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 THF* 
 
 WINDSOR GUIDE, 
 
 BRIEF ACCOUNT OF ETON. 
 
 m4 
 
 A NEW EDITION. 
 
 PRINTED FOR CHARLE.5 KNIGHT, 
 
 , «JHUhCH-ST4iEET, W'INDSOR, AND PAL^ -MALL EAST, LONDON^ 
 
 1825* 
 
 , Price Four Shillings. 
 
CI 
 
 0. 
 
M, B. A. 
 
THE 
 
 WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
C. Knight, Printer, Windsor. 
 
THE 
 
 WINDSOR GUIDE, 
 
 WITH A 
 
 BRIEF ACCOUNT OF ETON. 
 
 A NEW EDITION. 
 
 PRINTED FOR CHARLES KNIGHT, 
 
 CHURCH-STREET, WINDSOR, AND PALL-MALL EAST, LONDON. 
 1825. 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2015 
 
 https://archive.org/details/windsorguidewithOOunse 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Chap. I. Page 1. 
 
 Situation and antiquity of Windsor — Fortress erected by William 
 the Conqueror — A favourite residence of English Monarchs — Tourna- 
 ment in the Park in 1278— Birth-place of Edward III.— Kings of 
 France and Scotland imprisoned in the Castle — Charters of the 
 Borough — The Corporation — Representatives first sent to Parliament 
 — Notice of recent election returns — The Guildhall — Site of the Market- 
 cross— Parish Church of St. John the Baptist — Bridge — Gaol- 
 Theatre — Bachelors' Acre — Barracks — Ex tent of the Parish — Windsor 
 Charities. 
 
 Chap. II. Page 27. 
 
 Early History of the Castle — Adopted for a Royal Habitation by 
 Henry I. in 1109 — King John takes refuge in it from the Barons — 
 Edward I. — Ed ward HI. nearly rebuilt it — Arbitrary mode of procuring 
 workmen at that period — William de Wykeham, the King's architect 
 — Alterations and additions by successive Monarchs — Ireatment of 
 Charles I. whila a prisoner in the Castle — Violation of its architecture 
 by Charles II. — Improvements of George III. — Suspended by his 
 illness — Works resumed in 1823 — George IV. announces his intention 
 to reside at Windsor— Partial repairs preparatory to the King's 
 arrival — Determination of Government to put the Castle into a thorough 
 course of repair — Extract from the Chancellor of the Exchequer's 
 speech, on giving notice of his intention to apply for the requisite 
 funds — Discussions respecting the proper application of the proposed 
 grant of 300,000/.^ — Extract from the Chancellor of the Exchequer's 
 speech, on moving for the first grant of 150,000/. — Observations as to 
 the plan to be adopted in the improvements — Commissioners appointed 
 to superintend the works — Mr. Wyattville's plans approved — First 
 stone of a new Entrance Tower to the Upper Ward laid by his Majesty, 
 on August 12, 1824. 
 
 Chap. III. Page 43. 
 
 The Upper Ward— Great Quadrangle— Equestrian Statue of Charles 
 II. — State Apartments and Pictures. 
 
vi 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Chap. IV. Page 67. 
 
 The Keep, or Round Tower— Functions of the Constable of the 
 Castle — Walter Fitz Other, the Castellan or Governor appointed by 
 William the Conqueror — The Guard Chamber — State Apartments- 
 Tapestry and Pictures— Extensive prospects from the parapet. 
 
 Chap. V. Page 73. 
 
 The Lower Ward — Its various Towers and Dirisions — Houses of 
 the Poor Knights— The Gate Tower — Horse-shoe Cloisters — Deanery 
 — Inner Cloisters — Hundred Steps. 
 
 Chap. VI. Page 76. 
 
 St. George's Chapel — Its erection — Style of architecture — Repairs 
 — Decorations of the Choir — Stalls of the Knights of the Garter — Rich 
 carved work — Splendour of the High Altar previous to the Reformation 
 — Plundered during ibe Commonwealth — The present altar-piece by 
 West — Painted Windows — Monuments and Vaults of Henry VIII., 
 Edward IV., the Duke of Bedford, Dr. Wade, Theodore Randue — 
 Lincoln Chapel — ?»Ionuments of the Earl of Lincoln and Sir Henry 
 Clinton — Tomb of the Bishop of Salisbury — of Henry VI., Charles I., 
 the Duke of Suflblk — Oxenbvidge Chapel — Aldworth Chapel-^Bray 
 Chapel — Monumenis of Dr. Giles Thomson, Richard Wortley, Esq., 
 William Fitzwilliams, Dr. Brideoack, Dr Waterland — Beaufort 
 Chapel — Monuments of the Earl of Worcester and Duke of Beaufort 
 — Orswick Chapel — Monuments of Dr. Urswick and Colonel Brudenell 
 — Cenotaph of the Princess Charlotte — Rutland Chapel — Monuments 
 of Lord Roos, the Dnchess of Exeter, Dr. Honey wood, Dr. Aylward, 
 Major Packe — Hastings Chapel — Paintings^ — The Queen's Closet — 
 Chapter-house — Royal Dormitory — Wolsey's Tomb-house — Descrip- 
 tion of the Vault — Persons interred — The Great Cloister — Monuments 
 of Miss Mary Gascoine and Sir Isaac Heard. 
 
 Chap. Vn. Page 119. 
 
 Incorporation and Endowment of the Royal College of St. George 
 by Edward III. anno 1348 — Its privileges and ecclesiastical establish- 
 ment — The Poor Knights— Their original institution — The Royal 
 Foundation — Sir Peter Le Maire's Foundation — Travers's Naval 
 Knights. 
 
 Chap. VIIL Page 126. 
 
 Origin of the Institution of the Order of the Garter— The first 
 Installation, anno 1349 — List of the original Knights—Habit and 
 Insignia of the Order — Officers — Foreign Princes admitted to the 
 Companionship—Notice of the last Installation, anno 1805. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 vii 
 
 Chap. IX. Page 134. 
 
 The Little Park — The Slopes— -Frogmore Lodge — Pleasure grounds 
 and buildings— The Great Park—Royal Lodge— Sandpit Gate— The 
 Belvidere— Ascot Heath— The Royal Stand— The Forest. 
 
 Chap. X. Page 144. 
 
 Eton— The College— Great Quadrangle— Statues of Henry VI.— 
 Chapel— The Ante-Chapel— The Clock Tower— Refectory— Library- 
 Annual election to King's College — Montem — The Manor of Eton. 
 
 Appendix A. Page 153. 
 
 Abstract of the Windsor Paving Acts of 9 Geo. HI. c. 10, and 47 
 Geo. III. c. 8. 
 
 Appendix B. Page 156. 
 Table of Tolls taken at Windsor Bridge. 
 
 Appendix C. Page 157. 
 List of the Endowed Charities. 
 
 Appendix D. Page 168. 
 
 Account of the public rejoicings upon the event of the King\s 
 arrival at Windsor Castle, on the 1st October, 1823. 
 
 Appendix E. Page 173. 
 Funeral ceremonies of Kings of England entombed at Windsor. 
 
 Appendix F. Page 177. 
 
 The Funeral Obsequies of King George III. — Ceremonial of the 
 disinterment of the Princes Octavius and Alfred at Westminster, and 
 their removal to, and re-entombment at, Windsor. 
 
 Appendix G. Page 189. 
 
 The ceremonial of the Installation of Knights of the Garter, on the 
 23d April, 1805 — Observances used at the Festival of St. George, 
 11 Henry VIII., anno 1519— Form of the Degradation of a Knight 
 of the Garter. 
 
 Appendix H. Page 201. 
 
 Account of the endowment and establishment of Porny's Free- 
 school at Eton. 
 
 Appendix I, Page 203. 
 The Windsor and Eton Calendar, 
 
THE 
 
 WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 THE TOWN OF WINDSOR. 
 
 w, NDSOR is delightfully situated in the county of 
 Berks, 22 miles west of London, on the verdant 
 banks of the Thames, from the serpentine course of 
 which, at this particular part, it probably derived its 
 name of Windleshora/' (the Winding Shore). Its 
 antiquity may be traced to a period coeval with that 
 of our Saxon Kings ; by one of whom (Edward the 
 Confessor) it was granted to the Abbot and Convent 
 of St. Peter at Westminster, in whose possession it 
 remained until shortly after the Norman Conquest, 
 when William obtained it from the Abbey in ex- 
 change for some lands in Essex. He immediately 
 commenced the erection of a fortress, near the scite 
 of the present Round Tower, which, from its com- 
 manding situation, was admirably adapted for a mili- 
 tary post. 
 
 The grand and imposing situation of the Castle, 
 which had been enlarged by Henry I. in 1109, and 
 the beauty of the adjacent scenery, very soon obtained 
 
2 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 for Windsor the distinguishing notice of successive 
 sovereigns. It became the favorite residence of 
 Edward I., who, by a charter dated 1276, made it 
 a free borough, and granted the inhabitants several 
 important privileges and exemptions. Henceforward 
 Windsor became a place of considerable resort, and 
 gradually embraced within its environs the residences 
 of many of the nobility. 
 
 Edward I. and his Queen, Eleanor, appear to have 
 been extremely partial to this place, which was 
 honoured with their constant visits, and frequently 
 became the scene of the rude but magnificent amuse- 
 ments of a chivalric age. In the 6th year of the King's 
 reign, a great tournament was held in the park by 
 thirty-eight knightly competitors, among whom were 
 the Earl Warenne, the Earls of Cornwall, Lincoln, 
 and Gloucester, and Don Alphonso, son of the King 
 of Spain, with many other distinguished personages. 
 As an indication of the simplicity which characterized 
 the domestic movements of the great at that period, 
 it is recorded that the Queen usually came hither by 
 water, not being a good horsewoman^ and the roads 
 being impassable for waggons, the only vehicular 
 conveyance then in use. Indeed the roads from 
 Windsor to London, even within the last 60 or 70 
 years, were so bad, that a coach with four horses was 
 usually 10 hours in performing the journey now ac- 
 complished in less than three. 
 
 After the death of its first benefactor, Windsor 
 became the frequent residence of Edward II. and III., 
 the latter of whom was called Edward of Windsor, 
 (from this his birth-place,) and it was in the reign 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 3 
 
 of this Monarch that it was distinguished by the 
 presence of John King of France, who with his son 
 Philip were made prisoners at the battle of Poictiers 
 in 1357, and found here a companion in their mis- 
 fortunes in the person of David King of Scotland, 
 then also a prisoner of the victorious Edward. From 
 this period Windsor has been honoured as the favorite 
 residence of some of the most illustrious Sovereigns 
 who have filled the British Throne. Their successive 
 improvements of the Castle will be noticed in the 
 next chapter. 
 
 The charter of Edward I. was confirmed, and other 
 immunities successively granted, by Henry VI., Ed- 
 ward IV., Henry VII., Henry VIII., Edward VI. 
 and James I. ; but during the civil war, which devas- 
 tated the country in the reign of Charles I., Windsor, 
 in common with other places, was plundered and 
 despoiled, its charters and privileges trampled under 
 foot and disregarded, and its venerable Castle con- 
 verted into a prison for its monarch. Upon the re- 
 storation, Windsor was frequently visited by Charles 
 II., and in the 16th year of his reign he granted it a 
 new charter, whereby he confirmed and re-established 
 all the ancient rights and privileges it held under 
 the several grants of his predecessors. By these 
 charters, so confirmed, the corporation have the power 
 of holding general quarter sessions, and of trying all 
 offences which are not capital. The town is governed 
 by a mayor and 29 brethren, (10 of whom have the 
 title of aldermen, and out of these the mayor and 
 justice are annually chosen,) three benchers, and 
 sixteen burgesses ; from the latter, two bailiffs are 
 b2 
 
4 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 elected at the same time as the mayor and justice. 
 Besides these, there are a high steward, chamberlain, 
 under steward, town clerk, sergeant at mace, and the 
 usual subordinate officers. Immediately upon the 
 accession of James II., summonses were issued for 
 the several corporate bodies throughout the kingdom 
 to produce their charters, several of which, when 
 produced, were declared to be forfeited. In the more 
 favorable instances, the confirmatory grant of James 
 imposed various restrictions upon the powers ori- 
 ginally delegated to the several Guilds. Windsor 
 appears to have fallen among the latter class, as we 
 find that a new charter was granted to it which ma- 
 terially circumscribed the privileges conferred by 
 former sovereigns, besides containing a reservation 
 to the king and his privy council, of authority to re- 
 move the chief steward, mayor, or any other of the 
 bailiffs, aldermen, benchers, and younger brethren of 
 the borough, at pleasure, notwithstanding any rights 
 enjoyed under the charters of former kings. At the 
 revolution of 1688 these obnoxious restrictions of 
 James were consigned to oblivion, and the corpo- 
 ration at once reverted to the charter of Charles II. 
 
 New Windsor sent members to Parliament in the 
 30th year of Edward I., but from that time, till the 
 25th of Henry VI., there appears to have been no 
 return; an omission which, it is probable, happened 
 through the indulgence of the Crown, it being in the 
 infancy of Parliaments rather esteemed a burthen than 
 an honour and advantage to send representatives to 
 it. Since that period it has been regularly represented. 
 The right of election was originally vested in the 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 mayor, bailiffs, and burgesses, not exceeding thirty. 
 In 1640 this right of the corporation was resisted by 
 the inhabitants at large ; and, in consequence thereof, 
 from that time to the year 1737, many double returns 
 were made, and petitions accordingly presented to 
 Parliament. These were sometimes decided in favour 
 of the corporation, and sometimes on the side of the 
 inhabitants. 
 
 On the double return, March 23, 1737, of the Hon. 
 Lord Vere Beauclerk and Richard Oldfield, Esq. it 
 was resolved by the House, that the right of electing 
 members for the borough of New Windsor was in the 
 inhabitants paying scot and lot. 
 
 This last resolution is to be considered as a settled 
 rule for the right of election for the borough of New 
 Windsor, confirmed by the standing order of the 
 House of Commons, made the 16th of January, 1735, 
 for restraining counsel from offering evidence touching 
 the legality of votes, contrary to the last determi- 
 nation of the House of Commons. This standing 
 order of the House was referred to and read on the 
 trial of the petition against the last-mentioned double 
 return. 
 
 Since the time of the decision on Lord Vere Beau- 
 clerk's election, conformably to the standing order of 
 the house above recited, no further attempt has been 
 made to alter or set aside the right of voting. The 
 only alteration that has taken place is that of limi- 
 tation as to the time of residence and rating requisite 
 to give a right to vote. 
 
 At the election in 1780, some persons, not resident 
 within the borough, who were rated for coach-houses 
 
 b3 
 
6 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 and stables, and who perhaps had not slept more 
 than a night in the borough, claimed a right to vote ; 
 six months' residence and rating is by an Act of the 
 26th Geo. III. required to give that right. The num- 
 ber of voters, or names of persons assessed to the 
 poor's rate within this borough, was, at the election 
 in 1794, 320 ; in 1802, 402 ; in 1804, 404; in 1806, 
 498 ; in 1807, (the last contested election,) upwards 
 of 500. The voters now probably exceed 600. 
 
 The town of Windsor consists of six principal 
 streets, viz. Park-street, High-street^ Thames-street, 
 Peascod-street, Church-street, and Castle-street. 
 The less considerable streets are Butcher-row, lately 
 called Queen-street, St. Alban's-street, formerly 
 named Priest-street, Sheet-street, George-street, 
 Bier-lane, and Datchet-lane. The six first mentioned 
 are all of them well-disposed, paved, and lighted, by 
 virtue of an Act of Parliament passed in 1769; the 
 latter streets are partially lighted and paved. This 
 Act was amended and enlarged by an Act in 1807 ; 
 See Appendix, A. 
 
 THE GUILDHALL. 
 
 This edifice is situated in the High- street. It was 
 erected, in the year 1686, from a design of Sir Thomas 
 Fides, surveyor of the Cinque Ports, at the expense 
 of 2006Z. 14s., which was paid by the Corporation, 
 with the exception of 680/. 7s. Gd,, presented by several 
 gentlemen of the place. 
 
 This is a handsome structure, supported with co- 
 lumns and arches of Portland stone. The hall or 
 room in which the Corporation meet for the despatch 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 7 
 
 of the business of the borough is spacious, and more 
 peculiarly adapted for that purpose than for the 
 assemblies and balls, which are constantly held here 
 during the winter, and are generally well attended. 
 In 1787 it was greatly improved by altering the 
 construction of the windows, and substituting mo- 
 dern sashes in lieu of common quarries. In 1817 
 very considerable additions and improvements were 
 made to the interior of the building, which cost the 
 Corporation upwards of 840/. Immediately previous 
 to the last-mentioned improvements being made, his 
 present Majesty was graciously pleased to present 
 the Corporation with excellent whole-length portraits 
 of his Royal Parents, after those by Sir Joshua 
 Reynolds in the council-chamber at St. James's. 
 The King has also since presented the Corporation 
 with a magnificent whole-length portrait of himself, 
 by Sir Thomas Lawrence. The portraits of James I., 
 Charles I., Charles II., James II., William 111., 
 Queen Mary, Queen Anne, George Prince of Den- 
 mark, Prince Rupert, Archbishop Laud, Theodore 
 Randue, Esq., and the Earl of ^KTottingham, Go- 
 vernor of Windsor Castle, and High Steward of the 
 Borough, &c. embellish the walls of the chamber. 
 In 1707 the Corporation, from their regard to Queen 
 Anne, who constantly resided at Windsor during 
 the summer season, erected in a niche, at the north 
 end of this structure, the statue of that Princess, 
 vested in her royal robes, with the globe and sceptre 
 in her hands. The following inscription is upon 
 the frieze of the entablature, below the statue : — 
 
8 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 Anno regni sui VI. 
 Dom. 1707. 
 
 Arte tua, sculptor, non est imitabilis Anna : 
 Ann^ vis similem sculpere? Sculpe dearn. 
 Chapman, Praetore. 
 
 In a corresponding niche, on the south side of the 
 building, is a statue of her Majesty's royal consort, 
 Prince George of Denmark, in a Roman military 
 habit. Underneath is the following inscription : — 
 
 Serenissimo Principi 
 Georgio Principi Danise. 
 Heroi Omni Seculo venerando j 
 Christophus "Wren, Arm. 
 Posuit, MDCCXIII. 
 
 In the area under the hall is kept a pitched market, 
 on Saturdays, for all sorts of grain ; there is also an 
 open market on Wednesdays and Saturdays for fish, 
 poultry, meat, and vegetables ; that on Saturday is 
 well supplied from the surrounding country. There 
 are also holden three fairs: on Easter Tuesday, July 
 5, and October 24. These have lately become very 
 inconsiderable. A handsome cross, erected by 
 Richard II., in the fourth year of his reign (1380), 
 stood upon the space now formed by the junction 
 of the four principal streets, near the north end of 
 the Guildhall. This was repaired and surmounted 
 with a gilt crucifix in 1635, by Godfrey Goodman, 
 Canon of Windsor, and afterwards Bishop of Glou- 
 cester. The embellishment appears to have given 
 great offence to the puritanical feelings of the time, 
 and was in all probability the occasion of the whole 
 being demolished in 1641. Some of its inferior parts 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 0 
 
 parts however escaped the popular rage ; but these 
 were entirely removed soon after the erection of the 
 present Town-hall, in 1686, leaving no other vestige of 
 its existence than the name, which still marks the 
 spot upon which it stood. 
 
 THE PARISH CHURCH. 
 
 This handsome building is dedicated to St. John 
 the Baptist, and is situated on the east side of the 
 High-street. The living is a Vicarage, in the Deanery 
 of Reading and Diocese of Salisbury. It formerly 
 belonged to the Abbey of Bisham^ in the county of 
 Berks, and was afterwards transferred to Waltham 
 Abbey, in Essex. The parish church was origi- 
 nally a chapel to Clewer. The hand of time, through 
 a succession of ages, had so much impaired the found- 
 ation and walls of the original structure, as to 
 render the performance of divine worship within it in 
 some degree perilous ; and the inconvenience occa- 
 sioned by the irregular and injudicious disposition of 
 the pews and galleries, precluded a considerable por- 
 tion of the community from the exercise of public 
 devotion. Under these circumstances, and although 
 considerable sums had been expended in repairs since 
 1806, a committee was, in 1818, appointed by the in- 
 habitants to superintend the taking down and rebuild- 
 ing of the edifice. The necessary authorities having 
 been obtained, and the materials of the old church 
 removed, the first stone of the new building was laid 
 with great solemnity and masonic ceremonies by John 
 Ramsbottom, Esq. one of the Members for the Bo- 
 rough, as proxy for His Royal Highness the Duke 
 
10 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 of York, attended by the members of the Corporation 
 and the principal inhabitants of Windsor and its 
 vicinity, on the 8th of September, 1820, and the pre- 
 sent spacious and handsome edifice, raised upon the 
 site of the old building, was completed and opened 
 for divine service by the Lord Bishop of Salisbury, 
 on the 18th of June, 1822. 
 
 This building forms a parallelogram, having a lofty 
 square tower over the western entrance, crowned 
 with an embattlement and pinnacles at the angles. 
 Its principal exterior features are solidity and plain- 
 ness ; and although the architect (Mr. Charles Hollis) 
 was precluded, by the limited fund at his disposal, 
 from enriching his design with the abundance of 
 ornament peculiar to the style he had adopted for 
 the building, he has admirably succeeded in pre- 
 serving its Gothic outline ; and the few embellish- 
 ments he has introduced are, for the most part, in 
 good taste. 
 
 The interior is 90 feet in length by 60 feet wide, 
 and affords convenient accommodation for 1800 per- 
 sons, having 800 free seats. The body of the church 
 is divided by six lofty arches on each side, supported 
 by clusters of slender filleted columns ; the spandrils 
 of the roof are of open Gothic arch-work, and present 
 almost the only appearance of architectural decoration 
 which the interior of the building affords. 
 
 Over the altar is a large picture of the Last 
 Supper, discovered, in 1707, behind the wainscot 
 of one of the chantries in St. George's Chapel, 
 where it had probably been secreted during the 
 Rebellion. This was used as the altar-piece of St. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 11 
 
 George's Chapel until 1788, when, upon the general 
 repair of that edifice, his late Majesty presented it to 
 the parish church. The screen is of wainscot, neatly 
 carved in tracery, to correspond with the large and 
 handsome Gothic chairs placed by the altar, which, 
 upon the completion of the new church, were pre- 
 sented to the parish by her Royal Highness the 
 Princess Augusta. The rail which incloses the area 
 is of oak, elaborately carved in alternate compart- 
 ments, having, at the ends, pelicans feeding their 
 young and rising from their nests, supported by fes- 
 toons of fruit and foliage; the central division presents 
 a flattened vase, richly decorated, and crowned with 
 tracery, fruit, and other ornaments. This splendid 
 rail, supposed to be carved by Gibbons, formerly 
 decorated the altar of St. George's Chapel. 
 
 Under small Gothic arches in the wall, at the east 
 end, are the Royal Closets, fitted up in a style of 
 elegant neatness, with crimson draperies and cushions 
 en suite. The closet now used by her Royal Highness 
 the Princess Augusta contains four chairs of antique 
 form, with fald-stools or cushions of crimson cloth, 
 and a rich carpet over the floor ; private staircases 
 conduct to these seats, which are inclosed from the 
 church. 
 
 The Mayor's seat is on the north side of the centre 
 aisle, surmounted by an elegant Gothic canopy of 
 fretwork, crowned with crocketted pinnacles, in a 
 florid style of ornament. The arms of the Borough 
 are emblazoned in front of the desk, and those of the 
 King, in gold, are elevated at the back of the seat. 
 
 The centre of the gallery at the west end of the 
 
12 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 church is occupied by an organ, presented to the 
 parish by his late Majesty, which has recently been 
 repaired and ornamented. A light, but substantial 
 gallery for the children of the public schools is ele- 
 vated on each side of it. 
 
 A few mural tablets are fixed round the church, 
 but there are none of sufficient importance, either in 
 point of design or subject, to require particular notice. 
 The monument of Chief Justice Reeve, consisting of 
 a sarcophagus and pyramid of veined marble, with 
 busts of the Chief Justice and his lady, by Schemacker, 
 is erected on the right hand of the entrance to the royal 
 staircase; and two square tablets, with inscriptions, 
 probably of the time of Henry VII., but nearly ille- 
 gible, are worked into the wall opposite to it. Against 
 the north wall of the church is a small monument, with 
 an inscription, without date, to the memory of Edward 
 Jobson and Elinor, his wife ; the effigies of both, 
 with their ten children, are carved with much neatness 
 in the costume of the sixteenth century, and their arms 
 are emblazoned over the centre of the monument. 
 The whole of the above were removed with great care 
 from the old church, and have been re-erected with 
 attention both to their preservation and effect in the 
 new edifice. The tower contains a peal of eight bells, 
 four of which have been recast for the new church. 
 They had been disused for some time previous to the 
 demolition of the old church, owing to the ruinous 
 state of the tower. 
 
 The total expense incurred in the erection of this 
 commodious place of divine worship, in which the 
 convenience of the parishioners has been mainly 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 13 
 
 studied, without regard to the aid of mere ornament, 
 amounted to 14,040/. 17s. Sd. Of this sum, 1005/. 
 was subscribed by his Majesty and the Royal Family, 
 750/. was given by the Society for building Churches, 
 and 4000/. arose from individual contributions, among 
 which was a sum of 500/. given by John Hamsbottom, 
 Esq. M. P. for the Borough, 250/. by Sir Herbert 
 Taylor, 100/. by the Dean and Canons of Windsor, 
 and 100/. by the Corporation ; the remainder of the 
 necessary sum was raised by mortgages of the church 
 rate. The benefice, which is in the gift of the Lord 
 Chancellor, is in the diocese of Salisbury, and has 
 been augmented by his present Majesty. 
 
 There are but few of the inhabitants of Windsor 
 who are not of the established religion. Neither the 
 Roman Catholics, nor many of the numerous denomi- 
 nations of Protestant dissenters, are known here in 
 sufficient numbers to require notice. A building in 
 the High-street, originally erected for and used as a 
 theatre, has been converted by a very respectable 
 congregation of Independents into a meeting-house. 
 The Wesleyan Methodists have also erected a small 
 but commodious chapel in Bier-lane. 
 
 THE BRIDGE. 
 
 The new bridge, connecting Windsor and Eton, 
 erected by Mr. Charles HoUis upon the site of the 
 ancient wooden structure, which had become greatly 
 decayed, is 200 feet in length from end to end, by 
 26 feet in width, and consists of three arches of cast 
 
 c 
 
14 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 iron, the ribs of which spring from substantial piers 
 of granite ; the centre arch is 55 feet span. The two 
 inner piers are ornamented with circular tablets and 
 wreaths of foliage. A neat iron rail, with recesses 
 over the piers, having ornamental lamp-irons, and 
 receding circularly at the extremities, finishes the 
 whole, and gives it an appearance of considerable 
 lightness and elegance. A small lodge for the resi- 
 dence of the toll-keeper is erected on the Windsor 
 side. 
 
 The first stone of this handsome structure was laid 
 on the 17th of July, 1822, with great ceremony and 
 masonic splendour, by his Royal Highness the Duke 
 of York. The Corporation of Windsor, attended by 
 the officers and members of the Provincial Lodge in 
 full costume, the Didce of York, and several of the 
 nobility and military officers in his suite, the Fellows 
 of Eton College, Canons of Windsor, &c. &c. with 
 music and banners, formed in procession at the 
 Guildhall, and proceeded, under a discharge of 
 cannon, to the scite of the bridge, where, after depo- 
 siting in a glass vase the various coins of the present 
 reign, his Royal Highness placed the stone with the 
 usual ceremonies, and strewing the surface of it 
 with corn, wine, and oil, he concluded an impressive 
 and interesting ceremony with the following address : — 
 
 May the Great Architect of the Universe bless the 
 work this day commenced, and may this structure 
 conduce to the harmony of the towns of Windsor and 
 Eton.'^ 
 
 The bridge was opened to the public on the 1st of 
 June, 1B24 ; and a toll is taken upon horses and car- 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 15 
 
 riages, whether of burdeH or pleasure, without any 
 exemption in favour of the burgesses of Windsor, as 
 was the case prior to the removal of the old bridge. 
 See Appendix ^ B. 
 
 The old Gaol for the Borough was formerly 
 situated in St. Alban's-street ; but his late Majesty 
 having purchased some property adjacent to it about 
 1800, had it removed, and built, at his own expense, 
 the present gaol at the bottom of George-street, from 
 a design of Mr. James Wyatt. 
 
 THEATRE ROYAL. 
 
 In 1793, a small but elegant theatre was erected by 
 Mr. Thornton, in the High-street, which was annually 
 opened under a license from the Lord Chamberlain, 
 this being a royal residence. The time of performing 
 was during the Eton vacations, viz. from the middle 
 of December to the latter end of January, and the 
 last Monday in July to the beginning of September. 
 With the permission of the magistrates of Windsor, 
 and of the Provost and Master of Eton College, the 
 theatre was also opened for ten or twelve nights in 
 June, every year from 1793 to 1813, for the amuse- 
 ment of the company attending Ascot-Heath Races. 
 In 1814, Windsor was without a theatre ; that above 
 spoken of, having been erected on a building lease 
 for the short term of 21 years, and then falling into 
 the hands of some dissenters, who a few years pre- 
 vious had purchased the fee-simple. It is now con- 
 verted into a chapel, as mentioned in page 13. At 
 c 2 
 
16 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 length several respectable persons, who regretted that 
 Windsor should want that species of entertainment 
 which almost every place of public resort furnishes 
 at its proper season, entered into articles of agree- 
 ment to raise a fund for the purpose of building a 
 theatre, and purchased some freehold premises in 
 Thames-street, where a commodious theatre is built, 
 at an expense of about 6000/., including the purchase 
 of the freeholds. The property is divided into a 
 number of shares, which are transferable. 
 
 The new theatre was opened on the 28th of August, 
 1815, and being situated at some distance in the rear 
 of Thames-street, any necessity for embellishing the 
 edifice by exterior decoration was obviated. Con- 
 siderable judgment is displayed in the arrangement 
 of the interior ; — the plan of the auditum is semi-cir- 
 cular, and contains two tiers of boxes, a pit, and 
 gallery; by this form the spectators on the same line 
 in ail parts of the house are equally near the per- 
 formers. Slender cast-iron columns support the dif- 
 ferent tiers without impeding the view; and elegant 
 chandeliers of cut glass give a rich and sparkling 
 variation to the decorations. A spacious corridor 
 behind the boxes affords an easy communication with 
 the different sides of the house. 
 
 The proscenium is a correct architectural com- 
 position ; two doric pilasters on each side support an 
 entablature of white marble, from which a graceful 
 curve rises over the proscenium, and imperceptibly 
 unites with the horizontal part of the ceiling, a form 
 of considerable importance to the favourable con- 
 veyance of sound throughout the house. Between 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 17 
 
 the pilasters are the stage doors, over which are 
 elegant boxes for the manager. The royal arms 
 surmount the entablature, upon the frieze of which is 
 the following appropriate inscription from Horace, 
 
 Er.emplar vitae morumque. 
 
 The decorative part is light and cheerful, the fronts 
 of the boxes and gallery being ornamented in classic 
 taste with figures from the antique, in pink com- 
 partments upon a fawn ground ; the interior of the 
 boxes is coloured a warm pink, and the cushions and 
 seats, as well as those of the pit, are covered with 
 crimson cloth. 
 
 The pilasters are an excellent imitation of Sienna 
 marble, and produce an agreeable contrast with the 
 entablature, which is of a white veined marble; upon 
 the whole the appearance is lively and elegant. 
 
 The theatre is capable of holding 700 persons, 
 and the performances, generally speaking, are far 
 above mediocrity. It is now under the management 
 of Mr. S. Penley, of Drury-lane Theatre. 
 
 At a short distance from the High street, on the 
 west side, is a meadow, containing' upwards of two 
 acres, called The Bachelor's Acre, long appropriated 
 by prescriptive right, and more recently by the award 
 of the Commissioner of the Forest Inclosure, to the 
 use of the commonalty of Windsor for their amuse- 
 ments. The property of the soil is vested in the Cor- 
 poration. 
 
 The annual revel and extraordinary public mani- 
 festations of rejoicing are held upon this green, which 
 
 C 3 
 
18 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 is bounded on the east and ^outh sides by a high bank, 
 having a broad terrace walk along the top. At the 
 south east end an obelisk has been erected by the 
 Bachelors, with inscriptions upon the sides of the 
 pedestal commemorative of the completion of the 50th 
 year of his late Majesty's reign ; one of them also 
 records the condescension of her late Majesty and 
 the Princesses, in deigning, upon that occasion, to 
 visit the said Bachelors in this their Acre,'' and 
 partake of the old English fare provided for the 
 assembled populace by a subscription of the inhabi- 
 tants. 
 
 BARRACKS. 
 
 In 1795 handsome and commodious barracks were 
 erected in Sheet-street, for the accommodation of 
 750 infantry. In 1803 an additional building was 
 erected at the south end, and in a correspondent style 
 with that built in 1795. It is about a third of the 
 size of the original building, so that the whole will 
 contain 1000 men. These buildings are well con- 
 structed and have a grand appearance ; but are in a 
 situation too flat and confined. 
 
 The cavalry barracks, situated half a mile from 
 the town, on the road to Winkfield, forms a very 
 handsome building; and although, in pohit of mag- 
 nitude, it is inferior to the infantry barracks, yet, 
 from the open and judicious disposition of the whole, 
 it has a more pleasing appearance ; it will contain 
 about 300 horse, with all requisite accommodation 
 for officers and men. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 19 
 
 The parish of New Windsor, according to a late 
 survey, contains 2,618 acres ; which, exclusive of the 
 space occupied by the buildings, are principally dis- 
 posed into parks, gardens, and pleasure grounds. 
 The number of houses is about 550 ; many of these 
 being leasehold, held of the Corporation of Windsor, 
 the College of St. George, or of the College of Eton, 
 were originally mostly built, as well externally as 
 internally, of lath and plaster, tiled ; the freeholds 
 are chiefly brick ; as are also a number of the lease- 
 holds that have been re-built or new-fronted of a late 
 date. The population is computed at five thousand, 
 besides the military stationed here and the royal house- 
 hold, which may be stated at two thousand. 
 
 An Act was passed in 1813 for inclosing the waste 
 lands in the several parishes within the limits of 
 Windsor Forest; this included the parish of Windsor. 
 
 CHARITIES. 
 
 There are perhaps few towns in England, of so 
 limited size and population, in which the charitable 
 institutions, both endowed and otherwise, are so 
 numerous and beneficial. It would swell this publi- 
 cation far beyond its intended limits, were we to give 
 a minute account of the many charitable bequests 
 left to the poor of Windsor. An abstract of the 
 several endowed charities, possessing a gross annual 
 income of £742 12s. Id. will however be found in the 
 Appendix, C. The following brief account of those 
 supported by the voluntary subscriptions of the in- 
 habitants, will afford some idea of the spirit of bene- 
 volence which characterises them ; and which, in its 
 
20 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 active operation, aided and encouraged (as in most 
 cases it is) by the fostering hand of the Monarch him- 
 self, has long rendered the existence of individual 
 distress of more rare occurrence in the town and 
 neighbourhood of Windsor, than probably in any other 
 place of equal extent througliout the kingdom. 
 
 DISPENSARY. 
 
 The Royal General Dispensary for the relief of 
 the Sick Poor of Windsor, was established in 1818, 
 and is kept in Church- street. The institution is 
 governed by a President, Vice Presidents, and a 
 managing Committee of 20 Governors ; and is sup- 
 ported by the voluntary contributions of the inhabi- 
 tants. Its beneficial operations have been eminently 
 useful among the sick poor. His Majesty is Patron 
 of this Institution. 
 
 Subscriptions are received by Mr. March, of Eton, 
 Treasurer, and Mr. Sharman, of Windsor, Collector. 
 
 THE NATIONAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Several of the leading inhabitants having deter- 
 mined upon the establishment of a National School 
 at Windsor, the first stone of a commodious building 
 for the purpose was laid in a piece of ground called 
 the Maid's Acre, at the lower end of Peascod-street, 
 on the 20th of October, 1819, by Major General Sir 
 Herbert Taylor, G. C. B., and Edward Hawke 
 Locker, Esq. The Trustees of this building, which 
 cost upwards of 1200/., raised by a voluntary sub- 
 scription, are Sir Herbert Taylor Mr. C. Knight. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 21 
 
 This Institution, founded for the gratuitous instruction 
 in the principles of the Church of England, of 200 
 Girls, and 200 Boys, being poor children of Windsor 
 and the adjacent Parishes, is supported by donations 
 and annual subscriptions, and has been the medium of 
 disseminating the invaluable benefits of a religious and 
 useful education, among a great majority of the rising 
 population, inhabiting the several parishes of Windsor, 
 Clewer, Eton, Datchet, Upton, Chalvey, Slough, and 
 Dorney. In addition to the usual system of rewards 
 adopted by similar institutions, the Rev. G. Cham- 
 pagne, one of the Canons of St. George^s Chapel, 
 in the year 1822, transferred a sum of 233/. 6s. 8J., 
 Old South Sea Annuities, into the names of the Dean 
 and Canons of Windsor, upon trust to pay the interest 
 yearly to the Vicar and Curate and one resident Canon 
 of Windsor, to be by them expended in the purchase 
 of clothes or books, and distributed in equal shares 
 among such fourteen boys and girls of the National 
 School, as, upon examination, should be deemed to 
 have made the greatest progress in religious know- 
 ledge in the course of the preceding year. 
 
 Subscriptions are received for the support of this 
 important charity, by the Treasurers, Messrs. C. 
 Knight and Son. 
 
 It is worthy of remark that the town and neigh- 
 bourhood of Windsor are mainly indebted for the 
 establishment of these two admirable charities, to 
 Edward Hawke Locker, Esq., a gentleman who, in 
 1818 and 1819, resided here, and whose exertions 
 for the improvement of Windsor will long be reniem- 
 bered with respect and gratitude. 
 
22 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 THE ladies' charity SCHOOL. 
 
 This School was instituted under the patronage of 
 her late Majesty, in 1784, for ten Girls to be main- 
 tained and educated for servants, by voluntary sub- 
 scriptions. The original intention of maintenance has 
 been somewhat departed from ; but the increased 
 number of scholars does not exceed twenty. This 
 school has now a permanent endowed income of 50/. 
 per annum. See Ajypendix, C. 
 
 ladies' charity for lying-in women. 
 
 This charity was established in 1801, for the 
 benefit of necessitous Lying-in Women, resident in 
 the Borough of Windsor and the Parish of CI ewer. 
 It is supported by voluntary subscription, and an 
 annual statement of its progress is made to the sub- 
 scribers. By the last report to 31st December, 1823, 
 it appeared that since its commencement in 1801, its 
 benefits had been dispensed to 2071 women, and that 
 24 were then upon the list. The objects of the Charity 
 are supplied with necessary assistance during the 
 period of confinement, and pecuniary aid is generally 
 afforded to the more necessitous. 
 
 Subscriptions in aid of its benevolent purposes are 
 received by Messrs. Sharman and Son, and by 
 Messrs. Millns and Brown, High-street. 
 
 savings bank. 
 
 A Provident Institution or Bank for Savings was 
 established on the 29th April, 1816, under the 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 23 
 
 Patronage of her late Majesty and the Princesses, 
 for the purpose of affording the lower classes of 
 Windsor and its neighbourhood, a secure investment, 
 with interest, for such savings as they might be able 
 to accumulate from the produce of their industry. 
 The principles upon which this Institution is founded 
 and the rules for its governance, are similar to those 
 of the Edinburgh and Winchester Savings Banks, and 
 have been generally adopted in like Institutions 
 throughout the Kingdom. As a proof of the feeling 
 with which the establishment of this Bank was met 
 by the classes for whose benefit it was alone intended, 
 upwards of £60 was deposited in small sums on the 
 first day of its opening, and, in the course of eight 
 years from its formation, the aggregate deposits (in- 
 cluding interest) have amounted to the sum of 
 £32,914 3s. lid. 
 
 The office of the Provident Institution, or Bank for 
 Savings, in Church-lane, is open on Monday, from 
 12 to 2. 
 
 INSTITUTION FOR ASSISTING THE LABOURING 
 CLASSES. 
 
 The Institution for assisting the Labouring Classes 
 of Windsor and Clewer by giving the industrious 
 poor an opportunity of securing to themselves, by 
 weekly deposits in the summer, additional advan- 
 tages during that season of the year, when labour is 
 not so readily obtained, and assistance is consequently 
 more useful," was established at Windsor, in 1820, 
 upon the model of a similar one at Eton. The Mayor 
 
24 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 of Windsor for the time being is President, and a 
 managing Committee and Officers, selected from the 
 most respectable inhabitants, are annually chosen to 
 superintend the concerns of the Institution. 
 
 The principle upon which this Institution is con- 
 ducted, besides being one of mutual assistance, ap- 
 pears to be that upon which all benevolent efforts for 
 ameliorating the condition of the labouring classes in 
 time of need should be grounded, namely, by giving 
 the objects of it a continually increasing interest in 
 the successful perseverance of their individual ex- 
 ertions. The scale of weekly contribution is fixed as 
 follows : — 
 
 s. d. 
 
 Single persons to contribute 0 6 per week 
 Two in family - - - - i o 
 Three and four - - - 1 6 
 Five and upwards - - - 2 0 
 
 This arrangement appears to have met with the de- 
 cided approbation of those intended to be benefited 
 by it ; and the annual report of the managing Com- 
 mittee, on terminating the fourth season of their 
 labours, presented a gratifying prospect of the flou- 
 rishing state of the Institution, and gave the follow- 
 ing summary of its beneficial operations and the 
 number of contributors in the season then passed. 
 
 s, d, £. s, d. 
 
 Of the 1st class 65 families at 2 0 weekly 130 0 0 
 
 2nd 64 at 1 6 96 0 0 
 
 3rd 120 at 1 0 120 0 0 
 
 4th 31 single at 0 6 15 10 0 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 25 
 
 producing a total subscription of 361/. 105. collected 
 insensibly from 280 poor families, in the course of 
 20 weeks : which sum, with a proportionate addition 
 from the subscriptions, would, during the ensuing 
 winter, be distributed in weekly allowances of bread 
 and coals, thereby affording a source of real comfort, 
 unalloyed by the degradation of eleemosynary aid, 
 to nearly eleven hundred industrious and deserving 
 individuals. The distribution last year amounted 
 to 545Z. 
 
 The Committee anxious to secure the permanent 
 duration of an institution, so well calculated in its 
 effects to restore that moral feeling of independence 
 which formerly characterised the labouring classes of 
 this country, have by great exertion been enabled to 
 invest a sum of 166/. 15s., arising from a balance of 
 honorary subscriptions and donations, in the public 
 funds, in order to meet any extraordinary demand 
 that might arise in the progress of the Institution ; and 
 in stating this, they have felt it their duty to appeal to 
 the inhabitants generally, for the further assistance 
 necessary to secure a beneficial result to their disin- 
 terested labours. 
 
 Subscriptions are received by the Treasurers, 
 Messrs. Ramsbottom and Legh, bankers, by Mr. 
 R. Sharman, the Secretary, and by the Members of 
 the Committee. 
 
 SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN 
 KNOWLEDGE. 
 
 The Windsor District Society for promoting 
 D 
 
20 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 Christian Knowledge was established in 1814, for 
 the purpose of supplying the indigent classes of the 
 community with copies of the Holy Scriptures, and 
 works of a religious tendency, at reduced prices. 
 From the period of its commencement to this time 
 (1824) it has been the means of distributing upwards 
 of 3000 Bibles and Testaments, and iiearly as many 
 Prayer books, with a much larger number of Psalters, 
 and other religious publications. 
 
 Subscriptions in aid of the purposes of this Society, 
 ar^ received by the Treasurer, John Seeker, Esq., 
 Thames- street. 
 
 BIBLE SOCIETY. 
 
 The Windsor and Eton Auxiliary Bible Society 
 was established in 1817, under the patronage of several 
 of the most distinguished residents of Windsor and its 
 vicinity. It is supported by an annual subscription and 
 donations, and the funds thereby arising have enabled 
 it, since its formation, to remit to the Parent Society 
 in London the sum of 700/. 6s, 4c?., for which it has 
 received Bibles and Testaments for distribution to the 
 amount of 256/. 9s, 4c/., leaving 443/. 17s. Oc/. to be 
 appropriated to the general purposes of the Society. 
 
 Subscriptions in aid of the objects of this Society 
 are received by the Treasurer, Sir John Chapman, 
 Thames-street. 
 
i-HE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 27 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 EARLY HISTOTIY OF THE CASTLE, 
 
 AND 
 
 NOTICE OF ITS PROGRESSIVE IMPROVEMENTS. 
 
 The erection of a Castle at Windsor, appears to 
 have been commenced by the Norman Conqueror 
 within a very short period after he had obtained pos- 
 session of the throne of England, in accordance with 
 the policy adopted by him for the preservation of his 
 authority. There is little doubt that this structure, in 
 common with a number of others that rapidly sprung 
 up over the country^ was not intended as a permanent , 
 royal residence, but as a strong hold whence his op- 
 pressive ordinances might be issued with effect, to 
 the subjugated but still turbulent people ; and to 
 which his adventurous Normans might resort for 
 safety, in the event of any important reverses in their 
 hitherto successful career. It is therefore probable 
 that it did not, in its infant state, possess either the 
 conveniences or the magnificence of a building pur- 
 posely erected for a kingly habitation, though as a 
 mere fortress its dimensions were gigantic, the space 
 enclosed by the walls being described in the Domes- 
 day survey as comprising half a Hide of land, a 
 quantity equal to 50 acres. 
 
 It does not appear to have acquired the usual 
 characteristics of a royal residence until a bout 1109 
 d2 
 
28 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 when Henry I. having enlarged the Castle with 
 many fair buildings," and surrounded the whole with 
 a strong wall and moat, removed thither from the 
 Saxon Palace at Old Windsor, and, summoning 
 around him his nobility, celebrated the feast of Pente- 
 cost, A. D. 1110, with great splendour and magnifi- 
 cence ; and there also, in 1122, he solemnized his 
 nuptials with his second Queen, Adelais, or Adelicia, 
 of Loraine. 
 
 Of the form of the ancient fortress, as erected by 
 the Conqueror or improved by Henry I., we have now 
 no record ; but, from the circumstances mentioned, 
 it would probably claim to be ranked amongst the 
 most extensive and splendid of the Anglo-Norman 
 Castles. 
 
 King John kept the feast of Christmas at Windsor, 
 in 1212, and in 1215 he took refuge in the Castle 
 against the growing power of the barons ; nor did he 
 quit the protection of its walls until the compact 
 agreed to with his people, and confirmed by the sig- 
 nature of the Great Charter, at Runnemede, on the 
 15th of June, 1215, relieved him for a short time from 
 the terror of their resentment, and the consequences 
 of his own tyranny and insincerity. 
 
 Some idea of its strength, at this time, may be con- 
 ceived from the fact that when, on the renewal of the 
 war in 1216, the Castle was besieged by the barons 
 with a numerous army, it was successfully defended 
 against their repeated assaults by a garrison of only 
 sixty knights and their followers, commanded by 
 Inglehardt de Achie. Upon the accession of Henry 
 III., who seems to have had a due sense of its 
 
THE \VINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 29 
 
 importance, he immediately added to its strength by 
 erecting anew barbican or outwork on the west side ; 
 but in the troubles which followed the disputes be- 
 tween that monarch and his barons towards the close 
 of his reign, we find Windsor Castle was delivered 
 into their hands ; — it was, however, shortly afterwards 
 taken from them by surprise, by his son. Prince 
 Edward, who immediately garrisoned it with foreign 
 soldiers. By these mercenaries, the town under their 
 protection was nearly destroyed, and the adjacent 
 country greatly injured. 
 
 Edward I., with his Queen, Eleanor of Castile, 
 appear to have resided chiefly at Windsor, where 
 several of their children were born, and in the 5th 
 year of the reign of this monarch (1276), a royal 
 charter was granted to the town, by which it was 
 declared a free borough, and several valuable privi- 
 leges conferred upon its inhabitants.* 
 
 Edward III., called from his birth place Edward 
 of Windsor, manifested a particular attachment for 
 his native town and Castle ; and, with respect to the 
 latter, the improvements made by this monarch 
 extended to nearly the whole of the ancient fabric, 
 which, with the exception of the three towers at the 
 west end of the Lower Ward, was entirely taken 
 down, and the chief part of the present structure 
 erected upon its site. 
 
 Some singular particulars relating to the mode of 
 procuring workmen and carriages are detailed in 
 Ashmole's History of the Order of the Garter. We 
 are there informed, *^ that the king granted his letters 
 * See Chap. I. p, 2. 
 D 3 
 
80 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 patent to certain surveyors, empowering them to 
 impress as many hewers of stone, carpenters, and 
 other artificers, as might be necessary to the due 
 and honest performance of the great undertaking." 
 These letters are dated the 23d of his reign. Four 
 years after, two commissioners were appointed to 
 provide stone, timber, lead, iron, &c. and privileged 
 to seize carriages for the conveyance of the materials 
 to Windsor. 
 
 In the year 1357, the celebrated William de Wyke- 
 ham* was appointed to superintend the works, with 
 ^shilling per day, and three shillings per week for his 
 clerk. The conduct of the supervisor obtained the 
 approbation of the monarch, who, in 1360, gave him 
 complete authority over every thing connected with 
 the castle, as well as the unlimited jurisdiction of the 
 manors of Old and New Windsor. In the ensuing 
 year the king issued writs to the sheriffs of several 
 counties, directing them, under the penalty of lOOZ. 
 to provide a certain number of workmen, and send 
 them to Windsor within ten daysj to be employed on 
 the buildings at the Kingh wages, as long as was 
 necessary." And because divers of these workmen 
 did afterwards clandestinely leave Windsor, and were 
 entertained by other persons upon greater wages, to 
 
 * An anecdote of this distinguished architect, who was afterwards 
 Bishop of Winchester, has been often related hy historians. Having 
 nearly finished the building of the castle, he ca^used the words, " Thys 
 made Wykeham," to be inscribed on a stone in the inner wall of 
 Winchester tower. This circumstance being reported, it excited the 
 monarch's displeasure; and only the ambiguity of the sentence 
 prevented the disgrace of Wykeham, who assured the king that it 
 meant no more, than that the reputation he had acquired by erecting 
 the castle had been the making of him. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 31 
 
 the king's great damage and manifest retarding of his 
 work," the sheriffs of London were ordered to make 
 proclamation, that those persons who should presume 
 to employ any of the fugitive artificers, should be 
 dispossessed of all their property. The sheriffs were 
 also directed to arrest the runaways, and commit them 
 to Newgate. 
 
