X I ^ TtJ^J ■ STt) ^Sy^^ . Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from Research Library, The Getty Research Institute http://www.archive.org/details/architectureimprOOmorr ARCHITECTURE IMPROVED, (Oi^^ I N A C OLLE TION O F Modern, Elegant and Useful designs; FROM Slight and Graceful RecefTes, Lodges and other Decorations in Parks, Gardens, Woods or Forests, T o T H E Portico, Bath, Observatory, and interior Ornaments of Superb Buildings. with Great Variety of Rich Embellifhments for Chimneys I N T H e Ta%tboUNIGO JONES, Mr. KENT, ^c ' All curioufly Engraved On Fifty Copper-Plates, Odayo. Defigned by ROBERT MORRIS, Surveyor. Late of Hyde-P ark-Street^ Grofuenor- Square, LONDON; Sold by Robert Sayer, oppofite Fetter- Lane, Fleet-Street. MDCCLV,. (Price 7/. 6/^ PREFACE UPON a Science fo univerfally known, and treated of by fuch Variety of Au- thors as ArchiteQure has been, very httle can be faid, that will be new perhaps lefs that will be entertaining, all indeed jh^V'. hv well fary to be done, is to improve the Ideas, by vvell chofen E^amfles, formed on fuch Rules and Proportions, as have been the Pradice of pre- ceeding Ages, and on fuch only that have beer the Refult of the moft refined Judgments. The Art of Defigning well. Is the Bafis on which it is eftabliihed ; Troportton is the fir Principle, and proper Appropriation ot the farts conftitute true Symmetry and Harmony. But fuch juft Appropriation is not «fi'y =»=" quired, it muft rife from a Genius formed by Na- ture, as well as cultivated by y^rf; as in Pmnf- ,V, though the Rules and Proportions are we,. known in general, the Application of them u the Talent of onlv one Profeflbr of the Art anionj ' A 2 * iv PREFACE. a thoufand anil it is the fame in Mufic : An A-e fcarce produceth a Correlli or a Handel ; An aI,. Selo or a Raphael, a P^//^^/, or a J o n e s • And yet ,n each Science, Multitudes have had the fame general Rula and Principles taught them and perhaps equal Opportunities for Improve- ment ; but their Judgments were fixed upon an improper Bafis. ' juiteft Diftinaion. without Nature has firft nfTnft i-- °^"'"5' tJ^e moft probable Method of inftrua,ng, is by Ex-ampi.e : To fettle a cer- m V ht a"u^"> '" P™d"«i°ns of Defigning T A ^]'^^f^^' ^"d fuch Examples muft be underftood to be founded upon fome Syftem or Rules, univerfally efteemed. Upon the Propriety of this Sentiment. I pro- pofe to attempt to inculcate, or improve the Fancy inthehttleExcurfionsit makes in this Sci'^cl to be ter Geniufesjand though I may feem to have ^>me„mes deviated from tlfe Gre/i and Rc>Tn tte Ima.^'^rfr'"'''^ iV./.,/,,, J have kept .fr , f f '^Smng, in View.and endeavoured to^foatch fron. Ru:,, ,he prefent Shade of J.. r. ^ ""^7 u°"* ''■•" ''y '''««•'""? ^ome Examples fo mixed that the Beauties ofihe i?..„^„ ffi more forcibly ftrike the Mind, than where F^ncy alone PREFACE V alone prefides : But if I fliould fail of inftmain^ by this Method, or in aflifting the Ideas of an ua - informed Genius, I am confcious that I hav^ meant well j Examples I am convinced may af- fiA the Memory of the greateft Artift, they may revive fome long forgotten Images of Beauty, and even the moft fimple Defign here, may bring t) Light fome noble Produaion, which may here- after {bine as a Luftre, and become an Ornament to ArchiteBure : The Ufel firfl propofed to my- felf in feleaing them, was to help and affift my Memory ; 1 have obferved, that Gentlemen often want fomething in Building, &c, which though they cannot well defcribe, yet by feeing an Ex- ample any Way relative to their