. 33-35, " De Emblemate;" pp. 36-40, " Proefatio, ad Ch. Peutingerum Aug. ;" pp. 41-887, "Andreae Alciati Emblemata," i-cxcvii ; pp. 888-926, Arbores, cxcviii-ccxi ; pp. 927-950, " Interpretatio Graecorum ;" pp. 951-964, "Ad Alciati Emblemata Lavdatio;" pp. 965-968, " Emblematvm Index ;" Ppp 6-Rrr iij, " Index Rervm et Ver- borvm;" Rrriiij, " Extraict du Priuilege," Paris, le 14. Aoust. 160I, GVOGVIER." The devices appear to be from the same blocks as those of edition 1589, No. 114. 129. OMNIA I Andre/e Alci-|ati V. C. Emble-| MATA. I CumCommentariis | quibus emblematum [ dete6la origine, dubia | omnia, et obfcura illuf- trantur. | Adie^ce \ Nomcs appeiidices nufquam\ antea editcu. \ Per Claud. Minoem \ Iurifcon:\ Paris IIS. \ In officina loan. Richerii\fumptibus.\ Stephani \ Valleh \ fub Bibliis \ aiireis e regi- one I Co I legit Reme/is, \ 1602. | Czcm Priui. Regis. The title is engraved on a monumental slab with pillars, and sur- mounted by a portrait of Alciati. Engraver, laques de Wart, See Life of Alciati, p. 87. Colophon: On Rrr iij v, "FiNIS." 234 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 130. Collation copies : From the Thingwall library, and Mr. Green, Knutsford. Other copies: At the Bodleian library, Oxford, and Venice (S. Mark's). 8vo Vol., 6.96 in. x 4.33 ; pages ^ with marginal notes, 5.63 x 3.54; devices, with borders, 2.75 x 2.37. Register : Exactly the same with that of edition 1601, No. 128. Cojitents : Except that " Extraict du Priuilege " is on sig. i 8 v, the contents of edition No. 129 are the same with those of edition No. 128. The emblems, by misprint ccxiij, are 211. The Notce Posterior es of the Paris edition 1589, No. 114, are in this edition placed each as an Appendix Xo its peculiar commentary. 130. OMNIA j Andrew Alci- | ati V. C. Emble-| MATA. I Cum Commentariis, | quibus emblema- tum I detefta origine, dubia \ omnia, et obfcura illuf- I trantur. | A dieses \ Noucs appendices nuf- quam \ antea editce. \ Per Claud. Minoem \ hirif- con: I Parisiis. \ In officina loan. Richerii\fump- tibus I Francifci \ Gueffier in tiia D. Ioannis\ lateranejis e regione \ CoUegii Cameracefis. 1 1602. Engraved border with portrait of Alciati, as in edition No. 129. Collation copy : From the library at Keir. Other copies : At Amiens, Avignon, Cambridge U., Copenhagen R., Darmstadt D., Douai, Holkham, Pisa U., La Rochelle and Toulouse. Named in Bernd's List, p. 80, and Mazzuchelli's Scrittori d' Italia, vol. i. p. 367- 8vo Vol., 7.08 in. X4.21. See Nos. 128 and 129. Co?itents : The same as in editions Nos. 128 and 129, the em- blems being similarly numbered ccxiii by misprint for ccxi ; and the Notce Posteriores of edition 1589, No. T14, each forming an Appendix to its commentary. At the end of the emblems, at p. 926, is inscribed : " TiBi vni Christo, Opt. Max. Gloria." The three editions, Nos. 128, 129 and 130 are essentially the same, except in having three publishers, Richerius, Valletus and Gueffier. No. 132. i6o8.] A Iciati s Emblem- books. 235 131. OMNIA I Andrew Alci- | ati V. C. Emble- MATA. I Cum Commentariis, | quibus emblema- tum I dete6la origine, dubia | omnia et obfcura illuf- I trantur. | AdieHcs \ Nouce appendices nuf- quam | antea editce. \ Per Clavd. Minoem \ Iurifco7i:\ Par IS J IS, \Ex officina loaji. Rickerii\fumptibus. Stephani \ Valleti fub Bibliis \ attreis e reoio7ie\ Collegii Remejis. \ 1608. | Ctim Priuil. Regis. The title is on a monumental slab, like edition 1602, No. 129. Collation copy : In the library of Douai, France. Other copies : Madrid N., Mazarine (Paris), Munich Pub., Nimes, and M. Be- thwie^ Bruges. Named in Mazzuchelli's Scrittori d'ltalia, vol. i. p. 367, as a reprint of Richer's edition 1602. 8vo Vol., 18. centim. x 11., or 7.08 Eng. i/i. x 4.33 ; other mea- sures as in edition 1602, No. 128. Register and Conte?ifs : See Nos. 128 and 129. Observation : The wood-engravings are within squares of arabesque and animals. 132. OMNIA|Andre^ Alci-|atiV. C.|Emble-| MATA. I Cum Commentariis, | quibus emblema- tum I dete6la origine, dubia | omnia et obfcura illuf- I trantur. | A dieses \ Notics appendices n2if- qtiam \ a7itea editce. \ Per Clazid. Minoeui \ Itiri/con: \ Paris I IS. \In officina loan. Richerii\f2tmptibus. \ Francifci \ Gueffier in via D. loannis \ lateran- eiijis I e reoio7ie | Collegii Cameracefis. \ 1608, | Cum priuil. Regis. The title is engraved within a portal of Tuscan columns, on the arch of which is a fine portrait of Alciati ; below the left hand column is engraved laques ; under the right the name de Weertz or de Weert. Colophon : On the last page, " Extraict du Priuilege." " Signe " Gvogvier." 236 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No, 133. Collation copy : In the library of the university of Cracow. Other copy : At Oporto. 8vo Vol., 17.6 centiin. x 11., or 6.92 Eng. in. x 4.33 ; other mea- surements as in edition 1602, No. 128. Register and Contents are the same as in edition 1602, No. 128. Observatio7is : The borders of the plates bear no mono- gram or engraver's mark. The devices are an exact copy of the woodcuts in another edition of Alciati's emblems, that by Plantin, 158 1, but the borders are not the same. 133. Andrew Alciati | v. c. | EMBLEMATA| CVM I Clavdii Minois I. c. I Commentariis Ad pofbremum Audloris editionem | audlis & recog- nitis. I (The Plantin device, Hand and compaj/es ; motto, LABORE ET CONSTANTIA.") Ex OFFICINA Plantiniana. I Raphelengii. I 1608. The title is within simple straight lines. Colophon: FiNIS. Colla*ion copy : From the library of Dr. Conrad Leemans of Ley- den. Other copies : At Berlin I., British Museum, Copenhagen R., Dresden R., the Hague R., Holkham, Keir, Liege, Lisbon, Mo- dena Pal., Munich Pub. and U., Oporto, Rimini, Stuttgart R., Thingwall, M. Befhtme, Bruges, and Mr. Green, Knutsford. Named in Bernd's List, p. 80. 8vo Vol., 18.3 centiin. X 11.5, or 7.2 Eng. in. X 4.52 ; full pages, 14.5 centiin. x 9., or 5.7 in. X 3.46 ; devices, about 5.5 centiin. square, or 2.16 square inches. Register : Part i. t 2, IM 8, A-N, in 8s, O 6 = 120 leaves or 240 pages; initial 20 unnumbered; 1-218 numbered; 2 blank = 240 pages. Part ii. A-Z, a-y, in 8s, z 4=364 leaves or 728 pages; 1-698 numbered; final 28 unnumbered, and 2 blank = 728 pages. Contents : Part i. t title ; + v, blank ; t 2, " Typographvs Lectori;" t 2 v, "Effigies Andreas Alciati;" 8, "Vita Alciati ;" 8 v, " Ivlii Csesaris Scaligeri Ivdicivm," and Lilivs Gyraldvs ;" pp. 1-4, " Emblematvm Index in locos communes ;" p. 5, "Prasfatio ad Ch. Peutingerum ;" pp. 6-204, "Andreas Alciati Emblemata," i-cxcvii; pp. 205-218, Emb. cxcviii-ccxi. Part II. p. i, "Clavdii Minois | L C. | COMMENTARII | No. 134. 1608.] Alciatis Emblem-books. 237 AD I Emblemata I Andr. Alciati. I Ad postremam Auctoris re- cognitionem | aucti & recogniti;" p. 2, blank; pp. 3, 4, " Viro patritio ac7iobili Lodoico Segvierio," &c. ; pp. 5-7, "Epistola ad Lectorem;" pp. 8-15, " Epistola priomm editionum," "Lutetiae, ciD.iD.LXxx. p. 16, the sixteen Greek lines of Nic. Gvlonivs, and the Latin translation, " De his in Alciati Emblemata commen- tariis;" pp. 17-21, laudatory Latin verses, ''ad Claud. Minoem;" pp. 23-45, "Syntagma De Symbolis pp. 46, 47, " De Emble- mate;" pp. 48-60, "Ad Alciati Emblemata Lavdatio pp. 61- 696, " Clavd. Minois Comment, ad Emblemata (ccxi) And. Al- ciati p. 696, Colophon^ " Tibi vni, Christe opt. Max. Gloria pp, 697, 698, " Monitio ad Lectorem Finis. On 28 pages, " Index rervm et verborvm 2 pages blank. In this edition the text of Alciati's emblems and the woodcuts are altogether disjoined from the commentary. The devices used were probably first cut for the Plan- tinian edition of 1584, and served for succeeding editions. Several bear the monogram A, for an explanation of which see Alciati's Life, p. 85. The portrait has been regarded as a copy of that in De ^xy'?> Icones, Frankfort 1597, but except in the features it is very different. De Bry has neither the same emblemati- cal figures nor the verses by Arias Montanus, which are given in Reusner's work in 1589.^* 134. Andr. Alciati Emblemata, cum Claud. Minois Commentariis au6lis et recognitis. Ant- verp. ex offic. Pla7itin. i6o8,^8vo, cum fig."] Authority : See Bihlioth. Bunavianae^ Lipsiae, 4to, 1752, tome i. vol. iii. p. 1989, Scriptores de Emblematibus and Bernd's Allg. Certainly it is not a copy from Valdkirch's *^Icones sine Imagines viiice, Uteris CI. Virornm Italiae, Graeciae, Germaniae, Galliae, Angliae, Vngariae," with various Elogia by Nicolas Reusner, 8vo, Basileae cb.b.xic. 1589. To each Icon is appended an epitaph, that to Alciati places his death "Naturae anno M.D.XLiix. i.e. 1548," which is incorrect. To Alciati also are assigned in this work, O 5-6, nine sets of laudatory verses from Montanus, Scaliger, Reusner, &c. 238 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 134 Schriften-kunde^ vol. i. p. 80. In the returns made to our circular of 1870 the libraries at Bremen, Holkham, Modena Pal. and Stras- bourg reported the possession of copies of this Antwerp 1608 edi- tion; but on repeating the inquiries in 187 1, Bremen, Holkham and Modena all appear to mean, not an Antwerp but a Leyden edition, ex off. Plan tin. 1608. The authorities we have given are certainly questionable. 134 a. ["And. Alciati Emblemata 8vo. Lugduni 1608."] Authority: An edition mentioned by Bernd in his Allg. Schriften- kunde, vol. i. p. 80 ; but no collateral evidence being found, such an edition is not counted in our Catalogice, See however edition 1600, No. 126. 135. DELITIAE | C. C. Italorvm | Poetarvm HUivs sv- I PERiORiSQUE AEVi | illuftrium. I Col- le^ore \ Ranvtio Ghero. \ (Device, Time on a winged stag.) Proftant in officina lonse Rofse. | CI0.I3.CVIII. Collatio7i copy: In the library of the university of Glasgow. Other copies : None reported. Named in Audiffredi's Catatogtis, Rome 1761, vol. i. p. 91. i6mo Vol., 4.8 2>/. x 3.3. Register: Including title and 8 leaves unnumbered= 16 pages; then 1-1399 piges numbered; index, 30 pages; errata, i page; total, 1466 pages. Contents: At pp. 12-56, "Andrese Alciati Mediolanensis Em- blemata." Alciati's text is simply given, with the mottoes, but without any devices. The emblems are numbered 1-2 16. At the end is placed the stanza to Peutinger, a position in which probably it is nowhere else found. 136. Emblemata | v. c. | ANDREW ALCIATI | Mediolanensis | Ivrisconsvlti ; | Cum facili & compendiofa explicatione, qua obfcura ilhif- trantur^ dubiaq; omnia folmmtur. \ Per Clav- No. 137 a. 1611.] Alciatis Emblem-books. 239 DivM MiNOEM Diuionenfem. | Emfdem Alciati Vita. I (Plantin s device) Ex officina Planti- '^\mK,\RAPHELENGIL | 161O. Collation copy : In the library at Keir. Other copies : At Aber- deen U. and at Stockholm. Named hy Bernd, 1830, p. 80. 8vo Vol., 4.6 iji. x 2.95 ; full pages, 3.93 X 2.36 ; devices, 2.16 /'^r-^^i- square. See Catalogue, No. 118. Register : A-Z, a and b, in 8s =200 leaves or 400 pages \ num- bered 1-398; blank 2=400 pages. Contejits : See edition 1591, Catalogue No. 118; and also for other particulars. 137. [''A PART of the Emblems of Alciati, with a METRICAL VERSION into English. A Manuscript of the time of James I."] Collation copy : In the library at Thingwall. Folio Vol., 12. iii x 7.55 ; full pages, about 9.25 X4.84 ; devices, about 4.72 inches square. Register: Initial 2 leaves blank; then 1-90 leaves, but 73 is given twice; therefore 91 leaves written upon ^7;/ in Italian verse; and 4° an " avvertimento," or exposition. The emblems omitted are 46, 62, 112, 118, 119, 120, 155, 156, 206, 208 and 211, but a new one is inscribed " Cedro." At pp. 61 and 62 of Alciati's Life, examples are given of the translation of the emblem vii, " Non tibi, sed religionV,' into Italian verse by Marquale, Cadamosto and Amalteo ; we add here Capaccio's translation of the same stanzas : " Si porta rispetto alia Religione AsiNo, ET Imagine La beir imago hatiea d^Lside in dorso VrC asinel, che visto Riiierente chifiarsi il popol misto, Sifigofifio, e riiroso; E tosto diiiemito baldanzoso, Disse; Tal i7ierto eH mio ? Gli rispose il flagello; LLor segiii il cor so, Non vedi, bestial, che porti vn Dio ? " The " Avvertimento " which Capaccio appends to his translation shows how readily under his hands a meaning applicable to state policy and the princely bearing may be extracted from Alciati's emblems. Tiberius, he informs us, exiled Lucilius Capito for having a guard of soldiers to which his office did not entitle him ; Augustus condemned Cornelius Gallus for insolently assuming honours in Egypt. On the other hand, Cato of Utica is praised for his modesty, and in declaring that officials are servants, not masters ; princes are exhorted to have a prudent eye over the exces- sive authority of their magistrates ; and courtiers should not be haughty in discharging their functions. No. 152. i62i.] Alciatis Emblem-books. 253 After a similar fashion are composed the other notes of the author ; it is easy therefore to see, that with far greater appropriateness than was at first apparent, he gives to his work the high title of " II Principe," and names his " Avvertimenti " " Politici e Morali." Capaccio was tutor to Frederick II., prince of Urbino, son (or more probably grandson) of Francisco Maria del Rovere, nephew of pope Julius 11. He had been secretary to the city of Naples, and was himself an emblematist of no mean fame.^^ He wrote also a History of Naples, pub- lished in 1607. 152. V. Cl. Andrew Alciati | EMBLEMATA | cum Commentarijs ampliffimis. This is a fine frontispiece title, with splendid emblematical border. ANDREiE Alciati | EMBLEMATA | cvm com- MENTARIIS I ClAVDII MiNOIS I. C. FrANCISCI Sanctii Brocencis, I et Notis | Lavrentii Pig- NORii Patavini. I NoMiffima hac editione in continuam vnius Comment arii feriem co7igeJlis^ in certas qua/- \ dam qttaji Clajfes difpofitis^ et phtfquam dimidia parte au6lis. \ Opera et vigi- Liis ] loANNis Thvilii Mariaemontani Tirol. I Phil. & Med. D. atq; olim in Archiduc. Friburg. Brifgoiae | Vniuerfitate Human, liter. Profefforis ^ See "Belli Impress trattato Di Givlio Cesare Capaccio, In tre Libri diuiso." "In Napoli Appresso Gio. Giacomo Carlino, & Antonio Pace. 1592," 4to. book i. leaves 84; book ii. leaves 148; book iii. leaves 60; — all with many well-executed woodcuts. Also, " Gli Apologi del Signor Givlio Cesare Capaccio, Gentil' huomo del Serenissimo Signor Duca d'Vrbino; con le Dicerie Morali, &c. Venetia, M. DC, XIX. Appresso Barezzo Barezzi," The earlier editions were printed in Naples in 1602 and 1607, sm. 8vo. 2 54 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 152. ordinarii. [ Opus Copiosa Sententiarum, Apophthegma- tum, Adagiorum, Fabularum, Mythologiarum Hiero- | gly- phicorum, Nummorum Pidurarum & Linguarum varietate inftru6lum & exornatum : | Proinde omnibus Antiquitatis & bonarum litterarum Hudiofis cum primis viris. | Acceffe- runt in fine Federici Morelli Profefforis Regii Corollaria & \ Monita, ad eade7n Emblemata. \ CvM Indice Triplici. I (Device, Angels holding an oval glory ; within it, I.H.S.) Patauij apud Petrum Paulum Tozzium. | Sub Signo S. S. Nominis Ies v. i 6 2 i . Colophon : " Patavii, | Ex Typographia Laurentii Pasquati. M.DC.XXI." Within an extraordinary fine device, A dog reading ; motto, "Cane lectu sternere magnus labor." Collation copies : From the library at Keir. Other copies : Avig- non, Bale, Berlin I., Bodleian, Bologna U., British Museum, Cambridge U., Catana, Copenhagen R., Ferrara, Florence N., the Hague R., Leyden U., Madrid N., Messina, Milan Arab., Modena Pal., Munich Pub. and U., Naples N., Pisa U., Rimini, Siena, Thingwall, Turin R. U., UhTi, Venice St. Marks, Verona, Mr. Bates, Birmingham, Mr. Cautley, Dr. Leemans, Leyden, and the Mazarine, Paris. Named in Bernd's List, p. 80; Cat. Bib. Borbon., Naples 1832, vol. i. p. 58; Cat. du Roy, Paris 1750, vol. ii. p. 154 ; Cicognara's Cat., vol. i. p. 314 ; and Graesse, vol. i. p. 62. 4to Vol., 9.84 x 6.77 ; full pages, with marginal notes, 7.48 X 5.31 ; devices^ 3.34 in. square. Register : a-e in 83 = 40 leaves or 80 pages, i-lxxx ; A-Qqq in 8s, Rrr 6 = 502 leaves or 1004 pages; numbered 1-1003; colo- phon I = 1004 pages; total, 1084. Contents : pp. v, vi, " Reuerendissimo Patri ac Domino D. Malao de Oddis, Monasterij celeberrimi Sancti Benedicti, Patauini Abbati optime merito, Petrus Paulus Tozzius Bibhopola S.P.D. ;" pp. vii- xii, ^' Prsefatio loannis Thvilii Mariaemontani Tirol, De novissima hac sva Emblematvm Alciati editione ;" pp. xiii-xvi, " Vita Alciati per CI. Minoem ;" pp. xxxvi-xxxvii, various sets of verses ; pp. No. 154. 1622.] Alciati's Emblem-books. 255 xxxix-xliv, " Claudii Minois Epistola priorum editioniim pp. xlv-lxiv, "Syntagma De Symbolis;" pp. Ixv-lxxiv, ''Oratio Minois," "Ex Kal. Maias 1576/' pp. Ixxv-lxxvii, "Index Emblematvm in locos communes 1-212; pp. Ixxviii-lxxx, "Index alter Emble- matum." Pp. 1-6, "Praefatio ad Ch. Peutingemm pp. 9-889, " Andreae Alciati Emblemata," i-ccxii;" p. 889, " Epilogvs loannis Thuilii Marigemontani ;" pp. 890-905, " Frederici Morelli Corol- laria pp. 906-1000, "Index Rerum et Verborum;" colophon. After being banished from very many editions the offensive device, emblem Ixxx, is again introduced, raising the number of emblems to 212. Of the 212 devices, 211 are all from the same new blocks as the Paduan edition 1616, No. 149. Mazzuchelli avers, vol. i. p. 366, No. 112, that owing to the introduction of the offensive device to emblem Ixxx, the emblems of Alciati were prohibited in the index of Spain, donee cor rigantiir^' until they were amended. The work nevertheless is a noble monument of learned labour. 153. Andreae Alciati V. C. Emblemata Lugd. Bat. 4to. 1621."] Authority: Bernd's Allg. Schriften-kimde der gesajnmte?i Wap- penwissensehaft, Bonn 1820, vol. i. p. 80. 154. Emblemata|v. c. I ANDREAE ALCIATI | Mediolanensis I IvRiscoNSVLTi, | Cum facili & compendiofa explicatione, qua ob | fcura illuf- trantur, dubiaque omnia foluuntur. | Per Clav- DivM MiNOEM I Diuionenfem. | Eiiifdem Alciati vita. I (Plantin's device) Antverpi^, | Ex offi- ciNA Plantiniana, | Apud Balthafarem Moretum, & Viduam | loannis Moreti, & I. Meurfmm. | M.DC.XXII. Colophon: "Antverpi^, | Ex officina Plantiniana | Balthasaris Moreti. | m.dc.xxii." 256 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 155. CoUaiio7i copy: From the library of Keir. Other copies: Bo- logna Arch., British Museum, Dresden R., Ghent U., Madrid N., and Saragossa U. Named in Bernd's List^ p. 80. i6mo Vol., 4.72 //a X 3.34 ; full pages, 3.85x2.36; devices, about 2.2 i?i. square. Register: Identical with edition 1591, No. 118. Contents : Except by inserting an approbatio at p. 8, the contents of this edition, No. 154, are the same with those of edition 1591, No. 118 ; so are the emblems and devices, which are from the old blocks. 155. Emblemi I Di I ANDREA ALCIATO | HVOMo cHiARissiMO | Dal Latino Nel Vulgare Italiano Ridotti | Co7itenenti II Fiore Et la Sojlanza \ De Piu Scelte Scrittori & Delle Piu Celebri Difci- | pline dell' Vniuerfo | Ripieno di Ottimi Configli & Saluteuoli Documenti. | Per r Vfo Ciuile Et Morale delta Vita Htimana. \ Dedicati ] Al M. Illvstre Sig. | Giacomo PiGHETTi. I (Device, | A S)- Padoua per P. P. Tozzi. M.DC.XXVI. ^ This is the first title ; the second title follows : Emblemata | ANDREW ALCIATI | viri CLARissiMi I Latine Ac Italice Edita Pavlo ^MiLio I Cadmvsto I Patr. Vicetino Interprete. Colophon: " Patavii, | Ex Typographia Petri Pauli Tozzij.) M.DC.XXVI. I SVPERIORVM PERMISSV." Collation copy : In the library of the British Museum. Other copies'. At the Bodleian, Bologna Arch., Copenhagen R., Florence N., Keir, Milan Amb., Rimini, Venice St. Mark's, and Verona. Named in Graesse's Tresor, vol. i. p. 62 ; Bernd's Allg. Schriften- hmde, vol. i. p. 81 ; and Mazzuchelli's Scrittori, vol. i. p. 367. Sm. 8vo Vol., 6.41 in. X 4.35 ; full pages, 5.1 1 x 3.34; devices, about 2.12 in. square. No. 156. 1628.] Alciatis Emblem-books. 257 Register: t in 4, A-X in 8s, Y in 4=176 leaves or 352 pages ; initial 8 unnumbered; 1-343 numbered; i blank = 35 2 pages. Cofitetits: On sig. t 2, " Al Illvstre Sig. Mic. Colendiss/' "A di 6 Decembre 1625 ;" " Pietro Pavlo Tozzi ;" 1 3, the second title ; 1 3 z^, dedication, " Cadmvstis Fratribvs Gemellaeque Sorori Vir- giniae," &c., " Fert Pavlvs Datque ^milius;" t4, " Prcefatio ad Ch. Pevtingervm Augustanum;" pp. 1-3 12, "Andre^e Alciati Em- blemata," i-ccxii ; pp. 313-324; Index capilvm Emblematvm ;" pp. 325-334, "Tavola de' Piincipii Di gli P^mblemi Italiani;" pp. 335-337, "Varie Lettioni ;" pp. 338-343, ''Errori;" p. 343, colophon. In order, the parts of the 212 emblems are thus arranged: 1° the Latin motto, the device, and Latin stanza; 2° the Italian motto and translation. The devices are taken from Tozzi's former editions. For an example of this translation see Alciati's Life, p. 62. Of P. E. Cadamosto no mention is made in Tira- boschi's Storia della Litteratura Italiana ; but Francisco S. Quadrio states " Paulo Emilio Cadamosto, by country from Vicenza, was a gentleman by birth, a scholar of Cesare Cremonini, and a good philosopher." Elsewhere he uses a very depreciating expression respecting the translator : Emblenii dell Alciati volgarizzati da Paulo Emilio Cada- mosto." 156. Clarissimi Viri I DN. ANDREW | Alciati Emble- I matiLin libri dtto \ Au6li & reftituti, et perelegantibus | figuris illufhrati. | Cum fiic- cinflis Commentariolis \ Addiius efi index locit- pleliffimits. \ (Device, A serpent encircling a wreath; motto, ''quod tibi | fieri non | vis, ALTERI [ NE FECERIS." | GeNEV^. | Typis et fumptibus loannis de Tournes. | cid.idc.xxviii. ^ See Indice Universale della Sioria e ragionc d''ogiii Poesie, Milan, 4to, 1752, vol iii. pp. 317 and 419. S 258 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 157. Collation copy : In the library of Wm. Bates, esq., Birmingham. Other copy : At Wiesbaden. i6mo Vol., 4.75 in. X 3.25 ; full pages, 3.75 X 2.5 ; devices, 1.43 Xi.93. Register: Initial pages 14, unnumbered; final 12 unnumbered; 1-258 numbered; total, 284 pages. Contents : On 3 pages, "loan. Tornaesius Lectori S. ;" on 3 pages, " Magnifico, generoso atque iliustri Domino loanni Menesio Soto- major Domino in Cantanhede," &c., " Sebastianus Stockhamerus Germanus S. ;" on 6 pages, "De Alciato excerpta ex Laudatione CI. Minois ad Emblemata ;" on i page, " In titulum libeUi ; Prae- fatio ad D. Ch. Peutingerum ;" pp. 1-241, Emblemata; on 12 pages, " Index Rerum et Verborum," &c. For a similar edition by De Tournes see Catalogue, No. 138. 157. Emblemata V. C. Andreae Alciati Antverpiae. 8vo. 1632."] Authority: Bernd's Allgeui. Sckriften-kuncle, &c., Bonn 1850, vol. i. p. 80. 158 ['^Emblemata V. C. Andrew Alciati Amstelodami. 8vo. 1635."] Authority: Bernd's Allgem. Schriften-hmde, &c., Bonn 1850, vol. i. p. 80. 158 a. EMBLEMES | Illujlrated \ by \ Geo. Wither. Printed on a globe. This is the title for the Frontispiece, to which itself there is a Preposition of 46 lines of verse. The frontispiece, which is highly emblematical, fills a whole page, and bears on it, " Wilt. Marshall, sculpt:' A I COLLECTION | of | EMBLEMES, I ANCIENT AND I MODERNE : I Quickened | With Metricall Illvs- TRATiONS, both I Morall and Divine. And difpofed into | Lotteries, | That Jnjlruction, and Good Coimsell, may bee furthered | by an Honefl and Pleafant Recreation. \ By George Wither. | The Firjl Booke. \ (Within an ornamented border, A winged death's head, scythe and hour glass ; motto, No. is8a. 1635.] A Iciati s Emblem-books. 259 "non PLUS.") London, | Printed by A. M. for Robert Milbourne^ and | are to be sold at the Gray-hoiind in Pauls Church- I yard, m.dc.xxxv. There are four other imprints met with for the title of this first book, namely, for Robert Allot, John Grismond, Richard Royston, and Henry Tannton. The following is the Imprint to books, 2, 3 and 4 : London, | Printed by Augvstine Mathevves. | m.dc.xxxiv. CoUatio7i copy : From the library at Keir. Other copies : British Museum, Thingwall, &c., Mr. Cautkys, and Mr. Corser's (with five imprints of the title-page of the first book), Mr. Huth's, &c. ; and refei'ciices in Brunet's Manuel, vol. v. col. 1 466-1 467 ; Hazlitt's Bibl. Old Eng. Lit., p. 866 ; and Lowndes's Bib. Man., vol. iv. p. 2966. Folio Vol., 11.78 x 7.67 ; f7'ontispiece, 10.94x6.49; full pages, within the lines, about 10.55 X5.27; devices, in circles, dia- meter about 5.74 in. ; lottery plate, 10.31 X 4.92. Register : The signatures and pagination are very irregular, the latter passing from p. 124 to p. 135, and p. 196 to p. 209. The true number of leaves in a perfect copy is 148, making 296 pages, of which the unnumbered pages are 48, and the numbered 248, — by miscounting printed 270. The Conteids of the work, divided into four books by Wither, with what he terms " Lotteries" added to each,^^ are, as far as the copperplates, mottoes and subjects are concerned, almost identical with those of the Nvclevs Emblematvm, 1611-1613, by Gabriel Rollenhagen, to which the plates were contributed by Crispin De Passe. See No. 137 a. It has been chiefly owing to a passage in the Retrospective Review, vol. ix. pp. 125-131, that Wither has been regarded as extensively an imitator and close follower of Alciati. Thus, p. 125 : " Alciatus, in his leisure hours, composed his book of emblems, the first edition of which was published in 1535,^^ and to him ^ "To advance the booksellers' profits," says the Retrospective Rruiew, vol. ix. p. 131, "Wither added lotteries to the emblems." The idea probably was taken from John David's Veridicvs Christianvs, Antv., 4to, 1601, pp. 350-374, where the lottery is termed Orbita Probitatis ad Christi imi- tationem veridico Christiano svbserviens. 