 For a year or two the raising of the building appears 
 to have been pursued with great celerity ; but a con- 
 tagious disorder having destroyed many of the work- 
 men, the king was a second time obliged to have 
 recourse to writs, dated the 30th March, 1363; and 
 his desire of completing the structure increasing with 
 the delay occasioned by the fatal malady, the sheriffs 
 were commanded, under twice the former penalty, 
 to send to Windsor a stated number of skilful masons 
 and diggers of stone by the following Easter. The 
 next year the buildings were ready for glazing, and 
 persons were appointed to purchase glass in every 
 part of the country where it could be obtained. Twelve 
 glaziers were at the same time ordered to be impressed 
 and set to work at the king's wages. This year also 
 many carriages were detained for the purpose of 
 conveying the necessary materials. 
 
 Prom 1364 to 1370, the erection of the Castle 
 seems to have proceeded with considerable rapidity, 
 
 upwards of 300 artificers being yearly impressed 
 for the king's service;" from that time till the year 
 1375 this harsh measure seems to have been aban- 
 doned; and, as the monarch died in 1377, it is 
 probable, from a view of the additions to the building 
 in the succeeding reign, that at the above period the 
 
32 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 architect had finished the king's palace, the hall of 
 St, George, the apartments of the east and south sides 
 of the Upper Ward, the Great Tower, the chapel of St. 
 George, and the whole of the walls, their gates, 
 towers, and battlements. 
 
 Many alterations and additional buildings have 
 been made by the successors of this monarch. Ed- 
 ward IV. rebuilt and enlarged the beautiful chapel of 
 St. George. Henry VII. vaulted the roof of the choir 
 of that structure, and added the stately fabric ad- 
 joining to the king's lodgings in the Upper Ward. 
 Henry VIII. rebuilt the great gate in the Lower Ward, 
 leading to the town. King Edward VI. began, and 
 Queen Mary perfected, the bringing of water from 
 Blackmoor Park, in the parish of Winkfield, into a 
 fountain of curious workmanship in the Upper Court. 
 Queen Elizabeth made a terrace-walk on the north 
 side of the Castle, from whence is a delightful pro- 
 spect of the Thames, Eton College, and a great 
 number of fine seats dispersed over the adjacent 
 country. When King Charles 1. v/as removed from 
 the Isle of Wight, whither he had made his escape 
 from Hampton Court at the end of the year 1647, he 
 was conveyed to Windsor, Hampton Palace being 
 no longer considered as a place of sufficient security. 
 On his arrival here his faithful domestics were dis- 
 missed; the regal ceremonies w^ere ordered to be 
 discontinued; and in the palace of his ancestors he 
 was insulted and treated with the indignity of a cap- 
 tive in a public gaol. Under such circumstances, 
 on January 19, 1648, he quitted Windsor Castle. 
 Upon the restoration of Charles II. the Castle, 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 33 
 
 which had felt the dilapidating effects of the national 
 convulsions under its late avaricious and lawless 
 masters, was entirely repaired ; the face of the Upper 
 Court was changed ; the windows, which were Gothic, 
 and many of them small and irregular, were enlarged 
 and made uniform; and the royal apartments com- 
 pletely furnished, and adorned with paintings. The 
 original character of the building was however grossly 
 violated by the introduction of that foreign style 
 which was adopted for these repairs and alterations. 
 One principal object of the tasteful and judicious im- 
 provements which are now executing, is to remove 
 these defects, and to restore the whole edifice to the 
 Gothic simplicity of the early architecture. Charles II. 
 not only enlarged the terrace-walk made by Queen 
 Elizabeth on the north side of the Castle, but carried 
 a like terrace round the east and part of the south of 
 it, and crowned the whole with a rampart of free-stone. 
 This terrace extends 1870 feet in length, and may with 
 justice be said to be the noblest walk in Europe. 
 
 Various alterations were made by succeeding 
 princes ; but the most considerable improvements were 
 effected by his late Majesty, whose munificent plans 
 for the embellishment of this structure far exceeded 
 the designs of his predecessors. Under his direction 
 the Chapel of St. George was completely repaired 
 and decorated ; and in the royal apartments, a variety 
 of improvements, both in the architecture of the in- 
 terior as well as the exterior, were projected. The 
 object of his Majesty was to restore the Castle 
 to an uniform Gothic appearance. In the partial 
 completion of this object, the style was not merely 
 
34 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 restored, but, as far the alterations have gone, was, in 
 many points, materially improved. The building on 
 the north side, called the Star Building, had been 
 thought, in some particulars, more incongruous with 
 the general character of the structure than any other 
 part of the edifice; to obviate this remark, octagonal 
 towers were built at the east and west angles, and an 
 entrance made in the centre of the building, having 
 a porch in a suitable style with the new windows. 
 
 The lamented illness of his late Majesty for a 
 period of eleven years, suspended the improvements 
 which had been so happily commenced under his 
 auspices. Occasional repairs were, however, made, 
 under the judicious management of the Board of 
 Works, in most cases where the edifice was injured 
 by dilapidation. At the period of the decease of 
 George III., in 1820, there was a general belief 
 amongst well-informed persons that a parliamentary 
 grant would be applied for, for the repairs of Windsor 
 Castle upon a large scale. Nothing, however, was 
 done till the spring of 1823, at which time the building 
 called Augusta Lodge was pulled down, and it be- 
 came evident that its removal formed part of a plan 
 for surrounding the Castle with pleasure grounds on 
 the southern side, on the site of the royal lodges. 
 An improvement of a much more important character 
 was effected in the autumn of the same year, by pulling 
 down the Queen's Lodge. This fabric had been erected 
 by Sir William Chambers as a residence for his late 
 Majesty; and it was for many years a matter of sur- 
 prise that the King of England should live in a Lodge 
 at the foot of his own palace. The apartments were 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 35 
 
 elegant and commodious, but the exterior reflected 
 little credit upon the architect. By the removal of 
 this edifice the fine views of the forest were thrown 
 open to the hill, and the magnificent avenue of the 
 Long Walk attained that object for which it must 
 have been planted, namely, as a road to the Castle. 
 To perfect this approach, it is still necessary that two 
 houses in Park-street should be removed ; the perti- 
 nacity of their proprietor prevents the immediate com- 
 pletion of this grand improvement. 
 
 The intention of his Majesty to make Windsor 
 Castle his permanent residence became known in the 
 summer of 1823 ; at which time a few inconsiderable 
 repairs were made in the domestic apartments. The 
 rooms on the ground floor on the eastern and southern 
 sides of the quadrangle were prepared for the various 
 officers of the establishment, and those on the first 
 floor were fitted up for the occupation of the King 
 and his visitors. His Majesty took possession of these 
 apartments on Wednesday, the 1st of October, 1823, 
 and his arrival at Windsor was hailed v/ith rejoicings 
 which indicated that the inhabitants properly felt that 
 the event would constitute an era in the prosperity of 
 Windsor.""' 
 
 His Majesty continued to reside in the Castle 
 during the winter ; and although the royal apartments 
 were felt to be in many respects incommodious, yet 
 the grandeur of the situation, and the beauty of the 
 surrounding scenery, confirmed his Majesty's choice 
 of Windsor as his principal residence. Those who 
 
 * For an account of the rejoicings which look pla?? upon this oo- 
 ©asion, see Appendix, D. 
 
36 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 felt the national importance of preserving from decay 
 this most important appendage of the British crown, 
 were at length rejoiced to learn the determination of 
 his Majesty's Government to apply a considerable 
 sum of money to its repair and improvement. On the 
 22d of February, 1824, the Chancellor of the Ex- 
 chequer, in laying before the House of Commons the 
 financial accounts of the country, made the following 
 observations on Windsor Castle : — 
 
 There is one object to which it is very desirable that some 
 portion of this money should be applied ; I allude to the 
 grandest and proudest residence of our monarchs, Windsor 
 Castle. Knowing, as I do, that the people of this country 
 are from principle attached to monarchy — I mean consti- 
 tutional monarchy — I am satisfied they will never consider it 
 inconsistent with their interests, or repulsive to their feelings, 
 to contribute to the repair and embellishment of that ancient, 
 noble, and venerable structure. That structure stands in 
 need of great repairs ; and it is intended to make some 
 addition to the demesne which encircles it. So far from 
 seeking to have the expenditure contingent even on the King 
 or on any one department, it is his Majesty's positive desire, 
 and the determination of his Government, that, if sanctioned 
 by Parliament, the whole superintendence shall be vested in 
 a commission appointed for the purpose — a commission not 
 to be selected with any supposed reference to the state of 
 parties in this House, but composed of individuals of acknow- 
 ledged honour and integrity, and whose character and qualifi- 
 cations will afford the fullest assurance of the perfect execution 
 of the purposes. For this purpose, it is proposed that the 
 sum of 150,000/. should this year be applied, and a similar 
 sum for the next two years, making a total of 300,000//' 
 
 During the period which elapsed between this 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 37 
 
 announcement and the fuller exposition of the plans 
 with regard to Windsor, a great deal of discussion 
 was excited as to the most proper mode of applying 
 the sum demanded. The opposition to the grant was 
 indeed slight ; the people felt that the preservation 
 and embellishment of this great relic of antiquity was 
 a work in which every Englishman ought to have an 
 interest. The representatives of the people knew 
 that the ancient monuments of a country are amongst 
 its best treasures, and that in upholding them they 
 uphold the sentiments which are connected with those 
 monuments. They knew besides that Windsor Castle 
 was associated with some of the best recollections of 
 England. The confidence which had been so gene- 
 rally felt in the correct taste and right feeling of his 
 Majesty and his Government, was confirmed by the 
 speech of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, on the 
 5th of April, on the occasion of moving for the grant. 
 We extract from it so much as is necessary for the 
 elucidation of the principles upon which the improve- 
 ments will be conducted : — 
 
 " He believed that every body who knew any thing of 
 Windsor Castle, and of the apartments which were reserved 
 in it for the private residence of the Sovereign, knew that 
 they were in many respects inconvenient, and particularly in 
 the want of communication which existed between them. 
 At present the communication could only be kept open by 
 cutting passages off from the different rooms, and so destroy- 
 ing the justness of their proportions. He was of opinion 
 that nobody would assert, that in a palace which the Sove 
 reign felt inclined to select for his residence, his ease and 
 comfort ought to be set at nought, by refusing to supply him 
 
 £ 
 
38 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 with the funds which were necessary to promote them. 
 Such was the first object to which this grant was to be applied. 
 The Committee would see that, in order to give it full effect, 
 it was material that a better access than now existed should 
 be made from the King's private apartments to those which 
 were called his State apartments. Honourable members 
 must be aware that there were many parts of the Castle 
 entirely reserved for purposes of state. There were apart- 
 ments which had been known for centuries by the name of 
 the King's State Rooms, and others that were equally well 
 known by the name of the Queen's State Rooms. Between 
 these rooms and those which the King usually occupied, it 
 was only fitting that there should be direct and commodious 
 communication. Now it was impossible for the King to go 
 into the state apartments from his private apartments at 
 present, without making a considerable detour, and without 
 encountering several inconveniences, to which, for various 
 reasons, he ought not to be subjected. To open a free com- 
 munication between these distinct parts of the Castle, was 
 the second object to which this sum of money would be 
 applied. The third had also reference to the state apartments. 
 Nobody would deny that they ought to be maintained with a 
 degree of splendour that was becoming the sovereign who ruled 
 over the country, and also the country over which he ruled. 
 It was therefore proposed that a certain part of the grant should 
 be applied to the embellishment and improvement of this part 
 of the Castle. It was also not impossible that it might be 
 advisable to make some alterations, though not to any great 
 extent, in the exterior of the Castle. The Committee were 
 aware that, at different periods, several alterations had been 
 made in its exterior, and those not always consistent with the 
 age and character of the pile, or conducive to the convenience 
 of those who occupied it. It might perhaps be as well, now 
 that they were occupied in repairing and beautifying this 
 venerable structure, to remove the unsightly alterations 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 39 
 
 which ignorance and bad taste had made in it. The Com- 
 mittee were aware that there had already been a removal of 
 certain buildings reserved for the residence of certain Officers 
 of State, which, though not belonging to the Castle, were 
 placed directly before it. The buildings to which he alluded 
 ran across the Long Walk, intercepted the view over it, and 
 were one of the greatest eye-sores that could be well imagined 
 to any person who was anxious to obtain a distinct view of 
 AVindsor Castle. It had therefore been thought advisable to 
 remove them altogether. Besides these buildings, there 
 were others which were objectionable as deformities in them- 
 selves, and still more objectionable as deformities growing 
 upon that otherwise beautiful structure. Now as there could 
 be no difference of opinion as to the propriety of removing 
 buildings so incongruous, he trusted there would also be no 
 difference as to the mode of effecting that removal. Some 
 of these buildings, he must inform the Committee, were the 
 property of private individuals, and must be purchased before 
 they could be removed. One of the objects of the grant 
 would therefore be the purchase of these buildings, to which 
 he thought that nobody would be averse who felt at all 
 interested in the beauty of the Castle. The same observation 
 would also apply to the purchase of certain portions of land, 
 which were necessary to the improvement of the domain of 
 Windsor Park. There were at present several detached 
 portions of ground in the hands of private individuals, which 
 were completely surrounded by the Park, and which it would 
 be a great improvement to add to it. These portions of 
 ground were adjacent to the Long Walk. Every body knew 
 that that^Valk was the most majestic avenue in the world, 
 and yet there were individuals possessed of ground on both 
 sides of it, who could, at any moment, destroy its grandeur, 
 by erecting houses, or streets of houses, upon it. Those 
 individuals he knew were willing to part with their property 
 for a suitable remuneration 5 and if the Committee should be 
 E 2 
 
40 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 of opinion that the domain of Windsor Park ought to be 
 improved, he did not know of any method by which it could 
 be better improved, than by purchasing such portions of land 
 as had just been described.'^ 
 
 The mode in which the grant should be expended 
 is self-evident to all who know any thing of the 
 localities of the place ; and the consonance, therefore, 
 of the principles of the preceding remarks, with the 
 previous conceptions which are derived from historical 
 evidence and personal observation, is an ample proof 
 that the appropriation of the grant will be at once 
 honourable to the King and the nation. The first 
 point required in the repairs of the Castle is to make 
 it a comfortable residence for the monarch of the first 
 country of the world. The domestic apartments are, 
 as in most ancient castles, small and ill-arranged, 
 adapted to no modern notions of comfort, and evi- 
 dently patched up, in many instances, for mere tem- 
 porary purposes. These must be enlarged and re- 
 modelled, and their decoration should be, what it is 
 not at present, in a style suited to the external 
 character of the edifice. Again, the state apartments 
 are connected with the domestic part of the edifice by 
 dark and inconvenient passages, and the apartments 
 themselves are finished in the wretched French taste 
 that prevailed in the time of Charles II. The ap- 
 proaches to the north side, in which these state rooms 
 are situated, should be ample and convenient, and 
 the apartments themselves, or such as are required 
 for the exercise of the royal functions, should be 
 adorned in a style of regal splendour which might 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 41 
 
 carry back the mind to those days when the Edwards 
 and Henries sat here amongst their peers. Again, 
 the external alterations of King Charles, who brought 
 the vices and the fashions of France to disgrace his 
 native soil, are in the worst possible style. His late 
 Majesty did much to restore the pure Gothic character 
 of the building ; and the windows by which, in many 
 parts, he replaced the unmeaning ones which Charles 
 introduced, should serve as the model for completing 
 all the fronts in one uniform and appropriate manner. 
 The neglect of Windsor, under several reigns, has 
 caused all sorts of trespasses and nuisances under and 
 within the very walls of the Castle. Remove these ex- 
 crescences as far as possible, and thus restore its true 
 character of a palace and a fortress — the ancient seat 
 of chivalry and magnificence — the spot where the 
 Talbots jousted and the Surreys sung. Lastly, prevent 
 those nuisances in future, and secure to the monarch 
 that privacy which every English gentleman wishes 
 to have, and which an English king ought not to be 
 deprived of, by laying out the grounds about the 
 Castle in gardens such as should belong to such a 
 palace. Much of all this will, we believe, be done, 
 and no more. We do not expect to see introduced 
 at Windsor any architectural innovation, which would 
 be here ten times more glaring and offensive than in 
 any other situation. We are confident that the taste- 
 ful mind of the King will at once see what ought to 
 be done, and that, amongst his other illustrious dis- 
 tinctions, he will merit that of being the Restorer of 
 Windsor. 
 
 The grant was carried without opposition, except 
 E 3 
 
42 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 as to a matter of form. The commissioners appointed 
 for the superintendence of the works were the Duke 
 of Wellington, the Earl of Liverpool, the Earl of 
 Aberdeen, Sir Charles Long, and Mr. Baring. Seve- 
 ral of the most distinguished architects in the country 
 entered into a competition for this most interesting 
 and important work. The plans of Mr. JefFry Wyatt 
 were, however, finally decided upon by the Com- 
 missioners, with the approbation of his Majesty. It 
 would be premature to enter into a detail of the pro- 
 jected improvements ; we may, however, venture to 
 state, that the commodiousness of the apartments on 
 the eastern and southern sides of the quadrangle will 
 be secured by carrying a corridor round the sides of 
 the court, that the roofs will be raised throughout the 
 building, that the battlements will acquire a more 
 uniform and imposing character, and that a new tower 
 will be built on the southern side, between which and 
 the Beacon or York Tower, the entrance to the 
 quadrangle from the Long Walk will be formed. Of 
 this tower his Majesty laid the first stone, without 
 public ceremony, on the 12th of August : it bears the 
 following inscription : — 
 
 George the Fourth, 
 By the Grace of God, King of Great Britain, and Defender 
 of the Faith, 
 Laid this corner-stone of a new entrance 
 To his Castle at Windsor, 
 Which has been, for upwards of seven centuries. 
 The residence of his royal predecessors, 
 On the sixty-second anniversary of his birth-day, 
 August 12, 1824. 
 Jeffry WyatVille, architect. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 43 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 
 THE UPPER WARD ; 
 
 WITH A DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE 
 APARTMENTS. 
 
 The Upper Ward is a spacious court, forming an 
 irregular quadrangle, having on the west side, the 
 Keep, or Round Tower; on the north, the state apart- 
 ments of the Castle, St. George's Hall, and the Royal 
 Chapel ; and on the east and south sides, the King's 
 private apartments. 
 
 Nearly in the centre of the square is an equestrian 
 statue, in bronze, of King Charles II. in a Roman 
 habit, executed by Strada in 1679. Three sides of 
 the pedestal are enriched with designs in basso relievo, 
 by Gibbons, consisting of figures, foliage, the royal 
 cipher, &c. ; and upon a shield on the east side is 
 engraved a Latin inscription, to the following effect: — • 
 
 Tobias Rustat humbly gave and dedicated this statue to his most 
 gracious master, CHARLES IT. the best of kings, in the year of our 
 Lord, 1680. 
 
 Beneath the pedestal is a water engine of peculiar 
 construction, designed by Sir Samuel Morland, master 
 mechanist to Charles It., for the purpose of supplying 
 the palace with water, from Blackmoor Park, near 
 Winkfield. This machine is not now used, the Castle 
 
44 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 being supplied from the Thames, with far greater con- 
 venience, by means of a powerful engine at a short 
 distance from the town. 
 
 The State Apartments. — This magnificent 
 suite of rooms was formerly approached by a vestibule 
 of the Grecian order, with Ionic colamns and inter- 
 vening circular niches, decorated with antique busts. 
 This led to the grand staircase, which, with an ad- 
 joining one called the back staircase, were painted by 
 Sir James Thornhill, with designs from the Meta- 
 morphoses of Ovid. The whole of this incongruous 
 entrance to the principal apartments of a Gothic 
 structure has been removed, and in the space occupied 
 by it, a superb vestibule and staircase, of a character 
 in perfect unison with the original building, was 
 erected by his late Majesty. 
 
 The length from the entrance to the foot of the 
 staircase is 45 feet, exclusive of the porch. The 
 breadth of the vestibule is 28 feet, divided by clus- 
 tered columns into a centre and side aisles, and the 
 extent of the whole in a right line is 108 feet. On 
 each side are four large and three smaller niches for 
 the reception of statues, the canopies of which are 
 extremely rich and florid. The ascent consists of one 
 flight of 34 steps, having its height relieved by a broad 
 landing in the centre, and terminating in a spacious 
 gallery, which continues round three sides, and con- 
 nects the several apartments. The balustrade is 
 composed of bronze^ with massive bases and capitals 
 of polished brass ; and at the head of the stairs, over 
 the folding doors of the King's Drawing Room, are 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 45 
 
 the royal arms in artificial stone, and, on each side, 
 three demi-angels supporting shields with the arms 
 of former British monarchs. The height of the 
 staircase is 99 feet, exclusive of an octagonal lan- 
 tern, which forms on the outside an embattled tower. 
 Clusters of slender filleted columns occupy the 
 angles of the staircase^ and support a vaulting of rich 
 fan-work, beautifully designed and ornamented with 
 tracery, and terminating with the royal arms and date 
 (1801), encircled with the garter, in the centre of the 
 Lantern Tower ; the whole producing, by its lofti- 
 ness and character, an efl'ect peculiarly airy and 
 magnificent. 
 
 The public are now admitted to the State Apart- 
 ments by a small private staircase in the tower at the 
 north-west angle of the great court, and the rooms 
 are shown in the following order : — 
 
 I. 
 
 THE queen's audience CHAMBER. 
 
 On the ceiling of this room Britannia is repre- 
 sented in the person of Catharine of Portugal, Queen 
 of Charles II., who is seated in a triumphal car, drawn 
 by Swans to the temple of Virtue, attended by Ceres, 
 Pomona, Flora, &c. ; with other decorations, height- 
 ened with gold. The chandeliers and glasses in this 
 apartment are extremely magnificent. 
 
 A capital picture, by Sir William Beechy, of his 
 late Majesty reviewing the 3d and 10th regiments 
 of Dragoons, accompanied by their Royal Highnesses 
 the Prince of Wales and the Duke of York, and 
 
46 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 attended by the Generals, Sir William Fawcett, 
 Dundas, and Goldsworthy, was formerly placed in 
 this room, but has been removed on account of an 
 alteration in the form of the windows ; — the following 
 paintings now occupy the three sides* : — 
 
 1. Whole-lenorth Portrait of James 
 Duke of York, afterwards King 
 James IL 
 
 2. Aime, Duchess of York,claughter 
 of Edward Hyde, Lord Claren- 
 don, and afterwards Queen of 
 England 
 
 3. Amie of Denmark, Queen of 
 James I. 
 
 4. Henrietta Maria of France, 
 Queen of Charles I. 
 
 5. WilliamPrince of Orange (after- 
 wards William III.) when a boy 
 
 7. Frederick Henry Prince of 
 Orange (father of the above) 
 
 6. A Landscape 
 
 8. A ditto, the Meeting of Isaac 
 and Rebecca 
 
 Sir Peter Lely, n 
 
 Sir Peter Lely, n 
 
 Van Somer, n 
 
 Vandyke, n 
 
 Ho^thorst, N 
 
 Honthorst. e 
 
 Zuccarelli, e 
 
 Zuccarelli. w 
 
 II. 
 
 THE BALL ROOM. 
 
 On the ceiling of this room King Charles IL is 
 represented giving freedom to Europe, by the figures 
 of Perseus and Andromeda. Over the head of An- 
 dromeda is inscribed Europa Britannicus and 
 
 * The pictures throughout the several apartments are described 
 as they are placed on the east, west, north, or south sides ; and the 
 figure prefixed to each shows the order in which they are pointed 
 out by the person who exhibits them. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 49 
 
 on the shield of Perseus is " Perseus Britannicus 
 and Mars, attended by the Pagan deities, offers the 
 olive branch. On the cornice is the story of Perseus 
 and Andromeda, the Four Seasons, and the Signs of 
 the Zodiac : the whole heightened with gold. 
 
 Four large glasses with massive silver frames, and 
 magnificent tables and chandeliers, in a corresponding 
 style and of the same material, distinguish this apart- 
 ment. 
 
 The paintings are, 
 
 1. Duke of Hamilton Hanneman. s 
 
 2. The Princesses, Mary, Sophia, 
 
 and Amelia, playing in a j^arden Copley, s 
 
 3. Judith with the Head of Holo- 
 
 fernes Guido, e 
 
 6. Countess of Carlisle Vandyke* e 
 
 4. Duchess of Richmond Vandyke. e 
 6. Head,in imitation of Rembrandt Gainsborough. e 
 
 8. Countess of Dorset Vandyke, e 
 7- Madame de St. Croix Vandyke, e 
 
 9. A Magdalen Sir Peter Lely, e 
 
 10. Her Majesty (QueenCharlotte), 
 the Prince of Wales, and the 
 
 Duke of York Ramsey. n 
 
 11 . Earl of Pembroke Van Somer, n 
 
 III. 
 
 THE queen's drawing ROOM. 
 
 On the ceiling is represented an assembly of the 
 Deities ; the whole is intermixed with trophies and 
 flowers, heightened with gold. In this room are also 
 two silver chandeliers, a glass, and a massive silver 
 table from Hanover; the chandeliers, as well as 
 those in the preceding apartment, weigh each about 
 120lbs. 
 
48 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 The paintings are, 
 
 1 . Whole length Portrait of Henry, 
 Earl of Surrey * Cover the en- 
 trance) Holbein, s 
 
 * This accomplished nobleman, almost the last star of English 
 chivalry, and amongst the first restorers of English poetry, was several 
 times imprisoned in Windsor Castle. His description of his feelings 
 daring imprisonment present such a curious illustration of the manners 
 of the age, as well as the peculiar features of this kingly fortress, that 
 our readers will excuse the digression : — 
 
 So cruel prison how could betide, alas ! 
 
 As proud Windsor ! where I, in lust and joy, 
 ^ With a king's son my childish years did pass 
 
 In greater feast than Priam's son of Troy : 
 Where each sweet place returns a place full sower! 
 
 The large green courts, where we were wont to hove. 
 With eyes cast up unto the Maiden's tower. 
 
 And easy sighs, such as folk draw in love : 
 The stately seats, the ladies bright of hue. 
 
 The dances short, long tales of great delight, 
 With words and looks that tygers could but rue ; 
 
 Where each of us did plead the other's right : 
 The palm-play, where, dispoiled for the game. 
 
 With dazed eyes, oft we by gleams of love 
 Have miss'd the ball, and got sight of our dame. 
 
 To bait her eyes that kept the leads above : 
 The gravel ground, with sleeves tied on the helm. 
 
 On foaming horse, with swords and friendly hearts; 
 With cheer as though one should another whelm ; 
 
 Where we have fought and chased oft with darts. 
 The wild forest, the clothed holts with green, 
 
 With reins avaled, and swift ybreathed horse. 
 With cry of hounds, and merry blasts between. 
 
 Where we did chace the fearful hart of force. 
 O place of bliss ! renewer of my woes ! 
 
 Give me account where is my noble fere. 
 Whom in thy walls thou dost each night enclose 
 
 To other leefe, but unto me most dear. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIt)E. 49 
 
 2. The Apostles Peter, James, and 
 
 John Caravaggio, e 
 
 4. Portrait of Lady Digby Vandyke, e 
 
 5. Portraits of De Bray and his 
 
 Family De Bray, » 
 
 6. Pilate delivering up Christ Schiavoni, w 
 
 7. Landscape, theFinding of Moses ZuccarelU. w 
 
 3. Portraits of KilligrewandCarey, 
 
 Jesters to King Charles IL Vandyke, W 
 
 8. to 13. Six Landscapes Zuccarellu w 
 
 IV. 
 
 THE queen's state BEDCHAMBER. 
 
 This room was thought too small, and has been 
 lately enlarged to twice its former length, as may be 
 seen by the painted ceiling, the old part of which still 
 remains, and represents the story of Endymion and 
 Diana. On the new part of the ceiling is Jupiter giving 
 the bow to Diana, by Rigaud. 
 
 In this room is a beautiful amber cabinet ;— and it 
 is remarkable for the collection of portraits of the 
 Beauties of the Court of Charles II., viz 
 
 1. Lady Sunderland 
 
 2. Countess of Northumberland 
 
 3. Countess of Rochester 
 
 4. Countess de Grammont 
 
 5. Duchess of Richmond 
 
 6. Duchess of Cleveland 
 
 7. Duchess of Somerset 
 
 8. Lady Byron 
 
 9. Mrs. Nott 
 
 10. Mrs. Lavvson 
 
 11. Countess ofOssory 
 
 12. Mrs. Middletou 
 
 13. Lady Denham 
 
 14. Lady Whit more 
 
 >Sir Peter Lely, w 
 
 Huysman, w 
 ing, w 
 
 ^/S'/r Peter Lely, 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 15. to 28. Are thirteen small 
 Portraits of Ladies of theCourt 
 of CharlesII. (names unknown) 
 from originals of Vandyke and 
 Lely 
 
 44. to 47. Four Views in Italy 
 31-2. A pair of Landscapes 
 
 33. Portrait of the Duchess of 
 Orleans 
 
 34. Portrait of William Duke of 
 Gloucester, son of QueenAnne 
 
 29. Chanty 
 
 30. A HolyFamily, (from Raphael) 
 
 35. A Singing Party (candlelight) 
 
 36. Cupid and Psyche 
 
 37. The Continence of Scipio 
 
 38. Whole-length Portrait of Lacy 
 the Comedian, in three cha- 
 racters 
 
 39. A Bohemian Family 
 
 40. Vulcan delivering the Armour 
 of Achilles to Thetis 
 
 41. Achilles presented to the Cen- 
 taur 
 
 42. A Landscape, Boscobel Wood 
 
 43. A Christ, the Virgin, St. Luke, 
 and St. Ignatius 
 
 Russell. w 
 
 Carlo Feres. w 
 
 Bamboccio, s 
 
 Spatillo. B 
 
 Sir Peter Lely. s 
 
 Carlo Cigmni. e 
 
 £ 
 
 Schalken, E 
 
 Lazarini. B 
 
 Sebastian Ricci, k 
 
 Wright. E 
 
 Pordenone, e 
 
 Balestra, e 
 
 Balestra. e 
 
 Streeter, e 
 
 Tintoret. e 
 
 V. 
 
 THE queen's dressing ROOM. 
 
 The ceiling of this apartment has been painted by 
 Mr. Wyatt, from subjects derived from the History 
 of St. George, and the following pictures surround 
 the room. 
 
 1 . Portrait of Dr. Hurd, Bishop 
 
 of Gloucester Gainsborough, e 
 
 2. Portrait of Duchess of Meek- 
 
 lenhurg Strelitz De Foog, e 
 
 3. Portrait of Mrs. Dclany Opie. e 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 51 
 
 4. Portrait of Prince George o£\ 
 Mecklenbur^h Strelitz f ^ rr 
 
 5. Portrait of a Duke of ditto 
 6- Portrait of a Daehess of ditto ' 
 
 7. Whole-lengtli portrait of her 
 late Majesty, Queen Charlotte Gainsborough 
 
 8. Whole-length portrait of Prin-"^ 
 cess Sopbia of Mecklenburg* 
 Strelitz, sister of Queen Char- 
 lotte 
 
 9. Whole-length portrait of Prince rr 
 
 Ernest, brother of Queen ' ' 
 Charlotte 
 10.-12. Two other portraits of 
 Dukes of Mecklenburgh Stre- 
 litz, and one Duchess J 
 
 At the north west corner of this chamber is a small 
 closet, in which are deposited the banners of France, 
 consisting of gold fleur-de-lys upon a white ground, 
 annually delivered at the Castle, on the 2d of August, 
 by the successive Dukes of Marlborough, being the 
 tenure by which they hold the magnificent domain 
 and palace of Blenheim. The paintings in this closet 
 are completely hidden by the accumulated banners 
 suspended round it. 
 
 VI. 
 
 THE king's dressing ROOM. 
 
 This apartment has been considerably enlarged; 
 the ceiling, which exhibited the fable of Jupiter and 
 Leda, removed, and the more appropriate legend of 
 St. George and the Dragon, by Mr. Matthew Wyatt, 
 now supplies its place. The hangings of scarlet 
 cloth, encircled with gold mouldings, display, with 
 admirable effect, the following paintings : 
 f2 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 2. St. Sebastian Guido, e 
 
 3. The Angels Appearing to the 
 
 Shepherds Poussin, e 
 10. Portrait of William Prince of 
 
 Orange,afterwardsWilliamIII. Wissing. e 
 
 18. Whole-length Portrait of Ed- 
 ward VI. Holbein. e 
 
 19. Portrait of theDuke of Norfolk Holbein. e 
 
 The two latter pictures are fine specimens of the elaborate fiBlshiog 
 and brilliant colouring of this admirable master. 
 
 20. The Last Supper (a sketch) Rubens. e 
 
 This most spirited sketch is deformed by the anachronism of a pair 
 of spectacles on the nose of a principal figure ^ but as a whole it is 
 worthy of this great master. 
 
 24. St. John Carlo Maratti. e 
 
 25. St. Catherine Correggio. e 
 
 26. A Head Denner. e 
 
 27. A Dutch Fair Breughel. e 
 
 28. A Woman Reading Correggio. e 
 
 29. St. Peter delivered from Prison Steenivich. k 
 
 30. A Head Denner. e 
 
 31. Portrait of Anne Duchess of 
 
 York Sir Peter Lely. e 
 
 12. A Head Parmegiano. s 
 
 13. Head of Erasmus Penn. s 
 
 14. Portrait of Martin Luther Holbein. s 
 15 A Head Raphael. s 
 
 16. The Garden of Eden Breughel. s 
 
 1 7. A Landscape Swanefelde. s 
 1. The Misers Quintin Matsys. w 
 
 This painting has long been an object of universal interest, and has 
 been oftener copied than any other picture in the royal collection. 
 Independent of its merits of powerful delineation of character and 
 brilliant colouring, there is a romantic story attached to it, which 
 irresistibly attracts us to the performance. The painter, it is said, 
 was a humble blacksmith, who became in love with an artist's 
 daughter ; she despised his occupation ; to raise himself to that 
 equality which might win her, he devoted himself to painting. This 
 picture obtained the triumph of his hopes with his mistress ! The 
 inscription on the monument of Matsys, at Antwerp, confirms this 
 statement of his genius and perseverance. 
 
 21 . A Girl playing on theVirginals Mieris. w 
 4. A Womau watering Flowers Gerard Dow. w 
 
THE WINDSOR GIJIDK. 
 
 5. A Head of the Virgin 
 
 6. Head of the Saviour 
 
 8. The Ag-ony in the Garden 
 
 9. Portrait of St. Catherine 
 
 7. A Nymph and Satyr 
 
 1 1 . Portrait of Mary Princess 
 Orang-e, afterwards Queen 
 
 32. Portrait of James Duke 
 York (her father) 
 
 of 
 
 Carlo DolcL w 
 
 Carlo Dolci. w 
 
 Pons sin. w 
 Leonardo da Find, vr 
 Albano, 
 
 fVissing, w 
 
 Sir Peter Lely. w 
 
 In this room is a rich inlaid cabinet, which was 
 used as a writing desk by William III. 
 
 VII. 
 
 THE king's closet. 
 
 The hangings of this room are of scarlet cloth and 
 gold, and the subject of the ceiling, which has been 
 lately painted by Mr. Wyatt, is the Infancy of St. 
 George. The paintings are, 
 
 1. George, Prince of Denmark 
 
 Kneller, 
 
 w 
 
 2. Portrait of John Malderus, 
 
 
 
 Bishop of Antwerp 
 
 V mdyke. 
 
 w 
 
 3. Portrait of James Duke of 
 
 
 York 
 
 Russell. 
 
 w 
 
 4. Portrait of HolstolF, a German 
 
 
 
 merchant 
 
 Holbein. 
 
 w 
 
 5. A Holy Family, from Titian 
 
 Tenters. 
 
 w 
 
 6. Portrait of Henrietta Maria, 
 
 
 
 Queen of Charles I. 
 
 Vandyke. 
 
 w 
 
 10. Portrait of Charles H. 
 
 Russell. 
 
 w 
 
 14. The Dau2fhter of Herodias 
 
 
 
 with the Head of St. John 
 
 Carlo Dolci. 
 
 s 
 
 15. Head of St. Catherine 
 
 Domenichino. 
 
 s 
 
 16. A Magdalen 
 
 Carlo Dolci. 
 
 s 
 
 7. Portrait of John Duke of 
 
 
 
 Marlborough 
 
 Dahl. 
 
 £ 
 
 8. Portraits of Titian and a Vene- 
 
 
 
 tian Noble 
 
 Titian. 
 
 E 
 
 9. A Head (Age) 
 
 Holbein, 
 
 E 
 
 11. A Head (Youth) 
 
 Holbein, 
 
 E 
 
 F 3 
 
54 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 12. A Holy Family Garofalo. e 
 
 13. The Virgin and Child David Tenters. e 
 
 17. The Virgin teaching the Infant 
 
 Christ to Read Guercino. e 
 
 18. The Death of Cleopatra Guido. e 
 
 20. Silence (a Sleeping Infant) ^nnibal Caracci, E 
 
 Eugravings from these two admired pictures were made by Sir 
 Robert Strange, 
 
 19. The Virgin and Child Guido, e 
 
 This, which is one of the most pleasing pictures in the royal 
 collection, has been exquisitely engraved by Bartolozzi. 
 
 21. -22. Heads of St. Peter and St. 
 
 Paul Guercino. £ 
 
 23. A Head Leonardo da Vinci, e 
 
 24. -25 A Pair of Landscapes P. Wouvermans, e 
 
 26. Portrait of the Countess of 
 
 Desmond Rembrandt, e 
 
 27. -28. The Holy Family, a pair after Raphael, k 
 
 VIII. 
 
 THE COUNCIL ROOM, 
 FORMERLY THE KING'S STATE BEDCHAMBER. 
 
 The ceiling displays Charles II., habited in the 
 Robes of the Garter, seated on a throne under a 
 canopy, supported by Time, Jupiter, and Neptune, 
 and attended by figures personating the four quarters 
 of the earth, who are pressing forward to pay their 
 homage. The hangings are of crimson, with gilded 
 mouldings. Upon a pier table, on the south side of 
 the room, is a fine cast, from the antique, in bronze, 
 of a boy drawing a thorn from his foot. The paintings 
 are as follow : 
 
 1. Cupid shaving his Bow Parmegiano. w 
 
 2. Portrait of the Duke of Savoy Sir A, Moore, w 
 
 3. Portrait of an Officer of the 
 
 Pope's Guard Parmegiano, w 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 5$ 
 
 w 
 w 
 w 
 
 4. Whole-length Portrait of 
 George HI. Dupont. 
 
 5. Portrait of the Emperor, 
 Charles V. after Titian, 
 
 6. Prince Rupert Si?* Peter Lely» 
 
 7. Henry, Duke of Gloucester Sir Peter Le'ly. 
 
 8. Portrait of Charles II , when 
 
 a boy Fandyke, s 
 
 9. Charles the First's Children Vandyke, s 
 
 This picture, which was purchased by his late Majesty of Lord 
 Portmore, is generally regarded as one of the finest works of tliis 
 master. 
 
 10. Jacob's Departure from Laban F.Laura, s 
 
 11. -12. Two Views of Windsor 
 
 Castle fosterman, s 
 
 These landscapes are curious, as they exhibit the features of this 
 royal abode before the addition of a part of the terrace, and while the 
 building retained something of its original character of a fortress. 
 
 13. St. John 
 
 14. W^hole-length of Queen Eliza- 
 beth, when Princess 
 
 15. Portrait of the Queen of 
 James I. 
 
 16. Portrait of Catharine of Portu- 
 gal, Queen of Charles II. 
 
 ] 7. Whole-length of the late Duke 
 
 of York, in the habit of the 
 
 Order of the Garter 
 18. Whole-length of the Princess 
 
 Mary, daughter of James II. 
 
 when young, (as Diana) 
 
 after Correggio, 
 
 Jans en. 
 
 Lely, 
 
 Dance. 
 
 Lely, 
 
 IX. 
 
 THE king's drawing ROOM. 
 
 The principal division of the ceiling represents 
 Charles II., seated on a triumphal car, drawn by the 
 horses of the sun, and attended by various allegorical 
 figures, allusive of his restoration. In another part 
 are painted the Labours of Hercules -and the border 
 
56 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 of the whole is enriched with flowers and fruit, beauti- 
 fully heightened with gold. The apartment has been 
 recently fitted up with great elegance, and possesses 
 a magnificent glass, of English manufacture, of 11 feet 
 by 6. The chandeliers are extremely splendid ; and 
 the carving which adorns the chimney pieces, is by 
 Gibbons. 
 
 The paintings are, 
 
 1. The Virgin and Child ajter Correggio, w 
 
 2. St. John after Correggio. w 
 
 4. Portrait of Father Couplet, a 
 
 Jesuit Missionary in China Kneller, w 
 
 This picture is universally designated The Converted Chinese." 
 
 It is considered the best work of Kneller, and was thought to be so by 
 the painter himself. 
 
 5. Perseus and Andromeda Guldo. w 
 
 6. Venus Attiring Guido. w 
 
 3. A Holy Family Rubens, s 
 10. The Martyrdom of St. Stephen Rottenhamer, s 
 
 7. Augustus consulting the Sybil Pietro di Cortona. e 
 9. The Battle of Nordlingen Rubens. e 
 
 This spirited picture was hastily painted as a decoration for a 
 triumphal arch. 
 
 8. The Oflfering of the Magi Lucca Jordanu. e 
 
 By the lofty folding doors, at the south side of this 
 apartment, we approach the grand staircase, de- 
 scribed in page 44. 
 
 X. 
 
 THE king's STATE BEDCHAMBER. 
 
 The Banquet of the Gods .^is the subject of the 
 ceiling, and a great variety of fish and fowl is repre- 
 sented on several parts of the coving. The ex- 
 quisite carvings, by Gibbons^ which were a principal 
 
Snyders, 
 
 N 
 
 after Vandyke^ 
 
 N 
 
 SpagnolettQ. 
 
 N 
 
 West. 
 
 TX 
 
 Bassano, 
 
 N 
 
 Tintoret. 
 
 N 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 57 
 
 decoration of the apartment, have been removed to 
 Hampton Court, and draperies of plain scarlet cloth 
 supply their place. In a recess at the west end of 
 this room is a state bed belonging to Queen Anne ; 
 and upon beaufets, ranged around the apartment, 
 are some curious articles in porcelain, which also 
 belonged to her. Under a window at the west-end 
 is a superb cabinet of amber. The following are the 
 subjects of the paintings : 
 
 2. Hunting the Wild Boar 
 
 5. Sampson betrayed to the Phi- 
 listines 
 
 6. A Mathematician 
 
 7. The Apotheosis of the Princes 
 Octavius and Alfred 
 
 8. A Preceptor and his Pupil 
 
 9. The Expulsion of Heresy 
 
 A fine allegorical picture. 
 
 10. Portrait of Mary Duchess of 
 
 York Sir Peter Lely, N 
 
 1 1 . Peter the Great, of Russia Kneller, w 
 
 12. Whole-length of Mary Queen 
 
 of Scotland Jannette. e 
 
 A curious picture on board. A representation of her death oc- 
 cupies one portion of the back ground. 
 
 4. Portrait of Anne Duchess of 
 
 York Sir Peter Lely. e 
 
 1 . A piece of Still Life Kalf, e 
 
 3. Whole-length portrait of Bridget 
 
 Holmes, Housemaid at the 
 
 Castle, 1686 Unknown. s 
 
 Returning from hence through the King's Drawing 
 Room, a door at the north-west angle conducts us to 
 
 XI. 
 
 THE king's AUDIENCE CHAMBER. 
 
 The ceiling is a lively allegory of the re-establish- 
 
58 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 ment of the Church of England on the Restoration 
 of Charles II., in the characters of England, Scot- 
 land, and Ireland, attended by Faith, Hope, and 
 Charity ; Religion is represented as triumphing over 
 Superstition and Hypocrisy, who are driven by 
 Cherubs from the church : all of them are represented 
 with great effect, and highly finished. 
 
 The furniture, paintings, and embellishments (ex- 
 cept the ceiling) of this room, are all new ; every 
 part of them in the most superb style : the cornice 
 and mouldings are highly gilt; the hangings of rich 
 blue silk, with beautiful embroidered borders ; the 
 canopy and chair extremely magnificent; and the 
 chimney-piece, tables, glasses, and chandeliers, all 
 in a similar style of splendour. 
 
 The paintings are by B. West, Esq. wherein he 
 has happily celebrated some of the principal glories 
 of the immortal Edward III.* These paintings were 
 executed in the years 1787, 1788, and 1789; and are 
 as follow : — 
 
 ]. The Surrenderof Calais to Edward III. w 
 
 * The seven historical pieces in the King's Audience Chamber, 
 at Windsor Castle, of the wars of Edward Til., by the late Mr. West, 
 in the heraldic and martial costume of the figures are almost fault- 
 less. Perhaps the black armour assigned to the heroic Prince of 
 Wales, and the plumed armour of the King of Bohemia, which lies at 
 his feet, are the only circumstances to which the critical antiquary 
 could object. We happen to be acquainted with a fact connected 
 with these pictures : their historical accuracy is attributable to the 
 friendly aid of Sir Isaac Heard, who was constantly at the elbow of 
 the artist ; and thus they may be regarded as the joint composition of 
 the first painter and herald of our days — a communion of labour alike 
 creditable to the memory of both." — Quarterhj Review, No. LX. Art. 
 " Meyrick on Ancient Armour." 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 59 
 
 2. An entertainment given by Edward III. after de- 
 
 feating the French in their attempt upon Calais. 
 
 3. The passaj^e of Edward III. over the Somme. 
 
 4. The Interview between the King and his victorious 
 
 Son, the Black Prince, after the Battle of Cressy, 
 in 1346. 
 
 5. The Battle of Poictiers, in which Edward the Black 
 
 Prince took King John and his Son Philip prisoners. 
 
 6. The first Installation of the Order of the Garter, in 
 
 St. George's Chapel 
 
 7. The Battle of Neville's Cross, wherein David King of 
 
 Scotland was taken prisoner by Queen Philippa, 
 whilst her Royal Consort, Edward III. was besieg- 
 ing Calais. 
 
 XII. 
 
 king's presence chamber. 
 
 On the ceiling is painted, in a most masterly style, 
 a portrait of King Charles II. shewn by Mercury to 
 the four Quarters of the World, who are introduced 
 by Neptune. Fame, with a branch of olive in her left 
 hand, and a trumpet in her right, is sounding the glory 
 of the Prince ; and Time driving away Rebellion, 
 Sedition, and other evil Genii. Over the canopy. 
 Justice is shewing the arms of Britain to Thames and 
 his river Nymphs ; the star of Venus, and the follow- 
 ing label, 'Sydus Carolinum' At the lower end of 
 the chamber is Venus in a sea car, drawn by tritons 
 and nymphs. The ground and manner of finish- 
 ing this ceiling are the same as those v/e have before 
 mentioned. 
 
 In this apartment there were four of the celebrated 
 Cartoons of Raphael, which are now moved to Hamp- 
 ton Court, 
 
60 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 The paintings are, 
 
 1 . Prometheus, chained to the rock, 
 
 (over the door) Young Palma. w 
 
 2. Charles 11. Sir P. Lely. w 
 
 3. James II. Sir P, Lely s 
 
 4. Queen Mary Sir G, Kneller. s 
 
 6. King William Sir G, Kneller. s 
 €. Queen Ann after Ditto, s 
 
 7. King George I. Ditto, s 
 
 8. Queen Caroline Zeenan, s 
 
 9. King George II. Zeenan, e 
 10. Duns Scotus Spagnoletto, e 
 
 A posthumous portrait of "the Subtle Doctor," painted by an 
 artist who delighted in gloomy subjects. The emaciated features of 
 the student have doubtless given rise to the traditional absurdity 
 with which visitors are amused, when directed to this picture by the 
 attendant. 
 
 XIIL 
 
 king's guard chamber. 
 
 The ceiling is admired for the manner in which it 
 is painted in water colours, and represents, in one 
 compartment, Peace and Plenty ; in another Mars and 
 Minerva; in the centre is a figure of Mars, surrounded 
 with the trophies of war. 
 
 In this room the Knights of the Garter, in the ab- 
 sence of the Sovereign, dine at an installation. 
 
 The magazine of arms and warlike instruments, de- 
 posited in this spacious room, were ingeniously dis- 
 posed in colonades, pillars, circles, shields, and other 
 devices, by Mr. Harris, late master gunner of the 
 castle, and among the coats of mail, is that of the 
 renowned Edward the Black Prince, which is placed 
 over the door leading to St. George's Hall. In this 
 chamber is now deposited the tri-coloured banner, 
 by the annual delivery of which the Duke of Wei- 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 61 
 
 lington and his descendants are to hold the princely 
 lief, granted him by the nation, for his eminent ser- 
 vices at the battle of Waterloo. The paintings are, 
 
 Charles XI. King of Sweden, on 
 
 horseback, Wych, 
 Eight views of Battles, Sieges, &c. Rugendas, w 
 
 XIV. 
 
 ST. George's hall. 
 [ This magnificent apartment, 108 feet in length, 
 and allowed to be one of the finest in Europe, is de- 
 dicated to the peculiar honour of the Most Noble 
 Order of the Garter. 
 