Purpofe thai may explain their Meaning;— and for Want of an Ar- chiteB's immediate Comprehenlion, he may wreck and torture Invention till he is weary, and not hit upon the Meaning of the Propofer 5 and Tcry often it happens, that if his Genius ihould at once take in all that the Propofer would explain, or intend, perhaps Fancy for Defigning may at that Time be abfentj therefore in both thele Lights, I thought this little Monitor might be ufeful i the End that I propofed, was to make them Verve as a Focket Companion or a Re- membrancer. As they are propofed for various Purpofes in the Country, and for fuch Uies chiefly as arc mentioned in the Title Page, I thought it proper to reduce the Magnitude to a portable Volume, that even in walking or Retirements, they might A3 be »M P R E P A C E be perufed without any Incumbrance to the Rea- der, and to d. fertile Genius may be an AfTiftant, in adapting any Part of them to a Variety of Pur- pofes for Ornament or Utility j obferving only to keep Proportion, Symmetry, and Regularity in View, in which the Defigner can feldom fail of Succefs either in Beauty or Propriety, From what I have obferved, I have only to add, that in the Execution of any Defign, fomc few Things will be neceflary to confider; ~ in the firft Place, the Purpofe or Ufes for which the Strudure is to be ereded, in which the Choice of Situation IS t([Qv\iia\', next Plainnefs and Sim- plicity, are in feme Cafes more neceiTary than Drefsand Decoration {in fcrvile VJes particularly^ — in others, Gaiety, and Ornament, more pre- ferable; and in each are to be adapted to the Purpofe for which the Building is to be appro- priated, and in this the fkilful Defigner, will re- quire no other Inflrudion. The next Confideration is the vicchanical or executive Branch, as it relates to the Choice of a good and folid Foundation, of well-chofen and proper Materials, of proportionate Magnitude, and of Hcilful ^r//)'?j to connedt and put them' together. A Structure raifed upon thefe Principles Aands as a lading Monument of Judgment to the Gentleman that builds, the JlrchiteSl who dcfic^ns, and the Workmen who execute ; but where it is othcrwife p R E P -^ C fi »■" otherwife it remains only a perpetual living Ri- l^Xanar to their Folly and Ignorance ; though ^ere are few Buildings tl.at are fautlefs, 1 am £y 'o 4 there are Numbers ^at have nothing io recommend them to our Notice, but theif Wretchednefs of Tafte and Execution. I HAVE now faid what I thought neceffary by Wav of Introduaion to the firft Part of tnefe Sens —the Second Part relates to another ^S'oiArchiteHur. which is dependant on Fancy ^^ c han Rules, and yet in Defigmng. no h.ng l^uires more Fertility of Invention ; Variety is the Point in View. .^„. whole Art K. this^Branch is founded^o. The chiefeft Skill required in the Defigner is Proportion and proper Bearings, that the Or- naments are not inconfiftent, too petite, or groft ? Invu^iant illy appropriated, or unneceffary , ItSaks ri^e o'r^fpring from fome proper Bearings or Supports to them without Redun^ Incv and ufeful for the End they ate mtroduc d, • ,ll^wh ch to compleat the Defign. the Judg^ •^en!:fth^c:...