Experimental Dye-House. First Main Section: Dyeing on a Laboratory Scale. Second Main Section: Dyeing on a Large (Practical) Scale. Third Main Section: Piece-Dyeing. Fourth Main Section: Dyeing in Mechanical Apparatus. THE COTTON COLOURS OF THE CASSELLA COLOR COMPANY NEW YORK 182 and 184, FRONT STREET SECOND EDITION. PUBLISHED BY THE CASSELLA COLOR COMPANY, NEW YORK. 1913. No 3476. PREFACE. As a supplement to the book we issued in 1902 on “Cotton Dyeing”, we brought out a few years back our “Manual of Dyeing”, Volume I, a second edition of which has since appeared. As this manual treats particularly of the practical part of cotton dyeing, we hare deemed it adequate in the present volume to present a com- prehensive compilation of oil our cotton colours similar to that in our former book on “Cotton Dyeing The tables in this book have been prepared with the greatest care, and form a clear summary of the most important properties of the respective colouring matters, the statements being based on observ- ations carried out with every exactitude. The tables are preceded by short general directions for dyeing. Full particulars for the special branches of dyeing, viz., for loose cotton, hanks and piece-goods, linen and other vegetable fibres, as well as for machine-dyeing, are contained in our “Manual of Dyeing”, Yol. I, 2 nd edition, afore referred to; for the dyeing of the Hydron Colours full details will be found in the pages of the present volume. The application of the dyestuffs for printing is described in Volume IV of our “Manual of Dyeing”, and of the Hydron Colours in particular in our book on “Hydron Blue” and the supple- ments thereto. We trust that the present volume will be accorded an equally favourable reception as its predecessors, and that it will prove equally useful in practice. New York , June 1913. CASSELLA COLOR COMPANY. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 with funding from Getty Research Institute https://archive.org/details/cottoncoloursofcOOcass CONTENTS General Directions for Dyeing Cotton Colours • • • I Directions for Dyeing Diamine Colours I I. Diamine Colours Dyed Direct I II. Diamine Colours Aftertreated with Metallic Salts IV III. Diamine Colours Aftertreated with Formaldehyde V IV. Diamine Colours Diazotised and Developed ... VI V. Diamine Colours Coupled IX Dyeing of Diamine Colours in a Cold or Lukewarm Bath XI Directions for Dyeing Basic Colours XII Paranitr aniline Red, Isamine Blue, Acid Colours XV Directions for Dyeing Immedial Colours XV Aftertreatment with Metallic Salts XVI Aftertreatment with Immedial Developer XVIII Developing Immedial Blue and Immedial New Blue by Steaming, Smothering or Topping in the Vat XVIII Aftertreatment with Acetate or Formate of Soda . . XIX Directions for Dyeing Hydron Colours XX Hydron Blue G and R XXI Methods of Dyeing Hydron Blue XXI Dyeing of Cotton Yam in an open Vessel XXII Dyeing of Mercerised Cotton Yarn XXIII Dyeing of Linen Yarn XXIII Dyeing of Loose Cotton in open Vessels or Kettles . . XXIV Machine-Dyeing XXIV Dyeing of Warps in the Continuous Dyeing Machine . XXVIII Dyeing of Piece-Goods XXX 1. Dyeing in the Jigger XXX 2. Dyeing in the Continuous Dyeing Machine .... XXXII 3a. Padding in the Padding Machine XXXIII 3b. Dyeing in the Padding Machine with a large Trough XXXV On account of the liability of Nitrazol C, pat., to spontaneous combustion, we do not carry this article in stock. Wherever the use of same is mentioned in this hand-book, we recommend, in- stead, the use of diazotised Paranitraniline, for the coupling of our colors. The final result is exactly the same. CASSELLA COLOR COMPANY. Dyeing of Mercerised Fabrics XXXVII Dyeing of Linen and Half -Linen Fabrics XXXVIII Treatment of Hydron Blue after the Dyeing .... XXXVIII Treatment with Perborate XXXVIII Treatment with Metallic Salts XXXIX Combinations of Hydron Blue and Indigo XXXIX Hydron Blue on an Iron Mordant XXXIX Saddening of Hydron Bluq Shades XL Hydron Violet B and B. XLI Hydron Dark Blue G XLI Production of a Black Fast to Ckloring with Hydron Blue or Hydron Dark Blue G XLI Hydron Yellow G XLII Combinations of Hydron Yellow and Hydron Blue for Green Shades XLIV Hydron Olive G and B XLV Combinations of Hydron Olive and Hydron Yellow etc. XLVII Bleaching of Piece-Goods containing Effects dyed with Hydron Colours XLVII I Determination of the Fastness of the Dyestuffs IL The Cotton Colours with accompanying Dyeings and Information regarding their Properties • • l A. DIAMINE COLOURS. I. DIAMINE COLOURS DYED DIRECT Thiofiavine S Diamine Yellow N Powder .... Diamine Fast Yellow B, FF, FR, M . Diamine Gold Diamine Yellow CP, CPO, CPI, CPII Diamine Orange G, D, B . . . . Diamine Fast Orange EG, ER . . Diamine Brown GG, 3G, 5G, ATC „ R, M, B, S . . „ No. 30a — 45 . . Diamine Bronze G, ST .... Cotton Brown N Cotton Dark Brown BM . . . Diamine Catechine 3G, G, B, BZ Diamineral Brown G Diamine Rose B extra, BD, BG . „ GD, GGN . . . Oxy Diamine Yellow GG, TZ, CR . Diamine Fast Yellow 3G . . . . Diamine Fast Yellow A, AGG, AR , Oxy Diamine Orange G, R . . Diamine Fast Brown G, R, GB . . Diamine Brown GWA, BWA, K4G . „ MR. MRD, V, SD Diamine Bronze Brown PE . . . Cotton Brown A Cotton Dark Brown BB . . . . Oxy Diamine Brown G, 3GN, RN . Diamine Nitrazol Brown RD, BD, T Diamine Rose FFB, FFB extra . Direct Rose T 2, 3 2, 3 4, 5 4, 5 6, 7 6, 7 8, 9 8, 9 10 , 11 12, 13 18, 19 10 , 11 12, 13 16, 17 14, 15 16, 17 20, 21 20, 21 Diamine Red 4B. 5B, 6B, 10B .... Diamine Red D, DN, 101 J . . . 22, 23 Cotton Red A Diamine Violet Red 22, 23 Diamine Brilliant Scarlet S Diamine Scarlet B, 3B. HS . . . 24, 25 Diamine Purpurine V, B, 3B, 6B . . Diamine Fast Red F, 8BL .... 24, 25 Diamine Fast Scarlet GG, GFF . . . Diamine Fast Scarlet GS, 4BN . . 26, 27 „ 4BFF, 4BFS . . „ 5BFF, 6BGN 26, 27 „ 7BFF, 8BN . . „ SBF, 10BF . 26, 27 Diamine Fast Bordeaux 6BS 26, 27 Diamine Bordeaux B, S, YKO . . . Diamine Brilliant Bordeaux R . . 2S, 29 Diamine Brilliant Rubine S . Diamine Rubine 011660J .... 28, 29 Diamine Violet N, RB, BB Diamine Fast Violet BBN, FFBN . 30, 31 Diamine Fast Violet FFRX .... Diamine Brilliant Violet B. RR . 30, 31 Oxy Diamine Violet B. BF, G, R . . . Diamine Heliotrope B, 0, G . . . 32, 33 Diamine Sky Blue, FF, FFN, FFS . . Diamine Pure Blue A 34, 35 Diamine Blue RW, 3B, 2B Diamine Blue BX, BG, 6G . . . 34, 35 „ 3R. AZ, NC Diamine Brilliant Blue G .... 36, 37 Oxv Diamine Blue 5G, 3G. G, B, R, 3R Oxy Diamine Blue PB. PG, PR . . 36. 37 Diamineral Blue B. BF, 3B . . . . Diamineral Blue R. 3RC, RV . . 38, 39 „ CY, CYB .... Diamine Dark Blue B 38, 39 Diamine Bengal Blue G, R .... Diamine New Blue G, R . . . . 40. 41 Diamine Deep Blue B. R Diamine Steel Blue L 40. 41 Diamine Fast Blue FFB. FFG . . . Diamine Fast Blue BN, G . . . . 42, 43 „ C, CG Diamine Fast Brilliant Blue R . . 42. 43 Diamine Green B, G, CL Diamine Green NA, FG .... 44. 45 Diamine Dark Green N 44. 45 Diamine Black BH, BHF, BHN . . . Diamine Black BIIR, BHS cone. . 46, 47 „ BO, RO, ROO .... „ RMW, No. 31 . . 46, 47 ,, HW „ DN,. DB .... 46, 47 Diamine Blue Black E, R Diaminogene extra, B, BR, BW, CCL 48, 49 Diamine Fast Black F, X Diamine Fast Black XN extra cone. 48, 49 » C high cone. . . „ CB high cone. 48, 49 Diamine; Jet Black Cr, 00. 0000 . . Diamine Jet Black SS, M, RB . . 50. 51 » GG extra cone. . „ BB extra cone. 50, 51 Diamine Aldehyde Black B, BB cone. . Diamine Aldehyde Black FG.FB cone. 50, 51 Diamine Grey G Diamine Fast Grey BN, RN . . . 52. 53 Oxy Diamine Black A, AFF. AM 52, 53 „ SA. D, FFC . . Oxy Diamine Black FFN, AT. RR 54, 55 » N, SOOO ... „ UI, US . . . 54. 55 „ JEI, JB, JW, JE „ JWF,JWB,JWN 56, 57 » JW superior . . „ JWF, FFE sup. 56. 57 Oxy Diamine Carbon JE, JB . . . . Oxy Diamine Carbon JEI, FFG . 56, 57 Para Diamine Black B, BB, FFB . . Para Diamine Black FF, BF, BBD 58, 59 FFD „ FFBR . . . 58. 59 II. DIAMINE 'COLOURS AFTERTREATED WITH METALLIC SALTS 61 Diamine Fast Yellow 3G Diamine Yellow N Powder ... 62. 63 Diamine Orange B Diamine Brown 3G 62, 63 Diamine Bronze G Diamine Green G 62, 63 Diamine Brown M, B, R, MR . . . Diamine Catechine B. G, 3G . . . 64, 65 Diamineral Brown G Oxy Diamine Brown 3GN, RN . . 64, 65 Diamine Fast Red F Diamine Fast Scarlet GFF, GG . . 66, 67 Diamine Fast Scarlet 4BFF, 4BFS . . „ 5BFF, 7BFF . 66, 67 Diamine Brilliant Rubine S . . . . Diamine Fast Violet FFBN, BBN . 66, 67 Diamine Sky Blue FF, FFN, FFS . . Diamine Blue RW, 3R 66. 67 Diamine Brilliant Blue G Oxy Diamine Blue G, 3G,5G,R,B,PG 68, 69 Diamineral Blue B. BF, 3B .... Diamineral Blue R, RV, 3RC . . 70, 71 „ CV, CVB Diamine Bengal Blue G .... 70, 71 Diamineral Black B, 3B, 6B . . . . Diamine Jet Black SS, RB, Cr, M . 72, 73 Diamine Jet Black 00, 00 00 72, 73 Primuline 72, 73 III. DIAMINE COLOURS AFTERTREATED WITH FORMALDEHYDE 75 Diamine Aldehyde Orange G . . . Diamine Fast Brown G, R . Diamine Aldehyde Blue B . Diamine Aldehyde Black B, BB cone Diamine Fast Black X, XN extra cone „ C high cone. . Oxy Diamine Black US, UI . . . Para Diamine Black B, BB, BF, FFB Diamine Fast Orange EG, ER . . 76, 77 Diamine Aldehyde Brown R, VS . 76, 77 76, 77 Diamine Aldehyde Black FG, FB cone. 78, 79 Diamine Fast Black GV extra cone. 78, 79 „ CB high cone. 78, 79 Oxy Diamine Black JE, JEI, JB . 80, 81 Oxy Diamine Carbon JEI, JB . . 80, 81 IV. DIAMINE COLOURS DIAZOTISED AND DEVELOPED 83 Primuline Diamine Azo Orange RR .... 84, 85 Diamine Azo Scarlet A, B 84, 85 „ 4B, 8B . . . . Diamine Azo Scarlet R. KRO . . 86, 87 „ 2BL extra ... „ 4BL, 6BL extra 86, 87 ,, 8B extra . . . Diamine Azo Bordeaux B . . . . 86, 87 Diamine Brown M, V, S Cotton Brown N, A 88, 89 Diamine Cutch 88, 89 Diaminogene Sky Blue N, 3B . . . . Diaminogene Blue BB, G . . . . 90, 91 Diaminogene Blue NB, NA .... ,, 2RN . . . . 90, 91 ,, 3RN, 6RN .... Diaminogene Dark Blue .... 90, 91 Diamine Azo Blue R, RR, 6B . . . . Diamine Azo Blue No. 51, No. 54 . 92, 93 Diamine Heliotrope G, B, O . . . . Oxy Diamine Violet BF .... 92, 93 Diamine Blue 2B Diamine Blue 3B 92, 93 Diaminogene B, extra Diaminogene BR, BW, CCL ... 94, 95 Diamine Neron BB Diamine Neron BBG 96, 97 Oxy Diaminogene OB, OT, OT extra . Oxy Diaminogene OBB, OV ... 98. 99 „ FFN „ ED, EM . . 100, 101 Diamine Black BH, BHF, BHN . . . Diamine Black BHR, BHS cone. 102, 103 „ RO, ROO, BO .... Diamine Azo Black B, R . . . 102, 103 ,, DB, DN Diamine Blue Black E . . . . 104, 105 Diamine Beta Black B, BB Diamine Beta Black BGH . . 104, 105 V. DIAMINE COLOURS COUPLED 107 Primuline Diamine Fast Yellow A, AR . 108, 109 Diamine Nitrazol Orange R . . . . Diamine Nitrazol Scarlet A . . 108, 109 Diamine Nitrazol Bordeaux GB . . . Diamine Nitrazol Violet R . . 108, 109 Oxv Diamine Orange G, R .... Cotton Brown N, A 110, 111 Oxy Diamine Brown G, RN, 3GN 110, 111 Diamine Nitrazol Brown GF, G, RD . Diamine Nitrazol Brown B, BD, T 112, 113 Diamine Brown MR, MRD, S, SD . . Oxy Diamine Black SA, RR . . 112, 113 Diamine Nitrazol Blue BR .... Diamineral Blue CV, CVB, 3RC 114, 115 Diamine Bengal Blue G Diamine Blue NC 114, 115 Diamine Bronze G Diamine Grey G 114, 115 Diamine Nitrazol Green GF, G . . . Diamine Nitrazol Green BB, S 116, 117 Diamine Nitrazol Black B. BB . . . Diamine Nitrazol Black KG, KR 116, 117 Oxy Diamine Black JEI etc Oxy Diamine Black A etc. . . 116, 117 Oxy Diamine Carbon JEI Oxy Diamine Carbon JB . . . 116, 117 B. BASIC COLOURS. no Thioflavine T, TCN Diamond Phosphine GG, R, D, PG 120, 121 Paraphosphine G, GG, R Paraphosphine AGE, L, P . . 120, 121 New Phosphine G Tannin Orange R Powder (Paste) 120, 121 „ GG 120, 121 Chrysoidine, all brands Bismarck Brown, all brands . . 122, 123 Irisamine G, G extra Rosazei'ne 6G 122, 123 Safranine, all brands Tannin Heliotrope 122, 123 Diamond Magenta Magenta, all brands, Cerise etc. 124, 125 Methyl Violet, all brands Fast Neutral Violet B Powder (Paste) 124, 125 Crystal Violet 10B, 5B bluish . . . New Methylene Blue R, 3R . . 124, 125 New Methylene Blu$ N, NX. GB . . „ NSS, NSSF . . 126, 127 „ GG Methylene Blue BB, DBB . . . 126, 127 Victoria Blue B, R Metaphenylene Blue, all brands 126, 127 Indazine M, L Naphtindone BB, BR, T . . . 128, 129 Methyl Indone B, R New Blue, all brands 128, 129 Acetinduline R, 2332J, 3146J .... Printing Blue H Powder, Paste . 128, 129 Brilliant Green, all brands Solid Green, all brands .... 130, 131 Malachite Green cone Jute Black, all brands .... 130, 131 Black for Artificial Silk, all brands 130, 131 C. PARANITRANILINE RED, ISAMINE BLUE, ACID COLOURS. 133 Paranitraniline Red 134 Isamine Blue 8B. 6B Isamine Blue B, R 135 Orange EN Brilliant Crocei'ne, all brands . . . 136 Scarlet FR, FRR, F3R Croceine AZ 136 Eosine 3G, GGF, BN Eosine Scarlet B 137 Erythrosine yellow shade, extra N . . Erythrosine B, D 137 Phloxine (749), S Rose Bengale extra N 137 Rosazei'ne B 137 Water Blue B, RB, R Pure Soluble Blue 139 Methyl Blue for Cotton Blue JBP, JB, BS, RS, RRS .... 139 Alkaline Blue 3R — 6B Induline B. 2B, 3B 139 Solid Blue BD, BBD, R, 3R . . . . Aniline Grey B, R 139 Silver Grey N Nigrosine Soluble in Water .... 140 Alizarine Cyanole EF Alizarine Cyanole Violet R . . . . 140 Alizarine Brilliant Green G 140 D. IMMEDIAL COLOURS. Immedial Yellow GG „ GG double for Printing Immedial Orange C „ C double for Printing Immedial Green Yellow G Immedial Yellow Olive G, GB. 5G . . „ 5G double for Printing Immedial Cutcli 0. G, R, BG, BGG . . „ OG, OR Immedial Yellow Brown EN .... Immedial Brown G, B, BR, RR, W cone. Immedial Brown BR double for Printing Immedial Red Brown 3R Immedial Maroon B cone Immedial Bordeaux G, GF cone. . . . Immedial Prune S Immedial Purple C Immedial Indone Violet B cone. . . . Immedial Sky Blue Powder cone. . . Immedial Indogene GCL cone. . . . „ RCL cone. . . . „ B cone Immedial Indone 3B, BBF, BF cone. . „ JBF, JBN cone. . . „ B double for Printing ,, RR, RG, RB cone. . Immedial Direct Blue BB, 4B extra cone. ,, B, B extra cone. „ JB, JB extra cone. „ OD „ FCL extra cone. . Immedial Blue C. C extra cone. . . . „ CR. CR extra cone. . . „ U 300 Immedial Yellow D 142, 143 ,, D double for Printing 142, 143 Immedial Khaki G, D 142, 143 Immedial Bronze A 142, 143 144, 145 Immedial Olive B, GG, 3G . . . 144, 145 „ 3G double for Printing 144, 145 Immedial Cutch 0 double for Printing 146, 147 146, 147 Immedial Dark Brown A . . . . 148, 149 Immedial Dark Brown A double for Printing 148, 149 Immedial Dark Brown D, DN cone. 150, 151 Immedial Maroon B double for Printing 150, 151 Immedial Bordeaux GF double for Printing 150, 151 Immedial Prune S double for Printing 150, 151 Immedial Violet C, CB, CR, TC . 152, 153 Immedial Indone Violet B double for Printing 152, 153 Immedial Sky Blue Paste .... 152, 153 do. for cops 152, 153 Immedial Indogene BCL cone. . . 154,155 „ RRCL cone. . . 154,155 Immedial New Blue G cone. . . . 154, 155 Immedial Indone B,BN,4B,KB cone. 156, 157 „ R, R cone. . . . 156, 157 „ R double for Printing 156, 157 Immedial Direct Blue JND extra cone. 158, 159 „ 4B high cone. 158, 159 „ B high cone. 160, 161 „ R, RC extra cone. . 160, 161 Immedial Dark Blue CRV .... 160, 161 „ J, JR . . . . 160, 161 Immedial Blue CB. CB extra cone. . 162,163 „ CBL extra cone. . . 162, 163 Immedial Green Blue CV .... 162, 163 Imraedial Dark Green B . . . . Immedial Brilliant Green G extra . Immedial Green GG, BB extra . . Immedial Deep Green G Immedial Black V, FF, G extra, NB „ NNG, NN, NB cone. „ NLN, NNR, NNZ cone „ NBB, BF, BFG cone „ BZ, HS, SN cone. . Immedial Blue Black KB .... Immedial Brilliant Black 5BY cone. „ 8BG cone. Immedial Brilliant Carbon F . . Immedial Carbon B „ BL, BL special Indo Carbon S 162, 163 Immedial Green GGX, BBX, BBXN cone. 164, 165 „ GG, BB double for Printing 164, 165 Immedial Deep Green G double for Printing 164, 165 Immedial Black NF, NG, NR, NRT 166,167 „ JBR cone., NACC and N ACC extra cone. 166,167 „ NBN, NLA, NLJ cone. 168, 169 „ NGL cone., BFU 135 168, 169 „ NN special, AZ . . . 168, 169 Immedial Brilliant Black B . . . 168,169 „ 6BG cone. . 170, 171 „ BB, 0 cone. 170, 171 Immedial Brilliant Carbon FG, FB . 170,171 170, 171 „ BBS, RBSI, KMB 172, 173 Indo Carbon SF 172, 173 E. HYDRON COLOURS. i?5 Hydron Blue G Paste 20%, 30%, 40%, G Powder 176, 177 Hydron Blue R Paste 20%, 30%, 40%, R Powder 176, 177 Hydron Dark Blue G Paste 20%, 40%, G Powder 176, 177 Hydron Violet B Paste 20%, 40%, B Powder 176, 177 Hydron Violet R Paste 20%, 40%, R Powder 176, 177 Hydron Yellow G Paste 20% . . 178, 179 Hydron Olive G Powder, G Paste 40% 178, 179 Hydron Olive B Powder, B Paste 40% 178, 179 Hydron Blue R Paste for Printing 30% .... 178, 179 Hydron Black B Paste for Printing 30% 178, 179 I GENERAL DIRECTIONS FOR DYEING COTTON COLOURS. A. DIAMINE COLOURS. In cotton dyeing, the Diamine Colours are applied as follows: I. Dyed direct. II. Aftertreated with Metallic Salts. III. Aftertreated with Formaldehyde. IV. Diazotised and Developed. Y. Coupled with Nitrazol C or Paranitraniline C. I. DIAMINE COLOURS DYED DIRECT. The dyebath is charged with the dyestuff and the following ingredients calculated on the weight of the cotton: For light shades: 0.5 — 1% soda ash and 0.5 — 1% soap, Turkey-red oil or monosolvol; for slightly fuller shades, 3 — 5% sodium phosphate or 1 — 2% desiccated Glauber’s salt may further be added in order to effect a better exhaustion. When working with very hard water, soap or oil are best omitted. Dye for about 34 hour at 50—80° C. (120—175° F.) in a very dilute liquor. For medium and deep shades: Vi — 2% soda ash and 10 — 20% desiccated Glauber’s salt or common salt. Dye for about % to 1 hour boiling hot in a short liquor, to best advantage with indirect steam. II When dyeing in mechanical apparatus, in the jigger, padding machine or continuous dyeing machine, it is advisable to calculate the weights of the ingredients per 10 gallon of dye liquor used, the quanti- ties being as follows: Y \ — 3 oz soda ash 3 oz — 2 lbs desiccated Glauber’s salt per 10 gallons liquor. The following dyestuffs are addition of salt only: Diamine Fast Yellow A, AR Diamine Catechine 3G Diamine Bronze G Oxy Diamine Blue, all brands Diamine Scarlet B, 3B dyed without soda and with the Diamine Green B, G Oxy Diamine Brown G Diamine Fast Grey RN Diaminogene Blue, all brands. Also when dyeing in vessels or apparatus of copper it is advisable to use either very little soda or none at all. Diamine Yellow N and Diamine Fast Yellow 3G are dyed with the addition of 2% soap and 5 — 10% sodium phosphate in as soft water as possible Exhausting the Baths. When dyeing medium and deep shades the baths are not completely exhausted. A good deal depends here on the length of the dye liquor; the longer the liquor, the larger the amount of dyestuff remaining in the bath. For instance, in a dye liquor of 17 to 20 times the weight of the goods dyed, about one- quarter to one-third of the dyestuff remains in the hath; for subsequent lots, a comparatively smaller quantity is therefore added. Only about one-quarter to one-fifth of the quantities of soda, Glauber’s salt etc. used for the first hath are required in the subsequent dyeing. The addition of salt accelerates the exhaustion of the dyebaths; when working continuously in the same hath the salt may however by accumulation have a detrimental effect, and it is therefore advisable from time to time to test the hath by means of a hydrometer. In the case of medium shades the bath should not show more than 1% — 2° Tw., and of deep shades not more than 4 — 6° Tw.; when this density is reached no more salt should be added for some lots. Ill Salt. Common salt and desiccated Glauber’s salt have aprox- imately the same effect, but about double the weight of Glauber’s salt crystals is required to produce the same result. For delicate shades and for dyeing in apparatus, Glauber’s salt crystals is to be given the preference owing to its greater purity. For the production of self shades or of deep compound shades, any of the Diamine Colours are very well suited. For light compound shades, the following, which are the best levelling of the Diamine Colours, are given the preference. Dyestuffs for light compound shades: Diamine Fast Yellow A, AGG, AE, B, FF Diamine Fast Orange EG, EE Diamine Orange G Oxv Diamine Orange G Diamine Eose BD, GD, FFB Diamine Brilliant Scarlet S Diamine Fast Scarlet GFF, 4BFF Diamine Brilliant Bubine S Diamine Fast Brown G, E, GB Diamine Brown E, MB Diamine Catechine B Diamine Bronze Brown PE Oxy Diamine Brown 3GN Diamine Fast Blue FFB, FFG, G Diamine Sky Blue, all brands Diamine Pure Blue A Diamine Fast Grey BN Diamine Dark Blue B Diamine Black BH Diaminogene B, extra Oxy Diamine Violet BF Diamine Heliotrope B, G, 0. Most of these dyestuffs are very well suited also for subsequent shading, but the following are more particularly to be recommended for such purpose and may be kept ready for use in solutions of 2 lbs dyestuff per 10 gallons condensed water: Dyestuffs for subsequent shading: As yellowing agents: Diamine Fast Yellow B, FF, A A.s red agents: Diamine Fast Scarlet GFF, 4BFF Diamine Brilliant Scarlet S or Diamine Brilliant Bubine S. As brown agents: Diamine Catechine B, Diamine Brown E, Diamine Fast Brown G, E. As saddening agents: Diamine Fast Blue FFB, Diamine Dark BlueB, Diaminogene B, extra. i* IV II. DIAMINE COLOURS AFTERTREATED WITH METALLIC SALTS. Aftertreatment with Copper Sulphate. The aftertreatment with copper sulphate very considerably increases the fastness to light of the shades, and at the same time improves the fastness to washing. According to the depth of shade, 1 — 3% copper sulphate „ > reckoned on the weight of the cotton 2 — 5% acetic acid 8 Tw* j are required, in a bath with a temperature of 50 — 80° C. (120—175° F.). Aftertreatment with Bichrome and Copper Sulphate. This aftertreatment to a very considerable degree increases the fastness to light as well as the fastness to washing. According to the depth of shade, 1 — 2% hichrome 1 — 2% copper sulphate 2 — 5% acetic acid 8° Tw.* are required, in a hot to boiling bath. reckoned on the weight of the cotton Aftertreatment with Bichrome, Chrome Alum and Chromium Fluoride. This aftertreatment considerably improves the fastness to washing of the shades, but does not affect their fastness to light. According to the depth of shade, 2 — 3% of the above salts 2 — 5% acetic acid 8° Tw.* are required, in a hot to boiling bath. j> reckoned on the weight of the cotton Note. Bichromate of potash may always be substituted by bichromate of soda. The baths for the after treatment must always remain perfectly clear and always have an acid reaction; an addition of acetic or formic acid is therefore absolutely essential. * Instead of 100 parts acetic acid 8° Tw., 20 parts formic acid 85% may equally well be used. may be used for shading dyeings bichrome , chromium fluoride or be aftertreated with copper sulphate or and bichrome , the following Anv of the Diamine Colours which are to be aftertreated with chrome alum. For shading dyeings to with a mixture of copper sulphate dyestuffs may be used: Diamine Fast Blue, all brands Diaminogene extra Diamine Brown S, R Diamine Fast Brown G, R, GB Diamine Fast Orange EG, ER Diamine Orange G, D Diamine Yellow CP Thioflavine S Diamine Fast Yellow A, B, FF Diamine Bordeaux S Diamine Brilliant Bordeaux R. For particulars regarding aftertreatment with alumina, nickel and cobalt salts see our “Manual of Dyeing”, Yol. I, 2nd edition, page 12. Aftertreatment with Chloride of Lime. Primuline, aftertreated with chloride of lime, yields a bright yellow-orange shade of very good fastness to light, washing, stoving, hot pressing and acid cross-dyeing. The cotton dyed (direct) with Primuline is rinsed, treated for X A hour in a cold, clear chloride of lime bath of about 2 / 3 ° Tw., rinsed again, soured off with hydrochloric acid, and rinsed once more thoroughly. III. DIAMINE COLOURS AFTERTREATED WITH FORMALDEHYDE. By the aftertreatment with formaldehyde the fastness to washing and milling of the shades in particular is improved. The cotton is dyed and rinsed according to the general directions (pages I and II), then treated for 20 to 30 minutes in a hot to boiling bath with 3% formaldehyde or 3% formaldehyde and 1 — 2% bichrome, and rinsed. VI IV. DIAMINE COLOURS DIAZOTISED AND DEVELOPED. The diazotising and developing considerably enhances the intens- ity of some shades and on the other hand changes the shade of some colours; in either case, however, an improvement in the fastness to washing is ensured and frequently also the resistance to light and acid boiling. For the production of developed shades the Diamine Colours are dyed according to the general directions (pages I and II). The following dyestuffs may he dyed for shading purposes together with diazotisable dyestuffs Diamine Fast Yellow, all brands Diamine Orange B, G Diamine Fast Orange EG, ER Diamine Fast Scarlet, all brands Diamine Fast Red F Diamine Bordeaux S Diamine Violet N Oxy Diamine Violet B, R, G Diamine Fast Blue, all brands Diamine Blue 3R Diamine New Blue R Diamineral Blue R, CVB Diamine Steel Blue L Diamine Green B, G Diamine Fast Brown G, R, GB Diamineral Brown G Diamine Black HW Diamine Fast Black F. Diazotising. The dyed cotton is rinsed in cold water, and then treated for 10 to 15 minutes in a cold hath for ligbt and medium shades with 1.5 — 2% nitrite and 5% hydrochloric acid 32 6 Tw. or 3% sulphuric acid 168° Tw. for deep shades with 2.5 — 3% nitrite and 7.5% hydrochloric acid 32° Tw. or 5% sulphuric acid 168° Tw. Hereafter the goods are rinsed quickly in cold water to advantage acidulated with hydrochloric acid, and then developed, without delay. The diazotised dyeings should not he allowed to lie for any length of time in the undeveloped state. For dyeing further lots in the same bath, only one-third to one-half of the quantities used for the starting bath are required. VII In the same way smaller quantities of nitrite and acid suffice when diazotising in mechanical apparatus with a very short liquor or in the jigger. Developing. Immediately after the diazotising and rinsing the goods are treated for 15 to 30 minutes in the cold developing bath, then rinsed, and soaped if necessary. For dissolving the Developers and charging the developing baths see the following tables. Preparation of the Solutions of the Developers. Beta Naphtol Resorcine Yellow Developer C Phenol Phenylene Diamine Powder Diamine BB Fast Blue Developer AD Bordeaux Developer Naphtyl- amine Ether Powder Naphtyl* amine Ether N Powder 10 lbs 10 lbs 10 lbs 10 lbs 10 lbs 10 lbs 10 lbs 10 lbs 10 lbs 10 lbs Beta Resor- Yellow Phenol Pheny- Diamine Fast Bor- Naph- Naph- Naphtol cine Deve- and lene BB are Blue deaux tyi- tyi- and and loper C 21/2 Diamine mixed Deve- Deve- amine amine 1 gallon 1 gallon are gallons Powder with loper loper Ether Ether N caustic caustic dissol- caustic and 3 gallons AD and and Powder Powder soda lye soda lye ved soda lye 3 lbs cold water 4 lbs 2 lbs and and 77 0 Tw. 77 0 Tw. with 770 Tw. soda and hydro- hydro- 4 lbs 2 lbs Prepa- are are boiling are ash are agitated chloric chloric hydro- hydro- ration 1 mixed mixed water mixed dissol- with acid are acid are chloric chloric and and to 10 and ved 1 gallon mixed mixed acid are acid are ti Ike dissol- dissol- gallons. dissol- with hydro- and and mixed mixed Stack Solutions ved with boiling 1 water 1 to 10 gallons. ved with boiling water to 10 gallons. ved with boiling water to 10 gallons. boiling water to 10 gallons. chloric acid until dissolved, and then brought with cold water to 10 gallons. brought with boiling water to 50 gallons. 9 brought with boiling water to 50 gallons. and brought with boiling water to 50 gallons. and brought with boiling water to 50 gallons. Preparation of the Developing Baths. For every 100 lbs of cotton, prepare the baths with the following amounts of the above solutions: Beta Naphtol Resorcine Yellow Developer C Phenol Phenylene Diamine Powder Diamine BB* Fast Blue Developer AD Bordeaux- Developer Naphtyl- amine Ether Powder Naphtyl- arainv Ether N Powder Light shades - pints | 2*/s pints 4 pints 2 pints 23/4 pints 31/4 pints 33 ' 4 gallons 2 1/2 gallons 33/4 gallons 33/4 gallons Medium and dark shades 7 pints 51/2 pints i gallon 4 pints 51/2 pints 61/2 pints 71/2 gallons 5 gallons 71/2 gallons 71/2 gallons * When working with Diamine BB. 3 lbs soda ash are added to the developing bath per 100 lbs cotton together with the developer. VIII Calculated on the weight of the dyed goods, the following quantities of developers are required: For developing dyeings of about 20/o dyeings of about 4—5o/o Beta Naphtol 0.45% 0.9% Resorcine 0.35% 0.7% Yellow Developer C 0.5 % 1.0% Phenol 0.25% 0.5% Phenylene Diamine Powder .... 0.35% 0.7% Diamine BB 0.4 % 0.8% Fast Blue Developer AD 0.75% 1.5% Bordeaux Developer 0.5 % 1.0% Naphtylamine Ether Powder .... 0.75% 1.5% Naphtylamine Ether N Powder 0.75% 1.5% The Developers are dissolved with the additions stated in the table (page VII) ; the quantities given are in each case to he under- stood for the first bath. When using the baths continuously, their quantities for the following developing baths are reduced to about one- quarter. When working in a large volume of liquor (more than 20 times the weight of the goods) a somewhat larger addition of Developer is required, whereas in the case of very short baths the quantity of same may be reduced. For varying the shades to be developed, some of the Developers may also he mixed with others ; for instance, Beta Naphtol Beta Naphtol Beta Naphtol Phenylene Diamine Powder Naphtylamine Ether with Besorcine „ Phenylene Diamine Powder „ Yellow Developer C „ Resorcine „ Fast Blue Developer AD. An addition of copper sulphate to the diazptising bath, or better still an aftertreatment of the developed shades with copper sulphate, will in most cases improve the fastness to light. The same quantity of copper sulphate is used as indicated on page IV. IX For shading, the developed as well as the direct dyeings may be topped with Basic Colours ; in some special cases the Basic Colours for the topping may be added to the diazotising bath. Boiling with Soda. Some of the Diamine Colours, particularly Diamine Cutch , may instead of being developed be subjected to a simple heating with soda. This is done by diazotising as usual, then rinsing without any addition of acid, and immediately aftertreating for 15 to 20 minutes in a warm bath of 40 —50° C.(105 — 120° F.)with 2.5% soda ash in the case of light shades and 5 % soda ash in the case of deep shades finallv rinsing as usual. V. DIAMINE COLOURS COUPLED. The shades obtained by coupling possess good fastness to washing and milling, and many of them also good fastness to acid cross-dyeing and light. The coupling is done by treating the dyed and rinsed cotton for Vi hour according to the general directions (pages 1 and II) in one of the coupling baths prepared with Nitrazol C or diazotised Paranitraniline C (see below). The cold coupling bath is charged successively with the solutions of Xitrazol or diazotised Paranitraniline, soda and acetate of soda; in this bath the cotton is treated for 14 hour and then rinsed. When coupling dyeings on loose cotton or in machines, it is well to omit the soda and acetate of soda, and to increase the quantity of Xitrazol or Paranitraniline by one-quarter to one-third. For shading the dyeings, small quantities of Basic Colours may be added to the coupling bath, e. g. for Black 0.2 — 0.3% Methylene Blue BB. ii X a) Coupling with Nitrazol C. For 100 lbs cotton for 1 14 — 2% dyeings with for 3 — 4% dyeings with 2 lbs Nitrazol C 3 — 4 lbs Nitrazol C 14 lb soda ash Yx — 1 lb soda ash 3 14 oz acetate of soda 3 Yx — 4 oz acetate of soda. To dissolve the Nitrazol C, it should be mixed with a little cold water (20 — 25° C. or 68 — 77° F.). Any lumps that may remain should be carefully crushed, the Nitrazol being finally brought into solution by pouring a sufficient quantity of cold water over it. b) Coupling with Paranitr aniline C. For 100 lbs cotton for 114 — 2% dyeings with for 3 — 4% dyeings with 314 gallons diazotised about 5 — 7 gallons diazotised Paranitraniline C Paranitraniline C 14 lb soda ash Yx — 1 lb soda ash 314 oz acetate of soda 5 — 6 14 oz acetate of soda. Paranitraniline is diazotised as follows: Dissolve 2 lbs Paranitraniline C with 1 14 gallons boiling condensed water, stir well, and then add 14 gallon hydrochloric acid 32° Tw. After some stirring, all will be dissolved; then add 3 Vi gallons cold water, which precipitates the hydrochloride of Paranitraniline in the form of a yellow paste. This solution should always be prepared a few hours before use in order to cool down. When quite cold, add 1 lb 1 oz nitrite of soda dissolved in 1 gallon cold water, agitating the mixture. After about 20 minutes, a clear solution results, which is then brought up to 20 gallons with cold water. XI The (liazo solution may be preserved for a considerable time when kept in wooden or porcelain vessels, and protected against heat and sunlight. DYEING OF DIAMINE COLOURS IN A COLD OR LUKEWARM BATH. All Diamine Colours may be dyed in a cold or lukewarm bath, onlv that in such case some more dyestuff is required for full shades than when dyeing in a hot bath. The following brands, some of which go on the fibre just as well as in a hot bath, are particularly well suited for this method: Diamine Fast Yellow A, AGG Diamine Yellow CP Thioflavine S Oxv Diamine Yellow GG, TZ Diamine Orange G, D Diamine Fast Orange EG, ER Oxy Diamine Orange R Diamine Rose, all brands Diamine Purpurine 6B Diamine Violet Red Diamine Red 10B Diamine Brown M, S Diamine Nitrazol Brown G Dye cold or lukewarm in the usual manner, for deep shades with somewhat more dyestuff than is generally used for the starting bath, and with the addition of 3 /s — 3 A oz soda and 8 oz to 3 lbs desiccated Glauber’s salt or common salt per 10 gallons. For sub- sequent dyeing add in the case of light shades about two-thirds to three-quarters, and in the case of deep shades, one-half to two-thirds the quantities of dyestuff contained in the starting bath, and about one-quarter to one-fifth of the amount of soda and Glauber’s salt. For Blacks, Damme Black BH, BHF, DN and Diamino gene B are diazotised after the dyeing and then developed with Phenylene Diamine, or with Phenylene Diamine together with Resorcine or again with Beta Naphtol and Phenylene Diamine. Diamine Fast Violet FFBN, FFRN, BBN Diamine Brilliant Violet B, RR Diamine Sky Blue, FF, FFN, FFS Diamine Pure Blue A Diamine Blue 2B, 3B, BX Diamine Azo Blue 2R Diamine Heliotrope B, 0 Diamine Fast Grey BN Diamine Black BH, BHF, DN Diaminogene B. ii* XII B. BASIC COLOURS. The Basic Colours as a rule require for their good exhaustion and fixation on the fibre a preliminary mordanting of the cotton. The mordanting is mostly done by a treatment with a tannin — chiefly tannic acid, for dark colours also sumac — and subsequent fixing with antimony or iron salts. Some special dyestuffs may be dyed direct or on a mordant of Turkey-red oil and sulphate of alumina. For bright colours, the goods are bleached, whilst for dark colours they are simply boiled. For mordanting and dyeing, wooden vats are best suited; iron vessels should be avoided, and care should be taken to use water as free from iron as possible. In case water free from iron should not be available for mordanting, a little hydrochloric acid should be added to the mordanting liquor. Dyeing on a Tannin Mordant. 