 In a large oval, in the centre of the ceiling, King 
 Charles II. is represented in the habit of the Order, 
 attended by personifications of England, Scotland 
 and Ireland; with their various attributes allegorically 
 displayed ; Religion and Plenty hold the crown over 
 his head, and on each side of the monarch are Mars 
 and Mercury, with the emblems of war and peace. 
 In the same oval is Regal Government, supported by 
 Religion and Eternity ; Justice, attended by Fortitude, 
 Temperance, and Prudence, beating down Rebellion 
 and Faction ; and among the evil Genii the painter is 
 said to have introduced the Earl of Shaftesbury, a 
 statesman of that reign, dispersing libels. Nearer the 
 throne is an octagon, in which is St. George's cross, 
 encircled with the garter, within a radiated star, 
 supported by Cupids, with the motto, 
 
 HONI SOIT QUI MAL Y PENSE. 
 
 and surrounded by the Muses, and other embellish- 
 ments expressive of the grandeur of the Order, 
 
 G 
 
62 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 In the lower compartment of the ceiling', over the 
 music gallery, is the collar of the Order of the Garter, 
 supported by Cupidsj and encompassed with a variety 
 of characters emblematic of this most illustrious order 
 of knighthood. 
 
 On the north side of this superb chamber is painted 
 the triumph of Edward the Black Prince, son of 
 Edward III. founder of the Order, who is seated at 
 the upper end, receiving John King of France, and 
 David King of Scotland, prisoners, under a canopy 
 of green velvet. The Prince, crowned with laurels, 
 is seated in a triumphal car, in the midst of the pro- 
 cession, supported by slaves, preceded by captives, 
 and attended by the emblems of Liberty, Victory, 
 and other ensigns of the Romans, with the banners of 
 France and Scotland displayed. The painter has 
 closed the procession with the Countess of Salisbury, 
 in the person of a lady distributing flowers ; and a 
 scene from Shakspeare's Merry Wives of Windsor. 
 In the last part of the group he has humourously in- 
 troduced himself, in a black hood and scarlet cloak. 
 
 At the east end of the hall was the Sovereign's 
 throne, the ascent to which was by five steps of fine 
 marble ; in addition to whidi five more were painted 
 in great perfection. Above those was a large 
 canopy and drapery ; on the latter of which was 
 represented St. George encountering the Dragon. 
 Under this was a painting of King William, in the 
 habit of the Order of the Garter ; and on a part of the 
 drapery this inscription. 
 
 VENITNDO n.STITlJlT Kl M 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 63 
 
 The canopy on the cove of the ceiling and upper 
 part of the wall still remain; but King William, St. 
 George, and the lower part of the painting, have 
 given way to modern improvement. 
 
 At the west end of the hall is a noble music gallery, 
 finely carved and gilt, supported by four gigantic 
 black slaves, beautifully carved in wood. 
 
 Over the music gallery is the following inscription : 
 
 Antonias Verrio, Neapolitauus, 
 Non ignobili stirpe natus, 
 Augustissimi Regis Caroli Secundi 
 Et Sancti Georgii, 
 Molem banc Fcjelicissima Manu 
 Decoravit. 
 
 In English thus : — 
 
 Anthony Verrio, a Neapolitan, born of a noble race, ornamented with 
 a most happy hand this large pile of building, of the most Noble 
 King Charles the Second, and St. George. 
 
 By a door under this gallery, we enter 
 XV. 
 
 ST. George's, or the king's chapel. 
 
 The ceiling is decorated with a masterly and striking- 
 representation of the Resurrection of our Saviour, 
 accompanied by a numerous host of angels. At the 
 west end, Mary Magdalen is seen weeping on the 
 outside of the sepulchre ; and on each side, on the 
 cornice, are the Roman soldiers. 
 
 In this chapel divine service was performed every 
 morning, during his late Majesty's summer residence, 
 at 8 o'clock ; but it has since been dismantled of its 
 canonical furniture and appendages, with the design 
 of being converted into a saloon. 
 
 G 2 
 
64 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 The altar-piece of this chapel was the Last Supper ; 
 and on the north side were represented some of the 
 Miracles of our Saviour ; as, his Raising Lazarus 
 from the Dead; Curing the Sick of the Palsy; 
 Casting out Devils, Sec, ; — by Verrio. 
 
 The closets for the King and Royal Family formed 
 the east end of the chapel. The canopy, curtain, and 
 furniture, were of crimson velvet with gold fringe. The 
 carved work, representing a variety of scriptural 
 devices, with the star and garter, and other orna- 
 ments, by Gibbons, has been removed with the other 
 decorations of the chapel. 
 
 From hence we proceed into 
 
 XVL 
 
 THE queen's guard CHAMBER. 
 
 In this apartment the ceiling is adorned with the 
 portrait of Queen Catharine of Portugal, consort to 
 Charles II., as Britannia, seated on a globe, bearing 
 the arms of England and Portugal, the four quarters 
 of the earth, and their respective symbols, attended 
 by deities, presenting their several offerings. The 
 signs of the zodiac are on the outer part of this 
 beautiful representation. In different parts of the 
 ceiling are Mars, Venus, Juno, Minerva, and other 
 heathen deities, with Zephyrs, Cupids, and other 
 embellishments, properly disposed. 
 
 Over the north window Minerva, on the east side 
 Achilles, on the south Juno with a peacock, and on 
 the west Venus with her doves. 
 
 Over the chimney is George, Prince of Denmark, 
 
THE WINDSOR GU1JD£. 
 
 65 
 
 on horseback^ by Dalil; and Views of Shipping, by 
 Vandevelde. 
 
 In this room are guns, bayonets, pikes, bandoleers, 
 &c. disposed in various beautiful forms ; with a star 
 and garter, the royal cypher, and other ornaments 
 intermixed, cut in lime-wood. This apartment is fitted 
 up and used as the King's Private Chapel. 
 
 Proceeding westward we enter 
 
 XVII. 
 
 THE queen's presence CHAMBER. 
 
 The ceiling of this room is also adorned with the 
 representation of Queen Catharine, attended by Re- 
 ligion, Prudence, Fortitude, and other virtues ; she 
 is seated under a curtain spread by Time, and sup- 
 ported by Zephyrs, with Fame proclaiming the hap- 
 piness of Britain ; underneath, Justice is seen driving 
 away Sedition, Envy, and other evil genii. 
 
 In this room were formerly three of the celebrated 
 Cartoons of Raphael, now removed to Hampton 
 Court. A throne of deep crimson velvet, with the 
 initials C. R. embroidered in silver, is fixed at the 
 upper end of this apartment ; beneath this are a chair 
 and two stools of state. 
 
 The paintings in this room are — 
 
 1. Portrait of a Princess of 
 
 Brunswick e 
 
 3. Duke Albert of Saxony Rubens. e 
 
 A masterly performance, evincing the painter's exquisite knowledge 
 of effect J — the foreshortening of the horse is admirable. 
 
 4. Portraits of Charles 1., and his 
 Queen, with the Prince of 
 Wales and Duke of York, 
 
 when Infants ' Vandyke, n 
 
 G 3 
 
66 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 5. Portrait of James I. n 
 
 6. Charles I. on horseback, with Ipr^^^ j,,^ ^ 
 the Duke d'Epernon carrying i ^ 
 
 his helmet J 
 
 The three preceding paintings are among the finest specimens of 
 this great master. 
 
 2. Portrait of a Princess of the 
 
 House of Brunswick w 
 
 From hence we return into 
 
 I. 
 
 THE queen's audience CHAMBER, 
 
 and this closes the tour of the apartments shown to 
 the public, the other rooms being rarely exhibited, 
 though several fine paintings, by the best masters, 
 are contained in them. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 67 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 THE KEEP, OR ROUND TOWER. 
 
 This Tower^ sometimes called the Middle Ward, 
 forms the west side of the Upper Court, and is built in 
 the form of an amphitheatre, on the highest part of the 
 mount ; the ascent to the upper part is by a flight of 
 100 stone steps. The numerous corbels that support 
 the roof of the staircase consist of small figures and 
 busts of different monarchs and knights, with angels, 
 &c. in a rich variety of habit; many of them are in good 
 preservation, and are worthy notice for the extreme 
 delicacy of the sculpture : a thick coating of white- 
 wash has, however, done its best towards disfiguring 
 the whole. At the top of the stairs, within the wall, 
 is planted a large piece of cannon levelled, through 
 an aperture, at the lower gate. There are likewise 
 seventeen pieces of cannon mounted at the embrasures 
 round the curtain of the tower, which is now the only 
 battery in the Castle, though formerly the whole place 
 was strongly fortified with cannon on each of the 
 several towers, besides those on two platforms in the 
 Lower Ward. 
 
 The apartments of the Tower belong to the Con- 
 stable or Governor, whose office is both military and 
 civil. As a military officer, he is obliged to defend 
 
68 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 the Castle against all enemies, whether foreign or 
 domestic. He has the charge of the prisoners brought 
 thither, and is accountable to the King for whatever 
 is contained in the Castle. He has a Deputy, or 
 Lieutenant-Governor, who holds equal command in his 
 absence, and has lodgings appointed for his residence 
 at the entrance of the Tower we are now about to 
 describe. 
 
 The Constable, in his civil capacity, was formerly 
 judge of a Court of Record, held by prescription over 
 the town gate in the Lower Ward, for the deter- 
 mination of pleas between party and party within the 
 precincts of Windsor Forest, comprehending many 
 towns, over which this Court had jurisdiction ; and 
 all legal processes, judgments, and executions were 
 issued in his name ; but the practice of the Court has 
 been suspended for many years, and it is presumed 
 that his powers finally merged into the general admi- 
 nistration of the law of the country, upon the dis- 
 afforesting the district under his immediate control 
 by the General Inclosure Act of 1813. He was like- 
 wise Chief Forester and Warden of Windsor Forest, 
 which extended 120 miles in circumference. 
 
 The first Governor of the Castle, appointed imme- 
 diately after its erection by William the Conqueror, 
 under the title of Castellan^ was Walter Fitz Other, 
 one of his knights, ancestor of the Earls of Ply- 
 mouth, who, from this circumstance, have added 
 
 De Windsor" to their names. In the reign of King 
 John the appointment was held by a priest, as we 
 find Hubert Walter, Archbishop of Canterbury and 
 Lord Chancellor, was, in 1201, made Governor of 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 69 
 
 the Castle. During the Protectorate of Oliver 
 Cromwell, the learned Sir Bulstrode Whiteloek ex- 
 ercised the office. The present Governor is the Earl 
 of Harrington. 
 
 Upon reaching the summit of the 100 steps which 
 brings us to the platform, a strong arched gateway, 
 with grooves for a portcullis, opens to the main 
 Tower. Crossing a square paved court, in which is a 
 reservoir of water, erected in the reign of Charles II. 
 to receive the drains from the upper leads, and an 
 engine, erected, in 1784, under the direction of Mr. 
 Gray, for raising water upwards of 370 feet, by the 
 simple contrivance of a rope ; the ends of which being 
 spliced together, it is fixed to a wheel and gudgeon 
 in the water, and to a windlass at the top of the well ; 
 the windlass being turned with a moderate degree of 
 velocity, the water adheres to the ascending part of 
 the rope, until it arrives at the top, where it is thrown 
 off, and collected by means of a semicircular cap 
 that incloses the inner wheel of the windlass; this cap 
 having a spout on one side of it, the water is con- 
 ducted into any vessel placed to receive it. 
 
 The first apartment we enter is 
 
 I. 
 
 THE GUARD CHAMBER. 
 
 In this room is a small magazine of arms, curiously 
 disposed, as matchlocks, the first ever made; whole, 
 half, and quarter pikes, with bandoleers of various 
 figures. Round the cornice are a number of breast- 
 plates of the age of Edward III.; with helmets over 
 
70 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 them, and several drums, in proper order. Over the 
 chimney is carved, in limewood, the star and garter, 
 in the form of an oval, crowned and encompassed 
 with daggers and pistols. The pillars of the door 
 leading to the great staircase and dining room are 
 composed of pikes, on the top of which are two coats 
 of mail, said to be those of John King of France, and 
 David King of Scotland, who were prisoners here ; 
 they are both inlaid with gold, the former with fleurs- 
 de-lis, and the latter with thistles. 
 
 II. 
 
 THE STAIRCASE. 
 
 In the vestibule and staircase leading to the dining- 
 room are four columns of pikes, ornamented with 
 bandoleers, carbines, and matchlocks. In the centre 
 is a circular shield, beautifully engraved^ and encom- 
 passed with daggers and pistols ; as also several of 
 King James's and King William's pieces, arranged by 
 the late Mr. Harris. 
 
 III. 
 
 THE DINING ROOM. 
 
 The Dining Room is a handsome, lofty apartment 
 and commands a most extensive and beautiful pros- 
 pect, to the south and east, over the Castle, the parks, 
 and adjacent country. It is hung on three sides with 
 tapestry, disposed in six compartments, and in good 
 preservation. The subject is the history of Hero and 
 Leander. Over the mantle-piece is 
 
 The Hawk and the Pigeons. Bognone. 
 
 An exquisite picture of children and birds ) but it is placed in a bad 
 light over the chimney-piece. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 71 
 
 A portrait of Elizabeth Queen of Bohemia, daughter 
 of James I., is suspended over the entrance from the 
 vestibule. By a concealed door in the tapestry, at 
 the north-west corner of the apartment, we enter 
 
 IV. 
 
 THE DRESSrNG ROOM. 
 
 In this chamber, which is of much smaller dimen- 
 sions than the preceding, are the following pictures : — 
 
 The Genii of the Arts Stroehling w 
 
 This is a beautiful allegorical picture of considerable size. It was 
 painted for the late Emperor Paul of Russia. 
 
 A whole-length portrait of Philip III. 
 
 of Spain. e 
 
 The Black Page Rubens. e 
 
 A Female Head e 
 Portrait of Mrs. Jane Middleton, from 
 
 the original of Sir Peter Lely. w 
 
 . A pair of views of Italian ruins, with banditti. w 
 
 The prospect from this apartment is towards the 
 east, and commands a fine extent of country. 
 From hence we approach 
 
 V. 
 
 THE BED-CHAMBER. 
 
 The tapestry of this room is wrought with gold and 
 silver, and represents Auroclotus, King of Phrygia, 
 and his three daughters, weephig to death by the side 
 of the Helicon ; the story of Pandora's box ; and the 
 amours of Cupid and Psyche. Over the chimney is 
 a fine original portrait of Henry IV. on wood, and 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 heightened with gold. Below it is the celebrated 
 print from Stothard's picture of Chaucer's Pilgrims. 
 
 These apartments were formerly appropriated for 
 the habitation of state prisoners of high rank. It was 
 therefore within these walls that the Kings of France 
 and Scotland were at the same time subjected to the 
 restraint of an honourable captivity by Edward III. 
 Here also was confined the illustrious Henry Earl 
 of Surrey, the restorer of English poetry, for an 
 offence which is stated to have been no greater than 
 that of having violated the canons of the Church by 
 eating flesh in Lent. The last prisoner who inhabited 
 these chambers was the Marshal Belleisle. 
 
 The other apartments having nothing in them worthy 
 attention, we proceed to the parapet of the tower, on 
 the leads of which is placed the Royal Standard, four- 
 teen yards in length and eight broad, which is hoisted 
 whenever the King is at Windsor, and on all state 
 holidays. The Union, which is nine yards by six, is 
 hoisted whenever the Governor is present, provided 
 the King be not there. 
 
 This tower commands a most delightful and exten- 
 sive prospect, as the reader will readily conceive 
 from the following inscription written on a board 
 placed against the wall : — 
 
 " A list of the bounties to be seen from the top of the Round 
 Tower. 
 
 1. Middlesex. 7, Wilts. 
 
 2. Essex. 8. Hants. 
 
 3. Hertford. 9. Surrey, 
 
 4. Bucks. 10. Sussex. 
 
 5. Berks, 11. Kent, 
 
 6. Oxford. 12. Bedford. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 73 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 
 THE LOWER WARD. 
 
 The Lower Ward, or Court, is far more spacious 
 than the Upper, and is divided into two parts by the 
 Collegiate Chapel of St. George. On the north, or 
 inner, side are the houses and apartments of the Dean 
 and Canons, Minor Canons, Clerks, Verger, and 
 other officers of the foundation, and on the south and 
 west sides are the houses of the Poor Knights, the 
 principal Gate Tower, and Guard Rooms, &c. 
 
 In this Ward are also several Tow^ers, belonging to 
 the Officers of the Crown, and the Order of the Garter; 
 namely, to the Bishop of Winchester, Prelate ; and 
 the Bishop of Salisbury, Chancellor ; formerly there 
 was also a tower belonging to Garter, King at Arms, 
 but very little of it is now remaining. Here is also the 
 Store Tower, and the G uard Chamber,* and Court of 
 Record, as mentioned in the preceding chapter. 
 
 * The room occtipied as a guard chamber, as also the apartments 
 for the commanding officer, and the officer on guard, were on the east 
 side of the deaner}' ; but apartments for the first and last mentioned 
 purposes have lately been fitted up, in a most commodious manner, 
 out of several rooms belonging to the tovi'er at the entrance into the 
 Lower Ward, formerly used for the residence of the gaoler be- 
 longing to the Court of Record, and as places of confinement for 
 
 H 
 
74 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 The buildings which form the south side of this 
 Ward, are the houses of the Poor Knights of the 
 Hoyal foundation. These residences, of which there 
 are thirteen, are erected against the Castle wall, and 
 are separated in the midst by a square tower, which 
 forms the residence of the Governor of the Poor 
 Knights. In front of one of the houses, to the left of 
 this, is an emblazonment of St. George's Cross sur- 
 rounded by the Garter. The building thus distin- 
 guished is called the Hall of the Garter, and was 
 originally intended as the refectory of the Knights. 
 These houses are commodious, and the rooms of 
 rather large dimensions. 
 
 Beyond the Gate Tower, at the west end of the 
 Ward, looking towards the Keep, are the residences 
 of the Knights upon the foundation of Sir Peter Le 
 Maire. These occupy the site of certain buildings 
 erected by Henry IV. for the use of the officers of 
 the Chapel, which were afterwards destroyed. 
 
 Passing through a low gateway near the west end 
 of the Chapel of St. George, we approach the resi- 
 dences of the Minor Canons and Lay Clerks, erected 
 by Edward IV. in the form of one of his royal badges, 
 a Fetterlock, The entrances to these habitations are 
 low and dark. The whole range of building is com- 
 monly denominated The Horse- shoe Cloisters." 
 
 The apartments in the deanery, which were con- 
 debtors and persons charged with misdemeanours. The Court-room 
 is now converted into a magazine or store-room. These removals 
 were in consequence of an intention to erect barracks on the sites of 
 the old premises above-mentioned, but which are much more fitly built 
 in Sheet-street. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 75 
 
 siderably repaired by Dean Keppel, are large and 
 commodious ; and in the great passage leading to an 
 apartment called the Garter-room, are hung up the 
 arms of the Sovereign and Knights Companions of the 
 Garter. In this room is an ancient screen, on which 
 are blazoned the arms of King Edward III. and the 
 several Sovereigns and Knights Companions from the 
 foundation to the present time. 
 
 In this room the Knights meet and robe on the 
 morning of installation, and proceed from hence to 
 St. George's Chapel. 
 
 In the Inner Cloisters are the houses of the several 
 Prebendaries, and at the lower end is the library 
 belonging to the College ; the inside of which is neat, 
 though not elegant. It is well furnished with eccle- 
 siastical writers, and books of polite literature, and 
 received a considerable addition from the Earl of 
 Ranelagh, who bequeathed his valuable library to the 
 College. The houses command a most beautiful 
 prospect of the river Thames, and of the adjoining 
 counties. 
 
 Through a doorway on the north side of the Inner 
 Cloisters we descend, by 18 steps in the Castle wall, 
 to the Gate of the Hundred Steps, situated at the base 
 of a small square tower. From a platform in front of 
 this outlet, a descent of 122 steps, winding along the 
 face of the hill, affords a convenient communication 
 with the lower part of the town, the bridge, and 
 Eton. 
 
 H 2 
 
76 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 CHAP. VI. 
 
 THE CHAPEL OF ST. GEORGE. 
 
 This Royal Chapel is situated on the same site on 
 which before stood a chapel erected by King Henry Ic 
 dedicated to King Edward the Confessor. The Chapel 
 of St. George was built by Edward III. in the year 
 1337, a short time after the foundation of the College 
 of the new-established Order of the Garter; but King 
 EdwardlV., not esteeming the fabric sufficiently large 
 and stately, improved the structure, and designed the 
 present building, together with the houses of the 
 Dean and Canons. It was afterwards greatly im- 
 proved by Henry VII. and Henry VIII. 
 
 The inside of this Chapel is universally admired 
 for its neatness and gothic magnificence ; the stone 
 roof is esteemed a most excellent piece of workman- 
 ship ; it is an ellipsis, supported by pillars of ancient 
 gothic architecture, whose ribs and groins sustain the 
 whole ceiling with admirable beauty and elegance. 
 Every part of this lofty ceiling has a different device, 
 executed to great perfection, as the arms of Edward 
 the Confessor, Edward III., Edward the Black 
 Prince, Henry VI., Edward IV., Henry VIL, and 
 Henry VIII. ; the arms of France and England 
 quarterly, the holy cross, the shield or cross of St 
 George, the rose, portcullis, lion rampant, unicorn 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 77 
 
 fleur de-lis, dragon^ Prince's feathers, &c. ; also the 
 arms of Bourchier, Stafford, Hastings, Beaufort, 
 Manners, and other noble families. 
 
 It would but tire the reader to give a description 
 of the various devices and different representations 
 that are on the several parts of the ceiling; we shall 
 therefore only further point out to him, that upon bosses 
 in the nave are curiously designed and blazoned the 
 arms of Henry VIII., Sovereign, and several Knights 
 Companions of the Garter, anno 1528, among which are 
 the arms of Charles V. Emperor of Germany, Francis 
 I, King of France, Ferdinand Infant of Spain and 
 King of the Romans. The arms of the other Knights 
 Companions, with those of the Prelate, are regularly 
 disposed. In the interval between the years 1776 and 
 1789, this beautiful chapel was thoroughly repaired ; 
 the centre and side aisles newly paved with Painswick 
 stone,* the columns, sides, and ceilings cleaned; and 
 the several arms already mentioned, painted and pro- 
 perly emblazoned. The expenses of the repairs and 
 additions to this chapel, during the last-mentioned 
 period, amounted to upwards of 20,000Z.t 
 
 * Previous to this, a ground plan of the whole, i. e, of the grave 
 stones was taken, in order to ascertain, on any future occasion, the 
 respective situation of the relics which they once covered 3 but as 
 many of these records of the dead were greatly defaced by time, and 
 the families to which others related being extinct, none but those that 
 are most entire, or that belong to the most eminent persons, have been 
 preserved. These are indifferently placed between the pillars that 
 divide the centre from the side aisles, and in the centre of the aisles on 
 each side of the choir. 
 
 t The whole expense of the chapel on the Chapter, from the year 
 177G to 1789, amounted to 5,833/. 95. lid. His Majesty's expense 
 was not less than 15,000/. 
 
 H 3 
 
78 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 THE CHOIR. 
 
 This choir, which was built by King Edward III., 
 and afterwards greatly ornamented in the reigns of 
 Edward IV. and Henry VII. with curious carvings, 
 that show the genius and industry of the artists in 
 those days, is set apart for the more immediate service 
 of Almighty God; the installation of the Knights of 
 tbe Garter ; and as a repository of honour of this most 
 noble order of knighthood. 
 
 It is separated from the body of the church, at the 
 west end, by the organ gallery, under which, on each 
 side of the choir door, facing the body of the church, 
 were formerly seats or pews; but these, together with 
 the organ erected soon after the restoration of Charles 
 IL, were taken down in 1789, and the organ, as 
 before observed, removed to the parish church. The 
 present organ-loft is built of Coade's artificial stone, 
 and makes a very considerable addition to the ele- 
 gance of the chapel. The roof and columns which 
 support the loft form a light and beautiful colonade, 
 are in exact uniformity with the rest of the chapel, 
 and embellished with several devices peculiar to the 
 sovereign and the order ; as the cyphers G. R. III. 
 within the garter, the George, the rose, a knight's 
 cap and helmet, &c. &c. The stone work of the loft 
 is said to have cost 1500Z. 
 
 The organ, erected by Mr. Green, for which we are 
 told he received a thousand guineas from the King, is 
 supposed to be superior to any in the kingdom, par- 
 ticularly in its swell. The organ case was built by 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 79 
 
 Mr. Emlyn, and is in the gothic style, corresponding 
 with the canopies, &c. 
 
 The arrangement of the seats is well calculated for 
 the service of divine worship, which is performed here 
 every morning and evening. 
 
 On the right hand of the west, or principal, entrance 
 into the choir, is the Sovereign's stall, vs^hich was 
 covered with purple velvet and cloth of gold, and had 
 a canopy, curtains, and cushions of the same, trimmed 
 v^ith broad gold fringe. This was removed in 1788, 
 and a new one erected, under the direction of Mr. 
 Emlyn, carved in a neat gothic style. In the centre 
 are the arms of the Sovereign, encircled with laurel, 
 and crowned with the royal diadem, the whole sur- 
 rounded v/ith fleurs-de-lis, and the star of the order, 
 with G. H. properly disposed. The curtains and 
 cushions are of blue velvet, fringed with gold. The 
 sovereign's banner is of rich velvet, and much longer 
 than those of the Knights Companions, and his 
 mantling is of gold brocade. 
 
 The Prince's stall, now the Duke of York's, is on 
 the left hand of the entrance, and is not distinguished 
 from those of the other Knights Companions ; the 
 whole society being, according to the statutes of 
 institution, companions and colleagues of equal honour 
 and power. 
 
 The stalls of the Knights Companions of the most 
 noble order of the Garter are on each side of the 
 choir, with the mantle, helmet, crest, and sword of 
 each Knight set over the stall, on a canopy of ancient 
 carving, curiously wrought ; and over the canopy is 
 placed the banner or arms of each Knight, properly 
 
80 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 blazoned on silk ; and on the back of the stalls are 
 the titles of the Knights, with their arms^ engraved 
 and blazoned on copper. These ensigns of honour 
 are removed according to the succession of the Knights 
 in the order ; and after his decease, and at the instal- 
 lation of his successor, (if not performed before by 
 order of the Sovereign,) the banner, helmet, sword, 
 &c. of the deceased Knight are with great solemnity 
 offered up at the altar; but the plate of his titles 
 remains in his stall as a perpetual memorial to his 
 honour. 
 
 The stalls of the Knights display a profusion of 
 carved work. On the pedestals of the canopies is 
 represented the history of our Saviour from his nativity 
 to his ascension. On the front of the stalls, at the 
 west end of the choir, is also carved the history of 
 St. George ; and on the outside of the upper seat, upon 
 a fillet which continues the whole length of the stalls, 
 is the twentieth psalm^, cut in old Saxon characters, 
 supposed to be designed as a prayer or petition for 
 the Founder of the Order, and its future Sovereigns. 
 On the front of the new stalls are carved the attempt 
 of Margaret Nicholson to stab the late King, a repre- 
 sentation of the Queen's charity school, the procession 
 of the King to St. Paul's on the occasion of his re- 
 covery in the year 1789, and the ceremony which took 
 place in the cathedral upon that occasion. 
 
 In consequence of an addition to the number of 
 Knights Companions, four new stalls were added in 
 1814, and two in 1815. The present arrangement of 
 the stalls is shown by the accompanying scheme: — 
 
sifsif J' 
 
 g " o 
 
 :MDUKE OF GLOUCESTER ^ 
 
 INKING OF FRANCE 
 
 ^KING OF PRUSSIA 
 
 INKING OF THE NETHERLANDS 
 
 W 
 
 IKING OF PORTUGAL 
 
 imPRINCE LEOPOLD 
 
 r^EARL OF WESTMORELAND 
 
 EEARL SPENCER 
 
 IDUKE OF RUTLAND 
 
 :^DUKE OF BEAUFORT 
 
 ^MARQUIS OF WINCHELSEA 
 
 ^EARL OF LONSDALE 
 
 ::^DUKE OF MONTROSE 
 
 IDUKE OF NEWCASTLE 
 
 ^EARL OF LIVERPOOL 
 
 i^MARQUIS OF ANGLESEA 
 
 |DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM 
 
 IMARQUIS OF HERTFORD 
 
 EARL OF PEMBROKE-^* 
 
 MARQUIS OF STAFFORDi 
 
 MARQUIS WELLESLEY^ 
 MARQUIS OF HASTINGS^: 
 DUKE OF WELLINGTON J 
 EARL BATHu"^^j: 
 DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND^: 
 
 MARQUIS CHOLMONDELY 
 MARQUIS OF BATH| 
 
82 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 The carved work of this choir, as well as most 
 parts of the ceiling, abound with a variety of imagery, 
 and several figures of Patriarchs, Kings, &c. Some 
 these were greatly defaced, and others totally de- 
 stroyed ; but the face of the whole is nov/ nearly 
 restored to its original state of neatness, and many 
 parts added, depicting some occurrences of the late 
 reign. 
 
 The altar was formerly adorned with costly hang- 
 ings of crimson velvet and gold, which, together with 
 other furniture appropriated to the use of the altar, 
 amounting to 3580 ounces of wrought plate, of the 
 most curious workmanship, were, in 1642, seized, 
 under colour of parliamentary authority, by Captain 
 Fogg, on a general plunder of this royal foundation. 
 This sacrilege was in a great measure compensated 
 to the College on the Restoration of King Charles II., 
 who, with the Knights Companions, subscribed 
 liberally to supply the altar with all things necessary 
 for its decent service and ornament. The royal 
 example was also followed by many well-disposed 
 persons; and the altar plate, which is curiously 
 wrought and gilt, was dedicated to the honour of 
 God, and the service of the Sovereign and Knights 
 Companions of the Most Noble Order of the Garter. 
 
 King Charles II. ornamented the altar with twenty- 
 two panels of tissue and purple damask ; it was like- 
 wise further decorated with two pieces of arras, one 
 representing Christ and his Disciples at Supper, given 
 by Dr. Bryan, Bishop of Winchester ; the other, 
 Christ and his two Disciples at Emmaus, from an 
 original of Titian, and presented to the College by 
 Lady Mordaunt ; both of which were appropriated to 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 83 
 
 the use of the altar till the year 1707, when, on moving 
 the wainscot in Urswick Chapel, was found a painting 
 of the Last Supper; this had formerly been secreted 
 in the time of plunder, and being highly approved of 
 by Sir James Thornhili, Verrio, and other eminent 
 masters, it was repaired and affixed over the Com- 
 munion Table, where it remained till the general repair 
 of the Chapel in 1788, when it was removed to the 
 Parish Church, as mentioned in page 11. 
 
 The repairs and alterations of the altar made by 
 his late Majesty, will be lasting monuments of the 
 flourishing state of the arts in those days. The paint- 
 ing of the Last Supper, together with the curious 
 carved wainscot that surrounds it, was by the desire, 
 and at the sole expense, of the King. The painting is 
 by the late Benjamin West, Esq. and is executed in 
 his early, and, as it is generally thought, his best 
 style of colouring. The design, however, has been 
 considered somewhat ill conceived ; the very pro- 
 minent countenance of Judas being so expressive of 
 malignity and deception, as to justify the remark, 
 that the suspicion naturally excited by such a 
 marked display of features would have rendered abor- 
 tive any attempt of the possessor of them to succeed 
 in his designs. The right leg and foot of Judas are 
 perhaps, after all, the only real objects of dissatis- 
 faction in the composition; these are so evidently out 
 of all proportion with the rest of the picture, as renders 
 the discrepancy too obvious to be passed over without 
 remark. The wainscot was designed by Mr. Thomas 
 Sandby, and executed under the inspection of Mr. 
 Emlyn. The various representations consist of the 
 
84 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 arms of Edward III., Edward the Black Prince^ 
 and those of the origmal Knights,* with several 
 ensigns of the Order of the Garter ; also of pelicans, 
 wheat, grapes, sacramental vessels and symbols, 
 neatly executed, and disposed with infinite taste; 
 forming, independent of the exquisite workmanship, 
 a pleasing picture. 
 
 PAINTED WINDOWS. 
 
 The objects that most generally attract the at- 
 tention of strangers, on their first entrance into this 
 Chapel, next to the Gothic magnificence of its ar- 
 chitecture, are the brilliancy and exquisite skill dis- 
 played in some of the principal windows ; the first of 
 these, as to the order of time f when it was brought 
 into its present state, is the — 
 
 * These arms are displayed within two circular compartments : for 
 the names of the Knights, see Chap. YIII. 
 
 t This window was restored to the beautiful state in which it now 
 appears, in the year 1774, at the expense of about 600/. by the Dean 
 and Chapter, under the direction of Dr. Lockman, who collected all 
 the remains of the ancient painted glass that were dispersed through 
 different parts of the building. 
 
 Splendid as this window is now thought, yet, not having the claim 
 to admiration that a regular and perfect composition would have, it 
 was intended to render the beauty of this chapel still more complete 
 by having this window in a similar style with those painted by Messrs. 
 Jarvis and Forest. For this purpose Mr. West, in 1797, exhibited to 
 his Majesty a Cartoon of the Crucifixion, which being highly approved, 
 Mr. Forest was engaged to paint it on glass ; to complete which it 
 was supposed would require sixteen or seventeen years. In 1809, Mr. 
 Forest had been intensely engaged on this v^indow for ten years, 
 and had completely painted about 500 square feet of glass, forming 
 the principal part of the subject • a considerable part more was 
 painted ready for burning in, when his death ssspeadcd the com- 
 pletion of the design. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 85 
 
 LARGE WEST WINDOW. 
 
 The window at the west end of the body of the 
 church is composed of 80 compartments, or lights, 
 each six feet high, by one foot five inches wide ; the 
 whole beautifully ornamented with fine stained glass, 
 consisting of a variety of figures, as Patriarchs, 
 Bishops, and other canonical characters ; St. Peter, 
 St. Alexander, King Solomon, Edward the Confessor, 
 Edward IV., and Henry VIII. In many of the 
 compartmen^ts is St. George's Cross, encompassed 
 with the Garter, the arms of the College ; here are 
 also the arms of the Bishops of London and Bristol. 
 
 The next as to magnitude and date> but which, as 
 to its excellence, should have been first, is the 
 
 WINDOW OVER THE ALTAR. 
 
 The subject of this is the Resurrection ; it is di- 
 vided into three compartments. In the centre is Our 
 Saviour ascending from the Sepulchre, preceded by 
 the Angel of the Lord, above whom, in the clouds, is 
 an host of Cherubims and Seraphims, and among 
 these is a portrait of their Majesties' son, Octavius. 
 In the front ground are the Roman Soldiers, thrown 
 into various postures with horror and confusion, and 
 gazing with terror and astonishment at Christ in his 
 Ascension. 
 
 In the right hand compartment are represented 
 Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James, and 
 Salome, approaching the Sepulchre with unguents and 
 spices to anoint the body of their Divine Master. 
 
 In the left hand division are Peter and John, who 
 I 
 
86 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 are supposed to have been informed by Mary Mag- 
 dalene that the body of Christ was missing, and are 
 running towards the Sepulchre. Their countenances 
 are expressive of the greatest anxiety and astonish- 
 ment. This masterly performance was designed by 
 B. West, Esq. in 1785, and executed by Mr. Jarvis, 
 assisted by Mr. Forest, between that period and the 
 year 1788. In viewing this most splendid window, 
 the spectator is at a loss which most to admire, the 
 genius of Mr. West in the design, or the exquisite 
 skill of Messrs. Jarvis and Forest in the execution 
 of it. The painting this window, we are told, 
 cost 4000/.* 
 
 The next are the six upper 
 
 WINDOWS OF THE CHOIR, 
 
 Containing the Arms of the Knights^ 
 In three of the windows, on each side of the altar, 
 
 * The idea of having so magnificent an ornament added to the most 
 elegant gothic church of its size now existing, was first conceived by 
 his present Majesty, who ordered Dr. Lockman to propose a plan for 
 putting it into execution. In consequence of that command, and knowing 
 that the Sovereign and Knights of the Order of the Garter had always 
 been applied to, and had graciously condescended to subscribe to any 
 ornaments tending to the magnificence of the place of their instalment. 
 Dr. L. ventured in 1782 to propose a subscription by the Sovereign 
 and Companions of the Order, the Dean and Chapter of Windsor, and 
 also the Prelate and Chancellor of the Order of the Garter, 
 
 This proposal was graciously accepted by his Majesty, who im- 
 mediately sent nine hundred guineas to Dr. L. viz. 500/. ^or himself, 
 200/. for the Prince of Wales, 100/. for the Duke of York, and 100/. 
 for the Duke of Clarence, with permission to apply to the Knights 
 iu his Majesty's name, as wishing success to the plan. The whole 
 subscription consequently received by Dr. Lockman amounted to 
 3,347/. 10*., exclusive of a further gift of 700/. bj hi^ Majesty. 
 
THK 
 
 WINDSOR 
 
 GUIDE. 
 
 87 
 
 are the Arms of the Sovereign, and Knights Com- 
 panions of the Order of the Garter. Those of the 
 former have the supporters, couchant, but the sup- 
 porters of the other Knights are omitted. Over the 
 emblazonment of each Knight, which is upon a small 
 shield encompassed with the Garter, is his crest and 
 coronet; beneath it is the Star of the Order, with 
 the Badge, pendant to a blue riband, upon which the 
 name and title is inscribed in letters of gold. 
 They are arranged as follows : — 
 
 ^ SOUTH SIDE, BEGINNING WESTWARD. 
 
 FIRST WINDOW. 
 
 G. R. 1782. 
 
 I. Prince Will. Henry Duke of VI. Henry Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 Gloucester. VII. Hugh Duke of Northuniber- 
 
 II. Prince Ferdinand Duke of land. 
 
 Brunswick. VIII. Charles Marquis of Rock- 
 
 III. Prince Henry Fred. Duke of ingham. 
 
 Cumberland. IX. George D. of Marlborough. 
 
 IV. William Henry Duke of X. Granville Earl Gower. 
 Brunswick Lunenberg. XI. Thomas Viscount Weymouth. 
 
 V. Charles Prince D. of Bruns- XII. William Earl of Shelburne. 
 
 wick. 
 
 SECOND WINDOW. 
 
 G. 1799. 
 
 I. Prince Edward D. of Kent. X. Hugh Duke of Northumber- 
 
 II. Prince Ernest D. of Cumber- land. 
 
 land. XI. Prince Ernest Duke of Saxe 
 
 III. Prince Augustus. Gotha. 
 
 IV. Prince Adolphus. XII Francis Duke of Leeds. 
 
 V. Prince William of Gloucester. XIII. Richard Marquis of Buck- 
 
 VI. Henry Duke of Beaufort. ingham. 
 
 VII. George Marquis of Bucking- XIV. HughDuke of Northumber- 
 ham. land. 
 
 VIII. Charles MarquisCornwallis. XV. Henry Marquis of Anglesea* 
 
 IX. Frederick Duke of Dorset XVt, Henry Earl Bathurst. 
 
 I 2 
 
88 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 THIRD WINDOW. 
 
 G. R. 1799. 
 
 I. John Earl ofChatliam. 
 
 II. James Marquis of Salisbury. 
 
 III. John Earl of Westmorland. 
 
 IV. Frederick Earl of Carlisle. 
 
 V. Henry Duke of Buccleugh. 
 
 VI. William Henry Duke of Port- 
 land. 
 
 VII. Richard Earl Howe. 
 
 VIII. George John Earl Spencer. 
 
 IX. John Earl Camden. 
 
 X. John Duke of Roxburgh. 
 
 XI. John Henry Duke of Rut- 
 land. 
 
 XII. Philip Earl of Hard wi eke. 
 
 XIII. Francis Charles Marquis 
 of Hertford. 
 
 XIV. George James Marquis of 
 Cholmondeley. 
 
 XV. John King of Portugal. 
 
 XVI. FrederickKing of Denmark. 
 
 NORTH SIDE, BEGINNING WESTWARD. 
 
 FIRST WINDOW. 
 
 G. R. 1782. 
 
 I. Frederick Prince of Hesse VI. George Duke of Montagu. 
 
 Cassel. VII, Francis Earl of Hertford. 
 
 II. William Prince of Orange. VIII. John Earl of Bute. 
 
 III. Frederick AugustusP.Bishop IX. Augustus Duke of Grafton, 
 of Osnaburg. X. Sir Frederick North. 
 
 IV. Adolphus Duke of Mecklen- XI. William Duke of Devonshire, 
 burg. XII. Charles Duke of Rutland. 
 
 V. Thomas Duke of Leeds. 
 
 SECOND WINDOW. 
 G. R. 1805. 
 
 I. Henry Duke of Beaufort. 
 
 II. John James M. of Abercorn. 
 
 III. George Earl of Pembroke. 
 
 IV. George Earl of Winchelsea. 
 
 V. Philip Earl of Chesterfield. 
 
 VI. George Earl of Dartmouth. 
 
 VII. George Marquis of Stafford. 
 
 VIII. Henry Marquis of Hertford. 
 
 IX. William Earl of Lonsdale. 
 
 X. Richard Marquis Wellesley. 
 
 XI. Charles Duke of Richmond. 
 
 XII. James Duke of Montrose. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 89 
 
 THIRD WINDOW. 
 
 Q, R. 1812. 
 
 I. Francis Earl Moira. VIII. Robert Banks Earl of 
 
 II. Henry Pelhara Duke of New- Liverpool. 
 
 castle. IX. Robert Viscount Casflereagh. 
 
 II r.ArtburMarquis of Wellington. X. Ferdinand King of Spain. 
 
 IV. Alexander Emperor of Russia. XI. Wm. Prince of the Nether- 
 
 V. Louis XVIII. King of France. lands. 
 
 VI. Frederick William King of XII. Frederick Prince of Saxe 
 Prussia. Cobourg. 
 
 VII. Francis Emperor of Austria. 
 
 EAST WINDOW IN THE SOUTH AISLE. 
 
 This was put up in June, 1792, and is painted in 
 half tints by Mr. Forest, who assisted Mr. Jarvis in 
 the great window, from a design of Mr. West's ; it is 
 a striking representation of tlie Angel appearing unto 
 the Shepherds, announcing the Nativity of our Saviour, 
 Over the principal angels, whose countenances are 
 animated beyond description, is written, Glory to 
 God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will 
 towards men." On different scrolls, held by the rest 
 of the heavenly host, are parts of sentences from 
 Luke, chap. ii. verses 10 and 11, making together, 
 
 Fear not; for behold I bring you good tidings of 
 great joy which shall be to all people. For unto you 
 is born this day, in the city of David, a Saviour, 
 which is Christ the Lord." At a distance, in the 
 back ground, are the Shepherds, with their sheep and 
 dog, by moonlight. 
 
 The style of painting in this window is different 
 from any we have mentioned; it is well adapted to 
 
 I 3 
 
90 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 the light in which it is placed, and is esteemed a 
 masterly performance. On turning from this, the 
 
 WEST WINDOW IN THE SOUTH AISLE 
 
 Presents a striking proof of the superlative abilities 
 of the last-mentioned artists, in a brilliant represen- 
 tation of the Nativity of Christ. The Virgin Mary is 
 seated with the infant Jesus sleeping in her lap, and 
 Joseph, with the most devoted attention, is holding a 
 lamp, to give light to her whilst she performs her 
 maternal offices. The Angel of the Lord, which is a 
 very beautiful figure, accompanied by a group of 
 Cherubs, appears with an olive branch, and pro- 
 claims peace and happiness to mankind. In the 
 back and fore ground are various objects, either de- 
 scriptive of the mean situation in which the birth of 
 our Saviour happened, or allusive to the oblation 
 which was to be offered up for the redemption of man. 
 This, as has been intimated, was painted by Mr. 
 Forest, from a design of Mr. West's, and was put 
 up in 1794. 
 
 WEST WINDOW IN THE NORTH AISLE. 
 
 This window, which was put up in 1796, is also by 
 Mr. Forest, from a design by B. West, Esq., and is 
 a representation of the Wise Men's Offerings. The 
 painting is not crowded with a vast variety of figures, 
 as we sometimes see in pictures on this subject. It 
 consists of the infant Jesus, in a reclining posture, in 
 the lap of the Virgin Mary, behind whom is Joseph, 
 and in the front are the Wise Men of the East pre- 
 senting Offerings, whose various countenances and 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 91 
 
 habits bespeak them of different and distant countries. 
 Over those is a luminous star, and the Angel of the 
 Lord. The artist in this, as in the other windows, 
 seems strongly to impress on our minds an idea of 
 the mercy and goodness of the Almighty in his scheme 
 of Christian Redemption.* 
 
 MONUMENTS, VAULTS, &C. 
 
 Before we proceed to give a description of the 
 monuments in this Chapel, it may be proper to ac- 
 quaint the reader that most of them were originally 
 founded as chantries, and endowed with lands and 
 other revenues for the maintenance of chaplains and 
 priests, to sing masses there for the repose of their 
 several founders and their kindred. 
 
 Besides the several chantries founded at different 
 times, there was heretofore held and celebrated in 
 this Chapel several anniversaries, or obiits, for the 
 remembrance of pious persons and other benefactors 
 to this Chapel; but as the observance of them has 
 long since been laid aside, we shall omit further 
 mention of them, and observe, that since the Re- 
 formation, four general obiits only are observed an- 
 nually, on the Sundays next preceding the four 
 quarterly feasts, viz. March 25th, June 25th, Sep- 
 tember 29th, and December 25th, in commemoration 
 of the founders, patrons, and benefactors to this 
 
 * It is but seldom that the whole of these windows can be seen to 
 advantage at any one time in the day ; except when the sun is ob- 
 scured by light clouds. When this is not the case, the miost favour- 
 able light for viewing the east windows is from nine to eleven; and, 
 for those at the west end, from three to six. 
 
9^ 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 Church and the Order of the Garter ; at which tinife 
 a particular service is made use of, and the several 
 officers of the church have an additional stipend. 
 
 HENRY VIII, &c. 
 
 Near the ascent to the altar is the Royal Vault 
 in which are deposited the remains of Henry VIII. 
 and his Queen Jane Seymour; King Charles I., 
 and a daughter of Queen Anne. Henry VI. and 
 Edward IV. were also buried in this chapel ; the 
 former in the south, the latter in the north aisle near 
 the altar. The monuments of these princes will be 
 more particularly mentioned, in the order they are 
 exhibited by the sexton in conducting the stranger 
 round this much admired chapel. 
 
 KING EDWARD IV. 
 
 At the east end of the choir on the north side are 
 deposited the remains of Edward IV., in a tomb 
 covered with touchstone, over which is erected a 
 beautiful monument of steel, representing a pair of 
 gates between two gothic towers of curious and 
 elaborate workmanship. The trophies of honour 
 over the Prince's grave were richly ornamented 
 with pearls, rubies, and gold, and hung secure till 
 this chapel was plundered in 1642. An account of 
 the funeral of this Monarch will be found in Ap- 
 pendix E. 
 
 The steel front of this monument formerly faced 
 the north aisle, but is now towards the altar; and in 
 1790, was added, on the back part of it towards the 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 93 
 
 north aisle, a stone monument, chiefly composed of 
 fragments collected from the other parts of the 
 chapel, which contribute greatly to the beauty of the 
 whole. In the front of the monument is a fine black 
 marble slab, and on it, in solid brass old English cha- 
 racters iiHrtoartr luj. Over these are his Arms and 
 Crown, supported by Angels ; and at the base of the 
 monument, on a flat stone, are countersunk, in cha- 
 racters before mentioned, 
 
 3£U>a!ietS mumil 
 
 On a stone adjoining, in like characters, are 
 
 (^mqt, JPulte of iSelrfortr, antr iHar^, 
 fitt5 IBau^Wv of IStrtDartr iuj. 
 
 In the beginning of March, 1789, as the workmen 
 were employed in preparing the ground for a new 
 pavement, they perceived a small aperture in the side 
 of the vault, which curiosity soon rendered sufficiently 
 large to admit an easy entrance to the interior part. 
 This was found to contain a leaden coffin seven feet 
 long, with a perfect skeleton immersed in a glutinous 
 liquid, with which the body is thought to have been 
 embalmed,* as it was near 307 years since its inter- 
 ment. As soon as the labourers had communicated 
 this discovery, the public eagerly flocked to the 
 chapel: many of them found ways and means to 
 gratify their curiosity; and had not a timely check 
 
 * In contradiction to this, some philosophical gentlemen are of 
 opinion, that the liquid and sediment contained in the coffin were 
 simply water and earth; to which all bodies resolve. 
 
94 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 been put to it, the whole of the remains would soon 
 have been dispersed over various parts of the earth ; 
 one secreting some hair, a second a tooth, a third a 
 finger, &c. who now boast their plundered relics of 
 this magnanimous Prince. On the top of the before- 
 mentioned coffin was placed another, supposed to 
 be made of cedar, and to contain the remains of 
 Elizabeth Widville, Queen of Edward IV.; but these 
 were greatly decayed. On the inside of the vault 
 were inscribed several names and characters, which 
 probably were done by the attendants at the funeral, 
 or the workmen employed in the erection of the vault, 
 many of them being written in chalk. None of 
 them immediately appertain to the King, except the 
 name 
 
 In 1805 were interred in a vault near the Sovereign's 
 stall, the remains of William Henry Duke of Glou- 
 cester, brother to his late Majesty; and in 1807, 
 Maria, Duchess Dowager of Gloucester, was buried 
 in the same vault. 
 
 DR. W. WADE. 
 
 In a recess in the aisles, at the back of the altar, 
 is a neat marble monument, erected by Lieut. -Gen. 
 George Wade, in memory of his brother, Dr. William 
 Wade, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and 
 Canon of this Royal Chapel. He died Feb. I, 1732, 
 in the 62d year of his age. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 THEODORE RANDUE. 
 
 Adjoining to the last, in a similar recess, is a mo- 
 nument to the memory of Theodore Randue, Esq., 
 Keeper of Windsor Palace in the reign of Charles 
 II., who died April 30, 1724, in the 82d year of his 
 age. He bequeathed, by his last will, the sum of 
 £4600 to public charities, the particulars of which 
 are inscribed on his tomb. 
 
 The two last-mentioned monuments were originally 
 erected near the west end of the chapel ; the former 
 in the north, the latter in the south aisle, and were 
 removed hither in June, 1789. 
 
 LINCOLN CHAPEL. 
 