91 See Alciati's Life^ pp. 9. 10, and Bib. Catalogue, No. 8, p. 125. 26o Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 158 a. many subsequent writers of emblems have been indebted, particu- larly Wither, who has adopted a great many of his designs." The reviewer then extracts two of the illustrations : one is Alciati's 120th emblem, the other \{\.'s, 177th; the designs being, A man with wings on the right hand, but kept down by a heavy weight on the other ; and A helmet, in which bees have made honey. Wither, in the 42nd illustration of his 3rd book, 'Ogives an accurate description of this print," i.e. of emblem 120; and in the 28th illustration, book 2nd, Wither has to emblem 177 made "the addition of certain implements of war. The commencement of it will serve as a translation of that of Alciatus, though the point is lost," From these instances it is left to be inferred that Wither frequently imitated and sometimes translated Alciati's em- blems, and the inference is strengthened in vol. ix. p. 131 : Many of the prints and illustrations, especially the former, are borrowed from Alciatus, and such as he has made use of are am- plified, and frequently, though not always, improved. All the illustrations consist of thirty lines each, a limitation which, as might be expected, is sometimes productive of weakness. The general character of Wither's emblems is that of sound morality, enforced in a sensible style, tinctured with warm religious feel- ings, and some of them adorned with a few fresh and fragrant flowers of poetry." Now there are no emblems and illustrations among the two hundred employed by Wither in his fotir books which did not appear before in the NVCLEVS by RoUenhagen, No. 137a; but the NvCLEVS Emblematvm has only from twelve to fifteen emblems traceable to either designs or stanzas published by Alciati, and Wither has no more.^^ Our conclusion is, though Wither offers several instances in 92 They are : Wither's Illust. I. 2, to Alciati's Emb. 157. Wither's Ulust. III. 4, to Alciati's Emb. 18. 3. j> ^2,1. „ zz, 4. 10, » 89- » 27, 157- II. 10, „ 14J. „ 40, „ III. 18, „ 41. „ 42, „ no. 16, „ 118. „ 45, 40. z8, ,, 177. „ IV. 42, 148. No. 1 60. 1648.] Alciatis Emblem-books. 261 which he imitates Alciati, as he imitates Symeoni, Whitney, and others, — he is not to be ranked among the EngHsh writers who have to any great degree found their originals in the old emblems of Milan. Perhaps not above two or three of Withers illustrations can be rightly named trans- lations from Alciati. 159. Clariss. viRi I DN. ANDREyE ALCIATI] Emblematum libri duo, | Au6li & reftituti, & perelegantibus \ Jiguris ilhijlrati. \ Cum fuc- cin6lis Commentariolis | Additus eft index loctc- pletiffimus. \ (J^^Vizo,, Serpent enclosing a shield ; motto, " QVOD TIBI I FIERI NON | VIS ALTERI | NE FECERis.") Sumptibus loannis de Tournes, | Reip. & Academiae Typographi. | m.dc.xxxix. CoUatmi copy : In the Bodleian library, Douce No. 23. Nafned in Bernd's Allg, Schriften-ku?ide, vol. i. p. 80 ; and in Delandine's Bibl. de Zjw/, vol. ii. p 179, No. 6585. i6mo Vol., 4.72 in.x-^.i^; full pages, 3.93X2.24; devices, about 1.37 X 1.85. Register : H 8, a-q in 8s, r 6=142 leaves or 284 pages; initial 16 unnumbered ; 1-257 numbered ; 11 unnumbered = 284. Contents : See edition 1628, No. 156. There are 199 emblems ; — many are without devices, but all have Latin mottoes, stanzas and commentaries. In Douce's copy it is recorded : "There are 121 cuts in this copy, or 8 more than in that of 1561 by the same printer. It has also the addition of a second book. Same designs, but different cuts, as in Plan tin's editions." 160. Emblemata I v. c. I ANDREW ALCIATI | MEDioLANENSis I VRiscoNSVLTi ; | Cum facili & compendiofa explicatione, | qua obfcura illuf- trantur, dubiaque | omnia foluuntur, | per Clav- DivM Minoem| Diuionenfem. |^/^^<^;^ Alciati 262 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 161. Vita. I (Plantin's device, " labore et constan- TIA.") AnTVERPI^, I EX OFFICINA PLANTINIANA, | BALTHASARIS MORETI. | M.DC.XLVIII. Colophon: Preceding the device, ANTVERPI.E, | EX OFFICINA PLANTINIANA, | BALTHASARIS MORETI. | M.DC.XLVIII." Collation copy : From the hbrary of Mr. Corser, now at Keir. Other copies : Bodleian, Einsiedeln and Lucca. JVa?ned in Bernd's Allg. Sc/iriften-kimde, vol. i. p. 80 ; and Mazzuchelli's Scrittori, vol. i. p. 367. i6mo Vol., 4.44 x 2.95 ; full pages, 3.95x2.4; devices, about 2.2 in. square. Register: A-Z in 8s, a 8 and b 8 = 200 leaves or 400 pages; numbered 1-392 ; then unnumbered 7 pages, and i blank = 400 pages. Co7itents: On page 3, " Clavd. Minos Christophoro Plantino svo," ^'Lutetiae, Nonis Sextil. m.d.lxxxiii ;" p. 8, "Approbatio & Svmma Priuilegii;" pp. 9-T3, " De Emblemate ;" p. 14, " Prae- fatio;" pp. 15-250, " Emblemata," i-ccxi ; pp. 251-380, " Claudii Minois ExpHcationes ;" pp. 381-392, "Vita Andrese Alciati." Then " Emblematvm Index," colophon and device of the printer. The devices appear to have been struck, or at least copied, from the time-honoured blocks of the Plantinian press, — several bearing the monogram A ; see Life, p. 85. Douce's copy affirms : "The cuts were engraved by Anthony Van Leest." 161. ["Clariff. viri D. And. Alciati Emblemata. Genevan. i6mo. 1648."] Authority: Bernd's Allg. Schriften-kunde, Bonn 1830, vol. i. p. 80. The reference probably to an edition by De Tournes, who in 1639 had issued an edition. No. 159. 162. Alciati (A.) Emblemata 4to. Antv. 1648."] Authority: "Symbola et Emblemata quae in Bibliotheca Blandfordtense reperiuntur, 1809," p. 3. No. 163. 1650.] Alciatis Emblem-books. 263 163. NicoLAi Vernvl.^i I Caefarei Regijqiie Hif- toriographi, et Publici Elo- 1 quentiae ac Politices Profefforis Louanij, | imperatorvm | fymbola \ Prseclaris Regum, Principiumque nec non vari- orum I Scriptorum exemplis illuftrata. | Ouibus accedit | COMMENTARIVS [ in andre^ ALCiATi I EMBLEMATA | vfque ad Emblema xv. | Omnia nunc primum edita. | ( Vignette.) Typis ac fumptibus Iudoci Coppens. | Sub figno albi Monachi. Colophon : None properly so called, but on the last page : ''CENSVRA I Qva in Symbola diuerforum & | Emble- mata Alciati hoc opuf- | culo fcripfit Eruditiffimus NICOLAVS I VERNVL/EVS &c. proelo & publica | luce digna cenfeo. Datum Louanij | die 26 Septemb. 1650. I Iacodvs Pintanvs, S. T. Do6lor | & Libro- rum Cenfor." Collation copy : In the Royal library of the Hague. Some other works by this author are named in Brunet's Manuel, vol. v. col. 1 145, with a reference to Paquot (vol. iii. p. 432, ed. 8vo) for a list of his works. 4to Vol., 19.8 centim. x 15.4, or 7.79 Eng. x 6.06 ; ///// pages, 16.8 ceiitim. X II., or 6.61 hi. x 4.33. Register : Without sig. 4 leaves; A-Eee in 48 = 218 leaves or 436 pages; numbered 1-427 ; unnumbered 8; blank 1=436. Contents: pp. (3, 4), dedication, "Sereniss. Principi Carolo Lotharingios et Barrse duci," " Elisabetha Vernulasa ;"^^ pp. (5,6), various stanzas; pp. (7, 8), ^'Sylloge nominum et symbolorum Imperatorum." Pp. 1-376, explanation of the symbols ; p. 377, the stanzas the author wrote just at his death in m.dc.xlix. On pages 381-427, " CoMMENTARivs in Andreae Alciati emblemata," emblems iii-xv. Nicholas Vernulaeus was professor of belles lettres at ^ Niece of the author. 264 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No, 164. Louvain, where he died 1649, having been the author of several works. It was his niece Elisabetha Vernulsea who edited the Co7nmentariits. 164. DECLARACION | MAGISTRAL | sobre LAS EMBLEMAS DE AnDRES AlCIATI | Per Diego L opez na tural \ de la villa de Va- lencia Ano 1655. The title and colophon are in the words of the Lisbon collation. Colophon: "Valencia por Geronimo Vilagraffa." Collation copy : In the National library, Lisbon. Other copy : At Berlin I. Named in Antonio's Bib. Hisp.^^^ Matriti 1783- 1788, vol. i. pp. 227 and 294. 4to Vol., 20. ce7itlm. X 15., or 7.87 Eng. in. X 5.9"; devices, about 9. ce9itim. square, or 3.54 in, square (doubtful). Register: Pages numbered 648; unnumbered 22 ; blank 2 = 672 pages. Contents : Not given. See edition 16 15, No. 142. Emblems ccxi. 165. V. Cl.|Andre^|Alciati | EMBLEMATA | CVM I Commentariis | ampliffimis. | Patavii, | Typis Pauli Frainboti. \ m.dclxi. The frontispiece, in which the above title is inserted, is very finely- designed and engraved by Riiphanics, and represents twelve emble- matical or symbolical subjects. Among all the editions of Alciati's emblems there is no frontispiece equal to this. ANDREiE Alciati [ EMBLEMATA | cvm com- mentariis I Clavdii Minois I. C. Francisci Sanctii Brocencis, I & Notis | Lavrentii Pignorii PaTAVINI. I Nouiffima hac editio?ie in conti?mam vnius Coin- mentarij feriein congejlis, in certas qiiaf- \ dam quafi Claffes 9^ Thus: ''Emblemas dc Alciato con la explication del Atifor, Valentise, apud Hieronymaum Villagrassa, 1655, 4." No. 165. 1661.] Alciatis Emblem-books. 265 difpofitis, &^ phifquam dimidia parte aiiflis. | OpERA ET VI- GILIIsj lOANNIS ThVILII MaRIAEMONTANI TiROL. | Phil, et Med. D. atq; olim in Archiduc. Friburg. Brifgoiae | Vniuerfitate Human, liter. Profefforis ordinarij. | Opus Copiofa Sententiarum, Apophthegma- tum, Adagiorum, Fabularum, Mythologiarum Hiero- | gly- phicorum, Nummorum, Pi6turarum & Linguarum varietate inRrudum & exornatum : | Proinde omnibus Antiquitatis & bonarum lileramm fludiofis cum primis vtile. | Accejfe- runt in fine Federici Morelli Profefforis Regij Corollaria & \ Monila, ad eadem Emblemata. \ CvM Indice Triplici. I (Printer's device, A fruitful tree ; motto, en pacis opus.") Patauij, typis Pauli Frambotti Bibliopolse. mdclxi. | Cum confenfu Sup e riorum. This title, as far as the words Cv?n indict triplici, is exactly the same with that of edition 1621, No. 152. Colophon : Patavij, ex Typographia Pauli Frambotti. M.DC.LXI." {Device) " Superiorum Permiffu." Collation copies: From the libraries of Keir and Thingwall. Other copies: Bremen, Cambridge U., Catana, Copenhagen R., Dresden R., Florence N., Kensington S., Kiel, Konigsberg, Mti- nich Pub., Naples N., Oporto, Salzburg, Stuttgart R., Venice St. Mark's, and Vienna 1. Named in Bayle's Diction.; Brunet's Mafwelj vol. i. col. 148; Cat. Bib. Borbon, Naples 1832, vol. i. p. 58; and Mazzachelli's Scrittori, vol. i. p. 369. 4to Vol., 9.05 in. X 6.49 ; frontispiece, 7.32 x 5.31 ; ///// pages, 7.26 X 5.1 1 ; devices, about 3.54 x 4.33. Register : a-e in 83 = 40 leaves or 80 pages, numbered i-lxxx ; A-Qqq in 8s, Rrr in 6 = 502 leaves or 1004 pages; numbered i-iooi ; colophon i, and 2 blank=ioo4; total, 1086 pages. Contents: i-iv, titles ; v, vi, " lUustriss. ac Generosiss. D. D. Ivlio Caesari A Pace Gymnasii Patavini Syndico protectori Paulus Frambottus felicitatem." " Patavij Cal. lunij m.dc.lxi." The rest of the volume, pp. vii-lxxx and pp. i-iooo, in form 266 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. i66. and arrangement, in the devices and in the very type, appears the same as in the Paduan edition by Tozzius in 1621, No. 152. So great in fact is the uniformity as almost to justify the fancy that the letterpress itself had not since been distributed. Page looi, an inscription, "Memori^ Sternum Sciant omnes Andream Alciatum/' &c. ; then the colophon. Speaking of this edition Delandine remarks i^s Laurent Fignorius, de Padoue, autre commentateur des Em- blemes d'Alciat, expliqua la Table Isiaque, et a donne des ouvrages sur I'antiquite remplis de profondes recherches." And of Frederic Morel he adds : ''Autre commentateur du meme ouvrage, fut im- primeur du roi et verse dans la connaissance de toutes les langues anciennes." 166. Gli I EMBLEMI | dell' | ALCIATO. The first title of Amalteo's Latin-Italian MS. ANDREAE ALCIATI V. C. | EMBLEMATA. I Gli I EMBLEMI |d'| andrea alciato | Traf- portati a quefta lingua | da | avrelio amalteo\ ET I Humiliffimamente confacrati | alla \ SAC. CES. MAESTA^ [ di \ LEOPOLDO | IM- PERATORE. I About 1670. The manuscript is without date ; but as the emperor Leopold reigned from 1658-1705, and Aurelio Amalteo is said not to have died before 1690, we may assign as a date for the MS. about the year 1670 or 1680. Colophon : IL FINE. " Collation copy : From a manuscript in the library at Keir. Other copy : None known at the imperial library of Vienna.^^ 4to Vol., 10.82 in. x 8.54 ; full pages, 7.48 x 5. 1 1 ; devices^ about 2.56x3.15. ^5 See Bib. dc Lyon, vol. ii. p, 180. 9^ Direct application was made to the imperial library of Vienna for informa- tion respecting Amalteo's translation, and a very full answer returned, Oct. loth 1 87 1, to the effect that neither among the manuscripts nor among the printed books of the Bibliotheca Avgvsta Palatina was to be found " any trace of a work like that of Amalteo," but only two little poetic pieces of his in manuscript, marked Cod. No. 9924 and 9959. No. i66, 1670.] Alciati s E7nblem-books. 267 Register: The first title-leaf unnumbered; 1-145 leaves num- bered; total, 146 leaves. The 145 leaves are written over on both sides. Contents : On leaf ^, first title ; leaf i, second title ; leaves 2, 3, ''Sacra Ces. Maesta, Sig^^- Sig'-^- Clem"^' " " Aurelio Amalteo;" leaf 4, " Lettor discreto ;" leaf 4 " Patris Danielis Fabricii ad Tra- ductore. Epigramma," and " Risposta ;" leaf 5, " Leopoldo Av- gvstissimo Imperatori Avrelii Amalthei Emblema," "Caesarea Magnificentia ;" (device, The double eagle on a cornucopia) \ leaf 5 " Air Avgvstissimo Leopoldo Imperatore Emblema di Avrelio Amalteo/' "La Cesarea Magnificenza ;"^^ leaf 6, " Pr^fatio ad Chonradvm Pevtingeru Avgvstanvm," in 10 Latin lines, — " Pre- fazione," in 20 Italian ; leaves 7-145, alternately, in Latin, the motto with the device and stanza, — and in Italian, the motto and the stanza ; emblems i-ccxiv. By re-introducing the offensive emblem 83, numbering 162 as 162 and 163, and 203 as 203 and 204, Amalteo's emblems count up to 214, but there is no real addition to Alciati's emblems. The devices are 210, emblems 83, 163, 180 and 204 being mide; they are very neatly and cleverly etched, and ready for the graver's hand. The older designs are often followed, but nearly all the trees have symbolical representations added to them. Except in the device to emblem 4 all Greek words are omitted, as in emblems 4, 40, 43, 103, 104, 147 and 205 ; but a note is generally appended to intimate what the Greek words meant. Probably the scribe was not familiar with the Greek characters. The family of the Amalthei, or Amaltei, had from early times their homestead at Pordenone^s in the province of Friuli, in the north-east of Italy, and obtained considerable literary repute.^o^ Pavlo Amalteo, 1460-15 17, was the Lac dedit infanti, et furtim nutruit in Ida Nuper Amaltheae prouida cura louem, Prsebet Amaltheice sed mos alimenta Camoenae Munifica Avstriacvs Ivppiter ecce manu." " De la Ninfa Amaltea gia il zelo intento Fu a Gioue alimentar ancor Lattante Ed hor de I'AvsTRiA il prouido TONATE A la Musa Amaltea da I'alimento." ^3 ^^&Tir?iho%c\)i\ Storia ddla Letteratiira Italiana, tomevii. pp. 1 406- 1 408. See Michaud's j^/t*^. Univers., Paris 1811, vol. ii, pp. 9-1 1; and especi- ally Gian. Gus. Liriiti's N'otizie delle vite et opere scritte da Letterati del Friuliy 1760-1762, tome ii. cap. i. pp. 70-75. 268 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 1 66. crowned-poet of Maximilian I. ; and three brothers, — Giro- lamo, 1507-1574, Giambatista, 1525-1573, and Cornelio, 1530-1603, — were all famous for their Latin poetry.^ Their renown is set forth by Aurelio Amalteo himself in the dedication to the emperor Leopold of his Italian ver- sion of Alciati's emblems : "The devotion of my muse," he declares, "to the most august house of Austria may be said to be hereditary. Paulo Amalteo was made poet-laureat by Maximilian I. of glorious memory. The three brothers, Gioralamo, Gio. Battista and Cornelio Amaltei, rivalled each other in singing the praises of Philip king of Spain, of the most invincible Charles V., and of the most serene Duke John of Austria, Generallissimo of the fleets against the Turks. And my brother, the Cavalier Ascanio, served for some time in Flanders the most serene Leopold of happy memory, uncle of your Majesty, and whose sovereign will I also had the good fortune to obey ; therefore, so much the more do I hope that your Csesarean gene- rosity may deign to look upon this my labour with most clement regard." Aurelio Amalteo is not mentioned either by Michaud or Tiraboschi, but he was of noble descent, born at Portenone July loth 1626, and living in 1689, when he wrote the loth book of his Rime?' Liruti says : He was the friend of the learned men of his time, and especi- ally of the poets ; he had a great friendship with Baron Ferdinand Tassis. He has left many poetical compositions in ItaHan, some of which are published." The titles are here given, but none of them appear connected with emblems. " But much larger is the number of the poems by Aurelio which are in manuscript." Of some of these an account is appended, and afterwards it is added, that ''from a sonnet by Giuseppe Prato, which is in the v. part of Amalteo's Rime, it may be gathered that this author translated the emblems of Alciati ; and in the iirst volume of his Rime he gave a translation into Italian verse of Petrarch's seven penitential Psalms." " In prose he composed little or nothing." Mazzuchelli^ assigns the year 1660 as the time when ^ See A»ialtheorum trhim fratrum Carr.iina, Vcnetiis 1627, 8vo, and Amste- lodam. 1689, 121110. 2 See Liruti, tome ii. pp. 70-74. ^ Scrittori d'' Italia, vol. i. p. 564. No. 167. 1670.] Alciatis Emblem-books. 269 Aurelio Amalteo flourished. In that year was printed at Paris his Regie Epistole on the espousals of Louis XIV., and in 1676 at Venice his // Milvio. The historian men- tions other works, but names especially a letter from Venice of the i6th August 1721 to the celebrated Apostolo Zeno* The writer, his own brother, tells him : " That he had seen at a book-stall in Venice, ' un Codice di Rime d^Atirelio Amalteo Accademico Tassista divise in Amorose, Erroiche, Morali^ Lngiibri, e Sacre^ and very humbly dedicated to His C. M. Leopold, Emperor,^ 'Par. i. Li Viejina d'Aj/stria appresso Matteo Cosmerorro, in 4.' But the writer subjoins : ' Since the year is not expressed, I do not believe the work to have been printed, but only that it was prepared for printing." These words express the exact condition of the MS. num- bered 166 in our Catalogue, which bears neither date nor place, but is dedicated to the emperor Leopold by his " Humilis^"^o, deuotisi"^", et eseq^"*o seruo," Very Jiumble, very devoted, and very obedient servant, Aurelio Amalteo." Where is that Codex part i. now to be found, to match with " Gli Emblemi dell' Alciato " } 167. Declaracion I MAGISTRAL | sobre las EMBLEMAS | DE ANDRES ALCIATO. | CON TODAS LAS HISTORIAS, I ANTIGVEDADES, MORALIDAD, Y | DOC- TRINA, TOCANTE A LAS | BVENAS COSTVMBRES. | dedicadas|A la MVY NOBLE | INSIGNE LEAL, Y CORONA- 1 da cvidad de Valencia. | Ano (Printer's device, withm an ornamental * Editor of the Giornale de Literati, 1710-1719. His works in 10 vols. 8vo, were printed in 1744. * Note the Italian which Mazzuchelli here quotes: " Umilhssimamente con- secrate alia S. C. M. di Leopoldo Imperad.," and the words on the title-page of the MS. numbered 166 in our Catalogue^ — " Humihssimamente consecrati alia Sac. Ces. Maesta di Leopoldo Imperatore." 270 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 168. square, G 4 S ) 1670. | Con licencia, en Valencia, por Geronimo Vilagrafa. | A cojta de Geronimo Sanchez, Mercader de libros. \ a la pla^a de la Seo I en fronte de la puerta de las Apojloles. Collation copy: From the library of Keir. Other copies: At Evora and Oporto. 4to Vol., 7.95 in. x 5.59 ; full pages, 6.88 x 4.9 ; devices, with border, 3-3 X3-54- Registe7' : Initial 8 pages unnumbered; 1-706 numbered; final 16 unnumbered; total, 730 pages. Contents : On 4 pages, "A los mvy ilvstres Senores Romualdo San^o Calahama," &c. &c. " Geronimo Sanchez ;" on i page, " Approbacion," " 26 di Mar^o ;" on i page, " El Avtor a los Lectores." Pp. 1-706, " Emblemas de Alciato." In 12 pages, "Tabla de todas las casas notables," &c. ; in 3 pages, "Tabla ad agios que se declaran an esta obra." The emblems, i-ccxi, have Latin mottoes and stanzas, with de- vices, but the notes are in Spanish, from the edition by Lopez in 1615, No. 142. The devices are very rough ; the borders rough and simple. 168. Emblemata V. C. Andrew Alciati Antv. 8vo. 1677."] Authority : A letter from the library of the due d'Aiimale, Or- leans house, April 19th 1869. 169. Declaracion I MAGISTRAL | sobre las Emblemas I DE Andres Alciato. | Con todas LAS historias, | antigvedades, moralidad, y [ DOCTRINA, TOG ANTE A LAS | BVENAS GOSTVMBRES. | Dedicadas ] al ilvftre sefior Don Antonio | Folch de Cordoua &c. &c. | Marques de Cafhelnouo, &c. I Ano (Device, on an oval within a square, Pegasus attached to a tree by a chain) 1684. | No. 170. 1692.] Alciatis Emblem-books. 271 Con licencia, en Valencia ; por Francifco Miftre Impreffor de la | Santa Inquificion, junto al Molino de la Rovilla. | A cofta de Francifco Duarte Mercader de Libros, &c. The writing of the collation is not very legible, and the lines are without scores to indicate the size of the letters. ColopJion: ''Con licencia: En Valencia," &c., 1684. CollatioJi copy : In the Royal public library of Oporto. Other copies : Evora, Huesca, and Lisbon R. N. 4to Vol., 19.4 centiin. x 15., or 7.63 Eng. x 5.9 ; ///// pages^ 15.7 centiin. x 9.5, or 6.18 in. x 3.74 (?) ; devices^ 9.6 centim. x 8.6, or 3.77 in. X 3-3 8- Register: Initial 8 pages unnumbered; 1-7 16 numbered; final 16 unnumbered = 740 pages. Contents: On 2 pages, title and verso blank; on i page, arms of the marques of Castelnouo, and dedication, " Al ilvstre," &c.; on 3 pages, dedication, beginning with an engraved vignette ; on I page, " Aprobacion and on i page, "El Autor a los Lectores." Pp. 1-6, " Prosfatio ad Ch. Peutingerum," with a long explication ; pp. 7-716, Emblemas cxcvii, and Arbores xiv = ccxi ; on 12 pages, " Tabla de todas las casas," &c. ; on 3 pages, " Tabla, Adegios," &c. ; lastly, " Con licencia," &c. From Evora it is observed that " the plates in general are very imperfect;" and from Huesca, "there is no engraver's monogram." 170. V. c. I ANDREiE I ALCIATI | mediolanensis| jURiscoNSULTi, | EMBLEM ATA, | Cum facili & compendiofa explicatio- | ne, qua obfcura illuftrantur, dubia- | que omnia folvuntur, | per Claudivm Minoem I Divionenfem | Eiufdem Alciati Vita \ Editio nouij/ima, in qna Expli- cationes E^nblema- | tum proprijs locis additcE. \ (The printer's device; motto, " frvctvs con- cordite.") ANTVERPm. I Apud HENRICUM & CORNELIUM I VERDUSSEN. | AnnO M.DC.XCII. 272 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 171. Collation copy : From the library of Keir. Ot/ier copy : At Mr. Bates's^ Birmingham. Named in Bernd's Sc/iriften-kunde, vol. i. p. 80. T 2 mo Vol., 5.31 x 3.34 ; full pages, 4.52x2.32; devices, about 2.2 in. square. Register: A-S in 12s, T 7 = 223 leaves, or 446 pages; num- bered 1-446; also an index &c. unnumbered, 8 pages = 454 pages. Contents: pp. 1,2, title and blank; pp. 3-6, "Claud. Minos Christophoro Plantinosuo, S.P." "Lutetiae m.d.lxxxiii.;"' pp. 7-11, "De Emblemate ;" pp. 12-434, "Andreas Alciati Eaiblemata;" pp. 435, 436, "Admonitio;" pp. 437-446, "Vita Andreae Alciati." On 6 pages, " Emblematum Index;" on i page, " Approbatio." " Datum Antuerp. ix. Nouembr m.dcxxi." The emblems, i-ccxi, have the title or motto, the device, and Latin stanza, with a brief exposition ; and the devices are close imitations of those in the Plantinian edition 1622, No. 154. 171. ["Andr. Alciati Emblemata, cum facili et compendiofa explicatione, per Claud. Minoem," (auec 211 jolies grav. sur bois). Antv. 1698." Authority : The above title from a catalogue slip enclosed in a letter from M. le Chan. Bethune, Professeur en le Grand Semi- naire de Bruges. 172. V. C. Andrew | ALCIATI | mediolanensis | JvRiscoNSVLTi, | EMBLEMATA. | cvm facili, & COMPENDIOSA \ explicatione, qua obfcura illuf- tran- | tur, dubiaque omnia | folvuntur, | per Clavdivm Minoem | Divionenfem | Eiu/dem Alciati Vita. \ Editio novissima, in qva expli- CATiONES I Embleinatum proprijs locis additcB. \ (Printers device}) Antverpi^. | Apud Henri- CVM & CoRNELiVM | Verduffen. Anno m.dcc.xv. Colophon: "Antverpi.e, | oficina | Apvd Henricvm, & I Cornelium Verduffen. Anno M.DCC.XV." No. 174. 1739.] Alciatis Emblem- books. 273 Collation copy : In the Royal public library, Oporto. Ot/ier copy not known of. 8vo Vol., 14.1 centim. x 10., or 5.55 Eng. in. x 3.93 ; full pages ^ I I.I ceiitijn. X 6.9, or 4.37 in. x 2.71 ; devices, 5.6 centim. x 5.6, or 2.2 square. Register : If 8, A-Dd in 83 = 224 leaves or 448 pages ; initial 16 pages unnumbered ; pp. 1-423 numbered ; final 9 unnumbered = 448 pages. Contefits : Except by omitting the Approbatio," this contains exactly the same with edition 1692, No. 170. 