1. Mordanting with Tannic Acid. Mordant for light shades with 1 — 2% tannic acid medium ,, „ 3 — 4% „ ,, deep „ „ 5—6% lukewarm or hot for 2 to 3 hours, or in the case of deep shades overnight. The baths exhaust but incompletely, and for deep shades they are therefore used for mordanting further lots, being replenished for each fresh lot with about 2 / 3 to 3 A of the quantities tannic acid used for the first lot. In order to exhaust the mordanting baths for deep shades as far as possible the goods are entered hot and allowed to cool in the bath. In the same way as pure tannic acid, other tannins such as sumac may be used, of which larger quantities however will be required. The percentage of tannic acid contained in sumac leaves or sumac extracts varies very much, but it may generally be assumed that of sumac leaves 4 to 5 times, and of the extracts 2 to 3 times, the quantity of good, pure tannic acid is required. XIII 2. Fixing with Tartar Emetic or Other Antimony Salts. About one-half the quantity of tartar emetic is required as of tannic acid, and somewhat less* of most of the substitutes for tartar emetic. The goods previously mordanted, whizzed or pressed off are treated cold for % to Vi hour, and then rinsed. When treating further lots, the antimony baths are replenished with two-thirds to three-quarters of the quantities used for the first bath. A prolonged exposure to the air causes the mordanted cotton to assume a brownish colour on the surface, and such discoloured parts will yield duller shades. If the mordanted goods cannot be dyed the same day, they are best covered with a wet cloth after the mordanting and fixing. 2 a) Fixing with Iron Salts. This operation is generally carried out in a liquor of pyrolignite of iron of 3 — 4 0 Tw. or in a liquor containing 5—10% copperas, of the weight of the cotton, the goods being worked cold for % to % hour, and rinsed. The fixing may also be carried out first with antimony salts, and a treatment with iron salts may follow for saddening, or the saddening with iron salts may be effected after the dyeing. 3. Dyeing. The cold dyebath is charged with 2—5% acetic acid or alum; the goods which are rinsed very well after the mordanting and fixing are entered, the dissolved dyestuff being added carefully in two or three portions and care being taken that the bath is exhausted before adding any fresh portion. The bath is then heated gradually to 60 — 70" C. (140—160° F.) and the dyeing continued for some time. Finally the goods are rinsed well. Naphtindone is dyed in the same manner with the addition of rather more alum (5 — 8%) or of 3 — 5% sulphate of alumina, the * 10 parts tartar emetic correspond to about 9 parts antimony salts, 6J4 parts double antimony fluoride, 6 parts patent salt, and 10 parts anti- mony potassium oxalate, antimonine or lactate of antimony. Antimony salts, double antimony fluoride and patent salt are used together with 6 — 8% of their weight of soda ash; antimonine and lactate of antimony on the other hand are applied with t lie addition of 1^ pints acetic acid of 8° Tw. per 100 gallons liquor. XIV dyeing being continued for another 20 to 30 minutes at boiling temperature after the exhaustion of the bath. Jf. Mordanting After the Dyeing. In order to enhance the fastness, and particularly the fastness to acid boiling, the goods, after dyeing, are taken once more through the old mordanting baths which for this purpose are replenished with about one-half the quantities used for the starting baths; the goods are worked first for one hour in the tannin and then for 14 hour in the antimony bath, and rinsed. Dyeing on a Turkey-Red Oil Mordant. This method serves for the production of very bright pink shades on cotton yarn with Irisamine or Rosaze'ine. The yarn is impregnated in lots of one pound each in a liquor consisting of 1 part Turkey-red oil and 2 parts water; it is then wrung off evenly, or whizzed, and dried, and mordanted once or twice again in the same way. After each pound of cotton the liquor is freshened up with 1 quart of a mixture of 1 part oil and 2 parts water. Occasionally, the goods, after the impregnation with Turkey-red oil, are mordanted also with acetate of alumina (of about 5° Tw.), then wrung off or hydroextracted, and likewise dried. More bluish shades are obtained in this manner. Dye in a short, cold bath with the addition of a little acetic acid, and dry at a moderate temperature. Direct Dyeing with Basic Colours. Certain Basic Colours, particularly Naphtindone, may like the Diamine Colours be dyed in a salt bath. Naphtindone BB is then dyed with 3 — 3M> lbs common salt or desiccated Glauber’s salt per 10 gallons; enter the cotton at 40 — 50° C. (105 — 120° F.), heat to the boil, and rinse. XV c. PARANITRANILINE RED ISAMINE BLUE ACID COLOURS see pages 133 - 140 . D. IMMEDIAL COLOURS. For the dyeing of Immedial Colours, wooden or iron vessels as a rule are used. Copper or brass, in so far as they may come into contact with the liquor, should be avoided. The dyeing is generally carried out with the addition of sodium sulphide, soda and common salt or Glauber’s salt. The sodium sulphide serves the purpose of dissolving the dyestuff and keeping it in solution; it is important therefore that the bath should always contain a sufficient amount of sodium sulphide. A moderate excess does not matter, hut a large excess retards the exhaustion, the shades turning out lighter thereby. It has to he considered that for light shades a much larger quantity proportionately of sodium sulphide is required than for deep shades. Soda is added partly to assist the action of the sodium sulphide and partly to correct the hardness of the water. Common salt and Glauber’s salt assist the absorption of the dyestuff. The addition of salt should therefore be rather small or should be omitted entirely in the case of light shades and of material difficult to penetrate. When dyeing deep shades in the standing bath, it is advisable, same as for the Diamine Colours, to test the bath from time to time for the quantity of salt it contains. For medium shades the bath should not show more than 4° Tw. and for deep shades not more than 7 — 9° Tw.; for blacks however the specific gravity may be rather higher (10 — 12° Tw.), hut when these limits are reached, no more salt should he added for some lots. XVI Of Glauber’s salt crystals double the quantity is required as of desiccated Glauber’s salt or of common salt; for machine-dyeing in particular crystallised Glauber’s salt should be given the preference. For the proportions of these additions, as well as for particulars of the further application of Turkey-red oil, monosolvol, glucose and glue in the dyeing with Immedial Colours, see our “Manual of Dyeing”, Yol. I, 2nd edition, pages 22 to 34. As a rule, the Immedial Colours are dyed in as short baths as practicable, light shades as a rule in a warm to hot bath and deep shades in most cases near boiling temperature. Some Immedial Colours are however dyed at a lower temperature, also in deep shades, and a number of them moreover may be dyed very well in a cold or lukewarm bath (see our “Manual of Dyeing”, Yol. I, 2nd edition, pages 40 and 41). After dyeing, yarns and piece-goods are pressed off thoroughly and then as a rule rinsed immediately. Loose cotton, instead of being squeezed off, is thrown into baskets in order to drain, or hydro- extracted, and then rinsed. Immedial lndone and Immedial Sky Blue are to best advantage freed of the excess liquor before rinsing by squeezing off, wringing or whizzing as thoroughly as possible, and are then aired. AFTERTREATMENT OF IMMEDIAL COLOURS. I. AFTERTREATMENT WITH METALLIC SALTS. a) Aftertreatment with Bichrome. By this kind of aftertreatment the shades turn out finer in many cases, especially in the case of all blue and black brands, while it prevents light shades from changing by subsequent oxidation. As a rule 3% bichrome and 3 — 5% acetic acid 8° Tw.* are used. The dyed and well rinsed cotton is aftertreated hot for 20 to 30 minutes, and rinsed thoroughly once more. * Instead of 100 parts acetic acid 8° Tw., 20 parts formic acid 85% may equally well be used. XVII b) Aftertreatment with Bichrome and Bisulphite: This aftertreatment, like the one afore-described, increases the brightness of the blue Immedial Colours, especially of the Immedial Direct Blues, Immedial Blues and Immedial New Blues, offering also the advantage that it may be carried out in the cold bath. The last rinsing bath is charged with 0.5 — 1% bichrome, and this liquor allowed to react for a few minutes on the goods, whereupon 4—8 oz bisulphite of soda of 64° Tw. per 10 gallons liquor are added to the same bath, the goods being then treated for another 7 to 10 minutes, and rinsed once more. c) Aftertreatment with Bichrome and Copper Sulphate: This aftertreatment increases the fastness to light, washing and boiling of most colours, and raises the shade of a great many, especially those of Immedial Direct Blue, Immedial Blue and Immedial New Blue. It also prevents the dyeings from changing by a subsequent spontaneous oxidation. The following quantities are as a rule used, viz: 1.5 — 2% bichrome, 1.5 — 2% copper sulphate and 3 — 5% acetic acid*, the method of working being the same as described under (a) . d) Aftertreatment with Nickel Sulphate and Bichrome: This method of afertreatment, for which we hold letters patent, enhances the fastness to light and washing, and increases the brightness of Immedial Direct Blue, Immedial Blue, Immedial New Blue and Immedial Indogene B. It is applied principally as a substitute for the aftertreatment with bichrome and bluestone in iron apparatus, because copper salts affect the iron. The following are about the quantities used when following this method: 1 — 2% nickel sulphate, 1 — 2% bichrome, 3 — 5% acetic acid.* The dyed and well rinsed cotton is treated hot for 20 minutes and rinsed well once more. * Instead of 100 parts acetic acid 8<> Tw., 20 parts formic acid 85% may be used. ill XVIII II. AFTERTREATMENT WITH IMMEDIAL DEVELOPER. This developer replaces hydrogen peroxide and sodium peroxide used hitherto. It keeps very well, is very easy to apply, and serves for the following two purposes: a) For Oxidising of Immedial Indone, Immedial Indogene or Immedial Direct Blue. These shades oxidise more quickly and gain in brightness by rinsing with a slight amount of Immedial Developer. The cotton is dyed in the customary manner, and rinsed. The last rinsing hath is heated to 40 — 50° C. (105 — 120° F.) and charged with 0.5 — 1% Immedial Developer (of the weight of the goods) whilst stirring. The cotton is treated in this bath for about 20 minutes, and may then as a rule be freed from water at once, and dried. This treatment is particularly of advantage for dyeing in apparatus. b) For Developing Dyeings of Immedial Blue and Immedial New Blue. This method of developing yields the same brightness of shade as is ensured by the older methods of developing by smothering and steaming described below. The latter is however the cheaper method, but the developing may also be effected with Immedial Developer. The developing with Immedial Developer is more advantageous than that with peroxide of hydrogen or sodium which is applied occasionally for the same purpose. Dye the cotton in the usual way, and rinse immediately. Stir 1—2% Immedial Developer (of the weight of the goods) into the last rinsing bath heated to 40 — 50° C. (105 — 120° F.), then enter the goods, raise gradually to the hoil, working about Vi hour in all. Finally rinse once more. III. DEVELOPING OF IMMEDIAL BLUE AND IMMEDIAL NEW BLUE BY STEAMING, SMOTHERING OR TOPPING IN THE VAT. After dyeing, the goods are whizzed without previous rinsing, and wrung or squeezed off; when dyeing in apparatus the liquor XIX is drawn off well by suction or pressed off. The shades are then developed by steaming or smothering, or again by topping in the Indigo vat as described on pages 38 and 39 of our “Manual of Dyeing”, Yol. I, 2 nd edition. IV. AFTERTREATMENT WITH ACETATE OR FORMATE OF SODA. This treatment is applied principally for Blacks produced with lmmedial Colours and as a final operation in those cases in which the goods are not otherwise treated wfith alkalies, soda, soap and the like. This aftertreatment is particularly needed for all those black dyeings (with the exception of Indo Carbon) which are brightened with acid, for instance silk-scrooped. In this case the acetate or formate of soda is added straight to the acid brightening bath. An aftertreatment of this kind is important also for warps in unions if the pieces are subsequently cross-dyed in an acid bath or stoved, or if cotton dyed black in this manner is woven up with wool, previously dyed acid or stoved. After the acid cross-dyeing and storing, the goods must without fail be rinsed thoroughly and then treated again with acetate of soda. For black yarns to be cross-dyed or stoved it is also well to aftertreat with bichrome in the usual way, after the dyeing and rinsing, and then to rinse with the addition of acetate of soda to the last rinsing bath. The quantity of acetate of soda required depends on the water which is used (hard water requiring less than soft water), and the amount of acid in the goods. As a rule, 5 oz — 1 lb acetate or formate of soda is required per 10 gallons water, which is added to the last rinsing bath. Dyeings aftertreated with metallic salts are treated with acetate or formate of soda after the aftertreatment only. If the yarns, warps or fabrics are sized or finished after the dyeing, without previous drying, the salts are added to the size or to the finish. If the yarns etc. are treated finally with soap or soda, it is not necessary to use acetate of soda. hi* XX E. HYDRON COLOURS. The Hydron Colours are vat dyestuffs of very excellent pro- perties of fastness and possessing specially good levelling properties. They are dyed with hydrosulphite, some brands also with sodium sulphide and hydrosulphite with the addition of caustic soda. In some instances the caustic soda may be substituted by carbonate of soda. Yats of wood, copper, iron or nickeline are used when dyeing with hydrosulphite; when however dyeing with the addition of sodium sulphide, vessels or fittings of copper or brass must be strictly avoided. The following brands of Hydron Colours are on the market: Hydron Blue G Paste 20%, 30% and 40% „ G Powder „ R Paste 20%, 30% and 40% „ R Powder. Hydron Dark Blue G Paste 20% and 40% „ G Powder. Hydron Violet B Paste 20% and 40% „ B Powder „ R Paste 20% and 40% „ R Powder. Hydron Olive G Paste 40% „ G Powder „ B Paste 40% „ B Powder. Hydron Yellow G Paste 20%. Hydron Blue R Paste for Printing 30%. Hydron Black B Paste for Printing 30%. XXI HYDRON BLUE G AND R PASTE, 20 o/ 0 , 30 o/ 0 AND 40 o/ 0 . HYDRON BLUE G AND R POWDER. Dissolving Hydron Blue. The paste products may be added straight to the dyebath. The dyestuff mixed with soft water is added to the warm bath, together with the requisite quantities of alkali, and then sodium sulphide or hydrosulphite whilst stirring, as indicated in the respective directions of dyeing. The dyestuff dissolves rapidly on addition of the hydro- sulphite. The powder products before being added to the dyebath are first made to an even paste by gradually mixing them with approx- imately their own to double their weight of cold to lukewarm water, if possible free from lime, containing about one-half gallon of methylated spirits per gallon of water. The mixture is then added to the dye liquor through a fine sieve, any portions remaining undissolved being crushed with a spatula and washed in with water. Hereafter the requisite quantities of alkali, sodium sulphide or hydrosulphite are added. In respect to tinctorial power, 100 parts Hydron Blue G or E Paste 20% are equal to DIRECTIONS FOR DYEING HYDRON BLUE. The two following methods of dyeing Hydron Blue have been found the most serviceable in practice. a) DYEING WITH HYDROSULPHITE. This method is employed especially for dyeing pure, light shades. The following are the approximate quantities: For Light and Medium Shades: „ G „ R „ 30%, or „ G „ R „ 40%, or „ G „ R Powder. Starting Bath. Additions for Subsequent Lots. Hydron Blue Paste 20% 2 — 15 % Hydrosulphite cone, powder 2 — 7.5% Caustic soda lye 77° Tw. 2 — 7.5% 2—11 % 2— 5.5% 2— 4 % XXII Starting Bath. Hydron Blue Paste 20% 15 — 30% Hydrosulphite cone, powder 7.5 — 15% Caustic soda lye 77° Tw. 7.5 — 15% Additions for Subsequent Lots. 11 —20 % 5.5—10 % 4 — 7.5% Instead of caustic soda lye, an equal weight of soda ash may be used, for deeper shades in particular. b) DYEING WITH SODIUM SULPHIDE AND HYDROSULPHITE. This method comes mainly into consideration for medium and deep shades, but may be employed to advantage also for lighter shades, particularly in the case of goods which are difficult to pene- trate. A smaller quantity of hydrosulphite is required than for the afore-mentioned method, whereby the dyeing process is considerably cheapened. The following are the quantities: Additions for Starting Bath. Subsequent Lots. Hydron Blue Paste 20% Sodium sulphide crystals Hydrosulphite cone, powder Caustic soda lve 77° Tw. 6—30% 4 —20% 6—30% 3 —15% 2— 5% 1}4— 3% 3— 15% 2 — 8% In this case also soda may he used instead of caustic soda lye, particularly for deep shades. DYEING OF COTTON YARN IN AN OPEN VESSEL. The hanks must he boiled well with soda or caustic soda or wetted with Turkey-red oil before being dyed; for light, pure shades it is necessary to bleach the yarn first. The dyeing may he carried out according to the two methods described above. First add the alkali and the sodium sulphide which may be required to the warm bath, then the dyestuff; hereafter add the hydrosulphite in powder form or previously dissolved in cold water, and stir the bath slowly until the dyestuff is reduced, the bath showing an entirely yellow appearance. Dye for 14 to 1 hour, very light shades at 30 — 40° C. (85 — 105° F.), medium and deep shades at 60 — 70° C. (140 — 160° F.), give two or three quick turns in succession before lifting the goods,, squeeze off stick by stick, and rinse. XXIII first cold and then hot. Brighter shades are obtained by immediately •wringing off the dyed and then squeezed yarn, levelling at the wringing post, oxidising in the air for 14 to 1 hour, and only then rinsing; in this case the goods are rinsed first hot and then cold. The rinsing may be followed up by a suitable aftertreatment; see page XXXVIII. It is a great advantage to dye on the well-known ~i_r -shaped iron rods, by means of which the yarn may be kept continually below the surface of the liquor, greater levelness being thus ensured and an economy in hydrosulphite effected, as hydrosulphite decomposes very quickly when exposed to the air. Straight sticks may also be used, but in such case the yarn must not be turned so frequently and is best kept under the surface of the liquor; the quantity of hydrosulphite should then also be slightly increased. Enough hydrosulphite must always be used to reduce the liquor to a gold-yellow colour, the yarn on leaving the liquor likewise having a yellow (and neither a green nor a blue) appearance. If green or blue, a little hydrosulphite, and possibly also a little caustic soda lye or soda, will have to be added. DYEING OF MERCERISED COTTON YARN. Mercerised cotton yarn is dyed and aftertreated in exactly the same manner as ordinary cotton yarn. As it how r ever absorbs the dyestuff much more quickly than ordinary yarn, it is advisable in every case to add some monosol vol or Turkey-red oil to the bath, for light shades also increasing the amount of hydrosulphite, and moreover to commence dyeing at a lower temperature and to raise the temperature only gradually. The sodium sulphide process has been found particularly use- ful for very tightly twisted yarns and such as are difficult to dye through; the material is first dyed for K to Vi hour without any hvdrosulphite, i. e. with only the dyestuff, sodium sulphide, and caustic soda lye or soda; the bath is then cooled off to 60 — 70° C. (140 — 160° F.), the hydrosulphite strewed in and the dyeing com- pleted within Vt hour. DYEING OF LINEN YARN. Linen yarn is dyed in the same way as indicated for cotton yarn in the directions on pages XXI and XXII. It is advisable to add some Turkey-red oil or monosol vol to the bath; the amount of dyestuff may also be slightly reduced. XXIV For dyeing very hard material, the sodium sulphide process i& particularly well suited; boil the yarn with the dyestuff, caustic soda lye or soda and sodium sulphide without any hydrosulphite, adding the latter after about Vi hour to the cooled off bath, and dye for another half hour or so. DYEING OF LOOSE COTTON IN OPEN VESSELS OR KETTLES. Loose cotton may he dyed according to either of the two methods described on pages XXI and XXII, the ingredients for the dyebaths being exactly the same as for cotton yarn. It has however to be noted that for dyeing loose cotton the sodium sulphide process is employed to best advantage, in applying which the previous boiling off may he omitted. The hath is in such case first charged only with the caustic 9oda lye or soda, sodium sulphide and dyestuff, the hydro- sulphite being omitted until later; the opened cotton is then entered dry into the boiling hot bath, and boiled for Vi to V hour. Hereafter the bath is cooled off to 70° C. (160° F.) by the addition of cold water, the hydrosulphite stirred in and the dyeing completed in Vi hour, the material being worked well all the time. In both cases the cotton is thrown into baskets after dyeing, allowed to drain off well or hydroextracted, and then rinsed well, if possible with warm water. MACHINE-DYEING. Dyeing in apparatus is employed for loose cotton, sliver and roving, cheeses, cops and warps. Loose cotton and also roving and sliver in form of tightly w r ound cheeses are dyed exclusively by the packing system. Roving in the shape of Flyer-Sloeving bobbins is frequently dyed on spindles, the material in such case being dried on the spindles after the dyeing. Roving is less frequently dyed in continuous passages in special machines; the passages being very short, the dyebath must be rather concentrated. The details given on page XXVIII for warp dyeing in continuous dyeing machines may here serve for guidance. XXV Cheeses and cops are especially dyed by the spindle system, cheeses more particularly also in packing apparatus. Warps, as far as they are not dyed in a continuous passage in the ordinary warp dyeing machine, are frequently dyed on perforated beams, similarly as in the case of cops or cheeses. Hvdron Blue may be dyed by the hydrosulphite process in any kind of apparatus made of wood, iron, copper or nickeline, but for the sodium sulphide process, copper apparatus or fittings of copper or brass cannot be used. When dyeing Hydron Blue in mechanical apparatus, care must be taken, as in the case of other dyestuffs, that pure, soft water be used. It is absolutely necessary to thoroughly boil off the material, to advantage with the addition of soda or Turkey-red oil. For light, pure shades, a previous bleach is necessary, care being taken that the material is freed from chlorine and acids before being dyed. Examples for Machine-Dyeing. 1. LIGHT BLUE ON 100 LBS CHEESES IN APPROX. 80 GALLONS WATER IN THE SPINDLE MACHINE. (Method a.) Additions for Starting Bath. Subsequent Lots. Hydron Blue G Paste 20% 4 lbs 3 lbs Hydron Blue R Paste 20% 14 lb 6 oz Hydrosulpliite cone. Powder 4 14 lbs 2 lbs Caustic soda lye 77° Tw. 4 Mi „ 2 Monosolvol 2 „ 6 OZ Add to the bath at about 40° C. (105° F.) the caustic soda, monosolvol and dyestuff, then the hydrosulphite in powder form, or better dissolved in cold water, the bath being stirred until the liquor has assumed a completely yellow colour; the well boiled or bleached, and thoroughly rinsed material is then dyed for 14 to Vk hour at about 40° C. (105° F.). IV XXVI During the dyeing with Hydron Blue, the bath must he well reduced, the liquor having a golden yellow colour, but not a bluish or greenish appearance. If the latter be the case, the quantities of reducing and dissolving agents are shown to be insufficient, and some hydrosulphite, and possibly also some caustic soda, has to be added. After dyeing, the liquor is drawn off as thoroughly as possible by vacuum suction; hereafter rinse, first warm, then cold, and, in order to obtain best possible brightness, aftertreat with perborate; see page XXXVIII. 2. MEDIUM BLUE ON 100 LBS COPS IN APPROX. 130 GALLONS LIQUOR IN THE SPINDLE MACHINE. (Method b.) Starting Bath. Additions for Subsequent Lots. Hydron Blue G Paste 20% 7 lbs 4/ lbs Hydron Blue R Paste 20% 2 „ 1 / „ Sodium sulphide crystals 9 „ 6 „ Caustic soda lye 77° Tw. 4K „ 3 „ Hydrosulphite cone, powder 3K „ 1 X „ The cops are first boiled for about Z hour with water as soft as possible, without any other additions, and then lightly rinsed with cold water. The dyebath at a temperature of about 70° C. (160° F.) is to begin with charged with the afore-stated quantities of caustic soda, sodium sulphide and dyestuff, the hydrosulphite dissolved in cold water being then added. The liquor must after some minutes be reduced to a yellow colour; if still greenish, some more hydro- sulphite must be added. Dye for about % hour at about 70° C. (160° F.), remove the liquor quickly and as thoroughly as possible by vacuum suction, rinse the goods once or twice warm at about 50° C. (120° F.), and then again with cold water until the water runs off perfectly clear from a cop pressed in the hand. 3. DARK BLUE ON LOOSE COTTON IN THE APPARATUS.* (Method b.) About 200 gallons liquor per 240 lbs Loose Cotton. Starting Bath. Additions for Subsequent Lots. Hydron Blue R Paste 20% 72 lbs 48 lbs Sodium sulphide crystals 72 „ 36 „ Caustic soda lye 77° Tw. 36 „ 24 „ Hydrosulphite cone, powder 12 „ 8 „ * Loose cotton, in contradistinction to other material, is entered in a dry state into the apparatus; a preliminary boiling without hydrosulphite becomes therefore necessary. XXVII Charge the boiling hot dyebath with the caustic soda lye, sodium sulphide and dyestuff. Enter the cotton dry, and dye for about 20 minutes at the boil. Cool the bath down to about 70° C. (160° F.), add the hydrosulphite, dye for another 20 to 30 minutes, remove the liquor by means of the vacuum pump, and rinse, first warm and then cold. 4. DARK BLUE ON 100 LBS COPS IN 130 GALLONS LIQUOR IN THE SPINDLE MACHINE. (Method b.) Additions for Starting Bath. Subsequent Lots. Hvdron Blue G Paste 20% 14 lbs 9 lbs Hydron Blue R Paste 20% 14 „ 9 Sodium sulphide crystals 28 „ 13 % Caustic soda lye 77° Tw. 14 „ 8 >> Hydrosulphite cone. Powder 6 „ 3 34 >> The method of working is the same as indicated sub (2) for Medium Blue. In packing machines the liquor is after dyeing drawn off by means of the vacuum pump, and pressed into the reservoir; hereafter ihe goods are rinsed, first with cold and then with warm water. If hydroextractors are combined with the packing apparatus, apply first a cold rinsing bath, then whizz and finally rinse, first warm and then cold. Goods dyed in packing apparatus (cheeses, loose cotton etc.) are to advantage left lying for some time exposed to the air or given an air passage, for the purpose of oxidation. When dyeing in spindle machines the liquor is best removed by vacuum suction, whereupon the rinsing takes place. If vacuum suction is not available, the liquor is removed by means of the pump, the goods being then covered quickly with water to prevent the outer layers from oxidising. Hereafter rinse until the water runs clear. In order to increase the effect of the rinsing, it is advisable to use warm water for the purpose. IV* XXVIII DYEING OF WARPS IN THE CONTINUOUS DYEING MACHINE. Warps are dyed in all kinds of warp dyeing machines provided with squeezing rollers, both by the hydrosulphite and by the sulphide- hydrosulphite process. As a rule the dyebaths are charged in the same manner as stated for cotton yarn, but the starting baths, on account of the short duration of the dyeing operation, must be correspondingly stronger. In large-sized continuous dyeing machines, such as illustrated by the sketch below, the dyeing, also of deep shades, may be carried out in one or two passages, the dissolved dyestuff necessary for replenishing the liquor being added during the dyeing. This machine consists of three interconnected boxes of a capacity of 300 — 330 gallons each. Adjoining these are two or three rinsing vats, but the rinsing may also be carried out in a second machine. For a medium blue shade, charge the dyebath in the above machine with about (Method b.) Hydron Blue R Paste 20% 1 lb Hydron Blue G Paste 20% l A ,, Sodium sulphide crystals 1 M* „ Caustic soda lye 77° Tw. % „ Hydrosulphite cone. Powder 5 oz per 10 gallons liquor, enter the previously wetted and well squeezed off warps, and give one passage whilst feeding the dyebath for 100 lbs of warps with the following additions: Caustic soda lye 77° Tw. Hydrosulphite cone, powder Hvdron Blue B Paste 20% Hydron Blue G Paste 20% Sodium sulphide crystals dissolved together in about 10 gallons water at about 500 c. (120o F.). After the passage the warps are well squeezed off, and rinsed, first cold and then warm. If necessary, a second passage may be given after having rinsed once cold. In the smaller warp dyeing machines the dyeing is done in two to four passages, the requisite dyestuff as well as the other additions being distributed over the various passages. In such small machines containing about 400 gallons of liquor for 400 lbs of warps a very deep shade of Blue is dyed as follows: For the first passage add to the bath about Give one passage at 70° C. (160° F.), squeeze off, rinse in a cold bath, and pile up the warps. Then give three further passages, for each passage repeating the additions made for the first passage. After each passage the warps are squeezed off, given one cold rinsing and piled up; for the fourth passage the dyebath is in the case of deep shades to advantage heated somewhat more (to abt. 80° C. or 175° F.) ; after the squeezing, the warps are at once rinsed thoroughly. Care has to be taken that the dyebath is reduced to a completely yellow colour; if it turns greenish during the dyeing, some hydro- sulphite, and possibly also some soda lye, must be added. For dyeing subsequent lots in the above bath an addition has to be made, per 400 lbs warps, of 30 lbs Hydron Blue K Paste 20% 30 „ Sodium sulphide crystals 15 „ caustic soda lye 77° Tw. 6 „ hydrosulphite cone, powder. XXX 80 lbs Hydron Blue R Paste 20% 60 „ Sodium sulphide crystals 24 „ Caustic soda lye 77° Tw. 16 „ Hydrosulphite cone, powder, these quantities likewise being distributed over four passages. DYEING OF PIECE-GOODS. Hydron Blue on piece-goods is best dyed 1. in the jigger 2. in the continuous dyeing machine 3. a) by padding in the padding machine b) by dyeing in a padding machine provided with a big trough. For the dyeing of piece-goods, the two methods indicated on pages XXI and XX.II may be used; in most cases however the method of dyeing with the addition of sodium sulphide has been found best, and is therefore the most frequently used. 1, DYEING IN THE JIGGER. Dyeing in the jigger is the method most generally in use, any ordinary jigger provided with squeezing rollers being suitable for the purpose. It is an advantage to combine the dyeing jigger with a rinsing jigger. The requisite squeezing rollers can easily be adjusted to any jigger available, in the manner illustrated by the sketch at foot. XXXI The narrow ends (a) of the jigger are fitted with two bearings (c) which carry a shaft (d). To each end of the shaft, right and left, a lever (e) is affixed immoveably by means of a rabbet and wedge carrying the squeezing roller (b). The levers (e) extend beyond the roller-bearing through the arms ( f ), which may be weighted with the weights (g). When not in actual use, the whole arrangement is thrown back into the position shown by the dotted lines, and is there arrested by means of a bolt which passes through an eye in arm (h). The sprinkler (i) is so adjusted as to sprinkle the goods from the side on entering the rinsing jigger. During the dyeing, the squeezing roller is set at rest over the jigger, the dyeing being carried out as customary; only during the last passage the squeezing roller is put into action, the goods passing the nippers and running straight into the rinsing bath, without being batched. Dyeing Directions for Hydron Blue Dyed in the Jigger. Additions for Starting Bath. Subsequent Lots. Hydron Blue Paste 20% 3 — 30% Sodium sulphide crystals 3 — 30% Caustic soda lye 77° Tw. 3 — 15% Hydrosulphite cone, powder 1 K — 6% 214—20% 2 Vi — 15% 2 K — 8% IK— 4% Charge the dyebath with the requisite dyestuff, sodium sulphide and caustic soda lye, treat the goods at the boil for about K hour, then cool down to 60 — 70° C. (140 — 160° F.) and strew the hydrosulphite gradually in small portions into the bath, which should thereafter assume an entirely yellow colour. Hereafter dye for about another K hour at 60 — 70° C. (140—160° F.), squeeze off, and rinse. Example for Dyeing a Medium Blue Shade in the Jigger. 