 At the south-east corner of this church is a small 
 chapel, wherein are interred the remains of Edward 
 Earl of Lincoln, a nobleman as eminent for his wisdom 
 in the senate as for his naval and military abilities 
 and conduct. The 1st of Edward IV. he was made 
 Admiral of the Fleet sent to Scotland, and afterwards 
 Lord High Admiral of England. After a iife spent 
 honourably and successfully in the service of four 
 illustrious Princes, his Lordship departed this life 
 Jan. 16, 1584, and a handsome monument was erect- 
 ed to his memory by his lady, who is also buried 
 here. * 
 
 This monument is of alabaster, with pillars of por- 
 phyry. On the top are the effigies of his Lordship, 
 lying prostrate on a mat of curious workmanship, 
 dressed in armour, his feet resting on a greyhound, 
 
96 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 collared and chained ; by his side lies his lady, in 
 her robes of state, her head resting on an embroi- 
 dered cushion, and her feet on a monkey. Round 
 the monument are their sons and daughters on their 
 knees. 
 
 This monument, which in many parts was greatly 
 defaced, was repaired in 1789, by order of the Duke 
 of Newcastle. 
 
 On the west side of the chapel are the family 
 arms, curiously sculptured in alabaster and em- 
 blazoned, 
 
 In December, 1795, Sir Henry Clinton, Bart, was 
 interred under the above-mentioned monument * 
 
 BEAUCHAMP, BISHOP OF SALISBURY. 
 
 In an arched tomb, at the east end of the south 
 aisle, lies Richard Beauchamp, Bishop of Salisbury, 
 who was the first Chancellor of the most Noble 
 Order of the Garter; and in an arch opposite to this 
 tomb formerly lay a missal, or breviary, as appears 
 by this inscription underneath : 
 
 * The burial fees paid to the college and the members of the church 
 for the funeral of Sir Henry Clinton, Bart, in December, 1795, were 
 as follows : 
 
 The ground in the Chapel 50/.; the Locum Tenens, 5/. 6*. Sd. ; the 
 Precentor, 2L ISs. 4c/. ; five Canons, 21, each, 10/. ; the Dean's Curate, 
 135. 4rf. ; Seven Minor Canons, 10s. each, 3/. 10s. ; Subchanter* 
 13s. 4f/. ; Organist, 1/. ; Master of the Choristers, 135.4c/.; Twelve 
 Poor Knights, 10s. each, 6/. ; Ten Clerks, 105.each,5/. ;ten Choristers, 
 1/. 135.; Verger, 1/, ; two Sextons, 11. ; Bellringers, 35. 4c/.; Porter, 
 105. ; Organ Blower, 55. ; making a total of 90/. 105.4c/.; exclusive 
 of the charge for digging the grave, making a vault, mending the 
 pavement, &c. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 97 
 
 ^ Who leyde thys booke here ? The Reverend fFader 
 in God, Richard Beauchamp, bisschop of thys Dyo- 
 cesse of Sarysbury. And wherfor ? to thys entent, 
 that Preestis and Ministers of Goddis Churche may 
 here have the occupation thereof, seyying therein 
 theyr divyne servyse, and for all othir that lystyn to 
 sey thereby ther devocyon. Askyth he any spuall 
 mede ? yee, asmouche as oure Lord lyst to reward 
 hym for hys good entent : praying eury man wos dute 
 or devocyon is eased by this booke, they woll sey for 
 hym this comune oryson, Dne Jhu Xye ; knelyng in 
 the presence of thys holy Crosse, for the whyce the 
 Reuerend fFader in God aboveseyd hathe graunted of 
 the tresure of the churche, to eiiy man xl dayys of 
 pardun.' 
 
 On the centre stone of the arch over this part of 
 the aisle is curiously cut a representation of King 
 Edward IV., and the above Bishop, on their knees 
 before the holy cross. 
 
 KING HENRY Vl. 
 
 Historians are much divided concerning the death 
 and burial of this Prince ; but the most received 
 opinion is, that he was murdered in the Tower by 
 Richard Duke of Gloucester, on the 21st of May, 
 1472. His corpse was next day carried to St. Paul's 
 Church, and from thence conveyed by water to 
 Chertsey, in Surrey, and buried ; but it was removed 
 from thence in the reign of Richard III. to this choir, 
 and a second time interred. From the sanctity of this 
 Prince's life, a general opinion prevailed that miracles 
 
 K 
 
98 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 were wrought through his intercession : his relics 
 were therefore had in such veneration, that Henry 
 Vll. applied to the Court of Rome for his admission 
 into the Calendar of Saints, and also for a license 
 from the Pope to remove the body from Windsor to 
 Westminster Abbey, to be interred with great solem- 
 nity, probably in his new erected chapel ; but the 
 exorbitant demands of the Church of Rome not 
 agreeing with the avaricious temper of Henry VIT., 
 the first intention was dropped, and the latter laid 
 aside. From this application the report probably 
 gained credit, that the royal body was actually re- 
 moved ; yet it is evident, from the will of that Prince, 
 that it never was put into execution. The whole arch 
 under which this Prince is interred, was, according 
 to the will of Henry VII.. sumptuously decorated, 
 and there at present appears on the centre stone the 
 royal arms, supported by two antelopes, chained 
 together with a golden chain, which, on the late 
 repair of the chapel, were cleaned and emblazoned; 
 but the various ensigns and devices on the different 
 parts of the arch were totally obliterated. 
 
 Though it be pretty evident from the above particu- 
 lars that the remains of Henry are deposited in this 
 chapel, yet, as some may still have their doubts on 
 the subject, it is to be regretted that the very rude 
 treatment shown to the bones of Edward, should 
 have operated to suppress that desire of information 
 respecting Henry, which otherwise might have been 
 easily and decently gratified at the time the chapel 
 was repairing ; as it was, not a single brick belonging 
 to this vault was suffered to be removed, notwith- 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 99 
 
 standing the workmen had occasion to dig down 
 several feet close by the side of it. 
 
 CHARLES I. 
 
 In April, 1813, whilst the workmen were employed 
 in making a subterraneous passage from the middle of 
 the Choir to the new Royal Mausoleum, they acci- 
 dentally broke away a part of the vault of Henry 
 VIII., but which was not then opened. The precise 
 spot of Henry's vault being thus ascertained, and as 
 some historians have given different accounts concern- 
 ing the place of interment of Charles, 1., in particular 
 Lord Clarendon intimating, in his history of the He- 
 bellion, that, on search made by order of King Charles 
 II. after the Restoration, the body could not be found > 
 a strong desire prevailed to satisfy the doubts thus 
 excited. The Prince Regent being at Windsor on 
 Thursday, April 1, the day after the funeral of her 
 late Royal Highness the Duchess of Brunswick, was 
 consulted about the mode of exploring these Royal 
 remains, which he directed to be immediately done in 
 his presence. Sir H. Halford attended his Royal 
 Highness to the vault; when the leaden coffin was 
 cut open by the plumber, from the head to a little 
 below the chest, a body appeared covered over with 
 a cerecloth ; on carefully stripping the head and face, 
 the countenance of Charles I. immediately appeared, 
 in features apparently perfect as when he lived. The 
 severed head had been carefully adjusted to the 
 shoulders ; and the most perfect resemblance to the 
 portraits was remarked in the oval shape of the head^ 
 
 K 2 
 
100 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 the pointed beard, &c. On lifting up the head, the 
 fissure made by the axe was clearly discovered by 
 Sir Henry Halford ; and the flesh, though somewhat 
 darkened, was found to be in a tolerably perfect state. 
 (See Appendix E.) In the same vault was also found a 
 decayed leaden coffin, containing the remains of Henry 
 VIII. , which consisted of nothing more than the skull, 
 with some hair on the chin, and the principal limb 
 bones, in a perfect state. There were also found in this 
 vault the coffins of Queen Jane Seymour, and of a still- 
 born child of Queen Anne. 
 
 CHARLES BRANDON. 
 
 Near the south door of the Choir is buried Charles 
 Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, who married Mary Queen 
 Dowager of France, and sister to King Henry VIII. 
 
 On a marble tablet was formerly this inscription : 
 
 Here lies Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, who married King 
 Henry Vlllth's sister, and died in his reign, August, 1545, and was 
 buried at the King's own charge. 
 
 Nothing now remains to distinguish the grave of 
 the duke but a black marble grave-stone, with this 
 simple inscription — ^ Charles Brandon.' 
 
 OXENBRIDGE CHAPEL. 
 
 Farther, towards the south door of the Chapel, is 
 a small chantry dedicated to St. John the Baptist, 
 erected, in 1522, by John Oxenbridge, canon and 
 benefactor to this Church. The screen is in the 
 gothic style. Over the door is a lion rampant, en- 
 circled with escalops, and the rebus of the founder's 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 101 
 
 name ; viz. an Ox, the letter N, and a Bridge. 
 Within this Chapel is painted St. John the Baptist 
 preaching in the Wilderness ; his head delivered to 
 the daughter of Herodias ; and the damsel presenting 
 it to Herod. 
 
 ALDWORTH CHAPEL. 
 
 Contiguous to that which we last described, is a 
 small chapel, wherein are deposited, under a table 
 tomb, the remains of Dr. Oliver King, Bishop of Bath 
 and Wells^ and Registrar of the Order of the Garter. 
 Several of the family of Aldworth are also interred 
 here, from which circumstance it takes its present 
 name ; though it evidently appears to have been built 
 by Bishop King, from the paintings on the wall, and 
 other devices relating to that Prelate. 
 
 These paintings are greatly decayed, and probably 
 will soon be entirely obliterated, as they are not in a 
 style to merit preservation. 
 
 Opposite to Aldworth Chapel are painted, on pan- 
 nels of oak, carved and decorated with the arms, 
 devices, and bearings peculiar to each Prince, the 
 portraits at full length of 
 
 Prince Edward, son to Henry VI. 
 
 King Edward IV. and 
 
 King Henry VII. 
 
 Underneath these paintings is a Latin inscription^ 
 desiring the reader to pray for the soul of Mr. Oliver 
 King, professor of law, chief secretary to the abave 
 princes, <^c. who, as before observed, lies buried in 
 the adjoining chapel. 
 
 K 3 
 
102 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 Beneath this inscription is a black marble tablet, 
 in which are aflixed in old English characters of solid 
 brass — 
 
 aittr M^via ]Butf\m 
 1805 of Gloucester 1807 
 antr 
 
 ISe '^viMtm (Earolme Augusta M^via, 
 2iietrl775.i£tat.8i^ontfjs, 
 
 Immediately beyond this tablet is the stone screen, 
 formerly belonging to Urswick's Chapel, at the north 
 west end of the Nave, but removed in consequence 
 of the intended erection of the Cenotaph of the late 
 Princess Charlotte upon that spot. A Latin inscrip- 
 tion is painted upon the screen which is thus rendered 
 in English : 
 
 * Pray for the Souls of King Henry VII. and Christofyr Urswick, 
 sometime Lord Almoner to the King, and Dean of this Chapel. Hail 
 Mary and blessed be thy holy mother Anne from whom thy most pure 
 Virgin flesh issued without stain. Amen. God have mercy on the 
 Souls of King Harry the Seventh, and Crystofer Urswick, and all 
 Christian Souls. Amen. O God who by thy only begotten son didst 
 redeem mankind, being incarnate of the Virgin womb, and having 
 suffered death, deliver, we beseech thee, the souls of Henry VII. and 
 Chrystofyr, and all those whom Clirystofyr offended during life, from 
 eternal death, and bring them to eternal life. Amen. God have mercy. 
 
 BRAY CHAPEL. 
 
 This chapel was built in the reign of Henry VII . 
 by Sir Reginald Bray, one of the knights companions 
 of the Order of the Garter, who was also a liberal 
 benefactor towards finishing the body of the chapel, 
 as is manifest from his arms, crest, and other devices 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 103 
 
 peculiar to him, being cut and placed in different 
 parts of the roof, and likewise on the beautiful stone 
 screen which divides the chapel from the body of the 
 church. This gentleman was many years in the ser- 
 vice of Margaret, Countess of Richmond and Derby; 
 was highly instrumental in advancing her son Henry 
 VII. to the throne, and in uniting the two royal 
 houses of York and Lancaster, by the marriage of 
 that prince to Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV. 
 To his great abilities as a statesman he joined a happy 
 knowledge of architecture, as this chapel of St.George, 
 and that of Henry VII. at Westminster, sufficiently 
 testify. 
 
 On preparing a vault for Dr. Waterland, a leaden 
 coffin of an ancient form was found, which was ad- 
 judged to be the coffin of Sir Reginald Bray, and 
 was therefore, by order of the dean, immediately 
 arched over. He died 1502. 
 
 DR. GILES THOMSON. 
 
 The first monument, in the order that they are 
 usually exhibited^ is that of Dr. Giles Thomson, 
 Bishop of Gloucester. It is of alabaster, with a bust 
 of the bishop in an episcopal habit, with an inscrip- 
 tion, which may be thus translated : — 
 
 Here lieth Giles Thomson, formerly Dean of this Chapel, whose 
 mind was upright, tongue learned, and hands pure. He was born at 
 London, educated at Oxford, in the College of All Souls ; ever a friend 
 to the good, indigent, and learned. Though his mortal body lies under 
 the earth, his soul is raised by piety to the skies. He was thirteen 
 years Dean of this Chapel , during which he was in manners grave, 
 prudent, and pious. Afterwards he was presented to the Bishopric of 
 Gloucester, by his most Serene Majesty King James, and the following 
 year snatched away by death, June 11, 1G12, aged 59. 
 
104 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 RICHARD WORTLEY. 
 
 Adjoining' to the last is a monument supported by 
 two pillars of a curious marble, and the whole en- 
 compassed with a beautiful foliage. On the tomb is 
 inscribed — 
 
 In obitum Ricliardi Wortley de Wortley, 
 
 In comitala Ebor, 
 Equitis Aurati, qui obiit 25 die Junis, 1603. 
 
 The epitaph is in Latin, and is thus translated : — 
 
 Wortley, the grief and glory of bis age, 
 Of people, king, and knigbts, tbe love and grace. 
 Here lies entomb'd j bis loss bis country grieves, 
 His loss tbe poor, to botb bis aid be gave. 
 When will truth, piety, and tbe sacved train 
 Of virtues, find so good, so great ? man ? 
 One like hini's found, but of female kind. 
 Unlike in sex, bis wife's tbe same in mind. 
 
 WILLIAM FITZ-WILLIAMS. 
 
 The next is an altar monument of grey marble ; and 
 on a plate of copper affixed to the back, is a Latin 
 inscription. In English thus : — 
 
 This tomb is all that remains to you, 
 William Fitz- Williams. 
 Thy scanty lots's confin'd to this small urn. 
 All else from thee by greedy death is torn. 
 Wealth, honour, beauty, all tbe outward grace 
 Which Fortune furnish'd, thou didst once possess ; 
 All but tbe mind and fame : in heaven lives 
 Thy mind, thy fame in every mouth survives. 
 
 He died October 13, 1659. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 lOo 
 
 DR. BRIDEOACK. 
 
 Close to the last mentioned is a marble monument 
 erected to the memory of Dr. Brideoack, Bishop of 
 Chichester, who lies recumbent in his episcopal robes, 
 with a mitre on his head, and a crosier by his side. 
 Over the bishop is a Latin inscription, which we have 
 thus translated : — 
 
 Sacred to the memory of the Reverend Father in Christ, Ralph 
 Brideoack, who put off this mortal life in a good old age in God. 
 He was a man resolutely good and great, yet lowly minded ; a valuable 
 treasure of the Attic, and all sorts of eloquence. During the exile of 
 Charles II. he was stripped of his property ; and, at his return, made 
 Canon of this Chapel, Dean of Salisbury, and afterwards Bishop of 
 Chichester. Hospitable, and "a friend to virtue, he was to his diocese 
 like a father to his family, who, eager for the safety of others, while 
 regardless of his own, in visiting his flock, was seized with the then 
 raging fever, and died in the exercise of his episcopal function, on the 
 9th of October, 1678, in the 64th year of his age. His inconsolable 
 widow has erected this monument to the memory of the best of hus- 
 bands. 
 
 DR. WATERLAND. 
 
 In the middle of this chapel is interred the late 
 reverend and learned Dr. Waterland and his widow; 
 and on a black marble grave stone is inscribed — 
 
 Daniel Waterland, S.T. P. Hujus Ecclesiae Canonicus, 
 Ob. December 23, setat. 58. 
 
 BEAUFORT CHAPEL. 
 
 At the west end of the north aisle is a small chapel 
 dedicated to the Virgin Mary, called Beaufort Chapel, 
 many of that ancient and noble family being buried 
 
106 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 here. In this chapel are two noble marble monu- 
 ments ; one erected to the memory of Charles Somer- 
 set, Earl of Worcester and Knight of the Garter, who 
 died April 15, 1526 ; and his lady Elizabeth, daughter 
 and heiress of William Earl of Huntingdon. The 
 Earl lies dressed in the habit of the Garter, with his 
 head resting on a helmet; and on his right side is his 
 lady, in her robes of state. On the back sit two 
 angels weeping; at their head stands an angel, dis- 
 playing their arms within the Garter. This monument 
 is inclosed within a screen of brass work gilt, and has 
 no inscription on it. 
 
 The other monument is to the memory of Henry 
 Somerset, late Duke of Beaufort, Knight of the 
 Garter. It is of white marble, exceedingly mag- 
 nificent ; two columns of the Corinthian order, with 
 their shafts entwined with leaves and flowers, support 
 the upper part of the monument, on which is placed, 
 on each side, a flaming urn, adorned with leaves and 
 flowers ; and, in the centre, the Duke's coat of arms. 
 In the middle below is his Grace, dressed in his robes, 
 in a reclining posture. Over him are curtains hanging 
 down by the columns on each side, while on the back- 
 ground are represented in relievo, in the clouds, two 
 angels holding a crown and palm, and several cherubs. 
 Below the Duke is St. George killing the dragon; and 
 on each side of the monument, between the columns, 
 stands a statue, one representing Justice, the other 
 Fortitude. On the base is a Latin inscription to the 
 following purport : — 
 
 Beneath this marble, loaded with years and honours, sleeps Henry 
 Somerset, Duke of Beaufort, Baron Herberl; of Chepstow, Rheglan, 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIBE. 
 
 107 
 
 and Gower, and Knight of the most noble Order of the Garter; 
 eminent for his virtues and nobleness of soul. In him was united a 
 singular prudence with a renowned justice. He not only restored his 
 fortune, which was overthrown by his enemies, but happily increased 
 his ancient honours. Nor was he so intent upon his own private 
 interest as to neglect that of the public ; for he was, in the reigns of 
 Charles and James the Second, President of the Council in the princi- 
 pality of Wales ; Governor of the counties and cities of Gloucester, 
 Hereford, Bristol, and all Wales ; Governor of the castle of Briavel, 
 and Principal Verdurer of the Forest of Dean j Lieutenant of the 
 Boroughs of Malmesbury, Tewkesbury, andAndover; Chamberlain 
 and Privy Councillor to both of the Charles's, to whom he cleaved 
 with unspotted honour. He had to his wife, Mary, the eldest daughter 
 of the most honourable Arthur Lord Capel, whom he dearly loved, by 
 whom he had a most numerous offspring. He died, aged 70, January 
 21, 1699. 
 
 On a neat marble tablet, affixed to the wall of the 
 chapel, is the following inscription : — 
 
 This chapel (belonging to his ancestors), wherein lie buried not only 
 the bodies of those whose tombs are erected, but likewise that of 
 Henry, late Marquis of Worcester, his grandfather, so eminent for the 
 great supplies of men and money afforded to his sovereign King 
 Charles the Martyr, whose cause he espoused ; and for keeping his 
 castle of Rheglan with a strong garrison at his own expense, until it 
 became the last but one in England and Wales that held out against 
 the rebels, and then not yielding it until after a long siege to Lord 
 Fairfax, generalissimo of the Parliament forces : in revenge of which 
 obstinacy, as they termed it, it was demolished, and all the woods and 
 parks, which were vast, cut down and destroyed, and his estate sold 
 by order of the then rebellious Parliament, to the great damage of 
 himself and posterity. Wherein also lies the body of Henry, the 
 Restorer's first-born son. 
 
 This chapel being*, in the time of the Rebellion, 
 upon the before-mentioned account, much defaced, 
 and the brass work, to a considerable value, plundered 
 and embezzled, was restored to its primitive form and 
 shape, and what was wanting thereto supplied, at the 
 
108 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 expense and charge of his Grace Henry Somerset 
 Duke of Beaufort, whose monument, &c. we have 
 already given an account of. 
 
 The late repairs of this chapel were at the expense 
 of the father of the present Duke of Beaufort. 
 
 URSWrCK CHAPEL. 
 
 At the north-west corner of this church is Urswick's, 
 or the Bread, chapel, so called from Dr. Christopher 
 Urswick, Dean of Windsor, and joint promoter with 
 Sir Keginald Bray in finishing this fabric. This 
 gentleman was also a faithful servant to Henry VII. 
 before his accession to the throne, and was afterwards 
 employed by that prince on many embassies to foreign 
 princes, on the most important subjects ; and was in 
 so great favour that he was offered the greatest ec- 
 clesiastical honours, all which he refused, and, in 
 1505, resigned this deanery and all his other prefer- 
 ments, contenting himself with the duties of his private 
 parsonage at Hackney, where he died and was buried 
 1521. His epitaph may be found in Weaver's Fune- 
 ral Monuments. The stone screen has been removed 
 to the south aisle, and is described in page 102. 
 
 Here is also a neat marble tablet to the memory of 
 Colonel Robert Brudenell, son of the Earl of Cardigan; 
 he was Deputy Governor of Windsor Castle, under 
 his brother the Duke of Montague, and died October 
 20th, 1768. 
 
 The cenotaph of her late Royal Highness the 
 Princess Charlotte is erecting in this chapel, by Mr, 
 Wyatt. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 109 
 
 RUTLAND CHAPEL. 
 
 This chapel is in the middle of the north aisle, and 
 in the centre of it is a neat alabaster monument, 
 erected to the memory of Sir George Manners, Lord 
 Roos, in the reign of Henry VIII., and of the Lady 
 Anne, his wife, niece to Edward IV. 
 
 Sir George lies dressed in armour, his head resting 
 on a hehnet, and his feet on an unicorn couchant. 
 By his side lies his lady, in her robes of state, which 
 were once beautifully blazoned, her head resting on a 
 cushion supported by two angels. On each side of 
 the tomb are their sons and daughters ; and at one 
 end are angels displaying the family arms. Sir 
 George died October 23, 1513, and Lady Anne, 
 April 22, 1520. 
 
 In this chapel is another memorial of this noble 
 family, viz. a brass plate gilt, whereon are the effigies 
 of Anne Duchess of Exeter, sister to King Edward 
 IV., and mother of the above Lady Anne Manners ; 
 and Sir Thomas Syllinger, her husband ; with their 
 arms blazoned, and a crucifix between them, with 
 this inscription : — 
 
 Within this chapel Ij^eth buried Anne Duchess of Exeter, syster to 
 the noble King Edward the Fourth ; and also Sir Thomas Syllinger, 
 Knyght, her husband j who hath founded wythyn thys college a chantrie 
 with two prests singing for evermore. On whose soul God have 
 mercy. The which Anne, Duchess, died in the year of our Lord 
 a thousand CCCCLXXV., the dominical letter D primum s. XIII day of 
 January. 
 
 On a like plate under the next window is engraved, 
 
 Magister Robertus Honey wood, 
 Legum Doctor. 
 
 In the middle of the plate, the Doctor is represented 
 
 L 
 
110 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 in the habit of his degree, with St. Catharine behind 
 liim, kneeling before the Virgin Mary, with our 
 Saviour in her lap. 
 
 Adjoining to the last mentioned, is a neat marble 
 tablet, with the following inscription: 
 
 Near this place lie the remains of Theodore Aylward, Miis. Doc. 
 
 Gresham Professor of Music, and Organist of this Chapel, died 27th 
 
 Feb. 1801, aged 70. 
 
 Aylward adieu, my pleasing gentle friend, 
 
 Regret and honour on thy grave attend j 
 
 Thy rapid hand harmonious skill possest, 
 
 And moral harmony enrich'd thy breast ; 
 
 For Heaven most freely to thy life assign'd 
 
 Benevolence, the music of the mind ; 
 
 Mild as thy nature, all thy moral scene : 
 
 Thy death was easy, and thy life serene, HayLEY. 
 
 In 1818 a neat marble tablet, with an appropriate 
 design in bas-relief, was placed in this chapel, as a 
 tribute from the officers of the Royal Horse Guards 
 Blue, to the memory of their gallant comrade Major 
 Packe, who fell at the battle of Waterloo. The fol- 
 lowing is a copy of the inscription : 
 
 To the Memory 
 Of Robert Christopher Packe, Esquire, 
 Second Son of Charles James Packe, Esquire, 
 Of Prestwold, Leicestershire, 
 And Major in the Royal Regiment of Horse Guards Blue, 
 Who was killed at the head of his Squadron, 
 When charging the French Cuirassiers, at the ever 
 Memorable Battle of Waterloo, on the 18th June, 1815, 
 In the XXXllld year of his Age. 
 This Monument was erected by the Officers of the Regiment, 
 In which he had served more than Fifteen Years, 
 In testimony of their high veneration for 
 His distinguished Military Merit; 
 And of their sincere Regret for the loss of a Companion, 
 So long endeared to their Affections by his 
 Amiable Manners and Private Virtue. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 Ill 
 
 HASTINGS' CHAPEL. 
 
 On the west side of the choir door, in the north 
 aisle, is a chapel, built by Elizabeth, the wife of 
 William Lord Hastings, Chamberlain to King Ed- 
 ward IV. and Master of the Mint, who for his loyalty 
 to that Prince and his royal issue was put to death 
 by Richard III. in the Tower of London. 
 
 The roof of this chapel is neat, and was formerly 
 richly ornamented and gilt. At each end are several 
 niches, in which images appear to have been placed, 
 and under them several angels displaying the arms of 
 the family of Hastings. 
 
 This chapel is dedicated to St. Stephen, whose 
 history is painted on four panels in the inside of it, 
 and still well preserved. 
 
 In the first panel is St. Stephen preaching to the 
 people ; in the second he is represented before the 
 tribunal of Herod ; in the third is the stoning of this 
 primitive martyr by the Jews ; and in the fourth the 
 saint is represented in a sleeping posture, and above 
 him his beatification. On the fore ground is ins^cribed 
 in Latin, He dies in the Lord, by whom eternal 
 life is given ; " and under the several panels are simi- 
 lar apposite sentences. 
 
 The grave stones in the various parts of the chapel 
 not being usually noticed by strangers, we have 
 omitted to point them out, as a particular account 
 of them would swell this compendium beyond its 
 intended limits. 
 
 THE queen's closet. 
 
 On ttie north side of the choir, adjoining to the 
 L 2 
 
112 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 altar, is a gallery called the Queen's closet, formerly 
 used only for the accommodation of the ladies at an 
 installation; in 1780 it was considerably repaired, 
 and completely furnished with desks, stools, cushions, 
 curtains, &c. ; and here their Majesties and the royal 
 family attended divine service every Sunday morning 
 during their summer residence at Windsor. 
 
 The wainscot and canopy are both in the Gothic 
 style, and neatly painted in imitation of Norway oak. 
 The curtains are of a fine garter blue silk, and the 
 chairs and stools are covered with the same. On the 
 covers of the cushions, within an oval encircled with 
 flowers, are neatly worked the letters G. R. 
 
 In the second window are painted the arms of their 
 Majesties, by Bristow ; a sun-flower, by West; 
 and a rose, by Jarvis. 
 
 In the third window is St. Catharine, and the 
 crowning of Queen Esther. 
 
 In the east window is a representation of Nabal 
 receiving David's messengers ; vide S5th chap. 1st 
 book, of Samuel. 
 
 In the window on the south side of the closet is an 
 excellent piece, in ancient stained glass, of the Wise 
 Men's Offering, and a portrait of King Charles II. 
 
 The upper part of the window next the choir is 
 beautifully ornamented with mosaic glass. In this 
 window are three pieces, representing the Dissipation, 
 Distress, and Return of the Prodigal Son ; the arms 
 of Henry VII. and other heraldic insignia in appro- 
 priate blazonry. 
 
 THE CHAPTER HOUSE. 
 
 At the east end of the north aisle is the Chapter 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDR. 
 
 113 
 
 House, wherein all the business of the college is 
 transacted. This room is not usually shewn to 
 strangers. 
 
 Fronting the entrance is a fine whole length of the 
 victorious Edward III, in his robes of state ; in his 
 right hand he holds a sword, bearing the crowns of 
 France and Scotland, in token of the conquests he 
 gained over those nations. Round the frame is written 
 this inscription : — - 
 
 Edwardus Tertius invictissimus Angliae Rex, Iiujus Capellse et 
 nobilissimi Oidinis Garterii Fundator. 
 
 On one side of the portrait is kept the two handed 
 sword of this renowned Prince, which is six feet nine 
 inches long. 
 
 THE ROYAL DORMITORY. 
 
 Adjoining to the east end of St. G eorge's Chapel is 
 a stone edifice, built by King Henry VII. as a burial 
 place for himself and his successors : but this Prince 
 afterwards altering his purpose, began the more noble 
 structure at Westminster, and this fabric remained 
 neglected until Cardinal Wolsey obtained a grant of 
 it from King Henry VIII. Wolsey, with a profusion 
 of expense unknown to former ages, designed and 
 began here a most sumptuous monument for himself, 
 from whence this building obtained the name of 
 Wolsey's Tomb-House. This monument was so 
 magnificently built, that Lord Bacon, in his life of 
 Henry VIII., says it far exceeded that of Henry 
 VII. in Westminster Abbey ; and at the time of the 
 Cardinal's disgrace the tomb was so far executed, 
 
 L 3 
 
114 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 that Benedetto, a statuary of Florence, received 
 4250 ducats for what he had already done, and 
 18s. sterling had been paid for gilding only the 
 half of this sumptuous monument. 
 
 The Cardinal dying soon after his retirement from 
 Court, was privately buried in one of the Abbey 
 chapels at Leicester, and the monument remained 
 unfinished. In 1646 it became an object of plunder 
 by the rebels ; and the statues and figures of gilt 
 copper, of exquisite workmanship, made for the orna- 
 ment of the tomb, were sold or destroyed by them. 
 
 King James II. converted this building into a 
 popish chapel, and mass was publicly performed here. 
 The ceiling was embellished by Verrio, who is allowed 
 to have here excelled his other performances. The 
 walls were finely ornamented and painted ; but on a 
 splendid banquet being given by this Prince to the 
 Pope's Nuncio, the populace were excited to attack 
 the structure, when they destroyed the windows, and 
 materially damaged the interior decorations. After 
 this outrage the chapel remained entirely neglected, 
 and made a most ruinous appearance, till the sum- 
 mer of the year 1800, when his late Majesty ordered 
 the windows and other external parts to be repaired. 
 
 Whatever might have been his Majesty's intention 
 at that time, nothing further v/as carried into execution 
 till 1810, when it was determined to construct within 
 its walls a royal dormitory. 
 
 The workmen employed in removing the earth for 
 this purpose, discovered two coffins in a stone recess 
 about three feet below the surface ; one containing 
 the remains of Elizabeth Wydville, Queen of Edward 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 115 
 
 IV. ; the other those of George, the third son of the 
 said King and Queen. From hence it is evident, that 
 the conjectures, mentioned in page 94, concerning the 
 remains of Elizabeth Wydville being deposited in the 
 tomb of Edward IV. were erroneous. 
 
 An excavation was formed in the dry rock of chalk, 
 of the whole length and width of the building, to 
 the depth of 15 feet from the surface, and in this the 
 sepulchre is constructed. The dimensions of the tomb 
 are 70 feet in length, 28 in width, and 14 in depth* 
 The receptacles for bodies on the sides of the tomb 
 are formed by massive Gothic columns, of an octagonal 
 shape, supporting a range of four shelves, each of 
 which, in the space between the columns, will contain 
 two bodies, the whole range of each side admitting 
 32 bodies. At the east end are five niches for the 
 reception of as many coffins. In the middle, twelve 
 low tombs are erected for the Sovereigns. The se- 
 pulchre will thus contain 81 bodies. The columns 
 are of fine Bath stone, and the shelves of Yorkshire 
 stone. A subterraneous passage is formed from the 
 vault under the choir of St. George's Chapel, in which 
 an aperture is made, near the ascent to the altar, for 
 the bodies to descend. From the columns springs a 
 vaulted roof over the tomb. The building itself is 
 intended for a Chapter House for the service of the 
 Order of the Garter. In completion of this design, the 
 ceiling painted by Verrio was taken away, and a 
 Gothic roof, in unison with the general character of 
 the building, substituted. The whole was intended to 
 undergo a complete repair — many internal decorations 
 have been prepared. The sepulchre is from the design 
 
116 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIUfi. 
 
 of the late James Wyatt, Esq. as are also the deco- 
 rations. 
 
 The illustrious personages whose remains have 
 been deposited in this cemetery are the following : 
 
 The Princess Amelia, sixth and youngest daughter 
 of George III., who died on the 11th of Nov. 1810, 
 in the 27th year of her age, was the first inmate 
 of this magnificent sepulchre. The body of her Royal 
 Highness was deposited in a vault behind the high 
 altar in St. George's Chapel, until the completion of 
 the royal mausoleum, when it was here removed. 
 
 On the 19th of Nov., 1817, the remains of her 
 Royal Highness the Princess Charlotte, and her 
 infant, were deposited within this sacred inclosure, 
 with manifestations of individual mourning and na- 
 tional regret that have scarcely been paralleled in 
 the history of nations. 
 
 Her late Majesty, Queen Charlotte, on the 2d 
 of Dec, 1818, was here interred; as was, on the 
 r2th of Feb., 1820, his Royal Highness the Duke of 
 Kent, fourth son of their late Majesties, but a few 
 days before the interment of his father, George III., 
 added to the list of its illustrious occupants. 
 
 An account of the funeral ceremonies of our late re- 
 vered Sovereign will be found at length in Appendix F. 
 
 Atthe same time the bodies of the Princes Octavius 
 and Alfred, which had been removed from the royal 
 vault, in Westminster Abbey, were placed in this 
 cemetery, by the side of their parents. 
 
 The detail of this interesting ceremony will be found 
 in Appendix F. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 117 
 
 On the west side of the Cloister passage, which 
 divides the Chapel of St. George from the Tomb 
 House, a tablet of white marble bears the following 
 inscription : 
 
 King George III, 
 Caused to be interred 
 Near this place, the body of 
 Mary Gascoin, 
 Servant to the late Princess Amelia ; 
 And this tablet to be erected. 
 In testimony of 
 His grateful sense of 
 The faithful service 
 ^ And attachment of 
 An amiable Young Woman 
 To his beloved daughter ; 
 Whom she survived only three months : 
 She died the 19th of February, 1811, 
 Aged 31 Years. 
 
 Beyond this, a few paces northward brings us to 
 the Great Cloister, the inner sides of which are 
 formed by Gothic arches, each of which is divided by 
 tracery into four compartments, ornamented with 
 quatrefoils, &c. A small doorway on the west side 
 (the arch of which springs from corbel shields de- 
 corated with heraldic insignia,) opens to the Chapter 
 House. Passing this, a high vaulted passage, at the 
 south west angle of the Cloister, presents a communi- 
 cation with the various buildings on the south side of 
 St. George's Chapel — the Clock Tower, and Horse 
 Shoe Cloisters, &c. On the south side of the 
 Great Cloister is a passage to the Inner Cloister, 
 and through them to the gate of the hundred steps. 
 The entrance to the Deanery is at the south east 
 angle of these Cloisters. Several memorials of de- 
 
118 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 ceased Poor Knights occupy the walls and pavement 
 round the enclosure ; and against the west wall, near 
 the entrance of the Cloisters, is a small square marble 
 tablet, erected to the memory of the late venerable 
 Sir Isaac Heard, surmounted by a shield of arms, 
 and bearing the coronet of Garter King at Arms. 
 The inscription it bears is as follows : 
 
 Hunc j uxta parietur 
 Depositae sunt mortales exuviae 
 Viri venerabilis et probatissimi 
 Isaaci Heard, 
 Equitis Aurati 
 
 Garteri * 
 Principalis Regis Armorum 
 Cujus Officium xxxvill per annos 
 Summa cum integritate et indefessa sedulitate 
 Ad usque vitae terminum exercuit 
 
 Variis fecialibus Muniis 
 Plusquam LXll annos perfunctus 
 Obiit die xxix Aprilis MDCCCXXII. 
 ^tatis Suae xcir. 
 Quam si Noveris Araasti. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 119 
 
 CHAP. VII. 
 
 A SUMMARY ACCOUNT 
 OF THE COLLEGE OF ST. GEORGE. 
 
 The Royal College of St. George was first incor- 
 porated, and endowed by letters patent dated the 
 6th of August, in the 22d year of the reign of King 
 Edward III. (1348). The grant, which is given at 
 length in the appendix to Ashmole, sets forth the 
 motives which have excited the King to the chari- 
 table work, and continues thus : * And because it is 
 a good way of merchandize, whereby we change tran- 
 sitory things for those things which are eternal ; we 
 have caused a certain chapel, formed with convenience 
 and beauty, for eight secular Canons, situate within 
 our Castle of Windsor, wherein we were washed 
 with the water of holy baptism, magnificently begun 
 to the honour of St. Edward the Confessor by our 
 progenitors, to which Canons they allowed a certain 
 sum of money at their pleasure, and gave it them for 
 alms out of their Exchequer, to be finished at our 
 royal charge, to the honor of God Almighty, and of 
 his mother the glorious Virgin Mary, and of the Saints 
 George the Martyr and Edward the Confessor. And 
 earnestly desiring and effectually endeavouring that 
 the said Canons, being there to serve the Lord, may 
 
120 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 be augmented, as well with an increase of revenue, as 
 in the number of other Canons, Ministers, and Ser- 
 vants : and that in the said Chapel the glory of the 
 Divine name may be exalted v/ith greater worship : 
 unto the aforesaid eight Canons we think fit to super- 
 add one Custos presiding over them and fifteen other 
 Canons more, and 24 Knights, impotent of themselves 
 or inclining to poverty, to be perpetually maintained of 
 the goods of the said Chapel.' The endowment settled 
 by this grant comprised the right of patronage and the 
 advowsons of the church of Wyrardisbury in the 
 diocese of Lincoln, of South Stanton, in the diocese 
 of Exeter, and of Uttoxeter in the diocese of Co- 
 ventry and Litchfield, and so much money to be paid 
 every year out of the royal Exchequer, as together 
 with the profits arising from the churches should be 
 sufficient for their decent support, until the King 
 should provide for them in goods, lands, benefices, | 
 or rents, the sum of lOOOZ. yearly. 
 
 In consequence of this princely endowment, and 
 sanctioned by the authority of the Pope and the 
 consent of the Bishop of Salisbury, in whose diocese 
 the Chapel is situated, the Bishop of Winchester 
 forthwith instituted a Collegiate Society within the 
 Chapel of St. George, consisting of one Custos or 
 Dean, 12 Secular Canons, 13 Priests, 4 Clerks, G 
 Choristers, and 24 Alms Knights, besides the neces- | 
 sary officers, &c. The statutes of the College, con- 
 firmed by the Pope, the royal founder, and other re- 
 quisite authorities, bear date on the 61h of August, 
 1340, and the first Dean appointed under them was 
 William Mugge, who died or resigned in 1S80. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 121 
 
 In 1353, five years after its foundation, the King 
 by a charter granted several valuable privileges and 
 immunities to the College, in consequence of which 
 it was exempted from all Knight's fees, talliages, aids 
 and contributions to the King, as well as from all 
 ecclesiastical impositions of whatever nature. The 
 houses of the Canons and officers, as well those 
 within the Castle of Windsor as elsewhere, were 
 declared to be free from any livery of the King's 
 stewards, marshals, purveyors, or officers, and it 
 was commanded that no duke or nobleman, or any of 
 the King's Escheators, &c. shoul-d, on any pretence, 
 lodge or stay in the house of the Custos or Canons 
 without their consent. Themselves and tenants 
 were also freed from all tolls and payments levied 
 upon others, as well as from such in the County court ; 
 and they were empowered to have the cognizance 
 of pleas between their tenants, as well of trespasses 
 and contracts as of other causes, in their own courts. 
 In short, without proceeding to the detail of all the 
 privileges granted by this charter, it may be observed 
 that the College, by virtue of it, enjoyed many pecu- 
 liar and important advantages, and at the same time 
 were freed from almost every burthen or duty that it 
 was in the power of the monarch to exempt them from. 
 These letters patent were confirmed, and several im- 
 munities granted by Henry VI. and Edward IV. ; 
 also by an act of parliament of the 22d of Edward IV. 
 Several statutes were likewise made for perpetuating 
 and well-governing this College, by Henry VIIL, 
 Edward VL, and Queen Elizabeth; and the present 
 establishments on the foundation are as follow :■ — 
 
 M 
 
122 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 A Dean, who is president over the rest of the College 
 both in civil and ecclesiastical jurisdiction. He is 
 presented by the King, and instituted by the Bishop 
 of Winchester. 
 
 Twelve Canons, or Prebendaries, who, with the 
 Dean, constitute the legislative body of this College. 
 These also are presented to their prebends by the 
 King, but are instituted and installed by the Dean, or 
 his deputy. 
 
 Seven Minor Canons, who, at their admission, ac- 
 cording to the statutes of the College, are bound to be 
 deacons, and at the next time appointed for ordination 
 to be ordained priests. Each of these Canons had at 
 first but the annual pension of eight pounds sterling ; 
 but this was increased by Edward IV. and Queen 
 Elizabeth, and since augmented by the college to 
 forty pounds per annum. In addition to this, the late 
 Mr. Isaac Chapman, a Minor Canon, who died Fe- 
 bruary 8, 1781, bequeathed ten pounds a-year to each 
 of the Minor Canons ; so that, if we include the value 
 of their houses, w^hich some of them let, their annual 
 income may be estimated at about eighty pounds. 
 
 Thirteen Clerks, who after the foundation of the Col- 
 lege by Edward III. were taken into the choir for the 
 service thereof. One of them being Organist, has a 
 double Clerk's place, and is therefore accounted as two 
 of the thirteen ; their salaries are tvrenty-two pounds 
 ten shillings per annum each : these also have each an 
 house allowed them. 
 
 Ten Choristers : these were appointed for the further 
 service of the choir, for which the six seniors have a 
 stipend of twelve shillings, and the four junior;^ six 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 12S 
 
 shillings a month. Formerly there were only eight of 
 these, which is the reason the pay of the four younger 
 ones is but half what it was originally. 
 
 Ten officers appointed for the business of the College, 
 are a steward, treasurer, steward of the courts, chap- 
 ter-clerk, chanter, and verger ; two sextons, two bell- 
 ringers, a clock-keeper, and a porter. 
 
 POOR KNIGHTS. 
 
 King Edward III., out of the great respect he bore 
 to military honour, and the regard he had for those 
 who behaved themselves bravely in the wars, yet 
 afterwards became reduced in their circumstances, 
 provided an honourable asylum and comfortable sub- 
 sistence for 24 decayed Knights by uniting them in 
 one corporate and joint body with the custos and ca- 
 nons of his collegiate foundation. These were called 
 milites pauperes, and since Poor or Alms Knights. 
 The number was at first twenty-four. On account of 
 some difference between the dean and canons and the 
 Alms Knights, it was enacted, by an act of the 22d of 
 Edward IV., that the dean and canons and their suc- 
 cessors, should be for ever quit and discharged from 
 all manner of charge of or for the said Knights. From 
 this time their subsistence became very precarious, and 
 their numbers continued to decrease, till Edward VI., 
 in pursuance of a clause in his father's will, vested 
 revenues in the College, to the amount of 600/. annu- 
 ally, to be employed for the use and support of a new 
 establishment for 13 Poor Knights only. In the reign 
 of Mary, the houses in the Lower Ward were built 
 for their reception, and the Queen nominated nine 
 M 2 
 
124 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 persons to enjoy the first fruits of the revival of the 
 foundation. Queen Elizabeth, immediately after her 
 accession to the throne, made a special foundation 
 for thirteen poor men decayed in wars and such like 
 service of the realm, to be called the Thirteen Knights 
 of Windsor, and there kept in succession, agreeably 
 to the will of her father King Henry VIII. Her 
 Majesty likewise established certain rules and orders 
 for the well governing the said knights ; and appointed 
 the dean and canons, and their successors, to enforce 
 their observance of the said rules. 
 
 By these statutes it was declared, that the Thirteen 
 Knights should be elected of gentlemen brought to 
 necessity through adverse fortune, and such as had 
 spent their time in the service of their Prince ; that 
 one of the thirteen should be chosen governor over 
 the rest ; that they were to be men unmarried, and 
 none of them afterwards permitted to marry, on pain 
 of losing their places ; but these rules, as well as 
 some others, are not strictly adhered to. 
 
 The present number of Alms-Knights is thirteen of 
 the royal foundation, and five of the foundation of 
 Sir Peter Le Maire in the reign of James I. The 
 former were endowed as before stated by Henry VIII. 
 with lands of the yearly value of 600/., and the latter 
 by Sir Peter le Maire, with an estate of 230/. per annum. 
 The houses of those on the royal establishment are 
 repaired at the expense of the Crown ; but those of 
 Sir Peter Le Maire's foundation at the charge of 
 Knights themselves, who also pay nine pounds a 
 a year land-tax. The annual income of each of these 
 knights is about 50/. exclusive of a house to live in. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUfDE. 
 
 125 
 
 Their habit is a red gown, and a mantle of blue or 
 purple cloth, with the cross of St. George embroidered 
 on the left shoulder. 
 
 In addition to the above mentioned eighteen Poor 
 Knights, Mr. Samuel Travers, who died in 1728, by 
 his will, bearing date the 16th of July, 1724, after 
 giving several pecuniary legacies, devised the residue 
 of his real and personal estates to his executors 
 upon trust, that they should, out of the rents and pro- 
 fits thereof, settle an annuity of 60/., to be paid to 
 each of seven gentlemen, to be added to the Poor 
 Knights of Windsor ; and that a building might be 
 erected or purchased in or near the Castle of Windsor, 
 for an habitation for the said seven gentlemen, who 
 were to be superannuated or disabled Lieutenants of 
 English men of war. 
 
 A suit in chancery was found requisite to establish 
 this will, before the benevolent intentions of the tes- 
 tator could be carried into effect, and a decree having 
 been at length obtained in favour of the will, seven 
 gentlemen were appointed, and a suitable building 
 erected, in conformity to its directions. 
 
 This structure is situated on the north side of the 
 Castle, in a meadow adjoining the Park. It consists 
 of seven distinct apartments, exclusive of the general 
 dining-room and offices. The building has a portico 
 nearly the whole length of the front, and forms a 
 pleasing object from the Terrace. The situation, 
 though picturesque, is unfavourable, being extremely 
 flat. 
 
 M 
 
126 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 CHAP. VIII. 
 
 INSTITUTION OF THE ORDER OF 
 THE GARTER. 
 
 The origin of this most noble and distinguished 
 order of knighthood, notwithstanding the researches 
 of many learned and ingenious antiquaries, is still 
 involved in considerable uncertainty, if not in im- 
 penetrable obscurity; and various have been the 
 causes alleged for its original foundation. Thus one 
 author (Barnes) has attempted to deduce it from a 
 custom of the Phoenicians, who were used to encircle 
 their bodies with a blue or purple fillet, as a charm 
 from the dangers of shipwreck. Rastell, in his 
 Chronicle, has ascribed its origin to Richard Coeur 
 de Lion, who is said to have bound a blue leathern 
 thong, as a badge of distinction, round the legs of 
 25 of his knights that had bravely stood by him in 
 the heat of the battle at the siege of Aeon, and who 
 were afterwards called ^' The Knightes of the Blue 
 Thonge." It is by others, and, as it appears, with 
 much more probability, supposed to have originated 
 from the circumstance of Edward III., the Founder 
 of the Order, having given the word Garter" as the 
 war cry at the battle of Cressy, in 1346. Fabian, in 
 his Chronicle, speaks of this institution in the follow- 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 127 
 
 ing manner : — In his 19th year (1344), the King 
 held a solempne feaste at his Castel of Wyndesore, 
 where, betweene Candelmasse and Lent, were holden 
 or executed many marcial actes, as joustes, tourna- 
 ments, with diverse other; at which were present 
 many strangers of other lands, and in the end thereof 
 he there devised the Order of the Garter." Selden, 
 who describes it as exceeding in majesty, honour, 
 and fame, all the chivalrous orders of the world, also 
 observes that this meeting, at which were assembled 
 many of the most illustrious personages in Europe, 
 did, in truth, occasion its institution. 
 
 On the other hand, it has been imagined by some, 
 and the probability of the fact has been considered 
 strengthened by the language of the motto, that there 
 is no good reason for rejecting the more fanciful idea 
 of its origin as related by Polydore Virgil, in his 
 account of Edward's having, while at Werk Castle, in 
 1341, taken up a garter which had been dropped by 
 the Countess of Salisbury when dancing, and vowing, 
 in consequence of the sarcastic smiles of the company, 
 that the greatest among them should be proud of 
 wearing such a garter." To whichsoever of these 
 various causes it is to be at last ascribed, certain it is, 
 that, early in the year 1349, an Order, the most 
 splendid and the most honourable of any one known 
 in Europe, was instituted by the renowned and war- 
 like Edward, and has continued to flourish in all the 
 pride and magnificence of the best ages of chivalry 
 to the present time. 
 
 Previous to the final establishment of the Order, 
 the King summoned an assembly of his Earls, Barons, 
 
128 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 and principal Knights, to consult on tlie best mode 
 of giving it suitable splendour, as well as on the regu- 
 lations necessary for its government. At this meeting 
 it appears to have been determined that the number 
 of persons to be received into the Order should be 
 restricted to twenty-six, a regulation which, having 
 been religiously observed by successive Sovereigns, 
 was highly conducive to the great estimation in which 
 it has always been held. No alteration in this respect 
 was made till the year 1786, nearly four centuries 
 and a half from its establishment ; at this latter period, 
 in consequence of the numerous issue of the late 
 Sovereign, which would have rendered the distinc- 
 tion of very limited extent out of the immediate circle 
 of the blood royal, it was ordered that in future it 
 should be extended generally to the King's sons, 
 without reference to the number of Knights admitted 
 under the regulations of the founder. 
 
