f'7 * A “2 4 I ! t 1 ' THE COMPLEAT HE BAL: OR, THE j&otamcal 3nftttuttons O F M R TOURNEFORT, Chief Botanift To the late French King. Carefully tranflated from the Original Latin. With large Additions from Ray , Gerarde, Parkinfon, and others., the moft celebrated Moderns. To which are Added, Two Alphabetical INDEXES; One., containing the Names; the Other, the Phyfical Vertues and Ufes of the feveral Plants. Illuftrated with about Five Hundred Copper Plates, containing above Four Thoufand different Figures, all curioufly Engraven. A Work highly Inftru&ive, and of general Ufe. V O L. I. With a, fbort Account of the Life and Writings of the Author* LONDON: Printed lor-S. Bomich , 'Tim. Goodwin , John Walthoe , S. Wotton , Sam, Manfhip, Rich. Wilfon, Benj. r Tooke i Ralph Smith and Tho. Ward ; and are to be Sold by Morph cw near Stationers-Hall. 1719. 'T— T V I The Author’s PREFACE; Shewing the Ufe of his Botanical Inftitutions. T HOSE who are true Lovers of Botany , by Genius and Inclination led to the ufeful Knowledge of Plants , may, without the Affiftance of any Mafler , in a very little Time accomplifh themfelves therein , by fixing in their Me¬ mory the different Forms of fourteen Flowers only, which one Hour, or two at moft , xoill fuffice to rivet there \ for every Flower is either compofed of Leaves , or, having none, confifis only of fome fmall Threads or Capi/laments : The firfi, by the Botanifts, is called , Flos Petalodes ; the other, an apetalous or ftamineous Flower , which either adheres to the Embryo , or infant Bud of the Plant, or remains feparated from it: The petalous or leafy Flower is divided into fimple and compound the Simple con¬ fifis either of one jingle Leaf, or of feveral diftinli Leases „• The Species of the Monopetalous or jingle-leaf d Flower, are, the Bell-fhapedy the Funnel-jhaped y the Wheel-Jh ape dy the Labiate Flower, and the Flos Perfonatus, fo called, becaufe its Leaf imitates the Beaks or gaping Mouths of certain Animals. The Species of the poly pet alous Flower , are, the Crofs-Jhaped Flower, the Rofaceous, the Gillyflower-like Flower, the Liliaceous, and Papilionaceous , whofe little Petala or Leaves are fo difpofedy as to reprefent the Form of a Butterfly . The compound Flower is divided into the Flofcular, Semiflofculary and Radiated. When any Plant therefore offers it felf to the incfuijitive Botanifty he is firfl to examine the Flowery if it is leafy or jtamineousy fimple or compofite y let us fuppofe ity for ex ample y of the Bell-fljape : In this cafey the firfi Clafs of our Inftitutions , which treats of the monopet alous Bell-jhaped Flowers, is to be confulted, and all the different Kinds diligently furveyedy till he meets With a Flower likf to that which remains unknown } for if in Form it imitates a Bindweed Flowery there he mu ft fixy and continue his Search till he finds if its Pointal changes into a Fruit like to that of the Bindweed : If it is Jo, the unknown Plant is to be ranked, beyond alldoubt , under the Genus of the Bindweed : Nor is it enough to know the Genus ; all the Spe¬ cies there enumerated are to be feparately examined, that it may appear whether this particular one be defcribed or not y for if m its whole Form y that is 7 in Roots ^ Leavesy Stalksy Flowers, and Fruity it agrees with that Species which Cafpar Bauhiil calls the great white Bindweed, it is without Controverfy the great white Bindweed of C. B. Thereupon he mayy if he pleafes, have recourfe to the botanical Writers mentioned by C. Bauhin, for more full Information . In enumerating the different ■SpecicSy I firfi of all adduce the Appellation given by Calp, Bauhin, then the Name A which 1 The Author’s Preface. which John Bauhin has impofed upon the fame Species, becaufe of his Defcriptiont and itfeful Obfervations \ and laftly, the Title ufed by Dodoneus, Clufius, Lobel or any other approved Author who has given an ex abb Figure of the fame Species• When the Knowledge of Plants is attained by this Method, it is rarely loft, or if it fo happens, it is eafily, by the fame Means, recalled : The ftudious Botahift, how¬ ever, is to be advifed of this, that befides the generical Ch ar all eriflick, which for the mofi part is founded upon the particular Form of the Flower and Fruit, all the other Parts of the Plant are to be accurately examined with a nice and curious Eye, that the Images may remain more deeply traced for having once difcovered the Genus of each Species by the foie Infpeclion of the Flower, in any Seafon of the Year the fame Species is eafdy diftingutfhed, it immediately occuring even to thofe who are but juft initiated into this Art, that Leaves of this or the other Form belong only to a Plant that bears a Flower and Fruit of a peculiar determined Structure : So that the generical Marks of Plants depend only upon two or three Parts, whereas the fpecifick Characters are derived not only from all the individual Parts, but alfo from their feveral Qualities, by which it appears that nothing certain can be determined, even of the fmalleft Herb, but after the moft exalt Examination of all its Parts in their different Seafons . Long Experience has ever confirmed this to be the fureft arid (horteft Way to obtain the true Knowledge of Plants, efpecially of fuch as annually flower and fru¬ ctify • for as to tall and lofty Trees, which but rarely bear either Flower or Fruit, their Names ought rather to be learned from Books, or from a Teacher , tho' their Genus's are to be determined by the Form of their Flower or Fruit \ jor thofe that are efteemed Species of the Poplar, Afh, or Oak, are only ranked under thofe Ge¬ nus's, from the particular Structure of their Flowers and Fruit • and albeit they dif¬ fered in their Leaves from every other Species, would ft ill appropriate to themfelves the fame Name, from their Agreement in the generical Chara&eriflick* 1 mu ft not omit to inform my Readers, that I not only enumerate the fever al Species of Plants, but often mention what the Botanifts call Varieties ; not at all folicitous whether they be really the- fame Species only varied and fomewhat diverfi- fled } for as they differ in fome fenfible Qualities, they ought' to be diftinguijhed by peculiar Titles . / The The Publilher’s PREFACE. O UR Author having fufficiently accounted for the Ufefulnefs of his Inflitu - tions, I Jhall forbear all further Enlargement. This Study , which before Uy, like ancient Chaos, involved in the deepeft Darknefs and Confufion, appears now , by his ingenious Induftry , firipped of all its ugly and forbidding Forms ? in beautiful Order and eafy Method . Tk general Approbation which the Work, has met with, the Author s Char after, too well known in the learned World to need any additional Luftre from our fcanty Panegyrick, abundantly recommend it to the Perufal of the Curious . Our Tranflation endeavours to render the Performance more univerfally ufeful, by fubjoining fpecifick. Deferiptions, where any remarkable Difference , not exprejfed in the Appellations of the Species, feems to demand them, and by adding the medicinal Vertices of the fever al Plants .* The Defer iptions are generally borrowed from Ray* whofe Accuracy and Diligence have procured him a merited Reputation \ and therein we ft ill aim to be concife, clear , and perfpicuous . Schroder, Frederic, and Caf- par Hoffman, Dale, and Tournefort himfelf, in other Works publifted by him, are the Authors we are principally indebted to for the phyftcal Vertues of the Plants : Thofe that are of chief Vfe in Medicine, we have given you chymically analysed by our Author, who was a curious Searcher into Nature, which Jhews them in their Principles and depending Powers nor have we omitted any Difcoveries of this Na¬ ture, made by the ufeful Labour of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Paris* And tho > we are in great Ignorance as to the Plants of the Ancients, yet where the Defcriptions given by Diofcorrdes, and the aferibed Powers, appear to agree with the Modern, we have all along inferted a faithful Abftraft of that laborious An- dent , and given an abridged View of his Materia Medica. Throughout the whole Work, we give an exaft Account of the moft ufeful Prepa¬ rations from the feveral Plants, and of the famed Compofitions into which they enter as chief Ingredients . In Jhort , the Reader frail find the Performance as compleat as pojfible in this ufeful Part, neither tedioufiy diffufe, nor too obfeurely contrafted, no imaginary Qualities nor univerfal Powers aferibed, but fuch as they are really poficJJ'ed of , v from long Experience and Observation , and upon the Authority of the beft Vouchers. Several Reafons have determined us to publijh it thus Monthly • the Expence of our "Undertakers, which otherwife would have amounted to too conftderable a Sum , if it does not anfwer the Expectations, nor. hit the Tafe of the Curious, it may be the more eafily dropped, and with lefs Lofs: Errors may creep in, both in the bo¬ tanical and phyftcal Parts, and the Generoftty of fame who wijh the Propagation of ufeful Knowledge , may incline them to communicate fome new Obfervations in both Kinds in this Manner of pub lifting,, all Miftakes may be with lefs Trouble reftifted, and new Difcoveries inferted, which ftall be faithfully done, and With Gratitude acknowledged, if tranfmitted either to the Printer or Pubtijber . A [hor T 4 A fort Account of Monfieiir Tournefort’x Life and Writings. J Ofeph Pit ton Tourneforty was born at Aix in Provence , the fifth of June^ in the Year 1656. his Father was named Peter Pitton , Seigneur de Tourneforty and his Mother Aimare de Fagotti, defcended of a noble Family in Paris . When of Years proper to commence his Latin Studies, he was fent to the Jefuits College at Aix, where his Genius foon difcovered it felf: Plants no fooner offered themfelves to his View, rban he felt a ftrong Inclination to Botany, diligently enquired their Names, and carefully obferved tjieir Differences, and would often employ the Hours of his Clafs to herbarize in the Fields, and preferred the Study of Nature to that of the Homan Language; nor, when advanced to Philofophy, could he relifh that which was then commonly taught ; he found nothing but abftra&ed and indetermined Ideas, which ftart wide of Things, and afford no folid Entertainment nor real Satisfaction to a Mind clofely bent upon the Purfuit of Nature : Chance at laft favoured his Inclinations; in his Father's Clofet he difcovered the Philofophy of Defcartcs y little known at that Time in Provence, and foon found it was what he fo long fearched for, and that it anfwered his Tafte ; he could not entertain himfelf with this Philofopher but at ftoln Hours ; this inflamed his Mind with ftronger Defires, and quickened bis Application; and the Father who oppofed his Purfuit of fo ufeful a Study* gave him an Opportunity of laying the Foundation of a moft excellent Education, without thinking that he in the leaft contributed thereto : As he defigned him for the Church, he iixed him in a Seminary to follow his Theological Studies ; but the Bent of Nature baffled the Parent’s Views; the Love of Botany fo filled his Mind that Divinity lay negleCted, and he purfued his favourite Study, either in a curious Garden belonging to an Apothecary at Aix , in the adjoining Fields, or upon the Tops of the neighbouring Mountains; and by Addrefs or Prelents, gained Accefs to fuch Places where he thought there were Plants not to be found elfewhere: If thefe Means failed, rather than fuffer a Difappointmenr, he re- folved to enter by Stealth and Secrecy, which often expofed him to Danger; and he once narrowly efcaped the Rage of the Peafants, who miffaking him for a Thief, hotly charged Tim with Volleys of Stones. Cbymiftry and Anatomy too had powerful and engaging Charms, and almoft equally fired his inquifive Mind : In Ihort, the Study of Nature and Medicine attracted him with fuch irrefiftible Force, that Theology was abandoned, and the Church obliged to yield her unjuft Acquifition ; he had before bis Eyes, the Example of a paternal Uncle, a Phyfician of great Merit and Reputation ; this encouraged him in his Choice, and the Death of his Father, which happened in the Year 1677, took off' all Re- ftraint, and left him at full Liberty to purlue his favourite Views. He improved the Opportunity, and in 1678, vifited the Mountains of Dauphine and Savojy from whence he brought a great Number of curious Plants, which laid the Foun¬ dation of his Herbal. Geometry and Hiftory may be learned in the lazy Solitude of the Clofet; Aftronomy,’ Chymie, and Anatomy, require but fmall ACtion, but Botany is not to be attained in learned Eafe and Inactivity ; the only Books which can inftruCt in this Science, lie difperfed over the whole Surface of the Earth : Botanifts muft traverfe the thickeft Woods and Forefts, climb the higheft Mountains, and ftand expofed upon the Brink of Pie- C T al{e the Remainder of this out of Number IV. J Monfieur Tournerorc s uje and wnttngl. J Precipices; Labour and Danger mu ft be refolved upon and encountered in the Search ; whence it is, that fo few are found to excel in this Science: A fuperior Degree of Pal- fion to what is requifite to make a learned Man in another Profeflion, mud infpire him who aims at perfedtion in this, and that Paffion mud be attended with full Health and Vigour of Body. Monfieur Tonrnefort was a Man a&ive and laborious, of a flrong and robuft Conftitution, and of a mod cheerful Temper, which fupported him under all his Toils and Fatigues : In fliort, Nature hadexa&ly moulded him, both in Body and Mind, for the end die defigned him. In the Year 1679, he went from Aix to Montpelier, where he made great Progrefs, and confiderably improved himfelf in Anatomy and Phyfick. The Garden of Plants efta- blifhed in this City by Henry the Fourth, however richly furnifhed, could not fatisfy his Curiofity; he travelled all the adjoining Parts for ten Leagues round, and difcovered Plants unknown, even to the Inhabitants; but thefe Courfes were dill too much con¬ fined and bounded: In the Year 1681, in the Month of April, he fet out for Barcelona , and daid till Mid-Summer in the Mountains of Catalonia , whither he was accompanied by the Phyflcians of the Country, and the young Students, to whom he read Le&ures of Botany ; one would have almod concluded, that herein he imitated the ancient Gym- nofophids, who kept their Schools in remote Delarts, and carried their Difciples there to inflruft them. The high Pyrenean Mountains dood too near in view not to afford a powerful Tempta¬ tion ; he well knew that in thofe vad Solitudes he mud lead the Life of the mod audere and rigid Anchoret, and that the miferable Inhabitants, who were to furnifh him with that poor flender Subfiflence, exceeded not in Number the Robbers whom he had to dread; and it fo happened that he was often dripp’d by the Spanijb Miquelets; but he at lad found, out a Stratagem how to fave a little Money upon fiich Occafions: In Loaves, which he carried about with him, he concealed fome Reals; tho’ they fearched him narrowly, and were not of a Chara&er to flight the fmalled Gain, yet the Bread was fo coarfe, black, and hard that they left it to him, contemning the mean Purchafe: The Strength and Paflion of his Inclination furmounted all Difficulties, and thofe hideous and almod in- acceffible Rocks dood transformed to his View into a mod magnificent Library, where every Thing courted his Fancy, where his Curiofity rioted and was mod luxurioufly feafled, and where his Hours glided fmoothly in infinite Pleafure and Satisfa&ion ; du¬ ring his day here one unhappy accident befel him, a wretched Hut, where he lay, fell upon him, he remain’d two Hours buried under the Ruins, and had any longer delay been interpofed, the World had been robb’d of this excellent Genius. About the end of the Year 1681, he returned to Montpelier , and from thence into his own Country to Aix , where he claffed in his Herbal all the Plants he had collected in Provence , Languedoc , Dauphtne, Catalonia , and upon the Alps and Pyrenees : There are but few that can comprehend, how the Pleafure of viewing thefe Plants entire, well pre- ferved, and regularly dilpofed in a beautiful Order, in large Volumes of white Paper, abundantly recompenced all his paft Toil and Fatigue. Happy it was for Botany, that Monfieur Fagon, then firft Phyfician to the late Queen of France , as he had been always paffionately addi&ed thereto, and look’d upon it, not only as a curious Study, but as an effential Branch of Phyfick, now declared himfelf its Patron and favoured its Advancement with all the Power which his high Poft and Merit gave him : The Report of Monfieur Tournefort’s Fame and Charadier reached him from fo many Parts, and Hill fo uniformly, that he refolved to draw him to Paris , the general Rendezvous of all the great Genius’s difperfed over the feveral Provinces of the Kingdom ; for that End he addrefled himfelf to Madairte de Venelle, Sub-Governante of the Children of France , who was well acquainted with all the Family of Mr. Toptrne- iort; at her Inftances and Perfwafions he came to Paris, and in 1683, was introduced by her to Mr. Fagon , who the fame Year procured for him the Poft of Profeffour in Bo- A 2 tany JU L . A jUOTl account 0] tany at the Royal Garden of Plants founded at Paris, by Lewis the Thirteenth, for the IjjftruAion of young Students in Phyfick. This Bufincis gave no Interruption to his Defign of Travelling; he returned into Spain, and vifited Portugal ; he acquainted himfelf with Plants, but for the raoft Part without the AfliRsmcc of any BotaniR. I u Andalujia, which is a Country fruitful in Palm-Trees, he was curious to verify the famous Stories of the Amours of the Male and Female of that Species, but his Search was vain, he could difcover nothing certain, and thefe Amours fo ancient and fo much celebrated, if real, remain Rill myRerious: He likewife vifited Holland and England, where he faw feveral new Plants and many fa¬ mous BotaniUs, whole friendlhip and eReem he eafily gained; a fufficient Proof where¬ of we find in Herman, the late famous ProfefTour of Botany at Leyden , who, as he was then very fir advanced in Years, was tnftant with him toacceptof the Refignation of his PoR; he wrote to him with great EarneRnefs, and the Zeal he was infpired with for the Advancement of the Science he profefi'cd, inclined him to a Succefior, who was not only a Foreigner, but the Subjedtof a hoRile Nation: He aflured Mr. Tourmfort of a Penfion of 4000 Livres from the States-General, and gave him Hopes of an Augmentation, when his Merit lhould be better known : Tho* the Revenue of his own Port, as Profel- lour ofBotany at the Royal Garden, was but final], yet the paflionate Love of his na¬ tive Country, where Arts and Sciences flourifhed in as great a Degree of Perfection at leaR as in any other Nation, made him rejedt fuch advantageous offers. His Country was not ungrateful: In the Year 1691, Mr. L’Abbd Bignon being con- Riiutcd Prefident of the Royal Academy of Sciences, the firR ufe he made of his inverted. Power, was to affociate into that learned Body Tournefort and Homberg, no other wife known to him than by the Fame and Renown of their Merit; and when upon his Tdhmony the King had approved of the Choice, he predated them both to the Aficmbly. In 1694, the firR Work of Mr. Tournefort $ appeared in the World, entitulcd, £/ ^r- -0** *nH *ir* *4i~ ^ ^ **/►* <4^ ^ ^ **** ^ 4^ ^ THE C0 MP LEAT The Fir ft CLASS » Of Herbs and c 0nder~Jhrubs< i with a Flower of me entire Leaf in the Shape of a ’Fell. Bell-fhaped Flower confifts but of one fingle Leaf, in its Form imitating the Shape of a Bell: Of this Flower there are four Species, all which we fhall mention under this Claf?. i. That which is properly fo called, the Figure of its Leaf molt nearly imitating the Shape of a Bell. 2, The cy¬ lindrical bell-fhaped Flower-* its Leaf is more contra&ed, and bears the Refem- blance of a narrow oblong .Tube. 3. The wide and expanded Bell-flower, which opens and fpreads its Leaf in jhe Form of a Bafon. 4. The globous bell-fhaped Flower, its Mouth is of a much narrower Circum¬ ference than its BeiJv. B. 2 % SEC T. 4 The Compleat Herbal. SECT. I. Of Herbs , with a Flower of one entire Leaf in the Shape of a Bell , and a Pointal changing into a Fruit, foft and fomewhat large. TABLE I. G E N U 5 I. Mandragora, Mandrake, a Plant, with a Flower A B of one entire Leaf, in the Shape of a Bell, and cut into feveral Segments; the Pointal D fhoots from the Flower-Cup C, pierceth the bottom Part of the Flower, and is af¬ terwards converted into a foft Fruit E, for the moft part round, encloftng many Seeds F, (haped like a Kidney G. Its Species are. Mandrake, bearing a round Fruit, of Cafpar Bauhinus, Pin. 169. This is the Male Mandrake of John Bauhin. 3. 6 17. and the Mandrake of Dodoneus , Pempt. 457. The Leaves rife immediately from the Root, above a Foot in length, narrow at both ends, but very broad in the Middle, of a dark green Colour, and a moll offenfive Smell; from among thefe, dire&ly too from the Root, fome ftiort Footftalks lhoot, each fuftaining a Flower of a white Co¬ lour, fomewhat inclining to purple, and hairy ; when the Flower drops, it is fuc- ceeded by a round Fruit about the Bignefs of a Medlar, of a greenifti Yellow, when fully ripe: Parkinfon fays, it is of a deep Yellow, the Root is fometimes Angle and undivided, fometimes found branched out into two, three, or more Divifions, long, thick, black without, and of a whitifh Colour within. In hot climates, as in Italy > Spain t Candy } &c. it grows wild in Woods and fhady Places, and near to Rivers; but in the cold and northern Climates it is only to be found in the Gardens of the Curious. It flowers in March , and the Fruit is ripe in July. Mandrake with a Flower of a bluifli Purple, of C. B. Pin. 169. this is the female Mandrake of J. B. 3. 618, Cluf. Hift. 87. The Leaves of the female Mandrake are fmaller, narrower, of a more blackilh Co¬ lour, more wrinkled and folded, and of a more ftinking Smell than thole of the male; the Colour too of the Flowers is dif¬ ferent ; the Fruit, which is not formed like a Pear, but round, is lefs, and fcented, full of Juice, and of a paler Yellow, the Seeds blacker; Qufius fays, he has oblerved it in fome Parts of Spain, flowering in February: This Species is more rare than the male: None of the Mandrakes emit flalks, which may be added to the Chara&erifticks of this Plant. The Species, of the Mandrake without Flower and Fruit are diftinguifhed by their Leaves, which are of a dark green Colour, roundifti, and of a ftinking Smell, and by their Roots, which are long and thick, called by fome Anthropomorphic, from their imagined Refemblance of a humane Shape. It bears its Name from the Greek word M Jvfect, which fignifies a Stall for Cattle, becaufe its firft Obfervers difcovered it growing near to fuch Places. The male Mandrake is moft commonly ufed; and of the whole Plant, only the Leaves, Bark of the Root, and the Fruit. By a chymical Analyfls it is found to abound with Oil, and acid Phlegm, but yields I— The Compleat Herbal. yields only a fmall Quantity of urinous Spirit, and volatile concreted Salt. Tournefort in his Materia Medic a com¬ pares it in Principles and Faculties to the Henbane, and confequently makes its Powers to depend upon Sulphur and Salt- Armoniack ; by its Sulphur it foftens and mollifies the Fibres, and by its Salt does difcufs and diflipate Tumours. It is foporiferous and narcotic, but as it is apt, if taken to a certain Quantity, to diforder all the rational Faculties, and per¬ vert the whole Frame, it is rarely ufed in¬ ternally, but externally, the Bark of the Root especially, in all Inflammations of the Eyes, Eryfipelas, hard and fcrophulous Tu¬ mours, &c. We are inforlned by Diofco - riles , that the Juice of this Plant, and a Wine prepared by infufing the Barks of the Root, were ufually given before Burning and Amputation, by the Ancients, to flu- pify all Senfe of Pain; that the Juice en¬ tered as an Ingredient in ophthalmick and anodyne Remedies, and in emollient Pef- (aries; that both the Leaves arid the Root, applied by way of Cataplafm, give Relief in all articular Pains; he tells us more^ over, that the Smell of the Apples procures deep, and that their Seeds purge the Womb. The Effe&s and Symptoms of their Poifon, which they turn to when taken in too great a Quantity, he defcribes to be a profound and deep Sleep, nothing diftant from a Lethargy, and as if it were a Diflo- lution of the whole OEconomy: Matthio- lus adds, an exceflive and infupportable Heat overfpreads the whole Body, the Face is of a firy Rednefs, the Mouth and Tongue dry and parched, and the Perfon affe&ed perpetually gaping to fuck in frefh Air : As a Remedy againft their Poifon he prefcribes vomiting before the Poifon has exerted its utmoft Force, Rue, Pepper, and Muftard bruifed in Vinegar and fmelt to, Wormwood and Nitre given in Wine, &c. Matthiolus to thefe adds Origanum , Pen¬ ny-royal, Caftor, Calamint, and the Trea¬ cle of Andromachus , as highly beneficial; 5 ' with Fri&ion, Ligatures, Veficatories, &c, Thofe who would have more full Satisfa¬ ction may confult the aforefaid Author and his Commentator. The Leaves of this Plant enter as a chief Ingredient in the Ointment of Poplar ; but the Herb-Merchants commonly impofe thofe of the Hyofcyamus luteus, or Englijh Tabacco, for the true Mandrake-Leaves, which, when wanting, muft diminifh much from the Virtues of the Compofi- tion. As to the famed Refemblance of a hu¬ mane Form, which the Roots of this Plant are faid to carry, ’tis all Impofture, owing to the cunning of Quacks and Mounte¬ banks, who gull the Populace and the Ig¬ norant with fictitious Images, (hap’d from the frefh Roots of other Plants, efpecially the Briony, inflead of thofe of the Man¬ drake; and what is reported as to the Manner of rooting up this Plant, by tying a Dog thereto, to prevent the certain Death of the Perfon who fhoulddareto attempt it, and the Groans which it emits upon the Force offered, &c. 3 tis all a fulfome Fable, derived, as Matthiolus pro¬ bably conjectures, from what the Jiwifh Hiftorian JoJephus relates of that wonder^ ful Plant which he calls Baaras, TA BLE Ii; GENUS II; Belladona, Deadly Nightjhade\ a Plant with a Flower of one entire e Leaf A, in the Shape of a Bell, and cut into feveral Divifions: The Pointal D, which is fixed like a Nail in the back Part of the Flower B, rifes from the Flower- Cup C, and is afterwards transformed in¬ to a roundifh, foft or juicy Fruit E, by n tranfverfe Partition F, divided into two Cells, G, H, ftored with Seeds L adherent to the * Placenta IK. Its * The Placenta is that thin Membrane thro which Nomjhmznt it convyed tQ the Seeds, and t$ which they are elefely joined. 6 'The Compkat Herbal. Its Species are, Belladona with larger Leaves and Flowers. This is a Plant of a luxuriant Growth; from its thick fpreading Root it fends up Stalks,four, iome times fix, Foot in length ; which, fvvelling in feveral Pans into round Knots, .from thence emit various Branches: The Leaves are large, of a dark green Co¬ lour upon the upper Side, but on the un¬ der of a lighter Green, upon both fome- what hairy ; the Flowers are chanelled or flriated, of a dull purphfh Colour within, and at the Bottom of a changeable Yel¬ low j they are fuccceded by Berries, when fully ripe, of a {Lining Black, and full of a purple Juice. It grows near to Walls and Hedges, and in ruinous and uncultivated Places $ it is found in feveral Parts of England. Be/ladona with leffer Leaves and Flowers. Round-leaved, (Lrubby Spanijh Belladona; this is the folanum Frutex rotundifolium Hifpanicum of Barr. Icon . Shrubby American Belladona , with a white Flower, and a Tabacco-lea£ Plum. Clujtus gives us one Figure of the firft Species, which he obferved diverfjfied in its Leaves and Flowers; it is called by Cafo par Bauhin. folanum fMLa.voKi&r. TA BLE III. Fig. 2. GENUS II. Polygonatum, Salomons Seal , IS a Plant with a Flower Tof one entire Leaf A, of the cylindrical Bell-fhape, without a Flower-Cup, and divided into feveral Segments: The Pointal B fhoots up from the bottom of the Flower, and is af- - terwards 8 The Compleat Herbal. terwards transformed into a foft Fruit C, commonly of a globular Shape, contain¬ ing Seeds D, for the moll Part roundilh E. Its Species are, Common broad-leaved Salomon’s Seal, C B. Pin. 303. This is the Polygonal urn vul- go figillum Salomonis of T. B, 3. *529. and t ht Polygonatum of Matin. 954. From a Root creeping along the upper Surface of the Ground, full of Joints, thick*fet with Fibres, about the Thicknefs of a Man’s Thumb, and of a bright White, of a fweetifh Tafte, and a naufeous Smell; it fends up round Stalks, half a Yard in Length, bending their Tops almoft into an Arch, which, if cut or bruifed, emit a moft offenfive Smell: Upon thefe the Leaves are alternately difpofed, all upon one Side, above of a black fhining Giten, below of a Green inclining to a Blue, and full of Nerves, refembling thofe of the May-Lilly; the Flowers rile from the An¬ gles which the Leaves make with the Stalk, upon fhort Footftalks, divided into others Rill lefler, fo that there are found fome- times one, fometimes two or more Flowers at the Angle from whence they fhoot; white and without Smell, all pendulous upon one fide of the Stalk; they are £uc- ceeded by a Fruit about the Bignefs of an Ivy-Berry, found diverfified in colour when fully ripe, fome Plants bearing it of a purple, fome of a red, and others of a black Colour. It grows in Woods, fhady Places and Enclosures: Gerard and Parhnfon mention fome Places in Somerfetfhire , Hampjhire and Cambridgejhire , where it grows in Plenty; it fprings up in March y flowers in May y the Fruit is ripe in September , and conti¬ nues on the Stalks till the Frofl rots and nips both. Common broad-leaved Salomon’s Seal with red Stalks. H. L. Bat. The greateft broad-leaved Salomon’s Seal of C. B. Pin. 303. This is the Polygonatum majtu vulgari fimile of John Bauhin . 3. 529. and the firft broad-leaved Salomon’s Seal of ClhfiHSy Hifi. 275. It differs from the firft Species only in this, that it ihoots up to a much greater 1 Height, has thicker Roots and Stalks, broader Leaves, abounds more in Flowers, and bears larger Berries; it grows wild in Aufiria and fome other Parts of Germany . Broad-leaved Salomon’s Seal, with the white Hellebore-Leaf off. B. Pin. 303. This is the Polygonatum ampliludinis johorum Hel- lebori albi of J. B. 3. 530. And the third Salomon’s Seal of Clufius with a broader Leaf. Hifi. 276. Salomon’s Seal with a white Hellebore Leaf, and a Stalk of a purplilh Colour. Ray Synop. 148. Broad-leaved Salomon’s Seal, with a large fcented Flower, C. B. Pin. 303. This is the Polygonatum floribus ex fwgularibus pedi - cults of J. B. 3. 529. and the fecond broad-leaved Salomon’s Seal of Clufius y Hifi. 276. This fort agrees very mutli with the firft, only its Stalks are fhorter, not exceeding a Foot in length, ftrait and hot bending; its Leaves are broader and thicker fet, being placed at fhorter Intervals; from every Angle which they make with the Stalk, rife two or three Flowers, each fupported by a proper Footftalk, of a pleafant Smell, not unlike that of the Hawthorn Flowers; the Berries are larger than in the firft Sort, at firft green, and when fully ripe, black, containing a hard ftony Seed; it is found in England ; Clufius found it upon the Mountains of Leittenberg above Mander - fiorf y and in feveral other mountainous Parts beyond the Danube . Broad-leaved Salomon’s Seal, with a double and fweet-fmelling Flower, H. R. Par. This is the Sigillum Salomonis fiore pleno of A. R . Par . p. 115. The lefler broad-leaved Salomon’s Seal, with a great Flower, C. B. Prod . 136. Pin. 203. Polygonatum humile Anglicum. Ray Synop . 148. Narrow-leaved, unbranched Salomon’s Seal, C. B. Pin. 303. This is the narrow¬ leaved Salomon’s Seal of J. B . 3. 531. And the Polygonatum alterum of Dodoneus , Pempt. 345 * The only remarkable Difference between this and the firft and common Sort, lies in the Form of the Leaf, which in this is more narrow and long; and their Difpofition, for I * ) 7 R.HS CHS . -Buto/zerj jBm-am . 'Ta4>! 4- , ?U7. ft t . 'V Na< 5 ^. ^**1) A g tt C ei 'llltlie . mTTrrtr. The Compleat Herbal. 9 for they are not placed in an alternate order, but fhoot out five or fix together from every Joint of the Stalk, and encom- pafs it round, (bowing like a Star or Spur: The Fruit is at firft, as Clujias obferved, of a changing Colour, but when ripe, red and fmaller ; it grows in plenty in (everal mountainous and woody Parts of Germany , and near to Geneva. Narrow-leaved, branched Salomon’s Seal, C.B. Pin. 304. J.B. 3. 531. This is the fixth Salomon’s Seal of Chfius, or his fecond with a narrow Leaf. Hift. 277. _ What diftinguifhes this Species from the laft, are the little (lender Branches which rife from the Knots of the Stalk, two, three, fometimes more, in Number, in pro¬ portion to the Angles or Corners of the .Stalk. Polygonatum Americamm , fcandens , altif- f\mum y foliis Tamm . Plum, Broad-leaved oriental Salomon’s Seal, with a final 1 Flower. We mull exclude from this Genus thefe following Plants; barren Solomons Seal with fpiked Flowers. Corn . 32. Berry¬ bearing Salomon’s Seal with fpiked Flowers, Corn. 34. They are both a Species of the Smilax. Clufter’d Salomon’s Seal, Com. 39. The greater clufter’d Salomons "Seal, with a yellow Flower. Corn. 41. They are all three polypetalous, that is, their Flowers do not confift of one fingle entire Leaf, but of many diftinft Leaves. Salomon’s Seal is diftinguiflied from the May-Lilly, by the cylindrical Shape of its Flower ; it derives its Name from the two Greek Words m au and yvv, becaufe its Roots and Stalks are full of Joints and Knots. ’Tis the Root of the firft Species that is moft commonly ufed, the Fruit and Leaves but rarely. Upon a chymical Analyfis it yields only fome acid Liquors and Oil, a fmall Quantity of Earth, and fixed, but no volatile, Salt. Schroder affirms, that fourteen or fifteen of its Berries purge by Stool and Vomit, one Drachm of its Root produces the fame Ef- fe$; fome give the Infufion of half an Ounce of the Root in Wine, by way of Diet-drink for feveral Months to fuch as have Ruptures; the Patient never vomits. and finds great Relief; efpecially if at the fame Time the Root bruiied be externally applied to the Part by Way of Cataplafm : It is of no lefs Efficacy in all manner of Contufions; the diftilled Water of the whole Plant clears the Face and beautifies the Complexion; a Deco&ion thereof cures the Itch and fuch like cutaneous Di (tem¬ pers. Tourn. Hift. des Plant. It is vulnerary and aftringent, ftops all manner of fluxes, knits and confolidates broken Bones; it is ufed internally as a Remedy for the Whites: Matthiolus allures, that the Roots candied, if frequently ufed, are of expe¬ rienced Efficacy in this Cafe. Gerard and Parkinfon tell us, that the Country People in Hampjhire , and in feveral other Provin¬ ces of England , in the above mentioned cafes, have recourfe to it as a divine Reme¬ dy ; they take internally the Infufion of the Root, and at the fame Time make ex¬ ternal Application thereof to the Part af- fe6ted ; and that they ufe it for their Cat¬ tle upon the like Occafions: Some Phyfi- cians highly recommend the Decodion of the Root in ftrong Ale, as of excellent ufe in the Gout. The particular Virtues of this Herb, as a Vulnerary, fome think, procu¬ red it the Name of Salomon’s Seal, and not the Refemblance, which fome Parts of its Root bear to the common Shape of a Seal, TABLE IV. Fig. 1. GENUS III. Rufcus, Knee-Holly or Butchers Broom y a Plant with a Flower of one entire Leaf A D, of the globous Beli-fhape ; the Flower-cup B E is cut into feveral Di- vifions; the Pointal C F rifes from the Bottom of the Flower, and is afterwards changed into a foft Fruit G H, containing one or two hard ftony Seeds IK. Its Species are, Butchers Broom, with a Myrtle-Leaf, lbarp and pointed : This is the Rufcui of J. B. 1. 579. The Rufcum of Dodoneus , C ' Pempt , io The Comfleat Herbal Pempt. 744. The Butchers Broom of the Shops, Tin's Species from its Roots, which are thick, winding, very much entwined, fi¬ brous, of a white Colour and fweetifh Tafte, with fome bitternefs, fends up le- veral Stalks a Yard, fometimes more,, in length, pliant, tough, and chanelled; which afterwards widely If retch out into Branches thick fet with Leaves, of the Shape of the Myrtle-Leaf, rigid, nervous, and armed with a prickly Point; from the middle Nerve of the Leaf the Flowers rife of a violet Colour, they are fucceeded by a Fruit, red when ripe, near in bignefs to a Cherry, and of a fweetifh Tafle; it grows in plenty in England, in rough and barren Grounds, as upon Hampfted - Heath , and is often found under the Hol¬ ly-Bulb. It emits its firft Shoots in the Spring, which, when tender, are eaten in divers Parts like thofe of Afpfcragus; the Fruit is ripe in Auguft or September. All the Plants of this Genus, befides the Chara&erifticks given by our Author in his general Defcription, have this dilfin- guifhing Mark from every other Plant, that they bear their Fruit upon the Leaf, which the Greels expieffed in one Word, *E7n Pin. 187. This is the great Gentian, with a / 14 The Commie at Herbal. a purple Flower, of J. B. 3. 521. And the firft larger Felwort, with a purple Flower, of Cluj'. Hift. 312. The Form of this differs nothing from that of the firft common Species; its Leaves are large, yet fomewhat narrower, and of a deeper Green ; they are difpofed upon the Stalks after the lame Manner, two together in oppofition: The Stalks are full of Joints, and the two or rhree upper- inoft are deck’d with Flowers, which grow in knots and furround them like a Gar¬ land; not yellow, nor expanded into a wide Circumference, as thole of the firft, but of a purple Colour, larger, and con¬ cave, like an oblong Tube, cut into fix or more Segments, paler towards the Bottom, where they are marked with feveral little purple Spots; the Seed is fmaller. It is* found in feveral Parts of Germany, and the Alps ; flowers in Auguft, and in Sep¬ tember the Seed is ripe. The greater white-flowered Gentian of C. B. Pin. 187. This is the great Gentian, with a white Flower, of J.B. 3. 521. And the greater Gentian, with a white Flower, of Quf. Hift. 312. This differs nothing from the fecond,but in the Colour of its Flower. The greater Gentian, with a fpotted Flower. C. B. 187. This is what Cluf. de- fcribes, Hift. 312. under the Title of the greater Gentian, with a pale Flower, mark’d with Spots. The Flowers of this Species are of a pale Yellow, and marked on both Sides with feveral black Spots; in every Thing elfe 5t agrees with the two la ft. Gentian with a Swallow-wort Leaf. C. B. Tin. 187. This is the Gentiana , folio Afcle- piadis vulgo credit 26 . The Stalks of this are half a Yard in length, full of Joints; the Leaves fet by couples at each knot, with three Nerves running along length-ways, are broad at the Bottom, but end in a long fharp Point, joined to the Stalk without an intervening Footfialk ; from the Bottom almoft of its Stalk, it (hoots out little Branches from the Angles of the Leaves, which fupport five, feven, or more Flowers, but fmall in proportion to the Bignefs of the Plant. Meadow-Gentian,with a downy Flower. C. B. Bin. 188. Gcntianetla Species quibufdaw, an Cor do Bneumonanthe , ant Gent tana fugax altera Clnfti. J. B. 3, 526, The eighth Gen¬ tian, or the fecond annual Gentian, of Cluf. Hift. 315. According to Ray , this is the autumnal Dwarf-Gentian of Barkinfon , with the Leaves of the lefler Centaury, and the lefler annual or perifhing Gentian of Gerard . The Root is woody, of a yellowifh Co¬ lour, not very fibrous; the Stalk half a Foot in height, fquare, full of Branches, and from a Green turning fometimes to a deep Red, fometimes to a Purple • the Leaves have no Footftalks, about the length of a Finger, broad at the Bottom, but drawing to a lharp Point at the Extre¬ mity, with three Nerves, of a dark green Colour, fet two and two together, oppofite, as is ufual in all the Gen- 4 tians; the Flowers (hoot out from the An¬ gles of the Leaves near the Top of the Stalk, of a purplilh Colour, long and con¬ cave, cut into five fharp-pointed Segments, at the bafe of the Segments are circularly difpofed feveral little (trait Leaves, di¬ vided into fine (lender Filaments or Threads which John Bauhin calls the purple Beard or Down. The Leaves and Stalks tafte hot and bit¬ ter, but the Root is infipid. It is this Species which is fo frequerttly found throughout England , efpecially in chalky Grounds, of which, fays Ray , our Botanifts conftitute two varieties; its Cha- rafteriftick is, that the lowermoft internal Part of each Segment, is covered with a fine purple Down ; it flowers with us about the End of Auguft. Meadow-Gentianwith a greater and fhorter Flower. C. B. Bin . 1.88. This is the third annual Gentianel o £ Clufius > with a greater and fhorter greenifh and bluifh Flower, according to J. B . 3.526. The ninth Gentian, or the third periming Gen¬ tian, otClufi 315. The Title gives all the Difference be¬ tween this and the Jaft, the Leaves only are much broader; the Flowers are fuc- ceeded by long horned Seed-Pods. Gentian, with little bellying husky Bags, Utricalis ventricofis. C. B. Bin . 188. This is the fecond Blue, heart-like, (corda- ta ) Gentianel, of Columna. Bart. 1. 221. And according to Ray Hift, Plant, the fmall Heart-like Summer-Gentian of Bar¬ kinfon. The Chara&eri flick of this Species is fixed by the fwelling husky Bags that grow upon the fmall Branches, compofed of five hard or cartilaginous Ribs, which conftitute fo many Angles, and end in the like Number of (harp Points, of a pale green Colour; and by the Flowers which firft appear from the Top of that filiquous Cavity, very little difclofed, wreathed like the Flowers of the fmall Bindweeds, of a whitifli Blue before it is open, afterwards of fo charming and exquifitea Blue, that it feems to exceed the Ultramarine ; it is cut into five Segments, expanded and fpread like a Star, which are the only Parts ex- pofed, the long hollow Tube lying hid within The Compleat Herbal iy whhin the Cup, which is fingular to this Species; between each of the greater Seg¬ ments appears a letter feeming Leaf, fhaped like a Heart, whence it had the Name of Cor data ; thole who want this Appendice, have a white Line like a Nerve or Vein running along, whence the Centre of the Flower appears of a bright White; the Seed-Veflel bears a round large Head upon a long Neck, enclofing an oblong black Seed, and when the Seed is ripe, opens in two from the Head downwards. It was oblerved by Column* , upon the Mountains near to Naples, where it flow¬ ered in June: But in Germany it flowers later, about the end of Angaft. Broad-leaved, MarflvGentian, with a fpotted Flower. C.B.Pin. 188. Dr. Penny's Gentian, with a bluifh fpotted Flower. J. B. 3. 528. The twelfth Gentian of Clu- fius, with a fpotted Flower. Hifi. 316. The Stalk of this Species is about half a Yard in length, the Leaves like thofe of the great Gentian, but fmaller, the lower- moft fland upon red Footftalks, but the upper have none, and in a manner encotn- pafs the Stalk: The Flowers are chanelled, ofa bluifh Colour, curioufly marked with black Spots; at the middle of the Stalk they fland three together, but at the Top, five. It grows in plenty upon Bokemut , a Mountain in Switzerland; and flow r ers in Augufi. The greater narrow-leaved autumnal Gentian of C. B. Pin. 188. This is the nar¬ row-leaved Marfh-Gentian of the fame Author. Gentian a Species , Calathiana qui - bufdam, rad ice perpetua five paluflris. J. B. 3. 524. The Pneumonanthe of Tabern. Icon. 787. The Marfli-Gcntian or Calathian- Violet. This Species is found in plenty in feveral Parts of England , in Lincolnjhire , and Tori - Jhire, in moifl, heathy Grounds. The leafl of all the Gentians : The leaft of all the finall Gentians. C. B. Prod. 97. Pin. 188. J. B. 3. 528. Oriental Gentian, with the largefl and moft fharp pointed Swallow-wort Leaf. Oriental Gentian, with nervous Leaves, and a great Flower, of a bright White. Oriental Gentian, with Leaves full of Veins, and a large Flower, of a greenifti White; ’tis a Variety of the former. The letter autumnal Gentian of the Eafl, with a Myrtle Leaf, and a large blue Flower. The fir ft difeovery of this Plant, accord¬ ing to Diofcorides , is alcribed to Gensues King of Illyria, whofe name it bears. The Ancients make mention but of one Species of the Gentian, which appears to be the great common Gentian; the fol¬ lowing Vertues are aferibed to it by Diof* corides , Book 3. Chap. 3. The Root, fays he, is hot and aftringent; two Drachms of it infufed into Wine, with Pepper and Rue, is of ufe againft the Stingings of Ser¬ pents; a Drachm of the extracted Juice is admrnifter’d with Succefs, in all lateral Pains, to fuch as are bruifed by falls, rup¬ tured, and convulfed: The Root taken in Water, is greatly fubfervient in Obftru- (ftions of the Liver, and difeafes of the Stomach; ufed as a Pefl'ary it expels the Birth: Externally applied, like the Lycium, or Box-Thorn, it is vulnerary, and cures all fiftulous Ulcers; the Juice efpecially is endowed with thefe Powers; inftead of the Meconium , it is ufed as an Ingredient in fharp Collyriums, and is of great Efficacy in all inflammatory Diftempers of the Eyes. The way to extract the Juice is this, the Root, bruiled, is macerated in Water during the Space of five Days, then it is boiled in the fame Water, till the Roots are almoft entirely confumed ; afterwards, when cold, the Water is ftrained, then boiled again, till it obtains the Confiftence of Honey. Thus far Diojcorides. It is the firft Species that is moft com¬ monly ufed, and of the whole Plant, the Roots only: Chymically analyzed, they almoft entirely diffolve into Oil, yield not- withftanding no inconfiderable Quantity of Earth, and acid- Phlegm, with fome urinous Spirit, whence their a <■**>■. ; i 't T ihe Compleat Herbal ip Its Species are, Round-leaved Mountain Sold andU of C; B. Pin. 295. This is the Soldanella mon- tana quibufdam of J. B. 2. 817. And the kfl’er Mountain SoUandla of Cluf. Hift. 3 op- Round - leaved, Mountain Soldanella , with a fnowy Flower, of C. B. Pin, 296. Mountain Soldanella , with a Leaf ids round. C. B. Pin. 296. This is the greater Mountain Soldanella of Cluftus. Hi ft. 308. TABLE VII. GENUS V. Convolvulus, Bindweed, a Plant with a Flower of one entire Leaf A, undivided, in the Shape of a Bell, whole Mouth or Brim, for the mofi Part, is widely fpread and expanded ; the pointal D rifes from the Flower*Cup C, is fixed like a Nail in the bottom Part of the Flower B, and is afterwards changed into a round membranous or husky Fruit E F G, wrapped up, for the mod part, within the Flower Cup, found fometimes but with one Seed*Coffin I, fometimes with three diftindt feminal Cells H, en- clofing little angular, or cornered Seeds K L. Its Species are, The greaf white Bindweed of C. B. Pin. 294. This is what J. B. calls Convolvulus major . 2. 154. And the Smilax lavis major cf Dodon. Pempt. 392. The Roots are white and final!, emit va¬ rious Fibres, and widely fpread and dif- fufe themfelves und^r Ground, of a Tafie (omewhat fharp and pungent; from thence it fends up very long, (lender, and cha¬ rnel led. Vine-ftalks, which wreathing and winding round every approached Prop, mount it high; upon thele, at great inter¬ vals, the Leaves are difpofed, pointed- at the Extremity, and where they join the Fooiftalk, divided, and as it were (Wetdi¬ ed into two Wings, which gives a trian¬ gular Form to the whole Leaf, linootb, of a pale finning Green, and much larger than thofe of the Ivy ; from the Bofom of the Leaves there (hoots a long Footfialk, which fupports a large Flower of a fnowy White, with the fuftaining Flower-Cup, com poled of five little oblong Leaves; and befides thefe, two little oblong, triangular and hollowed Leaves, bordered with a purplifia Colour, enclofe- the Flower be¬ fore it is blown, and when it drops, the Flower-Cup, the Pointal, Threads, and Chives, are all white ; the Seeds contained within a little round Husk about the big- ne(s of a (mail Cherry, are black. It grows in plenty in England in moifi places, near to Hedges, Bowers in Sum¬ mer, the Stalks and Leaves perifh yearly, but the Root is perennial; the whole Plant, as molt of this kind,, abounds with a milky Juice. The great purple Bindweed. Cat. Plant. Bat. The great Bindweed, with a Purple par¬ ty-coloured Flower. Hort. Amjlel. 12 0 . 97. Great white Bindweed, growing upon the Sea-Coafis, with a thick Leaf, having Ear-like appendices. Bot. Monfpd. This is the Helxine Cijfampelos of Pena and Lohel in their Adv. 274. Wheeler’s Bindweed, with a purple Flower, and Arrow-root Leaves* Pluknet . Phytolog. Tab.%^. Fig. 3. Purple Bindweed, with a roundifii Leaf, C. B. Pin. 295. This is the Campanula Jndica , or Indian Bell-flower, of J.B. 2. 165. and the Convolvulus Indie us, flore violaceo , Indian Bindweed, with a Flower of a violet Co¬ lour. Eyftet. It rifes with many red, rough, wreath¬ ing and winding Stalks, which catch at every prop; the Leaves are of a roundilli Shape, upon both fides (omewhat hairy ; theirfootfialks above an Inch in length, rough, and of a red Colour; the Flowers are of a beautiful Purple, (landing, for the mofl part, three together,, each upon a proper Footfialk, (hooting from the Top of one (ingle common Footfialk, much longer than tno(e which fupport the Flowers; the D 2 Flower- 20 The Compleat Herbal. Flower-Cup is divided into five {harp- pointed Leaves, hairy, and of a blackilh Colour. It is brought in Seed from Syria and the Eaflern Parts; flowers in Summer, and perfe#s its Seed in Autumn, when it to¬ tally perifhetb : It is called by fome the Flower of the Night, becaufe its Flowers only open during the Night, and contra#, wither, and die with the Sun’s approaching Heat. Mian Bindweed, with a white Flower. H. R. Par . Indian Bindweed, with a white-purple Flower, and white Seeds. H. R. Monfpel. Purple Bindweed of M'aderafpatan , with Leaves like thofe of the March-violet, and flowers handing in knots. Pluk. Phytolog . Tab . 166. Fig .5. Father Plumier s many-flowered yellow Bindweed. Defcrip. des Plant. Ameriq. 102. This is the Convolvulus Polyanthos, folio fub- rotmdo , fore luteo , the yellow flowered Bindweed, bearing feveral Flowers Hand¬ ing together in knots, with a roundifh Leaf, of Dr. Sloane . Cat. Plant. Jornate . 55. The Stalks of this Species are very (lender ; at each Joint there fhoots a Leaf fhaped like a Heart, and pointed, four or five Inches long, and three or four broad, join¬ ed to a long, fmooth, (lender Footftalk, of a dark green Colour, and undulated ; from the fame Joints rifes another very long FootAalk, thicker, efpecially towards the Top, than thofe of the Leaves, which fu- flains a knot of Flowers, all of a bright Yellow : From the bottom of the Flowers rife five finall Filaments or Threads, with long white Chives, furrounding a Pointal fomewhat longer, with a green Head, fplit and divided; the Fruit or Husk which en- doles the Seed, is round, of a brownifh Red; the Seeds are cover d with a fhining red, filky Down. American Bindweed, deck’d with many Flowers, Handing in knots, of a fnowy White, and a larger roundifh Leaf. Plumier. Hairy American Bindweed, bearing yel¬ low Flowers, with a purple Umbo or Cen¬ tre. H. Am [lei. 15. American Bindweed, growing upon the Sea-Coafts, with a very large Leaf, fhaped like a Heart, and a great Flower of a pur- plifh Colour. Plum. American Bindweed, with a large Leaf fhaped like a Heart, and a great white Flower. Plum. Purging Sea - Bindweed, with Sorrel- Leaves, and a Flower of a fnowy White. Plum. 105. Purging Sea-Bindweed, with a round Leaf, and a purple Flower. Plum. 104. This is the Sea-Bindweed oiPifo. 258. Edit. 1658. and the Sea-Bindweed, or Soldanclla ,, of Marcgrave. 51. Edit . 1648- Sea-Bindweed of Zeylan , with a thick Leaf, in the Form of a Heart. H. L. Bat. The greater Italian Sea-Bindweed, with a hollowed Leaf. Morifon Hift . Oxon. Part. 2. 11. This is the Sddanella , or the greater Sea-Colewort, of C B . Pin. 295. The Con* volvulus marinus , Sold am IU nffinis, of J. B. 2. 168. The Convolvulo marino of Ferrante Imper. 671. North-Britain round - leaved Sea-Bind¬ weed. Morifon. Hift. Oxon. Part, 2, ii. This is the lefler Sea Soldandla of C. B. Pin. 295. The Sea-Colewort or Soldanclla of J. B. 2. 166. and the Soldandla of Dodon. Pempt. 395 - From white, fibrous, and fpreading Roots, it fends up (lender Stalks or Ten¬ drils, which creep and ftretch along the Surface; the Leaves rile upon long Foot- flalks, roundifh, with blunted Lobes, fome- what thick, nearly relembling thofe of the Celandine, and full of a milky Juice; the Flowers are large, undivided, of a purple Colour, not unlike thofe of the Anooth Smilax: The Seed contained, within the round Husk or Fruit, is cornered, found in fome Plants of a black, in others of a white Colour; the whole is of a fait and bitterifh Tafle. It is found in plenty upon the Tandy Banks near to the Sea-CoaA, both in Scot- land and England ; and flowers in Summer. The lefler Field-Bindweed, with a pur¬ ple Flower, flreaked with red, of C.B. Pm. 295. The lefler Field-Bindweed, with a white Flower, of C. B.. 294. The lefler Field-Bindweed, with a white Flower, and its concave Centre of a purple Colour, of G B. Pin. 295. The The CompTeat Herbal 21 The lefler Field-Bindweed, with a white Flower, ftreaked with purple Lines, of C. B. Pin. 2pc Convolvulus angufliffimo flolio nojlras cum auriculis. Pluk.Phyt. Tab. 24. Fig. 3. The lefler branching Bindweed o £ Mor if. Hijfc Oxon. Part . 2. 37. Portugal Bindweed, with a blue Flower, of La Brofe. This is the Convolvulus pere- f rirnsy foreign Bindweed, with a blue lower, and an oblong Leaf, of C. B . />/#. 29 «v y. ^ 2. 166. and the Campanula exo- tica , exotic Bell-flower, of Aldtnus. Small African Bindweed. Par\. Theat . 171. The Leaves of this Species are not di¬ vided where they join the Footftalk, but entire, and the Flowers of a purple Co¬ lour. The leafl African Bindweed. Parkin. Theat . 171. This fort does not climb, but its {lender Stalks are either fpread upon the Ground, or (land upright; the Leaves are very final!, and full of Nerves, which run from the middle Rib to the Circumference; almoft round, and difpofed in an alternate Order; the Fruit wdiich fucceeds the Flower is of a roundifh Shape, and divided by a thin Membrane into three diftindt Seed-Veflels, containing each two {mail Seeds, partly cornered, and partly round. The lefler Field-Bindweed, with a Flow¬ er of a Rofe-colour. C. B. Pin. 294. This is the Helxine CiJJampelos mult is, five Convolvu¬ lus minor, of J. B. 2. 157. and the fmall fmooth Smilax of Dodon. Pempt. 393. The Roots are white, tough, Bender, emitting but few Fibres, (hooting deep in¬ to, and Widely fpreading under the Ground; they fend up many weak and flender Stalks, which climb by winding them- felves round the neighbouring Plants, but when they find no prop to catch at, they lie fpread and creeping along the Grouud \ the Leaves rife Angle upon long Footftalks, in fome meafure triangular, and divided at the bafe into two Parts, refembling Ears, they are fmooth, and the lower, which are the greater, are an Inch broad, and half an Inch long; the Flowers (hoot from the Angles of the Leaves with’the Stalk, fup- ported by long Footftalks, two for the raoft Part together, white, or purplifh, and fometimes party-coloured 4 the Pointal is white,and forked, the Chives purple; the Fiower-Cup fhort and undivided ; the Flower is fucceedcd by a fmall round Fruit, enclofing four Seeds, fomewhat large and corner'd; the whole Plant fwells with a milky juice. It is found commonly in England , in the Fields, near to the Highways and Hedges, and in Gardens. Small Sicilian Bindweed, with a little Flower, having two Leaves annexed to its Flower-Cup, refembling Ears, fore parvo auriculato. Bocconi. Rar. Plant. 89. The Leaves are in form near to thofe of the Violet, only lefler and mote pointed, upon the upper Side covered with a fine and almoft imperceptible Down, and grey- ifti underneath: The Flowers are of a pale Blue, the leaft and final left of all the Bind¬ weeds ; at the bafe of the -Fiower-Cup two narrow oblong little Leaves are an¬ nexed, like Ears: the Seed-Veflels are di¬ vided into four leparate Cells, containing each four Seeds, pretty large, angular, and of a blackifh Colour. This Plant is annual, and flowers du¬ ring the whole Summer, till Autumn. Syrian Bindweed, and Syrian Scammony. Morifons Hif. Oxon. Part. 2. 12. This is the Scammonia Syriaca of C. B. Pin. 294. The Syrian Scammony, with a great Bind¬ weed Flower, of J. B. 2. 163. and the Scammonium Syriacum, Antiochenum of La¬ bel. Icon . 620. Scammony. From a Root, long, and thick as a Man’s Arm, blackifh without, within white and fibrous, and full of a milky Juice, it fends up ftalks three Yards in length, which wreath and wind them- felves round the adjacent Shrubs; the Leaves are in a manner triangular, in {hape approaching to the bearded Point of a Spear, fmooth, thin, and of a pleafant Green; their Footftalks are fhort; from the Angles of the Leaves, with the Stalk, the Flowers rife, near the Tops of the Stalks, of a beautiful purplifti Colour; they are fucceeded by a round membranous Fruit or Husk, which enclofes black angu¬ lar Seeds. Bindweed with Leaves like thofe of Scam¬ mony, Morif. Bift. Oxon. Part . 2.17. The 22 The Comp lea t Herbal. The Leaves are triangular, like tliofe of the Scammony, but much broader at the Bafe, and the Angles more obtuie; the Flowers are of a pale green Colour; the Seed-Veflels are divided into three dilfind Cells, feparated by lo many thin Mem¬ branes, each containing two black or brownifh angular Seeds; compared with the Scammony, it is found to differ from it in the Strudure of the Leaf, and in its Root, which fhoots deep into the Earth, and fpreads widely, whereas the Scammo¬ ny has a long thick Root, like that of the great Radiflr; it abounds with Milk, as moft of this Genus. Long-rooted Bindweed, called Scammo¬ ny of Pink. Phyt. Tab. 85. Fig. a. In all Things it agrees witn the true Scammony, except in the Root, which is long, and not above an Inch thick. The l'mall Syrian Bindweed. H. L. Bat. App. 660. Convolvulus Linavia folio ajfurgens , Bind¬ weed with a Toad-flax Leaf: This is the Volvulus terreflris of Dalechamp . Lugd. 142s. J. B. 2. 160? Convolvulus LinavU folio , humilior . Low Bindweed, with a Toad-flax Leaf. This is the Cantabrica quorundam of Clufius. Hi ft. 49. The Email creeping Bindweed, with Leaves of a fllver Colour, and almoft without Stalks. H. R. Par. This is the Email filver creeping Bindweed of Rochel , with a red Flower, of Morif. Hift. Oxon. Part. 2. 17. Lobcl gives us a Figure of this Species in his Tables, p. 622. near to that of the Convolvulus fpicafolius , or the flcechas Citrina or Linaria. This fort grows very low, leaning upon the Ground, with long narrow Leaves, of a bright filver-grey Colour; the Flowers are red, by which marks it is eafily diflin- guiflied from every other Species of the finaller Bindweeds. Silver-leaved Bindweed, with upright Stalks, let at the Top with Flowers in a Tuft, or round, like a Lady’s Umbrella : This is the Cneoron album , folio olea argen - tea, molli , white Cneoron, with a Eoft filver- coloured Olive-leaf, of C. B. Pin. 463. The Cneorum album of Dalechamp , the Dorycnium of others. J. B. 1. 597. and the Dorycnium of Plateau , according to Clufius . App. 2.54. 4 It is a (hrubby Plant,'and rifes with ma¬ ny ere&ed Stalks (hooting from the fame Root, a Yard and more in length, white and hoary, fet with numerous Leaves, rc- fembling thofe of the Olive, narrow, and covered With a Eoft Eilver-coloured Down; the Extremities of the Stalks are deck’d with white Flowers, with fome Leaves in¬ termixed, difpofed in a Round or Tuft, and fpreading like an Umbrella ; the Fruit is like that of the lefler Bindweed, and is divided into three feminal Cells, two Seeds in each; it yields eirher none, or but a fmall Quantity, of milky Juice. It grows, according to Alpinus , in the maritime Parts of the Ifland Candy , never diverted of its Leaves, but ever green. Silver-leaved Bindweed, flat and creep¬ ing upon the Ground, with Tufts of Flowers, difpofed in a Round. Lychnidii filveflris fpecies Myconi, a Species of the Wild Campions, according to Myco. Lugd. 817. The Wild Campions, with a Flower like that of the Campanula , according to C. B. Pin. 2 06. The Campanula Lychnidea of J. B. 2. 803. Hoary, branched Bindweed, with the common Moufe-ear Leaf. C. B. Pin. 294. This is the Cijlampelo ramofo di Candia of Pona, in his Defcription of the Plants of Montebaldo . Ital. 16. Branchy Bindweed: of Candy. The Stalks of this Species are very much branched, and the Branches flill Eubdi- vided into Emaller, with two Leaves at each Joint, hoary, and covered with a hairy Down, like thoEe of the MouEe-ear, the upper being the Emallefl: The Flowers are large, of an incarnate Colour; the Seed is black, and but one in each Seed- Cofhn ; the Root is full of Fibres, but pe- rilheth every Year. The lead American Bindweed, rough and hairy, with a Leaf like that of the Dwarf- Sun-Flower. Plumier. Dr.Sloans fmall creeping Bindweed, witli a Money-wort Leaf, and a blue Flower. Cat. Plant. Jamaic. 58. From a (lender Root, with many an¬ nexed Fibres and Filaments, it Eends up long creeping Stalks, (hiking other Roots into the Ground as they creep along, in various places; at fliort unequal intervals th£ The Compleat Herbal. 23 the Leaves are fet in an alternate Order, almoft round, like the Leaves of the letter Money-wort, with a purplifh Flower, near an Inch in length, and half an Inch broad; their Extremities are infe&ed, and they hand upon fliort Foot ft a Iks, about a quar¬ ter of an Inch in length; the Flowers are of a pale Blue, and are fucceeded by a brownifh Fruit, enclofing two or three Seeds of the fame Colour. It grows in plenty in the Meadows round the Town of St. Jago de U Vega , after the Rains, and in Barbadoes. Blue*flowered Bindweed, with an angu¬ lar Ivy-Leaf. C. B. Pin. 295. This is what fome call the Nil Arabum, or the blue Bindweed, according to J. B. 2. 164. The azure or blue, Ivy-like Bindweed, or exo¬ tic Smilax, of Label. Icon . 