100 lbs cotton goods Hydron Blue G Paste 20% Hydron Blue R Paste 20% Sodium sulphide crystals Caustic soda lye 77° Tw. Turkey-red oil or the like 60 gallons liquor Additions for Starting Bath. Subsequent Lots. 7K lbs 5 lbs 7K „ 5 „ 15 „ 8 „ 7K „ 4 „ IK „ 8 oz. One-half of the additions stated is added to the bath on commencing to dye, the other half being added after the first passage. The goods prepared for dyeing and well beamed are given 4 to 6 passages near boiling temperature. Hereafter the dyebath is cooled with cold water down to about 70° C. (160° F.) and the hydrosulphite XXXII strewn into the bath until it assumes a completely yellow appearance, about one-quarter to one-fifth Hydrosulphite cone, powder of the weight of the Hydron Blue G Paste 20% being required. After further 4 to 6 passages the goods are squeezed off at about 70° C. (160° F.) and best conducted straight into the adjoining rinsing jigger, rinsed from cold to hot, and, if necessary, soaped hot. If after adding the hydrosulphite both dyebath and goods turn gradually greenish, some more hydrosulphite should be added. It is particularly recommendable to add some hydrosulphite before the last passage, i. e. shortly before the squeezing off. The dyeing of subsequent lots is likewise commenced, with the addition of the sodium sulphide and caustic soda, or soda, only; depending on the depth of shade to be dyed, one-half to two-thirds of the quantities used for the first bath will be sufficient; 4 to 6 passages are given, same as for the first lot, the hydrosulphite then also being added. 2. DYEING IN THE CONTINUOUS DYEING MACHINE. The following sketch shows a useful type of continuous dyeing machine. The first two boxes contain the dye liquor, the third and fourth being intended for rinsing. Before rinsing, the goods may be conducted for oxidation over the guiding rollers placed above the drying and rinsing boxes. XXXIII The vats may he built of wood or iron, the small guiding rollers being best made of iron. The squeezing rollers may be made of iron, with a rubber coating if necessary, and are covered with cloth as customary. For heating the bath a closed steam coil of iron is used. The dyebath is for example charged for medium blue with 12 oz Hydron Blue G Paste 20% 12 oz Hydron Blue R Paste 20% 1 V? lbs sodium sulphide crystals 12 oz caustic soda lye 77° Tw. 5 oz hydrosulphite cone, powder 3 oz Turkey-red oil or the like per 10 gallons liquor. During the dyeing the dyebath is replenished with 6% Hydron Blue G Paste 20% 6% Hydron Blue R Paste 20% 8% sodium sulphide crystals 4% caustic soda lye 77° Tw. 3% hydrosulphite cone, powder. The requisite ingredients for the replenishing liquor are mixed in a wooden or iron vessel with about 5 times their weight of water of 50° C. (120° F.) and are added to the dye-vat. The goods, thoroughly soaped and squeezed, are given one to two passages at 60 — 70° C. (140 — 160° F.), squeezed off, passed over some guiding rollers for oxidation and rinsed. If the dyeing machine should contain copper or brass parts, the dyeing is done without sodium sulphide in a similar manner as described below for padding, with the addition of hydrosulphite and soda. 3a. PADDING IN THE PADDING MACHINE. For padding, the padding machine is provided with a very small trough. In a vessel placed on a higher level the dye-liquor is prepared according to the desired shade, and heated by indirect steam. During the dyeing the liquor flows continuously into the small trough, to best advantage in such a way as to distribute evenly under the surface of the liquor; see following sketch. v XXXIV The dry goods, well freed from size, are passed through the small padding trough, squeezed off, cuttled, or rinsed straightaway. As a rule the goods may be completely dyed in one passage, several passages usually being required for deep shades only. The padding of Hydron Blue may be carried out at 60 — 70° C. (140—160° F.) either with sodium sulphide, hydrosulphite and lye, or, if the padding machine is fitted with copper or brass parts, without sodium sulphide, the lye in such case being to advantage substituted by soda. a) Padding according to the Sodium Sulphide Process. 1 — 3 lbs Hydron Blue Paste 20% 10 oz — 1 lb caustic soda lye 77° Tw. or soda ash 1 — 2 lbs sodium sulphide crystals 5 — 10 oz hydrosulphite cone, powder 3 — 5 oz Turkey-red oil or the like b) Padding with Hydrosulphite and Caustic Soda Lye or Soda. 1 — 3 lbs Hydron Blue Paste 20% 1 — 3 lbs caustic soda lye 77° Tw. or soda ash I per 10 gallons Y-i — 1 lb hydrosulphite cone, powder liquor. 3 — 5 oz Turkey-red oil or the like per 10 gallons liquor. XXXV 3b. DYEING IN THE PADDING MACHINE WITH A LARGE TROUGH. Dveing in the padding machine is the favourite method in many works, when a very large output is required. This method is applied mainlv for lighter class fabrics. Hvdron Blue has been found to be very well adapted for this method of dyeing, and plain blue fabrics may be produced according to this method in the simplest manner possible in a degree of fastness such as it has not been possible hitherto to attain. The padding machine, in addition to its application for plain blue goods, may be used also for resist styles. The above sketch indicates a padding machine of the kind suited for the dyeing of Hydron Blue. As will be seen, an ordinary padding machine is used with a roller-vat of a capacity to hold about 130 gallons. The vat should be so arranged that it may be heated by indirect steam and that the liquor can flow in continuously. The dry goods are passed through the liquor at a temperature of about 80° C. (175° F.). The passage should be so regulated as to leave the goods for 25 to 50 seconds in the bath; if necessary, the size of the roller-vat must be increased to correspond with the speed of the passage. XXXVI During the passage of the goods, the dye-liquor is freshened up correspondingly by the addition of stronger dye solution. To effect this, the feeding liquor from the smaller vessel placed at a higher level flows into the vat so as to keep the liquor always at the same level. The temperature of the feeding liquor should he about 50° C. (120° F.). After squeezing off evenly, the goods are exposed to the air and thoroughly rinsed from hot to cold; they may then he soaped hot or treated with perborate in order to obtain brighter shades. Very full shades are best dyed with two passages. In such case the passages are so arranged that the last piece of the first passage is allowed to run as the first piece in the second passage. The feeding liquor is thereby divided over the two passages. The pressure of the squeezing rollers should be so regulated that the fabric absorbs 90 — 100% of its weight in dye-liquor. Care should be taken that the starting baths are never charged with more than 5 lbs Hydron Blue B Paste 20% or 214 lbs Hydron Blue G Paste 20% per 10 gallons liquor; the feeding liquor on the other hand may be kept considerably stronger. This concentrated bath for freshening up the liquor should be stirred up vigorously from time to time. Care should always be taken that the dyebaths, and the goods passing through the same, have an entirely yellow appearance; as soon as the bath or the goods begin to assume a green colour, a little hydrosulphite and if necessary also a little alkali has to be added. EXAMPLES. The trough, containing approx. 130 gallons, is charged as follows: „ Light Blue: 1 lb Hydron Blue G Paste 20% 8 oz sodium sulphide crystals 8 „ caustic soda lye 77° Tw. or soda ash 4 „ hydrosulphite cone, powder 3 „ Turkey-red oil or the like per 10 gallons liquor. Feeding Liqvor: 2 lbs Hydron Blue G Paste 20% 12 oz sodium sulphide crystals 12 „ caustic soda lye 77° Tw. or soda ash 8 „ hydrosulphite cone, powder 3 „ Turkey-red oil or the like per 10 gallons liquor. XXXVII Medium Blue: l}41bs Hydron Blue R Paste 20% 1 lb Hydron Blue G Paste 20% 1*4 lbs sodium sulphide crystals I per 10 gallons 1 lb caustic soda lye 77° Tw. or soda ash liquor. 8 oz hydrosulphite cone, powder 3 „ Turkey-red oil or the like Feeding Liquor: 4 lbs Hydron Blue R Paste 20% 214 „ Hydron Blue G Paste 20% 2 „ sodium sulphide crystals I per 10 gallons 1 „ caustic soda lye 77° Tw. or soda ash liquor. 114 „ hydrosulphite cone, powder 3 oz Turkey-red oil or the like Dark Blue: 5 lbs Hydron Blue R Paste 20% 2 „ sodium sulphide crystals 114 „ caustic soda lye 77° Tw. or soda ash 1 lb hydrosulphite cone, powder 3 oz Turkey-red oil or the like per 10 gallons liquor. Feeding Liquor: 15 lbs Hydron Blue R Paste 20% 214 „ sodium sulphide crystals 2 „ caustic soda lye 77° Tw. or soda ash 214 „ hydrosulphite cone, powder 3 oz Turkey-red oil or the like per 10 gallons liquor. DYEING OF MERCERISED FABRICS. The method of dyeing and the ingredients are the same as indi- cated for ordinary piece-goods, the quantity of dyestuff only being reduced by about one-fourth, while that of hydrosulphite is if any- thing increased; further, some Turkey-red oil or monosolvol should be added to the dyebath. XXXVIII DYEING OF LINEN AND HALF-LINEN FABRICS. Linen and half-linen fabrics are for preference dyed on the ordinary jigger as used for dyeing cotton, and fitted with squeezing rollers and oxidation arrangement; the sodium sulphide process is applied exclusively as yielding excellent results with regard to pene- tration of hard-twisted and tightly woven linen gods. The directions are exactly the same as indicated for cotton goods on page XXX — XXXII, only it is well to slightly increase the quantities of Turkey-red oil or monosolvol, and to boil somewhat longer than for cotton goods before adding the hydrosulphite. Special care has to be taken that the dyebath is always in a well reduced state. TREATMENT OF HYDRON BLUE AFTER THE DYEING. As a rule a special aftertreatment of the shades produced with Hydron Blue is not necessary, hut it must he made a point to give the dyeings a thorough hot rinsing or hot soaping finally. Other methods of aftertreatment are as follows: TREATMENT WITH PERBORATE. The aftertreatment vnth perborate comes into consideration for yarn , loose cotton , sliver, cops, cheeses, warps and piece-poods. Con- siderably brighter shades are thereby obtained possessing excellent fastness, like those which have not been aftertreated. The afterteatment is carried out for 20 to 30 minutes with 1 — 114 % perborate in a bath of about 60 — 80° C. (140 — 175° F.), after which the goods are again rinsed. The aftertreatment with a small quantity (about V? %) of perborate in a warm bath of only 30 — 40° C. (85 — 105° F.) is also in many cases applied in order to ensure a quicker oxidation, especially in machine-dyeing. XXXIX TREATMENT WITH BICHROME AND ACETIC ACID. This aftertreatment effects a quicker oxidation, and is applied especially when working in packing machines. To the cold or warm bath first 3 — 5 % acetic acid, then 2 — 3% bichrome are added, and allowed to act for 10 to 15 minutes. Hereupon the goods are thoroughly rinsed. TREATMENT WITH BICHROME AND BISULPHITE. By this treatment the same effect as with bichrome and acetic acid is produced, but the action is somewhat more vigorous. After the rinsing, % — 1 % bichrome is added to the cold or warm bath and allowed to act for some minutes, whereupon 3 — 6 oz bisulphite per 10 gallons to the same bath are added, the treatment being con- tinued for some minutes. Finally the goods are thoroughly rinsed. TREATMENT WITH BLUESTONE AND BICHROME. By an aftertreatment with 3% copper sulphate, 1% bichrome and 3 — 5% acetic acid the already excellent fastness to boiling and light is still somewhat enhanced. The treatment may be carried out in a warm or in a cold bath, an action of 5 to 15 minutes being sufficient. The dyed cotton is then thoroughly rinsed. COMBINATIONS OF HYDRON BLUE AND INDIGO. Indigo and Hydron Blue may be dyed together in one bath, it being however an advantage in such case to work at a somewhat lower temperature, viz. at about 40° C. (105° F.). It has moreover to be considered that 3 / 4 — 4 /s of the Indigo remains in the bath, where- as the greater portion of the Hydron Blue is taken up by the fibre. When using fairly large quantities of Indigo it is consequently best to bottom with Hydron Blue and to top in a fresh bath with Indigo. HYDRON BLUE ON AN IRON MORDANT. While it is possible to produce the greatest variety of light blue and dark blue shades following the above described methods, by dyeing direct, a very deep Copper Blue is sometimes demanded which XL is not obtainable by dyeing direct without using an excessive amount of dyestuff. By previously mordanting the cotton with iron salts and subsequent dyeing with Hydron Blue, however, very fine, full coppery blue shades may be obtained entirely equalling deep Indigo shades but by far excelling them in properties of fastness. The method of working is as follows: The boiled cotton ig treated for about 20 minutes with about 1 lb copperas per 10 gallons or with a solution of pyrolignite of iron or nitrate of iron of 2 — 4 0 Tw. in a cold bath, to which some acetic or formic acid is to advantage added. Cotton yarn is hereafter wrung off or whizzed, while piece-goods are squeezed off. Then the goods are entered into a lukewarm bath containing 1 — 1 Yt lbs soda ash per 10 gallons, and are treated for about 10 minutes. After rinsing thoroughly, the dyeing with Hydron Blue is carried out, to best advantage with soda lye or soda and hydrosulphite, according to the directions on page XXI. This method is applied particularly for yarns and piece-goods; for machine-dyeing it is not to be recommended. SADDENING OF HYDRON BLUE SHADES. For saddening Hydron Blue in order to obtain covered shades, Hydron Dark Blue G referred to further on is the best suited colouring matter. For this purpose Immedial Colours may however also be used, of which Immedial Black V extra, Immedial Brilliant Black 5BV cone., Immedial Carbon F, and Indo Carbon S are more parti- cularly adapted; these are dissolved in the customary manner with sodium sulphide, and may be added straightaway to the Hydron Blue bath. The dyeing is best carried out according to the sodium sulphide- hydrosulphite process, carbonate of soda being to advantage used for the purpose in the place of caustic soda. XU HYDRON VIOLET B AND R PASTE 20 o/ 0 AND 40 o/ 0 . HYDRON VIOLET B AND R POWDER. These are dyed according to the same Methods (a) and (b), pages XXI and XXII, and in the same kinds of vessels as Hydron Blue. When dyeing with sodium sulphide, a somewhat larger quantity of hydrosulphite than indicated for Hydron Blue should be used. For enhancing the brightness, the shades of Hydron Violet, after well rinsing, are aftertreated with perborate as indicated for Hydron Blue or are soaped boiling hot (4 — 8 oz soap per 10 gallons). The dissolving is done in exactly the same manner as described for Hydron Blue. HYDRON DARK BLUE G PASTE 20 o/ 0 AND 40 o/ 0 . HYDRON DARK BLUE G POWDER. Hydron Dark Blue G may be dyed with caustic soda and hydrosulphite or vith caustic soda, sodium sulphide and hydrosulphite, the quantity of caustic soda has however to be increased in the starting bath to about the same weight as that of dyestuff; in subsequent dyeing on old baths, one-half to three-quarters the weight of caustic soda as of dyestuff is fully sufficient. The dyeing directions for yarn, loose cotton, machine-dyeing and warp-dyeing, as well as for piece-goods are the same as stated for Hydron Blue. A special aftertreatment is not applied for Hvdron Dark Blue G. The dissolving is carried out in the same way as indicated for Hydron Blue. PRODUCTION OF A BLACK FAST TO CHLORINE WITH HYDRON BLUE OR HYDRON DARK BLUE G. It is very easy to produce a Black fast to chlorine with Hydron Blue or Hydron Dark Blue, by bottoming with the Hydron Colours mentioned and by topping hereafter with Aniline Black in a fresh bath. The process is suited in the first place for yarn or loose cotton. The bottoming is done with 15 — 20% Hydron Blue G or B Paste 20 % or Hydron Dark Blue G Paste 20 % according to Method (b) on page XXII. After rinsing thoroughly, the topping with Aniline Black is done as follows: VI XLII Charge the cold bath with 7% aniline salt 10% hydrochloric acid 32° Tw. and 5% sulphuric acid 168° Tw.; then add, 12% bichrome and 3% copper sulphate previously dissolved. Work for Yt hour in a cold hath which is heated gradually within an hour to 50 — 60° C. (120 — 140° F.), rinse, and soap boiling hot. HYDRON YELLOW G PASTE 20 o/ 0 . Hydron Yellow is best dyed with hydrosulphite and caustic soda lye, according to the following directions: Dissolving : The dyestuff is made into an even paste with about ten times its weight of water, either cold or at 30 — 40° C. (85 — 105° F.) at the most, as free from lime as possible, then the requisite quantity of caustic soda is added, and the hydrosulphite strewn in gradually whilst agitating. After allowing the solution to stand for about ten minutes, the dyestuff is reduced, and dissolved. The solution is best passed through a fine sieve into the bath charged previously with a small quantity of hydrosulphite and caustic soda lye. Cotton Yarn. Dye in an ordinary wooden vat provided with squeezing rollers in a volume of water 20 to 25 times the weight of the goods to be dyed, to best advantage on bent sticks. Charge the bath according to the depth of shade required as follows: For 100 lbs Cotton Yarn. Hydron Yellow G Paste 20% Hydrosulphite cone, powder Caustic soda lye 77° Tw. Common salt or desiccated Glauber’s salt Starting Bath: 4 — 30 lbs 4—10 „ 4—24 „ Additions for Subsequent Lots: 2 — 20 lbs 2 — 8 2—10 14— 3 5? ) per 10 gall. ~ / liquor. Dye for Vi to 1 hour in a cold to lukewarm bath, then squeeze off, wring off, expose to the air for 1 to 2 hours, and rinse. Loose Cotton. The quantities for the starting and subsequent baths are the same as indicated for cotton yarn. The cotton is boiled or wetted in boiling hot water, then dyed for Yi to 1 hour in a XLIII lukewarm bath, thrown into baskets, if possible whizzed, and hereafter left lying for some time exposed to the air in order to oxidise, and rinsed. Piece-Goods. The dyeing is best done in a jigger provided with squeezing rollers and arrangements for oxidising. Light to medium shades are to advantage padded in the padding machine. a) Dyeing in the Jigger. The dyebath is charged with caustic soda lye and hydrosulphite as well as with common salt or Glauber’s salt and the requisite quantities of dyestuff, according to the general directions given for cotton yarn. It is advisable to add to this bath 1 % — 3 oz Turkey-red oil or monosolvol per 10 gallons liquor. Example for Dyeing a Medium Yellow Shade in the Jigger. 100 lbs of goods 60 gallons Additions for Starting Bath: Subsequent Lots Hvdron Yellow G Paste 20% 20 lbs 13 lbs Hydrosulphite c-onc. powder 7 „ 4 K „ Caustic soda lye 77° Tw. Common salt or desiccated 15 7 „ Glauber’s salt 12 „ 3 „ Turkey-red oil or the like IK „ K lb The goods, after being prepared for the dyeing and well freed from size, are given 6 to 8 passages in a cold to lukewarm bath. One-half of the ingredients is added on commencing to dye, the other half after the first passage. The dyebath and the goods should assume an entirely brown appearance during the dyeing; if the selvedges begin to get yellow, some hydrosulphite should be added. When the dyeing is completed, the goods are pressed off evenly, and passed over guiding rollers in order to oxidise, then rinsed cold to hot, and finally soaped hot, if necessary. b) Padding in the Padding Machine. The goods, after being freed well from size and dried, are passed at about 30° C. (85° F.) through the customary small padding trough, which, depending on the shade desired, is charged with 1—4 Vi — IK 1—214 Yi — 3 1 Yi — 3 lbs Hvdron Yellow G Paste 20% „ hvdrosulphite cone, powder „ caustic soda lye 77° Tw. „ common salt or desiccated Glauber’s salt oz Turkey-red oil or the like per 10 gallons liquor. VI* XLIV The dyeliquor prepared according to the shade desired should during the dyeing flow continuously into the padding trough from a vessel placed at a higher level. The subsequent treatment is the same as given for dyeing in the jigger. Machine-Dyeing. For 100 lbs material and 120 — 160 gallons liquor, the baths are charged according to the depth of shade as follows: Additions for Starting Bath: Subsequent Lots: Hydron Yellow G Paste 20% Hydrosulphite cone, powder Caustic soda lye 77° Tw. Common salt or desiccated Glauber’s salt 4—26 lbs 3—20 lbs 4— 9 99 3— 8 99 4—20 99 3—10 99 6—40 99 0— 5 99 After wetting out the material well, dye for 14 to % hour in a cold to lukewarm bath with the above ingredients. When the dyeing is complete, draw the liquor off by suction or press it off as well as possible, then oxidise for a short time, and rinse. Goods dyed by the packing system are to advantage left exposed to the air or given a proper airing after the rinsing and whizzing in order to oxidise. The like effect may be obtained by treating in a warm bath with 14—1% perborate. AFTERTREATMENT OF HYDRON YELLOW. A redder and brighter shade may be obtained by aftertreating the dyed shades with a solution of hypochlorite of soda. Treat for about half-an-hour with hypochlorite of soda of 3 A° Tw., and rinse thoroughly. COMBINATIONS OF HYDRON YELLOW AND HYDRON BLUE FOR GREEN SHADES. Hydron Yellow and Hydron Blue may be dyed together in one bath for the production of green shades. Care has to be taken that the temperature of the bath does not exceed 40° C. (105° F.), and in the same way as when dyeing yellow, some salt should be added in the case of deep shades in order to make the yellow go better on to the fibre. When using a fairly large proportion of Hydron Blue, it is better to bottom with Hydron Blue in the customary manner and to top with Hydron Yellow in a second, cold bath. XLV HYDRON OLIVE G AND B PASTE 40 o/ 0 . HYDRON OLIVE G AND B POWDER. Hydron Olive G and B are dyed best with hydrosulphite and caustic soda lye. The powder product is dissolved by stirring with about one- half its weight of cold water, as free from lime as possible which is poured over the powder until a uniform paste is formed, which results in the course of a few minutes, this result being accelerated with the help of a slight addition of methylated spirits. The paste is then diluted with about ten times its weight of warm water and reduced by adding the quantities of hydrosulphite and caustic soda requisite for the dyeing whilst heating to 50 — 60° C. (120 — 140° F.). The reduction takes place in a few minutes, the vat obtained having a bluish green colour. The paste product is stirred up with water and reduced in the same way. Cotton Yarn. Dye in about 20 to 25 times the weight of water, in ordinary wooden vats fitted with squeezing rollers, to best advan- tage on bent rods. Depending on the depth of the shade to be dyed,' charge the bath as follows: For 100 lbs cotton yarn: Addition for Starting Bath: Subsequent Lots: Hydron Olive G or B Powder 1 — 10 lbs K — 6 lbs Hydrosulphite cone, powder 5 — 20 „ 4 — 12 „ Caustic soda lye ?7° Tw. 10 — 40 „ 6 — 24 „ Add the dyestuff solution prepared as above to the bath at 50 — 60° C. (120 — 140° F.) charged with a little caustic soda lye and hydrosulphite, stir, and dye for 14 to 1 hour at a temperature of 50 — 60° C. (120 — 140° F.), squeeze off, and rinse. If the bath turns brownish, some hydrosulphite and, if required, some caustic soda lye should be added. Loose Cotton. The quantities for the starting bath and additions for subsequent lots are the same as for cotton yarn. The cotton is to best advantage wetted in a boiling hot bath previous to the dyeing, then dyed at 50 —60° C. (120 — 140° F.) for % to 1 hour, thrown into baskets, whizzed if necessary, and finally rinsed. Piece-Goods. Cotton piece-goods are dyed to best advantage in the ordinary jigger provided with squeezing rollers, or in a padding machine with a large trough; light to medium shades may also be produced by padding. XLVI a) Dyeing in the Jigger. The dyebath brought to a temper- ature of about 50° C. (120° F.) is charged with the requisite dyestuff made to an even paste with water and with 1 % — 2 lbs caustic soda lye 77° Tw. per 10 gallons liquor, depending on the depth of the shade to he dyed, as well as with hydrosulphite cone, powder 2 to 2K> times the weight of the dyestuff in powder form, or, in the case of light shades, 3 to 4 times the weight of the dyestuff. For the dyeing of subsequent lots on the old hath, about one- half to two-thirds of the quantities of dyestuff and of hydrosulphite required for the starting hath are necessary for deep shades, or about two-thirds to three-quarters of those quantities for medium shades; for light shades the baths are exhausted, so if a fresh bath is not preferred, the same quantities of dyestuff and of hydro- sulphite as for the starting bath are added. The quantity of caustic soda lye on the old baths may be reduced to % — 1 lb per 10 gallons liquor according to the depth of shade. For goods difficult to penetrate, an addition per 10 gallons liquor of 1 Yi — 3 oz monosolvol or the like is to be recommended. The dyeing is done by giving 6 to 10 passages at about 50° C. (120° F.), whereupon the goods are squeezed off, and straightaway rinsed. Example for the Dyeing of a Full Olive Shade in the Jigger: 100 lbs of goods 60 gallons liquor Additions for Starting Bath: Subsequent Lots: Hvdron Olive G or B Powder Hydrosulphite cone, powder Caustic soda lye 77° Tav. Turkev-red oil or the like 5 lbs 12 V* „ 1 1 / 5 gallons Vs pint 3 lbs 7 Vs 2 Vs quarts Ve pint. The goods prepared for dyeing are given 6 to 10 passages at about 50° C. (120° F.), then squeezed off, and rinsed in an adjacent jigger from cold to hot. Care should be taken that dyebath as well as goods have a completely greenish appearance during the dyeing; if the bath and the goods, or the selvedges, commence turning brownish, some hydrosulphite as well as some caustic soda lye should he added. b) Padding in the Padding Machine. The goods, after having previously been freed from size and dried, are passed at about 50° C. (120° F.) through the customary small padding trough charged according to the depth of shade with XLVII 3 oz — 1/4 lbs Hydron Olive G or B Powder 12 oz — 2 Yi „ Hydrosulphite eonc. powder per 10 gallons 2 lbs — 2H „ Caustic soda lye 77° Tw. liquor. 1 y 2 oz — 3 oz Turkey-red oil or the like The dye-liquor, prepared according to the shade required, flows continually from a vessel placed on a higher level into the padding trough during the dyeing. After the dyeing, rinse, first cold and then hot. Macliine-Dyeing. For 100 lbs goods per 120 to 160 gallons liquor, charge the baths, according to the required depth of shade, as follows: Starting Bath: Hydron Olive G or B Powder 1 — 10 lbs Hydrosulphite cone, powder 5 — 25 „ Caustic soda lye 77° Tw. 10 — 40 ” Additions for Subsequent Lots: % — 6 lbs 4—15 6—24 5? Before the dyeing, the material is wetted boiling hot for 20 to 30 minutes, and then rinsed cold. The bath is heated to 50 — 60° C. (120 — 140° F.), and the dyestuff made to an even paste and reduced in the above described manner is added to the dyebath charged with a little hydrosulphite and caustic soda lye, the goods being dyed for Yi to % hour at 50 — 60° C. (120 — 140° F.). After the dyeing, the liquor is drawn off as thoroughly as possible by suction, whereupon the goods are rinsed. COMBINATION OF HYDRON OLIVE AND HYDRON YELLOW etc. Hydron Olive may be dyed together with other Hydron Colours and Vat Colours in one bath, the dyestuffs being to best advantage reduced and dissolved separately with the quantities of hydrosulphite and caustic soda lye prescribed for each case. In the case of combinations with Hydron Yellow, care should be taken that the temperature does not exceed about 40° C. (105° F.), at which temperature Hydron Olive also goes well on to the fibre. For large quantities of Hydron Yellow, some common salt or desiccated Glaubers’s salt should also be added according to the directions on pages XLII to XLIV. Combinations with Hydron Blue are dyed at 50—60° C. (120— 140°F.). XLVIII BLEACHING OF PIECE-GOODS CONTAINING EFFECT THREADS DYED WITH HYDRON COLOURS. For some kinds of goods, especially shirtings, the undyed yarn is woven up with coloured yarn, the ready fabric being then bleached. It is a well-known fact that only very few dyestuffs withstand this operation, and even with these few, special care has to be taken in the bleaching process. Pieces containing yarn dyed with Hydron Colours are treated as follows: Boil the pieces for about one hour in the jigger with 4 — 8 oz Turkey-red oil or monosol vol per 10 gallons liquor, rinse, then bleach for a few hours with sodium hypochlorite of 3 A — 1° Tw., rinse, acidify, and rinse once more thoroughly. Hereafter prepare a fresh bath containing — \Yt oz sodium bisulphite per 10 gallons liquor, allowing the same to act for 15 to 20 minutes on the goods, then rinse again very thoroughly, and finally soap lukewarm. The following Hydron Colours are adapted for a treatment of this kind: Hydron Blue Hydron Violet Hydron Dark Blue Hydron Yellow all brands. Sodium hypochlorite is prepared as follows: 100 lbs of chloride of lime 33% are mixed to a paste with 40 gallons of cold water, and 60 lbs of soda ash are dissolved in 20 gallons of boiling water and diluted with 10 gallons of cold water. The soda solution is added to the paste of chloride of lime, and the mixture stirred for Vi hour, and allowed to settle overnight. The clear solution is drawn off and the precipitate washed 4 or 5 times with cold water, the wash water being used to dilute the solution to about 150 gallons of 6 — 7° Tw. It may be freed entirely from lime by the addition of 1 — 2 lbs soda ash, which precipitates the remainder of the lime as carbonate of lime. The solution reacts slightly alkaline. IL DETERMINATION OF THE FASTNESS. The determination of the relative fastness of the shades pro- duced with the various dyestuffs has been carried out with every care on the basis of comparative tests, hut in view of the diversity of the requirements, it is advisable in special cases to resort to controlling tests. The degrees of fastness have been classified by figures as far as this i^ possible. In the same way as in our earlier publications, the fastness to light of Indigo has been taken as a basis, which is designated as "IV”, so that fastness to light superior to that of Indigo is designated as “V" and a still higher degree of fastness to light as “VI”. The figure “I” is equivalent to the fastness to light of Congo Eed. The figure “V” is fixed to represent a degree of fastness to hot pressing of shades resisting a prolonged hot pressing with a very hot iron; a shade which on the other hand is altered very much during this test and returns very slowly or not at all is designated as THE COTTON COLOURS WITH ACCOMPANYING DYEINGS AND INFORMATION REGARDING THEIR PROPERTIES. A. Diamine Colours. I. Diamine Colours Dyed Direct. II. Diamine Colours Aftertreated with Metallic Salts. III. Diamine Colours Aftertreated with Formaldehyde. IV. Diamine Colours Diazotised and Developed. V. Diamine Colours Coupled. B. Basic Colours. C. Paranitraniline Red, Isamine Blue and Acid Colours. D. Immedial Colours. E. Hydron Colours. I. DIAMINE COLOURS DYED DIRECT. DIAMINE COLOUR Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastrn to Aci Cross-Dj Thioflavine S %% 2% White cotton is not stained by light shades, and somewhat by deep shades. The shade is but slightly altered by acetic acid 50 °/o. Oxy Diamine Yellow GG y 2 % 2% Behaves similarly to Thioflavine S. Same as Thioflavine S. Oxy Diamine Yellow TZ %% 2 % Behaves similarly to Thioflavine S. Same as Thioflavine S. Oxy Diamine Yellow CR y 2 % 2% Behaves similarly to Thioflavine S. n. The shade is not altered by acetic acid 50°/o, and hardly by diluted hydrochloric acid. Diamine Fast Yellow 3G y 2 % 2% Behaves similarly to Thioflavine S. IV. The shade is not perceptibly altered by acetic acid 50 °/o. Diamine Yellow N Powder y 2 % 2% Behaves similarly to Thioflavine S. IV. Same as Diamine Fast Yellow 3G. DYED DIRECT. 3 'astness ) Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness' to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldite iving alters ■ shade but -y slightly, e original ie returning er washing. Remarks IV. Does not change in a solution of chloride of lime within 5 to 6 hours. Not dischargeable. May serve as an addition to Yellow Discharges. Is used as a bright Lemon Yellow for the production of pure yellow and light green shades, also for shading in general. Thioflavine S resists discharging agents very well, and therefore finds a special application for the production of coloured discharges. Resists stoving ery well. Ill— IV Same as Thioflavine S. Serves the same purposes as Thioflavine S in dyeing, but its shade is not quite so bright a greenish yellow; the dyeings work out cheaper when produced with Oxy Diamine Yellow GG. >ame as y Diamine ?liow GG. ; same as if Diamine pilow GG. Good, he shade > *r washing I ars hardly faltered. in— IV. IV— V. IV. Same as Thioflavine S. Very easily dischargeable. Very easily dischargeable. Behaves exactly like Oxy Diamine Yellow GG, only yielding somewhat brighter, more greenish shades. Possesses a strong yellow tint, and comes into consideration specially for yellow mode and bronze shades in dyeing hanks and hosiery goods. Also for shading dis- chargeable dyeings Oxy Diamine Yellow CR is very well suited. Comes into consideration for bright yellow shades and combinations in cases where good fastness to light is demanded. Also well suited for the discharge style. Resists Hoving i ery well. Ill— IV. Very easily dischargeable. Is chiefly used for light cream shades, but stands back against the more readily soluble Diamine Fast Yellows A, B and FF. Diamine Yellow N is used particularly for the discharge style, as it is very easily dischargeable both with Hyraldite and tin crystals. 1 4 DIAMINE COLOUF Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastm to Ac Cross-Dj i Diamine Fast Yellow B y 2 % 2% Diamine Fast Yellow FF pat. %% 2 % Both brands as well as the subsequently mentioned Diamine Fast Yellow brands range amongst the direct dyestuffs of best fastness to washing. White cotton is not stained by light shades and but slightly by medium and deep shades. IV— V. The shade is not altered either by strong acetic acid, or by diluted hydrochloric acid. IV— V. Same as Diamine Fast Yellow B. Diamine Fast Yellow M %% 2% Somewhat inferior to Diamine Fast Yellow B. IV— V. Same as Diamine Fast Yellow B. Diamine Fast Yellow A y 2 % 2% Still better than Diamine Fast Yellow B. Deep shades even hardly stain white cotton. Ill— IV. The shade is not perceptibly altered by acetic acid 500/o. 11 Diamine Fast Yellow AGG %% 2 % Same as Diamine Fast Yellow A. in— IV. Same as Diamine Fast Yellow B. 12 Diamine Gold y 2 % 2% The shades rather lose in depth; white cotton is stained also by lighter shades. IV— V. The shade is not perceptibly altered by acetic acid 50 o/o. tel DYED DIRECT. 