173. CaRMINA I ILLVSTRIVM | POETARVM ITALORVM. Such is the first title. CaRMINA I ILLVSTRIVM | POETARVM | ITALORVM. | TOMVS PRIM VS. I {Device or ornament.) Flo- RENTi^, M.DCC.xix. | Typis Regiae Celfitudinis, apud Joannem Caietanum | Tartinium, et Sanc- tum Frachium. | cvm approbatione. The second title; and on page 53 of vol. i. : Andre^e Alciati I Mediolanensis I Emblemata. Colophon: "FiNlS." Collation copy : In the library of the Royal university, Turin. Other copy : Not named. 8vo Vol., 18. ce7itijn. x 10.2. or 7.08 Eng. in. 4. x 01 ; ///// pages, 13. 1 centim. X 8., or 5.15 X 3.14; devices, none. Register: +. A-Ii in 8s, Kk in 6 = 270 leaves or 540 pages; numbered 1-16 and 1-521 = 527 ; unnumbered i ; blank 2 = 540. Contefits : p. 5, "Ad Lectorem PnTefatio ; p. 15, " Catalogvs Italorvm Poetarvm, Tomi Primi ;" p. i, " Carmina Illvstrivm," &c. ; p. 53, "Andreas Alciati Med. Emblemata," "Ad Maximilianum Ducem Mediolan. super insigni," {sic) &c. 174. Emblemata V. C. AndrecX Alciati Editio nova Matriti. 8vo. 1739."] Authority : In the Madrid edition 1749, in the address " Typo- graphus Lectori," there occurs at the beginning this passage : " Hoc eruditum opus V. CI. Andreae Alciati ab imperitis nostras aetatis typographis quoties recursum {sic) toties depravatum prodiit, T 274 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 175- praecipue in ultima editione anni 1739, ubi quamvis in Praefatione Hispana, quae ibi a typographo ejusdem editionis praefigitur, asse- ratur excusum fuisse ex attenta recognitione antiqui cujusdam exemplaris." From this passage it is evident that there was a Madrid edition of Alciati's emblems in the year 1739, and probdbly other editions respecting which no information has been obtained. 175. Emblemata I V. C. I ANDRE.E Alciati I Medi- OLANENSIS I lURISCONSULTI. | CuM FACILI & COMPENDIOSA | expHcatione, qua obfcura illuf- trantur, du- | biaque omnia folvuntur, per Clau- dium j Minoem Divionenfem. | Eju/de^n Alciati Vila. I Editio Novissima a mendis | expurgata, priorique integritati reftituta. | [A vignette.) Matriti : I Ex Typographia Ord. de Mer- CEDE, I Anno m.dcc.xlix. | Cum Facultatibus Necessariis. Collation copy : In the National library of Madrid. Other copy : In the Escurial library. 8vo Vol., 15.8 centim. X 10.6^ or 6.22 Eng. X4.17; full pages, 12.6 centim. x 6.7, or 4.96 in. X 2.63 ; devices, about 5.6 cen- tim. X 5.7, or 2.2 in. x 2.24. Register: ITS, A-Bb in 8s, €04 = 212 leaves or 424 pages; numbered 1-405; unnumbered 19 = 424. Contents : IT 3, " Typographus Lectori ;" IT 4, " Suma de la Licencia;" IT "Errata sic corrige, Madrid y lunio 19 de 1749 ;" on 3 pages, " De Emblemate. Quid- sit emblema ;" on i page, "Prsefatio ad Chonradum Peutingerum." Pp. 1-370, Emblemata, i-cxcvii; pp. 371-388, Arbores, xiv ; pp. 389-398, "Vita Andrese Alciati Mediolanensis lurisc. Claris. Per Claud. Minoem con- scripta ;" pp. 399-405, " Emblematum Index in locos communes ad Studiosorum commoditatem digestorum ;" p. 405 "Admo- nitio," "Aprobatio," "Antuerp. 9 Novembris 162 1. Laurentius Begerlinck, Archipresb. & Can. Antuerp. & librorum Censor." With each of the emblems there is a vignette. The vignettes are of different sizes. No. 177. 1870.] Alciatis Emblem-books. 275 176. EMBLEMATA | v. c. | ANDREW AL- CIATI I Mediolanensis I Jurisconsulti, | Cum FACiLi ET COMPENDIOSA | cxplicatione, qua obfcura illuftrantur, | dubiaque omnia folvuntur, per Clau- I dium Minoem Divionenfem. | Ejufdem Alciati Vita. \ Editio Novissima a mendis| ex- purgata, priorique integritati | reftituta. | S7ipe- riorum permiffu. \ Matriti : Ex Typographia Pantaleonis I AzNAR. Anno m.dcc.lxxxi. I Sumptibus Regice Societatis. Collation copy : In the library of the British Museum. Other copies : Saragossa U., and elon Alvarez, Manchester. 8vo Vol., 6.1 in. X 4.08 ; ///// pages, 4.84 X 2.75 ; devices, 1.85 X 2.12. Register: 6, A-Bb in 8s, Cc 4=210 leaves, or 420 pages; initial 12 pages unnumbered; 1-405 numbered; 2 unnumbered, and I blank = 420. Co7itents: On ^i^ 3, " Menda ;" III 4-9, " De Emblemate;" 10, II, "Prrefatio ad Ch. Peutingerum." Pp. 1-388, "Andrece Alciati Emblemata," i-ccxi ; pp. 389-398, " Vita Andrece Alciati ;" pp. 399-405, " Emblematum Index;" then i page "Admonitio;" i page "Aprobatio." "Datum Antuerpiae 9 Novembris 1621," Mottoes, text and short explication in Latin accompany the 211 emblems ; the devices bear no artist's monogram, and are very plain and simple. 177. antireae aiciati | €mblematum jfonte^ ^UatUOt** I Namely, | an account of \ the ORIGINAL COLLECTION MADE AT MILAN, 1522, | and I THOTO-LITH FAC-SIMILES OF THE EDITIONS | ^^^iT^^^i^ 1 53^' ^'^^^^'^ i534> Ve^izce 1^4.6. \ Edited by henry green, m.a. | JVM 91 ©fe0tcl) of 9iltMV^ Hlfe, I and I Bibliographical Obferva- 276 Bibliographical Catalogue. tNo. 177 a. tions refpeding the Early Editions. | lPubli£>t)0tl for tl)e ij)0lbem=§)oc(etp bp | a. brothers, St. Anns Square, Manchejier, And j trubner & CO., Paternojler Row, London. \ m.dccc.lxx. The title is surrounded by an ornamented border. Collation copy : From the Holbein -Society, Manchester. Other copies: About 500. Sm. 4to Vol., 8.85 x6.8i; full pages, about 5.78 X 3.54 ; devices, as in the original editions of 1531, 1534 and 1546. Register : Of necessity the sig?iatures are irregular. The whole work is contained in 196 leaves or 392 pages, some parts being numbered, and others only signatured. Contents : On pages i-viii, title, preface and table of contents. On pp. 1-5, Sketch of Alciati's life \ pp. 6-8, Four Fountains of his emblems; pp. 8-14, Fountain i., collection Milan 1522 ; pp. 14-18, Fountain 11., edition Augsburg 153 1 ; pp. 18-25, Foun- tain III., edition Paris 1534; pp. 25-27, Fountain iv., edition Venice ; pp. 27-30, the emblems in their full stream; pp. 31-38, mottoes and titles to all the emblems. Photo-lith Re- prints. II. On 96 pages, the Augsburg edition, 28th February 153 1, &c. III. On 144 pages, Paris edition 1534, &c. IV. On 100 pages, the Venice edition 1546, &c. On 3 pages, general index; and on i page, Holbein-Society's photo-lith reprints for the year 187 1. [177 a.] Grimaldts I Funeral Oration, | Jarmary 19. 1550, | for | ANDREA ALCIATI : | In Photo-lith Fac-fimile, \ with | a TRANSLATION INTO ENGLISH. | Edited by HENRY GREEN, M.A. \ publi0ljeD for tlje 1^olliein'-»)ociet^ lip | a. brothers, st. Aftn's Square, Manchefter ; a?id \ trubner & co., Paternojler Row, London. \ m.dccc.lxxi. The title is within a fine border, taken from pp. 225 and 226 of Bonhomme's Lyons edition 1551. For Grimaldi's own titles see Catalogue, No. 43 a. Collation copy : From the Holbein-Society, Manchester. Other copies : About 500. Sm. 4to Vol., 8.85 x 6.85 ; ///// pages, about 6.6 x 4.099. Register: Initial 10 leaves or 20 pages numbered i-viii and No. 178. 1 87 1.] Alciatis Emblem-books. 277 1-12 ; then K-B and B in 45=12 leaves or 24 pages, unnum- bered ; total, 44 pages. Contents : On pages i-iv, council, blank, title and portrait; pp.. v-viii, preface. On pages i-ii, translation of Grimaldi's Funeral Oration; p. 12, imprint, '^Wyman and Son, Londoii'' On sig. A, "Oratio Funebris," &c., title; Kv, dedication, " Ornatissimo Viro Nicolao Grimaldo, Fratri," &c. ; Aij-Biij, " Oratio Frmebris ;" Biij z/-iv, " Elegia ;" B iiij z', blank ; B 1-4, "Carmina." See edi- tion 1550, No. 43 a. There were also issued twenty copies with Alciati's arms on the cover, for private distribution only ; twelve on large pager, 10.03 ^ 7-4^, and eight on small paper, 8.85 in. x 6.85. These copies have an ornamental presentation page, and a " PREMONITION " instead of a " Preface." 178. anDreae aiciati 1 cEmbletnatum jf lumen abtintian0; | or, | alciats emblems | IN THEIR FULL STREAM, | being | a PHOTO-LITH FAC-SIMILE REPRINT | of | The LyOUS Edition by Bo7ihomme 1551 ;| And of Titles &c. of Similar Editions, 1 548-1 551. | Edited by HENRY GREEN, M.A., | with | An Introduction and an Alphabetical Lift of all the | Latin Mottoes. | PubU2;l)eli ftir tl)e i^olbem^&ocietppp | a. BROTHERS, St. A 7111 s Square, Manchefler ; and TRUBNER & CO., Patemofler Row, London, \ M.DCCC.LXXI. The title is surrounded by an ornamental border. Colophon or imprint at the end : " Wyman mtd Son, Printers, Great Queen Street, London, W. C Collation copy : From the Holbein-Society, Manchester. Other copies: About 500. Sm. 4to Vol., 8.85 x6.8ij full pages, about 6.3X3.85; devices, as in the original editions 1549-1551. 278 Bibliographical Catalogue. [No. 179. Register: The whole work contains 146 leaves or 292 pages; numbered i-viii, 1-22; unnumbered 2; numbered 1-226; un- numbered 34 = 292. Contents: On pages i-viii, portrait, general title, preface and table of contents ; pp. 1-8, " The emblems in full stream ;" pp. 8-11, editions between 1548 and 1551 inclusive; pp. 11, 12, sub- sidiary editions; pp. 13, 14, of the portrait and hand-writing; pp. 15-22, mottoes and titles of the emblems, Photo-lith fac-simile Reprints, the full stream; pp. 1-226, "Emblemata, Bonhomme^ Lugduni 1551;" and on 5 pages, "Index Emblematvm in locos commvnes." On 21 pages, illustrative fac-similes ; on i page, fac- simile of Alciati's writing ; and on i page, medallions of Alciati and of Peutinger ; then on 3 pages, general index ; and on i page, Holbein-Society's reprints for 187 1. 179. ["THE EMBLEMS OF ANDREA AL- CIATI, I IN ENGLISH verse; | With a Memoir and Short Notes. | By the rev. g. s. cautley, M.A."] (1872.) Authority : Though not yet issued, this edition is inserted on information communicated by the author that the translation is made, and the announcement by the Holbein-Society of Man- chester that the work will appear among their publications. In other instances (see pp. 59-63 and p. 252) translations have been offered from Alciati's Latin text of emblem vii. (see p. 59) : they are in French by Le Fevre, Aneau and Mignault ; in German by Wolphgang Hunger and Held von Nordingen ; in Spanish by Daza; in Italian by Marquale, Cadamosto, Capaccio and Amalteo; and in English by Whitney, and an unknown author a.d. t6oo. With the permission of the translator is here subjoined the version into English, a.d. 1872, of the same seventh emblem : " Not for thee, but for Religion. " A plodding Ass the shrine of Isis bore; The awful mysteries on his back are seen : And all he meets with pious prayers adore Low on their knees before the Goddess-Queen. The beast vain-glorious to himself applied The homage all : until with sounding thwack, * Oh miserable ass ! ' the driver cried, ' No god art thou, — the god is on thy back.'" G. S. Cautley. Tab. L] Alciatis Emblem-books. 279 N.B. In the foregoing Catalogue TEN other works appear that have been collated, or for which authority has been produced, namely: Nos. 43a, 61 a, 73a, 98a, 104a, 122a, 134a, 137 a, 158 a, and 177a; but although foiir of them, Nos. 73 a, 98 a, 104a, 134 a, claim to be editions of the Alciati emblem-books, satisfactory reasons have been as- signed for not actually enumerating them. Were the latter four admitted into the List, the editions would number 183 ; and if the whole were admissible there would have to be counted 189 editions. The safer plan is to say 179, of which number two or three are doubtful ; but 176 can- not be questioned. TABLES OF ALCIATI'S EMBLEM BOOKS. Table L — Coj?ies coll a Catalogue IN THE 1 Augsburg, No. 44. Aumale, S. R. A. le ducd', 24, 80. Bale, City of, 56, 76, 143. Bates^ esq.,W., Birmingham, 156. Berlin, Imperial, 73. Bethime^ M. le Ch. Felix, Bruges, 93- Bodleian, Oxford, 39, 67, 87, 97, 123, 159- Bologna, Communal, 91. British Museum, 41, 58, 64, 148, 155,. 176. Cambridge, University, 35, 52, 122 a, 128. Cautley, rev.G. S., 44,69, 89, 104. Corser, M.A., rev. Thos., Stand, 2, 9, 19, 29, 108, 141, 160. Chetham, Manchester, 102. Cracow, University, 132. ED for the Bibliographical BR ARIES NAMED, {a) Douai, City of, 53, 131. Dresden, Royal, 42, 51. Florence, National, 91. Glasgow, University, 135, 147. Green, M.A., Henry, Knutsford, *i95 48, 93,111,117,118,129, Hague, Royal, 163. Holbein-Society, Manchester, 177, 178, 179. Keir, Scotland (sir Wm. Stirling- Maxiueirs, bart.), 3, 6. 8, 18, 25. 27, 30, 32, 36, 38, 43 a, 47,66, 72, 74, 77, 85, 95, 96, 103, 112, 114, 117, 119, 122a, 130. 136, 137a, 142, 151, 152, 154, 158a, 165, 166, 167, 170. Leemans, Dr. Conrad, Leyden, 133- Lisbon, National, 120, 164. {a) Copies inserted in the tables but not in the text are distinguished by an asterisk (*), as *i5i, Mr. Cantley; *93, Keir; *2, Vienna. The returns in such cases were generally too late for insertion in the proper place. 2 8o Bibliographical Catalogue. [Tab. i. ii. Madrid, National, 45, 175, Mans, le, France, 86. Modena, Public, 26, 37, 125. Munich, Public, 54, 75. Naples, National, 35, 89. Nijenhuis^ M. J. T., Leyden, 40. Oporto, Royal public, 127, 169, 172. Ormerod, esq., J. M,, Manches- ter, 60. Table II. Rimini, 82. Thingwall, Liverpool (H. Yates T/io?npso?t, esq.), 7, 10, 15, 17, 20, 23, 28, 31, 36, 47, 50, 59, • 68, 70, 71, 78, 84, 85, 90, 99, 129, 137, 139. 149. 165. Turin, Royal university, 1 44, 1 7 3. Venice, S. Mark's, 89. Versailles, 63, 113, Wolfenbiittel, Ducal, 33, 170. A UTHORITY quoted respecting Editions NOT COLLATED. Aarau, Cantonal library, 98 a. Douai, library, no. Ames, Art of Eng. Printing, 52. Amiens, library, 140. Annates Plantiniennes , 92, 94, 105. Antonio's Bib. Hisp. 7iova, 16. Aumale, due d', 168. Bale, City of, 138. Bernd's Schriften-ktmde, &c., 4, 5^ 34, 79, 104a, 105, 109, 113, I2T, 122, 124, 126, T34a. 153, 157, 158, 161. Besan^on, library, 83, 105. Bethune, M. le Ch. FeHx, 171. Bibliotheca Bla?idfoi'd., 16, 21, 55, 162. Bibl. Bunaviana, 134. Bibl. Casanab. Catat., 49. Bodleian library, 43, 104 a. Bremen, library, 134. Brunet's Ma7iuel dii Libraire, i, 12, 14, 43, 65, 81, 94, lOI, T06, 145. Cat. du Roy, Paris 1750, 46, 61 a, 81. Cat. de la Bib. de Grenoble, 113. Cat. Reg. Bibl. Borbon, 49, 140. Cautley, rev. G. S. of Nettleden, 179. Cicognara's Catalogo ragionato, 14. Clement's Bibl. curieuse, &c., i. Escurial, library, 113. Frey tag's Adpar. Litter., i. Goujet's Bibl. Fra7i^oise, 1,2. Graesse's Tresor, 12, 14, 16, 81, 88, loi, no. Holkham, library (lord Leices- ter's), i34._ Huesca, University library, 98, 126. Lisbon, National, 138. Madrid edition of the emblems, 1749, 174- Mazarine library, Paris, 81, 104 a, 116. Mazzuchelli's Scrittori dLtalia, 16, 22, 46, 57, 61, 92, 100, 104 a, 105, 116, 150. Modena, Palatine library, 134. Morel, M. T. G., Einsiedeln, 83. Munich, University library, 94, 138. Niceron's Met?ioires, r, 105. Panzer's Amtales Typog., i. Quadrio's Storia, &c., 146. Soleure, library, 106. South Kensington Catalogue, 13. Strasburg, library, 134. Ticknor's Hist, of Span. Lit., 21. Versailles, library, 1 1 6. Vienna, Imperial library, 145. Weigel's Catalog, 1857, 16, 73 a. Tab. III.] A Iciatis Emblem-books. 281 Table \\\.-~ Copies known of in vt Aarau, Cantonal library, 35, 73, 93- Aberdeen, University library, 93. 136. Althorpe (earl Spencer's)^ 28, 50. Alvarez, don, Manchester, 176. Amiens, Communal, 99, 104, 130, 140. Augsburg, 2, 44, 70, 93, 99. Aumale^ le due d', 18, 19, 24, 80, 93, T41. Avignon, Museum, 102,130,152. Bale, Public, 2, 7, 56, 76, 82, 102, ic8, 130, 138, 143, 147, 152. Bates, esq., W., Birmmgham, 86, 152, 156, 170. Berlin, Imperial, 8, 17, 20, 23, 28, 31, 38, 39, 70, 73, 74, 75, 77,99, 123, 133,141,152,164. Berne, City, 6, 36, 39, 60. Besangon, City, 25, 38, 66, 73, 87, 96, 128. Bethune, M. le Ch., Bruges, 64, 87, 93, 131, 133, 141- Bodleian, Oxford, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 18, 19, 20, 28, 29, 35, 36,38, 39, 67, 85, 87, 97, 102, 123, 129, 139, 152, 155, 159, 160, ^177, *i78. Bologna, Archiepiscopal, 47, 50, 74, 91, 152, 154, 155- Bremen, City, 118, 123, 165. British Museum, 3, 7, 10, 20, 25, 28, 29, 36, 38, 41, 47, 50, 58, 60, 64, 77, 90, 103, 108, 118, 133, 137, 142, 147, 148, 152, 154, 155, 158a, i76,*i77,*i78. Bruges, Grand Seminary, 93, TT5, 118. Cambridge, University, 35, 62, 82, 99, 118, 122 a, 128, 130, 141,147,152, i65,*i77,*i78. '>F A LCI A TPS EMBLEMS 'ions Libraries. Cambridge, S. John's, 104, 118. Catana, University, 62, 71, 141, f52, 165. Caiitley, rev. G. S., 2, 8, 17, 23, 36, 42, 44, 69, 89, 104, ^151, 152, 179- Chaumont (a haute Marne), 114. Chetham, Manchester, T02. Copenhagen, Royal, 2, 3, 20, 35, 74, 77, 99. 102, 104, 130, 133, 147, 152, 155, 165. Corser, rev. T., 2, 9, 19, 23, 29, 50, 93, 108, 141, 158 a, 160. Cracow, University, 99, 132. Cross/ey, esq., J., Manchester, 2. Darmstadt, Ducal, 19, 62, 67, 77, 102, 119, 150. Douai, City, 7, 10, 53, 107, 119, 130, ^3^, 141- Dresden, Royal, 8, 42, 51, 62, 67, 77, 80, 102, 133, 147, 154, 165. Edinburgh, 2, 35, 77, 119, 147. Einsiedeln, Monastery, Switzer- land, 33, 77, 87, 160. Escurial, near Madrid, 8, 17, 33, 38, 102, 117, 118, 142, 175. Evora, Cathedral, 25, 99, 167, 169. Ferrara, of Art and Antiquities, 44, 62, 102, 152. Florence, National, 23, 29, 50, 62, 9T, 118, 141, 148, 152, 155, 165. Friburg, Switzerland, 118. Gall, S., Switzerland, 84, 87, 107. Geneva, Public, 86, 147. Ghent, University, 118, 123, 14T, 148, 154. Glasgow, University, 135, 147, Green, Mr., Knutsford, ^^19, 48, 93, III, 117, 129, 133. 282 Bibliographical Catalogue. [Tab. iii. Gotha, Ducal, 36, 44, 75, 93, 103, 147. Grenoble, France, 44. Grimaldi, rev. A. B., Sussex, 43a. Hague (The), Royal, 7, 10, 77, 99, 103, 118, 133, 139, 152, 163. Holbein-Society, Manchester, 177, 178, 179- Holkliam (earl of Leicester's), 44, 130. 133- Huesca, Spain, University, 127, 169. Huth, esq., Henry, London, 6, 10, 20, 28, 158 a. Keir (sir AV. Stirling-MaxivelV s), 3, 6, 8, 10, 15, 17, 18, 20, 25, 27, 28, 30,31,32,36,38,43a, 47, 50, 66, 71, 72, 74, 75, 77, 85, ''93, 95, 96, 97, 99, 103, 108, III, 112, T14, 117, 118, 119, 122 a, 127, 130, 133, 136, 137 a, 139, 141, 142, 149, 151, 152, 154, 155, 158a, 160, 165, 166, 167, 170. Kensington, South, London, 87, 96, III, 123, 141, 165. Kiel, in Holstein, 99, 102, 165. Konigsberg, 6, 20, 35, 72, 165. Lausanne, Cantonal, 128. Leemaiis, Dr. Conrad, Leyden, 19,133,152. Leeuwarden, Friesland, Provin- cial, 62. Leigh,co\. Egerton,Cheshire,i 11. Leon, Old Castile, 85. Leyden, University, '^71, 118, 119, 152. Liege, Belgium, 102, 133, 148. Lincoln's Inn, London, 93, 147. Lisbon, National, 37, 120, 133, 138, 141, 164, 169. Louvain, University, 35. Lucca, Italy, 18, 75, 160. Madrid, National, 36, 45, 85, 93, 99, 127, 131, 141, 142, 147, 148, 152, 154, 175- Mans, Le, France, 86, 104, 114, 128. Mazari7te, Paris, 17, 47, 66, 107, 131, 152. Messina, Sicily, 152. Milan, Ambrosian, 23, 28, 43 a, 47, 48, 50, 85, 99, 102, 149, ■152, 155. Modena, Palatine, 26, 35, 36, 37, 47, 50, 75, 104, 125, 133, 152. Munich, Public, 2, 3, 6, 8, 17, TfS, 19, 29, 31, 39, 41, 47, 54, 66, 70, 74, 75, 77, 84, 93,96, 99, 104, 108, 118, 119, 123, 127, 131, 133, 138, 152, 165. Munich, University, 2, 8, 18, 33, 47, 54, 75, 77, 96, 99, io4, 119, 133, 138, 152. Napier, esq., G. W., Manches- ter, 1 1 1. Naples, National, 35, 85, 89, 128, 141, 152, 165. Nijenhuis, M. J. T., Leyden, 40, Nimes, France, 36, 39, 131, 141. Nuremberg, 35. Oporto, Royal pubhc, 99, ;[2 7, 132, 133, 141, 342, 165, 167, 169, 172. Or?nerod, esq., J. M., Manches- ter, 60. Paris, (/^) National, 31, 42. Pavia, *75, *i52, *i78. Perugia, Italy, 42, 102. Pisa, University, 82, 130, 152. Rennes, City, 64, 115. Rimini, 44, 82, 152. {b) Owing to the siege of Paris the efforts to obtain information from the libra- ries of that city have almost entirely failed of success. And so with respect to France generally. Tab. III. IV.] A Iciatis Emblem-books. 283 Rochelle, La, 130. Salamanca, University, 127, 147. Salisbury, esq., E. G., Chester, III. Salzburg, S. Peter's monastery, 17, 18, 147, 165. Saragossa, University, 75, 85, 127, 154, 176. Schaffhausen, 36, 102. Siena, Italy, 73. 93. 152. Soleure, Cantonal, 3. Stockholm, Royal, 136, 147, Strasburg, 7, 50, 62, 85, 87. Stuttgart, Royal, 18, 20, 41, 47. 77, 93, 99, 133, 165. Szuinjierton, esq., Jas., Maccles- field, III. Thingvvall, Thompson, esq., H. Yates, 7, 10, 15, 17, 18, 20, 23, 28, 31, 36, 47, 50, 59, 68, 70, 71, 78, 84, 85, 90, 99, 108, III, 118, 129, 133, 137, 137 a, 139, 141, 149, 152, 158 a, 165. Toulouse, 18, 50, 102, 102a, 130. Turin, Royal university, 102, 144, 152, 173. Ulm, Germany, 150, 152. Upsala, Sweden, *3. Venice, S. Mark's, 28, 89, 129, 149, 152, 155, 165. Verona, City, 23, 48, 70, 71, 78, 99, 102, 123, 152, 155. Versailles, 56, 63, 104, 112, 115. Vienna, Imperial, *2, 19, 31; ^3, *io, 35» *37= 39, 44, 54, 77, 102, 123, 165. Whitney, esq., H. Austin, Bos- ton, Mass., III. Wiesbaden, Nassau, 156. Winlerthun, City, 104. Wolfenbiittcl, Ducal, 33, 39, 50, 107, 108, 118. Zurich, City, 118. Table IV. — Editions of Alciatps Emblem-books, with the Place and the PRINTER. 72,73,78, 84, loi, 105, 108, 109, 172. Amsterdam, 158. Antwerp, Plantin 87, 93, 94, 99, 134, 154, 160. Printer unnamed, 92 121, 157, 162, 168, 171 Verdussen, 170. Augsburg, Steyner, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Bale, Isingrinn, 35, 62. Guarin, 82, 102. Ciudad de Najera, Mongaston, 142. Cologne, Tornoesius, 138, 143. Florence, Constanus, 173. Frankfort-on-Mayne, Raben, 74, Corvinus, 77. Basse, 96, 103. Zetner, 147. Printer umiamed, 122. Geneva,Torn3esius, 139, 156,159. Printer winamed, 161 Leyden, Plantin and Rapheleng, III, 117, 118, 119, 123, 133, 136. Printer 7mnamed, 121, 153, Lutetia, i.e. Paris, Beguin, 58. De Marnef, 65, 66. Printer unnamed, 98. Lyons, Printer unnamed, t6, 21^ 46, 52, 57, 113, 126. Modernus, 24, 25, 26, Tornresius et Gazeius, 40, 54, 59, 60, 67. Gryphius, 30. RoviUius, 31, 36, 39, 27, 29, 44, 71, 95, 47, 75, 97, 49, 50, 53, 76, 83, 85, 121, 140. 4Ir 63, 69, 70. 88, 89, 91, 284 Bibliographical Catalogue. [Tab. IV. Lyons, Bonhomme, 32, 37, 38, 42, 43^ 45, 48, 51- De Tourne, 33, 56, 80. Fradin, 64. Tomaesius, 120. Haered. Rovillii, 141, 144. Manchester, Holbein- Society, ^77. 178, 179- Manuscript, 137, 166. Matriti, i.e. Madrid, Aznar, 176. Printer tmnavied, 174, 175. Milan, i. Monachi, Coppen, 163. Padua, Prijiter unnamed, 146. Paris, Wech el, 7, 8, 9, 10, it, 12, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 23. Printer u?mamed, 13, 15, 22, 55, 61, 79, 100, 106. Ruelle, 68. Paris, Dion a Prato, 81. Marnef et Cauellat, 86, 90, 104. Richer, 107, no, 112, 116, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 148. Valleti, 114, (129), (131), (132). Gueffier, 115, (130), (148). Patavia, Tozzius, 149, 150, 152, 155- Frambotti, 165. Strasburg, Printer unnamed, 145. Valencia, Vilagrassa, 164, (167). Sanchez, 167. Mistre, 169. Venice, Aldi-filii, 28. Sadeler, 125. Barezzi, 151. Without place, Rosa, 135. With a deep sense of obligation I here acknowledge the great courtesy of the chief Librarians in the cities of the continent of Europe and of the United Kingdom : and most heartily do I thank them for the very effective help which they have rendered me in preparing the foregoing Bibliographical Study. Henry Green. Knutsford, January 2nd, 1872, APPENDIX. UESTIONABLE it is, whether a work, like The Life of Andrea Alciati, written out from a full collection of materials, should be enlarged, because, during the pro- cess of printing additional infor- ation, leaving untouched the main features of the narrative, has been obtained. There is danger, lest what is added should mar the unity of the whole, or render diffuse that which had been compressed. However, after the Life of Andrea Alciati had been printed off, and the Bibliographical Catalogue itself almost completed, several very interesting documents, either di- rectly or indirectly relating to the subject, were commu- nicated to me by signor Vittorio Piccaroli, chief librarian of the university of Pavia, where for some time Alciati had lectured, and where finally he died. To the signor Piccaroli himself, and to the very considerable labour and research which he has bestowed, it is due that within this volume some record of those documents should be preserved, even if no more than a portion of them be reproduced. They may at least be employed as Pikes jiistificatives of several things which our work contains, and in some cases will supply fresh information. 286 Appendix. [Doc. i. i° I. List of Documents fro^n Signor Piccaroli of Pavia, received at the end of October 1871 : 10 A fine engraving in folio of the magnificent monu- ment raised by Francisco Alciati to the memory of his uncle Andrea, in the church of S. Epifanio in Pavia, where he was buried.