^inbediiylngu^edOw^^^^ chofen) and have the principal Part m the t,x "tlknow of no ftated Rules for this Branch A 4 *" ^"' PREFACE fh?.fr^7,^"\'''^T } ''^^"^ ''^f"^^ mentioned. • hoie Principles, and which may be ufeful if nnv of them ftouid have been any ihere execu ed I i,py"d "°"' '''"''' ^ ^'"' intentionally r SHALL obfervc that moft of tTie Drefs and rlTT,u'/"rr' "-^ belonging t° the lower W I r ■,""'''' f""^"' 'n^y be of Wood, lor the Enrichments of this Kind in Marble is very extraordinary, and exceed thofe in Wood • m many Things ten Times in Value. Some Errors in the Profecution of this Work may have elcaped my Attention ; perhaps man; faults my be committed, which deferve no Excufe : I wif], they were fewer in Number, or c nL Rt '^'' w,ll candidly overlook them as calual Blemifhes, incident to Works of this Na- ture,^ If they fliould be indulged with a favour- able Reception, 1 (hall have attained the End for which I publiflied them, having propofed them as an 4lWavt--Rcmcmhr(,ncer to myfelf, as well its Fatr'' '° '"'""' *"""" J"''g'»<="t. I ftbmit ROBERT MORRIS. A N AN Explanation of the DESIGNS, fef^- PLATE I. A Portico of the Doric Order, the En- trance to a Banquetting-Room, Favtlhon, tiQ. enclofed on the Sides. IL One of the Ionic Order open on the Sides. III One ditto of the Corinthian Order. Thefe three 'are intended as Introdudory Defigns of the Orders and their Proportions. IV A Summer Room, fourteen Feet Square within Side 5 the external Part refembhng the Plan of an Ionic Capital on the Abacus. V An Oaangular Summer-Room, 20 Feet Diameter within Side, with a Dome 20 Feet high from the Floor ; the Columns are placed for Or- nament only, and may be omitted. VI. Another formed on a fquare Plan, of 21 Feet, 6 Inches each Way, on the external Part, arid from thence breaking into Semicircles on each Side, of 12 Feet, 6 Inches Diameter. VII A Circular Pavilion, 15 Feet Diametei^ within Side, with two plain Arcades to it, the whole extending 48 Feet. VIII. Another J the Plan an Odagon, 30 Feet X An EXPLANATION, kc. Feet Diameter within Side, an Arcade of thg 107UC Order, extending on each Side 3 1 Feet and terminated with two Rooms, 20 Feet fquareeach the whole 142 Feet in Length. ' IX. A fmall Temple, the Plan infide, a Urcle of twelve Feet Diameter; the external l^lan in the Form of the Abacm of a Corinthian Capital, circunifcribed by 4 Porticos of the Ionic Order, Extent 27 Feet each Way. X A Plan and Profile of a fmall Seat for a Garden, to terminate a Walk, or as a Refting- Place, or for a View to fome remarkable Profpe^. XL Another for the fame Purpofe open in Front. ^ XII. Another, enclofed. XIII. A Pavilion or Banquetting-Room, -30 Feet Square within Side, and an half Odagon, 20 Feet Diameter, with two open Arcades to 'the Entrance of the lonick Order, extends 1 16 Feet. XIV. Plalf the Plan and a Profile of an Oc- tagon Room, 13 Feet Diameter on the out Side, propofed to be of Wood, the Work that enclofes the Door and Windows, or Openings, is rather in the Arabian, than in the Chiiicfe Talte. XV. Half the 'Plan and Profile of another Room, 17 Feet Diameter, propofed to be ^tucco^ Of An EXPLAIN At ION, &c. %{ or Rough-Caji on the out Side ; the Stile partly Perfian, and partly Gothic. XVI A Plan and Profile of another Oftagon Room 10 Feet Diameter out Side ; in the MuJ- f^r'Manner ; thefe three are intended for Summer- Rooms. XVII A Bridge with one Arch, 34 Feet fpan'd, on which is ereaed a Room 36 Feet ong, and 10 wide, with PiUaftres in each Front, of the Ionic Order; the Afcent by 14 Steps on each Side; a Chimney might be made if required, in the middle of the North Side, fuppofmg the Front be South Afpedt. XVIII. A Banquetting or Dining-Room, 36 Feet long, and 18 wide within Side, with a B o w or Semlbaagon; in the Front 16 Feet Di- ameter, in the Clear , it might be made as an additional Room to an old Bui ding, and to have the Communication at the Side of the Chimney, or at one End, XIX Another Bridge