 The first Installation was in the year 1349, on the 
 anniversary of St. George, who was declared the 
 patron of the Order. The august ceremony was con- 
 ducted with all the warlike splendour of a chivalric 
 age; and the imposing magnificencie of the Church 
 gave effect to the pageant accompanying the formal 
 institution of the Order, which was attended by an 
 immense concourse of people drawn together from 
 different parts of Europe.* The Sovereign and his 
 twenty-five Companions went in procession to the 
 Chapel of their patron Saint, clothed in russet gowns 
 
 * A superb historical picture, bj West, in the King's Audience 
 Chamber, represents this magnificent and imposing ceremony. (See 
 Chap. XI. No. 7.) 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 129 
 
 and mantles of fine blue woollen cloth, embroidered 
 with Garters, and decorated with the insignia of the 
 Order. After the ceremony of the Installation, the 
 Knights were entertained with great magnificence 
 by the King, and the festivities were continued for 
 several days. The first Knights of the Garter were 
 the following: 
 
 1. King Edward himself, vvlio first took the habit in the 
 Chapel of St. George, from the hands of William Edyn- 
 don, Bishop of Winchester, Prelate of the Order ; and 
 being thus ennobled, the King, as Sovereign of the 
 Order, proceeded to give the habit to twenty-five Knights 
 Companions, in the following order of succession : 
 
 2. Edward Prince of Wales (the Black Prince) then 14 years 
 of age. 
 
 3. Henry, Earl and afterwards Duke, of Lancaster, the 
 King's cousin. 
 
 4. Thomas Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick. 
 
 5. John Greilly, Governor of Buche, in Normandy. 
 
 6. Ralph Earl of Stafford. 
 
 7. William Montacute, Earl of Salisbury. 
 
 8. Roger Lord Mortimer, afterwards Earl of March. 
 
 9. John Lord L'Isle. 
 
 10. Bartholomew Lord Burghersh, 
 
 11. John Lord Beauchamp. 
 
 12. John Lord Mohun, of Dunster. 
 
 13. Hugh Lord Courtney, son of the Earl of Devonshire. 
 
 14. Thomas Lord Holland. 
 
 15. John Lord Grey, of Codenore. 
 
 16. Sir Richard Fitzsimon. 
 
 17. Sir Miles Stapleton. 
 
 18. Sir Thomas Wale.* 
 
 19. Sir Hugh Wrottesley. 
 
 * This Knight was the first who afforded a vacancy in the stalls of 
 the original Knights, he dying within three years after the institution. 
 
130 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 20. Sir Nele Loring. 
 
 21. The Lord Cliandois. 
 
 22. The Lord James Audley. 
 
 23. Sir Otho Holland. 
 
 24. Sir Henry Earn, of Brabant. 
 
 25. Sir Sancliet D'Ambrichcourt, a knight of Hainault. 
 
 26. Sir Walter Paveley. 
 
 The insignia of the Order consists of the garter, 
 mantle, surcoat, hood, George, star, and collar. These 
 together compose the superb attire of the Knights 
 which is called the Habit. The four first originated 
 with the founder, the George and collar were added 
 by Henry VIII., and the star by Chas. I. The ga^rter 
 is of blue velvet, bordered with gold wire, and em- 
 broidered with the motto, Honi soit qui mal y 
 pense,^^ and is worn between the knee and the calf. 
 Of what materials this principal ensign was first com- 
 posed, there is no authentic account. It was in all 
 probability of leather ; as Polydore Virgil speaks 
 merely of the ornamental part of it, when he repre- 
 sents it as adorned with gold and precious stones, and 
 having a buckle of gold at the end, wherewith to fasten 
 it about the leg. In later ages this badge has been, 
 and still occasionally is, very much enriched. The 
 garter sent to Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, 
 by Charles I., exceeded all others bestowed by former 
 Sovereigns, each letter of the motto being composed 
 of diamonds, in number 411, according to an account 
 given in by the Sovereign's command to the registrar 
 of the Order. The motto upon the garter which that 
 unfortunate prince wore on the scaffold, was com- 
 posed also of diamonds, to the number of 412, The 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 131 
 
 colour of the mantle is a rich blue. At the first in- 
 stitution it was made of fine woollen cloth, which, in 
 the beginning of the reign of Henry VI., was ex- 
 changed for velvet lined with white taffeta, the left 
 shoulder being adorned with the cross of St. George, 
 embroidered within a garter, and irradiated with 
 beams of silver, an addition made by Chas. I. The 
 collar is composed of links of gold fashioned like 
 garters, the ground enamelled blue, and the letters 
 of the motto gold, with a rose in the centre of each 
 link. The George displays the figure of the Saint on 
 horseback, vanquishing the dragon, and is pendant 
 from the middle of the collar the whole is enriched 
 with diamonds. 
 
 There are certain occasions which are distinguished 
 by wearing the whole habit, or only certain parts of 
 the insignia of the Order. At the feasts of the In- 
 stallation the Knights wear the former, upon less 
 solemn occasions they wear the collar only. 
 
 The officers of this Order are the Prelate, who is 
 always the Bishop of Winchester ; the Chancellor, 
 the Bishop of Salisbury ; a Registrar, the Dean of 
 Windsor; Garter King at Arms, and his heralds and 
 officers ; and the Usher of the Black Rod. 
 
 Among the numerous foreign potentates who have 
 esteemed it an honour to be admitted to companion- 
 ship in this illustrious order we, reckon— 
 
 Ten Emperors of Germany. 
 One Emperor of Russia. 
 Six Kings of France. 
 Four Kings of Spain. 
 Sev^n Kings of Portugal. 
 
132 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 Two Kings of Sweden. 
 
 One King of Poland. 
 
 Seven Kings of Denmark. 
 
 Two Kings of Scotland. 
 
 Three Kings of Prussia. 
 
 One King of Arragon. 
 
 Two Kings of Naples. 
 
 One King of Boliemia. 
 
 Two Kings of Sicily and Jerusalem. 
 
 One King of the Netherlands. 
 
 Eight Princes of Orange. 
 Besides a numerous list of Princes, Electors, and 
 Dukes of the first States in Europe. 
 
 The last Installation took place on Tuesday the 
 23d of April, 1805. This magnificent ceremony, 
 which had strongly excited the public attention, was 
 much enhanced in interest and value by the peculiar 
 care bestowed upon it by the Sovereign. The last 
 prior Installation of Knights of the Garter was on 
 the 25th of July, 1771, but the vacancies by death in 
 the Order were continued to be filled up as before. 
 Upon the occasion of the Union with Ireland, his 
 late Majesty, on the 31st of January, 1801, issued 
 his royal proclamation, for the purpose of investing 
 the Knights elect with all the rights, privileges, &c. 
 of the Order, as fully, and to all intents and purposes 
 the same, as if they had been actually installed. 
 The immediate effect of this measure was, that the 
 Knights elect, who had before only the privilege of 
 wearing the blue riband, the George, and the garter, 
 now assumed the star. The Royal Dukes elect, how- 
 ever, were excepted from this restriction. They having 
 the privilege of wearing the star along with the other 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 133 
 
 insignia of the Order, from the time of their election. 
 The Knights who thus became completely invested 
 without actual installation, by reason of the royal 
 proclamation in 1801, were the Dukes of Clarence, 
 Kent, Cumberland, Sussex, Cambridge, Prince Wil- 
 liam of Gloucester, Dukes of Richmond, Devonshire, 
 Buccleugh, Portland, and Northumberland ; Mar- 
 quises Buckingham, Lansdown, Cornwallis, and 
 Salisbury ; Earls Chatham, Carlisle, Westmoreland, 
 Spencer, and Camden. The Knights elected since 
 1801, and who consequently had not enjoyed the 
 benefit of the proclamation, and had not the honour 
 of wearing all the insignia of the Order, were the 
 Duke of Rutland, Earl of Hardwicke, Duke of Beau- 
 fort, Marquis of Abercorn, Earls Pembroke, Win- 
 chilsea, and Chesterfield. 
 
 An account of the splendid ceremonies which at- 
 tended the investiture of these distinguished persons 
 will be found in Appendix G. 
 
 N 
 
134 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 CHAP. IX. 
 
 THE PARKS, 
 FROGMORE, ROYAL LODGE, &c. 
 
 Among the numerous objects of beauty and in- 
 terest in the neighbourhood of Windsor, the Little 
 Park, from its immediate connection with the Castle, 
 claims the priority of our notice. This park, which 
 spreads round the north and east sides of the Castle, 
 was enclosed by a brick wall in the reign of William 
 III., and is computed to be about four miles in cir- 
 cumference, presenting a rich and varied succession 
 of beautiful and interesting scenery. 
 
 Immediately under the Terrace, on the east side of 
 the Castle, an extensive level, which formed the 
 summit of the hill, was converted into a spacious 
 bowling green by Charles II. ; but the view from the 
 Terrace on that side being somewhat confined in 
 consequence of the elevation, his late Majesty ordered 
 it to be considerably lowered, and the earth taken 
 from it spread along the declivity of the hill on the 
 north side, which was enclosed and planted with 
 various kinds of forest trees. Since this period the 
 hill has been beautifully laid out in walks, and planted 
 with flowering shrubs. This important addition to the 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 135 
 
 original beauties of the park is called The Slopes/' 
 and extends along the side of the hill, from the end 
 of the north Terrace to the Keeper's Lodge on the 
 east side of the park, forming a sort of hanging garden. 
 — To this enclosure admittance was granted to re- 
 spectable individuals, by keys, until 1823, when, in 
 consequence of his Majesty's residence at the Castle, 
 it was judged requisite to withhold the indulgence. 
 
 The ground within the wall on the north side of the 
 Castle was laid out by order of Queen Anne as a 
 garden, but, shortly after the death of that Princess, 
 the natural beauties of the park were considered 
 sufficiently attractive to render the decorations of art 
 unnecessary; the beds, parterres, &c. were there- 
 fore all levelled, and the surface restored to its 
 original state. It now forms a spacious lawn, bounded 
 by majestic trees, and affords a delightful foreground 
 to the extensive view from the north side of the 
 Castle. 
 
 The celebrated tree immortalized by Shakspeare, 
 in his Merry Wives of Windsor, under the name of 
 Heme's Oak,"* is supposed to have stood at a 
 
 * The superstition of the neighbouring peasantry having furnished 
 this tree with an attendant spirit, our great English Dramatist seized 
 the tradition as adapted to his purpose in working the mortification of 
 Falstaff. The tree and its attendant horrors are thus described by 
 Mrs. Page and her husband : — 
 
 Mrs. Page. There is an old tale goes, that Heme, the hunter, 
 Sometime a keeper here, in Windsor Forest, 
 Doth all the winter time, at still midnight. 
 Walk round about an oak, with great ragged horns ; 
 And there he blasts the tree, and takes the cattle, 
 N 2 
 
136 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 short distance from the boundary of the park, on the 
 south east side ; — a blighted oak, on the right of the 
 footway towards Datchet, is still pointed out as the 
 tree entitled to the designation given by the poet, 
 but, except that its mere locality, and the slightly 
 irregular features of the ground immediately about 
 it, may in some measure countenance the traditionary 
 claim, there does not appear any warrant to vouch 
 for its identity. 
 
 The boundary, on the west side of this park, is 
 formed by the Castle, the scite of the Queen's Lodge, 
 and the gardens and pleasure grounds of the Lower 
 Lodge. The improvements of the Castle commenced, 
 as has been before mentioned, by the removal of the 
 Queen's Lodge, in 1823 ; — by this measure a direct 
 communication with the Long Walk, or rather a con- 
 tinuation of it, was laid open to the Castle, and it is 
 not improbable that in the progress of the extensive 
 and judicious alterations that are now executing, the 
 Lower Lodge, with the adjacent buildings, will ulti- 
 mately share the fate of the Queen's Lodge, and the 
 scite of the whole be laid out in pleasure grounds, 
 a necessary appendage in which the Castle has long 
 been greatly deficient. 
 
 And makes milch kine yield blood, and shakes a chain 
 
 In a most hideous and dreadful manner. 
 
 You have heard of such a spirit ; and well yon know, 
 
 The superstitious idle headed eld 
 
 Received, and did deliver to our age 
 
 This tale of Heme, the hunter, for a truth. 
 
 Page. Why, yet there want not many that do fear 
 In deep of night to walk by this Heme's oak. 
 But what of this? 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 137 
 
 FROGMORE. 
 
 Frogmore House, or Lodge, is separated from the 
 Little Park by the high road from Windsor to Staines, 
 and is situated about half a mile from the Castle, in 
 a south eastern direction. From its situation and the 
 abundance of fine old oak and elm timber standing 
 upon the domain, it would seem probable that Frog- 
 moor, or Frogmore, was at an early period enclosed 
 from the forest. It appears to have been among the 
 ancient possessions of the Crown, and that it was 
 known by the name it still bears, in the time of Shak- 
 speare, is evident from the mention he has made of 
 it in the comedy to which we have before alluded*. 
 
 During the great rebellion Frogmore was sold 
 among the other domains belonging to the Crown, but 
 it appears to have reverted to its original owners at, 
 or shortly after, the restoration, and it subsequently 
 became the residence of George Fitzroy, Duke of 
 
 * Merry Wives of Windsor, Act II. Scene 3 : — 
 
 Host. But first, Master Guest, and Master Page, and eke Cavalero 
 Slender, go jou through the town to Frogmore. 
 Page. Sir Hugh is there, is he ? 
 
 Host. He is there ; see what humour he is in, and I will bring the 
 Doctor about the fields ; — will it do well ? 
 
 Shallow. We will do it. 
 
 All. Adieu good Master Doctor. 
 
 [Exit Page, Shallow, and Slender. 
 
 Caius. By gar, me vill kill de Priest ; for he speak for a jack-an- 
 ape to Ann Page. 
 
 Host. Let him die: sheath thy impatience ; throw cold water on 
 thy choler; go about the fields with me through Frogmore. I will 
 bring thee where Mrs. Ann Page If, at a farm-hoase, a feasting j and 
 thou shalt woo her. 
 
 The next scene islaid" at Fro^fworc. 
 
 N 3 
 
138 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 Northumberland, the third son of Charles II. by the 
 beautiful Duchess of Cleveland. It was afterwards, 
 for some time, the residence of the Marshal Belleisle, 
 upon his liberation on parole from confinement in the 
 Round Tower at Windsor Castle. Its next occupier 
 was Sir Edwaid Walpole, after whom it came into 
 the possession of the Hon. Mrs. Anne Egerton, of 
 whom her late Majesty, in the year 1792, purchased 
 the remainder in the term of the lease by which it was 
 held of the Crown. It thenceforward became, and 
 for many years continued, the favourite and elegant 
 retreat of her Majesty; and, upon her decease, be- 
 came the property of her Royal Highness the Princess 
 Augusta, who has since almost constantly resided at it. 
 
 Of the precise period at which the lands were 
 inclosed and the original mansion erected, there does 
 not appear any certainty. The present edifice is a 
 modern structure, w^hich has been much improved 
 under the direction of Mr. James Wyatt. It is partly 
 built of free-stone, and consists of a centre building, 
 with uniform wings, connected on the south side 
 (which is the principal, or garden, front) by a hand- 
 some projecting colonade. The interior, which com- 
 prises many elegant apartments, is fitted up with a 
 tasteful simplicity, eminently characteristic of its 
 Royal possessor. 
 
 The grounds, embracing an extent of about thirteen 
 acres, are agreeably diversified by a succession of 
 lawns, shrubberies, and plantations, and are adorned 
 with a fine piece of water, vt^hich, luxuriantly spread- 
 ing itself before the southern windows, retires from 
 the view among the adjacent woods, and again 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 139 
 
 emerging at a distant part of the gardens, gives a 
 beautiful effect to the scenery from various points of 
 observation. The trees and shrubs, among vt^hich are 
 many valuable exotics, are grouped in a judicious 
 manner, and materially add to the effect produced by 
 the arrangement of the ornamental buildings scattered 
 over the inclosure. Among the latter is a Hermitage, 
 constructed from a design of her Royal Highness 
 the Princess Elizabeth, consisting of a small circular 
 hut w^ith a thatched roof, completely embow^ered by 
 the luxuriant foliage of the surrounding wood. In 
 another direction, at some distance, a beautiful and 
 highly picturesque Ruin, designed by Mr. James 
 Wyatt, is seated on the bank of the lake, and pre- 
 sents an interesting object from various parts of the 
 garden. There is also a Temple, dedicated to Soli- 
 tude, erected in a situation admirably adapted to the 
 idea excited by its designation ; and, in another part 
 of the grounds, a Thatched Barn presents itself, 
 having all the external features of that description of 
 building, but w^hen entered, presenting us with the 
 tasteful embellishments of an elegant ball-room, with 
 every arrangement and convenience for the accommo- 
 dation of a numerous company, and having galleries 
 at the angles for the music and spectators. 
 
 During her late Majesty's possession of this elegant 
 retreat, it v/as frequently the scene of a course of fes- 
 tivities, which alike displayed the munificent feelings 
 of the illustrious occupants, and their ready disposition 
 to contribute to the innocent enjoyments of all classes 
 of the community. Of these fetes, not only the nobi- 
 lity and gentry in the vicinity were invited partakers, 
 
140 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 but the respectable inhabitants of Windsor generally 
 were admitted to be spectators of the amusements and 
 sharers in the refreshments. The most splendid of 
 these royal entertainments were those which took 
 place upon her Majesty's birthday, on the 19th of 
 May, 1795 ; on the 23d of May, 1797, upon occasion 
 of the marriage of the Princess Royal ; on the 8th 
 of August, 1799, to celebrate the recovery of the 
 Princess Amelia from a severe illness ; on the 14th 
 of July, 1800, to commemorate the happy escape of 
 his Majesty from attempted assassination ; and, 
 lastly, on the 25th of October, 1809, upon occasion 
 of the universal Jubilee for his late Majesty's having 
 commenced the 50th year of his mild and truly bene- 
 ficent reign. 
 
 THE GREAT PARK. 
 
 The Great Park lies on the south side of the town, 
 and leads, in a direct line, by a noble avenue called 
 the Long Walk,'' on each side of which is a double 
 row of majestic elms, to an eminence called Snow- 
 hill, near three miles distant from the commencement. 
 Upon this elevated spot, forming the southern termi- 
 nation of the magnificent avenue, it is in contemplation 
 to erect an equestrian colossal statue of George III., 
 which is now executing by Mr. Westmacott, by the 
 command of his Majesty. 
 
 About half-a-mile, in a south-eastern direction, 
 from the end of the Long Walk, is the Royal Lodge, 
 formerly called the King's Cottage, which, for some 
 time past, has been the constant summer residence of 
 his Majesty, This building, which was erected upon 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 141 
 
 the site of a smaller cottage in 1810, has, at various 
 times, undergone important alterations; and now 
 presents, in its exterior elevation, the characteristics 
 of an extensive Gothic building in the cottage style. 
 The interior is fitted up in a style of exquisite taste 
 and propriety ; but not being open for the inspection 
 of the public, a minute description of its arrangement 
 would be perfectly unnecessary. 
 
 Near the Royal Lodge is Cumberland Lodge, for- 
 merly the seat of his Royal Highness the Duke of 
 Cumberland, and also of the late Duke William of 
 Cumberland, to whom it was given in the year 1744. 
 This is a large, substantial building, occasionally 
 occupied by part of his Majesty's establishment. The 
 last-mentioned Duke greatly improved the natural 
 beauties of this delightful park, by large plantations 
 of trees, extensive lawns, new roads, and spacious 
 lakes. 
 
 In various parts of the Park considerable farms 
 were made by order of his late Majesty, which were 
 severally named after the mode of agriculture used at 
 them, viz. one is called the Norfolk, another the 
 Suffolk, and a third the Flemish Farm ; at each of 
 which, respectively, the particular mode of culture 
 peculiar to each country was practised during the 
 time they were held by his Majesty. They are now 
 let to different farmers, who adopt such modes of 
 culture as they conceive most conducive to their 
 interests. 
 
 At the distance of about a mile across the Park, in 
 a western direction from the Royal Lodge, is a hand- 
 some Gothic structure called Sandpit Gate.'' The 
 
142 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 building comprises a lofty arched gateway, with an 
 embattled parapet, flanked with octagonal towers, 
 and having a low portal on each side of the main 
 arch. On the eastern side of the gateway, a 
 neat lodge, erected in a corresponding style of archi- 
 tecture, is inhabited by one of the keepers. This 
 building, which afibrds a pleasing object of view 
 from the Park, was erected, about the year 1800, by 
 his late Majesty. In the extensive inclosures that 
 adjoin it, several kangaroos, emews, and other curious 
 quadrupeds and birds, are usually kept. 
 
 The Belvidere, on Shrub's-hill, is a triangular 
 building, having a tower at each angle, and encom- 
 passed by a fine plantation of trees, forming a most 
 delightful rural scene. The noble piece of water in 
 the valley underneath was made at a great expense, 
 and, from a small stream, is rendered capable of 
 carrying barges and boats of pleasure. Over this 
 water a bridge was erected by the late Duke of Cum- 
 berland, on a bold and noble plan, being one single 
 arch, of 165 feet span, which is five feet wider than 
 that of the boasted Rialto at Venice. This piece of 
 water terminated in a large and beautiful cascade; 
 but some years since, the pond-head being blown up, 
 the rapidity of the torrent did such material damage to 
 the bridge, that the whole was obliged to be entirely 
 taken down, and a handsome one of stone erected, 
 consisting of five arches. The dam, or mound, which 
 confines this vast body of water till it rises to the 
 summit of an artificial rock, is formed upon a large 
 scale, at a very considerable expense, and was con- 
 structed by the celebrated Paul Sandby. This cas- 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 143 
 
 cade is by the side of the high road leading to Win- 
 chester and Southampton. About half a mile from 
 the stone bridge is the Chinese Island, so named from 
 the building on it being after the Chinese manner. 
 
 About six miles from Windsor, on the northern 
 side of the Great Park, is the race-ground of Ascot- 
 heath. This is allowed to be one of the first courses 
 in the kingdom. The races on this course receive the 
 constant attention and encouragement of his Majesty. 
 A royal stand was erected upon the course, in 1822, 
 from a design by Mr. Nash. In its original elevation 
 the principal front presented a range of Doric columns, 
 with a corresponding entablature, supporting a flat 
 roof, designed for the accommodation of spectators, 
 and commanding a full view of the course. The 
 ornamental part of the exterior has been since mate- 
 rially altered by the removal of the Doric columns, 
 which were considered too heavy in their effect, and 
 others of a more slender form have been substituted. 
 The view of the course from the royal apartment is 
 consequently much more extensive. The principal 
 chamber is 27 feet by 17, and is tastefully fitted up 
 vjrith crimson draperies, &c. Besides this apartment, 
 the stand contains two handsome rooms, and, in the 
 basement story, are two others, adapted for the resi- 
 dence of the persons w^ho have charge of the building. 
 
 The Forest is of great extent, and was appropriated 
 to hunting by William I., who established many laws 
 and regulations for the preservation of the royal game, 
 and the better regulation of the Forest. By an Act 
 passed in 1813, for inclosing the open and commonable 
 lands within the said Forest, this large tract of land 
 was disafforested. 
 
144 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 CHAP. VII. 
 
 ETON. 
 
 Eton being immediately connected with Windsor, 
 and its College always an object of considerable at- 
 tention and importance, a concise account of it will 
 we presume be acceptable. 
 
 It is situated in Buckinghamshire, and, by means of 
 the bridge described in page 13 of this work, is in 
 a manner joined to Windsor. The town consists of 
 one long street, bounded on the east side by the river, 
 and on the west by extensive common fields. Pro- 
 ceeding along this street towards the College, we 
 pass, on the right hand, the Free School, endowed 
 by the late Mark Antony Porny^ Esq. in which 60 
 boys and 30 girls receive a gratuitous education*; 
 and on the opposite side of the street, at a short 
 distance, the Chapel of Ease, originally erected for 
 the inhabitants by the late Rev. William Hethering- 
 ton, one of the Fellows of the College, and a muni- 
 ficent benefactor to the charitable institutions of the 
 place, but which has been since rebuilt and enlarged 
 by the College. After crossing two small bridges 
 at the end of the street, we enter the College precinct, 
 and passing on the one side the Lodging, or Dames', 
 
 * Vide Appendix, H. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 145 
 
 Houses, as they are here called, and on the other the 
 burial ground and ante-chapel, a small gateway in 
 the centre of the building introduces us to the great 
 quadrangle of the College. 
 
 Eton College was founded by Henry VI., by a 
 charter bearing date the 11th Oct. 1440, and en- 
 dowed for the maintenance of a provost, ten priests, 
 four clerks, six choristers, twenty-five poor grammar 
 scholars, and twenty-five poor men. The buildings 
 were commenced in 1441, as appears from the patent 
 for collecting workmen. Henry Sever was the first 
 provost, and his immediate successor was William 
 Wayneflete, Bishop of Winchester, and founder of 
 Magdalen College in Oxford, who had been the 
 first master. This foundation was particularly ex- 
 cepted from spoliation in the Act for the Dissolution 
 of Colleges and Chantries, in the reign of Edward VI. 
 The establishment has, however, since been altered 
 and considerably enlarged, and now consists of a 
 provost, vice-provost, six fellows, two schoolmasters, 
 with their assistants, seventy scholars, seven clerks, 
 and ten choristers, besides various inferior officers 
 and servants. The independent scholars, usually 
 called oppidans, are very numerous, and are boarded 
 at private houses in the immediate environs of the 
 College. The average number of the whole scholars 
 for some years past has been upwards of 500. The 
 school is now fuller than was ever previously known. 
 
 The outer or great quadrangle is formed on the 
 north and west sides by the buildings of the schools ; 
 on the east side by the lodgings of the masters, the 
 clock tower, &c., under which is the principal en- 
 
 o 
 
146 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE, 
 
 trance to the cloisters ; and on the south side by the* 
 chapel. A statue, in bronze, of the royal founder, 
 erected by Dr. Godolphin, provost of the college, 
 who died in 1735, occupies a marble pedestal in the^ 
 centre of the court. 
 
 The chapel is a lofty edifice of stone, supported on 
 each side by massive buttresses which terminate in 
 crocketted pinnacles. An embrasured battlement is 
 continued round the building. Ascending to a spacious 
 porch near the east end of the structure, we enter the 
 chapel, which is 150 feet in length (exclusive of the 
 ante-chapel) and 65 feet high. Its principal feature* 
 are those of a simple and unaffected grandeur, 
 which it derives as well from its loftiness as from 
 the number and magnitude of the windows. The 
 effect is, however, in some degree diminished by 
 the injudicious mixture of a Grecian order with the 
 Gothic architecture of the building. The sides of 
 the chapel are wainscotted to a considerable height, 
 and present a series of stalls for the heads and superior 
 officers of the college, below these are the seats of 
 the noblemen educated at the school, and a gradation 
 of still lower tiers, to the floor of the chapel, are 
 those of the scholars generally. A fine Gothic altar- 
 piece of stone, enriched with canopied niches, is 
 entirely hidden by one of some magnitude, but of most 
 unmeaning character, said to have been erected by 
 Sir Christopher Wren*, under whose guidance th« 
 
 ^ It is a matter of some astouishment, that among the men of talent, 
 and worth, and opulence, that have entered the world from amongf 
 these *' antique towers," not one should have thought of distinguish- 
 ing the chapel of his College with an altar-piece more appropriat* 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 147 
 
 whole of the interior fittings up appear to have been 
 executed. The windows, elevated to a considerable 
 height, are of magnificent dimensions, but do not seem 
 ever to have been very richly ornamented with co- 
 loured glass. The organ is erected at the west end 
 of the chapel, over a handsome screen of the com- 
 posite order. 
 
 Passing through this, into the ante-chapel, our 
 attention is attracted by a fine marble statue of 
 Henry VI., by Bacon, which is placed upon a 
 pedestal immediately under the great western window. 
 This statue (erected in 1786) is elegant in its form 
 and proportions, and the gracefulness of the attitude 
 is peculiarly striking — perhaps even to an effect 
 somewhat theatrical ; — independent of this, the figure 
 is altogether feminine. 
 
 A singularly magnificent reading stand, of bronze, 
 five feet in height, with a variety of scriptural devices 
 in circular compartments, and probably of a date 
 coeval with the erection of the College, is placed 
 within a rail on the south side, near the entrance ; 
 and on the opposite side is a marble font of great 
 beauty. Above these, upon lofty piers, are raised the 
 statues of the pious Uenry,'^ and of St. George, 
 his tutelary saint. The pacific disposition of the 
 King is denoted by the palm branch which he bears 
 in his right hand, instead of a sceptre. Several old 
 
 than the mass of joiners' work which has so long and so improperly 
 occupied this situation. Surely amongst the abundance of pictorial 
 treasures that adorn the collections of many of these distinguished 
 individuals, some chef d'ouvre rafght be found for the purpose, worthy 
 alike of its object and its donor. 
 
 o 2 
 
148 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 brasses are distributed over the pavement of the ante- 
 chapel, and on the north side is a small mural monu- 
 ment to the Earl Waldegrave, who was drowned 
 when at school here, in 1794. 
 
 Among the eminent persons who lie buried here, 
 are Richard Lord Gray of Wilton, henchman to 
 King Henry VIII. ; John Longland, Bishop of Lin- 
 coln, confessor to that monarch; Sir Henry Saville, 
 Warden of Merton, and Provost of this. College, 
 who founded the Savillian professorships of astro- 
 nomy and geometry at Oxford; Sir Henry Wootton, 
 an eminent ambassador, statesman, and scholar, 
 in the reign of James I., and also Provost of Eton ; 
 Francis Rowse, a distinguished puritanical writer, 
 and one of the members of Cromwell's Upper House, 
 who died Provost of Eton, in 1658; and Dr. Al- 
 lestre, also a Provost, who built the Upper school 
 with the arcade beneath, at the expense of 1500/., 
 and died in 1680. 
 
 Returning to the great quadrangle, we pass through 
 a spacious arch under the clock tower, the face of 
 which is enriched with two beautiful morsels of sculp- 
 ture, to the cloisters, round which are the residences 
 of the provost and fellows. A flight of stone steps, on 
 the south side, conducts us to the hall, in which the 
 scholars upon the foundation take their commons ; this 
 is a spacious and lofty apartment, having a dais, or 
 state, at the west end, over which is a large canopy; 
 the centre of the hall is occupied with a circular 
 hearth for the winter fires, the smoke of which passes 
 through the lantern that rises from the roof imme- 
 diately over it; — upon occasions of peculiar im- 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 149 
 
 portance this apartment is hung with a suite of 
 tapestry. 
 
 From hence, by a small door near the buttery 
 hatch, we approach the staircase to the Library, which 
 forms the south side of the cloister, and consists of 
 three rooms of elegant proportions, divided by fluted 
 columns of the Corinthian order. The rooms are lofty 
 and surrounded by galleries, which add greatly to the 
 appearance and convenience of the whole : over a fire 
 place in the centre division is a fine portrait, on 
 wood, of Henry VI., and a small marble bust of that 
 monarch is supported by a corbel over the entrance 
 of the vestibule leading to the gallery staircase. The 
 gallery is ornamented with a portrait of the late 
 Antony Storer, Esq., a recent benefactor to the 
 library, and an animated bust of John Penn, Esq. 
 of Stoke Park; a curious Chinese map of the city of 
 Pekin is also placed in the gallery. The collection 
 of books is supposed to form one of the best selected 
 libraries in the kingdom; — among the literary trea- 
 sures which enrich these apartments, is an invaluable 
 collection of oriental manuscripts, in fine preservation, 
 given by Mr. Pote, of Bengal, and some beautifully 
 illuminated vellums, the gifts of various Etonians ; a 
 splendid collection of books and drawings, belonging 
 to the late Hichard Topham, Esq., of Windsor, has 
 also been presented to the College by his executors. 
 The last benefactor to the library was the late Antony 
 Storer, Esq. whose collection of books and paintings, 
 which he bequeathed to the College, were estimated 
 at 8000/. 
 
 In the provost/s lodgings are portraits of Queea 
 o 3 
 
150 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 Elizabeth, Sir Thomas Smith, a Provost of the Col- 
 lege, Sir Robert Walpole, Provost Stewart, Sir Henry 
 Saville, Sir Henry Wootton, and several other pro- 
 vosts. There is also a female portrait, on a panel, 
 said to be that of Jane Shore. The forehead is large, 
 but the features are small and uninteresting, and the 
 hair auburn. Her only covering is a thin veil thrown 
 loosely over her shoulders. The chief argument in 
 favour of the originality of this portrait, rests upon a 
 tradition that the provost of Eton College was the 
 confessor of this celebrated and unfortunate woman. 
 
 A small doorway at the north-east angle of the 
 cloister opens to the play-grounds, which consist of 
 several extensive meadows, well shaded by lofty trees, 
 and watered by the majestic river that bounds them 
 on the south-east. 
 
 The election of scholars to King's College, Cam- 
 bridge, founded also by Henry VI., takes place the 
 latter end of July, when the twelve senior scholars 
 are put on the roll to succeed to King's College, but 
 they are not removed till vacancies occur, the average 
 number of which is about nine in two years. In 
 the passage from the great quadrangle to the Lower 
 school, the names of the scholars upon the foundation 
 elected off to King's College since the year 1724, are 
 cut in the wainscot. It is a splendid list of talent ; 
 and there are names inscribed that are intimately 
 associated with our proudest recollections of the last 
 century. At nineteen years of age the scholars are 
 superannuated. Eton sends also two scholars to 
 Merton College, Oxford, where they are denominated 
 Post-masters ; and has likewise a few exhibitions of 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 151 
 
 21 guineas each, for its superannuated scholars, to en- 
 large whose funds the Rev. Mr. Chamberlayne, late 
 Fellow, bequeathed an estate of 80/. per annum, after 
 the death of his widow. The late Provost, Dr. Jona- 
 than Davis, also left a considerable legacy for the 
 same beneficial purpose. The scholars elected to 
 King's College succeed to fellowships at three years' 
 standing. 
 
 At the time of election, the Provost of King's 
 College, attended by two Posers, comes from Cam- 
 bridge, for the purpose of examining the candidates, 
 as well as those who are in turn to be moved to 
 their own college. At this period, public speeches, 
 selected from the classics, as also some of the 
 English poets, are recited by the senior scholars in 
 the school-room, after which they depart for the 
 summer vacation. 
 
 A singular custom is triennially observed here, 
 called Montem, from the mount in the village of Salt- 
 hill, about a mile from Eton, to which the whole 
 school march in military procession, with colours and 
 music, on Whit Tuesday in every third y^ar. On 
 this occasion a collection is made for the Captain of 
 the Boys on the Royal Foundation, to which every 
 person present is expected to contribute. This is 
 demanded for Salt-money, by some of the upper boys, 
 who, in elegant fancy dresses, are called Salt-bearers, 
 accompanied by their Servitors in similar, but less 
 sumptuous habits. 
 
 His present Majesty has generally honoured this 
 celebration with his presence, and has contributed 
 liberally for salt. The company assembled here of 
 
152 
 
 THK WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 late has been very numerous and splendid, and the 
 collections considerably increased. We have been 
 informed that the last amounted to upvrards of 1000/. 
 
 It is difficult to ascertain the origin of this singular 
 custom, but it appears to have arisen from the early 
 times of monkish superstition, v^hen the friars used 
 to sell their consecrated salt for medical purposes. 
 There are some traces of it to be found as far back 
 as the reign of Elizabeth, who, when on a visit to the 
 College, desired to see an account of the ancient 
 ceremonies observed there from its foundation. In 
 the list was an annual procession of the scholars, 
 who, on those occasions, repeated verses, and gathered 
 money from the public for a dinner and other purposes. 
 
 The manor of Eton was acquired by the College 
 in the reign of Edward IV. The parish church of 
 Eton, called, in ancient records, ^* Eton Gildables," 
 having been suffered to fall to decay, the inhabitants 
 were permitted to attend divine service in the College 
 Chapel, which, although capacious, was at length 
 found inadequate to the proper accommodation of so 
 large a congregation as was thereby occasioned. To 
 remedy the inconveniences which were mutually ex- 
 perienced, a Chapel of Ease was erected for them in 
 the town. The Provost of Eton is always Rector, 
 and possesses archidiaconal jurisdiction within the 
 parish. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 A. 
 
 Abstract of the Windsor Paving Acts of the 9th Geo, III, c, 10, 
 (1769), and ^7th Geo, IIL c, 8, (1807). 
 
 By these acts 61 commissioners were appointed from among the 
 principal inhabitants of the town and neighbourhood, having power to 
 elect others, as the demise, resignation, or incapacity of their members 
 might render such election expedient, under the following limitations, 
 viz. : " That no person shall be capable of acting as a commissioner in 
 the execution of this act, during the time he shall hold any office of 
 profit, or have any share or interest in any contract relating to the 
 execution of any of the powers of this act, or who is not in the pos- 
 session or receipt of the rents of lands, &e . of the clear yearly value of 
 50Z. or possessed of a personal estate alone to the value of 1500/. except 
 the mayor and justice of the peace and the under-steward of the said 
 borough for the time being, who are qualified to act as commissioners 
 by virtue of their respective offices." 
 
 The property of the pavement, present and future, of the streets and 
 lanes within the parish and borough, is vested in the commissioners, 
 who were authorised to bring actions or prefer indictments against 
 persons stealing, injuring, or destroying the same; but it is provided 
 that nothing contained in the act shall be construed to the prejudice of 
 the mayor and corporation in any of their estates or possessions, or to 
 take from them or lessen any income or ren-t reserved to them or their 
 successors, by virtue of any grant or charter, for any vaults or cellars 
 or other such their estates or possessions. Persons wilfully breaking, 
 throwing down, or damaging any of the lamps erected, lamp-posts, 
 irons, or other furniture thereof, or extinguishing any of the said 
 lamps, to be liable, on conviction upon the oath of one or more witness, 
 for the first offence to a penalty of 10*., for the second 15*., and for the 
 third and every subsequent offence, 20s. for every lamp, &c. so de- 
 stroyed, damaged, or extinguished ; one moiety of such penalty to be 
 given to the informer, and the remainder applied in aid of the rates 
 levied under the act. In default of payment, offenders to be committed 
 to the common gaol, and kept to hard labour, for a period not exceeding 
 two calendar months. 
 
 In order to prevent nuisances, annoyances, and obstructions in the 
 said streets and lanes, it is enacted that if any person or persons shall 
 
154 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 drive or place any carriage whatsoever, or shall ride, lead, drive, or 
 place any horse or beast, or shall drive any wheelbarrow, or shall run 
 any wheel, or draw any sledge, upon the foot pavement within the 
 borough, or shall throw or lay, or suffer to be thrown or laid, any ashes , 
 dirt, dust, soil, straw, fern, dung, or any filth or annoyance whatsoever, 
 either upon the carriage or foot pavements, in any of the said streets 
 or lanes within the same, or shall empty any privy, necessary-house, 
 or cess-pool, or carry any night-soil along any of the streets, lanes, or 
 other public passages or places within the said parish and borough, 
 before the hour of twelve at night or after four o'clock in the morning, 
 in any part of the year, or shall not sweep and cleanse the foot pavement 
 before their respective houses, buildings, and wlills, on Tuesday, 
 Thursday, and Saturday in every week, before ten o'clock in the 
 morning, or oftener if required so to do by the commissioners, or shall 
 carelessly or wilfully break or damage the pavements, or shall set out 
 or leave, or cause or procure to be set out or left, any carriage, timber, 
 stone, cask, or any other matter or thing which may occasion any 
 annoyance, nuisance, or obstruction whatsoever in the said streets or 
 lanes, or shall permit or suffer his or her swine to go at large in any 
 street, lane, or public place within the said parish, or shall take or carry 
 away the dirt, filth, or rubbish which shall be in any of the said streets 
 or lanes, unless appointed for that purpose by the commissioners, and 
 shall be thereof convicted upon the oath of one or more witness," every 
 person so offending shall, for every offence, forfeit penalties, varying 
 from IL to 5/. according to the several clauses of these acts, to be 
 levied by distress ; and in default of payment, such person shall be 
 committed to the borough gaol. 
 
 If any wooden or other flap door, iron grate, coal place covering, or 
 entrance belonging to any vault, cellar, or other place, lying under or 
 near to any part of the footway, or horse or carriage way, within the 
 limits of the act, shall be broken or damaged or out of repair, or shall 
 be removed or insecure, commissioners are to give notice to the owner 
 or occupier to amend or supply such flap, &c. within three days, under 
 a penalty of 50^. in case of non-compliance; and the charges of such 
 reparation, &c. to be levied by distress, under the warrant of the com- 
 missioners. 
 
 No person to hang up or expose for sale any goods, &c. on or over 
 the foot or carriage ways, so as to obstruct, incommode, or incon- 
 venience passengers, horses, or carriages passing, or to set or place 
 hny cart, waggon, dray, truck, or other carriage, with or without 
 horses, in any of the streets or lanes, longer than a reasonable time for 
 loading or unloading the same, or suffer any horse or horses which 
 have been haling or drawing any boat or barge up the river to be placed 
 in any of the streets, &c., and remain there for the space of half an 
 hour after such haling, &c. or permit his or her horses, beasts, or 
 goats to go at large in any of the streets, under a penally of lO*. for 
 every offence. 
 
 The owners of houses, shops, warehouses, or other buildings ad- 
 joining or contiguous to any of the streets or lanes within the said 
 parish and borough, are, within one month after notice from the com- 
 missioners, to cause all water to be conveyed from the roofs, eaves, 
 cornices, and penthouses of such houses, shops, &c., and so into the 
 common channels or drains, by proper pipes or trunks, to be affixed to 
 
THE MINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 155 
 
 the sides of such houses, &c. in such manner as in such notice shall be 
 directed, or otherwise shall convey the same into their own respective 
 private grounds, and in default thereof, the commissioners may cause 
 the same to be done, and levy the expenses attending the same by dis- 
 tress and sale. Private drains are directed to be repaired and cleansed 
 to the satisfaction of the surveyor or other proper officer of the com- 
 missioners, within five days after notice given to that effect ; in default 
 of compliance, the commissioners may cause the same to be done, and 
 the charges thereof, and of the reparation of damage to the pavement 
 occasioned thereby, to be paid by the owners. 
 
 No person is to make or cause to be made any alteration in the form 
 of the pavement, or any encroachment thereon, without the consent of 
 the commissioners, who are authorised to grant license in writing to 
 make all necessary inclosures before the houses of the inhabitants, in 
 order to the pulling down, rebuilding, or repairing the same, or any 
 vault, drain, or building belonging thereto. 
 
 Every owner or occupier intending to rebuild, alter, or amend any 
 house or other building abutting, &c. to give notice in writing to the 
 surveyor or inspector, or to the clerk or treasurer, in order that such 
 surveyor, &c. may attend to view and examine such house or building 
 previous to any alteration and amendment, and in case any person 
 shall proceed to alter without such notice, to forfeit 5Z. 
 
 The owners of waterworks are to repair all damages done to the 
 pavements by their agents or servants, or by reason of the bursting of 
 any pipe or pipes. 
 
 A penalty of 40*. is imposed for obstructing, hindering, or molesting 
 any surveyor or other officer, or person employed by the commissioners 
 to carry the act into effect. 
 
 A penalty not exceeding 6/. is imposed upon victuallers, who know- 
 ingly harbour or entertain any watchman employed within the limits 
 of the act, or suffer them to remain in his or their house during any part 
 of the time appointed for their being on duty. 
 
156 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 B. 
 
 Windsor Bridge, 
 
 Tolls to be paid and taken at this bridge, pursuant to Act of Par- 
 liament, viz.:— 
 
 For every horse or other beast drawing any coach, chariot, s, d. 
 
 landau, barouche, chaise, calash, phaeton, vis-a-vis, diligence, 
 
 litter, or caravan, or other such carriage, the sum of . . 0 6 
 For every horse or other beast drawing any chaise, chair, gig, 
 
 taxed-cart, or other carriage of the like nature .... 06 
 For every horse or other beast drawing any waggon, cart, car, 
 
 wain, dray, truck, sledge, or other carriage of the like nature 0 B 
 For every drove of oxen or other neat cattle, per score, or in 
 
 proportion 18 
 
 For every drove of calves, swine, sheep, or Iambs, per score, or 
 
 in proportion 0 10 
 
 For every horse, mule, or ass, laden or unladen, and not drawing 0 2 
 Tolls to be paid once a day. 
 
 The Act of Parliament under which tolls were taken for the old 
 bridge prescribed a toll for all carriages and horses of burden, and 
 exempted those used for pleasure. The toll was taken every time of 
 passing, and barges going through the bridge were also charged. The 
 carriages and horses of the burgesses of Windsor were exempted 
 from toll, but in applying for power to erect a new bridge, the Corpo- 
 ration waived this privilege. The advantages to the commercial 
 interest of Windsor and Eton under the laew act, by making the toll 
 payable once a day only, must be evident. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 157 
 
 c. 
 
 Endowed Charities, 
 
 FREE SCHOOL. 
 
 RENT CHARGES AND 
 RENT OF LAND. 
 
 John Porter . . . 
 
 Geo. (not John) Pyle 
 
 Allotment of Waste 
 under the Inclosure 
 Act, expected to pro 
 dace annually . • 
 
 Thos. Clever, Clerk . 
 
 Donors. 
 
 Theodore Randue 
 John Clark .... 
 
 FUNDED PROPERTY 
 AND LEGACIES. 
 
 Rd. Hale, M.D. . . 
 Rd. Topham . . . 
 Ld. Ch. Justice Reeve 
 
 Mrs. Hannah Lowther 
 Thos. Rutter, Sen.Ald. 
 
 Horatio Ripley . 
 Richard Farrington 
 
 Dona- 
 tion. 
 
 1711 
 
 1713 
 
 Rent 
 Charge 
 
 Laud 
 4/. p.a. 
 
 1719 
 
 1724 
 1710 
 
 Rent 
 Charge 
 
 500/. 
 60 
 
 1727 
 1729 
 1737 
 
 1757 
 1769 
 
 1789 
 1793 
 
 500 
 100 
 100 
 
 100 
 1,000 
 
 100 
 50 
 
 Trustees. 
 
 Present 
 Income. 
 
 Trustees of Charity 
 School .... 
 
 George Grove, and D. 
 Pyle .... 
 
 Paid by Minor Canons 
 
 Sir E. Bacon, Bart. ; 
 Dr. C. M. Sutton, 
 Abp. of Canterbury ; 
 Dr.H. W.Majendie, 
 now Bp. of Bangor ; 
 and J. Slingsby, de- 
 ceased .... 
 
 Dean and Canons, 
 Mayor,two Senior Al 
 dermen, and Vicar . 
 
 Received by Treasurer 
 
 Received by Treasurer 
 
 Carried forward 
 
 P 
 
1^ 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 FREE SCHOOL, -^-Continued. 
 
 Donors. 
 
 FUNDED PROPERTY 
 AND LEGACIES. 
 
 RichardBenning(to be 
 paid after the decease 
 of his brother Robert) 
 who died in . . . 1799 
 
 The Trustees have*^ 1802 
 
 purchased in the 
 
 same stock, from 1804 
 
 Surpluses in their 
 
 Treasurer's hands 1804 
 
 on settling the Ac- 
 
 compts ... 
 Eliz. Hopkins 
 Eliz. Jarman . . 
 
 The Trustees have*] 
 purchased in the! 
 same stock . . J 
 James Mingay, M.D. 
 
 M. M. Nevin . 
 Rev. S. Sewell 
 
 Rev. C. Grape, D.D. 
 
 1807 
 1803 
 1899 
 
 1812 
 1815 
 
 1813 
 
 1814 
 1815 
 
 1815 
 
 Dona- 
 tion. 
 
 400/. 
 
 4 p. ct. 
 100/. 
 
 100/. 
 
 200/. 
 
 100/. 
 100/. 
 500/. 
 3 p. ct, 
 
 200/. 
 200/. 
 
 1,000/. 
 Navy 
 
 5 p. ct. 
 50/. 
 600/. 
 
 clear of 
 Legacy 
 Duty. 
 
 100/. 
 
 3 p. ct, 
 
 Trustees. 
 
 Brought forward 
 
 Dr. C. M. Sutton,^ 
 Abp.of Canterbury; 
 Dr. Majendie, now 
 Bp. of Bangor; Ed- 
 ward Parker ; John 
 Slingsby . . , 
 
 Reed, by Treasurer 
 Hon. & Rev. E Legge, 
 Dean ; Rev. H.Plim- 
 ley. Vicar; E. Bo- 
 vingdon, Mayor; J. 
 Egelstone, Treas, 
 
 Present 
 Income. 
 
 Reed, by Treasurer 
 Jas. Egelstone, Trea- 
 surer ; James Atkins, 
 Alderman ; Charles 
 Layton, Mayor ; Rev. 
 J. Graham, Vicar 
 Mayor and Corpora- 
 tion . . 
 
 Permanent Income . 
 
 £. s.d. 
 67 10 0 
 
 167 
 
 The annual Expenses of this Charity are about 250/, per annum. 
 The difference is made up by his Majesty's Bounty (about 25/. de- 
 ducting Office Fees) and private Subscriptions. Thirty Boys and 
 twenty Girls are educated and clothed. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 159 
 
 ALMSHOUSES. — SHEET-STREET. 
 
 Present Income* 
 
 1503 — J.Thompson, W.Huntred, and J. Comb (feoffees in 
 trust from W. Pa^'nell and T. Hunt) assigned to the 
 Corporation four tenements and a garden in Sheet- 
 street, for the residence of eight poor men and women. 
 1510 — Th. Brotherton, alias Hunt, gave in trust to the Corpo- 
 ration, for the support of the above almshouses, about 
 21^ acres of land in the parish of Warfield, then of the 
 yearly value of 4/. This amount was progressively 
 increased till the year 1768, when, by a special Act of 
 Parliament (8 Geo. III. cap. 63), the whole of this 
 property, with the exception of a rent-charge of 2s. on 
 two acres at Ferris-hill, was assigned to John Hart 
 Cotton, Esq. for ever, at the yearly rent-charge of 27/. 
 1596 — Th. J enkinson, by will, gave, in trust to the Corporation , 
 5^ acres of land and an ayot, at Ruscomb (actually 
 only 4^ acres) ; the rents and profits to be distributed 
 at the discretion of the mayor, three senior aldermen, 
 and minister. This is applied in support of the above 
 
 1666 — Rd. Gallis gave, in trust to the Corporation, a legacy, 
 with which was bought Munday's Close, about 
 acres, for the relief and maintenance of almshouses 32 0 0 
 
 Two tenements have been since erected on this 
 land. It was let at an improved rent in 1811, by 
 tender. 
 