623. Blue-flow¬ ered Bindweed, with a broader Ivy-Leaf, angular or corner’d. H. L . But, Hairy Indian Bindweed, with an Ivy- Leaf divided into three Parts, and a blue Flower. H. L. Bat. The greateft Indian Bindweed, winged or branched, with corner’d Leaves, fome- what refembling thole of the Marfh-mal- low, the Turbith of the Shops. H. L. Bat. This is the creeping Indian Turbith, with Marfh -.mallow Leaves, of C. B. Pin. 149. Turbith. The Root is woody, above an Inch thick, and fomewhat branched, penetrating deep into the Earth ; it is covered with a thick and brownifh Bark, which being broken, diftils a glutinous milky Juice, inftantly thickening into a pale yellow Rofin,at firft of a fweetifh Tafte, but afterwards fharp and pungent, inclining to vomit; it fends up.feveral Bender.Stalks, which Ihoot out into four Wings or Branches, (qxatuor alts donata ) woody near the Root, thick as ones Finger, and of a reddifh Brown, but in their Progrefs greenifh; ftretching out fometimes fix or feven Yards in length, -wreathing and winding into various Cir- xles, fome of them creep along the Ground, while others mount and climb upon the .adjoining Trees and Shrubs, clofely clafp- ing and entwining their fuftaining Props-; upon little winged or branched, and ca- -rinated, (i. e. crooked and hollowed like .the Keel of a Ship,) Footftalks, the Leaves ftand, in Form like thofe of the Marfh- mallow, loft, covered with a fine hoary Down, cornered, their Edges infeded, and fomewhat pointed ; from their Angles with the Stalk, towards the Extremities of the Branches, other Footftalks fhoot, longer and more firm than the former, but neither winged nor carinated, which fuftain three or four little oblong pointed Heads, com- pofed of five final 1 Leaves of a reddiih Green, each whereof difclofes a Flower, in form and bignefs like that of the common Bindweed, of a white Colour, containing within, five pale-coloured Stamina or Threads, withtheirChiv.es, furrounding a fixth, which is fixed in the fubje&ed Seed- Vettel; when the Flowex drops, the little Heads open and expand, and dilcover four blackifb, cornered Seeds, about the bignels. of a Pepper-Corn, in their Centre, enclo- fed within a thin membranous and round- ifh VettJ, which is divided into four Parts. _ It grows in abundance in Zeylan and Malabar in fhady and moift places, upon the Brinks of Ditches, behind Hedges and Garden-1* nclofures, and in other Parts far removed from.the Sea. The American .Bind weed, called Mechoa - can, of Ray. Hifl. 723. This is the Jetkucu^ or the Root Mechoacan , of Marcgrave. 41. Edit. 1648. The Mechoacan , or white Brio- ny, of C. B. Pin. 297. The Mechoacan of J. B. 2. 149. The Stalks are full of little flender Twigs, which creep and climb, and ftretch out to a great Length, with many Angles and Corners, tough, of a brown and green Co¬ lour; the Leaves are placed fingie, in an alternate order, fhaped like a Heart,,-with two Lobes or Ears, of a deep Green, and three or four Inches long ; having at their Bafe a large Nerve, with many Veins run¬ ning tranfverfly; the Flowers are like thofe of the common Bindweed in form and big¬ nefs, white, with an intermixed Carma- tion colour, but upon the infide Purple ; the Seed is about the bignels of common Peafe, almoft triangular, of a dark brotvn- ilTi Colour: The Root, which is for . the moft part divided into two Parts, is v.ery thick, half a Foot, or a Foot, in length* upon the Outfide of a.daik allay Colour,, the Compleat Herbal* but white Within, and when frefh, full of a rcfinous Juice; the Stalk, ifcut, yields a milky liquor. It was firft found in Mechoatan, an Ifland of New Spain, and from thence took its Name; but afterwards, in federal other Parts of South-America, as Nicaragua, Quito, Braftl. Convolvulus Americams, cocci neus, hepta¬ phyllus , radice craffiffima. American Bind¬ weed, with a Flower of a Alining Purple, a Leaf divided into feven Parts, and a very large thick Root. Plnmier. Sea, American Bindweed, with a white Flower, and a jagged Leaf. Plum. American Bindweed, with the Flower and Fruit of a purple Colour, and the larged Size, and a Leaf cut into many Di- vifions. Plum. Cinquefoil American Bindweed, with a fmooth dented Leaf, and rough hairy Stalks. Plum. Convolvulus Americams, villofus, penta- phyllus, & heptaphyllus major. H. L. Bat. Convolvulus Zeylanicus, villofus , pentaphyl- lus & heptaphyllus minor. H. L. Bat. Convolvulus multifidus, glaher ; fmooth Bindweed, with a Leaf cut into feveral Parts: This is the Convolvulus quinquejolim, ©r the Cinquefoil Bindweed of C. B. Prodr. 134. and his Convolvulus foliis laciniatis, vel quinquejoliis, with jagged or cinquefoil Leaves, ibid, and in his Pin. 295. Bindweed, with an oblong purple Flow¬ er, and a Leaf cut into three jags, and covered with a fine woolly Down, of Dr. Sloane. Cat. Plant. Jamaic. 55. This is the Convolvulus Jamaicenfis , trilobatus , jo¬ ins tomentofa lanugine, denftore & levijftma, ac veluti adinjlar utrimque obduftis , flore per - amceno purpureo. Jamaica Bindweed, with a Flower of a beautiful Purple, and a Leaf divided into three Parts, and covered upon both Sides with a fine velvet Down. Pluk. Tab. 167. Fig. 4. Beautiful foreign Bindweed, with a Be- tony-Leaf. J. B . 2. 259. This is the filver Bindweed, with a Marfh-mallow Leaf of C. B. Pin. 295. and the Bindweed with Marth-mallow Leaves of Clufius. Hifi. 49. The Stalks are (lender and hairy, climb¬ ing upon every adjoining Prop, a Foot or tvvo in length; the Leaves are of a filver 1 Colour, napped with a blight (Lining Down, and (iipported by long Footftalks • the lowermoft and neardt to the Root re¬ ferable thole of the purple Betony, but arc fmaller, with curled and infe&ed Edges the others too are jagged and deeply cut) gummous, and of a (harp and bitterifh Tafie; the Flowers are purple, fmaller than thofe of the fmooth Smilax, and are fup- ported by a Huskcompofed of many little Leaves; the Root is fmall and (lender creeping near to the Surface, and (hooting up in divers places. What is moll remarkable in this Species, is, That it contains no milky Juice, like the other Bindweeds. Silver Bindweed, of a mod elegant Form, with Leaves finely cut. Silver Bindweed, with Marfh-mallow Leaves, more deeply cut and hoary. H. L. Bat. This is the fmaller Bindweed, with Leaves divided in¬ to five Parts, of Muntingins. 503. We mull exclude from this Genus the lefler Bindweed, with a triangular Seed, of Cafpar Bauhin. Pin. 295. it is a Species of the Fagopyrum or Buck-wheat. Silver Bindweed, narrow-leaved, with Flowers dilpofed in a circular Form, like an Umbrella, and with Stalks, fome up¬ right and erected, others lying flat and fpread upon the Ground; the Dorycnium of Profper Alpinus. Exot. 73. Grecian Bindweed, with Arrow-wort Leaves, and a white Flower: This is the leaf! Bindweed, with a narrow Leaf, di¬ vided into two Lobes or Ears, of Boccone . Muf. Tab. 53. Tranlplanted into Gardens, it changes its Form and Appearance, and approaches near to the fmall Field-Bind¬ weed of Cafpar Bauhin. Pin. Low oriental Bindweed, with broad Leaves of a filver Cblbtir, upright, and covered with a downy Nap. Silver oriental Bindweed, with Marfh- mallow Leaves, angular or cornered. Oriental Bindweed, with Moufe-ear Leaves, fpread and flretched upon the Ground. Oriental Bindweed, with an oblong Leaf, and a red Flower. It bears the Name of Convolvulus, be- caule fmoft of its Species have wreathing and winding Stalks, which twine and turn The Compleat Herbal. 25 turn round every adjoining Tree or Shrub. The Root of the fir ft Species, or great white Bindweed, is purgative, and cleanfes the Body of (harp bilious and ferous Hu¬ mours. Dale . The next Species, which is of any ufe in Medicine, is the Convolvulus Maritimus no - fir as rotundifolios, of Morifon, or ' North - Britain Scurvy-grafs, called alfo Soldanella five Brajfica Marina , &c. Sea Bindweed,* chymically analyzed it yields a large Quan¬ tity of eflential Salt and Oil. All that Diofcorides fays of this Plant is, that it contains a fmall Quantity of milky Juice, is of a iharp, (altifh, and bitterifh Tafte, and highly prejudicial to the Stomach, y&M&fj.a.yoy ; that the Decoriion thereof with flefti Broth purges violently, and that to abate its great * Acrimony, it is ufually boiled with fat Flefh; and we know from Pliny, that the Ancients not only thus blunted its Force, but by adding Aftrin- gents at the fame Time, (uch as Spikenard, Rhubarb, &c. Jhe Authority of Diofcorides , as we find from Hoffman de Medic am. officin. has di¬ vided Authors in their Sentiments as to the ufe of this Plant, fome extolling it as a divine Remedy, while others condemn it as altogether noxious; yet upon a fair Col- ledion, we find, that the generality of the Moderns, and the moft celebrated Names agree, That when correried with proper Stomachicks, fuch as Ginger, Mace, Cin¬ namon, Anife, Citron-Seeds, &c.\t\$ of admirable Ufe, efpecially in hydropic Di- ftempers, for that it powerfully evacuates ferous and w r atry humours; as alfo in Pal- fies, and in fcorbutic and rheumatic Dif- pofitions. The Leaves are only ufed, and that va- rioufly; fome eat them by way of Sal lad, to the Quantity of tw r o Handfuls, with Water-Creffes, &c. others boil them in the Juice of Flefh, as is already hinted, and others ufe the Powder of the dried Leaves in Pullet-Broth, or fome other convenient Vehicle: The Dofe of the Powder is from 3(3 to 3 1 or 3IL Fallopio* recommends the tender Sprouts prepared after the fame Manner we commonly do thofe of Afpar'a- .gus, as of fingular Efficacy in a Dropfy, and affirms that he never met with a more excellent Remedy. The Preparations from this Plant are, the infpiflated Juice, and a •Conferve, which ought to be corre&ed with a little Cinnamon. Convolvulus minor Arvenjis , fiore rofeo , &c, fmall Field-Bindweed, with a Role-co¬ loured Flower: Tournefort fays of this Plant, that he can't determine whether it be purgative, or not, as a great many af¬ firm, but that he certainly knows from the Experience of the Peafants of Provence, that externally applied it is an excellent vulne¬ rary. The 31 Species,* which is the Convolvulus Syriacus, or Scammonia Syriaca, Morifons Syrian Bindweed, called by others the Sy¬ rian Herb: Scammony, as you may fee in the Collection of the fynonymous Titles, is of noble ufe in Phyfick; as its Roots af¬ ford us.that admirable Juice, which, when thickened and dried, is known by the Name of Scammony. The Ancients, as we are [informed by Diofcorides , collected the Juice by the Incifion of the Roots; which is certainly the beft VVay of obtaining ir, for from the Wounds it diftils pure and uncorrupted. Scammony, by a chymical Anaiyfis, is found to abound with Oil, joined with a pungent Salt; and after the manner of fharp alcalious Salts, tinctures the blue Pa¬ per with a more lively Colour. It is an excellent purgatiye, powerfully di (charges fharp bilious and ferous Hu¬ mours, and is of frequent ufe in all old obftinate Diftempers ; fuch as the Gout, Scurvy, Dropfy, Rheumatilm, Apoplexy, Head-ach, Cachexy, Reliques of the vene¬ real Di (ternper, &c. Several PhyBrians have loudly declaimed againft the ufe of Scam¬ mony, and all fcammoniat Medicines; and have given us a formidable Detail of the many fatal Inconveniences - and Diforders which it occafions: .That it generates Winds in the Stomach, which torture the Patient, and raife a Difpofirion to vomit; that by reafon of an abounding acrid Qua¬ lity, it is apt to exalt the Spirits to too great a Degree of Inflammation, to open the Mouths of the Veflels, and caufe too plentiful Evacuations, to fret and corrode E the 26 The Compleat Herbal • the Inteltines and other Parts, whence fol¬ low Loofenefles, Dy ferneries, &c. and that from Tome fecret latent Malignity,it is rather an Enemy fo the principal Vitals, than a Friend to Life : Thefe Mcfue has recounted, and from him Matthioim^ with their feve- ral Remedies, which we judge it not pro¬ per tedioufly to infift upon; repeated Ex¬ perience and Obfervation? jiaving confirm¬ ed that Scammony, rightly prepared, and jjuftly adminirtred in a due Dole, is a mort fafe and noble Cathartic, either by it felf, or joined with other Purgatives. # The mort ufual and common Prepara¬ tions of Scammony are,. ill, Diagrydium, which is a Correction of Scammony, by baking It in an Oven in a hollowed Quince, covered over with a Parte. 2dly, Scammony fulphurated. 3dly, Scam¬ mony vitriolated. 4thly, The Extradi of Scammony by the Spirit of Wine, the Ma- girtery or Rofin of Scammony; the Extradi of Diagrydium ; fome again prepare Scam¬ mony by diflolving it in the Juice of Le¬ mons, others by mixing it with Cream or Salt of Tartar. Prepared Scammony is pre- feribed from gr. VI to XII, or 91 . The Powder of three Things, is prepared from equal Parts of Scammony, Cream of Tartar, and diaphoretic Antimony; the *Dofe is from to 911 . The Dyacido~ malum of Scammony, or Scammony with Quinces, is thus prepared; take of Scam¬ mony prepared with Sulphur, gr. XII or XV, of Marmalet of Quinces a fufficient Quantity to make a Bolus for one Dofe. The bell/Scammony is brought from A - hppo, and that is to be chofen which is light, refinous, Alining, of a greyifh Black, not heavy, of a bitterirti Tarte, and a rank unpleafant Smell, eafily crumbling into a Powder when rubbed between the Fingers, and not much inflaming the Tongue when tailed ; that fr-hich is ponderous and black is either the exprefled Juice of the whole Plant, or adulterated; for further Direc¬ tions as to the Choice of this neceflary Medicine, fee The Hi/lory ojj Drugs , pag. 315 and 2 6 . From what Diofcorules fays of the Scam¬ mony, lib. 4, cap. 165. we learn three Things; ill, That the Scammony of the Ancients was the Juice of a rough hairy Bindweed, different from the Syrian Bind¬ weed described above. 2dly, That it was milder, for the fmallefl Dole which he preferibes, is two Oboli, or gr. 24. To dif- charge bilious and phlegmatic Humours, he orders 31 of the Juice, and for a more effrdlual Evacution, three Oboli or gr. XXXVI. of Scammony, two Oboli or XXIV gr. of black Hellebore, with 31 of Aloes, which makes Matthiolus fufpedf, either that the Text is here corrupted, or that we have now no pure unfophiflicated Scammony fent us. 3dly, That the An¬ cients ufed it, not only as a Purgative, but externally in their Ointments and Li¬ niments, for the Scab, Leprofy, and other Deformities of the Skin, for confirmed Head-aches, to difTolve hard and fchirrous Tumours, and for Iciatic Pains. Scammony enters as a Stimulus in moft purging Compofltions; as in the Eledlua- ry of Prunes, the Eledfuary of Dates, and the Beneditta Laxativa , or blefTed laxative Electuary. The next Species which is of ufe in Phy- • fick, is the Convolvulus Indicus , alatus, maximuSy foliis Ibifco nonnihil Jimilibus y Tur- bith officinarum, or the great Indian Bind¬ weed, with Leaves like tliofe of the Marfli- mallows, called the Turbith of the Shops y the Bark or Root of this Plant feparated from the Pith, is only ufed in the Shops. The Roots chymically analyzed yield a vo¬ latile Salt, Oil and Earth; the Infufion thereof tindtures the blue Paper with a reddifh Colour, after the fame Manner as Salt Armoniac; they contain befides a glutinous Juice, which is wholly deftroyed by the Operation of the Fire; they purge powerfully grofs and clammy Humours, which they draw from the moll remote Ex¬ tremities, and are therefore highly benefi¬ cial in all chronic Difeafes, efpecially the Gout, Allhma, Dropfy, Lcproly, the Ve¬ nereal Diflemper, &c. but as they are apt to caufe loathing and vomiting, they ought to be corredled with Ginger, Cardamome,. Cinnamon, Fennel, Grains of Paradile, &c. they are not to he given to Children, nor Women with Child ; the Dole in Sub- fiance is from 911 to 9 IV* but in In¬ fufion 'i The Complect Herbal Sj fufion from to $111. their purging Quality depends upon a Salt Armoniac in¬ volved in Sulphur and Earth. There is an Extract prepared from Turbith by the Spi¬ rit of Wine. Dofe from 9(3 to 31. and a Vinegar recommended againft the Plague, which is made by infufing Turbith, Rue, Myrrh, Aloes, &c. in Vinegar: It enters as an Ingredient in the Ele&uary of Dates, in the Blefl'ed Laxative, Diacarthamum, and in the Ele#uary of Citrons, &c . When the Roots are frefh, they com¬ monly choofe thofe that are thick, full of a milky Juice, and a refmous Gum ; but as they are brought over to us dry from the Eaft-Indies, and other Parts, we are to chufe thofe that are well cleanfed, tough, and difficult to break, brown on the Out- fide, and whitifh within, heavy, and gummous; fuch as are white, eafily. bro¬ ken, worm-eaten, and light, are to be re¬ medied. Authors have very much differ’d about this Plant; it was entirely unknown to Diofcorides , but Mefue mentions it in his fecond Book of fimple Medicines, affirm¬ ing it to be the Root of a milky Plant, with the Leaves of Fennel-Giant, but Jeffer; whence a great many have miftaken the Thapfia for the Turbith, and ufe the Roots of it inffead of the true Turbith ; but as they are apt to inflame the Jaws and Stomach, they ought firff to be fieeped in Vinegar, or rather altogether difufed, be- caufe of their violent Operation, and the horrid Symptoms which they caufe, fuch as cruel Gripings, and dangerous Convul- fions. The Convolvulus Awericanus Mechoacan dittw, Ray s American Bindweed, called Mechoacan , is the only remaining Specfes, remarkable for its phy fleal Ofes: Some Au¬ thors have wrote entire Volumes upon the Faculties of this Angle Plant, as ,Everartns at Antwerp, in the Year 1587, and Gor- r&us at Paris ; and have launched out into hyperbolic commendations of its Virtues : Its Roots purge watry and ferous Humours from all Parts of the Body, efpecially from the Head, Lungs, and Nerves, mildly, and without the leaff Violence ; fo that it may be fafely given both to young and del, in Cachexies, Catarrhs, Drcpfies, the Ve¬ nereal Diffemper, &c . The purging Faculty of Mechoacan pro¬ ceeds from its Sulphur, and pungent Salt; yet it* cathartic Power is very much blunt¬ ed by a copious Quantity of Earth; fo that it purges gently, removes obftru#ions, and purifies the Blood ; whence it is com¬ mended in the Jaundice, Scurvy, Gout, and the other Diftempers already mention¬ ed!- It is given to Children to the Quan¬ tity. of ${$, to thofe of riper Years to *1 or 3If, and to fuch as are of a.robuft Conftitution to $/*, in any proper Vehicle. It may be given either in Subfbnce, or in Infufion ; the Infufion is for the moff Part made in Wine, if there be r.o figns o! a Fever, and if there be, in the Water of Endive: Yea, and then to be ufed with Caution; it is feldom'or never given in Deco# ion, for in boiling it lofes its ca¬ thartic Force. An Extra# and a Rofin are prepared from Mechoacan , either with white Wine, or Spirit of Wine, the Dofe whereof is from 9 /? to Mechoacan is an ingredient in the catho- lick Extra# of Vicardus y in the famous Hy- dragog of Rhenodatu, and in the Hy dr agog .Syrup of Charras-, the ancient Phyficians were entirely ignorant of it ; we are in¬ debted to the Spanijb Phyficians and Sur¬ geons for the firff Dilcovery; they firff: brought it into Europe from the • Spanifh Weft-Indies. It grows, as we have already mentioned, in Mechoacan , an lfland of New-Spain, in South-America ; but that which grows up¬ on the Continent in the Province of Nica¬ ragua, is the beff and moff vajuable; the Inhabitants .fend it over cut into round flat flices; it ought to be cholen found, folid, knd compa#, white and heavy. TABLE II. GENUS VI. Tithymalus, Spurge, a Plant with a Flower of one entire Leaf, ABC, of the globous Bell (hape, E 2 cut i8 The Compleat Herbal . cut into fevcral Segments, and encompaffed with two little Leaves D E, M N, which feem to perform the Office of a Flower- Cup ; the Pointal F G, which is for the moil part triangular, riles from the Bot¬ tom of the Flower, and is afterwards changed into a Fruit H of the fame Shape, divided into three feminal Cells, enclofing Seeds I K, of an oblong Figure L. Its Species are, Tree-Spurge, Tithymaltts arboreits Profip. Alpin. Exot. 60. This is what Cafpar Bau- Uin calls Tithymalus my rt if olios arboreta , Myrtle-leaved Tree-Spurge, Pin. 290. and what JjoknBatibin Names Tithymahts Den- dr oides, 3. 675. This Tree-Spurge rifeth with an upright Stem-, as big as a Man's Thumb, from the Bottom, where for about half a Foot it.is bare of Leaves; then it ftretches out kitofeveral Branches, thick as ones Finger, whereon are fet long narrow Leaves: The Flowers and Seed are yellow.. It grows up^ ©n Rocks and* Precipices; Ray found it in the mountainous Parts above Mejfina in Sicily. Broad-leaved, Garden Tree-Spurge; it. iprings from the Seed of the former, but its Leaves are larger. Tree-Spurge, with a tuberous or knobby Root, loiter Leaves, and a rough warty Seed, ( the Mouth, &.cj. 4 ° The Compleat Herbal. SECT. IV. Of Herbs , with a Flower of one entire Leaf , in the Shape of a Bell , and a Pointal changing into one fmgle Seed. TABLE IX. Fig. i. GENUS I. Rhabarbarum, Rhubarb, ]S a Plant with a Flower ABC, of one -*■ entire Leaf, in the fhape of a Bell, and cut into feveral Segments: From its Bot¬ tom rifes the pointal D, which afterwards turns thicker E, and contains a triangular Seed F G, which when ripe, adheres fo clofely to its triangular Husk H, that it can’t be feparated from it. I know but one Species of the Rhubarb, The Rhubarb, probably of Difcorides and the Ancients, Rhabarbarum forte Diofcoridis & Antiquorum ; the Rhaponticum of Projper Alpinus . Exot. 187 . At its firft Appearance out of the Ground, in the Beginnings of the Spring, from a thick, fungous or fpungy, and yel¬ low Root, it fends up a great round, brownifh Head, which by little and little difclofes Leaves, fucceflively opening 5 the Leaves when they fir ft (hoot, are very much contra&ed into folds and wrinkles; but afterwards, as they gradually extend and ttretch, the Furrows into which they were crumpled, arc fmoothed, and they appear very large and of a roundifh Shape, Handing upon Footftalks of a dark-red Co¬ lour, about the Thickncfs of a Mans Thumb, and two Foot in length, when the Plant meets with a fertile Soil ; they are two Foot in length, and of an equal Breadth, of a dark Green, when young of a lighter Green, thicker than thofe of the common great round-leaved Dock, of a 1 fowrifh Tafte, but more agreeable than that of the Wood or Garden-Sorrel; from among the Leaves there rifes, but not eve¬ ry Year, a ftrong and thick Stalk, not fo high as that of the Monks Rhubarb, co¬ vered with fuch like round Leaves, but fmaller, which fhoot from every Joint to the Top, even among the Flowers, which are of a white Colour, and divided into fix Segments, with many little white Threads or Stamina within; they are fuc- ceeded by triangular Seeds of a brownifh Colour: The Root in procefs of Time grows to a confiderable Thicknefs, and fpreads into various Branches, of a dark reddifh Colour without; under the out¬ ward Bark there lies a thin Membrane or Skin that lines the internal Pulp or Sub- ftance, which peeled off, the Root appears naked, with many flefhy Veins winding and traverfing it, of fo frefh and lively a Colour, that the choiceft Rhubarb brought to us from China and the Indies feems not to furpafs it ; if it is cut into flices, and thefe carefully dried by the Heat of a gentle Fire, fo as not to touch one another, they retain their Colour, fre(h as at' firft, and when chewed, give a yellow Tin&ure to the Spittle. It is called Rhabarbarum , a Word im¬ porting a Root which grows among the barbarous Nations; for ’tis found near to the River Rha, known by the Name of Wolga in Mojcovy. It has been learnedly controverted by thfc Botanifts, whether the Rhapontick of the Ancients, and the Rhubarb of the Mo¬ derns, is one and the fame Plant; fome af¬ firming, and others denying that there is any Agreement: The Realonings upon both fides, too tedious, and indeed not neceflary, here to tranfcribe, may be feen at full . length The Cornpleat Herbal 41 length in the Appendix to the fecondTome of J. Bauhinuss Hijlory of Plants ; the De- fcription of the Rhapontic,"given by Diof- corides , is as follows : Rha or Rheum, called by the Latins Rha- pontic, grows in thofe Countries that lie above the Bofphorus, from whence it is brought; the Root is black, like to that of the greater Centaury,but fmaller, of a dark¬ er red Colour, fungous, fomewhat light, and without fcent; that is beft which is not worm-eaten, that is clammy and aftrin- gent to the Taftc, and that tintfures the Spittle with a Yellow, inclining to a Saffron Colour when chewed : Befides, Diofcorides afcribes no purgative Quality to it; the Rhubarb now in ufe is the Root of a Chi - nefe Plant, accurately defcribed by Mun- tingins, and which in the Opinion of a great many was entirely unknown to Diof- corides and Galen ; it is a compad Body, heavy and dry, of a bitter Tafte, a fharp and aromatic Smell, upon the Outfide of a dark brownifh Colour, within from a Brown inclining to a Yellow, and nearly approaching to the internal Colour of Nutmeg, when chewed dying the Spittle of a Saffron Colour; the Rhapontic, is not of a denfe nor compadt Subftance, but rare and of a thin Texture, not heavy, but light; not dry and brittle, but tough ; not bitter, but of a fharpifh Tafte; not fcent- ed, nor in colour refembling the modern Rhubarb: Thefe Reafons induced Matthio- lus, and many others, to conclude, the Rhabarbarum .a Plant entirely different from the Rhapontic; yet notwithftanding this feeming difagreement, it is highly probable, as Parkinfon juftly infxnuates, that the Roots which were commonly brought in the Times of Diofcorides and Galen, were the long Branches of the greater Roots of Rhu¬ barb, dried, without feparating the exter¬ nal Bark or Rind, which made* them of a blackifh Appearance, and not the great thick Roots now ufed; perhaps too they were adulterated, as Galen gives ground to believe, by being fteeped or boiled in Wa¬ ter for fome Time, to extrad the ftrongeft Juice, and then dried; this might render them of a blackifh Colour and fpongy, light and without fmell, and ftrip them of their purgative Powers; from hence Par* hnfon concludes, That the Rhapontic was either a fmall kind of Rhubarb, or the bigger Branches of the great Roots of Rhu¬ barb, the Colour and Faculties being fo much alike. The fame Author declares himfelf of Opinion,' That the modern Rhubarb, or the genuine Rhubarb of the Shops, is the Root of a great round*leaved exotic Dock; And Ray, who in his Hiftory affirmed the Rhapontic of the Ancients and the mo¬ dern Chinefe Rhubarb to be altogether dif¬ ferent, in his Supplement declares himfelf of another Opinion, and that with Herman and others he believes it to be a great round-leaved exotic Dock, or Thracian Rhapontic; and not the Root of that Plant defcribed by Muntingius , under the title of Rhabarbarum Chinenje longifolium , &c. he adds, That lie obferved two Varieties of it, the one having its triangular Seed loofe in the Husk, and the other having them inse¬ parably joined thereto; we fhall infift no longer upon this difpute, but leave the De- cifion to more accurate Botanifts, and ha- flen to the more ufeful Part, the Powers and Virtues of this Root. There are two forts of it commonly fold, the one comes from the Levant, and is hea¬ vy, ftreaked and marbled with golden or reddilli Veins, bitter and aftringent to the Tafte, of an aromatic Smell, a more lively Yellow, and if wetted and rubbed upon the Skin, it gives it a Saffron Colour ; the other is brought from Mofcovy , it is hea¬ vier and of a more dark yellow Colour; the fir ft is efteemed the beft, and is endow¬ ed with nobler Virtues; Garcias , Acofta, and Linfchotams agree, That no other Country but China naturally produces the true Rhubarb, that from thence it is brought thro’ Tart ary to Ormuz, and Alep¬ po, from thence to Alexandria , and hence to V 1 enice ; or by Usbekin into Turly, and from thence to Venice . Rhubarb of the Ancients, or the Rha- pontic of Profper Alpinus purges moderate¬ ly, the cathartic Power being not fo ftrong as in the Modern, fo that it muft be given in a greater Quantity, in Powder to $11 or ?/*, but in Infufion to Jl. It is efteemed more powerfully aftringent, and therefore no contemptible Medicine in Loofeneffes G and 42 The Compleat Herbal. and Dyfentcries; it is likewife vulnerary binds. I know that when chewed, befides and Anodyne. that agreeable bitter that offers it leif to the The Chinefe or modem Rhubarb, chymi- Tafle, and leems to point out its cathartic cally analyzed, is found to abound with a Virtue, a certain Sharpnels, like to that volatile oily Salt, involved in a confidera- which is obferved in whatever we call ble Quantity of Earth; whence it is, that aftringent, ftrikes the Tongue, which has it produces no change as to colour upon given Ground for this attribute of aftrin- the blue Paper; it purges gently, asd is gency: But to this Day it has never been adminillred with Succefs in all Fluxes of demonftrated, that the Panicles w hich caule the Felly, the yellow Jaundice, and Fevers that Senfation of Sharpnels upon the occafioned from Worms; it may be given Tongue, produce in the Ventricle and in- in Subftance from to $1; in Infulion teftinal DuCl an Imprellion Tufficient to from 51 to 5II or %TII. Schroder makes an bind, and to make them enter into Con- extract of it with Endive, Succory or A- tra&ions oppolite to thofe which deter- grimony Water, lharpened with fome mined the Flux of the Humours down- Drops of the Oil of Tartar per Deliquium • wards, as we find in the lppecacoana , which Dofe from 91 to : There is likewife a manifeftly purges and binds at the fame Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb: It is Time; nor is it eafy to perl wade, That aA commonly corrected, but to little purpofe, ter having attempted to ftrip the Rhubarb with the Saunders; Cinnamon or Fret Salt of its purgative Force, there remains no- is better, or fome Drops of the effential thing but an aftringent Quality. Oils, fuch as Anifeed, or the like, how- I own that torrified Rhubarb is almoft ever it needs no Correctives, it being little in no Degree purgative, and that after ha- or nothing bettered thereby, unlefs it be ving drawn the TinCture of this Root, the to render the vifeous Humours adhering to refidue is not in the leal! Cathartic; but the Inteftines more fluid, and fo fitter for by all the repeated Experiences which 1 Evacuation; when tolled J t is fa id it Jofes have made to illuftrate and clear up this all its purgative Faculties, and becomes Matter, I could never find, after thefe wholly aliringent; among the other admi- two, or fuch like Preparations, any table Virtues aferibed to this Medicine, Grounds to believe the Rhubarb a certain this is commonly affirmed, That it is not Aliringent. only purgative, but at the fame Time It is certain that in all the Purgatives of aftringent: For the Satisfaction of the Cu- which the TinCtures have been drawn by a rious we fhall here fubjoin the Experiences proper Menftrmnt, befides that Subftance of and Obfervations of Mon. Bolduc, upon this a Honey-like Confidence, called the Ex- Rpot, communicated to the Academy of traCl, we meet with a fecond earthy Sub- Scierices at Paris, which feem to contradict fiance, which is the Faces or Lees, that this received Opinion. ferves to curb the AClivity of the other. We know from experience, fays he, that while they remain united, and which is this Root is a moft gentle and effedlual not at all purgative; we mull then upon Purger; but it is commonly affirmed, this bottom own the Refidue or Faces or all That it is at the fame Time aftringent; the Purgatives to be aliringent, which has from whence it is concluded, That in purg- not hitherto been affirmed ; becaufe a Me- ing it binds and fortifies, and that by cer- dicine muft fenfibly bind, and be employ- tain Preparations it may be wholly ftripp’d ed with fuccefs in fluxes, before that it of its cathartic Power, and remain entire- can be efteemed an Aftringent. 1 y aftringent, as if in its natural State it I fhall therefore now report fuch Obfer- were compoled of two Parts, which may rations as I lately made upon the Rhubarb, be eafily feparated and divided. by the different TinCtures or Extractions, The purgative Faculty of this Root can- and by Diftillation. not be contefted; but I think "t will be I infufed two Ounces of choice Rhu- hard to prove by clear Evidence and con- barb cut into flices, into twenty-four Oun- vincing EflfeCts, that it ftrengthens and ces of pure River-Water, for the Space of “" ' twenty- The Compleat Herlah 43 twenty-four Hours, upon hot Alhes, main¬ taining always an equal Degree of Heat; I afterwards drained off the Infufion, which I gently (trained; the TinCture, when it was fully fettled, was of a beautiful deep Yellow, fomewhat inclining to a Red, and of a fupportable Bitternefs, with a moderate Sharpnefs or AdriCtion: I did not boil this Infufion, being fully perfwad- ed by repeated Experience, that purgative Medicines, efpecially thofe that are of the vegetable Kingdom, lofe much of their Force and Virtue by too great a Degree of Heat or Ebullition : Having evaporated this TinCture to the Confidence of an Ex¬ tract, there remained four Drachms and twelve Grains. A Drachm of the TinCture of Rhubarb, prepared as I have already fpecified, purges more powerfully than tyvo Drachms of the Extract from the fame TinCture ; yea, twen¬ ty-four Grains of Rhubarb ire Subdance purges more effectually than a Drachm of the Extract; the fame has been obferved of Senna and feveral other Purgatives of that Nature ; from whence we may conclude, That 'tis often better to ufe Medicines, luch as Nature has produced them, with¬ out refolving and diluniting their condi¬ ment Parts and Principles, un-lefs a Phyfi- cian has particular Realons foraging other- wife. I give it too as a fure Remark, that the Infufions of the vegetable Purgatives w r ork more effectually than their DecoCtions; from whence it appears, That the mod' aCtive Principles of thofe mixed Bodies are diflipatcd by the Heat; we find too, That the mod Part of thofe Vegetables, if kept too long, efpecially in powder, lofe much of their Force and Energy. But to refume the Thread of our Opera¬ tion, having dried the remaining Part of the Rhubarb from whence I had drawn that fird TinCture and ExtraCt, I found it to weigh one Ounce, three Drachms and fome Grains, and I drew a TinCture from it by fiinple infufion: This lecond Tin¬ cture w r as not of lodeep a Yellow, Id's bit¬ ter and Ids tharp to the Talte, and in fine Ids lcentcd than the preceding, which it very much relembled; but I have obferved upon feveral Occafions, that thofe lecond TinCtures were more weak in their Opera¬ tion than the fird, tho’ given to a greater Dofe, nor did I ever remark any Adrin- gency in them. After having evaporated this fecond Tin¬ cture fufficiently Separated from its Faces, I had three Drachms of a pretty folid Ex¬ tract; *tis true, this ExtraCt was purgative, but remarkably in a lefler Degree than that of the fird TinCture. The Refidue of this fecond Infufion be¬ ing dried, weighed but feven Drachms, it was almod infipid, and had but a very lit¬ tle Sharpnefs or AdriCtion. I repeated, however, a third Infufion by Ebullition; the DeccCtion was of a dark blackifh Colour, without Smell, little or no Tade, and almod no AdriCtion. I never obferved that either this third TinCture or its ExtraCt was cathartic or adringent, aliho* taken to a very large Quantity : I obtained from this third In¬ fufion or DecoCtion a Drachm of hard Ex¬ tract, but of no proper Confidence, and very earthy; this lad Remainder, when well dried, wanted fome Grains of fix Drachms, was without all T^de and’ Smell, and gave no tin&ure to the Spirit of Wine. I have often adminidred to Patients that refiduous Subdance of the Rhubarb, but never perceived it pofleffed of any aHrin- gent Power from any fenfible EffeCt. By thefe three Infufions the two Ounces of Rhubarb yielded an Ounce and twelve Grains of ExtraCt. This is all I obferved of the Rhubarb examined by a watry Diffolvent, I (hall now let down what I found from a ful- phurous Diflohrent. I drew by a fufficient Quantity of the rectified Spirit of Wine the TinCture of one Ounce of Rhubarb, in proper Veflcls by a digedive Fire, flow at the Beginning, but lbtnewhat (tronger towards the end of the Operation, for the Space of twenty'four Hours: The TinCture was of a beautiful citron Colour, very much differing from that which was drawn with Wafer, not only as to the Colour, but likewife as to the Tade ; for this TinCture, drawn with the Spirit of Wine, has but a little Bitter- pds, and almod without any Degree of G 2 Sharp- 44 The Comp lea t Herbal . Sharpnefs or Stiptkity ; which may incline us to believe, that the purgative Faculty of this Root depends more upon its Salts than its Sulphurs, which mull be in it but in an inconfiderable Quantity, feeing the Tin¬ cture was but little impregnated $ yea, I am apt to fufpeCt that this linal 1 TinCture which the Spirit of Wine drew, was owing to fome remains of Phlegm, which the Spirit of Wine imbibes, however re¬ ctified it appears to be. Having drawn off the Spirit from the TinCture by Diftillation, the remaining TixtraCt weighed a Drachm and a half; it was of a fine Colour; of a good Smell, and left the true Tafte of Rhubarb upon the Tongue; half a Drachm of this ExtraCt purges gently. This Tinaure wherewith the Spirit of Wine is charged, does not turn of a milky Colour by the Mixture of Water, which clearly fhows that it contains but few, or no refinous Particles. Tiie refiduous Part thro* which the Spi¬ rit of Wine had pafled, when throughly dried, weighed fix Drachms, and remained of as beautiful a Colour ; almoft as bitter and ftiptic to the Tafte as the Rhubarb it felf before the Operation. I have often adminiftred half a Drachm of this refiduous Subftance, which purged as effectually as an equal Dofe of the Rhu¬ barb; but it had not always the fame Ef¬ fect, tho* it never failed to purge. With Water I took the TinCture and Ex- trait of this remaining Part, they are both purgative in the fame Degree with the firft that I named. In the laft Tinctures of this Refidue I obferved fo little virtue that I feldom or never ufed them. 1 fhall add, That by the molt exaCt Exa¬ mination of all thefe TinCtures and Ex¬ tracts, the firft Infufion and ExtraCt con¬ tained what was molt purgative and aftrin- gent in the Rhubarb, feeing both of them are more bitter, and more (harp and ftiptic than the others. The Diftillation of Rhubarb by the Re¬ tort after the ordinary Manner, gave me but finall Satisfaction, as I ftill found it in all the Purgatives thus diftilled: From Rhubarb thus diftilled, I drew by the firft Degree of Heat a Phlegm which had fome fine 11 of the Root, fome fmall Sharpnefs and Tafte; the other Parts which followed had Degrees of Acidity : The laft yielded no Oil; for mixed Subftances which con¬ tain but few refinous Particles, give but a fmall Quantity of Oil by Diftil lation ; the Salt extracted from the Caput Alortmm^ was but little, and fermented with acids. By all thefe Experiences it appears to me, That we are equally uncertain and igno¬ rant of any aftringent Quality in the Rhu¬ barb, as we are fure of its purgative Power; the firft is only bottomed upon that fmall Degree of Sharpnefs and Stipti-. city obferved in the Tafte; tofted Rhubarb contains nothing but an earthy drofl'y Sub- ftance, the certain Properties whereof lie yet concealed ; fo that if in a Flux of the Belly the Patient feels himfelf more relieved after the ufe of Rhubarb, than of any other purgative Medicine, it is owing to this; that Rhubarb for the moft Part occafions neither gripings nor naufeating, and that in difengaging the Veffels from the Hu¬ mours which obftruCt and load them, it fets the Springs at liberty to refume their natural Tenfion and Direction. Memoira 4 e I'Acadmie de l’Ann 1710. SECT. The Compleat Herbal. 45 SECT. V. Of Herbs , with a monopetalous bell-fhaped Flower , whofe Poin- tal changes into a Fruit compofed of federal little Sheaths or Hush. TABLE IX. Fig. 2. G E N U S I. Cotyledon, Navel-wort , a Plant with a Flower of one entire Leaf A, of the long, hollow, or tubu¬ lar Bell-fhape, and cut into various Seg¬ ments: The Pointal C, which pierces the bottom Part of the Flower, riles from the Flower-Cup B, and is afterwards changed into a Fruit D, compofed of l'everal little Husks, colle&ed into a Button or Head, opening from the Bafe to the Top up¬ wards, and enclofing a Seed F, for the moft Part of a very finall and diminutive Size. Its Species are, The greater Navel-wort, Cotyledon major of C.B. Pin . 285. This is the true Navel- wort, with a tuberous or knobby Root, Co¬ tyledon vera, rad ice tuber of <1 of J.B. 3. 683. and the Cotyledon , Umbilicus Generis, Cotyledon or ^ww-Navcl, of Cluftus. Hift. LXIII. From a tuberous Root fet with feveral fmall Fibres, it fends up feme Footftalks, a Hand-breadth in length, which are fixed in the Centre of a thick, round Leaf, hol¬ low upon the upper fide like a Spoon or Saucer, full of Juice, vifeous and watry to the Tafte, and of a pale green Colour 5 from among thefe Leaves two or three Stalks Ihoot, half a Foot in height, fometimes fmgle and undivided, fometimes branched, and deck’d from top to bottom with many little pendulous Flowers, of a grafTy Co¬ lour and^ontave, like to thofe of the Poly- gonatum or Salomons Seal, but fmaller; the Seed is very fmall, and like to that of Purflain; the Leaves which are at the Bot¬ tom of the Stalk, two or three at moft in Number, are not, like the others, round' and circular, but fqmewhat long, nor is the Footftalk fixed in the Centre, but at the Side of the Leaf: It is found in many Parts of England , efpecially in the Weft, < upon ftone and mud Walls, upon Rocks alfo and ftony Grounds, at the Bottom of old Trees, and fometimes upon the rotten and decayed Trunks; it ufually Flowers about the Beginning of May , and the Seed - ripens quickly after, fo that about the end- of May the Leaves and Stalks are withered and gone until September r when theyfpring again, and fo continue all Winter ; this is probably the KOTvteJtiv of Diofcorides. Great Portugal Navel-wort, Cotyledon ma¬ jor Lufttanica : This is the greateft Portugal Navel-wort - Maximum Lufitanicum in the Viridar. Lujitanic. This Sort has paler green Leaves, as Par - hnjon informs us. Navel-wort, with a long, creeping tu- * berous Root, Cotyledon , radice tuber of a, Ion - ga, repent e. Morif. H. R. Blef This is the Navel-wort, with a yellow Flower, and a creeping tuberous Root, flore luteo i radice repente, in Dodart's Memoirs. A. R. Par. 73. * The Leaves of this Sort are jagged, and the Intervals between the Jags lomewhat - toothed or dented, they are green all the * Winter, wither and decay in May ; the Stalk is round, firm, and of a reddifh Co¬ lour, fet with Tome few fmaller Leaves, and divided into three or four Branches, which are loaded with Flowers of a yellow Colour, cut into five Segments, fupported ' by a greenifh Cup, and ftand in Spikes; frotp $6 The Compleat Herbal. from its Middle rife five little narrow and (trait Husks, of a greenifh Colour, filled with very linall red Seeds; they are fur- rounded by five citron-coloured Threads or Stamina, with their Chives; it flo\vers ip June. Navel-wort, of a middle Size, and a yellow Flower, Cotyledon flora luteo, media. H. Lugd. Bat. Shrubby African Navel wort, with round Leaves, edged with a purple Rim, - A- fricana fr ate fee ns, folds orbiculatis, limbo pur- pureo cinttis : This is the Sedum Africanum , frutefeens, incanum , orbiculatis folds , or the fhrubby African Houle-Leek, with round Leaves and hoary, of Herman in his Cata¬ logue. H. Lugd. Bat. Round-leaved Ajrican Navel-wort, with a tnoft beautiful Flower - Africana tere - tifolia, flore pulcherrimo : This is tile Sedum Africanum teretifolium , flore Hcmerocallidis c Codice Comptoniano , Round-leaved African Houle-Leek, with a Flower like to that of the Hemerocallts. Pluknet. Phytog. Tab. 223. Fig. 1. African Navel-wort,with longifh Leaves, Flowers (landing in knots or tufts, and a fibrous Root, Cotyledon Africana, folds oh - longis, floribus umbellatis , fibrofa radice: This is the Sedum Africanum, umbelhtum , album , folds Gentiana cruciata anguflioribus. Prodr. Farad. Bat. Sea Navel-wort, with a Houfe Leek Leaf, an incarnate Flower, and a fibrous Root - Maritima , fedi folio , flore cameo, fibrofa radice. Great Na vel- wort of Candy, with a white Flower; it is a Variety of the firfi and common Sort. Great Navel-wort of Candy % with a pur¬ ple Flower; it is a Variety of the firft and common Sort. Navel-wort of Candy, with a tuberous Root, and a linall yellow Flower. The following Plants are to excluded from this Genus; Cotyledon media, folds fub- rotundis , C. B. Pin. 285. It is a Species of the Geum or Avens. Cotyledon media , folds oblon - gifferratis , C. B. Pin . 285. It is a Species of the Saxifrage : Cotyledon media , fubhirfuta , floribus punttatis, C. B. Pin. 28^. it feenis to Oe a Species of the Saxifrage: Cotyledon mi¬ nor, folds fubrotrtndis, ferratis, C. B. Prod tom. 3 133. 'tis a Species of the Saxifrage : Cotyle¬ don flellata , C. B. Pin . 285. ’tis a Species of the Houfe-Leek. The Roots of all the Species of the Coty* ledon or Navel-wort are lor the moft Part knobby, the Leaves thick and fhaped like a Saucer, whence it derived the Name of Co¬ tyledon , for the Greek word Kotvkh fignifies a Cavity, or whatever is hollow; yet thefe don’t conftitute the proper Charade- riftick of this Genus, for among the enu¬ merated Species, fome there are which have flat Leaves, and others which have a fi¬ brous Root. ’Tis the firfi Species which is of common Ufe; the following Virtues are aicribed to it by Diofcorides; the Juice mixed with Wine and drop’d into, or the Part being therewith anointed, cures a Pbimojis , tvs fv cLtdctoit, contetta genitalia nudat , re¬ duces the Prepuce: It is uleful in all In¬ flammations, St. Anthony s Fire, the King’s Evil, and to remove Chilblains and kibed Heels, being externally applied; it cools the Heat of the Stomach : The Leaves eaten together with the Root are laid to break the Stone, and to be diuretic ; they are given with Honey to Inch as are Hydropic: The Herb is tried in Philtres. Galen fays, That it is of mixed Qualities, moifl and cold, lomewhat afiringent, and gently bitter; that it very much cools, cleanles, repels, and difeufieth, and conle- quently is highly beneficial in Erefipelas , and Erefipelatous Tumours and Inflamma¬ tions, and allays the burning and preterna¬ tural Heat of the Stomach. It agrees in virtues with the Houfe Leek, and therefore is deterfive, aflringent, and repercuflive, and may be employed after the fame Manner, and in the lame Ca¬ lcs; a Gargarilm of the dirtilled Water of this Plant may be ufed with Succels in a Squinancy, applying externally its Leaves bruifed together with River Crabs ; the Leaves of this Plant are likewile applied to remove Corns and gouty Nodes; and its ]uice with that of River Crabs may be ulefully adminifired by way of Injection in a Defcent of the Womb, and to cleanle cavernous or fiflulous Ulcers ; it isefteem- ed Angularly good againfl the Piles ; if they are bathed with the Juice thereof, or t ) IL. . V The Cmpledi Herbal. 47 if ’tis made into an Ointment with other convenient Ingredients, and fo uied, it tempers the Heat, and allay* and removes the Pain. TABLE X, XI. GENUS II. Apocynum, Dogs-Bane, TS the Genus of a Plant with a monope- A talous Bell-fhaped Flower, but not al¬ together the fame in the feveral Species: So that it requires a feparate Defcription. 1. In fome Species the Flower AC is of die Bell-(hape, and cut into feveral Seg¬ ments ; from its Flower-Cup E rifes the Pointal F, which is fixed like a Nail in the back Part B D of the Flower, and is after¬ wards changed into a Fruit compofed for the moft Part of two Husks or Sheaths G H, opening from the Bafe to the Top I KM, and enclofing many Seeds N, which are pappous or covered with a fine Down, and affixed to a rough Placenta L. 2. In other Species the Flower is like- wife of the Bell-fhape I, but inverted and divided into feveral Segments; and its Centre is filled by a little Head or Button of an elegant Texture 2, compofed of five little horned Leaves circularly difpofed; the Pointal 4, which is fixed like a Nail in the lowermoft Part of the Button 3, rifes from the Flower-Cup 5, and is afterwards transformed into a Fruit 6 , which for the moft Part confifts of two Husks, opening from the Bale to the Top 7, 8, and enclo¬ sing feveral Seeds lying in fuch an order as to imitate the Difpofition of Scales or Tiles n, covered with a fine Down 12, and ad¬ hering to a leafy Placenta , 9, 10. To thefe Chara&erifticks we muft add* That all the Species of the Apocynum or Dogs* Bane abound with a milky juice. Its Species are. Broad-leaved Egyptian Dogs-Bane, up¬ right and hoary, with Saffron-coloured Flowers, Apocymim eteftum, inedntim 1 , lari i folium, y£gyptiacum,^flbribus croceis . Par. Eat. This is the Apocymm ^Egyptiacum, la- ftejeens , filtqua Afclepiadis , or ^Egyptian Dogs-Bane, full ot a milky juice, with i Husk like to that of the Swallow-wort of C B. Pin . 303. The Beideljdr of Alpinw or Syrian Dogs-Bane of J • B. 2. 136. and the Beidelfar of Profper Alpinus. i/£gypt. 36. Upright Dogs-Bane, broad-leaved, and hoary, of Malabar , with Flowers from a white inclining to an agreeable Purple, A - pocynttm ereftum, incanum , latifolium, Ma- labaricum , fioribus ex albo fuave-purpurafeen- tibus, Par. Bat . This is the broad-leaved Egyptian Dogs-Bane, upright, and hoary, with large Flowers of a pale violet Colour, Apocymm latifolium tAZgyptiacum, incanum , er eft urn, fioribus magnis, patiide violaceis , iri the Prodrom. Par. Bat. and the Ericu in the Hortus Malabaricus. Part. 2. 53. Upright American Dogs-Bane, broad¬ leaved, and hoary, with Flowers from an incarnate inclining to an agreeable violet Colour, Apocymm ereftum , incanum, latifo- lium, Americanum,fioribus ex incarnato fuave- violaceis, Par ad Bat. This is the great, broad- leaved, upright Indian Dogs-Bane, with a large concave Flower, of an agreeable pur- pliih Colour, Apocymm ereftum , majus, la- tifolium, Indie urn , pore concavo , ampio , car- neo , fuave - pur pur afeente, of Breynius. Pr J- B. 2 . 134 . and the firft broad- leaved * Dogs-Bane of Cluftus. Hi ft. 124 . tnice Dogs-Bane growing upon the Sea- Coafts, with a Willow-Leaf, and a purple : Flower, Apocynum maritimum , Ve net urn, Salicis folio, flore purpureo : This is the Sea- Coaft Tithymal, with purplifh Flowers,: Tithymalus maritime , purpurafeenttbus flori - bus of C.B. Pin. 291 . The Alypum quibufdam five Efula rara } flore purpureo , the Alypum of fome Botanifts, or a rare Spurge, with, purple Flowers, according to J.B. 3. 676. The Efula rara e Lio Vwetorum Infuld , a rare Spurge from Lio an Ifland belonging: to the Venetians, of Lobel. Icon. 372. and the. Efula rara noftra , floribus purpurafeenttbus of Donati. 39 . Venice Dogs-Bane, growing upon the Sea-Coaft, with a Willow-Leaf, and a white Flower : This is the Tithymalus ma¬ rt timus five Efula rara^e Lio fCenetorum In¬ ful a, flore albo 7 Sea Tubymai, or a tare Sort ~ of The Compleat Herbal 49 of Spurge from Lio, an Ifland belonging to the Venetians, in the Catalogue of the Plants in the Royal Garden at Paris. H. R. Par. New • England Dogs - Bane, fomewhat rough and hairy, with a tuberous Root, and Orange-coloured Flower?, Apocynum Nova Anglia fubhirfutum, radice tuber of a, floribus Aurantiis , in the Appendix to the Catalogue of Plants in the Univerfity Gar¬ den at Leyden: This is the Apocynum ere - Rum, minus, latifolium , Americanum, flore umbellato , aurantio, petal is re flex is, radice tuberofd , or the lefler upright broad-leaved, American Dogs- Bane, with flowers d ifpofed in Umbels, of an Orange-colour, having their little feeming Petala or Leaves bent backwards, and a knobby Root. Breyn. Prodrom. 2 . Dogs-Bane of Curacao, with a fibrous Root, Orange-coloured Flowers, and nar¬ row Leaves, like thofeof the Cham&nerion or Rofe-bay Willow-Herb, Apocynum Curajfa- vicum , fibrofa radice, floribus Aurantiis , Cha- manerii foliis anguflioribtts. Prodr. Par. Bat. Pluknct. Phytog. fab. 76. Fig. 6 . This is the Apocynum Americanum Chamanerii foliis. Par, Bat. Dogs-Bane of Curacao, with a fibrous Root, Orange-coloured Flower, and broad¬ er Leaves, like thofe of the Role-bay Wil¬ low-Herb, Apocynum Curajfavicum, fibrofi radice , floribus Aurantiis , Cham H Shrubby # 50 The Commie at Herbal. Shrubby, Spanijh Dogs-Bane, with a Toad-flax Leaf, Apocymm Hifpanicum, fru- tefcens , linaria folio. Bithynian Dogs-Bane, with a roundifh Leaf, and climbing to the Height of the tailed Trees, Apocymm Bithynicum, arbores altiffimas /candens, folio fubrotundo. The Pe¬ riploca Litifolia of Wheeler. Itin. Dogs-Bane with a roundifh Leaf, difco- loured with a green and yellow intermix¬ ed, Apocymm folio fubrotundo, ex viridi & flavefcente variegato. It was called Apocymm d*o t« xwfa, the Dogs-Plant, fo the Compofition imports, becau fe.it s Leaves, as Diofcorides fays, baked with Flower into Bread and given to Dogs, proves to them an infallible Poifon. This Plant has no medicinal Virtues: Both Galen and Diofcorides affirm, that it is poifonous internally ufed; outwardly ap¬ plied it ferves to difcufs Tumours. TABLE XII. Fig. i. GENUS III. Periploca, the Genus of a Plant, with a monope- talous Flower A, that has its Brim much more expanded than that of the Dogs-Bane, fo that it approaches rather to the Shape and Figure of a Wheel: The Pointal C, which is fixed like a Nail in the back Part of the Flower B, rifes from the Flower-Cup C, and is afterwards changed into a Fruit fo nearly refembling that of the Dogs-Bane, that thefe two Genus’s are not ufually diflinguifhed by Botamfts. Its Species are, Periploca , with oblong Leaves, -- Fo¬ liis oblongis . This is the Apocymm folio oh- longo , Dogs-Bane with a longifh Leaf, of <*. B. Pin. 303. The Apocymm, five Periploca Jfcandens , folio oblongo, pore pur pur ante, climb¬ ing Dogs-Bane or Periploca , with an ob¬ long Leaf, and a purplifli Flower, ^f 3 . B. 2.133. and the Periploca altera , or lecpnd Periploca, tf Dodomns. Pempt . 408. Periploca with narrow, oblong Leaves, — Foliis oblongis , anguftioribus ; the Secamone of Profper At pirns. zAZgypt. Periploca of Montpelier , with rounder Leaves, - Monjpcliaca, foliis rotundioribw. This is the Scammonia Monfpeliaca foliis ro- tundioribw, Montpelier Scammony with round Leaves of C. B. Pin. 294. The Scam- monea Monfpeliaca flore parvo , Montpelier Scammony, with a lmall Flower of J.B. 2. 136. The Apocynum in. latifolium, Scammonea Valentina of Clufeus . Hifi. 126. and the Scammonia maritima Monfpeliaca , Sea-Coaft Scammony of Montpelier , of Ri¬ chter. O nomat. Periploca of Montpelier , with fharper pointed Leaves, - Monfpeliaca foliis acu- tioribus : This is the Scammonia Monfpeliaca affinis, foliis acutioribus of C. B. Pin. 294. The Apocymm latifolinm Amplexicanle , broad¬ leaved, climbing Dogs-Bane of J. B. 2. 135. and the third broad-leaved Dogs-Bane of Clnfitis. Hifi. 125. American Periploca , bearing a prickly Fruit, Periploca Americana , fruElu molliter ichinato. This is the Ibati of the Bra/ilians, according to Marcgrave. Edit. 1648. 20. American Periploca , with broad Leaves, and a long hard Husk or Pod, fmooth and fwoln, Periploca Americana , latifolia , filiqua dura, oblongis, tumid H & glabra : This is the Apocymm majus, fcandens, filiqua oblonga , tumtda & glabra, the great climbing Dogs- Bane, with an oblong Seed-Pod, fmooth and Iwoln, of Plumier. XCV. Climbing, American Periploca, with a very narrow Willow-Leaf, and a white Flower, Periploca Americana, fcandens, fa - lids folio anguftiffimo, flore albo. Plumier. American Periploca, having its Branches fpread upon the Ground, and a Toad* flax Leaf, Periploca Americana, humi fe fpargens, linaria folio. Plumier. Periploca Americana, repens, umbellata, foliis Citri } flore coccineo. Plumier. Climbing, American Periploca, with a Penny-wort Leaf, and a white Flower, Pe¬ riploca Americana, fcandens , nummulary fo- lio,J lore albo. Plumier. Climbing, American Periploca, with a Citron-Tree Leaf^ and the largeft Fruit, Periploca Americana, fcandens, folio Citri, fruttu maxirno. Plumier. Climb- 11U>. 14, . .Jo Penpl oca dWc CJ -r- Asclepias .Jrz?ri//o7v-?z7-oiH; <2,. ? t H The Cmpleat Herbal* 51 -Climbing, American Periploca, with a Bindweed-Leaf, and a winged Fruit, Pe- riploca Americana , fcandens, Convolvuli folio, fruclu alato. Plumier. It is called Periploca from the two M words 'srfcpi and which import a Plant that wreaths and winds it felf round every adjoining [Prop. TABLE XII. Fig. 2. GENUS IV. Afclepias, Swallow-wort, r a Plant with a monopetalous Flower A, in the iShape of a Bell, having its Brim fpread and expanded, and cut into feveral Segments: The Pointal E, which is fixed like a Nail in the back Part of the Flower B, (to which a little Head or But¬ ton C, divided into five Parts, corresponds) rifes from the Flower-Cup D, and is after¬ wards changed into a Fruit compofed for the moft Part of two membranous Husks F F, opening from the Bafe to the Top K, cndofing many Seeds H, which are cover¬ ed with a fine Down K, and fixed to the Placenta or nutritive Membrane I, like as Scales are difpofed upon the Skins of Fifties G. The Swallow-wort contains no milky Juice, and herein it differs from the Dogs- . Bane and Periploca. fts Species are. Swallow-wort with a white Flower, Afclepias fiore albo of C. B. Pin . 303. This is the Afclepias, Jive Vincetoxicum multis floribus albicantibus, Swallow-wort or Vincetoxicum, with many whitifti Flowers of J. B. 2. 138. and the Vincetoxicum of Vodoneus. Pempt. 407. The Root is compofed of many long white Fibres, of an unpleafant and nau- feous Tafte; it fends up feveral tough Stalks, which rife to the Height of two or three Foot, hairy, and full of Joints: At every Joint ftand two Leaves in oppofition upon Ihort upright Footftalks, fomewhat hairy about the Edges, in fhape like to thole of the Ivy, but longer and more wrinkled; from their Angles (hoot Foot¬ ftalks, which fupport the Flowers, each whereof, however, have little proper Foot¬ ftalks ; they are of a white Colour, and cut into five Segments, the Chives are of the fame Colour, and the Pointal green; they are fucceeded by Pods an Inch and a half in length, fometimes longer, which en- clofe a brownilh Seed wrapped up within a finefilken Down : It is found in feveral Parts of France, Italy , and Germany, in rough and uncultivated Grounds, andfuch as are mountainous. Cefalpin affirms, that the Juice of this Plant is milky, but Tournefort in his Hi - fioire des Plantes aux environs de Paris, aftures us, that he always found it clear and lim¬ pid : John Bauhin fays, the Flower confifts of five Leaves, whereas *tis compofed but of one deeply cut into five Segments; nor is it of a bright, but a dull White for the moft Part, Narrow-leaved Swallow-wort, with a ycllowifh Flower, Afclepias angujlifolia, flore flavefcente . H. R. Par. Swallow-wort with a black Flower, Af¬ clepias flore nigro, C. B. Pin. 303. This is tnc Afclepias flore nigro quorundam of J. B. 2. 140. The Apocynum of Columna. Phytob.iu* The Root is fibrous, not much unlike to that of the firft 5 the Stalks are pliant and fmooth, two or three Cubits high, and ve¬ ry much branched, by the Help whereof it twines and wreaths it felf round every Prop that Hands near to it; the Leaves are full of Juice, foft, of a green Colour, and fmooth, like thofe of the firft, and fome¬ what pointed at the Extremity ; the Flowers are of a very dark Purple, black in Ap¬ pearance, if not narrowly furveyed; the Pods and Seeds are like thofe of the firft, and are ripened in Augufi ; it is found in the riftng and mountainous Grounds about Montpelier . Afclepias Africana, AUooides, African Swallow-wort: This is the Frittillaria crafl fa Promontorii Bona Spei, or the thick-leav¬ ed Frittillary of the Cape of Good Hope of John Bodaus a Stupel in his Notes upon Theophrafius 335. and the Apocynum humile, Aizjoides, Jiliquis erettis, Africanum of Her¬ man. H. L. Bat. H 2 A felt- §& The Cmpleat Herbal. Afilepias Africana, Aiz,ooides, longioribus joins, minus dentatis , African Swallow-wort, with longer Leaves, and lefs notched or indented : This is the Apocynum huwile , Ai- z*ooides, caulk ulis longtffimis, dentkulis raw- ribas donatum. Flak. Almag. Bot. Swallow-wort, with a Husk doubly forked at the Point; Afilepias fiiiqud bifido mucrone , C. B. Pin . 303. This is the AfiU- pi as Cretica , or Swallow-wort of Candy , ac¬ cording to Clufius . Hi ft. Avp. 1. Tow. 1. CCLV. It differs but little from the common Swallow-wort with a white Flower; the Leaves are of a paler Green, the Pods are (hotter, but more thick, dreaked all along, and double-forked at the Point, fometimes but one, yet often two together; the Flow¬ ers Hand, two, three, or four together, up¬ on fhort Footdafks, and are of a paler White. Broad-leaved, oriental Swallow-wort, with a purplilh Flower, and a firm Stalk, Afilepias orientals, latifolia , tftore purpura - fiente, eauli fir mo. . The fmalleft oriental Swallow-wort, ’with a Flower from a black Purple inclin¬ ing to a yellowilh Colour, Afilepias orien - tails, minima, flore ex atro pur pur eo flrive- ■fiente. Broad-leaved, oriental Swallow-wort, with a green Flower, Afilepias orientalis, ■latifolia,[flore viridi. Broad-leaved, oriental Swallow-wort, without Smell, having a Flower of a yel- lowiili'Colour, and a Fruit forked at the 'Extremity, the Points bending inwards, Afilepias orient alls, latifolia , inodor a, flore flavefiente , fruftus 'mucronc bifido , & intror - Jum recufvo. 'Climbing, oriental Swallow-wort, with ’a large Lea£ and a party-coloured Flower, Afilepias orient a lit, ampUffimo folio, fiandens , [flore vario. believed that thisRlant had its Name from the famous Phyfician Afilepias or tAZfiulapius. It is thefirft Species that is of common Ufe, known in the Shops under the Names of Afilepias, Vincetoxicum hirundinaria ,, &c. The Roots of this Plant are bitter, {harp,* and give a gentle Tindure of Red to the blue Paper: The Leaves have a faltifh Tatfe, and give a fmaller Tindure of Red to the blue Paper, which makes it proba¬ ble, that the Salt of this Plant is in fome Meafure like to that which Angelus Sola calls Oxyfal Diaphoreticum , which is a fixed Salt, fome what too much impregnat¬ ed with an Acid ; but in the Swallow- wort this Salt is involved in a large ^Quan¬ tity of Sulphur and Earth: So that it is not at all furprifing, that this Plant is both a Sudorific and a Cleanfer: Tragw affures us, That the Wine in which half a Pound of the Root of this Plant has been for fome Time deeped, boiled afterwards to the Confumption of one third Part, provokes -Sweat copioufly, and affords great Relief in hydropic Cafes; the Decodion of this Root volatilizes the Humours, and works both by 'Urine and Tranfpiration: And indeed "tis preferable to the Decodion of Scorzonera-Roots, in pettilential and ma¬ lignant Fevers; the Infufion of an Ounce of this Root into a-Quart of boiling Wa¬ ter, afterwards drained and fweetened with any convenient Syrup, is of great Efficacy in a Suppreflion of the monthly Evacuations of Women, and of equal Benefit to fuch as have been bit by a mad Dog- the Extrad of the Roots and Leaves produces the fame Effeds; Dofe from V* to ^ 1 / 5 ; the Herb externally applied by way of Cataplafm,dif- folves the Swellings and Tumours in Wo¬ men’s Breads; the Powder of the Leaves and'Root cleanfes Ulcers, no lefs effedual- ly than that of the Ariftolochia ©r Birth- wort, and may be ufed to as good Purpofe in all Unguents, Lotions, &c. for that End. SECT! Malva. 7zv. The Compleat Herbal. S3 S E C T. Of Herbs, with a Flower of one entire Leaf, in the Shape cf a Bell, from the Bottom whereof there rifes a Tube that receives the Pointal, which is changed into a Fruit confijiing cf ma¬ ny Malva arbor ea five hortenfis , Tree or Garden Mallows of T abernemontanus. Icon. 765. and the Malva hortenfis , fore fimplici inca r- nato; Garden-Mai lows, with a (ingle in¬ carnate ^Flower. Eyfi. The Smell excepted, this Plant rivals the rRofe, both in Beauty and Excellence* it TABLE XIII, XIV. G E N U S I. Malva, Mallows ., F a Plant, with a Flower of one-entire Leaf A, in the Shape of a Bell, having (hoots up-with a thick, folid,and hairy Stalk, •its Brim wide expanded, and cut into fe- fomewhat branched, to the .