V Wire Cloth & Mining Screen Made from Iron, Steel, Brass, Copper 8 Phosphor Bronze. o ^ cz ^ e y The Tyler Double Crimped Screen CATALOGUE 40 SECOND EDITION OFFICES AND WORKS SUPERIOR AVE. ^na EAST 36X15 STREET CLEVELAND .OHIO. U.S.A. UALITY is the one word that expresses the policy of The W. S. Tyler Company. On this policy is based its prestige and the growth of its industry from a very humble beginning forty-two years ago to its present proportions. This company has never succumbed to the temptation of making a superficial appeal to mere cheapness, but has always produced the best in each particular class of its products in the knowledge that it was sure in final economy to the user of screens. The value of the Tyler quality in economy has come to the knowl- edge of screen users by education, by the school of actual experience, and the world-wide market for the Tyler product has been developed by showing what the screens will do for the user. Sizing problems are the most vital of all problems in the process of production, and The W. S. Tyler Company desire to oflFer what they can toward their proper solution. The company's experience, records of results and information service are always available without cost to screen users of all industries. During the greater part of its existence, the company depended largely on mouth to mouth advertising, from one user to another. It is only within recent years that the advertising art has been applied to edu- cate, to extend to all screen users the economical value of Tyler quality. This catalogue is a part of the educational campaign. In issuing this book, it is the desire of the company to show that screens are not merely woven wire, but that their making and class- ification for various uses in all industries where products are sized is a scientific result based on the knowledge of what is required. Every condition where screens are used has been carefully studied with a view of making screens expressly to the advantage of the user. If this book in its compilation of data and illustrations reflects the spirit and policy of The W. S. Tyler Company, it will to a large degree have accomplished its purpose. 7 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Why the Decimal is Used rather than the Gauge Number in Spec- ifying the Diameter of Wire The W. S. Tyler Company has abandoned the use of gauge numbers entirely and hereafter will use the decimal fraction of an inch in expressing the diam- eter of wire. Throughout this catalogue, all sizes of wire will be shown in decimals rather than gauge numbers. To learn the diameter of wire represented by a gauge number, refer to the table shown on the oppo- site page. The diameter of wire is expressed in the decimal fraction of an inch covering the various gauge numbers under the standards in common use. The use of gauge numbers or so-called "stand- ards" in specifying the size of wire for screens is confusing. By merely giving the gauge number of wire, there is too much opportunity for misunderstanding and even sharp practice in fulfilling a specification. There is but one safe policy to pursue in making up screen specifications, and that is to give the size of wire in the decimal fraction of an inch. The Tyler Standard Decimal Sizes for Wire of all Metals .393 .362 .331 .307 .283 .263 .244 .225 .207 .192 .177 .162 .148 .135 .120 .105 .092 .080 .072 .063 .054 .047 .04 1 .035 .032 .028 .025 .023 .020 .018 .017 .016 .015 Gauge numbers can so easily be misunderstood, for there are about nine different standards commonly used and the same gauge number in each standard represents diameter of wire. .014 .0135 .013 .012 .Oil .0105 .OlO .0095 .009 .0085 .008 .0075 .007 .00675 .0065 .00625 .006 .00575 .0055 .00525 .005 .00475 .0045 .00425 .004 .0036 .0032 .003 .0028 .0026 .0024 .0022 .002 a different For instance, on the opposite page are six illustrations of wire in six different "standards," each showing No. 5 gauge; yet there is a wide variance in the diameter of wire ranging from .181 to .220. With this in mind, a requisition calling for No. 5 gauge could be made from .181, .207, .212, .218 or .220 wire and be technically correct. Naturally there is a wide difference in price between the smallest and largest diameter, affording an opportunity for misjudgment or sharp practice on the part of the seller both in submitting price and filling the specification. 8 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Table Showing the Difference Between Wire Gauges — ^ Number Washburn — Birmingham - American or United States Imperial & IVIoen Old English or otuDs R • & Shame row p or U. S. r\r\r\r\ yjyjyjyj — 393 - .454 .454 .460 .4062 .400 c\r\C\ .42 5 !425 !4096 .375 .372 QQ 1 .Oo i. 380 '38O !3648 I3437 .348 307 !340 !340 .'3249 !3125 .324 1 isoo !300 !2893 '28I2 .300 o 263 '284 !284 "2576 !2656 .276 3 V) /I /I O I^Q 2 59 !2294 "25 .252 238 !238 [2043 I2343 .232 PL '220 .220 !l819 [2 187 .212 1 QO OOQ '203 !l620 !2031 .192 » 1 11 , 1. 1 1 1 80 ' gQ ' 1442 !l875 .176 Q 9 1 AO 165 165 .1284 !l718 .160 1 ZLQ . X rtC5 148 .' 1 1 44 !l 562 .144 1 C\ 1 Q 1 Q2L ' 1 . 1 orr ".1018 !l406 .128 1 1 i i 1 Oi^ 1 or^ 1 OM 0907 !l25 .116 1 o 1 OQ 109 '.0808 ! 1093 !l04 .wy 0 !o719 .0937 .092 14 .080 0640 !078i .080 1 D /'^ ry o OTO 072 !o570 !o703 !o72 1 6 r\ r-\ Q .LIDO .v-IDO 0508 0625 065 17 .054 .058 .058 ;0452 ;0562 ;056 18 .047 .049 .049 .0403 .05 .048 19 .04 1 .040 .042 .0358 .0437 .040 20 .035 .035 .035 .03 19 .0375 .036 21 .032 .03 15 .032 .02 84 .0343 .032 22 .02 8 .0295 .02 8 .0253 .0312 .028 23 .02 5 .027 .025 .0225 .0281 .024 24 .023 .025 .022 .0201 .025 .022 25 .020 .023 .020 .0179 .0218 .020 26 .018 .0205 .018 .0159 .01 87 .018 27 .017 .0187 .016 .0141 .0171 .01 64 28 .016 .0165 .014 .0126 .0156 .0149 29 .015 .0155 .013 .0112 .01 40 .0136 30 .014 .0137 .012 .0100 .0125 .0124 31 .0135 .0122 .010 .0089 .0109 .0116 32 .013 .0112 .009 .0079 .0101 .0108 33 .011 .0102 .008 .0070 .0093 .010 34 .OlO .0095 .007 .0063 .0085 .0092 35 .0095 .009 .005 .0056 .0078 .0084 36 .009 .0075 .004 .005 .0070 .0076 37 .0085 .0065 .0044 .0066 .0068 38 .008 .0057 .0039 .0062 .0060 39 .0075 .005 .0035 .0052 40 .007 .0045 .003 1 .0048 No. 5. Old Eng. .220 No. 5. W. & M. .207 No. 5. Birm. .220 No. 5. B. & S. .1819 No. 5. U. S. .2187 No. 5. Imperial .212 Illustrations showing the comparison of decimal sizes in the same gauge numbers of different standards THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. How to Gauge Wire The W. S. Tyler Company recommend the use of the microm- eter in determining the diameter of wire in decimals of an inch. A micrometer is absolutely accurate, and shows the exact diameter of the wire to a ten-thousandth part of an inch. A disc gauge is objectionable because it does not show fractional sizes, and in the fine sizes a wire can easily be stretched a full size in forcing the wire in the notch. A forked gauge, unless carefully handled, can be sprung to show a variation of a full size of wire. It is good practice for the user to gauge the wire in both warp and shoot and count the mesh both ways of the cloth purchased before using. 10 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Table Indicating Diameter and Weight of Steel Wire Diameter Inches Weight of 100 Feet, Pounds .393 40.94 3 2 .362 34.73 .331 29. 04 IB .307 27.66 .283 21.23 .263 18.34 .244 15.78 .225 13.39 .207 1 1.35 -- .192 9.73 .177 8.03 .162 6.96 .148 5.08 .135 4.83 .120 3.82 .105 2.92 li .092 2.24 .080 1.69 16 .072 1.38 .063 1.05 .054 .77 .047 .58 33 .041 .45 -- .03 5 .32 .032 .27 .028 .21 .02 5 .175 'Vb .023 .140 .020 .116 .018 .093 .017 .083 .016 .074 .015 .06 1 1 .014 .054 16 .0135 .050 .013 .046 .Oil .037 .OlO .030 .0095 .02 5 .009 .021 Illustrations Showing Actual Size of Wire in Decimals of an Inch Approximate Size Shown in Common Fractions % .'iii \ .i07 11 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Definition of Mesh Mesh in wire cloth is the num- ber of openings per lineal inch. To count the number of open- ings in an inch, measure from the center of a wire to a point i-inch distant; thus 4 mesh as shown on the opposite page should count four openings from the center of a wire to the center of a wire i-inch from that point. Fractional meshes are counted the same, but the point i-inch distant will be between wires; thus mesh should count 4^ openings from the center of a wire to a point i-inch away. In specifying mesh by inches or the fractional part of an inch, state if the opening is desired "in the clear" or "center to center." For instance, }4-mch mesh may measure ^-ii^ch from the center of one wire to the center of the next wire or it may be 3^-inch "in the clear" between wires, ^-inch mesh in the clear may also be specified as ^-inch space. Space: The actual opening between the wires is technically known as "space;" thus ^-inch space .135 wire implies that the wires are ^-inch apart in the clear and the diameter of wire .135. Lengths — Inches and Millimetres Equivalents of Decimal and Common Fractions of an Inch in Millimetres From to 1 Inch In. 8ths 16ths 32nds 64ths Millimetres Decimals of an Inch 1 1 2 1 2 3 4 .397 .794 = 1.191 = 1.588 .01 5625 .03125 .046875 .0625 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 = 1 .984 = 2.381 = 2.778 = 3.175 .078125 .09375 .109375 .1250 3 5 6 9 10 11 12 = 3.572 = 3.969 = 4.366 = 4.763 .140625 .15625 .171875 .1875 1 2 4 7 8 13 14 15 16 = 5.159 = 5.556 = 5.953 = 6.350 .203125 .21875 .234375 .2500 5 9 10 17 18 19 20 = 6.747 = 7.144 = 7.541 = 7.938 .265625 .28125 .296875 .3125 3 6 11 12 21 22 23 24 = 8.334 = 8.731 = 9.128 = 9.525 .328125 .34375 359375 .3750 '7 13 14 25 26 27 28 = 9.922 = 10.319 = 10. 716 = 11.113 .390625 .40625 42 1 87 5 14375 1 2 4 8 15 16 29 30 31 32 = 11.509 = 11.906 = 12.303 = 12.700 .453125 .46875 484375 .5) 9 17 18 33 34 35 36 = 13.097 = 13.494 = 13.891 = 14.288 .515625 .53125 546875 15625 5 10 19 20 37 38 39 40 = 14.684 = 15.081 = 15.478 = 15.875 .578125 .59375 .609375 .625 11 21 22 41 42 43 44 = 16.272 = 16.669 = 17.066 = 17.463 .640625 .65625 .671875 .6875 3 6 12 23 24 45 46 47 48 = 17.859 = 18.256 = 18.653 = 19.050 .703125 .71875 .734375 .75 13 25 26 49 50 51 52 = 19.447 = 19.844 = 20.241 = 20. 638 .765625 .78125 .796875 .8125 7 14 27 28 53 54 55 56 = 21.034 = 21.431 = 21.828 = 22.225 .828125 .84375 .859375 .875 15 29 30 57 58 59 60 = 22.622 = 23.019 = 23.416 = 23.813 .890625 .90625 .921875 .9375 1 2 4 8 16 31 32 61 62 63 64 = 24.209 = 24.606 = 25.003 = 25.400 .953125 .96875 .984375 1.000 12 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. 4 Mesh; .105 Wire Lengths — Hundredths of an Inch to MilKmetres From 1 to 100 Hundredths Hun- dredths of an Inch 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 0 .254 .508 .762 1.016 1.270 1.524 1.778 2.032 2.286 10 2.540 2.794 3.048 3.302 3.556 3.810 4.064 4.318 4.572 4.826 20 5.080 5.334 5.588 5.842 6.096 6.350 6.604 6.858 7.112 7.366 30 7.620 7.874 8.128 8.382 8.636 8.890 9.144 9.398 9.652 9.906 40 10.160 10.414 10.668 10.922 11.176 1 1 .430 1 1 .684 1 1 .938 12.192 12.446 50 12.700 12.954 13.208 13.462 13.716 13.970 14.224 14.478 14.732 14.986 60 15.240 15.494 15.748 16.002 16.256 16.510 16.764 17.018 17.272 17.526 70 17.780 18.034 18.288 18.542 18.796 19.050 19.304 19.558 19.812 20.066 80 20.320 20.574 20.828 21.082 21.336 21.590 2 1 .844 22.098 22.352 22.606 90 22.860 23.114 23.368 23.622 23.876 24.130 24.384 24.638 24.892 25.146 Lengths — Milhmetres to Decimals of an Inch From I to 100 Units Milli- metres 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 0 O .03937 .07874 .11811 .15748 .19685 .23622 .27559 .31496 .35433 10 .39370 .43307 .47244 .51181 .55118 .59055 .62992 .66929 .70866 .74803 20 .78740 .82677 .86614 .90551 .94488 .98425 1.02362 1.06299 1.10236 1.14173 30 1.18110 1 .22047 1.2 5984 1.29921 1.33858 1.37795 1.41732 1 .45669 1 .49606 1.53543 40 1.57480 1.61417 1.65354 1.69291 1.73228 1.77165 1.81102 1.85039 1.88976 1.92913 50 1.96850 2.00787 2.04724 2.08661 2.12598 2.16535 2.20472 2.24409 2.28346 2.32283 60 2.36220 2 .40 157 2 .44094 2 .4803 1 2.51968 2.55905 2.59842 2.63779 2.67716 2.71653 70 2.75590 2.79527 2.83464 2.87401 2.91338 2.95275 2.99212 3.03149 3.07086 3.11023 80 3.14960 3.18897 3.22834 3.26771 3.30708 3.34645 3.38582 3.42519 3.46456 3.50393 90 3.54330 3.58267 3.62204 3.66141 3.70078 3.74015 3.77952 3.81889 3.85826 3.89763 13 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Size of Opening The size of opening between wires determines the size of the screened product. With the size of opening determined, a screen may be selected of a mesh and diameter of wire that will produce the result desired. The size of wire should be selected with a view of the service required of the screen. For instance, a light wire will screen freely and be sufficient for a light material, but a heavy, hard material demanding the same sizing as the lighter material will require a heavy wire to support the weight and withstand the wear. From pages 22 to 68 inclusive will be found tables showing the opening between wires in every mesh and size of wire. If a screen is too light for the service, but of the required opening, a heavier wire in the same opening can be found by consulting these tables; if a screen is too heavy for the service, the tables will show a lighter wire with the same size opening and producing the same result in the size of the product. This is illustrated on the opposite page by six different screens, all with the same size opening but with a variation in mesh from 14 to 24 and from .011 inch to .041 inch in the diameter of wire. To show the practical application, suppose .030 is the opening to produce the desired sizing — by referring to the tables, 22-mesh .015 wire has an opening .0305. If this is too light, a larger sized wire in the same sized opening is shown in 20-mesh .020 wire with .030 opening, and so on up the list until a size of wire is found heavy enough for the service. The meshes and sizes of wire to produce this opening are as follows: Metric Units and English Equivalents Size of Opening, Decimal of an Inch Mesh Per Inch Size of Wire, Decimal of an Inch 1 millimetre = 0.03937 inch = ^'j inch .0300 14 .041 1 centimetre = 0.3937 inch. .0305 16 .032 1 decimetre 1 meter = 3.937 inches = S\l inches. = 39.37 inches = 3.28 feet. .0306 18 .025 1 kilometer - = 39370. inches = .6214 mile. .0300 20 .020 1 square metre = 10.764 square feet. .0305 22 .015 1 kilogram = 2.205 pounds avoirdupois. .0307 24 .011 14 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. .0300 Opening; 14 Mesh; .041 Wire .0305 Opening; 16 Mesh; .03''2 Wire .0306 Opening; 18 Mesh; .025 Wire .0300 Opening; 20 Mesh; .020 Wire .0305 Opening; 22 Mesh; .015 Wire .0307 Opening; 24 Mesh; .011 Wire 15 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Selection of Screens Economical screening is the biggest mill problem before any industry where products are sized. The solution lies largely in the selection of screens. Every assistance will be rendered the screen users in determining the best screen for their requirements. It is just as much a part of the service of The W. S. Tyler Company to furnish information about screen problems as it is to build screens. The elements that enter into the solution of screen troubles are: How the screen is used, the type of screen, the size of opening, the size and kind of wire, the material to be screened and the capacity required. In submitting data for assistance in selecting screens, send a sample of the product showing fineness required, and state general conditions. It is also well to include a sample of the screen in use and a sample of the material before it is screened. The W. S. Tyler Company is scientifically equipped to render screen users every possible assistance in the selection of screens. Obviously, results are not guaranteed, but long experience and a wide range of test records enable a solution by the selection of a particular screen for a particular use. While screen troubles are not always eliminated, yet in every case they are improved. It may be said that there is no industry in which screens are used but what The W. S. Tyler Company is familiar with the qualifi- cations of the screen that will show the best returns. Experiments are usually necessary in solving any screen problem, but with the aid of the company's experience and testing laboratory these experiments can be reduced to a minimum. The company has furnished screen for such a variety of uses that its system of determining probable results will be found quite accurate. This service of the company in assisting in the selection of screens is entirely free to the screen user. The illustrations on the opposite page show some of the machines used in sizing products and requiring varied screen treatment. 