5 Fastness Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness Discharges to Chloring with Hyraldite Remarks Good, he shade, er washing. >ears hardly altered. V. The shade is not changed when treated for some length of time in a 2®/o chloride of lime solution. White cotton is stained somewhat. Not dischargeable. May serve as an addition to Yellow Discharges. Dissolves readily with a clear solution, possesses good fastness to washing and excellent fastness to light and also otherwise very excellent properties of fastness. As Diamine Fast Yellow B moreover levels very v>ell, it is of excellent service for self shades and particularly as a yellow element for compound shades. Diamine Fast Yellow B may serve for the shading of dyeings to he diazotised. aftertreated or coupled, as it is not altered by any of these processes. Same as imine Fast eilow B. IV— V. Same as Diamine Fast Yellow B. Same as Diamine Fast 1 Yellow B. Is of a purer and brighter shade than Diamine Fast Yellow B, but otherwise possesses the same properties. Diamine Fast Yellow FR is another brand, equalling this product in its properties, but being cheaper. ame as mine Fast eilow B. IV— V. — The principal value of Diamine Fast Yellow M consists in the brightness and full yellow tint of its shade. ame as >nine Fast Ullow B. IV. Behaves like Diamine Fast Yellow B. White cotton is but slightly stained. In fastness to light, Diamine Fast Yellow A does not quite come up to the chief brand “ B ”, but on the other hand it rather sur- passes same in fastness to washing. Diamine Fast Yellow AR is another brand, possessing the same pro- perties, but being somewhat redder. nilar to >!iine Fast '• )w B, not u so good. IV— V. Same as Diamine Fast Yellow B. — In its properties similar to Diamine Fast Yellow A. Comes into consideration chiefly for lemon yellow shades. 01 me as tine Fast How B. IV— V. Diamine Gold is to be recommended only for pale and bright shades, whilst the various Diamine Fast Yellow brands are to be given the preference as yellow elements for compound shades. 6 DIAMINE COLOURS Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing Diamine Yellow CP 5 % 2% The shade loses in depth on washing. jWhite cotton is ! stained even | by light shades. IV— V. The shade is rendered brown when spotted with acetic acid 50°/o. Diamine Orange G 1% 3% Same as Diamine Fast Yellow A (page 4). Light shades do not stain white cotton and deep shades scarcely. The shade is not altered by acetic acid III— IV. 50°/o. Dilute hydrochloric acid renders it somewhat duller. Diamine Orange D 1 % Approaching Diamine Fast Yellow A and Diamine Orange G very closely. III. The shade is not altered by acetic acid 50 °/o. Diamine Orange B 1% 3% White cotton is but slightly stained by light shades, and somewhat more so by deep shades. I— II. The shade is not altered either by acetic acid 50% or by dilute hydrochloric acid. Oxy Diamine Orange G 1 % 3% White cotton is not stained by light shades, and somewhat by deep shades. i— it. The shade is hardly altered by acetic acid 50 o/o. 18 Oxy Diamine Orange R Same as Oxy Diamine Orange G. The shade is rendered brown by acetic acid 50%. DYED DIRECT. 7 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldite Remarks Resists stoving very well. The shade after rinsing appears scarcely altered. IV. In ligth shades easily dischargeable. Diamine Yellow CP serves principally for the production of golden yellow shades, and is distinguished by its very good fastness to light. On account of its particularly bright shade it is also frequently used for the production of olive and bronze shades, for which a strong yellow cast is desired. Further brands possessing the same properties: Diamine Yellow CPO, CPI and CPII. The shade resists stoving very well. IV. Applicable for coloured discharging. Light shades may also be discharged white. A yellowish Orange, particularly well suited for shading as well as for padding light cream shades, as it yields clear solutions, is not sensitive to copper, and possesses good fastness to washing and light. Same as Diamine Orange G. III. — Same as Diamine Orange G. Behaves like Diamine Orange G, but dyes a more reddish shade, and is frequently used for dyeing orange self shades, as well as for shading purposes. Same as Diamine Orange G. V. — — Diamine Orange B is not so much used for direct shades; more important is its application for the production of yellowish browns fast to washing and light, by aftertreating the dyeings with copper sulphate and bichrome. Good. The shade after washing appears hardly altered. V. — — Oxydiamine Orange G dyed direct yields very bright Oranges, and is used particu- larly in yarn and hosiery dyeing for the production of the so-called leather shades. The product is also well suited for coupling, and yields with Nitrazol C reddish browns of good fastness to washing and milling. Same as Oxy Diamine Orange G. V. — — Behaves like Oxy Diamine Orange G, dyeing however a more reddish shade; the coupled dyeings are brighter and faster to milling than those of Oxy Diamine Orange G. 8 DIAMINE COLOURS Name of Dyestuff 19 Diamine Orange F In light shades good, bleeding but slightly; deep shades stain white cotton. Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing II. The shade is hardly altered by acetic acid 50 %. 20 Diamine Fast Orange EG pat. Same as Diamine Orange F. IV— V. The shade is not altered by acetic acid 50 o/o. 21 Diamine Fast Orange ER pat. Same as Diamine Orange F. IV. Same as Diamine Fast Orange EG. Diamine Fast Brown G pat. Same as Diamine Orange F. IV. Same as Diamine Fast Orange EG. 23 Diamine Fast Brown R pat. 1% 3% Same as Diamine Orange F. in— IV. Same as Diamine Fast Orange EG. Diamine Fast Brown GB pat. 1% 3% Same as Diamine Orange F. in. The shade is not altered by acetic acid 50°/o, and hardly by dilute hydrochloric acid. DYED DIRECT. Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldite Remarks The shade resists normal stoving very well. IV. — 1 Easily dischargeable in light shades, more difficultly in deep shades. Diamine Orange F is employed for similar purposes as Diamine Orange G and D, but dyes a redder shade than same. Same as Diamine Orange F. 111. — Easily dischargeable in light shades; medium and deep shades are better suited for coloured discharging. The two Diamine Fast Orange brands offer the advantage of yielding colours of very good fastness to light, and both are extensively used for the production of orange and yelloivish brown shades, as also for shading. Same as Diamine Orange F. II— III. — Same as Diamine Fast Orange EG. Same as Diamine Orange F. II. Same as Diamine Fast Orange EG. The Diamine Fast Brown brands possess the same properties as the Diamine Fast Orange brands, and like the latter serve for the production of Browns fast to light and for shading bronze and mode shades. Same as Diamine Orange F. II. Same as Diamine Fast Orange EG. Same as Diamine Orange F. II— III. — — 10 DIAMINE COLOURS Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing Diamine Brown 2G In light shades of good fastness to washing, bleeding slightly; deep shades stain white cotton. I— II. The shade is not altered by acetic acid 50 %. 26 Diamine Brown 3G Same as Diamine Brown 2G. n. The shade is not altered either by acetic acid or by dilute hydrochloric acid. Diamine Brown 5G 1% 3% Same as Diamine Brown 2G. II. The shade is but very slightly altered by acetic acid 50 hich yields the most bluish shades of this series. Similar products, viz: Diamine Fast Scarlet GFF >> n t> (rS „ » >, gBFS „ „ „ 7 BFF „ „ „ 8BF „ „ „ ioBF „ „ „ 6BGN are also in the market. Same as Diamine Fast Scarlet GG. IV. — Same as Diamine Fast Scarlet GG. Same as Diamine Fast Scarlet GG. III. — Same as Diamine P ast Scarlet GG. Same as Diamine Fast Scarlet GG. III. — Same as Diamine Fast Scarlet GG. Same as Diamine Fast Scarlet GG. Ill— IV. | Easily dischargeable. Somewhat brighter in shade than the HBF brand, but somewhat inferior to the same in fastness to acids. Same as Diamine Fast Scarlet GG. I— II. — Same as Diamine Fast Scarlet GG. Yields claret shades of special fastness to light, and ranges with the best dyestuffs as regards fastness to light. It is very well suited for the production of red and claret shades, and also for shading. 4 * 28 DIAMINE COLOURS Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing Diamine Bordeaux B 1% 3% Same as Diamine Red 4B (page 22). II— III. The change effected by acetic acid is similar to that in the case of Diamine Red 4B. Diamine Bordeaux S 1% 3% Approximately as good as Diamine Bordeaux B. II. Considerably better than Diamine Bordeaux B, but the shade is changed to some extent by acetic acid 50 o/o. Diamine Bordeaux VRO 1% 3% Same as Diamine Bordeaux S. I— II. Only slightly better than Diamine Bordeaux B. Diamine Brilliant Bordeaux R 1% Same as Diamine Bordeaux S. n— in. The shade is scarcely altered by acetic acid 50 o/o. 83 Diamine Brilliant Rubine S pat. 1% 3% Same as Diamine Bordeaux S. ii. The shade is not altered by acetic acid 50 o/o. 84 Diamine Rubine 011 660 J pat. 1 % 3 % Same as Diamine Bordeaux S. I— II. Same as Diamine Bordeaux B. DYED DIRECT, 29 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldite Remarks Not fast to stoving. III— IV. — Ersily dischargeable. Extensively used for the production of deep claret, prune and puce shades of relatively good fastness to washing, light and hot pressing. The shade withstands Qornial stoving very well. I. — Easily dischargeable, but not quite so easily as Diamine Bordeaux B. Used for similar purposes as Diamine Bordeaux B, surpassing the latter in regard to fastness to acids, stoving and per- spiration. The shade is altered by stoving, returning however after washing. III. — Same as Diamine Bordeaux S. Used chiefly for cheap claret shades. Same as Diamine •ordeaux VRO. IV. — Same as Diamine Bordeaux S. Equal to Diamine Bordeaux B in fastness to light, but superior to the same in fast- ness to acids and perspiration. The product serves for the production of claret shades fast to acids, and for the shading of the various Diamine Fast Scarlets. Same as Diamine Bordeaux S. IV— V. — Same as Diamine Bordeaux S. Corresponds with Diamine Brilliant Bordeaux R, but is brighter and purer in shade. Not fast to stoving. 11 . Same as Diamine Bordeaux S. Used for the same purposes as Diamine Violet Red, viz. for cheap and bright claret, puce and ruby shades. DIAMINE COLOURS Name of Dyestuff 85 Diamine Violet N 3% 86 Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids In light shades good, but bleeding slightly; deep shades stain white cotton rather more. ii— in. The shade is rendered a trace more reddish by acetic acid 50 o/o. Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing Diamine Fast Violet BBN 0.75% Same as Diamine Violet N. Diamine Fast Violet FFBN pat. 0.75% 2% Not quite equal to Diamine Fast Violet BBN. Ill— IV. The shade is hardly perceptibly altered by acetic acid 50 o/o. Ill— IV Same as Diamine Fast Violet BBN. 88 Diamine Fast Violet FFRN pat. 0.75% 2% Same as Diamine Fast Violet FFBN. Ill— IV. Same as Diamine Fast Violet BBN. Diamine Brilliant Violet B 0.75% 2% Same as Diamine Fast Violet FFBN. I— II. The shade is rendered a trace more reddish by acetic acid 50°/o. 90 Diamine Brilliant Violet RR 0.75% 2% Same as Diamine Fast Violet FFBN. i— ii. The shade is not altered by acetic acid 50 o/o. DYED DIRECT 31 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldite Remarks The shade withstands ordinary toving fairly well. V. — Very easily dischargeable. Diamine Violet N possesses the advantage of very good fastness to hot pressing and to heat. Extensively used for the production of pure violets and heliotropes, and frequently also for shading. Similar brands: Diamine Violet RB and the more bluish Diamine Violet BB. Vfter rinsing, toved shades ippear hardly altered. I. — Dischargeable in light shades. The Diamine Fast Violet brands are distinguished by their very good fastness to light. Same as Mamine Fast Violet BBX. I. The shade withstands a short, light chloring. Same as Diamine Fast Violet BBX. Same as .amine Violet N. I. Same as Diamine Fast Violet FFBN. Same as Diamine Fast Violet BBX. fter rinsing, oved shades >pear hardly altered. I. Same as Diamine Fast Violet FFBN. Same as Diamine Fast Violet BBN. Come into consideration chiefly for very bright violet shades. Same as Diamine Brilliant Violet B. I. Same as Diamine Fast Violet FFBN. Same as Diamine Fast Violet BBN. 32 DIAMINE COLOURS Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing Oxy Diamine Violet B In light shades good, bleeding but slightly; deep shades stain white cotton some- what more. II. The shade is very slightly altered by acetic acid 50°/o. Oxy Diamine Violet BF Somewhat superior in this respect to the “B” brand. Light shades hardly bleed in the washing, dark ones somewhat more so. ii. The shade is rendered a little more bluish by acetic acid 50%. 93 Oxy Diamine Violet G 1% 3% Same as Oxy Diamine Violet B II. The shade is rendered more bluish by acetic acid 50°/o. Diamine Heliotrope B Same as Oxy Diamine Violet B. ii. Diamine Heliotrope 0 pat. 96 Diamine Heliotrope G pat. 1% 3% Same as Oxy Diamine Violet BF. ii. The shade is hardly altered by acetic acid 50°/o. DYED DIRECT 33 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chlorlng Discharges with Hyraldite Remarks The shade when washed after stoving is hardly altered. I. — Easily dischargeable. Used principally for cheap violet, puce and prune shades, and suitable for shading developing and coupling colours, its shade and fastness not being affected by these treatments. Same as Oxy Diamine Violet B. I. — Same as Oxy Diamine Violet B. Superior to Oxy Diamine Violet B in fastness to washing and yielding very bright and deep shades of Violet. By way of diazotising and developing with Beta Naphtol, deep shades of blue are obtained of very good fastness to washing. Same as Oxy Diamine Violet B. I. — Same as Oxy Diamine Violet B. More reddish in shade than Oxy Diamine Violet B, and applied similarly. A further brand: Oxy Diamine Violet It. Same as Oxy Diamine Violet B. I. Dischargeable only in light shades. Superior in brightness of shade to the Oxy Diamine Violets, and used for the production of bright violet and claret shades; it is the bluest violet of this series. By diazotising and developing with Beta Naphtol, navy blues are obtained which are fast to washing and acids. | The shade i when washed i after stoving I. — Same as Diamine Heliotrope B. Distinguished from Diamine Heliotrope B by its more reddish shade. i appears but | slightly more bluish. 1 I. — Same as Diamine Heliotrope B. Somewhat superior in fastness to washing to Diamine Heliotrope B and O. 5 34 DIAMINE COLOURS Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing Diamine Sky Blue 2% White cotton is stained but slightly by light shades and some- what more by deep shades. i— it. The shade is not altered by acetic acid 50% or dilute hydrochloric acid. 98 Diamine Sky Blue FF Va% 2% Same as Diamine Sky Blue. I— II. Same as Diamine Sky Blue. Diamine Blue RW 1% 3% Same as Diamine Sky Blue. Same as Diamine Sky Blue. Diamine Blue 3B 1 % 3% Same as Diamine Sky Blue. I— II. The shade is not altered by acetic acid 50% and hardly perceptibly by hydrochloric acid. 101 Diamine Blue 2B 1% 3% 102 Diamine Blue BX 1% 3% Same as Diamine Sky Blue. I— II. Same as Diamine Blue 3B. Same as Diamine Sky Blue. i— ii. Same as Diamine Blue 3B. DYED DIRECT. 35 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldite Remarks The shade resists normal stoving very well. IV. Easily dischargeable. Used very extensively owing to its pure and bright shade for all kinds of cotton goods; it is applied particularly also for padding. Another similar brand: Diamine Pure Blue A. Same as Diamine Sky Blue. IV. Easily dischargeable. Used like Diamine Sky Blue, which it excels in brightness of shade. By aftertreating with copper sulphate, greenish blues of very good fastness to light are obtained. Similar dyestuffs: Diamine Sky Blue FFN and FFS. Same as Diamine Sky Blue. Ill— IV. — Easily dischargeable. The direct shades of Diamine Blue RW are distinguished for their particular brightness. By aftertreating with copper sulphate, shades of very good fastness to light are obtained. Same as Diamine Sky Blue. Ill— TV. — Easily dischargeable. These two products come into consideration particularly for the dyeing of light and medium shades of blue. Same as Diamine Sky Blue. Ill— IV. — Easily dischargeable. Same as Diamine Sky Blue. m. Easily dischargeable. Diamine Blue BX is one of the most extensively used brands of Diamine Blue. It serves both for navy blue shades, and in combination with the various Diamine Black brands for the production of cheap dark blues. Other similar brands: Diamine Blue BG and OG, the latter being the most greenish product of the Diamine Blue series. 5 * DIAMINE COLOURS Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Aelds Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing 103 Diamine Blue 3R 1% 3% White cotton is stained but slightly by light shades, and more so by deep ones. I— II. The shade is not altered by acetic acid 50% or dilute hydrochloric acid. 104 Diamine Brilliant Blue G 1% 3% Same as Diamine Blue 3R. I— II. Same as Diamine Blue 3R. 105 Oxy Diamine Blue 5G 1% 3% Somewhat superior to Diamine Blue 3R. i— ii. Same as Diamine Blue 3R. 106 Oxy Diamine Blue G Same as Diamine Blue 3R. Same as Diamine Blue 3R. 107 Oxy Diamine Blue PG 1% Same as Diamine Blue 3R. II. Same as Diamine Blue 3R. Oxy Diamine Blue PB Same as Diamine Blue 3R. I— II. Same as Diamine Blue 3R. DYED DIRECT 37 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldite Remarks The shade withstands normal storing very well, thereby becoming brighter. I. — Easily dischargeable. Diamine Blue SR is the reddest brand of the Diamine Blues, and suited principally for the production of deep blue shades of a coppery tone. Aftertreated with copper sulphate, the shade becomes more violet and very fast to light. Diamine Blue AZ is a similar brand and Diamine Blue NC another, more bluish one. Same as Diamine Blue 3R. III. — Easily dischargeable. Diamine Brilliant Blue G is equally as bright in shade as Diamine Blue RW, but yields a more violetish blue, and is some- what faster to light. Extensively used on hanks and pieces in direct dyeing as tvell as aftertreated with copper sulphate for the production of blue and navy blue shades. Same as Diamine Blue 3R. V. — Easily dischargeable. The Oxy Diamine Blue brands rank with the cheaper blue dyestuffs. By an after- treatment with copper sulphate their fast- ness to light is improved. Further brands: Oxy Diamine Blue 3 G, B, R and jR. Same as Diamine Blue 3R. I. _ Easily dischargeable. Same as Diamine Blue 3R. IV. — Easily dischargeable in light shades; in dark shades applicable for coloured discharging only. These two products are considerably superior to the afore-named Oxy Diamine Blues in fastness to alkali, and are also somewhat superior to them in fastness to light. They are used likewise for the ' production of cheap and bright blues. By aftertreating with copper sulphate, shades of very good fastness to light are obtained. A further, more reddish brand: Oxy Diamine Blue PR. Same as Diamine Blue 3R. IV. — Same as Diamine Blue PG. 38 DIAMINE COLOURS Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing Diamineral Blue B 1% 3% 110 Diamineral Blue BF 1% 3% Diamineral Blue CV 1% 3% Diamineral Blue CVB 1% 3% 113 Diamineral Blue R 1 % 3 % The various Diamineral Blues belong to the best direct dyeing Blues in respect ot fastness to washing. White cotton is stained but slightly by light shades and somewhat more so by deep shades. II— III. II— III. II. II. II— III. The shade is^not altered by acetic acid 50°/o or by dilute hydrochloric acid. Diamine Dark Blue B 1% 3% Same as Diamineral Blue. II— III. Same as Diamineral Blue. DYED DIRECT. 39 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldite Remarks IV. Very easily dischargeable. IV. — Very easily dischargeable. All the brands of Diamineral Blue are comparatively good in fastness to washing, ancl are used very generally, both dyed direct and coppered, for the production of medium and deep Indigo shades. Also for bottoming and subsequent topping with Basic Colours the Diamineral Blues are frequently used. Aftertreating with copper sulphate alone or with copper sulphate in combination with bichrome improves their fastness to light and washing. Further brands are the following: The shades withstand ’ normal stoving very well. I. — Very easily dischargeable. Diamineral Blue jB, jRC and R V. r. — Very easily dischargeable. IV. — Very easily dischargeable. Same as Diamineral Blue. The shade, when washed after stoving, is clearer and bluer. IV. — Very easily dischargeable. This is the most important shading and saddening product of the Diamine Colour series. It is used for the production of all the many mode shades, further for dyeing grey and black blue shades. DIAMINE COLOURS Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing \ Diamine Bengal Blue G 1% 3% White cotton is slightly stained by light shades, somewhat more so by deep ones. II. The shade is somewhat reddened by acetic acid 50 o/o. Diamine Bengal Blue R 3% 1 % Same as Diamine Bengal Blue G. ii. The shade is not altered by acetic acid 50 o/o. Diamine New Blue R i% Same as Diamine Bengal Blue G, ii. The shade is not altered either by acetic acid 50 o/o or by dilute hydro- chloric acid. 118 Diamine Deep Blue B l % 3% Approaching Diamine Bengal Blue G fairly closely. II. Same as Diamine New Blue R. 119 Diamine Deep Blue R 3% Same as Diamine Bengal Blue G. II. Same as Diamine New Blue R. 120 Diamine Steel Blue L 1% 3% Approaching Diamine Bengal Blue G fairly closely. II. The shade is altered hardly perceptibly by acetic acid 50 o/o or by dilute hydro- chloric acid. DYED DIRECT 41 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldite Remarks The shade withstands normal stoving very well. IV. — Dischargeable. Similar to the Diamineral Blue brands, but considerably brighter than these, and possess the property of going particularly well on to the fibre. Diamine Bengal Blue G is also suited for the aftertreatment with copper sulphate, by which its fastness to light is improved. Same as Diamine engal Blue G. III. — Applicable for coloured discharging. Same as Diamine engal Blue G. III. — / Dischargeable. Diamine New Blue R is not quite equal in brightness of shade to the other well-known Diamine Blue brands, but superior to the same in fastness to washing; by an after- treatment with copper sulphate its fastness to light is improved. A further brand: Diamine New Blue G is somewhat more greenish in lone. Same as Diamine engal Blue G. IV— V. — Applicable 1 for coloured discharging. Similar to the Diamineral Blues, and like these may be aftertreated with metallic salts. The two brands come into con- sideration particularly for the production of more covered shades than those obtainable with Diamineral Blue. Same as Diamine ■engal Blue G. IV— V. — Applicable for coloured discharging. Same as j Diamine 2 ngal Blue G. V. — Applicable for coloured discharging. Diamine Steel Blue L serves for the production of greenish blue shades as well as of numerous bluish grey and deep blue compound shades. 6 DIAMINE COLOURS Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Aeid Cross-Dyeing 121 Diamine Fast Blue FFB pat. 1% White cotton is stained but slightly by light shades and somewhat more by deep ones. IV— V. The shade is not altered by acetic acid 50 o/o. 122 Diamine Fast Blue FFG pat. i% 3% Similar to Diamine Fast Blue FFB, a little better if anything. Ill— IV. Same as Diamine Fast Blue FFB. 123 Diamine Fast Blue BN pat. i% 3% Same as Diamine Fast Blue FFB. Ill— IV. The shade is not altered by acetic acid 50 o/o and only slightly by dilute hydro- chloric acid. Diamine Fast Blue G pat. 1% 3% Same as Diamine Fast Blue FFG. Ill— IV. Same as Diamine Fast Blue BN. Diamine Fast Blue C pat. i% 3% Same as Diamine Fast Blue FFB.; IV— V. Same as Diamine Fast Blue BN. Diamine Fast Brilliant Blue R pat. 1% 3% Not quite equal to Diamine Fast Blue FFB. IV. The shade is somewhat reddened by acetic acid 50 o/o. DYED DIRECT 43 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldite Remarks The shade resists normal stoving very well. IV. — Easily dischargeable in dark shades and very easily so in light ones. Of the two products, FFB is distinguished particularly for its excellent fastness to light and hot pressing. It levels very well in combination with other Diamine and Diamine Fast Colours, and may therefore be used in hank- and piece-dyeing as a saddening and shading product, even for the lightest shades, as also for machine- dyeing. Diamine Fast Blue FFG is somewhat more greenish in shade. Same as Diamine 'ast Blue FFB. Ill— IV. Same as Diamine Fast Blue FFB. Same as Diamine 'ast Blue FFB. Ill— IV. Easily dischargeable in light shades, less easily so in deep shades. In their properties very similar to Diamine Fast Blue FFB and FFG, and also employed in a like manner. Diamine Fast Blue CG is another similar brand. Same as Diamine ast Blue FFB. Ill— IV. — Same as Diamine Fast Blue BN. Same as Diamine ast Blue FFB. Ill— IV. — Same as Diamine Fast Blue BN. The shade vhen washed , subsequent o the stoving is somewhat nore reddish Ill— IV. — Same as Diamine Fast Blue FFB. Diamine Fast Brilliant Blue R dyes brighter and more reddish shades than Diamine Fast Blue FFB, otherwise approaching the same closely in properties. DIAMINE COLOURS Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing 127 Diamine Green B 1% 3% White cotton is but slightly stained by light shades, and somewhat more so by deep shades. n— m. The shade is not altered by acetic acid. Diamine Green G 1% 3% Same as Diamine Green B. II— III. Same as Diamine Green B. Diamine Green CL 1% 3% Same as Diamine Green B. ii. Same as Diamine Green B. 130 Diamine Green NA 3% Same as Diamine Green B. II. Same as Diamine Green B. 131 Diamine Green FG 1 % Same as Diamine Green B. II. The shade is hardly affected by acetic acid 50 o/o. 132 Diamine Dark Green N 1% 3% Same as Diamine Green B. II. Same as Diamine Green, =B. DYED DIRECT, 45 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldite Remarks The shade withstands ormal stoving very well, and when ashed appears somewhat brighter. IV. Easily dischargeable. Diamine Green B, as the first direct-dyeing green dyestuff ever produced, has gained great importance for the production of green and olive shades. Diamine Green G differs from the “B” brand by its more yellowish shade, and further by the pro- perty of yielding, when aftertreated with fluoride of chrome, dyeings of better fast- ness to milling. Diamine Green B and G are best dyed without soda ; it is further advisable, par- ticularly in the case of Diamine Green B, not to dye in copper vessels. The other brands of Diamine Green may be dyed with or without soda. Same as >iamine Green B. IV. — Easily dischargeable. Same as >iamine Green B. IV. — Easily dischargeable. Faster to alkali than the “B” and “G” brands, in its other properties like Diamine Green B, in shade somewhat brighter and more bluish. Same as lamine Green B. IV. — Easily dischargeable. Somewhat more covered and more bluish in shade than Diamine Green G. Same as ’famine Green B. IV. Easily dischargeable. The brightest Green of this series. Same as •lamine GreeD B. IV. Easily dischargeable. Diamine Dark Green N is not equal in brightness to Diamine Green B , but yields very well covered shades , and is therefore specially well suited for producing dark green shades, and for shading olives and bronze tones. 46 DIAMINE COLOURS Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing Diamine Black BII 1% 3% White cotton is but slightly stained by light shades, and somewhat more so by deep ones. ii— in. The shade is hardly altered by acetic acid 50 o/o. 134 Diamine Black BHF 1 % 3% Somewhat superior to Diamine Black BH. II— III. Same as Diamine Black BH. II— III. Same as Diamine Black BH. Diamine Black BO 1% 3% A little better than Diamine Black BH. Diamine Black RO 1% 3% 137 II— III. Same as Diamine Black BH. Diamine Black HW Diamine Black DN 1% 3% Same as Diamine Black BH. in. Becomes perceptibly redder in light shades, in deep shades the change is but very slight. iL DYED DIRECT, 47 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldite Remarks The shade withstands normal moving very well. III— IV. — Easily dischargeable. Diamine Black BII and BHF range among the most important Diamine Colours, and are employed in exceedingly large quanti- ties direct as well as diazotisecl and developed. In the case of direct dyeing, excellent levelling and easy penetration are pro- minent features. Further similar brands: Diamine Black BHF cone. „ „ BUN „ „ BHR „ „ BHS cone. „ „ RMW „ „ No. jr Same as amine Black BH. ii— m. — Easily dischargeable. Same as amine Black BH. n— hi. — Easily dischargeable. Diamine Black BO and RO behave like Diamine Black BH in their properties, but are more covering in shade; they are used > principally as bottoming colours in the production of deep shades of blue. A similar brand of higher concentration: Diamine Black ROO. Same as amine Black BH. I— II. — Easily dischargeable. Same as amine Black BH. v - — Easily dischargeable. Of the other direct-dyeing Diamine Black brands, Diamine Black HW is distinguished by its greenish shade and its property of yielding dyeings practically absolutely fast to hot pressing. The dyestuff is particularly well suited for saddening dark greens and olives. Same as amine Black BH. IV. — Easily dischargeable. Very well suited, when dyed direct, for the production of greyish blue and deep blue, as also for compound and mode shades of every description. By developing with Beta Naphtol, very fast blue shades are obtained, and blacks of great depth and fulness by developing with Phenylene Diamine. A somewhat more bluish product: Diamine Black DB. 48 DIAMINE COLOURS Name of Dyestuff Diamine Blue Black E 1% 3% Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light The shade loses to some extent in depth and bleeds on to white cotton. n. Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing The shade is hardly altered by acetic acid 50%, and somewhat more so by dilute hydrochloric acid. 140 Diaminogene Extra Diaminogene B 1% 3% III. Light shades possess good fastness to washing, and but slightly stain white cotton. The shade is rendered somewhat bluer by acetic acid 50% or dilute hydrochloric acid. The shade is rendered a trifle more reddish II — HI. by acetic acid 50 o/o or dilute hydrochloric acid. Diamine Fast Black F White cotton is but slightly stained by light shades and somewhat more by blacks. III. Acetic acid 50 °/o renders the shade very slightly more reddish and duller. Diamine Fast Black X 5% Somewhat in- ferior to Diamine Fast Black F. TIT. The shade is hardly altered by acetic acid 50 o/o. Diamine Fast Black C high cone. 1% Same as Diamine Fast Black F. ii— nr. Same as Diamine Fast Black X. DYED DIRECT, 49 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldite Remarks The shade withstands normal stoving very well. ii— m. — Easily dischargeable. The bluest brand of the Diamine Black series, standing in shade between Diamine Black and Diamine Blue. In addition to direct dyeing, Diamine Blue Black E is also used as a diazotisiny dye- stuff for dark blue shades. A similar product is Diamine Blue Black R which is a little more reddish in shade, but only suited for direct dyeing. Same as Diamine Blue Black E. IV. — Easily dischargeable. In direct dyeing the products, in view of their good levelling property, are chiefly suited for shading purposes. Of importance is the good fastness to light and hot pressing, also for light shades. The products are principally valuable on account of their yielding prominently fine and fast shades of black when diazotised and developed. The following products may further here be mentioned: Diaminoeene BR „ B IV „ CCL and also the very similar brands: Diamine Neron BB „ BBG Same as Diamine Blue Black E. IV. — Easily dischargeable. Same as Diamine Blue Black E. IV. — Easily dischargeable. The Diamine Fast Black brands belong to the best direct dyeing Blacks in respect of fastness to light, and are used for grey and black shades in all those cases where importance is placed on good fastness to light, as for instance for sewing yarn, linen, better-class cotton fabrics, etc. Further brands are the following: Diamine Fast Black CB high cone. Diamine Fast Black XN extra cone. Same as Diamine Blue Black E. Ill— IV. — Easily dischargeable. Same as Diamine Blue Black E. IV. Easily dischargeable. 1 7 50 DIAMINE COLOURS Name of Dyestuff Fastness Fastness Fastness Fastness to Acid to Washing to Light to Acids Cross-Dyeing 145 Diamine Jet Black Cr 1% 5% 146 Diamine Jet Black 00 1% 5% 147 Diamine Jet Black SS 1% 5% II— III. The fastness to washing is relatively good. It is considerably improved by an aftertreat- ment with bichrome. The shade is but slightly altered by acetic acid 50°/o or dilute hydrochloric acid. Acetic acid 50°/ o or dilute hydrochloric III. acid turn the shade only slightly more bluish. hi. Same as Diamine Jet Black Cr. 148 Diamine Jet Black GG extra cone. 1% 4% Diamine Jet Black BB extra cone. 1 % 4 % 150 Diamine Aldehyde Black B cone. The shades are of somewhat better fastness to washing than those produced with Diamine Jet Black Cr. 00 and SS. III. III. The shades are hardly affected by acetic acid 50«/o in the case of deep shades; light shades turn more reddish. II— III. Same as Diamine Jet Black GG extra cone, and BB extra cone. DYED DIRECT, 51 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldite Remarks III— IV. — Easily dischargeable. The Diamine Jet Black brands belong to a homogeneous group distinguished by their relatively good fastness to light. They are very extensively used for velveteen The shades withstand normal stoving well. When washed after stoving they appear somewhat brighter. III. — Easily dischargeable. dyeing, for sewing cotton etc., and further serve in light shades also for greys and bluish greys. Their property to become fixed with bichrome in good fastness to washing renders the products suitable for the production of dyes fast to milling. While Diamine Jet Black OO yields bluish blacks, Diamine Jet Black SS, Cr, and a further brand, RB, are very well suited for the production of jet blacks. Further brands are the following: ITT— IV. Easily dischargeable. Diamine Jet Black Cr cone. „ „ „ oooo „ „ „ M „ „ RB. The shades are hardly affected by normal stoving. V. Easily The two new Diamine Jet Black brands offer over the above-mentioned brands the ' advantage of yielding far more intense Blacks of a somewhat superior fastness to washing. V. dischargeable. The shade is bnt little affected by stoving. — In light shades ii, in dark shades IV. — Easily dischargeable. The product comes first of all into consideration for an aftertreatment with formaldehyde, but the direct dyeings also yield fairly deep shades of black, which frequently are found valuable. The following brands behave similarly: Diamine Aldehyde Black BB cone. „ „ „ FG cone. •) ,, „ FB cone. 7 * DIAMINE COLOURS 151 Name of Dyestuff Fastness Fastness to Washing to Light Fastness to Acids Diamine Grey G y 2 % 2% White cotton is not stained at all by light shades, and but slight- ly so even by deep ones. ii— in. 152 The shade is hardly altered by acetic acid 50°/o or by dilute hydro- chloric acid. Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing 153 Diamine Fast Grey BN %% Approximately the same but not quite so good as Dia- mine Grey G. Ill— IV. Acetic acid 50°/o turns the shade somewhat bluer. 154 Diamine Fast Grey RN %% Approximately the same as Diamine Fast Grey BN. II— III. Oxy Diamine Black A 1% 5% 155 Oxy Diamine Black AFF 1% 5% 156 Oxy Diamine Black AM 1% 5% White cotton is lightly stained by light shades and more so in the case of blacks. i— ii. i— ii. i— ii. Same as Diamine Fast Grey BN. The shade is but little affected by acetic acid 50°/o, and becomes but slightly bluer by dilute hydrochloric acid. DYED DIRECT, 53 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldite Remarks The shade withstands normal storing very well. IV. Easily dischargeable. Diamine Grey G is very fast to washing, and serves for the production of the various shades of Grey. It is best dyed without the addition of soda. Same as )iamine Grey G. III. — Easily dischargeable. Used for similar purposes as Diamine Grey G, and distinguished for good levelling properties and fastness to light. Owing to its good dischargeability, Diamine Fast Grey BN is frequently used for print styles. In copper vessels Diamine Fast Grey BN is best dyed without soda. Same as )iamine Grey G. II— III. — Easily dischargeable. Somewhat more reddish in shade than Diamine Fast Grey BN. In copper vessels this product likewise is best dyed without soda. V. In light shades easily dischargeable, in deep shades more difficult to discharge. The dyestuffs of the Oxy Diamine Black A group are used in very large quantities for the dyeing of loose cotton, cotton hanks, piece-goods and hosiery goods (stockings) as a substitute for logwood; there is no essential difference between the relative The shades withstand normal storing well, appearing only some- what bluer ifter washing. V. — — degrees of fastness of the various brands. While Oxy Diamine Black A yields a bright bluish Black, “AFF” dyes a considerably deeper shade of Black and “AM" a more brownish black shade. Oxy Diamine Black A and AM are also very well suited for coupling purposes; coupled with Nitrazol C and with the addition of Methylene Blue, they give very cheap bright Blacks of good fastness to washing. — V. — Along with the single strength products, the same brands are marketed in a concentrated form as Oxy Diamine Black A extra cone. „ „ „ AFF extra cone. „ „ „ AM extra cone. 54 DIAMINE COLOURS Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing Oxy Diamine Black SA 158 Oxy Diamine Black D Oxy Diamine Black FFC Oxy Diamine Black N 1% 5% 161 Oxy Diamine Black S000 1% 5% 162 Oxy Diamine Black US I— II. I— II. I— II. Same as Oxy Diamine Black A. II. II— III. I— II. The shade is not altered by acetic acid 50%; by dilute hydrochloric acid it is turned very slightly bluer. The shade resists boiling in acid baths fairly well; white wool is stained reddish. Same as Oxy Diamine Black SA. The shade is rendered bluer by acetic acid 50% or by dilute hydro- chloric acid. Same as Oxy Diamine Black SA. Same as Oxy Diamine Black SA. The shade is not noticeably altered by acetic acid of 50% or dilute hydro- chloric acid. The shade resists boiling in acid baths fairly well; white wool is stained but slightly. DYED DIRECT. 55 Fastness o Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldite 1 Remarks The shade withstands normal toring well tnd is just trace more lnish after washing. IV— V. — In light shades easily dischargeable, in deep shades more difficult to discharge. These dyestuffs are used for the same purpose as the Oxy Diamine Black brands enumerated on the preceding page. Concentrated brands are also in the market of the products mentioned here, viz: Oxy Diamine Black SA extra cone. ,, D extra cone. „ FFC extra cone. The following approach the above very closely: Oxy Diamine Black FFN extra cone. „ AT extra cone. „ RR ■ ime as Oxy amine Black SA. IV. — ame as Oxy amine Black SA. V. — Same as Oxy Diamine Black SA. The shade withstands normal Coving well id is just a race more ddish after washing. V. — Same as Oxy Diamine Black SA. Oxy Diamine Black N is not so well suited, for the production of light and medium shades, but is exceedingly suitable for the production of deep Blacks owing to its particularly good covering properties. It is used in velveteen dyeing and hank dyeing. ame as Oxy amine Black N. V. Same as Oxy Diamine Black SA. Oxy Diamine Black SOOO is by far the brightest and best covering Oxy Diamine Black brand. This product surpasses all the other direct dyeing Blacks in fulness of shade. The shade withstands normal :oving very • well, and pears hardly anged after washing. V. Same as Oxy Diamine Black SA. Oxy Diamine Black US belongs to a group of the Oxy Diamine Black series, which, besides for good fastness to washing is distinguished for its particularly excellent fastness to acids. The product is used specially for producing blacks fast to milling and acids. Further products of this group: Oxy Diamine Black Ul in single and concentrated strength and Oxy Diamine Black US extra cone. 56 DIAMINE COLOURS 163 Name of Dyestuff Fastness Fastness to Washing to Light Fastness to Aeids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing Oxy Diamine Black JEI 1 % 5% 164 Oxy Diamine Black JB 1% 5% 166 Oxy Diamine Carbon JE %% 2 % 167 Oxy Diamine Carbon JB %% 2 % The fastness to washing of the Oxy Diamine Black “J” series is somewhat superior to that of the “A” brands described before. 158 ii. ii. ii. ii. The shades are rendered somewhat more reddish by acetic acid 50% or dilute hydrochloric acid. II. Oxy Diamine Black JW Superior y 2 % 2% ii. DYED DIRECT. 57 Fastness to Storing Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldite Remarks IV— V. These dyestuffs, lilce the preceding ones, belong to the group of cheap, direct dyeing Blacks, and are most extensively used for the dyeing of all kinds of cotton goods. Compared with the afore-mentioned brands, they offer the advantage that, when exposed to light, they fade more towards grey, for which reason they may be designated as being faster to light. V. Another advantage of the products belonging to the “J” series is that they do not become bronzy even in dyeing deep shades. They further yield on linen yarn and linen cloth fine deep shades of Black, and are for this reason of the greatest importance for this industry. V. The shades withstand normal ■toving fairly well, but must be well rinsed after storing. IV— V. Easily dischargeable in light > shades ; in deep shades more difficult to discharge. Further brands of the same group in the market are the following: Oxy Diamine Black JET extra cone. „ „ „ JB extra cone. ,, „ „ JtV extra cone. „ „ „ JE „ „ „ JE extra cone. „ „ „ JIVE „ „ „ JIVF extra cone „ „ „ JWB extra cone. „ ,, „ JIVN extra cone. The products behave like those of the Oxy Diamine Black J series, but are of con- siderably superior tinctorial power than these and are used principally for very deep Blacks. Further brands in the market: V. Oxy Diamine Carbon JET „ „ „ FFG. The latter is not suited for the discharge style. Similar in shade and properties to Oxy Diamine Black JW, but considerably superior thereto in tinctorial power. Further similar brands: Oxy Diamine Black JIFF superior „ FFE superior. 8 58 DIAMINE COLOURS Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing 169 Para Diamine Black B extra cone. 0.75% 3% 170 Para Diamine Black BB extra cone. 0.75% 3% Para Diamine Black FFB extra cone. 0.75% 172 Para Diamine Black FF extra cone. 0.75% 3% I— II. I— II. 173 Para Diamine Black FFD extra cone. 0.75% 3% 174 Para Diamine Black FFBR extra cone. 0.75% 3% The Para Diamine Black brands possess the same fastness to washing as Oxy Diamine Black A. i— n. i— ii. ii. i— ii. The shades are not altered by acetic acid 50°/o, and become but slightly brighter and bluer by dilute hydro- chloric acid. The shades fairly well resists boiling in an acid bath ; white wool is stained somewhat reddish. DYED DIRECT. 59 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness Discharges to Chloring with Hyraldite Remarks IV. IV. IV— V. 'he shades of ara Diamine Black withstand normal toving very well. IV— V. IV— V. IV— V. Easily dischargeable in light shades, in deep shades more difficult to discharge. The Para Diamine Black brands form a special series of the direct dyeing Blacks; they are used chiefly for deep shades of Black and for goods which are subsequently finished, such as lustrous linings, polished yarns etc. They are superior to the older Blacks chiefly in point of fastness to acids. Further brands: Para Diamine Black B „ BB „ FFB ,, FFB high cone. „ FFD high cone. „ BF extra cone. „ BBD extra cone. The last-mentioned brand is not suited for the discharge style. II. DIAMINE COLOURS AFTERTREATED WITH METALLIC SALTS. 62 DIAMINE COLOURS AFTERTREATED Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeim 175 Diamine Fast Yellow 3G aftertreated with copper sulphate and bichrome 1%% 3% White cotton is hardly stained by light shades, and just slightly by deeper ones. 176 Diamine Yellow N Powder aftertreated with chromium fluoride l'/ 2 % 3% IV. The shade is strongly altered by acetic acid 50% or dilute hydrochloric acid. Same as Diamine Fast Yellow 3G. III. The shade is rendered more greenish by acetic acid 50 °/o. Diamine Orange B aftertreated with copper sulphate 2% 4% Diamine Brown 3G aftertreated with copper sulphate 2% 4% Approxi- mately the same, but not quite so good as Diamine Fast Yellow 3G. IV. IV. The shade becomes somewhat more yellow, ish by acetic acid 50% and by hydro- chloric acid. 179 Diamine Bronze G aftertreated with chromium fluoride VAX 3% White cotton is but slightly stained, even by deep shades. ii— iii. The shade is hardly altered by acetic acid 50%; by dilute hydrochloric acid it becomes a little flatter. 180 Diamine Green G aftertreated with chromium fluoride 1 %% 3% Same as Diamine Orange B. ii— in. The shade is turned slightly more bluish by acetic acid 500/o, and flatter by dilute hydro- chloric acid. WITH METALLIC SALTS 63 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldite Remarks The shade withstands stoving very well. I. — Applicable for coloured discharging. The treatment with chrome and copper or copper produces more greenish shades with Diamine Fast Yellow SG, but considerably increases the fastness to washing. By hot soaping the aftertreatcd shades, considerably brighter Yellows of equally good fastness to washing are obtained. Diamine Fast Yellow SG is especially well suited for the production of greenish shades of good fastness to light and washing. Same as iamine Fast Yellow 3G. Ill— IV. Withstands weak chloring. Very easily dischargeable. More reddish in shade and used for the same purposes as Diamine Fast Yellow SG. Further it is applied extensively for discharge styles. The shade turns more yellowish on stoving. IV. — Not suitable > for discharging. Both dyestuffs when aftertreatcd with copper sulphate yield shades of very good fastness to light; both serve for the production of yellowish browns and for shading. By aftertreating loith bichrome and copper sulphate the fastness to washing is also enhanced. V. The stoved shade is somewhat •ighter after washing. V. Very easily ] dischargeable. Diamine Bronze G, aftertreated with chromium fluoride, yields brown and olive shades fast to washing and milling, which may be shaded with Diamine Green G. By an aftertreatment with copper sulphate or with a mixture of copper sulphate and biclirome, brown shades of very good fast- ness to light and milling are obtained. The shade withstands normal toving very well. Ill— IV. — Very easily dischargeable. Diamine Green G, aftertreated with chromium fluoride, is used for the production of green shades fast to washing. Instead of chromium fluoride, biclirome may also be used for aftertreating. 64 DIAMINE COLOURS AFTERTREATED Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing 181 Diamine Brown M aftertreated with copper sulphate and biehrorae 2% 4% White cotton is hardly stained by light shades, and but slightly so by deep ones. III. Diamine Brown B aftertreated with copper sulphate and bichrome 2% 4% Somewhat better than Diamine Brown M. Ill— IV The shades are rendered somewhat more violetish by acetic acid 50%. Diamine Catechine G aftertreated with copper sulphate and bichrome 2% 4% Diamine Catechine B aftertreated with copper sulphate and bichrome 2% 4% III. Same as Diamine Brown M. Acetic acid 50% and dilute hydrochloric acid render the shade somewhat flatter. III. The shade is hardly altered , by acetic acid ,50%; by dilute hydrochloric acid they are rendered somewhat flatter. Diamineral Brown G aftertreated with copper sulphate and bichrome 2% 4% Oxy Diamine Brown 3GN aftertreated with copper sulphate and bichrome 2% 4% IV. Same as Diamine Brown M. The shade becomes flatter by acetic acid of 50 °/ 0 . II— III. The shade is rendered blackish by acetic acid 50%. 65 WITH METALLIC SALTS. Fastness o Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraidite Remarks II. The shades withstand normal stoving very well. The shades withstand normal ttoving well id are some- hat brighter fter washing. The shades withstand normal oving fairly well. II— III. III. Y. II. II— III. Applicable for coloured discharging. Diamine Brown M and B, together with the Diamine Catechine brands and Dia- mineral Brown G, count among the most important brown aftertreated dyestuffs, the entire range of current brown shades being obtainable therewith in good fastness to washing and light. More reddish brands with similar properties are the following: Diamine Brown R and MR, the very yellow brand Diamine Catechine jG being mostly used for the production of yellowish Cutch tones and for shading mode colours. Copper sulphate by itself, similarly to a combination of bichrome and copper sul- phate effects an improvement in fastness to light in particular, in the case of all the above dyestuffs, while a treatment with bichrome or chromium fluoride alone improves the fastness to washing only. Diamineral Brown G behaves similarly to the afore-mentioned products; it is distinguished by specially good fastness to light and washing, and is principally applied for copper-brown shades or for shading the Diamine Brown and Diamine Catechine brands. Used like the afore-mentioned products. A further, more reddish brand of similar properties is Oxy Diamine Brown RN. 66 DIAMINE COLOURS AFTERTREATED Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeini Diamine Fast Red F aftertreated with chromium fluoride 2% 3% The shade loses but little in depth by washing. White cotton is slightly stained by light shades and more severely by deep ones. II— III. The shade is not altered by acetic acid 50 °/o. The shade ii but slightly affected by boiling in ai acid bath. White wool is slightly stained. Diamine Fast Scarlet GFF pat. aftertreated with copper sulphate 2% 3% Diamine Fast Scarlet 4BFF pat. aftertreated with copper sulphate 2% 3% Diamine Fast Scarlet 7BFF pat. aftertreated with copper sulphate 2% 3% Approxi- mately the same, if not quite so good as Diamine Fast Red F. III. III. III. The shades become much brighter on spotting with acetic acid 50% or dilute hydrochloric acid. Diamine Brilliant Rubine S pat. aftertreated with copper sulphate 2% 3% Diamine Fast Violet FFBN pat. aftertreated with copper sulphate 2% 3% Same as Diamine Fast Scarlet GFF. in— IV. IV— V. Same as Diamine Fast Scarlet. The shade is brightened by spotting with acetic acid 50%. WITH METALLIC SALTS, 67 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldite Remarks The shade esists normal 'towing well, and after washing is somewhat clearer. III. — Easily dischargeable. The aftertreatment with chromium fluoride (chrome alum or bichrome) is principally employed for improving the fastness to washing andi acid boiling, so that the aftertreatsd shade may be used for warps to be cross-dyed. By an aftertreatment with copper sulphate a duller Red of very good fastness to washing and light is obtained. nx— IV. ’he stoved and /ashed shades ippear much brighter. Ill— IV. — The shades when aftertreated with copper sulphate are flatter than the direct shades, but a considerable improvement in fastness to light is attained through this after- treatment. Further brands of equal properties are the following: Diamine Fast Scarlet GG „ „ „ .(BFS „ „ „ flBFF. ii— in. - Applicable for coloured discharging. The shade withstands rraal stoving r ell and is somewhat ighter after washing. IV— V. Behaves similarly to the Diamine Fast Scarlet brands, but is superior to the same in fastness to light and hot pressing. Same as Diamine lant Rubine S. 1 in. — Diamine Fast Violet FFBN, aftertreated with copper sulphate, yields violet shades of excellent fastness to light. A brand of a more bluish shade, but equal properties: Diamine Fast Violet BBN. 9 ' 68 DIAMINE COLOURS AFTERTREATED Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeinf 193 Diamine Sky Blue FF aftertreated with copper sulphate 1.5% 3% Alkaline washing renders the shade more reddish. White cotton is slightly stained by deep shades. IV The shade is not altered by acetic acid 50°/o; dilute hydrochloric acid renders it more bluish. 194 Diamine Blue RW aftertreated with copper sulphate 2% 3% Same as Diamine Sky Blue FF. IV. The shade is not changed by acetic acid 50%; dilute hydrochloric acid renders it a trace more purplish. Diamine Brilliant Blue ( aftertreated with copper sulphate 2% 3% Same as Diamine Sky Blue FF. IV. The shade is rendered a brighter blue by acetic acid 50% and dilute hydrochloric acid. Diamine Blue 3R aftertreated with copper sulphate 2% 3% The shade is rendered paler and bluer in the washing. White cotton is slightly stained. IV. The shade is hardly altered by acetic acid 50%; dilute hydrochloric acid renders it somewhat bluer. Oxy Diamine Blue G aftertreated with copper sulphate 2% 3% III— IV. Oxy Diamine Blue R aftertreated with copper sulphate 2% 3% Same as Diamine Sky Blue FF. Ill— IV. The shade is not altered by acetic acid 50%; hydrochloric acid renders it more bluish, WITH METALLIC SALTS. 69 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldite Remarks The shade esists ordinary stoving very well. IV. Diamine Sky Blue FF and Diamine Blue RiV, aftertreated with copper sulphate, are employed most extensively for the pro- duction of blue shades of very good fast- ness to light and good fastness to washing. Same as Diamine Sky Blue FF. IV— V. Both products, in combination with Diamine Fast Yellow, are also suited for producing greens and greenish-blues. Similar brands: Diamine Sky Blue FFN and FFS. Same as Diamine Sky Blue FF. IV. Applicable for Diamine Brilliant Blue G behaves very similarly to Diamine Blue RW, and is principally employed for the production of medium blue and navy blue shades fast to light. discharging. he stoved and vashed shade ippears bluer. 11 . On account of its reddish violet shade used particularly to shade blues and browns towards red, especially in the case of dye- stuffs which are aftertreated with copper sulphate or bichrome and copper sulphate. he shade with- tands normal storing rery well. The shade ssists normal toving well; after being ( washed It appears brighter. III. II— III. The Oxy Diamine Blue brands when after- treated with copper sulphate behave similarly to the afore.- mentioned Blues, but are not quite so good as regards fastness to light and hot pressing, especially in the case of light shades. For aftertreatment toith copper sulphate the following products are likewise suited: Oxy Diamine Blue B, jG, $G, and also Oxy Diamine Blue PG, - 70 DIAMINE COLOURS AFTERTREATED Name of Dyestuff 199 Diamineral Blue B aftertreated with copper sulphate and hichrome 2% 3% Fastness to Washing Fastness Fastness to Light to Aeids III— IV. Fastness to Aeid Cross-Dyeing 200 Diamineral Blue BF aftertreated \\ ith copper sulphate and bichrome 2% 3% 201 Diamineral Blue R aftertreated with copper sulphate and bichrome 2% 3% 202 Diamineral Blue CV aftertreated with copper sulphate and bichrorce 2% 3% 203 Diamineral Blue CVB The shades withstand washing with soap, or soap and soda, quite well, and lose but little in depth. White cotton is hardly stained even by deep shades. But slightly inferior to the brands named above. in— IV. Neither acetic acid 30°/o nor dilute hydrochloric acid alter the shades. Ill— IV. The shades withstand boiling in an acid bath quit< well. White cotton is but slightlj stained. IV. The shades are not altered by acetic acid 50 °/ 0 . aftertreated with copper sulphate and bichrome 2% 3% 204 Diamine Bengal Blue G aftertreated with copper sulphate and biclirome 2% 3% Same as Diamineral Blue CV. The shade is not altered by acetic acid 50%; hydrochloric acid renders it somewhat bluer and brighter. WITH METALLIC SALTS. 71 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldite Remarks III— IV. The shades withstand normal stoving very well. Ill— IV, III— IV The shade withstands •rmal stoving very well. Ill— IV The shade *rns a little ighter and bluer on stoving. Ill— IV The shade vithstands •mal stoving 'ery well. IV. Applicable for coloured discharging. These brands range among the best dyestuffs to be aftertreated, especially as regards fastness to washing They further possess very good fastness to light and acids, and are for this reason extensively used for dyeing hanks and piece-goods. The dye- stuffs are in the aftertreating process frequently topped with Basic Colours, particularly with Naphtindone or New Methylene Blue. The more greenish brand Diamineral Blue jB and the more reddish brands Diamineral Blue RV, jRC possess similar properties. By an aftertreatment with copper sulphite by itself, slightly brighter shades are obtained, which however are not quite so good in fastness to washing. Both these brands are brighter than the I preceding ones; they are not quite equal to them in fastness to washing, but are superior in fastness to light. Diamine Bengal Blue G aftertreated with copper sulphate and bichrome yields a bright greenish Blue of properties similar to those of Diamineral Blue; it is used for the same purposes as the latter. 72 DIAMINE COLOURS AFTERTREATED Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeini Diamineral Black B aftertreated with coppar sulphate and bichrome 4% 3% 206 Diamineral Black 6B aftertreated with copper sulphate and bichrome 3% 6% Diamine Jet Black SS aftertreated with bichroine 5% 6% 208 Diamine Jet Black 00 aftertreated with bichrome 5 % 6% IT— IT I. White cotton is not stained in normal soap washing, and is only slight- ly stained in more severe washing. Ill— IV. Deep shades are not changed by acetic acid 50 o/o ; light shades turn a trace redder. Same as Diamineral Black. ir— hi. ii— hi. The shades are not altered by| acetic acid 50 o/o. 209 Primuline aftertreated with chloride of lime 3% 6% Normal soap washing leaves the shade un- changed. White cotton is not stained at all, severer soda washing staining the cotton but slightly. in. The shade is not altered either by acetic acid 50°/o or by dilute hydrochloric acid. The shade i not altered b boiling in ai acid bath. White wool is but slightl stained. 'C WITH METALLIC SALTS. 73 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring In light shades ir— nr, in dark shades TV. Withstands normal stoving very well. In light shades TIT, in dark shades TV— V. Discharges with Hyraldite Remarks The fastness to washing and milling of the D iamineral Black brands is very good ; Diamineral Black 6B is moreover parti- cularly fast to light. All the different brands, besides for milling goods, are used very largely also for piece-goods. They also find a special use as a bottom for one-bath aniline black or for oxidation black, because by topping with these dyes they can be fixed with good fastness to washing. Diamineral Blach jB is a brand standing in shade between Diamineral Black B and CB. Applicable for coloured discharging. III. Withstands normal 3toving very well. II. The Diamine Jet Black brands are used for blacks of good fastness to washing on loose cotton, weaving and sewing yarns and for mercerised piece-goods, for which Diamine Jet Black Cr and SS come parti- cularly into consideration on account of their fine blue-black shade. Other brands of the kind are the following. Diamine Jet Black ItB „ „ „ Cr and Cr cone. „ „ „ oooo „ „ „ M. Withstands rmal stoving rery well. IV— V. Resists a treatment in a Primuline aftertreated with chloride of lime serves for the production of cheap bright yellow and orange shades of very normal chlorine good fastness. bath very well. The shades also resist acid cross-dyeing for union dyeing. 10 III. DIAMINE COLOURS AFTERTREATED WITH FORMALDEHYDE. 10 * 76 DIAMINE COLOURS AFTERTREATED Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeint 210 Diamine Aldehyde Orange G aftertreated with formaldehyde 1Vj% 3% White cotton is hardly stained by light shades, and slightly so by deeper shades. II— III. The shade is altered considerably by acetic acid 50°/o. 211 Diamine Fast Orange ER pat. aftertreated with formaldehyde 1 %% 3 % Same as Diamine Aldehyde Orange G. IV. The shade is not altered by acetic acid 50°/o. Diamine Fast Brown G pat. aftertreated with formaldehyde iy 2 % 3% Same as Diamine Aldehyde Orange G. IV. The shade is not altered by acetic acid 50% and is but slightly affected by dilute hydrochloric acid. Diamine Aldehyde Brown R aftertreated with formaldehyde iy 2 % 3% ii. 214 Diamine Aldehyde Brown VS aftertreated with formaldehyde 1V6% 3% Somewhat better than Diamine Aldehyde Orange G; in the case of deep shades likewise very good. Acetic acid 50°/o renders the shade somewhat more bluish. ii. Same as Diamine Aldehyde Brown R. 215 Diamine Aldehyde Blue B aftertreated with formaldehyde iy 3 % 3% Same as Diamine Aldehyde Orange G. II— III. Acetic acid 50°/o renders the shade very slightly more reddish. WITH FORMALDEHYDE. 77 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldite Remarks The shade spears slight- ly more ellowish after he washing. I. — Diamine Aldehyde Orange G, when after- treated with formaldehyde, yields a very bright Orange of relatively good fastness to washing. The product may likeivise be used for shading the various yellow-brown and mode shades. Withstands normal stoving well. m. — In light shades easily dischargeable, in mediu m ami deep shades only suited for coloured discharging. Behaves similarly to Diamine Aldehyde Orange G, but possesses considerably superior fastness to light. Diamine Fast Orange EG is a further, more yellowish brand. Withstands normal storing very ell the shade turning iflingly more yellowish. hi. — Same as Diamine Fast Orange ER. Diamine Fast Broivn G and the more reddish brand Diamine Fast Brown It behave in the formaldehyde aftertreatment similarly to the Diamine Fast Orange brands, and are used for producing bright shades of Brown. Withstands normal toving very well. ii— hi. — Applicable for coloured discharging only. Both the Diamine Aldehyde Brown brands, when aflertreated with formaldehyde, show very good fastness to washing, and may be applied for the production of browns fast to washing and milling on loose cotton, yarn and piece-goods. Same as Diamine Aldehyde Brown R. ii— hi. — Vithstands normal oving very well. Ill— IV. Very easily dischargeable. Diamine Aldehyde Blue B is in fastness to washing egual to the Diamineral Blue brands aftertreated with metallic salts (page 7 0) and is of particular importance for machine-dyeing. .. 78 DIAMINE COLOURS AFTERTREATED 216 Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing Diamine Aldehyde Black B cone, aftertreated with formaldehyde 1% 4% 217 Diamine Aldehyde Black BB cone. aftertreated witli formaldehyde II— III. White cotton is hardly stained even by Black. Light shades only are very slightly altered by acetic acid 50 o/ 0 . The shades withstand acid boiling well; white cotton is stained but little. 1% 4% 218 Diamine Aldehyde Black FG cone. aftertreated with formaldehyde 219 Diamine Aldehyde Black FB cone. aftertreated with formaldehyde ii— m. Same as Diamine Aldehyde Black B cone. Same as Diamine Aldehyde Black B cone, and BB cone. Similar to Diamine Aldehyde Black B cone, and BB cone. 220 Diamine Fast Black X aftertreated with formaldehyde 221 Diamine Fast Black C high cone. aftertreated with formaldehyde White cotton is not stained by light ►shades and is only slightly stained by Black. III. The shades are hardly altered by acetic acid 50 %. The shades are altered to a very slight degree only by acetic acid 50°/o. WITH FORMALDEHYDE. 79 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldite Remarks IV. Withstand Aftertreated with formaldehyde, the Diamine Aldehyde Black brands yield shades of very good fastness to washing, • light and hot pressing, and are employed for the production of Black on better-class cotton goods particularly in the sewing yarn industry. . stoving well. IV. — Same as Diamine Aldehyde lack B cone, nd BB cone. IV— V. — Easily The two new Diamine Aldehyde Black brands yield deeper and finer Blacks than the older brands; their fastness to light — especially that of Diamine Aldehyde Black FB — is also superior. Like the older brands, they come into consideration for all kinds of better-class cotton goods. IV— V. — dischargeable. Withstand ' normal oving well. Ill— IV. — The shades when aftertreated with form- aldehyde are but shghtly inferior in fast- ness to washing to the Diamine Aldehyde Black brands; Diamine Fast Black X is somewhat superior to the latter in fastness to light. They yield very bright Blue-black IV— V. — shades and are used for the same purposes as the Diamine Aldehyde Black brands. Further brands are the following: Diamine Fast Black XN extra cone. „ „ ,, CB high con. ,, „ „ GV extra cone. 80 DIAMINE COLOURS AFTERTREATED Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing Oxy Diamine Black US aftertreated with formaldehyde 1 % 5 % 223 Oxy Diamine Black UI aftertreated with formaldehyde 1 % 5 % I— II. White cotton is not stained by light shades, and is but very slightly stained by deep ones. The shade is not altered by acetic acid 50 %. I— II. Deep shades are hardly altered by acetic acid 50 %, light shades becoming slightly redder. The shades withstand boiling in an acid bath well; white wool is but slight], stained. Oxy Diamine Black JE aftertreated with formaldehyde 1 % 5 % Oxy Diamine Black JB aftertreated with formaldehyde 1 % 5 % Same as Oxy Diamine Black US and UI. I— IT. I— II. Same as Oxy Diamine Black US. 226 Para Diamine Black BB aftertreated with formaldehyde 1 % 5 % 227 Para Diamine Black FFB extra cone. aftertreated with formaldehyde 0 . 5 % 2 . 5 % I— II. White cotton is not stained by light shades, and is but very slightly stained by deep ones. i— n. Same as Oxy Diamine Black US. Same as Oxy Diamine Black US. V WITH FORMALDEHYDE. 81 Fastness o Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldite Remarks Withstands normal oving well. IV. — Easily dischargeable. The shades, when aftertreated with form- aldehyde, possess very good fastness to washing, milling and acids. They are used principally for union goods. The following are brands of higher concen- tration: Oxy Diamine Black US extra cone. „ „ „ UI extra cone. Same as ry Diamine Black US. IV. ter normal toving and thorough insing the ade appears -dly altered. IV— V. The aftertreated shades posses approx- imately the same fastness as the afore- mentioned ones, and are somewhat brighter. Further brands, the fastness to washing of which may be enhanced by a treatment with formaldehyde, are the following: Oxy Diamine Black JET „ ,, ,, JET extra cone. „ „ „ JE extra cone. „ „ „ JB extra cone. Oxy Diamine Carbon JET „ .. „ JB. Same as y Diamine Hack JE. V. — Same as V Diamine ‘•lack US. IV. The Para Diamine Black brands, like the Oxy Diamine Black brands are used chiefly for cheap goods; they yield black shades of a full, blue cast, and are superior to the afore-named products in fastness to acids. The following brands are likewise suited for aftertreatment with formaldehyde: Para Diamine Black B and B extra cone. „ „ „ BB extra cone. „ „ „ BF extra cone. „ „ ,, FFB high cone. lame as *7 Diamine jlack US. IV. 11 IV. DIAMINE COLOURS DIAZOTISED AND DEVELOPED. 11 * 84 DIAMINE COLOURS Name of Dyestuff Fastness Fastness to Washing to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing 228 Primuline* 1 ) developed with Beta Naphtol 4% 6% White cotton is not stained at all by light shades and but slightly by deep ones. I. The shade is hardly altered by acetic acid 50 °/o. No change on boiling In an acid bath. Light shades do not bleed on to the wool, deep shades but slightly. 229 2) developed with Bordeaux Developer 4% 6% 230 j) developed with Kesorcine 4% 6% 231 4) developed with Phenol 4% 6% 232 Diamine Azo Orange RR pat.