-Height of a lit- veral Segments: From its Bottom rifes a tie Tree; the Leaves arebroad and rife in an pyramidal Tube D, for the moft Part load- alternate Order, fingly, upon pootftaIks ed with many little Threads or Filaments; pretty long, and covered with a foft Down; the Pointal EF, which is fixed like a Nail the lowermoft, which fhoot fir ft, arerounj. in the lowermoft Part of the Flower C, and in the Tube D, (hoots from the Flow- er-Cup'CI, and is afterwards changed into a Fruit G, fiat, round, and fometimes pointed, wrapped up for the molt Part within the Flower-Cup H, and divided into feveral Cells LMP, fo difpofed iround the Axle I K, that each little Lodge appears moft artificially jointed within the feveral correfponding Stria or Chanels; the Seed N is often found fhaped like a Kidney ; to thefe Charadterifticks this muft be added, that the Leaves O are lefs -in¬ jected than thofe of the Alcea or Vervain- Mallow, and not fo rough and hoary as ‘thofe of the Alt baa or the Marfh-Mallow. Its Species are, Rofe-Mallows or Hollyhocks, with a ILeaf fomewhat round, and a Flower of a pale red Colour, Malva rofea % folio Jdro- ' tnndo y .flore dilntihs rnbente. C. B. Pin. 315. thofe 'that rife higher upon the Stalk are cornered, and cut into five or feven Seg¬ ments, jagged about the "Edges, of a dark Green above, and a more whitilh Green below, and hairy upon both Tides, but in lome the Down of the upper Side is (o Thort that it is fcarce perceptible; from their Angles with the Stalk, the Flowers fhoot, fometimes but one, loinetimes two or three together, Handing upon fhort Foot fta Iks; they are about the Bignefs of a -Rofe, and divided into five Segments; fometimes with (ingle, fometimes double Flowers, the Centre whereof is filled by >a Cone, which fpreads it felf into feveral lit¬ tle Leaves of the fame Colour with the Flower, within are lodged yellowifti and purplifti Chives ; the Flowers Hand in .a double *Cup, covered over with a hoary Down, and cut into five Divifions; the Seed is flat, the Root long, white, and , _ . . , ^ tough; the fecond Year after it is iowa* This is the Malva rofia five hortenfis , flore it lends up Stalks, and flowers in July and * Garden-Mai lows, with a BluiE or Augttfi; the^Stalks die and perilh every vflelh-coloured Flower, of 2,951, The Year, but thetRootkperenniah (Rofe 54 The Compleat Herbal. Rofc- Mai lows or Hollyhocks, with a roundish Leaf and a white Flower, Malva rofea, folio fubrotundo , flore candido. C. B. Pin. 315. This is the Ma.lv a rofea five hortenfis, fore albo-, Garden-Mai lows, with a white Flower, of J. B . 2.9^1. and the Malva hortenfis , flore flmplici albo, Garden-Mal¬ lows with a white and (ingle Flower. Eyft. Hollyhocks, with a roundifh Leaf, and a Flower of a deep Red, Malva rofea, folio fubrotundo, flore ftturatius rubente. C. B. Pin. 315. This is the Malva rofea five hortenfis , flore fature fanguineo , Garden-Mallows, with a Flower of a deep blood Colour, of J. 5 . 2. 951. and the Malva rofea , flore flmplici rubro, Garden or Rofe-Mallows, with a (Ingle Flower of a red Colour. £7/?. Hollyhocks, with a roundifh Leaf, and a Flower of a fhining purple Colour, Malva rofea y folio fubrotundo, flore purpura modo relucente. C. B. Pin . 315. Hollyhocks, with a roundifh Leaf, and a Flower from a red inclining to a blackifh Colour, Malva rofea y folio fubrotundo, flore ex rubro nigricante . C. B. Pin 515. Hollyhocks, with a roundifh Leaf, and a Flower of a violet Colour, Malva rofea y folio fubrotundo, flore violaceo. H. R. Par. Hollyhocks, with a roundifh Leaf, and a Tingle Flower of a yellow Colour, Mal¬ va rofea , folio fabrotundo y flore flmplici luteo. H. R. Par. Hollyhocks, with a roundifh Leaf, and a double red Flower, Malva rofea y folio fubrotundo, flore pleno rubro . C. B. Pin. 315. This is the Malva hortenfis, mult iplici flore ; Garden-Mallows w^dr-tfyuble Flowers, of Dodonctu. Pempt. 6 mallows of Diofcorides and Pliny, Althaa Diofcoridis & Plinii. C. B. 315. This is the Althaea flue Bifmalva of J. B. 2. 9 54, and the Althaea or Ibifcus of Dodoneus. Pempt. 655. Common Marfh-mallows. It has many white Roots fhooting from one Head, long, and about the Thicknefs of a Thumb or Finger, pliant and tough* and full of a vifcous or mucilaginous Juice, which, when Beeped in Water, will thicken it almoB to the ConfiBence of a Jelly; the Stalks are covered with a foft hoary Down, are Bender, have a little nar¬ row hollow Tube, and rife to the Height of three or four Foot; the Leaves are placed in an alternate Order, refembling thofe of the common Mallows, but are fomewhat longer, cornered, toothed about the Edges like a Saw, and covered with a foft hoary Down or Wool; the Flowers rife from the Angles of the Leaves with the Stalk, are like thofe of the common Mallows, but The Commie at Herbal. S9 but fmaller, of a white inclining to a blufh Colour,* they are fucceeded by fuch- like Cafes as we have deferib’d in the Mal¬ lows; it grows with us in maritime Marfhes only,but in foreign Countries in Marfhes far remote from theSea-Coafl: Parkinfon tells us, that it grows in mofi of the Salt Marfhes, from Wolmch down to the Sea, both on the Kentifh and Ejfex fhoar. Ray adds, the Place of its native Growth, which is only in-fuch Parts as we have mentioned, as another Mark difiinguifhing it from the Mallows. Marfh-mallows of Diofcorides and Pliny, with a more angular or cornered Leaf, Al¬ thaea Diofcoridis &' Plinii, folio magis angu- lato: This is the Maha fylveflris vel palu- fir is, ant Ibifcus folio angulofiort , wild or Marfh-mallows, or the Ibifcus , with a Leaf more cornered, in Herman s Catalogue of the Plants in the Garden at Leyden. Marfh-mallows with a rounder, or lefs pointed Leaf, Althaea folio rotundiori , five minus acuminato , in Sutherland's Catalogue of the Plants in the phyfical Garden at Edinburgh. Marfh-mallows refembling the common Sort, with a fhort and blunt*pointed Leaf, Althaea vulgari fimilis, folio retufo, brevi. RaysSynopfis 138. Shrubby Marfh*mallows, with a more round and hoary Leaf, Althaea frutefeens , folio rotundiore, incano. C.B. Pin. 316. This is the arborefeens of J. B. 2. 958. and the Althaea frutex prima of Clufuts, Hifi. XXIV. k riles like a little Tree or Shrub with a thick woody Stem, which Hretches out many large Branches, that fpread and divide into others hill fmaller, hard, and woody, and which are covered with a tough afh-coloured Bark; .the Leaves are like thofe of the Althaa, but fmaller, and more round, very foft; and all over hoary ; the Flowers Hand at the Extremities of the little Branches, and among the Leaves, and are of a pale Purple, not unlike to thofe of the common Mallows, and greater . than the Flowers of the common Marfh- mallows ; it lofes not its Leaves till frefh ones lucceed and fhoot, as is ufual to all ■ the ever-green Plants: &*jis of opinion, that the Althaea frutex prim a of Cllifins,. is the fame with the Althaa arborea Oibioe ; but our Author diflinguifhes them as two different Species. Marfh-mallows with a larger Flowery Althaea flore majore. C. B. Pin. 31 6. This is the Althaa flore grandi Alceae, ttaringiaca Camerario , Marfh-mallows with a great Ver¬ vain-mallows Flower of J. B. 2. 955. and the Althaea frutex tertia , or third Shrub- Marfh-mallows of Clufius. Hift.XXV. Its Flowers are large, even greater than thofe of the Vervain-mallows, and in co¬ lour either the fame, or altogether white, in which lies the foie Difference between this and the firfi or common Sort. Shrubby Marfh-mallows, with a fharp- pointed Leaf, and a (mall Flower, Althaea frutefeens, folio acuto, flore parvo. C. B. Pin. 31 6. This is the Althaea arborea Olbiae in GalloprovinciafXtzz Marfh-mallows growing near to Olbia in Provence , cf Lobel. Icon. 553 - Shrub Marfh-mallows of Spain with a rounder Leaf, Althaea frutefeens, Hifpanica , folio rotundiori. Shrub Marfh-mallows of Portugal, with a Leaf more round and waved, Althaea fru¬ tefeens, Lufitanica, folio rotundiori, undulato. Shrub Marfh-mallows of Portugal, with a large and lefs hoary Leaf, Althaea frutef¬ eens , Lufitanica, felio ampliori, minus incano. Tree Marfh-mallows, growing upon the Sea-Coafis near to Venice, Althaea maritima , arborea, V'eneta : This is the Malva arborea, Feneta diSla, parvo flore of C. B. 3115. The Aialva arborea of J.B. 2. 952. and the Alalva arborefeens in the Hort. Eyfi. This Tree Marflvmallows riles with a woody Stem, four or five Cubits, fom.e- times ten or more, high, according to the Nature of the Soil, and fo thick fbmetmies that a Man can fcarce grafp it -round with both his Arms; it is perennial, folid, and branched, and covered upon. its.upper Part with very large roundifh Leaves, much larger than thofe of the.common Mallows, and found oft-times curlechabout the Edges, very foft and woolly, feeling to the Touch like the foftefi Silk or Velvet; the Leaves of the Branches are fmaller ; among them the Flowers Hand upon firm oblong Footfialks of a deep Purple, Parlinfon fays, .with Hripes and Veins like the Flowers of the common Mallows; the Seeds beth in their I 2 Shape 60 The Compleat Herbal . Shape and Manner of growing, or Difpo- fition refemble thofe of the Mallows, only they are much larger and thicker; it grows near to Venice all along the Tufcan (hoar, and upon the African Coaft alfo, where it lives many Years; with us, the fecond Year after it is Town it flowers, but ought to be carefully kept during the Winter from the Cold and the Rain. French Tree-Marfh-mallows, growing upon the Sea-Coafts , Althaa maritima, ar - fore a, Gallica : This is the Malva arborea, marina, noflras,Enrlijh Tree-Mallows, grow¬ ing upon the Sea-Coafts, of Parkinfon. The at. 301. Tis thus deferibed by him: This Tree- Mallows of our own Country is much like the former, having a woody Stem, thick as a Man’s Arm, of a ruffet or hoary Colour, whereon grow (oft whitifti woolly Leaves, almoft as large as the other, and as finooth as Velvet; the Flowers are large, and of a whitifh or pale Purple, like in Form to a wild Mallows-Flower; the Root is white, great and woody, with divers long Strings annexed to it; it grows in an Ifland called Bennie, three Miles from Kings Road, and five from Brifiol, as alfo about the Cotta¬ ges near Hard-Caftle , over againft the Ifle of Wight ; and upon The Bafs, a fmall Ifland in Edinburgh Frith . Raj has ranked thefe two laft Species among the Mallows, when the diftinguilh- ing Marks between the Malva and the Al¬ thaea plainly determine them to belong to this laft Genus. Spanijh Matlh-mallows, with undulated or waved Leaves, Althaa Hijpanica , foliis un- dulatis: This is the Malva Hijpanica of Morifon. Hor. Reg. Blef. Tis thefirft Species, the Althaa Diofcoridts & Plinii of Cafpar Bauhin, &c. which is of common ufe: It is known in the Shops un¬ der the Names of Althaa, Bifmalva and Jbifcus; it is found with the Leaves more or lefs pointed; they appear too much fo in the Figures of Dodoneus, Clufius, and Lo¬ be! ; Matthiolus, Fuchfius, and Tabernemn- tams, have reprefented it with Leaves much more round, and ’tis in all appearance this laft Species, which Sutherland , formerly Profeflor of Botany at Edinburgh, calls Al¬ thaa folio rotondiori, pvt minus acuminata 5 the Leaves too of the Marflvmallows are more or lefs angular; Herman calls that which has its Leaves cornered Malva fylve- Jlris, autpalujlris , aut Ibifcus folio angulojtori ; Cordus , J. Bauhin , Morifon, and Raj, have imagined the Flower of this Plant to be pentapetalous, or compofed of five diftind Leaves, whereas ’tis certainly one Angle Leaf deeply cut into five Segments. The Leaves of the Althaa or Marfti-maJ- low are of a glutinous infipid Tafte, and give no tindure of Red to the blue Paper; the Roots have the fame Tafte, yet they tindure the blue Paper with fome Degree of Red; the glutinous Juice of this Plant,, which appears to be a Mixture of a large Quantity of Phlegm, Earth, an Acid, and Sulphur, fo fetters the (harp Salt that it can¬ not difcpver it felf, but by the Fire; for ’tis certain that by a chymical Analyfis we obtain from the Marfti-mallow a concrete volatile Salt, and a fixed lixivial Salt; the Acid lies fomewhat more difengaged in the Roots, feeing they gently tindure the blue Paper with Red; nevertnelefs ’tis probable that the Virtue of this Plant depends chiefly upon its glutinous Juice, which the Fire entirely deftroys: By the Confent of all Authors, the Althaa wonderfully afl'wages Pain, and is powerfully emollient or foftens; by its flimy Juice or mucilage, it not only blunts the Points of the corrolive Salts, but in relaxing and foftening the Fi¬ bres which undergo too great a Tenfion, it reftores them to their ufual Spring and Tone, and confequently allays the Pain, and makes it ceafe: The Herb, Root, and Seed allay Inflammations, aflwage Pain, promote Expedoration, expel Urine, ripen Tumours, mitigate and corred the acrimo¬ ny or fharpnefs of the Humours; they are chiefly ufed in all Diftempers of the Blad¬ der, in nephritick Cafes, in an Afthma and Pleurify; externally in Glyfters, Cata- plafms ,&c. The Root of the Marfti-mallows is em¬ ployed in all Ptifans that are defigned to cool, to foften and aflwage Pain, but it ought not to be mixed with other Ingre¬ dients, but towards the End, left it fhould give the Liquor a too glutinous or clammy Confidence; thefe Ptifans are of excellent ufe in a violent Cough, when the Spittle The ComPieat Herbal . 6 1 is (harp or faltifh: In four Pints of Water boil four Ounces of the Roots of Nenu¬ phar, one Ounce of the Marfli-mallows Root, and in the (trained Liquor difToive two Drachms of Nitre, of Cryftal mine¬ ral or vegetable Salt, anddrinkit by Cup- fulls in a nephritick Cholick, in a Heat and retention of Urine, attended with a great Inflammation; when the Inflamma¬ tion is over, the Marfh-mallows-Root muft be left out, 1 eft it fliould too much thick¬ en the Humours: Boil three Handfuls of Pellitory in three Pints of Water, add one Ounce of the Roots of Marfh-mallows, ftrain the Deco&ion, then with Sugar boil it to the Confiftence of a Syrup ; this is to be taken mixed with proper Ptiians: The Syrup of Marflv mallows, according to the Defcription of Charras , is an excellent Com- pofition : Quick Grals, Pellitory, Afpara- gus, and the other ingredient Plants, fharpen the Marfh-mallows, and render that Syrup effe&ually to operate by Urine, and to promote Expe&oration ; *twas with this Intention that the Florentine Orricc was mixed as an Ingredient in the Tablets of Mar fh-mallows: Lemery , who has made an excellent Choice of the beft Compofi- tions, and reformed them with great Judg¬ ment,quickens his with the Flowers of Ben¬ jamin 5 thefe Compound Lozenges are to be preferred to the Simple, for the Marfh-mal- lows demands fomething as a Stimulus to quicken and fharpen it 5 thus Quercetan has judicioufly mixed in his Looch of Marfh- mallows the Flower of Brimftone, the Pow¬ der Didtreos , &c. and the Ointment of Marfh-mallowshas been reafonably improv¬ ed by adding Fenugreek, the Squill or Sea- Onion and Galbanum$ and if ’tis to be em¬ ployed in fciatic or rheumatick Pains; the Spirit of Wine camphorated may be mixed therewith; for the fame Reafon the Mucilage of Marih-mallows made with Fenugreek Seed, is preferable to that which is Ample, becaufe it diflblves at the fame Time that it carries off the Inflammation 5 this Seed ought to be mixed in the Poultis that is made of Marfh-mallows and Milk, to dif- fipate or fuppurate Tumours, according to the Difpofltion of the Humour; the Cata- plafms prepared with the Root of this Plant, thofe of FlowePde-Luccand Onion s together with the four Flowers or Meals, are very ufeful to difculs the fame Tu¬ mours, efpecially if you mix therewith the camphorated Spirit of Wine, the Spirit of Salt-Armoniac, or any other fpiiituous Li¬ quor. The Althta is with Succefs ufed in the following Cafes, in the Stone of the Kid¬ neys or Bladder, for which purpofe the Syrup, or the Deco&ion of its Leaves, but efpecially the Root, or the Seed in any Preparation is highly beneficial. 2. In all Dileafes of the Lungs, fuch as the Afthma, Cough, &c. and in a Pleurify. 3. In ail frettings or excoriations of the lnteflines, in a Dyfentery, &c. the Decodion of the Roots, but efpecially the Mucilage of the Seeds, is greatly ufeful. 4. To foften and ripen hard Tumours, for which end a Ca- taplafm of the Leaves or Roots is fuccefs- fully ufed: The Mucilage of Marfti-mal- lows, extra&ed with Role-water, aflwages thofe torturing Pains that are raifed by Veficatories, it is an Obfervation of Simon Ptttlli , who recommends the Root of this Plant as a Specific in Dyfenteries. Befides thefe enumerated Virtues of the Althaa , we find it recommended by Diofco~ rides, Lib. 3. cap. 146. as effe&ual againlt wounds, tne King's Evil, thofe Kernels or Swellings generated behind theEir, Inflam¬ mations of the Breafls, Excoriations of the Fundament, Cramps and Convulfions, the Root being boiled in Wine or honied Wa¬ ter, bruifed, and applied, and the Deco- &ion taken inwardly: Boiled, as is faid, and reduced to the Confidence of an Oint¬ ment, by adding Hog’s Lard, Goole-greafc or Turpentine, it removes all Inflamma¬ tions of the Womb: The Deco&ion pro¬ duces the fame Effeft, and cleanfes the Womb from all the Impurities which may be lodged there after the Birth: Boiled in Vinegar, and ufed as a Gargle, it cures the Tooth-ach: The green and dried Seed bruifed and mixed with Vinegar, clears the Skin of Morphew, or any other Difco- loration: Mixed with Oil and Vinegar, and the Skin therewith anointed, it pre¬ vents the Bitings of venomous Creatures : The Deco&ion of this Plant in Wine is ufed as a Remedy again!! the Stingings of Wafps, Bees, and fuch like Infers, &c. 62 The Compleat Herbal. Mr. Ray gives it as an Obfervation of Dr. Page , that $1 of the powdered Root of this Plant, taken every Morning in Milk, is an excellent Remedy, in a Gonorrhaa-, it is one of the five emollient Herbs. The common Mallows is pofleffed of the fame Virtues, but in an inferiour Degree, and is one of the five emollient Herbs. TABLE XVI. Fig. u GENUS III. Alcea, Vervain-Mallows. 'T'HE Vervain - mallows, .according to A Diofcorides, has jagged Or cut Leaves, by which Mark, if in it telf confiderable enough, we lhall diftinguifh it as a fepa- rate Genus from the Mallows and Marsh¬ mallows. Its Species are. The greater common Vervain-mallows, with a Flower from a Red inclining to a Rote-colour, Alcea vulgaris major , fioj-j ex rubro rofco. C.B. Pin. ji 6 . This is the Al¬ cea vulgaris , common Vervain-mallows of J. B, 2. 953. and o £T)o downs, Pempt. 656. From a woody pcrennia.1 Root, it fends up levcral round Stalks, two or three Foot in height, fluffed with a fungous or fpun- gy Pith, fomewhat hairy, and covered over with a bright greeniflvcoloured Dull or Powder; the Leaves, which fhoot from the Root, and are lower upon the Stalks, are roundiffi, yet cut about the Edges, and Hand upon long Foot (la Iks; thole which are upon the Stalks, are difpofed in an al¬ ternate Series, and the nearer they are to the Top, Hand, upon fhorter Foot Ha Iks, and.are more deeply infeded, being for the moH Part divided into five remarkable Jags, like the Leaves of the Monks-hood, of a dark green Colour, and hairy, efpe- cially upon the under Side; the Flowers rife from the Angles of the Leaves with the Stalk, and Hand thick at the Extremities of the Stalks and Branches, upon hairy Foot- ftalks; they are of a beautiful role, pur- plifh, or flefh Colour, cut into live Seg- 3 merits, which are ftriped or fireaked, and in Louie manner ffiaped like a Heart, the Flower-Cup is hairy, and divided into five Leaves, which are fupported or encom- paffed by three others, more narrow; when the Flower is faded, it clofely contracts it felf, and degenerates into a Seed-Veffel; the Seeds are hairy, black when ripe, and when united repretent the Form of a little Hat cheefe, as is common to the other Kinds; it flowers in Summer, and is found in feveral Parts of England, very common¬ ly in Kent, and in fome places more fre¬ quently found than the common wild Kind: This is the Malva verbemcea ©f Parkinfvn and Gerard ; it is found diverified in the Colour of its Fiower, which is fometimes white., and called by Parkinfon, Alcea vul¬ garis, florealbo, common Vervain-mallow with a white Flower. The greater common Vervain-mallows, with a whiter Flower, Alcea vulgaris major, fiore candidiore. C. B. Pin. 316. Common Vervain-mallows, with hairy feminal Husks, Alcea vulgaris feminum in- voheris hirfutis , in Sutherland’ s Catalogue of the Plants in tffe phyfical Garden at Edin¬ burgh. Vervain-ilia flows, with a round jagged Leaf, Alcea folio tornado , lacmiato. C B. Pin. 315. This is the'Malva montaua , .five Alcoa rotundifolid , lac mint a, Mountain-mallows, or Vervain-mallows, round-leaved, and jagged, o rColtmna. Part . 1. 148. The fir ft Leaves of this Plant, before it fhoots out its.Stalk, are round,' lomewhat hairy below’, divided into five Parts like the common Mallows, which tliey fo near¬ ly imitate, that they appear in. nothing to differ, and the Retemblance is fa great, that it impofes upon thole that gather it; but when it tends up its Stalk, they begin to be lo deeply cut into jaggs, that they appear entirely different, for to view the Stalk covered with Leaves, one would ra¬ ther take it for the Monks-hood, the Leaf appears fo;exa&iy cut and jagged after the fame Manner, nor till it flowers can it be judged or determined to be a Mallows: The Flowers are large, in Figure and Colour like thofe of the Mallows", but of a lively Role-Colour : when they are faded, a leafy Fruit, like that of the common Sort, luc- ceeds, I ■" - kMi -, .w._ , ji'i'it x< *m ■■ ■ •* /Jf‘" Uf-*' ’ ■ . ■ m r * ■ ) jS-v-rtrtJciK - ■ - w *;• ,■ : f »%Mjt r. . . „••»*, t'-’ yJC w 1 ,. %*','■ ;V* .*, ' V if {■' ftr ». H . ; ’ ‘ ■ *<*#&>*' *• *•' £>, Su ■ i* ^ \ The Conmeat Herbal. £3 ceeds, enclofing flat, hairy Seeds, fhaped like a Creicent, and of a blackifh Colour; the Shape and Tafte of the Root is the fame with that of the Mallows; Cofomna difco- vered it upon a Mountain near to Civita V'ecchia, and in the Staz,z>o della ferra , &c. Hemp-leaved Vervain-mallows, Alcea cannabwa . C. B. Pin. 31 6. This is the Alcea Pentaphylli folio vel Cannabina, Vervain-mal¬ lows with a Cinqfoil or Hemp-leaf of J. B. 2.958. and th e Alcea fruticoja, cannabino fo¬ lio, fhrubby Vervain-mallows,with a Hemp- leaf, of Clufins. m.xxv . This Plant, which furpaffes the Height of a Man, rifes with feveral rough and tough Stalks, that fpread into divers Bran¬ ches ; the Leaves hand upon (hort Foot¬ ftalks , nearly refemble the Leaves of Hemp, are divided into three Parts, of which the middle one is the longed, the others upon each Side (horter; thele are again fubdivided into others ftill fmaller, fo that it is not only cut into three, but fometimes into five Parts,differently notch¬ ed about the Edges, hairy, and of a black- ifh Colour, not fo rough as the Hemp- leaves, and of a vifcid or clammy Tafte; the Flowers ftand fometimes fingly, fome¬ times two together upon long Footftalks, or rather upon the Extremities of the little Branches; they are like thofe of the com¬ mon Vervain-mallows, but fmaller; they are fucceeded by little Heads wrapped up within little Leaves, inclofing black Seeds like thofe of the curled Mallows; the Rfoot is perennial, one Part whereof is greater, and the others leffer, white without and within, and of a very vifcid clammy Tafte; it is found about Montpelier , and in feveral Parts, both of Italy and Sicily. The greater and tall Vervain-mallows of Ray , Alcea major & procerior Rail. Hifi. 605. It differs/ from the common Vervain- mallows in its Stalks, which are thicker and higher, for fometimes they furpafs the Height of a Man, nor are they of lo bright a green Colour, nor fo round, but more chanelled, nor hairy, and branched from the Bottom ; the Leaves are larger, of a pa¬ ler Green, and lefs jagged and infe&ed; for thofe which ftand up an the higher Parts of the Stalk, are only cut into three Jags, which reach to the very Footftalk; the Footftalks of the Flowers are thicker and (hotter, in Proportion to their Bignefs; the Flower-Cup is divided into (horter Segments, but the three Leaves that encom- pals the Flower-Cup,are greater and broad¬ er; the Seeds are (mooth and not hairy, but of a black Colour, as in the common Sort. Hairy Vervain mallows, Alcea hirfeta. C. B. Pin. 317. This is the Alcea villofa Da - lechampii , rough Vervain-mallows of Dale- champ. Lugd. 594. and the Alcea villofa of J. B. 2.1067. From a (ingle and flender Root, about a Hand-breadth in length, it fends up feveral round,rough,and hairy Branches,not exceed¬ ing a Foot in height; the Leaves are final!, for the moft part deeply cut into three Jaggs, toothed like a Saw, and covered with a woolly Down ; the Flowers are of a pur- plifh Colour, and ftand in Cups compofed of a double Row of (harp-pointed, rough, and hairy Leaves, wherein, after the Flow¬ er is faded, is contained a round Cake of blackifh Seeds: It is found in the Vineyards about Montpelier , ( 3 c. ParJdnfon defcribes it under the Title of Alcea minor villofa : John Bauhiris Figure of this Plant is better and more exa& than that which is in the Hiftory of Plants printed at Lyons. Hairy Vervain-mallows, with a white Flower, Alcea hirfma , fiore albo. Hort. Reg. Par. Rays finaller, Sicilian Vervain-mallows, with a white Flower, Alcea minor , Sicula , fiore minore, Raii. Hifi. 605. From a white Angle Root it (ends up fe¬ veral hairy Stalks, which lie ftretched upon the Ground, upon their upper Parts of a red Colour; the lower Leaves are roundifh, and ftand upon long Footftalks; thofe which adorn the Stalks are cut into three or five Jaggs, hairy, and notched about the Edges; the Flowers are (mall apd of a Flefli-Colour; the Seeds are like thofe of the common Mallows. Vervain - mallows, with thin curled Leaves, Alcea tenuifolia, crifpa. J. B. 2. 1067. This Species has its Leaf finely in(e$ed,and cut into many thin Jags, and curled, where-, in it chiefly differs from the common Ver¬ vain- The Compleat Herbal. vain-mallows; the Flowers and the Seeds are the fame. Vervain-mallows of Provence , growing upon the Sea-Coalls, with a Cranes-bill Leaf, Alee a maritima Galloprovincialis , Gera- nii folio : This is the Alee a minor , maritime tenuifolia , procumbens, of the Par ad if. Batav. The Root is white, compoied of many long Fibres, which unite in one Head; the Stalks are weak, lie fpread and ftretched upon the Ground, about two Foot in length; the Iowermoft Leaves are fome- what round,divided into five Parts, fmooth, and like to thofe of the rocky Cranes-bili, or Smallage, or Coriander; but thofe which fhoot from the Knots or Joints of the Stalks are larger, and more deeply cut and divid¬ ed into narrow Segments; the Flowers are of an incarnate Colour, fmaller than thofe ot the common Vervain-mallows, and hand in Cups, which are divided into five Seg¬ ments; when the Flowers are faded, the Cups ferve for Seed-Vefiels, and enclofe many little blackifh Seeds, fhaped like Crefcents, and circularly difpofed round the axle or nutritive Style; tho* the Root be fibrous, yet it does not want that (limy mucilaginous Juice which the others a- bound with, and is conlcquently efteemed nothing inferiour to them in its emollient Faculty. The greateft Garden Vervain-mallows, with a Fig-leaf, A Ice a rofea, hortenfis , maxi¬ ma, folio fictu : This is the Malva rofea , folio ficus, Rofe-mallows, or Hollyhocks with a Fig-leaf, of C. B. Pin. 315. and the Malva rofea , fimplex , peregrina, foreign Hollyhocks of Tabernemontamis . Icon. 767. The greateft Rofe or Garden Vervain- mallows, with a Fig-leaf, and a white Flower, Alee a rbfea , hortenfis , maxima , folio ficus , fiore albo. The greateft Garden Vervain-mallows, with a Fig-leaf, and a yellow Flower, Al- cea rofea , hortenfis, maxima , folio ficus, fiore luteo: This is the Malva rofea, folio ficus, fiore luteo. Hollyhocks, with a Fig-leaf, and a yellow Flower, in the Catalogue of Plants in the Royal Garden at Paris . The greateft Garden Vervain-mallows, with a Fig leaf, and a violet - coloured Flower, Alee a rofea, hortenfis , maxima, folio ficus, fiore violaceo : This is the Aalva rofea, 3 folio ficus, fiore violaceo , Hollyhocks with a Fig-leaf, and a violet coloured Flower, in the Catalogue of Plants in the Royal Gar¬ den at Paris. The greateft Garden Veroin-mallows, with a Fig-leaf, and a purple Flower, Al¬ t'* rofea, hortenfis, maxima, folio ficus, fiore purpurco: This is the Malva rofea, fiore pur- purco, folio ficus, Hollyhocks, with a Fig- leaf, and a purple Flower, in the Cata¬ logue of Plants in the Royal Garden at Paris . The greateft Garden Vervain-mallows, with a Fig-leaf, and a blufh Flower, Alcea rofea , hortenfis, maxima, folio ficus , fiore edr- neo : This is the Malva rofea, folio ficus, fiore cameo, in the Catalogue of Plants in the Royal Garden at Paris. The greateft Garden Vervain-mallows, with a Fig-leaf, and a blackifh Flower, Alcea rofea , hortenfis, maxima, folio ficus, fiore nigricante: This is the Malva rofea , fo- lio ficus, fiore nigricante. Hollyhocks with a Fig leaf, and a blackifh Flower, in the Catalogue of Plants in the Royal Garden at Paris. The greateft Garden Vervain-mallows, with a Fig-leaf, blackifh, and rough, Al¬ cea rofea, hortenfis , maxima, folio ficus , nigri¬ cante & afpero : This is the Malva folio ficus altera, of C B . Pin. 315. and the Malva fo¬ lio ficus of the fame Author, in his Pro - drom. 137. The inoft hairy fhrub Vervain-mallows of'America, Alcea hirfutiffima, Americana , frutefeens. Plumier. Hairy Vervain-mallows of Candy, Alcea Cretica hirfuta . Shrub oriental Vervain mallows, with Leaves divided into three Segments, and a final 1 Flower, Alcea orientals, frutefeens, fo - liis tripartitis, fiore parvo. The following Plants are to be excluded from this Genus, they bear not the Marks of the Alcea, and are to be ranked among the Species of the Ketmia the Alcea veficaria of C. B. Pin . 317. Alcea Indica, magno fiore, Indian Vervaiif mallows, with a large Flow¬ er. C. B. Pin . 317. Alcea Indica, parvo fiore , Indian Vervain - mallows, with a lrnall Flower. C. B. Pin. 317. Alcea Indica , parvo fiore , altera, a fecond Indian Vervain-mal¬ lows, with a fipall Flower. C, B. Pin. 317. Alcea The Compleat Herbal. 65 Alee a *A£gyptUca, tfllofa, hairy Egyptian Vervain-mallows. C. B. Pin. 317. The Alcea or Vervain-mallows has the fame Powers and Faculties, tho 1 not in an equal Degree with the Mallows: Pena and Label obferve, that its Juice is not fo clam¬ my and vifeid, but that it diffolves more powerfully : Tournefort, in his fourth Her- borifation, tells us, That the Figures which Lobel and. Dodoneus have given of the Alcea mlgaris major, &c. are not good, that the Figure of Tabernemontanas is the moft ex- ad ; and is of Opinion, That the Figures. of Matthiohu and Fuchfins are to be referred to the Alcea Cannabina or Hemp Vervain- Mallows, becaufe the Leaves are more deep¬ ly cut and infected. TA BLE XVI. Fig. 2. GENUS IV. Malacoides, TS a Plant with a Mallows-Fiower; but having a Fruit, tho’ dry, like that of the Bramble A : For Tis compofed of feveral Cells B, colleded into a fort of little Head or Button, and fixed to the Placenta or nu¬ tritive Membrane C, enelofing Seeds D, lhaped for the moft Part like a Kidney E. Its Species are, Malacoides with a Betony-Leaf, Mala¬ coides Betonica folio : This is the Malva Be - tonka folio , Mallows with a ^Betony-Leaf, 6f Morifon. H. Reg. Blef. and of Bocconi . Rar. Plant. 15. and the Alcea Betonica folio, florepurpuro-violaceo, Vervain-mallows with a Betony-Leaf, and a Flower of a purple- violet Colour, of Barrelier. Icon. Malacoides with an angular or cornered Leaf: This is the Malva Tingitana , flore cfe- ruleo , parvo , 0 £ Phtknet. Ploy tog. TaS? 2 \\. Fig. 2. It is called Malacoides from paham a Mallow, becauie of tlie'Iiefemblancc which it bears of that Plant. TABLE XVI. Fig. 3. GENUS V. Abutilon, Yellow-mallow, a Plant with a Mallows-Flower, and a Fruit A, which in fome Manner refem- bles a little Head or Button, compofed of feveral little Husks or Sheaths B, fo dif- pofed round the Axle D, that each Cell C B, which is bivalve or opens into two Parts E, and enclofes Seeds F, found often fhapec} like a Kidney, is nicely jointed in to the cbrrefponding Chanels or Stria of the Axle. Its Species are, The Abutilon of Vodoneits. Pempt. 656. This is the Althaa Theophrafli , flore luteo ? the Marfh-mallows of Theophraftw, with a yellow Flower, according to C. B. Pin. 316. and the Altbdta Theophrajli , flore luteo, qui- bufdaw Abutilon , the Marlh-mallows of Theophrafitts with a yellow Flower, the A - butilon of fome Authors, according to J. B. 2. 958. It rivals the common Marfh-ma]lows in its downy Softnefs: The Root is final 1, and white, having fome few adnafeent Fi¬ bres, and of a fweetifh Tafte ; the Stalk is externally covered all over with a foft woolly Down, and hoary, leaving a fat- ifh oily Subftance ujion the Hand that touches it: Under the outward Bark,which is eafily peeled off, there lies a Wood white and hard, like that of the Willow', filled with a green juicy Pith; the Leaves are difpofed upon the Stalk in no Order, they Hand upon Footftalks a Hand-breadth in length, fometimes fhorter, they rfre broad, a! mo ft entirely round, if they did not end in a fharp Point, and covered over with a hoary velvet Down; from their An¬ gles with the Stalk the Branches ihoot, and the Flowers from the fa rite Part, which re¬ ferable thole of the Water-Avens, of a deep Yellow, chinelftd or ftreaked, and cut into five Segfheiits, with a Knot of yel¬ low Chived handing in the Middle: The K * • whole 66 The Conmeat Herbal. whole Flower is fupported and encompafTed by five hoary woolly Leaves; they are fuc¬ ceeded by little woolly Heads or Buttons, fomewhat fmaller than the Walnut, flat upon their upper Part, compofed of ten or twelve flat broadifh Husks ending in a (harp Point, and circularly difpofed; they enclofe flat, brownish, femicircular Seeds, that contain a white, lweet Pulp or Pith ; it is an annual Plant, that lives but a fhort Time ; it is cultivated in Gardens: Cafpar Bauhtn found it between Ferrara and Bono- ttia, four Foot in height. Abutilon of the Indies , Abut lion Indie urn, B. 2. 959. and of Camerarins. Hort. 3. Tab. 1. A lt baa Tbeophraflt fimilis. C.B. Pin . 316. The Flower is of a pale or whitifli yellow Colour, and (lands upon a Footftalk which is hairy,as is the Stalk and the young Leaves, but not of that filken Softnefs as the com¬ monly known Abutilon or Yellow-mallows of Italy ; The Footftalks ftretch out or di¬ vide into Fibres, and furnifh Veins or Nerves to the Leaves, which upon one Side are of a paler, and upon the other of a deeper Green; at the Joints the Stalk is of a reddifh Brown; the Flower is fucceeded by a blackifh Fruit or Husk, falhioned like a Star, which contains a black Seed : The external Husk is of a Colour from a Green inclining to a Yellow 5 the Root is of a pale Colour and fibrous. Indian Abutilon, with Vine-Leaves, and a Fruit divided into five feminal Cells, A - bmilon Indicant, fronde pampinea , fruElu quinquecapfulari : This is the Cata-Beloeren of the Horttu Malabar teas. 6. 79. It rifes with a Stem two or three Foot in height, the Branches are of a brownifh Co¬ lour, and fomewhat hairy, the Root fi¬ brous ; the Leaves are thick, foft, divided into five Points, toothed like a Saw about the Edges, and fland upon long, hairy Footftalks; the middle Rib has three prin¬ cipal Branches, and feldom fpreads into more; upon their upper Side they are of a dark, and upon the under Side of a brighter Green ; they have neither Tafte nor Smell; the Flowers are of a Colour from a pale Green inclining to a Yellow, ftreaked in their in- feriour Parts with fame confpicuous Veins running lengthways, and folded into fmall wrinkles; from their concave Centre rifes a Style or Pointal fomewhat thick and long, of a purple Colour, at the Top it divides it felf into two Parts which fpread into Filaments of a purple Colour, and thin as the fineft Silk, and (lands (unround¬ ed with red Stamina or Threads, crowned with brownifli Chives; the Flower-Cup is compofed of five Leaves, and at the little Footftalk is encompafTed with feven, eight often nine, little narrow Leaves; the Flow¬ ers are fucceeded by a Fruit, which confifts of five feminal Cells, flat, hairy, and of a blackifh Colour ; the Seeds are trilateral, two whereof are flat, and the third Con¬ vex, and of a blackifh red Colour : It de¬ lights in a fandy Soil, and is never with¬ out Flowers and Leaves; it grows in plen¬ ty in Angecaimal. Abutilon, with rough hairy Stalks, a fharp-pointed Leaf, and a fmall Fruit fa- fhioned like a Star, Abutilon caulibtu afperis , hirfutis, folio acuto , fruttu miner e, flellato: This is the Alt baa caulibus afperis , hirtis, flore incarnato , parvo, Marfh-mallows with rough, hairy Stalks, and a fmall Flower of an incarnate Colour, in the Prodrom. Par. Batav. African Abutilon , with wrinkled Leaves, and little woolly Husks of Oldenland, Abu- tilon Africanum, foliis rugofis , & filiculis la - nuginofis . Oldenl . The greateft American Abutilon, having the Footftalks and Nerves of the Leaves of a purplifh Colour, Abutilon Americanum maximum, pediculo o foliorum nervis purpu- rafeentibus. Lignon. American Abutilon , with the largeft Leaf, and a hoary Stalk, Abutilon Americanum , ampliffimo folio , caule villofo . Plumier . Shrubby Abutilon of America y with a roundifh Lea£ a yellow Flower, and a greater Fruit, with a prickly Point, Abu¬ tilon Americanumy fruticofum , folio fubrotundo , flore luteOy fruttu aculeato majori. Plumier. Shrubby Abutilon of Americay with an oblong Leaf, a yellow Flower, and a fmaller Fruit, with a prickly Point, Abu¬ tilon Americanumy fruticofum, folio oblongo , fare luteo, fruElu aculeato minori. Plum . Marfh Abutilon of America, having its Flowers (landing in pyramidal Spikes,fmall, and of a whitifh Colour, Abutilon Ameri¬ canum 7he Compleat Herbal. 6j cantim y paluftre, fpica flor urn pyramidald, flore parvo exalbido. Plumier. Tis the firft Species which is of ufe, and is the Abutilon or yellow Mallows of the Shops; the Leaves externally appliedcleanfe Ulcers, and are ufed for that end by Sur¬ geons in their Lotions; the Seed expels Urine, and the Stone. TABLE XVII. GENUS VI. Ketmia, P a Plant with a Flower of one entire Leaf A, of the expanded Bell-lhape, and nothing different from a Mallows-Flower, the Pointal D, which is fixed like a Nail in the bottom Part B of the Flower, rifes from the Flower-Cup C, and is afterwards changed into a Fruit E, divided into feveral leminal Cells F, opening from the Top downwards G,and cnclofing many Seeds H. Its Species are, Ketmia of Syria, Ketmia Syrorum quibuf- dam. C. B. Pin. 31 6 . This is the Alcea arbo- refeens , Syriaca ejufdemy the Syrian Tree Vervain-mallows of the fame Author, Ibid. and the Alcea arborefeens, glabra , Ketmia ditta, finooth Tree-Vervain-mallows, called Ketmia , of J. B. 2. 957. It rifes like a Shrub with lignous Stems, covered with a blackifh Bark, as are the Branches into which they ipread : The Leaves are angular, cut into Tome few Jaggs, and toothed like a Saw about the Edges, upon the upper Side of a deep Green, and of a paler underneath; they are difpo¬ led in no regular Order; the Flowers Hand upon the higheft Brandies, large as a Rofe, and elegantly beautiful; they are cut into five Segments, of a white Colour, firiped with many purple Veins: The Bottom of the Flower is of a bright Purple; from the Centre rife many yellow Threads, and a white Style or Pointal, which divides it felf into leveral Parts. Cafpar Banbin fays, that the Flowers of this Plant arc of a red purpliih, and that in length of Time they turn to a blue Colour; it is this Species, which for the Beauty of its Flower is fo carefully cultivated in our Gardens, under the title of Althaa frutex or Ihrub Marfh- mallows. Syrian Ketmia, with a Flower of a pur¬ ple and violet Colour mixed, Ketmia Syro - runty flore purpuro-violaceo : This is the Al¬ cea Syriac a, flore purpuro-violaceo , Syrian Vervain-mallows, with a Flower of a pur¬ ple-violet Colour, in the Catalogue of Plants in the Royal Garden at Paris. Syrian Ketmia, with Flowers party-co¬ loured with white and red, Ketmia Syro¬ rum y florihu ex albo & rubro variis : This is the Alcea Syriac ay floribut ex albo & rubro variijy Syrian Vervain-mallows, with Flow¬ ers of a red and white intermixed, in the Catalogue of Plants in the Royal Garden at Paris . Syrian Ketmia, with a yellow Flower, Ketmia Syrorum flore flavo : This is the Al- thaa arborefcenSy glabra t Ketmia Syrorum ditta, flore fiavo y irnooth Tree-Marfh-mal¬ low, called Syrian Ketmia, with a yellow Flower, in Hermanns Catalogue of Plants in the Garden at Leyden. African Ketmia, with a poplar Leaf, Ket- mia Ajricanay populi folio : This is the Althaa rojea peregrina y forte Rofa Mofcheutot Plinii y foreign Rofe Marfh-mallows, perhaps the Rofa Mofcheutos of Plinyy according to Cor nut hs. 144. The Stalks are round, green, full of Pith, in a Word, like thole of the Mallows: The Leaves are roundifii, underneath greyifh, with a fine loft Down, more green above; •the Top of each Stalk is adorned with feve¬ ral little green Buttons, each handing up¬ on round Footftalks, furrounded upon all Sides with many little oblong narrow Leaves; thefe Leaves lboot from the Bale of the Button, and are placed at certain Diftances in a beautiful Order, encompafi¬ fing the Button like Rails; the Button, when ripe, opens into five Parts, and dif- clofes five broad Leaves, or rather Segments, which reprelent a Rofe-Flower, like unto, but larger than a Hollyhock; in the mid¬ dle Hands a Tuft of white Threads encom- pafling the Pointal, which rflues out of the green Button or Husk; it flowers about the end of Auguji ; for the Beauty of its K 2 Flowcis The Compleat Herbal. Flowers It is transplanted from the African Woods into the Gardens Of the Ciirious; the Stalks perifh every Year, but the Root, which is white, long, and t'oligh, outlives the Winter. African Ketmia, with a poplar Leaf, hoary underneath, and a greenifh Stalk, Ketn ia Africana, populi folio, fabtus incano , caule virefcente : This is the Althaa Indica, ulmi folio , pragrandis , fabtus incana, flore amplo purpureo, great Indian Marfh-mallows, with an Elm-Leaf, hoary underneath, and a large purple Flower of Pluknet. Tab. 6. Fig. 3. The lower Leaves of this Plant are intire and undivided, the higher are cut into three Jaggs, and whitifh underneath; it is called by Bannifter , in his Catalogue of Virginian Plants, Altk&a magna, quinque - capful ar is, foliis integris , fabtus albic antibus , floribus magnis, great Marfh-mallows, with undivided Leaves, whitifh underneath, large Flowers, and a Fruit confiding of five feminal Cells. Ray. African Ketmia, having a little membra¬ nous Bladder that covers the feminal Veflel, a Leaf divided into three Parts, and a pur¬ ple Flower, Ketmia Africana, vefie aria, fo¬ lio tripartite , flore purpureo: This is the Al - cea Africana, fen veficaria , trifolia , flore pur- pur eo, African Vervain-mallows, with a Trefoil-Leaf, and a purple Flower, of Bar - relier. Icon . Indian Ketmia, with a Poplar-Leaf, and a round flat Fruit, Ketmia Indie a, populi folio, fruElu orbiculato , comprejfo : The Bupa- Ati of the Hortus Maiabaricus. 1. 51. Indian Ketmia, with a Lime-Tree*Leaf, Ketmia Indica tilia folio 1 The Pariti or the • r dipariti of the Hortus Alai abaricus. 1.55. Theie two lafl Species are deferibed by Ray, the one under the title of Alcea Ma¬ labar ica Abutili folio, flore majore , ex albo fla- vefeente , Bupariti Malabarenfium ; the other under the title of Alcea Malabarica , Abutili folio, flore minore, ex albo flavefeente, exte- riiis fabafpero ; Pariti , feu Talipariti Malaba- renfibus. Indian Ketmia,. with a Cotton-Leaf, of an acid Tafte,, like Sorrel, Ketmia Indica, GoJJ'ypii folio, acetofa fapore, Indian Marfh- mallows, with a Leaf like that of the Cot¬ ton-Plant, and of a Tafte like Sorrel, of Herman. H> Lpgd. Ba f . It has a whitifh fibrous Root, that dies every Year; the Stalk is three Foot high, green, fmooth, fomet'imes cornered, branch¬ ed, and of a Subftance that may be drawn into Threads like Flax; the Leaves have three Lobes, are of a pleafant agreeable Green, ftand upon long Footftalks, 1 and in Form and Bignefs approach to the Leaves of the Cotton-Plant; from their Angles with the Stalk or Branches the Flowers rife upon iliort Footftalks; they are large, and of an incarnate Colour, cut into five Seg¬ ments, with a Pointal of the fame Colour, cluftered with Chives ftanding in the mid¬ dle; they are fupported by a five-leaved Flower-Cup, out of which, when the Flowers are faded, rifes an oblong membra¬ nous Seed-Veflel, pentagonal, and divided into five Cells, enclofing brownifh flat Seeds; the Leaves have a fowrifh and fome- what clammy Tafte; the Stalks of this Plant, as thofe of the Flax with us, are drawn into Threads, and are ufed for the making of Ropes, for which end the In¬ dians fow it yearly in their Fields and Gar¬ dens. Tree-Ketmia of America, with a Mal- lows-Leaf, of an acid Tafte, like Sorrel, Ketmia Americana, arbor efee ns, malvte folio , acetofa fapore. Plumier. Ketmia of China , with a roundifh Fruit, and a Angle Flower, Ketmia Sinenfis, fruElu fabrotundo, flore fimplici : This is the Althcta arbor ea, rofe a, Sinenfis , flore fimplici , Tree, Rofe Marfh-mallows of China , with a Angle Flower, in Hermans Catalogue of Plants jn the Garden at Leyden; and the Rofa Sinenfis, quinquefolia, the five-leaved Rofe of China, of Perrarius . Flor. 493. The Root is white, lignous, and branch¬ ed, with numerous Fibres lfluing from it; the Stem or Trunk is of a pale Colour, Angle and Anooth, from its upper Part it fhoots various Branches, which widely ftretch and expand, and is of a Subftance white and flefhy like the Fig-Tree; the Leaves are placed in an alternate Order, two in Oppofition, big as the Vine-Leaf, rough like the Fig-Leaf, and in Shape re- fernbling both, or rather the angular Ivy- The Commie at Herbal 1 - 69 Leaf, they -are however notched about the Edges, and fomewhat cornered ; abpve, they are of a grafly Green, below, whiti fh; and upon both Sides diBinguifhed with branchy Nerves or Veins, of a pale green Colour, and rough, with a woolly Down : Their FootBolks are thick and rough, very Jong, often a Hand-breadth in length, at firfl green, afterwards in their upper Parts, reddilh; they fall before the Winter Sol- Bice : The Flowers Band in green Husks, divided into five Parts, at the Tops of the Branches, in lome they are fingle, confin¬ ing of five, fix, eight, or ten large crump¬ led Leaves, or rather Segments, for it is com- pofed but of one fingle Leaf deeply cut, in others ’tis double; they are all white, with a fmall Blufh towards the Edges ; when they have continued for Lome Time blown, they change to a deeper Blufh, and ftill as they fade, deeper; thefe changes are often feen in one and the fame Day, yet fome- times not in two or three Days: Ferrarins enlarges eloquently upon this mutation of Colours, as if "twere miraculoufly fingular, when a tis obferved in the Flowers of gather Plants, as of the Echium Scorpioides , and the Pentillaria of Rondeletim ; in the middle of the Flowers there Bands a green Head or Button, encompafled with many yellow Threads like the Rofe, which when grown to maturity, Blows feveral Ridges and Fur¬ rows on the Outfide, and is divided with¬ in into various Cells, diBinguifhed by their feveral membranous Partitions, which enclofe fmall, long, round, crooked, and reddifh Seed, fomewhat hairy upon the hack or gibbous Part, 163 Seeds have been numbered in one Seed-VefTel ; thofe who defire a larger and more circumftantiated Defcription, may confult Mr. Ray and Bap - tifla Ferraritts de Fl or ton Cdtura. Ketmia of China , with a roundifh Fruit, and a full Flower, Ketmia Sinenfts, frail a fubrotundo , flore pleno : This is the Sinenfls Rofle arbufcda of Ferrarias. Flor. 485. Marfh-Keunia, with a purple Flower, Ketmia palufiris, flore ptirpureo : This is the Althaa paluflris of C. B, Fin . 316. the Al- th not of fo deep a Green 72 The Commie at Herbal. underneath, but more hairy, and of a vif- cid clammy Talle; the Flowers are fmaller than thole of the common Vervain-mal¬ lows, but more elegantly beautiful, from a yellow inclining to a gralfy Colour, but the Bottoms of the Segments are purplifh ; in the middle hands, a Knap or Pointal furrounded with bright yellow Chives, encompaffed and covered with a little firiped, hairy, membranous Bladder; the Seed or Seed-Veflcl is not defcribed, but they are without doubt the fame with thofe of the following Species, which dif¬ fers but little from this. African Ketmia, with little membranous Bladders, Ketmia V"eftcarid ,' Africana ; At-' cea l r efie aria Capitis boat Spei , Hour-Mallows from the Cape of Good Hope , of Morifon. Hifi. Ox on. Part. 2. 533. In a fertile Soil it riles with a Stalk two Foot high, round, firm, and armed with fome few Thorns or Prickles.; the Leaves fhoot fingly at certain intervals, handing upon long Foothalks; they relemble thole of the Vervain-mallows, are cut into three remarkable Jaggs, of a dark g-reenifii Co¬ lour above, and have their Nerves or Veins covered with fhort and lcarce perceptible Hairs; from the Angles of the Leaves with the Stalk, the Flowers rife upon Foothalks a Hand-breadth in length, they are cut in¬ to five Segments of a whitifli Yellow ,• the Bottoms of their Leaves.of a dark Pur* pie, with many little Stamina or Threads in the middle, fupporting yellow Chives; the Edge of each little Segment is etfterna l- ly tipt or hrenked with a retldifh purple Colour; the Flower-Cup is large, cbanel- led, and divided into five fharp Segments, ■which before the Flower is blown, and af¬ ter it is faded, remain clofely contracted ; when the Flower is decayed, the Cup fwells into a great chanelled hairy Bladder, which covers a large, oblong, hairy Seed- Veflel, which is of a blackilh Colour when ripe, and divided lengthways into five fe- minal Cells, each whereof contains two Rows of Seeds, from a blue inclining to a blackilh Colour when fully ripe, and in fhape nearly refembling thole of the com¬ mon Vervain-mallows : The Flower-Cup is encompafied, and as it were railed about with a Circle of lharp-pointed narrow 3 Leaves; about Noon, the Sun flaming bright, efpecially in a wet Seafon, the Flower opens, and in an Hour or two af¬ terwards fhuts again ; the Fence Vervain- mallows has fpotted Flowers, difiinguilhed with white circular Lines; the African Vervain-mallows has purple Flowers, but not fo much difiinguilhed with Spots, ac- cordingto the Obfervation of Herman. Shrubby American Ketmia, with a Mul¬ berry-Leaf, and a purple Flower, Ketmia Americana , frutefeens, mori folio , fore pur- pureo. Plumier. 'American Ketmia, with a large Leaf, fhaped like a Heart, and a variegated Flower, Ketmia Americana , folio ampliffimo cordiformi , fore vario. Plumier. American Ketmia, with a large cornered Leaf, and a rough hairy Fruit, fhaped like a Shield, Ketmia Americana , amplijfmo fo¬ lio,. angulato, fruttu hifpido, clypeato. Pin- micr. The Flowers and Leaves of the Ketmia or Indian Vervain-mallows, may be ap¬ plied to the fame Ules as thofe of the Mal¬ lows. The Seeds of the Ab-el-mofch, or Bamia mofehata of the * Shops, are tiled by the Egyptians in their Caova y efieemed to firengthen the Head, Heart, and Stomach. TABLE XVIIL GENUS VII. Xylon, The Cotton-Plant, TS a Plant with a Flower A, of one Angle ■*" Leaf, of the expanded Bell-fhape, cut into feveral Segments, from the Bottom whereof rifes a hollow pyramidal Tube or Knap C, adorned and loaded, for the molt Part, with many Chives; from the Flower- Cup E, the pointal D fhoots, which is fixed like a Nail in the bottom Part of the Flower B, and of the Tube C, and is after¬ wards changed into a roundilh Fruit F, divided into four or more feminai Cells G, opening or gaping at the Top H I, and en- clofing Seeds K, covered over with, and enwrapped within, that foft ductile Wool L M, commonly known by the Name of Cotton. . Its 1 % V -v . . ' ’• . « \ ' I I -V The Comfleat Herbal. 73 Its Species are, Tree-Cotton, Xylon arboreum. J. B. i. 54 6 . This is the Gojfypium arboreum, caule levi , Tree-Cotton with a fmooth Stalk, of C S. Pin. 340. and the Gojfypium arboreum, Goine M. Segiar, of Profper Alpinni. sAigypt. 29. It has a dark purple Flower. This Tree-Cotton rifes to the Height of ten Cubits, with a woody Stem and Bran¬ ches; the Leaves, when fully grown, are deeply cut into five Jaggs, of which the two lowermoft, and the higher or Jongeft are enlarged with a fmall leafy Excrefcence: The Branches whereon they Hand are of a violet Colour; the Flowers rife at the ends of the final ler Sprigs, two or three together, upon (lender Footftalks, they are of a dark purple Colour, and (land on a broad Husk of two Leaves very much jagged at the Tops, and are deeply cut into five Seg¬ ments, having in the Middle a ftift reddifh Pointal encompafled with ^ five yellow Threads, which are thruft off by the Fruit, which fwells into a round Ball or Button, covered over with a hard greenifh Skin, which opening when ripe, dilclofesa Lump of pure white Wool, endofing feveral blackifh Seeds, of the Bignefs of Pepper- Corns, but not fo round, lying not in clufters, but difperfed thro' the Lump, fingly one in a Place, having a white fweet- ifh Kernel within. Tree-Cotton, with a yellow Flower, Xylon arboreum, flore flavo : This is the Goj - Jypium arboreum, flore flavo , in Hermans Catalogue of Plants in the Garden at Ley¬ den. Tree-Cotton, with a thorny Stalk, Xy¬ lon arboreum, caule fpinofo : Gojfypium arbo¬ reum, caule fpinofo . C. B. 430. the Bambage Indiana of Pona. Ital. 37. Mr. Ray takes this Species to be the Moul- Elavou, or the thorny Cotton-Tree in the Hortus Alalabaricus. P . 3. T.^2.p.6i. and thus defcribes it. 'Tis a tall and lofty Tree, exceeding fifty Foot in height, and eighteen in thicknels, before it (hetches out into Branches; the Wood is lofr, brittle, and brownilh, co¬ vered with a thick, lofr, afh-colourcd Bark, reddiHi, and rough within, adorned with many rigid, black, fmooth, and fhining Scales, armed upon all Sides with Prickles: The Thorns that (hoot near to the Origine of the- Trunk fall off in Time, but thole upon the higher Branches remain and con¬ tinue, for which reafon 'tis that the Apes never climb thofe Trees; the Root is of a whitilh Colour, thick, fibrous, and co¬ vered with a reddifh, yellowilli and knotty Bark, fharp to the Talle, but of no fmeli; the Leaves are infipid, and without fmeli, undluous when rubbed between the Hands, not unlike the Leaves of the Panja, long, round, fmooth, and ftreaked or ftriped with green, Handing feveral together, in a circular Difpofition, upon Footftalks, knot¬ ty at their Rife; the Flowers are odorife¬ rous, a Hand-breadth in bignefs, they Hand feveral together at the Extremities of the little Branches, fupported by thick Flower- Cups, of a denle Subftance, greenifti with¬ in, and yellowilli without, and are cut into five Segments or feeming Leaves, ob¬ long, thick, and of a (Lining purple Co¬ lour, without they are woolly and refled- ed; in their middle Hand many thick, long, and reddifh Threads, with black and hooked Chives, in a double Row fur¬ rounding a fplit or divided Pointal, which is the Fruit it felf in Embryo; befides, there is obferved in the concave Centre of the Flower a bluilh pellucid Liquor or Moifturc, agreeably fweet and pleafant to the Tafte; the Fruit is every Way the fame with that of the Panja, except that the Seeds lie difpofed in their Cells, not in a triple, but double Row. It grows every where commonly in Ma¬ labar ; fixteen Years after it is fown it bears Fruit, which it ripens every Year after¬ wards in the Months of February and March , and continues fruitful for two hundred Years and upwards. Herb or lhrtib Cotton, Xylon five Gojfy- pium herbaceum. J.B . 1.343. It riles with a woody Stalk two Foot high, covered with a reddifh, hairy Bark, and divided into feveral fhort Branches; the Leaves nearly refemble thofe of the Vine in lliape, are equal to thofe of the Maple, rough, and Hand upon hairy Foot¬ ftalks, two or three Inches long; the Flowers are of a pale Yellow, tin&ured L about 74 ’ The Com fie at Herbal. about the Edges and Centre with a beau¬ tiful Purple, in fhape like ro thole of the Mallows; they are iucceeded by a Fruit en- clofed within,a rough blackifh Husk, big as a Filberd, and when ripe, opening into three or four brittle, fpotted, and hollow¬ ed Segments, or Paniti6ns, which difclofe a Flake of tnod delicate loft dubfilc Wool or Cotton, containing within it feveral Seeds, like finall Peafe, having a tender Shell, to which the Wool clofely dicks, and a white fweetifh Kernel; the Fruit hangs upon a Footftalk above an Inch in length, iffuing from a thickilli Flower- Cup; each of the hollowed Segments into which the Fruit fplits, have a middle Par¬ tition running lengthways, as if before the Fruit was ripened they had been united and conjoined in its Centre. It is plentifully fown in Candy , Lemnos , and between Jerufalem and Damajcus , where w r hole Fields are feen of it ; and in Cyprus , Malta, and Sicily, where it grows in Plenty, as likewife in the Kingdom of Naples. It is fown in tilled Grounds in the Spring of the Year, and reaped and cut down in Harveft, as Corn with us; the Ground mud be tilled and fown again the next Year, and ufed in fuch Sort as we do the Tillage for Corn and Grain; it is a Plant of one Year, and perilheth when it hath perfe&ed its Fruit, as many other Plants do. American Cotton-Plant, with an oblong, fharp-pointed Fruit, Xylon Americamm , fruttu oblongo , acuminato. Lignon. The mod excel let it American Cotton- Plant, with a greenifh Seed, Xylon Ameri- canum, prafianiijfimum , fmine virefeente. Lignon . Cotton has many Ufes too well known to be here infilled upon, as we fee from the Defcriptions given; J tis the Wool which is contained within a kind of brown- ifh Shell or Fruit growing upon a Shrub or Bulb; for it is the Xylon Herbaceum , the Herb or Shrub Cotton, which furnifhes the vad Quantities of that Wool fo much tiled in our Parts of the World ; it comes in great Quantities from all the Iflands, and the Natives take great Care in cultiva¬ ting of it; there are feveral Sorts of Cot¬ ton fold, which only differ according to the Countries from whence they come, and the various Preparations. made of them • the fird is the Cotton in the Wool, that is to fay, that which comes from the Shell; from which only we take the Seed ; thofe Cottons come from Cyprus, Smyrna, Cc. the lecoiid is the Cotton in the Yarn which comes from Damafcus; the Jerufalem Cottons, which are called Ba&acs, the bed of all that are loid : See more relating to this Subjed in The Hiftory of Drugs, p. 1*54. As to the medicinal Ules; the black Seeds are only uled in the Shops; they are edeemed pe&oral, proper in A Mimas, Coughs, to encreale Seed, confolidate Wounds, to dop Dyl'enteries, Fluxes or Scourings of the Belly, fpitting of Blood, &c. There is an Oil prepared from them, ad¬ mirable for clearing the Skin of all Spots and Freckles, and to beautify the ftce, and has the fame Virtues with the Oil of Cokar-Kernels, made after the fame Man¬ ner by the Natives, efpecially in the Ifland of Affumptm, from whence aimod all the Cokars we now fell are brought; the Wool burnt and held under the Nofe to receive the Fumes, cures fits of the Mo¬ ther, or the Suffocation of the Womb, as ’tis called. The Flowers are edeemed vulnerary: Vomet fays, he has oblerved one Thing of the Cotton-Flowers, not known to any Authors, or at lead not taken Notice of; which is, that the Flowers wrapped up in the Leaves of the fame Tree, and baked or roaded over a Fire of burning Coals,, yield a reddifh vilcous Oil, that cures in a little Time old Banding Ulcers; he has often experienced it, he lays, with very good Succels. The Egyptians ufe the Wool of the Tree- Cotton, (for the Herb or Shrub-Cotton is not lown with them,) to cleanfe and cure all Wounds and Ulcers; it is applied by them too to dop a Flux of Blood; the Mucilage of the Seeds is in frequent ufe among them in ail Burning Fevers, and as beneficial againd Poiions, and in all fharp and laltirn Rheums or Dtfluxions. The Bark of the Moul Elavou or the thorny Tree-Cotton, powdered, and with the Juice of Lemons reduced into the Form of > - v ... ■ ■ r • **• ' ■ .'- 'i >- - A. ' The Commie at Herbal. 75 ef a Liniment, allays all Inflammations, colle&ed in the concave Centre of the and confolidates fra&ured Bones: The Bark Flower, adminifle/ed with the Leaves cf of the Root is an excellent Emetic; that Tamarinds, powerfully evacuates allWatry fweet Moiflure or Liquor which flands Humours by Stool and Urine. Ray. SECT. VIL Qf Herbs , with a Flower confining of one fingle Leaf in the Shape of a Bell, and a Flower Cup changing for the mojl Part into a flefhy Fruit. TABLE XIX. Fig. i. GENUS I. Bryonia, Bryony , I S a Plant, with Flowers of one Angle Leaf AC, of the expanded Bell-fhape, cut into feveral .Segments, and fo clofely embraced by the Flower-Cup B D, that they cannot be disjoined or feparated: Of the Flowers fome are barren A, adhering to no Embryo; others fruitful, refling upon the Embryo E, which afterwards changes into a round or oval Fruit F, en^ cloflng roundifh Seeds G H : To thefe Cha- radieri(ticks we mult add the Tendrils, with which, as with Hands, the Bryony gra(ps and mounts upon every adjoining Prop. Its Species are, Rough or white Bryony, with red Ber- ries, Bryonia afpera five alba , baccis rubris . C. B. Pin. 397. This is the Vitis alba five Bryonia , White Vine or Bryony of J. B. 2. 143 . and the Bryonia alba or white Bryony of Dodoneus. Pempt. 400 . White Bryony. It has a large white Root, as big as a Man's Arm, divided into feveral thick Fibres, of a pungent, bitter, and rank Tafle; being dried, it appears iomewhat like the Mechoacan Root, for it has Circles 01 Ring/, but is diflinguifhed from it, in that it is not of fo compa& a Subftance, but fungous and fpungy, and of a bitter unplea.fant Tafle ; the Stalks are of a great Length, (lender, clianelled, and fomewhat hairy, furnifhed with Tendrils, by the help whereof it widely fpreads and di'ffufes it ielf, and climbs upon every adjoining Prop; the Leaves refemble thole of the Ivy, are angular, rough, and hoary, of a grcen- i(h Colour, or waved with (ome whitifh Lines travelfing th^m.; the Flowers flhoot out feveral together upon branchy Foot- ftalks, they are rotuidifh, divided into five Segments, of a whitifh Colour inclining to a Green; the Berries are round, about the Bignefs of a Pea, fir A green, then red, encloflng feveral round Seeds, beimeared with a-Sort of Sljme ; it grows every where about Hedges and Woods, but efpecialJy in cold and temperate‘Climates. White Bryony, with black, Berries, Bryo¬ nia alba, baccis nigris. C. B. Pin . 297. This is the Bryonia nigra , the black Bryony of Do- donetu . Pempt. 399. /. This Species differs nothing-from the firfl, but in the Colour of its Roots and Berries: The Roots of this are of a pale Yellow, or Box-Colour on the Inflde, and the Berries black when ripe, whereas thole of the other are within of a Colour from a white inclining to a yellowilh, and the Berries red. Bryony 0 £Zeylan, having Leaves cut in¬ to deep ] iggs, and a large Fruit, Bryonia Zeylanica , foliis in profunda* lacini as divi]is 7 frptolu wajori: This is the Balfamina fcandens L 2 ftH The Comp lent Herbal. 