16 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Some of the Machines on which Wire Cloth is Used 17 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Testing Laboratory Screen troubles are the big leaks in production expense. To locate screen troubles and remedy them is the mission of the Tyler Laboratory, and this service is for any user of screens, without fee. The equipment of this department enables a test with the actual screen in question in every instance, so that con- clusions can be made in recommending screen to produce a given sizing. A sample of product to be screened, also a small sample of the screened product showing the required fineness, may be sent to this laboratory for testing and screen analysis. In making tests with reference to fineness, a complete screen analysis is made, using the Tyler Standard Screen Scale Testing Sieves, and a full report of such tests will be willingly submitted to the screen user. Under the old method, the screen user had to do the experimenting in the mill, going to the expense of testing various screens until something was found that would produce the desired result. The Tyler Laboratory, however, can save much of this expense, being equipped with sections of screen covering more than two thousand varieties. These vary in size of opening, mesh, metal, diameter of wire and material. A screen selected by laboratory test may not meet all the conditions in actual practice, but in the screen chosen for the work, the element of sizing can be brought to a very close proximity of what is required. 18 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. What "Double Crimped" Means The illustrations on the opposite page show the principle of the Tyler Double Crimped Wire Cloth, that is, the wires in either direc- tion are evenly corrugated. The term "Double Crimped" was originated by The W. S. Tyler Company and applies to their practical method of weaving wire cloth. The type of screen construction known as "Double Crimped" is woven in a manner as to arch the shoot wire over the warp and the warp wire over the shoot. Each wire forms a center or support to the other, rendering both the warp and shoot absolutely immovable and forming a perfectly rigid screen construction. This eliminates the possibility of wires shifting and guarantees the mesh to remain as originally woven. This even corrugation of the wires presents a smooth surface which is a direct reason for the long life of the Tyler screen. There is uniform wear on the warp and shoot wires, as one wire does not extend above the other to take an unequal wear. The crimping or arching of the wires is not sharp or abrupt. It is formed gradually with a long bend, and each crimp or arch has its support over and under the intersecting wire, thus the tensile strength of the wires is not impaired. With this method of construction, a screen remains intact and gives the same accurate sizing as long as there is metal enough left in the wires to sustain the weight of the material on the screen. The product has been imitated to some extent in the lighter grades, but in the combination of accurate mesh and the "Double Crimped" feature the Tyler product is without competition. Double Crimped wire cloth is a quality product for producing quality results, and the sizing through this type of screen is uniform and dependable. The first cost of Double Crimped cloth may be slightly greater than some of the "commercial grades," but the long life of the Tyler Double Crimped Screen proves it to be the lowest in cost eventually. 20 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Steel Wire Cloth The tables beginning on this page show the code word, deci- mal size of opening, mesh, diam- eter of wire, and the list price per square foot on steel wire cloth. These tables include practi- cally every grade of steel wire cloth, but the company is pre- pared to make any mesh or diameter of wire that can be produced of steel wire and will be pleased to enter into cor- respondence with anyone not finding what is desired in the accompanying tables. The code word in the iron and steel tables indicates the decimal size of opening, mesh, diameter of wire and also that steel wire cloth is required. If iron wire is desired, use the same code word adding the word "iron" immedi- ately after. Opposite each table showing the list price will be found full size reproductions of the mesh in several different diameters of wire. The advantage in the use of the Tyler Double Crimped Steel Wire Cloth is found in its accu- racy and long life. The wires in both warp and shoot are thoroughly and evenly crimped making an accurate mesh which remains uniform until the screens are practically worn out. Price List of All Grades The Tyler Double Crimped Wire Cloth Iron or Steel Code Word Fabah Fabbo Fabel Fabik Fabum Facaj Facek Facil Facom Facun Fadak Fadel Fadim Fadon Fad up Fafal Fafem Fafin Fafop Fafur Fagam Fagen Fagip Fagor Fagus Fahan Fahep Fahir Fahos Fahut Fajap Fajer Fajgm Fajis Fajot Fajuv Fakar Fakes Fakit Fakov Fakuw Falas Falet Faliv Falow Falux Famev Famox Famuy Size of Opening, Decimal of an Inch .693 .717 .737 .756 .775 .793 .808 .823 .838 .852 .865 .880 .895 .908 .920 .928 .467 .487 .506 .525 .543 .558 .573 .588 .602 .615 .630 .645 .658 .670 .678 .687 .362 .381 .400 .418 .433 .448 .463 .477 .490 .505 .520 .533 .545 .553 .562 .571 .578 K" y" y," y" y" y" y" H" H" H" H" H" Center to Center of Wire Center to Center of Wire Center to Center of Wire Diameter of Wire, Decimal of an Inch .307 .283 .263 .244 .225 .207 .192 .177 .162 .148 .135 .120 .105 .092 .080 .072 .283 .263 .244 .225 .207 .192 .177 .162 .148 .135 .120 .105 .092 .080 .072 .063 .263 .244 .225 .207 .192 .177 .162 .148 .135 .120 .105 .092 .080 .072 .063 .054 .047 List Price per Square Foot $1.40 1.20 1.05 .88 .73 .60 .50 .44 .38 .32 .28 .24 .20 .15 .12 .lO 1.40 1.20 1.05 .88 .73 .60 .50 .42 ,38 .32 .27 .22 .17 .14 .12 .lO 1.40 1.20 1.05 .88 .73 .60 .50 .40 .35 .30 .25 .20 .17 .14 .12 .lO .09 Specify size of wire in decimal of an inch. See page 9 for gauge number equivalents in decimals. THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. How to Order In placing an order for wire cloth, it is necessary to specify the number of rolls or pieces, length of each piece or roll, width, size of opening or mesh, decimal size of wire and material from which the cloth is to be made. Full Rolls Full rolls contain lOO lineal feet or more. Less than lOO lineal feet must be invoiced at the less than roll price. Stock Widths The regular stock widths are i8, 24, 30 and 36 inches. Any special width will be made to order even to the fractional parts of an inch, as 23^ inches, 27^ inches, etc. In ordering, great care should be used in having the specifica- tions correct as to length, width, size of opening or mesh, diameter of wire and kind of material, for after special screens are made it is quite impossible to dispose of them elsewhere. To avoid mistakes in ordering, it is a safe plan to send a small sample of the wire cloth in use that it may be duplicated as to exact mesh and size of wire. Where it is a repeat order, refer to former order or the date of the original invoice, request- ing that it be duplicated. Iron or Steel Wire Cloth Continued Code Word Size of Opening, Decimal of an Inch Number of Meshes per Lineal Inch Diameter of Wire, Decimal of an Inch List Price per Square Foot Fanix .275 2 .225 $1.35 Fanoy .293 2 .207 1.10 Fanuz .308 2 .192 .88 Fapaw .323 2 .177 .75 Fapex .338 2 .162 .60 Fapoz .352 2 .148 .50 Fapub .365 2 .135 .42 Farax .380 2 .120 .35 Farey .395 2 .105 .30 Fariz .408 2 .092 .25 Farob .420 2 .080 .20 Faruc .428 2 .072 .17 Fasay .437 2 .063 .14 Fasez .446 2 .054 .12 Fasib .453 2 .047 .10 Fasoc .459 2 .04 1 .09 Fateb .208 2K .192 1.30 Fatic .223 2>^ .177 .90 Fatod .238 2K .162 .72 Fatuf .252 2>^ .148 .60 Favab .265 .135 .50 Favec .280 ^y. .120 .42 Favid .295 2K .105 .35 Favof .308 2>4 .092 .30 Favugr .320 ^y .080 .25 Fawac .328 ^y .072 .20 Fawed .337 iy .063 .17 Fawif .346 2K .054 .14 Fawogr .353 ly .047 .12 Fawuh .359 iy .04 1 .10 Faxad .365 2K .035 .09 Faxoh .171 3 .162 1.00 Faxuj .185 3 .148 .75 Fayaf .198 3 .135 .60 Fayeg .213 3 .120 .50 Fayih .228 3 .105 .40 Fayoj .241 3 .092 .35 Fayuk .253 3 .080 .30 Fazag .261 3 .072 .25 Fazeh .270 3 .063 .20 Fazij .279 3 .054 .17 Fazok .286 3 .047 .14 Fazul .292 3 .041 .12 Febat .298 3 .035 .10 Febev .301 3 .032 .09 Specify size of wire in decimal of an inch. See page 9 for gauge number equivalents in decimals, 24 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Long Life The demand of users from a field that is now world wide, is evidence of the economy of the Tyler Double Crimped Cloth in long life. The general product of this type of screen has been con- stantly improved, adding to its life by making it in a wider variety of sizes and materials to meet the varying conditions. The material has much to do with the life of a screen, and with the company's wide experience, they can select screen material for a particular service that will insure long life and economy. In the Tyler Cloth, the crown of the arches or crimps are of the same height both in the warp and shoot, which is an element in the long life of double crimped wire cloth. The arch of one wire does not remain higher than another to receive more of the wear as in single crimped cloth. Then, too, the double crimped feature of both warp and shoot renders both wires perfectly stationary and they cannot shift; thus the mesh remains intact until the screen is worn out, rendering an accurate product throughout its long life. Iron or Steel Wire Cloth Continued Code Word Size of Opening, Decimal of an Inch Number of Meshes per Lineal Inch Diameter of Wire, Decimal of an Inch List Price per Square Foot Fecav ^ .138 3^ .148 $1.00 Fecew .151 3>^ .135 .75 Fecix .166 3>^ .120 .65 Fecoy .181 .105 .50 Fecuz .194 .092 .40 Fedaw .206 3K .080 .35 Fedex .214 3y. .072 .30 Fedoz .223 3'A .063 .25 Fedub .232 3K .054 .20 Fefax .239 3H .047 .15 Fefey .245 3H .041 .13 Fefiz .251 3^2 .035 .11 Fef ob 0X2 . 10 Fegez .115 4 .135 1.10 Fegib .130 4 .120 .80 Fegoc .145 4 .105 .60 Fegud .158 4 .092 .48 Fehaz .170 4 .080 .38 Feheg .178 4 .072 .32 Fehic .187 4 .063 .27 Fehod .196 4 .054 .22 Fehuf .203 4 .047 .17 Fejab .209 4 .041 .14 Fejec .215 4 .035 .12 Fejid .218 4 .032 .11 Fejof .222 4 .028 .10 Feked .102 4K .120 1.00 Fekif .117 .105 .73 Fekog .130 4K .092 .55 Fekuh .142 .080 .42 Felad .150 4>i .072 .35 Felef .159 4K .063 .30 Felig .168 4>^ .054 .25 Feloh .175 4>^ .047 .20 Feluj .181 4J^ .04 1 .17 Femaf .187 4K .035 .14 Femeg .190 4K .032 .12 Femih .194 4:'/2 .02 8 .11 Femoj .197 4K .025 .10 Specify size of wire in decimal of an inch. See page 9 for gauge number equivalents in decimals. 26 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Size of Opening The opening in wire cloth is the distance between wires, measured from the nearest sur- face of one wire to the nearest surface of the next wire. The reproductions at the top of the opposite page illustrate eight samples of wire cloth all counting 5 meshes to the lineal inch, but each with a different size of opening. The variation is all due to the difference in the diameter of the wire used. Where the mesh remains the same, the size of the opening is decreased by using a heavy wire and increased by using a light wire. For instance, 5 mesh made from .041 wire has an opening of .159. If the diameter of the wire is increased to .105, the size of the opening is reduced to .095. The point for the screen user to remember is that as the num- ber of openings to the inch is increased, the diameter of wire must be decreased to retain the same sized opening, and con- versely, as the number of open- ings to the inch is decreased the diameter of wire must be increased to retain the same opening. Iron or Steel Wire Cloth Continued Code Word Size of Opening, an Inch Number of Meshes per Linejil Inch Diameter of Wire, Decimal of an Inch List Price per Square Foot Feneh .095 5 .105 $0.80 Fenij .108 5 .092 .60 Fenok .120 5 .080 .48 Fenul .128 5 .072 .40 Fepah .137 5 .063 .35 Fepik .146 5 .054 .30 Fepol .153 5 .047 .25 Fepum .159 5 .041 .20 Feraj .165 5 .035 .17 Ferek .168 5 .032 .14 Feri! .172 5 .028 .12 Feron .175 5 .025 .10 Ferum .177 5 .023 .09 Fesim .075 6 .092 .80 Feson .087 6 .080 .60 Fesup .095 6 .072 .48 Fetem .104 6 .063 .40 Fetin .113 6 .054 .35 Fetop .120 6 .047 .30 Fevam .126 6 .04 1 .25 Feven .132 6 .035 .22 Fevip .135 6 .032 .17 Fevor .139 6 .028 .14 Fevus .142 6 .025 .12 Fe wan .144 Q .023 .10 Fewep .147 6 .020 .09 Fewut .063 7 .080 .80 Fexap .071 7 .072 .60 Fexer .080 7 .063 .48 Fexis .089 7 .054 .40 Fexot .096 7 .047 .35 Fexuv .102 7 .041 .30 Feyar .108 7 .035 .25 Feyes .111 7 .032 .22 Feyit .115 7 .028 .17 Feyov .118 7 .025 .14 Feyuw .120 7 ,023 .12 Fezas .123 7 .020 .10 Fezet .125 7 .018 .09 Specify size of wire in decimal of an inch. See page 9 for gauge number equivalents in decimals, 28 29 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Mining Screens The Tyler Double Crimped Wire Cloth is particularly adapted in construction and character of metal for the hard- est wear to which a screen can be put. The work required of a screen in the mining industry is ex- tremely severe, yet the Tyler cloth has stood all tests and shown far the best returns. The double crimped feature holds the wires in place, retain- ing the screen mesh intact until the warp and shoot wires have been worn so thin by abrasion that there is only metal enough left to support the weight of the material to be screened. The Tyler Mining Screens are made from special wire and this, with the method of construction, accounts for the "long life" of the screens when put to the extraordinary hard service re- quired in mills of the mining industry. For use on stamp batteries, trommels, jigs, Chilians or shak- ing screens, the Tyler product is without competition. The Tyler Mining Screen is furnished in iron, steel, copper, brass or phosphor bronze wire; however, where acid comes in contact with the screen, the latter is recommended. Iron or Steel Wire Cloth Continued Code Word Size of Opening, Decimal of an Inch Number of Meshes per Lineal Inch Diameter of Wire, Decimal of an Inch List Price per Square Foot Fezux .053 8 .072 $0.80 Fibaf .062 8 .063 .60 Fibeg .071 8 .054 .48 Fibih .078 8 .047 .42 Fiboj .084 8 .041 .35 Fibuk .090 8 .03 5 .30 Ficagr .093 8 .032 .25 Ficeh .097 8 .02 8 .22 Ficij .lOO 8 .02 5 .17 Ficok .102 8 .023 .14 Ficul .105 8 .020 .12 Fidah .107 8 .018 .10 Fidik .108 8 .017 .09 Fif aj .048 9 .063 .80 Fifek .057 9 .054 .60 Fif il .064 9 .047 .48 .070 9 .041 .42 Fif u n .076 9 .03 5 .35 Figak .079 9 .032 .32 Figel .083 9 .028 .25 .086 9 .02 5 .22 r igon .088 9 .023 .17 Figu p .09 1 9 .020 .14 r 1 n ai .093 9 .018 .12 Filnem .094 9 .017 .10 Fihin .095 9 .016 .09 Fijam .046 lO .054 .72 Fijip .053 lO .047 .60 Fijor .059 10 .041 .48 Fijus .065 lO .03 5 .40 Fikan .068 10 .032 .35 Fikep .072 lO .02 8 .30 Fikir .075 lO .02 5 .25 Fikos .077 lO .023 .20 Fikut .080 10 .020 .15 Filap .082 lO .018 .12 Filer .083 lO .017 .11 Filis .084 lO .016 .10 Filot .08 5 10 .015 .09 Specify size of wire in decimal of an inch. See page 9 for gauge number equivalents in decimals. 30 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. M.'.h: or,:; \\ i .11.-. 1 W ii,' .n i; \\,n- s Mr, I,; II 1 1 W, \ ,: (i:i V\ i Mr-li; .1117 \Vi M. -I,; .11 M \\\ Mr,f,; .ll:!-,' \Vj II Mr.li; .11-,'S \Vi .11-::, \\i JI.-,[ Wi 111 Mr^li: .01.7 \Vi ill Mi-li: .IIH \Vi Mr>U: .m-i \Vi HI .\lr-h; .(l-,'S Win ill Mr-h; .(I-.'.-. Win- II Mr,|i; .11.;.-, W'i 1 1 \ 1 H I R 1 R I 1 1 1 1 1 M W 11) Mcsli: .