* developed with Beta Naphtol 233 Diamine Azo Scarlet A* developed with Beta Naphtol * Primuline, developed with Yellow Developer C, The shade is of somewhat better fastness to washing than that developed with Beta Naphtol. Somewhat inferior to the shade developed with Beta Naphtol. The shade is rendered more J. brownish by acetic acid 50 °/o. Same as the shades * developed with Beta Naphtol. I. Same as the shade developed with Beta Naphtol. Same as the shade developed with Beta Naphtol. IV. Inferior to the shade developed with Beta Naphtol. Somewhat better than Primuline developed with Beta Naphtol. i— ii. The shade is but slightly altered by acetic acid 5<)0/o and dilute hydrochloric acid. Same as Primuline developed with Beta Naphtol. The shade is rendered slightly more yellowish by acetic acid Considerably better than Primuline developed with Beta Naphtol. Similar to Primuline developed with Beta Naphtol. 50 °/o. yields a very bright Yellow of good fastness to acid boiling, somewhat brighter and more yellowish DIAZOTISED AND DEVELOPED 85 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldite I Remarks II Developed Primuline shades all isist normal itoving very well. IV. The shade withstands a short treatment in weak chlorine baths. Developed Primuline Red is used as a Red fast to washing and acids, particularly in the dyeing of hanks, cops and warps. By aftertreating with copper sulphate, a Claret Red is obtained, which is a trifle duller in shade, but very good in fastness to light. Ill— IV. Same as the shade developed with Beta Naphtol. The bright Claret shade obtained, which possesses good fastness to washing and acids, is used for the same purposes as the shade developed with Beta Naphtol. IV— V. — — Shades developed with Resorcine and Phenol are used in special cases only, particularly for effect threads fast to acids. Ill— IV. — sist normal oving well. -< II. — Very easily dischargeable. Employed for the production of clear bright orange shades on loose material, yarn, and warps for union goods. The shade which is developed with Yellow Developer C is more yellowish and possesses about the same properties of fastness. I. — Very easily dischargeable. The shade is considerably brighter than Primuline Red, and also possesses good, fastness to washing and acids. A somewhat more bluish brand: Diamine Azo Scarlet B. l eas Diamine Azo Orange RR and the Diamine Azo Scarlet brands, developed with the same Developer, yield I ea than by developing with Beta Naphtol. I 86 DIAMINE COLOURS Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing 234 Diamine Azo Scarlet 4B pat. developed with Beta Naphtul 3 % 4 % Same as i Diamine Azo Scarlet A. I— II. Diamine Azo Scarlet 2BL extra pat. developed with Beta Naphtol 3% 4% The shade is not altered by acetic acid 50%, and is but little affected by dilute hydrochloric acid. The shade is fast to acid boiling and behaves similarly to Primuline Red Diamine Azo Scarlet 4BL extra pat. developed with Beta Naphtol 3% 4% 237 Diamine Azo Scarlet 6BL extra pat. developed with Beta Naphtol 3% 4% Diamine Azo Scarlet 8B extra pat. developed with Beta Naphtol 3% 4% 239 Diamine Azo Bordeaux B developed with Beta Naphtol 3% 4% II. Superior in this respect to Diamine Azo Scarlet 4 B. Same as Diamine Azo Scarlet 4BL extra. ii. n. n. Same as Diamine Azo Scarlet 4B. Same as Diamine Azo Scarlet 4B. Same as Diamine Azo Scarlet 4B. Somewhat better than Diamine Azo Scarlet 4B; by dilute hydro chloric acid the shade is altered to a hardly perceptible degree. The shade is hardly altered by acetic acid 50%. Of very goo( fastness to acid boiling; rather better in thi: respect than Primuline Red. An aftertreatment with copper sulphate renders the shades of i DIAZOTISED AND DEVELOPED. 87 Fastness o Stovlng Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldite Remarks III. Easily dischargeable. Vithstand normal stoving ery well. V. IV III. Very easily dischargeable. Diamine Azo Scarlet !,B and the more bluish brand Diamine Abo Scarlet SB are superior in strength to Diamine Azo Scarlet A; they combine a bright shade with very good fastness to washing and acids. With Yellow Developer C somewhat more yellowish and brighter shades are obtained. Further brands of the same group: Diamine Abo Scarlet It and Diamine Azo Scarlet KHO. III. III. The shade resists a light chloring process of short duration. Light shades easily dischargeable, deep shades applicable for coloured dis- charging only. Very easily dischargeable. The Diamine Azo Scarlet “extra” brands yield shades which in fastness to washing are superior to those of the other brands; in fastness to light they are also somewhat better. Their very good solubility is of particular importance, so that they come in the first place into consideration for machine- dyeing. Somewhat more yellowish and brighter shades of scarlet are obtained by developing with Yellow Developer C. Yields a bright bluish claret of very good fastness to washing and acids; used for self shades, and also for shading the Diamine Azo Scarlet brands. inline Azo Scarlet brands faster to light and slightly duller. 88 DIAMINE COLOURS Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyein 240 Diamine Brown M developed with Beta Naphtol 1%% 3% White cotton is slightly stained by deep shades. I— II. Acetic acid 50% renders the shade somewhat more blackish. 241 Diamine Brown V developed with Beta Naphtol 1 Vilo Same as Diamine Brown M. i— ii. The shade is hardly altered by acetic acid 50%. 242 Diamine Brown S developed with Beta Naphtol 1%% 3% Same as Diamine Brown M. i— ii. The shade is not altered by acetic acid 50 °/o. 243 Cotton Brown N developed with Beta Naphtol 2% 3% White cotton is slightly stained. i— ii. The shade is hardly altered by acetic acid 50 %. 244 Cotton Brown A developed with Beta Naphtol Same as Cotton Brown N. i— ii. Same as Cotton Brown N. 245 Diamine Cutch diazotised and boiled with soda 3% 5% Very good. White cotton is only very slightly stained even in more severe washing. II. Same as Cotton Brown N. When boile with wool in an acid bath, the sin* turns only very slight! paler; whit wool is bu little staine DIAZOTISED AND DEVELOPED. 89 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyralditi Remarks J U. Easily dischargeable. Withstand normal stoving very well. II. Easily dischargeable. Ill— IV. Easily dischargeable. Developed with Beta Naphtol, they yield brown shades of good fastness to washing and milling, which are of special interest for cheap goods. By developing with Phenylene Diamine, more yellowish shades are produced. The shade when well vashed after the stoving • but slightly altered. IV. In light shades easily dischargeable, in deep shades applicable for coloured discharging only. Same as Cotton Brown X. IV. Same as Cotton Brown N. The products are mostly used in combin- ation with Diamine Brown M, V and S for dyeing medium brown shades on cheap goods. By developing with Phenylene Diamine, slightly more covered shades of brown arc obtained. Same as Cotton Brown X. Ill— IV By healing the diazotised dyeings with soda. Applicable for yellowish brown shades of very good fast- coloured ness to washing are obtained, and by de tie- discharging loping with Fast Blue Developer AD, deep only. j yellowish brown shades of comparatively good fastness to light result. 12 90 DIAMINE COLOURS Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cposs-Dyeini 246 Diaminogene Sky Blue N developed with Beta Naphtol White cotton is not stained by light shades and but slightly so by deep ones. III. Acetic acid 50% turns the shade more reddish; dilute hydrochloric acid but imperceptibly alters them. When boiled in an acid bat the shade is not altered, and white wo< is but slight 1. stained. 247 Diaminogene Blue BB developed with Beta Naphtol 2% 3% Only slightly inferior to Diaminogene Sky Blue. Ill— IV. Same as Diaminogene Sky Blue N. 248 Diaminogene Blue NB pat. developed, with Beta Naphtol White cotton is not stained by light shades, even in severe washing, and only slightly so by deep ones. Diaminogene Blue NA pat. developed with Beta Naphtol 2% 3% 250 Diaminogene Blue 3RN pat. developed with Beta Naphtol Diaminogene Blue 6RN pat. developed with Beta Naphtol Of the various diazotised Blues, these three possess the best fastness to washing. White cotton is hardly stained even by deep shades. Ill— IV. Acetic acid 50% renders the shade more reddish. IV. Same as Diaminogene Sky Blue N. IV. Same as Diaminogene Sky Blue N. Ill— IV. Same as Diaminogene Blue NB. The shades are not altered on boiling in a acid batli, ai white wool but slightl; stained. DIAZOTISED AND DEVELOPED. 91 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldite Remarks Withstands normal stoving very well. Ill— IV. Very easily dischargeable. ii— hi. n— in. Same as Diaminogene Sky Blue N. The shade withstands a short treatment in a weak chlorine bath. Distinguished for its specially bright and pure shade. The comparatively good fast- ness to acids is favourable to its use for the dyeing of warps or effect yarns fast to acids. Diaminogene Sky Blue 3 B is another , slightly more brilliant and more reddish brand. Ill— IV Same as Diaminogene Blue NB. II— III. Very easily dischargeable. Same as Diaminogene Blue NB. hi. Same as Diaminogene Blue NB. The Diaminogene Blue brands range among the most important developing colours, and are extensively used for the production of indigo and navy blue shades of good fast- ness to washing and light for all kinds of cotton goods, but principally for the cotton hosiery trade, and for machine-dyeing. They are further most extensively used in printing for the production of the favourite blue-and-white discharge style. For warps fast to acids, the brands NB, NA, SRN and 6RN can be used, as also Diaminogene Blue eRN. Tivo further brands in the market are Diaminogene Blue G and the deeper Diaminogene Dark Blue. 12 * 92 DIAMINE COLOURS Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing 252 Diamine Azo Blue R developed with Beta Kaphtol 2% 3% White cotton is hardly stained by light shades and but slightly by deep ones. II— III. Acetic acid 50% renders the shade somewhat more reddish; by dilute hydrochloric acid they are but little altered. 253 Diamine Azo Blue RR developed with Beta Naphtol 256 Somewhat better than Diamine Azo Blue R. Diamine Heliotrope G pat. developed with Beta Naphtol 2% 3% Approximately the same as Diamine Azo Blue R. Diamine Heliotrope B developed with Beta Naphtol Same as Diamine Azo Blue R. Oxy Diamine Violet BF developed with Beta Naphtol 3% 257 Diamine Blue BB developed with Beta Naphtol Same as Diamine Azo Blue RR. Very good. White cotton is but slightly stained even by deep shades. n— in. Same as Diamine Azo Blue R. II— III. Same as Diamine Azo Blue R. The shade is not altered b? acid boiling; white wool is but slightly stained. ii— in. Same as Diamine Azo Blue R. Not quite so good as Diamine Heliotrope G in this respec II— III. Same as Diamine Azo Blue R. A little bette than Diamine Heliotrope G in this respec ii— in. Same as Diamine Azo Blue R. DIAZOTISED AND DEVELOPED. 93 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldite Remarks Withstands rmal stoving very well. III. Easily dischargeable. Developed with Beta Naplitol, these pro- ducts serve principally for the production of bright reddish shades of Navy Blue possessing good fastness to washing, as also for shading the afore-mentioned Diamin- ogene Blue brands. Further brands: Diamine Asso Blue OB ,, ,, „ No 51 « n n No 54. Same as •famine Azo Blue R. m. — In light shades, easily dischargeable, in deep shades, applicable for coloured discharging only. Same as •iamine Azo Blue R. III. — Same as Diamine Azo Blue RR. The Diamine Heliotrope brands yield somewhat more covered shades than the Diamine Azo Blues, with which they are on a level as regards fastness to washing and light. In fastness to acid boiling they are superior, and may be used for the dyeing of warps fast to acids. Diamine Heliotrope O is a further brand possessing the same properties. The shade when well ashed after ving appears but very j;htly altered. III. Same as Diamine Azo Blue RR. nly a little nferior to Diamine eliotrope R > this respect. III. — Same as Diamine Azo Blue RR. Used particularly for the production of deep navy blue shades, and counts among the best blue dyestuffs for fastness to washing. Developed with Alpha Naphtol, the dyestuff yields more reddish blues. n— hi. — Easily dischargeable. Used specially for the production of grey shades of good fastness to washing. A more greenish brand: Diamine Blue jB. . u 94 DIAMINE COLOURS Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyei 258 Diaminogene B i) developed with Beta Naphtol 2) developed with Phenylene Diamine Powder 4% 5% 260 j) developed with Resorcine 261 Diaminogene extra l) developed with Beta Naphtol 4% 5% 2) developed with Phenylene Diamine Powder 4% 5% j) developed with Resorcine 4% 5% III— IV. The shade is not altered by either dilute hydrochloric acid or acetic acid 50°/o. White cotton is but slightly stained, even by deep shades. Ill— IV. Same as when developed with Beta Naphtol. Ill— IV. The shade is not altered by acetic acid 50°/o, and is only slightly affected by dilute hydrochloric acid. Boiled in acid batl the shad< become or just a tra lighter ar white woi is but sligh stained. IV. Not quite equal to Diaminogene B. IV. IV. Same as Diaminogene B. DIAZOTISED AND DEVELOPED 95 Fastness o Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldite R withstands ■mal stoving veil; after em arks >eing well IT I. rashed the shade is dlj altered. Withstands ■mal stoving 1^ — ^ • very well. me as when eloped with ’henylene Diamine. Ill— IV. Same as iaminogene B. Easily dischargeable. 1 rv— V. HI— IV. — The principal brand, D iaminogene B, yields a line and full shade of Black similar to aniline oxidation black; Diaminogene extra yields more bluish shades. Both brands are used most extensively in yarn and piece dyeing, and have become introduced in a very remarkable manner in the sewing cotton industry, in the dyeing of better-class linings, velveteens, cotton hosiery, and for machine-dyeing. For print styles Diaminogene B is likewise very extensively used by reason of its easy dischargeability. For matching aniline oxidation black, a mixture of Plienylene Diamine and Resor- cine has, in addition to Vhenylcne Diamine by itself, proved very advantageous. Further brands belonging to this series are the following: Diaminogene BR „ B W „ CCL. 96 DIAMINE COLOURS Name of Dyestuff 264 Diamine Neron BB 1) developed with Beta Naphtol 4% 5% 2) developed with Phetiylene Diamine Powder 3) developed with Resorcine 4% 5% Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids III— IV, White cotton is but slightly stained even by deep shades. Ill— IV. Ill— IV. Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing The shades are not altered either by dilute hydrochloric acid or by acetic acid 500/c. When boiled in an acid bath the shades turn just a trace lighter white wool is but slightl. stained. 267 Diamine Neron BBG 1) developed with Beta Naphtol 4% 5% 268 2) developed with Phenylene Diamine Pozodcr 4% 5% 3) developed with Resorcine 4% PC n/ O /O Same as Diamine Neron BB. Ill— IV. in— IV. Same as Diamine III— IV. Only very slightly inferior to Diamine Neron BB. 3IAZ0TISED AND DEVELOPED. 97 Fastness ) Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldite Remarks IV. Withstand normal storing very well. V. — V. Easily 7 he Diamine Neron brands correspond in their properties with the Diaminogene brands, and offer the advantage that the Blacks obtained are richer and bluer in shade, as is frequently desired. The products are IV. dischargeable. used especially for the dyeing of stockings and hosiery goods, and further for better- class dress material, linings, velveteens etc. They are moreover very well suited for discharge styles. Same as Diamine eron BB. V. — V. — 13 98 DIAMINE COLOURS Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeir Oxy Diaminogene OB l ) developed with Beta Naphtol 4% 5% 2) dez'cloped with Phenylene Diamine Powder 4% 5% j) developed with Resorcine 40 Same as Diaminogene B. III. III. III. The shades are not altered at all by acetic acid 50'°/o, and are hardly affected by dilute hydrochloric acid. When boile in an acid ba the shades are hardly altered, an white woo is but slight stained. 273 Oxy Diaminogene OT l) developed with Beta Naphtol 4% 5% 2) developed with Phenylene Diamine Powder 4% 5% 275 j) developed with Resorcine 4% 5% Similar to Oxy Diaminogene OB. II— III. II— III. II— III. Similar to Oxy . Diaminogene OB. Same as 0: Diaminogei OB. DIAZOTISED AND DEVELOPED. 99 Fastness o Stoving Fastness Fastness to * . u _ to Chlormg Hot Pressing Discharges with Hyraldite Remarks IV. — Withstand toving very iv-v. well. Of these Oxy Diciminocjene brands, “OB”, 1 \ — V . — when developed with Phony lene Diamine, yields a very fine, full Blue-black, “OT” on the other hand deeper and more covered shades. Both brands possess good fastness to washing, and are employed principally Easily for cheap staple goods, yarn, hosiery and dischargeable. piece-goods. They are very extensively used in the production of discharge styles. Further brands: Oxy Diaminogene OBB „ „ OT extra IV. — „ „ o V. IV. lilar to Oxy aminogene — OB. IV— V. — • 13 * 100 DIAMINE COLOURS Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeini 276 Oxy Diaminogene FFN i) developed with Beta Nahhtol 4% 5% 277 2) developed with Phenylene Diamine Powder 4% 57, IV. The shade is not changed by acetic acid 50 3 /o and but little by dilute hydrochloric acid. Same as Diamine Neron BB. IV. The shade is not changed either by acetic acid 50% or dilute hydrochloric acid. By boiling i acid baths their shade not changed and white wool is onl. slightly stained. Oxy Diaminogene ED i) developed with Beta Nahhtol 4% 5% Not quite so good as Oxy Diaminogene FFN developed with Beta Naphtol or Phenylene Diamine. IV. 2) developed with Phenylene Diamine Powder 4% 5% | Somewhat || better than when developed I with Beta Naphtol. Oxy Diaminogene EM i) developed with Beta Naphtol 4% 5% 2) developed with Phenylene Diamine Powder 4% 5% Similar to Oxy Diaminogene ED. IV The shades are not altered by acetic acid 50% and are hardly affected by hydrochloric acid. Not quite s' good as Oxy- Diaminogen FFN. Ill— IV. Ill— IV. Similar to Oxy Diaminogene ED. DIAZOTISED AND DEVELOPED 101 Fastness o Stoving Withstand normal toving very well. Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring v IV— V. V. — Discharges Remarks Easily dischargeable. Oxy Diaminogene FFX, like Diaminogene 11 and Diamine Neron DB, belong to the most important developing Blacks. Developed with Phenylene Diamine, it yields a very fine shade of bluish Black, good in fastness to washing and light. Another advantage of this brand is, that its direct shade is already black. Parti- cularly in the dyeing of cotton hosiery, the “FFN”, like the above-mentioned products, is extensively used. •Vithstand normal oving very well. IV. 'ithstand normal •ring very well. In light shades easily dischargeable, in deep shades applicable for coloured discharges only. The two products yield full neutral shades of black, and have become very well intro- duced more particularly for the dyeing of mercerised yarns and piece-goods. 102 DIAMINE COLOURS Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeii 282 Diamine Black BH i) developed with Beta Nnhlitol 283 2) developed with Phenylene Diamine Powder 3% 4% White cotton is slightly stained in severe washing. II — III. The shade is not altered by acetic acid 50%, and is hardly affected by dilute hydrochloric acid. II— III. The shade is not altered either by acetic acid 50% or by hydrochloric acid. When boil' in an aci( bath, the shade is n altered, aD white wool only slight stained. 284 Diamine Black RO i) developed with Beta Nahhtol 3% 4% 2) developed with Phenylene Diamine Powder 3% 4% II— III. Somewhat superior to The shade is not altered by acetic acid 50%, and is but slightly affected by dilute hydrochloric acid. Diamine Black BH. The shade is not altered ii— m. either by acetic acid 50% or by hydrochloric acid. Similar to Diamine Black BH. 280 Diamine Azo Black B i) developed with Beta Naphtol 3% 2) developed with Phenylene Diamine Powder 3% 4% II— III. Just a trifle inferior to Diamine Black BH. II— III. The shades are not altered either by acetic acid 50% or by dilute hydro- chloric acid. Somewhat superior if anything tc Diamine Black BII. DIAZOTISED AND DEVELOPED. 103 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness Discharges to Chloring with Hyraldite Remarks The shade when well washed after toving appears omewhat more greenish. Withstands ormal stoving very well. Same as iamine Black 111 developed with Beta N’aphtol. Same as amine Black H developed th Phenylen< Diamine. Ill— IV Easily > dischargeable, IV. Diamine Black BII, developed with Beta Naphtol or Phcnylene Diamine, serves for producing bluish black and deep shades of Black possessing relatively good fastness to washing , acids and hot pressing, and is used particularly for cheap goods. A special advantage of Diamine Black BH is that it dyes the cotton portion only of union goods, which for this reason are frequently dyed first with Diamine Black BH, then diazot ised and developed, and finally wool-dyed in an acid bath. Other similar brands, varying only slightly in shade, are the following: Diamine Black BIIN, BIIR, BUS cone., BIIF, BIIF cone . II— III. IV. IV— V. — IV— V. 1 In light shades easily dischargeable, in deep shades applicable for coloured j discharging only. Diamine Black RO approaches Diaynine Black BH very closely in its properties, but is of a considerably deeper shade. Diamine Black ROO is another, concentrated product. More bluish tones are obtained with Diamine Black is if. rhe shades when ell washed ter stoving *re hardly noticeably altered. Easily Diamine Azo Black B, especially when developed with Phenylene Diamine, yields u very covered shade of Black, which is applied for cheap goods in particular, > especially for loose cotton, goods to he milled, and also for warps fast to acids. A brand dyeing a still deeper shade of Black is Diamine Azo Black R, 104 DIAMINE COLOURS Name of Dyestuff 288 Diamine Black DB i) developed with Beta Naphtol 4% 5% 289 2) developed with Phenylene Diamine Powder 4% 5% 290 Diamine Black DN l ) developed with Beta Naphtol 291 2) developed with Phenylene Diamine Powder 4% 5% 292 Diamine Beta Black B developed with Beta Naphtol 4% 6% 293 Diamine Blue Black E developed with Beta Naphtol 2% 3% Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyein White cotton is but slightly stained even in severe washing. Same as Diamine Black DB. III. i ir— IV The shades are not altered by acetic acid 50°/o and are hardly at all affected by dilute hydrochloric acid. III. Not quite so good as Diamine Black DB developed with Beta Naphtol. nr— IV The shade is not affected either by acetic acid 500/o or by dilute hydrochloric acid. By acid boiling th( shades art altered ver slightly indeed; whi wool is bu very slightl stained. Somewhat better than Diamine Bla< DB. White cotton is stained but very slightly. II — III. The shade is not affected at all by acetic acid 50°/o, and is only slightly altered by dilute hydrochloric acid. Only very [slightly inferior to Diamine Beta Black B developed with Beta Naphtol. II— III. The shade is but very slightly altered by acetic acid 50°/o; hydro- chloric acid does not affect the shade. DIAZOTISED AND DEVELOPED. 105 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness Discharges to Chloring with Hyraldite Withstand normal storing very well. Withstand normal stoving very well. The shade, vhen well •shed after toving, is hardly loticeably altered. Remarks III— IV. IV— V. IV— V. V. Easily dischargeable. DiamineBlack DB and DN in their pro- perties closely approach the Diamine Neron brands mentioned on pages 06 and 97. Developed with Beta Naphtol, they yield bluish blacks, and when developed with Phenylene Diamine, full, bloomy jet blacks The products are very extensively used also for the production of blacks on velveteens. V. Easily dischargeable. he shade, 'hen well Developed with Bela Naphtol, Diamine shed after III. Easily dischargeable. Blue Black E is used chiefly for the oving, is omewhat production of dark blue shades, and fre- quently for shading the other blue and ■e greenish. black diazotisable products. Different from the other diazotisable Blacks, Diamine Beta Black B, when deve- loped with Beta Naphtol, yields a deep shade of Black possessing comparatively good fastness to washing. Further brands: Diamine Beta Black BB „ „ „ BGII ( the latter is not suitable for discharge work). 14 V. DIAMINE COLOURS COUPLED. 14 * 108 DIAMINE COLOURS Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyein Primuline coupled with Nitrazol C 4% 6% White cotton is slightly stained in the washing. I— LI. The shade is hardly altered at all by acetic acid 50 o/o. Diamine Fast Yellow A coupled with Nitrazol C 1 % % 3 % Somewhat better than Primuline. II— 111 The shade is not altered either by acetic acid 50 o/o or by hydrochloric acid. Diamine Nitrazol Orange R pat. coupled with Nitrazol C 2 % 4 % Same as Diamine Fast Yellow A. Acetic acid 50% renders the shade more yellowish. The shade is not altered when boiled in an acid batl white wool uc being stained b light shades, and by deep shades, but slightly. Diamine Nitrazol Scarlet A pat. coupled with Nitrazol C 3% 5% Same as Primuline. The shade is i not affected | at all by acetic acid 50%, and is but slightly altered by hydro- j chloric acid. ! 298 Diamine Nitrazol Bordeaux GB pat. coupled with Nitrazol C 2% 4% Same as Primuline. The shade is hardly altered at all by acetic acid 50 o/o. 299 Diamine Nitrazol Violet R pat. coupled with Nitrazol C 2% 3% White cotton is hardly at all stained by light shades, and just triflingly by deep shades. ii— nr. Acetic acid 50% renders the shade somewhat more reddish. COUPLED. Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldit J_ e Remarks Withstands ormal stoving fairly well. IT. — — Primuline, coupled with Nitrazol C, is used 1 chiefly for shadiig brown mid olive coupled dyeings. Withstands .rmal stoving very well. Ill— IV. The shade is rendered somewhat paler and brighter in a weak chlorine bath. — Diamine Fast Yellow A, coupled with Nitrazol C, is generally given the prefe- rence over Primuline owing to its superior fastness to light and washing, principally for yelloiv shades, but also for shading brown and olive tones. Another brand: Diamine Fast Yellow AR. Tie shade is rendered newhat more greenish by stoving. IV. — Very easily dischargeable. Used for the production of bright orange shades, and further for shading Browns. he shade is rendered somewhat latter and bluer by stoving. m. — 1 Easily dischargeable. The coupled scarlet shades, although not possessing quite the same good fastness to leashing as diazotised and developed shades, come into consideration when better fast- ness to washing is desired than obtained with direct Reds. 'ithstands nat stoving ery well. II. Withstands a short treatment in a weak chlorine bath. Very easily dischargeable. ! Used principally for the production of claret shades, or, in combination with Diamine Nitrazol Scarlet A, for deep shades of Red. ithstands lal stoving ?ry well. III. — Easily dischargeable. Suited for full shades of Violet, and used also for saddening claret shades in com- bination with Diamine Nitrazol Bordeaux GB. 110 DIAMINE COLOURS Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeii Oxy Diamine Orange G coupled with Nitrazol C 2% 3% 301 Oxy Diamine Orange R coupled with Nitrazol C 2% 3% Cotton Brown N coupled with Nitrazol C 2% 3% 303 Cotton Brown A coupled with Nitrazol C 2% Oxy Diamine Brown G coupled with Nitrazol C 2% 3% Oxy Diamine Brown RN collided with Nitrazol C 2% 3% White cotton is hardly stained at all by light shades and only slightly so by deep ones. Somewhat better in this respect than Oxy Diamine Orange G. Not equal in this respect to Oxy Diamine Orange R. White cotton is slightly stained by light as well as by deep shades. Same as Cotton Brown N. White cotton is not stained at all by light shades and is but very slightly stained by deep ones. Not quite so good in this respect as Oxy Diamine Brown G. II. Acetic acid 50% renders the shade more yellowish. The shade not affected acid boiling and white wi is but slight stained. II. Same as Oxy Diamine Orange G. Somewhat better than Oxy Diamin Orange G. II— III. The shade is rendered slightly more yellowish by acetic acid 50%. II— III. The shade is rendered somewhat more yellowish by acetic acid 50%. ii— in. ii— m. Same as Cotton Brown N. Same as Oxy Diamin Orange G. Acetic acid 50«/o renders the shade but very slightly more yellowish. The shade i not altered 1 boiling in a acid bath; white wool slightly stain Ill COUPLED. Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldite Remarks The shade is rendered somewhat brighter by stoving. II— III. Light shades are easily dischargeable deep shades are applicable for coloured discharging only. The two brands, when coupled, yield very full shades of Brown, which owing to their good fastness to washing are frequently used for hank dyeing and for the dyeing of hosiery goods. Same as Oxy Diamine Orange G. II— III. — Applicable for : coloured discharging only. Same as Oxy Diamine Orange G. V. — Light shades are easily dischargeable ; deep shades are applicable for coloured discharging only. These two Cotton Brown brands are not (quite equal to the other brown coupling dyestuffs in fastness to washing, but yield deep, full, yellowish brown tones such as are frequently required for cheap goods. Same as )xy Diamine Orange G. IV— V. — Same as Cotton Brown N. After the stoving the shade is a little paler nd brighter. III. — Same as Cotton Brown N. The shades are somewhat more covered in shade than those of the Oxy Diamine Orange brands, and are used for the same purposes as the latter. Oxy Diamine Brown jGN is a further brand yielding brighter and more yellowish shades, which are not quite so fast to washing and acids. After the stoving the 9hade is noticeably paler and brighter. III. — Same as Cotton Brown N. 112 DIAMINE COLOURS Name of Dyestuff 306 Diamine Nitrazol Brown GF pat. coupled with Nitrazol C 2% 3% 307 Diamine Nitrazol Brown B coupled witli Nitrazol C iy a % 2i/ 2 % 308 Diamine Nitrazol Brown BD coupled with Nitrazol C iy a % 2^ % 309 Diamine Nitrazol Brown T coupled with Nitrazol C iy a % 2y 2 % 310 Diamine Brown MR coupled with Nitrazol C 311 Diamine Brown S coupled with Nitrazol C iy a % ay 2 % Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Aeids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyein White cotton is hardly in the least stained by light shades and only very triflingly so by deep ones. II. The shade is hardly altered by acetic acid 50 °/o. By boiling ii an acid batt the shade is not altered, white wool n being stainei by light shad and but slightly by deep ones. Same as Diamine Nitrazol Brown GF. III. The shade is not affected by acetic acid 50%, and is altered but slightly by dilute hydro- chloric acid. Not quite s( good as Diamine Nitrazol Brown GF. Same as Diamine Nitrazol Brown GF. III. Acetic acid 50% renders the shade somewhat more yellowish. Same as Diamine Nitrazol Brown GF. Same as Diamine Nitrazol Brown GF. III. Same as Diamine Nitrazol Brown BD. Same as Diamine Nitrazol B. Same as Diamine Nitrazol Brown GF. III. The shade is rendered a little more yellowish by acetic acid 50%. Very little inferior in this respect to Diamine Brown MR. ii— hi. The shade is hardly altered by acetic acid 50 %. COUPLED. 113 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldite Remarks The shade becomes noticeably lighter and brighter by stoving. IV. Very easily dischargeable. The Diamine Nitrazol Brown brands, when coupled, yield shades of very good fastness to washing and milling, and are used very extensively where cheapness and depth of shade are main factors. Diamine Nitrazol Brown GF yields the brightest shades most on the yellow side; the brands B, BD and T dye very deep shades of dark brown. A further brand, Diamine Nitrazol Brown G, is somewhat brighter in shade than BD, while another brand, viz. Diamine Nitrazol Brown RD, yields distinctly reddish browns. Same as Diamine . trazol Brown GF. IV— V. — Easily dischargeable. Same as Diamine trazol Brown GF. IV. — Easily dischargeable. Same as Diamine trazol Brown GF. IV. — Only suited for coloured discharging. Same as Diamine trazol Brown GF. II— III. — Very easily dischargeable. Diamine Brown MR and S are used for the same purposes as the Diamine Nitrazol Brown brands. Two further brands, viz. Diamine Brown MRD and SD, serve principally for discharge work. Further shades of brown, particularly dark brown, may be obtained also with Oxy Diamine Black SA, SA extra cone, and RR by coupling with Nitrazol C. Tie shade is jut slightly altered by rmal stoving. II. — Very easily dischargeable. i 114 DIAMINE COLOURS Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeii 312 Diamine Nitrazol Blue BR pat. coupled with Nitrazol C 2% 3% White cotton is not stained by light shades, and is only jslightly stained by deep shades. II— III. The shade is not altered by acetic acid 50°/o, and is only j slightly altered by dilute hydrochloric acid. 313 Diamineral Blue CV coupled with Nitrazol C 2% 3% Not quite equal to Diamine Nitrazol Blue BR. ii. The shade is not altered either by acetic acid 50% or hydrochloric acid. Diamine Bengal Blue G coupled with Nitrazol C 2% 3% Same as Diamineral Blue CV. II. Acetic acid 50°/o renders the shade more violet. 315 Diamine Blue NC coupled with Nitrazol C 2% 3% Approximately as good as Diamine Nitrazol Blue BR. II. Acetic acid 50°/o renders the shade just a trace more reddish. 316 Diamine Bronze G coupled with Nitrazol C 1 Vfc% 2i/ 2 % 317 Diamine Grey G coupled with Nitrazol C 1 %% 2 %% White cotton is not stained by light shades, and is but slightly stained by deep shades. II— III. The shade is rendered but slightly more reddish with acetic acid 50%, and is hardly noticeably altered by dilute hydrochloric acid. Somewhat better than Diamine Bronze G. II— III. The shade Is hardly altered by acetic acid 50 %. The shade resists acic cross-dyeinj White wool stained bu: slightly. COUPLED. 