* The engraving is from an imperfect copy of the work, Antichita pavesi, by GlUS. VOGHERA, Pavia 1830. The monument is entirely of marble from Ornavasso, on Lago Maggiore, the same as that which has served and still serves for the statues of the cathedral of Milan. The sculptor's name has not been ascertained. The inscription to Alciati's memory and praise is in the centre of the work, which on the right hand has two en- tablatures or bassi jrlievi, and also two on the left. On the right hand the upper entablature is said to be emblematical of the law,t and the lower, the symbol of Alciati which he had in his chamber at Pavia, Mercury's wand and cap with cornucopias, and a Greek motto, " The fruit of the righteous man perishes not."" On the left hand the entablatures are, — above, an emblem of poesy, and below^ the Alee, the crest of the family, and also a Greek motto, Never procrastinated The four entablatures and the central inscription are surmounted by a full-length statue, which, there is reason for believing, resembles the personal appearance of the living man. The church of S. Epifanio arose near the eastern wall of the city of Pavia, and was demolished with the adjoining convent of Lateran monks in 1790; and as early as 1773, in anticipation of this deed, Alciati's monument was removed to the buildings of the university, where it is to be found at the present day. {Piccaroli.) 2° A written copy of the rare work, PlETRO Varon- DEL's Oration on the death of A lciati.\ " Prima oratio in funere Magni Alciati, habita a Petro Va- " RONDELLO Burgundo discipulo." * A copy (reduced in size) of this engraving is to be found at the beginning of our volume. For the inscription as recorded by Argelati see the Life, p. 25. For some of these particulars see signor A. Zoncada's Andrea Alciati e le Universita d'' Italia de* suoi tempi, IJ Juglio 1861 ; named at Appendix I. 4°. X For an account of other orations on the death of Alciati see Life, pp. 25- 27. Of these Grimaldi's is the chief, reprinted in fac-simile by the Holbein- Society of Manchester; see Catalogue [43 a], p. 166. Also in this Appendix I. 5° is a long extract from Bouk's Oratio de Vita Alciati, Rostock 1560. 1. 2" 1550.] VarondelV s Oration, 287 " Fecissent Dii Immortales, Tuque Magne Alciate, ut quam toties "ornandis studiis nostris, virtutique ipsi impendisti eloquentiam, "eius nunc partem, publico in luctu, omniumque moerore, Scintil- " lamve aliquam retineremus. Cumque insignis eruditionis tuae " uberrimos atque amplissimos fmctus omnibus palam exhibueris, ''divinae ipsius eloquentiae vim ac veluti auram quandam alicui tandem inspirasses, non dubitarem profecto hoc tempore, quin "hoc spiritu quasi numine instinctus aHquis, et provinciam istam '^egregie, ornate obire et vobis omnibus tanto in arguraento satis- " facere posset. Verum cum vel te nobiscum squaUda ipsa, moe- " rensque lugeat, vel potius una tecum extincta sit regina rerum "eloquentia, quis iam vel earn ab inferis excitare, vel sine ea "laudes tuas, opus densum sane atque arduum aggredi ausit; Ego " tamen Commilitones pietatis in praeceptorem, et in banc Uni- "versitatem ofificiis potioremque pudoris imbecillitatisque meae " rationem duxi, Cumque omnes silendum sibi tarn gravi in Causa " et parum dicendum existimarent, nemoque extaret qui instar has " ultimasque gratias Praeceptori referret, sum Ego Codri exem- "plum secutus, qui Magni Pompeij reliquias, tenui furtivoque "potius, quam nuUo omnino Sepulchri honore Condendas existi- " mavit. Et ccrte apud Exteras Nationes, omniumque Gentium " Academias, quo tanti Funeris fama penetratura est, non tam " quam eleganter quamque pro amplissimi Viri dignitate, sed an omnino habita sit ulla Funebris oratio quaeretur : Alterum. n. dicentis imbecillitati atque infantiae, alterum Praeceptoris honori "atque magnitudini tribuetur, qui ut erat Antiquitatis studiosissi- "mus, Anti(iuorum gloriam ingenij abundantia exaequarat, ita " intermissum morem hunc vetustissimum, institutum([ue Maiorum "a nobis quasi suo iure repetere videbatur. Occidit enim Com- " mil. Dux noster parensque studiorum Andreas Alciatus Vir sane " magnus atque memorabilis, et in cuius laudibus ipsomet de quo " dicimus, laudatore opus fuerit. Sed ex multis atque infinitis, " quae in illo praeclarissima extiterunt, nos interea dum ultimis istis " sacris verbique novissimis religiose faventes adestis, quaedam per- " curremus, quibus Viri Sanctissimi. Jurisque Antistitis famam atque "memoriam familiarius iam atque ardentius pectoribus nostris "atque adeo immortalitati consecremus. Mediolani natus est " Idibus Maij urbe celebri et copiosa, Gallorum quondam colonia, " nunc Imperij iure amplissima atque augustissima, Maiores habuit " in Ea nol3iles Familiamque eruditissimis hominibus liberalissimis- " que studijs affluentem, a quibus ingenue educatus,* ut primum ex " pueris excessit, estque his artibus quibus haec aetas ad humanita- " tem informari solet, abunde instructus, se statim ad scribendi stu- * See Life, pp. 4, 5. 288 Appendix. [Doc. i. 2° " dium contulit in quo celeriter ingenij gloria omnibus antecellere, "Elegias, Comoedias, Epigrammata,* iam felicissime componere, *'et Poetices numeros omnes ante 16, annum naturae bonitate im- ^'plere, Oratorijs exercitationibus iam tum quoque desudavit, iam " tum ita excelluit, ut cum vix m aliquo haec summa concurrant in "eo tam arcto foedere iuncta, tam splendida omnia fuerunt, ut " nescires maior ne orator, an elegantior poeta evasisset, ut vero " iam se maior, iam vir, iam consumatae aetatis, tum purioribus "studijs obnixius operam dare, priscarum literarum antiquita- ''tisque totius patrocinium in se recipere, Maiorum monumenta " non ea solum quae in aperto posita omnibus patent, sed si quid "marmoribus, tabulis notatum olim e terra erueretur, perpetuo "in manibus, perpetuo in animo habere, illis tam familiariter "assuescere ut natum melioribus, armis, vel cum antiquis ipsis " vixisse. Horum cum ille reliquiarum memoriam interpreta- " tionemque iusto Volumine esset complexus idque mihi aliquando "hisce de rebus consulenti humanissime ostendisset, admiratus " sum homini circa leges atque Rubricas occupato, vel ocium tam " perplexae rei investigandae, vel ingenium tam obscurae atque difficilis explicandae suppetere potuisse. Novi plerosque non in- " doctos quidem homines, et professione ipsa antiquarios, qui si "huic nostro Jurisconsulto conferantur, pro antiquarijs recentis- " simi, ipse pro recentissimo summae antiquitatis censeatur. Sed "haec Commil. peculiaris atque propria praeceptoris nostri laus, " ut cum omnia sit consectatus, nihil omnino quod liberaHter sciri " posset, omiserit, in omnibus tamen ita praestiterit, sic excelluerit, " ut uni tantum rei incubuisse, Cogitationemque posuisse videretur. " Quis illo dixit usquam uberius ? quis docuit subtilius % quis Audi- " tores Commovit efficacius? Et tamen tantum potuit huic studio " impertire temporis, quantum ipse a pueritia atque ad hanc matu- " ritatem a continua Accursij lectione conquievit. Nostrum Com- " mil. Non solum est istud de eo in politioribus studijs indicium, " sed eorum ipsorum qui ilia Etate ad dicendi singularem quandam "facultatem nati esse videbantur, Budaeum, Erasraum, Longo- "lium, Bembum ipsum, caeterosque eius notae eminentissimos " homines intelligo, quorum ut quisque optimus atque eloquentis- " simus, ita Alciati amicitiam magis ambire, . doctrinam admirari, " alterum Scaevolam existimare, Eum sibi quisque socium et con- " sortem gloriosi laboris expetere.t Iam Historiarum quanta, " quamque innumerata posita notitia, Geographiae vero totiusque " Orbis quam exquisita et velut in conspectu posita cognitio. " Nominabam in congressibus Ducem aliquem locum ve paulo " insigniorera, et statim eius res gestas, situmque loci atque natu- * See Life, p. ii, note i6. t See Grimaldi's Oratio, Aiij and iij v and iiij. I. 2° 1550.] Varondeir s Oration. 289 " ram cursu ita reddebat, ut in nullo unquam verbo Eum memoria " deceperit, quod an eius ingenij capacitati, an immortali diligen- "tiae ascribam, hand dum fatis constitui. Restabant Graecae " literae, ut a Doctoribus nostris per fastidium abiectae, ita legibus "legumque consultis maxime necessariae, Earum eum iam ab "ineunte aetate gestum aliquem cepisset, postea Vir prudentis- " simus ita excoluit, ut et multa scripserit graece,* et ex graecis " multa latina fecerit, utrumque tanta urbanitate atque eloquentia " ut nisi tam nota celebrisque patria extitisset, ilium non ut olim " Homerum singulae urbes, sed ingentes provinciae Lege licinia " sibi vendicarent. Sed haec forte apud eos qui nisi quod ipsi sciunt, vix quicquam probant, baud ita magni ponderis videbun- " tur, quae nec ego quidem apud legum studiosos essem persecutus, *'in iam plerosque illius exemplo atque beneficio ijsdem artibus "imbutos, eandem viam studiorumque rationem ingressos, ad idem " quoque decus spectare atque aspirare cognoscerem. Et ut nihil "aliud haec profecto fuerunt partae postea in legibus gloriae " fundamenta quaedam actaeque radices, sine quibus magnae " istae quas tantopere mirantur, substructiones Legumque interpre- "tationes baud omnino constitissent. In banc Ego orationis ^' ultimam partem eum oculos animumque converto, Magnum " Commil. ac prope infinitum pelagus conspicio. Nec iam ulla oc- currit tellus, Coelum undique et undique pontus. Quid primum "hie, quid secundum? quae monstra? quas Carybdes, Syren- " asque commemorem % Vereor profecto in banc me vastitatem " et quasi tempestatem committere. Ex littore potius ipsum magno " in asstu navigante cursumque rectissimum tenentem fauentes spec- " temus. Hunc ego mihi, Commil. his quas modo commemoravi "artibus, quasi instructissima quadam navi iuris pelagus ingres- "sum, ventis atque remigatione, id est ingenio atque diligentia " tanta celeritate currentem videre videor, ut brevi emenso uni- " verso spatio lustratis evitatisque omnibus scopulis atque syrtibus " (quod ne ipsi quidem sapientissimo Ulyssi contigit) ante integrum " septennium coronatus in portum appulerit, iamque redditus pa- " triae non Lotophagorum delicias, non niagicas Circes artes, aut " Polyphemi fabulas, sed per ilia petita a se Justitiae arcana civibus " suis attulit, apud quos in foro totum triennium quasi in regno suo " gloriosissime versatus et eloquentissimi patroni, et ludicis optimi " partes omnes implevit. Sed cum divinum hominem et posteri- " tati natum una quantumvis amplissima civitas non caperet, esset- " que quasi lustitiae quidam Antistes atque praeco Nationibus "a Deo Optimo Maximo destinatus in Gallias accersitus, Aveni- " one sex centorum aureorum stipendio, addita a Leone Pontifice See Life, p. 5, and Grimaldi's Oratio, Aiiij. U A ppendix. [Doc. I. 2" " Maximo Comitis Palatini dignitate, primum legendi rudimentum "posuit. Cumqije iam celebritate famae esset absentibus notus, " Biturigas patriae suae antiquam metropolim a christianissimo " Rege aveto ad mille et ducentos aureos honoratio accersitus est, "ubi eius ita adventus celebratus, iit famam ingenii expectatio " hominis, expectationem ipsius adventus admiratio superaret. " Hactenus nobis, hactenus universae Galliae gratulor, quae te " decus nostrum cognitione atque hospitio familiar em habuerit, " tuae eruditionis primitias ceperit, adventumque primum, quasi "alterius Herculis laborem in dispellenda barbarie senserit. Inde "in Italiam ad persequendas belli reliquias per Mediolanensem " Principem revocatus, senatoriaque dignitate auctus, Ticini pri- " mum deinde Bononiae magno omnium nationum concursu aliquot "annos docuit, lamque in Ferrariam amplissimis praemijs magno '^ambitu a Duce invitatus, sic collapsum studium restituit, florens- " que reddidit, ut quae urbs inter Academias vix nominabatur, " eius tum praesentia quasi Alcibiadis fortuna principatum Italiae "tenuerit Quocumque, n. se convertisset Alciatus, secum luris "sacra omnia, secum studiosos omnes trahere, ibi Athenas, ibi " Berytus, ubi legerat Alciatus omnes existimare, quo ego te Papia "nunc infaustiores, nos miseriores esse video, quibus eo diutius "frui hie non licuerit, quo ipse ex longa peregratione certas iam. " senectutis sedes animi proposito, et ut videtis fato ipso destina- "rat O, infestam semper bonis sed ineluctabilem mortem, O, "iacturam publicamque legum calamitatem.* Quis per Deos iam "a Salvio luliano leges locupletius? quis tractavit sincerius? quis " habuit honestius ? Ego Comil. hie plura non cogere Vos ipsi q " eius semp fuerit in interpretando iure gravitas ? quae facultas, " quae copia, no opinione tacita animoram vestrorum, sed per- " spicua admiratione declarastis. Ego certe nihil unquam audivi " quod de iure subtilius atque explanatius dici videretur, nihil quod "de Doctorum controversijs gravius, nihil quod de sua sententia " dici potuerit ornatius, ut mihi iam verum illud esse videatur, quod "ille frequens usurpabat : Eum qui omnes animo virtutes penitus " comprehendisset, omnia quae facere vellet facilime tractare. " Iam vero non ea peculiaris eius palma, propriusque triumphus, " quani leges a barbaris infuscatas, atque in servitutem abreptas, " iamque latine loqui desuetas, in avitam bonarum literarum pos- " sessionem restituit, purgavit, emendavit, et in pristinu splendore "vendicavit. In quo quas eum labores tolerasse, quanta invidia " flagrasse putamus ? eum et Monarchae isti Legumque Coriphei, " ut novo homini insultarent, iuvenes passim propter labores de- " trectationem odissent. Sed quod non ageret quid non ferret, * Compare with Grimaldi's Omtio, B. I. 2" 1550.] Varondeir s Oration. 291 "qui semel se totum publicis stadijs dicarat (in qiiibus etiam et ''extinctus est) quique nobis quasi filijs pulchram banc locupletem " luris restituti haereditatem parabat, quam etiam ne expilaretur " aut violaretur ; tot libris quasi rationum tabulis communivit, ut " magna spes sit non laboribus victorijsque suis diutissime usuros. "Tibi Pater communisque studiorum parens gratias, tibi immor- " talitatem precamur, quam pro tot in Remp. Christianam meritis "p insigni pietate, Continentia, virtutis amore tibi Deus Opt. Max. " iam largitur. y^iternum ia vale. Nos quod restat et tui memo- ^'riam sanctissime colemus, et quo te natura iusserit Ordine om- " nes Sequemur." Finis r Then follow some Latin stanzas in Hexameters and Pentameters by Stefano Grazio, Jiuiio Zurla, by the count Constantino Landi and Federico Scotto. There is also an anonymous Italian sonnet. All the laudatory verses are of a general kind. Colophon : " Impressum Papiae, Apud Franciscum Moschenum Bergomensem. Et louanem Baptistam Nigrum, Civesque Papi- "enses. 1550." This oration by Varondello, though the Latinity is not in all points to be commended, is characterised by greater simplicity and natural feeling than that by Grimaldi. It is a pleasing tribute by an attached pupil to his celebrated master, but gives very few of the incidents of Alciati's career. Indeed these were not re- quired for an audience who knew them so well. Two or three sentences in English from this Oration {Appendix, pp. 287, 288), and one from the end {Appendix p. 292), v^ill suffice as examples of the nature of the com- position and of the praise : "Alciatiwas born at Milan, a famous and plentiful city, for- merly a colony of the Gauls, and now by the law of the Empire most renowned and august. In this city he had noble ancestors, and was of a family rich in highly learned men and devoted to the most liberal studies. By them, when first he advanced out of boyhood, he was brought up in a manner befitting his birth, and being abundantly instructed in the arts by which a youth of his age is accustomed to be fashioned to humanising culture, he forth- with applied himself to the study of written composition, and quickly from the glory of his talent he began to excel all, and very felicitously to compose Elegies, Comedies, Epigrams, and through the goodness of his nature, before his i6th year, to complete all the Poetical numbers. Even then also he toiled at oratorical 292 Appendix. [Doc. I. 3» exercises, and so surpassed, that, though scarcely in any one these high quahties concur, in him they were joined in strict aUiance and were all so bright, that you did not know, whether he were the greater orator, or the more elegant poet." And in conclusion : " For thee. Father and common Parent of our studies, we pray there may be thanksgivings, — for thee, that immortality, which in return for thy benefits towards the Christian Repubhc, for remark- able piety, for self-control and love of virtue, God, the Best and Greatest, is already bestowing. Now an eternal farewell. What remains we will do, — we will most sacredly revere thy memory ; and in whatever Rank nature shall command, in that will we follow." 30 Extracts respecting Andrea and Francisco Al- CIATI from De claris legum interpretibus libri qiMtiwrl' LlPSI^ apud lo. Fred. Gleditschiu et filium, 1 721, in 4to. These extracts were composed, — (j.) by Guido Panziroli, cap. cclvi., relating to Andrea; cap. cclvii. to Francisco Alciati.* The substance has been embodied in the pages of the Life of Andrea Alciati. The closing sentence relates to Andrea's personal ap- pearance (see Life^ p. 23) : "Vir fuit corpulentus, procerae staturae, patentibus et promi- " nentibus oculis, latis et crassioribus labiis, ac fusci coloris." (ij.) by Marco Mantua, at p. 443 of the above named work. His testimony is very brief, comprised in a few lines, and present- ing nothing important. (iij.) At pp. 519 and 530, in a short review of famous interpreters of law, Castellianus Cotta makes mention of Andrea Alciati, and ends with the words : " Cui optime convenit illud quod Pythius Apollo apud Ennium " dixisse fertur, eum se esse, unde reges populi et omnes sui cives " consilium expetant, suarum rerum incerti." (iv.) An epigram t by Matthaeus Gribaldus Mopha, in his Catalogus Literpretum juris civilis : " De Andrea Alciato : " Consultissimus ornat Alciatus " Musas, eloquium, sacrasque leges," * See Life, p. 27. f To which may be added no less than ten sets of laudatory verses on Andrea Alciati in Reusner's Icones, Basileae, Valdkirch, cio.io.xic. Panziroli, &c. — Zoncada. 293 (V.) Reference to a work by Albericus Gentilis, born at An- cona, and professor of law at Oxford in 1587. The work is De juris interpretibus Dialogi : 1 Scaevola, 2 Faulus, 3 Cato, 4 Treba- iitis, 5 Pompojims, and 6 Antipater. In these Dialogues, printed in London in 1582,* which treat of the qualities which make up an interpreter of law, Alciati's name is often introduced, and his works are frequently referred to and quoted from, but there is no connected account of himself. Printed columns from the Gazzetta dclla Provincia de Pavia, No. 33, 17 luglio, No. 38, 29 luglio, and No. 40, 25 Agosto 1861 ; — the subject, ANDREA Alciati e le Universita dPialia de' siioi tempi, by cavalier ANTONIO Zoncada, professor of Italian literature at Pavia. This essay, in about ten long 4to columns, gives the usual nar- rative of the life of Alciati, and contams several interesting and some very curious if not strange particulars respecting both student- life and professor-life in Italy. Some of these particulars are de- rived from the testimony of Giovanni Bouk, a very valued and learned scholar of Alciati, and are found in the oration which he delivered at Rostock on the occasion of becoming licenciate of laws in that university. Extracts are given below. Appendix I. 5°, from this oration, but the essay by professor Zoncada does not really belong to our BibliograpJiical Study, and it is therefore left unquoted. To show however the spirit of the writer we note his concluding sentences : Lungi pertanto da noi I'idea che vogliamo intentare un' accusa " al passato a cui abbiamo tante obbligazioni, o tessere un elogio " alia presente generazione quasi con essa il circolo del progresso " sia chiuso. Del passato ricordare gli errori e i traviamenti per " ischivarli, il bene per cavarne profitto a progredire, non insultare, non adulare il presente, non lo attraversare per ira, non lo asse- "condare alia cieca per vilth,, tale vuol essere la divisa del saggio." Written EXTRACTS from the Historisch-littcraiHscJi.- bibliographiscJies Magazin, crricJitet von einer GesellscJiaft litterm^iscJier Freimde in nnd ausser Detitschland : Heransge- gcben von lOH. Georg Meusel. Zweites Stuck, Ziirich, bey Ziegler und Sohne, 1790, 8vo. * The title is, " Alberici | GENTILIS | De luris Interpretibus \ Dia- logi I SEX. I LONDiNi, I Apud Johannein Wolfium. j 1582." [ Small 8vo, pp. 76. From a copy in the British Museum, 294 A ppendix. [Doc. I. 5" The extracts contain a reference to p. 104 of the above-named magazine, where are " Anekdoten von dem Recht gelehrten An- dreas Alciat, von der Verfassung der ItaHenischen Universitae- ten, und von der Ungezogenheit der ItaHenischen Studenten im XVI. lahrhundert." These anecdotes appear to be mainly derived from an oration by a pupil of Alciati's, Giovanni Bouk, freely quoted by professor Antonio Zoncada, Appendix I. 4° : " Oratio de vita Andreae Alciati luris Consult. Mediolanensis "clariss. scripta et recitata a loh. Boukio, V. 1. Doctore, cum " decerneritur ei Licentia petendi Doctorum insignia, in celebri " Rostochiensium Academia, vi. Idus Mail anno m.d.lx. 4." This oration is extremely rare, but is found in a second edition in Hall. Beytragen zu der jurisp. gel Hist., Francof. 157 1, 4to, at part i. p. 710. Signor Piccaroh gives an abstract of Bouk's Life of Alciati, in close agreement with the usual biographies. It is note-worthy however that Bouk testifies that Alciati "in his 26 year had already composed the greater part of his emblems."* The following citation from Bouk's Oratio7i on taking his de- gree in 1560 presents the account by an eye-witness of student-life in the universities of Italy, when and where Alciati taught, and also supplies favourable anecdotes of the professor himself. " Ibi ut adhuc auditorium frequentius, ita etiam multo petulan- " tins ac insolentius quam apud Transalpinos habuerat, habuit. Itali enim scholastici, quamvis eum plurimi fauebant, tamen non "multo minori procacia atque caeteros professores tractaverant. " Nam legentem suo more, modo revocare, modo manuum pedum- " que strepitu et supplosione impedire, modo obsibilando pertur- "bare, modo invehentem in ipsorum mores, per irrisionem, ne " irasceretur, deprecari, modo eum strependi finem non facerent, " de suggestu digressum, et domum ire conantem, circumsistere, " et ludibrii causa in Orbem cirumagere, ficta voce rogando, ne " gravaretur denuo conscenso suggestu lectionem absolvere : De- " inde cum rursus ascendisset, lectionemque continuare conaretur, " loquente ipso, magna vi pluteos scamnoque ferire, iterumque " silente quiescere et silere, atque ad extremum denuo loqui incipi- " entem strependo, sibilando de suggestu abigere, abeuntemque " cachinno, quasi ne bene gesta, prosequi non verebantur. Hunc " eorum ludum quotidianum non tulisset Alciatus, nisi scivisset, " eos, inveterata consuetudine, nullum genus Professorum non hoc " pacto plerosque etiam contumeliosius tractare. Propterea minus * This assertion is surely without foundation, for the Milan collection, 1522, when the author had completed his 28th year, contained only 100 emblems, and in 1534 there were but 113. I. 5° 1560.] BouJc s Oration. 295 eorum petulantia movebatur, habebatque eos insolescentes, tu- multuantesque plerumque tantum pro delectamento, sic ut eorum " ineptias suaviter deriderat. Quodam tamen die vehementius " exagitatus, cum ei stomachum fecissent frequenti auditorio, sonora " voce increpans, dictitabat, Transalpinos se agnoscere pro scho- " lasticis et auditoribus suis, qui quieti tantique audirent et scribe- "rent, Scholasticos Italos se non praedicare scholasticos, sed " verius rusticos aut milites esse. Nam earn protervitatem non esse " scholasticorum, sed aut agricolarum aut militum, sed uterentur " ea sane per se in posterum prolibitu brevi visuros, utrum sibi an "ipsis obesset : sed posthac non commissurum, ut eorum improbi- tate excandesceret, id enim sibi obfuturum non illis. Alia se ra- " tione illis par pari relaturum. Primum se illorum sibulos, sannas, " strepitus, supplosiones, acclamationes deinceps, nihilo plus cura- " turum, quam rabiosorum canum latratus, minusque de ipsis, quam " de ranis palustribus laboraturum. Deinde fere, ut eos multa in "docendo celaret, quae alioqui benigne traditurus fuisset, si ipsi " morigeri essent, Formidandum quoque illis esse vindictam divi- " nam, propterea, quod non minori impietate, qui in praeceptorem, "quam qui parentem injurius atque contumeliosus sit, teneatur. " Ipsos, quod quasi alteri Telchines, Lerii, lercopum coetus essent, "per suam improbitatem et pervicaciam indoctos blennos buco- *'nesque {sic) mansuros esse, Germanis, Gallisque auditoribus in- " terea eruditionem legitimam trans Alpes secum transportantibus. " Fatuos enim esse, qui non intelligerent, quantopere discipulo "prodesset, praeceptorem habere sui amantem, eos talibus mori- " bus non nisi odio haberi posse, dixit. Nec secus, ac dixit, fecit. " Nam minori sedulitate ac fide eos postea docuit, ut primum est " data occasio, exacto quadriennio illinc emigravit, Ferrariam enim "ab ejus civitatis principe accersitus, libenter se contulit, idemque " docendi munus etiam illic sustinuit. Ubi quo rerum successu "usus sit, brevitatis causa non dicam. Transacto illic itidem qua- " driennio, jussu Imperatoris per praefectos ejus, Papiam ire est " compulsus.* lus enim civitatis Mediolanensis, in quo natus esset, " et possessiones, quas illic habebat, ire pareret, se ipsi adempturos " minitabantur. Papiam quod ea urbs in statu Mediolanensi, id "est in patria sua, ubi se minori in pretio, quam alibi futurum " metuebat, sita esset et quod praefectum Hispanum haberet, mi- " nus libenter commigravit. Eventum tamen res meliorem quam " sperabat, habuit. Nam et pro publice legendi labore mille tre- "centorum aureorum coronatorum stipendio annuo ultro cohones- " tatus est, et alio insuper honorifico salario promisso in senatum " provincialem dictionis Mediolanensis, quod apud Insubres in See Life^ pp. 16, 18, 19, for mention of these changes of residence. 