(>■>{) Wirt 31 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. The Tyler Quality It has always been the policy of The W. S. Tyler Company to produce the highest quality. The growth of this particular industry has proven that there is a demand for quality rather than mere cheapness; that there is economy in quality. For a time a screen user may take the superficial view and buy in mere figures rather than final economy, but time teaches that cheap screens are very expensive. Put in cheap screen and you strike at the very heart of an industry where screens are used. Should the sizing be uneven, too fine or too coarse, a great loss may result. In the Tyler product, the screen specifications are followed to the letter. The mesh will be found to count the same in both directions and both warp and shoot wires are made from the same sized wire, agreeable to the diameter specified. Screens of Tyler quality with their "long life" need not be renewed at such frequent inter- vals, thus saving the labor in replacing the screens. Then, too, when a machine is shut down for screen renewal, the output is stopped, but this loss is materially less with screen of "long life," the renewals being less frequent. Iron or Steel Wire Cloth Continued i^ode Word Size of Opening, Decimal of an Incii Number of Meshes per Lineal Inch Diameter of Wire, Decimal of an Inch List Price per Square Foot - Fimes .036 12 ■ .047 $0.72 Fimit .042 12 .041 .60 Fimov .048 12 .035 .48 Fimuw .051 12 .032 .45 Finas .055 12 .028 .38 Finet .058 12 .02 5 .30 Finiv .060 12 .023 .22 Finow .063 12 .020 .17 Finux .065 12 .018 .15 Fipat .066 12 .017 .13 Fipev .067 12 .016 .11 .068 1 o .Ol 5 Fipuy .069 12 .014 .09 Fi rix .030 14 .04 1 .75 Fi roy .036 14 .03 5 .60 Firuz .039 14 .032 .50 Fisa.w .043 14 .028 .40 FisGX .046 14 .025 .35 Fisoz .048 14 .023 .30 Fisub .051 14 .020 .22 FItax .053 14 .018 .17 Fitey .054 14 .017 .15 Fitiz .055 14 .016 .13 Fitob .056 14 .015 .12 Fituc .057 14 .014 .11 Fi vay .0575 14 .0135 .10 .058 14 .013 .09 Fivib .060 14 .Oil .08 Fivoc .061 14 .010 .07 Fiweb .02 15 16 .04 1 1.20 Fiwic .02 7 5 16 .03 5 l.OO Fiwod .0305 16 .032 .80 Fiwuf .0345 16 .028 .60 Fixab .0375 16 .02 5 .48 Fixec .0395 16 .023 .38 Fixid .0425 16 .020 .32 Fixof .0445 16 .018 .27 Fixug .0455 16 .017 .20 Fizad .0465 16 .016 .17 Fizef .0475 16 .015 .15 Fizig .0485 16 .014 .13 Fizoh .0490 16 .0135 .12 Fizuj .0495 16 .013 .11 Fubac .0515 16 .Oil .10 Fubed .0525 16 .OlO .09 Fubif .0530 16 .0095 .08 Specify size of wire in decimal of an inch. See page 9 for gauge number equivalents in decimals. 32 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. ffl • - 4 ■,■■■4 1 1 ii i| Mr-.],: .i)->:i Wire ! : ! ■ I I ■ I J V ■ ■ ■ ■ • ■1 m m m ■ ■ r H H 1 i M.-li: .III ! W I ■ ■••■■'■••■a or oblong openings and the openings re- main true during the life of the screen. In sheets of metal perfo- rated, the opening wears into the field of the metal or the metal be- tween openings, thus producing larger sizing each day the screens are in use. The even pulp from Tyler screens aids in any after treatment to save the values. Iron or Steel Wire Cloth Continued Code Word Size of Opening, Decimal of an Inch Number of Meshes per Lineal Inch Diameter of Wire, Decimal of an Inch List Price per Square Foot F U P LI w ' .018T - 24 .023 $1 .20 F" u r3.s .02 1 7 24 .020 .90 Fu rst .0237 24 .018 .65 .0247 24 .017 .50 F LI row .0257 24 .016 .40 Furux .0267 24 .015 .35 Fusat .0277 24 .014 .30 Fusev .0282 24 .0135 .26 Fusox .0287 24 .013 .24 Fusuy .0307 24 .011 .23 Futav .0817 24 .010 .22 Futew .0322 24 .0095 .21 Futix .0327 24 .009 .20 Futoy .0205 26 .018 .90 Futuz .02 1 5 26 .017 .65 Fu vub .0225 26 .016 .50 F U W cL X .(j^o 0 ^0 .u i 0 Fuwey .0245 26 .014 .35 Fu w iz .02 50 26 .0135 .30 Fu wob .0255 26 .013 .26 Fu wuc .0275 26 .011 .24 Fuy az .0285 26 .010 .23 Fu y eb .0290 26 .0095 .22 Fuyic .0295 26 .009 .2 1 Fuyod .0187 28 .017 .80 Fuy uf .0197 28 .016 .60 Fuzab .0207 28 .015 .50 .KJA 1 / 28 r\A A .U irt .c5c3 Fuzid .0222 28 .0135 .35 Fuzof .0227 28 .013 .30 Fuzug .0247 28 .011 .28 Fybet .0257 28 .010 .26 Fybiv .0262 28 .0095 .24 Fybow .0267 28 .009 .23 Fycev .0163 30 .017 .90 Fycox .0173 30 .016 .66 Fycuy .0183 30 .015 .55 Fydav .0193 30 .014 .42 Fydew .0198 30 .0135 .36 Fydix .0203 30 .013 .32 Fydoy .0223 30 .011 .30 Fyduz .0233 30 .010 .28 Fyfaw .0238 30 .0095 .26 Fyfex .0243 30 .009 .24 Specify size of wire in decimal of an inch. See page 9 for gauge number equivalents in decimals 36 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Cement Cloth A uniform fineness of cement product is assured by the even, accurate mesh of the Tyler Double Crimped Wire Cloth. The efficiency of Portland cement depends on the fineness of the product, and the general adoption of the Tyler screens in this rapidly growing industry is an evidence of their accuracy. The term "accurate" as ap- plied to the Tyler products, is not a commercial one, but is intended in its full technical meaning; that is, the mesh is square, counting the same in both directions and made of the same sized wire both ways. The double crimped feature, combined with accuracy of screen mesh, is only obtained in the Tyler product. The so-called "commercial grades" are a mere appeal to first cost in buying. A "long life" screen with an accurate sizing throughout its existence is finally the screen with the least cost to use in this industry where so much depends on proper sizing. The W. S. Tyler Company carries a large stock of all the standard sizes and widths of wire cloth used in the manufac- ture of cement. Special screens to suit any requirement will be made up on short notice. Iron or Steel Wire Cloth Continued Code Word Size of I Opening, Decimal of an Inch Number of Meshes per Lineal Inch Diameter of Wire, Decimal of an Inch List Price per Square Foot Fygax .0153 32 .U i D iX>\J .OO py g-gy .0163 32 .015 .66 F"y gi X .0173 32 .014 .55 py g-Qb .0178 32 .0135 .45 Fy g'uc .0183 32 .013 .40 Fv fyv rn y & J * » ' .0193 32 .012 .38 Fy h ciy .0203 32 .011 .35 Fy hez .02 13 32 .OlO .30 Fyhib .0218 32 .0095 .28 Fyhoc .0223 32 .009 .26 r yjGD .0126 35 .016 1 OR Fy J ic .0136 35 .Ol 5 Fy joci .0146 35 .014 .65 Fyj uf .Ol 51 35 .0135 .DO Fy kcib .01 56 35 .013 Fykdu .0166 35 .012 .42 Fykec .0176 35 .011 .40 Fykid .0186 35 .OlO .36 Fykof .0191 35 .0095 .32 Fykug .0196 35 .009 .30 Fykyn .0123 38 .014 l.OO Fylag .0128 38 .0135 .75 Fylbo .0133 38 .013 .70 Fy Ice .0143 38 .012 .KD\J Fyldu .Ol 53 38 .011 .^O r y lep .0163 38 .OlO Fy I h a .Ol 68 38 .0095 Fylif .0115 40 .0135 .95 Fylog .0120 40 .013 .75 Fylri .0130 40 .012 .65 Fyluh .0140 40 .Oil .50 Fymad .0150 40 .OlO .45 Fymef .0155 40 .0095 .40 Fymig .0160 40 .009 .38 Fymoh .0165 40 .0085 .35 Fympu .0103 42 .0135 1.25 Fy mra .0108 42 .013 l.OO Fy mso .0118 42 .012 .90 Fymti .0128 42 .Oil .80 Fymwe .0138 42 .OlO .55 Fynaf .0143 42 .0095 .45 Fyneg .0092 45 .013 1.30 Fyngu .0102 45 .012 1.20 Fynih .0112 45 .Oil I.IO Fynoj .0122 45 .OlO .65 Fynuk .0127 45 .0095 .55 Fypag .0132 45 .009 .50 Fypeh .0137 45 .0085 .45 Specify size of wire in decimal of an inch. See page 9 for gauge number equivalents in decimals. 38 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U S. A. 39 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Galvanized Wire Cloth The company has operated its own galvanizing apparatus for years and has developed a spe- cial process which is employed in giving the Tyler Double Crimped Steel Wire Cloth a thorough coating of pure spelter with a uniformly smooth finish. Wire cloth can be galvanized after weaving up to and includ- ing 8 mesh. Finer than 8 mesh, galvanized cloth must be made of galvanized wire, for if sub- mitted to the spelter bath after weaving, the openings fill up. Coarser than 8 mesh, the speci- fications should state if galva- nized before or after weaving. Wire cloth which is galvanized after it is woven is much supe- rior to cloth made from galva- nized wire, as the joints are thoroughly soldered, which makes the cloth firm and rust- proof. Where cloth is made from wire galvanized before weaving, the weaving process tends to scrape off much of the spelter. Galvanized cloth can be used to advantage where plain steel cloth would be subject to rust or corrosion. Then, too, in coarse meshes made of light wire, it is well to galvanize the cloth after weaving to hold the wires firmly in place. The list price for galvanized wire cloth is the same as for iron or steel. Iron or Steel Wire Cloth Continued Code Word Size of Opening, an Inch Number of Meshes Inch Diameter of Wire, Decimal of an Inch List Price per Foot Fypul .OlOO 50 .OlO $1 .25 Fy rah .0105 50 .0095 .70 Py r i k .Ol 10 50 .009 .60 Fy rol .0115 50 .0085 .55 Fy rum .0120 50 .008 .50 Fysek .0087 55 .0095 1.20 Fysil .0092 55 .009 .85 Fysom .0097 55 .0085 .75 Fysum .0102 55 .008 .70 Fy tel .0087 60 .008 1 .20 Fytim .0092 60 .0075 .90 Fyton .0097 60 .007 .85 Fytup .0099 60 .00675 .75 Fy vem .0081 64 .0075 1.20 Fy vin .0086 64 .007 .95 Fy vop .0089 64 .00675 .85 Fy warn .0073 70 .007 1 .20 Fy wen .0075 70 .00675 l.OO Fy w i p .0078 70 .0065 .90 Fy wor .0080 70 .00625 .85 Fy wus .0068 74 .00675 1.25 Fy xan .0070 74 .0065 1.10 Fy xep .0073 74 .00625 .95 Fyxir .0075 74 .006 .90 Fy xos .0070 80 .0055 1.40 Fyxut .0073 80 .00525 1.30 Fyzar .0075 80 .005 1.20 Fyzes .0061 90 .005 1.50 Fyzit .0060 lOO .0040 1.75 Fyzov .0053 110 .0038 2.00 Fyzuw .0047 120 .0036 2.25 Specify size of wire in decimal of an inch. See page 9 for gauge number equivalents in decimals. 40 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. M<.!i: 1)^11 jiii/i'ii -I Xlcsli; .1)47 ( . al v.i iiizcd Sanipli- Showing Wire Cloth Galvanized After W(>a\inj,' 41 » THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Heavy Wire Screens The tables commencing on this page show the code word, size of opening, diameter of wire and Hst price per square foot on heavy, -coarse steel screens from 4-inch opening to fVinch opening. In these screens, for the reason that the openings are large and the rods and wires very heavy, orders are indicated by "space" rather than the number of open- ings per lineal inch. The space is the distance between the rods or wires. The very heavy screens of this character are usually supplied in sections, that is, the exact length and width required. There is no limit to the length and width in which these sizes can be furnished, except that the sections be of a convenient size for handling and shipping. The screens where it is neces- sary, will be formed or bent to the proper diameter to fit revolv- ing screens. The Tyler Double Crimped Heavy Wire Screen is used in grading coal, crushed rock, stone, sand and gravel into various marketable sizes. The Tyler Heavy Wire Screen is in general use on trommel screens in mining localities. The screens work much faster than perforated steel plates, and made from special wire they will stand long wear. The Tyler Double Crimped Heavy Wire Screen Iron or Steel Code Word Clear Opening or Space Diameter of R'od or Wire j List Price per Square Foot [ Cabal 4 Inch 1 Inch $1.50 Gabem 4 H " 1.25 Gabop 4 J 1 1 > 1 6 1.00 Gacam 4 H " .90 Gacen 4 IS- .70 Gacip 4 14 " .60 Gacor 4 I's " .55 Gacus 4 H " .50 Gadep " 1 1.60 Gadir 3K " H " 1.30 Gados 334 " 1 6 1.05 Gadut 3H ' " H " .95 Gafap 3H " 9 < ■ .75 Gafer 33/4 " .65 Gafis 3K ' ' T% " .60 Gafot 3H " H " .50 Gaf u V 3K " 5 .36 Gagres 3y. 1 1.65 Gagit 1 35 Gagov -11 < < 1.10 Gagu w 3K ' ' 1 .00 Gah as _9 1 < 1 7} 80 Gahet .70 Gah i V ^ < < .60 Gahow 3H H " .55 G a h u X 3}4 " T 6 .38 Gajev 3}i 1 " 1 .75 Gajox 3'A " K " 1.45 Gajuy 3^4 " 11 I'S 1.20 Gakav 3}4 " H " 1.05 Gakew 3X " 9 << .90 Gakix 3}4 " ¥ " .75 Gakoy 3% " .70 Gakuz 3X *' H " .55 Galaw 314 " .40 Gaioz 3 1 1.85 Galub 3 K " 1.55 Gamax 3 11 1. TIT 1.30 Gamey 3 H " 1.10 Gamiz 3 9 << .95 Gamob 3 .85 Gamuc 3 .70 Ganay 3 H " .60 Ganez 3 T6 .45 Ganib 3 K " .35 4£ 43 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Coal, Sand and Gravel Screens In heavy wire screens with large openings, as illustrated on the opposite page, it is custom- ary to specify the size of the opening rather than the mesh and to state the size of rod or wire. For instance, i-inch open- ing, ^-inch rod. As in the finer sizes of Tyler Woven Wire, these heavy screens are accurate, and the double crimped feature holds the wires or rods in position, giving an accurate sizing until the metal is entirely worn through. The double crimped feature means that the warp and shoot wires are arched over and under each other, forming an abso- lutely rigid construction to the whole screen. The wear is not on the inside of the opening as in the case of perforated metal; the screen does not wear out by the opening being enlarged by use, but rather by wearing on the surface of the rods or wire, thus the sizing is accurate so long as there is metal enough on the surface to retain the weight of the material to be sized. A practical test of the Tyler Heavy Wire Screens to replace punched sheets of metal will demonstrate an increased capac- ity and final saving. Heav}^ Wire Screen — Continued Iron or Steel Code Word Ganud Gapaz Gapeb Gapic Gapod Gapuf Garab Garec Garid Garof Gasac Gased Gasif Gasog Gasuh Gatad Gataf Gatig Gatoh Gatuj Gavaf Gavih Gavoj Gavuk Gaweh Gawij Gawok Gawul Gaxah Gaxik Gaxol Gaxum Gayaj Gayil Gayom Gay un Gazak Gazel Gazim Gazon Gazup Gebax Gebey Gebiz Gebob Gebuc Clear or Oppning Space 1 Diameter of Rod or Wire i List Price er Square Foot 2K Inch 1 Inch $2 .00 2K 74 1 .65 11 << 1.50 ^ " 1.25 2K << IS" l.OO 2K K " .90 2K T6 ' ' .80 2K H " .65 2K 1% ' ' .50 2K a " .38 2K 1 " 2.10 2i4 K " 1.75 2>^ 11 1 6 1.50 2K H " 1.30 2K << 9 << TS 1.15 2K y2 " l.OO IS .00 .75 . oo 74 .rrU ^72 .22 5 ' ' .OO 2K 1 2.15 ^y* K " 1.85 2X 1.65 2>< H " 1.40 2X 9 1.25 2>< 1.10 2K A " .95 2^^ H .80 2K .65 2>< y " .50 2K .225" .40 2K .207 " .38 2 1 2.50 2 2.15 2 11 .< 1.85 2 H " 1.50 2 9 , ■ 1.35 2 y2 " 1.15 2 7 JS l.OO 2 H " .90 2 1 6 .70 2 y " .55 2 .225 " .45 2 .207 " .40 2 .192 " .38 Specify size of wire in decimal of an inch. See page 9 for gauge number equivalents in decimals. 44 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. l-iriph f)i)eiiing. '4-iti<'h Rod j_i-iiuli l)peuing, .-,'07 Wire :-iiu'(i (l|jriiiiig. .19-2 Wire UptMiiiij,', .17 7 W i re li Opcuiiig. .Itii Wire 45 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Nickel Wire Cloth The W. S. Tyler Company is prepared to furnish square mesh wire cloth and filter cloth made from pure nickel wire. This nickel wire cloth is more effective than most other metals in resisting acid action, also in withstanding extreme heat. Nickel wire cloth is carried in stock in 60, 100, 150 and 200 mesh. Filter wire cloth can be furnished in nickel wire with as high as 520 wires to the lineal inch in the filling. Grain Screens Light grade wire cloth is regu- larly made with square or elon- gated openings, and prices will be quoted on specifications or from samples submitted. Rice Mill Cloth On the opposite page is shown an illustration of brush cloth for rice mill work. This cloth is made of a special wire to with- stand the hard wear in polishing rice, and is the result of the company's study and experience in the rice milling industry. The Tyler Brush, Bran and Reel Wires for rice mill work are carried in stock in the standard widths, so that orders can be filled promptly. Special screens will be made up on short notice to suit any requirement. Heavy Wire Screen — Continued Iron or Steel Code Word Clear Opening or Spftce Diameter of Rod or Wire List Price per Square Foot 0 6C6Z 1 34 Inch 1 Inch $2.75 Gecib IK K " 2!40 Ggcoc IK i 1 < « 2 00 Gecud IK " H i;65 Gedaz IK " 1.50 Gedeb IK " 1.25 Gedic IK 1.05 Gedod IK 7S .95 Geduf IK .75 Gefab IK K ' ' .60 Gefec IK " 00 * * .A AO .48 Gef id IK " .207 " .42 Gef of IK " .38 IK 1 3.00 Qeged IK K 2!65 Gegif IK " li " 2.15 Gegog IK " H 1.80 Geguh IK " 1.60 Gehad IK " K " 1.40 Gehef 1 " ' * 1.15 Goh ig" 1 " H ' ' 1 !oo vJifcJ 1 1 oil IK " ■fs " [so r^ciV-i 1 1 i \jlfc?ll UJ IK " K .65 Gsjaf IK " .225 " I50 Gejsg" IK .207 " [45 \j( fc? J 1 r 1 IK " 192 " !40 Gsjoj IK .177 " !35 Gekag IK " K " 3.15 Gekeh IK " \l " 2.50 Gekij IK " K 2.00 Gekok IK " IS ^ ^ 1.70 Gekul IK " 1.50 Gelah IK ;; 7 < t IB 1.35 Gelik IK ^'8 ' * J. . i 0 Gelol IK " .90 Gelum IK " .70 Gemek IK " .225 " .55 Gemil IK " .207 " .48 Gemom IK " .192 " .42 Gemun IK " .177 " .38 Genel K " 3.75 Genim 1 \h " 3.00 Genon H '] 2.35 Genup 1.85 Gepal K 1.55 Gepem 1.40 Gepin H 1.25 Gepop IS ^ ^ 1.00 Gepur .75 Geram .225 " .60 Geren .207 " .50 Gerip .192 " .45 Geror .177 " .40 Gerus .162 " .35 Specify size of wire in decimal of an inch. See page 9 for gauge number equivalents in decimals. 46 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. 47 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Rolled Cloth There was a time when to obtain an absolutely flat screen- ing surface, it was necessary to use sheets of metal and punch holes in them. Of course each hole weakened the sheet, and if punched very close the screen life was extremely short. This type of screen is fast becoming obsolete where it has been used as a screen for sizing products, as it will produce neither the capacity nor the accuracy of products that can be secured through a rolled wire screen. Now, the Tyler Double Crimped Rolled Cloth provides an absolutely flat screening sur- face, and the results in capacity are from lo to 50 per cent greater than can be secured through sheets of metal perfo- rated, because of the greater area of open space or discharge area. Furthermore, the Tyler Rolled Screen will produce a uniform sizing throughout its screen life, while with the perforated screen the hole wears larger into the field of the metal, giving an uneven sizing after a few days' wear. The Tyler Rolled Cloth is recommended for use wherever a flat surface is an advantage in screening, and can be furnished in steel, brass, copper, phosphor bronze or galvanized, to suit the requirement. Heavy Wire Screen — Continued Iron or Steel Code Word Clear Opening or Space Diameter of Rod or Wire List Price per Square Foot Gesep J4 Inch H Inch $2.75 Gesir H " 1 6 2.20 Gesos H " y " 1.75 Gesut }i " 16 " 1.50 Getap H " H " 1.35 Geter H " 1.10 Getis H y .80 Getot H " .225 " .70 Getu V H " .207 " .55 GGwas H " .192 " .50 Gswet H " .177 " .45 GGwiv H " .162 " .40 Gewux H " H " 3.25 Gexat Y'. " 2.60 Gexev H " 2.00 Gexox K " tV " 1.65 Gexuy H " H " 1.45 Geyav K " S 1 1 1.20 Geyew H " y " .90 Geyix K " .225 " .75 Geyoy K " .207 " .65 Gey uz H " .192 " .55 Gezaw .177 " .48 Gezex 34 .162 " .42 Gezoz H .148 " .38 Gibaj H 9 11 3.00 Gibeb H T,^ * * 2. 