 1814 — Mary Field, by will, gave, in trust to the Corporation, 
 200/., from which 10 per cent, being deducted for the 
 legacy duty, the trustees, with the remaining 180/., 
 purchased 200/. Nav^ 5 per Cent., the interest of which, 
 by the donor's will, is expended in bread and coals for 
 the widows and widowers in these almshouses. Five 
 pounds has been added out of the above improved 
 rents, that the whole number of twelve may partake 
 of this benefit, some being single women .... 10 0 0 
 
 almshouses 
 
 10 0 0 
 
 £79 2 0 
 
 These houses were rebuilt (out of the rents) 
 in 1702, and adapted for the reception of 
 twelve poor persons, each of whom now 
 receives 4/. annually, by quarterly pay- 
 ments 
 
 £48 0 0 
 15 0 0 
 
 For bread and coals 
 
 £63 0 0 
 
 The surplus revenue is expended in repairs, 
 and the balance annually brought forward. 
 
 P 2 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE, 
 
 reeve's. 
 
 1688 — Richard Reeve, bj deed, assigned to the Corporation, 
 in trust, four tenements with gardens, situated near the 
 Bachelors' Acre (then called Pitt's Fields), for the use 
 of four poor men and women during their lives. The 
 Corporation have alwajs repaired the said houses at 
 their own charge 10 0 0 
 
 1730 — Richard Topham, by will, gave 10s. each per annum to 
 these four persons ; a rent-charge on the estate now 
 belonging to F. Reppel, Esq 2 0 0 
 
 1809 — Elizabeth Jarraan, by will, gave, in trust to the vicar, 
 mayor, and churchwardens, lOOZ. East India stock, the 
 interest to be divided annually amongst the above four 
 persons on the 16th of March 10 10 0 
 
 £22 10 0 
 
 There is a large tenement in Park-street, which con- 
 tains twelve rooms, inhabited by twelve poor persons, 
 nominated by the churchwardens. There are no docu- 
 ments relating to the origin of this charity. The pre- 
 mises being in a ruinous state, were rebuilt in 1720, 
 at an expense of 201Z. 5^. 2c?., by a subscription of 
 164Z. 135. 6d. and the excess paid by the Corporation. 
 The current repairs are now defrayed by the church- 
 wardens. 
 
 1817— Elizabeth Webb, by will, gave to the minister, mayor, 
 and churchwardens, in trust, 50Z. in 5 per Cent. Bank 
 Annuities, the interest thereof to be distributed, on 
 12th July and 12th January, to the poor people in the 
 several almshouses of New W indsor (deducting legacy 
 duty) 250 
 
 1815 — Rev. S. Sewell, by his will, dated February 6, gave 
 three houses in Peascod-street to be converted into 
 almshouses, and directed three more to be built, and 
 to be occupied by six poor persons, four to be chosen 
 from the parish of New Windsor and two from Clewer ; 
 and also gave 600/., clear of the legacy duty, to endow 
 them. To this bequest, from the circumstance of Mr. 
 Sewell's will being made only three days before his 
 decease, the executors have started objections under 
 the Statute of Mortmain. 
 
 1663 — Henry Lucas left, by will,7000Z. for founding an hospital 
 for the maintenance of a master (who is to be chaplain), 
 to receive 50L per annum, and as many poor men as 
 may be conveniently provided for, to receive 10/. per 
 annum. These persons are chosen by the Master and 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 161 
 
 Wardens of the Drapers' Company in London, upon the 
 nomination of sixteen parishes in the Forest Division 
 of Berks (amongst which New Windsor is one), and 
 seventeen parishes in Surrey. 
 
 After the building of this hospital, an estate in Bed- 
 fordshire was purchased at a cost of upwards of 4000^. ; 
 the lands consist of 263 acres, and produced, in 1665, 
 240/. per annum. The number of brethren is generally 
 reputed to be sixteen, which number is now kept up, 
 although formerly six or seven constituted the esta- 
 blishment. 
 
 FOR APPRENTICING. 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 1670 — Doctor John Heaver gave, by will, in trust to the 
 Corporation, 50/. ; the interest to be applied in ap- 
 prenticing poor children. 
 
 1696 — William Child, in his lifetime, gave to the Corporation 
 50Z. to be applied for the benefit of the poor, at their 
 discretion. The Corporation have applied this gift in 
 aid ot Dr. Heaver's legacy, and for the last thirty 
 years, have added 5/ 10 0 0 
 
 1709— Anne Church (not Eliz. Metcalfe) left, in trust, to the 
 minister and churchwardens, 100/., the interest to be 
 applied in apprenticing a poor boy annually. The 
 executors refusing to pay this legacy, a suit was insti- 
 tuted, which being decided in favour of the Charity, 
 the bequest, with accumulated interest, bought 200/. 
 Old South SeaStock 600 
 
 1709 — Anne Church, by will, directed her executors to pur- 
 chase land of the yearly value of 4/. to be applied alter- 
 nately between Windsor and Stoke Poges, for the 
 same purpose. In consequence of the above-named 
 suit, the principal was divided between the parishes, 
 and 47/. 17s. 6d. was paid into the office of the Remem- 
 brancer of the Court of Exchequer, where it remains, 
 producing 188 
 
 £17 8 8 
 
 FOR APPRENTICING BOYS, REWARDING DILIGENT APPRENTICES, 
 AND MARRYING POOR MAIDENS. 
 
 1672 — Archbishop Laud left to the (Corporation, in trust, fee- 
 farm rents of the annual value of iO/., that five young 
 boys, the children of honest poor people, and born in 
 New Windsor, might be bound apprentices, the master 
 of each receiving a premium of 10/, 3 this was to be 
 P 3 
 
162 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 a, s, d. 
 
 done for two successive years ; and on the third year 
 the said rents were to be divided as a marriage portion 
 between three poor maids, born in New Windsor of 
 honest parents, who have served one master or mis- 
 tress for three years together. This estate, after 
 
 deducting the land-tax, produces • 40 18 3 
 
 1724— Theodore Randue, by will, left 1000/., to which his 
 executors, by a discretionary power, added 250/. 
 With this sum they purchased lands in Winkfield and 
 Bray, and vested the same, by a trust deed, in the 
 Corporation, for augmenting Archbishop Laud's cha- 
 rity, and for setting up in trade young men who had 
 duly served seven years' apprenticeship ; the rents to 
 be so employed for two successive years ; and the 
 produce of every third year to be given to three poor 
 maidens, upon the same conditions as in the original 
 
 charity 159 18 0 
 
 Both these charities have special visitors — 
 
 £200 16 a 
 
 For many years the rents of Mr. Randue's legacy 
 were little more than the produce of Archbishop 
 Laud's ; but the income of this charity progressively 
 increasing, it was deemed right to consolidate the two 
 bequests. Their advantages are now extended in the 
 following manner : — For two years successively seven 
 boys are apprenticed, the master of each receiving a 
 premium of 15/. ; and the same sum is paid for two 
 years successively to seven young men who have pro- 
 perly served out their apprenticeships. In the third 
 years the number of young women has been increased 
 from three to five on each establishment, to whom 
 have been paid the sum of 20/. each without deduction . 
 With the produce of occasional falls of timber on 
 Mr. Randue's estate, the Corporation have purchased 
 500/. in the 4 per Cent. Stock ; the land-tax on all the 
 estates has been redeemed ; and considerable expenses 
 have been incurred by theluclosure Acts. 
 
 FOR BREAD TO THE POOR. 
 
 1603— Thomas Needham, by will, gave, in trust to the vicar 
 and churchwardens, three houses ; the rents to be 
 applied in purchasing bread for twelve poor persons, to 
 be distributed after Sunday morning service. Two 
 houses near the Church gate are now thrown into one, 
 which is let on lease, as the Ship public-house, at 55/. 
 per annum. Until 1813 it was let on lease at 8/. per 
 annum, by a decree of the Court of Chancery. The 
 tenement in Peascod-street is let on lease at 8/. 8f. 63 8 0 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE, 
 
 163 
 
 1614 — Agnes Urmntone, bj will, gave to the churchwardens, 
 in trust, 4^ acres of land situated at Langley, to pur- 
 chase bread for the poor. This estate is let on lease. 
 The tenant having paid the expenses of the inclosure, 
 which were considerable, there is a deduction from the 
 
 1693—William Galland, by will, gave to the churchwardens 
 a rent charge on the tenement, now the Three Tuns 
 public-house, to be distributed in bread at discretion 3 0 0 
 1803— Eliz. Hopkins gave, by will, 100/. Navy 5 per Cents. 
 
 to the churchwardens, to be distributed in bread . 5 0 0 
 
 The produce of the preceding four charities, amount- 
 ing to 78/. 8^. is distributed throughout the year, after 
 divine service on Sundays, to 48 poor persons, who 
 each receive a half-quarten loaf. This distribution on 
 the average amounts to the above sum ; but a parti- 
 cular account is kept, by which the surplus or deficit 
 of each year is accounted for. 
 1673— Margaret Osbourne gave, by will, 25/., in trust to the 
 Corporation, to purchase corn or coals for the poor. 
 In 1673, the Corporation added 10/. to this legacy, and 
 purchased about 1^ acre of land, of F. Ridley, at 
 Langley, from the rent of which is now distributed 
 2/. 105. on the 1st of January, in bread .... 2 10 0 
 1676 — Richard Reeve, by deed, gave to the Corporation 5^ 
 acres of land, to distribute, out of the rents thereof y to 
 50 poor people, half-yearly, (12th January and 12th 
 July,) one shilling in bread" during their lives. This 
 is considered as a rent charge on the estate ... 500 
 1732 — Arabella Reeve, by will, gave in trust to the church- 
 wardens, a rent charge, which is now fixed on a house 
 in the High-street, the property of Col. Suckling, to be 
 distributed on the 20th May, to 100 of the poorest 
 
 people, in twelvepenny loaves 5 0 0 
 
 1772 — Mary Gregory gave, by will, in trust to the church- 
 wardens, 50/. in the 3 per Cents., the interest to be 
 distributed to the poor, in bread, on 20th Sept. in each 
 
 year . 1 10 0 
 
 1795 — James Panton gave, by will, 50/. Navy 5 per Cent, the 
 interest to be distributed by the mayor, in bread, to 25 
 poor persons, on the 12th Jan. and 12th July ... 2 10 0 
 
 1781— Martha Ben well left the interest of 100/. 5 per Cent 
 stock, to her niece Judith May ; at her death, to Mary, 
 the daughter of Judith May ; and at the decease of the 
 said Mary, to the poor of Windsor, to be given in bread, 
 at the discretion of the minister and churchwardens. 
 Judith May is now living ; Mary May is dead. 
 
 1803 — Charles Ballard, by will, gave in trust to his son and 
 executor, Charles Ballard, 290/. in the 3 per Cent. 
 
 7 0 0 
 
 £94 18 0 
 
164 
 
 THE WINDSOR GXJIDE. 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 Consols, to be disposed of, either in bread or money, 
 for the use of the poor of this parish. 
 This bequest has not been received by the parish. 
 
 EDUCATION. 
 
 Endowed Income of the Free School, as before 
 
 stated • • • . 167 4 0 
 
 1704—- Mary Barker, by will, gave 360/. for " appointing a 
 sober, pious, and able protestant schoolmaster or 
 mistress, in the several parishes of New Windsor, 
 Egham, and Yately, to teach poor children to read the 
 Holy Bible, and the females to sew and make plain 
 work, and to knit." Pursuant to an Order of the Court 
 of Chancery an estate was purchased at Sunninghill, 
 which was originally let at 17Z. per annum. This was 
 lately exchanged for land of equal or superior value at 
 Wokingham, which is now let to Mr. Paul Holton,for 
 31Z. 10*. per annum. Expenses reduce the share of 
 each parish to 10/., which is paid to the several trustees, 
 who appoint the schoolmaster or mistress, and elect 
 the scholars. Mr. John Banister is trustee for Wind- 
 sor ; and 12 children are educated 10 0 0 
 
 1795— John Marratt left, in trust to the vicar and church- 
 wardens, 600Z. in the 4 per Cent. Consols, for the 
 following purposes : — 
 To the Sunday School of New Windsor (now applied 
 
 to the National School) 550 
 
 To teach six poor girls their catechism, to read the 
 Bible, and sew plain-work ; which is paid to a 
 
 capable schoolmistress 5 4 0 
 
 To teach 12 poor boys of New Windsor or Clewer, 
 from 6 years of age, their catechism., and to read the 
 Bible well, which is paid to a capable schoolmaster 10 8 0 
 To the Vicar of New Windsor, or his Curate, to 
 preach a sermon on New Year's Day, Ash Wednes- 
 day, and Good Friday ; and if New Year's Day falls 
 on a Sunday, the 21s. to be laid out in bread for the 
 
 poor, and given on that day 3 3 0 
 
 1795 — James Panton gave, in trust to the vicar and church- 
 wardens, 85/. 9*. Id. 3 per Cent. Consols, in aid of the 
 Sunday School, (now applied to the National School) 2 11 2 
 
 ladies' school. 
 
 1795— Richard Benning gave, by will, 1000/. stock, 4 per ^ 
 Cent. Consols, to the treasurer and managers of the 
 Subscription School, Peascod-street, Windsor . . 40 0 0 
 
 1803 — Eliz. Hopkins gave, by will, to the treasurer and ma- 
 nagers of the Ladies' Charity School for girls, in New 
 Windsor, 200/. for the general purposes of the said 
 Chariy 10 0 0 
 
 £253 15 2 
 
THE WINDSOR ©UIDE. 
 
 165 
 
 £. «. d. 
 
 EMPLOYMENT. 
 
 1621 — (not 1653) — Andrew Windsor, by will, gave in trust 
 to the dean and mayor, 200/,, to be laid out in the 
 buying of lands, or to be preserved as a stock, whereby 
 the poor might be continually employed in the making 
 of cloth. A rent-charge, in lieu of this, of 14/. per 
 annum, was charged upon Windsor Mill ; which being 
 sold to Queen Anne, the rent charge is now paid out of 
 the butchers' shambles .......... 14 0 0 
 
 1664 — William Day, by deed, assigned to the Corporation a 
 house, in Peascod-street ; the rents and profits to be 
 distributed at the discretion of the mayor .... 800 
 
 This house being in a ruinous state, was let on a re- 
 pairing lease. The lessee has expended upwards of 
 150/. on it, which is an equivalent for the smallness of 
 the rent. 
 
 1668 — William Day assigned 4 acres of land, in Langley, the 
 rents and profits to be given to the poor, at the dis- 
 cretion of the mayor, three senior aldermen, and 
 chamberlain. These lands have been lately exchanged 
 under the Inclosure Act, and let by tender ... 950 
 
 £31 5 0 
 
 The produce of the two preceding assignments has 
 been invariably applied in aid of Andrew Windsor's 
 charity. 
 
 This is called the Spinning Charity : the income is 
 employed in purchasing flax, which is spun by the poor, 
 and made into sheeting ; 28 sheets are annually given 
 by the Corporation to poor persons, and the remainder 
 sold, and carried to the annual account of the cham- 
 berlain of the poor, accoi'ding to the will of the ori- 
 ginal donor. 
 
 TO THE POOR, WITH LIMITATIONS. 
 
 1621— Dr. Challoner gave, by will, out of his estates in East 
 Oakley, in Bray, a rent charge of 6/. to be distributed 
 to 12 of the godliest poor of New Windsor, to be 
 chosen and changed yearly, by the dean, the mayor, 
 and the minister. From this amount 155. 6c?. is de- 
 ducted for land tax 5 4 6 
 
 1673 — Catherine Carey gave 100/. to be expended for the 
 benefit of six widows, at the discretion of John Carey, 
 and Giles Gent, Esqrs. 1679— John Carey, by a deed, 
 in lieu of the above sum, and not in addition to it, 
 charged an annuity of 6/. on the Catharine Wheel Inn, 
 Colnbrook, to be given to six of the poorest widows, 
 to be elected for their lives, by the Corporation . 6 0 0 
 
166 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 £. s, d, 
 
 1732*— Arabella Reeve gave, by will, 6/, per annum, to be 
 paid to the Corporation of Windsor, to be given yearly, 
 on the 16th of November, to six poor widows, lame or 
 blind, born and inhabiting in this parish. This is now 
 charged on the house belonging to W. Suckling, Esq. 6 0 0 
 
 1709— Eliz. Metcalfe, by will, gave 80/., the interest to be 
 distributed to four poor housekeepers, born in the 
 parish, and not receiving alms ; two to be chosen by 
 the vicar, and two by the overseers. Some litigation 
 having arisen with regard to this legacy, it was ordered 
 to be paid, by the Court of Exchequer, into the office 
 of its Remembrancer. The nominal interest is 
 21. 5s, lOtf., but as there is a deduction of 5*. for office 
 fees, on the receipt of this and Mrs. Church's legacy 
 for apprenticing poor boys, the clear produce does not 
 exceed 2Z.2* . 2 2 0 
 
 1711 — John Clarke, by will, gave in trust to the vicar and 
 churchwardens, a rent charge on a house in High- 
 street, the corner of St. Alban's-street, for 20 poor 
 housekeepers not receiving alms 2 10 0 
 
 1730— -Richard Topham gave, by will, as a rent charge on the 
 estate now the property of F. Keppel, Esq. 10s, each, 
 to be distributed to 12 poor housekeepers, not re- 
 ceiving parish relief ; the like sum to four persons in 
 Reeve's Almshouses, as noticed before .... 600 
 
 1730 — Barbara Jordan gave, in trust to the churchwardens, 
 one acre of land at Brentford, then of the value of 3/. ; 
 the rent to be given to " three ancient maidens, per- 
 sons born and residing in New Windsor, not receiving 
 alms of the parish." This land was afterwards let on 
 lease for 40 years, at 21, ; which lease expiring in 1801, 
 it was let to a tenant at will, at 5/. 5*. and the produce 
 is now given to five " ancient maidens" .... 550 
 
 1575 — Henry Francklin left various sums to the poor of 
 Windsor, amounting to the yearly value of 8/. By a 
 decree of the Commissioners for Charitable Uses, dated 
 7th Jac. I., John Phippea, owner of a tenement in 
 Moor-street, and of a tenement and four acres of land 
 at Clewer, was ordered to pay 10*. quarterly to the 
 poor of Windsor ; 6*. to the two poorest couple mar- 
 ried within the year ; and 3*, 4cZ. to the Church. The 
 10*. and 3*. 4rf. were never received ; the 6*. was 
 
 recently paid, but is now refused. 
 
 aO'33 1 6 
 
 VICARAGE. 
 
 1487 — William Evington gave to the vicar and his suc- 
 cessors for ever, the house over against the church. 
 
 1724— Theodore Randue gave to the vicar and his suc- 
 cessors 200/., for augmenting the vicarage, with which 
 lands were purchased. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 167 
 
 WORKHOUSE. 
 
 1604 — Thomas Aldem gave a close of ground, at Puttock's 
 Gate, for the purpose of erecting a pest-house on. On 
 this ground the present workhouse is built ; the ori- 
 
 final settlement contains a clause that the said work- 
 ouse, in the event of a visitation of the plague, is to 
 revert to the purpose designed by Thomas Aldem. 
 1618 — William Lande gave to the poor, out of the garden 
 next the pest-house, ^s, per annum. As no account 
 of the receipt of this donation appears in any document 
 extant, it is presumed that an equivalent was taken by 
 inclosing part of the property into the pest-house 
 garden. 
 
 1730 — Richard Tophara, by will, gave 500Z. to build a work- 
 house, to employ the poor. 
 
 1732— Arabella Reeve gave 500/., or more if wanted, to the 
 same. Chief Justice Reeve completed the workhouse, 
 the whole cost of which was 1,074/. 2s. 6d, 
 
 There are several grants from the Crown to the 
 parish, which bein^ originally fixed as equivalent for 
 the payment of parish rates, are applied in aid of the 
 parochial assessment of the poor. 
 
 ABSTRACT OF THE ANNUAL AMOUNT OF THE CHARITIES OF 
 WINDSOR. 
 
 £. S. d. 
 
 For the Support of Almshouses , . . . 103 17 0 
 
 For Apprenticing poor Boys 17 8 8 
 
 Laud's and Randue's Charities 200 16 3 
 
 For Bread to the Poor 94 18 0 
 
 For Education 253 15 2 
 
 For Employment 31 5 0 
 
 To the Poor, with Limitations 33 1 6 
 
 Total . . . J735 1 7 
 
16a 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 D. 
 
 Arrival of his Majesty at Windsor Castle, 
 
 It having been determined by his Majesty to take up his residence 
 at the Castle on Wednesday, the 1st of October, 1823, a general 
 meeting of the inhabitants of the borough of New Windsor was held 
 at the Guildhall, on Friday, August 22, " to take into consideration 
 the most efficient means of celebrating the jojful event of his Majesty's 
 arrival at his Palace of Windsor," when it was unanimously resolved, 
 that his Majesty's arrival at Windsor should be celebrated by adequate 
 ceremonials and rejoicings ; — that a dinner should be given to the poor 
 inhabitants of the borough, with public amusements during the day ; — 
 and that the inhabitants of the town and neighbourhood should be 
 invited to a public dinner at the Town-hall, and to a public ball and 
 supper at the same place on the following evening. It was also 
 resolved that a general illumination should be displayed on the night 
 of his Majesty's arrival, and on the following evening; and a committee 
 was appointed to make the necessary arrangements. 
 
 The subscriptionsforcarryingthese resolutions into effect commenced 
 on a very liberal scale, and, in addition, many generous donations were 
 made to the committee. Amongst others were a fat ox, to be roasted 
 whole, presented by Mr. Banister and Mr. Adams, of Windsor ; two 
 fat sheep, also to be roasted whole, presented by the Bachelors of 
 Windsor ; two fat sheep, presented by Mr. Botham, of Salthill ; and 
 a sufficient quantity of good old port wine, to enable every poor person 
 present at the dinner to drink to the health of his Sovereign, was pre- 
 sented by Mr. Austin, of Windsor. 
 
 At a meeting of the committee, held on the 27th of August, a general 
 plan was determined upon as follows : — 
 
 A public dinner to the poor. 
 
 The ox and two sheep to be roasted whole. 
 
 A grand display of fireworks. 
 
 A public dinner at the Town-ball. 
 
 A public ball at the same place. 
 
 Two general illuminations. 
 And the sub-committees were appointed to make the requisite arrange- 
 ments. 
 
 The next object of the general committee was to select the most 
 eligible situations for carrying their plans into effect. The Bachelors' 
 Acre was fixed upon for roasting the ox and sheep, and the Long 
 Walk appearing to be the most convenient spot for the dinner to the 
 poor and the display of fireworks, it became necessary to obtain his 
 Majesty's permission for that purpose, which the committee had the 
 gratification to receive through Earl Harcourt, to whom applicatioa 
 had been made as Deputy Ranger of Windsor Great P^»Tk. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 1G9 
 
 On the 29th of September a general meeting of the inhabitants was 
 liold at the Guildhall, when the following address to his Majesty was 
 unanimously adopted : — 
 
 TO THE king's MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY, 
 
 The loyal and dutiful Address of the Mayor ^ Bailiffs ^ Burgesses ^ 
 Recorder J Town Clerk, and other inhabitants of the Borough of New 
 Windsor, 
 " May it please your Majesty, 
 " We, the Mayor, Bailiffs, Burgesses, Recorder, Town Clerk, 
 and other inhabitants of the Borough of New Windsor, most humbly 
 and respectfully' approach your Majesty, to offer our heartfelt and 
 dutiful congratulations upon the joyful event of your Majesty's arrival 
 at your Castle of Windsor. 
 
 ** On this occasion your Majesty's most affiectionate subjects and 
 servants have a debt of gratitude to acknowledge, the expression of 
 which they most earnestly off*er to your Majesty. They beg to assure 
 you. Sire, that their obligations for the especial kindness and protection 
 of your Majesty's illustrious family, during a long series of years, can 
 never be forgotten ; and that, under every circumstance, these obli- 
 gations have united with the homage which your Majesty's public and 
 private virtues must command, to bind them in the most unvarying 
 attachment to your Royal Person, and the most cordial support of your 
 Majesty's kind and paternal government. 
 
 ** In witnessing your Majesty's arrival at ibis renowned palace of 
 your ancestors, we feel. Sire, that the Castle of Windsor will acquire 
 new glories by your Majesty's residence ; and that the future historian 
 of this abode of a long line of illustrious kings, will point to the whole 
 course of your Majesty's government, as an evidence that with your 
 Majesty's name is associated all that is wise and just in legislation, all 
 that is heroic in naval and military triumphs, and all that is permanent 
 in national prosperity, as much as with those of the greatest Sovereigns 
 whose memory has consecrated this * proud keep of Windsor'— the 
 emblem of the British monarchy, in its strength, its grandeur, and its 
 endurance. 
 
 ** In our anticipation of the benefits which the Borough of New 
 Windsor must derive from your Majesty's most gracious patronage, 
 we cannot forbear to hope that the taste and munificence of your 
 Majesty will give a new impulse to the public improvements of this 
 ancient town ; so that, as it is unequalled in its natural advantages, it 
 may keep pace with the general prosperity of your Majesty's do- 
 minions. 
 
 " We beg, Sire, to offer our most ardent wishes for your Majesty's 
 health, and for the continued happiness of your Majesty's reign. 
 May your Majesty long enjoy this favoured palace of the Kings of 
 England ! May your Majesty be very long preserved to the prayers of 
 a loyal, happy, and contented people !" 
 
 Tuesday, September 30. A.t daylight this morning the preparations 
 for the dinner commenced in the Long Walk ; about eight o'clock it 
 began to rain, and the weather afterwards became extremely tem- 
 pestuous. 
 
 Wednesday, October 1 . The weather this morning still continued 
 most unfavourable, and the spot fixed upon for the dinner in the Long 
 Walk was completely inundated. It was therefore determined to 
 
 Q 
 
170 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 postpone the dinner to Thursday, when, if the weather proved favour- 
 able, it was to take place in the High-street. If the weather still 
 continued unpropitious, it was resolved to distribute the provisions, 
 &c. to the poor at their habitations. 
 
 Between two and three o'clock, the Mayor, Committee, and prin- 
 cipal inhabitants, went in procession to the Long Walk, preceded by 
 the band of the Royal Horse Guards, the Town Colours, &c. and 
 formed on each side of the road within the gate. A party of the Royal 
 Horse Guards lined the streets, which now began to be much crowded, 
 whilst the windows and balconies were completely occupied by the 
 beauty and fashion of the town and neighbourhood. A guard of 
 honour of the Royal Fusiliers, with their band, were stationed at the 
 Castle. A little before four o'clock his Majesty arrived at the entrance 
 of the town, and was most enthusiastically greeted by the assembled 
 crowds. The band played " God save the King," and the bells rang 
 a merry peal. His Majesty was accompanied in his carriage by the 
 Dukes of Wellington and Dorset ; several carriages followed, in 
 which were the Marquis Conyngham, Lord F. Conyngham, Sir W. 
 Keppel, Sir W. Congreve, and other gentlemen of bis Majesty's 
 household. A party of the Royal Horse Guards preceded and followed 
 the carriages. His Majesty proceeded at a slow pace through the 
 tov/n to the Castle, and appeared highly gratified at his reception, 
 bowing repeatedly to the ladies at the windows and to the populace. 
 His Majesty airived at the Castle about four o'clock, when a royal 
 salute was fired, and the populace were regaled at the market-cross 
 with London porter. 
 
 At the close of the day the ox and sheep being considered sufficiently 
 roasted, were removed from the Bachelors' Acre. In the evening the 
 weather became fine, and the first illumination took place, and afforded 
 the most general and elegant display of lamps in various devices, 
 transparencies, &c. ever witnessed in Windsor ; every house in the 
 town was illuminated. At nine o'clock the fireworks^ commenced, 
 and notwithstanding the unfavourable state of the weather to which 
 they had been exposed during their preparation, produced a most 
 brilliant and beautiful effect, and called forth the repeated plaudits of 
 an immense multitude of spectators. During the evening the town 
 was enlivened by music, the ringing of bells, and salutes of cannon, 
 
 Thursday, October 2. A brilliant sun this morning dispelled the 
 gloom which the unpropitious weather of the preceding days had 
 spread over the inhabitants. It was consequently determined to pro- 
 ceed with the dinner in the High- street. The several committees 
 were assembled, and commenced their arduous duties with a spirit and 
 alacrity beyond all praise. An universal sentiment of joy pervaded the 
 inhabitants ; all business was suspended for the day ; and the principal 
 shops were shut, in order that every one might be enabled to assist. 
 The tables were speedily removed from theLong Walk, and placed on 
 each side High street, from the Market-cross to the top of Sheet- 
 street 5 a third line was placed from the Town-hall to the same place. 
 The provisions were in the meantime brought to the Market-house, 
 and there carved and dished up for the tables. 
 
 At twelve o'clock u deputation, consisting of the Mayor, the Vicar, 
 J. Ramsbottoui, Esq. one of the Representatives for the Borough, the 
 Town Clerk; the Bailifis, Colonel Kinsey, Dr. Fergusson, and Wm, 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 171 
 
 Voules, Esq. proceeded in four carriages to the Castle with the 
 Address ; the horses and coachmen were decorated with ribbons. On 
 their arrival at the Castle, they were received by the Marquis Conyng- 
 ham. Lord Graves, and other gentlemen of his Majesty's household. 
 The Marquis having received the Address, replied as follows : — 
 
 ** Gentlemen — I am commanded by the King to convey to the 
 inhabitants of Windsor his Majesty's high gratification at the manner 
 in which he was received by them on his entrance into the town yes- 
 terday. The manifestation of such feelings are at all times most 
 acceptable to him, and will live long in his recollection. His Majesty 
 has further commanded me to express his regret, that a slight attack 
 of the rheumatism prevents his having the pleasure he anticipated, of 
 witnessing in person the lurther rejoicings of the Borough, and the 
 entertainment provided for the humbler cla&ses of the inhabitants." 
 
 The deputation then returned to the Town-hall. 
 
 By one o'clock the tables weie all placed, and covered with sub- 
 stantial fare. Dishes of roast and boiled beef, roast veal, hams, 
 mutton, and plum-puddings, were placed in regular succession through- 
 out the whole line, interspersed with abundance of salt, mustard, 
 celery, lettuces, onions, &c. &c. Joints of the ox and sheep were also 
 placed on every part of the tables, and were ticketed to distinguish 
 them from the other provisions. The guests now began to assemble 
 in great numbers ; the children of the Free School, Ladies' School, 
 and National School, to the number of 460, walked in procession from 
 their school-rooms, under the superintendence of their respective 
 masters and mistresses. The clean and decent appearance of the 
 assembled multitude, the orderly manner in which they took their 
 stations, and the patience with which they awaited the signal to com- 
 mence their repast, excited the admiration of the spectators. 
 
 In the centre, opposite the Parish Church, a large table was placed 
 for the reception of the noble baron of the ox. The High-street was 
 at this time completely filUd from one extremity to the other ; the 
 windows, balconies, and tops of houses were crowded to excess, 
 whilst the carriages of the nobility and gentry blocked up the street at 
 each end of the tables. About two o'clock the band of the Royal 
 Fusiliers paraded between the tables, playing *' The Roast Beef of 
 Old England," The bugle then sounded, and grace having been said 
 by the Vicar and Curate, the repast commenced. During the dinner, 
 the Marquis Conyngham, the Earl of Fife, Lord Graves, General 
 Bolton, and several other distinguished members of the Royal House- 
 hold, passed between the tables, and expressed their great satisfaction 
 at the order and regularity which prevailed. The bells rang merrily, 
 the bands of the Royal Horse Guards and Royal Fusiliers continued to 
 play appropriate tunes, salutes of artillery were fired, and a number of 
 small balloons, ornamented with a crown and the initials of his Majesty, 
 were sent oft*. The provisions far exceeded the appetites of the 
 guests, and as soon as those seated at the tables were satisfied, the 
 gentlemen who presided distributed the remainder to the spectators 
 without the least confusion or disorder. 
 
 As soon as the provisions were disposed of, the wine presented by 
 Mr. Austin was introduced, and his Majesty's health was given by the 
 Chairman, and drank with that enthusiasm which ever distinguishes 
 Englishmen. The cheers continued for a great length of time. The 
 
 Q 2 
 
172 
 
 THK WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 bands played God save the King," and a royal salute was fired. 
 The healths of the Royal Family, and some other toasts, which were 
 drank with every sentiment of respect, closed this part of the cele- 
 bration. 
 
 During the whole of the dinner, the utmost order and regularity 
 prevailed. The harmony and public peace were never for a moment 
 disturbed. Sir Richard Birnie and some officers of the London police 
 were present, but had not the least occasion to exercise their official 
 powers. About thirty special constables were also appointed by the 
 Mayor, but their services were only required as assistants at the 
 dinner.. 
 
 In a short time the whole of the guests had dispersed, highly 
 gratified with their entertainment, and the committee proceeded to 
 clear the street. 
 
 The inmates of the workhouse and almshouses, who could not attend 
 the public dinner, were plentifully supplied with provisions and ale at 
 their habitations. 
 
 At six o'clock the dinner took place at the Guildhall, and was 
 attended by near 200 persons. The Mayor presided, supported by 
 Sir R. Birnie and Mr. Ramsbottom. After the cloth was removed, 
 " The health of his Majesty, and long may he enjoy and honour with 
 his presence the noble Castle of Windsor," was proposed by the 
 Mayor, and drank with the most ardent enthusiasm. The national 
 anthem, " God save the King," was then most exquisitely sung by 
 Messrs. Hawes, Tyrrel, Fitzwilliam, and Masters Wesley and Farndell, 
 of the Chapel Royal. A number of loyal and appropriate toasts fol- 
 lowed, interspersed with excellent singing, and the greatest harmony 
 and conviviality prevailed. 
 
 In the evening the second illumination took place, and exceeded in 
 splendour that of the preceding evening, and a second display of fire- 
 works, which had been prepared by the persevering exertion of the 
 sub-committee and Mr. Southby, were exhibited in ihe Long Walk. 
 
 On Friday evening the ball at the Town-hall was most numerously 
 and fashionably attended. The Governor of Windsor Castle, Earl 
 Harrington, with many other of the nobility and gentry, honoured the 
 ball with their presence. The hall was tastefully decorated, and the 
 floor beautifully chalked. An elegant supper was provided, of which 
 the company partook iii parties, and the dancing continued without 
 intermission till dajlight. 
 
 At a final meeting of the committee held on the 16th of October, a 
 select committee was appointed to examine and settle the accounts, 
 and to prepare a report of their proceedings \ and it was resolved, that 
 the balance should be presented to the Institution for assisting the 
 Labouring Classes of Windsor and Clewer. This balance, after dis- 
 charging every demand, amounted to 25/. 0«. 2d., and was presented 
 accordingly. 
 
 His Ma,jesty was graciously pleased to mark his sense of the loyal 
 and affectionate feelings displayed by the inhabitants of Windsor on 
 this occasion, by conferring the honour of knighthood upon the Chief 
 Magistrate and the Recorder, and presenting the local charitable insti- 
 tutions with munificent donations. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 17S 
 
 E. 
 
 Funeral Ceremonies of the Kings of England entombed at Windsor, 
 
 Within the walls of St. George's Chapel are the remains of Henrj 
 VI., Edward IV., Henry VIII., and Charles I. Henry VI. was origi- 
 nally interred in the Abbey of the Black Friars at Chertsey ; but his 
 body was afterwards removed to Windsor, in the reign of Richard III. 
 There is no account of the ceremonial on this occasion. The place of 
 his sepulture is indicated by an ornamented arch in the south aisle near 
 the altar, and by a flat marble stone, bearing the inscription of Henry 
 the Sixth. 
 
 In the opposite aisle is the fine monument of Edward IV. The cir- 
 cumstance of the ashes of the rival princes reposing under the same 
 roof, was too affecting not to furnish some poetical association to the 
 bard of Windsor Forest : — 
 
 " Here blended lie th' oppressor and th' oppressed." 
 
 There is a very singular record of the funeral solemnities of King 
 Edward IV. Those who are curious in the observation of ancient 
 customs will be gratified by its insertion. 
 
 EDWARD IV. 
 
 [^From the Arch<Eologia.~\ 
 Obit— Edw. iv. 
 
 But when that noble p'nce the good King Edward the 4th was 
 decessed at Westm' in his paleys, which was the 5th day of Ap'll, the 
 xxiii yer of his reign ; 
 
 First, the corps' was leyde upon a borde all naked, saving he was 
 cou'ed from the nauell to the knees, and so lay openly x or xii hourez, 
 that all the lordes both spirituell and temp'ell then beying in London 
 or ner theraboute, and the meyer of London with his bredre sawe hyra 
 so lying, and then he was sered, &c. and was brought into the chapell 
 on the morn aft, wher wer songen ii solemn massez ; first of our 
 Lady songe by the chapeleyn; and so was the second of the courte ; 
 the third masse of Requiem which was songen by the bishop' of Chi- 
 chester, and at aft'noon therwas songen dirige and comendacion. 
 
 After that he had the hole psalter seid by the chapell, and at nyght 
 well wecched with nobles and oderhis servants. And at the masse of 
 Requiem the lord Dacre, the queen's chambreleyn, offred for the 
 queue, and the lordes temp'ell oftred dayly at that seid masse, but the 
 Q 3 
 
174 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 lordez sp'uells ofFred not to the bishop' but to the highauter, and oder 
 the king's servants offred also ; this ordre was kept in the paleys viii 
 dayez, savinge aft' the first day ether was but on' solempu masse, 
 whiche alway was songen' by a bishop' ; and on Wednysday the xvii 
 day of the monyth aboueseid the corps was conveied into the abbey, 
 born by diu's knyghts and esquiers that wer for his body. Having 
 vpon the corps a riche and a large blak cloth of gold with a crosse 
 of white clothe of gold, and above that a rich canopye of cloth imp'rall 
 frenged with gold and blue silk. And ateu'y corner a baner : the first 
 of the Trinite : the secound of our Lady : the thirde of Seint George : 
 the fourthe of Seint Gelbard. And the Lorde Haward ber' the king's 
 baner next before the corpse, having the officers of armez aboute them. 
 Wher was ordeyned a worthy herse like as it apperteyneth, havinoj 
 before hym a grete pr'ession. And in that herse, aboue the corps and 
 the clothe of gold aboueseid, tber was a p'sonage like to the similitude 
 of the king in habite roiall, crowned with the verray crown on his bed. 
 Holding in that one hande a sceptr, and in that o'r hand a balle of 
 siiuer and gilte with a crosp'ate. And aft' that the lords that wer 
 within the herse, and the bishoppez had ofl;red, the meyer of London 
 offied, and next aft' hym the chef juge and other juges and knyghts of 
 the king's hous with the barons of the eschequier and aldermen of 
 London as they myght went to. And when the masse was don and all 
 other solempnite, and that the lordes wer redy for to ryde : ther was 
 ordeyned a roiall char cov'ed with blak veluet, having aboue that a 
 blak clothe of gold with a white cross of gold ; vnder that a mageste 
 clothe of blak sarsenet, drawen with vi co'sers trapped with blac 
 velvet with certeyn scochens betyn vpon sarsenet betyn with fyne gold. 
 Apon the fore hors and the thill hors sate ii charet men. And on the 
 iiii oder hors satte iiii henshemen. On either side the forseid draught 
 went diu'se knyghts and esquiers for the body and other ; some leying 
 their handez to the draught and su'me leyding the hors unto tyme they 
 passed the townes whose namez ensuent. 
 
 And the Lorde Haward, the kings banerer, rode next before the 
 forehorse bering the kings baner vpon a courser trapped with blak 
 velvet with diu se scochons of the kings armez with his morenyng 
 hudd on his bed. W hen the corps with the p'sonage as aboue with 
 pro'ssion of bisshoppes in pontificalibz and the iiii ordrez of frerezwas 
 conveyed to the chare. And in ordre as aboue to Charingcrosse wher 
 the bisshop'z sensed the char, and the lordes toke their horse, and so 
 p'cededto Syon that nyght, where at the churche dore the bishoppez 
 censed the corps, and the corps and the p'sonage was born as before 
 in the qure. And ther the bishop' of Duresm did the s'vice. And on 
 the morn in like ordre as aboue he was conveyed to the chare, and 
 from thens to Wyndesore. Wher at Eton the bisshop of Lincol'n 
 and the bisshop' of Ely with the college mette and censed the corps. 
 And so p'ceded to the castell gate the archebishop of York, the bisshop 
 of Wynchestr censed the corp?, beying ther with the bisshop of 
 Norwiche, the bisshop of Duresm, the bisshop* of Rochestr, with the 
 chanons of the college and the kings chapell, and p'ceded to the newe 
 churche wher in the quer was oi deigned a merveillous wele wrought 
 herse and forthwith to dirige. In the euenyng they of the college seid 
 the hole psaulter, and ther was a grete watch that nyght by grete 
 lordez, knyghts, esquiers for the body, gentilmen vshers and other 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 175 
 
 with diu'rs and many jomen of the crown, and of his ch'mbre and 
 houshold, wliiche hyldea' torchez. 
 
 And on the morn', aft' the coraendacions, beganne the masse of our 
 Lady songen by the bysshop of Duresm, at which masse Sir Thomas 
 Bourgchier olti-ed the masse peny because iher was no grett astate 
 p'sent, and aft hym alle other as wer in the herse, &c. 
 
 After that masse done, beganne the masse of the Tryujrte songen by 
 the bisshop cf Lincoln, at which masse th'erie of Huntingdon offred 
 the masse peny. Aft' hym the oder lords and nobles as aboue. 
 
 Atte the begynnyngof the masse of Requiem, the whiche was songen 
 by the archebisshop of York, officers of armez wente to the vestyary, 
 wher they receyved a rich embrowdred cote of armes, which Garter 
 king of armes hyld with as grete reu'ence as he cowde at the hede of 
 the seid herse tilj the offring tyme, at whiche tyme, aft' that the erle of 
 Lincoln had offred the masse peny, p'sented it to the Marquess of 
 Dors' and to th'erie of Huntingdon, they to ofFreit; and the seid 
 Gart' receyved it ageyu of the archebisshop, and hyld it still at the high 
 auter ende till the masse was done. 
 
 In lykewyse Clarenceux and Norrey kings of armes resceyved 
 the shiide, and Marche and Ireland resceiwed a rich swerde whiche 
 had be sent from the Pope. Also Chest'r and Lejcest'r herauldes 
 receyved a basenet with a riche crown of gold. And Gloucest'r and 
 Buckingh'm, herauldes, with their pursyvants, went with the knyghts 
 and esquiers for the body to the churche dore lor to resceyve of John 
 Cheyny maist' of the horse, the man of armez, whiche was Sir Will'm 
 Parr, armed at all peces, saving he was bareheded, having an axe 
 in his hand, the poUe dounward, and thus accompanyed to the 
 quere dore wher he did alight. And the dekyn toke the horse whycli 
 was trapped with a riche trapper of the king's armez, wher the Lorde 
 Audeley and the Lord Ferrers receyved the man of armez, and with 
 the forseid compeny of knyghtes, esquiers, heraulds, and pursyu'nt, 
 accompenyed hym to his offring ; whiche done, eu'y lorde in mornyng 
 habits offred for hymself ; and aft' them, diu'se other noble knyghts, 
 officers, &c. Incontinent that don, the lordes offred cerleyn clothes 
 of gold to the corps, eu'yche aft' his degree or astate. I cannot ordre 
 how they offred because the prese of the people was so grete betwene 
 them and me ; but the loughest in astate or degree by to the corps be^ 
 ganne first. 
 
 HENRY VIII. AND CHARLES I. 
 
 In a royal vault, near the first step of the altar, lie the bodies of 
 Henry VIII. and Charles I. The doubts as to the situation of these 
 bodies were eniirely removed upon an inspection of the vault some few 
 years back. There is no printed account, that we can find, of the funeral 
 ceremonial of Henry VIII. 
 
 The rites of sepulture of the unfortunate Charles were few and brief. 
 His body was brought from the same part of tho palace in which 
 the remains of our late venerable Monarch were laid in state ; and 
 his small band of friends moved with their master's corpse along the 
 same line of road. But all royal pageantry was absent on that occasion ; 
 even the service of the church was hastily and imperfectly performed. 
 
176 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 The following description of this event is extracted from Wood's 
 Athenae Oxonienses : — 
 
 Mr. Herbert was in waiting to receive the body after the execution, 
 and he and Bishop Juxon charged themselves with the interment, as 
 the last sad office they could pay to their departed king. They applied 
 to the Parliament for leave to bury it in King Henry the Seventh's 
 Chapel in Westminster Abbey, but that was refused, because it would 
 attract many spectators, which, as the times then were, was judged 
 unsafe and inconvenient." They then resolved to inter it in St. George's 
 Chapel, Windsor Castle, having obtained from the Committee of Par- 
 liament permission so to do. Several kings had been interred there, 
 as Henry \T., Edward IV., Henry VIII., &c. The corpse was 
 accordingly carried there on the 7th February in a hearse, attended by 
 about a dozen gentlemen, who had been about the person of the king, 
 at Carisbrook Castle and other places. After some deliberation, 
 Herbert pitched upon the vault where Edward IV. had been interred ; 
 but while the workmen were employed in removing the stones, some 
 noblemen came thither, namely, the Dake of Richmond, the Marquis 
 of Hertford, the Earl of Lindsey, and with them Dr. Juxon, Bishop of 
 London, who had licence from Parliament to attend the king's body 
 to the grave. One of those lords, beating gently on the pavement 
 with his staff, perceived a hollow sound, and thereupon ordering the 
 stones and earth to be removed, they discovered a descent into a vault, 
 where two coffins were laid near one another; the one very large, of an 
 antique form, the other very little. These they supposed to be the 
 bodies of King Henry VIII. and Queen Jane Seymour, his third wife, 
 as indeed they v/ere. The velvet palls that covered their coffins seemed 
 fresh, though they had lain there above a hundred years. 
 
 The lords agreeing that the king's body should be in the same 
 vault interred, being about the middle of the choir, over against the 
 eleventh stall upon the sovereign's side, they gave order to have the 
 king's name and year he died cut in lead ; and this girdle, or circum- 
 scription, of capital letters of lead put about the king's colfin, had only 
 these words — King Charles, 1648. 
 
 The king's body was then brought from his bedchamber down into 
 St. George's Hall, whence, after a little stay, it was with a slow and 
 solemn pace, (much sorrow in most faces iDeing then discernible,) 
 carried by gentlemen of quality in mourning. The body being by the 
 bearers set down near the place of burial, the Bishop of London stood 
 ready with the service-book in his hands to have performed his last 
 duty to the king his master, but it would not be suffered by Colonel 
 Whitchot, the Governor of the Castle, by reason of the Directory, to 
 which, said he, he and others were to be conformable. Thus went 
 Charles to his grave, in the 48th year of his age, and 22d year and 
 lOth month of his reign. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 177 
 
 F. 
 
 Funeral of his Majesty George II f. 
 
 LYING IN STATE. 
 
 The slate coffin was composed of Spanish mahogany, and covered 
 with rich Genoa velvet of royal blue, a few shades deeper in tint than 
 garter blue. The top or cover being divided into three compartments 
 by double rows of silver gilt studs. In the compartment at the head, 
 over a rich star of the Order of the Garter, is placed the Royal Arms 
 of England, beautifully executed in dead gold. In the centre com- 
 partment is the plate, with the following inscription : 
 
 Depositum 
 
 Serenissimi Potentissimi et Excellentissimi Monarchre 
 Georgii Tertii, 
 Dei Gratia, Britanniarum Regis, Fidel Defensoris, 
 Regis Hanoveriae, ac Brunsvici et Luneburgi Dusis, 
 Obiit XXIX die Januarii, Anno Domini MDCCCXX. 
 ^tatis suae LXXXIII, Regnique siii LX. 
 
 The inscription plate was of silver, richly gilt, and exquisitely 
 burnished. In the lower compartment, at the foot, the British lion, 
 " rampant regardant,'^ supported a shield with the letters G. R. sur- 
 rounded with the Garter and motto of the same Order, also in dead 
 gold. All the angles of the whole of these compartments were filled 
 up with highly burnished silver-gilt plates, engraved G. R. III., and 
 Surmounted by the royal crown. The sides and ends of this superb 
 coffin were also divided with silver gilt studs, in the same manner as 
 the cover, so as to leave three spaces on each side, and one at each 
 end, for the handles. These handles were of silver, richly gilt, of a 
 massive modern pattern and the most exquisite workmanship, each 
 surrounded by frame work, in the same taste, chiefly in dead gold, 
 but delicately relieved by burnishing. 
 
 The body being deposited under the canopy in the Audience 
 Chamber, the arrangements for the ceremonial of lying in state im- 
 mediately commenced. The admission of the public to this solem- 
 nity had been announced to commence at 10 o'clock on Tuesday 
 morning, February 15, 1820. The company, who were admitted 
 without distinction of rank and appearance, went up the hill, to 
 the entrance into the quadrangle fronting the Queen's Lodge. 
 The gateway was divided by strong railing, so as to preserve 
 distinct the passage for their approaching and returning, and police 
 officers were stationed to preserve order. In the square was a de- 
 tachment of Foot Guards, in their state uniforms, their arms clubbed, 
 and the men standing in groups upon the lawn. The company passed 
 
178 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 directly across to the Eastern Gateway, Here was stationed some of 
 the Earl Marshal's men. The entrance to the apartments was by a 
 small staircase in the Tower of the Gateway. 
 