296 Appendix. [Doc. i. 5° " primis magnificum habetur, est cooptatus, in eaque dignitate us- "que ad exitum vitae permansit. Ea praeterea frequentia eum " de jure Consulentium fuit, ut duobus illis stipendiis, et ea quam "pro dandis consilijs litigantibus capiebat, pecunia in unam sum- "mam redactis, facile quotannis ad quatuor aureorum Ungarico- " rum millia conficeret. Illic veluti quintum suae fabulae actum, " qui, ut scitis, coeteris actibus plausibilior esse debet, hoc est " ultimam vitae partem feliciter egit, et laudabili exitu conclusit. " Majori hominum admiratione et applausu, majoreque facilitate " eum illic jus explicasse, atque de jure respondisse, argumento " est, primum Mercedis amplitudo, deinde quod, sicut dixi, illico *'post adventum suum in summum illius provinciae senatum est " allectus. Argumento est praeterea hoc quoque, ejus virtuti ac *' mentis ! is honor habitus est, ut illic sine aemulo publice legeret. " Est enim consuetudo communis omnibus fere Academiis Ita- "liae, ut semper bini professores juris, diversis quiaem auditoriis, " sed eadem hora easdem materias legant, utque certis anni tem- "poribus quotidie finita lectione de ijsdem materiis in utriusque ''auditorii circulo disputent, sustinente semper altero ipsorum "pridie respondendi munus, postridie altero. Qui cedendo alter eandoque palmam tulerit frequentiusque auditorium retinuerit, ."ei annua stipes augetur. Id ut docentium diligentiam acuit, et "auditoribus magnopere conducit, ita docentibus vehementer est molestum praesertim senibus. Nam ne senibus quidem, quamvis " in sua professione insignibus, nisi rarissime magnique beneficii "loco, ejus rei gratiam faciunt. Itaque in eadem Academia lason "jam senio confectus Philippo Decio cui studio fuit, ut etiam ex "scriptis ejus apparet communi doctorum consensu receptas et "approbatas sententias, non necessariis argutiis aut subvertere, "aut labefacere, inclytissimo antagonista non antea fuit liberatus "quam cum se abiturum saepius minitatus esset, ac serio disces- "sum pararet. " Alciato vero hoc honoris caussa non roganti remiserunt, quod " eum senectute et morbis debilitatum, alacriorem multo ad expo- " nenda jura reddidit. Nam podagra ei crura et pedes ita vitia- " verat, ut suggestum nisi a famulo adjutus et sublevatus, pauculis " gradibus ascendere non posset. Deinde pituita quoque corpus " compleverat, obsidens etiam plerumque pectus et fauces. Itaque " cum crebrius ejus ejectandae causa inter legendum screaret, Scho- "lastici Itali suo more verbis hominem ludificantes, vehementius " clariusque screare jubent, quo imbroba ilia pituita tandem exiret. " Ille vero dicere, se mirari, illos sibi vitio vertere, quod pituitam " aere pluvioso ad fauces defluentem eiiceret. Habuit tamen eos " Papia satis molestos, ipse eos ridere magis, quam ab illis rideri "solitus. Solebat enim legere in loco sublimiori, inde despectus I. 5' 1560.] Bouk s Oration. 297 "erat in aream scholae medicorum, uno lamen pariete seclusam. " Itaque cum ipso legente, me et aliis Germanis lectionem audien- " tibus, studiosi medicinae mortiiam mulierem, anatomiae causa, in ^'suam aream advectam cum clamore de curru deiicerent, Scholas- " tici Itali subito de subselliis undique suis prosiliunt, atque ad fines- " tram maximam spectandi gratia, concurrunt, nihil curantes, quod "lectionem interrumperent ; cum spectaculo satiati resedissent; " vultis scire, inquit Alciatus, quales sitis ? Ptolomaeus Aegypti rex " simias habebat sic assuefactas, ut purpura indutae ac personatae " hominum ritu choros exercerent, sic ut, ni proprius aspexisses, " homines esse putares ; sed cum quodam die illis coram Rege "humanam saltationem pulchre representantibus, quidam expec- "tantibus nuces e sinu depromptas objecisset, oblitae choreae, " contritis personis dilaceratisque vestibus nucibus diripiendis " inter se depugnaverunt non sine magno spectantium risu ; harum "simiarum vos simillimi estis. Nam sed quis vestros mores ''ignorans, vos hie tranquillos sedentes et quae leguntur, audire " scribereque videat, quantivis pretii scholasticos vos esse existima- "verit. Coeterum si idem videat, vos cujuslibet leviculae rei " spectaculo veluti aniculae cadavere, oblato abiectis libris, neg- " lecto praeceptore, interrupta lectione, personae dignitatis scho- " lasticae oblitos ad spectandum prosilire plane ut simiae in nuces e " chorea evadebant, an non vos simiarum magis quam scholasti- "corum naturam referre optimo jure confirmabit ? Eorum dico " scholasticorum qui plusculum gravitatis habentes Studentes vulgo " vocantur, non eorum, qui a Baiis, id est ineptiis, Baiani dicuntur. " Sed vos cum simiae sitis, nihil mirum est, quod non intelligitis, " quanta dignitas vitae scholasticae sit, quantum morum honesta- " tem constantiamque postulet. Haec illo dicente, tacendo culpam " quodammodo agnoverunt, et nihil aliud egerunt, quam ut haec festivius, quam a me relata sunt, et cum subrisione asserenti "mediocriter arriderent. Unum mihi ad haec de ejus auditoribus " adiicere libet, unde liquet, quam illorum ineptias parvi penderet. " Fuit, me Papiae commorante, vetus illius Academiae etiamnum " in usu consuetudo, ut Doctores publice docentes centesimam " partem salarii sui scholiosticorum universitati ad convivium pub- "lice parandum darent, ad id omnes doctores et scholastici om- ''nium nationum invitabantur. In eo convivio scholastici Itali "plerumque rixas et turbas concitaverunt ; propterea Collegium " lure Consultorum decretum de non danda amplius ea pecunia, " abolendoque illo convivandi more fecit. Illo decreto in vulgus "annunciato Itali scholastici confestim concursu facto, ad docto- " rum aedes, pignorum capiendorum causa discurrunt. Ac aliud " pignoris ab alio ceperunt, quod primo in singulorum domo repere- " runt. Bertium, insignem luris Pontificii doctorem, foribus forte 298 Appendix. [Doc, I. 5" "fortuna occlusis, domi non invenerunt. Quam ob rem inde " digredientes, cum in eum mula per plateam equitantem casu, "incidissent ipso descendere, jusso, mulam pro pignore abdux- " erunt. Atque ille, quamvis reverenter de mula depositus, tamen " non aliter excandescebat ac stomachabatur, quam si (ut in pro- "verbio est) de asino delapsus fuisset. Alciatus vero, cum ex " domino {sic) sua aulaeum de pariete demptum eos auferre videret, "nihil commovebatur, sed ridens, animo eas {sic) paulisper suo "morem gerere jussit, brevi fore, ut id sua sponte referrent, ac "proxima lectione rem in locum convertit; cum enim legis cujus- " dam speciem facti de more fingeret, qaidam scholastici, in quit, " a praeceptore suo, quem sibi, pecuniolam debere falso arbitra- " bantur, pignoris loco abstulerunt verbi gratia, tapete, quid juris ? " Suavis quidem risus statim toto auditorio est co-ortus, nec ipse "risum tenuit, neque uUum verbum amplius ea de re adjecit. " Scholastici ergo ultro tapete ad eum locum reportaverunt ; Cae- " teri professores non priusquam Senatus provincialis per edictum " magnas poenas, ni quam primum reddidissent, Scholasticis esset "comminatus decretumque Collegii confirmasset, sua pignora re- " cuperaverunt." So ends Book's tale of student-life and customs in Italy, and of the skill and good sense and good temper with which Alciati ruled and suppressed the rude and mannerless insubordination of the young men. Strange indeed does it now appear that such a narrative should be deemed suitable by a learned man to be rehearsed before a university, when himself was about to be arrayed in the robes of a doctor of laws. Yet at Rostock in North Germany it would be flattering to the audience to be told how, on occasion of a tumult in his class, Alciati himself had commended his Transalpine students, and- said "that he acknowledged them to be his scholars who quietly listened and wrote, and that he could not declare the Italians to be his scho- lars, but more truly country boors and soldiers that for their hissings and shoutings and stamping of feet he cared no more than for the barkings of angry dogs, and should trouble himself respecting them less than for the frogs in the marshes." He added, ''that they were infa- tuated who did not understand how great a benefit it was I. 6° 1869.] Serajin s collected Documents. 299 to a learner to have his preceptor his own friend, and not through such rudeness of manners be held by him only in contempt." Several other instances of the extreme rudeness of the Italian students are also recorded ; but Alciati appears to have met their misconduct with considerable good temper and prudence, especially the outbreak in his presence when the medical students in the adjoining class-room had sud- denly hoisted, within view of the law-class, the body of a dead woman. The outbreak of clamour and uproar was of course tremendous, but Alciati rebuked and appeased it by narrating to his young men the anecdote of Ptolemy king of Egypt and his band of trained apes. Until their real nature was tried they behaved with utmost propriety ; they imitated the manners of civilised creatures, and could join in the dance with utmost politeness and good manners. One day, to prove them, a quantity of nuts were thrown amongst them ; they instantly forgot their training, and shrieked and fought and scrambled for the nuts in wild disorder. While Alciati was speaking the students acknow- ledged their fault by becoming silent ; and the professor's well-timed tale showed his fitness to guide and govern them.* The other anecdotes are equally creditable to Alciati's sound judgment, — but enough has been translated to mani- fest his method and temper. 6° Letters and papers relating to or by Andreas Alciati in the juridical archives, communicated for publication in 1868 in Bologna, and continued now by signor Philip Serafin, professor of Roman law to the university of Bo- logna, in vol. iii. 1869, pp. 346, &c. " DocuMENTi iNEDiTi per scrvirc alia storia del diritto Andrea Alciati Lettore 7iello studio di Botogna, Anni 1537-41." * The whole anecdote is in agreement with the kindly way in which Alciati addresses his students at Bologna in 1540, See Life, p. 48. 300 Appendix. [Doc. i. 6° I Riformatori — (dello Studio di Bologna, partito il Lettore Pietro Paolo Parisio e cercato invano di avere in di lui vece Rinaldo Petmcci) — non appare che dopo quel tempo trattassero con altri, o piu tosto solo trattarono con un uomo a quei giorni quanto altri celebratissimo, e che disputavansi citta e monarchi : il giureconsulto Andrea Alciati. * "Dopo aver egli insegnato assai giovane in Avignone (1518)- quindi con straordinario successo nell' Academia di Bourges, ivi chiamato da Francesco 1°. (1528) era tornato in Italia (1532) per invito di Francesco Sforza duca di Milano, che lo fece senatore e lo mandb a leggere in Pavia. Se nonche stante la guerra riaperta da Francesco 1°. nel 1535, che torno da capo sossopra la Lombardia essendo rimasto chiuso quello studio, sia che 1' Alciati si fosse offerto a Bologna o i Riformatori, nel saperlo inoperoso, volessero acquistarlo per vanto ed utile della Patria, fatto si e che nell' agosto di quell' anno inviarono uno dei loro a trattare con esso lui, e quegli ne scriveva in tal modo : " 111""' Sig" Signori et Benefattori miei singolarissimi. Non mi e accaduto fin qui scriver cosa alcuna a V. 111™^ S. del "maneggio con lo Excellentissimo Alciati, perche in breve si e " concluso con modo non molto diversamente da quello ch' essi " medesimi addimandavano. " Sopra li dui capi difficiU che la condutta fosse almeno di "cinque anni e che piu; non si spendesse che scuti 1200 ho usato " ogni arte ch'io ho saputo perche succedesse il tutto al voler di " V. Ill"'* S. ma in effetto non ha voluto passar li quattro anni, cioe "tre di obligo fermo, et uno a piaimento dello 111"'" et Rev™" S. " Legato o vice Legato, e di V. S"*. Et dell' altro e stato sempre "fermo di voler 200 scuti in mano per questa sol volta, et si e " contentato di ogni altra cosa, secondo piu appieno quelle ved- " ranno per ie incluse copie. Le quali io mando perche tanto piu " presto sappiano quello che ho operato. Et in loro buona gratia " humilmente mi raccomando. Di Piacenza 31 et ultimo d' Agosto " 1537. humil. Ser'* (fuori) " Vangelista Matugliano. "Air Iir' Sig" "li Sig" Quaranta di Bologna et Padroni miei oss'^'/'t * *'Nato in Alzate del Milanese 1' 8 di Maggio del 1492, mori a Pavia il 12 Giiigno" [doveva dire Gennaid) " 1550, Egli aveva studiato il diritto a Pavia da Giasone Maino, e a Bologna da Carlo Ricini; ed in Bologna fu laureato nell' anno 15 14, siccome ivi pubblico ancora scolaro nel 1 5 13 la sua prima opera. Note sugli ultimi tre libri delle Istituzioni di Giustiniano. " (See Life, pp. 2, 4, 5» 23.) + Archivio di Prefettura — Lettere dell' Ambasciatore al Senate dal 1522 al 1553. I. 6° 1537.] Documents and Letters. 301 II Matugliano manda la sua lettera da Piacenza dove lo avevan richiamato altre cure, ma che due giorni innanzi si trovasse a Mi- lano per combinar con I'Alciati medesimo pub vedersi da tre pre- ziosi documenti. " 111" et Mag"' et pad"' miei oss™\ " Ho ricevuto una Credentiale delle S. S. V. V. portata per M. "Vangelista Matugliano, et ho firmato la condutta secondo la *'volonta delle S. S. V. V. alle quali ho voluto piu deferire che alia volonta et desiderio mio sperando non posser fare alcun maggior guadagno che gratificare a tante 111""^ e nobilissime per- " sone. Et cosi acceleraro quanto piu presto potro accioche piu " presto venga a servitij di questi ; offerendomi sempre a vostri " comandamenti Alii quali humilmente mi raccomando. Data in "Milano die 29 Ag. 1537. humilimus cliens, " Andreas Alciatus Jureconsultus." * "A di 29 Agosto 1537 in Milano lo Andrea Alciati lurecon- " sulto Milanese questo di S. S. (Sopra scritto) ho recevuto da " M. Evangelista Matugliano scudi ducento d'oro, li quali mi ha "pagato a nome del R'"° et III'"" Legato, del vice Legato et li " Mag" S" Quaranta Riformatori dello Stato della liberth, di Bo- " logna. Et sono oltra il stipendio della condutta ch'io ho questo " di medesimo fatta con il detto Evangelista a nome S. S. di an- " dare a leggere la prima lettione della prima cathedra di ragion ''civile della sera. A causa che io possa condurre mie robbe, "familia, et altre mie cose necessarie in Bologna. Et io prometto *'in evento ch'io non mi trasferissi a Bologna al detto effetto di "restituirli ad ogni piacere delli sopra scritti signori senza alcuna " excetione. Et per fede del vero ho scritto et sottoscritto questo " di mia propria mano, anno die mense S. S. " Ego Andreas Alciatus scripsi " et subscripsi manu propria." t "Die Mercurii xxix Augustij 1537, Mediolani. " Formula conventionis inter me Andream Alciatum Jureconsul- " turn mediolanensem et Evangelistam Matuglianum procuratorem " 111"" et Rev"'' D. Gregorii Magalotii vice Legati et Gubernatoris, " agentis nomine 111"" et Rev™' D. Legati Bononiae et etiam pro- " curatorem Magnificorum Dominorum Quadraginta Reformato- "rum Status libertatis civitatis Bononiae prout apparet publico " documento etc. hoc est. " In primis quod dictus Alciatus teneatur se conferre Bononiam " et kalendis novembris proxime futuris profiteri secundum-morem * Archivio di Prefettura. Instmmenti scritture et altro dall' anno 1536 al 1537. t Archivio di Prefettura Instrumenti. C. S. 302 Appendix. Doc. I. "civitatis Bononiae lectionem Juris Civilis ordinariam de sero " seu vespertinam et publice earn legere in scholis magnis et "alias prout legebant Domini Carlus Ricinus, et Petrus Paulus " Parisius.* Quae conventio et conducta duret per triennium continuum, et "preterea etiam per annum arbitratu 111"" D. D. Legati seu vice " Legati, et Magnificorum dominorum xl. Reformatorum etc. " Et suprascripti Rev™' et Mag" D. D. quadraginta teneantur " singulis annis dare et solvere scuta aurea mille et ducenta pro "honorario dictae lecturae solvenda de trimestri in trimestrem " secundum ordinem et per solitas distributiones studij dictae " Civitatis.t Ego Andreas Alciatus conveni secundum supra scripta, et ita " me obligo ad omnia et singula supra scripta, et subscripsi manu " propria. Ego Evangelista Matuglianus nomine suprascripto conveni "secundum supra scripta et manu propria subscripsi.^ Frattanto avvicinavasi il tempo dell' apertura dello studio senza che I'Alciati fosse giunto ; anzi per curiosa coincidenza propria- mente nel giorno stabilito per lo incominciamento delle lezioni, ch' era il 4 di Novembre, il Cardinal Campeggio scriveva da Roma ai Riformatori. " Mando alle Sig"^ V. I'alligato che dal Rev'"° Caracciolo " ho havuto in risposta sopra la cosa dello Alciato, quantunque non " sia secondo il desiderio vostro di che a me duole fino al cuore, " Elle vedranno se per me ci restera a fare alcun altro ufficio, et "dandone avviso non mancherb punto del debito etc." || * Circa la differenza tra i Lettori ordinari et gli straordinari tratti pubblicando ed illustrando alcuni documenti inediti risguardanti Pietro Pomponazzi — Vedi Atti e Memorie della R. Deputazione di Storia Patria per le Provincie di Romagiia Anno VI. I Lettori ordinari di eminente scienza forestieri gode- vano della preminenza, e di non pochi altri privilegi. Quelli di Giurispru- denza al tempo d'Alciati, secondo le oj-dinanze sopra il studio di Bologna leg- gevano alV hora debita delle XXI. L'ora delle lezioni era annunziata dalla Campana di S. Petronio la quale doveva suonare vieza hora al piii cojnputati li botti et finita de suonare li dottori senza aspettarsi Vim V altro incontinente entrano et conienzajto le sue letioni et leggono rai hora per // meno sotto pena di soldi XX. Archivio della Prefettura. Diversorum Bust I. t Riportandoci ai Bandi o Gride di quel tempo lo scuto d'oro dall' anno 1536 al 1539 ebbe il corso di lire 3 e soldi 11 ; e siccome il valore d'ogni lira negli anni medesimi, secondo un ragguaglio che da Vincenzo Bellini nella Dis- sertazione sopra la lira marchesina corrisponderebbe a 40 baiochi romani pari a £2. 12. 8. di moneta nostra, ne viene che 1200 scuti d'oro equival- gono a ;!^9n65.28. X Archivio di Prefettura, Instrumento Busta 1537. II Archivio della Prefettura, lettere di Principi Cardinal! e Prelati al Senato 1535-1537. 1. 6- 1537 ] Documents and Letters. 303 Or ecco I'allegato di cui si discorre : u ]^gv""' et ir" Signor mio observandissimo. " Ho visto quanto V. S. Rev""* mi scrive sopra el negocio de " M. Andrea Alcyate (sic). Et perche quella intenda el tutto esso " M. Andrea e subdito de la Cesarea Maestk et stipendiato a la lec- " tura di Pavia, et non ha havuto mai licentia dal Senato Cesareo, quindi stante che egli ha da sua M. la cura del studio di Pavia ^' pertanto non vedo come el prefato Alcyate si possi obligare ad " altri. Ne io li potria dar licentia senza expresso ordine di S. M. " et specialmente reducendo la cosa in tanto detrimento del stu- "dio, et de la sua cita di Pavia. " Prego V. S. Rev""^ ad haverme per excusato se non posso in " questo negocio servirle come serria el mio Desiderio. In lo " resto mi comandi come a servitor che li sono. Et in sua bona "gratia M. Rev''" N. S. Dio li doni longa vita, sanith, et conten- "tezza. In Milano a li xxvii. de octob. m.d.xxxvii. Di V. S. " Illma et Revma, humilissimo Servitore (fuori) " II Card. Caracciolo. Al R'"" et III'"" S. Mio obser™° il ''Sig. Cardinale Campegio."* II nostro lettore aveva dunque contratto un nuovo impegno non curando di scioglier prima i vincoli che lo legavano alio studio di Pavia. D'altra parte sin da quando trovavasi in Bourges nel 1528, mentre aveva potuto resistere alle insistenze del Bembo che lo voleva a Padova, poco dopo egli medesimo impegnava il Sado- leto ad ottenergli di leggere in Bologna. Forse cib derivava in parte dal suo carattere irrequieto e inco- stante, ma egli era altresi vanitoso ed avaro, ne certo avrebbe lasciato a Bourges un pingue salario, ed onorificenze tali da veder per anco assistere alle sue lezioni Francesco P di Francia e il Delfino, se non avesse tenuto all' importanza grandissima di leg- gere nelle studio di Bologna, dove, massime per la scienza del Diritto perduravano tradizioni nobilissime.t Allora non pote compiere quel suo disegno perche i cittadini di Bourges tanto fecero da costringerlo a rimanere, e solo abbandono la Francia quando il Duca di Milano ne impetrava il ritorno : ma offrendosi da per se stessa la congiuntura di soddisfare al suo amor proprio come avrebbe potuto resistere e rifiutarla ? Egualmente questa volta egli non ostante la grande avidita del * Ivi — Marino Caraccioli uomo di stato tenuto in gran conto ai suoi tempi. Carlo V. lo aveva creato suo ambasciatore, e nominate Governatore di Milano ; fu protonotario di Leone X. e papa Paolo III. lo fece Cardinale. t See Life, pp. 7, 11, 15. 304 Appendix. [Doc. i. 6» denaro, rimproveratagli dagli scrittori contemporanei e dai posteri, mostrava vero disinteresse in favor di Bologna accettando la Con- dotta dello studio per 1200 scudi d'oro, quando ne riceveva a Pavia ben 1500. Delia qual somma di 1500 scudi d'oro non pub farsi contrasto, conservandosi nell' Archivio di Pavia una lettera deir Alciati medesimo da cui si raccoglie come trattando esso di tornare a Pavia nel 1546, domandava che gli fosse confermato il salario di scudi 1500 all' anno :* atieso che esso Alciato molto maggior sojmna pub conseguire a Padova dalli Signori veneti; et a Pisa dal sig7ior Duca di Piorentia, et or a a Perrara cojisegiiisce maggior somma et nienfe di meno perdera esso Alciato gran pecunia per li consilii qual preseiitetnente occorrono a Perrara per la opiilentia delle proxime cittate, et mancara?ino a Pavia per la povertd et sciagura de essa et convicine cittate. \ Tuttavia, o I'Alciati insistesse per ottenere una licenza dallo studio di Pavia, o i Riformatori impegnassero persone affinche gli fosse concessa, essi nel giorno 8 di Novembre confidavano ancora d'averlo, siccome risulta dalla sequente lettera : "Al R"" Ricalcati. " Per lettere di V. S. scritte al Sig"- Confaloniere nostro et mos- trateci da S. S. era che non venendo piu I'Alciato in questo studio *'si riconducesse M, Restauro con salario di 500, 1'anno. Ci e " parso darle per la presente aviso come esso Alciato ha scritto che " e disposto a venire et che gia si e messo in procinto. Di tanto "V. S. ne potra far moto con S. B"^ accioche non le pariamo men " pronti ad ubbidirla di quello ricerca la santita nostra. Et a comandi v". "Bon. 8 Novembre i537."t Ma pure gli ostacoli non erano tutti vinti, e da un' altra lettera che il Card. Legato scrive da Roma ai Riformatori nel giorno 19 di Novembre si scorge come M. Andrea Alciato fu impedito a leggere in questo studio et non pote eseguire la sua i?ite?itione. Qualunque fosse la ragione pero egli non provvedendo in tempo manco a ogni delicatezza, se pure non fu un mancare decisamente air onesta. Esso aveva sotto scritto un contratto ; aveva ricevuto in anticipazione 200 scuti d'oro, il suo nome gia dall' ottobre di quell' anno 1537 figurava nel libro dove segnavansi le ore delle * These particulars are all most interesting, but scarcely modify any of the statements in the Life of Andrea Alciati. t Questa notizia e dovuta al chiarissimo Prof. Gian Maria Bussedi il quale con rara cortesia voile comunicarla al Cav. Serafini Direttore dell' Archivio Giuridico, non appena questi lo interesso a ricercar nell' Archivio di Pavia documenti relativi all' Alciato. X Archivio di Prefettura. Copia lettere, vol. I., 1536 al 1543, pag. 34. I. 60 1538.] Documents and Letters. 305 lezioni, le mancanze, e i salarj, e vedevasi sopra i cosl detti Rotoli del primo trimestre di quell' anno f Laonde i Riformatori credet- tero di prendere una franca risoluzione, che il Cronista sincrono piu sopra ricordato descrive con queste parole : " Essendo condutto a legger le leggi dal Senato M. Andrea " Alciato excellente dottore questi in questi tempi si ritrovossi col salario di mille ducento scudi d'Oro et non venendo, et scrivendo esser retenuto a Milano dal Cardinal Caraciola Governador di " Milano accio passasse a Pavia a ristorar quel studio, parendo al Senato esser delusi lo fecero citare alia Ringhiera del Palagio "del Podesta a dover venire a sodisfare alle promissioni fatte da " lui di propria mano, oltra I'instrumenti fatti per man di nodari " delle condition! fra I'uno e I'altro. Et cio fecero fare tre giorni " continui." Qui seguono altre notizie e quindi : "Cosi passando la cosa intendendo M. Andrea Alciato come "era stato citato alia Ringhiera di Bologna in Novembret per " osservare le sue promissioni, tanto fece che havuta la licentia dal " Cardinale Caraciola venne a Bologna ove fu molto lietamente dal " Senato et da tutto il studio, ricevuto, et con festa dei cittadini." % Quando veramente venisse non b detto, ne fatalmente trovansi documenti a provarlo : II Cronista nota il fatto tra gli ultimi avve- nimenti di quell' anno; e i Riformatori nel Gennajo del 1538 pre- sero questa importante deliberazione. "Die veneris xxv. Januarij 1538. " Congregatis Magnificis D. D. xl" Riformatoribus status liber- " tatis civitatis Bononiae in Camera Magnifici D. Locu Tenentis, "in eius presentia ac de ipsius consensu et voluntate inter eos " infrascripta partita posita et obtenta fuerunt. * Intorno ai Rotoli o tavole per la distribuzione dei salarj ed al prezioso Regestum Punctatiomim Doctorum esistenti nel medesimo Archivio, vedi i Do- cumenti pomponazziani gia citatL t Lo storico aveva scritto ottobre che cancell6 per iscrivere invece No- vembre. X Biblioteca Universitaria. Storie di Bologna di Fra Lcandro Alhcrii. Tom. iv. lib. ii. deca. 7, pag. 497. (Omissis.) Comprobatio rcpositionis in Album Doctorum ex. mi D. Andreae Alciati. " Item D. Andrea Alciatns Maximus et Eminentissi- " mus luris Civilis interpres, recte et legitime pro almi " Gymnasij Bononiensis utilitate et ornamento, in Al- "bum Doctorum, unde certis de causis expunctus " et erosus fuerat, quod ante Senatum viva voce ut "fieret mandavit, nunc factum per hoc suum Senatus X 3o6 Appendix. [Doc. I. 60 *'consultum factum per fabas albas omnes xxvi. " comprobavit."