50 Gibil H " 7 < 1 2.00 Gibom H " H " 1 .65 Gibun H " 5 . . 15 1 .40 Gicak H " y 1 .10 G ice 1 .225 " .90 Gicim H " .207 " .75 Gicon H " .192 " .60 Gicup H " .177 " .50 Gidal H " .162 " .44 Gidem H " .148 " .40 Gidin H " .135 " .33 Gidur " 7 1 S 2. 50 Gifam y " H " 5 1, TS" 2.00 Gifen 'A " 1.60 Gifip y " y " 1.20 Gifor y " .225 " .95 Gifus " .207 " .80 Gigran y " .192 " .68 Gigep y " .177 " .60 Gigir y " .162 " .48 Gigos y " .148 " .42 Gigut y " .135 " .35 Gihap y " .120 " .32 Giher ^ " .105 " .28 Specify size of wire in decimal of an inch. See page 9 for gauge number equivalents in decimals 48 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Rolled Cloth for Drying Screens The Tyler Double Crimped Rolled Cloth can be used to ad- vantage wherever a flat smooth surface is required for drying products. Made from special, heavy, tough wire, the Double Crimped Rolled Cloth presents a large drying area, the rolling process brings the wires in the same plane and so presents a smooth surface which is easily kept clean and oifers little resist- ance to the shovels or scrapers, when the material is being turned or removed from the drying screen. The drying surface or in- creased air space in rolled wire cloth will greatly add to the capacity of the drying system, because of the freer circulation of the steam or warm air. Rolled cloth is extensively used for malt floors and in fact for drying any product which is treated by being exposed to steam or warm air. On orders for rolled cloth it is necessary to show the size of pieces in which the screen is used, as the rolling process makes it impossible to furnish the cloth in full rolls. Heavy Wire Screen — Continued Iron or Steel (^oue >vora Clear Opening or Space Diameter of List Price per Rod or Wire Square Foot Gihot T 6 1 n c ri 5 , 1 n c n »J> 1 . 1 o G i h u V T6 9 . < 1 Pi O i i Fi r VJt IJCll 1 ■? .< Gij©s TJ ' ' 1 40 Gijit TJS' .225 ' ' 1 .oo G i j o V Tff .207 " .85 G i j Li w TS" .192 ' ' .73 G i kas v_ T_6 . 177 ' ' .67 Giket TjS . 1 62 ' ' .53 Gikiv . 148 ' ' .45 7 ,< T6 .135 ' ' .38 G i k u X J .< 1^6 . 120 ' ' .32 Gilat . 105 ' ' .30 G i lox H 5 <, 2.15 Giluy H " 9 ■> 3 2 1 .90 G i mav H 17 << i . / o G i mGW y J. . KjKJ G i m i X rs 1 10 G i moy f% Gim uz H ,OKJ G i n a w 177 " .70 G i n Gx 1 62 ' ' .55 G i n oz 1 A.R * * . i 48 G i n ub H " .135 ' ' .42 G i pax H " . 120 ' ' .35 Gipey H . 105 ' ' .32 G i pob t% " .225 ' ' 1 .50 G i puc 5 .207 " 1 1 r\ i . i u G i ray 5 , , T5 . 1 92 ' ' .88 G i TGZ 5 , , T? 1 ryry t ( . L 1 1 . / O Girib 5 .162 ' ' .65 5 1 6 . 14B ' ' .55 G i rud A " 16 .135 " .48 Gisaz 5 TS .120 " .42 Giseb 5 .105 " .35 Gisuf H " .225 " 2.40 Gitab K " .207 " 1.65 Gitec X " .192 " 1.10 Gitid .177 " .90 Gitof % " .162 " .70 Gitug K " .148 " .60 Givac " .135 " .55 Cived K " .120 " .48 Givif y " .105 " .40 Givog y " .092 " .35 Giwef 3 i < TS .192 " 1.70 Giwig 3 , , Tff .177 " 1.10 Gi woh 3 , , T6 .162 " .90 Giwuj 3 TS .148 " .75 Gixaf 3 , , IS .135 " .65 Gixeg 3 .120 " .55 Gixih 3 , , IS .105 " .50 Gixoi 3 < < .092 " .45 Specify size of wire in decima 1 of an inch. See page 9 'or gauge number equivalents in decimals. 50 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. M,-li; .10.-, Wirt- Rolled iV^ Me,li; .1(1-,' Win- Rolled -2 Me.sli; . Iti-.) Wir,' Rolled 51 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Rolled Cloth for Price List of All Grades Supporting Surfaces xhe Tyler Double Crimped Wire Cloth The Tyler Double Crimped Rolled Wire Cloth makes an ideal supporting surface for liner wire cloth or screen. The rolling process brings the surface of the wires in the same plane so that there are no knuckles to wear through the finer screen. For this reason, the rolled cloth supporting sur- face will greatly increase the life of the fine screen. As an illustration, a gold plate on a watch case may last many years but the same plate on a watch chain would wear through in one year. The short life of the plate on the chain is caused by centralizing the wear at single points of contact. In a similar way a fine screen which is supported by rolled cloth with a smooth surface will outwear many times a fine screen which rests on a rough surface present- ing ridges or high points of con- tact that cause the cloth to wear through quickly at these points. Rolled wire cloth is being ex- tensively used on filters for sup- porting the canvas or duck as it presents a smooth rigid surface. Any mesh and diameter of wire can be furnished to suit the requirements. Orders for rolled cloth should show the size pieces in which the screen is used as the rolling process makes it impossible to furnish the cloth in full rolls. Brass, Copper or Bronze Code Word Gobay Gobez Gobib Goboc Gobud Gocaz Goceb Gocic Gocod Gocuf Godab Godec Godid Godof Godug Gofac Gofed Gofif Gofog Gof uh Gog-ad Gogef Gogig Gogoh Goguj Gohaf Goheg Gohih Gohoj Gohuk Gojeh Gojij Gojok Gojul Gokah Gokik Gokol Gokum Golaj Golek Golil Golom Golun Gomak Gomel Gomim Gomon Gomup Gonal Gonem Gonin Gonop Gonur Gopam Gopen Gopip Size of Opening, Decimal of an Inch .756 .775 .793 .808 .823 .838 .852 .865 .880 .895 .908 .920 .928 .937 .525 .543 .558 .573 .588 .602 .615 .630 .645 .658 .670 .678 .687 .696 .418 .433 .448 .463 .477 .490 .505 .520 .533 .545 .553 .562 .571 .275 .293 .308 .323 .338 .352 .365 .380 .395 .408 .420 .428 .437 .446 .453 Mesh Center to Center of Wire y^"^ y"\ y \ Center t to Center ■ of K" H" Wire Center to Center of Wire Diameter of Wire, Decimal of an Inch List Price per Square Foot .244 .225 .207 .192 .177 .162 .148 .135 .120 .105 .092 .080 .072 .063 .225 .207 .192 .177 .162 .148 .135 .120 .105 .092 .080 .072 .063 .054 .207 .192 .177 .162 .148 .135 .120 .105 .092 .080 .072 .063 .054 .225 .207 .192 .177 .162 .148 .135 .120 .105 .092 .080 .072 .063 .054 .047 $5.50 4.50 3.75 3.25 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.25 .95 .75 .65 .60 .50 5.50 4.50 3.75 3.25 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.25 .90 .75 .65 .55 .48 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.40 l.OO .80 .70 .60 .50 9.00 7.50 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.40 l.OO .80 .60 .50 .45 Specify size of wire in decimal of an inch. See page 9 for gauge number equivalents in decimals. 52 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. 53 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Brass, Copper and Bronze Cloth Beginning on page 52, the tables show the code word, deci- mal size of opening, mesh, diam- eter of wire, and the list price per square foot of brass, copper and bronze wire cloth. The code word in the tables indicates the size of opening, mesh, diameter of wire, also that brass cloth is required. If cop- per or bronze wire is desired, use the code word, adding "copper" or "bronze" immediately after; for instance, "gonal" "copper" would be 2 mesh .120 copper. The tables include practically every grade, but the company is prepared to make any mesh or diameter of wire that can be pro- duced and will be pleased to enter into correspondence with any- one not finding the specification desired in the tables. Brass or copper wire cloth is recommended for use in sizing wet products, thus preventing corrosion; or where the screens have to resist acids as in the mining uses. In fact, wherever a screen rusts out before it wears out, it will be economy to use brass or copper in the long run, even though the first cost is greater. In ordering, specify the num- ber of rolls or pieces, length, width, size of opening or mesh, decimal size of wire; also if brass, copper or bronze is required. Brass, Copper or Bronze Wire Cloth Continued Code Word i Size of ' Opening, Decimal of an Inch Number of Meshes per Lineal Inch Diameter of Wire, Decimal of an Inch List Price per Square Foot ' 1 Gopor .208 2>^ .192 $9.00 Gopus .223 .177 6.50 Goran .238 2>^ .162 5.00 Gorep .252 1y^ .148 4.25 Gorir .265 2K .135 3. 50 Goros .280 2K .120 2.75 Gorut .295 2K .105 2.25 Gosap .308 iy .092 1.60 Goser .320 .080 1.15 Gosis 328 ^72 .072 .90 Gosot 337 2 '4 .063 .70 Gosuv 0 1/ .054 .60 Gotar 353 0 Zi'/2 .047 .50 Gotes 359 .041 .45 Gotov .171 3 .162 6. 50 Gotu w .185 3 .148 5.00 Govas .198 3 .135 4.25 Govet .213 3 .120 3. 50 Goviv .228 3 .105 2.75 Govo w .241 3 .092 2.00 Govux .253 3 .080 1.50 Gowat .261 3 .072 1.10 Gowev .270 3 .063 .85 Gowox .279 3 .054 .70 Gowuy .286 3 .047 .60 Goxav .292 3 .041 .50 Goxew .298 3 .035 .45 Goxix .138 3K .148 6.00 Goxoy .151 3y2 .135 4.75 Goxuz .166 3y2 .120 3.75 Goyaw .181 3y .105 3.00 Goyex .194 3K .092 2.25 Goyoz .206 3y .080 1.75 Goyub .214 sy .072 1.30 Gozax .223 3y .063 1.00 Gozey .232 3y .054 .80 Goziz .239 3y .047 .65 Gozob .245 3y .041 .55 Gozuc .251 3y .035 .50 Gubag .254 3y .032 .45 Gubeh .115 4 .135 6.00 Gubij .130 4 .120 4. 50 Gubok .145 4 .105 3. 50 Gubul .158 4 .092 2.75 Gucah .170 4 .080 2.25 Gucik .178 4 .072 1.75 Gucol .187 4 .063 1.25 Gucum .196 4 .054 .90 Gudak .203 4 .047 .65 Gudej .209 4 .041 .55 Gudil .215 4 .035 .45 Gudom .218 4 .032 .40 Specify size of wire in decimal of an inch. See page 9 for gauge number equivalents in decimals. 54 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Mining Screens The Tyler Double Crimped Mining Screen is without compe- tition for use on jigs. Attempts have been made to imitate it but always with failure in com- bining accuracy with the double crimped feature. Its use is also recommended on all other types of machines in the mining industry, as the Tyler Screen has proven a longer life and a more uniform size of prod- uct than any other screen. The W. S. Tyler Company present no saving in the first cost of this product, but the real and large economy will be found in the life of the screen. The Tyler Screens are made in iron, steel, brass, copper, phos- phor bronze, monel or nickel. Phosphor Bronze Wire Cloth is used in cases where acid inter- feres with the life of the screen and is listed the same as brass or copper, as to the size of the wire and the mesh. The cost of phos- phor bronze wire is greater than that of brass or copper, but where acid comes in contact with the screens, it will prove more economical owing to its increased length of life. The list price for phosphor bronze wire cloth is the same as for brass or copper. Brass, Copper or Bronze Wire Cloth Continued Code Word Size of Opening, Decimal of an Inch Number of Meshes per Lineal Inch Diameter of Wire, Decimal of an Inch List Price per Square Foot Gudun 102 . 120 $5.25 Gufak .117 .105 4.00 Gufel 130 .092 3.35 Guf im .142 4K .080 2.50 Gufon .150 4K .072 1 .90 Guf up .159 .063 1.50 Gugal .168 4K .054 1.05 Gugem .175 .047 .75 Gugin .181 4K .041 .60 Gugop .187 4M .035 .50 Gugur .190 4>^ .032 .43 Gunam 095 O . 105 4.50 G u h en 108 .092 3.50 G u h i p . 120 .080 2.75 Guhor .128 5 .072 2.10 Guhus .137 5 .063 1.75 Gujan .146 5 .054 1.20 Gujep .153 5 .047 .90 Gujir .159 5 .04 1 .65 Gujos .165 5 .03 5 .55 Gujut .168 5 .032 .45 Gukap .172 5 .028 .40 Guker .U / O 6 4.50 Gukis .087 6 3 .25 Gukot .095 6 .072 2 .75 Guku V .104 6 .063 2.25 Gular .113 6 .054 1.60 Gules .120 6 .047 I.IO Gulit .126 6 .04 1 .85 Gulov .132 6 .03 5 .60 Guluw .135 6 .032 .50 Gum as .139 6 .02 8 .45 Gurnet .142 6 .02 5 .40 Gumiv .063 7 .080 4.00 Gumow .07 1 7 .072 3.00 Gumux .080 7 .063 2.50 Gunat .089 7 .054 2.00 Gunev .096 7 .047 1.50 Gunox .102 7 .04 1 l.OO Gunuy .108 7 .03 5 .80 Gupav .111 7 .032 .60 Gupew .115 7 .02 8 .50 Gupix .118 7 .02 5 .45 Gupoy .120 7 .023 .40 Specify size of wire in decimal of an inch. See page 9 for gauge number equivalents in decimals. 56 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Orders In ordering wire cloth, it is important that the following information be given: Number of rolls or pieces, length and width of each roll or piece, size of opening or mesh, decimal size of wire and the material from which the cloth is to be made. Unless all the above items are given, the specifications in the order are not complete. The mesh does not determine the size of opening unless the diameter of the wire is also given. For in- stance, lo mesh is not sufficient, for ID mesh screen can be made from .018 diameter wire with an opening of .082 to .054 diameter wire with an opening .046. Here is an illustration of a complete specification as it should read: Two rolls, 150 feet long, 36 inches wide, 10 mesh, .047 brass wire cloth. Fifty pieces, 13 feet 6 inches X 29^ inches, 12 mesh, .020 copper wire cloth. Full rolls contain 100 lineal feet or more. Less than 100 lineal feet must be invoiced at the less than roll price. Stock widths are 24 inches, 30 inches and 36 inches, but the company will make wire cloth in any width desired, including fractional parts of an inch. To avoid mistakes in order- ing, it is a safe plan to send a small sample of the old screen, or where it is a repeat order, refer to former order or give the date of last invoice. Brass, Copper or Bronze Wire Cloth Continued Code Word Size of Opening, Decimal of an Inch Number of Meslies per Lineal Inch Diameter of Wire, Decimal of an Inch List Price per Square Foot Gupuz .053 8 .072 $3.50 Gu raw .062 8 .063 2.75 Gu rex .07 1 8 .054 2.25 Gu roz .078 8 .047 1.75 Gurub .084 8 .04 1 1.25 Gusax .090 8 .035 1.00 Gusey .093 8 .032 .80 Gusiz .097 8 .02 8 .65 Gusob .100 8 .025 .50 Gutay .102 8 .023 .45 Gutez .105 8 .020 .40 Gutib .039 9 .072 4.00 Gutoc .048 9 .063 3.25 Gutud .057 9 .054 2. bo Guvaz .064 9 .047 2.00 G u veb .070 9 .041 1 .60 Guvic .076 9 .035 1.15 Guvod .079 9 .032 .90 Guvuf .083 9 .02 8 .75 Guwab .086 9 .025 .60 Gu wee .088 9 .023 .50 Guwid .091 9 .020 .45 Guwof .093 9 .018 .40 Gu wug .046 10 .054 2 .75 Guxed .053 10 .047 2.25 Guxif .059 10 .04 1 1.75 Guxog .065 10 .035 1 .25 Guxuh .068 10 .032 1.00 Guyad .072 10 .028 .85 Guyef .075 10 .025 .65 Guyig .077 10 .023 .55 Guyoh .080 10 .020 .50 Guyuj .082 10 .018 .45 Guzaf .036 12 .047 2.75 Guzeg .042 12 .041 2.25 Guzih .048 12 .035 1.75 Guzoj .051 12 .032 1.50 Guzuk .055 12 .028 1.25 Hebab .058 12 .025 .85 Hebec .060 12 .023 .60 Hebid .063 12 .020 .50 Hebof .065 12 .018 .45 Hebug .066 12 .017 .40 Specify size of wire in decimal of an inch. See page 9 for gauge number equivalents in decimals. 58 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Weighing Screen in Shipping Room 59 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Samples A sample department is main- tained by The W. S. Tyler Company which is of great assist- ance to screen users in selecting the right screen for their requirements. Samples of all varieties manu- factured by the company are on file in this department, now reaching over 2000, all different in either type, size of wire, mesh or material. The W. S. Tyler Company is very liberal with samples, and screen users are requested to avail themselves of this service freely. When asking for samples, state the range of meshes which will likely do the work, then a line of screen samples can be forwarded and the right screen selected with the possibility of saving a great expense in experimenting. In new industries where screen- ing conditions are without prec- edent, screen users are urged to communicate with The W. S. Tyler Company with a view of securing samples and such data as may be of advantage in select- ing screens to do their work. If screen users are not certain that they are getting the best possible results from the screen in present use, a request for samples or a test in our labora- tory may result in obtaining a screen better fitted, for the purpose. Brass, Copper or Bronze Wire Cloth Continued Code Word 1 Size of Opening, 1 Decimal of an Inch Number of Meshes per Lineal Inch Diameter of Wire, Decimal of an Inch List Price per Square Foot - Hecac .030 14 .041 $2.75 Heced .036 14 .035 2.25 Hecif .039 14 .032 1.75 Hecog^ .043 14 .028 1.35 Hecuh .046 14 .025 1.00 Hedad .048 14 .023 .80 .051 14 .020 .65 I_I i cr .053 14 .018 .55 ti ea 0 n .054 14 .017 .50 H ed uj .055 14 .016 .45 ri eiaT .056 14 .015 .40 Hefih .0215 16 .04 1 3.25 Hefoj .0275 16 .035 2.75 Heg-ag .0305 16 .032 2.00 Hegeh .0345 16 .028 1.50 Hegij .0375 16 .025 1.25 Hegok .0395 16 .023 .90 Hegul .0425 16 .020 .70 Hehah .0445 16 .018 .60 Hehik .0455 16 .017 .55 Hehol .0465 16 .016 .50 Heh um .0475 16 .015 .45 Heh y r .0485 16 .014 .42 Hej aj .0490 16 .0135 .40 Hejek .0206 18 .035 3.25 Hejil .0236 18 .032 2. 