 At the first landing of the staircase we passed into an anti-room. 
 The Marshalmen, in their full uniforms, with black scarves, formed an 
 avenue into St. George's Hall. In this superb apartment were 
 stationed some Life Guards. The painted ceiling, in which the most 
 brilliant colours are lavished upon the allegorical taste of the reign 
 of Charles II. — the northern wall, decorated with the magnificent 
 representations of the triumph of the Black Prince — the gigantic 
 figures supporting the Music Gallery at the extremity of the Hall — 
 all these insignia of state might for a moment have led the mind to the 
 idea that the spectator was about to enter upon some scene of ** mask 
 and antique revelry," if any mind could have divested itself of its 
 more appropriate recollections. The last display of royal pageantry 
 in this splendid room, was at the installation in 1805 ; the late Monarch 
 then sat amidst the Knights of the Garter in all the gorgeousness of 
 traditionary pomp. The throne where George III. then sat was now 
 hung with funeral draperies. 
 
 The spectators passed through St. George's Hall into the King's 
 Guard Chamber. Over the entrance was the polished mail of the 
 victorious Black Prince ; on the walls hung the armour of the soldiers 
 of Agincourt and Cressy ; the cumberous matchlocks and bandoliers 
 recalled the rudeness of ancient warfare , — along the room stood 
 twelve Yeomen of the Guard, in mourning habiliments, made in the 
 same fashion as their state dresses, and embroidered with the golden 
 insignia of their office. In this Guard Chamber those members of 
 that ancient corps, in immediate attendance, had spread their couches ; 
 while their fire blazing in the spacious hearth, gleamed upon the 
 spears and shields of the chivalrous ages. 
 
 The next apartment was the King's Presence Chomber. The painted 
 ceiling was covered with the draperies of woe; and the walls pre- 
 sented nothing but the same mournful appearance. This spacious 
 room was dimly lighted, and the eye having no object to rest upon 
 but a few wax tapers burning in their silver sconces, could not 
 penetrate the depth of gloom. The Yeomen of the Guards formed a 
 line of passage from this entrance room to the more illuminated 
 chamber where the body lay. 
 
 Under a wide and lofty canopy of purple cloth, at the western end 
 of the King's Audience Chamber, was placed the royal body. This 
 is one of the most superb apartments of the Castle, but all its splen- 
 dours were concealed by the solemn furniture which now covered the 
 walls. Hangings of purple cloth in rich festoons lined the apartment 
 throughout. The walls, and ceiling, and floor, and canopy, presented 
 no diversity of colour. At the eastern end of this apartment was a 
 profusion of wax tapers in silver sconces, of the richest chasing, dis- 
 posed with great judgment ; — under the canopy at the west end the 
 arrangement was similar. The side walls were less illuminated. The 
 whole light was contrived to irradiate most fully the bier upon 
 which the coffin rested. On each side of this bier were three wax 
 candles of extraordinary size, in massive silver candlesticks. The 
 coffin was covered with a white Holland sheet, and a velvet pall 
 hanging down in ample folds, and displaying the most splendid os-- 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 179 
 
 eutcheons. The foot of the coflin was displayed. On the top were 
 placed the Royal Crown of Hanover, and the Imperial Crown of the 
 United Kingdom; — the latter nearest the head. At the foot of the 
 coffin stood two Heralds in their state dresses. These gentlemen were 
 relieved in their dutj alternately by two others of the Herald's College. 
 On each side, the farthest removed from the body, were six of the 
 band of Gentlemen Pensioners. Within these, on each side, were two 
 of his late Majesty's Pages. Next to the coffin, on each side, were 
 two of the late King's Gentlemen Ushers. At the head of the coffin, in 
 a chair of state, sate one of the Lords of the Bedchamber. He was 
 supported, on each side, by a Groom of the Bedchamber. In the 
 centre of the canopy was a splendid escutcheon of the Imperial and 
 Royal Arms ; the hangings of the canopy were decorated in the same 
 manner. 
 
 From the Audience Chamber the visitors went forward into the 
 King's Drawing Room. The apartments through which they had 
 already passed, with the exception of St. George's Hall, had been 
 closely shut up during the whole period of his Majesty's long indis- 
 position. They were situated immediately above the chambers of the 
 late King's solitude ; and the noise of persons going through would of 
 necessity have disturbed him. The Drawing Room was hung with 
 black drapery, arranged in the same style as that of the Presence 
 Chamber ; and an avenue formed in a similar manner by Yeomen of 
 the Guard. 
 
 Having left this chamber, the visitors passed through a small lobby 
 also hung with black ; and eame out by the entrance of the Western 
 Tower ; having passed from one extremity to the other of the Northern 
 side of the quadrangle. 
 
 The admission of visitors to the royal apartments continued till four 
 o'clock ; when the gates were closed. The principal persons in the 
 state rooms then retired for a short time ; but at five o'clock the 
 whole of the young gentlemen of Eton College were admitted to a 
 private view of the solemnity, by a special command of his present 
 Majesty. They were accomparsied by the head master and master of 
 the lower school. 
 
 During the night of Tuesday, the rooms set apart for the solemnity 
 of lying in state, continued lighted. A portion of the attendants, 
 alternately relieved, remained with the body during th« night. 
 
 PREPARATORY ARRANGEMENTS. 
 
 On Tuesday the troops appointed to attend on this occasion arrived 
 at Windsor. The first battalion of Grenadier Guards and the Life 
 Guards were added to the Royal Horse Guards and the battalion of 
 Coldstream Guards, in barracks at Windsor. Two brigades of 
 Artillery stationed in Windsor Great Park, consisting of twelve nine- 
 pounders, began firing five-minute guns at eight o'clock in the morning, 
 andcontniued until half-past eight in the evening, when they deployed 
 into the Long Walk, and fired minute guns until nine. At nine the 
 ssolemn proce«sion moved, and the artillery commenced firing half- 
 minute guns, which continued until past ten. 
 
180 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 PROCESSION FROM THE STATE APARTMENTS TO ST. GEORGE'S 
 CHAPEL. 
 
 The many distinguished and official personages whose duty and 
 affection called them to pay the last mournful tribute of respect to the 
 departed Sovereign by attending his obsequies at Windsor, assembled 
 in St. George's Hall, at seven o'clock on the evening of interment. 
 In this splendid apartment the procession was marshalled by Sir 
 George Nailer, York Herald, executing this duty on behalf of Garter 
 Principal King of Arms. The effect, even of these preliminary 
 arrangements, was interesting and solemn. The circumstances under 
 which this numerous and dignified assemblage was called together — 
 the splendid apartment in which they met contrasting with the gloom 
 of the occasion — the quiet precision with which the heralds performed 
 their duties — and the obedience with which the dignified of the land 
 fell into their places — all denoted that a serious and affecting service 
 was about to be discharged. When the arrangements were complete, 
 and the appointed time for the procession moving had arrived, that 
 part of it which preceded the Royal Body moved through the Guard 
 Chamber, the Presence Chamber, the Audience Chamber (where the 
 body still lay upon its bier), the King's Drawing Room, and out upon 
 the landing of the Grand Staircase. Tins magnificent entrance pre- 
 sented the most imposing appearance. The Gothic pillars were en- 
 twined with black draperies ; the fretted arches were hung with fes- 
 toons of the same mournful character ; the hangings were carried up 
 to the top of the lofty and elegant lantern which terminates this beau- 
 tiful staircase ; and the whole lighted with an infinity of wax tapers in 
 splendid branches — but the prevailing character of this part of the 
 Castle was a solemn gloom. 
 
 From the gate of this Gothic entrance, through the hall, and up the 
 staircase, as above directed, was placed in each a single file of the 
 Royal Horse Guards Blue. His late Majesty peculiarly distinguished 
 this fine regiment by his favour ; he had one troop of it which he called 
 his own ; he of late years proposed to wear its uniform. The distinction 
 thus assigned to them was therefore most appropriate. 
 
 When the procession was formed, which was about half-past eight, 
 a rocket was thrown up from the Castle as a signal to the artillery. 
 Their station had been previously removed to a rising ground in the 
 Long Walk, about half a mile from the town. They immediately 
 commenced firing minute-guns. V/hen the Royal Body was borne out 
 of the grand entrance, another rocket was discharged, and the artillery 
 then fired half-minute guns. These were continued till ten o'clock, 
 about which period the body was lowered into the tomb. 
 
 It was after eight o'clock before the military arrangements had 
 become complete. At that time the Grenadier and Coldstream Guards 
 had taken their station on the whole line of platform. They then 
 lighted their torches. Previous to this the general appearance of the 
 Court was excessivelj' gloomy. The night was somewhat misty ; and 
 though the stars shone out with partial clearness, it was sufficiently 
 dark to render a funeral by torch-light additionally^ imposing. Amongst 
 the spectators admitted with tickets there was a general silence 3 now 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 181 
 
 and then a buz of anxious expectation prevailed ; but it was speedilj 
 suppressed, in the remembrance of the mournful occasion which had 
 called them together. When the torches were at length lighted, the 
 scene became one of considerable splendour ; and the increasing 
 anxiety of the spectators deepened the interest of the situation. 
 
 At length the cannon, which had previously been heard at long 
 intervals, fired in rapid succession. Expectation was now wound up 
 to its height. It became an employment to listen for the repetition of 
 their heavy peal ; — but yet the procession was not in view. The firing 
 was heard with still less intermission. A flourish of trumpets and the 
 roll of muffled drums, announced the approach of t' e solemn pageant. 
 
 The processionhaving passed through the gateintothe Lower Ward, 
 moved at a pace sufficiently slow to indicate its mournful character. 
 First came a state band playing a solemn dirge. The scarlet uniforms 
 of the Knight Marshalmen next caught the eye. The naval dresses 
 and the blue mantles of the Poor Knights of Windsor succeeded. 
 Then came a long train of official personages, ascending in dignity as 
 they walked nearer the corpse ; the Knights of the several orders 
 wearing their collars, whose splendour was more striking from the 
 contrast of their deep black dresses. The respective degrees of pre- 
 cedency amongst the Nobles were denoted by an intermediate Pnursui- 
 vant or Herald, in his gorgeous mantle. The great banner of England, 
 the banner of Ireland, Scotland, and Hanover, and three other banners 
 of Royal state, were each borne by an earl. The crowns of England 
 and Hanover were carried almost immediately before the body, by the 
 Kings of Arms, glittering in all the magnificence of heraldic pride. 
 Preceded by two of the great officers of state came the Royal Body ; 
 it was impelled forwards, with an equal motion, upon the machine 
 which had been constructed to supersede the necessity of carrying so 
 immense a weight. About the royal remains walked six dukes ; — a 
 magnificent canopy of purple velvet was borne over the coffin by ten 
 pears of the realm. On each side walked five gentlemen pensioners, 
 with their battle-axes reversed. Immediately preceding the Chief 
 Mourner was Garter Principal King of Arms. The Duke of York and 
 his royal relatives followed the body. Various officers particularly 
 connected with his late Majesty's establishment at Windsor succeeded 
 the illustrious mourners. Gentlemen Pensioners, and Yeomen of the 
 Guard with their partizans reversed, closed the procession. 
 
 It would be impossible adequately to describe the solemn and incom- 
 parably magnificent effect of the whole of this procession. The absence 
 of music on such awful occasions has often appeared to us to detract 
 from the impressiveness of the solemnity; and though in the procession 
 of carriages, (such as within the previous two years had been painfully 
 witnessed at Windsor,) the trampling of horses amidst the surrounding 
 stillness was peculiarly striking, we could have wished that their 
 movements had been regulated by the sacred marches appropriate to 
 such occasions. In these obsequies, grand and impressive beyond all 
 recollections of such solemnities, the powers of music were called forth 
 in the most admirable manner. A flourish of trumpets first indicated 
 the march of the procession. Then the muffled drums rolled at inter- 
 vals in the most soft and solemn style. The band of his Majesty 
 afterwards played one of the most affecting dirges we ever remember 
 to have heard—affecting, even without the associations which accom- 
 
 R 
 
182 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 panied it, from the extreme beauty of the execution. It came upon 
 the ear like the union of the sweetest voices ; and died away with all 
 the softness of the wild strains of the Eolian harp. The trumpets and 
 the muffled drums again alternately sounded. The deep reverbe- 
 rations of the half-minute guns accorded sublimely with this solemn 
 harmony. 
 
 The same character of solemnity was preserved in every arrange- 
 ment of the procession. The steady pace of its advance — the magni- 
 ficent coffin and its velvet canopy gliding along with no perceptible aid 
 from human strength — the banners of state, borne by some of our most 
 illustrious men, floating over the mourning draperies of all around — 
 the splendid colours of the heralds gleaming amidst the sombre hue of 
 the great portion of the attendants; — and, above all, the long line of 
 covered way, with its lofty roof displaying nothing but funereal black- 
 ness, whilst the torches of the soldiery feebly penetrated the gloom ; — 
 all these combined, presented such a picture as the most poetical 
 imagination would be at a loss to excel, and the most cold observer 
 could not fail to wonder at and admire. 
 
 ORDER OF PROCESSION, 
 
 Knight Marshal's Men,, two and two, with black staves. 
 Trumpets and Kettle-drums, 
 And Drums and Fifes of the Foot Guards. 
 Poor Knights of Windsor. 
 Pages of his late Majesty. 
 Apothecaries to his Majesty. Surgeons to his Majesty, 
 
 Apothecaries to his late Majesty. Surgeons to his late Majesty. 
 
 The Curate and Rector of Windsor. 
 Gentlemen Ushers Quarterly Waiters to his Majesty. 
 Pages of Honour to his Majesty. 
 Grooms of the Privy Chamber to his Majesty. 
 Serjeant Surgeon to his Majesty. 
 
 Physician to his Majesty. 
 Physicians to his late Majesty. 
 Household Chaplain to his late Majesty. 
 Clerk of the Closet to his Majesty. 
 Equerries to the Royal Family, 
 Equerries to his Majesty. 
 Clerk Marshal and First Equerry. 
 Gentlemen Ushers of the Privy Chamber to his Majesty. 
 Grooms of the Bedchamber to his Majesty. 
 Blaster of the Robes to his Majesty. 
 Solicitor General. Attorney General. 
 
 Barons of the Exchequer, and Justices of both Benches. 
 The Lord Chief Baron. 
 The Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. 
 
 The Vice Chancellor. 
 The Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench. 
 Comptroller Treasurer 
 of the King's Household. of the King's Household. 
 Privy Councillors (not Peers) 
 Pursuivant.. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 18:3 
 
 Eldest Sons of Barons. 
 Eldest Sons of Viscounts. 
 Pursuivant. 
 
 Barons. 
 Pursuivant 
 Bishops. 
 Herald. 
 Eldest Sons of Earls. 
 Viscounts. 
 Herald. 
 Deputy Earl Marshal. 
 Eldest Sons of Marquisses. 
 Herald. 
 Earls. 
 Eldest Sons of Dukes. 
 Herald. 
 Marquisses. 
 Herald. 
 Dukes. 
 Herald. 
 The Lord Privy Seal. 
 The Lord President of the Council. 
 The Archbishop of York. 
 The Lord Chancellor. 
 The Archbishop of Canterbury. 
 Norroy King of Arras. 
 Lords of his Majesty's Bedchamber. 
 Groom of the Stole Master of the Horse 
 
 to his Majesty. to his Majesty. 
 
 THE ROYAL CROWN OF HANOVER, 
 
 Supporter, born, on a purple velvet cushion, Supporter, 
 A Gentleman by Blanc A Gentleman 
 
 Usher. Coursier King of Arms. Usher. 
 
 The Banners of England, Ireland, Scotland, and Hanover, 
 with three other insignia of his late Majesty's House, 
 borne by seven Noblemen. 
 
 THE IMPERIAL CROWN OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, 
 
 Supporter, borne, on a purple velvet cushion. Supporter, 
 3d Gentleman Usher by 2d Gentleman Usher 
 
 Daily Waiter to his Clarencieux Daily Waiter to his 
 
 Majesty. King of Arms. Majesty. 
 
 The Secretary The Lord Steward The Master 
 
 of the of of 
 
 Lord Steward. His Majesty's His Majesty's 
 
 Household. Household. 
 A The Lord Chamberlain A 
 
 Gentleman of Gentleman 
 
 Usher. His Majesty's Household. Usher. 
 
 R 2 
 
184 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 s 
 ft 
 
 Dm 
 
 The Royal 
 
 covered with a 
 Fine Holland Sheet ^ 
 
 and a 
 Purple Velvet Pall, 
 adorned with 
 Ten Escutcheons 
 of the 
 Imperial Arms, 
 carried by 
 Ten Yeomen 
 I of the Guard, 
 under 
 A Canopy 
 of Purple 
 Velvet. 
 
 First Gentleman Usher Garter Gentleman Usher 
 
 Daily Waiter Principal King of of the 
 
 to His Majesty. Arms. Black Rod. 
 
 His Rojal Highness the DUKE of York, 
 Supporter: The Chief Mourner, Supporter: 
 
 a Peer. in a long Black Cloak, his Train borne a Peer, 
 
 by two Peers, assisted by the Vice Chamberlain. 
 Sixteen Peers, assistants to the Chief Mourner. 
 Princes of the Blood Royal, 
 In long Black Cloaks, the train of each borne by two Gentlemen of 
 the respective Households of their Royal Highnesses. 
 The Council of his Royal Highness the Duke of York, as Gustos 
 Persons of his late Majesty. 
 Master of the Groom of the Stole Vice Chamberlain 
 
 Household to to 
 
 to his his late Majesty, his late Majesty, 
 
 late Majesty, on the on the 
 
 on the Windsor Windsor Windsor 
 
 Establishment. EstabHshment. Establishment, 
 
 Lords of his late Majesty's Bed-Chamber. 
 Grooms of His late Majesty's Bed-Chamber. 
 His late Majesty's Trustees. 
 Equerries to his late Majesty. 
 Gentleman Pensioners, with their Axes reversed. 
 Yeomen of the Guard, with their Partizans reversed. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 185. 
 
 CEREMONIAL WITHIN THE CHAPEL. 
 
 Although it had been understood that the issue of tickets for ad- 
 mission into St. George's Chapel would be very limited, many persons 
 of rank and respectability took possession of places in the north aisle, 
 at an early hour. In this aisle a gallery was erected for the accom- 
 modation of strangers, from the one extremity to the otlier. This was 
 covered with black cloth. Between this and the platform on which 
 the procession moved was a considerable raised space, assigned for 
 the accommodation of the young gentlemen of Eton College. 
 
 At eight o'clock the Foot Guards marched into the Chapel, and 
 took their station on the edges of the platform, in single files. The 
 greater part of the visitors had been previously admitted. 
 
 Immediately above the entrance of the Royal Vault, and before the 
 Altar, hung a most splendid chandelier, bearing an immense quantity 
 of wax lights. The seats erected for the foreign ministers and nobility, 
 on the sides of the Altar were illuminated with beautiful gothic 
 branches. The candelabras belonging to the chapel were supplied with 
 additional branches. There were also lamps dispersed over the stalls. 
 
 The customary magnificence of this splendid seat of heraldic honour, 
 received on this occasion every possible addition that taste could 
 devise. To the massive communion plate belonging to the altar, were 
 added the plate from the chapels of Whitehall and St. James's The 
 altar was crowded with splendid gold vessels of the richest chasing. 
 
 The opening in the marble floor, at the entrance of the tomb, was 
 not concealed \ but on its edge was erected a magnificent canopy of 
 blue mazarine velvet, most elegantly terminating at the head, in a 
 splendid crown and cushion. This appendage to the usual state of the 
 choir completed it magnificence; and by adding in this style of regal 
 splendour to its customary ornaments, proclaimed the solemn purpose 
 of national respect, which gave a value to the pageantry around. 
 
 The Knight Marshalmen, and the drums and trumpets having filed 
 off at the south porch, the procession moved onwards down the south 
 aisle, up the nave into the choir. The Dean and Prebendaries, 
 with the choir of Windsor, and a select portion of lay clerks and 
 choristers from the Chapel Royal and St. James's, were stationed at 
 the eastern end of the south aisle. On the arrival of the Royal Body 
 at the porch, they immediately fell in before Blanc Coursier, bearing 
 the Crown of Hanover, and immediately all the voices burst out into 
 the sublimest of all sacred compositions, " I am the Resurrection and 
 the Life," by Croft. The effect was beyond any thing grand. The 
 deep tones of the beautiful organ — the sweet and powerful voices of 
 a choir universally full and excellent — the slow advance of the 
 choristers, each bearing a taper — the silence with which the dignified 
 attendants took their stations in the choir — and above all, the solemn 
 purpose to which the exertions of musical science were now applied 
 — produced altogether an impression of the most pathetic and the most 
 exalted nature. 
 
 This most beautiful service occupied the time till the personages 
 forming the procession had taken their seats, and the coffin had be^n 
 impelled forward to its appointed place. The Chief Mourner took his 
 seat at the head of the corpse, and his supporters sat on either side. 
 
 R 3 
 
186 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 The Princess of the Blood Royal were seated near the Chief Mourner, 
 The Lord Chamherlain took his place at the feet of the corpse. The 
 pall was removed, and the two crowns, with their cushions, were 
 placed on the coffin. The royal brothers bore their painful situation 
 with the firmness that belongs to those Christian principles which look 
 beyond the grave ; but there was an evident struggle with their feel- 
 ings, which told how warmly they loved, and how deeply they la- 
 manted their late revered monarch and father. 
 
 The arrangements within the choir being complete, the lay-clerks 
 and choristers chaunted the proper psalms. The lesson was then read 
 by the Dean of Windsor. The following beautiful anthem, by Kent, 
 expressly selected by his Majesty, was then exquisitely sung by 
 Masters Marshall, Dobson, Dyne, and Farndell. 
 
 PSALM LV. 
 
 " Hear my prayer, O God : and hide not thy face from my petition. 
 Take heed unto me, and hear me, how I mourn in my prayer, and 
 am vexed. 
 
 My heart is disquieted within me ; and the fear of death is falleu 
 upon me. 
 
 Then I said, O that I had wings like a dove, then would I flee away, 
 and be at rest. 
 
 The solemn ceremony of interment having been performed, part of 
 Handel's Funeral Anthem, composed for the funeral of Queen Caro- 
 line, and expressly appointed by his present Majesty, was performed, 
 with the rarest excellence, by Master Marshall, Mr. W. Knyvett, 
 Mr. Vaughan, and Mr. J. B. Sale. 
 
 " When the ear heard him, then it blessed him ; and when the eye 
 saw him, it gave witness of him. 
 
 He delivered the poor that cried, the fatherless, and him that had 
 none to help him. 
 
 Kindness, meekness, and comfort were in his tongue, if there was 
 any virtue, and if there was any praise, he thought on those things. 
 
 His body is buried in peace,'but his name liveth evermore." 
 
 At the conclusion of the anthem the venerable Sir Isaac Heard, 
 with a tone of the greatest dignity and firmness, proclaimed the style 
 of his late most gracious Majesty, in the following words : — 
 
 " Thus it hath pleased Almighty God to take out of this transitory 
 life, unto his divine mercy, the late most high, most mighty, and most 
 excellent Monarch George HI., by the Grace of God, of the United 
 Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith, 
 and Sovereign of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, King of 
 Hanover, and Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburgh. 
 
 Let us humbly beseech Almighty God to bless and preserve, with 
 long life, health and honour, and all worldly happiness, the most high, 
 most mighty, and most excellent Monarch, our Sovereign Lord George 
 the Fourth, now, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of 
 Great Britain and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith, and Sovereign 
 of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, King of Hanover, and Duke 
 of Brunswick and Lunenburgh. 
 
 '* God Save King George the Fourth." 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 187 
 
 All affecting- ceremony then took place. The peers who bore the 
 banners, cast them down upon the altar; to intimate that all dis- 
 tinctions of the once Illustrious Monarch had passed awaj. We are 
 assured that he has put on an immortal, which his virtues, and not 
 his dignities, had won. 
 
 It was nearly 11 o'clock before the service was concluded. The 
 Dead March in i?au\ was then admirably performed by Mr, Knyvett. 
 
 After the procession had left the church, the public were admitted, 
 without distinction, to view the chapel exactly as it was left. A great 
 multitude availed themselves of this kindness. They passed through 
 the choir ; and almost every one had an opportunity of taking a last 
 look of the coffin of their late venerable Monarch, as it lay at the 
 entrance of the vault, with the crowns resting upon it, and the Lord 
 Chamberlain's wand of office as it had been^snapped asunder, and thrown 
 into the tomb. 
 
 The platform and covered way was a work of great magnitude. The 
 length of the erection was 1065 feet ; it was 15 feet high, and 19 wide ; 
 and contains the immense quantity of 70,000 superficial feet of board- 
 ing, and 49,000 feet of quartering. This most extensive work was 
 finished, through the indefatigable activity of Mr. Tebbott, and those 
 employed, between the interval of Monday and Friday evening, in the 
 preceding week. The upper part of the sides and supports of the 
 covered way were hung with black cloth, and the whole of the plat- 
 form with the same, over a covering of matting. The quantity of 
 black cloth covering this immense erection was 9,500 yards. 
 
 THE DISINTERMENT OF THE ROYAL INFANTS OCTAVIUS AND ALFRED. 
 
 This interesting ceremony, which was in obedience to a wish ex- 
 pressed by his late Majesty, took place on Thursday night, the 10th 
 February, at eight o'clock, privately, in the presence of their Royal 
 Highnesses the Dukes of York, Clarence, and Gloucester, the Dean 
 of Westminster, the Lord Chamberlain, and the Surveyor-General of 
 his Majesty's works. 
 
 The forms and regulations adopted on occasions like the present, 
 are admirably well calculated for rendering the cemeteries of the 
 Royal Family inviolably sacred, thereby preventing private intrusion, 
 or the gratification of idle curiosity. The authority is received direct 
 from the King by the Lord Chamberlain of the Household, who com- 
 municates the same to the Board of Works, by which department 
 the vault was built, and to whom h entrusted the entire charge of the 
 same, though the entrance being within the choir of the church, it 
 cannot be approached without the requisite ecclesiastical forms, and 
 an order from the Dean and Chapter : thus the above ceremony could 
 not take place place without royal consent, and the joint interference 
 of three several departments, in all other respects unconnected and 
 quite distinct from each other. 
 
 At six o'clock Mr. Mash, on the part of the Lord Chamberlain, at- 
 tended by one of the principal officers of the Board of Work*, the 
 Surveyor of the Church, and the Clerk of the Works at Westminster, 
 with his workmen, proceeded to take up the marble paving and dig 
 out the earth, which covers, at the depth of about two feet, three 
 ponderous slabs of stone, which being removed, discloses a circular 
 
188 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 staircase leading to a spacious passage, paved and arched with Port- 
 land stone, on either side of which are groined compartments, con- 
 taining each two coffins with their urns ; and at the further end, under 
 an arched recess, is placed a beautiful sarcophagus of black and gold 
 marble, the top enriched with appropriate carving in white marble ; 
 in this are deposited the coffins of King George the Second and Queen 
 Caroline ; besides these, there are in all thirteen other coffins in the 
 Royal Vault, including those of the Prince and Princess of Wales, 
 the father and mother of our late Monarch, with the Princes and 
 Princesses, his brothers and sisters. The vault is very spacious, and 
 about nine feet in height, and its appearance peculiarly solemn and 
 grand . 
 
 At eight o'clock the royal undertaker, attended in Dean's Yard, 
 with two hearses and four, grandly decorated, with the requisite 
 mourning coaches for attendants : the two coffins, being then placed 
 on biers were brought out of the vault by men appointed by the Board 
 of Works for that purpose, and delivered to the Lord Chamberlain's 
 officers, and under their direction placed in the hearses and conveyed 
 to Windsor, there to be privately deposited in the royal mausoleum, 
 on gothic pedestals of stone, in the same compartment with, and on 
 each side of the coffins of, our late revered King and Queen ; the 
 Assistant Surveyor General of the Officers of the Board of Works, in 
 charge of the mausoleum, attending there to receive the same. The 
 coffins were in complete preservation, the crimson velvet being but 
 little discoloured, and the ornaments perfectly bright; that of Prince 
 Octavius is four feet four inches in length, and that of Prince Alfred 
 four feet. The above particulars will appear more interesting, when it 
 is known that the royal sepulchre at Westminster will never again 
 be opened. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 G. 
 
 Ceremonies observed at the Installation of the Duke of Rutland^ 
 the Earl of Hardwicke, the Duke of Beaufort, the Marquis of 
 Abercorn, the Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery, the Earl of 
 Winchilsea and Nottingham, and the Earl of Chesterfield^ on 
 St. George's Day,(2^d April,) 1805. 
 
 On the morning of installation, at ten o'clock, the knights com- 
 panions, in the following complete habit of the Order, consisting of— 
 a black velvet plume, white ostrich feathers, and heron sprig; a 
 purple velvet mantle, lined with white silk ; gold and purple cordons; 
 collar of the Order ; crimson velvet hood, and crimson velvet surcoat ; 
 silver tissue jacket, and puffed breeches; white silk pantaloo^as ; 
 white kid shoes; silver shoe roses, and silver knee ditto, garter, &c. 
 
 The officers of the Order in their mantles ; the knights elect in their 
 under habits, having their caps and feathers in their hands ; and th© 
 Honourable Captain Yorke, the proxy of the Earl of Hardwicke, in 
 his ordinary habit ; attended the sovereign in the royal apartment. 
 
 The Officers of Arms, and the four Sergeants at Arms, witfi their 
 maces, attended in the Presence Chamber ; the Prebends, Poor and 
 Naval Knights, as also the ketlle-drums and house trumpets, in the 
 Guard Chamber. 
 
 The Honourable Captain Yorke, proxy for the Earl of Hardwicke, 
 walked in the procession, dressed in his naval uniform. 
 
 At eleven o'clock, a discharge or guns announced the procession. 
 The Sovereign coming under his state. Garter King of Arms called 
 over the knights ; and a procession was made from the royal apart- 
 ment through the Presence and Guard Chambers ; the end of St. 
 George's Hall ; the late Private Chapel; the passage leading to the 
 great stairs ; descending which, through the Hall to the Great Court ; 
 and from thence to the south door of St. George's Chapel, in the fol- 
 lowing order : 
 
 Two Fife Majors. 
 Four Drum Majors of the Household. 
 
 Lamb, Esq. Drum Major of England, uncovered. 
 
 Fourteen Trumpets. 
 Two Trombones. 
 - Two Side Drums. 
 All in their state dresses ; the trumpets playing the jubilee and in- 
 stallation marches, alternately relieved by the drums and fifes. 
 Six Naval Officers of Travers' College, two and two. 
 Eighteen Poor Knights of Windsor, two and two. 
 Ten Prebends, two and two. 
 Pursuivants and Herald*, two and two. 
 Norroy King at Arms, Clarencieux ditto. 
 
190 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 KNIGHTS ELECT, 
 
 Having their caps and feathers in their hands. 
 Earl of Chesterfield. Earl Winchilsea. 
 Earl of Pembroke. Marquis of Abercorn. 
 
 Duke of Beaufort. 
 Duke of Rutland. 
 
 knights' companions, 
 Earl Camden. 
 Earl Spencer. 
 Earl of Westmoreland. Earl of Salisbury. 
 
 Earl of Chatham. 
 Duke of Devonshire. 
 Prince William. Duke of Gloucester. 
 
 Duke of Cambridge. Duke of Sussex. 
 Duke of Cumberland. Duke of Kent. 
 
 Duke of Clarence. Duke of York. 
 
 Prince of Wales. 
 The Registrar (the Dean), 
 Having Garter King at Arms on his right, and Deputy Black Rod on 
 his left hand. 
 * The Chancellor with the Purse, 
 Having on his right hand the Prelate. 
 Two Sergeants at Arms. Two Sergeants at Arms. 
 
 Lord Chamberlain. The Sword of State. 
 
 The Sovereign, 
 Gentlemen His Train borne by the Marquisses of Gentlemen 
 Pensioners. Worcester and Tavistock, Pensioners. 
 
 And the Honourable Mr. Villiers. 
 
 the officers of state. 
 The Earl of Harrington, Gold Stick. 
 Marquis of Hertford, Master of the Horse. 
 Earl of Macclesfield, Captain of the Yeoman of the Guards. 
 Lord St. Helen's, Lord in Waiting. 
 Band of Gentlemen Pensioners. 
 Ten of his Majesty's Pages, in a new uniform. 
 
 The morning being extremely fine, the splendour of the scene was 
 considerably heightened by her Majesty, their Royal Highnesses the 
 Princesses Elizabeth, Mary, Sophia, and Amelia, the Princess of 
 Wales, and the Duchess of York, with a very considerable number of 
 maids of honour and ladies in waiting, accompanying the procession, 
 followed by the Yeomen of the Guards, 
 
 In this manner, moving to the Chapel, the procession entered the 
 south door t ; passed down the south aisle, and up the centre or nave ; 
 then turning to the left, proceeded up the north aisle to the chapter- 
 house, the organ and band playing the march in Hercules ; the Naval 
 and Poor Knights dividing on either side, at some distance from the 
 
 * The Chancellor being indisposed, the Purse was carried by his 
 locum tenens. 
 
 t Her Majesty and the Princesses, with the ladies above-mentioned, 
 entered at the east door. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 191 
 
 shapter-house, then the Prebends next above, and the officers o f 
 arms nearest to the chapter house. 
 
 None entering with the Sovereign into the chapter-house but the 
 knights companions, and the sworn officers of the Order •, the knights 
 elect retired to their chairs in the aisle behind the altar. The 
 Sovereign's train was carried into the chapter-house by Garter, 
 and borne out of the chapter-house by Deputy Black Rod, and then 
 again carried by the train-bearers. 
 
 Deputy Black Rod, and the Registrar, not having been sworn, 
 remained in the aisle, opposite to the knights elect. 
 
 The Sovereign and the knights companions being seated, the latter, 
 according to their seniority, and their stalls in the Chapel ; Garter 
 acquainted his Majesty, that Robert Quarme, Esq. Deputy Black Rod, 
 waited at the door and humbly prayed admittance to take the oath of 
 office ; and he being thereupon introduced by Garter, kneeled near the 
 Sovereign, on the left hand, when Garter, holding the Gospels, ad- 
 ministered the oath. Deputy Black Rod having kissed the Sovereign's 
 hand, retired to his place at the bottom of the table. 
 
 Then Garter (in the absence of the Chancellor, who was indisposed) 
 acquainted his Majesty that the Dean of Windsor, the Hon. and Rev. 
 Doctor Edward Legge, attended at the door, and prayed admittance, 
 to take the oath, as Registrar of the Order. He was thereupon in- 
 troduced by Garter and Deputy Black Rod, the latter carrying the 
 ensigns of the registrar's office, (his locum tenens administered the 
 oath) and Registrar being invested, and having kissed the Sovereign's 
 hand, withdrew to his place at the iDottom of the table. 
 
 Then, by the Sovereign's command, the officer acting for the Chan- 
 cellor, standing on the left hand of his Majesty, read the new statute ; 
 which done, the Registrar returned to his place. 
 
 Garter then, by the Sovereigu's command, introduced the Duke of 
 Rutland, between two knights, viz. their Royal Hignesses the Dukes 
 of York and Clarence, who was received at the door by the two junior 
 knights, and conducted to the table, where the surcoat, girdle, and 
 sword had been placed ; and Garter presenting the surcoat to the two 
 senior knights, they invested his grace therewith, the Registrar 
 reading this admonition : — ■ 
 
 " Take this robe of crimson, to the increase of your honour, and in 
 token and sign of the Most Noble Order you have received, wherewith 
 you being defended, may be bold not only strong to fight, but also to 
 offer yourself to shed your blood for Christ's faith, the liberties of the 
 Church, and the just and necessary defence of them who are oppressed 
 and needy." 
 
 Then Garter presented the girdle in like manner, and afterwards the.^ 
 sword, which they put on his Grace, who then took his place near the 
 table. 
 
 Garter then introduced the Honourable Captain Yorke, the proxy of 
 the Earl of Hardwicke, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and Knight Elect 
 of the Order, who stood at his Excellency's place near the table, be- 
 tween their Royal Highnesses the Dukes of Cumberland and Kent. 
 
 Garter then introduced the Duke of Beaufort, between two knights, 
 viz. their Royal Highnesses the Dukes of Sussex and Cambridge, 
 
 Garter then introduced the iMarquis of Abercorn, between two knights, 
 
192 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 viz. tlieir Royal Highnesses the Duke of Gloucester and Prince W illiam 
 of Gloucester. 
 
 Garter then introduced the Earl of Pembroke, between two knights, 
 Tiz. the Duke of Devonshire and the Earl of Chatham. 
 
 Garter then introduced the Earl of WinchiUea, between two knights, 
 viz. the Marquis of Salisbury and the Earl of Westmoreland. 
 
 Garter then introduced the Earl of Chesterfield, between two knights, 
 viz. Earls Spencer and Camden ; who were severally invested with the 
 surcoat, girdle, and sword, with the like ceremonies as in the case of 
 the Duke of Rutland and the proxy of the Earl of Hard wi eke. 
 
 The knights elect and the proxy continued in the Chapter-house, 
 while the procession to the Chapel was made doAvn to the bottom of 
 the north aisle and up the nave into the choir, in the following order: — 
 
 First the Naval and Poor Knights, who, coming into the choir, 
 made their'reverences, first to the altar, then to the Sovereign's stall, 
 and placed themselves on each side, near the altar. 
 
 The Prebends made their reverences in like manner, and went to 
 their places under the stalls. 
 
 The Officers of Arms, making their reverences, stood next to the 
 Poor Knights. 
 
 Then the Knights Companions, each in the order in which he had 
 walked, made their reverences, and retired under their banners, where 
 they remained standing. 
 
 The Registrar, Garter, and Deputy Black Rod, making their reve- 
 rences together, stood before their form. 
 
 The Prelate and Chancellor did the same. 
 
 The Sword of State, with the Lord Chamberlain on his left hand 
 (the Sovereign being seated), stood on the steps belore or under the 
 Sovereign's stall. 
 
 The Sovereign made one reverence to the altar, and being in his 
 stall, repeated the same ; the train-bearers standing upon the step« 
 leading to the Sovereign's stall. 
 
 Garter then went into the middle of the choir, and making his double 
 reverence, waved his sceptre towards his Royal Highness the Prince 
 of Wales, who thereupon came from under his banner, made his 
 reverences, and ascended into his stall, where, repeating his reverences, 
 he sat down. 
 
 All the other knights continued standing under their banners. 
 The Prelate was conducted to the altar by the verger of St. George's 
 Chapel, and the two prebends by the same verger. 
 
 OFFERIiNG OF THE ACHIEVEMENTS. 
 
 Then Garter, with the usual reverences, the organ and band placing 
 the Dead March, in Saul, and Dirge, in Sampson, took up the banner 
 of bis Serene Highness the late Duke of Saxe Gotha, and holding it up, 
 the Provincial Kings of Arms joined, and making their reverences, 
 repaired to the two senior knights, who thereupon joined, making their 
 reverences together, and received the banner from Garter, which they 
 carried, the point foremost, a little declining ; and being preceded by 
 the said Provincial Kings of Arms, advanced to the first step of the 
 altar, where they repeated their reverences, and coming to the rails, 
 made one reverence to the altar ; then kneeling, they delivered the 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE, 
 
 193 
 
 banner to the prelate, who, assisted by the prebends, placed it upright 
 at the south end of the altar. 
 
 The two knights then returned with like reverence, and stood under 
 their banners. 
 
 The sword was then delivered by Garter to the two next senior 
 knights, who, attended by the said provincial kings of arras, offered 
 the same, the hilt upwards, with the like ceremonies. 
 
 The helm and crest were offered by the two next senior knights, 
 with the same ceremony, attended by the said provincial kings of 
 arms. 
 
 The achievements of the late Marquis of Stafford, of the late Duke 
 of Beaufort, and the late Duke of Roxburgh, were offered, with the 
 same ceremonies, by the six senior knights, not of the blood royal, 
 attended each time by two heralds, in rotation. 
 
 Then Garter, bowing to each knight (the senior first), summoned 
 him to ascend into his stall ; when he made his reverences, and the 
 same were repeated when in the stall. 
 
 All the knights being in their stalls. Garter summoned the two senior 
 knights under their banners, in order to instal the Duke of Rutland ; 
 and a procession was made to the chapter-house, all making the usual 
 reverences on going out of the choir, in the following order : — 
 Naval Knights, two and two. 
 Poor Knights, two and two. 
 Officers of Arms. 
 Deputy Black Rod. The Registrar. Garter. 
 The two knights went into the chapter-house, from whence they 
 returned to the choir in the following order :-— 
 
 Naval Knights, two and two. 
 Poor Knights, two and two. 
 Officers of Arms. 
 Deputy Garter, The Registrar, 
 
 Black Rod. carrying on a cushion carrying in his hand 
 
 the mantle, hood, great collar, the 
 
 and New Testament, 
 
 book of statutes. and the forms of the oath 
 and admonitions. 
 
 The two Knights, 
 having the Duke of Rutland between them : 
 His Grace was habited in his surcoat, and girt with his sword, 
 and carried his cap and feathers in his hand. 
 The procession passing to the west end of the choir only, entered the 
 choir, all making the usual reverences. Garter, with the Registrar 
 and Deputy Black Rod, went under the stall appointed for his Grace j 
 Garter placing the cushion upon the desk of the lower stall. 
 
 The two knights with the duke entered into the lower stall, where 
 theRegistrar administered the following oath, DeputyBlack Rod holding 
 the Gospels : — 
 
 ** You, being chosen to be one of the honourable company of the 
 most noble Order of the Garter, shall promise and swear by the Holy 
 Evangelists, by youhere touched, that wittingly and willingly you shall 
 not break any statute of ihe said Order, or any article in them contained, 
 unless you shall have first received a dispensation from the Sovereign, 
 the same being agreeable, and not repugnant, to the will of God and the 
 
 S 
 
194 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 laws of the realm, as far forth as to y«u belongeth and appertaineth, so? 
 help yon God and his holy word." 
 
 The two knights then conducted his grace into the upper stall; the 
 Registrar and Charter entering into the lower stall j the Deputy Black 
 Rod remaining in the area. 
 
 Garter then presented the mantle to the knights, who invested his 
 grace therewith, the Registrar reading the following admonition : — 
 
 " Receive this robe of heavenly colour, the livery of this most ex- 
 cellent Order, in augmentation of thy honour, ennobled with the shield 
 and red cross of our Lord, by whose power thou mayest safely pierce 
 troops of thine enemies, and be over them ever victorious ; and being, 
 in this temporal warfare, glorious in egregious and heroic actions, 
 thou mayest obtain eternal and triumphant joy." 
 
 Next Garter presented the hood, which was put on over his grace^s 
 right shoulder, the ends of the tippets being brought in front, and 
 passed under the girdle. 
 
 Then Garter presented the ^reat collar and George, with which the 
 knights invested the duke, whilst the Registrar read this admonition : — 
 
 " Wear this collar about thy neck, adorned with the image of the 
 blessed martyr and soldier in Christ, St. George, by whose imitation 
 provoked, thou mayest so o'erpass both prosperous and adverse en- 
 counters, that having stoutly vanquished thine enemies, both of body 
 and soul, thou mayest not only survive this transient combat, but be 
 crowned with palms of eternal victory." 
 
 Garter then presented the statute-book, which the knights delivered 
 to his grace ; and then placing the cap and feathers on his head, they 
 seated him in his stall ; and his grace rising up, made his double reve- 
 rence, viz. first to the altar, then to the sovereign. The knights, after 
 embracing and congratulating him, descended into the middle of the 
 choir, and making their reverences, went up into their stalls, and, 
 repeating the same, sat down j the officers returning to their places. 
 
 Garter summoned the two knights next in seniority, in order to 
 instal the Honourable Captain Yorke, the proxy for the Earl of Hard- 
 wicke, who was thereupon conducted, with the same ceremony, into 
 the stall under that appointed for his principal, where the Registrar 
 administered to him the oath. He was then conducted into the upper 
 stall, and the mantle being presented by Garter, the knights put the 
 same over his left arm, so that the cross, embroidered within the garter, 
 might be seen. They then seated the said proxy in the stall, with the 
 ceremony as before mentioned, and returned to their stalls j the proxy 
 immediately rising, made his reverences, and remained standing during 
 the rest of the ceremony, with the mantle on his arm. 
 
 The Duke of Beaufort, the Marquis of Abercorn, the Earl of Pem- 
 broke, the Earl of Winchilsea, and the Earl of Chesterfield, were 
 severally introduced and installed in the same manner as the Duke of 
 Rutland, and by the same knights respectively who introduced them 
 into the chapter-house. 
 
 The knights thus installed, divine service began, which was the same 
 with that used in St. George's Chapel on the Obiit Sundays, except 
 that no sermon was preached. 
 
 Proper psalms, the 21st, 146lh, and 147th. 
 
 First lesson, 44th chapter of Ecclesiastes. 
 Te Deum, •omposed by Gibbons. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 195 
 
 Second lesson, 11th chapter of the Epistles to the Hebrews. 
 
 The anthem, a celebrated composition of Handel, selected for the 
 occasion by his Majesty, from Psalm the 21st, was sung at the con- 
 clusion of the first service ; the words are as follow : — 
 
 Chorus — The King shall rejoice in thy strength, O Lord." 
 
 Verse — Exceeding glad shall he be of tliy salvation." 
 
 Chorus — ** Glory and great worship hast thou laid upon him. 
 
 " Thou hast presented him with the blessings of goodness, and hast 
 set a crown of pure gold upon his*head." 
 
 Full chorus — Hallelujah." 
 
 Communion Service — Kyrie Eleeson, by Dr. Child. 
 
 OFFERING. 
 
 At the words of the offertory, " Let your light so shine," &c., th® 
 organ and band playing the-4eV in Berenice, the officers of the wardrobe 
 spread a carpet on the steps of the altar ; and Deputy Black Rod, 
 making his obeisances, went up to the rails of the altar, on the riglit 
 side, where he received from the yeoman of the wardrobe a rich carpet 
 and cushion, which, with the assistance of the yeoman, he laid down 
 for the Sovereign to kneel upon. 
 
 In the mean time. Garter summoned the knights from their stalls, 
 beginning with the junior; each knight making his reverence in his 
 stall, and repeating the same, with his companion, in the choir, retired 
 under his banner. 
 
 All the knights standing thus under their banners, and the prelate at 
 the altar to receive the offerings, the sovereign, making his reverence 
 to the altar, descended from his stall, and then making another reve- 
 rence in the middle of the choir, proceeded to the offering in the follow- 
 ing order; — 
 
 Garter. The Registrar, 
 
 The Chancellor. 
 The Lord Chamberlain. The Sword of State. 
 
 The Sovereign, 
 His Majesty's train borne as before. 
 The senior knight, not of the blood royal, being the knight ap- 
 pointed to deliver the offering to the Sovereign, made his reverence as 
 the procession passed ; and thereupon placed himself a little behind 
 his Majesty, on the right side. 
 
 The Sovereign, coming to the rails of the altar, made a reverence ; 
 when Deputy Black Rod, on his knee, delivered the offering to the 
 knight, who delivered it to the Sovereign, and his Majesty, taking off 
 his cap and feathers, put the offering into the basin held by the prelate, 
 assisted by the prebends. 
 
 The Sovereign, rising, made his reverence to the altar; and, retiring, 
 another in the middle of the choir ; all the attendants turning as his 
 Majesty did, and making their reverences at the same time ; and, being 
 in his stall, another. The knight who delivered the offering, retired 
 under his banner, when the procession came opposite the same. 
 
 During the Sovereign's return, the officers of the wardrobe removed 
 the carpet and cushion whereon his Majesty had kneeled ; leaving the 
 first carpet, and placing two cushions for the knights ; and Deputy 
 Black Rod, with the usual reverences, returning to his place. 
 
 s 2 
 
196 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 All the knights standing under their banners, the provincial kings of 
 arms joined with usual reverences, and went to his Royal Highfless 
 the Prince of Wales, who, in the middle of the choir, made his double 
 reverence, viz. first to the altar, then to the Sovereign, and was con - 
 ducted to the altar, where, taking off his cap and making another 
 reverence, he kneeled, and offered gold and silver into the basin ; and 
 returning in the same order, went into his stall, where he made his 
 reverences, and sat down. 
 
 Then two oflicers of arms attended the two next knights in seniority, 
 being companions, who offered in like manner ; and so on, till all the 
 knights and the proxy, either singly or in pairs, had offered and ascended 
 into their stalls.* 
 
 Divine service being ended, the prelate was conducted to his seat 
 by the verger of St. George's Chapel. t 
 
 RETURN. 
 
 Garter then summoned the knights under their banners, juniors first; 
 when done. 
 
 The naval and poorknights joined, made their reverences, and went 
 out of the choir, as did the prebends, the officers of arms, the knights, 
 and the officers of the Order. The Lord Chamberlain and the Sword 
 of State preceded the Sovereign as before. The procession moved down 
 the nave to the great west door of the chapel, up the south aisle, and 
 out at the south door, to the upper Castle. But the proxy went in the 
 procession no farther than the south door, where the mantle of his 
 principal was delivered to the sexton. 
 
 The drums and trumpets continued in the procession until the return 
 to the King's Guard-chamber. 
 
 The naval and poor knights, and prebends, filed off on either side in 
 the Guard-chamber. 
 
 The officers of arms, and the four sergeants at arms, in the Presence- 
 chamber. 
 
 The knights companions divided on either side in the Royal apart- 
 ment. 
 
 The Sovereign, having the oflicers of the Order before him, went 
 under the state, where he saluted the knights by pulling off his cap, 
 and then retired till dinner time. 
 
 DINNER. 
 
 When the first service was placed on the tables of the Sovereign and 
 knights, the knights and officers, being in their order, in the Presence- 
 chamber as before, and his Majesty under the state, a procession was 
 made to St. George's Hall, in the following order: — 
 The Officers of Arms. 
 The Knights in their order, according to their stalls. 
 The Officers of the Order. 
 The Lord Chamberlain. The Sword of State. 
 
 The Sovereign. 
 
 * The provincial kings of arms attended those knights who were of 
 the blood royal ; and the senior heralds, in rotation, 3ie other knights 
 companions, 
 
 t It was past five o'clock before the ceremony was finished. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 197 
 
 The officers of arms divided at the lower end of the hall ; the knights 
 above them in a line according to their seniority, the senior nearest 
 the state, who took off their caps and feathers as the Sovereign passed. 
 The officers of the order proceeded before the Sovereign to the haut- 
 pas, and then went behind the knights. 
 