16 feu Mom or die a Indie a, fat id a, Bryonioides frullu Uvi, majori, rubro. Par ad if. Bat. 103. Bryony of Zeylan, with Leaves cut into deep Jaggs, and a fmall Fruit, Bryonia Zey - lanica, foliis in profundas lacinias divifis , frutlu minori: This is the Bryonia Zeylanica, foliis prof unde laciniatis, or Bryony of /*» with Leaves deeply jagged, in Hermans Catalogue of the Plants in the Garden at Leyden . Smooth African Bryony, with Leaves cut into deep Jaggs, and a yellow Flower, Bryonia Africana, glabra , foliis in profundas lacinias divifis, flore luteo . Oldenland. This is the Bryonia Africana , glabra, foliis profunde feftis, tenuioribus , or fmooth African Bryony, with thin Bender Leaves, deeply cut, in Hermans Batavian Paradife. Jagged African Bryony, with a tuberous Root, and grafly Flowers, Bryonia Afri¬ cana, laciniata , tuberoja radice , floribus her - haceis, in Hermans Batavian Paradife . Ciuftered Bryony, with Fig-Tree Leaves, Bryonia racemoja, foliis ficulneis. Plum. 83. American Bryony, with a red Olive- Fruit, Bryonia Americana , r«- Plumier. Creeping, American Bryony, with a fmooth, cornered Leaf, Bryonia Americana , repens, folio angulato, hex//. Creeping American Bryony, with a rough, cornered Leaf, Bryonia Americana repens, folio angulato , afpero. Bryony of Canada , with an angular Leaf, and a black Fruit, Bryonia Canadenfis, folio angulato, ; This is the Cucumis parva, repens, Virginiana , fruElu minimo, or fmall creeping Virginian Cucumber, with the fmalleft Fruit, of Banifer, according to Pluknet . Phytog. Tab . 85. 5. / Spotted Bryony of Candy, Bryonia Cretica vtaculata . C. Pi#. 2 97. It has a long Root, but not fo big as the common Sort, and in this different, that it wants the circular Lines or Rays; the Leaves are ftnaller than thofe of the common Bryony, marked or Breaked with white Lines or Spots: The Flowers are larger, and hang upon long Foot Balks; each Flower is fucceeded by a femi-circular Fruit, divided at the Top into two Parts, and ap¬ pearing as if it were a double Berry, where¬ fore it was called Dicoccos; it is green at firfl, but red when ripe, and contains two Seeds; in every Thing elfe it agrees with the common Sort; according to Ray, this is the Bryonia alba maculata, or white, fpotted Bryony, of J. Bauhin ; the Cretica Dicoccos , Bryony of Candy , with double Berries, of Parkinfon; and the Bryonia Creti¬ ca of Pona. The name Bryonia, is derived from the Greek word £pv», fignifying to ihoot, fpring, or bud, becaufe ’tis a Plant of a luxuriant Growth. Tis the firft Species, the Bryonia afpera, five alba, baccis rubris, of C. B. &c. which is of common Ufe ,* the Leaves of this Plant are infipid, glutinous, and give no tin¬ cture of Red to the blue Paper; the Root tinctures it deeply, it is bitter, and of a moB unpleafant Smell andTafle; which gives ground to conjecture that the Acid of the Salt-Armoniac which is predominant in this Plant, lies more difengaged in the Roots than in the Leaves, where it is fettered in a greater Quantity of Sulphur: By a chy- mical Analyfis the Roots yield much fetid Oil, a large Quantity of acid Liquor, and a confiderable Quantity of volatile con¬ creted Salt: The Roots, the Tendrils, and the Seeds of Bryony are powerfully pur¬ gative, and remove the moB obBinate Ob- BrucBions ,• wherefore it is, that this Plant is fuccefsfully ufed in the Dropfy, Gout, Epilepfy, ABhma, the hyBeric Paffion, Palfy, Vertigo, and in moB chronical Di- Bempers; the Root in Powder is given from 91 to 9115 the Juice from $11 to f/?, and the Dec^o&ion from IB to fl or flA. but in what manner foever this Root i3 ufed, it is good to correct it with Cream of Tartar, or vegetable Salt: Arnaud de Villeneuve relates, that he curejJan Epileptic Perfon with the Juice of the'Bryony-Root, in the Space of three Weeks; and Matthio- lus affirms, he faw a Lady perfectly cured of the hyBeric Paffion, by a DecocBion of an Ounce of this Root in white Wine, which (he drank every eighth Day for a Year together. The Juice is obtained from the Roots of Bryony after this Manner $ in the Spring lay open the Ground round the Root, cut off the upper Part, hollow that which remains in the Ground, then cover it with the Part cut off, and cover the jphole The Compleat Herbal. - 77 whole with Earth: next Morning you will find the Cavity of the hollowed Part filled with Juice, which being given to the Quantity of a Spoonful, purges gently downwards, and removes the Obftru6fions of the Liver, Pancreas, or other Parts of the lower Belly. An Extra# and a Facala is likewife prepared from this Root; to ob¬ tain the Extra#, (lice the Root fmall, in- fufe it in Wine, (train the Infufion and thicken it upon the Fire: The Facula is nothing elfe but that mealy earthy Part, mixed with a little Sulphur and Salt, which fettles and falls to the Bottom of the Veffel while the Juice is depurating, and the Juice being decanted, is taken out and dried: This Facula is ufed in the hyfleric Pills of Charras ; this Root, externally ap¬ plied, diffolves lcrophulous Tumours; the frefh Root bruifed, mixed with Linfeed- Oil, and applied hot, gives wonderful Re¬ lief in the fciatic Pain ; the Application muft be frequently repeated, till the whole morbific Matter tranfpires; it no lefs effe¬ ctually cures all livid Contufions. Diofcorides , Lib. 4. cap. 176. informs us, That the tender Shoots of the £[*mho< a€ux>i or white Bryony, were ufually eaten in the Spring to purge the Belly, and provoke Urine 5 the outward Application of the Leaves, Fruit and Root, by reafon of that (harp Quality they are poffefled of, cleanfes old filthy Sores, fretting and running Cankers, Gangrenes, and Tetters; the Root clears the Skin from all black livid Spots, Freckles, Morphew, &c. Bruifed and applied to any Place where the Bones arefra#ured, it draws out the Splinters; internally ufed, befides the Virtues already enumerated, Diofcorides farther tells us, that it provokes the Courfes, brings away the dead Child and After-Birth, cleanfes the Womb, if Women fit over and receive the Fumes of the Deco#ion, but that it is apt to caufe Abortion ; that it cleanfes the Reins and Kidneys, opens the Obflru#ions of the Spleen, waffs and confumes the hard Swellings thereof, &c K fometimes he fays it diforders Reafon, which is not at all dif- agreeable with modern Experience, for this Root is called by the Peafants Madnip, which if they happen to eat thro* inadver¬ tency in too great a Quantity, it turns them frantick; yea, they often run the Rifque of Death ; but when dried and du¬ ly prepared, it is of very good ufe in Me¬ dicine. TABLE XIX. Fig . a. GENUS II. Tamnus, Black,Bryony or our Lady s Seal , a Plant with monopetalous Flowers, of the expanded Bell-fhape, and cut into feveral Segments: Of the Flowers fome are barren A, adhering to no Embryo ; others fruitful B, adhering to the Embryo C, which is afterwards changed into a Berry D, for the moff Part of an oval Figure, having a thin membranous Husk or cover¬ ing F G, and enclofing roundifh Seeds E1 The Tamms or black Bryony has no Ten¬ drils. Its Species are, Clufler'd black Bryony, with a fmall Flower of a pale yellow Colour, Tamms racemofa , fiore minore Inteo-pallefcente : This is the Bryonia lavis five nigra racemofa , fmooth or black cluffered Bryony of C. B . Fin. 297. The Titis nigra qtiibafdam five Tam¬ ms Plinii folio Cyclamini , the black Vine or the Tamms oTPliny, with a Sow bread-Leaf, of J.B. 2. 147. and the Tit is fylvefiris of Dodonetts. Pempt . 401. The Root is large, thick, tuberous, al- moft round, black without, and white within, lying very deep in the Ground and of a fharp pungent Taffe vyhen frefh and green, but not in the leaf! difagreeable or bitter; when dried it appears of a moff white Subfiance, but without the circular Lines or Rings of the Bryony, nor is it of a rare and fungous, but compa# Subfiance, wherein it refembles the Mechoacan Root; it fends up feveral (lender Twigs or Stalks, which twine round every Prop, but have no clafpers; the Leaves rife in an alternate Order upon long Footflalks, in fhape very much like the Sow breadrLeaf, but often fharpe*- 7 8 The Commie at Herbal . fharper-pointed, and much fmaller, upon both Sides of a bright ihining Green, with many Nerve?, and of a vilcid Tafte, the Flowers rife From whence the Foot (talks of the Leaves (hoot, they hand together in Clufters, are divided into fix Segments, of a Colour from a Yellow inclining to a Green : They grow upon the Tops of the Berries upon fhort (lender Footftalk?, or rather upon the Embryo or infant Fruit, and decay before it is ripened; they are fucceeded by CluHers of red or brownifh Berries: It is Found commonly near to Hedges. Black Bryony bearing fingle Berries, with a greater white Flower, Tamnus bacci- ferd, flore majori albo: This is the Bryonia 4 l avis five nigra , baccifera of C. B. Pin. 297. and of J, B . 2. 149. This Species differs from the firft and common in this, that the Common has a fmaller Flower, and bears its Berries in Clufters, but this Sort has a larger Flower, and bears its Berries fingle, upon fingle and proper Footftalks; the Colour of the Flow¬ ers too is different. It is Found in the Woods near tp Hun- ningen ; flowers in J«(y,and ripens its Fruit in the end of September. Black pryonyiof .Amemd, with a Citrul- Leaf, Tamnus Americana, angaria folio. Plu- mier. Black Bryony of Candy, with a Leaf cut into three Divifions, Tamms* Cretica, trifido folio. As to the Virtues of this Plant, Bota- nifts don’t agree; Pena and Lobel affirm, that the Root is powerfully diuretic ; bruif- ed and applied to Contufion?, it cures them in a little Time. Toarn. Hift . dcs Plantes , aax environs de Paris. It cuts and attenuates the tough vifeid Phlegm, and may conlequently Be proper in Diftempers of the Lungs and Breaft. 'Cafipar Hoffman fays, he never found any purgative Quality in it; and 'Lifter' affirms, that tho’.he frequently adminiftred both the Root in Subftance, and its Extra 61 in a large Dofe, yet he could never difcover that it operated either by Stool or Vomit, or by any other fenfible Evacuation. The Powder of the Root reduced into the Form of a Cataplafm with Vinegar 3 and Cow-Dung, affwages gouty Pains. Ray Hift. T A B L E XIX. Fig. 3. GENUS III. Sicyoides, IS a Plant with monopetalous Flowers, of x the expanded Bel 1 -fhape, cut into feve- ral Segments: Of the Flowers, fome are barren A, adhering to no Embryo; others are fruitful B, growing or refting upon the Embryo, or firft Rudiment of the Fruit C, which is afterwards changed into a Fruit D, like that of the Almond-Tree, flefhy, prickiy, collected into a little Head or Button, and under a thin Husk or Skin en- clofes one Angle Seed E. Its Species are, American Sicyoides, with a prickly Fruit, and angular Leaves, Sicyoides Americana , fraSla echinato , foliis angaUtis: This is the Cacamis Canadenfis , monofipermos , jruffu echi- natq, the Cucumber of Canada, enclofing one fingle Seed, and bearing a prickly Fruit,, in Hermans Batavian Paradifie • and th e Bryonioides Canadenfis, villojo frttllu, mo¬ nofipermos, a Plant of Canada, relembling the Bryony, having a rough Fruit, con¬ taining one folitary Seed, of the fame Au¬ thor. American Sicyoides, with a prickly Fruir, and jagged Leaves, Sicyoides Americana, fruffia echinato , foliis laciniatis. Flamier. The Appellation imports a cucurbita- ceous ITant, for the Greek word oik. os fig- nifics a Cucumber, and nwa. a Gourd. TA B LE XX, XXI. GENUS IV. Momordica, A{ale Balfam-Apple , IS a Plant with a Flower confiftingofone •*- fingle Leaf, of the expanded Bell-fhape, lb deeply cut, that it leems compofed of five » 41 ■ • The Compleat Herbal. 7? five (lifting Petala or Leaves: Of the Flowers, fome are barren A, not (Looting from any Embryo, others' 'fruitful 'B D, * growing upon, or fifing from the Embryo C 1, which is afterwards changed into a Fruit, of a Shape fometimes more E, fome- times lels tapering I N, hollow F, and flefhy; it ulually opens by vertue of an a- * tural elaflicity GO, and'throws us Seed LP wrapped up within a Husk or thin 4 membranous Coverings KRMQj they are flat, and have their Rim or Edge for the mofl Part indented. Its Species are, Common Male Balfam-Apple, Momor- dka vulgaris : This is the Momordica of Ca- fior Durantes. 6 1. The Charantia of Dodo - neus. Pewpt. 6 JO. The Balfawina rotundifolia , repens , five was , Male Baliim-Apple, round- leafd, and creeping, of C B. Pin. 30 6. and the Balfamina Cucumerina of J. B. 2. 251. Male Baliam Apple, or Apples of Je- rttfalem. From a fmali fibrous Root, that- lives but five Months, it fends up leveral (lender Stalks two or four Foot high, chanelled and angular, which by help of their Claf- pers or Tendrils, twine round the Poles that are fet tolupportit; the Leaves are like thofe of white Bryony, or rather like thole of the Vine, but lmaller, and more exquifitely cut, of an agreeable Green, al¬ together finooth, of a fTiarp and bitterilL Taffe, and hang upon Footflalks an Inch, or an Inch and a half in length 5 from the Angles of the Leaves with the Stalk the Flowers rile, they are of a whitifh Yellow, have yellow Threads within, and areluc- ceeded by 3 Fruit, oblong and tapering, or, fhaped like an Egg, much like a Cucum¬ ber, rough, with iuch like little lwelhng Knobs or Excieicencies, red when ripe, or as Isabel lays, bo hi he external Surface and Pulp is of a fliining Purple; the Seed is like that of the Cltrul, brownifh, flat and rough. Of the Place of its native Growth we are uncertain ; it grows from the Seed bet- ter in July and the warmer Climates, than in 0 or many ox England, where it flowers 1 •- for the mo A Part in Auguft, and never, or but-rarely, brings its Fruit to Maturity. ^Male Balfam - Apple of Zeylan, with Vine*Leaves, and a fliort Fruit; Mowordi- ca Zeylanka, pawpinvh fronde , fru.ttu bt evio- ri : This is the Pavel of the Hortus Mala¬ bar tens. 8. 18. Male Balfam-Apple of Zeylan, with Vine-Leaves, and a longer Fruit, Mowor- dka Zeylanka, pampined jronde , fruttu Ion * giori: This is the Pa'ndi Pavel of the Hortus Malabarkus. 8 . 17. and the Balfawina cu- cumerina. Indie a, jrullti .majore, flavejcente. H. Aw ft el. 103. As it remains obfeure and dubious, whe¬ ther the Flower of the Momordica or Male Balfam-Apple be monopetalous, deeply cut to the Centre, or compofed of five diflindV Leaves, I therefore determined not to fepa- rate it from the other cucurbitaceous Plants; it differs from the Cucumber in this, that its Fruit contains but one lemi- nal Cell, opening and cleaving afunder by a natural elaflic Force; it is commonly confounded with the Balfawina, but differs very much from that Plant. •The Momordica vulgaris , or the Male- Balfam-Apple, has many vertues aferibed to it: It cools and dries, is vulnerary, and affwages Pain, especially that of the Piles; the Leaves applied to frelh Wounds are Laid to heal them; powdered and taken in Wine, they are efleemed to cure- the Cho- lick, and greatly beneficial in Ruptures, Convulfions, &c. There is an QiLor Baliam prepared from the Fruit by infufing it ha-: ving firft taken out the Seeds, in the Oil of Olives or Sweet Almonds, and expofmg it to the Sun’s Heat, or digefling it in Balneo, or in Hone-Dung; this Oil or B.llam thus prepvred, Las many excellent Virtues ; it prevents the Inflammation of Wounds, and lpeedily cures and confolidafes than; injected with a Syringe, it heals Ulcers or Inflammations in the Womb, and cures the Swellings and Ulcers in Womens Breads, prick : d or wounded Nerves, burn¬ ings and Raidings, the Piles, dV.^See Bates $ Pbarn, acop. Before that Cafpar Bduhin publifhed his Pinax, Dale fays he knew but two bo¬ tanical Authors that mentioned the Mo¬ mor die a 1 80 The Comvleat Herbal. mordica ; after him Schroder , Chairaus, Her - mantis , f^oldamer, and Tournefort ; but that none of them under that Appellation meant the Balfamina mas ; and he adds, that no Author, to his Knowledge, ever called it fo ; nor do the Virtues afcribed by Bates, to the Balfam of thz Momordica, difagree with thole of this Plant. Dale . Supp.p. 138. TABLE XXII. GENUS V. Cucumis, Cucumber y TS a Plant with Flowers of one Angle Leaf, of the expanded Bell-fhape, cut into feveral Segments; of which fome are barren A B, not adhering to any Embryo ; others fruitful, growing upon the Embryo C, which is afterwards changed into a flefhy Fruit B E, for the moft Part round, and divided into three or four feminal Apartments F G, enclofing oblong Seeds HI. ; . Its Species are, Common Cucumber, with a Fruit of a yellowifh Colour when ripe, Cucumis fati~ vus , vulgaris , maturo fruttu fulluteo. C, B. Pin . 310. This is the Cucumis vulgaris viri- dis, common green Cucumber of J. B. 2. 245. and the Cucumis vulgaris of Dodonens . Pempt . 662. The Roots are ftrait, and adorned with many white fibrous Capillaments; the Twigs or Stalks are thick and hairy, lying ftretched upon the Ground; the Leaves are difpofed in an alternate Order, every Way a Hand-breadth or two in Meafure, rough to the Touch, cut into Corners like the Ivy-Leaf, and toothed about the Edges; they are larger, broader, and more angular than thole of the Musk-Melon : From their Bofom the Tendrils and Flowers fhoot; the Flowers are of a pale Yellow, cut into five Segment?, and in the Night-time con¬ tract and wither; the Fruit is of an oblong Figure, tapering into a Point at both ends, and of a green or white Colour without, 3 (the Green, when fully ripe, turns to a yellowifh Colour) about half a Foot in length, cornered, and pimpled upon the external Surface, with feveral little black- ilh Swellings or Excrefcencies; the Rind is tender, the Pulp fomewhat firm and hard, white, and tranfparent; the Seed is Jong and flat, having a milky Pith or Kernel of a moft agreeable Tafte, and of great Ufe in the Shops. Common Garden-Cucumber, with a Fruit of a white Colour when ripe, duett* mis fativus , vulgaris , mature fruElu alio. C.B. Pin. 310. This is the Cucumis vulgaris alius, common white Cucumber of J. B. 2. 245. Wreathed or winding Cucumber, or Adders Cucumber, Cucumis fiexuofw. C. B. Pin. 310. Cucumcres longijfimi , the longefi Cucumbers. J. B. 2. 247. Cucumis oblong its, Dodon. Pempt. 662. This winding or Adders Cucumber, is according to the Teftimony of Lolel , alto¬ gether iike to the common Sort, in its Stalks, Leaves, and Tendrils, but Ray fays he has oblerved, that its Leaves are not fo rough, that fome of them are roundiib, very little ;agged or cornered, and fome more fo; the Fruit is long, wreathing and winding it felf into Spires like a Serpent, white, and chaneiled or ftreaked, having a white Pulp, and Seeds of the fame Colour, and of the fame Tafte with the common Sort. Matthioltu affirms, upon the Authority of Pliny, That the Shape of the Fruit of this Species is entirely owing to art and not to nature; that he has feen it, when yet- flowering, put into a long hollow Mould, wherein it has ftretched unto a prodigious Length, and that the Fruit produced from the Seed of this fo moulded, fafhioned it felf into a ferpentine Form; and ever after¬ wards retained this artificial Figure, which is what Pliny however does not afiert; yet notwithlfonding Matthiolus’i s Opinion con¬ firmed by DodonetiSy J . Baubin lays, he dares affirm this Species to be different from the Common, and that the Shape of the. Fruit is altogether the Work of Nature. Wild Cucumber, called Afs-Cucumber, Cucumis fylvejlris, A [mints* dill us. C. B, Pin . 314. This is the Cucumis Jylvefiris , five Afi- nintss \ s, The Compleat Herbal Si nlnuSy of J. B. 2. 248. and the Cucnmis fyU vejiris of Dodo new. Pempt. 66 3. It has a Root a Foot long, white, thick, with fome few Off-lets, and is of a bitter and nauleous Tafte: The Leaf in Lome man¬ ner refembles that of the Melon, but is not fo much infeded, nor fo angular, ({retching out into a Point; fofter than thofe of the cotiunon Cucumbers, and more hoary, or of an afhy Colour, efpecially underneath ; thicker, and more rough, hanging upon long and hairy Footftalks, which (Loot from the round, ftriated, and rough Twigs of the branchy Stalks: The Flowers are very final 1, and have but one Leaf cut into five 1 Segments; from a white graffy Colour in- 1 dining to a paler Yellow, with Chives of a deeper Colour in their Middle: The Fruit is about two Inches in length, long, and roundith, or of an Olive fhape, having its Surface armed with feveral little fhort Prickles, and of a dark green Colour; it is diiiinguifhed into leveral Apartments, which contain a certain (limy juice, ex- treamly bitter, with long, blackilh, and hnooth Seeds; when ripe, if but gently touched, it throws out its Juice and Seeds with iuch Violence, that if they chance to (trike the Face, they leave a fmarting Pain for feme Time afterwards; whence, as Gerard tells us, it has been called of fome Noli me tangere ; it grows in hot Countries nigh to the Road-fides. , Wild Cucumber, with a cut and corner¬ ed Leaf, Cticwnis fylvefiris ) folio finuato & iijfeElo. Round-leaved Egyptian Cucumber, CW- :nmis *Agypuns rotundifolias. C. B. Pin 310. This is tile Cucum'u tAgyprius Cbate of J . B. 2.248. ^ Late Garden Cucumber, with a Fruit j 1 rough or napped over with a Down, C«- :nmis fativus & ferotinus jruEht villofo. As to the phyfical Ules; the Seed of the :ommon manured, or Garden-Cucumber, vith a yellow or white Fruit, is one of the our greater cold Seeds; it cools, cleanfes, 1 apen?, and is diuretic; of frequent ufe in dmulfions, to allay and remove all inflam¬ matory Difiempers of the Reins and Blad- ler; and where *tis requifite to abate the jreternatural Motion cf the Humours, as n Pleurefiee, Cfc. The Flefh or Pulp of the Fruit is ufed as a PotD, but this and other Ufes of the Cucumber are fo vulgarly known, that all enlargement would be fu- perffuous. The Cucursris fylveflris, Aflninus dittus, C. B. Wild or Afs-Cucumber, purges violently^ kills Worms, and opens all manner of Obfirubticns in the Parts. By a chymical Analyfis it yields little or nothing of an acid, but a large Quantity of (harp Li¬ quors, which give a milky Colour to the Solution of fublimate Mercury: It contains too an urinous Spirit, a volatile Saif, Earth, and a fixed Salt. There is a Medicine prepared from the juice of the Fruit of the wild Cucumber, called Elaterium, which is nothing elfe but the Eotcula of the Juice, and is prepared after the fame Manner as other FacuMs: This is endowed with a flrong purging Faculty, and powerfully expels watery Humours, and operates violently both by Stool and Vomit; befidts, it provokes the Courfes, and kills the Birth in the Womb, whence ' it is but rarely ufed, being not unjufily fufpedted of lome uncommon Malignity ; it was very much ufed in old Times, and frequently preferibed by Hippocrates , Tbeo- phraftas , Diofcorides , Pliny and Galen ; they approved of it belt when it was old, of a greenifh Colour, refembling that of the Plant, light, very bitter, and eafily in- flameable, and is flill in ufe at this Time: As to the Colour, Authors vary, fome will have it green, fome white, others of a whitifh Green: Parkinfon fays lie has pre¬ pared both the Green and the White men¬ tioned by Diofcorides and Mefue ; that that which was obtained by Expreflion was of a green Colour, and remained moifi for a great many Years, after it had been dried, contra&ing new Moifiurefrom the ambient Air: But that which was made from the Juice diflilling without preffure from the cut Fruit, was of a white Colour when dried, retaining both its Colour and Sicci- ty, unlefs expoled to the moiff Air, or kepr in a moifi Place ; the Green, he fays, is not fo firong a Purgative as the White, and works with lels violence upwards and downwards; of all Juices it is the molt lafiing and durable; for if we may rely upon the Authority of Theopbraftus , it re- M tains 82 The Comvleat Herbal. tains its cathartick Powers after it has been kept above a hundred Years; but Diofco- rides approves of it only from two Years to ten, and zAEgineta is of Opinion, that ft is not good alter it has been kept above one Year: Authors too differ as to the Dole, it is prefcribed by fome from gr. VI to 5 / 5 . by others from 5/5 to 51 ; yea, from 51 to */ 5 . however it is to be ufed with great Caution and Dilcretion, and not without its Corre&ives. TABLE XXII. GENUS VI. MelOj Musk:melonj IS a Plant, with Flowers of one finglc 7“ Leaf, of the expanded Bell fhape, cut into feveral Segments, bearing an entire Reletnblance to thofe of the Cucumber $ of the Flowers, fome are barren, not ad¬ hering to an Embryo,* others fruitful growing upon the Embryo or infant Germ, which is aftewards changed into a Fruit, for the moll Part of an Oval-fhape A, fmooth or wrinkled, and divided into three feminal Apartments B, which feem to be cut into two Parts,, and enclofe ob¬ long SeedsX. Its Species are, Common Murk-melon, Melo vulgaris, C. B. Pin. 210. Melones , J. B. 2. 242. Me - io five Melopepo vulgb, Cucumis Galeni. Dodo- new. Pempt. 66 %. It fpreads along the Surface of the Ground with long and rough viny Stalks, adorned with Leaves, rough, and corner¬ ed, not fo large as thofe of the Cucumber, and lei's angular, for in Comparifon they may be laid to be round: From the Bofom of the Leaves the Flowers and the Tendrils fhoot; the Flowers are yellow, like thofe of the Cucumber, and are fucceedcd by a Fruit iomewhat hairy at fird, deeply rib¬ bed and furrowed, oblong, yet fometimes contra&ed into a rounder Shape, it varies in its Bignels, being found fometimes larger, fometimes fmaller: Upon its Surface it has many winding circling Lines, as i were Moth-eaten, imitating a fort of Net work, and is of a green and alh Colour the Bark or Rind is harder than that of tin Cucumber: The Pulp or -inner Subdance when ripe, is of a faint yellow Colour moift, when too ripe diffolving into 1 Water, of a mod agreeable Tade, fmellinJ fometimes like Musk; its Middle or Cen¬ tre is filled by a mucilaginous Subdance wherein the Seeds lie buried, fmaller that thofe of the Cucumber, white, juicy, anc i very numerous ; the Fruits differ much - not only in the Colour of the Shell 01 Rind, cf the Pulp, in Tade and ImelJ, bu , alfo in Shape. Great Musk-melon, with a green finootl: j Bark, and a final! Seed, Melo magma, cor- ] lice virente, Uvi, femme parvo. J . B. 2. 244 J Spanifb Musk-melon, Melo Hifpanic us ,. J- B. 2. 244. Taber. Icon. 468. It differ; From the fird in bignefs only. Small round Musk-melon, Melo rotun¬ das, parvus. C. B. Pin % n. This is the Me¬ lo Mofchatellinus, rotundus, parvus , & pyri- jormis of J. B. 2. 244, and the Melo Sac • charinus or Sugar-Melon of Tabernemontanus : Icon. 469. The Fruit is round, and big as that oj the Coloquintida , fine 11s like Musk, and is 01 a molt delicate agreeable Tade. Tapering Musk-melon, Melo turbinatus J. B. 2.244. , Musk-melon, with a reticular or net- like. Work, Melo reticulatus. J.B. 2.244. j The fmaller Egyptian Musk-melon, Ab- dclavi , MelotABgyptius minor Abdelavi , in flu Catalogue of Plants in the Garden of Padua publifhed by Georg, a Turre. This Plant, Alpinus fays, differs no much from the European forts, but bears ar oblong Fruit, fharp at the Extremity, anc very thick in the Middle ; it is not of < pleafant Tafle, being of all others the mof infipid, and having a fofter Pulp; tin Seeds are edeemed much more cooling thar thofe of the other Sorts, and as they mucl furpafs them in this Quality, fo they art mod commcnly ufed, and the others un¬ dervalued. Fejlingias fays. That the Fruit at tliai part where it is fixed to its Brandi, is Ssi 4 crooked The Comp le at Herbal. 83 crooked into a fnaky Spire or Wreath, that from thence by Degrees it lwelJs into a large Belly, and gradually tapers and lef- fens again towards the other Extremity; that it is fometimes found flightly furrow¬ ed lengthwife, has a loft Bender Bark, of a reddiffi brown Colour when the Fruit is ripe. Melo ferotimu, & iiu durans, fruttu par- vo, jlriato, globofo , late Musk-melon, with a final 1, chanellcd, and round Fruit. Tho* the Musk-melon is commonly di- ftinguifhed: from the Cucumber by its rounder Leaves, and the pleafant and agree¬ able Tafle of its Fruit, yet the external Habit or Face of the Plant ought rather to determine the Difference, and is more to be confidered; for Melo Infipidm , or Melo foliis angulaiis , would be no improper Ap¬ pellation. It borrowed its Name, as is thought, from the Greek word /Aoj/, which fignifies an Apple. The Seed of the common Musk-melon is one of the four greater cold Seeds; and is ufed in Emulfions after the fame Manner with the others, and in the like Cafes, viz., in all Inflammations, Diflempers of the Liver, Reins and Bladder, in a Cough, Confump- tion, &c. An Oil is likewife drawn by Ex predion from this and the other greater cold Seeds, which is laid to beautify the Complexion. TABLE XXIII. GENUS VII. Pepo, PuMpion, TS a Plant with Flowers A, of one Angle A Leaf, of the expanded Beil-fhape, cut into feyeral Segments, of which fome are barren, not adhering to any Embryo; others fruitful, growing upon an Embryo or infant Germ, which is afterwards chang¬ ed into a Fruit B, of an oblong or round Shape, fle(hy, found fometimes with a hard Rind, rugged or uneven, with little Knobs or Rifings, and hollow; often ?di- vided into three Parts C, enclofing flat Seeds D, that are edged or rimmed about as it Tvere with a Ring, and fixed to a fpungy Placenta. Its Species are, Oblong Pumpion, Pepo oblongtts. C B. Pin. 311. This is the Pepo major, oblongas,- the greater oblong Pumpion of Dodonetts . Pempt. 66 5. Common Pumpion of Ray. ffifi. 63$*. Thisis the Cucurbit a foliis afperis, five Zuc- cha fore luteo, the Gourd with rough Leaves, or Zuccba with a yellow Flower of J. B. 2.218. and the Cucurbit a major, rotunda, fore luteo, foliis afperis, the greater round Gourd, with a yellow Flower, and rough Leaves of C. B, Pin. 312. It fpreads widely, with longviny Stalks, which are chanelled, fome what hollow, about the thicknefs of a Thumb, and rough, climbing upon any Prop that Bands near by Means of their winding Tendrils: The Leaves are of a dark (Lining Green, toothed like a Saw round the Edges, and rough, hanging upon folid Foot Balks a Span in length, fomewhat chanelled, and armed with little Prickles; they are larger and firmer than thofe of the white flowered Gourd: The Flowers have fcent and fmell, are within of a Saffron-colour, and downy, upon the Outfide they incline from a Saffron to a grafly Colour, having feveral little grafly Ribs and Veins, and a fhort hairy covering; the Chives, which fland in tne middle of the Flower, repre- fent the Hoof of a cloven-footed Animal 5 the Fruit varies in fhape, colour and big- nefs ; for it is either long, flat, round, or pyramidal, having a hard, and, as it were, a lignous Rind, of a green or dark green Colour, fpotted with white, or flriated, and a loft, white, and fweetifli Pulp, not altogether fo infipid as that of the white flowered Gourd. Round Pumpion, fhaped like an Orange, Pepo rotundas, Aar ant li forma. C. B. Pin. 3x1. Cucurbita Aurantii forma, Eyfi. ^ Pumpion with a Fruit fhaped like a hand Ball, Pepo fruEht piU palmaria forma : This is the Cucurbita pila palmaria non multo major, rotunda, of J. B. 2. 218. Pumpion, with a fmall lpherical Fruit, Pepo fruEhi minim , fpharko : This is the M 2 Ch- *4 the C ample at Herbal. Cucurbita afpera, minima, fpharica , crocea, variegata, ot j.. B . 2. 223. Pumpion with a roundifh and varie¬ gated Fruit, Pcpofruttu fnbrotundo, varkga- (o: The Cucurbit a medio-crocca, of JL 5 . 2. 222. Pumpion with a tapering Fruit of various Colours, Pepo frublu turbinato , varkgato: Tile Cucurbit a afpera, media, magnitudinis, turbinata, variegati color is of y. B. 2. 222. Pumpion with a tapering Fruit, of a whitifh Colour: The Cucurbit a turbinata, major, alba of J. B. 2. 222. Pumpion with a tapering Fruit, of a yellowifh Colour, Pepo frutttt turbinato, fubcroceo: The Cucurbit a afpera, turbinata , Jubcrocea , of y. 5 . 2. 223. Pumpion with the fmalleft tapering Fruit, Pepo fruttu minimo , turbinato: The Cucurbita afpera, minima , turbinata, pallida, of y. 2. 223. Pumpion with a fmall Fruit, fhaped like a Pear, /Vpo fruffu parvo , pyriformi The Cucurbita afpera, pyriformis, parva, alba, of J. /?. 2. 223. Pumpion with an oval Fruit, of a yel- lowilh Colour, Pepo fruftu ovato , flavef- cente : The Cucurbita afpera , Ovalis, flavo co- lore , of J. 5 . 2. 223. Another Pumpion with an oval Fruit, of a yellowifh Colour, /Vpo fiavefeente, : The Cucurbita afpera, /?#- gillaris , Mir rotundo oblonga, of 5 .2. 223. Pumpion with an oval Fruit, diverfly coloured, Pepo frublu ovato, variegato: The Cucurbita ovalis fere, varkgata, parva, of jf. B. 2. 218. ° The Seed of the Pumpion is one of the cold Seeds, poflefled of the fame Virtues with the others, employed after the fame Manner, and applied to the fame purpol'es, but is feldom uied. TABLE XXIV. GENUS VII. Melopepo. 'T HE Adelopepo differs from the other cu- **■ curbitaceous Plants, in its Fruit A, which is roundifh, fkfhy, (freaked, angu¬ lar, and for the mod part divided into five Parts B, enclofing flat Seeds C, adhering to a fpungy Placenta. Its Species are, Adelopepo comprejfus , C B. Pin. 312. Ta- Bertt. Icon. 47c. This is what J. Bauhin in his 2 Vol. p. 226. calls Cucurbita genus, five Melopepo comprejfus alter Lobelio , a kind of Gourd, or Lobels iecond flit-bottomed Me - lopepo. Melopepon with a great white Fruit, Me¬ lopepo fruilu maxim0, albo : The Cucurbita ajpera, folio non fcijfo, frtrCiu maximo, albo, Jefdi, rough Gourd, with an undivided leaf, and the greatefl Fruit, of a white Colour, and flat bottomed, of J. B. 2.22r. and the Pepo comprejfus major , the greater flat Pumpion of C. B. Pin. 311. Melopepon with a Fruit of a yellowifh Colour, and a rough Leaf, Melopepo fiavef- cens, folio afpero : The Cucurbita feffilis, fla- vejeens, folio afpero of J. B. ?. 222. Melopepon tat us & deprejfus : The Cucur¬ bita lata , clypeiformi accedens , minus tuber of a, o( j. B . 2. 227. Melopepo frutin Citriformi , Melopepon with a Fruit fhaped like a Citron : The Cucur¬ bita clypeatoe ajfinis, ovalis, angttloja, ad ci- trum nonnihil accedens of J. 2. 228. Melopepon with a Fruit tapering at both ends, - fruttu utrinque turbinato: The Cucurbita, clypeatis affines, utrinque aliquo mo- do turbinata of J, B. 2. 228. Melopepon with a yellow Fruit, having a thin flender Rind, - frutlu luteo, cortice tenero: The Cucurbita lutea, cortice tenero of J.B. 2.218. Melopepon with a Fruit fhaped like a Buckler- clypeiformis. C. B. Pin . 312. The Cucurbita clypeiformis five Siciliana, Me¬ lopepon latus d nonnullis vocata, the fcuckler or Sicilian Gourd, called by lomethe broad Melopepon, of J. B. 2. 224. and the Melo¬ pepo ctype at us of Tabernemontanus . Icon. 47°. Melopepon with a rugged Fruit, Melo¬ pepo verrucofus; the Cucurbita verrucofa, of J. B. 2. 222. Melopepon, with a Fruit rough and un¬ even, with leveral Knobs and wartlike Excreicences - Tuberofus & vcrrucojus , 2 the The Com fie at Herbal . &jj' the Cucurbit* ctypeifqrmis, tuber of a & verru- eofa of J. B . 2. 227. Melopepon with a ycllowifh Fruit, ha¬ ving feveral wart-like Swellings, gently chanelled, and a rough Leaf, - Verruco- flavefcens, leviter friatus, folio afpero , the Cucurbita feffilis, flavejcens, folio afpero of J. B. 2. 222. Melopepon with a whitifli Fruit, haying its Surface rugged with wart-1 ike Swellings, and {lightly (freaked, and a rough Leaf, — f^errucofus, albicans, leviter ftriatus, folio af¬ pero ; the Cucurbita albicans , folio af¬ pero, of J. B . 2. 222. Melopepon with a white Fruit, that has many wart-like Fxcretcences, and white Seeds, —- V*?rrucofus, fruttu dr femine albis, the Cucurbit a alba , verrucofa of J. B. 2. 224. TABLE XXV. GENUS IX. Anguria, Citrnlls . rpHE Citrul differs from the other cu- **■ curbitaceous Plants in its Leaf, which is deeply cut and jagged, and in its eatable Fruit. Its Species are, Anguria, called Citrul, Anguria Citrstilus ditta. C. B. Pin . 312. This is the Citralius fo¬ lio Colocynthidis fetto, femine nigro, quibufdam Anguria, Citrul with a Leaf cut like that of the Colo quint id a, and a black Seed, called by fome Anguria , according to J. B. 2. 235. and the Anguria, Cucumis , Citralias of Dodoneus, Pempt. 664. It has many flexible, tender, viny Stalks, which are rough, and fpread along the Surface of the Ground; the Leaves which adorn them are large, rough and hairy, and cut into deep Jaggs; from their Bofom the Tendrils fhooc, as alfo the FootAalks which fuflain yellow Flowers; the Flow¬ ers are fucceeded by a large and round Fruit, the Rind whereof is fome what hard, yet l’mooth, not rifing into any knobby Swellings, of a dark green Colour, mark¬ ed with Spots of a very pale Green; the Pulp or Flefh is like that of the common Cucumber, white, firm, and of an agree¬ able Taffe; the Seed is oblong, broad, flat, of a black Colour, and wrinkled, having a pretty hard Shell, which encloses a white Pith, pleafant to the Tafle; it lies buried in that fpungy SubAance which fills the Centre of the Fruit: It varies in the Co¬ lour of its Bark or Rind, which in fome is green, in others Aained with whitifli Spots; the Pulp in fome Sorts is red, and of a lweeter Tafle, in others white; the Seeds are black, red, or yellow. The iargefl Indian Citrul, Anguria Indica , maxima. H. Lugd. Bat. Trefoil American Citrul, with a finali Fruit, Anguria triphyllos, Americana , parvo fruttu ; the Cucumis triphyllos, frutin varse- gat 0 of Plumier. American Citrul, with a prickly, eatable Fruit, Anguria Americana, fruttu echmato, eduli : This is the Cucumis Anguria Jolio la - tiore, afpero , fruttu minore, candido, fpinulis obtujis muricato, Cucumber with a rough and broad Citrul-Leaf, and a final I whi te Fruit, armed with blunted Prickles, in Dr. Sloans Catalogue of the Plants of Ja¬ maica, 103. and the Cucumis fylvefiris, Americanus , Anguria folio, fruttu ovi magni- tudine & figura, ad maturitatem pallido, fpi- nofis tuberculis, momordica injlar muricato . Wild American Cucumber with a Citrul Leaf, and a Fruit of the Bignefs and Shape of an Egg, of a pale Colour when ripe, and like the Momordica, fet with prickly knobbs, of Pluknet. Pkytog. 170. Fig . 3. Citruls with a yellowilh Pulp, and a bladk Seed, Anguria came flavejcente , femine nigro. Citruls with a red Pulp, and a larger black Seed, Anguria 'came rubente, femine nigro, majors . Citruls with a red Pulp, and a finaller red Seed, Anguria came rubente, femine ni¬ gro, minors. The Seed of the Citrul is one of the four great cold Seeds, and agrees in virtues with thofe of the Musk-melon and the Cucum¬ ber. TA - 86 The Compleat Herbai. TABLE XXVI. GENUS X. Cucurbita, the Gourd. i S a Plant with Flowers A B, of one Tingle Leaf, of the expanded Bell-fhape, for the molt Part fo deeply cut, that they feem to confift of five diftinft Leaves: Of the Flowers, fome are barren, adhering to no Embryo; others are fruitful, growing up¬ on an infant Germ C, which is afterwards changed into a Fruir, in fome Species of a round and long Shape, in others formed fo as to reprefent the Figure of a Bottle D; it is commonly divided into fix feminal Cells E, which enclofe flat and oblong Seeds, blunt¬ ly pointed at one end G, broader at the other, and fo cut as in fome fort to imitate the Shape of a Heart F. Its Species are, The long Gourd, with a foft Leaf, and a white Flower, Cucurbit* longa, folio molli, flore albo. J. B. 2. 214. This is the Cucur¬ bita oblonga, flore albo , folio molli, the oblong Gourd, with a white Flower, and a foft Leaf, of C. B, Pin . 313. and the Cucurbita longior of Dodoneus. Pempt. 669. From a white (lender Root varioufly di¬ vided, it fends up many viny Stalks, about the thicknefs of a Finger, and cornered, which ftretch to a great Length, fpread- ing upon the Ground, or by help of their Tendrils climbing, if any Prop lhnds near adjoining; the Leaves are round, a Foot, or a Foot and a half broad, (when the Plant meets with a proper Soil) covered over with a foft woolly Down, and fome- what notched about the Edges, fixed to round, oblong, and hollow Footftalks: The Flowers are of a fnowy White, napped with a fine Down upon the Inlide, and hairy without ; the Fruit which fucceeds the Flower, grows to a very great Bignef?, ftretching five or fix Foot in length, ha¬ ving a thick Neck, and fwelling into a pretty confiderable Belly, bending and yielding, if it meets with any Thing that refills its Growth, fo that it may he mould¬ ed to any fliape ; for when .young, the Bark or Rind is foft and tender, and of a grafly Colour ; when grown to maturity, hard, and of a yellovvifii Colour; the Pulp is white, infipid, and fome what fpungy. The Gourd fhaped like a Hook, with a foft Leaf and a white Flower, Cucurbita fale at a figura, folio molli, flore albo. C. B, Pin. 313. The broad or flat Gourd, with a foft Leaf, and a white Flower, Cucurbita latior , folio molli , flore albo. J. B. 2.215. This is the Cucurbita major fcjfilis , flore alio of C. B. Pin. 312. and the Cucurbita latior of Dodo¬ neus. Pempt. 669. Long Gourd, with a white Flower, and a fwelling Belly, Cucurbita long *, flore albo, protuber ante ventre. J.B. 2. 218. Th z American Gourd, two Cubits long, and round, Cucurbit a Americana, teres, & bicubitalis. H. Reg. Parifl The Bottle-Gourd , Cucurbita lagenaria. J. B. 2. 21 6. This is the Cucurbita lagenaria, flore. albo , folio molli, Bottle-Gourd with a white Flower, and a loft Leaf of C. B. Pin. 313. and the Cucurbita'prior of Dodoneus. Pempt. 662 . This varies from the firft in the Shape of its Fruit only. Bottle-Gourd, with a white Flower, a foft Leaf, and a tapering Fruit, Cucurbita lagenaria , flore albo , folio molli, frutin turbi- nato. C. B. Pin . 313. Bottle-Gourd, diverfly colour'd, Cucur¬ bita lagenaria , variegata. The greater Bottle-Gourd, with a rough Leaf, Cucurbita lagenaria , folio afpero, major ; the Cucurbita alba , afpera, frutlu longo collo , the white rough Gourd, with a long necked Fruit of J. B. 2.224. The fmaller Bottle-Gourd, with a rough Fruit, Cucurbita lagenaria , frutlu afpero, mi¬ nor ; the Cucurbita lagenam exprime ns, parva, afpera of J. B. 2. 224. The Seed of the Gourd is one of the four greater cold Seeds; it agrees in virtues with the Cucumber, both as to the Qualities of its Flelh or Pulp, and the Powers of its Seed; the frelh Leaves applied to the Breafts of Women in Child-bed, according to the Teftimony of Matthiolus, diminilh ( y. i * The Qompleat Herbal. 87 the Quantity of Milk ; the Water diftilled from the unripe Fruit is ot great ule in all external Inflammations ot the Eyes, Ears, and fuch as arile from a gouty Humour; and taken internally, wonderfully allays the preternatural Heat of the Body ; the exprefled Juice has the lame Powers. Schroder. GENUS XI, Colocynthis, Coloqnwtidciy or the bitter Gourd. T HE Coloquintida differs from the other cucurbitaceous Plants, in its Leaf, which is cut into deep Jaggs, and in its Fruit, which is exceflively bitter, and. not eatable. Its Species are,. The greater Coloquintida, with a round Fruit , Colocynthis f mbit* rotundoy major. C. B. Pin. 313. Colocynthis * J. B. 2. 232. Dodoneus. Pempt. 665. common Coloquintida. It bears feveral hairy, rough, and flreak- ed Stalks, which fpread and creep along the Ground ,• the Leaves Hand frngly at certain Intervals, upon Footflalks two or three Inches in length, (ometimes longer, they are hairy, rough, and whitifh or hoary, efpecially underneath, marked with white Spots, jagged, and cut in, the Form of a Citrul Leaf, but the Divifiousfmalkr.; at their Footflalks the winding.Tendrils and Flowers iTioot; the Flowers are yel- lowifh, and are fbcceeded by a Fruit, big and round as an Orange, which is at firii green, afterwards turns of a yellowifh Co¬ lour, and of a mod rank Smell: The outer Bark, Rind or Shell, is ufually feparated and peeled off by the Natives of the eaflern Countries where it grows ; the Pulp is white, fpungy, light, and intolerably bit¬ ter ; containing fix Rows of iinooth, flat, and hard Seeds, of a white, brownifh or dusky Colour, about the Bigmfs of the Cucumber-Seed, but more round, full, and hard. Coloquintida or bitter Gourd, with a round ftreaked Fruit, Colocynthis^ frutlu ro- tundo , ftriato ; the Cucurbit# folio afperOy amarOy the Gourd with a rough and bitter Leaf of J. B. 2. 228. The Pepo rotunduSy me- lonis effigie, round Pumpion, fhaped like a Mu k melon of C. B. Pin. 3(1. ar.d the Pe¬ po fylveftris or wild Pumpion oi: Dodoneus. Pempt. 668. Great and round Coloquintida or bitter Gourd, Colocynthis grandis, rotunda of Cor- dus. Hifi. 115. the Cucurbit a afpero folio, ‘ amaray grandis , rotunda , viridity great,, round, and green bitter Gourd, with a-, rough Leaf, of J.B. 2^229. The fmaller Coloquintida with a round Fruit, Colccynthis frutlu rotundoy minor. C. B .. Pin. 313. This is the Colocynthis fungofa, &■' levity or fpungy and light Coloquintida of. Cor das. Hifi. 118.. This differs only from the firfl in the. Smallnefs of its Fruit; the Stalks, Leaves, . Flowers, C Tc. are the lame. Coloquintida, with a fmaller and varie¬ gated or difcoloured Fruit, . Cotocynthis y frutin minoriy variegato : This i.s the Colo¬ cynthis afper.ay amara, frntlu parvOy glabofo, colore varioy or rough and. bitter Coloquin¬ tida, with a fmall, round, and varioufly coloured Fruit of J. B. 2. 230. and the Co- locymkis.pomiformisy cortice maculato, or Co- lcquintida fhaped like an. Apple, with a, Ipotted Rind, of C. B. Pin. 314., Coloquintida, with a greater Fruit, ha-; ving its Bark diflinguifhed with variety of Colours, Colocynthis , frntln majoriy varie- gata : This is the Colocynthis amar& Y .m#gna f folio : afperOy colore vario-y -of J. B: 2. 230. Coloquintida. with a Fruit refembling air Orange, Colocynthis frutin Aurantio fimili ; the Cucnrbita minima , lutea y amaray the fmalleR, yellow, bitter Gourd of' J. B: 2. 231. Oblong Coloquintida, Colocynthis oblon - ga. C. B. Pin. 313. the Cucurbit a afpero folio 3 amaray grandis , oblonga , viridity or great Coloquintida or bitter Gourd, with an oblong Fruit, and a rough Leaf, of J. B. 2. 229. and t hz Colocynthis grandis, oblonga, of Cordus. Hifi. J14. Oblong, and fmooth Coloquintida. Gra. Hifi. 115. the Cucurbita oblonga, non angulo - fa 9 colore viridi, amara , folio afpero , or bit¬ ter Gourd, oblong, not cornered, cf a gr-csu 88 \ The Commie at Herbal. green Colour, and having a rough Leaf of J. B. 2. 22p. Tapering Coloquintida, Colocynthis turbi- nata. Cord. Hi ft. 115. The Cucurbit a afpero folio, amara, turbinata , fiava, candicantihus li- neis infcripta , parva, or final 1 bitter Gourd, with a rough Leaf, and a yellow taper’d Fruit, flreaked with whitifh Lines, o {J. B. 2 . 229. and the Cucurbita jive Colocynthis amara , pyriformis, variegata , or the Colo- quintida or bitter Gourd, with a Fruit ihaped like a Pear, and difiinguifned with variety of Colours, of the fame Author 2. 230. and the Colocynthis feu Pepo amarus , Coloquintida or bitter Putnpion of C. B , Pi;*. 313. This differs fomewhat from the firft and common Sort; it has many long, rough and lireaked Twigs, which climb and mount by help of their Clafpers : The Leaves are like thofeof the Cucumber, but more deeply jagged, of a dark green Co¬ lour and loft above, but underneath of a graffy Colour, and rough: The Flowers are like thofe of the Pumpion, of a yellow or Saffron-colour: The Fruit tapers, and is fhaped like a Pear, of a greenifh Colour, firiped with white Lines, and marked with white Spots: The Pulp is white, of a hea¬ vy unplcafant Smell, and intolerably bit¬ ter; it contains but four Rows of white, fiat Seeds. Pear- fashioned Coloquintida, with a Leaf of various Colours, Colocynthis pyrifor- mis, folio vario ; the Cucurbita amara, par- va, mediocris magnitudinis, or final! bitter Gourd, with a Fruit of a moderate Size or Bigneis, of J. B. 2. 231. Coloquintida with a flat Fruit, Colocyn¬ this fruitu compreffo ; the Cucurbita fejfilis & comprejfa, flava, amara, or bitter Gourd, with a flat, yellow Fruit, of J. B. 2. 231. Of all the Species of the Coloquintida, that which is moll commonly ufed in the Shops is the Colocynthus fruttu rotundo ?ninor, &c. It is the Fruit of a wild Gourd, and grows plentifully in feveral Parts of the Levant , from whence it is brought to us feparated from the external Bark or Rind, as has been already hinted; the Seeds are commonly thrown away; the Pulp purges violently grofs and phlegmatick Humours from, the moft remote Parts of the Body, as the Brain, Nerves, Joints, and Lungs; whence it is recommended as of great ule, and admini fired with Succefs in an in¬ veterate Head-ach, in Apople&ic, Epilep¬ tic, Vertiginous, and Aflhmatick Cafes; and in an obliinate Cough, and difficulty of Breathing, in all articular Difiempers arifing from a cold Caufe, in a flatulent Cholick, the Hydropfy, &c. but it is a mofl dangerous Medicine, and not to be ufed witHout the greateft Precaution, and with its proper Corrediives, fuch as Cum¬ min, Tragacanth, Mafiich, Bdellium, &c. For the Satisfaction of the Curious I fball tranferibe, and fubjoin what Monfieur Bol¬ duc offered to the Royal Academy of Scien¬ ces in relation to this Medicine. None are ignorant, fays he, that the Co- loquintida is the Fruit of a wild Gourd which grows in the Indies, and is brought to us from thence; that it is one of the rnofi violent Purgatives in all the Materia Medic a, Medicamentum virofiffimum, & tan - turn non mors ipfa ; *tis true, that in opera¬ ting it frets, corrodes, and opens the Mouths of the VtlTels, and occafionsa Flux of Blood, from whence lome hnveconclud- ed, that it abounds with a volatile Salt, gi¬ ving a greater Degree of Fluidity to the Blood, "and hindering its Coagulation: Mr. Bolduc found nothing of this from his Experiments; for having infufed a fufficient Quantity of the Powder of Coloquintida into Blood, newly drawn from the Veins, it did not prevent its Coagulation: This indeed does not conclude that it may not produce this EffeCt upon the Blood circula¬ ting within its Veffels. He tried the like Experiments upon Milk, with the like Suc¬ cefs; from whence, he fays, it may be in¬ ferred with more reafon, that the Colo¬ quintida abounding with a certain fharp Salt, as a great many other violent Purga¬ tives do, opens the Orifices of the Veins, and thus produces this bad EfteCL The Ancients imagined another reafon, telling ns, that the Coloquintida, as it is of a very thin and fpungy Subfiance, does not undergo in the Prima via, the Change and Alteration neceflary for its further Conveyance and Diflribution, but that re¬ maining there, it fwells and becomes a mere Spunge, adhering clofe to the delicate Membranes, The Compleat Herhdl 8 ? "Membranes, which it corrodes and ulce¬ rates, and produces a Chain of other mif- chievous Confequences, j uftly infinuating a Sufpicipn of its Malignity. Mr. Bolduc however alTures us, from the 'frequent ufe he has made of it, that he can¬ not accufe it as produ6iive of all thole bad Effects, when it is given in Infufion only ; but its infupportable Bitternefs has Bill obliged to adminifter it in Subftance, it being more eafy thus to difguife it to the Tafte; yet, whatever Sufpicion it lies un¬ der, Neceflity often forces Recourfe to it, when glutinous and vifcous Humours, which refift the Powers of all other Cathar- ticks, are to be diflodg’d from the mod re¬ mote and diftant Parts; then it is fuccels- fully employed, joined with other Purga¬ tives, to which it ferves properly as a Spur -and Vehicle, By Diftillation Mr. Bolduc obtained no¬ thing that could particularly fatisfy him as to the Nature of this Medicine ; for, as from other Purgatives, he drew from its - is final], like that of the Crocus or Baflard- panula orient alis y foliis Platt aria, fubhirjutis. Saffron; the Root is about a Span in Upright oriental Bellflower, with a Leaf length, and pretty thick, and of a fharp like that of Jack-by-the-Hedge, and a aflriiigcnt Tafle. This ihort Defcription, white pyramidal, or fleeple Flower, Cam- in Dale's Opinion, agrees more to the Spe- panula orientalis , eretta, alHaria folio , fiore cies lafi delcribed, which is more probably *lbo , pyramidato . the true Medium of Diofcorides , than to the Rock oriental Bellflower, with Ivy-like Viola Mariana of MatthtoLu, which he l eaves, and a large Flower, Campanula ori- gives us for ir. entails, faxatilis, foliis cymbal aria, fore Bellflower with Leaves deeply cut, and- magno, a hard Fruit, the whole Plant being co- Oriental Bellflovyer, bearing one Flower vered with a hoary and woolly Down, only, ancla Campibn-Leaf, Campanula ori- Campanula foliis prof unde incifis, fruftu duro, entalis, m on ant ho s, lychnidis folio, t omen to ft tot a & incana* Oriental Bellflower, having its Leaves Rock Bellflower, having its lower Leaves cut into larger and curled Notches, and a like thofe cf the Daifie, and the left like bluifli expanded Flower, Campanula orien - tidily V' - * t The Comp teat Herbal • 1 or folicrnm trews amplioribtu C crifpis , fore potato , fubcaruho. Oriental Bellflower, having the Notches of its Leaves larger and curled, and a white Flowerwide-fpread and expanded ^Campanula mentality foliorum crenis amplimbus & crifpis , flore pat wo, albo • a Variety of the former. Oriental Bellflower, with a long, Biff, and rough Leaf, and a Flower (landing up¬ right, Campanula oriental is , folio longo, rigido, offer o, fore furjum fpe&ante . Silver, Rock Bellflower of the Eaft, with a Leaf like that of the Stock Gilly-flower, Campanula orientals faxatilis y argentea, leu - ton folio. Narrow-leaved oriental Bellflower, with a little Head like that of the red Poppy or Corn-role, Campanula oriental is y anguftifolUy capittdo papaveris rhaudos. Oriental Bellflower, with Flowers coh* le&ed into round Heads or Knots, a nar¬ rower Leaf, and a blue Flower, Campanula orientalis i fpharocephalosy folio angufliori, flore caruleo. Oriental Bellflower, with Sneeze-wort Leaves, and an oblong Flower, Campanula orientality foliis ptarmica, flore oblongo. Oriental Bellflower, with Flax-Leaves and a large Flower, Campanula orientalis li- nifolia, flore magno. Narrow - leaved, dwarf oriental Bell¬ flower, with'blue Flowers, all difpofed in one Rank or Order upon one Side, Campa¬ nula orientality angu/i folia, pumila , floribus caruleis , uno verfu difpofitis. Narrow^ leaved,, dwarf oriental Bell¬ flower, with white Flowers, all .difpofed in one Rank, Campanula orientality angujli - folia , pumiUy floribus albis , mo verfu dijpofl¬ its ; a Variety of the former. The greateft oriental Bellflower, fome- what hairy, with a great purplifh Flower, Campanula orientalis, maximay fubhirfutOy flore maximo, purpurafeente. The greatett oriental Bellflower, fome- what hairy, with a great Flower of a white Colour, Campanula orientality maxima r Jubhirfuta, flore maxima, albo x Tis a Variety of the former. Narrow-leaved oriental Bellflower, with many Stalks, and a Imall Flower, Campa¬ nula orientality mukkaultSy ar,gu{lfolia y flore parv*. a The higheft oriental Bellflower, with a fmall pyramidal Flower, Campanula orient tails, altifflma , flore parvo, pyramid at 0 , Oriental Bellflower,, with fnipt or in- fe&ed Leaves, and a fmall double Flower, Campanula orientality foliis incifls , flore minimo & multiplici. The Campanula had its Name from the Form of its Flower, which imitates the Shape of a Bell. In my Elements of Bo¬ tany, I diftinguifhed the Campanula from the Medium, from the different Number of its feminal Cells; but I have fmee difeo- vered that the Fruit of certain Species of the Bellflower is divided fometimes into three, fometimes into five Cells or Apartments. There are but few of the Bellflowers of any ulein Phyficfc. The Campanula vulgatior , foliis urtica veil major & ajperior of C. 2 L &c. The Tracbe - Hum of the Shops, or the great Throat- wort, as it is poffeffed of an aflringent and drying Quality, efpccially the Root, is re¬ commended as uftful in all Inflammations and Ulcers of the Throat and Mouth, in the Swellings, or as it is called, the falling down of the Uvula, and a Squinancy; and may without doubt be ufed with Suc- cefs in all other Ulcers> becaufe of its notable drying Faculty. The Campanula foliis profunde incifis, fruBu duro; the Medium of Diofcoridesy according- to Raumlf: The Root of this Species flops the menftrual Flux, but the Seeds are Em^ menagog, to ufe a barbarous Word, or pro¬ voke the Courfes, according to the Tefti- mony of Diofcorides. Lib . 4,. cap. 18. TA BLE XWIIL Fig. u GEN UiS II. Rapunculus,. Rampiotts, IS a Plant, with a Flower Aof one fingte * Leaf, in its Form approaching near to the Shape of a. Bell, but fo expanded , and cut, that it (hows or reprefents the Figure of a Star; its Pointal G is common¬ ly fpiit into two horned Divifions,* andits Flower-Cup B, changes into a Fruit D, .which, 102 The Comvleat Herbal. which is divided into three feminal Cells E, enclofing for the molt Part finall Seeds F. " Its Species are. Spiked Rampions, Rapunculus fpicatus. C. B. Pin. 92. Rapunculus fpicatus five com - fus, caruleus, fpiked Rampions with a blue Flower. J. B. 2. 109. Rapunculum Alopecu- ron, Fox*tail Rampions. Dodon. Pempt.16^. The Root, which both in bignefs and tafle refembles that of the common Ram¬ pions, fends up Leaves like thofe of the Ad arch Violet, hanging upon long Foot- Balks, fometimes found lpotted with black, tho* thofe which adorn the Stalk, which is about two Foot in height, hollow, angu¬ lar, and full of a milky Juice, are oblong and narrow: At the Top of the Stalk Bands a fpiked Head or Bulh of Flowers, of' a beautiful Blue, or a purple-violet Co¬ lour, compofed of many little Horns, di¬ vided at the Bale into arched Segments, which are fucceeded b^ little Heads or Husks, of a roundish Shape, or fomewhat angular, like to thole of the common Ram¬ pions, but fmaller, Banding clofely con¬ joined at the Top of the Stalk, containing many minute and fmall Seeds, of a fhining brownifh Colour: Mr. Ray firfl difcovered it near to the Span in Germany, afterwards in the mountainous Parts near to Geneva , but never in England. Spiked Rampions, with Flowers of a deep violet Colour, and Leaves marked with black Spots, Rapunculus fpicatus , jlore fat urate violaceo , joins nigris maculis not at is. C. B. Pin. 92. This is the Rapunculus fpicatus five comojus , folio macul^to, fpiked Rampions with a lpotted Leaf, of J. B. 2. 809. Spiked Rampions with a white Flower, Rapunculus fpicatus albus. C.B. Pin. 92. The Rapsmculus fpicatus five comofus , albus of J. B. 2. 809. Spiked Rampions with a yellowifh Flow¬ er, Rapunculus fpicatus flore flavefeente. Rampions with an oblong Leaf, and a round Head or Spike of Flowers, Rapuncu - lus folio oblongo, fpica orbiculari. C. B. Pin. 92. This is the Rapunculus flore globofo purpureo , Rampions with a round purple Flower of J. B. 2. 810. and the Rapunculum cornicula - 2 turn, monianum , horned, Mountain *Ram- pions of Columna. Part. 1. 224. The crooked little Horns of the Flowers circularly difpofed above the five green Leaves which Band at the Top of the Stalk and ferve as it were for a Bafe, form a round globular Head, of a bluifh-purple Colour: Thefe, at their firfl rife from their Flower-Cups, are of an orbicular Shape, and about the thicknefs of a bitter Vetch’ and afterwards end in a little crooked Horn, entwining with one another, and bending or nodding towards the Centre • as they ripen and grow to maturity, they Bioot out another more Bender and not half fo long, with a triple Fork at the Ex¬ tremity, this is the Style or Pointal,- then at the loweB little knob or fwelling- divide into five Parts or Bender Strings, imitating the Shape of a Diflaff; within are lodged five little yellow Threads or Stamina; as the Flower ripens, the forked Extremities of the little Horns or Pointals, likewife grow bigger and wreathed, and thele Jags or Divifions of the Flower are entirely fe- parated from the internal Pointal, and con¬ tinue upright and eredted, till the little Husks or Seed-bladders begin to fweil, then they bend downwards and fall off5 when Cups like thofe of the common Rampions, crowned with five Points, fuc- ceed, which, when ripened, are perforated, and thro* the Holes of their Cells throw a yellow Seed, fomewhat broader than that of the narrow-leaved Mountain Throat- wort ; this Species flowers in Augufi ■ the Root is perennial, of a white Colour, pret¬ ty thick, Brait, like that of the Rapuntium , but fmaller, and very much branched; the JowermoB Leaves are fmooth, like thofe of the common Rampions, but rounder, near¬ ly approaching in Form to thole of the March Violet, or the pyramidal Bell¬ flower, broad as the Nail of the grearefl Finger, and bluntly toothed; the Leaves which adorn the lower Part of the Stalk, which is about a Foot in heigfif and cha- nelled, are about feven in Number, twice longer than the others, and alternately dif¬ pofed, more like to thofe of the common Rampions, and more iharply toothed about the Edges j from the middle of the Stalk to the The Compleat Herbal., 103 the Top, fond two or three more narrow, notched, Jike thofe of iheAlliaria or Jack- and fharper-pointed Leaves at fuch Inter- by-the-Hedge, but (inaller, (lender, of a vals, that they leave the Stalk naked; the deep Green, and hand upon Foothalks five whole Plant abounds with a milky Juice, or fix Inches long; but thofe which grow and is of a pleafant agreeable Tahe. upon the Stalk, are longer, narrower, and Candy Rampions, Ranunculus Creticus , feu more deeply, yet more fparingly, infe&ed, pyramidalis altera. C. B. Pin . 9 4. This is the and have much (hotter Foothalks; five or Rapunculus Creticus y petromarula of J. B. 2. fix whereof encompafs the Tuft or Umbel 811. and the Petromarula , Rapunculus Cre- which hands at the Top of the Stalk, cotn- ticus of Ferrante Imperato. 668. pofed of twenty or more Flowers, from a This tender Plant bears Succory-like blue inclining to a purplifh Colour, which Leaves, large, and deeply infe&ed, of a fhoot from Flower-Cups fupported by deep green L Colour, fhining underneath, (hort, broad, and hreaked Foothalks; from fometimes tending to a Purple, and fmooth: each Flower-Cup one Flower rifes, fwel- But when it fprings from its Seed fown,its lingjnto a Belly at its Origine, of an ob- firh Leaves are very like thofe of the black long Form, gradually narrowing, and Violet, round, and either not at all, or notched at the Extremity, representing the very little, indented ; it has many Stalks, Shape of a Glafs Retort; upon the Middle two or four Foot high, round, and break- of its Belly it has five Cuts or Gafhes,. ed or crehed, which are deck’d with nume- which don't reach to the Neck, nor divide rous Flowers of a purple Colour, Jike to its whole Body to the Flower-Cup ; in the thofe of the oriental Jacinth, handing fo Middle many little Filaments are lodged, clofe together that they form a large Spikeone whereof is of fuch a length, that it they are fucceeded by a Fruit or Husk en- hretches fomewhat beyond the Neck, and clofing very finall Seeds; the Root is large, when ripened appears forked at the Extre- white, branched, and in Tahe refembles mity; it was difeovered growing among that of the common Rampions; the whole the Precipices of Montebaldo. Plant abounds with a milky Juice: It Rampions with a grafiy Leaf, Rapunculus grows plentifully almoft every where In. folio gramineo: This is th z Rapuntium angu- Candy by Road-fides, among the Rocks, and Jlifolium > narrow-leaved Rampions of Co¬ upon Walls; it flowers there in the Begin- lumna. Part. 2. 26. ning of the Rummer, afterwards it wholly Rampions with blue, Scabious - like' dries and withers, except the Root, which Heads, Rapunculus fiabioja capitulo caeruleo. begins to (hoot out Leaves in Ottober , and C. B. Pin. 92. This is the Scabiofa globularis continues green all the Winter. quam ovinam vocant , the globular or round- Horned Rampions of the Alps y Rapunpu- headed Scabious, called Sheep-Scabious, .of lus Alpinus , comiculatus. C. B. Pin. 93. and J. B. 3. 12. and the Rapuntiwn montanum y Prodrom . 