50 Hejom .0276 18 .02 8 2.00 Hejun .0306 18 .025 1.50 Hekak .0326 18 .023 1.25 Hekel .0356 18 .020 .85 Hekim .0376 18 .018 .65 Hekon .0386 18 .017 .60 Hekup .0396 18 .016 .53 Helal .0406 18 .015 .48 Helbo .04 16 18 .014 .45 Helem .0421 18 .0135 .43 Helf u .0426 18 .013 .40 Helin .043 6 18 .012 .38 Helop .0446 18 .011 .32 Helur .0180 20 .032 3.00 Hemam .0220 20 .02 8 2.50 Hemen .02 50 20 .025 2.00 Hemip .0270 20 .023 1.50 Hemor .0300 20 .020 1.15 Hemus .0320 20 .018 .80 Henan .0330 20 .017 .65 Henep .0340 20 .016 .55 Henir .03 50 20 .015 .50 Henja .0360 20 .014 .47 Henos .0365 20 .0135 .45 Henru .0370 20 .013 .43 Hen ut .0380 20 .012 .40 Heper .0390 20 .011 .35 Hepuv .0400 20 .010 .30 Herar .0405 20 .0095 .27 Specify si See page ze of wire in 9 for gauge n decimal of umber equi an inch. valents in decimals. 60 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. A Section of the Sample Room 61 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Delivery from Stock The most recent additions to The W. S. Tyler Company's plant have been made with a view of making up and carrying a large stock of standard sizes and widths of wire cloth, from which quick deliveries can be made. Every effort will be made, even to the extent of other capacity additions, to keep up this stock with a view of filling orders quickly. Often parts of very large orders can be filled from this stock, thus keeping the screen user supplied until the balance of the order can be made up and forwarded in later shipments. It is well in placing large orders to state when delivery will be required rather than asking how soon shipment can be made. The immense facilities of The W. S. Tyler Company enable them to handle orders of any size with but very little delay. Large quantities of raw ma- terial are always carried on hand, so that there is no delay in get- ting started on orders. Thirty-six-inch is the most common stock width, but i8, 24, 30 and 48-inch are carried in some sizes, and any width even to fractional parts of an inch can be made up on short notice. Brass, Copper or Bronze Wire Cloth Continued Code Word Size of Openi ng, Decimal of an Inch Number of M^eshes per Lineal Inch Diameter of Wire, Decimal of an Inch List Price per Square Foot Heres .0175 22 .028 $3.00 Herit .0205 22 .025 2. 50 Herov .0225 22 .023 2.00 Heruw .0255 22 .020 1.50 Hesas .0275 22 .018 1.10 Heset .0285 22 .017 .75 Hesiv .0295 22 .016 .60 Hetat .0305 22 .015 .55 Hetbu .0315 22 .014 .52 Hetev .0320 22 .0135 .50 Hetfi .0325 22 .013 .48 Hetox .0335 22 .012 .45 Hetuy .0345 22 .011 .37 Hevav .0355 22 .010 .30 Hevew .0360 22 .0095 .27 Hevix .0365 22 .009 .25 Hevoy .0187 24 .023 2. 50 Hevuz .0217 24 .020 2.00 Hewaw .0237 24 .018 1.40 Hewex .0247 24 .017 1.00 Hewoz .0257 24 .016 .75 Hewub .0267 24 .015 .60 Hewvi .0277 24 .014 .57 Hexax .02 82 24 .0135 .55 Hexbe .0287 24 .013 .53 Hexey .0297 24 .012 .50 Hexiz .0307 24 .011 .40 Hexob .0317 24 .010 .35 Hexuc .0322 24 .0095 .30 Heyay .0327 24 .009 .27 Heyez .0337 24 .008 .25 Hobah .0185 26 .020 2. 50 Hobel .0205 26 .018 1.75 Hobik .0215 26 .017 1.25 Hobum .0225 26 .016 .90 Hocaj .0235 26 .015 .70 Hocdy .0245 26 .014 .65 Hocek .0250 26 .0135 .60 Hocfo .0255 26 .013 .58 Hocil .02 6 5 26 .012 .55 Hocom .0275 26 .011 .45 Hocun .0285 26 .010 .40 Hodak .0290 26 .0095 .35 Hodim .0295 26 .009 .30 Hodon .0305 26 .008 .27 Specify size of wire in decimal of an inch. See page 9 for gauge number equivalents in decimals. 62 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Odd Specifications The W. S. Tyler Company is equipped to fill any specification for wire cloth, no matter how unusual. This may include odd meshes, odd sizes and shapes of opening, screens woven from cable or square wire, either in warp or shoot, or both, and including special composition of metal, or any of those in commercial use, such as lead, aluminum, nickel, German silver, Monel, Bentro metal, etc. Naturally their wide experi- ence in producing screens for every use has made The W. S. Tyler Company a clearing house for the solution of special screen- ing problems, and they will render every assistance in sup- plying well the wants of their patrons purely with the idea of seeking new markets for their regular or special products. The records and sample files of The W. S. Tyler Company show that they have produced in their history more than 2000 different screens, with a variance in type of screen, material, size of wire, shape and size of opening. Tests can be made from any of these samples on file, and variations can be produced from any of them to successfully meet any special requirement. Brass, Copper or Bronze Wire Cloth Continued Code Word S' f pening, an inc N 1 f a t" h"^ 0 . es es per ijineal Inch uianieter ot Wire Decimal of an Inch - ijibt rrice per bQuare Foot Hodup .0177 28 .018 $2.00 Hofal .0187 28 .017 1.40 11 oTi n 0197 28 0 1 6 Hofop !0207 28 ;oi5 . .75 Hofre .0217 28 .014 .70 Hofur .0222 28 .0135 .65 Hogam .0227 28 .013 .60 Hogen .0237 28 .012 .57 Hogip .0247 28 .011 .48 Hogor .0257 28 .010 .43 Hogus .02 62 28 .0095 .38 Hohan .0267 28 .009 .33 Hohep .0277 28 .008 .28 Hohir 30 .\J L 1 1 .60 Hohut .0173 30 .016 1.10 Hojap .0183 30 .015 .80 Hojbo .0193 30 .014 .75 Hojer .0198 30 .0135 .70 Hojgi .0203 30 .013 .65 Hojis .0213 30 .012 .60 Hojot .0223 30 .011 .50 Hoj u V .0233 30 .010 .45 Hokar .0238 30 .0095 .40 Hokes .0243 30 .009 .35 Hokit .0253 30 .008 .30 Holas .0153 32 .016 1 .50 Holet .01 63 32 .015 1.15 Holfo .0173 32 .014 1.00 Holiv .0178 32 .0135 .85 Holly .0183 32 .013 .80 Holow .0193 32 .012 .70 Holux .0203 32 .011 .60 Homev .0213 32 .010 .50 Homox .02 18 32 .0095 .45 Homuy .0223 32 .009 .42 Hon av .0233 32 .008 .37 Honew .0126 35 .016 2.00 Honix .0136 35 .015 1.50 Honke .01 46 35 .014 1.20 Honoy .0151 35 .0135 1 .00 Hon ra .0156 35 .013 .90 Hon uz .0166 35 .012 .80 Hopaw .0176 35 .011 .70 Hopex .0186 35 .010 .60 Hopoz .0191 35 .0095 .55 Hopub .0196 35 .009 .50 Horax .0206 35 .008 .45 Horba .0123 38 .014 1.50 Horce .0128 38 .0135 1.30 Hordi .0133 38 .013 1.20 Horfo .0143 38 .012 1.10 Horgu .0153 38 .011 .80 Horhy .01 63 38 .010 .65 Horjm .0168 38 .0095 i 1 .55 Specify size of wire in decimal of an inch. See page 9 for gauge number equivalents in decimals. 64 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. 5 Mesh; .105 Round Warp, Square Shoot 8x7 Mesh; MiS Round Warp, .072 S(niare Shoot 18 Mesh Cabled Copper 65 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Trommels A thoroughly screened prod- uct can be had from the use of the Tyler Double Crimped Cloth for trommel work. A wire screen takes out all the fines as the material passes over it. This is not true with a screen made of perforated metal, as the screening area is so limited that the fines are often carried into the oversize instead of passing the screen. A trommel covered with Double Crimped wire cloth will have the same screening or dis- charging area as one of twice the length covered with perforated metal. The Tyler trommel screens are made from special, heavy, tough material to insure long life. Trommel screens will be bent to proper shape to fit the trommel. In ordering, state the length and diameter of the trommel, also if a lap or butt joint is required. The space between the wires, and wire diameter, or the mesh and the diameter of the wire, should be given on a requisition. If the wire screen is to replace perforated metal, the diameter and shape of opening, also thickness of the plate, should be stated. Rolled wire cloth can often be used to advantage for trom- mel work where a smooth sur- face is required. Brass, Copper or Bronze Wire Cloth Continued Code Word Size of Opening, Decimal of an Inch Number of IVIeshes per Lineal Inch Diameter of ^Vire Decimal of an Inch List Price Square Foot Horey .01 15 40 .0135 $1 .60 Horkn .012 40 .013 1 .50 Horiz .0130 40 .012 1 .30 Horob .0140 40 .01 1 .85 Horuc .01 50 40 .010 .65 Hosay .0155 40 .0095 .60 Hosez .0160 40 .009 .55 Hosib .01 70 40 .008 .50 Hosja .0103 42 .0135 1 .75 Hoske .0108 42 .013 1 .50 Hosli .01 18 42 .012 1.20 Hosmo .0128 42 .011 1.00 Hosnu .0138 42 .010 .80 Hospn .0143 42 .0095 .70 Hosoc .0102 45 .012 1.75 Hosud .0112 45 .011 1.30 Hotaz .0122 45 .010 1.00 Hoteb .0127 45 .0095 .85 Hotic .0132 45 .009 .70 Hotod .0142 45 .008 .60 Hotuf .0090 50 .011 1.60 Hovab .0100 50 .010 1 .30 Hovec .0105 50 .0095 1.00 Hovid .0110 50 .009 .80 Hovof .0120 50 .008 .70 Hovug .0092 55 .009 1.00 Howac .0102 55 .008 .80 Howed .0112 55 .007 .70 Howif .0077 60 .009 1.25 Howog .0087 60 .008 .85 Howuh .0097 60 .007 .70 Hoyeg .0073 70 .007 1.00 Hubat .0068 80 .00575 1.25 Hubox .0059 90 .00525 1.50 Hucuz .0055 100 .0045 1.75 Specify size of wire in decimal of an inch. See page 9 for gauge number equivalents in decimals. 66 67 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Fine Bronze and Phosphor Bronze Wire Cloth The W. S. Tyler Company's extra fine Bronze and Phosphor Bronze Cloth is recommended for all screening purposes where accuracy is required, such as laboratory work in making the screen analysis of ore, cement, etc. This cloth will be found ac- curate in mesh and dependable in uses where a close separation is necessary. Most of the extra fine sizes are carried in stock 36 inches wide and some of them in 24, 30 and 48-inch widths. Market Grades In the regular market grade of brass and copper cloth shown in the table opposite, 24, 30 and 36 inches are considered stock widths, but special widths will be furnished on request. Brass Milk Strainer Brass Milk Strainer Cloth, 40, 50 and 60 mesh, is carried in stock in rolls 5 feet long, 12 inches wide, 100 rolls to the case; or it can be furnished in rolls 100 feet long and 36 inches wide, or in special lengths and widths upon request. Price List of Extra Fine Bronze or Phosphor Bronze Wire Cloth Code Word Ibafu Ibaky Ibava Ibcov Ibdor Ibfat Ibguy Ibjan Ibmed Ibobs Ibovo Ibper Ibsum Ibtry Ibups Icady Fcags Icako Icaoc lease Icboy Iccor Iceds Iceky Icerg Iceth Icf ip Icgar Icgod Icibs Icmok Size of Opening ]Mesh r lain 00 5 5 1 KJKJ .Kjyjo 1 1 30 i ou 1 70 .0033 180 .003 1 190 .0029 200 .002 8 220 .0026 240 .0024 250 .0022 260 Twilled .0046 110 .0043 120 .0039 130 .0038 140 .0037 150 .0035 160 .0033 170 .003 1 180 .0029 190 .0027 200 .002 6 220 .0025 240 .0024 250 .0022 260 .0020 280 .0017 300 Diameter of Wire List Price Square Foot 0045 $1 75 004 1 85 0037 2 00 0034 2 25 0029 2 50 0026 2 75 0025 3 00 0024 3 50 0023 4 00 0022 4 25 0021 4 50 0017 5 00 0016 6 00 0016 6 50 0016 7 00 0045 1 85 004 2 00 0038 2 25 0033 2 50 0030 2 75 0028 3 00 0026 3 50 002 5 4 00 0024 4 25 0023 4 50 0019 5 00 0017 6 00 0016 6 50 0016 7 00 0016 8 00 0016 10 00 Price List of Regular Market Grade The Tyler Brass, Copper or Bronze Wire Cloth Code Size of Mesh Diameter of List Price Word Opening Wire Square Foot Idada .437 2 .063 $0.60 Idafe .279 3 .054 .70 Idamb .203 4 .047 .65 Idaog .159 5 .04 1 .65 Idaru .132 6 .035 .60 Idavi .097 8 .02 8 .65 Idbed .075 10 .025 .65 Idbur .060 12 .023 .60 Idcey .051 14 .020 .65 Iddaf .0445 16 .018 .60 Iddit .0386 18 .017 .60 Idebt .0340 20 .016 .55 Idedy .0305 22 .015 .55 Idegs .0267 24 .015 .60 Iderd .0198 30 .0135 .70 Ideup .0176 35 .011 .70 Idexa .01 50 40 .010 .65 Idfak .0127 45 .0095 .85 Idfla .0110 50 .009 .80 Idfre .0087 60 .008 .85 Idfuz .0073 70 .007 1.00 Idhin .0068 80 .00575 1.25 Idhub .0059 90 .0052 5 1.50 Idiaz .0055 100 .0045 1.75 68 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. 69 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Testing Sieves A screen test is of little value unless made with an accurate square mesh testing sieve. You can get an accurate test with the Tyler sieves as the cloth is square in mesh and made from the same gauge wire both ways, therefore dependable in testing. You would not put much faith in measurements taken with a rule that had ten inches to the foot — then why make a screen test with a sieve that is from 5 to 15 meshes off in the count. As an example, 100 mesh screen will count 100 meshes to the inch both ways, while, what is known as the commercial grade fine brass cloth is irregular in mesh and may count 100 meshes one way and be off from 5 to 15 meshes the other. Uniform square mesh testing sieves are an absolute necessity in making intelligent comparison of tests, therefore the Tyler sieve is being adopted by users who appreciate the value of an exact screen analysis. The Tyler Standard Testing Sieves are made 6 to 12 inches in diameter and from i-inch opening to 300 mesh. For laboratory use, the 8-inch diameter sieve with brass frame is recommended. The 6, 7 and 8-inch sieves are made with dies that produce a seamless metal rim across which the cloth is stretched tightly. Sieves of these diameters are also furnished with bottom pan and cover which are pressed from a sheet of metal and made to fit each sieve in the set. The use of pan and cover cannot be urged too forcibly, as they facilitate the sifting operation and protect the fine wire cloth from injury when not in use. Covers will be furnished either flat or with handles, as shown on the opposite page. The flat covers can be used to advantage in testing several different products at the same time, where the sieves are shaken in a set. For this work bottom pans can also be furnished with the extended rim, so that the pan will nest in the series of sieves the same as the sieves themselves. Nested Sieves are regularly supplied, i. e., the extended rim of each sieve fits the top of any sieve of the same diameter, as shown in the illustration on the opposite page. Telescope Nests are made with the sieves to enclose one within the next size, but cost extra according to the number of sieves in the nest. 70 71 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. The Tyler Standard Screen Scale Sieves This screen scale has as its base an opening of .0029-inch which is the opening in 200 mesh .0021-inch wire, the standard sieve, as adopted by the Bureau of Standards of the United States Government, the openings increasing in the ratio of the square root of 2 or 1. 414. Where a closer sizing is required in the finer openings, a scale is shown below this table from 65 to 200 mesh, in which the openings increase in the ratio of the fourth root of 2 or 1.189. Opening Diameter Brass Frames Covered with Brass Wire Cloth in Code Word Inches Ratio vi~ or 1.414 Opening in Millimetres Mesh Wire, Decimal of an Inch 6-Inch Diameter List Price 7-Inch Diameter List Price 8-Inch Diameter List Price 10-Inch Diameter List Price 12-Inch Diameter List Price Each Each Each Each Each Ifack 1.050 26.67 .149 $2.65 $3.30 $4.00 $5.45 $6.95 Ifaiv .742 18.85 .135 2.65 3.30 4.00 5.45 6.95 Ifaka .525 13.33 .105 2.65 3. 30 4.00 5.45 6.95 If amp .371 9.423 .092 2.65 3.30 4.00 5.45 6.95 Ifarc .263 6.680 3 .070 2.50 3.10 3. 70 5.00 6.30 Ifbes .185 4.699 4 .065 2. 50 3.10 3. 70 5.00 6. 30 Ifbon .131 3.327 6 .036 2. 50 3.10 3. 70 5.00 6.30 Ifbut .093 2.362 8 .032 2. 50 3.10 3.70 5.00 6. 30 Ifcar .065 1.651 10 .035 2. 50 3.10 3. 70 5.00 6.30 Ifcod .046 1.168 14 .025 2. 30 2.85 3.40 4. 50 5.65 Ifday .0328 .833 20 .0172 2. 30 2.85 3. 40 4. 50 5.65 If dot .0232 .589 28 .0125 2. 30 2.85 3. 40 4. 50 5.65 Ifeco .01 64 .417 35 .0122 2. 30 2.85 3.40 4.50 5.65 Ifeox .0116 .295 48 .0092 2. 30 2.85 3. 40 4. 50 5.65 Iferb .0082 .208 65 .0072 2.30 2.85 3. 40 4.50 5.65 Ifeve .0058 .147 100 .0042 2.85 3.55 4.30 5. 90 7.60 Ifged .004 1 .104 150 .002 6 3.55 4. 50 5.50 7.75 10.20 Ifgik .0029 .074 200 .0021 4.75 6.15 7.60 10.95 14.75 For Closer Sizing— 65 to 200 Mesh Code Word Opening in Inches Ratio - 4/ 1/2 or 1.189 Opening in Millimetres Mesh Diameter of Wire, Decimal of an Inch 6-Inch Diameter List Price Each 7-Inch Diameter List Price Each 8-Inch Diameter List Price Each 10-Inch Diameter List Price Each la-Inch Diameter List Price Each Ifgur .0082 .208 65 .0072 $2.30 $2.85 $3.40 $4.50 $5.65 Ifhaz .0069 .175 80 .0056 2.50 3.10 3.70 5.00 6. 30 Ifhim .0058 .147 100 .0042 2.85 3.55 4.30 5. 90 7.60 Ifhul .0049 .124 115 .0038 3.00 3.80 4.60 6.35 8.25 Ifida .004 1 .104 150 .0026 3.55 4.50 5. 50 7.75 10.20 Iflag- .0035 .088 170 .0024 4.00 5.20 6.40 9.10 12.15 Ifmez .0029 .074 200 .0021 4.75 6.15 7.60 10.95 14.75 Ifzal Ifzun Brass pan and cover Tinned pan and cover $1.75 1.50 $2.00 1.75 $2.25 2.00 $2.75 2. 