* Andrea Alciato aveva dunque finalmente principiate le sue lezioni." " Col proceder dei documenti vedremo quanto gli fossero con- trastate, e con quali armi, nello spazio dei quattro anni da lui passati a Bologna. Podesta'' Remark by Signer Piccaroli : " La continuazione non e uscita finora (Ottobre 187 1); ne uscira cosi presto, per quanto mi consta, a cagione d'altre cure che ten- gono occupato I'autore. Spero di poterle mandar copia della lettera del Prof. Bussedi (ora sgraziatamente defunto) della quale e cenno nella Notat alia pagina 8 dell' articolo del Podesta. ( Signed ) Piccaroli. " These letters and papers, communicated through signer Piccaroli by professor Serafin of Bologna, possess consi- derable value and interest, but they do not demand any special review. Had they been received early enough, some of them might have been advantageously interwoven with Alciati's Life. The formal contracts between the juris- consult and the authorities of Bologna are deserving of notice ; and also some of the letters of Alciati, and the account of the law proceedings respecting the non-fulfil- ment of some of his engagements. It seems clear that Alciati could not leave Pavia when his presence was required in Bologna. He had been sum- moned to the Milanese university by the supreme authority, and it was at the risk of fine and confiscation if he refused to obey. He knew however that the time was coming when he would be free to quit Pavia, and therefore he did not resign his appointment in Bologna, though in one respect he could not fulfil his engagement, — that is, he could not make his appearance there at the time of the opening lecture. As to his love of money, he was no more avaricious than his contemporaries. Whenever they could command an un- * Archivio della Prefettura. Partitorum 1 538-1 542, vol. xviii. pag. 64 R. f See Appendix^ Doc. I. 6<>, (note t) p. 304. 1. r 1869.] Documents and Letters. 307 usual honorarium or a splendid salary, they were seldom so generous as not to ask it. Alciati's mental powers and his position justified him in aiming at high pecuniary rewards and professional honours ; but for large gains he certainly in return gave large benefits. Envious tongues were around him to gossip over his revenues, and as these were con- siderable both from his lectureship and his practice of the law, his detractors became embittered and unscrupulous. 70 Part of a letter from professor BUSSEDI to professor Serafini (May loth 1869) referred to above. " Chiaris'"** Sig. Professore. Ella mi suggerisce come materia di esercizio la storia di questa ^' aniversita, cioe qualche importante periodo di essa o le notizie " di alcuno de' valenti giureconsulti che la illustrarono. Ma la cosa " non e cosi facile come parrebbe a prima vista. Questa university "non ha ancora una storia bene ordinata, come I'hanno per "cagion d'esempio o in tutto o in buona parte Bologna, Pisa, " Padova, etc. Sebbene nella seconda meta del secolo p. p. non " mancassero da Vienna eccitamenti, anche con promessa di onori "e di premi, a supplire a una tale lacuna. Anche i document! " sparsi in pili archivi e alcuni fuor di qui, non furono mai raccolti " tutti insieme, e anzi d'una gran parte di essi, che ancora al prin- " cipio di questo secolo si sapeva dov' erano, s'e perduta la traccia. "Per darle un saggio dello stato delle cose e insieme alcun segno del conto nel quale tengo i suoi desiderii, le diro " il povero resultato delle indagini da me fatte in questi pochi " giorni intorno all' Alciato del quale ella pur vorrebbe qualche "documento appartenente aglianni fra il 1537 e il 1541. La tra- " dizione pavese (come si puo raccogliere dalla nota 22 dell' elogio " di lui recitato dal Prof Giuseppe Prina nell' inaugurazione degli "studii deir university, dell' anno 1810-1811) porta ch' esso fu "qui in tre periodi cioe 1533 a 1537, 1542 a 1544, 1546 fino alia " morte. Da questa tradizione non discorda cio che leggesi in un " orazione funebre che gli fu fatta pochi giorni dopo la sua morte " e stampata nel mese stesso di questa e che qui trascrivo comin- ciando dal punto ch' esso torno di Francia." * * The passage which professor Bussedi introduced in his letter is quoted from Grimaldi's Oratio Fvnebris on the death of Alciati, referred to at pp. 25-27 of our work. Grimaldi's oration, with a translation into English, is among the fac-simile reprints of the Holbein-Society, 1871, and consequently is now more accessible to readers than it was. 308 A ppendix. [Doc. I. 7° " Accersiuit mox illu de longinqiiis regionibus, resist entiq; 6^ qiw- commodo tergiuersanti iu7'e suo in iecit manum Franciscus S. F. Mediolanensis, Dux amplissimaq; senatoria dignitate ornmiit, &^ tit Ticini doceret ab eo impeti'aint. Bononiam Stiidiorum alumjiam paulo post petijt in qua honorificentissime exceptus quatiwr ajinos mag7io auditoru concursu Tus ciuile professus est. Ticinum reuocatiis ( ita iubente Carolo Imperatore Sej^eniss.J aliquot annos hie resedit, Fer- rariam Ducis Herculis amplissi7?iis coditionibus adductus deinceps imiisit, 6^ posiratam Aco.demiani extulit. Tandem post infinitos peregrinationis laboj^es Ticinum reuersits^ hie sedes ae domicilium eollocauit, docuitq; tres aut quatuor annos ad simmum^ assidua doctorttm iurorum frequentia undique eonjluentium. Deniq; dum pedum dolore^ aliquot anjios leuiter quidem primo (ut fit ) fortius mox ac crebrius laboraret eontinua febre adiu?icta paulatini intra deeem et quatuor dies confectus, integris usq; dum interiret seinper sensibus^ ad tertium Idus lanuar. quinquageshnum octauum annum aon excedcns mortem obij't'^ " La cosa potrebbe chiarirsi anche rispetto agli anni, se ci fosse " intera la serie de' rotuli lectorum studii papiensis di quegli anni. " Ma per le frequenti sospensioni delle scuole cagionate da peri- "coli e da travagli di gaerre mancano i rotuli dal principio del " secolo sin bene innanzi. Era qui I'uso che il senato di Milano al principio d'ogni anno scolastico mandasse il rotulo de' giuristi e quello degli artisti colla designazione delle letture e de' lettori " e in progresso dell' anno li mandasse di nuovo coU' aggiunta degli " stipendii per servire, credo, di base al pagamento di questi. II " primo rotulo, nel quale comparisce 1' Alciato, e quello dell' an. sco- ^'lastico 1 536-1 53 7." ^'Cum circa ilia confusa et turbatissima tem- ''pora (dice il Prof. Giacomo Parodi* nel suo Syllabus lectorum "studii Ticinensis, MS.) rotulis seu tabulis lectorum careamus, "ipsum (Alciatum) tantum invenimus primo ex rotulo (an. 1536) " ad lecturam iuris civilis de sero, quae aliis semper praecelluit, et " successive usque in praesens omnium primaria dicitur, cum titulo " et distinctione magnifici et senatoris ac cum ingenti et nulli un- "quam assignato stipendio scutorum mille." Vero e che il Parodi aggiunge che, "in subsequentibus rotuhs a dicto anno 1536 ad 38 "nominatur." Ma di questi successivi rotuH a me non venne fatto di vederne alcuno e mi par poco probabile che I'Alciato con- tinuasse qui anche nell' anno 153 7- 1538 trovandosi negU atti delF Universit^ una lettera del Senato al Vicecancelliere dello studio, cioe al vicario del vescovo, de' 2 Novembre 1537, colla quale per i rumori di guerra h sospeso lo studio " vocatis iisdem professoribus, * II Parodi fu professore di Legge nell' univ. di Pavia del 1723 al 1763. P ic carol i. I. r 1869.] Documents and Letters. 309 ^' eos monebitis nos pro hoc anno tantum eis concedere ut a solito "legendi munere liberi sint. "Iterum (continua il Parodi nel suo "Syllabus) anno 1548 adnotatur (Alciatus) ad eandem cathedram " primus cum iisdem praerogativis Magnifici et Senatoris assignato "stipendio libr. 7500, et anno 1549 accedente ad banc urbem " Philippo tum Hispaniorum principe, Alciatus brevi et erudito " eloquio eum nomine totius papiensis studii excepit, quod sere- ''nissimo principi gratum adeo fuit ut oratorem ipsum aureo tor- que propriis manibus decoraverit ; et in ipsa lectura continuavit "tam per se quam per substitutum Franciscum Alciatum eius ex "fratre nepotem usque ad annum 1550, quo temporalibus mundi " gloriis plenus ad aeternas convolavit in hac civitate Papiae pridie idus ianuarii et fuit tumulatus in Ecclesia Sancti Epiphanii cum " inscriptione, &c. Pro eius studio et lectura retinendum est, "ipsum legisse etiam postquam fuit senator et in ipso ministerio "existens, litter. Senatus 29 oct 1546 ubi etiam indicta fuit dies "aperitionis eius lecturae." Ecco il tenore di questa lettera, " Carolus V. Romanorum imperator, &c. Dilecte noster. Moniti " sunt lectores qui in hac urbe reperti ftierunt, ut ad diem condic- " tam, scilicet tertiam novembris proximi, in ista urbe in locis suis " auspicentur, in quam diem spectabilis Senator noster diris An- " dreas Alciatus profiteri incipiet. Propterca volums quod in "aliam diem principium legendi differatur. Monebitis deinde nos " de eventu auspicationis et quid sperandum sit de rebus studii. "Dat. Mediolani die 29 ociobris 1546. Signat. lac. Cattaneus, "a tergo. R. D. Vicecancellario studii nostri Papiensis nostro "dilecto. Et sigillat." Alle cose qui sopra riferlte aggiungerb, se mai fosse per lei d'al- cun momento qualche altro cenno tratto da appunti presi in parte negli Archivii di Milano da chi* al finir dell' ultimo secolo o al principio di questo raccolse de' materiali per la storia dell' university pavese. Con lettera ducale del 10 Luglio 1533, Andrea Alciato e Francesco Ripa furono richiamati a questa universita. " Revo- " camus te " (e scritto fra le altre cose in quella lettera e credo in particolare all' Alciato) "ad Ticinense gymnasium erigendum. Et "ut inteliigas te non tantum ad labores quam ad labores (honoresi) " acciri : si dicto audiens eris, praeter stipendium manis oblatum " tibi anno superiore vel ordine senatorio te decorabimus. Quam- " obrem tunc partes erunt quae a nobis tibi proponuntur diligenter "' exequi : sin aliter feceris, in te edicti nostri contemptorem ex " edicto nostro agemus." Da un annotazione che trovo tra quegli appunti sembra risul- tare che I'Alciato da' 3 Novembre 1535 fino a' 9 Agosto 1536 * Fu il prof di questa universita. FucayoU. Appendix. [Doc. I. 8« (I.) trattb in Pavia in 126 lezioni la prima parte del Digesto nuovo, " omnia haec expedivit in centum et viginti sex lectionibus." Ma da una lettera ivi citata di Alfonso (credo s'abbia a intendere del governatore di Milano Alfonso d'Avalos) del 2 Decembre 1539 consta che lo spettabile D. Andrea de Alzate allora insegnava in Bologna. Da un' altra lettera poi dello stesso Alciato del 1546 si raccoglie che trattando esso di tornare a Pavia domandava che gli fosse confermato il salario di scudi 1500 all' anno, atteso che esso Alciato molto maggior somma pub conseguire a Padua dalli Sig"' Veneti et a Pisa dal Sig. Duca di Florentia et ora a Ferrara con- seguisce maggior somma et niente di meno perdera esso Alciato gran pecunia per li consilii, qual frequentemente occorrono a Fer- rara per la opulentia delle cittate proxime et mancaranno a Pavia per la poverta et sciagure da essa e convicine cittate etc. Mi rincresce di mandar queste poche e sgranate notizie. The general narrative pursued in this excellent letter by- professor Bussedi accords so well with that of the Life of A^tdrea Alciati that it is unnecessary to make selections. Here and there a date may differ, or the order of events vary, or opinions respecting him may not agree ; but essen- tially it is the same man and the same character that are portrayed. The reader therefore may be left to search out the diversities in the two accounts. S*' Letters accompanying the foregoing documents, and relating to them and to Andrea Alciati, from SiGNOR VlTTORIO PiCCAROLI of Pavia to THE AUTHOR of tlie Bibliographical Study. I. Signer Piccaroli's account of " ANECDOTES of ANDREA Alciati," referred to in Appendix I. 50, p. 294. " II sig. J7igler nei 'Beytrage zur jurist: Biographic,' vol. 3° p. 146 seg. ha scritto una buona vita dell Alciato. Perb non trovo che si sia valso della seguente memoria : ' Oratio de vita Andrese Alciati Juris Consult. Mediolanensis clariss. scripta et recitata a loh. Boukio V. J. doctore, cum decerneretur ei licentia petendi Doc- torum insignia, in celebri Kostochiensium Academia vi. Idus Maii anno M.D.LX.-4.' Questo breve scritto e rarissimo, ed io non lo tengo che in copia manoscritta. Pure fu esso veramente stampato e se ne vede una 2' edizione nei * Hall. Beytr. zu der jurist gel I. 8° (II.) 1871.] Documents and Letters. Hist, parte I'p. 710, Francof. 1571,-4.' II dottor Bouk fu uditore a Pavia dell' Alciato poco prima che questi morisse, e conobbe personalmente quest' uomo dotato di un carattere morale sin- golare. II discorso di Bouk avrebbe dunque potuto fornire alia biografia di Jugler qualche importante notizia. — Alciato usciva da una famiglia patrizia milanese, la quale non era ricca.* Fu educate nelle humane lettere prima che si dedicasse alia jurisprudenza, della quale intraprese lo studio a 26 anni, dopo ch'egli aveva gii composto la maggior parte de' suoi Emblemi. Alio studio acade- mico del Diritto lo esorto. — ' Vir primarius e familia trivultiorum, quae in Gallia Cisalpina imprimis nobilis et honesta est,' e lo sus- sidio con denaro. II motto di Alessandro i^r^hev ' avaSaXkoiievo^^ fu pure il suo, e lo teneva scritto a grosse lettere sopra il suo ca- mino a Pavia, per averlo sempre davanti gli occhi a mantenergli viva I'operosita. In Avignone fece conoscenza con Bonifacio Am- erbach di Basilea ch'egli altamente stimava, e col quale ebbe poi continua corrispondenza. A Bourges ebbe per uditori anche moiti italiani, che la convenivano a motivo di lui. Accorrevano cola anche molti tedeschi, i quali, in quel tempo, solevano fre- quentare numerosi le Universita francesi e italiane per studiare il Diritto. A Bologna vuolsi che avesse 'duorum fere millium aureo- rum germanicorum annuum stipem.' (Jugler dice soltanto 1200 ducati italiani.) II B. (Bouk) descrive anche lo sconveniente con- tegno degli studenti italiani a Bologna {Segife la citazione delle pagiiie del Boiik.y See Appendix I. 5°, pp. 294-298. For the motto adopted from the words of Alexander the Great, see Preface and Life of Andrea Alciati, p. 3, and Preliminary Notice, p. 99. (II.) ** R. Biblioteca Universitaria di Pavia. Pavia li 23 ottobre 187 1. " Onorevole Signore, " E' vergognoso per me, massime dopo tanta sua cortesia, d'averla fatta stare finora senza risposta. Chi sa che sciagurato giudizio ella avra fatto di me, e me lo merito. Ora al segno a che mi son lasciato ridurre, non mi resta altro partito fuorche di render mele a tutta sua discrezione ; and your will be done. " Dal punto ch'ella conosce la nostra lingua, le chiedo anch' io il permesso di valermi con lei di questa, che mi viene com' b na- turale, molto piu ubbidiente alia penna. Prima di tutto io la devo • Panziulus (leggasi Panzirolus), lib, ii. c. 169, dice che il de lui padre fosse un 'pecuniosus negociator.' 312 Appendix. [Doc. I. 8° (II.) ringraziare della sua lettera gentile, e assai piu del dono che le e piaciuto di farmi del suo bel volume."^ lo non ho meritato da lei quel tratto di squisita liberalita, e me ne sento anzi confuso. Ho scorso il libro da capo a fondo con vero piacere e profitto, e se la mia voce fosse piu autorevole vorrei assicurarla che quella materia non poteva trattarsi con piu ingegno, con piu senno e miglior cor- redo di erudizione. Ora le do conto degli oggetti che accompagnano questo mio foglio. Tralasciata la trascrizione dell' Orazione di Grimaldi (Grimaud) della quale ella dice nella sua lettera d'avere avuto sufficienta notizia, ella trovera qui : " 1° L'effigie del sontuoso monumento che Francesco Alciato pose alio zio nella chiesa di S. Epifanio in Pavia, ove 1' Andrea ebbe sepoltura in una cappella intitolata a questo Santo. L'effigie e staccata da un essemplare imperfetto dell' opera : Antichita' pa- VESi, di Gins. Voghera, Pavia 1830, e segg.t II monumento e tutto in 7narmo d' Ornavasso (al Lago Maggiore) quello stesso che ha ser- vito e serve tuttora per le statue del Duomo di Milano. Non son riuscito a saperne lo scultore ; ma ne e cosi buona I'esecuzione, da farlo sembrare lavoro di piu anni addietro. II tempo in cui fu operato e le descrizioni che si hanno della persona dell' Alciato fanno credere che somigli al vero. La chiesa di S. Epifanio che sorgeva presso il muro orientale della cittk fu demolita coll' annes- so convento de' monaci Lateranesi nel 1790; pero fino dal 1773, in previsione di questo fatto, il monumento d'Alciati s'era trasferito neir edifizio dell' Universita, dove ancora adesso si trova. " 2° Orazione di Pietro Varo?idel — prima oratio — la seconda fu quella di Grimaud. See Appe7idix I. 2°, p. 286-292. " 3° Estratti dal Panziroli, dal Mantua, dal Cotta, dal Mofa e dal Gentili. See Appendix 1. 3°, p. 292, 3. " Articolo a stampa sull' Alciato del cav. Antonio Zoncada, professore di letteratura Italiana nella nostra Universita; avuto per cortesia dell' autore. See Appendix 1. 4°, p. 292. " 5° Estratto dall' Historisch-litterar.-bibliogr.-Magazine, Anek- doten von dem Rechtsgelehrten Andreas Alciat. Questo servi di fondamento al precedente articolo (No. 4°), del Prof Zoncada. Mi son permesso di voltarne in itahano la parte tedesca. See Appendix 1. 5°, p. 293-298. "6° Articolo cavato dall' Archivio giuridico, Bologna 1869, col titolo : Andrea Alciati lettore nello Studio di Bologna, anni 1537- 41, di B. Podesta. See Appendix I. 6°, p. 299-307. * Alluding to the present of a copy of the author's work, Shakespeare and the Emblem Writers. + A diminished copy of the engraving of Alciati's monument is to be found at the begiimiiig of our work . I. 8" (III.) 1871.] Documents and Letters. 313 " Se il cattivo saggio che le ho dato della ma sollecitudine, le permette di aver ancora fiducia nelle mie promesse, le dirb che ho preparata, ma non anche finita un' altra lettera per lei, in cui raccolgo quel poco che ho saputo spigolare circa i quesiti che ella mi fa nel suo pregiato foglio del quale, per pudore, non accenno la data. lo devo assentarmi parecchi giorni da Pavia, e non po- tendo compir la mia scrittura prima di partire, ne volendo piii oltre stancare la sua sofferenza, a tutto mio scapito, le faccio in- tanto il presente invio che tengo pronto da qualche tempo. Le nuova lettera non tardera molto a seguirlo, if God help me ! Li rinuovo i miei piu vivi atti di grazie pel carissimo volume da lei favorito, la prego della sua gentile indulgenza, e me le dichiaro con la piu perfetta stima. Devotissimo " All onorevole ( Signed ) Vittorio Piccaroli." " Sig. Henry Green." (III.) 'Pavia li 16 Dicembre 1871. * Onorevole e caro Signore, 'Non so come ringraziarla cosi del nuovo suo splendido dono che mi giunse in perfetto stato, come della lettera gentile che 10 ha seguito di pochi giorni.* Se per una parte cresce la mia stima per lei a vederla adoperare I'ingegno, la coltura e I'attivita in egregi lavori, e aumenta la mia gratitudine per la liberalita che usa con me, d'altra parte resto sempre piu mortificato che i miei piccoli servigi le arrivino tanto a rilento da esserle di poco o nes- sun ajuto. Intanto io rilevo che se le fossi venuto piu presto con le altre mie notizie, ella non avrebbe stampato — "and on Alciati's "monument in the cathedral church of Pavia," ma avrebbe detto che 11 monumento fu eretto nella chiesa di S. Epifanio e ora se trova neir University. Questa ed altre mie colpe non me le so in verun modo perdonare. Probabilmente le pompe funebri all' illustre defunto furono celebrate nella Cattedrale in segno di maggior onore e per esser questa chiesa piu vasta. Del resto il suo pre- gievole volume e il piu piccolo che lo accompagna eseguiti col metodo della fotolitografia sono riusciti bellissimi, e chi li vede li ammira. ' Ora, sebbene io scorga dal suo pregiato foglio che il poco che ho a dirle dell' Alciato ha perduto per lei ogni opportunita, seppur mai n'avesse avuta, pure m'arrendo al suo invito e glielo scrivo, non foss' altro perche il torto che ho della lunga tardanza non * A copy of the fac-simile of the Holbein-Society's reprint of Grimaldi's Oratio, and of the Lyons edition of the Emblems^ I55i> had been presented to Signer Piccaroli. 314 Appendix. [Doc. I. (III.) s'aggravi del sospetto in lei ch'io non mi sia dato briga de' quesiti ch'ella mi ha posti. * Puo tenersi per accertato che I'Alciato mori in Pavia la notte deir II al 12 gennaio del 1550 in seguito a breve malattia di sto- maco, forse complicata di gotta che pativa da piu tempo. Un altro lungo malore aveva sofferto nel 1548 dopo il suo ritorno da Ferrara in questa citta ; come e accennato in una lettera del Vice- cancelliere dello studio di Pavia a Carlo V., in data dell' 11 lugHo 1848 (1548) nella quale il detto Viceca'"' corrispondendo all' invito deir imperatore, propone due supplenti, pel prossimo anno sco- lastico, a due cattedre vacanti, et comperio duos. Alter est Fran- " ciscus Alciatus, isthic etiam Maestati V. fortasse notus, qui hoc " anno dum Andreae Alciati aegrotantis vice fungeretur, satis mi- "rum in modum scolasticis omnibus faciebat. Alter est" — Ho cercato invano nell' archivio della chiesa di S. Francesco, ove passo I'archivio di S. Epifanio, I'atto mortuario dell' Alciato : una parte di quell' archivio ando smarrita, e non vi si trovano ora no- tizie anteriori all 1615. ' Mi riusci meglio un' altra ricerca, ed e questa : II. Prof. Prina (?) nel suo elogio di Alciato letto nel 18 11 (ch'ella di certo conosce), dice alia nota 24 che "Alciato abitava in una casa ora "de' Vistarini." Questo palazzo costrutto circa il 1700- dista pochi passi dall' antico sito di S. Epifanio. Pensai che tra le carte di famiglia dell' attuale conte Giorgi di Vistarino potesse trovarsi qualche documento che facesse al mio caso ; e in fatti per indagine e favore del procuratore della casa ebbi in mano un istromento del 1585 di transazioni occorse tra un Claudio Pozzi e gH eredi del cardinale Francesco Alciato, nel quale si richiama un altro istro- mento anteriore dove e detto che Andrea Alciato nel 1535 com- perb in quell' area tre piccole case mezzo rovinate per fatto di guerra, e vi edificb una propria casa da essa abitata e passata poi all' erede nipote Francesco. La casa d' Alciato diede poi posto con altre vicine alia presente de' Vistarini. Questo fatto nuovo benche di poco rihevo, vale per me a salvare alquanto I'Alciato dalla taccia di leggero e instabile che gli fu apposta. Tale non pub dirsi, a mio credere, un uomo che quasi al suo primo giungere in Pavia si costruisce una casa propria per abitarvi egli stesso, e dopo essersi due volte allontanato di qui, prima per Bologna, poi per Ferrara, ritorna a finirvi i suoi giorni: ed e anche noto che quando Alciato accettb nel 1537 di leggere a Bologna, e nel 1543 a Ferrara, I'una e I'altra volta lo studio pavese era chiuso a cagione di guerra : e chi non sa che in que' tempi parecchi assai de piii illustri legisti, come il Castiglione, I'Amadeo, il Baldo, il Giason Maino e altri giravano da una ad altra university o per voglia di nuovo plauso, o di maggior lucre ? Del resto io non presume di purgare affatto I. 8° (III.) 1871.] Documents and Letters. 315 I'insigne milanese da qiiesta pecca e assai meno da altre che gli si attribuirono di avaro e ambizioso, alle quali pur troppo ei medes- simo dk appiglio anche nelle sue lettere; io so pero, ed ella meglio di me, che I'alta dottrina e il nuovo indirizzo da lui dato alio studio della giurisprudenza gli crearono, insieme a molti am- miratori anche molti nemici pronti a mordere I'uomo non potendo mordere Io scienziato. ^ Ne in questa biblioteca, ne nell' archivio universitario, ne — per quanto m'e noto — presso alcun privato in Pavia, non si pos- sedono MSS. dell' Alciato, sia d'argomento scientifico, sia delle ma- terie a cui allude il Grimaldi nella sua orazione. Esiste invece nella biblioteca un Cod. cart. MS. in fol., di carte 127 (mancano da 119 a 126) d' ignota provenienza, contenente un corso di 118 lezioni tenute qui dall' Alciato nel 1535, compendiate da un suo discepolo Pomponio Cotta in detto anno, col titolo : " In legem " primam et xv ex titulo de operis novi nunciatione. In legem "primam xii, xv, xvii, xviii, xxiii, xxviii, ex titulo de acquirenda "possessione interpretatio." In fine del volume, m.d.xxxv. Finita die ix. Augusti. Ed esiste pure una breve storia inedita di Pavia e deir Universita, che credesi di un Francisco Gemelli gesuita, prof, qui di retorica nella 2*^^ metk dello scorso secolo, nella quale, fra altre cose da tutti ripetute intorno all' Alciato, si legge : " buon "numero di lettere latine di questo grand' uomo esistono nella " libreria del Gesii in Roma tra i MSS." 