 The Sovereign being under his state, saluted the knights, and the 
 Princes of the blood royal ascended the haut-pas, and stood at the 
 ends of the table j the Prince of Wales on his Majesty's right hand, and 
 the other princes of the blood according to their rank. 
 Grace being said by the prelate, the Sovereign sat down. 
 Then the knights put on their caps, and were conducted by the 
 officers of arms to the table, the seniors tirst passing up from the lower 
 end, and taking their places according to their seniority. The proxy 
 of the Earl of Hardwicke took his place below the junior knight. 
 
 Towards the latter end of the first course, a large gilt cup being 
 brought to the Sovereign by the cup-bearer, his Majesty drank to 
 the knights ; who being, at his Majesty's command, informed of the 
 same by Garter, stood up uncovered, altogether pledged the Sovereign, 
 then sat down, and put on their caps. 
 
 The second course was then brought in as follows : — 
 
 Four Sergeants at Arms, with their maces, two and two. 
 Comptroller and Treasurer of the Household, together, 
 with their white staves. 
 The Sewer. 
 Gentlemen Pensioners, bearing the dishes. 
 Two Clerks of the Green Cloth. 
 The Clerk Comptroller. A Clerk of the Kitchen. 
 
 Immediately after. Garter, attended by all the officers of arms, 
 advanced from the lower end of the hall, with the usual reverences, to 
 the haut-pas ; and ascending the lower step, and crying Largesse" 
 thrice, proclaimed the Sovereign's style in Latin, French, and English. 
 
 The officers of arms then retired backwards, with the usual reve- 
 rences. 
 
 Garter and the officers of arms then cried " Largesse" thrice. 
 
 Then Garter bowed to the Duke of Rutland, who standing up un- 
 covered, Garter, with one " Largesse," proclaimed his Grace's style 
 in English. Garter and the officers of arms then cried " Largesse" 
 once. 
 
 In like manner Garterproclaimed the styles of the Earl of Hardwicke, 
 the Duke of Beaufort, the Marquis of Abercorn, the Earl of Pembroke, 
 the Earl of Winchilsea, and the Earl of Chesterfield. 
 
 The banquet was afterwards brought up to the Sovereign's table 
 with the same ceremony as the second course. 
 
 Dinner being ended, the knights placed themselves in a line, as 
 before dinner ; and grace being said by the prelate, and the Sovereign 
 having washed, the knights altogether made their reverences to his 
 Majesty, who put off his cap, and saluted them. 
 
 Then the knights and officers returned to the Presence-chamber, 
 before the Sovereign, in the same order in which they came from 
 thence. 
 
 At the upper or east end of St. George's Hall, where the painting of 
 King William the Third used to form a conspicuous ornament, a music 
 gallery had been recentlv erected, richly carved and gilt, Under the 
 s 3 
 
198 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 centre of this was the royal throne, covered with crimson velvet em- 
 broidered with gold, and surmounted with a light elegant canopy of 
 the same materials, and having on each side seats for the knights com- 
 panions of the blood royal. 
 
 In front of this was placed the table at which his Majesty dined, 
 accompanied by all the princes of the blood, habited in the full robes 
 of the Order. 
 
 To the right of the Sovereign's table, or on the north side of the hall, 
 w^as placed a long table, at which the knights dined in their installation 
 dresses. On the south side was a long gallery, erected for the recep- 
 tion of spectators, and covered with scarlet cloth. There were several 
 benches for a similar accommodation underneath it, behind the side 
 tables, which were set for the service of the knights' table. Her 
 Majesty and the Princesses occupied the gallery at the west end, sup- 
 ported by the caryatides, and fronting the throne. 
 
 Entertainments were also given in the Castle to the nobility, gentry, 
 and military officers, exclusive of the knights' banquet in St. George's 
 
 Numerous tables were also furnished in various parts of the Castle; 
 but these we shall pass over to notice those placed in the court-yard 
 for the populace. According to tradition, even at Windsor, all the 
 fragments that formerly came from the knights' table, together with 
 the dishes, plates, tablecloths. Sec, were all given to the populace. 
 This story, whether founded or not, had filled the minds of the common 
 people, and determined them to join in the scramble ; and perhaps they 
 were the more eager, as they might have learned that, on the present 
 occasion, nine long tables were fixed round the lawn in the quadrangle 
 fronting St. George's Hall, on which the fragments were to be placed. 
 They had also been informed that the baron of beef had been roasted, 
 and accordingly formed themselves into detachments or parties, to bear 
 off this highly-honoured dish in triumph. Long before the knights had 
 dined, they began to assemble on the outside of the gates fronting the 
 Queen's Lodge, and continued to increase in great numbers. Many 
 persons who had pass-tickets were anxious to get within the Castle to 
 see the scramble ; but their tickets were of no avail, the gates remain- 
 ing closely shut till day-light had nearly closed. The instant the gates 
 were thrown open, the crowd rushed in like a torrent in pursuit of 
 their booty. The objects they were most bent on seem to have been 
 the baron or the dishes ; such as could not obtain these seized the 
 spoons or tablecloths, and those who apprehended total disappointment 
 committed violence on the tables ; so that in less than five minutes after 
 the gates were opened, the whole was entirely carried off. The hopes 
 even of the most successful were disappointed, for they had fondly 
 imagined to find silver instead of pewter. 
 
 THE FEST OF ST, GEORGE, AT Y'E CASTLE OF WYNDESORE, 29e. MAYE, 
 ANNO llmo. HEN. 8vO. 
 
 On y'e morrowe, beying Sonday, 29th Maye, in y'e morn, ab't viii 
 of y'e clocke, y'e Souveraine, and knyghts, and officers of th' Ordre, 
 all beyng on horsebacke, rode downe to y'e College to here matyns, 
 and lighted at y'e sowthe dore of y'e churche,and directlye proceeded 
 to y'r stallys with out goyng to y'e Chapitre Hows ; and at Te Deum 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 199 
 
 and Benedictus j'c King was sensed with y'e prelalis, and y'e knyghts 
 were sensed as before is s'd. The matyns doon y'e King, knyghts of 
 th' Ordre, and many oder, went to y'e Deanys place to brakefast, 
 and after that doon, went to the Chapitre Hows, wher y'e King efte- 
 sonys ratyfyed y'e pardon graunted untoey'm all ; w'ch doon, retourned 
 to y'e quere, and after entred their stallys tyll the procession was 
 redy, w'ch procession was ordered as of old tyme accasturaed, and y'e 
 pore knyghts went next before y'e officiers of arms, on y'e syde of y'e 
 mynisters, than the prelate of th' Ordre, wiche did bear Saint George's 
 harte under y'e canopye horierabel assisted ; and iiii torches, borne by 
 iiii noble men at y'e corners, went next before the Souveraine, saying 
 that was his rome and place ; the olliciers of th' Ordre went before y'e 
 canopye, and y'e knyghts of th' Ordre before them, and before y'e 
 knyghts the ofliciers of amies, and before y'm, on eyther syde of y'e 
 qnere, as is before s'd, went y'e pore knyghts ; and y'e quene and the 
 ladys at this tyme went not a procession: wiche fiayshed, y'e 
 Souveraine and y'e knyghts retourned to y'r stallys ageyn, and then 
 began y'e masse, and after y'e gospel y'e King was censed bothe by 
 y'e gospeller, th' Abbot of Tourhill, and th' Abbot of Medenham, 
 epistoler ; and after, oon of y'm y'e s'd prelats, went on y' oon syde 
 and y'e oder on y'e oder syde, and sensed y'e knyghts. At the offring 
 time y'e knyghts offred according to y'e statuts after their stallys. Y'e 
 masse almoste fynisbed, at y'e agnus, y'e King and y'e knyghts of th' 
 Ordre had holy brede and holy water ; and aftir ryding in like ordre 
 as before, retourned to y'e quadrant, and aftir y'e King had paused a 
 littill while in his chambre, his grace went to dyner intoe y'e hall, and 
 ther kept his roiall estat, non sittyng at his borde but oonlye y'e Lord 
 Ric.Fox, Byshoppe of Winchestre, and prelat of th' Oidre, wiche sat 
 on y'e right hand of y'e King, and nere to y'e bordye, and all the oder 
 knyghts of the Ordre, &c. as dukes, &c. according to y'r stallys, sat 
 all arow on y'e oon syd of y'e north part of y'e hall, and non at y'e 
 syde bords of y'e northesyd but oouly y'e knyghts of the Ordre, for 
 there was but as oon borde, for all were joyned togedre in oon ; and 
 on the sowthe syde of y'e hall, at y'e L'd Stewardes borde, satcerteyn 
 Frenche gentilmen, beying hostaigers of France, accompaigned with 
 erlls and lordys,and non at that borde under y'e estat of a lord ; and at 
 the myddel horde, on y'e said sowthe syde, sat y'e Deane of Wynde- 
 sore, Doctor Vesey, registrar, th' Abbotts of Tourhill and of Medenham, 
 and y'e quere or chappell, and at y'e west end of y'e same borde, wich 
 was all joyned togedre as fare as to y'e ewrye, sat y'e oder officiers of 
 th' Ordre, as regist., gartier king of armes, and y'e huyssier of th' 
 Ordre, then being Sir Will. Compton, having y'e office called y'e blac 
 rodde, whose rome was kept for him, accompagnied w'h y'e legatis 
 brodir, and iiii oder honest straungers, andbenethey'e s'd straungers, 
 for y'e 2nd messe, satt dy vers knyghts, and next to them satt th'officie 
 of armes, and then certayn odir gentilmen filled up y'e borde unto y'e 
 chapill or quere ; the residew of y'e odir officiers satt in y'e chapell, 
 att dyvers hordes, for in olde tyme y'e s'd chapell was a parcell of y'e 
 hall. Th'officiers of th' Ordre had sponys of fyne gold, and y'e servyce 
 y't was servyed at y'e s'd fest was very sumptueuse,and many subtiles. 
 And sumwhat before y'e ii corse y'e quene and y'e ladys cam to y'e 
 gallerie at y'e hall end, wiche was right honorably prepayred for her 
 grace for to see y'e homiorable servyces and ceremonyes of y'e s'd 
 
200 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 fest. The trompets blew for y'e most part of y*e dyner tyme, except 
 at such tyme as oder mynstrells of England and of ^payne did playe. 
 The kinges stille and largesse was proclaymed after y'e ii corse, as 
 accustomed. Y'e dyner fynyshed, y'e surnap was drawen by Stephen, 
 marshall of y'e hall, then y'e prelatt, accompaigned w'th y'e mynysters 
 of y'e churche, sayd graces, w'ch doon, y'e king was served of his 
 voyde, and y'e knyghts alsoo, standyng all alonge, and y'e myddill of 
 the hall voyded of y'e people, and after that, y'e trompets blowing, y'e 
 mynstrells playing, gretely accompagnied with joye and Gods blessing, 
 retourned to his cliambre, wher he tarryed unto y'e evensonge tyme, 
 wiche was after iiii of y'e cloke, almost v. 
 
 FORM OF THE DEGRADATION OF A KNIGHT COMPANION. 
 
 The degradation of a knight companion, according to the second 
 article of King Henry Vlllth's statutes, is to be inflicted on all those 
 who shall be found guilty of heresy, treason, or flying from battle. 
 
 When a knight companion is found guilty of any of these off*ences, 
 and is in the dominions of the sovereign, he is usually degraded at the 
 ensuing chapter ; and the sovereign having acquainted the knights 
 companions with his intention to have the ceremony performed, he 
 commands Garter to attend such of them as are appointed to go to the 
 convict knight, who, in a solemn manner, first take from him his 
 George and riband, and then his garter. And at the following feast of 
 St. George, (or sooner, if the sovereign appoint,) publication of his 
 crimes and degradation is made by Garter, and a warrant issued out 
 to him for taking down the achievements of the knight, which is per- 
 formed as follows : — 
 
 First, Garter, in his coat of arms, usually before morning prayer, 
 standing in the middle of the choir in St. George's Chapel, the officers 
 of arms standing about him, and the Black Rod also present, reads 
 aloud the instrument for perfecting the knight's degradation. This 
 being read, the deputed herald being placed on the back of the stall 
 of the convict knight, when Garter pronounces these words — " Be 
 expelled and put from among the arms," &c. — takes his crest, and 
 violently casts it down into the choir, and afterwards his banner and 
 sword ; and when the publication is read out, all the officers at arms 
 spurn the achievements out of the choir into the body of the church ; 
 first the sword, secondly the banner, and lastly the crest; so on, out 
 of the west door, thence through the Castle -gate, from whence they 
 are thrown into the Castle ditch. 
 
 At a chapter held 32d Henry VIII,, it was determined that where- 
 soever the actions and names of such offenders should be found in the 
 books of the Order, these words, Vah, Proditor ! " should be 
 written in the margin, as a mark of ignominy, by which means the 
 registers would be preserved fair, and not defaced by erasements. 
 
 The last knight who was thus degraded, was the Duke of Ormond, 
 aiino 1 Geo. I., for acting in concert with the French General. 
 
THE WINDSOR 
 
 GUIDE. 
 
 201 
 
 H. 
 
 Porny^s Free School. 
 
 The founder of this institution was a native of Caen, in Normandy, 
 and came into this country, as appears by his last will, in the year 
 1754. He was then about the age of 23, as, at the time of his death, 
 in May, 1802, he was 71 years old. It seems from letters written to 
 two of his relatives, in 1799, at the time of making his will, that he was 
 of a respectable family, and that his real name was Antoioe Pyron du 
 Martre. Why he assumed, in this country, the name of Mark Antony 
 Porny does not appear, further than that he parted from his relatives 
 on unfriendly terms, and might therefore wish to elude their inquiries. 
 
 It does not appear from any memorial that Mr, P. has left behind 
 him, in what manner he was engaged from the time of his quitting 
 France, in 1754, until his being appointed French Teacher at Eton 
 College, about the year 1773. Here he commenced author. In 1780 
 he was appointed one of his Majesty's Poor Knights of Windsor. 
 Mr. Porny's success as a teacher was now become considerable, and 
 from this period to 1797, he appears to have acoumulated nearly 4000/. 
 sterling. 
 
 Mr. Porny, by his will, after giving some small legacies, amounting 
 to about 280/., bequeathed the residue of his property in the following 
 words : — " Lastly, as to the rest, residue, and the remainder of my 
 eftects and property, real and personal, such as the money I have 
 placed in the stocks or funds at the Bank, in the city of London, or any 
 other property, of what nature and kind soever, which I shall be pos- 
 sessed of, interested in, or entitled to, in Great Britain, at the time of 
 my decease, as will appear by my papers, after all my lawful and just 
 debts, funeral expenses, legacies herein bequeathed, and all charges 
 relating thereto, are paid, I dispose thereof in the following manner ; 
 that is to say, I give and bequeath, upon trust, unto the treasurer of 
 the Charity and Sunday School established in the parish of Eton, in the 
 county of Bucks, anno 1790, for the following uses and purposes, that 
 is to say, that the aforesaid residue, rest, and remainder of my effects 
 and property shall be applied, by the trustees or committee, or by 
 whatever name they may be designated for the time being, of the 
 aforesaid Charity and Sunday School, towards carrying on the laudable 
 and useful designs of its institution ; and I do hereby nominate, con- 
 stitute, and appoint Mr. Charles Knight, printer, bookseller, and sta- 
 tioner, of the borough of New Windsor, in Berkshire, and Mr. Francis 
 Stracy, grocer to their Majesties, of the aforesaid borough, to be my 
 executors and trustees in the fulfilling punctually this last will and 
 testament of mine, which is written with my own hand." 
 
202 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 Notwithstanding the precautionary steps taken by Mr. Porny previous 
 to his death, and the punctual observance of the directions given to his 
 executors, his relatives in France manifested an intention of litigating 
 the legality of the will. A friendly suit in Chancery was therefore 
 instituted, wherein the executors were named plaintiffs, and William 
 Webb, the manager of the funds of the Sunday School, and the Attorney- 
 General, defendants ; and upon the same being heard, the whole was 
 referred to F. P. Stratford, Esq. one of the Masters of the said Court, 
 to approve of a scheme for carrying the charitable intentions of the 
 testator into execution. After all the usual forms of Chancery had been 
 duly observed, the scheme submitted for approbation was, that the 
 Provost and Fellows of Eton College had offered a piece of ground on 
 the west side of the town of Eton, whereon to build a house and school- 
 rooms, for the purpose of carrying the said charitable institution into 
 effect, of which they were willing to grant a lease, for such purpose 
 only, for the term of 40 years, renewable every 14 years, at the annual 
 rent of 40^. A plan was also submitted of a dwelling-house, consisting 
 of two divisions, for a school-master and school-mistress, and of two 
 school-rooms, together with a specification thereof, and of the expense 
 of the erection, on the oaths of two experienced surveyors ; and the 
 plaintiffs further proposed, that the management of the said school, and 
 of the charitable fund, should be under the control of the Provost and 
 Fellows of Eton for the time being, and of eight other inhabitants of 
 the parish of Eton, to be chosen, in the fir^t instance, out of the sub- 
 scribers at large to the said charity ; a variety of regulations were also 
 suggested, for the proper government of the institution. The Court 
 decreed that the same should be carried into effect accordingly, and 
 trustees appointed. 
 
 Two school-rooms and apartments for a master and mistress having 
 been erected, at an expense of 1723/., Mr. John Pope was appointed 
 school-master, and Mrs. Miller school-mistress; the former with a 
 salary of 50/. and the latter 40/. a year. The children are instructed 
 upon Dr. Bell's plan of education. The number taught are sixty boys 
 and thirty girls. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 203 
 
 I- 
 
 THE WINDSOR AND ETON CALENDAR, 
 
 Governor of Windsor Castle.— General the Earl of Harrington. 
 Housekeeper of Windsor Castle.— Hon. Georgiana Townsen4 
 
 KNIGHTS OF THE MOST NOBLE ORDER OF THE GARTER. 
 
 Prelate of the Order.— The Most Rev. Sir George P. Tomline, 
 
 Bishop of Winchester. 
 Chancellor. — The Most Rev. Dr. John Fisher, Bishop of Salisbury. 
 Registrar. — The Hon. and Rev. Henry L. Hobart, D.D. Dean of 
 
 Windsor. 
 
 Garter, Principal King at Arms. — Sir George Nayler, Knight. 
 Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod.— Sir Thos. Tyrwhitt, Knight. 
 
 Dean of Windsor, — The Hon. and Rev. Henry L. Hobart, D. D. 
 Canons. 
 
 The Rev. Edward North ey,B.D. Hon. and Rev. Richard B. Stop- 
 The Rev. Geo. Champagne, M.A. ford, M.A. 
 The Rev. Wm. Long, B.C. L. Hon. and Rev. H. C. Cast, M.A. 
 Hon. & Rev. Jacob Marsham,D.D. Rev. Charles Proby, M.A. 
 The Rev. Charles Digby, M. A. Rev. John Keate, D. D. 
 The Rev. Jos. Goodall, D.D. Pro= Rev. James Stanier Ciark, LL.D, 
 vost of Eton. Hon. and Rev. Rich. Bagot, M.A. 
 
 The Sovereign. 
 Duke of York. 
 Duke of Clarence. 
 Duke of Cumberland. 
 Duke of Sussex. 
 Duke of Cambridge. 
 Duke of Gloucester. 
 Emperor of Russia. 
 King of France. 
 Emperor of Austria. 
 King of Prussia, 
 King of Spain. 
 King of the Netherlands. 
 Prince Leopold of Saxe Co 
 
 Marquis Camden. 
 Duke of Rutland. 
 Earl of Hardwicke, 
 Duke of Beaufort, 
 Earl of Pembroke. 
 Earl of Winchilsea. 
 Marquis of Stafford. 
 Earl of Lonsdale. 
 Marquis Wellesley. 
 Duke of Montrose. 
 Marquis of Hastings. 
 Duke of Newcastle. 
 Duke of Wellington. 
 Earl of Liverpool. 
 Earl Bathurst. 
 Marquis of Anglesea. 
 Duke of Northumberland. 
 Duke of Buckingham. 
 Marquis Cholmondely. 
 Marquis of Hertford. 
 Marquis of Bath. 
 
 bourg. 
 King of Denmark. 
 King of Portugal. 
 Earl of Chatham. 
 Earl of Westmorland. 
 Earl of Carlisle. 
 Earl Spencer. 
 
 ST. GEORGE'S CHAPEL. 
 
204 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 , Minor Canons. 
 
 Rev. Lewis. Rev. Benj Pope. 
 
 Rev. Webb. Rev. Packe. 
 
 Rev. Thos. Charapnes. Rev. Carr. 
 
 Rev.Cliarles Charapnes. 
 
 Organist. — Mr. Horn, 
 
 Lay Clerks. 
 
 Mr. Heather. Mr. Francis. Mr. Hobbs, sen. 
 
 Miller. Salmon, jan. French. 
 
 Salmon, sen. West. Hobbs, jnn. 
 
 Smith. 
 
 Eight Choristers, a Verger, two Sextons, a Bell-ringer, and Porter. 
 
 HIS majesty's household. 
 
 Lord Chamberlain. — Duke of Montrose. 
 Vice Chamberlain. — Marquis of Graham. 
 
 Comptroller of Accounts and Superintendant of the Duties of the 
 
 Department. — Thomas B. Mash, Esq. 
 Keeper of the Privy Purse. — Sir Wm. Knighton, Bart. 
 Secretary to the Privy Purse. — Thomas Marrable, Esq. 
 Domestic Chaplain, Librarian, and Historiographer to his Majesty.— 
 
 Rev. C. R. Sumner, Prebendary of Worcester. 
 Surgeon and Apothecary, at Windsor. — John O'Reilly, Esq. 
 
 Lord Steward. — Marquis Conyngham. 
 Treasurer. — Lord C. Bentinck. 
 Comptroller. — Lord George Thos. Beresford. 
 Master of the Household. — General Sir Samuel Halse. 
 Secretary. — Timothy Brent, Esq. 
 
 MASTER OF THE HORSE'S DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Master of the Horse. — Duke of Dorset. 
 
 Chief Equerry and Clerk Marshal. — Lieut.-General Sir Francis T. 
 Hammond. 
 
 THE ROYAL HUNT. 
 
 Master of the Buck Hounds. — Lord Maryborough. 
 Huntsman. — Charles Davis. 
 
 Ranger of Windsor Home Park. — Ge»eral Sir Samuel Hulse. 
 Keeper of the same.— Mr. Engal. 
 
 COMMISSIONERS FOR THE REPAIRS OF WINDSOR CASTLE. 
 
 Duke of Wellington. Earl of Liverpool. 
 
 Earl of Aberdeen. Sir Charles Long, 
 
 Mr. Baring, 
 
 Architect,— Jeft'rey Wyattville, Esq. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 205 
 
 BOARD OF WORKS. 
 
 Surveyor General. — Benj. Chas. Stephenson, Esq. F.S.A. 
 
 Assistant Surveyor General and Cashier. — Henry Hake Seward, Esq. 
 
 Chief Examiner. — John Wm. Short, Esq. 
 
 Drawing and Measuring Clerk. — Mr. John Spence, Jun. 
 
 Assistant Examining: and Measuring Clerks. — Mr. John Phipps and 
 
 Mr. Wm. B. Barker. 
 Engrossing and Copying Clerks. — Mr. Wm. Lechenby and Mr. John 
 
 Oliver French. ^ 
 Attached Architects. — John Nash, John Soane, and Robert Smirke, 
 
 Esqrs. 
 
 Clerks of the Works. — Thos. Hardwick, Edward Crocker, William 
 Mathews, Lewis Wyatt, and Robt. C. Kidd, Esqrs. 
 
 Labourers in Trust. — Messrs. E. Crocker, Jun. Thos. F. Hunt, Adam 
 Lee, Wm. Collier, George Slade, William A. Arnold, Jas. Pea- 
 cock, John Hudson, Joshua Morris. 
 
 Turncock at Windsor. — Henry Smith. 
 
 THE HOUSEHOLD OF H. R. H. THE PRINCESS AUGUSTA SOPHIA. 
 
 Lady of the Bedchamber. — Lady Mary Taylor. 
 
 Bedchamber Woman.— Miss Sophia Wynyard. 
 
 Dresser. — Miss Wright. 
 
 House Steward.^ — Mr. Robt. Watklns. 
 
 Pages. — Mr. Moore and Mr. Hardy. 
 
 Housekeeper. — Mrs. Rowley. 
 
 Apothecary. — J. Pope Stevens, Esq. 
 
 CORPORATION OF WINDSOR. 
 
 High Steward.— H. R. H. the DUKE of YORK. 
 Mayor.— Edward Brown, Esq. (1824-5) 
 Aldermen. 
 
 *** Messrs. Egelstone, 
 ** Parker, 
 ** Hanson, 
 ** Atkins, 
 »* Knight, 
 
 Mr. John Clode. 
 Mr. John Voules, 
 
 ** Mr. Layton, Justice, (1824-5) 
 
 * Sir John Chapman, Rnt. 
 
 * Messrs. Davis, 
 
 * Banister. 
 
 Benchers. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Jenner. 
 
 Messrs. Tebbott, 
 W. Clode, 
 Church, 
 Snowden, 
 Blunt, 
 Legh. 
 
 Recorder and Under Steward.— Sir Giffin Wilson, Kut, 
 Town Clerk.— John Seeker, Esq. 
 
 Burgesses. 
 
 Messrs. Bedborough, 
 Baverstock, 
 T, Jennings, 
 C. Knight, 
 R. Sharman. 
 
 * The Aldermen thu« marked (*) hav« passed the ohaif. 
 T 
 
206 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 Members for the Borough. 
 John Ramsbottom, Jun. Esq. Woodside House, Berks. 
 Edward Cromwell Disbrowe, Esq. Walton Hall, Derby. 
 
 ETON COLLEGE. 
 
 Provost. — Rev. Joseph Goodall, D.D. 
 Vice-Provost. — Rev. William Roberts, D.D. 
 
 Fellows. 
 
 Rev. Wra. Foster Pigott, D.D. Rev. James C. Wright, M.A. 
 Rev. John Septimus Grover,M.A. Rev. John F. Plumtre, M.A. 
 Rev, George Bethell, M.A. Rev. Thos. Briggs, M.A. 
 
 Steward of the Courts. — G. Pennington, Esq. 
 Registrar. — Mr. E. Brown. 
 
 Upper Master.— -The Rev. John Keate, D.D. 
 Under Master.—The Rev. Thomas Carter, M.A. 
 
 Assistant Masters. — Upper School. 
 Rev. Mr. Chas. Yonge, M.A. Rev. Mr. Hawtrey. 
 Rev. Mr. Heath. Rev. Mr. Okes. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Knapp. Rev. Mr. Chapman. 
 
 Lower School. 
 Rev. Mr. Green. Mr. Wilder. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Dupuis. 
 
 Extra Masters. 
 
 French. — Mr. Duclos. Drawing. — Mr. W. Evans. 
 
 Writing. — Mr. Hexter. Fencing. — Mr. H. Angelo. 
 
 Italian & Spanish. — Mr. BolafFey. Dancing, — Mr. Venua. 
 
 Vicar of Windsor. — Rev. Isaac Gosset, A.M. 
 Curate. — Rev. William Thompson. 
 Rector of Clewer. — Rev. Dr. Foster Pigott. 
 Curate. — Rev. Moore. 
 
 Lay Impropriator of the Parish of New Windsor. — The Hon. F. 
 Keppel. 
 
 PHYSICIANS. 
 
 W. Fergusson, Esq. M.D., High-street. 
 R. Pope, M.D. Staines. 
 
 SURGEONS AND APOTHECARIES. 
 
 Sir John Chapman and Son, Thames-street. 
 
 Mr. James Godfrey, Sheet-street. 
 
 Mr. Mitchell, Peascod-street. 
 
 Mr. Moss, High-street, Eton. 
 
 Mr. O'Reilly, St. Alban's-street. 
 
 Mr. Rendall, High-street. 
 
 Mr. J. P. Stevens, High-street. 
 
 Mr. Stratford, High-street, Eton. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 207 
 
 DISPENSARY. 
 
 Resident Apothecary. — Mr. Mitchell, Church-street. 
 
 ACTING MAGISTRATES FOR BERKS AND BUCKS. 
 Windsor, otherwise Ripplesmere Division, 
 Lord Harcourt. James Ramsbottom, Esq. 
 
 Lord Ashbrook. Dr. Foster Pigott. 
 
 John Ramsbottom, Esq. M.P. Rev. William Roberts. 
 
 ATTORNEYS, &C. 
 
 Mr. R. G. Barton, Park-street. 
 Mr. E. Brown, Conveyancer, 
 
 Thames-street. 
 Mr. W. Long, Park-street. 
 
 Messrs. John Seeker and Son, 
 
 Thames-street. 
 Mr. E. Smith, Peascod-street. 
 Mr. W. J.Voules, Peascod-street. 
 Mr. J. B. Watmore, High-street. 
 
 COMMISSIONER FOR TAKING SPECIAL BAIL. 
 Mr. Knight, Sheet-street. 
 
 ASSOCIATION FOR PROSECUTING FELONS. 
 Treasurer and Secretary. — Mr. Knight, Sheet-street. 
 
 OFFICER OF THE SHERIFF OF BERKS. 
 
 William Baker, Thames-street. 
 
 CONSTABLES. 
 
 J.Smith, Peascod-street. T. Beenham, Clewer-lane. 
 
 ASSESSORS AND COLLECTORS. 
 
 Assessors and Collectors of King's Taxes. — Mr. Perryman, High- 
 street, and Mr. Lovegrove, High-street. 
 Collector of Poor's Rates. — Mr. John Lovegrove, High-street. 
 Collector of Highway Rates. — Mr. Smith, Peascod-street. 
 Collector of Church Rates. — Mr. Cobbett, St. Alban's-street. 
 
 COMMISSIONERS OF THE PAVEMENT.— SEPT. 1824. 
 
 Those marked thus (*) have left the town, but they are still com- 
 prised in the number (61) allowed by the Act of Parliament. 
 
 The Mayor. 
 The Justice. 
 The Recorder. 
 
 The Archbishop of Canterbury. 
 
 The Bishop of Bangor. 
 
 Sir W. Johnstone, Bart. 
 
 John Sturges, Esq. 
 
 Edward Fuller, Esq. 
 
 John Ramsbottom, sen,, Esq. 
 
 William Dawson, Esq. 
 
 T 2 
 
 William Suckling, Esq. 
 JohnRamsbottom,jun.Esq.M.P. 
 Robert Battiseorabe, Esq. 
 The Bishop of Oxford. 
 William Voules, Esq, 
 James Ramsbottom, Esq. 
 James Egelstone, Esq. 
 Mr. John Jennings. 
 Mr. James Atkins. 
 John O'Reilly, Esq. 
 
208 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 Charles Knight, Esq. 
 
 James Millns, Esq, 
 
 Mr. Daniel Smith. 
 
 John Sturges, jun. Esq. 
 
 G. A. Fenwicke, Esq. 
 
 Mr. Banister. 
 
 Mr. Hanson. 
 
 Charles Layton, Esq. 
 
 Sir John Chapman, Knt, 
 
 Charles Hayes, Esq. 
 
 John Seeker, Esq. 
 
 Mr. John Voules. 
 
 William Riley, Esq. 
 
 Mr. Thos. Adams, High-street. 
 
 "William Legh, Esq, 
 
 Edward Smith, Esq. 
 
 Mr. Richard Jennings. 
 
 Mr. Thos, Jennings. 
 
 Mr. Francis Burtt. 
 
 Mr. James Church. 
 
 The Hon. and Rev. Dr. Hobart. 
 
 The Rev. E. Northey. 
 
 Mr. James Godfrey. 
 
 Thomas Sharpe, Esq. 
 
 George Davis, Esq. 
 
 The Rev. Isaac Gosset. 
 
 Mr. E. Bovingdon, jun, 
 
 Mr. Robert Blunt. 
 
 Col. Kinsey. 
 
 Mr. Charles Snowden. 
 
 Mr, Wm. Jenuiogs. 
 
 * John Andrew Biggs. 
 
 * Rev. Jos. Lowthian. 
 
 * Henry Griffiths, Esq. 
 
 * Rev. Henry Plimley. 
 
 * John Hatch. 
 
 * Capt. King. 
 
 * Col. West. 
 
 * J. H. Baverstock, Esq. 
 
 Wm. James Voules, Clerk. 
 
 PROPRIETOR OF THE WATER WORKS. 
 
 Mr. W. H. Cutler, Eton. 
 
 AGENTS FOR FIRE AND LIFE INSURANCEOFFICES. 
 Atlas. — Mr. William Hanson, High-street. 
 Berks and Provincial. — Mr. William Ferryman, High-street, 
 British. — Mr.R. Dredge, Castle-street. 
 County.— Mr. D. Smith, Park-street. 
 Globe.— Mr. W. Cook, Church-street. 
 Guardian. — Mr. R. G.Barton, Park-street. 
 Phoenix. — Mr. Egelstone, Park-street. 
 Royal Exchange. — Mr. Long, Park-street. 
 Sun. — Mr. Voules, Peascod-street. 
 
 WINDSOR BANK» 
 
 Messrs. Ramsbottora and Legh, Thames-street. 
 
 London Agents. — Messrs. Williams and Co., Birchin-lane. 
 
 ETON BANK. 
 Mr, March, High-street, Eton. 
 
 PROVIDENT INSTITUTION, OR SAVINGS BANK. 
 
 Secretary. — Mr. W . Brett, Church-lane. 
 
 Office. — Free-School House, Church-lane, W^iudsor. 
 
 Attendance on Mondays from 12 to 2 o'clock. 
 
 ASCOT RACE FUND. 
 
 Treasurer. — John Seeker, Esq., Thames-street. 
 Clerk of the Course,— Mr. T. Jenner, Peascod-street. 
 
THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 209 
 
 POST-OFFICE, HIGH-STREET. 
 
 The delivery of letters commences at 8 o'clock every morning. The 
 letter-box is closed at 8 o'clock in the evening, and the bags are de- 
 spatched for town at half-past eight precisely. 
 
 Places in the Windsor delivery. 
 
 Bishopsgate. Oakley-green. 
 
 Clewer. Old Windsor. 
 
 Clewer-green. Southlea. 
 
 Datchet. Water Oakley. 
 
 Dedworth-green. Winkfield. 
 Eton. 
 
 List of the Places to which the Bucks Gazette is sent by Newsmen ^ inde- 
 pendent of post and coach conveyance. — Parcels may beforivarded 
 being left at the Offices at Windsor or Aylesbury* 
 
 Abbot's Langley 
 Amersham 
 Ascot 
 Ashridge 
 Ashford 
 Aston Clinton 
 Aylesbury 
 
 Beaconsfield 
 Berkhampstead 
 Bishopsgate 
 Bledlovv 
 Bray 
 Brill 
 
 Buckingham 
 Burnham 
 
 Chaddington 
 Chalfont St. Giles's 
 Chalfont St. Peter's 
 Chalvey 
 Chesham 
 Chertsey 
 
 Datchet 
 Denham 
 Dinton 
 Dorney 
 
 Eton Wick 
 Egham 
 
 Englefield-green 
 
 Farnham 
 Feltham 
 
 Gerrard's Cross 
 Guildford 
 
 Haddenham 
 Hampton 
 
 Hemel Hempstead 
 High Wycombe 
 Holy port 
 
 Ivinghoe 
 
 King's Langley 
 Kingston 
 
 Laleham 
 Leighton 
 
 Maidenhead 
 
 Missenden 
 
 Moulsey 
 
 Newport 
 
 Oakley-green 
 Old Windsor 
 Olney 
 
 Padbury 
 
 Prince's Risborough 
 
 Rickraansworth 
 Ripley 
 
 Saint Alban's 
 Salt-hill 
 Slough 
 Staines 
 
 Stoke Hammond 
 Stony Stratford 
 Sunbury 
 Sunninghill 
 
 Taplow 
 Thame 
 Thorpe 
 Tring 
 
 Uxbridge 
 Upton 
 
 Warfield 
 
 Walton 
 
 Watford 
 
 Weudover 
 
 West Wycombe 
 
 Wey bridge 
 
 Winchendon 
 
 Winkfield 
 
 Winslow 
 
 Woking 
 
 Wotton 
 
 COACHES AND WAGGONS. 
 
 Messrs. Moody, Lillewhite, and Thumwood's Windsor and Eton 
 Royal Telegraph Post Coaches, from the Original Coach-offiee, Castle - 
 
 t3 
 
210 
 
 THE WINDSOR GUIDE. 
 
 street. Union Coach-office, High-street ; and the Swan Inn, Thames- 
 street, Windsor ; and the Christopher Tnn, Eton. 
 
 Every morning, during summer, at six, Sundays excepted, to the 
 Swan with Two Necks, Lad-lane. Returns at four ; from the White 
 Horse Cellar, at five. 
 
 Every morning at half-past eight, Sundays excepted, to the Bolt in- 
 Tun, Fleet-street. Returns at half-past one 3 from the White Horse 
 Cellar, at half-past two. 
 
 Every morning, at nine, to the Cross Keys, Wood-street. Returns 
 at two : from the Gloucester Coffee-house, at three. 
 
 Every afternoon, at three, to the Belle Sauvage, Ludgate-hilL Re- 
 turns at seven next morning; from the White Horse Cellar, a quarter 
 before eight. 
 
 Dash's Etonian and Royal George coaches, from the Star and 
 Garter, Peascod-street, to London, every morning at half-past eight, 
 and every afternoon at half-past three. Return from Dyson's Black 
 Bear, Piccadilly, every morning at eight, and afternoon at three. 
 
 Atherton's coach from No. 48, High-street, to London, every morn- 
 ing a quarter before nine. Returns from the Black Bear, Piccadilly, 
 every afternoon at four. 
 
 Atherton's waggon from the Royal Waggon Office, Thames- street 
 every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, to the King's Arms, Snow- 
 hill, London 3 and returns every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday. 
 
 Burford's waggon from the New Inn, every afternoon, to the 
 Ang^el Inn , Fleet-market ; and returns the following mornings . 
 
 Painter's waggon, from the Union public-house. High-street, every 
 afternoon at four, to the New Inn, Old Bailey ; and returns from 
 Ihence at nine in the morning. 
 
 Maidenhead carrier every Tuesday and Saturday, from the Bull 
 Tun, Peascod-street. 
 
 Messrs. Mason's barges to and from Bull Wharf, Queenhithe, 
 London every week. 
 
 Messrs. Jennings's barges once a week. 
 
 Nov. 20, 1824. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Abstract of the Windsor Paving Acts (Appendix A.) 153. 
 
 ' of Charitable Endowments (Appendix C.) 157. 
 Acre, the Bachelors', 17. 
 Aldworth Chapel, 101. 
 Almshouses, (Appendix C.) 159. 
 Altar, the High, in St. George's Chapel, 82. 
 
 piece in St George's Chapel, by West, 83. 
 
 at the College Chapel, Eton, 146. 
 
 Alterations and Improvements at the Castle, by successive Mo- 
 narchs, 28. 
 
 ■ — now in progress, 35. 
 Anne, Queen, her Statue, 7. 
 Ante Chapel, Eton, 147. 
 Apartments of the Round Tower, 69. 
 Apprentices' Charity Endowment (Appendix C.) 161. 
 Architect, the King's, 42. 
 Ascot Heath, 143. 
 
 Ashmole's History of the Garter, notice of, 29. 
 Aylward, Dr. Theodore, 110. 
 
 Barracks, the, 18. 
 Beaufort Chapel, the, 105. 
 
 , Henry Somerset, Duke of, 106. 
 
 Belvidere, the, 142. 
 Bible Society, 26. 
 
 Brandon, Charles, Duke of Suffolk, 100. 
 Bray Chapel, the, 102. 
 
 , Sir Reginald, 103. 
 
 Bread Charity, the, (Appendix C.) 162. 
 Brideoack, Dr. Ralph, 105. 
 Bridge, the, 13, 15. 
 
 Castle, the, its situation and extent, 1. 
 . , enlarged by Henry I., 28. 
 
 ~ , the residence of Edward I., 2. 
 
 ' , altered and enlarged by Edward III., 29. 
 
 Ceremonial observed at the Rejoicings in consequence of the Arrival 
 
 of King George IV., on the 1st of October, 1823 (App. D.) 168. 
 Chancellor of the Exchequer, extracts from his speeches respecting 
 
 the Castle, 36, 40. 
 Chapel of the Castle rebuilt by Edward IV., 32. 
 Chapter House, the, 112. 
 Charities, general account of, 19. 
 Charles I., his treatment at Windsor, 32, 
 
212 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Charles I., Vault in St. George's Chapel, 99. 
 
 — , account of his Burial, 176. 
 
 ■ II. renews the Charter of the Borough, 3. 
 
 alters the appearance of the Castle, 33. 
 
 Charter of Edward I. confirmed, 3. 
 Choir of St. George's Chapel, 78. 
 Clock Tower, Quadrangle Eton, 148. 
 Cloister, the Great, 117. 
 Cloister, the Inner, 75. 
 Cloister, the ** Horseshoe," 74. 
 College of St. George, account of, 119. 
 College Chapel, Eton, 146. 
 Commons' Hall, Eton, 148. 
 
 Commissioners for Superintending Repairs at the Castle, (App. I.) 204. 
 Constable, or Governor of the Castle, his functions, 65. 
 Corporation of New Windsor, 3. (Appendix I.) 205. 
 Cumberland Lodge, 141. 
 
 David, King of Scotland, 3. 
 Dean of the College, the first, 120. 
 Deanery, the, 74. 
 
 Degradation of a Knight of the Garter, the form of, (App. G.) 200. 
 Disinterment of the Princes Octavius and Alfred, (Appendix F.) 187. 
 Dispensary, 20. 
 Dormitory, the Royal, 115. 
 
 Early History of the Castle, 27. 
 
 Education, various Endowments for, (Appendix C.) 164. 
 Edward I., his Grant of Privileges, 2. 
 
 • III. born at Windsor, 2. 
 
 ' , his Picture and Sword, 113. 
 
 . IV., his Tomb, 92, 94. 
 
 . , his Funeral Solemnities (Appendix E.) 173. 
 
 Elections for the Borough of New Windsor, 4, 5. 
 
 — to King's College, Cambridge, 150. 
 
 Elizabeth Wydville, Queen of Edward IV., 115. 
 Eminent Persons buried at Eton, 148. 
 Endowment of St. George's College, 119. 
 Endowed Charities, Table of, (Appendix C.) 157. 
 Engine for Raising Water at the Round Tower, 69. 
 Entrance Tower, first stone of the new, 42. 
 Eton, general Notice of, 144. 
 
 . College, 145. 
 
 Chapel of Ease, 144. 
 
 Exeter, Anne Duchess of, 109. 
 
 Farms in the Great Park, 141. 
 
 Fetes given by Queen Charlotte, at Frogmore, 139. 
 
 Fitzwilliams, William, 104. 
 
 Forest, the, 68, 143. 
 
 Foreign Princes, Knights of the Garter, 131. 
 Free School Endowments, (Appendix C.) 157. 
 Frogmore, Account of, 137. 
 
INJ^EX. 
 
 213 
 
 Frogmore, the Gardens and Ornamental Buildings, 138. 
 Funeral Ceremonies of English Monarchs Interred at Windsor f Ap- 
 pendix E. 173, F. 177.) ^ 
 
 Gaol, the New, 15. 
 
 Garter, Order of, its Institution, 126. 
 
 , first Knights of the, 129. 
 
 , account of the Installation, 23d April, 1805, (App. G.) 189^, 
 
 Gascoin, Miss Marj, 117. 
 Gate of the Hundred Steps, 75, 
 George Prince of Denmark, 8. 
 
 George, the Feast of St., temp. Hen. VIII. (Appendix G.) 189. 
 George III,, Funeral Ceremonies of, (Appendix F.) 177. 
 
 IV., his Portrait, 7. 
 
 Gloucester, Wm. Henry Duke of, 94. 
 
 Governor of the Castle, the first, 68. 
 
 Grand Staircase of the Castle, 44. 
 
 Great Cloisters, 117. 
 
 Great Park, 140. 
 
 Guard Chamber, the King's, 60. 
 
 ' Queen's, 64. 
 
 ' of the Round Tower, 69. 
 
 Guildhall, the, 6. 
 
 Habit of the Knights of the Garter, 130. 
 Hall of St. George, 61. 
 
 the Garter, 74. 
 
 Hastings Chapel, 111. 
 
 Heard, Sir Isaac, 118. ' 
 Henry I., his additions to the Castle, 1, 28. 
 
 III. erects a Barbican, 29. 
 
 VI., his Vault, 98. 
 
 . , his Statues, 146. 
 
 VIII., his Tomb, 92, (Appendix E.) 175. 
 
 Heme's Oak, 135. 
 
 His Majesty's Household, (Appendix I.) 204. 
 Honywood, Dr. Robert, 109. 
 Horseshoe Cloisters, 74. 
 
 James II., his Charter to W^indsor, 4. 
 
 John, King of England, 28. 
 
 of France, imprisoned at Windsor, 3. 
 
 Inner Cloisters, 75. 
 
 Installation, notice of the last, 132. 
 
 Inscription on the Foundation Stone of the new Entrance Tower, 42. 
 Institution for Assisting the Labouring Classes, 23. 
 
 King, Dr. Oliver, 101. 
 
 Knights of the Garter, the first, 129. 
 
 . . , the present, (Appendix I.) 203. 
 
 Knights of the Garter, their Stalls, 79. 
 , Poor, 123, 125. 
 
214 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Ladies' Charity School, 22. 
 
 Le Maire, Sir Peter's, Foandation, 74, 124. 
 
 Library of St. George's College, 75. 
 
 of Eton College, 149. 
 
 Lincoln Chapel, 95. 
 
 List of Interments in the Royal Dormitory, 116. 
 Little Park, 134. 
 Long Walk, 140. 
 Lying-in Charity, 22. 
 
 Manor of Eton, the, 152. 
 Markets, 8. 
 
 Market Cross, its site, 8. 
 
 Master of the Horse's Department, (Appendix I.) 204. 
 
 Meeting Houses, 13. 
 
 Money Charity, the, (Appendix C.) 165 
 
 Montem, the, 151. 
 
 Monuments in St. George's Chapel, 91, 111. 
 Eton College Chapel, 148. 
 
 National School, 4. 
 Naval Knights, 125. 
 
 New Windsor, Charters of the Borough, 2. 
 
 — — — Represented in Parliament, 4. 
 
 ■ , its extent and Population, 19. 
 
 New Entrance Tower of the Castle, 42. 
 
 Observations respecting theprojectedlmprovements attheCastle,40» 
 Officers of the Order of the Garter, 131, (Appendix I.) 203. 
 Officers of the Royal College of St. George, 122. 
 Old Windsor, its Saxon Palace, 28. 
 Oxenbridge Chapel, 100. 
 
 Packe, Major, 110. 
 Parish Church, 9, 13. 
 
 , extent of the, 19. 
 
 Parks, the, 134. 
 
 Paving Acts, Abstract of, (Appendix A.) 153. 
 Pictures, 45 to 66, 70, 71, 149, 150. 
 Play Ground, Eton College, 150. 
 Poor Knights, the, 74, 123. 
 Population Return, 19. 
 
 Porney's Free School, 144, (Appendix H.) 201. 
 Provost of Eton, the, 152. 
 
 Queen's Lodge, site of, 34. 
 
 * ' Closet, in St, George's Chapel, 111. 
 
 Ranpue, Theodore, Esq., 95. 
 
 Ranger of the Home Park, (Appendix I.) 204. 
 
 Reading Desk (bronze one) at Eton, 147. 
 
 Refectory, Eton College, 148. 
 
 Roads, state of, 2. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 215 
 
 Round Tower, the, 67. 
 Royal Lodge, the, 140. 
 
 — Stand, Ascot Heath, 143. 
 
 — Hant, List of, (Appendix I.) 204. 
 
 Dormitory, St. George's Chapel, 113, 117. 
 
 Rustat, Tobias, 43. 
 Rutland Chapel, 109. 
 
 Saint George's Chapel, 76. 
 
 r— 7 ~ the Establishment of it, (Appendix I.) 203. 
 
 Salisbury, Bishop of, 96. ' v / 
 
 Sandpit Gate, 141. 
 
 Savings Bank, 22. 
 
 Scotland, David King of, 3, 74. 
 
 ^ ^ his Armour, 70, 
 
 , Mary Queen of, 57. 
 
 " Slopes," the, 134. 
 Snowhill, 140. 
 
 Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 25. 
 Sovereigns, List of. Companions of the Garter, 131. 
 Spinning Charity, the, (Appendix C.) 165. 
 Stalls in St. George's Chapel, 79. 
 Statues of Henry VI., 146. 
 State Apartments, 45 to 65. 
 Streets, the principal, 6. 
 Surrey, Henry Earl of, 72. 
 Sword of Edward III., 113. 
 
 Table of Tolls taken at Windsor Bridge, (Appendix B.) 156. 
 
 Tapestry at the Round Tower, 70. 
 
 Theatre Royal, 15. 
 
 Thomson, Dr. Giles, 103. 
 
 Tournaments, the, 2. 
 
 Triumph of the Black Prince, 62. 
 
 Urswick Chapel, the, 102, 108. 
 Upper Ward, the, 43. 
 
 Virginia Water, the, 142. 
 
 Vicarage of New Windsor, (Appendix C.) 166. 
 
 Wade, Dr. W.,94. 
 
 Waterland, Dr., 105. 
 
 Water Engine in the Upper Ward, 43. 
 
 Windsor, probable derivation of name, 1. 
 
 Bridge Tolls, Table of, (Appendix B.) 156. 
 
 Castle, accounts of, 1, 27, 43 to 133. 
 
 . and Eton Calendar, (Appendix I.) 203. 
 Windows, the Painted, in St. George's Chapel, 84, 90. 
 Wolsey's Tomb House, 113. 
 Worcester, the Earl of, 104. 
 Wortley, Sir Richard, 104. 
 Workhouse, Bequests to, (Appendix C.) 167. 
 
4'