50 $3.25 3.00 Igann, 6 inches diameter; Igasp, 7 inches diameter; Igaza, 8 inches diameter; Igbom, 10 inches diameter; Igbug, 12 inches diameter. Igevo, include pan and cover. In ordering testing sieves from this table, they must be specified as the "Tyler Standard Screen Scale Sieves." 72 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. The Tyler Standard Screen Scale There has long been a demand for standard testing sieves with accurately measured openings that increase or decrease through the series in a fixed ratio. Although several screen scales have been proposed from time to time, they have never found their way into common use or practice. This was on account of the difficulties of weaving the many odd sizes of mesh and wire called for in the proposals, also that the screen scales did not contain any of the sieve openings in general use. The value of a standard to which all can work is admitted, and in establishing the Tyler Standard Scale, shown on the opposite page, as well as manufacturing the cloth to this scale, we believe we have contributed something worth while to the advancement of standard- ization in technical work. Various bases have been proposed for the starting point in screen scales, some taking one inch and others one millimetre opening, the scales ranging above and below these starting points. However, as many industries have established 200-mesh cloth as the minimum in screen sizing and as the Bureau of Standards of the United States Government has standardized the 200-mesh sieve made from .0021-inch wire, having an opening of .0029-inch, this sieve has been adopted as the base of the Tyler Standard Screen Scale. The lOO-mesh and the 20-mesh sieves in this screen scale also come within the specifications adopted by the Bureau of Standards, so that there are three sieves in the series which have been standardized by the Bureau. When it is necessary to carry an analysis finer than 200 mesh, sieves can be supplied as fine as 260 mesh in plain cloth and 300 mesh in twilled cloth. The ratio between the different sizes of the screen scale has been taken as 1.414 or the square root of 2, as recommended by Rittinger in his work on ore dressing. The niceness of this will be apparent from the following: taking .0029-inch or .074 millimetre, the opening in the 200-mesh sieve as the base or starting point, the diameter of each successive opening is exactly 1.414 times the opening in the previous sieve. It also makes the area or surface of each successive opening in the scale just double that of the next finer or half that of the next coarser sieve. In other words, the diameters of the successive sizes have a constant ratio of 1.414 while the areas of the successive openings have a constant ratio of 2. 73 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. The Tyler Standard Screen Scale — Continued This constant ratio in the openings is shown drawn to scale. To illustrate: the opening .093-inch in the (8-mesh) sieve is 1.414 times the opening in the preceding sieve .065-inch (lo-mesh). The area of the opening in .093-inch (8-mesh) sieve is twice that of .065-inch (lo-mesh) and just half the area of the opening in the .131-inch (6-mesh) sieve. Opening .0029" 200 Mesh Opening .0041" Opening .0058" Opening .0082" 65 Mesh Opening .0116" Opening .0164" Opening .0252" Opening .0328" Opening .046" Opening .065" □ Opening .09?" □ Opening .131' □ □ Opening Opening .185" .263" Opening .371" Openi: . 525'' Opening .742" Opening 1.050" Another advantage in this selection of ratio is that by skipping every other screen, you have a ratio of diameter of 2 to i, by skipping two sizes you have a ratio of 3 to i (approximately), and by skipping three sizes, you get a ratio of 4 to i, so that in selecting a screen scale for concentrating work, for instance, you can pick out from the table without any calculation a 1.414, 2, 3, or 4 to i ratio of opening. The Tyler Standard Screen Scale with a 1.414 ratio has eighteen sieves ranging from .0029-inch (200-mesh) to 1.05-inch opening, making only four sieves in the series that are .0082-inch (65-mesh) and finer, and while this number has been found ample to cover all the requirements in ordinary laboratory practice and in the plotting of curves showing a screen analysis, yet, to provide for a closer sizing where it is necessary in the finer sizes, the table on page 72 will be found to contain three intermediate sieves making seven sieves .0082-inch (65-mesh) and finer. The screen scale in the lower table is based on an opening of .0029- inch and increases in series in the ratio of the fourth root of 2 or 1.189, the factor recommended by Prof. Richards in his work on ore dressing. 74 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. The Tyler Standard Screen "^o^dX^— Continued This then has a ratio of 1. 189 or the fourth root of 2 between the sizes .0082-inch (65-mesh) and .0029-inch (200-mesh) or a difference in the areas between these sizes of about 1.5 times instead of 2. This closer ratio can be carried through the coarser sizes if found to be necessary. In the Tyler Standard Screen Scale, the size of opening has been placed in the first column of the table on account of its importance. The term "mesh" has been made secondary and its use should be discontinued as far as possible. In a technical sense, the word "mesh" is meaningless, unless the diameter of the wire is also given, so that the opening is determined. The size of opening is the measure of the product and the mesh and diameter of wire are only valuable as a means of determining the size of opening. However, the mesh and diameter of wire have also been shown in the tables for the convenience of those who still wish to use "mesh" in referring to testing sieves. On sieves made to the Tyler Standard Scale will be found name plates, marked with the size of opening both in inches and millimetres, as well as showing the number of mesh. Suggestions for Testing Where it is not necessary to test all of a sample, it is good practice to use 100, 250, 500 or 1,000 grams, as the results in weights can easily be turned into per cents. In taking a small sample from a larger quantity, for a screen test, it is very necessary that great care should be taken to have the sample to be tested a fair or average sample. (The sampling of large lots may best be done by taking every alternate shovelful, or every second, fifth or tenth, according to the size of the lot and repeating this till the sample is reduced to 75 or 100 pounds. From this point on the sampling can best be done with a sample-splitting device, but failing apparatus for this purpose, spread the pulp on a sampling sheet, mix thoroughly, spread out in a circle to a uniform thickness, mark off into four quarters, reject any two of these opposite quarters, and repeat the same operation on the remaining two until the sample is reduced to the required size.) Great care should be taken not to lose any of the product in the testing process, however, the loss cannot be entirely eliminated. There are three methods in common practice of overcoming this small percent- age of loss. One is to start the test with a sample from one to three grams overweight. By experience this quantity can be very definitely determined so that the final quantities will show 100, 250, 500 or 1,000 75 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Suggestions for Testing — Continued grams as required. The larger the sample, the larger the loss will be, so that if a sample weighing i,ooo grams be used, it would be well to start with 1,003 grams. Another method is to divide the loss in propor- tion to the weight of the different products. Still another method is to assume that the loss is in the fines, i. e., the minus 200-mesh product. To save time in testing it is well to place the various sieves to be used in one nest, the coarsest opening at the top of the nest. Place the sample to be screened in the top sieve. The sieves can be roughly shaken in this method and as the product works down through the finer sieves, they will not be overloaded and a quick separation obtained. After shaking the sieves roughly, each sieve should then be shaken separately over a pan to make sure the separation is complete. The sieves should be shaken anywhere from four to ten minutes, the time varying as to the fineness and quality of the product, also to the amount of screen surface in the sieve. For ordinary laboratory work, it is often custom- ary to place a light washer in each sieve to help in keeping the mesh free and the product stirred up, so that it will more rapidly pass through. The above has reference to the making of dry screen analyses, but it is^ considered by many authorities to be better practice wherever possible, to make all screen analyses by the wet method. This may be done by first removing all of the clay and slimy matter by repeated washings and decantations, taking care not to decant any of the plus 200-mesh sands and then individually screening each size under water. Another method which gives substantially the same results and saves much trouble and accidental loss, is to wash and decant the slimes as above, then to wet screen the de-slimed sands on some intermediate screen, say .0082-inch (65-mesh), then to wet screen the minus .0082- inch (65-mesh) material on the .0029-inch (200-mesh). In this way, the amount of material to be handled on the .0029-inch (200-mesh) is much reduced. Dry both the plus .0082-inch (65-mesh) and plus .0029-inch (200-mesh) sands at a low temperature, and complete the screen analysis on these sands in the usual manner for dry testing. Combine all the minus .0029-inch (200-mesh) screenings with the de- canted slimes, settle, decant the clear water and evaporate to dryness. In this wet testing, the sieve should be submerged just so that the water will cover the product in the sieve, the wave-like motion of the water washing the material through the sieve as it is moved back and forth. By using the wet process, all of the fines will be washed out of the product much more thoroughly than they can by being dry screened. 76 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Graphic Illustration of Screen Analysis There are many advantages in the graphic method of illustrating the data obtained in a screen analysis. Plotted curves of the crushmgs by different methods or from two competing machines, for instance, express the differences in a more striking and concise manner than does the tabulated data. Of the several methods of plotting these curves, the cumulative direct plot and cumulative logarithmic plot are the two most valuable and generally used. The curves in either plan are plotted by marking the cumulative percentages of the material which remam on the sieves on the corresponding vertical lines drawn from the several openings on the horizontal scale of the diagram. After drawing in the curve, the percentages remaining on any set of openings other than those of the testing sieves used, can be found by interpolation and m this way the re-distribution of the same material by any assumed set of openings can be determined. The difference between a direct and logarithmic diagram is that in a direct plot the sieve openings are laid out to an arithmetical scale, while in the logarithmic plot they are laid down to a logarithmic scale. The peculiarity of the two scales is that in the arithmetical scale the actual horizontal distances between each vertical line increase or diminish in the same ratio as that in which the screen openings do,_ and in the logarithmic scale, the screen openings are plotted to the logarithm of the diameter of the opening (the ratio between the sizes being a constant), the horizontal scale of screen openings will be one of equal spaces. The W. S. Tyler Company will furnish in connection with sieves made to the Tyler Standard Screen Scale, specially ruled paper for plot- ting curves as described above. The size of the sheets being 8>^ x ii inches and of suitable paper for making blueprints, put up in pads of 25 sheets each. These diagram sheets for plotting curves will also have printed on them the Tyler Standard Screen Scale with a blank column left for noting the weight of the material remaining on each testing sieve, a column for the percentage of weight and a column for the cumulative per cent of weight. By cumulative per cent is meant the total amount of the product which would remain on a testing sieve if only one sieve were used for testing the whole sample, so that to get the cumulative weight, it is necessary to add all of the material which remains on sieves coarser than the one in question to the amount remaining on that sieve. In other words, on a cumulative plot, each point represents the total material that would be retained if only the one sieve represented by that particular point were used in the analysis. 77 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Cumulative Direct Plot On the opposite page will be found an illustration of the paper for making a Cumulative Direct Plot. This form of direct plotting is unique, since all crushings, to what- ever size, are expressed on diagrams of the same uniform dimensions and having the same length of base line. This renders a comparison of the curves from various crushings more comprehensive than when diagrams with varying lengths of base line are used. The vertical lines on the diagram represent any given set of sieve openings having a constant ratio of 1.414, the first left-hand vertical representing the screen opening through which the sample has all been crushed, and the last, or extreme right-hand vertical, representing zero. The curves, therefore, start at the lower left-hand corner and terminate at the upper right-hand one. A diagonal drawn between these two points would be "the line of perfect crushing," and the closer the plotted curve approaches this diagonal line, the nearer the actual crushing is to the ideal. By way of illustration a crushing has been plotted on the opposite page representing material that has been reduced with rolls to all pass an 0.093 (8-mesh) opening. The table at the foot of the diagram gives the data from which this curve has been developed. Eleven screens were used in this analysis, which are represented by the use of the same number of vertical lines on the diagram, and are so designated by the written figures. The intersection of the 200-mesh vertical with the curve shows that the cumulative (or total) percentage of material held on this size was 84%, leaving 16% as the amount passing through, which is expressed by that portion of the curve lying to the right and beyond the 200-mesh intersection and terminating at the upper right-hand zero. Likewise the 0.0328 (20-mesh) vertical cuts the curve at 36%, the amount retained and leaving 64% as the amount passing through this size opening. Had the crushing, however, been for instance, through 0.0164 (3 S-mesh) instead, and, consequently only six screens been used in the analysis, then the sixth vertical would be used to represent the last, or 200-mesh sieve in the series, instead of the eleventh as in the previous case. After some experience with this method, the curve corresponding to any given material, size or method of crushing can be very closely approximated, and from it an estimate of the different sized quantities arrived at without recourse to, or in the absence of, any laboratory experiment on the ore. 78 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. The Tyler Standard Screen Scale Cumulative Direct Diagram of Screen Analysis on Sample of ^'t^. Name ^y^^.^...4^..^..^y.-^§^-^^-*^ Date-.