'A Milano si crede generalmente che I'edizione del 1522 degli Emblemi sia un mito : a quanto ne so io, nessuno I'ha, nessuno I'ha vista. Chi sa dove n'abbia preso notizia il Brunet e il Graesse che gli va dietro. Dalle parole di Alciato a Calvi "libehum com- "posui epigrammatorum," non n'esce chiaro che il libro fosse stampato ; e lo stesso Mazzucchelli non se ne mostra sicuro : " si "pub credere (egH dice) che la i" edizione si sia fatta nel 1522, o " in quel torno, perche in quell' anno furono da lui composti e singolare, ne so scoprirne il perche, come nessuna edizione con- osciuta degli Emblemi abbia avuto le cure immediate dell' autore, e nessuna, io credo, lui vivo, se ne sia fatta in Italia tranne forse quella di Venezia del 1546, mentre egli professava a Ferrara. Ed e pure singolare che fra tante impressioni se ne contino po- chissime Italiane. Non v' ha dubbio che quest' operetta desto piu simpatia e grido fuore che in casa, e cio e tanto vero, che anche adesso chi, non badando a cure e spese, pensa a rimettere in onore quel nostro vanto letterario nazionale, b lei, inglese, alia dotta sollecitudine del quale, noi italiani siamo in debito di vera e viva riconoscenza. * Questa biblioteca non possede che 2 edizioni degli emblemi, certamente a lei note, ciob quella di Lione, Rovillio 1566, 8vo, 3i6 Appendix. [Doc. I. 8" (III.) conforme in tutto a quella del 155 1 da lei riprodotta in fotolito- grafia, eccetto i fregi intorno alle pagine die hanno diversa collo- cazione, e quella di Padova, Tozzi 1621, 4to. In Pavia, ch'io sappia, non c'e altro esemplare degli emblemi d'Alciato. Di questi giorni me ne fu mandato a vedere da un paesello poco lungi di qui un esemplare di edizione lionese che non vedo indicata nelle bibliografie che tengo ; e le ne do un cenno, pel caso quasi impossibile, ch'ella non ne abbia notizia. II titolo dice: "And. "Alciati emblemata, ad quae singula, praeter concinnnas, inscrip- "tiones, imagines, ac caetera, quae ad ornatum et correctionem "adhibita continebantur, nunc recens adjecta sunt epimythia, qui- "bus emblematum amplitudo, et quae in iis dubia sunt, aut ob- " scura illustrantur. Lvgdvni, apud haered. Gvl. Rovil. m.dc.iiii," in piccolo i6™°. La prefazione, gli emblemi, le figure sono affatto come neir ediz. di Lione del 1566, che le ho detto sopra, eppercio identiche all' ediz. del 1551 da lei riprodotta in fotolitografia ; salvoche le pagine non hanno fregio all' ingiro, e ogni emblema reca, come dice il frontispizio, una illustrazione. ' Che I'Alciato abbia eseguito egli stesso o tutti o in parte, i disegni delle figure poste ai suoi emblemi, ne egli, mi pare, ne altri Than detto. Una prova negativa indiretta se n'avrebbe in Lomazzo^ suo quasi contemporaneo. Idea del tempio della pittura, Milan 0 1590. Vi si legge a pag. 122, "atteso che nelle imprese, significati, " e simili, ia virtii delle parole che gii s'aggiunge che dimandano "motto overo anima ajuta sommamente a dimostrar palese il "concetto dell' inventore come minutamente dichiarano I'Alciato, "il Bocchio, il Costa, il Paradino, il Simeoni, Gioan. Sambuco, il " Giovio, ed ultimamente Girolamo Ruscelli, provandolo con au- " torita, tolte da Greci, da Latini, e da altri scrittori antichi."* Chi de' nostri artisti insigni di quel tempo avesse potuto fargli i disegni, non saprei trovare. Leonardo e Michelangelo, un mo- mento da lei sospettati, non penserei che fossero ; quello, fino dal 15 15 lasciava Milano per seguire Francesco I. in Francia; questo, dal 15 1 2 circa fino alia sua morte, stette pressoche di continuo a Roma. A meno che fosse il Vasari, con cui I'Alciato ebbe ami- cizia in Bologna (i 537-1 541) come accenna il Vasari stesso nella propria vita, dove, a proposito di un epitafiio dettatogli dell' Alciato, per un suo dipinto, pel quale s'era contentato di piccola moneta, aspirando piu a gloria che a guadagno, scrive : " onde " Messer Andrea Alciati, mio amicissimo, che allora leggeva in " Bologna, vi fece far sotto queste parole : Octonis mensibus opus * The alDOve passage is at p. 107 of the second edition of Limazzo's Idea del Tempio della Pittura^ 8vo, Bologna 1785. Limazzo however says nothing to contravene what has been advanced in the Life of Andrea Alciati^ pp. 71-74, respecting the sources of the designs for his emblems. 1. 8« (III. ) 1871.] Documents and Letters. 3 1 7 ab Arretino Georgio pictum, non tarn praecio {sic), quam amico- *'rum obsequio, et honoris voto, anno 1539. Philippus Serralius "pon. ciiravit." {Vasari, vite de' pittori, Firenze 1846 e segg t. 2 pag. 16.) Non aggiungo altro su questo punto gia da lei toccato con fina critica nelle pagine premesse alia Photo-lith-facsimile reprint of edition 155 1. 'Se Alciato abbia avuto moglie e chi fosse, non ho cercato di chiarire, pensando ch'ella ne riceverebbe informazione piii facile e sicura da Milano. A me non consta che ne sia fatta menzione fuor che nella lettera che Alciato scrisse da Avignone al Calvi nel 15 18 : " multis affectus airumnis patria excessisse, Uxorem vivam et sos- pitem ibi reliquisse."* A scemare il valore di questa notizia vedo in altra lettera da Milano alio stesso Calvi, nel 1522, che fra i mo- tivi per cui Alciato lascib la Francia, la moglie non e ricordata : "praesertim cum multis precibus et Mater et loannes Patruus a "me peterent ut tandem in Italiam reverterer," e vedo pure che egli pose una lapide ai suoi genitori, senza cenno della moglie, nella chiesa di S. Alessandro in Milano. In proposito di questa lapide mi permetto di narrarle un caso che insegna sempre piu a diffidare delle citazioni di Scrittori anche autorevoli. Nell' opera : Senatus Mediolanensis Horatii Landi, Mediol. 1637, a carte 174 dopo alcune parole di lode all' Alciato, si legge : " Caeterum "sepulcrale eulogium, quod tantus vir suis parentibus inscripsit, " dignum lepidissimo Alciati ingenio, ne ab ruina ruiturae aedis " D. Alexandri Med. obruatur, hie descripsimus ; Ambrosio Al- "ciato — Margaritae Landrianae — parentibus opt. Andreas luris- " cons. — Caesar. Senat. F. C. m.d.xlx. — Hie portum attigimus, — " spes et fortuna valete — Ludite nunc alio — nos habet — alta " quies." ' Non sapendo io metter d'accordo la data della morte di Alciato (11 al 12 gennaio 1550) collamedisima data d'annorecata dall' iscri- zione, dubitai d'un errore di stampa, e mi rivolsi alia cortesia del dotto Sig. Gius. Cossa gia professore di paleografia in Milano, perche accertasse la cosa, seppure nel rifacimento della chiesa di S. Alessandro avvenuto sul principio del 1600, i monumenti non s'eran dispersi. Le trascrivo qui, tale e quale, la risposta che ne ho avuta. " II Lattuada nella Descnzio?ie di Milano (T. iii. p. 99) " dice che il deposito de' genitori di Andrea Alciato era stato tras- "ferito in capo alia sea la eke conduce dalla porta del Collcgio alia '■^chiesa (di S. Alessandro,) e si legge cosl :\ Jo. Ambrosio Alciato — * Very little evidence indeed has been adduced to show that Alciati was married. See the Life, p. 5. If his wife died young it is not probable that mention of her would occur in his later correspondence. His words to Calvi are surely sufficient to establish the fact of his marriage. t Compare with Life of Andtra Alciati t p. 2. 3i8 Appendix. [Doc. I.SMIII.) " Margaritae Landrianae — parentibus optimis — Andreas luriscon- " suit us F. C. — e da wi altro lato il noto distico Greco trasportato in Latmo : Hie portam attigimus, — Spes et Fortuna valete. — " Ludite nunc alios, nos habet alta quies. lo (Gius. Cossa) sono " stato due volte sulla faccia del luogo : ho osservato attentamente " I'iscrizione e il soggiunto epigramma — derivato dal greco : ho "palpato e quasi odorato il monuraento ben conservato in un coi " caratteri. La leggenda sta come I'ha riferita il Lando, ma non C07itiene la data ne traccia alcuna che ne fosse abrasa. Come il "Lando aggiunse del proprio la sigla m.d.xlx., cosi il Lattuada "appose falsamente. Jo. ad Ainbrosio, dimenticb il qualificativo " Caesar. Senat., divise male le linee, e scambio un porto con una ''porta.'' ^Nel mio precedente fogHo io prendeva impegno di darle copia di parte d'una lettera su Alciato scritta di qui dal fii prof. Bussedi al prof. Serafini direttore dell' Archivio gmridico,^ che fu poi citata dal Sig. Podesta nell' articolo intitolato Doeiun: ined: per la storia del diritto, etc. ; del quale le ho mandato una trascrizione. Riuscito ad averla per cortesia dello stesso prof. Serafini, le ne do partecipazione nel foglietto qui unito. Le notizie di questa let- tera, cavate com' ella vedra facilmente, da MSS., Atti e Note esis- tenti in questa biblioteca e nell' archivio uuiversitario, danno un poco piu di larghezza a quel poco che io ho saputo raccogliere. Io mi terro contento abbastanza se a lei parra che qualcosa di cio che le ho scritto possa stare nell' appendice da lei preparata per la sua vita dell' Alciato. ' Non posso a meno di ringraziarla di nuovo del suo bel dono, e raccomandandomi alia sua indulgenza, me le professo con la piu distinta stima, e oso anche dire amicizia n. The Mottoes and Titles in the whole of Alciati's Emblems, as announced in note 42 p. 22 of The Life. Note. No copy of the Milan collection, 1522, having been found, it is only by probable conjecture (see Life, pp. lo, 12, 13) that the emblems which were contained in it can be named ; an asterisk (*) will denote these. In Steyner's Augsburg edition, 1531, the leaves are vmnumbered, and it is only by the signatures A, A 2, &c. , that a reference can be made, — v denoting the reverse of the leaf, as A 2 z/. The roman numeral after each motto refers to the order of each emblem in the great majority of the editions printed in and after A.D. 1574; but the roman ' Devotissimo, ( Si^Jied) ' V. Piccaroli.' * See Appendix I. 7<>, pp. 307-310. Mot. II.] Mottoes and Titles. 319 numerals under the column headed 1621, refer to the order in the editions from Padua. All the emblems after 1522 are known to have devices, excepting those marked with t prefixed ; edition 1531 is Steyner's, 1534 Wechel's, 1546 Aldi-Sons', 1551 Roville's and Bonhomme's. MOTTOES AND TITLES, with the mtinber in edition a.d. 1574. WHERE FOUND, COLLBCTED. [522 I53I 1534 1546 I55I 1621 Leaf. Page. Leaf. Page. Number. — 19 Z' 216 ccij z z 3^ xxxj z 26 z/ Ixxx — — — 37 ^ 154 cxlij E -x 00 16"; cliij B5 34 — 155 clxiij TP •pv JJ 02 179 clxvi D5Z/ 74 188 clxxv A 0 16 172 clx 58 — 182 clxix C 3 48 208 cxciv — — 17 z/ 86 Ixxvij — — 24 224 ccix — — 29 z/ 41 xxxiv * E V 86 — 119 cx D 6z/ 76 120 cxi (cxv) 6 196 clxxxiij 42 107 ic (99) 36 92 Ixxxv C 2V 47 174 clxij F 2 107 39 xxxij 14 TJ 138 cxxvij 22 222 ccviij 91 102 xcv 10 z/ 84 Ixxvi B4 31 46 xxxix * A4 10 45 xxxiix II V 47 xl 28 160 cxlvj Abies, cci Abstinentia, xxxj Adversum naturam peccantes Aemulatio impar, cxli Aere quandoque salutem redimendam, clij Albutii ad D. Alciatum, suadentis, ut de tumultibus Italicis se subducat, et in Gallia profiteatur, cxlij Aliquid mali propter vicinum malum, clxv Alius peccat, alius plectitur, clxxiiij... Amicitia etiam post mortem durans, clix A minimis quoque timendum, clxviij. . Amor filiorum, cxciij Amor virtutis ; see 'ApTcpus. Amor virtutis, aliuni Cupidinem su- perans; see ' Aj/repm, Amuletum Veneris, Ixxvij Amygdalus, ccviij 'Avexov Kol anexov, Sustine et abstine, xxxiv 'Avrepws, id est, Amor virtutis, cix . . . 'Ai/repcos, id est, Amor virtutis alium Cupidinem superans, cx Antiquissima quoeque commentitia, clxxxij Ars naturam adiuuans, xcviij Auaritia, Ixxxiv Auxilium nunquam deficiens, clxi ... Bonis a diuilibus nihil timendum, xxxij Bonis auspiciis incipiendum, cxxvi ... Buxus, ccvij Captiuus ob gulam, xciiij Cauendum a meretricibus, Ixxvi Concordia, xxxix Concordise symbolum, xxxviij Concordia insuperabilis, xl Consiliarii Principum, cxlv 320 Appendix. [Mot. 11. MOTTOES AND TITLES, with the number in edition a.d. 1574. Consilio et virtute Chimgeram supe- rari, hoc est, fortiores et decep- tores, xiiij Cotonea, cciij Cuculi, Ix Cum laruis non luctandum, cliii Cupressus, cxcviij Custodiendas virgines, xxij De Morte et Amore, cliv Desidia, Ixxx Desidiam abjiciendam, Ixxxi Dicta septem sapientum, clxxxvi Diues indoctus, clxxxix Doctorum agnomina, xcvi Doctos doctis obloqui nefas esse, clxxix Dolus in suos, 1 Dulcis quandoque amari fieri, cxi ... Duodecim certamina Herculis, cxxxvij Ei qui semel sua prodegerit, aliena credi non oportere, liiij Eloquentia fortitudine prasstantior, cclxxx Etiam ferocissimos domari, xxix Ex arduis perpetuum nomen, cxxxi... Ex bello pax, clxxvij Ex damno alterius, alteiius utilitas, cxxv : Ex litterarum studiis immortalitatem acquiri, cxxxij Ex pace ubertas, clxxviij 'ExOp;ilf. T/milii. Nunquam procrastinandum, iij Nupta coniagioso, cxcvij Obdurandum adversus urgentia, xxxvi Obliuio paupeitatis parens, Ixvi Obnoxia infirmitas, clxix Ocni effigies, de lis qui meretricibus donant quod in bonos usus versi debeat, xci Omnia niea mecum porto, xxxvij . . Optimus civis, cxxxiiij Opulentia tyranni, paupertas subiecto rum, cxlvi Opulenti haereditas, clviij Parem delinquentis et suasoris cul pam esse, clxxiij Paruam culinani duobus ganeonibus non sufficere, xciij Paupcrtatem summis ingeniis obesse, ne proueliantur, cxx Pax, clxxvi Trapffirjv ; t'i S' ipe^at ; ri fxoi Seou ovK ireXeaOai ; xvii Peutinger; see Praefitio. Philautia, oj- ^lAavrla, Ixix Picea, ccij Pietas filiorum in parentes, cxciv Populus alba, ccxi Potentia Amoris, cvi Potentissimus affcctus Amor, cv (Praefatio ad Chon. Peutingerum) ... Princeps subditorum incolumitatem procurans, cxliij Principis dementia, or (maledicentia contra), cxlviij Prudens, sed infacundus ; or magis quam loquax, xix Prudentes, xviij Prudentes vino abstinent, xxiiij WHERE FOUND. COLLECTED. 1522 I53I 1534 1546 I55I 1621 Leaf. rClge, Leaf. Page. A 7 17 — 34 xxvij 28 22 xvi 43 ^ 139 cxxviij — — — 12 V 148 cxxxvij B 7 39 — 13 A 4Z' 12 18 XIJ — — — 9 27 V 212 cxcviij B 3 28 43 xxxvi — 74 Ixvi clxx A 8z' 21 99 xcij — 44 xxxvij 1 10 146 cxxxv T CO cxlvij — — — 45 171 clix C7rv 59 — 187 clxxiv B 5Z/ 35 — lOI xciv A "jv 132 E 85 — 190 clxxvij — — — 29 23 xvij — — 387/ 77 Ixix — — 20 217 cciij * D5 73 — 209 cxcv 23 226 ccxij * D 8 80 116 cvij II "5 cvi fA 2 t4 +6 t p. ii B 2 25 156 cxiiv t37 161 cxlix 41 25 xix 6 V 24 xviij C 54 30 xxiiij 324 Appendix. [Mot. II. MOTTOES AND TITLES, with the number va. edition a.d. 1574. WHERE FOUND. 1522 I53I 1534 1546 COLLECTED. Pudicitia, xlvij Qua Dii vocant, eundum, viij Quae supra nos, nihil ad nos, cij ... Quercus, cxcix Qui alta contemplantur cadere, civ (Quid excessi ! quid admisi ! quid omisi ! see W\ irap4^r]u, &c. ) Quod non capit Christus, rapit fiscus cxlvij Remedia in arduo, mala in prono esse, cxxx Respublica liberata, cl Reuerentiam in matrimonio requiri. cxci Salix, cc Salus publica, cxlix Sapientia humana stultitia est apud Deum, V Scyphus Nestoris, ci Semper prsesto esse infortunia, cxxix. Sen ex puellam amans, cxvi Signa fortium, xxxiij Silentium, or In silentium, xi Sirenes, cxv Sobrie viuendum : et non temere, ere dendum ;* see "Nrjtpe koI ix^nviqcr', &.C. Spes proxima, xliij Strenuorum immortale nomen, cxxxv Submouendam ignorantiam, clxxxvij Superbia, Ixvij Super insigni ducatus Mediolanen- sis, i Sustine et abstine; see 'Avtxov koI airexov. Tandem, tandem iustitia obtinet,xxviij Temeritas, Iv Terminus, clvij Tumulus loannis Galeacij Vicecomitis, primi ducis Mediolanensis, cxxxiij Tumulus meretricis, Ixxiv Vnum nihil duos plurimum posse, xli Leaf. E2Z/ D 27/ E5Z/ A 5^7 E2 A3 B (>v C zv A 2 B8 +F3 B3Z/ Page. 81 32 66 97 14 38 50 42 109 29 16 Leaf. 18 V 26 23 V 25 V 16 9 V 10 4z/ II 34^ 39 33 Page. 55 14 112 214 114 58 142 163 206 215 162 tl no 141 127 40 17 126 50 147 202 75 7 i 35 xxiix 63 Iv 170 clviij 145 cxxxiv 82 Ixxiv 48 xli * The motto also reads : h?ec sunt membra mentis." Sobrius esto, et memineris non temer^ credere; Add. III. i«] Addenda. — Brief Notes. 325 WHERE FOUND. COLLECTED. MOTTOES AND TITLES, with the maTzber'm edition a.d. 1574. 1546 162I 1522 I53I 1534 1551 Leaf. Page Leaf. Page. Number. VCl pUbL IHUI LClli iUi llliLlUiUblj ClAJ^ ... 184 clxxi — — 69 Ixi 70 Ixij Vigilantia et Custodia, xv 31 V 21 XV Vino prudentiam augeri, xxiij (cxiiij) 40 V 29 xxiij Virtuti fortuna comes, cxviij B 22 130 cxix Vis Naturae ; see Natura. D7 77 117 cviij Emblems of Alciati, 21 1, ed. A.D. 1574 104 "5 86 211 212 III. Addenda to The Life and Bibliographical Catalogue, including, i^, BRIEF EXPLANATORY Notes ; 20, Other Editions of the emblems, a.d. 1564, 1599 and 1866, too late for insertion in their proper places, and 3^ ENQUETES, or CIRCULARS OF INQUIRY. 10 Brief Explanatory Notes : Lifc^ p. 4, 1. 18. Of "the medal of Alciati." The inscriptions are printed in the -Preface, p. vi ; and an accurate engraving on the half-title to the Bibliographical Catalogue, p. 97. P. 7, 1. 31. "To Jortin." The reference is to the edition, 3 vols. 8vo, London 1808. P. 25, 1. 4. "Thus did the epitaph stand." The plate near the beginning of our volume represents the whole monument, with the four vignettes and Alciati's statue. P. 37, 1. 3. "John Galeacii." Strictly the fore-name and the surname should be in the same language. P. 58, 1. 19. "The Italians furnish three translations." Ca- paccio, in 1620, should have been expressly included. With his translation in "// Principf there are four. P. 66, 1. 22. "Le Petit Bernard, i.e. Solomon Bernard." This is not an unusual designation, but the correct appellation is Ber- nard Solomon, — the latter word Solomon being the surname. P. 79, 1. I. " Les Emblemes ou entregectz," &c. This is a quo- tation from Aneau's Preface in the emblem edition by Bonhomme, Lyons 1549. P. 82, I. II. •'•'The name of Jost Ammon of Zurich," Though 326 Appendix. [Add. III. 2« No. i. Jost Ammon enjoyed the patronage of Feyerabend, it really ap- l^ears doubtful whether he executed designs for Alciati's emblems. Consult the editions No. 74, p. 190; No. 77, p. 193 ; No. 96, p. 208. P. 206, 1. 31. It may be observed that the devices for emblems 154 and 155 have interchanged places; that at emblem 154 be- longs to emblem 155, and the one at 155 to 154. P. 281, 1. 44. In Mr. Green's numerals insert * at p. 330. P. 282, 1. 19. Insert in the Keir numerals, *67, ^70; and at 1. 25 *i69, and *other editions (p. 326-328), Nos. i, 2, 3. 20 Other Editions of the emblems, a.d. 1564, 1599, and 1866. No. I, A.D, 1564, Catal. p. 186. Omnia | d. and. alciati \ EMBLEMATA | ad QVAE siNGVLA, PRAETER ] coiicinnas acutafque infcriptiones, lepidas & ex- ] preffas imagines, ac csetera omnia, quae | pnoribus nofhris edi- tionibus cum ad | eorum diftinftionem, tum ad I ornatum & corre6lionem | adhibita conti- ne- I bantur. | mi | Ntmc priinum perelegantia perfiibtiliaq; adiecla fimt \ EIIIMTQIA, quibus Emblematum ampli- \ tudo, & qucscunqtie in ijs dubia funt aut ob/mra \ tanquam perfpictia illujirantur : \ (Roville's device, Eagle on globe, serpents erect with tails entwiiied ; motto, *'IN VIRTVTE I ET FORTVNA.") LvGDVNI, \ Apud Gulielmum Rouillium, | Sub scuto Veneto, | 1564. Colophon: FiNls. Collation copy : From the library at Keir, Feb. 1872. i6mo Vol., 4.68 X3.15; full pages, 4.05x2.63; devices, 1.77 to 2.36 X 2.48. Register: A-R in 8s= 136 leaves or 272 pages; numbered 1-260 ; unnumbered 9; blank 3 = 272. Co?ite?its: pp. I and 2, title and blank ; pp. 3-5, "Ad Lectorem;" p. 6, "Ad Chon. Peutingerum ;" pp. 7-238, Emblemata (1-197); pp. 239-260, Arbores (198-2 11); on 9 pages, " Index Emblematvm in locos commvnes digestorvm." Add. III. 2° No, 2.] Other Editio7is. 327 To each of the 211 emblems there is a device, and to nearly all the emblems a short explanation in Latin prose. Except for being without borders, the devices are the same and apparently from the same blocks as in editions Nos. 31, 32, 36 and 70. No. 2, A.D. 1599, Catal. pp. 230-231. [Emblems of Alciati, introduced into the fore- ground of fome Landfcapes, by John Sadeler.^ About 1599. Authority : A letter from sir W. Stirling-Maxwell, bart., Keir February 24th 1872, which mentions "some prints just found amongst some miscellaneous prints," " at the end of two sets to which they evidently do not belong." " Landscapes of this sort, half allegory, half landscape, by Sadelcr,* are very numerous and very imperfectly described. He ifiay have drawn a complete set of Alciati's emblems, but I can find no account of it or of them." The List here follows, and on comparing the subjects with those inserted from Modena in the Bib. Catalogue^ No. 125, p. 230, the two sets will be seen closely to coincide : 1. Alciati's Emb. 7. Non tibi, sal religioni. Alciat. Audor. 1. Sadeler sc. 2. Alciati's Emb. 59. Impossihilc. I. Sadeler ir. ct ex. 3. Alciati's Emb. 8r. Desidiaiii abjiciaidam. Eg. Mostard pinxit. I. Sadeler scalpsit. 4. Alciati's Emb. 104. Qui alta contemplantur\ cadere. loa Sadelcr scalpsit, Venctiis. H. Bol. 5. Alciati's Emb. 154. De Morte et Ainorc. Inv. Mathia Bril. loa Sadeler scalps. "These landscapes have no number on them, and do not seem to have belonged to a set, though in size and character they are alike. They have no letters but the verses of Alciati are en- graved on the plates. The size is about 8.5 to 8.6 x 10.5 to 10.7 ;" which, it may be observed, corresponds very closely to the Modena measurement, Bib. Catalogue, jd. 231, 21.6 to 21.9 ceniini X 26.7 to 27.2 caitim. 6. Alciati's Emb. 116. Seuex puellaui amans. Ther5 is a print on the same subject. Petrus Stephani figur. loan Sadeler sc. * It may be noted that such landscapes are very much of the same kind with those by Crispin de Passe, and which are found to the number of two hundred in NvcLEVS Emblematvm a Gabricle Rollenhagio, 161 1 and 1613. See Bib. Catalogue^ No, 137a, pp. 239-242, and No. 158a, pp. 258-261. 328 A ppendix. [Add. III. 2° No. 3. i. "Buildings and a river, beside which are seated an old man and a girl ; his left arm passes behind her back, and he seems with that hand to be offering her a flower over her left shoulder ; she is turning from him as if to look at the flower. At the side of the print (to the left of the two figures who are in the centre) Death takes aim at the pair with a bow and arrow from behind a tree. Underneath are six verses : ' ' Debuit inde senex qui nunc Acheronticus esse Ecce amat et capiti florea serta parat, Ast ego mutato quia Amor me perculit arcu, Deficio, iniiciunt & mihi fata manum. Parce puer, Mors signa tenens victricia parce : Fac ego amem; subeat fac Acheronta senex." The lines are Alciati's conclusion to the twelve which he wrote De Morte et Amore, emblem 154 : "Errabat socio Mors iuncta Cupidine," &c., but are applied by Sadeler to another subject, to which the right lines are, as given by Alciati, emblem cxvi : ' ' DvM Sophocles ( quamvis affecta estate ) piiellam A qiicestii Archippen ad sua vota trahit,^'' &c. No. 3, also A.D. 1599, Catal. p. 231, lines 7-13. [Emblems by J-'o/m and Raphael Sadeler^ fimilar to thofe engraved by John Sadeler in the fore- going Lift, 1-6, in illuftration of Alciati's em- blems.] About 1599. Authority : A letter from sir Wm. Stirling-Maxwell, bart. I. Ass with burden^ and pigs by the way -side. Device : A walled town in the middle distance and two towers ; hills beyond ; rocky foreground, with flights of stairs ; two figures ; five pigs ; two men to the right driving laden asses ; one of the latter turning his head towards the nearest pig. The Latin verses are : " Porcus amans otio vitam traducere inertem Indulgere guloe, deliciisque frui, Inde fatigato sortem exprobrabat asello, Cuique comes macies horrida semper erat. Ast ubi pinguem ilium a domino conspexit Asellus Vendier ad mortem, sic moniturus ait ; O quantum tibi sors melior si parca fuisset, Quam vitam in mediis perdere deliciis." Cu privil. sm Pontif. et Sac. C^s. M*'*. Joa Sadeler scalps. Venetiis. Petrus Stephani figuravit. N.B. These Latin verses are not from Alciati. Add. III. 2«» No. 3. 4.] Other Editions. 329 2. Alciati's emblem clx, Mutuum auxilium. Device: Blind man carrying lame man over a bridge. River, bridge and town in foreground ; in middle distance two travellers on mules ; blind man and cripple in immediate foreground. Below : "CHARITAS NVNQVAM EXCIDIT. I Cor. I3. QVI HABET DET NON HABENTI. LuC. 3. loanes Sad Arida sylva viret densis vestita corymbis eler seal 's "et '^^^^ claudum ckcus; monstrat ille viam, excudit Proebet largais opem poscenti dives egens Tu nunquam miseros deservisse velis." N.B. The subject is from Alciati but not the stanza. 