33. This is the Rapunculo comofo capitatum , leptophyllon , or Mountain Ram- ffiicato aliquatenus affinis ex Baldo of J. B. 2. pions with round Heads of Flowers, and 811. thin or (lender Leaves,'of Columna. Part. 1. The Root, which is tuberous, compofed 227. as it were of many little knobs, white, and The Root is fingle, white, woody, fhoot- • about the thicknels of a Finger (fometimes ing out fome (lender Fibres from its Sides* . woody, of a pale Colour, and wrinkled fometimes found divided into feverai or rugged, a Hand-breadth and a half in Heads; the Stalks are one Foot or two in length, according to Pond) fends up fome- height, (lender, hairy, found fometimes times but one, fometimes more Stalks, fingle, fometimes branched, and areadorn-. (lender, hreaked or chanelled, and four In- ed.with numerous narrow Leaves, about ches in height; the Leaves which fhoot im- the length of a Finger, foft, rough, or mediately from the Root with the Stalk, hairy, not infe6ted, but fomewhat waved incline from a round to an oblong Figure, or curled about the Edges, and are irregu- in form retembling thofe of the blue Dai- larly difpofed without Foothalks: The fie; commonly they are roundilh and Stalks and Branches terminate in long, fmooth; 104 7 w Comfleat Herbal , fmooth, and ftrcaked FootttaIks, which luftain Flowers like thofe of the Scabious, encompafied or embraced by Flower*Cups compoled of many little broad Leaves end¬ ing in a fharp Point: Mr. Ray thinks that tliefe Flowers ought to be called com polite or aggregated, for they confift of many lit¬ tle blue* Flowers clolely conjoined, which arc indeed monopetalous, yet divided and expanded into five long Segments, each whereof has a proper and peculiar Foot- ibilk, and is fucceeded by a feminai Veflel filled withfinall (Tuning Seeds; tlie whole Plant abounds with a milky Juice, in which refpedT too it ought rather to be rank¬ ed among the Rampions than the Scabious Plants it is found frequently in England in iandy and barren Fallows, and flowers in Summer. * Rampions with white, Scabious-like Heads, Rapuncalus fcabiofa capitulo alba. C.B. Pin. 92. Candy Rampions with a white Flower, Ranunculus Creticus , petromarula fhre albo. Oriental Rampions, with narrow in¬ dented Leaves, Ranunculus orientahs, foliis angufits, dent at is. Narrow-leaved oriental Rampions, bear¬ ing many Stalks, all over flowered, Ranun¬ culus orientalise angtifHfolisis y multicaulis , *#- tus floridus. Oriental Rampions, with a Leaf like that Of the Meadow Bellflower, Ranunculus orient alls, Campanula: pratenfis folio. Oriental Rampions, with longer Leaves, rough and rigid or fliff, Ranunculus orient a- lit , foliis longioribus, afperis & rigidis. The highefl oriental Rampions, with Leaves fliff and finooth, Ranunculus orients Us, ahijfimus , foliis glabris & rigidis. Oriental Rampions, with a Leaf like that of the Dame-Violets, Ranunculus orien- talis , hefperidis folio . The Rapunculus borrows its Name from Rapa, as Napettus from JSJapa, becaufe of theRcfemblance of their Roots* SEC T. IX. Of Herbs , with a Flower cf one fingle Leaf fhaped likg a Bell, wbofe Flower-Cup changes into a Double or Twin Fruit. TABLE XXVIII. Fig. 2. G EN US I. Rubia, Madder, a Plant with a Flower of one Angle Leaf A, of the expanded Bell-lhape, cut into feveral Segments, and commonly per¬ forated C : Its Flower-Cup D changes into a Fruit E, compofed of two Twin juicy Berries F, containing Seeds G H, for the moil Part dimpled into a Navel-like Con¬ cavity I, femine umbilicato; the Difpofition of the Leaves which grow in Whirls round the Stalk, may be added as another diftin- gmfhing Charaderiflick. Its Species are. Cultivated Dyers Madder, Rubia Tinfto- rum fativa. C. B. Pin. 333. This is the Rubia fativa, cultivated or Garden Madder, of J. B. 3.714. and the Rubia of Dodoneus. Tempt. 352. This kind bears long four-fquared Stalks, rough, fet with many little Hooks, and full of knots; from whence (hoot out at every Joint, five or fix oblong narrow Leaves, rough, infeded into feveral hairy Notches round the Edges, apt to fatten and flick to the Cloaths, like thofe of the Apa~ rine or Goofe-Grafs, but much larger, lur- 1 rounding the Stalk in whirls, or in the j S hape of a Star or Wheel; the Flowers grow upon the Tops of the Branches ftllened by The Compleat Herbal 105 by little Stems, cut into five pr fix Part?, difpofed like a Star, of a yellow-greenifh Colour, and when the Flower is faded, the little Cup wherein it Rood changes into a Fruit compofed of two Berries joined toge¬ ther, full of Juice, and of a black Colour when ripe, each whereof contains a Seed almoft round, enclofed in a Membrane or Pellicle; the Roots are numerous, long, creeping, and full of Juice, Ruffed with a hard woody Pith, of a fweetifli TaRe at firR, but quickly after turning fharp and bitter ; when frefh and new they are of a bright red Colour, but when old and dry, of a dark Red: This Plant is cultivated in rich Soils in many Parts of Europe , and the Root gathered in May and June, to dry it for keeping and tranfportation. Madder is brought to us in three dif¬ ferent Manners, and diRinguiRied by the Names of Madder in the Branch, Madder in the Bundle, and Madder unbundled: The firR Sort is ; brought to us in the Root, as it comes out .of the Ground, without any other Preparation than that of being dried: The fecond Sort is that of Bunch- * Madder, orfuchas is made into bundles; * which is Madder in Branch, firR freed from * the / Bark, and the Heart or Pith, then Ground by a Mill into a grofs Powder, as we buy it: The third Sort is the Madder ■ unbundled, that is, the branched Madder ‘ground to Powder; but the bunched Mad¬ der, or that in bundles, is the beR, which, * for its Excellency when it is frefh, is made into Bales, or put up into Casks, of a pale Red,/ but-as it grows older, increafes its Colour to a fine Red ; that of Zealand is efleemed the btR for the Dyer’s Ufe. The greater wild Madder, Rnbia fylve- : fir is , Monfpejfalana, major. J-B. jij. The Leaves of this Species are finaller > than .thole of the cultivated Madder, and of a dark Green, whereas tbofe of the firR iare.ofa paler Green; in the Spring it fiioots forth fmalT yellow’Flowers ; and bears its * Fruit in (the Summer and Autumn, which continues upon it all the Winter, nor does >tlie Plant it felt wither and die, whereas the Cultivated-Madder. perifheth yearly; it ■ grows not onlywupon. the Rock of St. Fin- Wit near toBrijhl, but/aMo upon the Rocks near to Bedford , and plentifully in the Hedges throughout all Devonfbire. Foreign Madder, with four Leaves (hoot¬ ing from the Joint?, very rough, and of a fhining Colour, Rnbia quadrifolia , afperri- ma , lucida , peregrinajm Hermans Catalogue of the Plants in the Garden at Leyden. The Leaves of this Sort are of a block fhining Green, and the Flowers whitiih : In other reipedts it agrees with the com¬ mon Sort. Shrub Madder of Candy , with thin Leaves, Rnbia Cretica , frntefcens , tennifolia : This is the Rnbia arborefcens- y orTree^Mad- der, o f Profper Alpinus. Exot. i ro. Candy Madder, with a very large and rough Leaf, Rnbia Cretiaa , folio anjpiifjimo afpero . All the.Species of the Madder, hitherto known or difcovered, have their Leaves difpofed in whirls, or in the Shape of a radiant Star at. each Joint of the jStalk;; ‘by which mark they , are eafily diflinguifhed when they are neither, in Flower nor Fruit; and from the .other Plants which have the fame common .generical CharacteriRick, (viz,, a Flower-Cup changing into a double Fruit,) by their Fruit which is full of Juice. > Tis the Root of the firR Species which is of common Ufe; chymically analyzed it yields abundance of thick Oil, Earth, and acid Phlegm, as alfo fome Quantity ofcon¬ creted volatile Salt, and urinous Spirit; 16 that its Virtues appear chiefly to depend upon a copious Sulphur joined with Salt Armoniack and Earth. It is efleemed a vulnerary Plant, and is principally ufed in all Obflrudions of the Spleen, Liver* and efpecially of the Womb; ;confequently of great Ufe in the Jaundice, Dropfy, an. Qbflru&ion of Urine, and to diflolve or attenuate thick and coagulated Blood, and in an ObRrudlion of the monthly Courfes, which it Rrongly pro¬ vokes : Thefe its Virtues and Ufes are con¬ firmed by the Authority of Diojcorides and Galen y tbo' fome moderns will have it to be more afiringent than aperitive, and recom¬ mend it to. flop the hemorrhoidal and men- flrual Flux, .when exccflive, and in Dylen- teries; .but frequent experience confounds P their io 6 The Complydt Herbal, their Plea ; and as it is ufed by the Dyers in the Preparation of their red Colour, which it gives very bright, it muft confifi of very iubtle Parts, fit to penetrate and open Ob fir unions 5 tho’ at the fame Time we do not deny btit that it may partake of fome Degree of Afiringency. TABLE XXIX. Fig. i. GENUS II. Aparine, Cleavers or Goofe-grafs , I S a Plant with a Flower A, of the ex- panded Bell-fhape, cut into leveral Seg¬ ments; whole Flower-Cup B changes into a dry FruitC G, covered with a thin Rind or Bark, and compofed of two little round Husks D, containing each one Seed E, ha¬ ving upon one Side a Concavity or Hol- lownefs that appears like a Navel F: The roughnefs of its Leaves, which (hoot out five or more from each Joint, and furround the Stalk in whirls, or in the Form of a radiant Star, may be added as another Mark or diftinguifhing Charadterifiick. Its Species are, Common Goofe-grafs, Aparine vulgaris. C. B. Pin. 334. The Aparine or Cleavers of J. B. 3. 713. and of Dodoneus. Pempt. 353. It has many rough, fquare Stalks, Ben¬ der, and full of Joints or Knots, climbing if they meet with any Prop, and ftretching three or four Yards in height, and branch¬ ed; the Leaves are rough, ending in a lit¬ tle prickly Point, and furround the Stalk at each Joint in whirls, (landing five, fix, or feven together; the Flowers rife, near to the Tops of the little Branches, from the Joints upon oblong, very Bender, and thready Footfialks, of a white Colour, and are divided into four Segments; they are fucceeded by a Fruit and Seed, fuch as we have already deferibed : It grows common¬ ly near to Hedges, fometimes among the Corn, and frequently in Gardens, where it is a Weed difficult to root out; it rifes firfi out of the Earth with two large Leaves: Tuchfiusi Figure of this Species is faulty for it reprefents the Leaves notched. The Stalks, Leaves, and Seed are io roudi that they fiick and cleave to whatever touches them. Common Goofe-grafs, with a fmaller Seed, Aparine vulgaris , femine minors . Goofe-grais with a Seed like unto a Co¬ riander comfit, Aparine Jemine Coriandri fac- charati. Parkinfon. Theat. 567. This is the Aparine fruttu verrucofo , Goofe-grafs with a Seed full of wart-like Excrefcences, in the Garden of Dionyfius Joncquet. Hort. Joncq. This Species is fmaller than the common, the Leaves fmooth, the Seed is warty, but not rough, io as to cling or flick to what touches it. Portugal Goofe-grafs with a prickly Fruit, Afparine Lufitanica , jruttu echinato. Goofe-grafs with a fmooth Seed, Aparine femine Uvi. H. Reg. Par . 1 his is the Apa¬ rine femine Uviori , or Cleavers with a fmoother Seed, of Ray in his Hifi. 484. This is a fmaller Plant than the firfi and common Sort, the Stalks are fhorter, the Leaves fmaller, lefs hairy, and of a paler Colour ; the Seeds are not altogether fmooth, yet lefs rough ; it is found in the Fields about Cambridge among the Corn, in a chalky Soil. The lower, Mountain, broad-leaved Goofe-grafs, Aparine latifolia, humilior , mon- tana : This is the Afperula five rubeola mon- tana } odora, or the Sweet-fmelling Wood- roof of C.B. Pin. 334. The Rubiis accedens afperula quibufdam , five Hepatica fiellaris of J. B. 3. 718. and the afperula' odora - ta , fiore albo, fweet-fmelling Woodroof with a white Flower, of Dodoneus . Pempt. creeps near to the upper Surface of the Earth, with a little Bender Root full of Joints, (hooting downwards fome capillary Fibres ; from whence rife Bender fquare Stalks, a Hand-breadth or a Span in length, from each of whofe Joints the Leaves (hoot, furrounding the Stalk in whirls, broader than thofe of the common Goofe-grafs, of a paler fhining green Colour, and fome- what rqugh or hairy ; near to the Top the Stalk divides into two or three little Bran¬ ches, from whence the Footfialks fhoot, ftp*: toS. Aparme . Cleowoonf or £o^oj&~aroJo . A A n Gallium. Oieej’-C' iJOnitfiy. 7 ^. 3 . ^ Cruciata. nwrt/. a Quamoclit. P*J--u3 The Compleat Herbal. 107 fupportmg fweet-fmelling Flowers, of a white Colour, in Form refembling thofe of the Valerian ; the Seeds are final!, and very rough, flicking to the Cloaths, not exaftly round, but rather approaching to the Shape of a Kidney ; it grows in open Woods almoft every where, and flowers in May: J. Bautin takes the Flowers of this Species to be compofed of four Leaves, whereas they are Angle-leaved or monope- talous. Low, narrow-leaved, Mountain Goofe- grafs, Aparine angufiifolia , humilior , mon- tana. Dwarf Goofe-grafs with Stalks lying flat upon the Ground, and a blue Flower, A - parine fupina, pumila , fiore caruleoi This is the Rubia parva , fiore caruleo , fe fpargens , little Madder, with a blue Flower, and its Stalks fpread upon the Ground, of J. B. 3. 719. The Root is oblong, flender, and capil- laceous, of a red Colour, and hard and woody; the Stalks lie fpread upon the Ground, full of Joints, of a reddifh Co¬ lour, and fqtfare, rough, and fometimes branched, a Hand-breadth, feldom a Foot in length; at each Joint it fhoots out fmali roundifh Leaves, broad enough in propor¬ tion to the bignefs of the Plant, encom- paffing the Stalk in the Form of a radiant Star, hairy, Lome what rough, and termi¬ nating in a very (harp Point; the Flowers fland at the Tops of the Stalks and little Branches amid ft fome few Leaves; they are fmali and of a blue Colour, or from a blue inclining to a purplifh Colour; each Flower is fucceeded by two Husks conjoin¬ ed like a Pair of Tefticles, containing a yel¬ low Seed. C. Bautin miftook the Flower of this Plant for a Flower compofed of five Leaves, whereas J tis certainly monopetalous or of one Angle Leaf, divided into four Segments; the Figure which reprefents it, in The Hifiory of Plants , printed at Lyons , under the Title of Myagrum alterum, minus, Dalechampiiy is pretty exa6f, and tolerably well engraved, fo that this laft defcribed Plant is not to be ieparated, nor reputed different from the Afperula hexaphyllos , pur¬ purea of C. B. nor had J. Bautin any reafon to doubt it was not the fame with the AlJ - terias five Stellaria. Lugd . feeing the Author of The General Hifiory of Plants , printed at Lyons , afl'ures, that its Leaves are narrower than thofe of the Galium or Cheefe-runnet: Hifioire des Plantes qui naiffent aux environs de Paris . Hoary Goofe-grafs, growing upon the Sea-Coafts, with a purple Flower: This is the Galium maritimum , hirfutum , fiore rnbro , Cheefe-runnet or our Ladies Bedftraw, growing upon the Sea Coafts, hairy, and bearing a red Flower, in the Catalogue of Plants in the Royal Garden at Paris. The lefler Marfh Goofe-grafs of Paris , with a white Flower, Aparine palu^ris, minor , Parifienfis , fiore albo. The Roots are flender, of a reddifh Co¬ lour, and fhoot out feveral capillary Fi¬ bres; the Stalks are about a Foot high, fquare, of a greyifh Colour, the quarter of a Line in thicknefs, rough, and fcarce firm enough to fupport themlelves; at every Joint they are adorned with Ax or eight Leaves, difpofed in the Form of a radiant Star, rough likewife, four or five Lines in length, and one broad, not fo (harp at the Extremity, as at that part by which they adhere to the Stalk; from the Bofoms of thofe Leaves fome fhort Branches fhoot, which for the moft Part are only flutter¬ ed or difperfed Clufters, an Inch, or an Inch and a half in length, the Grains whereof are charged with white Flowers, one Line and a half large, and divided in¬ to four Segments, like thofe of the common Goofe-grafs; the Flower-Cup is a rough Button with two Bellies, which afterwards becomes the Fruit. The fmalleft Spanijh Goofe-grafs, Aparine Hifpanica , minima. Goofe-grafs of Greece , like to the com¬ mon Sort, with a very broad Leaf, Aparine Graca , vulgari fimilis, folio latijjlmo . Rock Goofe-grafs of Greece , hoary, with very thin flender Leaves, Aparine Gr&ca , faxatilis , incana , tenuifolia: This is the Ga¬ lium montanum , Creticum , or Mountain Cheefe-runnet of Candy , of Profper Alpinus Exot , 166. Rock Goofe-grafs of Samos , broad-leaved, and hoary, Aparine Sarnia , faxatilis , latifolia , & incana . The lefler annual Goofe-grafs of Samos , with Flowers dwindling into flender Ca- P 2 pillaments. io8 The Comp leaf Herbal. piilaments, Aparine Sarnia, minor , annua, fioribus in capillamenta abeuniibus. The letter and hoary oriental Goofe*grafs r bearing many white Flower?, Aparine ori~ entalis, minor & in c ana, multi flora , fibre albo . The Aparine or Goofc-grafs is difiin- guidied from the Madder by its dry Fruit, from the Crofs-wort, by the Number of the Leaves which furround the Stalk at eve¬ ry joint, which are five or fix; and from the Cheeie-rumret or Ladies Bedftraw, by the Roughnefsor Downynels of its Leaves. The fir ft' Species, which, according to Mr. Ray, is the Aparine or Fhilanthropon of Diofcorides , and the Lappago of Pliny , and the Aparine or Goole-grals of the Shops, has many virtues aficribed to it: Diojcorides , who has described it pretty exatftly, Cap. 88. Lib. 3. tells us, that the Juice of the Seed, Stalks and Leaves, is of ui'e agaiirft the Bi- tings of Vipers, and of the Spider, called Phalangjum ; that drop’d into the Ear, it cures the Pain of that part; and that a Otaplafm of the bruifed’ Herb with Axunge difiolves llrumous Swellings; he add's, that the Country People uie it as a Strafner, to clear their Milk of Hairs, Straws, or any iuch like Thing: Mattkiolus adds, that the Juice of this Plant is highly commended: tor the Cure of green Wounds, and of ul¬ cerated Nipples; and that the diftilled Wa¬ ter is of great ufeiira Dyfentery ; the Pow¬ der of the dried Herb ftrewed upon a frellv Wound hops the Flux of Blood; it is efteemed too as a Specific in the Jaundice. Dr. Needham lays, that the diftilled Wa¬ ter, or the Infufion of the Herb in White Wine, is an excellent Remedy again ft tire Stone and Gravel; and Dr. Palmer recom¬ mends tire Decodlion of it as of admirable Efficacy in a Ample Gmorrhaa. The fisth Species, Aparine latifolia , Irnrni- Ihr , mm ana, which is the AJperula (he Rubeola montana odor a of C. B. & c. The Af- perula or Wood roof of the Shops, is of uie in Obftrudions of the Liver and Biliary Dudi, conlequently in the Jaundice, and in all Inflammations of the Liver ; theGV?*- mans ufe it in their Wine as we do Burnet, to difpel melancholy, and exiuiirate the Spirits. TABLE XXIX Fig. a. GENUS III. Galium, Choefe - runnet or Ladies Bedftraw, |S a Plant with a Flower A, of the ex- panded Beli-fhape, cut into fcveral Seg¬ ments, whole Flower-Cup B changes into a Fruit D, -com poled of two dry Seeds, for the moll Pa rt lhuped like a Half Moon C, its Leaves'E, are neither rough nor napped with any Down, an&fhoot out five or fix in Number in a radiant Form, or in whirls, from every joint of the Stalk, which muft be added to the other CharaClerifticks. Its Species are, Broad - leaved, branched, Mountain CheefehriiiBoet, Galium, montiamm ,. latij'oJhm, ranufim. : This, is, the. Mo Hugo montana , la.- tifdiit, ramofa ■>., broad leaved.’, branched,. Mountain Ladies Bedfiaraw, of G B. 334, The Rubin fylvatka, lavii r ox I'mootix Wood- Madder of j. B. 3. 716. and the Mollugo of Dodonem. PempL 354. This Plant is very much branched.; the Stalks are ftrait, finooth, round, and at great intervals have many knotty Jowms; the Leaves are dilpoled in the Fomm of a- radiant Star round the Joints, like th ofir ©f the lweet- fine Ming Wood roof, and feft; the Flowers are white, and grow in- inch plenty upon the Tops 02 the Stalks, and the little Twigs, that they appear to ftand in tufts; it grows in mountainous woody Parts, and Iprings up in the beginning of April ; it is eafily diftmguifhed from every other Species of this kind by its Bignefs, the fmeothrrefs of its Leaves and Stalks, the up right nets and rouudnefs of its Stalks, and its Place of Growth. Mr. Ray feems to bp of Opinion, That the Rubia arboreftens- Crerica, or the Tree Madder of Candy, of Profp&r Alpinus, in his E.votieh, is the fame with this. Species ,* the Stem is ilicrrt, and about the thieknels of a 3 The Comp feat Herbal. top Finger, and fends out many Branches, err. It has a (lender creeping Root, which from the Tops whereof two or three little takes Arong hold in the Ground, woody, (lender Twigs (hoot, which divide into and of a brownifh Red; the Stalks are a others, upon which, on both Sides, ttand Span, fometimes two Foot in length, (leu- fmall whitifli Flowers; the Root is of a der, and fomewhat hairy ; in places expo- reddifh Colour; in other Marks, which fed to the Sun, they are of a reddtth Co- are here omitted, it agrees with the above lour, and appear fquare; the Leaves fur- defcribed Species. round the Stalk at the Joints in whirls; Common, white Gheefe-runnet, Galium they are longer and narrower than thofe of album, vulgare : This is the Mollugo montana, the fmooth wild Madder, of a dark (Lining anguflifolia, vel Galium album, latifolium, Green, and Rand nine for the mott Part to- narrow-leaved Mountain Mollugo , or broad- gether at each Joint; from each Joint like- leaved, white Ladies Bedttraw, of C B. Pin. wife two little Branches commonly (hoot, 334. The Galium album of J. B. 3. 721. and upon which, as alio at the Tops of the the Mollugo vulgatior berSariorum, Galium Stalks, the Flowers rife in clutters; they are album quorundam, according to Lobri. Icon, of a yellow Colour, and divided into four 802. Segments fo difpcfed as to reprefent a Star, The Roots are woody, covered with a and are lucceeded each by two conjoined Bark of a deep Yellow, white within, and Seeds; it grows commonly in dry patturage (hoot downwards many little yellow Fi- Grounds, funny Banks, and near to the bres; they fend up feveral Stalks, three Borders of Fields. Cubits, fometimes. more in length, weak, Ladies Bedttraw with a pale-coloured and {(retching upon the Ground, if they Flower, Galium fore pallido. J. B. 3. 721. find no Prop for iupport; they are (lender Cheefe-runnet with a yellowitti Flower, towards the Root, and from thence turn Galium fore flavefcente. thicker by little and little, as do mott Mountain Ladies Bedttraw, with thin others of this kind, (qnare, hollow, fmooth, Leaves, and a Flower of a black or dark of a green Colour, and, if they grow in purple Colour, Galium nigro purpureum, mon- Plhces expofed to-the Sun, fometimes they tanum, tenuifolium. Col. Part. 1.298. are found of a purplifh* Colour, brittle, Ladies Bedttraw of the Fields, with a have-knotty Joints, with long intervals be- blue Flower, Galium arvenfe, fore caruleo : tween r and branched, four little Branches This is the Rubia carulea, ereffior elatiorve, (hooting from each Joint, two of which blue Madder, with higher and more up- are-more- remarkably large, and the two right Stalks, of J. B. 3. 719. other finaller, handing lower at their Annual Ladies Bedttraw of Portugal, Sides; the Stalks are furrounded at the with a yellow Flower, Galium fore luteo, Jbints by eight Leaves, more or Iefs, dii- annuum, Lufuanicum. Vir. Lx fit an. pofed Star-fattuonjfcar.ee a Finger in kngth, Ladies Bedttraw of Portugal, with fmall fomewhat broad, (harp-pointed, of a deep yellow Flowers, difpofed in whirls, Galium Green, and (mooch; the Flowers are very Lufitankum, floreparvo, verticillato, luteo. numerous, and rife from, the Middle to the Ladies Bedttraw growing upon Rocks, Top, from each Joint of the Stalks and lit- with a sky-coloured or bluifh Leaf, Galium tie Branches, as it were in clutters ; they faxatile, glauco folio. Boccon . Muf. Part . 2. , are* white, and divided into four (harp- Tab. 116. This is the Galium faxatile , gla- pointed Segments; they are fuccecded by bro folio, Cheeie-run net of the Rocks, with two Seeds; it grows commonly near to a fmooth Leaf, of the fame Author. Pag . Hedges, and in Ground full of Thorns and 172. Brambles, Dwarf, andfinallett Ladies Bedttraw of Yellow Ladies Bedttraw, Galium luteum. the Rocks, with its Stalks lying flat upon C. B. Pin. 335. This is the Galium veruw, the Ground, Galium faxatile, minimum-, fu- or the true Cheefe-runnet ef J\ B. 3. 720. pimrn & pumilum . and the Galium of Dodonens. Tempt. 3^*5, The (mailed Ladies Etdftraw of the Py¬ renees, The Cample at Herbal. i io rentes, bearing the Form and Appearance of a Mofs, Galium faxatile , minimum , Pyrena- um y mufci facie . Ladies Bedftraw of the Rocks, with a very large and bluifh Leaf, Galium faxatile , folio peramplo , glauco. Thin-leaved, annual, Ladies Bedftraw of Candy y with a whitilh Flower, Galium Creticum y annuum, tcnuifolium , fiore albido. The Ladies Bedftraw is diftinguifhed from the Goofe-grafs by its Leaves, 4 which are neither rough nor covered with a hairy Nap. It is called Gallium or rather Galium , from ytLK&, Milk, which it is efteemed to curdle. Of all the above mentioned Species, that which is of mod common Ufe is^fhe Ga¬ lium Luteum , or yellow Lady’s Bedftraw, &c. It is vulnerary and deteifive or clean- fing; it is ufed in Catalogue as effe&ual in the Cure of an Epilepfy; Lome drink it after the Manner of Tea, as a Remedy a- gainft the Gout; the Syrup compofed of its Flowers is very aperitive, and proper to provoke the monthly Courfes of Women : Taber nemont anus tells us, that the Deco&ion of this Plant is an excellent Remedy againft the dry Scab of little Children, ufed either by Way of Fomentation, or Bath; the Herb, or the Powder of the dried Herb, is recommended as ufeful in all Hemorragies or Fluxes of Blood, which it ftops by its thickningand coagulating Faculty, and to cure Cancers or cancerous Ulcers; and we learn from Diofcorides y that its Flowers are not only endowed with thefe Powers, but that they were likewife ingredients in all Ointments againft Burnings and Scaldings: Info la ted or expofed to the Sun in a Glafs with Olive-Oil, till it turns white, thus prepared, it is good to anoint the Feet of the wearied Traveller, and removes all Senfe of Latitude; the Decodlion of the Herb produces the fame Effeft; he adds, that the Root excites to Venery, and pro¬ vokes Luft : Gerard tells us, that the Peo¬ ple in Chefhire , efpecially about Nantwich , where the beft Cheefe is made, ufe it in their Runnet, and efteem highly of that Cheefe above all others made without it. The Gallium album vulgare y &c. has been commonly efteemed ufelefs in Phyfick, yet modern Experience attefts it greatly bene¬ ficial in an Epilepfy; which we may be¬ lieve upon the Teftimonies of Boccone and Tournefort . TABLE XXIX. Fig. 3. GENUS IV. Cruciata, Crofs-wort, 'THE Crofs-wort differs in nothing from the Lady’s Bedftraw and the Goofe- grafs, but in the Number of Leaves that it (hoots from every Joint, which are four only F, difpoled in the Form of a Crofs. Its Species are, Rough or hairy Crofs-wort, Cruciata hirfuta. C. B. Pin. 355. This is the Cruciata or Crofs-wort of Dodoneus. Pempt. 357. and the Galium latifolium , Cruciata quibufdam , flore luteo y the broad-leaved Lady’s Bed¬ ftraw, the Crofs-wort of fome Authors, with a yellow Flower, of J . B. 3.717. It has a creeping Root, (hooting from the Joints many ftringy Fibres of a yellow¬ ish Colour, which fends up feveral Stalks a Foot, fometimes more in length, fquare, hairy, (lender and weak, and full of Joints, at each whereof ftand four broad, hairy Leaves, bluntly pointed, and without Foot- ftalks, difpofed Crofs-ways; the Flowers grow in whirls from the Bofoms of the Leaves, yet, if curioufly oblerved, they don’t rife from every Leaf, but from the Bofoms of the two oppofite Leaves only • from whence (hoot for the moft Part three little Twigs charged with (mail yellow Flowers, divided into four Segments; each Flower is fucceeded by two Seeds. It is found commonly in England near to Hedges, and in thorny Brakes. Smooth Crofs-wort, Cruciata glabra . C. B. Pin . 335. This is the Rubia quadrifolia , glabra y angufiifolia y or four-leaved, fmooth, and narrow-leaved Madder of J. B. 3. 717. This differs from the former, in that its Leaves are narrower, and fmooth, yet not altogether fo, for they are edged with a de¬ licate The Compleat Herbal. 1 1 x licate hairy Fringe; the Stalks are entirely fmooth: J. Bauhin had it from Padua. Broad-leaved and fmooth Crofs-wort of the Alps, Cruciata Alpina, latifolia, Uvis: This is the Rubia quadrifolia, vel latifolia la- vis, four-leaved or fmooth broad-leaved Madder of C. B. Pin. 334. The Rubia qua - drifolia, Italic a, hirfuta , four-leaved, hairy, Italian Madder of J.B. 3.717. and the Rubia Uvis Taurinenfium , or the fmooth Madder of Turin, according to Icon. 800. This beautiful Species rifes with Stalks two Foot in height, whofe Joints are a- dorned with four Leaves, difpofed in the Form of a Crofs, in form refembling thofe of Plantain, nervous, fharp-pointed, loft, and fomewhat hairy, two Inches long, and one in breadth; the Flowers are white, grow in whirls round the Joints, and dand fupported by the Leaves. It is found upon the Hills of Piedmont near to Turin , and elfewhere in Italy. Crofs-wort with Flowers growing or difpofed in fpread Tufts, Cruciata floribus paniculatim nafeentibus: This is the Rubia fe- mine duplici, bifpido , lat is & hirfutis foliis, Madder with a double and rough Seed, and with broad and hairy Leaves, of Boc- cone. Rarior. Plant. 10. Mountain Crofs-wort, thin-leaved, and fmooth, Cruciata Alpina, tenuifolia, Uvis. Crofs-wort of the Pyrenees , round-leaved, and hairy, Cruciata Pyrenacia, villofa, rotun- difolia. Smooth, broad-leaved, Crofs-wort of Portugal, with a white Flower, Cruciata Lufitanica, latifolia, glabra, flore albo : This is the Cruciata minor , glabra , flore molluginis albo , or the leffer, finooth Crofs-wort, with a white Flower, like that of the Mollugo or Lady’s Bed draw, o £ Barrelier. Icon. White, Marlli Crofs-wort, Cruciata palu- ftris , alba: This is th z Galium paluftre, al¬ bum, or white, Marfh Cheefe-runnet, of C. B. 335. and the Galium album , or white Lady’s Beddraw of Tabernemontanus. Icon. I 5 I - The fmalleft Crofs-wort, Cruciata minima. Shrub Crofs-wort of Candy, with a white Flower, Cruciata Cretica, fruticofa, flore albo: This is the Galium montanum alterum, ano¬ ther Mountain Lady’s Beddraw, of Profper Alpinus. Exot. 293. Upright, broad-leaved, and finooth, oriental Crofs-wort, Cruciata orientals, la¬ tifolia, eretta, glabra. Oriental Crofs-wort, with broad and fomewhat hairy Leaves, and a purplifh Flower, Cruciata orientals, latifolia , foliis fubhirfutis, flore purpurafeente. Oriental Crofs-wort, with broad and fomewhat hairy Leaves, and a bluifh Flow¬ er, Cruciata orientalis, latifolia, foliis fubhtr - futis, flore fubcaruleo. Oriental Crofs-wort, fmooth, and ha¬ ving its Stalks fpread upon the Ground, Cruciata orient alis, glabra, humifufa. It is the fird Species which is commonly ufed; it is drying and adringent; and is edeemed an excellent Vulnerary, either ta¬ ken inwardly, or externally applied- the DecoCiion of this Herb in Wine is recom¬ mended as a certain Cure for a Rupture, if the Dileafe has not been of a long danding; Camerarim fays it likewife procures the Ex¬ pectoration of vifeid or clammy Humours lodged in the Cheft. T // £ I 12 ^ ^ y ■'f 4^4' ^ 4 4 4 4 4 4 s 4' 4" 4 44" 4 4" 44 4 4" 4 4 4"4 4 4 4" 4" 4 444 4 4 44 4 4 4 4 4 444 4“4444 4 44 TH E COMPL EAT The Second CLASS. Containing Herbs mnd 'Vnder-fhrubs , that have a Flower of one [ingle Leaf in Form imitating the Shape of a Funnel , i or a Wheel. A Flower of one Tingle Leaf, To fhaped as to reprefent a Fun¬ nel, is what we call Flos Infnn- dibuliformis , or a Funnel-fhaped Flower: Of this Flower there are two Spe¬ cies ; the Mouth, Brim, or upper Part of the one reprefents an inverted Cone, the other a Disk, or lhetches out into a plain flat Surface ; both terminate in a Tube or hollow Pipe: The firfl is what is properly called the Funnel-fhaped Flower; the fe- cond, as it fpreads its upper Part into a flat Surface, bearing the Refemblance of a Salver, is from thence called Hypocrateriformis . The Wheel Flower conflfts but of one Angle Leaf, and from the Difpofltion of its Seg¬ ments, which imitates the Shape of a Wheel, had its Name. SECT. The Comp teat Herbal. i »3 SECT. I. Of Herbs, with a Flower of one fingle Leaf fhaped like a Funnel, whofe Pointal changes into a Fruit. TABLE XXIX. Fig. 4. GENUS l. Quamoclit, TS a Plant with a Flower of one fingle Leaf A, fhaped like a Funnel, and di¬ vided into feveral Segments; from the Flower-Cup D the Pointal C rifes, which is fixed like a Nail in the bottom Part of the Flower B, and afterwards converted into a roundifh Fruit E, enclofing Seeds for the moft Part of an oblong Figure F G. Its Species are, Quamoclit with Leaves finely infected, and winged, Quamoclit foliis temitter incifis , & pennatis : This is the Convolvulus pennatus, txoticus , Quamoclit , the exotick, winged Bindweed, or the Quamoclit of Column a. Part. I. LXXIII. and the Quamoclit of J. B. 2.177. This Plant rifes at fir ft with two oblong brcadifh Leaves conjoined, refembling the Fruit of the Maple, which remain long without fading, even after the Plant begins to wind it lelf round its Prop; the other Leaves (hoot from the purplifti viny Stalks in an alternate Order; they are winged, fine¬ ly cut and divided, and of a dark green Colour, but the young Leaves are yellow- ifh or pale-coloured, "having at firft but few Wings or Divifions, afterwards they are fplit into feveral, to the Number of thirteen, with one at the Top; the firft Divifions are ufually forked: The Flowers are of a moft elegant and beautiful Red, Shooting alternately from the Joints of the viny Stalks, fometimes fingly, fometimes two together, ftanding upon long Foot- (talks, divided at the Top into five Segments, and collefled into folds or Plaits, with five yellowifh Threads and Chives within ; they are fucceeded by an oblong pointed Fruit ftanding in a fcaly Cup, wkh a tough Bark or Skin, like the other Bind¬ weeds, which enclofes four oblong, black, and hard Seeds: The Tafte of the Herb it felf is fweetifti, and moderately nitrous; but the Seed-Veffel taftes hot like Pepper, as does the Seed, which almoft equally fires and enflames the Throat and Mouth ; The whole Plant fwells with a thin, pale, milky Juice; it is of a very tender and de¬ licate Nature, and muft be ftayed and propped in its Growth; it very feldom ar¬ rives to any Perfedtion in our Climate, ex¬ cept in hot Years, and by artificial Helps: The Curious, for its exquifite Beauty, cul¬ tivate it in Pots in their Gardens: The Seed fbvvn in the beginning of the Spring grows up in June; it flowers in the end of Au- gafi, and ripens its Seed towards the end of September : It is brought to us from Ame¬ rica , where it grows naturally. Cafalpinus was the firft who gave us a (hort Defcription of the Quamoclit, (the Name which the Indians give to this Plant) under the Title of Gelfimini rubri alterius ; after him Camerarias, in Horto Medico 9 gave the Figure amd Defcription of it under the Name of Quamoclit; next to him Columnar more accurate and exact both in the Figure and Defcription: Then J.Bauhin , under the Title of Qyamoclit, Jobnfon the Ccr- redior of Gerard , by the Name of Quamc- clit five Convovulus pennatus, and Parkinjon under the Title of Convolvulus tenuifoliw , five pennatus Americana. r, the red Bellflower of America; not to mention others, de- icribed it. Q Leaves 114 The Comply at Herbal. Leaves are called winged by the Bota¬ nies from their Situation, when they are placed exadtly in Oppofition, and folium pennatum or a winged Leaf, is a Leaf com- pofed of feveral partial Leaves, two always in oppofition upon each Side of the middle Rib. American Quamoclit, with Leaves focut as to carry the llefemblance of a fpread Hand, and a Flower of a Crirafon Red, Quamoclit Americana, folio digit at 0, flore coc- cineo; Plumier. American Quamoclit, with Leaves cut into (even Parts, and crimfon-coloured Flowers growing in tufts, in their Difpofi- tion refembling a Parafol, Quamoclit Ame¬ ricana, heptaphyllos , flore coccineo , umbellate. Plumier. American Quamoclit, with very large Leaves, fhaped like a Heart, Quamoclit A- mericana, foliis ampliffmis cordiformibus. Plu¬ mier. American Quamoclit, with very large cornered Leaves, Quamoclit Americana, fo¬ liis ampliffimis, angulatis: This is the Con¬ volvulus coccinepts, foliis angulofis, Crimfon Bindweed, with angular Leaves of Plu¬ mier. cm. Its viny Stalks are very Bender, round, and afh-coloured; the young Leaves are fhaped like a Heart, with fome juttings about their Edges, which render them an¬ gular ; they are fmooth, of a beautiful Green, firetching four or five Fingers in length, and ftand upon pretty long Foot- Balks ; from their Bofoms a little Twig or another Footfialk (boots, long, (lender, and branched or divided into others much (hotter and fmalier, luftaining Flowers of a lhining purple or crimfon Colour, each whereof is as it were a hollow Tube, an Inch and a half long, thick as a Goofe- Quill, but fome what fmalier towards the End ; this Tube or Pipe dilates it felf after the manner of a little Funnel, about ten Lines in Diameter, cut round the Brim in- four round Segments ; from the Bottom of the Tube fome very (lender Filaments rife, of a white Colour, gently tin&ured with Red : The (eminal Veftels are round, about the Bignefs of the greater Chiches, and open into four Parts or Cells, each whereof con¬ tains one blackifh Seed, as big ahnoft as a bitter Vetch; it is found in feveral Parts of the I fie of St. Dominique. American Quamoclit, with a tripartite Ivy-Leaf, Quamoclit Americana, haderafolio, trifido. Plumier. American Quamoclit, with a Leaf like that of the Night-fhade, and a Role- flower, Quamoclit Americana, folani folio, flore rofeo. Plumier. The fmalleft Marfh Quamoclit, having its Stalks fpread upon the Ground, and a Leaf like that of the Rupture-wort, Qua¬ moclit minima , humifufa, palujlris, hermari folio; the Anthyllis of Profper Alpinus.. Exot. 157. which is therefore to be exclud¬ ed from the Species of the Alfine or Chick* weed, among which our Author fir ft rank¬ ed it. The Quamoclit differs from the Convol¬ vulus or Bindweed, in the form of its Flower only. It has no medicinal Vertues afcribed to it. I TABLE XXX. GENUS IL Menianthes, Marfh Trefoil, or Buck? beans, a Plant, with a Flower of one fingle Leaf A, in the Shape of a Funnel, and cut into feveral Segments; from the Flow¬ er-Cup C the Pointal D (hoots, which is fixed like a Nail in the bottom Part B of the Flower, and is afterwards changed into a Fruit or Shell E, for the moft Part of an oblong Figure, opening into two Parts or bivalve G H, and endofing roundifh Seeds Its Species are, Marfh Menianthes , with broad Leaves (landing three together, Menianthes palu- fire, lattfolium , triphyllum : This is the Tri- folium paluflre majus, rotundiore folio, the greater Marfh Trefoil, with a rounder Leaf of C. B. Pin . 327. and the Trifolium mafus of Tabernemontanus. Icon . S 20 * The I < '' h'- “5 . \ # Nico tian. a,. -“• / - jtcr/sacctf . The Compleat Herbal. 115 The Root is long, white, full of Joints, and fattens it felf firmly in the Earth, by the help of feveral Fibres which it emits; the FootftaIks, which (hoot immediately from the Root, are about a Span in length, broader in their lower Parts like a Sheath, and fupport three large Leaves, fmooth, and in form and bignels like Bean-leaves; from among thefe the Stalk rifes, two Foot in height, fmooth, {lender, green, bearing a Cone or Spike of beautiful Flowers, from a white inclining to a purpliflh Colour; which, before they are blown, are of a red- d,ith Colour without; when difdofed, they ftretch into five (harp-pointed Seg¬ ments, having their internal Surface cover¬ ed with a Frieze or Nap of very (lender and white curled Filaments; each Flower con¬ tains five white Threads with yellow Chives, encomparing a ihort and green Pointal, which changes into a roundifh Button or Fruit, enclofing Seeds like thofe of the Dwarf-Sun-Flower, from a brown inclining to a yellowifh Colour; it grows in Plenty in marfhy and fenny Grounds; and flowers in May and June . Narrow-leaved Marfh Trefoil, or Me - nianthes , Menianthcs paluftre, angujlijolmm y & trip by llum: This is the Trijolium palu/Ire minus , acutiore folio, the fmailer Marlh Tre¬ foil, with a (harper-pointed Leaf of C. B. Tin. 327. and the Trijolium fibrinum y or Beavers Trefoil o £ Tabernemontanw. Icon.^21. Meniantbes of America , with a Leaf like that of the Water-Lilly, and a white Flow¬ er, Meniantbes Americanum , Nymphaa folio , Jlore albo. Plumier. The Martti Trefoil chymically analyzed yields a concrete volatile Salt, a large Quantity of Oil, and no inconfiderable Portion of Earth; it contains a Salt-Armo- niac involved in Sulphur, and terreflrial Parts; fo that ’tis very proper in the Scur¬ vy, Gout, Cachexy and Dropfy. Tournejort Hi ft. dcs Plantes , &c. It is of remarkable Efficacy in conquer¬ ing goutifh Dittempers, hitherto concealed from the inquifitive Induttry of all Bota- nifts, but confirmed by the happy Expe¬ rience of feveral fo affe#ed in PruJ]ia\ they make a Deco&ion of the Leaves in Ale, and drink a Gla(s thereof every four Hours during the Paroxylm, from whence they find great Relief: The Deco&ion has both a very difagreeable Smell and Tafte; but the Plant may be rendered more plea-, fant if prepared into a Spirit, liquid Ex¬ tra#, or Syrup. Ray . Dr. Robinfon , who enriched Mr. Rays Hifiory with many curious Obfervations, recommends this Plant as Angularly ufeful in hydropic Cafe; and fays, he has fre¬ quently obferved fcabby and confumptive Sheep, when forced or driven into Murtties abounding with this Herb, rettoreafeto per¬ fect Health by eating thereof; and that the Germans and other northern Nations fo highly efleem it, that in all defperate Dif- eales they have recourfe to it as to a Pana¬ cea or univerfal Remedy. TABLE XXXI. • GENUS III. Nicotiana, Tobacco , a Plant, with a Flower of one Angle Leaf A B, in the Shape of a Funnel, and divided into feveral Segments; from the Flower Cup C the Pointal D rife, which is fixed like a Nail in the bottom Part of the Flower, and is afterwards transformed into a membranous Fruit E, of an oblong or rounditti Figure, divided into two Cells F F by an intervening Partition G, which inclofe feveral Seeds I, affixed to the Pla¬ centa or nutritive Membrane H. Its Species are, The greater broad-leaved Tobacco, Nico¬ tiana major , latifolia. C. S. Pin. 169. This is the Nicotiana major , five Tabacum majus of J. B. 3. 629. The Hyofcyamus Peruvianus , or the Henbane of Peru of Dodoneus . Pempt . 452. This Species bears a Stalk or Stem, five, fix, yea fometimes feven or eight Foot high, thick as a Mans Thumb, round, hairy, and full of a whitifh Pith; the Leaves are large, greater than thofe of the Elecampane or Battard Monks Rhubarb, join the Stalk without any intervening Footftalks, embracing, and as it were en- Q 2 comps ffing ii 6 The Compleat Herbal. comparing it with broad Labels or Pro- ceffes; they are placed in an alternate Or¬ der, and have feveral thick Nerves which run tranfverfly and winding from the mid¬ dle Rib; if chewed they tin&ure the Spit¬ tle yellow* 4 Both the Stalk and Leaves in¬ cline from a grafly to a pale yellow Co¬ lour, and feel glutinous to the Touch; the Top of the Stalk is divided into feveral Sprigs, each whereof fu(lains Flowers of a purplifh Colour, (haped like a Funnel, and euPinto five Segments; within are contained the Threads and the Pointal, with their Chives, which are covered with a fine and fmall greyifti Du ft ; the Bottom of the Flower is encompafled by a little Membrane or Bladder divided into five Jaggs: The Pointal, as the Flowers decay, changes into an oblong or conical husky Fruit, partitioned into two Cells, contain¬ ing great Plenty of fmall reddifh Seeds: The Root is white and fibrous, and of a very fharp biting Tafte; the Leaves are of a fharp and burning Tafte: It grows natu¬ rally in America , but the belt Sort of it is brought from Virginia, Cuba, Brafil, and Lome of the American Iflands, especially thofe called Antilles; it is alfo planted in feveral Parts of Europe, but efpecially in fat, wet, and plafhy Grounds, luch as is frequent in Germany, Hanover, and Strats- hurgh; as alfo hi Narbon of France, Guienne, and in the Low Countreys; in our Gardens it fometimes outlives the Winter. The greater narrow-leaved Tobacco, Ni¬ cotian a major, anguftifolia. C. B. Pin. 169. Nicotiana five Tabacum folio angufiiore , nar¬ row-leaved Tobacco. J . B. 5.630. Hyofeya- mi PeruViani altera Icon , another Species or Figure of the Henbane of Peru. Dodon. Pempt. 452. Moft Botanifts,, fays Mr. Ray, pretend that this Species is fmaller in all its Parts than the preceding broad-leaved Sort; but that Which I nurled in my Garden from the Seed which was fent me from Paris, equalled, if not exceeded, the firft in height; nor did. the Flowers or Fruit appear fmaller 10 me; but the. Difference of the Leaves is remarkable, for they don’t join and em¬ brace the Stalk by broad Procefles, without -rtnermediate Pootftalks, but hang upon pretty long Footftalks, and are narrower and more pointed : The Flowers are faid to be of a deeper Colour, which we did not obferve ; in other refpe£ta it agrees, fo that there is no need of a more particular De- feription* The great Tobacco, with a round and broad Leaf, Nicotiana major, lato & rotunda folio. H. Lugd. Bat. This is the Pycielt feu Tabacum of Hernandez 173. The fmaller Tobacco, Nicotiana minor . G B. Pin . 170. Priapeia quibufdam. Nico¬ tiana minor. J. B. 3. 630. Dubius Hyofcya- mus luteolus, folanifolm, a doubtful yellovr Henbane, with Night-fhade Leaves. Lobel. Icon. 2 69. It riles with a fingfe Stalk, two or three Foot in height,round,hairy, folid, branch¬ ed, about the thicknefs of a Finger when it meets with a fat Soil, and glutinous to the Touch: The Leaves are dilpofed in an alternate Order, upon fhort Footftalks fat, and of a dark Green, not indented* bluntly pointed, and not much different in Form from thole of the deadly Night-(hade, but fmaller: The Flowers ftand ieveral to¬ gether at the Tops of the Stalk and Bran¬ ches upon fhort Footftalks ; they are of a graffy or greenilb-yellow Colour, having their Brims bending outwards, and cut in¬ to five Segments; within lie concealed five Threads or Stamina, with a Pointal and Chives of an a(h Colour: The Flower ftands in a hairy Cup, clammy to the Touch, and cut into five Parts: The Fruit, Mr. Ray fays, reprefents the Nut of a Man’s Yard when ftripp'd of the Prepuce, and con¬ tains great Plenty of a fmall Seed, of a fordid yellow Colour, lharp to the Tafte, according to J . Bauhin : It is an annual Plant, reviving from its fcattered Seed; and originally from America ; it is deferib- ed by Parkinjon and Gerard, under the Title of Hyofcyamus lutett yellow Henbane or Englifh Tobacco. Thorny, Tree Tobacco, with a pale-co¬ loured Flower, Nicotiana arborefeens, fpino- fijjfima, fiore exalbido, Plumier. This Plant had the Name of Nicotiana, from John Nicot of Nemours, Ambaffador from the French King to the Court of Por¬ tugal, who firft fent'the Seed of the com¬ mon Hyogcyamus. 'Ia£. 3 a pad'll 7 The Ccmpleat Herbal. 11 mon Tobacco, or firfl Species, into France , brought from Florida by a certain Dutch¬ man. As to the medicinal Virtues of this Plant; it is endowed with a cleanfing, atte¬ nuating and diflolving Faculty, is fome- what aftringent, and refifts putrefadtion; fo that it is much recommended for the Cure of Phagedenic Ulcers, both in Man andBeaft; for which end Ointments and Balfams are prepared from it, or the crude Juice ufed ; the common Ointment of To¬ bacco is fuccefsfully uled in an inveterate Scab or Itch, for the Cure of Tetters, ulce¬ rated fcrophulous Tumours, old handing Ulcers, yea, and of frelh Wounds. None are ignorant that it is a good Ster¬ nutatory or Sneezing Medicine; chewed, it brings away abundance of Phlegm, up¬ on which account it avails not a little in the Tooth-ach, fleepy Diftempers, and a Catarrh or Defluxion of Rheum from the Head: Chefnau , from his own Experience, recommends Tobacco well calcined in a Crucible, and put into the hollow Tooth, as a prefent and infallible Remedy againfl the Tooth-ach. The ufe of it in the Time of a Plague, is efteemed an excellent Prefervative from the fnfedlion, this the Experience of many in London confirms; for all the Places where Tobacco was fold, barred all Entrance there to the fpreading Contagion. It purges with great Violence both up¬ wards and downwards, in an Apoplexy, Lethargy, Palfy, Suffocations of the Womb, '&c. but ought to be adminiflred internal¬ ly with much caution; Schroder fays, that both the Syrup and Water prepared from it, are greatly beneficial in Fevers, in an Aflhma, and in Obftru&ions of the Lungs. Upon a chyroical Analyfls it yields a large Quantity of acid Phlegm, Oil and Earth, as alfo a moderate Quantity of uri¬ nous Spirit, and volatile Salt: The Infu- fion of the green Leaves of Tobacco renders the blue Paper of a more lively Colour, wherefore its Virtues feem to depend upon a Salt-Armoniac, embarrafled with a co¬ pious Quantity of grofs Sulphur. The green Leaves are balfamick and vul¬ nerary; and being dried,, they are emetic and catharticL The firfl Author who wrote of this Plant was Charles Stephanas, in his fecond Bock of Agriculture, pag. 79. printed at Turin in Italian, Ann. 1583. A little Time afterwards, in the Year 1587, Fverartus publifhed a finall Treatife at Antwerp de Panacea , another Name given to this Plant 5 long before him, in the Year 1*573, accord¬ ing to the Teftimony of Cluftus, Nicholas Monardes wrote upon it from the Relations of thole who came from Braftl $ the Brafi- lians call it Petum or Patum; and many others have wrote largely of it, as Magne¬ tites, Neander , Thorites , Scriverites , &c. yea, our great Monarch, King James the Firfl, employed his Pen upon this Subjetfl, and has left us a particular Treatife of the Ufes and Abufes of Tobacco, as has alfo Simon Paulli ; lo that thofe whofe Curiofity leads them to have a more particular Informa¬ tion, may confult the above mentioned Authors. Sir Walter Raleigh is Paid to be the firfl who introduced the fmoaking of Tobacco into this Ifland, upon his Return from A- merica. TABLE XXXII. GENUS IV. Hyofcyamus, Henbane, IS the Genus of a Plant with a Flower Aj A of one Tingle Leaf, (haped like a Fun¬ nel, and divided into fevcral Segments; from the Flower-Cup C the Pointal D fhoots, which is fixed like a Nail in the bottom Part of the Flower B, and after the Flower is decayed, changes into a Fruit F, concealed within the Flower-Cup E, re- fembiing a Pot, with a Lid or Cover HK, , and by an intermediate Partition I, to * which feveral Seeds adhere L, is divided in¬ to two feminal Cells G Gi¬ lts Species are, Common black Henbane, Hyofcyamus vulgaris , vel niger. C. B . Pin. i6 V w \ V The Compleat Herbal. 127 like a Nail in the bottom Part of the Flow¬ er B, and is afterwards changed into a round Fruit E, partly wrapped up within the Flower-Cup C, gaping or opening at the Top F, and containing many Seeds H, which adhere to the Placenta G. Its Species are, Bears-Ear with a yellow Flower, Auricu¬ la Urfi flore luteo , J. B . 3. 499. Auricu¬ la Urfi lutea. H. L. Bat. Sanicula Alpina , lute a, C B. or yellow Mountain Sanicle, according to Cafpar Bautin, Pin. 242. the Alifma or Damafonium of Diofcorides, accord¬ ing to Columna . Phytob. 18. The Leaves of this Sort nearly refemble thofe of the Primrofe, yet they are not wrinkled, but thick, like thofe of the fa- baria or Orpine , and are either mealy, and altogether hoary, or only gently greyiAi, fometimes entirely green and finooth : Again, they are all either toothed round the Edges like a Saw, or not in the lead indented ; fometimes the young Leaves only are toothed, the old ones not at all; all of them are of a bitter Talie: From among thefe Leaves, or from their Sides, little Bender Stalks rife, about a Span in length, naked, and as it were mealy, which fudain a tuft of ten, twenty, thirty,.^pr/nore Flowers, (efpecialiy if it is cultivated in Gardens, where it is of a mod luxuriant Growth) which lhoot all as it were from the fame Head, and dand in fhort Cups, and upon fmall Footdalks feparated and didinguifhed as it were from one another by little hoary Scales • they refemble thole of the Primrofe, are divided into five or fix Segments, and breath a mod fyveet and pleafant Odour ; their Colour is either yel¬ low or pale, fome are larger, others lefler, but all of them have a white Circle encom- pafling their Centre, and a Pointal, which fometimes dretches out beyond the Stamina , fometimes is not apparent; this, as the Flower fades, changes into a round Fruit, which enclofes a brownidi Seed; The Root is thick, and furnifhed with many white and oblong Fibres: It grows naturally up¬ on the Mountains Sniberg , Nuberg , Etfcher , and upon the Alps in the Neighbourhood ©f Aujlria and Stiria. Mr. Ray is of Opinion, that the Auricula Urfi 7. of Cluf. or the feventh Bears-Ear of Clufius , in his Cura, pofieriores , differs no¬ thing from this Species. Bears-Ear with a purple Flower, Auricu¬ la Urfi , flore purpureo, Lob. Icon. 570. This is the Sanicula Alpina, purpurea. C. B. or purple, Mountain Saniclc, according to Cafpar Bautin. Pin. 242. and the Auricula Urfi , five primula veris Alpina, flore rubente . J. B. Bears-Ear, or Mountain Primrofe with a red Flower, according to John Bau¬ tin 3 . App. $6 7 . The Leaves of this Species are fhorter than thofe of the preceding, broader for the mod Part at the Extremity, at fir ft as it were round, but in progrefs of Time they turn narrow towards the Root; they are thick, but lefs indented than thofe of the fird deferibed, above of a green Colour and fmooth, underneath from a green they in¬ cline to a pale Colour; from among them, or from their Sides, rile naked Stalks, two Inches long, or more, which fudain eight or more Flowers, collected into a Tuft or Umbel, as in the preceding, and in form refembling them, but larger; of a lliining red Colour, fomewhat darker however at fird, as if tin&ured or dyed with the Juice of Mulberries, but afterwards they change to a fliining red Purple; within, round their Centre, of a pale or whitifh Colour, of a fweet Smell, but not fo drongly per¬ fumed as thofe of the fird; the Fruit which fucceeds the Flower is Ana Her than that of the former, and enclofes fmall black Seeds: It grows naturally upon the Alps. The third Bears-Far of Clufiw, the Bears- Ear of John Bautin , with a red Flower,' fpotted white, and Leaves fomewhat hairy, and the Mountain Sanicle with a party- coloured Flower, fmaller and tenderer Leaves, lefs thick, fomewhat hairy, and a red Flower marked with whitifli Spots, of Cafpar Bautin , differs in Mr. Rays Opinion from this lad deferibed Sort, but not fpe- cifically. Bears-Ear with a large, Angle, velvet Flower, of a dark purple Colour, and a ve¬ ry large embofled Centre, Auricula Urfi, flore magno , atropurpureo , holoferico , ftmplici, urn- bone candido 9 amplijfimo. H. Lugd, Bat. Bears- 12 ? The Compleat Herbal. Bears-Ear with a large undulated or waved Flower, of an obfolete or worn out incarnate Colour, and a large pale embof- /ed Centre, Auricula, Ur ft, flore magno , undu- lato , obfolete incar nato, umbone pallido, am - plijflmo. H. Lugd. Bat. Bears Ear, with a large undulated Flow¬ er, of various Colours, and a very large embofled Centre of a yellowifh Colour, Auricula Urfi 9 flore magno , undulato , co/ore t/4r/0, umbone amplijflmo, fiavefcsnte. H. L. Bat. Bears-Ear with three Bofles in its Centre, of various Colours, Auricula Urfi , umbone triplici, vario. H. L. Bat . Bears-Ear with a large, beamed or ra¬ diated, Bofs, of a gold Colour, Auricula Urfi , umbone amplijflmo , radiato , /■£ . Z/» Bears-Ear with a large Barry Bofs, of a gold Colour, Auricula Urfi , umbone amplif- fimo y ftellato , H. L. Bat. White Bears-Ear, Auricula Urfi alba . 3. y 4 pp. 868. This is the Sanicula Al¬ pha, alba, foliis crenatis , C. 2?. or white Mountain Sanicle, with Leaves not notch¬ ed, according to C*/p4r Bauhin. Ph*. 243. The fixtb Bears-Ear of Clufius. Hifi 304. Bears-Ear with a great blackifh Flower, of the Colour of ruBy Iron, Auricula Urfi , flore nigricante, ferrugineo, majore: Sanicula Alpina , flore nigricante , ferrugineo , majore. Bears-Ear with thick and party-coloured Leaves, and the largeB Flower, Auricula , Ur//, denfis & variegatis foliis , flore maximo : Sanicula Alpina denfis & variegatis foliis, flore maximo. H. Reg. Parif. Bears-Ear with a party-coloured or mar¬ bled Flower, Auricula Urfi , flore variegato : Sanicula Alpina flore variegato. C. B. or Mountain Sanicle, with a party-coloured Flower, according to Cafpar Bauhin. Pin . 242. Auricula Urfi , flore rubro , maculis exal- bidis , foliis fubhirfutis. J.B. or Bears-Ear - with a red Flower, marked with whitilh Spots, and Leaves fomewhat hairy, accord¬ ing to y. Bauhin 3. - 4 pp. 868. Auricula Ur - fiy floribw guttatis Tabern. or Bears-Ear, with fpotted Flowers, according to Taber nemo n- tanus. Icon . 324. Bears-Ear with round Leaves, Auricula Urfi, foliis rotundas: The Sanicula Alpha foliis 4 rotundis. C. B. or Mountain Sanicle, With round Leaves of C*/p4r />/#. 242. The Auricula Urfi , orbiculata, ferrata , co/om rubicundi. J. B. or Bears-Ear, with orbicu¬ lar, indented Leaves, and Flowers of a reddilh Colour, of John Bauhin 3. Aft. Narrow - leaved, Mountain Bears-Ear Auricula Urfi Alpina, anguflifolia : The &*- nicula-Alpina, anguflifolia, C. B. or narrow- leaved, Mountain Sanicle of 'Cafpar Bauhin. Pin. 243. Auricula Urfi, anguflifolia , colore rubente. J. B . or the narrow-leaved Bears- Ear, with Flowers of a red Colour, of John Bauhin 3. App. 168. Auricula Urfi flore purpnreo, or purple Bears-Ear. * It has a Root fomewhat thick, garniflied with many whitilh Fibres, from whence lhoot five or fix narrow, juicy, and fat Leaves, toothed like a Saw round the Edges from the Middle to the pointed Ex¬ tremity, and of a bitter TaBe,* from among thefe a Bender Stalk riles, three Inches Jong, naked;'aftdfmooth, terminating in a little leafy Head, which fupports a Tuft of four or five Flowers, of an elegant red Colour: Clufius,- who gives this Defcrip- tion, could not obferve the Seed ,• it grows naturally upon fome of the Alps of Stiria and Carinthia; it flowers about the end pf July,hv Ren the Snows melt, is very rare, and difficultly cultivated. Bears-Ear with mealy Leaves, Auricula Urfi, foliis qua fi farina afperfis : The Sanicula Alpina, foliis qua fi farina afperfis. C. B. Moun¬ tain Sanicle with mealy Leaves, of Cafpar Bauhin, Pin . 243. The feventh Bears-Ear of Clufius. Cura pofleriores~in Pol. 30. Bears-Ear with Flowers of a blufh Co¬ lour, and Leaves not indented, Auricula Urfi carnei colons, folds minime ferratis. J.B. App. 868. The Sanicula Alpina rubefeetu , folio non ferrato. C. B Pin. 242. and the fourth Bears-Ear of Clufius. Hijt. 304. The Leaves are flefhy, Biarp-pointed, not indented ; above, fmooth, and of a Alining Colour, underneath of a pale Green, and full of Veins, not fo Biarp and bitter to the Tafle as the Leaves of the other Species: The Flowers are of a blufh Colour, their Centre is concave and napped with a hoary Down ; and the Pointai is prominent be¬ yond the Stamina 5 they Band three or four The Com pie at Fieri al. at moft together, at the Top of a little {lender Stalk, an Inch in length, feldom longer; the Seed is brown and larger than in the other Sorts: The Root is final!, of a blackilh Colour, and of a moll luxu¬ riant Growth; it grows naturally upon Sneberg , and the other Alps of Stiria. The ftnaUeft Bears-Ear, with a Flower of a blufh and fnowy Colour, Auricula Urji minima, fiorc car mo & niveo. J. B, 3. App . 8 69 . Sanicula Alpina minima, carnea & nivca. C. B. Pin. 243. The eighth Bears-Ear of Gafins . Hift. 305. The Leaves of this Sort are fcarce fo big as the Nail of a Man’s Finger, at the bot¬ tom where they join the Footftaik they are narrow, but broader towards the other Extremity and notched, of a green Colour, and full of Nerves, not fo thick as thofe of the other Species, and bitter to theTafie: From among the Leaves a little (lender Foot¬ ftalk rifes, icarce a Finger’s Breadth high, fuftaining one or two Flowers of a pale red Colour, lRooting from a fringed Flow- er-Cup; they are without Smell, and have their concave Centre covered with a white Wool or Down, but the Pointal does not appear ; it grows naturally upon feveral of the Alps. The fmallert Bears-Ear, with a Leaf hoary underneath, and full of Veins, and a Flower of a pleafant red Colour, Auri¬ cula Urfi minima , folio inferius venojo & in- cano, flore fuave- rubente. Ciafii. H. L. Bat . jagged Bears-Ear, or the Cortufa of Mat- thioius , with a red Flower, Auricula Urfi laciniata , feu Cortufa Aiattbioli, flore rubro ; The Sanicula montana , latifolia , laciniata , C. B . or Mountain Sanicle, with broad and jagged Leaves, of Cafpar Bauhin , Pin. 243. The Cortufa of J. B. 3. 499. and the Cortufa of Mattbiolus , according to Clufius . Hifi. 3 ° 7 * . This Species, in the beginning of the Spring, fnoots out many thick and fat Leaves fupported by pretty thick Foot- ftalks; at their firft rife they appear purfed and contradied into an orbicular Form, full of Nerves, and wrinkled, fwoln and curled upon their upper Side like the Ra¬ nunculus Lufitanicus , or a crumpled Cab¬ bage Leaf ; but when unfolded and expand¬ ed, they ftiow not only indented round I the Edges, but cut into fix or more Jags, altogether green, Chining above, but un¬ derneath of an overworn or obforete green Colour, hot to the Tafte: From among thefe Leaves rifes a ftrong, upright, naked Stalk, fix Inches long, of a purplifh Co¬ lour, fuftaining at the Top a tuft of final! hollow Flowers, eight, nine, or more in Number, bending downwards like little Bells, of an elegant deep red Colour, in¬ clining to a purple, having their Bottoms encircled with a white Ring, and five yel¬ low Stamina or Threads, which Icarce rife above the Bottom, furrounding an oblong middle Pointal; they emit an agreeable Odour like the red Bears-Ear: The Fruit into which the Pointal changes, contains a (mall brown Seed : The Root is fibrous and thready, and the whole Plant is covered as. it were with a rough Wool or Down ; it grows naturally upon the HIvetian Alps. Jagged Bears-Ear, or the Cortufa of Mat¬ tbiolus, with a violet coloured Flower, Au¬ ricula Urfi laciniata, fu Cortufa Mat thioli, flore violaceo : Sanicula montana, latifolia , la¬ ciniata, floribus violaceis, C. B. Mountain, Sanicle with broad and jagged Leaves, and Flowers of a violet Colour, of Cafpar Ban- bin, Pin. 243. Jagged Bears-Ear, or the Cortufa of Mat¬ tbiolus, with a white Flower, Auricula Urfi laciniata, feu Cortufa M.attbioli, flore albo: Sa¬ nicula montana , latifolia , laciniata, floribus albis, C. B. Mountain Sanicle with broad and jagged Leaves, and white Flowers, of Cafpar Bauhin, Pin . 