^^^rtr^^--^^-'^^-^-^^- COMPANV. CLCVCLAND, OHIO 79 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Cumulative Logarithmic Plot The arithmetical difference between the size of openings in the standard screens is small for the fine sizes, while for the coarser screens, the arithmetical difference is comparatively great. However, the ratios between the size of openings in successive sieves are constant and it is the ratios that are usually considered in commercial screening. A very ingenious and satisfactory way to plot a curve, covering a wide range of sizes is by the use of a method in which equal distances on the horizontal scale represent equal ratios of diameter, thereby compressing the curve i for the coarse sizes and extending it for the small sizes. This result is secured I automatically by plotting the logarithms of the diameters of the openings on the horizontal scale. See illustration on the opposite page. For those who are not familiar with logarithms, the only explanation that need be given to make this method of plotting useful and perfectly clear, is to say that although the logarithmic spacing is not the same as the arithmetical difference between the numbers, yet for short intervals the variation between the two is too small to be noticed, for example, .120-inch is located with practical accuracy on the paper by taking a point .8 of the distance from .1 to .125 (0.8 x 0.25 =0.20), but for a longer interval, as from .1 to .2, the difference between the logarithmic and arithmetical methods is so great that it would not do to locate .150 half way between .1 and .2. It will be observed that the logarithmic intervals are the same between 0.001 and o.oi as between o.oi and o.i or between o.i and i.o. The unit lines are heavier than the fractional lines. Where the space between units is small, as between .04 and .05 or .05 and .06, there is room for only one fractional line, but where the space is greater, as between .01 and .02 or .02 and .03, three fractional lines are shown, dividing the space into quarters, as .0125, .0150, .0175, .020 or .0225, .0250, .0275, .030. The lightest vertical lines indicate the correct position of the sieves of the Tyler Standard Screen Scale. It is a very easy matter to point the cumulative per cent of product on the light lines which indicate the sieves of the Tyler Standard Screen Scale and then draw in the curve. A curve has been plotted by way of illustration on the diagram on the opposite page, the screen analysis being shown in tabulated form on the table below the diagram. The paper illustrated shows the size of opening in the testing sieves in decimals of an inch, but the same style of paper is also supplied with the size of opening in the sieves indicated in millimetres. 80 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. The Tyler Standard Screen Scale Cumulative Logarithmic Diagram of Screen Analysis on Sample of . . . .0^^^. . Name.^ .162 .252 2K .148 .265 .135 .272 2>^ .128 .280 2K .120 .290 .110 .295 .105 .302 2K .098 .308 .092 . 1 85 3 .148 .198 3 .135 .205 3 .128 .213 3 .120 .223 3 .110 .228 3 .105 .235 3 .098 .241 3 .092 .151 ^Vi .135 .158 3K .128 .166 3>^ 120 .176 3>^ .110 .181 3>^ .105 .188 3K .098 .194 sYt. .092 .130 4 .120 .140 4 .110 .145 4 .105 .152 4 .098 .158 4 .092 .170 4 .080 .108 5 .092 .120 5 .080 .128 5 .072 92 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A Galvanized Wire Cloth for Refrigerator Cars Where wire cloth is constantly subjected to moisture, as in refrigerator cars, its economy in life depends not only upon its original construction but the thoroughness with which it is galvanized. The first point attacked by rust in wire' cloth is at the intersection of the wires. For refrigerator car work, The W. S. Tyler Company produces a steel wire cloth with the warp and shoot wires thoroughly crimped over and under each other, which in itself gives a tight intersection of the wires. After it is woven, it is given a heavy coating of pure spelter. This not only covers the wires but solders the wire intersections so that no moisture can be retained in them, thereby making it rustproof. The company is prepared to galvanize cloth after it is woven, up to and including 8 mesh. Where a finer mesh is required, it is necessary to weave the cloth from galvanized wire, because in fine meshes the openings stop up if subjected to the spelter bath. The accom- panying list includes the meshes best adapted for use in refrigerator cars. Ventilator Cloth The Tyler Double Crimped Ventilator Wire Cloth is made from brass, copper or bronze wire and the accompanying list includes desirable meshes for use in deck lights. Railroads having a standard specification for venti- lator cloth should show the mesh both ways and the diameter of the wire expressed in the decimal fraction of an inch. For instance, 30 x 30 mesh, .011 copper wire cloth. Standard Sizes of Galvanized Wire Cloth for Refrig- erator Cars Number of Meshes per Lineal Inch Diameter of Wire, Decimal of an Inch 2x2 .135 2x2 .120 2x2 .105 2x2 .080 2x2 .063 3x3 .063 3x3 .054 4x4 .063 4x4 .047 5x5 .063 5x5 .054 5x5 .047 Standard Sizes of Ventilator Wire Cloth Number of Meshes per Lineal Inch Diameter of Wire, Decimal of an Inch 18 X 18 .017 20 X 20 .018 20 X 20 .016 24 X 24 .0135 24 X 24 .012 24 X 24 .01 1 30 X 30 .012 30 X 30 .011 36 X 36 .010 40 X 40 .010 40 X 40 .009 All of the above sizes are made in brass , copper and bronze wire. 94 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Ton-Cap Screen Ton-Cap is a screen with oblong opening especially designed to present the greatest possible discharging or screening surface. In this, it represents what the name indicates "tonnage-capacity" in handling all screenable material. Like other Tyler products Ton-Cap is the result of building a screen by skilled labor and special treatment especially suited for the service required. Ton-Cap Screen is now used throughout the various countries of the world and every feature of it has been invented and intro- duced by The W. S. Tyler Company. Naturally there are some very important reasons for the extensive use of Ton-Cap Screen. These reasons are found in the results produced, some of which are shown in the following: In the first place, a greater tonnage will pass through the screen each day. In the second place, when applied to crushing machines the sizing will show less coarse and less fine particles than is secured through other types of screen. In other words, a greater volume of the sizing is found in the middles instead of the extremely coarse or extremely fine particles. In the third place, the quality or texture of the screen is such that it will produce very good service in wear. In the fourth place, Ton-Cap Screen is quite free from blind- ing or clogging, as there is practically no tendency of the particles to cling in the openings. The most important result produced by Ton-Cap Screen, however, is the increased tonnage and this is primarily due to the greater air space or discharge area. Where screens of less discharge area than Ton-Cap are used on crushing machines, many, of the particles small enough to pass the opening are thrown against the blank portion of the screen and bound back to be recrushed, while with Ton-Cap Screen, the discharge area is so great that the particles pass the opening as soon as reduced to sufficient size. The Ton-Cap idea is fast being established in the minds of screen users everywhere, as there are large profits to be had from the additional tonnage produced by Ton-Cap Screen. A Ton-Cap catalogue listing the various numbers will be mailed upon request. 96 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. miiiitinitiMUMtitiiiiiiiiiKi lilllllllllltllllllllllllllllllllllMIIIII illlllllllllHllllNHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIl mm 'iiiiiMiuuiiumiiiii ; iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiMiiiniMui|ijii)mi[H Mill III III III llllillilllllUllUlIU illllllllilllllUllllllllillllllilllliN iiiiiiimiiiiwuiii'iiiim^^^ nfliiiiiiiiiiiiifliiiiiiifiifiiiiifiiHifii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii liiiniiii 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 li 1 iiiriiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiii II 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II II 1 1 1 II III iimiii 1 III nil III IIINIMU llllllllllllinilMIIIIIMrlllllll iiiiiiiiiiiriiitiiiririiiMiiiiiii llllllllll iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiii iiiniiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiriiiiiii 1111111111 iriiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiriiiiiiiiiiii iiiiriitn iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiM iiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiriiiririiiiii llllllllll liinniiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiirimuiiniii umiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiliiiii llllBlllll iHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiniinni liiiiiini iiiriMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiriiiiiiiiiiii nil 11 nil iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiriniirniiMiiiii iiiniinii iiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiii'iiiiiiiiii] llllllllllllillllllllilllllllll iiiiiiriiiriiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiii H F II 1 1 III Ul III U H III ill III 11 1'l III III III III III I I III HI 11 III I! IIIMjljlljlJiljiUllll'lllllllill IIMIilMI'lltlH.llllllH 1 hi III I I ill 11 111 III I'l ill It lllliiiiriiiiiiiiiniiii rn'iiiiiiiim'iiiiniiii 1 1 11 1 1 III III III III III 111 III IIIIIIIIIUI llllllllll' II llllllllll 1 1 III t till l< llllllllllll II III llllllllll III ill Mill III III tun III III niijijiijijiijijijiiiib III ill ui hi liiLiiii iiiiiiiti IIIIIIUKIIIIilllilllil lHIIMIilMlliiMMI lllllliilinilllllMlll llllllllllilMl.llillill iiiiiiiiiir niiiiiiiii llllillill: llllllillll 111 III niDI III III ill III IJI 111 ii Mill III ill II III III bi ill ii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiliiiii liiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiriiiiiiiiiii llllllillillllillllll'l iii!ijiiiiii|ikii'iiii:ii liiiii.i^ii|ipi:i|i|i^i tniihiiiikiiihiiiiiii lll'IIIIHIl llllllllll lllllllllli mill mill' III III HI III III III III III III 11 iihriiriiriti II III lllllllllli llll|i||IIIMIilllll[ll|l llllllllllllllll'llliiltl iiNiiiiiiiiriii'iiiiiiiiiH iliiiHiiiiiitiiiiiiiii lUiiii'li'ii'M'trbiiiiH tiMliiiriiiM.'M.iiijij I'Mi I'iii'iii iii'bi iiii 1 1 II III III mil HiniiiM iiiiiiiiiTi IIHilillil 11 II 1 iiiit liiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiri'irM il 111 III III HI II till M ill II iniiiiiiriiiiiiiiiiiriirii liiriiiiiiiiiiiMiiMiriiiii llillt{lllltlllll[lll.lil iiiiiiTiMiitiiitiitii iiiiititrniiiiiiiiiiii miiiiiiiifititiiiiiiii u'l'iiiiiiiriiriiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiii'ii^ tiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiikiiiiiiiuiHiiimitiMtii lUllllllllUllllllllll No. 14 Ton-(,ap oil-Cap 97 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Discharg-e Area The illustrations on the opposite page indicate the greater discharge area of Tyler Ton-Cap Screen over punched sheet metal screens of either the round or slotted type. The No. 93 Ton-Cap Screen in the upper illustration has .367 square inches of discharging area per square inch of screen. In one square foot of the screen, there would be 53 square inches of dis- charging area. The No. 6 diagonal slot screen to produce the same sized product has only .160 square inches of discharge area per square inch, or 23 square inches of discharge area per square foot of screen. In other words, the No. 93 Ton-Cap Screen has 129 per cent more air space or discharging area than the No. 6 diagonal slot screen. The small squares on the opposite page showing the .367 square inches and .160 square inches are drawn to scale and indicate the relative amount of discharging area per square inch in each of these types of screen. In the lower illustration, the No. 38 Ton-Cap Screen has a discharge area of .420 square inches per square inch of screen, or 6ofiT square inches discharge area per square foot as against the 3 mm. round perforated plate with .219 square inches discharge area per square inch of screen or 3ifV square inches discharge area per square foot. This is a difference in favor of No. 38 Ton-Cap Screen of 92 per cent in air space or discharging surface. The small squares drawn to scale representing the .420 square inches and .219 square inches of discharge area will picture to the eye the advantage of using Ton-Cap Screen where capacity is required. From these figures and illustrations, it will easily be seen why Ton-Cap has replaced perforated metal wherever tonnage-capacity is an important feature in handling products to be screened. The efficiency of Ton-Cap Screen depends primarily on its immense discharging area — the blank surface being reduced to a minimum. In Ton-Cap Screen, this capacity is obtained without sacrificing the life of the screen. . Every hole punched in a sheet of metal weakens it just that much — ^the closer the openings, the weaker the screen. In woven wire the strength of the wire is not impaired in weaving but in a given size of wire, the closer the open- ings the stronger the screen becomes. 98 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Comparison of Discharge Area Width of Slot .027-Inch Width of Slot .027-Inch .367 Dischar 1 S No. 93 Ton-Cap has 129 per cent more air space or discharging area than No. 6 Diagonal Slot to produce the same sized product. In one square foot of screen No. 93 Ton-Cap has 30 square inches more of air space than the Diagonal Slot Screen. .420 Sq. In. Discharge Area in 1 Sq. In. Illllll mill mill liilii iiiiii No. 38 TON-CAP .420 Sq. In. of Discharge Area per Sq. In. 60.5 Sq. In. of Discharge Area per Sq. Ft. .219 Sq. In. Discharge Area in 1 Sq. In. 3 MM. ROUND HOLE .219 Sq. In. of Discharge Area per Sq. In. 31.5 Sq. In. of Discharge Area per Sq. Ft. No. 38 Ton-Cap Screen has 92 per cent more air space or discharging surface than 3 mm. Round Hole to produce the same sized product. In one square foot of screen No. 38 Ton-Cap has 29 square inches of air space more than the punched metal. 99 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Effect of Screen Wear on Sizing The effect of wear on Ton-Cap Screen as compared with perforated sheets is illustrated on the opposite page. These illus- trations show reproductions of actual specimens as they were found before and after using. The illustration at the top of the page is especially interesting, as it shows that the round hole opening before the screen was discarded wore to more than twice the size of the original opening. Then, too, in the second illustration from the top of the page, the effect of wear is shown on oblong opening perforated screens. The openings in the perforated metal present a raw cut surface which is easily worn away by the material being screened. This wear produces large poUiwog-shaped openings which allow coarse par- ticles to pass the screen. Each day these openings increase and the sizing becomes steadily larger and more irregular. The lower illustration on the opposite page will show the advantage of Ton- Cap Screen in this connection because the openings remain practi- cally the same throughout the screen life. The drawing process of the wire produces a smooth, hard surface which resists abrasion, thus the material passing the screen does not wear away the wire to any considerable extent, therefore, the spaces between the wires of Ton-Cap do not enlarge perceptibly while in service. From the foregoing, the effect of screen wear on sizing is very apparent, as the first consideration in securing uniform sizing is to be certain that the size of opening does not vary greatly during the life of the screen. If there is a tendency for the openings to wear larger than the original, the screened product becomes too coarse for its intended use. For instance, in the milling of ore, when the point of best extraction is reached, the sizing cannot be varied without losing some of the mineral value. 