115 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldite Remarks esists normal storing quite well. The lade is hardly altered after washing. n— in. The shade resists a short treatment in a weak chlorine bath. Easily dischargeable. Coupled shades of Diamine Nitrazol Blue BR possess comparatively good fastness to leashing and light , and are in the first place useful for dyeing navy blues on loose cotton, hanks and piece-goods. The good dischargeability renders the product also valuable for print styles. Same as Diamine Vitrazol Blue BR. i. Easily dischargeable. Diamineral Blue CV yields brighter shades more on the violet side than Diamine Nitrazol Blue BR, and is used for the same purposes as the latter. Further brands, which may likewise be treated with Nitrazol: Diamineral Blue CVB n tt 3BC. esists normal stoving very well. II— HI. — Easily dischargeable. The two brands, of which Diamine Blue NC approaches Diamine Nitrazol Blue BR closely in fastness to washing, yield more covered shades than the latter. They are used for saddening or for the production of blue-black shades. esists normal roving very well. hi. — In light shades easily dischargeable, in deep shades only suited for coloured discharging. esists normal toving very well. IV. — Very easily dischargeable. Diamine Bronze G and Diamine Grey G are used principally for producing mode shades > and dark grey shades of comparatively good fastness to washing and light and of very good dischargeability. sists normal oving very well. IV. — 116 DIAMINE COLOURS Name of Dyestuff 318 Diamine Nitrazol Green GF pat. coupled with Nitrazol C 2% 3% 319 Diamine Nitrazol Green BB pat. coupled with Nitrazol C 2% 3% 320 Diamine Nitrazol Green S coupled with Nitrazol C 2% 3% 321 Diamine Nitrazol Black B coupled with Nitrazol C 3% 4% 322 Oxy Diamine Black JEI coupled with Nitrazol C 3% 4% 323 Oxy Diamine Carbon JEI coupled with Nitrazol C 1V4% 2y 2 % Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids White cotton is slightly stained by light shades and somewhat more so by deep shades. Ill— IV. The shade is not altered by acetic acid 500/o and only a little by dilute hydrochloric acid. iii. Same as Diamine Nitrazol Green GF. II. The shade is hardly altered by acetic acid 50 °/o. Same as Diamine Nitrazol Green. IIL Neither acetic acid 50°/o nor dilute hydrochloric acid alter the shade. Somewhat superior to Diamine Nitrazol Black B. i— n. i— n. Same as Diamine Nitrazol Black B. Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing By boiling in an acid bath the shade is rendered somewhat brighter; white wool is slightly stained. When boiled in an acid bath, the shade is hardly altered; white wool is slightly stained. Somewhat inferior in this respect to Diamine Nitrazol Blacl B. COUPLED. 117 Fastness o Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldite Remarks esist normal stoving very well. m. — Very easily dischargeable. The coupled shades of Diamine Nitrazol Green are distinguished for very good fastness to u ashing and light. Their good dischargeability renders them very useful for discharge work. Diamine Nitrazol Green G resembles the GF brand, but is somewhat more bluish in shade. m. n. — This product is distinguished from the above-mentioned Diamine Nitrazol Greens by the property of yielding also in direct dyeing a full shade of green which, when coupled, is rendered somewhat fuller and considerably faster to washing. ists normal stoving *ery well. Ill— IV. — Easily dischargeable. The Diamine Nitrazol Black brands, coupled with Nitrazol C, yield comparatively full ’ Blacks of good fastness to washing and milling, which are used for yarn, loose cotton and piece-goods. Further brands: Diamine Nitrazol Black BB „ „ KG KR. sist normal stoving very well. v. — Easily dischargeable. The Oxy Diamine Black and Oxy Diamine Carbon brands yield somewhat fuller shades than Diamine Nitrazol Black, and serve for saddening or for the production of Blacks on cheap goods, which apart from good fastness to washing require comparatively good fastness to acids. The Oxy Diamine Carbon brands are con- siderably superior in tinctorial and covering power to the Oxy Diamine Black brands. Further similar brands which are treated ' with Nitrazol C are the following: Oxy Diamine Black A, AM, D, JB, JE, JIV, JWF, UI „ JWB extra cone. „ JWN extra cone. „ JIVR extra cone. „ JWF Superior Oxy Diamine Carbon JB. “Extra cone." brands of all the ordinary Oxy Diamine Black s are also on the market. V. — B. BASIC COLOURS. BASIC Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing 324 Thioflavine T 1% 2% Very good; the shade withstands even washing with soda relatively well. II. The shade is not altered by acetic acid 50 o/o. The shade withstands acid cross-dyeing very well without staining the wool. 325 Diamond Phosphine GG i% Diamond Phosphine R 1% 2% Para Phosphine G pat. The shades withstand a light washing with soap quite well. II. Same as Thioflavine T. Similar to Thioflavine T. The wool is however slightly stained. Same as Diamond Phosphine GG. ii. Same as Thioflavine T. Similar to Thioflavine T, but the wool is stained slightly yellowish. New Phosphine G Inferior to Para Phosphine G. ii— in. Same as Thioflavine T. 329 Tannin Orange R Powder In severe washing the shade loses to some extent in intensity, but is still sufficiently resistant. ii. The shade is scarcely altered by acetic acid 50 °/o. In acid cross-dyeing the shade becomes somewhat lighter, and white wool is slightly stained. COLOURS. 121 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Remarks The shade well washed after normal stoving is somewhat lighter and brighter. IV— V. Resists a weak chloring and also dry chloring. Thioflavine T, owing to its very bright greenish yellow tone, ranks among the most important yellow dyestuffs. The shades possess good fastness to washing and acids. Apart from being very useful for printing, for which purpose its good fastness to chlorine is also valuable, Thicflavine T is suited for the production of bright yellows and greenish yellows in yarn and piece dyeing. It is frequently used in the union goods trade for effect yarns and resists acid cross-dyeing well. Thiojiavine TCN is a further brand fairly closely approaching Thioflavine T in its properties. The shades are hardly altered after V — The Diamond Phosphines serve as substitutes for the older Phosphines, and their levelling properties are normal stoving and good washing. — excellent. They are very well suited for dyeing cotton, and especially also for printing, as well as for topping shades produced with other dyestuffs. The shade is more reddish after washing. V. — The Para Phosphines behave similarly to the Diamond Phosphines, and are applied in exactly the same manner. Further products are the following: Para Phosphine R, GG, AGE, L, P. Same as ?araphosphine G. V. New Phosphine G is not employed much for dyeing, but is used principally for printing cotton, half-wool and half-silk. After washing the shade is omewhat more yellowish. White wool stoved alongside is lightly stained. IV— V. — Tannin Orange yields dyeings of comparatively good fast- ness to washing and light. It is used for the production of orange shades on cotton mordanted with tannin, and for dyeing yellowish red shades by shading with Safranine. Tannin Orange R Paste „ GG are further brands belonging to the same group; the latter yields more yellowish shades. 16 122 Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Chryso'idine AG 1% 2% 331 Bismarck Brown GG Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Not fast to washing. II. I— II. The shade turns just a little towards yellow by acetic acid 50 °/o. BASIC Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing 332 Irisamine G 1% 2% 333 Rosazeine 6G 1 % 2 % The shades lose but little in depth and do not bleed on to white cotton. The shade is altered very II. slightly by acetic acid 50%. i— ii. Safranine G extra No. 0 1% 2% Tannin Heliotrope 1% 2% White cotton is not stained by light shades and is but slightly stained by deep shades. The shade is altered somewhat more by acetic acid 50% than that of Irisamine G. The shades become somewhat lighter in acid cross-dyeing; but the fastness is still sufficient for a good many articles. ii— in. n— iii. The shade is hardly altered by acetic acid 50%; by dilute hydrochloric acid It Is turned blue. COLOURS 123 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Remarks The shade is only a little more reddish after washing; white wool stoved alongside is stained ather strongly. II. j These dyestuffs are used principally for topping. Further brands are the following; Chrysoiciine AG Crystals „ R „ F FF „ FN „ FNA Bismarck Brown „ EE „ F „ FF FFG „ PS „ o IV The shade after good washing is ardly changed, nd white wool stoved alongside is stained but slightly. III. — \.fter washing, the shade i9 somewhat lighter and bluer; white wool stoved alongside s stained but very slightly. V. — Irisamine G and Rosazeine 6G are used especially for the production of bright shades of pink; they are relatively very fast to washing and acids. Extensively used in cotton dyeing and particularly also for printing. They may be dyed either on a tannin and antimony mordant or on a mordant of Turkey-red oil, yielding on the latter considerably brighter shades, which however in point of fastness to washing are considerably inferior to the shades produced on a tannin and antimony mordant. Irisamine G extra is another brand, of superior tinctorial power. Lfter washing the shade is affected but very little; white wool stoved alongside is ardly stained. V. — Same as tosazelne 6G; white wool stoved alongside is stained imewhat more strongly. IV— V. The Safranines are used extensively in cotton printing and in the dyeing of union goods as well as for brightening cotton dyeings. In velveteen dyeing the Safranines are used partly for the production of deep reds and partly also for topping. Further brands are the following: Safranine G No. I, G No. 140, GG extra No. 0, G G No. l, G GS, B extra No. 0, B No. 1, B No. 140, BS, RS, SP, S No. iso. After the washing the shade is not iltered ; white wool stoved alongside is ained to some degree. IV-V. | — Tannin Heliotrope belongs to the group of Safranines; it is equally as good as these in fastness to washing and light, and is applied for the same purposes. The only feature in which it differs from the Safranines is its more violetish shade. 16 * 124 BASIC Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing Magenta la. Dia. %% l‘/2% The shade with- stands a light washing with soap. The shade is hardly altered by acetic acid 50 yo; by dilute hydrochloric acid it is turned yellow. Methyl Violet BB72 No. 0 y 2 % iy 2 % The shade resists washing fairly well, The shade is hardly altered by acetic acid 50%; by dilute hydrochloric acid it is turned greenish yellow. The more bluish Methyl Violet brands withstand acid cross-dyeing well, and white wool is but slightly stained. Fast Neutral Violet B Powder 1% 2% Better in this respect than Methyl Violet. ii. The shade is turned somewhat more violetish by acetic acid 50%. In acid cross-dyeing the shade becomes somewhat lighter, and white wool is not stained much. 339 Crystal Violet 10B 340 New Methylene Blue 3R Same as Methyl Violet. Same as Methyl Violet. i— ii. New Methylene Blue R Good in soap and soda washing, the shade only turning somewhat more purplish. The shade becomes somewhat more bluish by acetic acid 50%, and greenish by dilute hydrochloric acid. II. Not quite so good as Methyl Violet. Same as New Methylene Blue 3R. The shades are of good fastness to acid cross- dyeing and stain the wool less than the Methyl Violets. COLOURS. 125 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Remarks fter washing the shade is somewhat bluer; white wool stoved alongside is tained rather severely. ii— in. — Magenta la. Dia. is used principally for its bright bluish red shade , and is applied both on mordanted coiioti and for topping purposes. Magenta la. Dia. is marketed in small and in large crystals; other brands are the following: Magenta CIV, CN50, Magenta Yellow shade, New Magenta O, Cerise N, IA, Geranium GN, Aniline Brown (Maroon), Russian Red B, G, Neutral Red extra. fter thorough washing the shade is somewhat fected; white wool stoved alongside is ained to some degree. IV. Like Magenta, it is appreciated for its specially bright shade. The other brands on the market are the following : Methyl Violet B No 0, B No 1, BB 72 No 1, BB 7 2 No 2, BB Sj No 0, BB 83 No 1, 3BD No 0, 3BD No 1, 3B No 0, 3B No 1, 4 B No 0, 4B No 1, 4B No 2, 5B No 0, yB No 1, OB No 0, OB No 1, R No 0, R No 1, 2R No 1, 3R No 1, 4R No. 1. fter washing the shade appears somewhat purer : white wool stoved alongside is stained but little. IV— V. Fast Neutral Violet B, though not quite equal to Methyl Violet in brightness of shade, is superior to the latter in fastness to washing and light. The same dyestuff is also in the market as Fast Neutral Violet B Paste. fter washing the shade is irdly affected; white wool stoved alongside is stained to a certain degree. IV— V. Crystal Violet 10B is superior in solubility to the Methyl Violet brands and brighter in shade than these. Crystal Violet 5 /*’ bluish is a further brand of the same group. \fter washing the shade is somewhat bluer. IV— V. Both these products are used for the dyeing of bright navy blue shades on yarn and woven fabrics, and very extensively also for printing such shades. IV— V. — 126 BASIC Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing New Methylene Blue N 1% 2% Very good. The shade withstands normal washing with soda and soap quite well. Ill— IV. 343 New Methylene Blue NX 1 % 2 % Same as New Methylene Blue N. The shade is rendered somewhat brighter by acetic acid 50°/o and by dilute hydrochloric acid. The shade becomes Ill— IV. somewhat more greenish by acetic acid 50 °/o. 344 New Methylene Blue GG 1% 2% Methylene Blue BB 1% 2% Same as Same as Same as New Methylene Ill— IV. New Methylene New Methylene Blue GG. Blue N. Blue N. 34(1 Victoria Blue B 1% 2% Same as New Methylene Blue N, somewhat better if anything. Ill— IV. In acid cross-dyeing the shade remains unal- tered, and white wool is stained but lightly. Same as New Methylene Blue N. In acid cross-dyeing, New Methylene Blue GG behaves somewhat better still than the “N“ brand, white wool not being stained. Somewhat better than Methylene Blue BB. The shade becomes somewhat bluer by acetic acid 50%, and greenish by dilute hydrochloric acid. Same as New Methylene Blue N. 347 Metaphenylene Blue B 2% 3% I Very good; the shade is I rendered but slightly lighter. ii— in. The shade is rendered somewhat brighter by acetic acid 50%. Very good In fastness to acids; in acid cross-dyeing the shade is not changed, and white wool is not stained. COLOURS 127 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chlorlng Remarks After thorough washing, the shade is somewhat brighter; white wool atoved alongside is but slightly stained. III. The Methylene Blue brands, owing to their good fastness to washing and light, are some of the most generally employed basic dyestuffs; they are used very extensively for piece and hank dyeing as well as for printing. They arc moreover employed very largely for the topping of Diamine and Immedial dyeings. Further brands of the same group are the following: New Methylene Blue GB ,, ,, „ NSS (free from sine ) „ „ „ NSSF ( „ „ „ ) Methylene Blue DBB ( „ „ ,, ). After washing, the shade appears somewhat more greenish. Ill— IV. Same as S’ew Methylene Blue N. II— III. Same as 'few Methylene Blue N. II. Resists weak chloring and dry chlorlng. Same as few Methylene Blue XX. I. — Victoria Blue B yields clearer and brighter shades than the Methylene Blue brands; in fastness to washing it is somewhat superior to the latter. Owing to its goods fastness to acid boiling, Victoria Blue B may be used for the dyeing of warps and effect yarns in union goods which are subsequently cross-dyed. Victoria Blue R is another, more reddish brand. Withstands aormal stoving quite well. IV. Used for the production of Indigo imitations, principally on previously mordanted material in hank and piece dyeing. Further brands: Metaphenylette Blue BB „ „ BBR „ „ R „ „ RJ. 128 BASIC Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing 348 Indazine M 1 % 2 % Very good; similar to New Methylene Blue (pages 124 — 127). III. The shade becomes somewhat brighter by acetic acid 50°/o. In acid cross-dyeing the shade becomes but slightly paler; white wool is some- what stained. Naphtindone BB 1% 2% Methyl Indone B The shade is of excellent fastness to washing, and only when boiled in a severely alkaline lye it turns more towards violet. in— IV. The product is as excellent in fastness to washing as Naphtindone, and the shade is not altered even in severely alkaline washing. IV. Same as Indazine M. Same as Indazine M. Acids render the shade somewhat more violetish. In acid cross-dyeing the shade becomes somewhat lighter; white wool is some- what stained. 351 New Blue D 120 1% 2% New Blue R IV The shades resist well a neutral soap washing. When washed with soda, the shades are affected. The shades become somewhat more greenish by acetic acid 50°/o. Acetinduline R Paste 3% 6% Very good. The shade is not affected even in severe washing, and white cotton is hardly stained. IV. n— in. The shade becomes more bluish by acetic acid 50 o/o. COLOURS. 129 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Remarks esists normal stoving very well. IV— V. Indazine M combines a very bright shade xvith very good fastness to washing, and is used for hank and piece dyeing; it is very serviceable also as a dyestuff for topping. In order to reduce their brightness, the shades of Indazine M are frequently saddened with iron. .4. somewhat fuller shade is obtained with Indazine L, another brand of the same group. lightly more reddish after the washing. IV— V. Withstands a weak chloring. Naphtindone among the Basic Colours is the best substitute for Indigo, the shades obtained therewith being very similar to those of Indigo in reflected and transmitted light and possessing very good fastness to light, washing and acids. It can be dyed on a mordant of tannin and antimony, and may also be used for topping dyeings of Diamine and Immedial Colours. It moreover dyes unmordanted cotton fairly fast to washing, and is used a great deal in printing for the production of the blue and red style by discharging with tin crystals. Further brands: Naphtindone BR „ T. esists normal stoving very well. IV. Methylindone is used principally for the production of light Indigo shades, and is one of the best basic dyestuffs in respect to fastness to light. Methylindone R is a further, somewhat redder brand. The shade is slightly m. — New Blue ranks among the most extensively used of the basic dyestuffs, and is applied widely as a topping colour and also in printing for the production of Indigo shades. Further brands of different shade are the following: New Blue R crystals „ D paste , .. extra F greener after washing. hi. „ FL „ L „ B „ BF „ G „ No. 7556 Neutral Blue. lesists normal stoving very well. n— hi. — Acetinduline R Paste is extensively used in cotton printing for the production of deep navy blues shades. Further brands: Acetinduline 2332J „ 314b J. While Acetinduline is rendered soluble in water by the addition of acetine, the corresponding Printing Blue H Powder and Paste are used with the addition of acetine to the printing paste. 17 130 BASIC Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing 354 Brilliant Green Crystals extra The shade withstands a light washing with soap quite well without bleeding, and is rendered much lighter by washing with soda. The shade is not altered by acetic acid 50 o/o ; dilute hydrochloric acid renders the shade olive. 355 Solid Green crystals 0 Not equal to Brilliant Green, II. Acetic acid 50% renders the shade a little brighter, dilute hydro- chloric acid changing it to green olive. The shades are rendered a little lighter by boiling in an acid bath; white wool is very slightly stained. 356 Jute Black GN 1% 3% | The shade resists light washing with soap quite well without bleeding on to cotton. II. Ac6tic acid 50% renders the shade a little brighter, dilute hydrochloric acid changing it to olive. 357 Black for Artificial Silk G 358 Black for Artificial Silk GNB Somewhat superior to Jute Black GN. III. Acetic acid 50% does not alter dark shades, and only slightly affects light ones. in. Not quite equal to Black for Artificial Silk G. Black for Artificial Silk B If anything superior to Black for Artificial SilkG. III. Somewhat superior to Black for Artificial Silk G, COLOURS. 131 Fastness to Stoving Fastness „ . Fastness „ . „ t0 , to Chlorlng Hot Pressing Remarks The shade is only slightly altered after a good washing. White wool stored alongside is rather severely stained. rv T . — The tico products are employed for the production of bright green shades on cotton hanks and piece-goods. They are further used for topping Diamine and Immedial Colours, as well as for printing. Further brands are the following : Brilliant Green crystals A No I Solid Green crystals OO „ „ A No i „ „ extra J „ „ 4V and Malachite Green cone. Ill— IV. — — In light shades n, in dark shades V. — Jute Black GN as well as Jute Black 8174 .. 9375 „ 00624 N are very extensively used for the dyeing of jute, cocoa-nut fibre, piassava, sisal, Manila hemp, straw, etc. The shade i 9 considerably redder after washing. In light shades m, in dark shades V. The various brands of Black for Artificial Silk are not very largely employed for the dyeing of cotton goods, their principal application being for the dyeing of artificial silk. Further brands are the following: Black for Artificial Silk BN „ „ „ „ GN „ „ „ „ GGN „ .. „ „ 3GN „ „ „ GNIV TN. In light shades III— IV, in dark shades V. 1 17 * PARANITRANILINE RED. ISAMINE BLUE. ACID COLOURS. 134 PARANITRANILINE RED. 360 Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing The shade resists severe washing very well without staining white cotton. IV. The shade is not altered by acetic acid 50°/o, nor by dilute hydrochloric acid. The shade resists acid cross-dyeing very well, and white wool is only stained slightly reddish. Fastness to Stoving The shade resists normal stoving very well. Fastness to Hot Pressing IV. Fastness to Chloring The shade withstands chloring very well, but does not resist bowking. Discharges with Hyraldite Very easilj' dischargeable. Paranitraniline Red (Para Red) is very extensively employed as a substitute for Alizarine Red owing to the simple method of its application and to the excellent fastness of the colour, and further also on account of its good dischargeability. Paranitraniline Red is not employed as a ready dyestuff, but is produced on the fibre only. Cotton hanks and piece-goods are for this purpose impregnated with a solution of Beta Naphtol and are then treated with diazotised Paranitraniline or Nitrazol C, the Red being thereby at once formed. For full particulars of dyeing Paranitraniline Red on hanks and pieces, see our “Manual of Dyeing”, Yol. I, 2nd edition, pages 73 and 250. 135 ISAMINE BLUE. Isamine Blue 8B Isamine Blue 6B 1 °/o 3 o/o 1 o/o 3 % The Isamine Bines possess very bright and pure shades, and are employed when such shades are wanted, without any special requirements for fastness to light and washing. Isamine Blue is dyed for about K to 1 hour in a bath of 70 — 80° C. (160 — 175° F.) charged according to the depth of shade required with 1 — 3 lbs Glauber’s salt crystals and 1 Ys — 3 oz acetic acid per 10 gallons liquor. When rinsing the goods after dyeing, it is advisable to add a little acetic acid to the rinsing bath. As the dyestuffs do not exhaust, it is best to preserve the dyebaths for dyeing subsequent lots; when dyeing in the old bath, only about one-half to two-thirds the quantities of dyestuff used originally need be added. The above recipe applies equally for yarns and for piece-goods. ACID COLOURS. (Orange, Croceine and Scarlet; Eosines; Water Blue and Induline; Alizarines.) Acid Colours are used principally for producing very bright shades on cotton, when no special demands are made with regard to fastness to washing. The Alizarines are employed mainly for blueing white cotton. ORANGE, CROCEINE AND SCARLET. The following brands are very well suited for cotton dyeing: Orange EN Brilliant Croceine M, MOO, B, 2B, 3B, 5B, 6B, 7B and 9B Croceine AZ Scarlet FR, FRR, FRRR. Of the aforementioned brands, the Croceines are in the first place of special importance, because they yield very bright scarlet shades of excellent fastness to light. DYEING DIRECTIONS FOR YARNS. Dye in a very short bath containing the dyestuff and about 4 oz alum and 2 lbs desiccated Glauber’s salt per 10 gallons liquor. The quantities of dyestuff vary with the depth of shade to be produced, the first bath requiring considerably larger quantities of dyestuff than the subsequent ones; for instance: Starting Bath: Subsequent Baths: For deep shades 10% 2 % dyestuff for light shades 3% 0.5% „ Enter the cotton at about 50 — 70° C. (120 — 160° F.), and allow the bath to cool off whilst dyeing. Hereafter wring or squeeze off evenly, and dry at a moderate temperature without rinsing. 137 DYEING DIRECTIONS FOR PIECE-GOODS. The dyeing is done exclusively in the padding machine, the goods being either dyed direct or previously mordanted with stannate of soda. a) Direct Dyeing. Charge the padding machine with a liquor containing 8 oz alum 8 „ desiccated Glauber’s salt 1 lb dextrine per 10 gallons liquor in addition to the requisite dyestuff (1 — 3 lbs per 10 gallons), give two passages at 60° C. (140° F.) without previously wetting the goods, and dry without rinsing. b) Dyeing Mordanted Goods. Mordant cold in the padding machine by giving 2 to 4 passages with a solution of 214 — 3 lbs stannate of soda per 10 gallons liquor, and fix, without rinsing, in a second bath of neutralised alum, obtained by dissolving 2 lbs alum and | } per 10 gallons liquor. 5 oz soda crystals J The mordanted goods are given 2 to 4 passages through the fixing bath, and are then dyed in a fresh liquor at 60—70° C. (140 — 160° F.) with the requisite dyestuff but without any other additions. EOSINES. These are used preferably for the production of very pure, bright shades of pink which, however, are not equal to the Crocei'nes in resistance to light. The following products may be used: Eosine 3G, GGF, BN Eosine Scarlet B Erythrosine yellow shade, extra N, B, D Phloxine (749), S Bose Bengale extra N BosazeTne B. 18 138 DYEING DIRECTIONS FOR YARN. a) Direct Dyeing. Dye in a very short bath for Y> to % hour at 30 — 40° C. (85 — 105° F.) with the addition of common salt, wring or squeeze off evenly, and dry at a moderate temperature without rinsing; for instance: For 100 lbs cotton in approx. 120 — 140 gallons liquor, charge the bath with Starting Bath: For Subsequent Lots: Dyestuff 2 — 8 lbs 14 — 2 lbs Common salt 30—60 „ 4 — 10 „ Rosaze'ine B may be dyed also according to the following recipe on goods mordanted with Turkey-red oil, thus yielding exceedingly bright and pure shades. b) Dyeing on a Turkey-Red Oil Mordant. The yarn is soaked, a pound at a time, in a liquor of one part Turkey-red oil and two parts water, dried evenly and then mordanted again once or twice in the same manner. After every pound of cotton so treated, the liquor is freshened up with 1 Vi pints of the above mixture consisting of one part oil and two parts 'water. In some instances the goods, after the impregnation with Turkey-red oil, are further mordanted with acetate of alumina (approx. 4° Tw.), then wrung off or whizzed, and likewise dried; this results in more bluish shades being obtained. Dye in a cold, short bath with the addition of a little acetic acid, and dry at moderate temperature. DYEING DIRECTIONS FOR PIECE-GOODS. a) Direct Dyeing. Dye in the padding machine by giving 2 to 4 passages in a lukewarm liquor containing in addition to the requisite quantity of dyestuff 3 lbs common salt and 1 lb dextrine | per 10 gallons liquor. After dyeing, dry without rinsing. 139 b) Dyeing Mordanted Goods. The goods are impregnated lukewarm with a 10% solution of Turkey-red oil, dried, then fixed with a cold solution of acetate of alumina of 4° Tw., and rinsed. The dyeing is done with the requisite quantity of dyestuff, but without any other additions, either cold or at 30 — 40° C. (85 — 105° F.) at the outside. Sometimes the goods are merely mordanted with Turkey-red oil by itself and then dried; in such case the dyeing is effected with the addition of 3 — 4 lbs common salt per 10 gallons dye liquor. WATER BLUE AND INDULINE. These dyestuffs are used principally for the production of light blue and light grey tones, when no special fastness is required and quick working is essential. The following brands are in regular use:. Water Blue B, RB, R Pure Soluble Blue Methyl Blue for Cotton Blue JBP, JB, BS, FS, RS, RRS Alkaline Blue 3R to 6B Induline B, 2B, 3B Solid Blue BD, BBD, R, 3R Aniline Grey B. R Silver Grey 1ST Xigrosine soluble in water. DYEING DIRECTIONS FOR YARNS. a) Direct Dyeing with Alum and Glauber’s Salt. The method of procedure is exactly the same as described for Croc-eine, except that only about one-half the quantity of dyestuff is required for the starting bath. The quantities of alum and Glauber’s salt to he added remain the same. b) Dyeing of Goods Mordanted with Tannin. The mordanting is carried out with tannin and antimony- according to the instructions given for the Basic Colours. The dyeing is done lukewarm with the addition of 5 — 10% alum, very 18 * 140 bright shades being thus obtained which are somewhat faster to washing than those produced according to Method (a), but they cannot claim any actual fastness to washing. The Alkaline Blues more particularly are dyed according to this latter method. DYEING DIRECTIONS FOR PIECE-GOODS. a) Direct Dyeing. This is carried out exactly in accordance with the directions indicated for Orange, Croceine and Scarlet. b) Dyeing of Mordanted Goods. The Water Blues and Indulines are frequently dyed on a tannin and antimony mordant in the manner customary for Basic Colours. The dyeing is done lukewarm with the requisite amount of dyestuff and the addition of 5 — 10% alum reckoned on the weight of the goods to be dyed. ALIZARINES. For blueing white cotton, the following Alizarine brands have been found specially valuable: Alizarine Cyanole EF pat. Alizarine Cyanole Violet R pat. Alizarine Brilliant Green G pat. In fastness to acids they are far superior to Ultramarine which is mostly used for the purpose, and their fastness to light is sufficient for all practical purposes. They are moreover very easily soluble and level easily, so that they are also very well suited for the blueing not only of hanks and loose cotton but also of cops, cheeses etc. for which Ultramarine cannot be used; they are used also for the blueing of piece-goods. The dyestuffs are dissolved in boiling water, as soft as possible, whereupon the solution is filtered. It is well to keep a stock solution of 3 A oz dyestuff per 10 gallons, taking the requisite quantities therefrom for additions to the bath. The blueing may be done in the last rinsing bath or in the soaping, or again by adding the dyestuff to the finishing paste. D. IMMEDIAL COLOURS. 142 IMMEDIAL Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing 365 Immedial Yellow GG pat. 3% 6% White cotton is not stained even by deep shades. II. Acetic acid 50°/o slightly reddens the shade. The shade is reddened slightly by boiling in an acid bath; white wool is not stained. Immedial Yellow D pat. 3% 6% Very good; white cotton I is not stained even by deep shades in severe washing. n— in. Acetic acid 50°/o does not alter the shade and hydrochloric acid affects it but slightly. Very good; the shade is hardly at all altered by boiling in an acid bath, and white wool is not stained. Not altered Same as II— III. by acetic acid Immedial 50 °/o. Yellow I). III. Hardly altered by Same as Immedial : Yellow D. acetic acid 50%. II— III. Not altered either by acetic acid Same as II— III. 50% or by Immedial dilute Yellow D. hydrochloric acid. Immedial Orange C pat. 3% 6% 368 Immedial Khaki D pat. 2% 4% 369 Immedial Khaki G pat. 2% 4% Immedial Bronze A pat. 3 % 6 % Same as Immedial Yellow D. • By an aftertreatment with bichrome and copper sulphate o COLOURS. 143 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Remarks On rinsing after normal stoving the shade is considerably brighter. IV. The shade may be considered fast to chloring except that it is rendered considerably more reddish. Immedial Yellow GG dyes very bright yellows and serves for the production of greenish yellow shades as well as for the shading of Greens. When using Immedial Yellow GG it is well to add some acetic acid to the last rinsing bath. Immedial Yellow GG double for Printing is another brand, specially suited for printing. Same as Immedial Yellow GG. IV— V. — Immedial Yellow D and Immedial Orange C serve, for the production of full yellow and orange shades, as also for the shading of green, olive and brown tones. Suitable for printing: Immedial Yellow D double for Printing Immedial Orange C double for Printing. IV— V. Same as Immedial Yellow GG. V. Immedial Khaki D and G are special products used principally for the production of khaki and for shading yellowish mode shades and browns. V. Same as Immedial Yellow GG. V. Used preferably for the production of light mode shades. copper sulphate by itself, the fastness to light is considerably increased. 144 IMMEDIAL Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing 371 Immedial Green Yellow G pat. 3% 372 Immedial Yellow Olive G pat. 3% 6% 373 Immedial Yellow Olive 5G pat. 3% 6% 374 Immedial Olive B pat. 3% 6% 375 Immedial Olive GG pat. 3% 6% 376 Immedial Olive SG III— IV. The shade is hardly altered by acetic acid 50°/o. Very good; white cotton is not stained even by deep shades in severe washing. Ill— IV. Same as Immedial Green Yellow G. Ill— IV. Acetic acid 50°/o reddens the shade a little. IV— V. IV. Ill— IV. Same as Immedial Green Yellow G. Very good; the shade is scarcely altered by boiling in an acid bath, and white wool is not stained. By an aftertreatment with bichrome and copper sulphate or COLOURS. 145 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring After washing, the shade is somewhat IV— V. brighter. Remarks IV— V. Same as Immedial Green Yellow G. Immedial Green Yellow G and the Immedial Yellow Olive brands, owing to their good levelling properties, are in the first place applied as yellow elements in the production of green and olive shades, as well as for the production of yellowish mode shades. The products are especially well suited for machine -dyeing. Further brands are the following: Immedial Yellow Olive GB which dyes more covering than the Immedial Yellow Olive G, and for printing purposes Immedial Yellow Olive $G double for Printing. IV— V. Withstands normal stoving III. very well. Ill— IV. While dark greenish shades are obtained with Immedial Olive B, the other two brands yield brighter and more yellowish shades. They are used, either by themselves or in combination with the Immedial Yellow Olives, for the production of olive and bronze shades. After washing well, ► the shades are hardly altered. IV. Immedial Olive jG double for Printing is suitable for printing. copper sulphate by itself the fastness to light is considerably increased. 