243. Bears-Ear with a large double Flower of a yellow Colour, Auricula Urfi, flore magno, pie no, flavo. H. L. Bat. Bears-Ear with a large double Flower of a white Colour, Auricula Urfi , flore magno, pleno, albo. H. L. Bat. Bears-Ear with a large double Flower of a purple Colour, Auricula Urfi , flore magno, pleno , purpureo. H. L. Bat . Bears-Ear with a large double Velvet Flower, of a dark red Colour, Auricula Urfi, flore magno, pleno , atropuniceo , holojerico. H. L. Bat. Bears-Ear with a large double Flower, of a crimlon Colour, Auricula Urfi, flore magno, pleno, coccimo. H. L. Bat . S Bears- J£o The Commie at Herbal. Bears-Ear with a large double Flower, party-coloured, with a gold, white, and red intermixed, Auricula Vr/i, fare magno , plerto , ex aureo , albo , CP puniceo variegato. H. L. Bat. Mountain Bears Ear, with a graffy Leaf, and a yellow Jeff'imin Flower, Auricula Urfa Alpina, gramimo folio, J of mini lutd fare . It were tedious to fubjoin fpccifkal De- fcriptions to all the Varieties of th eAuricula, they differing moffly in the Leaf and Co¬ lour of the Flower, fufhciently exprefikl by the feveral Titles. All the Species of th e Auricula or Bears- Ear are eafily diffinguifhed before they are in Flower, Iry their thick,. com pad, and fmooth. Leaves, which are finaller than thole of the Primrofe, terminating,' for the moft' Part, from a roundifh Figure into a Point.. They are of little, or , rather no ufe in Phyfickv. TA B LE XXXVII. F& u GENUS VIII. Gentaurium minus, ihelejjer Centaury, "IS a Plant with a Flower of one. fmgle ~ Leaf A, fhaped like a Funnel, and cut into feveral Segments; from its Flower- Cup’ B the Pointal C rife?, which pierces the bottom Part of the Flower, and after¬ wards changes into a Fruit D, ahnoit of a cylindrical or oval Shape, opening into two Parts EE, and divided into two feminal Cells F, Jlore&.with many fmall Seeds G. Its Species are,- The leffer Centaury of Cafpar Bauhin , Pfr. 278. and.of Dodoneus, Pempt. 336. which is the Centaur him minus fare purpureo , J . B. The leffer Centaury , with a purple Flower of John Bauhin 3. 353., s It .has-a fmall, white, lignous, andfi- breus Root, which darts obliquely into,the. Earth, and is without Juice, and infipid ; it fends up but one Stalk for the moft Part; about a Span or a Foot in. length, .corner* ed, fmooth, and firm : Of the Leaves fome- lie fpread upon the Ground, others grow upon the Stalk in Pairs, difpofed oppofite- ly ; they refemblc thole of St. John s- wort,, but are.larger, fmooth, and of a pale green . Colour, having three remarkable Nerve? „ J which ar^moff confpicuous upon the back- fide, and run lengthways : fhe Flowers grow upon the. Tops of the Brandies in¬ tufts, they. are fmgle-leaved, fhaped like a Funnel, divided into five Segments, and of a plealant red Colour; the Cup confiffs of five narrow, fharp pointed Leaves: The. Stamina or Threads are yellow, and the Pointal changes into a Fruit half an Inch* in length, of a long and round Shape,, membranous, and divided into two leini- nal Cells, which contain many minute Seeds 5 , like Grains of Sand : K flowers in June, grows plentifully in dry l afiu- rages; it- refufes all culture; both its Leaves and Flowers are cxcdTively bitter to the Ta.%; it is called by the Greeks Kg;-- - Tao/f«^./*uBp«i»-and by Pliny , became Gf its intenfe Bitterneis; Fd Terr indented round the Edges, fmooth upon the upper Side and hairy underneath, with many hairy Nerves running along, from a narrow Ori- gine gradually widening, and have ho Foot- jtilks, that may be properly fo called: From among the Leaves the Flowers rife upon {lender Footftalks, round, without Leaves, and hairy, of a gentle purple Co¬ lour towards the Root, half an Hand- breadth, or a Hand-breadth in length * each Footfta’lk bears one Flower ifluingout of oblong and pentagonal Flower-Cups, vvhofe Angles are hairy, and their Brim di¬ vided into five fharp Segments: The Flow¬ ers are monopetalous, ‘large, from a faint yellow inclining to a palifti Colour, and are cut into five Segments {Raped like a Heart, the Bottoms whereof are yellow; within, in the middle, the yellow Stamina are lodged, with a grafly Pointal: The Flower is of a ftrcng Smell, but not dif- agreeable : The Seed-Veflel lies hid within the Flower-Cup; it grows commonly in Woods near to Hedges, and in thorny Brakes or Grounds that are full of Bufhes and Brambles. Primrofe with a white Flower, Primula veris flore albo. Parkinfon. Parad. 242. Pri¬ mula veris alia, flore albo . J.B. 3. 497. Primrofe with a fingle green Flower, Primula veris flore viridi , fimplici. Park. Par. 242. Primrofe with a double green Flower, Primula veris flore viridi, duplici. Park. Pa - radif. 242. Primrofe with a fingle Flower, of a greenifh and white Colour, Primula veris , flore viridante & albo, fimplici. Park. Par. 242. Hesketti s Primrofe, Primula veris Hesketi , flore multiplies , feparatim divifo. Park. Par. 244. _ This was fir ft difeovered growing wild in a Wood in Torkjbire, by Mr. Thomas Hesketh, whofe Name it bears ,* it has Leaves and Roots like the wild Field Prim¬ rofe ; it brings forth among the Leaves a naked Stalk, of a greyifh or overworn greenifh Colour, at the Top whereof grows in the Winter-time one Flower only $ but in 2a/r. to ct 7 *$- * 3*9 Hefp eris. The Compleat Herbal. 13^ in the Summer it bears a foft ruflet Husk or Hole, wherein are contained many fmall Flowers, fometimes four or five, and often¬ times more, clofely thruft together, which make one entire Flower, appearing like one of the common double Primrofes, whereas it is one double Flower compofed of a great many fmall Tingle Flowers: This Species bears Flowers both in Summer and Winter. Primrofe with Flowers of a dark green Colour, and fringed, Primula veris floribus obfcure virentibus , fimbriatis. J. B. 3. 498. Primula fylvarum, floribus obfcure virentibw , fimbriatis. Lobel. Icon. 569. Verbafcvlum fyl- veflre minus, jingulari flore , the letter wild Petty-mullein, with one Flower. C. B. Pin. 242. Primrofe of Conftantinople , with a Flower of a pale purple Colour, Primula veris Con- ftantinopolitana , flore dilute purpureo : This is the Carchichec Turcarum, five Primula veris Conftantinopolitana, Corn. Primrofe of Con¬ ftantinople , called Carchichec by the Turks, according to Cornutus. 85. Verbafculum Con- flantinopolitanum. H R. Par. The Leaves differ nothing from thofe of the common Sort, but in their Softnels; fome white Ribs, broader in their lower- moft Parts, and (lightly coloured with red, diftinguifh the Middle of the Leaves ; their Edges are gently notch’d, and they grow up numerous and thickly fet together in a circular Difpofition from a thick, fi¬ brous, and whitifh Root,* from among the Leaves many finger-long Footftalks rife, which fupport greenifh Flower-Cups cha- nelled into fo many little Furrows, as there are to be Segments in the fucceeding Flowers, which are commonly five, each whereof reprefents the Figure of a Heart, and are of a pale purple Colour, except at the Bottoms, where they are of a bright Yellow; the Centre of the Flower fhines out with five refulgent Rays, and fhows like a Star; it keeps its Flowers altnoft throughout the whole Year : The Seed is white, like that of the white Poppy; as it is a rare Plant the Herb-Merchants ufually cut the Root into feverai Parts, to propa- ate it by that means as well as by the'Seed: uch is the lively Nature of the Flower-, that it raifes its Head above the Snows even in the middle of Winter, which is figni- fied by the Turkifh Appellation; Carchichec , importing, as *tis faid, a fnowy Flower. There are infinite Varieties of this Spe¬ cies, from the diverfified Colour of the Flower. Primrofe of Conftantinople, with a large purple Flower, Primula veris Conftantinopo - lit ana, flore majore, purpureo : Verbajculum Conftantinopolitamm, flore purpureo.-H.R. Par. Primrofe of Conftantinople with a fmaller purple Flower, Primula veris Conftantinopo - lit ana, flore minor e, purpureo: Verbafculum Turcicum five Carchichec Turcarum flore pur- pureo, ntinore. H. Edinburg. Turkifh Primrofe with a Vermilion or red Flower, Primula veris Conftantinopolita¬ na, flore miniato: Verbafculum Conftantinopo - litanum , fire miniato. H. R. Par. Turkifh Primrofe with a Flower of the Colour of rutty Iron, marked with white Spots, Primula veris Conftantinopolitana, flore ferrugineo, punftis albis notato: Vcrbafculum Conftantinopolitanum, flore jerrugineo, punclis albis notato. H. R. Par. Turkijh Primrofe with a white Flower, Primula veris Conftantinopolitana, flore albo : Verbajculum Conftantinopolitanum, flore albo. H. R. Par. Turkifh Primrofe with a Flower of a pale blufh Colour, Primula veris Con fiantinopoli¬ tana, flore dilute cameo : V?rbafculum Con¬ ftantinopolitamm, flore dilute cameo. H. R. Par. Turkifh Primrofe with a yellow Flower, Primula veris Conftantinopolitana , flore luteo : Vtrbafculum Conftantinopolitanum, flore luteo. H. R. Par. Turkifh Primrofe, with a Flower of a yellowifh Colour, Primula veris Conftanti¬ nopolitana, flore flavefeente : V*°.rbafculum Conftantinopolitanum , flore flavefeente. H. R. Par. Turkifh Primrofe with a Flower of a worn-out pale Colour, Primula veris Con¬ ftantinopolitana, flore obfolete pallido : V?rbaf- culum Conftantinopolitanum , flore obfolete palli- do. H. R. Par. Turkijh Primrofe with a Flower of a de¬ cayed or worn-out Colour, Primula veris Conftantinopolitana, flore obfoleti colons : Ver¬ ba Jculum Turcicum five Carchichec Turcarum , flore obfoleto, H. Edenburg . T 2 The i ao The Compleat Herbal. The fmalleft Priinrofe, with a Leaf like that of Lettuce, and a Root fmelling like Annife, Primula veris minima, laBuca folio, rad ice Anifum redolente . Oriental Priinrofe with a clary Leaf, Primula veris orientalis, Hormini folio. Oriental Priinrofe, of a difagreeable Smell, like that of Bugs, Primula verts ori¬ entalis, Cimices re dole ns. Oriental Priinrofe with a Lettuce Leaf, and purple Flowers growing in Umbels, Primula veris orientalis , laftuca folio, flore um- bellato , purpureo, Oriental Priinrofe with a very high Stalk, a very narrow Leaf, and purple Flowers growing in Umbels, Primula veris orienta¬ lis, caule altijfimo, folio angujliffimo, flore um- bellato, purpureo. It is called Primula veris, Priinrofe, or the firft of the Spring, becaufe moft of its Species then begin to flower ; fuch as want Flower and Seed are known and diftin- guifhed by their Leaves, which are wrink¬ led, and as it were -rough, (lender, and bear (ome Refemblance of thofe of Lettuce. The Flow ers of the firft Species chymi- cally analyzed, yield a copious Quantity of an Acid, a (mail Quantity of urinous Spi¬ rit, no concrete volatile Salt, and an indif¬ ferent Portion of Oil and E arth ; they con¬ tain a volatile, aromatic, and oily Salt. They are aperitive, and proper to re-efta- blifh the difordered Courle of the Spirits: In the Apoplexy and Pally, Tragus pre- fcribes the Conferve, or the dihilled Water of the Flowers; the Spirit has the lame Virtues for the Cure of the lame Diftem- pers: The Leaves and Root of this Plant are aperitive, and vulnerary. Toumefort . The twenty-third Species, or the Primu¬ la veris floribus ex jingularibus pediculis, pal- lidis, major thus, jtmphcibm. J. B. the V’\er- bafculum fylveflre majus, (ingulari flore of C B. Common Primroie, is hot, and dry, and fomewhat aftringent to the Tafte; it is of great Efficacy in the Cure of melan¬ cholic and pituitous Di(tempers; and An¬ gularly beneficial in a Diarrhea: It con¬ tributes too to hrengthen the Stomach and the other Plfcera. Ray. TABLE XXXVII. Fig. 2. GENUS III. Plantago, Plantain, a Plant that bears a Flower of one Angle Leaf A, fhaped like a Salver, and lor, the moft part divided into four Segments: From its Bottom rifes the Pointal C, en- compafled with Stamina or Threads B,which commonly furpafs it in length, and is af¬ terwards changed into a Fruit or Shell D, aimoft of an oval or conical Figure, which when ripe, opens into two Parts E F, the one whereof lies incumbent upon the other, and is divided by an intermediate Partition, as it w'ere, into two Cells, which inclofe oblong Seeds H, affixed to the Placenta G. Its Species are, Smooth, broad-leaved Plantain, Plantago latifolia, glabra. C. B . Pin. 189. This is the Plantago maxima, Hifpanica , the great Spa- nijh Plantain of Cornutta. 162. The Leaves which lie fpread upon the Ground, fix, feven, or eight in Number,, are finooth, flelhy, and nervous, fix Inches long, four broad, and the iuftaimng Foot- ftalks near a Hand-breadth in length, at firft of a reddifh Colour: The four or five naked Footftalks which rife from among thefe Leaves, are two Cubits in height, of a dark red Colour, round, and chanelled, and bear a Head or Spike a Foot long: The Root is blackifli and fibrous; fometimes it is found to have Leaves a Foot long,, and half a Foot broad, fomewhat torn or jagged at the Edges; and the Stalk which lupports the lpiked Head of a greater Height, wdth Leaves at the Rife or Origine of the Spike : It is found about Montpelier. Broad-leaved and crumpled Plantain, Plantago latifolia, finuata. C. B. Pin.oiSp. This is the Plantago major , folio glabro , non laciniato ut plurimum: The greater Plantain with a finooth Leaf, not jagged for the moft Part, of J. B. 3. 502. and the Plantago major of Dodo new. Pempt. 107. Common Plantain or Way-bread. The The Commie at Herbal. 141 The Leaves are broad, fometimes found jagged, and as it were indented near to the Place where they join their Footftalks, otherwife even, and without Incifures, co¬ vered with a fhort hairy Down, which at their firft fhdoting, while yet young and tender, is very conspicuous; but when they are older and more explained, fcarce appa¬ rent, fo that then they feem altogether fmooth; they have feven Ribs or Nerves running lengthways, mo lily confpicuous upon their Backfide, and they lean upon long Footftalks, in which this Species dif- fersfrom the Arnogloffnm or Lamb^-Ton’gue : It fends up feveral Stalks from the lame Root, round, hairy, fhorter than thofe of the laft named, and reflebied towards the Earth; but the fpiked Head of the Flower is much longer, the Stamm or Threads fhorter, with purple Chives; each little Flower is fucceeded by two Seeds: It grows commonly every where by the Way-fldes. Plantain with a broad Leaf, of a blood Colour, Plant ago, lato fanguineo folio. H. R. Monfp. Broad-leaved hoary Plantain, Plantago latifolia , incana. C. B. Pin. 189. Plantago major, hirfata , media d nonnullis cognominata, jf. B. 3. 504. Plantago media Dodon. Pempt. 1C7. Hoary Plantain-or Lambs-Tongue. The Root is thick, and as it were bit aid gnawed, and fallens it felf in the Ground by the Help of many Fibres which Shot from the Head: The Leaves lie flat uptn the Ground, have fhorter Footftalks that the great Plantain, and feven remark- abieNerves or Veins, no Incifures round the oiges, and are covered with a thick hoar) Lanugo or Wool: From among the Leavs rife feveral Stalks, round, hairy, nakeq not chanelled or furrowed, about a Foot □ length, and bear at their Tops a Spike wo Fingers long, compofed of Flow¬ ers clofty compacted : The Stamina are of a pale mrplilh Colour, and bear white Chives the feminal Vefl’els are fmall, of a roundn Figure, and inclofe two Seeds like the: of the Pfyllittm , but fmaller; the little Ewers are divided into four Seg¬ ments, tarp-pointed, fomewhat dry, and as.it werpriembranous: It grows common¬ ly in grilly Soils. Mr. Raj fays he cannot perceive wherein the Plantago Salmanticenfis, v ill of a, fen inca¬ na lamginofa of Cl njins, diners from this laft deferibed, except in this, as he writes, that thro’ the greatefl Part of the Year it is with¬ out Stalk and Flower. Broad-leaved hoary Plantain, bearing a white Spike, Plantago latifolia, incana , fpied alba. H.Edenburg Broad-leaved, Rofe-Plantain, with an expanded Flower, Plantago latifolia, rofea, flore expanfo. C. B. Pin. 189. Plantago rofea, flore expanfo. J. B. 3. 503. Plantago rofea. Lobel. Icon. 304. Rofe-Plantain. It is thus deferibed by Parhinfon, under the Title of Plantago Utifolia, rofea , multi¬ formis : This kind, lays he, of Rofe-Plan- tain, is of many forts, yet all of them have large and fometimes hoary green ^Leaves fpread on the Ground, either whole like the former great Plantain, or a little jagged toward the lower Part: From among tliefe rife up fhort naked Stalks, bearing each at the Top, either a broad round Head, com¬ pofed of many fmall fhort green Leaves, in the falhion of a Rofe, or a fpiked thick long Head, made of many fhorter green Leaves, bufhing thick below, and fmaller upwards ; fometimes one Plant will have both tliefe Forms together; fome again will have another fhort Spike of green Leaves rifing from the middle of the Rofe, and others at the bottom of the Rofe or Spike, will have one or*two other fmall Tufts, either round or long; one fort there is like- wife, whofe long fpiked Heads are parted into feveral fpread Heads, and therefore called Spiralis ; other varieties alfo are fometimes found in fome of this kind, as nature lifts to produce them. Broad - leaved, Rofe - Plantain , with Flowers difpoled as it were in a Spike, Plantago Utifolia, rofea , ftoribas quafi in Spica difpofitis. C. B. Pin . 189. Plantago rofea. J.B. 3 503. Plantago multiplex. Tabern. Icon 733. Broad - leaved Plantain with a fpread Spike, Plantago latifolia, fpied multiplici fpar - fX C. 6! Pm. 189. Plantago major, panicnla fpar fa. J. B. 3. 503. Plant agims majoris fpica ?mltiplex. Dodon. Pempt. 107. Belome- Plantain. Tht ia 2 The Comfleat Herbal. The only difference between this and the common broad-leaved Sort, confifls in the Form of the Spike, which in this is not clofely compared, but l'pread and divided, loaded with a numerous Increafe of little grafly Flowers, collected into Clutters: It was found by Thomas Johnfon , the Corre¬ ctor of Gerard , growing in the Ifle of Thanet. Broad - leaved, hoary Plantain, with Spikes of various Forms, Plantago latifolia , tncana, fpicis variis. C. B. Pin. 189. Plant ago peregrina, latifolia Gareti, Caret's broad- Jeaved, exotic Plantain. Cluj. Hift. CIX. The Leaves of this Sort are like thofe of the Role - Plantain defcribed above, but more hoary, as is the whole Plant: The Heads are wonderfully different in Form, for fome of them refemble thofe of the Rofe- Plantain, others are formed into a Spike, iome fhoo.t as it were a fhort Spike out of the middle of the Rofe, others again have little Heads dependent from the bottom of the Spike; and there are others other- wife fhaped'. It appears, Mr. Ray fays, to be the hoary Plantain, or the Arnogloffus rofea , only di- verfified in the Form of the Spike, by an ingenious Play of Nature. The leffer broad-leaved and fmooth Plantain, Plantago latifolia , glabra, minor. C.B. Pin . 189. Plantago latifolia , minor. J.B. 3. 505. Taber. Icon. 731. It differs only from the great Plantain or Way-bread, in the Smallnefs of its Parts. The leffer broad-leaved*, hairy Plantain, Plantago latifolia , hirfita, minor. C. B. Pin. 189. Plantaginis media genus minimum . Thai. 86. Hoary Plantain, or Plantain napped with a hoary Down, Plantago villofa .feu incana , lanuginofa. C. B. Pin. 189. This is the Plantago Salmanticenfis, Plantain of Sal a. manca, according to Clufius. Hifi. CIX. Great, narrow-leaved Plantain, Plantago anguflijolia , major. C. B. Pin. 189. Plantago lanceolata. J. B. 3. 505. Plantago minor. Dodon. Pempt . 107. Rib-wort or Rib-wort- Plantain. The Root is long, fibrous, or ttringy, Hire that of the broad-leaved Sort; the leaves are long, narrow, fharp pointed, f urnifhed with five remarkable Nerves or I Veins, Tunning the whole length of the Leaf, hairy, of a dark green Colour, fomc- times found indented, but mod commonly without Incifures: The Stalks are about a Foot in length, naked, chanelled, and cor¬ nered, and bear at their Tops, Spikes half a Foot, or a Span long, fhoi ter, but greater than thofe of* the common broad-leaved Plantain, and compofed after the fame manner, of feveral little Flowers clofely compacted: The Stamina are long and (len¬ der, and fuftain large Chives from a yel¬ low inclining to a white Colour: The Spike flowers gradually from the bottom towards the Top; fo that there are not fo many Stamina or Threads to be feen at once as in the broad-leaved Species; before it flowers it is of a blackifh Colour, whereas in the other fort it is greenifh; the Seeds are larger and longer than in the foregoing Sorts: It is found commonly in Paflurage- Grounds. Small, narrow-leaved Plantain, bearing leafy Heads at the Tops of its Stalks, Plan¬ tago anguflifolia, minor , fummo cattle foliofa, feti prolifer a noflras. Plttk. Almag. Bot. Plantago anguflifolia, prolifer a. C. B. Pin. 189. Plantago anguflifolia Gareti prolifer a. Cluf. Hifi. CX. This Plant has many Leaves, (hootirg from the Root like thofe of the Rib-wot- Plantain; from among which rife nakd Footflalks, or rather little Stalks, fuppert- ing.at their Tops, Heads compoied of m;ny Leaves, fome what long, but finaller .nd narrower than thofe which rife immedite- ly from the Root: Sometimes out o/the * middle of thofe leafy Heads feveral ther Footflalks fhoot, which, infleadof a ,f)ike, bear other leafy little Heads at theirfops, for which reaion it was called Prdfera: The Root too fends up fome othe'Foot¬ flalks, which bear only little leafy leads. Thefe little Heads, in form imitting a Rofe, vary much in the narrowrfs and broadnefs of their compounding ^eaves; for fome have their Leaves narrower and longer, but not clofely fet togeth^ imita¬ ting a loofe Rofe ; others have thr little Leaves broader and fhorter, but lore com¬ pact, forming a more beautiful Ffe ; this Species is defcribed by Gerard, inder the Title of Plantago quinquemrvia , fea ; and The Cotnpleat Herbal. 143 by Parhnfon , under the Title of Pi ant ago anguftifolia, rofea & multiformis. Narrow-leaved, filver Plantain, Plan - tago argentia , anguftifolia , e Rape P r i 5 lori<£. Plantain of narrow-leaved, and indented, Plantago anguftifolia, ferrata, Hif palenfis. C. B. Pin. 189. Plant ago anguftifolia, alia , another narrow-leav'ed Plantain, ac¬ cording to Clufius. Cura Poji. infol 34. Narrow-leaved, fhrub Plantain, Plan- tago anguftifolia , fruticans. Cluf Cura Poft . /'# Jfw. 34 .- This (hrub Plantain is in all Things like the Rib-wort, but that the Leaves are whi¬ ter, the Stalks high and woody., with fmall Leaves on them; the Heads or Spikes are fhorter and fofter: It grows in Spain upon the Banks of Rivers. Small, Spanifh three-ribbed Plantain, broad-leaved and hoary, Plantago triner¬ via, latifolia , minor , incana, Hifpanica. Barr. Icon. Small narrow-leaved Plantain, Plantago anguftifolia, minor. Tabern. Icon. 732. Plan- taginis lanceolate fpecies .minima, the fmall- elt Species of the Rib-wort-Plantain. J. B. 3 * SOS- Bulbous, and hairy Plantain, Plantago pilofa , bulbofa. C. B. Pin. 189. This is the Plantago pilofa , laciniata Appula , hairy, jagged Plantain of Naples , according to Columna. Part. 1. 259. This bulbed Rib wort hath a long, fmall and round Head, for the upper Part of its Root, like unto a fmall Bulb or Onion, of the Bignefs of an Hazel-Nut, or bigger, from whence fhoot down into the Ground many thick and black long Fibres: From this Head or Bulb fpring up many long and narrow Leaves, like thole of the firit Rib-wort, lying upon the Ground, but that each of them are more hairy and in¬ dented, or cut on the Edges into gafhes, feparate a good DiBance one from the other, fomewhat like unto Bucks-horn Plantain, from among which rife up Ben¬ der, hairy, round Stalks, about a Foot high, bearing fuch like fpiked Heads as the Rib-wort does, with pale yellow Bloom¬ ings or Flowers, which are fucceeded by fmall blackiih Seed. Hares-Foot-Plantain, Plantago anguftifolia , paniculis lagopi . C. B. Pin . 189. Plantago quin- quenervia , cum globulis albis , pilo/is , Rib¬ wort-Plantain, with little white, round, and hairy Heads. J. B. 3. 504. The Root is oblong, and has many long Fibres, o: a reddifh Colour; it lends up many Leaves, diliinguilhed with five Ribs, and hairy,they lie fpread upon the.Ground, their Footflalks unite at tjie Head of the Root, but their Union fcarcely appears, the part is fo thickly covered with a wooly Down: The Stalks are many, lometimes furpafling twenty in number, lomeof them Band upright, others lie flat upon the Ground; they are naked, fomewhat hairy, and round® of. unequal Height, fome of them a Hand-breadth and a Span in length, others fcarce exceed two or three Inches, and fupport Heads covered with a white hairy Nap, refembling the Willow-Cat¬ kins: Cajpar Bauhin compares them to the little Heads of Hares-Foor, upon the Sides whereof rife fmall reddifh Flowers upon moll flender Footflalks, they are lucceeded by a very fmall and minute Seed : It grows about Alontpelier and Nemours. Three-ribbed Plantain, with the narrow¬ ed: Leaf, Plantago trinervia, folio anguftijfimo. C. B. Pin. 189. Prodrotn. 98. Plantago angu- ftifolia , minor , fpka hirfutd alba, foliis ex atrovirentibus valde pilo/is, fmall narrow¬ leaved Plantain, with a white hairy Spike, and very hairy Leaves, of a dark green Co* lour. J. B. 3. 506. Mountain-Plantain, with a long, 'nar¬ row, and blackifh Leaf, Plantago Alpina , folio angufto , longo, nigricante. Boccone. Muf. Part. 2. 22. Plantago Alpina , folio nigricante ejufdem. 7 'ab. Three ribbed, Mountain-Plantain, Plan¬ tago trinervia, montana. C. B. Pin.190. Plan¬ tago incana, trinervia, montana. Col. Part.i . 259. Whitifh, narrow-leaved Plantain, Plantago anguftifolia, albida, Hifpanica. Ho - lo/leum Plantagini fimile. J. B. 3. 08. Holo- fteum hirfutum, albicans , majus. C. B. Pin. 190. Holofteum Salmanticenfe , minus. Cluf. Hi ft: hi. Spanifh Sea-Plantain, according to Parkinfon ; The Root is long, thick, blackifh, woody, and has feveral Heads: The Leaves are all over whitifh, hairy, and woolly, fome of them a Hand-breadth long, fome much fmaller. The Compleat Herbal. 144 fmaller, not wholly half an Inch broad; they are diftinguiftied with five Nerves running lengthwife, lie fpread upon the Ground, and are a (fringe nt to theTafte: The Stalks are about a Span in length, or Sorter, (fome of them are found a Cubit in length) hairy too, and carry a long Spike of fome Inches, fometimes but of one, in Flowers and Seeds like that of the common or Bucks-horn Plantain : It grows about Montpelier in dry Olive Grounds: Clufita found it upon fome parched dry Eminences near to Salamanca, where it flowered in May; about Montpelier it flow¬ ers in April and May, fometifhes in Au¬ tumn: It is a Plant that cannot endure Cold. Narrow-leaved, whitifli Plantain of Montpelier , Plantago anguflifolia , albida , Monfpelienfis : Holofieum Monfpejfulanum. J. B. 3. 508. Holofieum hirfutum , albicans, minus. C. B. Pin. 193. Holofieum Salmanti- cenfe minus. Cluf. Hifi. CXI, The greater Plantain, with thin Leaves, growing upon the Sea-Coafls, Plantago ma- ' ritima, major , tenuijolia: Coronopus mariti¬ me, major, the greater Sea Bucks-horn- Plantain. C- B. Pin. 190. Coronopus mariti- ma nofir as. J. B. 3. 511. Plantago angufiifo- lia. Dodon. Pempt. 1018. The Idler Plantain, with thin or {lender Leaves, growing upon the Sea-Coafls, Plan¬ tago maritima , minor , tenuijolia : Holofieum Majjilienje. C. B. Pin. 190. Coronopi & fedi montani media Pi ant a Majjilienfium . Lob. Icon. 43 ^- The fmallefl maritime Plantain, with a fliff grafly Leaf, Plantago maritima , mini¬ ma , folio graminco rigido: Coronopus mariti- mus Raynaudeti. J. B. 3. 511. The greater Plantain, with a grafly Leaf, Plantago gramineo folio, major : Holofieum firiclijffimo folio, majus. C. B. Pin. 190. Coro¬ nopus ferpentina. J. B. 3. 510. Serpentina Matthioli. Dod. Pempt. 109. The Root is remarkably thick and long, divided into fome few Heads, from whence (hoot a great Number of Leaves, long and narrow, like Grafs; from among thefe lome Stalks rife, a Hand-breadth or more in length, naked, without knots, bearing fmall fpiked Heads: It grows upon the Mountains of Provence , Auvergne , and in 2 feveral Parts of Italy, according to the Te- ftimony of Lobel. The fmaller Plantain with a Grafs Leaf, Plantago gramineo folio minos: Holofieum firuUijjimo folio, minus. C. B. Pin. 190. Coro¬ nopus ferpentaria , omnium minima. J. B. 3. 511. Serpent aria omnium minima. Lob. Icon . 439 - . . • The fmallefl, narrow-leaved Plantain of Marfeilles , with little Heads, like thofe of the Hares-Foot, Plantago anguflijolia, mini¬ ma, MaJJllienfis, lagopi capitulo. Marfh Plantain of Paris, with a Grafs Leaf, Plantago paluftris, gramineo folio , Mo- nanthos, Parifienfis: Holofieum aquaticum , Alfinanthemum. H. R. Par. App. Hairy Portugal Plantain, growing upon the Sea-Coafls, with a long Spike, Plantago Lufitanica, birjuta, maritima, [pica longiort. Hairy Portugal Plantain, growing upon the Sea-Coafls, with a fhorter Spike, Plan¬ tago Lufitanica , hirfuta , maritima , fpica bre- viori. \ The fmallefl, woolly, Candy Plantain, with a hook’d or crook’d Stalk, Plantago Cretica , minima , tomentofa, caule adunco : Holofieum feu Leontopodium Creticum, Lions- Foot-Plantain of Candy. C. B. Pin. 190. Leontopodium. Profp. Alp. Exot . 114. This Candian Plant, from a reddifh Root, fomewhat thick and r caly as it were at the Head, gradually Jeflening and tapering downwards, and fpread into many Jong Fibres, fends up many long and narrow foft woolly Leaves, an Hand-breadth long, each diflinguifhed with three Ribs, among which rife up diverle fmall arid fhort Foot* ftalks, about two or three Inches long, and covered with a foft reddifli woolly Down, each whereof fupports a Ihort thick reddifh Head, like unto a Plantain Head, bearing feveral whitifh Flowers, with black Spots in their Centre, fhewing like fo ma¬ ny Holes; which are fuccecded by a fmall brownifh Seed, inclofed in their Husks, very like unto Plantain-Seed, or the Seed of the Pfyllium or Flea-wort, which Heads, when they are full ripe, bend downwards to the Ground, and are fo contra.&ed or drawn together, that they refemble a Lior/s- Foot clafped, whence fome gave it the Name of Leontopodium. Whitifli I l f* v -. *< ■ »■' • ,, -. V V" ' : ;i 7 '^Coro nopus. Jiu&As- Aom /jlan&iln . P'**8. Pfyllium. S^leas-'TVcrrfr f>a$ .14.6* The Compleat Herbal. 145 Whitilh Plantain of the Ifle of Scio, like to that of Montpelier, with a Leaf fcarce a Line and. an half broad, Plantago Chia, al- bida, Monfpelienft fimilis: folio vix fefquili- neam lato. Plantain of Greece, with a ftift Leaf, (lightly indented, and narrow, and a very high Stalk, Plantago Gr*ca, folio rigido, le - viter dentato, anguflo , caule altijfimo . Oriental Plantain with a Scorzonera Leaf, Plantago orientalis Scorzoner* folio. The Species of the Water-Plantain we Lave reduced or claffed under the Genus of the Ranunculus or Cro^s-Foot. Some are of Opinion, that the Name of Plant ago was gif en to this Plant by way of Excellence, on account of its admirable and excelling Virtue: Others again think it was fo called d Planta pedum , the Sole of the Foot, either becaufe of its Refemblance thereto, or that it is thereby commonly trampled. The Pi ant ago latifolia finis at a. C. B. PUnta¬ go major , folio glabro non laciniato ut pluri - mum. J. B. Pi ant ago major . Dod. Great Plantain or Way-bread, is that of all the Species which is commonly ufed iu the Shops; its Leaves are bitter and aftringent, give but a faint Tin&ure of Red to the blue Paper; its Roots colour it with a deeper Red, and are only aftringent; which (hows that in the Leaves the Salt-Armoniac and the terreftrial Parts of this Plant lie in¬ volved and embarrafled in a large Quantity of Sulphur; fo that it is vulnerary, febri¬ fuge, and aftringent: Tragus efteemed it much in phthifica 1 Cafes: In the Countrey they take the Juice from two Ounces to four, in the beginning of in ermittent Fe¬ vers ; two Drachms of the Extract of this Plant, or one Drachm of its Seed powdered, will effectually ftop and cure a Diarrhea, and all forts of Hemorrhages: The Ptifan and Water of Plantain have the like Vir¬ tues, they are preferibed in a D'yfentery, Spitting of Blood, in an exceflive hemor¬ rhoidal or menftrual Flux, in the Whites, and in lofl'es of Blood: In fine, Plantain is uied in all vulnerary and deterftve Po¬ tions: To remove an Inflammation of the Eyes, Camerarias orders a Collyrium of the Juice of the Leaves and Root of this Plant mixed with Rofe*water and Sugar: Simon Paulli fuccefsfully ufed the Extraxff of Plantain, with the Deco&ion of Sarfaparii- v la, in the Cure of one who pifl'ed Blood upon a Clap. A Gargariftn made of Plan¬ tain is highly ufeful in all Maladies of the Throat: This Plant enters as an ingredient in the Powder of Julian Paulmier , for the Cure of Madneis. Tournefort. The Root of this Plant taken frefh out of the Ground, wafhed, and gently (craped with a Knife, then put into the Ear, cures the Tooth-ach like a Charm, as has been fometimes obierved. Simon Paulli. In an umbelical Hernia the Cataplafm of Joel , which is compoled of the ArnoglofJ'us and the Mufcus , which grows, upon the Acacia Germanka or Sloe-Tree, boiled in Wine and bruifed together, is highly com¬ mended : Simon Paulli tells us, that he has feen an umbilical Hernia, not only in Boys, but in advanced Matrons, cured as effe&u- ally by a Cataplafm of Plantain, and the Mufcus Qiicrcinus, or Oak-Lungs, as by that Mois which grows upon the Prunus fylveftris or Sloe-Tree : But it mull be that which is tender, eafily crumbles, and is of a whitifti Colour, that grows upon the Leaves, not on the Trunk, and is without all earthy Tafte and Smell. Riverias informs us, that the French Wo¬ men, to prevent abortion, take of Plan¬ tain-Seeds in Broth, or in an Egg, during the whole nine Months of their being with Child, and not without Succefs. TABLE XXXIX. Fig. i. GENUS IV. Coronopus, Bucks-horn Plantain, a Plant with Flowers and Fruit like thofe of Plantain, from which it differs in its Leaves, they being deeply injeCfed; whereas the Leaves of Plantain are either without Incifures, or but (lightly indented. Its Species are, Garden Bucks-horn Plantain, CoronopuS hortenfis . C. B. Pin. 190. Coronopus five Cbr~ mcervimm vulgb, [pica Plantaginis : Corono¬ pus, commonly called Bucks-horn, with a U Spike 146 ' The Compleat Herbal. Spike like that of Plantain. J. B. 3. 509. Herba ftella five Cornucervimm . Dod. Pempt. 109. The Root for the moR part is fmall and {lender, but when it has been of long Growth, it is fometimes found about the thicknefs of a Finger, of a white Colour, and an aRringcnt TaRe; immediately from the Root lpring many Leaves, long, nar- tow, nervous, or full of Veins or Ribs,, and. cut in upon the Sides into deep Jags, like die Knags of a Bucks-horn, from whence it took the Name; they lie round the Root in fuch a Difpofition as to re- Ifcmble a Star, upon which account it was called Herba Stella , they are of a Talk IbmewhataRringent; from among thefe rife Teveral (lender, round, and fame what Riff. Hairy, Stalks, like to thofe of Plantain,, about a Span or a Cubit in height, fuRain¬ ing each a fmall long fpiky Head,, like to- that of common Plantain, bearing fuch- like Flowers and Seed: It is cultivated in Gardens, nor does it otherwife differ from that? which grows wild, than in magni¬ tude^, and ; feme other accidents owing to culture. That which grows wild fpreads many leaves upon the Ground in a circular Or¬ der,.. like the Coronopus vulgaris, but is more deeply jagged and divided, Jt. has a Riff hairy covering, apd appears almoR hoary The Centre, where the Leaves like fo ma¬ ny, Rays unite, is covered with a large Quantity of a foft Lanugo or Wool: The Stalks, which are many, and about a Hand- breadth or a Span in length, Riff, rough, and hairy, bear a l'pikcd Head, like to that of the Coronopus vulgaris: The Root is fmgle, fibrous, fomewhat thick, moderately long, and full of a lignous Pith ; it is called by Cafpar Bmhin, Coronopus fylvefiris hirjutior; but Mr. Ray fays that it does not appear to Ifim to be the Coro nopus Prochyta Inful a of Columna : It grows in plenty in England, in uncultivated and dry Grounds, elpecially iuTandy and gravelly Soils. Broad-leaved and hairy Piiicks-horn- Plantain of Marjeilles, Coronopus Maffilien- hirjutior ,. latijolius: Coronopus Prochytay Bucks-horn-Plantain of .theXQand.PrflaWrf. Cdumna*. Part . 1 . 258 .. Bucks-horn-Plantain of Naples , with thin and Render Leaves, Coronopus NeapolL- tanus, tenuijolius. Col. Part. 1. 258. Corono¬ pus l acini at us ejstfdem , jagged Bucks-horn- Plantain of the lame Author. Part. 2. 71. The fmalleR,, hairy Bucks horn-Plantain growing, upon the Sea-CoaRs, Coronopus maritimus , minimus , hirfiaus. C. B Pin. 19 r. Coronopus mamimus , minimus ejufdem. Prodr 98. Rofe Bucks-horn Plantain growing upon, the Sea-GoaRs, Coronopus maritimus, rofeus. Boccone . Rarior . Plant . 69. The Name is a Compound of the two Greek words xo?dvn which fignifies a Crow, and a Foot, in Engli/bC rows-Foot. * It agrees in virtues with the Plantain. TABLE XXX4X. Fig. 7 . GEN IX S V. PfyIlium, Flea-wort , 'T His Plant differs from Plantain, and the x Bucks horn-Plantain,. in this, that it rifes up with Stalks leafy and branched, as- Cafalpin informs us; whereas the Flowers and Fruit of Plantain and Bucks-horn- Plantain Rand upon fingle and naked. Stalks. Its Species are^ Indian Flea-wort, or the Flea-wort of* Diojcorides, with notched Leaves, Pfy Ilium Diofcoridis vel Indie urn, joliis crenatis. C B. Pin. 191. PfyBum Jndicum, joliis crenatis . J. B. 3. 514. Pfyllitm laciniatis joliis. Boc¬ cone. Rar. Plant. 8. This Indian Flea-wort has, according to^ Parkinfon , a woody, reddifh, rou2,h Stalk, next to the Ground, about a Foot high, fpreading into dtverfe Branches : The Leaves that Rand at the Joints thereof are- fomewhat long, narrow-pointed at the End, and notched, or rather fomewhat torn on the Edges, and hairy; the Tops of the Branches are more Rorcd with Heads than the Pfylliuw vulgare , but of the fame Bignefs and Form, the Flowers and Seed are. likewife the. lame: This is taken by tl The Compleat Herbal . 147 C Bauhin to be the true Pfyllium of Diofco - tides, and is by him called Indicum , be- caule the Seed came to him, under that Name. Great, upright, Flea-wort, Pfyllium ma¬ im, erettum. C. B. Pin . 191. J.B. 3. 513. Pfyllium Dod. Pempt. 115. Common Flea- wort. It has a Angle, white, and fibrous Root, fending up a hairy Stalk, a Foot long, and full of" Branches widely fpreading, out of whole knots the Leaves come forth by Pairs, being fharp-pointed, narrow, hairy, nervous, bitter, two or three Inches long, and about the twelfth Part of an Inch broad: From theBofomsof the Leaves there fhoot feveral (mail Footflalks, fuftaining fpiked Heads, in which the Flowers grow very thick, being Tingle-leaved, white, and fiflulous or hollow, like a Pipe, divided or cut into four Parts, and adorned with long Threads tipt with their Chives, and a Pointal which changes into a Coffin or Seed-VefTel, of a long and round Shape, membranous, and confiding of two Parts, lying the one upon the other like a Box, in which are contained two Seeds that are flat, (hilling, and refemble the Shape of a Flea: The Seed-Veffel, when ripe, opens by an horizontal Sedtion: The Tafte of the Plant is bitter, it has no manifeft Smell: It grows in plenty about Montpelier. The greater, flat Flea-wort, Pfyllium ma- jus , fupinum . C. B. Pin . 191. J. B. 3. 513. Pfyllium Plinianum forte , rad ice perenni , fu¬ pinum , Pliny's Flea-wort, having a peren¬ nial Root, and its Branches fpread flat up¬ on the Ground, according to LobeL Icon. 437. This Flea-wort, according to Parkinfon , differs not from the former in the manner of growing, but in this, that the Stalk and Branches being fomewhat greater, do a lit¬ tle more bow down towards the Ground: The Leaves are fomewhat larger, the Heads fomewhat lefier, the Seed alike 5 and the •Root and Leaves abide all the Winter, and pertlL not a3 the foimer. Small Flea-wort, Pfyllium minus , C B. Prodr. 99. it is thus ddcribed by Par kin- fin. This fmall Flea-wort has final 1 round reddifh Branches, leaning down to the Ground, not above a Hand-breadth high, fpreading into more Branches,*as having three or four at a Joint, and two Leaves (landing at each, one againft. the other, but very fhort and narrow: The fmall Heads that Hand at the Tops of the Stalks* have two fmall long Leaves, fometimes more, fet under each of them, one longer than another, and in Time bowing down¬ wards, and ioiriewhat hard: The Bloom¬ ings or Flowers are white, and the Seed is fhining ; the Root is fmall and white, with diverfe Fibres thereat: Bauhin fays he had this Species from the Garden of Bembus at Padua , under the Name of Gotne rubrum. It is called Pfyllium , from the Greek word 4 which fignifies a Flea, either be- caufe it is elleemed to drive away that fort of Vermin, or rather from the Refemblance which its Seeds bear to that infebl. The Pfyllium majus er eft urn. C. B. J. B . which is the common Flea-wort, is the Species commonly ufed: The Salt of this Plant is like to the Salt of Coral ; but it is mixed with a fmall Quantity of Salt-Ar- moniac, much Sulphur, and many terre- flrial Particles $ by a chymical Analyfis it yields a large Quantity of urinous Spi¬ rit, and many acid Liquors: It abounds with an acid Phlegm and glutinous Juice, which is wholly ddlroyed by the Force of Fire: The Seed of Flea-wort is ufed in the Elebluary, which is called Elettuarium de PJyllio, but the purgative Qyality is to be attributed to the Scammony and other in¬ gredient Catharticks.* The Mucilage of Flea-wort Seeds extrabled with Rofe-water, eafes and mitigates pain, and is very proper to remove an Inflammation of the Eyes: It is ufually prefcribed by way of Glyfler in a Dyfentery, and Inflammation of the Reins: This Mucilage too is no lefs avail¬ able for the Cure of Burns and lealds. The Co triple at Herbal. 148 SECT. HI. Of Herbs with a Flower of one fingle Leaf wbofe Flower- Cup for the moft Part changes into the Fruit. TABLE XL. Bg. 1. GENUS I. Jalap, TS a Plant that bears a Flower of one fingle Leaf A, fhaped like a Funnel, for the moll part (lightly infe&ed, and furnifhed with a double Flower-Cup, the one whereof C ferves to enwrap it, upon the 01 her P? it Rands and refts ; this la ft af¬ terwards changes into a roundifh Fruit D, which enclofes a Seed E of the fame Form and Shape F. Its Species are, jalap with a purple Flower, Jalappa fiore pHrpureo : This is the Solatium Mexio - cannm, fiore magno , purpurea feu Kermejino. C. B. Nightfhade of Mexico, with a large purple or Icarlet Flower, of Cafpar Bauhin . Pin. 1 68 . The Jafminum Mexicamm , five fios Me^icanus mult is J. B Mexican Jaf- min, or the Mexican Flower of many Au¬ thors, according to John Bauhin 2. 8 r4. and the t^iola Peruviana or the Violet of Peru , according to Tabernemontanus. Icon. 315. The Beauty of the Night with a purple Flower. The Root is thick, like that of the Man¬ drake, often exceeding a Cubit in length, furnilhed with feme few Fibres, and if cut tmniverfty, it (hows Rings or Circles, like thole found in the Mecboacan Root, black without, white within, at fir ft of an infi- pid Tafte, which afterwards turns fome- what (harp and cauftic: It fends up a Stalk a Cubit, fometimes two Cubits and a half bighj about the thicknefs of a Thumb* full of Juice, firm, and of a yellowifli green Colour, knotted, or full of Joints, liltethe female Balfamina ; which Stalk divides it felt into feveral Branches* likewife knotted; The Branches are deck’d with Leaves (hoot¬ ing out in Pairs from the Joints, like unto the Leaves of wild Peas-cods, green, fleftiy, and full of Juice, large or broad near to the Footftalk, and ending in a (harp Point at the Extremity ; if rubbed, they yield an unpleafant Smell like the wild Peas-cods, and are alfo very unfavoury to the Tafte, leaving at Jaft the Sharpnefs or Acrimony of the Tobacco-Leaves: The Extremities of the little Branches are garnifhed with long, fingle, hollow Flowers, folded into five Parts before they are opened ; but when fully blown, lomcwhat refemble the To¬ bacco-Flowers, however, they don’t ter¬ minate in (harp Angles like them, but blunt and round Corners like the Flowers of Bindweed; they are larger too than the Flowers of Tobacco, fhining with a beau¬ tiful purple or crimlon Colour; fometimes they are found of a brick Colour, iome- times yellow, or pale, fometimes white, or only whitifh, iometimes of an old or worn out red or yellowifta Colour, moft, commonly they are varioufly ftrip’d, (pot¬ ted, or chequered with two Colours, e- qually dividing the Flower: Their'Smell is* agreeable enough, fomewhat like to that of the white Afphodel .* The Ground or Field of the Flower is either red, pale, yellow, or white ; it contains, within, fix oblong Stamina or Threads, encompafling a longer Pointal; they are very (hort-lived and fa¬ ding, for at night they open, and continue fully blown till eight of the Clock next Morning, when, elpecially if the Weather is hot, they contract and (hut up like the Bindweed Flower; but if the Air be more tern- Rub eola. Petty PTZaPde ^. Be |d V L ay) 3y 3 TrackeLuini. Sfiir- pag. Yalerian ella . Jam fa J’ctfucr or Ccr/V7*falfat. Jfty. t] The Compleat Herbal. 171 TABLE XLIII. Fig. 1. GENUS III. Afperugo, Small wild Buglojs , Great Goofe-Grafs , German Mad-iyort. HE Afperugo is a Plant with a Flower * of one fingle Leaf A, in the Form of a Funnel, and cut into feveral Segments : Out of its Flower-Cup C, fhaped like a Rafon (which afterwards of it felf clofely iHtits D) the Pointal E rifes, fixed like a Nail in the bottom Part of the Flower B, and encompalled with four Embryo’s, which afterwards change into fo many Seeds F, for the inoft part of an oblong Fi¬ gure K, that ripen in the Flower-Cup, much enlarged I, whofe Parts G H are then fo clofely compreffed and contracted, that they adhere and cling together. Its Species are, Afperugo vulgaris : Buglojjum fylvefire , caul was procumbent ibns C. B. Pin . 257. Cyno- glojfa forte topiaria Plinio , five Echium lappa - latum quifiufdam J.B. 3.590. Afperugo fpu- ria. Dod. Pempt. 356 . Small wild Bugiofs, Great Goofe-Grafs, German Mad-wort. From a very Bender, white, and fingle Root, it fends up Stalks three Foot and more in height, angular, branched, con¬ cave, with little Biff rough Hooks at the Angles, flicking or cleaving to the Gar¬ ments, and ftretching along the Surface of the Ground, unlefs they find fome near Support whereupon to climb: At the Bot¬ toms of the Stalks the Leaves ftand fingly, at the Tops two or three, fometimes four together, two Inches long, narrow, (the lowermoft whereof are more bluntly point¬ ed than thofe that ftand higher) and cover¬ ed with a fhort Wool: The Flowers fhoot fingly from the bottoms of the Leaves, fometimes they ftand fingly at the Divi- fions of the Branches, upon fhort Foot- ftalks; they incline from a violet to a pur- plifh Colour, and are cut into five Seg¬ ments : The FioVver-Cup, when the Flower drops, dilates it felf into a large feminai Vefiel, as it were bivalve, triangular, ha¬ ving its Edges divided into feveral Corners or lharp-pointed Jags, and enclofes four flat dusky Seeds clofely conjoined : The Tafte and Smell of the whole Plant, is like that of Borage : The Tops of the Stalk and Branches loaded with Flowers wreath and wind themfelves like a Scorpion's Tail be¬ fore the Flowers blow or difclofe: It is rarely found in England : Mr. Ray fays he c found it near to Newmarket , near to Boxtcy in Sujfex, and in Holy- Jf and : It flowers in the Month of /Way, and when it has ri¬ pened its Seed it totally perifhetb. Afperugo tenuior , floribm albis : Bugloffum caulibus procumbentibus , tenuibus , foribus alb:s MentZj. Pug. Tab. 7. This Species, or rather Variety, was found by Mentmelius, growing near Fttrftcn- 7 vald y and in other places of Brandenburgfi. TABLE XLIII. Fig. 2. GENUS IV. Echium, Vipers-Buglojs, TS a Plant with a Flower of one fingle A Leaf AB, fhaped like a Funnel, and fomewhat infle&ed, whofe upper Brim ftretches out to a greater length than the lower or inferior: Out of the" Flower-Cup D E F, cut in for the moli Part to the very Bafe, the Pointal G rifes, fixed like a Nail in the back Part of the Flower C, and en- compafl'cd as it were with four Embryo’s, which afterwards change into fo many Seeds fhaped like a Viper’s Head H, that ripen in the Flower-Cup, which becomes much en¬ larged and dilated I. Its Species are, Great and rough Vipers-Buglofs, with a white Flower, Echium majus , & afperitts , flore albo. C. B. Pin . 254 . Echium alio flore, majus. J. B. 3. 588. Echium fiore albo. Came - rar. Epit.y% 8 . The greater and rougher Vipers-Buglofs, 1 with a Flower of a pale purple Colour, Echium majus & afperiw, fiore dilute pur - Z 2 - x pnrto. 172 The Compleat Herbal. pureo . Bot. Monfpel. Lycopfis Monfipeliaca, fioribtts dilute purpureis. Morif. H. R. Blef. Echium ampliffimo folio Lufitamcum, Vi- • pers Buglofs of Portugal with a very large Leaf. Echium vulgare. C. B. Pin. 254. J..B. 3. 586 . Echium. Dod. Pemt. 6 31. Common Vipers-Buglofs. It rifes with Stalks above two Foot high, hairy, marked with black Spots, loiid, round, covered with many Leaves irregu¬ larly difpofed, and charged with Flowers from the Bottom a I mod to the Top: The Flowers are either blue, or from a blue in¬ clining to a purplifh Colour, large and beautiful, having their Brims cut into five roundifh Jags, Lome what imitating the Shape of a Hunting-horn, and contain within five purplifli Stamina, with a white Pointal: The Flower-Cup is divided into five long, narrow', fharp-pointed and cha- nelled Segments, at the bottom whereof lie four wrinkled Seeds, in lhape bearing fome Refemblance of a Vipers Head, from whence the Plant had its Name: The Spikes, before the. Flowers are blown, wreath and turn like a Scorpion’s Tail: From the Root, which is long, about the thicknefs of a Thumb, woody, and of no remarkable Tafle, rife many rough, hairy, oblong, narrow Leaves, which are not notched, marked fometimes with whitifh Spots, and infipid to the Tafte: It grows by the Road-fides, often upon Walls, and in barren Soils; and flowers throughout the whole Summer: It is fometimes found with a white Flower. Vipers-Buglofs with a white Flower, Echium jlore albo. H. Edinburg. Broad-leaved, red Vipers-Buglofs of Can - dy, Echium Creticum, latifolium, rubrum. C.B . Pin . 254. This is the Echium Creticum, 1 Cluf. The firfl Vipers-Buglofs of Candy, accord*ng to Clufius. Hi). CLXIV. Its fir if Leaves which lie fpread upon the Ground are large, of a Size between thofe of Plantain and Buglofs, from among which rife up round rough Sulks, divid¬ ed into many Branches, whereupon Hand irregularly fmaller hairy Leaves: The ex- tream Branches wreath, and turn cr bend like thofe of the common Vipers Buglofs, and bear Flower-Cups competed of five narrow hairy Leaves, in which the Flowers Hand, of an elegant pale red at firH, but afterward, when older, of a purplifh Co¬ lour : The Stamina or Threads incline from a red to a purplifh Colour; the Chives are pale, and the middle Pointal (lender, whi¬ tifh, and forked at the Extremity: The Seed is like that of the common Vipers- Buglofs: It flowers in July and the fol- lowing Months: It has been found in plenty in feveral Parts of Narbonne • but rarely about Montpelier. Vipers-Buglofs of Candy with a Flower of various Colours, Echium Creticum , flore variegato. H. Edinburg. Narrow-leaved Buglofs of Candy with a red Flower, Echium Creticum , angufiifolium , rubrum. C. B. Pin. 25& This is the Echium Creticum , 2 Cluj, the fecond Vipers-Buglofs of Candy , according to Clufius . Hifi. CLXV. The Stalks of this Species are rougher than thofe of the Jafl deferibed, round, and marked with fmall red Spots, like the Serpentaria or Snake-weed: The Leaves are about five or fix Inches long, one Inch broad, and marked with paler Spots: The Flowers rife upon the Extremities of the little Branches, of a beautiful red Colour, which they never lofe; from their Centre fhoot up five Stamina , two greater and three fmaller, aud one of thefe lafl lefl'er than the refl; each carries white Chives: It begins to flower about the end of July: Mr. Ray fays he found this Species with rougher and almofl prickly fpotted Stalks, leaning more towards the Ground, near Meffina in Sicily. Wild Vipers-Buglofs, hairy, and fpotted, Echium fylvefire , hirfutum , maculatum. C. B, Pin . 254. This is the Echium rubro flore, the red flowered Vipers-Buglofs of j.B. 2. <89. and of Clufius. Hifi. CLXIV. This Plant, fays Mr. Ray, differs fo little from the preceding, that I can fcarce be¬ lieve it a different Species: However Clu¬ fius does diflinguifh it as fuch, and thus de- Icribes it: The Leaves which lie fpread up¬ on the Ground are oblong and narrow, hairy, almofl: the fame with thofe of the f common Vipers-Buglofs, but fomewhat broader: The Stalk rifes fometimes a Foot, fometimes a Foot and a half in height, is firm, chanelled, woolly, marked with pur- £al>. 4 - 4 ‘ er'. Pulmon aria «7v^?. 1 . J B E W X & Lr ft ft Lithospermum*. fr E 4 4 G; ft ft The Compleat Herbal. 173 pie Spots, and adorned with many Leaves irregularly difpofed, fhorter and narrower, but no lefs hairy than thofe that hand lower next to the Ground: The Top of the Stalk divides into many little fhort Branches wreathed as it were, and inhered like a Scorpion's Tail, loaded with Flowers, like thofe of the common fort, but of an elegant red Colour: The Seed lies and ri\ pens in the Flower-Cup, as in the other Species, is black, and fliaped like a Viper's Head : The Root is pretty long, hard, lig- nous, and covered with a black Rind or Bark; and fends up from irs Head fome¬ times'. feveral Stalks, but one only for the mod part: Clufms found it in Hungary, flowering in May, the Flowers fometimes of a deep, fometimes of a paler Red. Sea Vipers-Buglofs of the Stachades Ifles, with the largeft Flower, Echium maritimum , inful arum Stachadum, flore maximo : This is the Lycopfis fpatula folio, Hifpanica & Sicula , of Boccone. Muf. Part 2. §4. Tab 78. Annual Vipers-Buglols leaning upon the Ground, with Flowers of a dark red Co¬ lour, Echium procumbent , anmum, flofculis Atro-rubentibus. Morifon. H. R. Blef. Vipers-Buglofs with narrow and hairy Leaves, Echium foliis anguftis & villofis: This is the Anchufa anguftis, villofis foliis, Alkanet with narrow hairy Leaves, oi Boc- sone. Muf, Part 2. 8p. Tab. 78. Vipers-Buglofs with a Rofemary Leaf, Echium Rorifmarini folio : This is the Lycop¬ fis anguftifolia minor , of Boccone . Muf. Part 2. $9. Tab. 78. Broad-leaved Vipers-Buglofs of Candy, with a Flower of a dark purple Colour, Echium Creticum, latifolium, flore atro-pur- pureo. Oriental Vipers-Buglofs with an oblong, foft, and afh-coloured Leaf, Echium orien¬ tal e, folio oblongo, molli & cinericio. Oriental Vipers Buglofs with a Mullein- Leaf, and a large Flower fhaped like a Bell, Echium orient ale, verbafci folio, flore maximo , campanulato. Oriental Vipers-Buglofs,great and rough, with a Flower of a ruffet Colour, Echium orient ale, majus & afperius, flore leucophao. It is called Echium , from the Greek word *X l y which flgnifies a Viper, not only from the Shape of its Seed, but alio becauie it is efleemed of Efficacy to cure theBitings of that poifonous Animal. As to the medicinal Powers of this Plant we can deliver nothing as certain: John Bauhin quotes one Author, who recom¬ mends half a Drachm of the dried and powdered Root of the Echium vulgare, or common Vipers-Buglpis, taken in Yfine or Ale, as beneficial in an Epilepfy. TABLE XLIV. Fig. i, GENUS V. Pulmonaria, Lung-wort, a Plant with a Flower of one Angle Leaf A, fhaped like a Funnel, whofe upper part, which is cut into feveral Seg¬ ments, bears fome refemblance of a Bafqn: From its fiflulous Flower-Cup CE, which is for the mod part pentagonal, and divid¬ ed into five Parts, the pointal D rifes, fix¬ ed like a Nail in the Bottom of the Flower B, and encompafled with four Embryo’s 5 which afterwards change into fo many Seeds F, that ripen in the enlarged Flower- Cup E. Its Species are, Italian Lung-wort approaching to the Buglofs, Pulmonaria Italorum, ad Bugloffum accedens. J. B. 3. 5 9 5. Symphytum macuk - fum, five pulmonaria latifolia. C. BPin. 25 9. Pulmonaria vulgaris maculofo folio Cluf. Hifi , CLXIX. Sage of JeruJ'alem or Bethlehem , Jerufalem Cowflips, The Root is white and fibrous, clammy to the Tafte: The Stalk is angular, of a purplifh Colour, and hairy: It has fome Leaves which rife immediately from the Root, and lie thick Ipread upon the Ground ; others grow upon the Stalk with¬ out any Footftalk, at unequal Didaiices they are oblong, an Inch broad, having one middle NerveJ running lengthways,^ end in a (harp Point, and are covered with a Lanugo or Down-upon both Sides and round the Edges: When the Spring is ad¬ vanced, the Leaves grow remarkably large, Specially the loweimofl, which are thei? 174 Tfo Compleat Herbal. above a Hand-breadth broad, and a Hand- breadth and a half in length, and hairy, the firfl tender Down ftjffening into a rough Covering: The Flowers hand in knots at the Top of the Stalk upon Foot- ffalks half an Inch long, they rile out of oblong, chanelled, and hairy Flower-Cups, are fometimes of a purplilh, fometimes of a violet Colour, fometimes they have both thefe Colours mixed upon one and the fame Branch, and have their Brims cut in¬ to five Segments: The Seeds are like thofe of Buglofs. The Leaves are fometimes found marked with white Spots, fometimes without Spots: The Flowers are generally of a bluifh Red, rarely white: It is cultivated in mofl Gardens. Common broad-leaved Lung wort, with white Flowers, Pulmonaria vulgaris , latifo- lid, flore albo. fountain Lung-wort, with foft round- ifh Leaves, and a blue Flower, Pulmonaria Alpina, foliis wo Mims, fubrotundis , flore ca- rttlto : Symphytum five Pulmonaria Alpina, foliis mollibus, fubrotundis, flore caruleo . H. R . Par . Lung-wort with unfpotted Leaves, Pul- monaria folio non maculofo. Clufl Hift. CLXIX. Lung-wort with Vipers-Buglofs Leaves, Pul monaria foliis Echii. Lob. Icon . 58 6. Pul- monaria anguftifolia , rubente caruleo flore, nar¬ row-leaved Lung-wort with a reddifh blue Flower. C. B. Pin. 260. Lung-wort with Vipers-Buglofs Leaves, and a white Flower, Pulmonaria foliis Echii, flore albo. Lung-wort with a red Flower, and Vi- pers-Buglols Leaves, Pulmonaria rubro flore , folis Echii. J. B. 3. 297. Pulmonaria IV, rubro flore. Cluft the Fourth Lung-wort with a red Flower of Clufius. Hijt. CLXX. Narrow-leaved Lung-wort with a blue Flower, Pulmonaria anguftifolia , carulco flore. J. B. 3. 5 96. Symphytum maculofum, five Pulmonaria anguftifolia, carulea. C. B. Pin. 260. Pulmonaria anguftifolia. Tabern. Icon. 557. It has narrow Leaves covered with a Nap or Down, not unlike to thofe of wild Bu¬ glofs or common Vipers-Buglofs^ or to thofe of Alkanct, but fofter, nor lb rough and hairy, without Footflalks, embracing she middle of the Stalk, which, as it en- 3 creafes in growtfc, becomes cornered and hairy, fomewhat inclining to a Purple and about a Foot high : Upon its Top Rand many little pentagonal Flower-Cups di¬ vided into five purplilh Jags and fome¬ nt hairy, which contain oblong concave Flowers, in Form like to thofe of the gar* den Buglofs, or to thole of the common Lung-wort, having tlieir Brims cut into nve almoft orbicular Segments, which be¬ fore they are blown appear of a reddifh purple Colour, but when explained and difdofed, of io elegant and beautiful a Blue, that they rival, if not furpafs thofe ot the fpring Gentianel, but they are with¬ out Smell: When ripe, they drop off entire and leave the empty Flower-Cup with the Pointal and Rudiments of the four fubfe- quent Seeds, fvhich when ripe, are of a black Colour, like to the Seeds of Buglofs or Vipers-Buglofs • at the Foot of the Stalk grow afterwards other narrow hairy Leaves, a Hand-breadth or more in length, broader and lofter than thofe of the Vipers-Buglols or the Alkanet,* from among which, tho* dry, the following fpring the Stalk fl’octs, loaded with its beautiful Flowers: The Root is furnilhed with thick and flelhy Fi¬ bres, whitifh at flrft, but afterwards, thro* length of Time, blackifh without, and fweet to the Taffe: It grows in plenty in Panonia, and the lower Auftria in moun¬ tainous Places and cut Woods, and con¬ tinues long in flower: It rifes in the be¬ ginning of the Spring, and fhoots out its Flowers almoff before the Leaves. Italian Mountain Lung-Wort with a nar¬ row Leaf, Pulmonaria Alpina , angUfto folio , Italic a. Boccon. Muf. Part 2. no. Pulmo¬ naria Alpina, angufto folio ejujdem. Tab. §6. Mild Lung-wort, with a Smell like to that of the Strawberry, Pulmonaria mitis , frag aria odore. Bocc. Muf. Part 2. T48. Pul¬ monaria fragaria odore ejufdem. Tab. 1O5. Annual Lung wort of Candy, with a bli- flered Flower-Cup, Pulmonaria Cretica, an¬ nua, cal ice veficario : Borragine filveftre, annua di Candia, Zan. Hift. 48. Lung-wort with a roundilh, green and unfpotted Leaf, Pulmonaria viridi , fubrotun- do, non maculato folio. Boccon. Muf. Part 2. 135. Pulmonaria viridis, non maculata, Jub- rotmda ejufdem. Tab. 5? 5. Lung The Ccmpleat Herbal. 175 Lung-wort of the Ifland Scio r with a Vipers- Buglofs Leaf full of wart-like Ex crefcences, a bladdered Flower-Cup, and a white Flovver, Pulmonaria Cbia, Ecbii folio verracofi , cal ice veficario , flore albo. Lung-wort of Lesbos , with a Vipers- Buglofs Leaf, having wart-like Excrelcen- ces* a fwoln Flower-Cup, and a blue Flower, Pulmonaria Lesbia , folio ver- rucofo , crf/ice veficario , flore caruleo. Oriental Lung-wort, with a fwoln or bladder-like Flower-Cup, Vipers-Buglofs Leaves, and a purple Flower fhaped like a Funnel, Pulmonaria orient alts y calice vefica¬ rio ,, Ecbii JoliiSy flore purpureo , infandibili- formi. Oriental Lung-wort, with a fwoln Husk, Vipers-Buglofs Leaves, and a white Flower fhaped. like a Funnel, Pulmonaria orientalis y calice veficario , foliis Ecbii , flore albo , clib ul if or mi. The Lung-wort is diftinguifhed from the other Plants of the fame Tribe or Family, by the Form or Shape of its Flower-Cup: At what Time its Species are without Flow¬ er and Fruit, they are eafily known by their oblong or roundifh Leaves, not in- fe&ed, foft or rough, and for the molt Part lpotted like the Lungs when difeafed or dillempered, from which refemblance this Plant derived its Name. It is the firfl. Species which is of coiumon Ufe: It has a fait and clammy Tafte, and gives a confiderable red Dye to the blue Paper: It is chiefly ufed in DiAernpers inci¬ dent to.the Lungs, when the Spittle is fait or purulent, and in fpittiqg of Blood: As a Vulnerary it partakes of the Virtues of the Comfry: The Leaves may be ufed either in Ptifans or Broths; fome inflead of the Lung-wort or Sage of JeruJal$m y make ufe of the Mafias Pulmonarins ', or Oak- Lungs; of which we fhall treat in its pro¬ per Place. TABLE XLIV. Fig. 2. GENUS VI. Lithofpermum, Gromit , TS a Plant with a Flower of one Angle A Leaf A, fhaped like a Funnel, and cut into feveral Segments: From its Flower- Cup C, divided to the very Safe, the poin- tal Djifes, which is fixed like a Nail in the Bottom of the Flower B, and encompafled with four Embryo’s, which afterwards change into fo many roundifh, hard, po- Jiflied, and fhining Seeds G, that ripen in the enlarg’d Flower-Cup E. Its Species are. The greater upright Gromil, Lithofper- mam majus y erectum. C. B Pin. 258. Litbofi permum five mil tarn folis. J . B. 3. 590. Lit bo - fpermum minus. Dod. Pempt . 83. Gromil or GromweJ. The Root is about an Inch thick, woody, perennial, and fomewhat fibrous; It fends up feveral Stalks two or three Foot high, upright, ftiff, round, folid, rough and branched, which are adorned with long, hairy, narrow and fharp-pointed Leaves without Footflalks: The Leaves that grow upon the Tops of the Stalks and little Branches are broader and (hotter, in pro¬ portion to their Bignefs, and of a deeper Green: The Flowers rife upon fhort Foot¬ flalks at the Tops of the Stalks and little Branches, they incline from a grafly to a white Colour, and have their Brims cut into five blunt Segments: The Flower-Cup is hairy, and deeply divided into five nar¬ row fharp-pointed Segments: Each Flower is fucceeded. by four hard, fhining and afh- coloured Seeds; two or three, whereof for •> the mofl part only arrive to maturity: It grows commonly in feveral places of our Country in barren and untilled Grounds, and by the Way-fides: It flowers in May and Jane , and its little flowery Twigs be-, fore the Flowers are blown, wreath and turn like a Scorpion’s Tail, The lefTer, broad-leaved, creeping Gro mil, Litbofpermam minus y repens , latifolium . G B. Pin . 