100 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Ton-Cap for Trommel or Revolving Screens In times past it has been a very difficult matter to secure a satisfactory screen for trommel work. Often a thick, heavy perforated plate was used with a view of withstanding the severe wear, but the tonnage-capacity of the trommel is seriously reduced by the use of such a screen. The importance, therefore, of developing a Ton-Cap Screen for this service was apparent and the problem has been solved so satisfactorily that many patrons are reaping the benefits from the use of Ton-Cap for this work. Not only can Ton-Cap be supplied to show satisfactory wear but the important feature of greatly increased tonnage-capacity is found in the result of using Ton-Cap for trommel work. Orders for heavy Ton-Cap Screens should show diameter of trommel or revolving reel so that they may be formed to circle. In size of sections specified, make the length sufficient for satisfactory lap or if the diameter of the reel is stated, the amount for lap can be estimated. Where Ton-Cap Screen is to replace another type, describe explicitly the screen in use, including thickness, also shape and size of opening. Ton- Cap for Cement Screens Ton-Cap Screen is now being used quite extensively on the various machines for manufacturing cement. Some years ago Ball Mills were equipped generally with wire screen made from light wire because otherwise the openings would clog. The light wire naturally resulted in short life of screen, but since the introduction of Ton-Cap for Ball Mill work, it has been found possible to use a heavier wire and get a very satisfactory life of screen with equal or greater tonnage. Mills that grind cement clinker into the finished product can be advan- tageously equipped' with Ton-Cap Screen, resulting in a very satisfactory life of screen and tonnage-capacity. Then, too, excellent returns have been reported where Ton-Cap Screen is used on mills for grinding coal. The Company invites an experiment with Ton-Cap Screen for various cement mill uses and will gladly co-operate in selecting a screen that will produce the results desired. In making the first experiment, it is a good plan to order only a few pieces and thus avoid having larger amounts on hand that may not meet all the existing conditions. Where Ton-Cap is to replace another type of screen, it is well to accom- pany the order with a sample of the screen in use. Each Ton-Cap Screen is designated by a number to avoid complicated specifications and this number should be shown on repeat orders. It is also well to remember that Ton-Cap Screen cannot be supplied in rolls, therefore, it is necessary to state the length and width of sections in which the screen is to be used. 102 A. THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. liLLLilMlMlIlMllLtiaillllil iimiiiiiti»iiiiiiiiiiii(iiiiMiiiiiiiiiii liwiiiiuiiiiiiiitiiiiiiitiiniiiii lltllilliUllillillilllltlillitlillU^ iimiiiwiimiiiiiiiimiiimii iiiiiiiuiim iiiiiluiiiMiikiu^^^^^ lilliUllliltllillllillillilliltllllil llillllllillllllltlllHIillillll. lllilllliLlillllllilliltdlllllilMlillil DIalDIUIOIDIQI DliJloiniDlDllITnilll No. Toil-Cap lllllll No. Toll-Cap No. IS-l Ton-C lllllll I III II III III III II I I II 11 11 I n ■ n ■ li I n No. ■><) I on-Cap No. :'.!)() T..n-( aj) No. 4.51 ToM-C„p 103 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. The Tyler Riddles are much stronger than the ordinary riddles used in foundries. The rims are selected rock elm or oak and the bottoms are so securely fastened that the wire cloth does not sag. They can be supplied in steel, galvanized or brass and with or without cross-bars as desired. The Tyler Extra Heavy A/[iner's Riddles are used for screening coal, small castings, etc. They are made 20 or 22 inches in diameter, to i^-inch mesh, and extra heavy material is used throughout their construction. The Tyler Riddles Steel Galvanized Brass i6-inch, per dozen 18-inch, per dozen 20-inch, per dozen $ 18-inch Farmers', per dozen 15-inch oat sieves, per dozen 4 cross wires 3 cross wires 2 cross wires $ No charge extra, per dozen extra, per dozen 104 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. The Tyler Coal Screen The Tyler Sand Screen Oak Frame White Pine Frame No. 1 No. 1 2' 4" wide x 6' 0" high, screening surface, 2' 0" x 4' 0" 2' 4" wide x 6' 0" high, screening surface, 2' 0" x 4' 6" No. 2 No. 2 2' 10" wide x 6' 0" high, screening surface, 2' 6" x 4' 0" 2' 0" wide x 6' 0" high, screening surface, 1' 8" x 4' 6" Meshes Carried in Stock Meshes Carried in Stock y^" opening .135" wire Yi," opening .192" wire 3 Mesh .120" wire, space between wires .213" yi" opening .148" wire yi" opening, .207" wire 4 Mesh .105" wire, space between wires .145" >2" opening .162" wire 1 " opening .225" wire 5 Mesh .092" wire, space between wires .108" yi" opening .177" wire l>i" opening .244" wire Any Special Size or Mesh to Order 105 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Tyler Revolving Screens The Tyler Heavy Screen Cloth is used in covering revolv- ing screens, which guarantees durability. The company has built many of these special screens which are now being oper- ated successfully in coal mining as well as for grading gravel and crushed stone. They are especially adapted for separating coal from dust, and work much faster than a steel screen with perforated holes. The W. S. Tyler Company is prepared to furnish any size to order and quote prices agreeable to specifications. Journal boxes, sprockets or gears will be furnished to suit given dimen- sions, and each detail should be carefully stated to avoid any misunderstanding that is liable to occur in construction. 106 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. THIS trade-mark is on the tags attached to all rolls and separate pieces of Tyler Double Crimped Wire Cloth. It means that the meshes count the same both ways; if it is 30 mesh one way, it is 30 mesh the other, and not off in the count from two to four meshes. It means that if .016 wire is specified, it will be .016 in both warp and shoot. It means that the wires of both warp and shoot are thoroughly crimped over and under each other to prevent their shifting from position, as long as the screen is in use. It means that the wire employed in the screen is especially prepared with a view of producing "long life." It means that this mark on a screen is a guarantee that it is backed by the Tyler organization. Like all products of quality, the Tyler Double Crimped Wire Cloth is being imitated. Just as good as "the Tyler" is a favorite argument made to screen users, but like all other substitutes the "just as good" screen has never shown equal service to "the Tyler." The above trade-mark on a roll of cloth or piece of screen is a guarantee against imitations. 107 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. No. 1^21 Wire Guards 108 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Ornamental Iron and Bronze Bronze Doors Entrances Corridors Porte-cocheres Store Fronts Marquise Elevator Cars Elevator Enclosures Bank Railings Office Railings Vault Railings Stair Railings Balcony Railings Stairs Grilles Lamps Tablets Gates Fences Wickets Veranda Railings Altar Railings Counter Railings Floor Railings Window Guards Window Signs The W. S. Tyler Company conducts a separate department for the manufacture of ornamental iron and bronze. A high excellency of workmanship is shown in all products of this department, and any specifications can be carried out in the minutest detail to please the most exacting taste or requirement. Correspondence is invited with a view of supplying catalogues illustrating ornamental iron and bronze work, or any information that may be desired. 109 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Telegraph and Cable Code There is a code word shown for each mesh and size of wire Hsted in the tables in this catalogue. The code word in the steel and iron tables indicates the mesh and size of wire, also that steel wire is desired. If iron or galvanized cloth is required, use the code word and follow it with the code word for Iron or Galvanized, as the case may be; for instance, "Fayuk Lulur" would mean 3 mesh .080, galvanized. The code word in the brass, copper and bronze tables indicates the mesh and size of wire, also that brass cloth is desired. If copper, bronze or phosphor bronze is required, use the code word and follow it with the code word for Copper, Bronze or Phosphor Bronze, as the case may be. "Guxif Lukim" would mean 10 mesh .041, copper wire cloth. Each code word contains five letters. In sending cable messages two words can be run together and sent as one word. Specimens of Code Messages Labil Ladur Lemel Loluw Fesup Ship us by freight 8 rolls, 150 feet long, 48 inches wide, 6 mesh .072 steel. Labaj Lenop Lofup Ludef Hohut Lulem Ship us by express 600 feet, 23^inches wide, 30mesh.oi6phosphor bronze. The W. S. Tyler Company, Cable Address— "Tyler Cleveland" Code Words for Ordering Wire Cloth Code Word Labaj Labeb Labil Labom Labun Ship us by express Ship by express to Ship us by freight Ship by freight to Ship us by boat Code Word Labyr Lacak Lacel Lacim Ship by boat to Ship us by express, C. 0. D. Ship us by freight, S. D. vs. B. L. DupHcate our order of Table Indicating Number of Rolls or Pieces Code Word Lacon . Lacup - Ladal -- Ladem. Ladin Ladop-- Ladur - Lafam No. of Rolls or Pieces . 2 - 3 _ 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 9 Lafen lO No. of Code Word Rolls or Pieces Lafip 11 Lafor 12 Lafus 13 Lagan 14 Lag:ep 15 Lagir 16 Lagos 17 Lagut 18 Lahap 19 No. of Code Word Rolls or Pieces Laher 20 Lahis 21 Lahot 22 Lahuv 23 Lahyw 24 Lajar 25 Lajes 30 Lajit 35 Lajov 40 No. of Code Word Rolls or Pieces Lajuw 50 Lajyx ICQ Lajza - 200 Lakab 300 Lakaf 500 Lakag 8QO Lakah lOOO 110 THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Table of Feet Indicating Length of Roll or Piece Code Word No. of Ft. Lakas 2 Laket 3 Lakiv 4 Lakow 5 Lakux 6 Lalat 7 Lalev 8 Lalox 9 Laluy lO Lamav 11 Lamew 12 Lamix 13 Lamoy 14 Lamuz 15 Lanaw 16 Lanex 17 Lanoz 18 Lanub 19 Lapax 20 Lapey 21 Lapiz 22 Lapob 23 Lapuc 24 Laray 25 Larez 26 Larib 27 Laroc 28 Larud 29 Code Word No. of Ft. Lasaz 30 Laseb 31 Lasic 32 Lasod 33 Lasuf 34 Latab 35 Latec 36 Latid 37 Latof 38 Latug 39 Lavac 40 Laved 41 Lavif 42 Lavog 43 Lavuh 44 Lawad 45 Lawef 46 Lawig 47 Lawoh 48 Lawuj 49 Laxaf 50 Laxeg 51 Laxih 52 Laxuk 53 Lazah 54 Lazik 55 Lazol 56 Lazum 57 Code Word No. of Ft. Lebay 58 Lebez 59 Lebib 60 Leboc 61 Lebud 62 Lecaz 63 Leceb 64 Lecic 65 Lecod-- 66 Lecuf 67 Ledab 68 Ledec 69 Ledid 70 Ledof 71 Ledug 72 Lefac 73 Lefed 74 Lefif 75 Lefog 76 Lefuh 77 Legad 78 Legef 79 Legig 80 Legoh 81 Leguj 82 Lehaf-j 83 Leheg 84 Lehih 85 Code Word No. of Ft. Lehoj 86 Lehuk 87 Lejeh 88 Lejij 89 Lejok 90 Lejul 91 Lekah 92 Lekik 93 Lekol 94 Lekum 95 Lelaj 96 Lelek 97 Lelil 98 Lelom 99 Lelun lOO Lemak 125 Lemel 150 Lemim 175 Lemon 200 Lemup 250 Lenal 300 Lenem-- -- 400 Lenin 500 Lenop 600 Lenur 700 Lepam 800 Lepen---- - 900 Lepip lOOO Table of Inches Indicating Width of Roll or Piece in Inches Code Word Inches 5 6 7 8 9 Lobag Lobeh Lobij Lobok Lobul Locah lO Locik 11 Locol 12 Locum 13 Lodak 14 Lodej 15 Lodil 16 Lodom 17 Lodun 18 Lofak 19 Lofel 20 Lofim 21 Lofon 22 Lofup 23 Logal 24 Code Word Inchei Logem 25 Login 26 Logop 27 Logur 28 Loham 29 Lohen 30 Lohip 31 Lohor 32 Lohus 33 Lojan 34 Lojep 35 Lojir 36 Lojos 37 Lojut 38 Lokap 39 Loker 40 Lokis 41 Lokot 42 Lokuv 43 Lolar 44 Code Word Inches Loles 45 Lolit 46 Lolov 47 Loluw 48 Lomas 49 Lomet 50 Lomiv 51 Lomow 52 Lomux 53 Lonat 54 Lonev 55 Lonox 56 Lonuy 57 Lopav 58 Lopew 59 Lopix 60 Lopoy 61 Lopuz 62 Loraw 63 Lorex--. 64 Code Word Inches Loroz -- --- 65 Lorub 66 Losax 67 Losey 68 Losig 69 Losob 70 Lotay 71 Lotez 72 Lotib 73 Lotoc- 74 Lotud 75 Lovaz 76 Loveb 77 Lovic 78 Lovod-- ---- 79 Lovuf 80 Lowab 81 Loweo 82 Lowid 83 Lowof 84 Table of Fractions Either of Inches or Feet Code Word Fraction Lubab I's Lubec i'2 Lubid yi Lubof >6 Lubug IB Lucac K Code Word Fraction Luced IB Lucif >3 Lucog H Lucuh i°2 Ludad IS Ludef y2 Code Word Fraction Ludig IS Ludoh h Luduj H Lufaf Vi Lufih }i Lugag H Table Indicating Materials Code Word Material Lujom Steel Lukak Iron Lukel Brass Lukim Copper Code Word Material Lukon Tinned Brass Lukup Tinned Copper Lulal Bronze Lulem Phosphor Bronze Code Word Fraction Lugeh Lugij Lugok Lugul Luhah \i Code Word Material Lulin Tinried Lulop Light Tinned Lulur Galvanized 111 ALL prices made by The W. S. Tyler /~\ Company are subject to change with- out notice. Terms of payment are explicitly stated on invoices, and when over- due are subject to sight draft. The right is reserved in all cases to add interest from date, or average date, of invoices when past due. Orders for wire cloth executed in com- pliance with specifications as to length, width, mesh and size of wire, and shipped according to instructions, cannot be exchanged or re- turned to us for credit. 112 THE immense capacity of The W. S. Tyler Works makes possible the quick handling of large or small orders. Furthermore, The W. S. Tyler Company's plant is most conveniently located for the handling of shipments promptly. The works are situated in the very heart of the raw material district, which is important, notwithstanding that much of the raw product is prepared in the company's plant. The company has at its disposal the following railroad facilities, as well as the lake steamers to all lake ports: Baltimore & Ohio Railway. Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railway. Cleveland, Lorain & Wheeling Railroad. Cleveland & Pittsburgh Railroad. Cleveland Terminal & Valley Railroad. Erie Railroad. Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway. New York, Chicago & St. Louis Railway. Pennsylvania Lines. Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad. By means of a switch which connects these roads directly with the works, car load shipments can be handled with remarkable promptness. 113 Page Actual Size of Wire 11 • Backing Wires l _ i _ i i_ j l _ j l _ j 90- Battery Screens 36 Bentro Metal Screens 64 Bran Duster Cloth 86, 87 Brass Cloth, Rolled 48, 49 Brass, Copper and Bronze 52-68 Brass Riddles 104 Brass Wire Cloth 52-68 Brass Wire Cloth, Extra Fine 68 Brass Wire Cloth, Market Grade 68 Bronze Wire Cloth 52-68 Brush Cloth 46, 47 Bureau of Standards Testing Sieves 82 Cable Code 110, 111 Car Ventilator Cloth 94 Cement Cloth 38, 102 Centrifugal Cloth 84, 85 Coal, Sand and Gravel Screens 44, 45 Coal Screens 105 Coal Screen Cloth 42-50 Coal Screens, Revolving 106 Code, Cable and Telegraph 110, 111 Copper Wire Cloth 52-68 Cumulative Direct Plot 78, 79 Cumulative Logarithmic Plot 80, 81 Cuts Showing Actual Size of Wire 11 Cylinder Faces 90 Decimal Sizes of Wire 8, 9 Delivery from Stock 62, 63 Double Crimp, Meaning of 20, 21 Double Crimp Wire Screen 20, 21 Draftac Spark Arrester 92 Farmers' Riddles 104 Filter Cloth 84, 85 Fine Bronze and Phosphor Bronze 68 Foundry Riddles 104 Fourdrinier Wires 90, 91 Fractions, Common and Decimal 12 Full Rolls 24, 58 Galvanized Refrigerator Car Netting 94, 95 Galvanized Riddles 104 Page Galvanized Wire Cloth 40, 41, 94, 95 Gauges of Wire, Standard^^^^_,_^__^_^_,_^._ . 9 Gauging Wire 10 Grain Screens 46, 47 Graphic Illustration of Screen Analysis 77 Guards, Wire 108 Heavy Wire Screens 42-50 How to Count the Mesh 12, 13 How to Gauge Wire Cloth 10 How to Order Wire Cloth 24, 58 Iron Wire Cloth 22-40 Jig Screens 56, 57 Laboratory, Testing 18, 19 Light Tinned Wire Cloth 88, 89 Locomotive Stack Netting 92, 93 Long Life Screens 26 Malt Kiln Rolled Cloth 50, 51 Market Grade Brass Cloth 68 Mesh, Definition of 12 Metric Units and English Equivalents 12, 13, 14 Micrometer, Use of 10 Milk Strainer Brass Cloth 68 Millimetres, Fractions and Decimals 12, 13 Mill Screen Cloth 86, 87 Miners' Riddles 104 Mining Screens 30, 56 Nickel Wire Cloth 46, 64 Oat Sieves 104 Odd Specifications 64, 65 Opening, Size of 14, 15, 28 Orders for Wire Cloth 24, 58 Ornamental Iron and Bronze 109 Phosphor Bronze Wire Cloth 56, 68 Plotted Curves Showing Screen Analysis 77-81 Quality Screens 32 Refrigerator Car Netting 94, 95 Revolving Screens 106 Rice Mill Clotl;i 46, 47 Riddles, All Kinds 104 114 Page Rolled Brass Cloth 48, 49 Rolled Steel Cloth 48-53 Rolled Cloth vs. Perforated MetaL__48, 49, 98-101 Samples of Wire Cloth 60, 61 Sand Screens 105 Screen Cloth, Heavy 42-50 Screens, Coal 105 Screens for Special Requirements 34 Screens, Mining 30, 56 Screens, Selection of 16 Selection of Screens 16 Shipping Facilities 113 Sieves, Testing 70-83 Size of Opening 14, 15, 28 Sizes of Wire 8-11 Special Requirements, Screens for 34 Special Weaves 84, 85 Stack Netting ■ 92, 93 Steel Cloth, Rolled 48-53 Steel Mining Screens 22-50 Steel Riddles 104 Steel Wire Cloth 22-40 Stock Room 63 Stock Widths 24, 58 Strainer Cloth 68 Sugar Mill Cloth 48, 49, 84, 85 Suggestions for Testing 75, 76 Table of Decimals and Common Fractions 12 Table of Millimetres, Fractions and Decimals. 12, 13 Table Showing Difference Between Wire Gauges 9 Telegraph Code 110, 111 Terms 112 Testing Laboratory 18, 19 Testing Sieves 70-83 Tinned Copper and Brass Wire Cloth 84, 85 Tinned Mill Screen Cloth 86, 87 Tinned Wire Cloth 84-89 Page Ton-Cap Screen 96-103 Ton-Cap for Cement Screens 102, 103 Ton-Cap for Trommels 102, 103 Ton-Cap Screen vs. Perforated Metal 98-101 Trade-Mark 107 Trommel Screens 66, 106 Twilled Wire Cloth 68, 84, 85 Tyler Double Crimp 20, 21 Tyler Quality 32 Tyler Standard Screen Scale 72-75 Tyler Standard Testing Sieves 70-83 Ventilator Cloth 94 Washer Wires 90 Weight of Steel Wire 11 Window Guards 108 Wire Cloth, Brass, Copper or Bronze 52-68 Wire Cloth, Bronze and Phosphor Bronze, Extra Fine 68 Wire Cloth Filters 84, 85 Wire Cloth, Galvanized 40, 41, 94, 95 Wire Cloth, Grain Machinery 46, 47 Wire Cloth, Iron or Steel 22-40 Wire Cloth, Mining 30, 56 Wire Cloth vs. Perforated Metal 48, 49, 98-101 Wire Cloth, Phosphor Bronze 56, 68 Wire Cloth, Rolled 48-53 Wire Cloth, Samples 60, 61 Wire Cloth, Sugar Industry 48, 49, 84, 85 Wire Cloth, Tinned 84-89 Wire Cloth, Twilled 68, 84, 85 Wire Cloth, Ventilator I 94 Wires, Backing 90 Wires, Cylinder 90 Wires, Fourdrinier 90 Wire Gauges 9 Wire Guards 108 115