3. Waggoner praying to heaven for help to pull his wagg07i out of the mud. Device: Bridge and river in middle distance, with mud, and travellers on mules ; town on hill top, hills and valley beyond ; the sun's disk in a corner ; in the foreground, waggoner on his knees ; waggon, two oxen and a horse. The Latin stanza : "Rustice vis mersum eoeno subducerc plaustm Atque id ut efficias nil nisi vota facis ? O nimium simplex ; operi aecingaris oportet, Et feret optatam tunc tibi numen ope." Lodovico Pozzo invet Trevis. Joani Sadelero f. Veneti?e 1599. N.B. Neither the subject nor the stanza is from Alciati, but the subject is treated of in Faerni's Fabvlte Centvm, 4to, Romae 1565, at p. 91, as " BvBVLVS et Hercvles," The Ox driver and Hercules. Neither Burmann's Phadrus 1728, nor Valpy's 181 2, refers to this fable, but Fabvlae Aniani, 4to, Argentorati, m.d.xvi., contains De Rustico et Hercide. 4. Alciati's emblem Ixxxv, In avaros. Device : Ass lade?i with eatables, browsijig on a thistle. Tower with stork's nest in middle distance; bridge and town beyond, backed with hills ; in foreground river and trees ; man seated by way-side with his ass browsing near. Below are the stanzas : "Septitius populos inter ditissimus omnes; Arva senex nullus quo magis ampla tenet. Defraudans geniumque suum, mensasque paratas, Nil proeter betas, duraque rapa vorat ; Cui similem dicam hunc, inopem quern copia reddit ? Anne asino? sic est; instar hie ejus liabet. Nam que asinus dorso pretiosa obsonia gestat Seque rubo, aut dura carice pauper alit." Matth. Bril. inven. Raph. Sadeler seal, cum priv. Pontif. N.B. Both subject and stanzas are Alciati's, 33^ Appendix. [Add. hi. 2" No. 4. In the plates at Modena and Keir, List i containing six plates, and List 2 only four, there is certainly opened out a new subject of inquiry — How far that celebrated engraver, J. Sadeler, carried his illustrative designs for Alciati's em- blems ? Did he execute a complete set ? No. 4, A.D. 1866, Catal. p. 275. Whitney's | ''choice of emblemes/' | a fac-fimile reprint | edited by henry green, m.a. | with | AN EXPLANATORY DISSERTATION, | ESSAYS LITE- RARY AND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL | AND EXPLANATORY NOTES. I London : Lovell Reeve & Co. | Chester : Minfhull & Hughes ; Nantwich : E. H. Griffiths. | m.dccc.lxvi. Colophon : Manchester : | Printed by Charles Simms and Co., King Street. Collation copy: From Mr. Green, Knutsford. Other copies: about 500; i.e. 50 large and 450 small paper copies. 4to Vol., large paper, 1 1.02 in. X 8.58 ; small paper, 9.84 X 7.36 ; full pages, 6.7 in. to 7.28x4.72; devices, see edition 1586, No. Ill, p. 220. Register : The signatures are mixed and irregular. Pagination: Introduction, 96 pages; reprint, 252; essays, &c., 296; total, 644 pages. Conte?its : On 4 pages, titles, &c. ; on 2 pages, " To the most noble the Marquess of Cholraondeley," &c., and Whitney's badge and autograph; pp. v-viii, "To the Reader;" pp. vii-viii con- tents; pp. ix-lxxiv, introductory dissertation; pp. Ixxv-lxxx, index to mottoes ; pp. Ixxxi-lxxxviii, postscript to the dissertation, in- cluding the Whitney genealogy. Fac-simile reprint ; see edition 15S6, No. Ill, p. 220; on pages 231-400, notes, literary and bibliographical ; pp. 401-412, addenda ; pp. 413-414, index to the plates. On 86 pages, plates, 1-63 ; pp. 415-433, general index; p. 434, embiema finale; on 6 pages, hst of subscribers and corri- genda. When our work had so nearly reached its conclusion, the mournful announcement was made that an excellent man, Add. III. 3° No. i.] Circ2ilars of Inquiry. 331 in every way an ornament to his profe.ssion of printer, whe- ther for learning or for skill, CHARLES SAMUEL SIMMS, of Manchester, had passed away, February 27th, 1872. Suffer a trifling tribute to his memory : At rest — in honour ; friendships true and strong Cherish thy wortli, — and with their throbbing Hfe Roll ever on the tide thy name along, Above the toiling city's din and strife : At rest — in hope ; while fond affections twine Their holiest vows with latest prayers of thine. March 2, 1872. H. G. 30 Enquetes, or Circulars of Inquiry, referred to in the BibliograpJdcal Catalogue, pp. no and 112. No. I. Enquete pour decouvrir la premiere Edition des Em- blemes d' Andre Alciat, illustre Jurisconstilte Italien, Milan A.D. 1522. (See ^. 110.) A Monsieur le Bibliothecaire. Londrcs, Fcvrier 1869. Monsieur, Depuis quclque temps j'ai cherchc a determiner le nombre des Editions des Emblemes d'Andre Alciat, qui out ete imprimees depuis la premiere de Milan 1522. Des autoritcs incontestables, que j'ai reunies, prouvent qu'il y en a eu plus de 140, et peut-etre plus de 150; Parmi ce nombre j'en ai examine et collationne a peu pres 80 ; neanmoins mes recherches n'ont pu decouvrir ou se trouve un exemplaire de la premiere Edition de 1522. Cette Edition est nomme'e dans le 7^'^'"«^ volume de Panzer, page 402, Annales Typograp/iici, 4to, 1 793-1803. Axx^si ddin?>\di Bibliot/ieqiie Oirieuse do, Clement, 1750, vol. i*^'', page 139. Et dans le Adparattis Lttterariiis de Ereytag, 1752, vol. 3i«me^ pages 467, 468. Brunct, Manuel du Libraire, Paris i860, vol. i^"", page 147, ne fait qu'une simple allusion a I'Edition de Milan 1522, et dit; "c'est la premiere Edition qui est devenue tres rare, parce que, dit-on, I'auteur en a retire les exemplaires." Brunet n'ajoute pas ou pourroit se trouver un exemplaire de cette premiere Edition, ni s'il en a jamais vu un exemplaire. Dans I'interet de la litterature des Emblemes je m'adresse aux Bibliothdcaires des principales Bibliotheques de I'Europe, et je les 332 Appendix. [Add. III. 3" No. 2. prie respectueusement et les supplie de la maniere la plus serieuse de m'aider dans mes recherches a fin d'arriver a un heureux resultat. Comme Editeur d'une Societe de Bibliophiles (the Holbein- Society) de Manchester dont I'objet est la reproduction en Photo- lithographic des differents ouvrages anciens dans lesquels se trouvent combines I'art et la litte'rature, permettez-moi d'ajouter que nous nous sommes propose la publication d'un livre en quatre parties sous le titre de Alciaii Emblematum Fontes Qiiatuor ;* se composant de : 1° L'Edition de 1531, par Henry Steyner d'Augsbourg, qui con- tient 104 emblemes et 98 devises. 2° L'Edition de Paris de 1534, by Christien Wechel, qui con- tient 1 13 emblemes et la meme nombre de devises. 3° L'Edition de Venise de 1546, imprime'e par les Aides, con- tenant 81 emblemes avec devises, et deux sans devises. 4° L'Edition de Lyon de 1548 augmentee par celle de 1551 ; elle contient 204 emblemes et 125 devises. Toutefois, avant de continuer notre travail sur ces quatre edi- tions il est extremement a desirer d'obtenir, si c'est possible, une notion exacte de I'Edition de Milan de 1522. C'est pourquoi, Monsieur, si vous pouviez nous fournir parmi les richesses dont vous etes le conservateur, les renseignements que nous desirons obtenir, nous vous en serious excessivement obliges. Adressez, s'il vous plait, votre reponse a Messrs. Triibner & Editeurs, Paternoster Row, London. Agreez, Monsieur, I'expression de la plus haute consideration. Pour la comite, Henry Green. No. 2. Enquete pour decouvrir les editions des Emblemes d' Andre Alciat. (6' Mediolani. 1522 men. * 80 Emblematum liber. . . Steyner... Aug. Vind. Fev. 1 53 1 ex.f 8» j» >> >) 5» Avr. 1531 ex. 8« »» >> >> J> 1532 men. »> >> >> » J 1533 men. 8" >> >> >> 1534 ex. LiSTE No. 2. Reponse ct M. Henry Green. Blank page of the circular for inserting, Les autres editions des Emblemes d'Alciat qui nesont pas contenues dafts la liste precede?ite, mais qui se trouvent d la Bibliotheque de Titre. Imprimeur Ville. Date. No. de pages. Such were the Circulars of Inquiry for discovering editions of the emblem-books of Alciati. To ^^Enqucte'' 2 were appended the two lists., each containing the same 150 editions already known. * men. mentionnees. + ex. examinees et conferees. 334 Appe7idix. [Add. III. 3° No. 3. No. 3. Advertisement in the Intermediaire des chercheurs et ciirieiix, numero 126, col. 194. Paris, 10 Avril 1870. Les Emblemes d^Akiat, edition de 1522. L'editeur de la Holbein-Society de Manchester, qui est sur le point de publier une reproduction facsimile des plus anciennes editions des Emblemes d'Alciat, de'sire vivement obtenir quelques renseignements concernant I'existence de I'edition de ces Emblemes pubhee a Milan en 1522. Ses recherches a ce sujet sont restees jusqu'a present infructueuses. Meme une circulaire adressee aux plus importantes Bibliotheques de I'Europe n'a pas eu de resultat. Cependant I'edition de 1522 est citee dans le Manuel de Bninet et ailleurs. Est-elle devenue tellement rare, qu'il ne soit pas pos- sible d'obtenir trace de son existence ? Tous renseignements a cet egard seront regus avec reconnais- sance par l'editeur de la Holbein-Society. Priere de les lui adresser par I'intermediaire de " V Intei^mediaire des chercheurs et curieiix. (Londres.) T. et C." These inquiries, as stated in the Bibliographical Cata- logue, pp. 109-114, continue unsuccessful ; but the methods or forms of making them are here preserved, that, if need be, they may serve for more extended researches into em- blem-books generally. In the foregoing Addenda, especially in the notices of other editions (pp. 326-330) and of other illustrative plates in the Palatine library of Modena and at Keir, there is, we think, ample justification for placing on page 284 of the BibliograpJdcal Catalogue the device of The Crescejit and the Crown, and for intimating that through increase in the one the other would be attained. When my emblem-book inquiry first commenced, the thought gleamed around me that peradventure 50 editions of the Alciati emblems existed. It was well known towards the end of the sixteenth century that numerous editions of them had been issued from the printing presses of Augs- burg, Paris, Lyons and Antwerp ; and yet, with the seven- teenth century, the critics and biographers who enter on the subject, speak very indefinitely. The abbe le Clere says, there was a great number of editions Clement, " an Conclusion. infinity of editions ;" and Mazzuchelli, that the impression issued from Augsburg "was followed by many others." In the Censiira Literarna of 1815, and in the Retrospective Review of 1820, it does not appear that S. Egerton Brydges hazarded a conjecture ; neither did Dibdin nor Francis Douce, — all admirers of the Alciati emblems : but J. Brooks Yates, in 1849, mentioned them as having ''passed through fifty editions." Under the researches of literary amateurs that number grew, during the next fifteen years, from 50 to about 80. On verifying this number I conjectured that I had nearly reached the limit, or the summit ; — almost the entire disk had become illuminated. Judge of the deep interest, accompanied by some surprise, with which, as au- thor of Shakespeare and the Emblem Writers, 1870, I saw the crescent enlarge to include 130 editions; and very soon 150, — when, as editor of the Holbein-Society, I was able to issue in April 1870 a verified list, and by a printed ''Enquete" (p. 332), addressed to the chief librarians of Europe, earnestly desired their help to make the enterprise more complete. The aid was generously given, and information liberally sent. And, I doubt not, these would again be accorded, Avere the project more extensive and its accomplishment sought with like perseverance. Through the additional light which coadjutors so worthily supplied, the Photometer for the editions of the Alciati emblem-books marked a num- ber unexpectedly high, and its Index continues to vibrate for rising again. The search however until the whole orb shall be full will demand other men's labours. Let it for the present suffice that one hand has gathered the memo- rials of about 180 of these editions ; and that the old em- blematist of Milan can himself furnish, for the end of the present work and study, a symbol characteristic of the force of his will and the steadiness of his determination, — it is the divinity that tJiere kept his seat zvhere he had placed it. Appendix. [CORRIG. IV. IV. Corrigenda. Page 7, at top, should he ''Avignon 1518-1521." „ 8, line 35, note, insert "London 1808." 23, 4, " epigrams," ;z(?/ " epigramms. " 38, 10, " Adages," " Adiges." ,, 46, 26, " As in man's body," " 's body. " 58, 19, "four," ?Z(?/ " three translations." 58, 20, insert C. Capaccio." j> 69, 31, note, " our work," /zc"/ "the work." ,, 73, ,, II, J•/^^7;//^/<^^ "Michael Angelo Buonarotti." 19, „ 13, "179 editions," «^7^' "185." 81, 6, " folio editions," " edition." 87, II, c/;zzy " on the title-pages," 90, 25, "Ruphanus," "Ruphenus." 158, ,, \^ read muy M. y vmy „ 183, „ 8, " 1560," ;z^^" 1569." „ 183, „ 10, "col. 854," ;z^7/"354." ,, 185, 36, note, "Arran," ;zd?/ "Aran." ,, 203, 18, " Francois," Francoys." „ 206, „ 34, "year 1577," not "1557." ,, 271, 21, " las cosas, " " casas. " „ 271, ,, 21, " Adagios," ?z^?/ "Adegios." M.DCCCLXXII. INDEX. A the monogram, 83-86, 207, 211, , 226, 230, 237, 262. Academies of Italy, 4, 52, 53. Adages of Erasmus, followed, 38. Addenda; i" brief explanatory notes, 325; 2« other editions, 326-330; 3° enquetes, 331-335. Affectation, names of, 177. Albu7n amicoritm, 219. Albutius, his emblem to Alciati, 6. Alee, or elk, 3, note 4, 99. Alciati family, ancient, 2, 291, 31 1 ; Ambrogio, the father, 2, 317, 318; Andrea, nephew, 2, 24; Baptista, an heir, 24; Benedict, A.D. 1321, 2; Margharita Landriana, mother, 2, 5, 317,318; Franciscus, heir, a cardinal, 20, 24, note 47, 25, 314; acts for his uncle as lecturer, 314; John Paul, companion of Socinus, 24; Marga- rita, wife of Caspar Vicecomes, 2, 3. Alciati, Andrea, the jurisconsult, 1492-1550; his fame, I, 2, 26, 27, 29, 30, 292 ; birth, 8th May 1492, 2, 291, 300 {note); homestead, Alzate, 3, 17; his own arms and motto, the elk, plate 11. , pref. v, I, 3, ii, 99, 311 ; wand of Hermes &c. attributed to him, p7'ef.\, I, 3, 5, 1 1,214; education and preceptors, 4, 5 ; mother, devo- tion to, 2, 5, 8, 317; wife, 5, 317; no children, 5; industry, 5, 16, 18, 20; doctoriate, A.D. 15 14, 8; at Avignon in 15 18, 6; payment there inexact; returns in 1521 to Milan, 7; known and esteemed by Erasmus, — their views of the church, 8, 39; opinion of Lopez S tunica, 8; decided against celibacy, 8; condemns Fro- ben and Luther, 9; a christian ca- tholic, 9; early character and produc- tions, 10, 26; his emblems, Milan 1522, 9, 12, 103-115; residence in Milan 1 522-1 529, ii; professor at Boiirges, 1 529, — gold medal from the dauphin; Francis I. his auditor II; lines to Peutinger, 1530, 12-14, 118; acquaintance with Wechel of Paris, 1533, 4, 14, 123; summoned in 1534 to Pavia, — the stanzas on leaving Bourges, 15; in 1 535-1 536 at Pavia, 16; at Bologna 1537-1541, 16, 18; account of difficulties in ful- filling his engagement, 1537, 300- 306; familiar with P. Jovius, 17; re- called to Pavia in 1542, and tempted to Ferrara, 18; various toils and journeys, 19; again at Pavia in 1546, 19; new emblems printed at Venice, 19; between 1 548-1 550 his emblems reviewed by himself, 21, 22, 149, 153; personal appearance, 23,292; death, Jan, I2th 1550, 23,25,314; will and funeral, 24; monument, plate iv.,ii, 25, 286, 313; funeral orations, 2, — Grimaldi's, 25, 26, 167,276, — Va- rondell's, 286-292. Estimate of Al- ciati's attainments and character, 27- 30, 48; defended against greed and luxuriousness, 28, 30, 53, 306, 316, 317. His replies to detractors, 30- 34; imitates Erasmus, 38; thoughts of religion and the church, 39, 41. Ha7id-'writmg, plate, at 49. In- fluence in Europe, 49-54. Member of the C/iiave d' Ore, 52, 53. Com- mendations of, 53, 56, 291, 292. Anecdotes of, 294-299. Letters and papers respecting Alciati, 299-307. Alciati's Emblems, — rather epigrams, I, 2, 10, 177; popularity, 2, 49, 54; collection of, Milan A.D. 1522, 9, 12, 103-115, 315; nearly the same with Steyner's and Wechel's, 10, 12, 13, 319-325; Augsburg 1 53 1, 12, 116- 119; festive character, 13, 14, 139; Wechel's counsel respecting, 14, 107, 123; Spanish, French and Italian versions, 21 ; Emblems gathered to- gether, 21, 22, 148-150; Bayle's Z 338 Index. estimate, 30; Greek originals fol- lowed, 33-36; of an historical cha- racter, 41-45; editions, 130 before A.u. 1601, 51; defects in versifica- tion, 56; Fountains and full stream, 57? 275, 277; number of the em- blems, 57; translations and speci- mens, 57-63, 252, 278. Artists of the designs, /r<^ xiii, 64-71, 80-89. Merits of the emblems, 77; general view of, 79, 98; wide-spread fame, 95; copies known of, 281-283; ^^i" tions with place and printer, 283, 284; number of editions, 279, 335; progress of information respecting, 113, 334) 335; Addenda, other edi- tions, 326-330; enquetes for, pref. xiv, no, 112, 331-334. Alciati's Opera, 2; a.d. 1507 Para- doxes of the civil law, 5; in 15 18 Pretennissorum, libri ii., 6; Ora- tiones, 7; in 15 19 on Single Combat, 7; Tyrociniay Epigravimatiim, lib. V. MS., 10; in 1529 Signification of words and paradoxes, 12; revisal of emblems, 15; in i^2>^ Paj-ergcon, 16; in 1 546-1549 Opera, in 4 vols, fol., Isingrin, 19, 152; Rdiqna in 1548, and Responsa Hhns novem digesta, 20, 148; in 1546-155 1 editions of em- blems, 20-22; epigrams '\xiM.^., 23; other works in MS., 48; in 1560- 1561, (9/ 60, Froben's frontispiece, 1 5 1 9, offensive to Alciati, 9. Fuletus, poem on Alciati, 2, Funeral orations for Alciati, 2; Gri- maldi's, 25, 161; Varondell's, 286- 291; or Lodi collection of, 25. GALEACII, J., his bravery, 37, 325. Geneva editions, 283. German emblem-books, 54; transla- lations, 58; specimens, 60, 61. Giovio's Dialogo on Alciati's emblems, 4; Discorso, 50. Giunta, Jacobus, brief notice of, 144, note 46. Goujet's Bibl. Franqoise, on Alciati's life, 2; Milan emblems, 106, 107; Le Fevre, 128; Aneau, 161 ; Mig- nault, 216. Graesse's Tresor, 130; see 2?>o. Gravina's Life of Alciati, 2. Green, Henry, his edition of Whitney named, 221; collated, 330; editor of the Holbein-Society's reprint of Alciati's emblems, 275, 277; of Gri- maldi's oi'atio, 276; see 279, 281. Grimaldi, — his oratio funebris, 2, 3, 25 ; names poems by Alciati, 47, 48; collation of, 167; reprint, 276, 277. Gryphaeus, Seb., his Reliqua Alciati, 4, 20, 88, 148; notice of, 149, 283. Guefder of Paris, his editions, 87, 284. HAMILTON, James, earl of Arran, dedication to, — account of 159, 160. Hand-writing of Alciati, /arm^ 49. Held von Nordingen, translation into German, — specimen, 61; his bor- ders for artisans, 70; notice of, 196. Hermes, wand of; see Mercury. Holbein-Society's Fountaijts of Alciati and full stream, 57; reprints, 275- 279; Grimaldi's oratio^ 276. Hunger, Wolfgang, characterises the emblems, 14; translation, 58, 138; specimen, 60; notice of, 138, 139. INTERMEDIA IRE, notice, 334, Isingrinn, M., notice of, 154, 283. Italian translations, number of, 58; in 1549 Marquale, 21; in 1620 Capac- cio, in 1626 Cadamosto, in 1680 Amalteo, 58; specimens, 61, 62, 252. Italian writers of Imfrese influenced by Alciati, 49-54. Italians neglected the printing of the emblems, 315. JAMES I. of England, his taste for emblems, 160; copy of Alciati, 182. Index. 341 Jerome of Padua, emblem for, 12. Joachim the abbot, notice of, 40. Jollat, a French engraver in 1 534, 65 ; his designs followed, 79; edition Al- ciati 1562, 81, 185; mark said to be on edition 1534, 124. Jortin's Life of Erasmus, 8vo edition, 3 vols., London, 1808, 7, 8. Jovius, Paulus, on the elk, — familiar with Alciati, 17, 23. KEIR in Scotland, noble library of emblem-books, pref. viii, 26; see 279, 282, 326-329. LANDRIANA, Margharita, Alciati's mother, 2; his affection for her, 5, 7, 317- Lmidatio by Mignault, 29, 206, 286. Lectures of Alciati in Pavia, MS., 315. Leest, Antony ; see Van Leest. Letters of Alciati at Rome, MS., 305. Letters, Appendix, 299-318: And. Alciati, 29th Aug. 1537, 301. And. Alciati and Matugliano, form of agreement, Milan 29th Aug. 1537, 301, 302. Bussedi, prof. , to prof. Serafini, lOth May 1869, 307-310. Campeggio, card., to the Riforma- tori, 4th Nov. 1537, 302. Caracciolo, card., to card. Cam- peggio, 27th Oct. 1537, 303. Matugliano to the Riformatori, 31st Aug. 1537, 300. Piccaroli, sig. , from — I. extract, 310; IL 13th Oct. 1871, 311; in. i6th Dec. 1871, 313. Notices of resolutions &c., 8th Nov. 1537, 304; 25th Jan. 1538, 305; Riformatori to the rev. Rical- cati, 8th Nov, 1537, 304. Leyden, Lucas van, seven cardinal vir- tues, followed in Alciati, 74. Leyden editions, 283. Lioness, boar and vulture, symbols of the dangers of Christendom, 44. Lists of emblem-books named, pref. vii, viii, 333. Lives of Alciati named, 2. Lodi, or Italian funeral orations, 25. Londerzeel ; see Van Londerzeel. Lopez, Diego, commentator on the emblems, 89; edition 1615, 245. Loss one man^s, another''s gain, em- blem of Turk and Christian states, 44, 45- Lotteries in emblem-books, 259. Lutetia editions, 283. Luther, Erasmus, Alciati, 9; Luther's prayer, 45. Lyons editions, 283, 284. MAINE, Jason, Alciati's preceptor, 4, 300; emblem to him, pref. v. Manchester editions, 284. MSS. of emblems rare: English trans- lations, 63, 239; Italian, 266-268; by Alciati, now in Milan, 48. Mamef and Cavellat of Paris, their editions, 81, 199, 203, 214, 283, 428. Marquale, Giovanni, his Italian version 1549, 21, 47, 62; criticism on, 165. Mary of Scotland, her taste for em- blems, 160. Matriti editions, 284. Maximilian, duke of Milan, 37; em- blem sent to him, 44. Mazzuchelli's Scrittori d'' Italia, on Al- ciati's life &c., 2, 3; notice of Alci- ati's MS., 48; often referred to, 280. Medal, of gold, from the dauphin, 11. MedaUion, of Alciati, 4; see half-title, 97; of Peutinger, at 99, MtjScj' ava^aWSixevos, Never procrasti- nate, Alciati's motto, plate 11., pref. vi, 3, 311; on orn. cap., 99. Menestrier's account of emblem-books, A.D, 1695, p7-ef. vii. Mercury's wand &c., applied as Alci- ati's motto, pref. v, I, 3, 4, 214. Mettius, Bernard, Alciati's remons- trance with, against celibacy, 8. Mignault, or Minos, Claude, Life of Alciati, 2, 3; narrates visit of Fran- cis I. to the lecture-room, 11, 12; estimate in his Laiidatio^ 29, 286; translates the emblems into French I5S3> 5^) specimen, 60; commen- dations, 84, 92, 93; account of Mig- nault, 92, 93, 98, 216, 217, Milan, duchy of, — emblem, 36, 37. Milan collection of emblems 1522, 9; its contents, 12, 318-325; authority for and against, 103-108; Enqticte or inquiry respecting, 109-115, 331. Milan in 1579, — Porro's emblems, 51. Modena Palatine library, — Sadeler's plates of emblems, 87, 230, 231; compare with, 327-329. Modernus of Lyons, printer, 145, 283. Monachi editions, 284. Monograms in editions of the emblems: A, 83, 84, 85, 86, 207, 211, 236, 342 Index. 22P, 237, 262; H.B., 80, 327; H.S, 65, 120; Mark t, 81, 82; P.V., 67-71, 155, 159, 171, 172, 173. 174, 186, 187, 205; P.V.V.D. and B., 68, 81, 82, 215. Monument by Alciati to his parents, 317, 318. Monument of Alciati, plate, IV. ; ac- count of, 25, 286, 312; now in the university of Pavia, 286. Morell's Corollai^ia, 95. Mostaert, or Mostard, Gilles, of Ant- werp, 88, 230, 327. Mottoes and titles, 318-325. Musetmi Mazziichelliamim, contains a medallion of Alciati, 4; see half-title, 97; of Peutinger, see 99. Myreus, his life of Alciati, 2. NAPLES, its emblem-writers, 51. Niceron's Memoires; on Alciati's life, 2; on the Milan emblems, 1522, 109. Non tibi, sed religioni; translations of this emblem, 39, 59-63, 252, 278. Number of the Alciati emblems, 57, 105, 106; of the editions, 79, 279, 334, 335; estimated — of emblem- books and writers, pref. viii, 54. OPERA ALCIATI; seven editions named; see Alciati's works. Orations, eight, by Alciati, on civil law, 7; three of them at Bologna, 16; facsimile plate of part of Pree- lection 1540, 49; text, 48, 49. Orations on Alciati, 2, 26; Bouk's, 294-298; Grimaldi's, 167, 276; Mig- nault's, 29, 206; Varondell's, 286- 292. PADUAN editions of the emblems, 90, 94; A.D. 1618, 1621, 1626 and 1661, 249, 254, 256, 265, 284. Padua, Jerome of, emblem on, 37, 38. Pallavicinus, — oration on Alciati's death, named, 2. Pancirollus, — Life of Alciati, 2; esti- mate of Alciati, 27, 292. Paradoxes, Alciati's, A.D. 1 5 29, 12. Parergan, A.D. 1536, 16. Paris editions, 284. Parker, archbishop, — anecdote of Al- ciati and Cardan, 27. Parrhasius, Alciati's preceptor, 5. Passe, Crispin de, original drawings at Keir, 241, 327. P. V. monogram ; see Monograms. Pavia, Alciati studied at, 8 ; professor there 1534, 16; a second time 1541, soon leaving, 18, 309, 310; final return 1 546-1 550, 19, 305, 309; its emblem-writers, 51; Alciati builds a house there, 314; buried, 24, 313; monument, plate iv., 25, 286, 312. Pear's Correspondence of Sidney and Languet, 50. Persian apples, emblem of, 6, 7. Peutinger, Conrad; the emblems dedi- cated to him 12, 14, 108; the first who published them, 115; medallion of, j-iblems, not transla- tions from Alciati, 227-229. Wither's Etnblemes, said to be from Alciati — the assertion unfounded, 258, 261; instances of imitation, 260. Woodcuts, exchange of, between Paris and Antwerp, 196, 201, 236; copied, 250; imitated, 271. Woreriot, or Voeiriot, his cuts, 68, 215. XIMENES, card., and Stunica, 8. YATES, J. B.; his notice of Alciati, 13; Sketch of Emblems in 1848, — academies of Italy, 52, 53; Bernard, the artist of the Lyons editions, 70; on emblem -writers, 75, 76; his Engl. MSS. of many of the -emblems, 239. Yciar, J. de, writing book by, 69. ZISCA, the Hussite leader, 40. Zoncada's Andrea Alciati e le Univer- sita d^ Italia, 293, 294, 312. PRINTED BY CHARLES'SIMMS AND CO., MANCHESTER. GETTY CENTER LIBRARY 3 3125 00723 0523