19 146 IMMEDIAL 377 Name of Dyestuff Fastness Fastness to Washing to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing Immedial Cutch 0 pat. 3% 6% 378 Immedial Cutch G pat. 3% 0% 379 Immedial Cutch BG pat. 3% 6% 380 Immedial Cutch OG pat. 3% 6% 381 Immedial Cutch R pat. 3% 6% 382 III. The shade is not altered by acetic acid 50% and is hardly affected by dilute hydrochloric acid. Very good; white cotton is not stained • even by deep shades in severe washing. III— IV. * Same as Immedial Cutch 0. III— IV. The shade is scarcely altered by acetic acid 50 °/o. Verj r good. By boiling in an acid bath the ; shades are hardly altered and white wool is not stained. in. Same as Immedial Cutch O. III. Immedial Yellow Brown EN pat. 3% 6% Somewhat superior to the Immedial Cutch brands. By an aftertreatment with bichrome and copper sulphate or COLOURS. 147 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Remarks After washing well, the shade is somewhat clearer and brighter. IV— V. V. In weak chlorine baths the shades are rendered somewhat lighter and more yellowish. After washing well, the shades are somewhat clearer. IV— V. The Immedial Cutcli brands are in fastness equal to the other Immedial Browns, and distinguished by a special fulness and brightness of shade. They are very extensively employed as substitutes for natural Cutch in the production of brown shades of every description on all kinds of cotton goods, particularly on weaving yarns and piece-goods, and especially also for tent- and sail-cloth. If high demands for fastness to light are made, the shades are aftertreated with biclirome and copper sulphate. The Immedial Cutch brands are also very well suited for machine-dyeing. Further brands are the following: Immedial Cutch BGG standing in shade between Immedial Cutch OG and BG, and Immedial Cutch OR which is somewhat more yellowish than Immedial Cutch R. Immedial Cutch O double for Printing is especially well suited for printing purposes. After washing well, the shade is somewhat clearer and brighter. IV— V. Immedial Yellow Brown EN closely approaches the Immedial Cutch brands in shade, and is used for the same purposes as the latter. opper sulphate by itself the fastness to light is considerably Increased. 19 * 148 IMMEDIAL 383 Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness Fastness to Light to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing Immedial Brown G pat. 3% 6% 384 Immedial Brown BR 3% 6% 385 III— IV. The shade Is not altered by acetic acid 50 o/o. Ill— IV. Immedial Brown B pat. 3% 6% 386 Immedial Dark Brown A pat. 3% 6% Very good; white cotton is not stained even by deep shades in severe washing. 387 Immedial Brown RR pat. 3% 6% 388 Immedial Brown W cone. pat. III. III. III. The shades are rendered but slightly more yellowish by acetic acid 50 o/o. Very good; The shades are not altered by boiling in an acid bath, and white wool is not stained. m. The shade is not altered by acetic acid 50 o/o. By an aftertreatment with bichrome and copper sulphate or COLOURS 149 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Remarks Withstand normal stoving very well. Ill— IV. — IV— V. — IV— V. IV. - IV— V. — IV— V. These dyestuffs are used, both o,s self colours and in combination with the Immedial Cutch brands, for the production of the greatest variety of brown shades on all kinds of cotton goods. Immedial Brown G is the most yellowish brand, Immedial Brown B. BR, Immedial Dark Brown A yielding full, deep shades of brown, whereas Immedial Brown RR and W cone, are employed for more pronounced reddish tones. Immedial Brown BR double for Printing Immedial Dark Brown A double for Printing are further products specially suited for printing. copper sulphate by itself the fastness to light is considerably increased. 150 IMMEDIAL Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing 389 Immedial Dark Brown D cone. pat. 3% 6% Very good; white cotton is not stained even by deep shades in severe washing. IV. Acetic acid 50% renders the shade a trifle more yellowish. Very good; the shade is hardly altered by boiling in an acid bath, and white wool is not stained. 390 Immedial Maroon B cone. pat. 3% 391 Immedial Bordeaux G cone. pat. 3% 6% Immedial Bordeaux GF cone. pat. > 0 / * /o 6% III— IV. White cotton is but slightly stained by deep shades in severe washing. Ill— IV. Ill— IV. The shades are not altered by acetic acid 50%, and are but slightly affected by dilute hydrochloric acid. The shades are rendered somewhat duller by boiling in an acid bath; white wool is but slightly stained. 393 Immedial Red Brown 3R pat. 3% 6% Somewhat inferior in this respect to Immedial Maroon and Immedial Bordeaux. 394 Immedial Prune S pat. 3% 6% Same as Immedial Maroon and Immedial Bordeaux. II— III. Acids render the shade somewhat more yellowish. III. Very good; the shade is hardly altered by boiling in an acid bath, and white wool is not stained. Acetic acid 50% renders the shade somewhat clearer. Same as Immedial Red Brown 3 R. By an aftertreatment with bichrome and copper sulphate or COLOURS 151 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Remarks Withstands normal stoving very well. V. Immedial Dark Brown D cone., dyed in full shades, yields rather covered browns, and is frequently used for the production of mode shades on account of its particularly good fastness to light. The product is further most extensively applied as a bottoming dyestuff, particularly in the dyeing of cheap cotton piece-goods and velveteens, in which case the goods are usually topped with Basic Colours. Immedial Dark Brown DN cone, is another brand of the same group. Same as Immedial Dark V. Brown D cone. After washing, the shade is but little altered. III. After washing, ! the shade is but very slightly altered. nr. Withstands normal stoving III very well. Same as Immedial Red IV. Brown 3R. These products are the reddest among the series of brown Immedial Colours, and are used for the production of full shades of reddish Brown and particularly also as bottoms for claret shades. The very good fastness to acid boiling of Immedial Red Brown SR is of special '• importance, and on account of this special property it is frequently employed in dyeing warps fast to acid boiling such as are for instance required in plush dyeing'. By an addition of glue — - about one-quarter to one-fifth \ of the weight of the dyestuff — to the liquor, and dyeing \ at a low temperature of 50 — 60 o C. (120 — 1^0° F.), the brightness of the shades is enhanced. The following are further brands especially suited for printing: Immedial Maroon B double for Printing „ Bordeaux GF „ ,, „ „ Prune S „ ,, ,, copper sulphate by itself the fastness to light is considerably increased. 152 IMMEDIAL Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing Immedial Purple C pat. 4% S% 396 Immedial Violet C pat. 4% 8% Immedial Violet CB pat. 4% 8% 398 Immedial Violet CR pat. 4% 8 % The shades are rendered somewhat lighter in washing, and white cotton is slightly stained. ii. Somewhat better than Immedial Purple C. ii. ii— m. ii— m. White wool is perceptibly stained on boiling in an acid bath. Acetic acid 50% renders the shades more yellowish. The shades are hardly altered by boiling in an acid bath, and white wool is but slightly stained. 399 Immedial Indone Violet B cone. pat. 3% 6% i Very good; | white cotton ij is not stained, even by deep shades in severe washing. IV The shade is rendered somewhat more reddish by acetic acid 50 o/o. Very good; the shade is hardly altered by boiling in an acid bath, and white wool is not stained. Immedial Sky Blue Powder cone. pat. 3% 6% Approximately the same as Immedial Violet C. ii. The shade is rendered lighter by acetic acid 50°/o. The shade is rendered somewhat lighter by boiling in an acid bath; white wool is not stained. By an attertreatment with bichrome and copper sulphate or COLOURS. 153 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Remarks Withstand normal stoving very well. II— III. — Immedial Purple C dyes a very bright red shade, and is frequently used as a bottom for red and purple shades subsequently to be topped with Basic Colours. III. — Of the Immedial Violet brands, Immedial Violet C in particular yields very pure shades comparatively. The “CB” and “CR” brands are distinguished by their somewhat superior fastness to light; they are mainly used for bottoming goods which are subsequently topped with Basic Colours. Immedial Violet TC is a further product to be mentioned. IV. Ill— IV. — IV. — Immedial Indone Violet B cone, is considerably more bluish in shade than the afore-named dyestuffs, and very much superior to these in fastness to light and washing. It is used principally for the production of reddish blue shades and for saddening Immedial Violets. Immedial Indone Violet B double for Printing is used for printing. Withstands normal stoving very well; the shade is rendered somewhat brighter. IV— V. The shade withstands weak chlorine baths comparatively well. Immedial Sky Blue Powder cone, of all the Immedial Colours yields the brightest Blue, and is used particularly in the production of light blues; the purest shades are obtained by dyeing at a low temperature (SO — So o C. or 85—95 0 F.) Further brands differing from the above product merely in their concentration are the following: Immedial Sky Blue Paste „ „ » .. for Cops. copper sulphate by Itself the fastness to light is considerably increased. 20 154 IMMEDIAL Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing Immedial Indogene GCL cone. pat. 3% 402 Immedial Indogene BCL cone. pat. 3% Immedial Indogene RCL cone. pat. 3% 6% 404 Immedial Indogene RRCL cone. pat. 3% 6% Immedial Indogene B cone. pat. 3% 6% 406 Immedial New Blue G cone. pat. aftertreated with bichrome and copper sulphate. 3% 6% Very good. White cotton is not stained, even by deep shades in severe washing. Ill— IV. Ill— IV III— IV. Ill— IV. Acetic acid 50% renders the shade slightly more reddish. Light shades are rendered somewhat more reddish by acetic acid 50%; deep shades remain unaltered. The shades are not altered by acid boiling; white wool is hardly stained by light shades and is but little affected by deep shades. Ill— IV. Acids renders the shade more reddish. Ill — IV. Same as Immedial Indogene B cone. The shades are rendered more reddish when boiled in an acid bath; after * washing well the original shade returns. White wool is not stained. •By an aftertreatment with bichrome and copper sulphate or 155 COLOURS. Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chlorlng Remarks IV. Withstand normal stoving quite well; the shades IV. The shades withstand weak chlorine baths quite well. While Immedial Indogene GCL cone, yields a pure greenish Blue, the other brands dye deeper shades. The products possess very good levelling properties, and in this respect surpass the Immedial Indones and other dyestuffs of the kind. They further have the property of being reduced but very little in the dyebath. Their good fastness to washing and light combined with comparatively good fastness to chloring are important features. are somewhat purer and brighter after washing. IV. IV. The shades are somewhat redder and brighter after washing. III. Somewhat inferior in this respect to the other Immedial Indogenes. Immedial Indogene B cone, is more covering than the other Immedial Indogene brands. It levels very well, and is suited particularly for the production of medium and deep shades of Blue, for which purpose it may be combined with the Immedial Direct Blues. IV. Somewhat better than Immedial Indogene B. Contrary to the Immedial Indogene brands, which dyed direct already yield bright blues, Immedial New Blue G cone, for the production of brighter shades needs to be developed by a subsequent treatment with Immedial Developer, bichrome and copper sulphate, or by steaming or smothering, exceedingly full and bright shades of excellent fastness being obtained hereby. The dyestuff is particularly well suited for the shading of Immedial Blue brands which are treated in a similar manner. topper sulphate by itself, the fastness to light is considerably increased. 20* I I 156 IMMEDIAL Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing Immedial Indone 3B cone. pat. 3% 6% Immedial Indone BBF cone. pat. 6% Immedial Indone BF cone. pat. 3% 6% Immedial Indone JBF cone. pat. 3% 6% Immedial Indone JBN cone. pat. 6% Immedial Indone R cone. pat. IV. IV. Very good ; white cotton is not stained, even by deep shades in severe washing. Ill— IV IV IV. The shades are hardly altered by acetic acid 50 °/o. Ill— IV. The shade is rendered somewhat more reddish by acetic acid 50 o/o. Very good; the shades are hardly altered by boiling in an acid bath, and white wool is not stained. 157 COLOURS. Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring III. II— III. III. — m. n— in. — IV. — Fastness to Stoving Remarks Withstand normal stoving very well. The Immedial Indones are distinguished for their particuarly bright shades of very good fastness. Immedial Indone JBN possesses the property of dyeing shades similar to Indigo , deep shades in particular. While Immedial Indone JBF, BF, BBF and SB yield more greenish blue and brighter shades, those obtained with Immedial Indone R are more reddish. Immedial Indone B cone. ,, 4B cone. ,, BN cone. „ KB cone. „ R are further brands of the same group, the following being suited for printing: Immedial Indone B double for Printing „ R double for Printing. 158 IMMEDIAL 413 Name of Dyestuff Fastness Fastness to Washing to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing Immedial Indone RR cone. pat. Immedial Indone RG cone. pat. 3% 6% 415 Immedial Indone RB cone. pat. 3% 6% 416 Immedial Direct Blue JND extra cone. pat. 3% 6% 417 Immedial Direct Blue BB extra cone. pat. 3% 6% 418 Immedial Direct Blue 4B extra cone. pat. 3 % 6 % III— IV. Ill— IV. Very good; the shade is not altered by boiling in an acid bath, and white wool is not stained. Very good; white cotton is not stained, even by deep shades in severe washing. Acetic acid 50°/o renders ’ the shades somewhat more reddish. IV. IV. IV. After boiling in an acid bath and rinsing well, the shades are hardly altered, and white wool is not stained. COLOURS. 159 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Remarks IV. Withstand normal storing very well. Ill— IV IV— V. IV. The shades are somewhat redder and brighter after washing. Withstands a treatment in weak chlorine baths. These brands closely approach the afore-mentioned products in their properties, but yield redder and fuller shades than the latter, and are employed principally for the production of bright dark blue shades; they are moreover frequently used in combination with the Immedial Direct Blue brands. IV— V IV— V. Of the Immedial Direct Blue brands, Immedial Direct Blue JND, BB and !/B extra cone, yield the brightest shades, and are used preferably for the imitation of medium and dark Indigo shades; they possess excellent fastness to washing and light. A treatment with Immedial Developer, bichrome, or bichrome and copper sulphate still further enhances the brightness of the shades. The dyeings of Immedial Direct Blue JND extra cone, withstand also a treatment in weak chlorine solutions. Immedial Direct Blue 4B high cone. is a further brand of this group. 160 IMMEDIAL Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing 419 Immedial Direct Blue B extra cone. pat. 3% 6% Immedial Direct Blue JB extra cone. pat. 6 % Immedial Direct Blue R pat. 4% 8% Immedial Direct Blue OD pat. 8 % Very good; white cotton is not stained, even by deep shades in severe washing. IV. IV. IV. Immedial Direct Blue FCL extra cone. pat. 3% 6% Immedial Dark Blue J pat. 3% 6% Somewhat inferior to Immedial Direct Blue B in this respect. Same as Immedial Direct Blue B. HI— IV. Ill— IV. Acetic acid 50°/o renders the shades somewhat more reddish. IV. Acetic acid 50% renders light shades a trace more reddish; deep shades are not altered After boiling in an acid bath and rinsing well, the shade is hardly altered and white wool is not stained. COLOURS. 161 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Remarks IV— V. IV— V. Immedial Direct Blue B extra cone, is the most important among the Immedial Direct Blue brands, and is exten- sively used (or the production of deep shades of Blue and specially also for shading Immedial Indone or Immedial Indogene dyeings and for bottoming Indigo. The brightness of the shades can also in the case of the Immedial Direct Blues be increased by hanging up the dyed goods when still wet for some time, or by brightening with soap or soda, or by aftertreating ivith bichrome or with bichrome and copper sulphate or with Immedial Developer. Their good, fastness to acids also permits of their application for dyeing warps fast to acids, particularly in the manufacture of upholstery plush. Further brands are the following : Immedial Direct Blue B and B high cone. „ „ JB „ „ „ RC extra cone. Immedial Dark Blue CRVpossesses similar properties, and Immedial Direct Blue B Double for Brintiug is suited for printing. | After normal stoving and good I washing the shade is slightly redder and brighter. • IV— V. IV— V. III. Resists a treatment in weak chlorine baths. Immedial Direct Blue FCL extra cone, is similar in shade to Immedial Direct Blue B extra cone., but better in fastness to chloring. It may be used like the afore-mentioned products. Withstands normal stoving very well. Ill— IV. — Immedial Dark Blue J yields deep, bright shades of dark Blue, and is specially suited for dyeing at a low temperature. Immedial Dark Blue JR is a further brand of equal properties. 21 162 IMMEDIAL Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing Immedial Blue C extra cone. developed by smothering 3% 6% Immedial Blue CB extra cone. developed by smothering 3% 6% Immedial Blue CR extra cone. developed by smothering 3% 6% 428 Immedial Blue U 300 developed by smothering 2% 4% IV. Very good ; white cotton is not stained by deep shades even in severe washing. IV. TV. IV. Acetic acid 50% renders the shades more reddish. After boiling in an acid bath and well rinsing, the shade is hardly altered and white wool is not stained. 429 Immedial Green Blue CV pat. 4% 8% Somewhat inferior in this respect to Immedial Blue. IV— V. Acetic acid 50% renders the shade more bluish. The shade is not altered by acid boiling, and white wool is hardly stained. 430 Immedial Dark Green B 4% 8% Same as Immedial Blue. IV. Acetic acid 50% renders the shade somewhat more yellowish. Very good; if any thing better than Immedial Blue C in this respect. • By an aftertreatment with bichrome and copper sulphate or COLOURS. 163 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Remarks IV— V. V. Stoving renders the shades somewhat more reddish and brighter. V. V. The Immedial Blue brands are used principally for dark blue and Indigo shades; further for bottoming Indigo, and arc specially to be considered when im- portance is attached to a cheap method of production. While for the deepest and most covered shades, and for bottoming, they are dyed direct, they have to be developed for brighter medium and dark Blues. This developing is carried out by aftertreating with Immedial Developer, chrome and bisulphite or chrome and copper. Developing by smothering or steaming with admission of air arc the cheapest methods. Further brands are the following: Immedial Blue C „ „ CB „ „ CR ,, „ CBL extra cone. | The shade is rendered somewhat bluer and brighter by stoving. IV. Immedial Green Blue CV yields a bright greenish blue shade, which by an aftertreatment with chrome and copper or Immedial Developer becomes brighter and more bluish, and is distinguished for a most excellent fastness to light. The product is extensively used lor shading Immedial Direct Blue, Immedial Blue or Immedial New Blue. ! Withstands normal stoving very well. III. Immedial Dark Green B, by reason of its excellent properties of fastness, is employed for the production of dark green shades, and further for the shading of greens and olives, as well as for saddening of mode and “ field grey” shades. The product is extensively applied also for bottoming shades to be subsequently topped with Basic Colours such as Brilliant Green etc. topper sulphate by itself the fastness to light is considerably increased. 164 IMMEDIAL Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing Immedial Brilliant Green G extra pat. 3% b% 432 Immedial Green GG extra pat. 3% 6% Immedial Green BB extra pat. 3% 6% Immedial Green GGX cone. pat. 4% 8% 435 Immedial Green BBX cone. pat. 4% 8% IV. IV. White cotton is hardly stained by deep shades. IV. Ill— IV 111— IV. Immedial Deep Green G pat. 4% Superior even to the above brands in this respect. Acetic acid 50% does not alter the shade; dilute hydrochloric acid renders it slightly more bluish. Very good; the shade is hardly altered by acid boiling, and white wool is hardly stained Acetic acid 50% renders the shade more bluish. The shade is hardly altered by acetic acid 50%. Same as Immedial Brilliant Green G extra. Better than Immedial Brilliant Green G extra. Same as Immedial Brilliant Green G extra. Same as Immedial Green GG extra. Same as Immedial Green BB extra. III. Acetic acid 50% renders the shade just a trace more bluish. Same as Immedial Green BB extra. COLOURS. 165 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Remarks Withstands normal stoving very well. Their shades are merely somewhat ' brighter after washing. III. — Immedial Brilliant Green G extra is the brightest of the green Immedial Colours. It is used for the production j of green shades of good fastness to washing and light, or in combination with Immedial Yellow or Immedial Green Yellow for bright shades of Olive, on all kinds of cotton goods. Same as Immedial Brilliant Green G extra. Ill— IV. — Some of these dyestuffs yield more covered, and others more bluish shades than Immedial Brilliant Green G extra. Their fastness to light and washing is excellent, and they may be employed for the production of a number of different green and olive shades, either by themselves or shaded if desired. Immedial Green BBXN cone, is another brand belonging to this group, while Immedial Green GG Double for Printing and „ „ BB „ „ „ are offered for printing purposes. i After stoving the shade is somewhat bluer and brighter. III. Same as Immedial Green BB extra. Ill— IV. — Same as Immedial Brilliant Green G extra. Ill— IV. • Same as Immedial Green BB extra. III. Immedial Deep Green G yields more covered shades than the afore-mentioned Immedial Green brands; it is applied for the production of full shades of green, and for the shading of olives. Immedial Deep Green G Double for Printing belonging to the same group is suited for printing. 166 IMMEDIAL Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing Immedial Black V extra 2 % 10 % 438 Immedial Black FF extra 2 % 10 % 439 Immedial Black NB 2% 10% Immedial Black NF 2% 10% Immedial Black NNG cone. 1 . 5 % 6 % 442 Immedial Black NN cone. 1 . 5 % 6 % VI. VT. The fastness to washing is excellent; white cotton is not stained even in severe washing. VI. The shades are not altered by acetic acid 50 °/o. VI. VI. VI. The shades are hardly noticeably affected by dilute acids. The shades withstand boiling in an acid bath very well; white wool is not stained. COLOURS. 167 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Remarks After normal stoving and thorough washing the shades are somewhat bluer and brighter. Withstands very weak chloring and is the fastest Sulphide Black in respect to chloring. Withstand normal stoving very well. V. V. Of the Immediat Black series , Immedial Black V extra and FF extra yield the finest shades of Blue black. The further brands Immedial Black NB. NF, NN cone, yield deeper and fuller shades, Immedial Black NNG cone, on the other hand yielding more greenish shades of black approaching that of Aniline Black. All the Immedial Blacks are most extensively employed for the dyeing of loose cotton, yarns and piece-goods as well as for tcarp- and machine-dyeing. They are used in all those cases where special demands are made for fastness to washing and to acids, and are further to le considered excellent substitutes for Aniline Oxidation Black. Regarding the aftertreatment with acetate or formate of soda see the introduction. The following are further brands belonging to this group: Immedial Black G extra NB cone. NO NR NRT JBR cone. NACC and NACC high cone. ■ J 168 IMMEDIAL Fastness Fastness Fastness Name of Dyestuff to Washing to Light to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing 443 Immedial Black NLN cone. 1.5% 0% Immedial Black NNR cone. 1-5% C% Immedial Blue Black KB 1% 4.5“/ Immedial Brilliant Black B pat. 2% 10% VI. VI. The fastness to washing is excellent; white ( cotton is not stained even in severe washing. 447 Immedial Black NBB cone. pat. 1.5% 6% 448 Immedial Black BF cone. 1.5% 6% VI. VI. VI. VI. The shades are hardly noticeably affected by dilute acids. The shades withstand boiling in an acid bath very well; white wool is not stained. COLOURS 169 Fastness to Stoving Withstand normal stoving very well. Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring V. V. — V. — V. _ V. V. Remarks The brands mentioned on the opposite page are used more particularly for shades of deep black with a more or less bluish cast; Im medial Blue Black KB and Immedial Brilliant Black B are particularly distinguished for fulness and blueness of shade ; Immedial Black NNR cone. yields very deep shades more on the red side. These dyestuffs are suitable for any purpose in the cotton dyeing industry. Regarding the aftertreatment with acetate or formate of soda see the introduction. The following brands range with the above: Immedial Black NN special NNR cone. NNZ cone. NBN cone. NLA cone. NLJ cone. NGL cone. BFG cone. BFU 135 AZ BZ cone. JfS cone. SN cone. 22 IMMEDIAL Name of Dyestuff Fastness Fastness to Washing to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing Immedial Brilliant Black 5BV cone. pat. 450 Immedial Brilliant Black 6BG cone. pat. Immedial Brilliant Black 8BG cone. pat. Immedial Brilliant Carbon F pat. 1 % 4 . 5 % Immedial Brilliant Carbon FG pat. 1 % 4 . 5 % VI. VI. The fastness to washing is excellent ; white cotton is not stained, even in severe washing. VI. VI. VI. The shades are hardly noticeably affected by dilute acids. The shades withstand boiling in an acid bath very well; white wool is not stained. Immedial Carbon B 1 % 4 . 5 % COLOURS. Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Remarks Withstand normal stoving very well. V. V. V. The Immedial Brilliant Black brands are all suitable for the production of very full blacks of a pronounced bluish or blue-green shade, and are employed in the same way as the a fore- mentioned products. Regarding the aftertreatment with acetate or formate of soda see the introduction. Further brands of the same group are the following: Immedial Brilliant Black BB cone. „ O cone. Immedial Brilliant Carbon FB. Immedial Carbon B is the Immedial Black most extens- ively used. In shade and brightness it closely approaches Immedial Black NNG cone, mentioned on page ICG, being however of a considerably higher concentration. Regarding the aftertreatment with acetate or formate of soda see the introduction. 22* IMMEDIAL Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing Immedial Carbon BL 1% 4.5% Immedial Carbon R 457 Immedial Carbon JHJ 458 Immedial Carbon KBL 4.5% 459 Immedial Carbon KBG Indo Carbon S pat. The fastness to washing is excellent; white cotton is not stained, even in severe washing. Somewhat inferior to the Immedial Black brands. VI. VI. VI. VI. VI. VI. The shade is hardly noticeably affected by dilute acids. The shades withstand boiling in an acid bath very well; white wool is not stained. COLOURS. 173 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Remarks V. V. Withstand normal stoving very well. V. Immedial Carbon JHJ, R and KBL, together with Immedial Carbon B, are the principal and most widely used brands. These products, distinguished for their specially high concentration, are most extensively employed for the production of black shades on loose cotton, roving, yarn and piece-goods. Regarding the aftertreatment with acetate or formate of soda see the introduction. Immedial Carbon HI. Special BO BLR RS RBS RBSI KMB are further brands of the same group. Indo Carbon S is a special product, in properties similar to Immedial Black, which is used principally for union goods, when acid cross-dyeing of the wool or a bleaching of the same by stoving is necessary. Indo Carbon SF is a further brand of similar properties. HYDRON COLOURS. 176 HYDRON Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing 461 Hydron Blue G pat. Paste 20% 462 Hydron Blue R pat. Paste 20% Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing The fastness to washing of these products is excellent ; even in severest washing the shade is not altered, and white cotton is not stained. Their fastness to boiling with soda is also good. VI. The shades are not altered b.v acetic acid 50°/o and only rendered just a trace more greenish by dilute hydrochloric acid. The shades resist boiling in an acid bath very well; white wool is not stained. 463 Hydron Dark Blue G pat. Paste 20% Same as Hydron Blue G and R. V. Same as Hydron Blue G and R. Same as Hydron Blue G and R. 464 Hydron Violet B pat. Paste 20% 5% 10% 465 Hydron Violet R pat. Paste 20% III. Same as Hydron Blue G and R. III. Acetic acid 50°/o or dilute hydrochloric acid do not alter the shade. Same as Hydron Blue G and R. COLOURS. 177 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldite Remarks The shades resist normal stoving very IV. Withstands very well even a more severe chloring with hypochlorite of soda. Light and medium Hydron Blue has within a very short period found an excellent recognition for the production of dyeings fast to washing, light and chloring. For fancy tissues in particular, as well as for plain cloth for dresses and for aprons Hydron Blue may already be considered as the standard for Blues of excellent wear. In addition to their fastness, the Hydron Blues possess the great advantage of levelling very easily and of being comparatively easy to dye in any kind of dyeing machine. The Hydron Blues are very well suited for printing, both direct printing and discharge or resist printing. The following brands of Hydron Blue G and K are on the market: Ilydron Blue Paste 20% „ „ „ 30% „ J >o% u „ „ Po wder. even rendered brighter thereby. IV. Slightly inferior in this respect to Hydron Blue G. easily dischargeable. Same as Hydron Blue G and R. IV— V. Somewhat inferior in this respect to Hydron Blue G. Not dischargeable. Used for the same purposes as Hydron Blue, but mainly for saddening Hydron Blue shades, and for the production of very deep and fast shades of Blue. Hydron Dark Blue G is delivered as follows: Hydron Dark Blue G Paste 20% „ „ „ 0 „ 40% „ „ „ G Powder. Same as Ill— IV. Same as Same as The Hydron Violets yield very bright shades, and are employed as self colours or in combination with the Hydron Blues for fancy tissues and piece- goods, and further also for printing Hydron Blue G and R. - Hydron Blue R. > Hydron Blue G and R. purposes. The following brands of Hydron Ill— IV. ii Violet B and R are on the market: Hydron Violet Paste 20% „ „ » ''0% „ „ Powder. 23 178 HYDRON Name of Dyestuff Fastness to Washing Fastness to Light Fastness to Acids 466 Hydron Yellow G pat. Paste 20% 5% 10% Hydron Olive G pat. Powder l%% 468 Hydron Olive B pat. Powder i%% Hydron Blue R Paste for Printing 30% pat. Illlllllll 470 Hydron Black B Paste for Printing 30% pat. iiiii mill The shade is hardly altered even in severe washing, and white cotton is not stained. The fastness to washing is excellent; even in severest washing the shades are hardly altered, white cotton remaining unstained. Same as Ilydron Olive G. Same as Ilydron Olive G. IV. V— VI V— VI. The shade is not altered either by acetic acid 50°/o or by dilute hydrochloric acid. Same as Ilydron Yellow G. The shade is not altered by acetic acid 50 °/o ; by dilute hydrochloric acid it is rendered hardly perceptibly more greenish. v. The shade is not altered either by acetic acid or by dilute hydrochloric acid. Fastness to Acid Cross-Dyeing Same as Ilydron Blue G and R. COLOURS. 179 Fastness to Stoving Fastness to Hot Pressing Fastness to Chloring Discharges with Hyraldit 5 Remarks The shade withstands , normal stoving very well. m. Excellent. The shade withstands very well a treatment of several hours in a solution of hypochlorite o Isoda or chloride of lime 3 A— 1>/2° Tw. Easily dischargeable in the case of both light and deep shades. Hydron Yellow counts among the fastest Hydron Colours, and is em- ployed both for the production of bright yellow shades and for the shading of Greens and Olives. Same as Hydron Yellow G. IV. Withstand . only a light chloring. Not dischargeable. Hydron Olive i i- owing to its excellent fastness to washing and light, is used for the production of full shades of Olive and Brown, and particularly also for fast mode and drab shades. Hydron Olive G and B can be delivered both as powder products and in form of J >0% Paste. IV. Not dischargeable. Same as Hydron Blue G and It IV. Withstands very well normal dry chloring as customary in print works. Hydron Blue It Paste for Printing is used for the production of very fast blue shades in cotton printing, for light Blues on shirting as well as for Navy Blues, replacing other blue, dyestuffs of greatly inferior fastness which are still frequently in use. Hydron Black B Paste for Printing, apart from its being used for normal black prints on yarn and piece-goods, is frequently applied also for printing black outlines. V. Withstands well a normal dry chloring. MANUFACTURE LYONNAISE DE MATIERES COLORANTES, LYONS. Works “La Mouche’ RUSSIAN ANILINE COLOUR WORKS LEOPOLD CASSELLA & CO., RIGA. Works at Riga. I « ' /w o