258. This is the Litbofpermam majas Dodonei , flore purpureo , fimine Ancbufi y . or the greater Gromil of Dodoneus, with a purple Flower, and Seeds like thole of the Alkanet, according to J. B. 3. 572. and the Litbofpermam majas ot Dodon. Pempt. 83. This Species has many creeping Stalks, a Foot, or a Foot and a half in length, (len¬ der, of a blackifh Colour, and ha*iry,which aa ^ vj€ The Compleat Herbal . as they creep along, take Root in the Ground by the help of fome Fibres which they emit 5 they are covered with rough hairy Leaves, from a deep Green inclining to a blackilh Colour, about two Inches long, half an Inch broad, and (harp-point- ed: The FJowers ftand thick at the Extre¬ mities of the little Branches, and are of a violet Colour: The Seed refembles that of the Alkanet or Vipers-Buglofs, being whi- tifh and wrinkled : The Root is long, thick, lignous, wreathed, and of a black Colour: The Stalk that fuftains the Flow¬ ers is ere&ed, and the Leaves which grow thereupon are longer and of a paler green Colour : It is found upon a certain Hill near Denbigh in Wales, and in Somerfetfhire , not far from Taunton. The Idler Gromil of the tilled Grounds, Lithofpermum arvenfe minus: Echium fcor- pioides , arvenfe . C. B. Pin. 254. Echium fcor- pioideSy folifequum , fore minor e. J.B. 3. 58 9. Moufe-Ear Scorpion-Grafs. The Root is black and fibrous: The Stalks are angular, hairy, fometimes erect¬ ed, fometimes reclined upon the Ground, about a Foot long, and thick as a Stalk of Corn: The Leaves are an Inch and a half or two Inches long, half an Inch broad, like to thofe of the Moufe-Ear, hairy, not very (harp-pointed, and grow upon the Stalks in an alternate Order without Foot¬ ftalks : The Flowers are difpofed in Spikes upon the Tops of the Stalks and little Bran¬ ches, which Spikes, before the Flowers blow and difclofe, wreath and wind them- felves like a Scorpion's Tail, from whence the Plant had the Name of Scorpioides: The Flowers ftand upon Footftalks half an Inch long, when they firft blow they appear of a purplifh Colour, but afterwards change to a blue, and have a yellow Spot or Eye in the Middle: It is defcribed by Pariinfon under the Title of Myofotis Scorpioides hir- futa ; and by Gerard , under the Title of Scorpioides arvenfis hirfuta : Cafpar Bauhin has confounded this Plant with the Heliotro- pium minus III of Tabernemontanus, which ought to be referred to the Cynoglojfum minus. Pin . This Species la ft defcribed is very well reprefented by Taber nemont anus , under the Title of Auricula mur'ts card e a , blue Moufe- 2 Ear. Icon. 197. It grows in the tilled Grounds, Specially l'uch as arc more bar¬ ren, and have lain fallow for fome Time, and flowers almatt throughout the whole Summer. The leffer field Gromil, with yellow, or yellow-blue Flowers, Lithofpermum ar¬ venfe minus , fioribus luteis vel luteo-cartels. The Stems or Stalks of this Species, fays Tournefort, appeared to me more angular or cornered than thofe of the preceding, the Leaves of a Colour not fo whitilh, the Flowers fmaller, and yellow, difpofed af¬ ter the fame manner in Spikes,- but we find likewife, fays he, upon the fame Stalks, fome that are of a bluifh Colour, and others partly blue, partly yellow : Perhaps Cafpar Bauhin has mentioned that which bears yellow Flowers under the Name of Echium Scorpioides , minus , flofeulis luteis . Prodrom. up. Tourn. Hijl. des Plant, des en¬ virons de Paris. Herborif 2. It grows in dry and Tandy Pafturages; Mr. Ray fays he has found it in plenty in Coney-Burrows. The leffer marfh Gromil, with a blue Flower, Lithofpermum palufire , minus , fore caruleo : Echium Scorpioides , palu/lre. C. B . Pin. 254. Echium Scorpioides, folifequum, flore majore , caruleo. J. B . 3. 589. Water-Scor- pion-grafs. By the means of many (lender Fibres, whitifh at firft, but afterwards turning of a blackifh Colour, which (hoot from the Joints into the (limy Soil, it roots it (elf : The Stalks are round, chanelled, folid, a Foot and a half, or more, in length, rough to the Touch, and of a reddifh Colour in places expofed to the Sun; they are adorn¬ ed with long, narrow Leaves that have no Footftalks, irregularly difpofed, and which are covered with Hairs fo (hort that they feem altogether fmooth,- out of their Bo- foms, towards the Tops of the Stalks, ma¬ ny little Branches (hoot: The Flowers are of a blue Colour, and have a yellow Spot or Eye in the Middle or Centre; they ftand at the Tops of the Stalks and little Branches upon Footftalks half an Inch or an Inch long, have their Brims cut into five roundifti Segments, and grow in Spikes, which, before the Flowers blow, wreath and wind like a Scorpions Tail: Each Flower The Cmpleat Herbal. 177 Rower is fucceeded by four Seeds : It grows near to Rivulets and in marflry Ditches; and flowers about the end of May. John Bauhin , fays Mr. Tournefort had no realon to doubt whether Tragus mentioned this Species among thofe ot the Auricula muris minor ; it is more probable that he fpoke of it among thofe of the Euphra/ia: But confidering how he explains himfelf upon the Euphrafia carulea , it appears that that which ^grows in marfhy Places, is only a Variety of that Species which I have called Lithofpermum arvenfe minus : Cafpar Bauhin imagined the Plant of which we now fpeak to tie the Auricula muris of Matthiolus: But it is plain, from the Figure of Matthiolus, that that Author formed it upon the De- lcription of Diofcorides , as he did that of the Heliotropium minus , as John Bauhin has well obferved: There are many Figures in the Works of Matthiolus, which are only ima¬ ginary : It was efleemed a Point of Honour - in his Time not to be ignorant of any Plant which Diofcorides had mentioned or fpoke of; and Matthiolus made no fcruple to caufe them to be engraved (imply from the Ideas xvhich he formed to himlelf upon the Ddcriptions of Diofcorides. Toum. Hifi. &c. The lefler marftr Groinil with a white Flower, Lithofpermum palufire, minus, flore albo: Echium fcorpioides, palufire, flore ni- Veo. C. B. Pin. 254. Echium fcorpioides , foli- fequum , flore majore, albo. J.B .3. «$8p. Wa¬ ter Scorpion-grafs with a white Flower. The limlleft or leaft woolly mountain Gromil, Lithofpermum Alpinum , tomentofum , minimum : Echium fcorpioides , Alpinum, na- mm , fupinum. fomentofum ejufdem. Tab. 20j. Creeping, broad-leaved, oriental Gro- mil, with a large Flower, Lithofpermum orient ale, l at folium, repens, flore magno. The leffer Gromil of the lfle Delos, grow¬ ing in the tilled Grounds, with Stalks ly¬ ing flat upon the Ground, and the fmallefl white Flower, Lithofpermum Delium , arven• fi, minus , fupinum, flore minimo, albo. Oriental Gromil with a Stock-Gilly- \ flower Leaf, and a final 1 blue Flower, Li - thofpermum orient ale, Leucoii folio, flore c*ru- leo , parvo. Broad-leaved oriental Gromil, with a Flower of an agreeable red Colour, Lit ho- J i per mum orient ale, laiifolium, flore fuavc- rubente. The following Species are to be excluded from this Genus , for they bear not the Marks or Chara&eriflicks of the Lithofper¬ mum or Gromil. Lithofpermum Arundinarium, forte Diofco - ridis & Plinii. C. B. Pin. 258. Our Author reckons it a Species of the Lachryma Job or Jobs Tear: Lithofpermum arvenfe, radice rubra. C. B. Pin. 258. It is a Species of the Buglofs. Lithofpermum linaria folio , Germanicum. C. B. Pin. 259. It is ranked under the Thy - melea or Spurge flax: Lithofpermum linarix folio, Monfpeliacum. C. B. Pin. 255?. It is a Species of the Linum or Flax. The Name of Lithofpermum is borrowed from the Nature of the Seed, and is a Com¬ pound of the two Greek words-M (for, which jignifics a Stone, and Seed, import¬ ing in our Language, a ttony Seed. The fir It Species is what is commonly ufed : This Plant gives little or no tincture of red to the blue Paper; it is aUrtn&enc and glutinous; the Fruit reddens it a lit¬ tle: The Leaves of Gromil chymically ana¬ lyzed yield no concreted volatile Salt; but an urinous Spirit much charged therewith, and a large Quantity of Oil and Earth: What is obtained from the Grains or Seeds is all alcalious; they afford too a volatile concreted Salt, much Earth and Oil: The Seeds are powerfully diuretic, and may be ulefully adminiflred in the Stone and Gra¬ vel, and in the end of a Gonorrhoea by way ofEmulfion, mixed with other Ingredients: Matthiolus fays, he has often with great Sue- cefs preferibed ^Uof the Seeds to be taken in Womens Milk, to Women in hard La¬ bour. Gromil Seeds are ufed in the blefl.d laxative Eledtuary, in the opening hepatick Dccodiion, and in the antinephrkick Syrup of Charras. * 7 * The Comfleat Herbal, TABLE XLV. female Comfrey, Symphytum conjolida major.. florc albo vel paBdi lutto, qua fecwina C. & Pin . 259. The greater Comfrey with a yellow Flower, Symphytum conjolida mam. flare lu- tto, £ B. Pin, 259. The greater Comfrey with a Flower of various Colours, Symphytum conjolida major , Plant with a Flower of one bogle pore varkgato H, L, Bat. GENUS m Symphytum* Comfrey % A Leaf A, fliaped like a Funnel, oblong, and in foine manner refembling the Bell- fhape. Out of the Flower-Cup C I> deep¬ ly cut to the very Bafe, the Pointal E rifes, fixed like a Nail in the back Part of the Flower B, and encompafied with four Em- The greater Comfrey with a tuberous Root, Symphytum majw, radice tuberofh C. B, Pin . 259. Symphytum tuherofum J. B, 2. 594, Dod, Pempt. 134. The Stalk of this Species is angular, and in fome meafure pentagonal, feldom ex* bryo’s, which afterwards change into fa ceeding a Foot in height, full of Juice* ha- inany Seeds G, in Form imitating the ving fewer Leaves than the greater Corn- Shape of a Vipers Head H, and ripening in frey, and thole fmaller, more tender, not the Flower-Cup, it lelf much enlarged r. fo rough, and infipid to the Tafter The Flowers grow upon the Tops of the Bran- Its Species are, cbes; they are of a pale Colour and oblong* The greater Comfrey with a purple f?ev° r ^ grater Com* Flower, Symphytum conjolida major , flare and cut into ^?Z^ h3SUm Stamina or Threads tLt join as it were and magnum J, B, 3. 593. Dod. Pempt. 134. It has thick, fpiiggy, arid pulpy Roots, black without and white within, vifcous and glutinous i The Stalks are about two Foot high, hairy, rough, and winged: The Leaves refemble thofe of Helenium or Elecampane, are rough, hairy, (harp-point¬ ed, two Spans long, and an Hand-breadth it join as it were and Form an Umbo or Bols, with a Pointal ftretcbing out in the Middle; The Flower* Cup are like thofe of the greater Comfrey. and enclofe Seeds like thofe of the Ecbium or Vipers-Buglofs: The Root is long, bran* chy, tender and brittle, about the thick* nels of the little Finger, has many tube¬ rous or knobby Excrefcences, and is fur* broad: The Flower? grow upou the Tops nifhed with fome fmall Fibres ; The Foot- ©f the Branches and Sulks, which before the Flowers blow, wind and wreath like a Scorpion s Tail, they are fingie-leaved, of a whitifh Colour, inclining to a Purple, flflulous, about a Quarter of an Inch long. Balks, Cups, the angular Stalks, and Leaver are hairy : It grows in all the Woods of Panonia and Auftria y in fhady Places, espe¬ cially under fhrubs. The leffer Comfrey with a tuberous Roof, having their Brims cut into five Segments, Symphytum minus 9 tuherofh radice £ B. Pin* and a hairy Flower-Cup deeply cut intoan 259. Symphytum tuberofum y minm ClufiL equal Number of Divrfions: The Pointal Hift.CLKVl. tiles from the Centre of the Cup, and re- Comfrey with a Target Vipers-Bugloft mains after the Flower drops, encompafled Leaf, a red Root, and a yellow Flower, with four Seeds, fhaped like *a Viper 3 Symphytum Echii folio amplkre , radice rubra. Head, and of a blackifh Colour: It grows fiore luteo: This is the Anchufa lutea major, in Meadows and by the fides of Brooks; ^ - ^ ~ and flowers in May. The greater Comfrey with a Flower of a purple-blue Colour, Symphytum confolid » major , flare purpureo-caruleo C. B. Pin. 259 . The greater Comfrey with a Flower of or the greater yellow Alkanet of £ B. Pin • 2S9* and the Anchufa lutea , or yellow AT -1 kanet of J. B. 3, 583. and of Label, hoi' 57S. It has a # Root abounding with a red 01 Juice, like the ©nochiles: The a white or pale yellow Colour, called the Sulk is hairy, about a Foot high, or more, Sa* - 4-5 • Symp liytiim. — m The Comfleat Herbal. I7£ flenderer than that of the Onochiles: The Leaves which grow upon the Branches are fliorter, but equally broad: The Flowers Band as it were in Spikes at the Tops of the Stalks, they are hollow or fiftulous, like thofe of the greater Comfrey, but fmaller, and of a yellow Colour: The Seed is bright and polifhed, of an a(h Colour, marked with little black Spots, but triangular and fharp-pointed, fhaped almoft like the Beak of a little Bird: Mr. Ray fays he found it in fome barren Grounds not far from Lyons, upon the Road to Geneva. Comfrey with a larger Vipers-Buglofs Leaf, a red Root, and a whitifh Flower, Symphytum Echii folio ampliore, radice rubra, flare exalbido : This is the Anchufa Jlore alba ant pallido CIhJH, Alkanet with a white or pale-coloured Flower of Clujtw, according to ?. B. 2. <83. and the Anchufa exalbido jlore Cltif. Hi}. CLXV. It has many Leaves which fhoot imme¬ diately from the Root about a Hand- breadth long, very narrow, and covered with a prickly Lanugo or Down; from- among thefe, in the lecond Year (for the firft it fends up no Stalk) the Stalk rifes, a Foot, fcmetimes a Foot and a half in height, fomewhat thick, firm, hairy, and branched; the Leaves which adorn it are much (hotter than the others, and hairy: The Flowers rife at the Extremities of the Branches, out of hairy and rough Flower- Cups ; they in fome manner refemble thofe of the greater Comfrey, are of a white Co¬ lour, or from a white incline to a pale, and are cut into five Segments: When they drop the Seed appears in the Flower-Cups fhaped like a Viper’s Head: The Root is about the thicknefs of the little Finger, and covered with a black Bark or Rind, which being peeled off, it appears red, and dyes the Fingers with a molt elegant and beautiful Scarlet: It is fweet and infipid : It grows in the dry and parched Grounds of Panonia and Auftrla. Comfrey with a narrow Vipers-Buglofs Leaf, a red Root, and a yellow Flower, Symphytum Echii folio angufiiore, radice rubra , fiore luteo: Anchufa lutea minor , the lefTer yellow Alkanet of C B. Pin. 2*5. Anchufa Echioides, lutea , Ccrlntboidtj, montana Golum . Part 1.183. Comfrey of Candy, with a narrow Vipers- Buglofs Leaf, napped with a long Down, and a yellow Flower, Symphytum Creticum , Echii folio angufiiore, longtffimis villis horrido, jlore croceo: Is this the Echium Creticum qf Profper Alpinus, defcribed by him in his Exoticks, p. i2p ? He fays it bears yellow Flowers, like to thofe of the Alkanet, but they are wretchedly exprefled and reprefent- ed by the Engraver. Oriental Comfrey with a large Vipers- Buglofs Leaf, napped with a very long Down, and a yellow Flower, Symphytum orientate, Echii folio ampliore, longifftmis villis horrido, fiore croceo. Oriental Comfrey witli a Vipers-Buglofs Leaf, and a very flender white Flower, Symphytum orientate, Echii folio, fiore albo, te- miffimo. Oriental Comfrey with a fmall Vipers- Buglofs Leaf, and a Flower fometimes of a white, fometimes of a yellowifli Colour, Symphytum orientale , Echii folio minori, fire nunc albo nunc flavefeente. Oriental Comfrey with a filver-coloured Olive-leafi and a yellowifh Flower, Sym¬ phytum orientale , olea folio argenteo, fiore flt- vefeente. Oriental Comfrey with an a(h-coloured and hairy Olive-Leaf, Symphytum orientale, olea folio cinereo & hirfuto ♦ Narrow-leaved oriental Comfrey with a blue Flower, Symphytum orientale, angufiifo - lium, fiore cameo. Oriental Comfrey with a rough roundifh Leaf, and a blue Flower, Symphytum men - tali, folio Jubrotundo, afpero, fiore caruleo. Oriental Comfrey with a rough roundilh Leaf, and a blue Flower of a molt fra¬ grant Odour, Symphytum orientale, folio fub- rotundo, afpero, fiore caruleo, odoratijfmo. We mutt exclude from this Genus the Symphytum minus , Boraginis facie C. B. Pin . 259. It is a Species of the Ompbalodes . ^ It borrowed the Name of Symphytum dm> rS nwveiy, which fignifies to grow to¬ gether; becaufe, as Diofcorides relates, its Roots, if boiled with flefh, unite and confolidate the feparate Pieces. The Leaves ot the firft Species or great Comfrey are infipid, glutinous, and give a faint Tincture of Red to the blue Paper: The Roots dye it deeper, and abound with A a 2 a i8o The Compleat Herbal. a clammy Juice: This Plant contains a Salt very like to the Salt of Coral, difi’olved fa a glutinous Phlegm, in which there is fame Sulphur, but very little cf Salt-ArmoMacj for upon a chymical Analyfis the Comfrey fields many acid Liquors,, much Earth, very little SulphOr, and no concreted vo¬ latile Salt..but a final! quantity or an urL nous Spirit, and a very moderate quantity of fixed Salt j To that its Powers feem prin¬ cipally to depend upon its flimy.Mucilage, which the Fire deflroys: Ltiojcorides a flu res us that its Roots are vulnerary ; that bruif¬ ed together with the Leaves of Ground- fel or Simfon, and applied, they mitigate the Pain and Inflammation of the Piles; that their juice is ufeful in a Spitting of Blood, ana for the Cure of Ruptures. The Modernsdefervedly reckon it among the chief oft he vulnerary Plants^ and they all agree that its Roots incradate or thicken, and blunt or (heath the acrimonious Parti¬ cles of the Humours: They are ufed in a Lofs or Flux of Blood, occafioned by fharp Salts, which render it too fluid ; and in a Ca¬ tarrh or Defluxion upon the Breaft or Lungs, caufed by Salt and corroflve Seroflties. The Roots of the great Comfrey bruifed and applied by way of Cataplafm to a prick’d Teiidon, or to the part moll fenfi- bly afle&ed with goutilh Pains, give great Eift and Relief, and in the lame manner flop running and eating Ulcers,Gangrenes, &c. Simon Paulli advifes not to ufe the Roots of Comfrey fingly for the Cure of $outifh Pains, Jean they ihould too powers fully flrike the'' Humour back, and throw it inwards.: He recommends the following Cataplafm, which he team’d from Senner- tWy as an incomparable Remedy: Take three Ounces of the Roots of the great Comfrey, two Ounces of Mar/h mallow Roots, a Handful of Southernwood Leaves, two Handfuls of St. John’s-wort, three Handfuls of Cainomil Fiowers, four Hand¬ fuls of Elder Flowers, two Ounces of Fe¬ nugreek Seed?, three Ounces of Lint Seed; boil all tliebe ingredients,fa Elder-Water* and make a Cataplaftn: But this Remedy is oo much compounded. I ufually mix, ays Toatmforty ionic Drops of fetid Oil with the Comfrey Roots well bruifed, and. lo> apply it to the. Part affected*.. We find among the Obfervations qf Bit* ronymus Rcufuerus, that a Charlatan cured a certain Perion of a malignant UJcer, pro¬ nounced to be a Cancer by the Surgeons and left by them as incurable, by applying twice a Day the Root of Comfrey bruifed having firft peeled of the external blackifli Bark or Rindbut the Cancer was not of above eight or ten Weeks (landing. TABLE XLVI. Tig. GENUS VIII. Heliotropium, Turnfole, TS a Plant with a Flower of one fingle A Leaf, fhaped like a Funnel, having "its Centre wrinkled and folded, lo as to fhow like a Star, and its Brim cut into ten Seg¬ ments alternately unequal: Out of the Flower-Cup C the Pointal D rifes, which is fixed like a Nail in the bottom Part of the Flower B, and encoinpafled with four Embryos, that change into fa many Seeds EF, angular upon the one Side, and gib¬ bous upon the other, which ripen, in the Flower-Cup. Its Species are,. The greater Turnfole of Diofcorides, He¬ liotropium majus Diojcoridi C. B. Pin. 2*53. Heliotropium majuSy flore albo , the greater Turnfole with a white Flower. J. B. 3. 604. Heliotropium Dod. Pempt. 70. The great¬ er Heliotrope or Turnfole. This Plant rifes to the Height of a Span, fometimes more, l'ometimes lets, according to the Nature of the Soil : The Root is ffagle and woody : The Stalk: 13 fungous and full of Pith, from a green inclining to a hoary Colour, woolly and blanched : The Leaves (hoot out at each joint of the Stalk and Branches, they are like to thole of Bafll, oblong, nervous, hoary and S : The Flowers are imall and of a e Colour, iurrounded with little wool¬ ly Leaves; the Spike upon which they Hand, wreaths its felf like a Scorpion's Tail before they open: They are facceected by four trian- Heliotropium. ^Jwmsa/r . iV 0® B Vc ffcE (? ^ P a $-J-8'2,. Cynogloffum. SlMU/rids- ZGnque . £fi q. <2 . a @» w * The Comp feat Herbal. 18 x triangular aftvcoloured Seeds; It grows in feveral Parts of France, Italy , and The greater Turnfole of .Stfi/y, with a large feented Flower, Heliotropium Siculum, mafias, flore amplo, odorato Boccon . Rarior. Plant, 90. In its Stalks and Leaves it very much re- fembles the common fort, but differs in its Flowers, which are large and feented, like thofe of Melilot: It grows near to Catana , in rough places, and among the Corn, mixed with the common fort. The greater autumnal Turnfole, Fuell¬ ing like Jafmin, Heliotropium majtas autnm- nale , Jafmini odore. Heliotropium medium, fir igofins Italicum Barretter. Icon. The fmaller creeping Turnfole, Heliotro- pium minus, fupinum C. B. Pin. 253. Helio- tropium minus quorundam five fupinum J. B. 3. 605. Heliotropium fupinum. Dod. Pempt.jo. It is very like the firft, but fmaller, bears flenderer Stalks, much branched, fomewhat woolly, and leaning upon the Ground: The Leaves in Tafte, Colour, and Form, refemble thofe of the greater Turnfole, but are fmaller: The Flowers are white, and ftand upon Spikes, which wreath and wind like a Scorpion’s Tail be¬ fore they blow: They are fucceeded, not by four Seeds joined together, as in the firft, but by one for the 1110ft Part, feme- times two, greater and more oblong, of a dark brownilli Colour, and wrapped up within a Membrane or Husk: The Root is final 1, of a hlackifh Colour without, and dies in the Winter. Blue, American Turnfole, with Clary Leaves,, Heliotropium Americamm, caruleum, fottis Hormini. A. R. Par . 83. Aguara quin- ha Pifon. Edit. 1658. 229. Blue, American Turnfole, with narrower Clary Lewes, Heliotropium Americamm, ca- ruleum , foliis Hormini angufiiorihus. H. Lugd. Bat. Jacua-Acanga Pifon. Edit. 16*%. 229. Turnfole of Curacao , with a Leaf like to that of J r enus-\ayn\, Heliotropium Curajfa- vicum, folio lint umbiliem. Prod. Par ad. Bat. Heliotropium Uni umbilicati facie Paradif Bat. ^ Tree Turnfole, growing upon the Sea- Coafts, with Leaves like thofe of the Ame¬ rican Cudweed, Heliotropium arbor earn, ma - ritbrnm,, tomntofum , Gnaphalii Amrkam foliis , of Dr. Sloane , in his Catalogue of the Plants of Jamaica 93. Heliotropium Gnapha- loides, littoreum, fruticefcens , Americamm , Sea-Lavender Barbadenfibus diftum. Pluknet. Phytog. Tab. 193. Fig. 5. The greater hairy Turnfole, with a large Flower, without finell, Heliotropium ma- jus , villofum, flore magno, inodoro. Turnfole creeping upon the Ground, with the fmalleft Flower, and a large Seed, Heliotropium humi fufum , flore minimo, fe¬ rn ine magno: This is the HKioTplmov (dapw, of Diofcorides, Lib. 4. cap. 149. We mu ft exclude from this Genus the He¬ liotropium Tricoccon, and rank it under the Ricinoides. The Name is derived from the two Greets words wa/o<, which fignifies the Sun, and rp&Tt/t', to turn ; fo called, not that it fol¬ lows the diurnal Motion of the Sun* as the Ancients vainly imagined, but as Dodo- neus fays, becaufe it begins to flower about the Summer folftice, when the Sun being at the remoteft Diftanee from the Equinoctial, again turns and bends its Courfe to* wards it. There are two Species of the Turnfole ufed in the Shops, the Heliotropium majus. - mfius Diojcoridis C. B. — majus flore albo J. B. or the greater Turnfole: And the Heliotropium minus fupinum C. B. Helio¬ tropium minus quorundam five fupinum J. B. or the final I Turnfole: They are both pof- fcflld of the fame Virtues. The Leaves of the greater Turnfole are extreamly bitter, and give but a fmall Tindture of red to the blue Paper • which gives us to underfland that their Salt dif¬ fers nothing from the Salt of Earth, but in this that the Salt-Armoniac lies more dif- engaged in them than the other Principles, and mixed with a large Quantity of fetid Qil and Earth. Diofcorides, lib. 4. cap* 185. fays, That the Deco&ion of the Leaves of the greater Turnfole evacuates by Stool, bilious and phlegmatic Humours: That boiled in Wine, and taken inwardly, and at the fame Time outwardly applied to the Part, it is ufefuL againft the Stingings of Scorpions: It re¬ ported, fays he, that four Grains of the Seed taken before the Parcxyfm of a Quar¬ tan- Ague, carries it off . and cures it, and ' three. 18 2 The Compleat Herbal. three a Tertian: The Leaves bruifed and applied to the Parts pained with the Gout, to thole that have been disjointed, and up¬ on being fet, are ftill affected with Pain, and in the Difeafe of Children, called the Syriafis , give great Eafe and Relief; The Juice of the Leaves, and the Seeds rubbed upon Warts, Wens, or fuch like Excrefcences in whatever Part of the Body, eats and confumes them by little and little, and makes them fall off: The Seeds pro¬ voke the monthly Courfes, and caufe an eafy and fpeedy Delivery. The Deco&ion of the Leaves with Cum¬ min, fays Mattbiolus, breaks and expels the Stone, and kills the Worms generated in the Inteftines. TABLE XLVI. Fig. 2. GENUS IX. Gynogloflum, Hounds-Tongue, T$ a Plant with a Flower of one fingle . Leaf A, fhaped like a Funnel, and cut intofeveral Segments, out of whofe Flower- Cup C, the pointal D fifes, fixed like a Nail in the bottom Part of the Flower B, which changes afterwards into a Fruit E, compofed of four Cells or Capfules H IK, rough for the mod Part, and containing a Bat Seed G, affixed to a pyramidal and qua¬ drilateral Placenta F. Its Species are. The greater common Hounds-Tongue, Cynoglojfum majw, vulgare C. B. Pin. 257. Cynoglofum vulgare. J.B. 3 . 598 . Cynoglojfum Dod. Pempt. 54. The Root is black without, white with¬ in, thick, refembling a fmall Raddifh, of a ftrong heavy Smell, and an infipid fwcet- ifh Tafte: The Stalks are about three Foot high, branched, hollow when old, and very woolly: The Leaves in the firft Year are long and fomewhat broad, but in the fecond when it fhoots its Stalk, narrow, fharp-pointed, hoary, foft, woolly, and of a ftrong unpleafant Smell:. The Flowers are like thofe of the Buglofs of the Shops, e * of a fordid red Colour, compofed of one fingle Leaf, divided into five Segments; they ftand m a hairy Flower-Cup cut into five Parts: They are fucceeded by a Fruit compofed of four Capfules, with one fingle Cavity, fomewhat flat and rough,. cleaving faft to any Garment, and containing one Seed only: The Leaves grow alternately upon the Stalk, without Footftalks: It flowers in June, and grows commonly in moft places of our Country in wafte and uncultivated Grounds, efpecially fudi as are of a fat Soil, and by the Sides of the Highways and Hedges. The Plant which Columna names Cyno- glofa vulgaris , is altogether different from this which we have defcribed ,* it is diftin- guifhed, not only by its Leaves, which are whiter, and as it were covered with a filken Down, but by its Flowers, very well defcribed by Columna , Clufius , and Morifon : The Flower is whitifh at firft, fays Gufius ftreaked with fome fmall purplifh Veins* which afterwards change to a blue Colour • we mull therefore refer the CynogloJJa vulga¬ ris of Columna , and the Cynoglojfum folio molli, incano , fiore caruleo , firiis rubris varie- gato of Morijon. H. Reg. Blef. to the Cyno- glojfum Creticum , latijolium fmidum of Cafpar Bauhin, Pin. 257. This Species grows com¬ monly in Provence , Languedoc , in Spain and Italy , by the Sides of the Highways, fb that it is needlefs to feek it fo far as Candy. Tournefort Hifi. des Plantes , &c. The greater common Hounds-Tongue with a white Flower, Cynoglojfum majw. vulgare , fiore albo C. B. Pin . 257. The greateft Belgic Hounds-Tongue, Cy- naglojfum maximum , Belgjcum C. B. Pin. 257. Cynoglojfum maximum. Lob Ob/. 313 . It is cultivated in Gardens in Holland ; in its Leaves, Flowers, and Seeds, and in all its Parts, it is twice larger than the common Sort; owing perhaps folely to the richnefi of the Soil. The greateft mountain Hounds-Tongue, Cynoglojfum montamm , maximum : CynogloJJa montana , maxima , frigidarum regionum , the greateft mountain Hounds-Tongue of the cold Climates, of Columna , Part 1. 1 63 . Defcript. Jeon. 175. It has many large, but hairy and foft Leaves, above a Foot long, and a Hand- breadth The Comfleat Herbal. i *3 breadth broad, of * whitifh green Colour, each whereof has the middle Rib or Nerve reddilh, and many Veins running oblique¬ ly, and a reddilh rootftalk: Thofe which are older tie bending upon the Ground, but the middle ones ftand more upright: From among thefe rifes a thick, hollow, cftanelfedv readiffi, woolly, or hairy Stalk, above two Foot high, well ftored on all Sides with fuch-like Leaves as the firft, which rife immediately from the Root, but Rill decreafing in bignefi to the Top, where it divides into four or five Branches of Flowers (landing all on one fide, yet forming at the firft a round Head, beauti¬ ful to the Eye for the variety of Colours which dlttinguifti it; for the Flower-Cups are green, the Flowers of a purplifti Red, the Threads yellow, and the intermediate little Leaves diftinguiftied with reddilh Nerves : The Flowers are fucceeded by lar¬ ger Seed than in any of the former Species, four ufually together, which on the upper- fide are flat, circled about with a few fhort Prickles, by means whereof it cleaves faft to Garments: The Root is about a Foot in length, an Inch and a half thick, black- iih without, and fomewhat of a whitifh Colour within t It grows only in cold Cli¬ mates, or upon the high Appennine Moun¬ tains. Mountain Hounds-Tongue,with a green- ifh Leaf, and a larger Flower, Cynoglojfum montanum , vkente folio , majore fore : Cyno- glojft media , altera , virente folio, rubro fore, montana, frigidarum regionum Column . Part i. 176. Defcript. Icon . 170. The Flowers of this Species are twice larger and broader than thofe of the com¬ mon Hounds-Tongue. Mountain Hounds-Tongue, with a green Leaf, and a fmaller Flower, Cynoglojfum montanum, virente folio, minore fore ; £jty~ glojja folio virenti jF. B. 3. 600. Hounds-Tongue with a globous Flower^ gionum , narrow - leaved hoary mountain Hounds-Tongue of Colwnna. Part 1. 173. This Species has many foft, woolly or hoary, long and narrow Leaves, (landing upright* and not lying upon the Ground; they are half a Foot long, and an Inch broad in the Middle, but fmall at both ends, the middle Rib and Footflalk are both reddilh: The Stalk rifes more than half a Foot in height, and is fo thickly co¬ vered with fuch like Leaves as thofe which (hoot from the Root, that no part of it apt- pears to the Eye; each of thefe Leaves are more hairy and woolly, and compafs the Stalks at the Bottoms, aud are (harp-point¬ ed : At the Top of the Stalk (lands a round hoary Head, about the Size of an Apple, which opening and difclbfing, (hows many woolly Leaves with red Ribs (landing at the Foot of the Branches, and Stalks of Flowers, which are of a Vermilion red: The Husks or Flower-Cups are larger and more woolly, and are more laid open like a Star; they ftand on both Tides of the Stalk, and not all on one Side: The Seed is fmall- er, and not fo rough as that of the Cyno - glojfa maxima , and nas a very fmall concave Centre: The Root is perennial, a Foot long, an Inch thick, naked, folid, covered with a blackifh Bark, has a woody Pith, and is of a moft unpleafant Tafte. Hounds-Tongue with an umbilicatedh Fruit, Cynoglojfum fruciu umbtiicato . C. Bl Pin . 2 %J. Cynoglojft altera, media , frulln ja> 7 t/Aa£ .i8tundo, acu¬ minate, flore luteo : Anagallis lutea nemorum. C. B. Pin. 252. Anagallis lutea , Nummularia fimilis J. B. 3. 370. Anagallis lutea Lob. Icon . 466. Low creeping Loofe-flrife with a roundiih pointed Leaf, and a yellow Flow¬ er, or yellow Pimpernel. It roots it felf by the help of numerous white or reddifh Fibres iffuing from the Joints: It fpreads feveral round, weak,red¬ difh Stalks, adorned with two Leaves at each Joint, oppofitely placed, fharper- pointed, and fmaller than thofe of the Mo¬ ney-wort, like unto thofe of duckweed* or the Male Pimpernel, fmooth, and of a (hining Colour underneath, fupported by fhort Footflalks: The Flowers (hoot forth fingly from the Bofom of the Leaves, upon oblong Footflalks; they are yellow, and compofed of one fingle Leaf cut deeply into five (harp-pointed Segments, in form and bignefs rel’embling thofe of the com¬ mon Pimpernel: The Seed-Veflel is round and fmall, encompafled with the five little (harp-pointed Leaves of the Flower-Cup: It grows in the Woods, and flowers after Midfummer. Lyfimachia annua, minima , Polygoni folio : Linttm minimum, flellatum C. B. Pin. 214. Prodr. 107. Bot. Monfp . The finalJefl an¬ nual Looie-ftrife, with a Knot-grafs Leaf, or dwarf wild Flax, with flarred Flowers. The whole Plant is fcarce three Inches high, the Root is (lender like a Hair, and whitifh: It has one or two very fleuder Stalks: The Leaves are fhort, and terminate in a Point exquifitely (harp; among which the Flowers rife, of a pale green Colour, and fafhioned fo as to referable a Star, com¬ pofed of five little Rays, furrounding a little Circle or middle Bols. Lyfimachia orient alis, lutea, cane fee ns & villofa: Yellow oriental Loofe-flrife, hoary and hairy. Lyfimachia orient alis, lutea , flore maximo * Yellow oriental Loofe-flrife with the laic- eft Flower. Lyfimachia orient alis, anguftifolia , flore pur- pureo: Narrow-leaved oriental Looie-ftrife, with a purple Flower, The following Plants are to be excluded from this Germs 1 i oo The Compleat Herbal. Lyfimachia lutea , corntculata C. B . Pin. 245. It is a Species of the Onagra, or Rofe-bay Willow-herb: Lyfimachia filiquofa fpecies C. B. They are to be ranked under the Cha- m&nerion: Lyfimachia fpicata purpurea , /or/e Plinii C. B. Pin . 24.6. It’s a Species of the Salic aria: Lyfimachia fpicata t carulea C. B. Pin. 246. It is a Species of the Vsronica or Speedwell. Lyfimachia rubra , /jo/* filiquofa C. B. 246. It feems to be a Species of the Salic aria. Lyfimachia linifolia , purpureo * cartilea C. B. 246. This ought perhaps to be efteemed a Species of the Salic aria. Lyfima¬ chia carulea, galericulata vel gr at iota earn- lea C. B. Pin. 246. It is a Species of the Caf- fida. Lyfiwachus , fays Pliny , difeovered the Herb Lyfimachia , whofe Name it retains. The firft Species, or the yellow Willow- herb, is a vulnerary Plant, but rarely ufed. Lyfimachia humifufa , folio rot and tore, flore luteo : Nummularia major , C. /?. Num- mularia five Centimorbia J. B. &c. Money¬ wort, or Herb Two-pence: The Leaves of this Species are fomewhat fharp, or fowrifh and ftyptic, and give a deep Tin&ure of Red to the blue Paper: An Acid abounds in the Money-wort, and being mixed there with fome Earth, produces an aluminous Salt, involved in a fmall Quantity of Oil; fo that this Plant is highly aftringent, and an excellent Vulnerary: Gameranus affirms it of excellent ufe in the Scurvy, boiled with Milk : Tragus advifes to boil it with Wine and Honey, and to give the Deco- dion to thofe that have an Ulcer in the Lungs, he recommends it too in Dyfente- ries, Lofles of Blood, and for the Cure of the Whites: Fuchfius preferibes the Herb applied by way of Cataplaim for the dry¬ ing of Ulcers: And Matthiolus ays it is fmgularly beneficial for the Cure of Rup¬ tures in Children. TABLE XLVIII. Fig. 2. GENUS II. Anagallis, Pimpernel, JS a Plant with a Flower of one fingle A Leaf A, fhaped like a Wheel, and cut 2 into feveral Segments: The pointal C, which is fixed like a Nail in the middle of the Flower B, rifes out of the Flower- Cup D, and changes as the Flower decays into a Fruit or Shell almoft round E, which when ripe opens tranfverfiy into two Parts G F, one whereof lies incumbent upon the other, inclofing Seeds H, for the moft Part angular I, adhering to the Placenta K. Its Species are, Anagallis Phozniceo flore C. B. Pin. 252. A- nagallis Phcenicea , was J. B. 3. 369. Ana¬ gallis mas Dod. Pempt . 32. Male Pimpernel with a red Flower. The Root is white, fmall and fibrous: The Stalks are weak, and lie l'pread upon the Ground, a Hand-breadth, or half a Foot in length, lquare, fmootb, having two Leaves oppofitely placed at each Joint* like to thofe of the middle Chickweed, without Footftalks, marked underneath with many little Spots, from a red inclin¬ ing to a blackifti Colour: The Flowers fhoot fingly from the Bofoms of the Leaves, leaning upon oblong {lender Footftalks, they are compofed of one fingle Leaf, di¬ vided into five fharp Segments, and ftand in Flower-Cups confifting of five narrow oblong Leaves: The feminal Vefiels are al¬ moft fpherical, fufficiently large in propor¬ tion to the Size of the Plant, which when ripe open horizontally into two Parts: It grows commonly almoft every where in Meads, Corn fields, and in Gardens, with¬ out any culture; and flowers about Mid- fummer, dying every Year after it has ri¬ pened its Seed. Anagallis Phcenicea, foliis amplioribus , ex adverfo quaternis Raii , Synop. 205. Pimpernel with red Flowers, and larger Leaves, four together oppofitely placed. Anagallis caruleo flore C. B. Pin. 252. A- nagallis carulea , feemina J. B. 3. 369. Ana¬ gallis famina Dod. Pempt. 32. Female Pim¬ pernel with a blue Flower. It differs in nothing from the former, but in the Colour of its Flower: It grows commonly every where almoft in Italy and France , but is rarely found in England , tho* Parlinfon fays that it grows near Battle by Oxford , and plentifully in Rummy Marfh, The Compleat Herbal. i$i Marfh, at Higham - Ferrari, Artilborow , Raundes in Northamptonjhire , and at Beconf- field in Buclinghamjhire . AnAgallis carulea , foliis binis, ternifve ex adverfo nafcentibus C. B. Pin . 252. Anagallis tenuijolia Monnelli , Cluf. App . rf/i. Lib. V I. Blue Pimpernel with two or three Leaves at each Joint oppofitely placed. Anagallis fatmina, flore ferrugineo H. Eden- Female Pimpernel with a rufty co¬ loured Flower. Anagallis floribus obfolete purpureis Park. Theat. $58. Anagallis purpurafcente flore Cluf. Hifi . CLXXXIII. Pimpernel with Flowers of a worn-out red Colour. Anagallis floribus carmis Pari. Theat. 558. Pimpernel with Flowers of a blufti or in¬ carnate Colour. Anagallis flore albo C. B. Pin. 252. Anagal¬ lis fcemina, flore albo H. Edenb. Anagallis ter - reflris, flore albo Rail , Synop . 206. Pimpernel with a white Flower. Anagallis Hifpanica, latifolia, maximo flore. Anagallis exotica, rfwp/o flore, caruleo Brofs : Broad-leaved Spanifh Pimpernel, with a large Flower. - Anagallis Lufttanica , folio rotundiore: Pim¬ pernel of Portugal , with a rounder Leaf. Anagallis Lufttanica, latifolia, flore : Broad-leaved Pimpernel of Portugal , with a fmall Flower. Anagallis Lufttanica, linaria folio, major : The greater Pimpernel of Portugal, with a Toad-flax Leaf. Anagallis Lufltanica, linaria folio angu/liore : Pimpernel of Portugal, with a narrower Toad-flax Leaf. Anagallis puftlla feu omnium minima Mo- rif. Hifi. Oxon. Part 2. 569. the lead or fmalleft Pimpernel. Anagallis minima, maritima , Gallo-pro - vincialis, folio rotundiore: The fmalleft Pim¬ pernel with a rounder Leaf, growing upon the Sea-Coafls in Provence. Anagallis Cretica, vulgari fimillima, flore lutco: Pimpernel of CWy with a yellow Flower, very like to the common Pim¬ pernel. The Species of the Anagallis aquatic*, or Water Pimpernel C. B. Pin . 252. are to be excluded from this Genus , and ranked un¬ der the Samolus or the fferonica. The firft Species, or the hlale Pimpernel with a red Flower, is what is commonly ufed in the Shops: ft has a ftyptic faltifh Tafte, and gives a confiderable TinPture of Red to the blue Paper: The Fruit reddens itftillmore; which gives ground to con¬ jecture that the Salt of this Plant approaches near in Nature to the Terra foliata Tartari Mulleri: Tragus fays, that a Glafs of the Wine in which this Herb has been gently boiled, is an excellent Remedy againft the Plague, provided that the Patient keeps in Bed, and don't interrupt the Sweat which enlues upon taking of this £>eco< 5 tion; he preferibes this Remedy to thofe that have been bit by a Viper, or by a mad Dog, and advifes them at the fame Time to wafh the Wound therewith, and then apply the Herb externally : Inftead of the Decoction of Pimpernel, we may ufe its Juice, which the fame Author highly efteems in a Drop- fy, and in ObftruPtions of the Liver and Reins, for it helps to expel the Stone with¬ out any confequent Inconvenience: Hart¬ man, Mynficht, Rolfincius, Michael, Willis 7 and feveral other Authors extol the ufe of this Plant in a Mania or Madnels, as alfo in the Delirium confequent upon continual Fevers; in which cales we may ufe either its Deco&ion or TinPture drawn by the Spirit of Wine: The ExtraPt of this Plane has the like Virtues; we may mix it with that of St. John’s-wort in an Epilepfy : Simon Paulli tells us, that a Cataplafm or this Herb boiled in Urine, is an ufual Re¬ medy in his Country for goutilh Pains in the Feet. The Pimpernel is moderately hot and dry, conlequently efteemed a good vulne¬ rary Plant, both for external and internal Ufe, for which purpofes either its Dece¬ ption or diftilled Water is employed. In all Diftempcrs of the Lungs it is look’d upon by lome Authors as a Very ef¬ fectual Remedy: In a Phthifis, Ulcer or Impoftume of the Lungs, fetid and puru¬ lent Spitting, the diftflled Water of the male Pimpernel mixed with an equal Quan¬ tity of red Cow’s Milk, and fweetened with a little Sugar, is preferibed by them to be taken Morning and Evening to the Quantity ©f twelve Spoonfuls, and con- V firmed ip2 The Compleat Herbal firmed an admirable Medicine by repeated fuccefsful Experience. A certain Woman at Paris cured many of SufFufions, Films, Pins or Webs in the Eye, with the diflilled Water of this Plant. Ray. TABLE XL1X. fig. i. GENUS III. Samolus, Round leaved Water Pirn- , » I S a Plant with a Flower of one Tingle Leaf A, (liaped-like a Wheel, and cut into (everal Segments: The Pointal C, fix¬ ed like a Nail in the Centre of the Flower B, riles out of the Flower-Cup D, and afterwards conjoining and uniting with the Fiower-Cup, changes into a Fruit or Shell E, opening at the Top F, and inclofing Seeds G, for the molt Part very fmall and minute. I know but one Species of the Samolus. Samolus Valerandi J. B . 3. 791. Anagallis aquatica, folio rotundo, non crenato C. B. Pin , 252. Anagallis aquatica,Jertia Lob. Icon. 467. Round-leaved Water Pimpernel. The Roots of this Plant are white and fibrous: The Leaves which rife immediate¬ ly from the Roots, are narrow at the Bot¬ tom, from whence they gradually widen and dilate, terminating in a round Point, about two Inches long, one Inch broad, of a pale green Colour, not in the leaft notch¬ ed or infe&ed round the Edges, thick and fmooth: The Stalks are half a Foot or a Span high, (lender, ftiff, round, upon which, grow Leaves in an alternate order without Footfialks, (horter and rounder than thofe that ftand next to the Root 5 at the Top the Stalks divide into Branches: At tire Tops of the Stalks and Branches the Flow ers rife fingly upon Footftalks half an Inch long: At the Origine of the Footflalks from the‘Stalk there is no leaf placed, but upon, the Footflalk it felf at a little Di- liance from the Flower, there is always one a Leaf: The Flowers are fmall and of a white Colour, compofed of one Tingle Leaf di¬ vided into five broad Segments: The Seed- Veflels are round, full of a fmall Seed, of a brownifli Colour when ripe: The Tafie of the Plant is bitter: It delights in marfhy Grounds, and flow r ers in June. The Samolus differs from the LyfmackU or L^ofe-ftrife, not only in the Form of its Flower; but alfo in its Fruit, compofed of the Flower-Cup and Pointal conjoined. TABLE XLIX. Fig. GENUS IV. Veronica, Speedwell or Fluellw , a Plant with a Flower of one fingle Leaf A, (haped like a Wheel, and cut into feveral Segments: The Pointal D, which is fixed like a Nail in the middle of the Flower B, riles out of the Flower-Cup C, and afterwards, as the Flower decays, changes into a membranous Fruit E G, di¬ vided into two Cells F H, enclosing .Tome- times fmall Seeds K, fometimes Seeds larger and thicker I. Its Species are, Vironic a mas, fupina & vulgatiffima C. B. Pin. 246. Vrronica vulgatior , folio rotundiore. J.B. 3.282. Veronica mas ferpens Dodon. Pempt. 40. Male Speedwell or Fluellin. Its viny Stalks lie flat upon the Ground, and as they creep along emit from their Joints feveral Fibres or Roots: They are (lender, round, long, hairy, and full of Joints, having two Leaves oppofitely placed at each Joint, hairy, and toothed like a Saw round the Edges, and of a bitter and (harp Tafte: The Flowers grow in Spikes after the manner of thofe of the baftard Ger¬ mander, they are compofed ©f one fingle Leaf cut into foujc Segments of a pale bluifh Purple, and flreaked, with Stamina or Threads of the fame Colour in their Middle: They are Succeeded by Seeds like thofe of the baftard Germander, inclofed in Cells, refembling thofe of the Shepherd’s Purfe: It grows plentifully in dry paflu- rage .j-ff. Samolus. Rcrundrleaif&is, Pacer PWTvp-rrncLj. > 7 *. / . Sf\ O P a f • zg'Z. Veronica. yfoet/imMor SFLadltrv. H ~pa~2T A ^y-3 ■ b «P> /* The Compleat Herbal. rage Grounds and Heaths, upon funny Banks and in Tandy Soils: It Bowers in the Summer. Veronica mas, repens, Pyrenaica , folio Ion - giori, glabro, Schol. Bot. Pink. Phytog. Tab, 233. Fig. 1. Veronica mas, eretla C. B. Pin . 246. Ve- ronica affurgens Dod. Pempt. 40. Upright male Speedwell or Fluellin. John Bauhin reckons it the fame with the firft; and indeed, fays Mr. Ray, if you confider either the Figures or Delcriptions that are given of it, youl find but very lit¬ tle difference: It is (aid to have more up¬ right Stalks; Gerard however, fays they creep, and its Leaves more indented, (the Figure neverthelefs reprelents fewer Inci- fions) long and narrow towards the Tops of the Stalks: Its Flowers and Seed-Vef- fels are fmaller. Veronica fpicata, latifolia C. B. Pin, 24 6. Veronica major, latifolia, foliis fplendentibus & non fplendentibus J, B, 3. 283. Veronica I, ereUior, latifolia, Cluj. Hifi, 346. Great broad-leaved fpiked Speedwell or Fluellin. It rifes with Stalks a Foot and a half or two Foot high, not much branched, but full of joints or Knots, at each whereof ftand two Leaves oppofitely placed, two or three Inches long, one Inch broad, thick, of a dark green Colour, and finning; fome- what, but almoft imperceptibly, notched, of Tafte highly drying and afiringent, ac¬ companied with fome Sharpnefs: At the Top of the Stalk the Flowers grow, fet thick together in Spikes, in form like to thofe of the upright Speedwell, but of a pa¬ ler Colour, beginning to blow and dilclofe from the Bottom of the Spike: The Seed is fmall and of a brownifh Colour, enclofed in flat Husks: The Root is thick and fi¬ brous, fending up yearly new Stalks from its Sides. There is a Variety of this Species, which does not exceed a Foot and a half in height, very much branched at the Top, whofe Leaves are as large and thick as thofe of the other, but they neither fhine nor are of fo dark a Colour. There is (fill another variety not unlike to the Second, whofe Leaves are more con- fpicuoufly notched or toothed, and its lit¬ tle Branches bear longir Spikes of Flowers, in other Things it agrees: They both tafie like the firft. This Species, with its Varieties, is found upon many of the woody Mountains of Hungary, and at the Roots of the Alps of Stiria and Auftria , and delights in the Shade. Veronica fpicata, flore purpureo Morif H. R, Blef, Spiked Speedwell with a purple Flower. Veronica fpicata, angujlifolia C, B. Pin. 246. V°.ronica major, angujlifolia, caulibus viridibus J, B, 3. 284. V°.ronica 11 , ereUior, angujlifolia. Cluf Hifl. 34 6. It has a fibrous Root (hooting obliquely into the Earth, which fends up an upright Stalk, fometimes only four Inches high, fometimes a Foot or a Foot and a half in height, and fometimes it rifes much higher, Angle for the moil Part, adorned with Leaves at the Joints narrower and fharper- pointed than thofe of the common Speed¬ well, gently notched, hairy, and fomewhat broad at bottom : The Stalk terminates in a long Spike, Angle for the moft part in Ap¬ pearance, fometimes thickly deck'd with blue Flowers, like thofe of the common Speedwell, opening and difclofing by De¬ grees from the Bottom of the Spike to the Top; and when they drop, they leave be¬ hind them long Render Stamina or Threads: The Seed is contain’d in flat Husks divided into two Parts. John Bauhin is of Opinion that the great¬ er lpiked Speedwell differs only in bignefs from the fmaller: Clujjus and Lobel confti- tute it a different Species: The one, lays Clnjiw, is greater, and has broader Leaves, and a longer Spike of Flowers: The other is fmaller* has a flenderer and (hotter Stalk, narrower Leaves, and a lefl'er Spike: Mr. Ray fays he would not, without necef- fity, multiply Species, and therefore, with John Bauhin, he modeftly affirms they are not fpecifically different. Cafpar Bauhin does not diftinguifti the Veronica fecunda, erettior, angujlifolia, the fecond narrow-leaved and more upright Speedwell of Clufms , from the Veronica reft a, vulgaris major, the greater common upright Speedwell of the fame Author: And John Bauhin affirms that the Veronica fecunda, ma¬ jor , angujlifolia of Clufius, is much the fame C c witk i £4 Comfleat Herbal. with his Veronica fpicata retta. Gafins thus delcribes it, Its Root is fibrous, and propagates it felf from its Sides, fending up every Year new Steins about a Foot and a half high, upright, green, and as it werediffinguifhed into Knots and Joints: At each Joint grow two oblong Leaves oppofitely placed, very like thofe of the blue Loofe-ftrife, but thicker and lefs indented, of a difagree- able aftringent Tafle accompanied with fome Sharpnefs: The Branches terminate in Spikes of little blue Flowers, Angle- leafed, but cut into four Segments, having in their Centre two little Stamina or Threads with a final 1 Pointal: The Seed is contain¬ ed in flat Veflels divided into two Parts, but fomewhat fwelling and foft, in fafhion like a Pillow or Cufhion, it is very final 1, and of a brownifh red Colour: It is found diverfified in its Leaves, which in fome are a little Broader, and in its Stalks lefs branched, and in its Spike, which carries Flowers of a paler Colour: It grows in the fame Places with the Veronica prima y ere - clior, latijolia of Gafins ; and flowers at the fame Time. Vironica fpicata , longifolia : Lyfimachia fpicata , car ale a C. B. Pin. 24 6 . Vironic a fpi¬ cata, reUa , profunde ferrata, quam Lyfima- chium caraleum quid am vocant . J.B. 3. 284. Pfeadolyfimacbium caraleam Dod. Pempt. 86. Long* leaved fpiked Speedwell, upright and deeply indented, or blue fpiked Loofe- flrife. The Stalk is a Foot and a half high, round, fmooth, fhooting out three or more Leaves from each Joint at certain Intervals, like to the Leaves of Sneeze-wort, tw r o or three Inches long, and broad as a Stalk or Stem of Corn, deeply indented, and fmooth: The Spike is long and deck’d with Flowers clofely heaped together, of a blue Colour, leaving behind them when they drop their long flender Threads: They are fucceeded by many little fmall Purfes, which enclofe minute Seeds: The Root is fmall and fi¬ brous, but not creeping, fending up yearly from its Head new fhoots, by. which it propagates it felf with wonderful encreafe : It grows in feveral Parts of Hungary ,and in *he Countreys bordering upon Aufiria and Stiria y either near to Rivulets, or in moun¬ tainous Meadow Grounds, as Gafins writes. Veronica fpicata, minor C. B. Pin. 247. Ve¬ ronica fpicata , reft;a, minor J. B. 3. 282. Ve¬ ronica retta, minima Gaf Hifi. 347. The fmaller fpiked Speedwell. Veronica parva, faxatilis , caalicalis nadis Raii Hifi. 846. Veronica Alpina , pumila,\ caale aphyllo. Bocc. Maf Part 2. 17. Tab. 1. and 9. Small Rock Speedwell with naked Stalks. It fpreads it felf after the fame manner that the Cotyledon altera of Matthiolns , or the Sedam firratum. According to Gafins, from the fame Heads in which its‘little Roots unite, it fends divers little Branches in a Round, like the elegant Spring Gentian, which Jie flat upon the Ground, and bear four or fix Leaves alternately oppofite, but fo clofely heaped together that they feem to fhoot from the fame Origine* they are fmall, roundifh, hairy, and notched about the Edges: From the middle of the Leaves, as in the Sedum ferratam or indented Houfe- Leek, rifes a little Stalk, two or three In¬ ches high, round, very flender, and bare of Leaves, bearing fome Flowers at its Top; not two only, as Clafius writes, but five, fix, or more, like thole of the Baflard-Ger- mander or Speedwell, of a blue or alh Co¬ lour, confifling of one Angle Leaf, divided into four Segments: At the Footftalk of each Flower is placed one Angle oblong Leaf: The feminal Veflels are large, flat, and divided into two Parts: Mr. Ray found it growing plentifully upon Thairi, one of the Tops of the Mountain Jura*, and C/«- fias upon the Top of Sneberg. Veronica pratenfis , ferpyUifolia C. B. Pin. 247. Vironic a joemina qaibafdam, aliis Beto - nica Pauli ferpyUifolia J.B. 3. 285. Veroni¬ ca pratenfis Dod. Pempt. 41. Meadow Speed¬ well, with Leaves like thofe of the Mother of Thyme. It lends downwards into the Earth ma¬ ny long, flender, white Fibres: Its little Stalks and Branches lie reclined, and (hoot out Roots fr«m their Joints as they creep along: Some of its little Stalks rife upright to the Height of half a Hand-breadth, ora Hand - breadth, flender and jointed: At each Joint two Leaves fland oppoAte, like ^ thole The Commie at Herbal. ip5 thofe of the Mother of Thyme, oblong, roundifh, and fometimes a little notched: The Flowers rife fingly upon a (lender and fhort Foot (talk from the Bofoms of the higher Leaves; they are beautiful, without fmell, fingle-leaved, and cut into four Segments or feeming Leaves, three whereof are blue or whitlfli and (freaked, the fourth is lefs than the others, and whitifh, with¬ out any Streaks: The Threads which Band in the Middle of the Flower are white, and the Chives blue : They are fucceeded by little Bladders or Husks, like thofe of the common Speedwell: It grows in Mea¬ dows and moift Grounds, in Woods and Tandy Soils: It flowers in the Months of May and June, and lives throughout the whole Year. Veronica was, Alpina , glabra , eretta, jo¬ ins par urn crenatis Bocc. Muf. Part 2. 17. Tab. 10. Male, upright, Mountain Speed¬ well, fmooth, having Leaves very little notched. Veronica minima , Clinopodii minoris folio, glabra , Romana , Bocc. Muf. Part 2. 19. Tab. 102. The fmailefl fmooth Roman Speedwell, with a Leaf like that of the lef- fer field Bafil. Veronica ferpylli cocbleato & lenticulari fo¬ lio, repens Bocc. Alufi Part 2. Tab. 32. Veronica Alpina, bellidis folio, hirfuta C. B. Pin. 247. Prodr. 116. Hairy, Mountain Speedwell with a Daifie Leaf. The Root is furnifhed with oblong blackiih Fibres, and creeps horizontally in the Earth: The little Stalk rifes half a Hand-breadth or a little more in height, is Tender, hard, flexible, and lies reclined: It has many Leaves next to the Root, in form refembiing thofe of the blue Daifie, final 1, roundflh, of a dark green Colour, hairy and thick; upon the Stalk there grow .but few, two together oppofitely placed : At the Tops of the little Stalks fiand feme blue Flowers, collected as it were into an Umbel, rifing out of final! hairy Cups, they are fingle-Jeaved, and cut into four or five Segments, containing within two Threads and a Pointal: The Seed lies en- clofed in Abort flat Veffels, the Pointal (hooting as it were out of the middle Bofs or Umbo; We found it, fays Mr. Ray, upon the Helvetian Alps, Vironic a Alpina frutefeens C. B. Pin. 247. Veronica faxatilis J. B. 2. 284. Veronica tertia, fruticans Cluf Hijt. 347. Shrubby mountain Speedwell. It rifes with many little twiggy Bran¬ dies, round and fmooth, at moft but one Hand-breadth and a half high: The Leaves are like thofe of the Mother of Thyme, but fomewhit longer, of a dark green Colour, notched here and there upon the Edges, fmooth, round-pointed, two always toge¬ ther oppofitely placed: The Tops of the Stalks are adorned with pretty large Flow¬ ers of a pale blue Colour, refembiing thofe of the common Baflard Germander: The Seed-Veflels are flat and fhaped like a Heart, like to thofe of the common creep¬ ing Speedwell: It grows upon the highefl Tops of the Mountain Jura , near to Thai* ri: Pona found it upon the Summits of Monte-baldo towards the Eaft. Veronica frutefeens , durior , oblongo Chama* dryos folio, Patavina Bocc. Muf Part 2. 18.. Tab. 10. Viironic a Alpina , fruticans , ferpylli minoris folio circinato . Pluk. Pbytog. Tab. 232. Fig. 6. Veronica petraa, fempervirens Pon . Bald, in fol. CCCXXXVI. Chamadrys Alpina , faxatilis C. B. Pin. 248. Veronica petrcea , fempervirens Pona, ad Chamedrym vulgarem falfam accedens J. B. 3. 289. Ever-green Rock Speedwell, or Rock Germander. It is a very low Plant, its little Twigs not exceeding half a Hand-breadth in height, upon which fprouts out a certain Wool or Down; the Leaves grow there¬ upon in Pairs, one ftill placed oppofitely to the other, in form very much refem¬ biing thofe of the lefler Germander; from among which, at the Tops of the little Stalks rife little oblong Flowers out of the bearded Cups, differing in form from thofe of the Veronica parva faxatilis cauliculis m- dis, for they are hollow, jagged round the Edges, and broader, but of a blue Colour; from their middle two little Stamina {hoot with a long Pointal: When the Flowers drop, there fol low's larger and thicker Husks, full of a finall Seed: The Root is fibrous and creeps near to the Surface: Clu - fins found it upon the Top of mount Etfi cher, and no where elfe. Ve- C c 2 io 6 The Comjjleat Herbal . Vironic a Aufiriaca , foliis tenuijfime lacinia- tis : Chamadrys Aufiriaca , /o/ih tenuiffme la - ciniatis C. B. Bin. 248. Prodr. 117. Cham a- drys fpuria, tenuiffme laciniata J.B. 287. Aufirian Speed we Ji, with Leaves finely jag¬ ged, or Auftrian Germander with jagged Leaves. This is a moft beautiful Species of the Germander: It rifes with Stalks a Foot high, lometimes more, round, (except the thicker ones, which at their lower part ap¬ pear fquare) firm, branched, and fomewhat woolly: The Leaves which ftand feveral together at each Joint, are finely and deep¬ ly jagged: The Extremities of the little Branches bear a Fruit fhaped like a Heart enclofed within a leafy Cup, which con¬ tains a fmall flat Seed of a light red Co¬ lour : The Root is thickifh, and furnifhed with many black Fibres. Cafpar Bauhin fays it bears bluifh Flowers difpoled in an oblong Spike. . Veronica maxima Lugd. n 65, Chamadrys fpuria , major , latifolia C. B. Pin. 248. The greatefl Speedwell, or the greater broad¬ leaved baftard Germander. Vironic a maxima, Pyrenaica , non ramofa : Veronica fen Chamadrys fpuria , latifolia y ma¬ jor y non ramofa, Pyrenaica Schol. Bot. Pluk. Phytog. Tab. 233. Fig. 2. The greatefl: un¬ branched Speedwell, or baftard Germander of the Pyrenees. Veronica major, frutefcens , altera Morif Hift. Qxon. Part 2. 319. Chamadrys fpuria , major, altera five frutejcens C. B. Pin. 248. Chamadrys falfa, maxima, an Teucrium pri- mum, Jeu majus Pannonicum Clufio J. B. 3. 286. Teucrium quantum Cluf. Hi ft. 349. The greater fhrubby Speedwell, or the greater ihrubby baftard Germander. It is nearly related to the common ba¬ ftard Germander in form and appearance, but in every refpedf much greater: The Leaves are long, (harp-pointed and indent¬ ed, and ftand in Pairs upon the hairy Stalks: The Branches which fhoot out op- pofttely, bear a long Spike of Flowers, like to that of the common Germander, but greater j the Flowers are Succeeded by flat Vtft'els or Husks, partitioned into two Parts : It grows in the woody Parts of Ger¬ many, and about Geneva. Clufius defcribes his Teucrium quarttm with Stalks a Foot and a half high, qua¬ drangular, and fomewhat hairy, Leaves like thole of the common baftard German¬ der, two always together in oppofition, in¬ dented round the Edges, and of a bitter Tafte, with blue Flowers in long Spikes riling from the Bofbms of the upper Leaves* the higheft whereof is fomewhat broad and diftinguifhed with Veins: The Root, fays he, is fibrous and long-lived, producing new Stalks every Year, which from their loweft Part emit new* Roots, and fo pro¬ pagate. Vironic a ftpina , facie Teucrii pratenfis Lob. Jeon. 473. Chamadrys fpuria , angufti- folia J. B. 3. 295. Chamadrys fpuria , ma¬ jor, angufiifolia C. B. Pin. 249. Germander like Speedwell, or narrow-leaved baftard Germander. From the fame (lender but long, creep¬ ing, lignous and fibrous Root, it lends up many little Twigs or Stalks which lie fpread upon the Ground, lometimes fomewhat erebted, (lender, round, hairy, and woody, about a Hand-breadth or a Span in length; whereupon the Leaves grow in Pairs at certain Intervals, oblong, and indented : The Stalks near their Extremities divide in¬ to Lome few Branches, fuftaining a Spike of blue Flowers, which don't all open and difclofe at once, but gradually from the Bottom of the Spike upwards; the Stamina or Threads are of the fame Colour with the Flowers, and the Pointal very (lender: At the fhort and (lender Footftalks of the Flowers a thin oblong and green little Leaf is placed : It grows in Meadows near to Rivers, Rivulets, Ditches and Fountains, and Lometimes in Woods; and Flowers in June, July and Augufi : It grows naturally in England. Veronica minor , joliis imis rotundioribus Morif. Hift. Oxon. Part 2. 220. Chamadrys fpuria , latifolia J. B. 3. 286. Chamadrys fpuria, minor, rotundifolia C. B. Pin. 249. Teucrium pratenfe & fupinum , fpurium , Cha - madryoides Lob. Icon . 490. The lefler Speed¬ well, having its lowermoft Leaves fome¬ what round, or broad-leaved baftard Ger¬ mander. Veronica minor , feliis imis rotundioribus] The Compleat Herbal. 19 j flore albo. H. L. Bat. The letter Speedwell, having its lowermofl Leaves fomewhat round, and a white Flower. Veronica minor, angu/lifolia, ramofior & procumbent Mor if Hifi. Oxon. Part 2. 321. Chamadrys fpuria, minor angu/iifolia J. B. 3. 287. C, B. Pin. 249. The letter narrow-leav¬ ed baflard Germander. Vironic a multicaul is, Pannonica : Chamadrys fpuria, minor, latifolia C, B. Pin. 249. Cha- madryos falfa Jpecies,dTeucrium fecundum aut quintum Clufii J. B. 3. 