with three Arches, Water- Way 35 Feet, with a Building on it in the Paladian Manner, 35 Feet long and 24 Feet wide from Out to Out, with two Flights ot Steps to ditto, as Plate 17. XX The Plan and Profile of a Pavilion after the Manner of Plates 7 and 8, extending 100 Feet. XXI :in M EXPLANATION^ &c. XXI Half the Plan and Profile of an Odlagon rarKi, on an Eminence where it is fliaded and a continual Spring can fupply the internal Par^ with M.ater for the Ufe of the Houfe. and the ex- ternal Trough for i)..r, Shcep^ov Cattle to drink being 1 6 Feet Diameter,and 3 Feet 6 Inches high. V^^^\j,^ Keeper's Lodge or Entrance to a i^arfe, 56 Feet in Front, the Gate- Way 1 1 pVet wide and 15 Feet high, the Building is divided into two Apartments, for Conveniency of two Perfons or fmall Families. XXIII. A Temple after the Manner of the Kotunda, at Rome, 26 Feet Diameter within Side and 26 Feet high from the Floor to the Dome ' propofed to be fituated on fome Eminence for a view 5 or be i&tn at a Diftancc. XXIV. A large Maufoleum or Buryln<^-place the external Part as fliewn by half the Plan is an Oaagon of 49 Feet Diameter, ciccumfcribine a Circle of Columns 30 Feet Diameter, on which israifcda Dome; there is no Light but what is received at the Top of the Dome, by an Opening 5 ^eet 6 Inches Diameter i the Plainnefs and h "uf^ ^ ^^^"^"^^i-e being properly adapted to XXV. As new Whims arc every Day ftartlncr into Being, I have placed this here, not as an Ex- ample of Beauty, or for Imitation 3 it lliews only how AnEXPLANAri O^N, Sec. xiii how Order and Uniformity may be difguifed by gaudy Tinfel, introduced without Confiftency, or Rules ; its Name or Ufe may be given by the Reader. XXVI. Is another chimerical Seat, for a Garden, a Circle circumfcribed by an Oaagon Canopy ; — I have placed it here to keep in Coun- tenance all true Lovers of the Oriental Tafle, and to (hew how Trifles may be efteemed, when it is the Fafliion to be ridiculous. XXVII. Is propofed for a Temple, to {land near fome Lake of Water, at the Side of a Wood ; the Niches to contain the Statues of the Deities who prefide there; the Order is the Perfian or Ca- riatides, andftandsas a Medium between the Le- vity of the Proceeding, and the Solemnity of the Next. XXVIII. Is a Plan ; and Plate XXIX, the Profile of a Maufoleum, an Oftagon of 20 Feet Diameter on the out Side, circumfcribed by a fingle Range of Columns, of the Doric Order, 34 Feet each Way, with a Portico in Front ; this has no Light but from the Door when opened : I have made the Door of this and the other Mau- foleum, Plate 24, to diminifh according to the Vitruvian Manner. XXX. An Eye-Trap, or Wall only to repre- fent a Building, terminating a Walk ; or to hide fome difagreable Objed:, as exprefs'd by the dot- ted Line ; the Recejfes only funk in and darkened ; xiv An EXP LAN4riON,^z, an Eredion of this Kind requires a Wood behind It, and an Avenue to the Approach the bet- ter to conceal the Deception. r ^^^[*^ Rotunda, Plan and Profile, circum- V by a Circle of ,3 Feet Diameter, as re- prefented by the dotted Line in the Profile • It is propofed for a Summer-Houfe on a Hill, to be of 1 imber and boarded, or Stucco on the outfide. XXXir Another ditto, 16 Feet Diameter on the outfide circumfcribed on the Plan by an Octangular Arcade of 26 Feet Diameter, with a l^ieafure-Room above for Profpedt. • ■^^^?^* ^P^^^^^^o"' or^anquetting-Room m the Manner of Inigo Jones ; the lower Part lerving for Attendants; the Room is 30 Feet Jong, and 21 Feet wide. 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