286. Teucrium quan¬ tum Cluf. Hifi. 350. Hungarian Speedwell bearing many Stalks, or the letter broad¬ leaved baflard Germander. It fends up immediately from the Root many little Stalks about a Span long, lean¬ ing upon the Ground, and of a purplilli Colour: The Leaves hand thereupon alter¬ nately in Pairs, oppofite, in form and Co¬ lour like to thofe of the Germander, and indented round the Edges after the lame manner, but linaller; at firfl wlien tailed they dry the Tongue, leaving afterwards a certain Bitternefs: The Extremities of the Stalks dividing into Branches, bear nume¬ rous Flowers growing in Spikes, ccmpoled of four Teeming Leaves, whereof that which Hands highefl is broader and larger than the refl: From the Centre two little Threads rife with a Pointal (hooting from the Mid¬ dle ; they are either of an elegant Blue, or of a paler Blue, and as it were an afh Co¬ lour; when they drop they are fucceeded by little flat Husks enclofing a final 1 red- difh Seed : The Root is fibrous, and lives long, (hooting forth yearly new Stalks, which fometimes emit Fibres near to the Root: It grows in all dry uncultivated Soils, and gratty Eminencies near to the high Roads of the lower Aufiria. Vironica tetragona, montana, reEla , mini¬ ma. Col. Part 1. 289. Chamadrys fpuria, la¬ tifolia, minima C. B. Pin. 249. The finallelL broad-leaved bgflard Germander. Vironica fupina, Teucrii folio : Chamadri fpurU afflnis rotundifolia , fcutellata C. B. Pin. 249. Alyffum Diofcoridis montanum Col. Part 1. 28 [6. Wild Germander with Leaves Handing upon long Footflalks. Its Roots are compofed of many fmall long Fibres: The Stalks are round, hairy, Lender, reclined upon the Ground, here and there emitting Roots, and adorned at certain Intervals with two Leaves at a Place, oppofitely difpofed upon Footflalks half an Inch long, rough, with a long whitifli hairy Covering, indented round the Edges with large Teeth, lhorter, and of a paler Colour than thofe of the common baftard Germander : The Flowers rife from the Bofoms of the Leaves, and grow in Spikes, more thinly dilpofed (three or four upon a very (lender and hairy Footflalk) upon Footflalks half an Inch long, (ingle- leafed, but divided into four Segments al- mofl to the Bottom, of a pale Purple or Blue, and flreaked with Lines of a deeper Colour: They are fucceeded by a flat Fruit compofed of two little oval Hmks (Taped like a Buckler, joined at the Sides, and hairy round the Edges, having two Leaves placed upon each Side of their Bale, and containing within in each Divifion five or or fix flat yellow Seeds: It grows in Eng¬ land in moift woody Grounds, efpecially near to Brooks or Rivulets. Verotrica flofculis cauliculis adharentibus Motif Hijl. Oxon. Part 2. 325. Alfine Vero¬ nica foliis, flofculis cauliculis adharentibus C. B. Pin. 250. Alfine ferrat0 folio, hirfutiori , flofculis & loculis cauliculis adharentibus J. B. 3. 367. Speedwell Chickweed. Veronica aquatic a, major, folio fubrotundo Mor. Hifi. Oxon. Part 2. 323. Anagallis aqnatica, major, folio fubrotundo C. B. Pin . 252. Berula five Anagallis aquatica Tabern. Icon. 719. Anagallis aquatica , folio rotundiore, major J. B. 3. 791. The greater Water Speedwell with a roundifh Leaf, or the greater round-leaved Brooklime. Vironic a aquatica, minor, folio fubrotundo : Anagallis aquatica , minor, folio fubrotundo C. B. Pin. 252. Anagallis aquatica, flore earn* leo, folio rotundiore, minor f.B.%. 790. The letter Water Speedwell with a roundifh Leaf, or common Brooklime. Vironic a aquatica , major, folio oblengo Mor. Hifi. Oxon. Part 2. 323. Anagallis aquatica, major, folio oblongo C. B. Pin. 252. Anagallis aquatica , flore carulco , folio oblongo, ?7sajor J, B. 3. 791. Btrula major Tabern. Icon. yip. The greater Water Speedwell with a long Leaf, or the greater Water Pimpernel with a long Leaf and a blue Flower* rv iq8 The Compleat Herlal. Veronica aquatic a, minor, folio oblongo: Anagallis aquatic a, minor, folio oblongo C. B. Pin. 252. Anagallis aquatica, flore purpura- feente, folio oblongo , mi#or B. 3. 791. y 4 - nagallis aquatic a, minor, fecund a Taber n. Icon. 718. The leffer Water Speedwell with an oblong Leaf,or the lefier long-leaved Brook- Jime or Water Pimpernel. It roots it felf in the Earth by Fibres which fhoot from the joints of the Stalks : The Stalk is thick, round, and hollow : The Leaves Band in Pairs at each Joint of the Stalk, without Footftalks, fometimes there are found three at a Joint, they are long, narrow, notched round the Edges, and terminate in a fharp Point: The Flowers rife upon little Twigs, which fhoot out of the Wings or Bofoms of the Leaves, in loofe Spikes, of a pale purplifh 'Colour, fmali and fingle-leaved, cut into ■four Segments, and Band upon fhort Foot¬ ftalks, each whereof has a little Leaf placed at itsOrigine: The Cup is competed of four Leaves: The Seed-Veflels are divided into two Parts, like thofe of the Beccabunga, or common Brooklime, and are replenilh- ed with fmali Seeds: This Plant does not exceed a Foot in height: It grows by Rivu¬ lets or Brooks. Veronica aquatic a, repens, olea folio: Bec¬ cabunga Alpina, five Veronica glabra, Alpina, aquatica, olea folio, repens Bocc . Muf. Part 2. .22. Beccabunga Alpina, angufiifolia , repens ejufdem. Tab. 6. Creeping Water Speedwell with an Olive-Leaf. Veronica aquatica, anguftiori folio: Ana¬ gallis aquatica, angufiifolia, fcutellata C. B. Pin. 252. Angallis aquatica, angufiifolia' jF. B. 3.791. Water Speedwell, or Water ■Pimpernel with a narrow Leaf. It fixes it felf in the Earth by the means of many little fibrous Roots : The Stalks ;are a Hand-breadth and more in length ( John Bauhin fays they are a Foot and a half) round, weak and leaning upon the Ground, full of Joints, from which, as it creeps along, it emits Fibres or Roots, and fo propagates it felf: The Leaves are ob- Jong, narrow, fharp-pointed, and (land in Pairs at the Joints in oppofition one to the other, three or four Inches long, broad as a Stalk of Corn, with one Nerve running lengthways, fometimes found indented 1 round the Edges with Incifions fcarce per¬ ceptible, otherwife even and undivided, in Watery places fmooth, in dry Grounds hairy, as are the Stalks, and of a reddifh Colour fometimes: The Flowers rife upon little branchy Stalks fhooting from the Bo- foin of the Leaves, each upon proper and very flender Footftalks not half an Inch long, lmall, confining of one fingle Leaf cut deeply into four Segments, for the moll Part of a milky Colour, fometimes of a pale purplifh Colour, and are embraced by a Cup compofed of four Leaves: The Seed-Veflels are flat, divided into two Cells or Apartments, and enclofe finall Seeds: The Twigs which bear the Flowers fhoot for the molt part fingly, not two to¬ gether fpringing oppofitely from the Bo- loms of the Leaves, and carry but two Flowers; each Footflalk has a little Leaf placed at its Rile; the Plant has a grafiy Tafle: It grows in watery places and near to Rivulets, and in marihy Grounds and Ditches dried by the Summer’s Heat. Veronica nummularia folio, Pyrenaica: Speedwell with a Money-wort Leaf. V°.ronica Cymbal aria folio, verna : Alfine Hederulce folio C. B. Pin. 250. Alfines genua Fuchfio, folio hederuU hirfuto J. B. 3. 268. Alfine fpuria prior, five morfus galling Dodon, Pempt, 31. Spring Speedwell, with an Ivy-leaf, Ivy-Chickweed or fmali Hen- bit. Veronica fiofeulis oblongis pediculis infidenti - bus, Ckamadryos folio Morifi Hifi. Oxon. Part 2. 322. Alfine Chamadryfolia, fiofeulis pediculis oblongis infidentibus C. B . Pin. 250. Alfine ferrato folio, glabro J. B. 3. 366. Al¬ fine fpuria, altera Dod. Pempt, 31. Speed¬ well with a Germander Leaf, and little Flowers Banding upon long Footftalks, or Germander-Chickweed. Veronica fiofeulis pediculis oblongis infiden¬ tibus, Cham . I: Monnel . Lobe l. Illuflr. 113-. GlafihAda prim a dt Can-- dia. Pon. Bald. Ital. 114. Lencoinm fpinofum - P. Alp. Exot. 36. Leacoitm Creticum , fpino¬ fum, incamm , luteum. C. B. Pin. 201. Slirub- by and thorny Mullein o CCandy. Verbafcum Gracum, fruticofum , folio finua-. to, candidiJfiMo: Shrubby Mullein of Greece with a very white finuated Leaf. Verbafcum orient ale, candidijjimum, undu- latum, crifpum , ac veluti verrucofim. Verbafcum orientale, maximum, candidiffl-. mum, ramis Candelabrum amulantibm : The greateft and moft white oriental Mullein, with Branches fhaped like a Candieftick. Verbafcum orientale, conyz*a folio, flore mi- cant e, fferrugineo ad aureum color cm verge nte : Oriental Mullein with a Flea-bane Leaf, and a glittering or fhining Flower, from a rufty inclining to a golden Colour. Verbafcum orientale. Be tonic £ folio , flore magno: Oriental Mullein with a Betony Leaf and'a large Flower* Ver~ - The Compleat Herbal . Vzrbafcuw orient ale, angufto & oblongo fo¬ lio : Oriental Mullein with an oblong and narrow Leaf. Vtrbafeutn orient ode y foljis fubrotundis , can¬ did iffimis : Oriental Mullein, with very white roundifh Leaves. f^erbafc urn orient ale , Sophia folio : Oriental Mullein with a Flixweed Leaf. Some will have it that it is called Ver- bafcum, or rather Barbafcum , from that hoary Peard or Down wherewith the Leaves of the common Mullein are ufually covered. Tis the firft Species, ufually called the Thapfus Barbatnfj which is moft commonly ufed in the Shops: Its Leaves are of a fait* i(h and dyptic Tade; they fmell like El* der, and give a fufficient Tin&ure of Red to the blue Paper: The Flowers give it a deeper red Dye, they are likewife dyptic, but fweet: There is tome probability that the Salt of this Plant approaches in Lome Meafure to the Salt of Coral; but the Salt, of the white Mullein contains much of an Acid, and a little Salt-Armoniac, but unit¬ ed with a large Quantity of Sulphur and Earth; fo that it powerfully affwages Pain, and is an excellent vulnerary Plant. The Deco&ion of this Plant is ufed by fome in cholic Pains, in a Dyfentery and Diarrhaea : The Deco&ion of it in Milk is of ufe for the Cure of the Tenefmus and the Piles; two Cupfuls of it mud beta¬ ken inwardly each Day, part by way of Glyder and Fomentation; fome add there¬ to the Leaves of Oak and Silver-weed : To dop a Diarrhea, or cure a Dyfentery, the Terbafcum mud be boiled in that Water wherein the Biackfmiths extinguifh their hot Irons: It is affirmed that Aloes dif- iolved in the Juice of this Plant, and thickued afterwards to the Confidence of an Extrabf, does not in the lead irritate the Piles, nor occafion any Flux of Blood;. but it is more lafely corre&ed by diflolv- ing it in Water, and feparating by Filtra¬ tion that refinous Part which remains upon the Paper, and caufes thole violent Pains and Hemorrhages; the filtrated Solution is afterwards evaporated to the Confidence of an Ext rad: Tragus and Matthiolus affirm that the diddled Water of the Flowers of ibis Plant is excellent for the Cure of 4 Burnings, the Gout and St. AnthonyVFire and of all cutaneous Didempers: This lad Author prescribes a Catapiafm of the Leaves of this. Plant tqgether with thofe of Leeks, Yolks of Eggs, and fome .Crum of Bread, as effedlaaL for the Cure of the Piles when much fwelled and painful. According to Grembs the Tapf&s Barbatus is a Specific for the Cure of a Tympany. According to Schroder it is of chief Life in all Difeafes of the Bread, a Cough Spitting of Blood, and to adwage and re¬ move griping Pains of the Belly. Mr. Ray affirms that the Leaves of tile Vzrbafeum put between the naked Sole of the Foot and the Slice fame Days before the ufual return of the mendrual Purga¬ tion, gently move and bring down the Courfes. TABLE LI GENUS VIII. Blattaria, Moth-mdlew y HTHE Moth-mullein differs from the A Mullein in the form of its Fruit, which is more round K. Its Species are, Blattaria lutea , folio longo laciniato. C. B. Pin. 240. Blattaria . Dod. Peznpt. 145. Blat¬ taria lutea. J. B. 3. App. 874. Yellow Moth-mullein with a long jagged Leaf. It rifts with a drong and upright Stalk, dretching fometimes to the height of a Man, fmooth, about an Inch thick, and very much branched: The Flowers are dif- pofed upon the Branches in an alternate Order, lupported by hairy Footdalks above an Inch in length, of a deep yellow Co¬ lour, their Bottoms within are covered with a fine Down: The Threads too are downy, and are tipp’d with red Chives: The Seed-Veffels are round and open into two Parts; the Seed is black: At the Foot- dalk of each Flower is placed a fharp- pointed Leaf, an Inch and more in length: The other Leaves, which are very nume¬ rous, are narrower than thofe of the V'er- The Compleat Herbal 207 b'afcum, of a dark green Colour, and Chi¬ ning obove, not in the leaf* woolly, jag¬ ged round the Edges, and df a. moft dif- agreeable Smell: The Root is ’.(harped’like a Turnep, of a white Colour, and of aTafte iomewhat aromatic : It is found in feveral Parts of Italy and France, and in Germany : It flowers from the Month of JJtne to Sep- tember : the Seed is ripened in the meah Time. Gerard and Parkinfon of this one Phut have made two; the one Gerard calls Blat- taria Plmi, and Parkinfon F'erbafeum ni¬ grum vulgare ; the other they call Bimaria fore luteo . Elat taria alba C. B. Pin. 241. Blat taria flore albo , J. B . 3. App. 874. Blattaria flore albo , perperam Verbafeum feemina vulgo Lob. Icon. 563. Moth-mullein with a white Flower. Blattaria purpurea C. B. Pin. 241. Blat¬ taria flore c&ruleo vel purpttreo. J . B. 3, 875. Blattaria flore purpureo. Lob . Icon. 565. Moth-mullein with a blue or purple Flower. The Root is thick'and long, juicy, co¬ vered with a reddith Bark, and filled with a white Pith, and of a fweetifh Tatte: The Leaves, according to Parkinfon , are broader and fhorter than thofe of the yellow Moth- mullein, more hairy* little or rather not at all indented round the Edges, and iharp- E ointed: According to Cafpar Bauhin the .eaves are of a darker Colour, not jagged, and .very little indented: The Flower is fometimes of a worn-out Purple, fome- times of the Colour of a black Violet, fometimes of a pale Red: That which bears a blue or purple Flower, flowers in June or July: The Stamina or Threads, as Parkinfon remarks, are yellow: the little Heads or Fruit lmaUer than that of the yellow Moth-mullem; the Stalks lower, yet 6ften branched; the Root out-lives many Yeats. Mr. Ray obferves that the Leaves of this Plant which he cultivated, were not of a Wackifh Colour, but rather greyifh, as Parkinfon rightly remarked; and that both in Colour and Notching they nearly refein- Wed the Conyua major of Matthiolus. Blattaria fore obfoleto colore purpurafeente. C. B. Pin. 24T. Moth-mullein with a Flow¬ er of a worn-out purpliih Colour. Blattaria flrre nigra viola, colore eleganti nitente. C.B. Pin. 241. Moth mullein with a black violet Flower, of an elegant llu- ning Colour. Blattaria flore obfoleto c&ruleo H. Edinburg, Mothdnullein with a Flower of a decayed blue Colour. Blattaria flore jerruginco. H. R. Par . Moth-mullein with a Flower of the Co¬ lour of rufly Iron. Blattaria Anglicana, perennis , flore obfolcte pboeniceo. H. ‘R. Par. Perennial Lnglifh Moth-mullein, with a Flower of a faded armfon Colour. Blattaria magno flore. J . B. 3.875. Moth- mullein with a large Flower. This Species is thus delcribed by Parkin¬ fon undtr the Title of the Blattaria lutea major five Hifpanica , the greater yellow Moth mullein: Its Leaves are longer and greener than thofe of the former ( Blattaria lutea odorata ) and rounder at the Ends: The Stalk is ftronger and higher, whereon, befides the Leaves, grow towards the Top many Flowers of a gold yellow Colour, not let fo thick together as the former, but larger, with fome purpliih Threads in the Middle, formed fomewhat like a Fly, after which come in their Places little round Heads, two, three, fometimes more toge¬ ther, but mod ufually one, wherein lie fmall dusky Seeds: The Root is not great or full of Fibres, but perifheth every Year af¬ ter that the Seed is ripened. Blattaria folio Vtrbafei , flore luteo, amplo Morif H. R. Blef Moth-mullein with a Leaf like to that of the Mullein, and a large yellow Flower. Blat:aria Ragufina, incana, multiflda Ado- rifi Oxon. Part 2. Hifi. 490. Blattaria in - cana, multiflda hoc con. Rarior. Plant. 61. Hoary Moth-mullein, with Leaves deeply infeded. The Seed-Vefiel, Seed and Flowers deter¬ mine this Species to be a Moth-mullein: But the Leaves, which are large, apd cut into many,, and thole deep, Incifions, from a green inclining to a whitilh Colour, Iomewhat referable thofe of the common Pontic Wormwood; Boccone had a Branch cf 20 8 The Compleat Herbal. of this Plant without the Root from Joan¬ nes Maria Ferro , a Vmetian Apothecary, which he affirmed to have been brought from Ragufa. Flat tar is. perennis Creiica, incana , foliis hi¬ nts conjugatim pofitis , mo majore extremum cl and erne. Aiorifi Hi(t. Oxon. Part 2. 489. Arturo di Candia , overo verbafeo fruticofo au- riculato. Pon. Bald. Ital . 120. Vmbafeum fo¬ liis fubrotundis , fiore Blattaria. C. B. Pin. 240. Perennial and hoary Candy Moth-mullein, with Leaves growing in Pairs, and one greater than the reft, which terminates the Stalk. . Bl ait aria orientals, buguU folio , fiore ma¬ ximo } virefcente 9 lituris Intel in femicirculum firiato: Oriental Moth-Mullein with a Bugle Leaf, and a large greenilh Flower ftreaked with yellow femicircular Lines. Blattaria orientals, verhafei folio, fiore maxim0 , intense violaceo: Oriental Moth- mullein with a Mullein Leaf, and a large Flower of a deep violet Colour. Blattaria orientals, AgrimonU folio: Ori¬ ental Moth mullein with an Agrimony Leaf. The Moth-mullein, where-ever it is laid, fays Pliny, gathers Moths to it; and there¬ fore at Rome it was called Blattaria. SECT. VII. Of Herbs with a Flower of one fingle Leaf fhaped like a Wheel, whofe Pointal changes into a foft Fruit. TABLE HI. GENUS I. Solatium, NightJhade, a Plant with a Flower of one fingle Leaf A B, fhaped like a Wheel, and cut into feveral Segments: From its Flower- Cup EF, the Pointal G rifes, which is fix¬ ed like a Nail in the Middle of the Flower C D, and afterwards changes into a Fruit almofi round or oval H I, foft and juicy, enclofing Seeds K L, for the molt Part fiat M N. Its Species are, Solanxm offic inarum, acinis nigricantibus. C. B. Pin. 166. Solarium hortenfe five vulgare, acinis nigris J. B. 3. 608. Solanum hortenfe , baccis nigricantibus. Dod. Pempt . 453. Sola¬ rium nigrum, vulgare Cord. Hijl . 158. Night¬ shade of the Shops, or common Night- fhade with a black Fruit. Its Root is half a Foot long, about three or four Lines in thicknefs at the Head, fibrous, hairy, and of a whitifii Colour: The Stalk, which is full of Pith, rifes to the height of a Foot and a half, is three Lines in thicknefs, greenifh, rough, angu¬ lar, ufually divided at the Difiance of nine or ten Inches from the Root into feveral Branches, firetching out upon its Sides, and oft-times bending downwards, let with Leaves difpofed in an alternate Order, which rife with a Tail about half an Inch long, widen to an Inch and a half in breadth, and are two Inches long, Iharp- pointed, rather waved than notched, of a dark green Colour, fmooth and Alining; the Footfialk lengthens it felf into a Rib, the Nerves whereof bend and wind till they lofe themfelves in the Extremities of the Leaves: Thofe that grow upon the Di- vifions of the Branches are finaller, more round and pointed to the Top: The Flow¬ ers don’t rife ufually from the Bofoms of the Leaves, as in rnofi other Plants, but from the Branches themfelves a little below the Leaves; they (land five, fometimes eight , a* I . .> The Covrpleat Herbal. 2 op eight together upon one common Footftalk, about an Inch and a half in length, which divides it (elf towards the Extremity into feveral (mailer Footftalks, very (lender, and about three or four Lines long, each where¬ of fupports a Flower: The Flowers are white, (ingle-leafed, three Lines, or three and a half "in Diameter, bored at the Bot¬ tom, where they are of a yellowifh Colour, and as it were terminated in a Ring, di¬ vided or cut into five Segments, long, pointed, and diipofed fo as to relemble a Wheel: From the Sides of the Bottom of the Flower rife very Ihort Stamina or Threads, tipp’d each with a yellow Chive, dufiy, narrow, and a Line and a half long: All thefe Chives unite, and hide the Bot¬ tom of the Pointal, the Extremity whereof is almoft round, of a pale green Colour, pointed into the Hole of the Flower, and fixed in the Bottom of the Flower*Cup: The Flower-Cup is a (mall Funnel of a greenilh Colour, cut into five blunt Points: When the Flower decays and drops, the Pointal becomes or changes into a fpherical Fruit, pretty hard, at fir ft of an olive Green, but afterwards black, about four Lines 111 Diameter, full of a limpid Juice, and contains many whitilh Seeds, one Line in length, flat, rounded, and bordered with a fmall greenifli Flefh, eafily feparat- ed, and difpoled in a Ring round the Pla¬ centa , which is in the Middle of the Fruit, and di (tributes Nourifhment to all thefe little Grains or Seeds. The Root is almoft infipid; the Leaves have a faltifh Tafte; the Fruit has a (harp and winy relifh: The whole Plant emits a narcotic Odour, yet not altogether fo ftrong as the other Species. It flowers in July, Auguft, and Septem¬ ber ; the Fruit is ripe in September and October . John Bauhin and Cordus took the Flower of this Plant to be pentapetalous, or com- pofed of five diftindf Leaves, whereas \ia certain that it is Angle-leafed : It is com¬ monly believed that the Seed or Grain of this Species produces thofe which bear a red and yellow Fruit; but befides that Expe- perience demonftrates the contrary, theie Species are diftinguifhed by other Circum- ftances more particular, as will appear from their Defcription. Solanum officinarum , acinis puniceis. C. B. Pin. 166 . Solanum hortenfe five vulgar e, aci¬ nis rubris J. B. 3. 60S. Solanum hortenfe , baccis rubentibus Dod. Pempt. 453. Solanum puniceum , Cord . 153. Nightfnade with a reddifii Fruit. This Species is commonly larger than the preceding: Its Root is thicker: Its Stalk or Stem two Foot high, angular, and as it were leafy or winged, divided fometimes from the Bottom into Branches, which rife obliquely, and ftretch much out upon the Sides: Its Leaves approach nearer to the Figure or Shape of the Steel of a Lance than thofe of the former; they are lefs waved round the Edges, and more evidently hairy: Its Flowers are altogether the fame; but the Fruit is oval, four Lines long, and three broad, of a worn-out red Colour; and it has a ftronger narcotic Smell. Solanum officinarum , acinis luteis C% B . Pin. 166 , Solanum hortenfe five vulgar e, acinis lu¬ teis J.B . 3. 608. Solanum hortenfe , baccis lutei coloris Dod. Pempt. 453. Solanum luteum Gefn. Hort. 281. Nightfhade with a yellovv- ifh Fruit. Its Root is the fame with that of the two preceding Species: Its Stalk is two Foot high, hairy, angular, and as it were leafy : Its Leaves are much more round, and as it were deeply notched, of a pale green Colour, hairy upon both Sides: Its Flowers differ nothing from thofe of the former: But its Fruit which is oval, four Lines long, three broad, at fir ft green, and ftreaked with white Lines lengthways, is yellow when ripe: Their Juice is fowrifh and of a winy Tafte, very little coloured; the Seeds are bordered with a fmall yellowifh Flefh, and, fays Tournejort , it appeared to me of a ftronger narcotic Itupifying Smell than either of the two former; notwithftanding thefe two la ft Species ad upon the blue Paper after the fame Manner. Solanum officinarum , acinis e luteo virefeen- tibus H. L. Bat. Nightfhade with a greenilh Fruit. Solanum bacciferum , vulgari fimile, Afri - canum, joliis frequentius & projtindius crenatis E e Prod. 2- ro- The Commie at Heibal. Prod. Par. Bat. Berry- bearing African Night- ihade, like to the Common, with Leaves cut into more and deeper Notches. Solatium bacciferum, vulgari [imile , maxi¬ mum, Surinamenfe Prod. Par. Bat. The great- til Berry-bearing Night (hade of Surinam, Jike to the common Sort. Sol a warn Lujitanicum , perenne , folijs amplis , prr.jnndc crcnatis , fruBu rubro : Perennial Nightfhade of Portugal, with large Leaves, deeply notched, and a red Fruit. Solatium fcandens feu Dulcamara. C. B. Pin. 167. Glycipicros Jive amara dulcis J. B. 2. icp. Dulcamara Dod. Pempt, 402. It (ends up (lender, woody, brittle Twigs, two or three, yea fometimes five or fix Foot long, which wind or wreath them- felves round adjoining Hedges or Shrubs, otherwife lie flat upon the Ground: The Bark of the young Branches is green, but that of the older and of the Stumps is rougher, and of a whitifh afhy Colour outwardly, hut within of a beautiful Green: The Pith is fungous: The Leaves grow in an alternate order, like thofe of the common Nightfhade, of a dark green Colour, having iometimes at their lower Part two pieces of Leaves fhowing like Ears, and (land upon Footflalks about an inch long: The Flowers (land feveral to* gether in final 1 Umbels, they are of a (fink¬ ing Smell, but of a beautiful blue purple Colour, fometimes white, cut into five narrow Segments; in the Middle (land the Stamina or Threads tipp’d with yellow Chives, which unite and form an Umbo or Rofi: The Flowers are fucceeded by Berries of a fcarlet Colour when ripe, of an oval Shape, foft, and of a difagreeable Tafle, full or final), flat, whitifh Grains or Seeds: The Root is fibrous: It delights in waterifh Soils, and is therefore often found near to Ditches: It flowers in June and July. Silanum fcandens , feu Dulcamara , fore albo C. B. Pin. 167. Woody Nightfhade or Bmeriweet with a white Flower. Solatium fcandens feu Dulcamara , flore pltno : Dulcis amara fiore pleno. Eyjl . Bitter- fiweet with a double Flower. Solamm fcandens , fvliis variegatis H. R. Par. Climbing Nightfhade with Leaves of mioufr Colours, Solamm hgnofam f- a Dulcamara marina Saii, Synop. 1457. Woody Nightlhade or Sea BitterIweer. Solatium fruticofum , baccijerum C. B. Pin. 166. Strychuodendros J . B. 3. 814. Pfeu- doc apftcum Dod. Pempt. 718. ^Tree Night- (hide. s It is a Shrub about four or five Foot high, with a (lender Stock covered with an alh-co!oured Bark; but that of the Bran¬ ches is green : The Leaves are like thofe of the Spindle-Tree, of a dark green Colour and lomevvhat (harp when tafied: The Flowers are white, like thofe of the com¬ mon or garden Nightfhade, cut into five ' Segments bending outwards, containing within fo many Threads tippd with yel¬ low Chives, conjoined and united; each Flower is fucceeded by a Berry equal in bignefs to the Fruit of the Winter Cherry, of a fcarlet Colour, enclofing yellow, or¬ bicular and flat Seeds: The Root has many yellow Fibres (hooting from it. In our Climate itfofes its Leaves in the Winter: The whole Plant, (Leaves, Flow¬ ers, and Seeds) has neither Smell nor Tafle. The Place of its native Growth is un¬ certain ; however his believed a native of America : With us it flowers for the mofl part in July and Augnft, rarely in June : Its Fruit is i'eldom ripened before the Win¬ ter Soiflice, or Chriflmas. Solatium tuberofum , efculentum C. B. Pin . 167. Prodr. $9. Papas Americamm J. B. 3. 621. Virginia Potatoes. The Stalk is two or three Cubits high, five or fix iometimes, according to Cluftus , an Inch thick, juicy, roundiftf, chanelled, fomewhat hairy, of a green Colour, mark¬ ed with many reddiih Spots, hollow, and branched, (the Branches are weak, and if not propped lie flat upon the Ground) un¬ even becauie of thole membranous Wings-, of a dark purple Colour, iometimes curled, which grow from the Footflalks of the Leaves: The Leaves are about a Hand- breadth and a half in length, compoied of feveral other Leaves let by Pairs upon the fame Rib, (three, fometimes four or more Pairs of Leaves join in the Compofition of one) one unpaired, for the moll Part great¬ er than. the refl, terminates the Wing? Eads The Compleat Herbal . 2 x i Each frngle Leaf is fomewhat hairy, of a -dark green Colour, and fhining upon the . upper Side, but underneath neither of fo deep a Green nor (hilling: Between each Pair grow other intermediate Jittle Leaves of a round Shape: According to Cafpar Bauhin the Leaves which lhoot firft are like thofe of Winter Creffes, of a darkpurplifh Colour, and hairy, the others are of a pale Green, about a Hand-breadth long, with¬ out Footftalks: The Branches divide into feveval thick angular Footftalks about a Foot in length, and thefe again intoothers, many in number, and hairy, with one Tingle Joint: The Flowers equal in bignefs thole of the wild Mallow, in Shape relem- ble thofe of the Mala Infant or Mad-Ap¬ ples, according to Cafpar Bauhin, or thofe of Tobacco, according to Parlinfon: To me, lays Mr. Ray , they appear like thole of the Winter Cherry, Tingle-leafed, cut into five blunt Segments, without of a whitifh Purple, within of a purpiifh Colour, or from a blue inclining to a Purple, lome- tirnes whitifh: From the greenilh Pointal which ftands in the Middle, and is fur- rounded with fivefaffron coloured Threads, which unite and form an Umbo or Bols, a greer.ifh Ray darts and ft ret cites out to each Chive: They Band ten or twelve to¬ gether, fometimes more in number, upon the Tame common Foot (la lk, a few where¬ of are open and dilcloled, the rdf remain (hut ; they fmdl like the Lime-Tree Flow¬ ers: The Flowers are fucceeded by an equal Number of little Apples, about the bignefs of a Chefnut, but of an orbicular Form, at firft of a dark green Colour, but when ripe of a dark Red, rarely white and cha- nelled; they are full of a moift and whit¬ ifh Pulp, in which lie many finall rouiid- ilh Seeds like thofe of the Nightfhades. . The Root is tuberous, fometimes about the bignefs of a Man’s Fift, fometimes of an oblong Shape, and fometimes it is found very final 1, (according to John Bauhin it is a,Hand-breadth or a Hand-breadth and a half in length, and oft-times much finaller) uneven, bearing Tome Marks and Veftiges upon it, from whence the next Year’s Shoots are to Ipring; it is covered with a dusky or a dark red Bark, the Pith is firm and white, and fometimes the Knob or Swelling from which the Plant fprings, when taken out of the Earth, is found emp¬ ty and flaccid : At the Origine of tile Stajk are many oblong, whitifh, fibrous Roats fpread along the Surface, fometimes pene¬ trating deep into the Earth, to which other tuberous Roots are annexed, fo that the Plant when digged up out of the Earth to¬ wards the Winter has been found with forty, fometimes fifty Kobs of different Magnitude ; they are commonly digged up before the Winter, Jeaft they fhould rot in the Earth, and kept in a dry but w'arm Place, to be replanted in the Spring, fome preferve them in a VefTel filled with dried Earth. It flower?, fays Cafpar Bauhin , with us in the Month of June, and often continues in flower till the Autumn, and is nipped with the firft Frofts: It was firft brought from Virginia into England , and from thence carried into France and other Coun¬ treys. In Virginia the Roots are called Ope- nancl. The Indians, according to the Relation of Acofta, ule the Roots for Bread, which they call Chunno: There is another fort of Meat prepared from the fame Roots dried by the Sun’s Heat, and cut into lmall Pieces, which is called by the fame Name, and kept for a long Time: Befides, they ent the Root both green, boiled, and roafted: Our Countrymen, i'aysCafpar Bauhin , roaft it under the Alhes, and having peeled oft' the Skin eat it with Pepper to excite Luft; fome efteem the. Roots, as they afford a wholfome Nourishment, ufeful for con- fumptive Perlons: They nourifh no other- wife than Parfneps and Chelnuts, and are apt to generate Wind : 1 am told, fays Caf¬ par Bauhin , that the ufe of thele Roots is forbid in Burgundy , from a fixed Opinion that they occahon the Leprofy: In England we ule thele Roots after the lame manner we do Spanifh Potatoes. Cafpar Bauhin is ground lefty cenfured by the Authors of the Hijturia.Ebrodnuenfis i or ranking this Plant among the.Nightfhades; the ftrongeft and moft iolid realons having perfwaded him fo to do: I called it a Nightfhade, fays he, becaufe its Leaves in form refemble thofe of the Mala Aurea, its Flowers thofe of ths; »llala Infant • its Fruit E e 2 ~ that 2i2 The Compleat Herbal. that of the common Nightfhade, and its Seeds, thole of all the Nightshades; and iaftly, becaufe it has the lame Smell: The geneiical Charadlenllicks are not to be ta¬ ken from the Powers and Virtues, but from theConlonancy and Agreement of the prin¬ cipal Parts, the Leaves, Flowers, Fruit and Seeds. From the frefh Roots bruifed and fteep- ed in Water, the Natives prepare a Drink by Fermentation, which they call Mobby and fetid*, with which Liquor they often fuddle and get drunk. Solatium tuberofum , efculentum, fiore albo H. R. Par. Nightfhade with a tuberous or knobby and eatable Root, with a white Flower. Solatium pomiferum , frutefcens, Africanum, fpinofum, nigricans, Boraginis fiore , foliis pro- junde laciniatis. H. L. Bat. Shrubby and thorny Apple-bearing Nightfhade of Afri¬ ca, with a Borage Flower, and Leaves deeply jagged. Solanum annuum , nigricans, Virginianum , fpinofiJJimum , late fe Jpurgens, fore c&ruleo, glabrum Pluk. Phytog. Tab. 62. Fig. 3. Sola¬ num pomiferum, frutefcens , Africanum, fpi- nofum, nigricans , Boraginis fiore, foliis minus prof unde laciniatis, fpinis multd longioribus, majoribus & crebrioribus horridum. Rail, Solanutn fpiniferum, frutefcens , Americanum Pluk. Phytog. Tab. 225. Fig. 5. Shrubby and thorny American Nightfhade, with fire coloured Thorns. Solanum fruticofum Indie urn, frultu rubro : Cheru-fchunda H. Ad at. Part 2* 67. Shrubby Indian Nightfhade, with a red Fruit. Solanum fpinofum, Indicum , Boraginis fiore Icon. Robert. 7 T. Solanum foliis & caule fpinofis. Adorif. H. R. Blef. Thorny Indian Nightfhade with a Borage Flower. Solanum fpinofum, maxime tomentofum. Bocc. Rarior . Plant. 8. Anachunda H. Adala- bar. Thorny Nightfhade very much cover¬ ed with a Wool or Down. Solanum incanum. Chinenfe, minus fpinofum, fioribus parvis fere umbellatis . Pluk . Phytog . 62. FVg. 1. Solanum Indicum, folio finuofo, aculeis atro- purpureis infirulio : Indian Nightfhade with a finuated Leaf, furnifhed with Prickles of a dark purple Colour. Solanum Americanum, molle, foliorum ner - vis & aculeis fiavefeentibus, fruitu mammofo Plumier: Solanum. pomijerum, tomentofum, fruitu pyriformi inverfo Sloane , Cat. Plant . Jam. 108. Solanum Barbadenfe , fpinofum, foliis villofis, frultu aureo, rotundiore, Pyri parvi inverfi forma & magnitudine. PluL Phytog . Tab. 226. Fig. 1. Soft American Nightfhade having the Nerves and Prickles of its Leaves of a yeilowifh Colour, and a Fruit lhaped like an inverted Pear. Solanum Americanum , fpinofum, foliis Me- longena, frultu mammofo. D . Lign. Thorny American Nightfhade, with Leaves like thofe of the Melongena, and a Fruit fliaped like an inverted Pear. Solanum Americanum, frutefcens, Acanthi folio. Plumier. Shrubby American 0 Night¬ fhade with a Brank-Urfin Leaf. Solanum Americanum, fruticofum, Per fie & foliis, aculeatum Plum. Shrubby and prick¬ ly American Nightfhade with Peach-Tree Leaves. Solanum Americanum , fruticofum, lauri foliis, aculeatum. Plum. Shrubby and prickly American Nightfhade with Laurel Leaves. Solanum Americanum, fcandens, foliis to- mentofis. Plum. Climbing American Night¬ fhade with woolly Leaves. Solanum Americanum, tomentofum , folio verbajei, parvo frultu, flavefeente Plum . Woolly American Nightfhade, with a Mul¬ lein Leaf, and a (mail yeilowifh Fruit. Solatium Americanum, arborefeens, Solani hortenfis folio , parvo frultu coccineo. Plum . Tree Nightfhade of America, with a Leaf like that of the common garden Nightfhade, and a fmall fcarlet-coloured Fruit. Solanum Americanum , arborefeens, Amyg- dali folio undulato, magno fiore albo, fruSu rubro. rium. Tree Nightfhade of America, with gn undulated or waved Almond- Tree Leaf, a large white Flower, and a red Fruit. Solanum Americanum , fruticofum, Polya¬ canthi folio, monofpermon. Plum. Solanum Americanum , fcandens, aculeatum, Hyofcyami folio, fiore intus albo, extus purpu- reo. Plum. Climbing, prickly American Nightfhade with a Henbane Leaf, and a Flower of a purple Colour without, and white within. The Compleat Herbal. 213 Solarium Creticum, frutefcens■ Chenopodii folio: Shrubby Candy Nightfhade with a wild Orache Leaf There are two of the above enumerated Species of the Solanum employed for medi¬ cinal Ules. Solanum officinarum, acinis nigricantibm . G B . Solanum hortenfe five vulgare , baccis nigris J. B . e^V. Common Nightfhade of the Shops. The Leaves of this Plant give but a faint Tin&ure of Red to the blue Paper, but the ripe Fruit reddens it deeply; from whence we may probably conjecture that the Salt-Armoniac which is in this Plant, is moderated and tempered in the Leaves by a confiderable Portion of fetid Oil and Earth ; but that the acid Part of this Salt lies very much difengaged in the ripe Fruit, io that there is a Choice to be made of the Parts of this Plant according to the Inten¬ tions we would fullfil: The Berries, for example, are more cooling, but repel more flrongly than the Leaves, which at the fame Time that they allay and mitigate Pain, diffolve, cleanle, and ablorb; they yield by a chymic^l Analyfis a large Quan¬ tity of concreted volatile Salt: The Night¬ fhade is ufed to allay Inflammations, and difculs Tumours, to foften and relax the Fibres when they undergo a too violent Tendon: Some apply the bruifed Herb to the Piles, or foment the Part with the Juice warmed: This Juice is wrought or labour¬ ed for Lome Time in a leaden Mortar to anoint the Cancer therewith : Quickened with a flxth Part of the Spirit of Wine well deflegmated, it is efteemed of great Efficacy to cure the St. Anthony s Fire, Tet¬ ters, Pimples, Puftules, and other iuch like cutaneous Didempers: The Nightfhade is an Ingredient in the Ointment of Poplar, and in mofl anodyne Cataplafms: Cafalpin affirms, that the Water or Juice may be ta¬ ken inwardly in an Inflammation of the Stomach, and Heat of Urine; and that three Ounces of the fame Water mixed with an equal Quantity of Water of Worm¬ wood, diicharges by Sweat: However the internal Ul'e of this Plant is generally efleemed highly noxious, and therefore to be avoided : Tragus fays that it kills Hogs, and advifes not to ufe the Water diflilied from it, till two or three Years after the Diflillation. In old Times it was ufed as a Food: It cools with fome little Adringency: It was ufed by the Ancients both internally (but as we have already infinuated, it mult be thus ufed with very much caution) and ex¬ ternally, for the Cure of an Eryfipclas y fret¬ ting and corroding Ulcers, the Head-ach and Parotis , &c. as tmy be feen in Diofco - rides: Dodonem highly condemns the Ufe of it for the Cure of an Eryfipelas , becaufe it flrongly repels or drives the peccant Hu¬ mours inwards: The Juice, fays Diofco- rides , mixed with the yellow Dung of Hens fed in a Pen or Burton, and applied, certainly cures the esEgilopa or lachrymal Fiflula. Vid. Diofc . It is an excellent Re¬ medy for an Inflammation of the Penis proceeding from any venereal Infedlion, either by way of Cataplafm, or Liniment: The Juice applied to the Wrifl is faid to remove a Fever. A Liniment prepared with the Juice of Houfe-leek, Nightfhade, and the white of an Egg, is faid to be of admirable Efficacy for the Cure of thofe cold and hard Tu¬ mours generated in the Breads of Wo¬ mens. ^ Solanum /candens , feu Dulcamara. C. B . &c. Bitterfweet: The Leaves of this Plant give little or no Tindture of Red to the blue Paper ; they are infipid, and of a very narcotic Smell; but the Fruit has a winy Tafle, and deeply reddens the blue Paper, fo that in all probability this Species con¬ tains the fame Principles with that of which we have already treated : It is em¬ ployed externally for the fame Purpofes: It is diuretic, and beneficial in a Dropfy: Tragus recommends it for the Cure of the jaundice, even when inveterate: Take, lays Tragus , one Pound of the Wood of this Plant, cut it fmall, and put it into a new earthen Pot with three Pints of White Wine, the Cover of the Pot mult have a Hole at Top, and all the Joints cloiely ce¬ mented with Pafie; thus let it upon a gen¬ tle Fire, and let it boil till one third Part is confumed: A Cupful of the drained Li¬ quor taken one Hour before you rife in the Morning, and another at Night about Bed¬ time, cures the Jaundice, and carries off the *214 The Commie at Herbal. the noxious Humours by Stool and Urine: The Juice taken inwardly is held by ioine to be ufeful to fucli as are bruited by Falls or Blows; Feeing ’tis believed to diflolve the coagulated Blood, and heal the affed- ed Parts; It is efieemed effedfual too to open the Obttrudions of the Spleen and Liver: But Parkinfon tells us, that when¬ ever he ufed it by the Prefcription of Phy- ficians, he always found that it purged vio¬ lently: And Prewitts , in his Book De Medicina Pauperum, gives the full Place, among all thofe Medicines that are Faid to evacuate Bile, to the Wood of the Dulca* mar a or BitterFweet. The following Medicine was communi¬ cated by Dr. Hulfe to Mr. Ray, For its ad¬ mirable Virtue, it having in the Space of one Night diflolved a Tumour of the big- nets of a Man’s Head, and healed deiperate and dangerous Contufions of the mufcylar Parts: Take four Handfuls of the Leaves of Bitterfvveet cut Final I; four Ounces of Lin feed finely powdered ; boil them in a mufeadine Wine, or in Hog’s Lard to the Confidence of a Cataplalin, and apply it hot. TAB HE III GENUS II. Lycoperficon, Love-Apples. HP H E Lycoperficon is the Gems of a Plant •* with a Flower of one Tingle Leaf A, fhaped like a Wheel, and cut into Feveral Segments: From its Flower-Cup C the Style D rifes, which is fixed like a Nail in the middle of the Flower B, and when the Flower is decayed, changes into a foft, ffefhy, and roundilh Fruit E, partitioned into feveral Cells F, which contain for the mod Parc flat Seeds G. Its Species are, Lycoperficon Galeni Ang. 217. Solanum po - rniferum, jrutlu rotundo , Jlriato , molli C B. Pin . 167. Mala aurea odore fatido, qaibujdam Lycoperficon J.B. 3. 620. Aurea mala, Dod, Pempt. 458. Love-Apples. 3 Its Stalks are very long and weak, hol¬ low, hairy, lying flat upon the Ground branched from their very Origine; the Brandies are many in number, equalling the Stalk it felf in length, and fubdivided into feveral Idler ones: The Leaves are compoled of three Pairs of Wings or Lobes indented round the Edges, fixed to the mid¬ dle Rib, with a larger one unpaired, which terminates the Leaf; between each Pair are Fome intermediate little Lobes or Wings; Fo that in Fome Meafure they refemble the* Leaves of Agrimony, only the Wings are fharperpointed, either intirely Fmooth, or have but a few Hairs upon the Backfide of the Ribs, and are of a paler Green: The Flowers which grow upon the little Twigs or Branches, do not rile from the Bofbnis of the Leaves, but from the intermediate Space between two Leaves, as in the com¬ mon Nightlhade; they ftand ten or twelve together, upon peculiar Footdalks an Inch or more in length, each whereof has one Joint or Knot, from whence the genuine Footflalk of the Fruit Fprings: The Flow¬ ers are yellow and Angle-leafed, but fo deeply cut into five Segmeuts, that they ap¬ pear pentapetalous cr compoled of five di- flind Leaves; in their middle is an Umbo or Bofs of a yellow Colour, com poled by the dole Union and Conjundtion of the Chives wherewith the Stamina or Threads are tipp’d; in Form they refemble thofe of the common Nightfhade, nor are they larger: The Flower-Cup is likewife cut into five Parts, and hairy, as are the Footflalks , of the Flowers: The Flowers are lucceed- ed by a Fruit Irrger than a Cherry, in form not much different; when ripe, from a Saffron it inclines to a reddifh Colour: The Pulp or Flefh is moifl and eatable, the Seeds are many and yellowifti: In our Gar¬ dens, fays Ray , it flowers after Midfuimner, and ripens its Fruit in Augujl; The firft Frofts nip and rot it. Lycoperficon frutlu rubrc y non ftriato: Ly- coperficon with a red Fruit, not flreaked or chanelled. Lycoperficon fruthi luteo: Poma amoris frutlu luteo. Eyfi . Love-Apples with a yel¬ low Fruit. Lycoperficon frutin albo : Solatium pomife- rum, fruthi rotundo, Jlriato, molli , albo. C. B, Pin. ■> u v ' = ***'**' Alke k e n g*i - tyier?'?/ The Ccmpleat Herbal 215 Pin. 167. Love-Apples with a white Fruit, or App’e-bearing Nightflhade with a round, channelled, foft and white Fruit. Lycoperpcon frutlu rubro pallefcente: So¬ larium pomiferum , frutlu rotundo , firiato , mol- li , rubro-pallejcente. H. R. Par. Love Apples with a Fiuit of a pale red Colour, or Ap¬ ple-bearing Nighclhade with a round cha¬ ttel led and loft Fruit of a pale red Colour. Lycoper[icon fr utlu cerap rubro: Solarium racemofum ceraforum forma. C. B. Pin. 167. . B. 3. 623. Love-Apples or cluttered ightfhade with a red Fruit fhaped like a Cherry. Lycoperpcon frutlu cerap luteo : Solanum ra- cemofum , ceraforum forma , frutin luteo H. R. Par. Solanum pomiferum , frutlu rot undo, par- vo, rubro , wj/azc /«^0 , rubro. Mo- rif H. R. Blef. Apples of Love with a yel¬ low Fruit (liaped like Cherry, or cluttered Nightfhade with a yellow Fruit (haped like a Cherry. Ly coper peon frutlu friato, duro : Solanum pomiferum , frutlu rotundo , firiato , ^0 C. Pin. 167. J. B. 3. 620. tAEthiopica. Bod. Pempt. 45P. Apples of Love with a hard, chanelled Fruit. Lycoperpcon Amerkanum , arbor efeens, am- plifpmis foliis angnlatis. Plum. Tree Lycoper¬ pcon of America, with large cornered Leaves. The Lycoperpcon differs from the Solanum or Nightlhade in its Fruit, which is parti¬ tioned into leveral feminal Cells. The name Lycoperpcon is a Compound of the two Greek words A vnof and nas if we lhould fay in Englifb , Perpan Lupines. The juice of this Plant is very uleful for the cure of a Rheum or Defluxion of hot Humours upon the Eyes, which mjy occafien a Glaucoma if not prevented: For it not only .flops the Afflux of the Humour, but moderates and. allays the Inflamma¬ tion: It is no lefs beneficial in a Sr. An¬ thony’s Fire, and fuch like inflammatory Dittempers. Ray. The Fruit boiled in Oil, is effetflual for the Cure of the Itch; and by a chymical Preparation yields an Oil very proper for the Cure of Burnings. The Italians eat the Apples as we do Cu¬ cumbers, with Pepper, Oil and Salt: Seme cat them boiledBut confldering their great Moiflure and Coldnefs, the Nourifhment they afford mutt be bad. TABLE LIII. GENUS III. Alkekengi, Winter Cherry , 'T'HE Winter Cherry is a Plant with a A Flower of one Angle Leaf A* fhaped like a Wheel, and cut into feveral Seg¬ ments: From its Flower-Cup C, which is fafhioned like a Bell, the Pointal D rifes, which is fixed like a Nail in the middle of the Flower B,and afterwards changes into a foft Fruit E, in form like a Cherry, which contains feveral Seeds F, for the moft part flat G, and is wrapped up within a mem¬ branous Husk H, which is nothing elie but a Produ6tion of the Flower* Cup C. Its Species are, Alkekengi ofpeinarum: Solanum vepcarium C. B. Pin. 1 66. Solanum halicacabum , vul¬ gar e J.B. 3. 609. Solanum vepcarium Bod.. Pempt. 454. Winter Cherry. . The Root creeps under Ground full of joints, and emits fome (lender Fibres: The Stalks are a Foot in height, fometimes higher, round, reddifh, arid fomewhat' hairy, fluffed with a Pith, and full of Joints; at each whereof ffand two Leaves upon the lame Side of the Stalk, fupport- ed by long Footttalks, nearly refembling thofe of Bafil or of the garden Nightlhade, but larger, and of a darker green Colour, not notched round the Edges, and covered with a fhort and fcarcely perceptible Down: From the Bolom of each Leaf a Flower riles upon a Footttalk half an Inch or an Inch long, (lender and hairy ; the Flowers are Angle-leafed, large, and of a white Co¬ lour, and cut into five Segments: When the Flower drops, the Flower-Cup extends and enlarges it felf into a loofe pentagonal Bladder or Husk of a reddifh Colour, and full of a moitt Pulp, which contains many fmall, white, flat Seeds: TheBerries, becauie of the weaknefs of the Footffalks^ , 216 The Comp leaf Herbal. hang downwards: It grows in fhady and moifl Places: Mr. Ray found it in fomc woody Parts in an Ifle of the Danube near to Vienna • as alfo near to in fome Ditches: It flowers in Alay, June, and July ; the Fruit ripens about Autumn. Alkehngi officinarum, foliis variegatis : So - lanum veficarium , foliis e luteo varils . H. R. Par. Winter Cherry or bladdered Night¬ shade with party-coloured Leaves. Alkehngi frttftu parvo, verticillato : Sola¬ tium fomniferum. verticillatum C. B. Pin. i66. Solatium verticillatum. J. B. 3. 610. Solarium jomniferum. Dort. Pempt. 455. Winter Cherry or fleepy Nightflaade with a iinail Fruit growing in Whirls. From the lame Root it fends up feveral Stalks a Foot and a half, or more, in height, pretty thick, upright, round, hairy, and divided into fome few whitiih and woolly Branches, well furnished with Leaves, two always together oppofitely placed, like thofe of the Quince-Tree, thick, foft, wool¬ ly, and fomewhat hot to the Tafte, which are fupported by Footflalks not an Inch long: From the Bofoms of the Leaves the Flowers rife three or four together difpofed in Whirls, of a pale Colour, and cut into four Segments 5 they are fucceeded by Ber¬ ries enclofcd within little downy Husks, of a Red, or from a Red inclining to a faf- fron Colour when ripe: The Root is long, thick, hard, and covered with a Bark of a dusky Colour. Alkehngi Virginianum, frullu luteo : Sola¬ rium Virginianum , frutlu luteo . H. R. Par. Alkehngi five Halicacabum Virginienfe. Park. Theat. 463. Camara Pifon. Edit . 1658. 223. Virginia Winter Cherry with a yellow Fruit. This Winter Cherry of Virginia fpreads its Branches with the Leaves upon the Ground, fcarce raifing it felf fo high as the common fort, but the Branches are greater, and fo are the Leaves alfo, and more un¬ evenly dented round the Edges, of a dark or fulien green Colour: At the Joints the Flowers rile fingly, that is, one at a Place, and more towards the Bottom than up¬ wards, to the height of the Branches, they are (mailer than thofe of the common fort, divsded into five Segments of a whitifli Co¬ lour, each whereof has a red Circle at the 2 Bottom : The Fruit that follows is a fmall Berry cnclofed in a thin Skin or Bladder, as in the common fort, but green and not red when ripe, fmaller likewife than it and the Berry fills the Skin or Bladder more, and leaves not fo much void Space in the Husk: The Seed is the fame: The Root does not fpread much under Ground and periihes in the Winter. Alkehngi Indieum , majus : Solanum veft- carium , Indicum C. B. Pin. \ 66 . Solanum five Halicacabum Indicum J. B. 3. 6cp. Halica¬ cabum five fo lanum Indicum . Cam. Hort. Tab. XVII. The greater Indian Winter Cherry. This Indian kind riles to the height of four Foot, with flrong upright Stalks,' knot¬ ty and corner'd, (hooting out many Bran¬ ches, whereupon grow fair green Leaves like unto thole of the ordinary or common Winter Cherry, but fomewhat larger, and indented round the Edges: At the Joints with the Leaves come forth the Flowers, of a whitifh Colour, as in the common Sort, every one by it felf; they are fingle-leafed, and cut into five Segments, fomewhat crumpled about the Edges,and at the Bottom they have five blackiih purple Spots, with feveralThreads purplifh in the Middle,tipp'd with blackiih blue Chives: The Flowers are fucceeded by Berries wrapped up with¬ in Bladders or thin Skins, like unto the common or Winter Cherry, but larger, not only filling all the Capacity of the Bladder, but oftentimes breaking it, and opening into four Parts, which when it is ripe will be green as well as the Bladder, except fometimes that part which is molt expofed to the Sun’s Heat, which will ap¬ pear of a dark greenifh purple Colour ; the whole Plant is without Tafte, yet yields at the Joints a certain glutinous Juice of a flrong Scent, like unto that of the Poma amor is ^ or Love-Apples: This Species pe- rilheth every Year in thefe colder Climates, at the firft approach of the Winter, and whether it lives in the Places of its natural Growth we know not, nor to which phy- fical Ufe it is applied, or if it is ufed as a Food/ / Alkehngi Indicum , minimum , fruElu vire - feente : Solanum veficarium , Indicum , mimi- mum H. L. Bat. The linallefl Indian Winter Cherry with a greenilh Fruit. Al- m ■} •*. ■ < li'uetr ■■■ i mvmmw.'., .-■« '. M-fi -= ^ S* ‘ ■'/V • v ‘ & . •i:'-'- .'.A A 'A ■ . •» : I The Compleat Aihhngi lndicum, minimum , frutin hteo. Sdanum Vejtcarium, minus , bacca luted, Barr, Jean, Bccc. Muf. Part. .2 . 6 $. Tab. $i. .. Alkekengi Americanism , flore albo, fomutts e rubro Vtrefcentibus , frutlu jlavejcente . Plum. American Winter Cherry with a white Flow¬ er, Bladders or Husks, from a red inclining to a greenifh Colour, and a yellowilh Fruit. It is the firft Species which is of Common ufe in the Shops. The Leaves are lharp and bitter : They give no Tin£ture of red to the blew Paper ; but the Fruit reddens it very much : It appears at firft of a fourifh Tafte ; but afterwards it taftes very bitter j which gives us ground to Conjecture that there is in the Fruit of the Plant a Salt nearly ap¬ proaching to the Oxyfal Diaphoreticum An- geli Sala , mixed with a little fetid Oyl: In the Leaves, the fame Salt lies too much in¬ volved in Sulphur and earthy Parts, to be perceived. The Alkekengi is ftrongly aperi¬ tive and diuretick; Diojcorides ufed it in the Jaundice, and in a Retention of Urine. Ar- noldus de Villa nova and Cafalpin advifed thofe that were hydropick, or troubled with a Re¬ tention of Urine to drink the Wine, wherein three or four Berries of this Plant had been bruifed. In the Time of the Vintage there is a Wine compofed by mixing a certain quantity of the Fruits of this Plant with the Grapes in the Wine Prefs: Four Ounces of this Wine in the Morning are preferibed to thofe that are troubled with the Gravel* The Juice thickned to the Confidence of an Ex¬ tra#, has the fame Virtues: Four or Five of the Berries may be bruifed in an ordinary Emulfion,- and adminiftred to the Patient. Brajfavole ufed the Juice of the Fruit in the fame Didemper 5 and he affirms, that a Per- , fon who differed exquifite Pain for the fpace of three Days, was perfe#ly cured by the Ufe of it. There are Lozenges prepared from the Fruit of the Winter Cherry, of which UEmery has given an excellent Defcription, the Dofe whereof is 3 i* the Berries are ufed in the Syrup of Succory, and in the Antine - phritick Syrup of Qh arras. Herbal. 217 TABLE LXV. GENUS IV.' Melongena, Mud-Apple, I S a Plant with a Flower of one fingle Leaf A, fhaped like a Wheel, and cut in¬ to many Segments 5 out of whole flower Cup D, arifes the Pointal C, fixed like a Nail in the middle of the Flower B, which after¬ wards turns to a flelhy Fruit E, within which, as in a Ned F, are contained the Seeds in form of Kidneys. • The Species of this Plant are, 1. Melongena frutlu oblongo , violaceo , Mad- Apple with an oblong, violet coloured Fruit. Solarnm pomifefum , j frutlu oblongc . C. B. Pin. 167. Mala injana. Dod. Pempt. 458* Its Root has many Fibres, and does not pe¬ netrate deep into the Earth; and for the mod part fends up one fingle Stalk about nine Inches or a Foot long, taper, reddilh, covered with a certain Down, that may be eafily fe- parated from it, of the Thicknefs of one’s Finger, branching into feveral Divifions from the very Root, the fmall Branches growing in no regular order, and fhooting forth from the Jun£tures of the Leaves. The Leaves are very large, viz. a Span, or a Span and a half long, and almod as broad as one’s Hand; of the Shape and Size of Oak¬ en Leaves, finuated quite round, but not jag¬ ged or indented, and Handing upon very thick Foot-ftalks four Inches long. Both the Stalks and larger Veins of the Leaves are red ; the Leaves themfelves are of a deep Green, cover’d over with a certain fine white Duff or Down like Meal \ and lometinies there grow little prickles upon the Rib, or middle Nerve of the Leaf. Over-againft the Leaves the Flowers break forth, fometimes fingle, fometimes double or triple upon the fame Cyon, out of a Cup be- fet with little red Prickles, divided into five acute Segments ; which Flowers indeed con- fift only of one Leaf, but then they are part¬ ed into five or fix Jaggs, in form of a Star, F f which 2 i8 The Compleat Herbal. which are large, finuated, purple-coloured, or white: To which fucceed the Apples, about theBignefs of an Egg or Cucumber, or an oblong figure, a purple or greenith Co¬ lour, a fmooth'Bark, or Skin, containing a whitilh and juicy Pulp, within which are placed many Seeds, whitilh, flat, and much refembling the Cod-pepper. Margrave is of Opinion, that this is the fame Plant which is called Belengela by the Portugueez,e, Tongu by the People of Angola , and Macumba by thofe of Congo ; who is cer¬ tainly in the right, notwithftanding the Cen- liire of Jo. de Laet, who is himfelf miftaken. Becaufe thefe Apples bore fome refem-’ Fiance to Mandrakes, fome of the Moderns have fancied they were the Male Mandrake of Theophrafius , and imagining them to be Poifonous, did for that Reafon call them Mad-Apples: Whereas in reality, they ex¬ cite no fort of Madnefs, but are ufed by the Italians and Spaniards in their Sallads and De- ferts. 2. Melongena frutlu oblongo, albo. Mad-Ap¬ ple with an oblong white Fruit. Solanum Po - J wiferum, frutlu oblongo , albo . C. B. Pin. 167. 3. Melongena frutlu oblongo, luteo , Mad- Apple with an oblong pale Fruit. Solanum Pomiferum, f rutin oblongo , luteo. C. B. Pin. 167. 4. Melongena frutlu oblongo, fuave-rubente, Mad-Apple with an oblong, and charming red Fruit. Solanum Pomiferum, frutlu oblongo, earneo . B. R. Par. 5. Melongena frutlu tereti, violacco. Mad- Apple with a taper, violet coloured Fruit. 6 . Melongena frutlu rotundo. Mad-Apple with a round Fruit. Solanum Pomijerurn,fru¬ tlu infiar mail rotundo. C. B. 617. Solanum Po¬ mijer urn, frutlu rotundo. ]. B. 3. 618. 7. Melongena frullu incurvo. Mad-Apple with a bending or crooked Fruit. Solanum Pomiferum, frutlu incurvo. C. B. Pin. 167. ]. B. 3. 6 19. Melantzana Arabum , Melongena Lugd.App• 23. 8* Melongena Spinofa, frutlu rotundo, croceo. Mad-Apple prickly, with a round Fruit, of a Saffron colour. Solanum Spinofum , f rutlu ro- tundo. C.B. Pin* 167. Pomum de H'tericho Me- longenis congener. ]. B. 3.619. 9. Melongena frutlu rotundo, cum fpinisvior- laceis. Mad-Apple with a round Fruit, with violet coloured prickles* Solanum Pomiferum , frullu rotundo, fpinis violaceis . H. L. Bat. 10. Melongena frutlu rotundo, cum Jpims ex albo virentibus . Mad-Apple with a round Fruit, with Prickles of a whitilh green. Sola¬ num Pomiferum , frutlu rotundo, jpints ex albo virentibus. H. L. Bat. 11. Melongena Spinofa , frutlu rotundo , nigro.r Mad-Apple prickly, with a round black Fruit. Solanum Pomiferum, f rutlu nigro, fpinofo. C. B.Pin. 167. Melantz^na nigra. Lugd. App. 23. Solanum Pomiferum, frutlu JpinoJo. ]. B. 3. 619. Melongena Spinofa, frutlu longo , nigro . Mad- Apple prickly, with a long black Fruit. Sola¬ num Pomiferum, frutlu longo, nigro , fpinofo. C. B. Pin. 167. The firft Species of this Plant grows Spon- taneoufly in Egypt, almoft every where in Sandy Fields, and brings forth Fruit of the bignefs of a large Cucumber, as Petrus Bel- lonius informs us, in his Second Book of Ob- fervations. The People of Toledo eat this Fruit boiled with fat Flefli, putting thereto fome feraped Cheefe, which they keep in Vinegar, Honey, or Salt Pickle all Winter, to provoke Luff. Petrus Bellonius and Hermlaus Barbarus, re¬ late, That in Egypt and Barbary , they ufe to eat the Fruit of the Mala infana, boiled or roafted under Afhes, with Oil, Vinegar, and Pepper, as People ufe to eat Mufhromes. Sca- liger like wife fpeaks of the People of Geneva uling it in the fame manner; and fays more¬ over, That it neither produces Frenzy, nor any other Injury, and that therefore minus fano judicio infant dicuntur . They who call them Mad-Apples, are a little touch’d them- felves. TABLE LXVI. GENUS V. Capficum, Guiny-Pepper* I^Uiny-Pcpper is a Plant beaiing a Flower ^ of one fingle Leaf A, fhaped like a Wheel, and cut into many Segments ; out of whofe Cup C, arifes the Pointal D, faftne o - V ' * ■ VM i i$w* -! V ■ ii -, 4 ; . ' «* iv/ •„ *> vrsi' ■ \ b, < • «*’ v" ' ’ ^. Jfc . the Cmpleat Herbal. 121 Pound of Wheat Flower, (the fame you dried them with in the Oven, may be part if you will) make them up together into Cakes or fmall Loaves, with fo much Leaven, as yoi* think may be convenient for the Quantity you make: Bake thefe as you do Bread of that fize; then cut them into fmaller Parts, and Bake them again, that they may be as dry and hard asBifcuit, which beaten into fine Powder and Sifted, may be kept for any of the Ufes hereafter fpecified, or may ferve inftead of ordinary Pepper, to iealon Meat or Broth, or for Sauce, or any other purpofe, the Eaft-lndia Pepper doth ferve for: For it not only gives as good, but rather a better Relifh to Meat or Sauce, and is found to be of excellent Ufe to break and difcufs the Wind, both in the Stomach and the Guts. It is ve¬ ry proper to be ufed with fuch Meats as are flatulent or windy, and fuch as breed much Moifture and Crudity. One Scruple of the faid Powder taken in a little Broth of Veal, or Chicken, does wonderfully comfort a cold Stomach, caufing Phlegm, or fuch like vi- fcous Humours to be Voided; it helps Dige- ftion, provokes Urine, and taken with Saxi¬ frage Water, expels the Stone in the Kidneys, and the Phlegm that breeds it; and uled in Meats, takes away Dimnefs or Miftinefs of Sight. Taken with Pilule 29 . Cyclamen radice exigua . C. B. Pin. 308* Sowbread with a very fmall Root. Cyclaminus parva radice . J. B. 3. 553. Cyclaminus aflivus. Clef. Hifi. 265. 30. Cyclamen oblonga radice . C.B. Pin. 308. Sowbread with an oblong Root. Cyclaminus odor at w Clufl Hift. 264. 31. Cyclamen vernum^album* C. B. Pin. 308* The vernal white Sowbread. Cyclaminus flora albo, verms. J. B. 3. 554. 32. Cyclamen vernum, flore rebro Paneit Lob • ob/erv . 332. Spring Sowbread with a red Flower. Cyclaminus flore rubro , graciliore. J. B. ^ 33.^ Cyclamen foliis viol aria, radice cordis ef- figie . C. B. Pin. 308. Violet-leav’d Sowbread, with a Root in the fliape of a Heart. Cycla- minus verms , /paries, flore luieo. J. B* 3* 554. Cyclamen vernum , Jpurium, Cluj• Htfi. App. alt. AuEl* Cyclamen is fo called from the Greek Word Ku*a©-, a Circle, becaufe of the round Leaves and Root of the feveral Species of this Ge¬ nus : For when they are without both Flower and Fruit, yet they maybe known by their roundiih and cornered Leaves, which are ge¬ nerally variegated with white and green. Their Roots are generally knobby. This Plant, tho J it feems not to be of common Ufe, yet it has many Virtues aferib- ed to it, particularly by the Aneients. Galen fays, That it cuts, cleanfes, and opens the Mouths of the Veins, as well as it digefts and draws * which is confirmed by Experi¬ ence ; for the Juice of it opens the Hemor¬ rhoids or Piles, and flrongly moves to Stool, being put up in Wool. And Me/ue the Ara¬ bian; lays, That being ufed by way of Giifter, it voids tough Phlegm. It is alfo mixed with fuch Medicines as difeufs Swellings, Kernels, and other hard Tumours in any Part of the Body. It likewife cures the Pinn, or Web in the Eyes, being infufed with Honey, and alfo voids it by the Nofe. Me/ue affirms. That by fnuffing up the Juice, the Head and Brain is purged from thofe Humours that of¬ fend it. It eafes the Head-Ach, Megrim, &c. Galen further declares. That if the Belly be bathed with the Juice, it will forceably move it downwards, and deflroy the Fcetus • and that a Pelfary will produce the fame Effeft. And tho 5 the Root is weaker than the Juice, yet being either drunk, or externally applied, it will provoke the Terms. It is or good Ufe for thole that have the Yellow Jaundice, to drive it out by Sweating, if the Patient takes 3 Drams of it in Powder, Mead or Ho¬ ney Water. It conduces likewife towards the cleanfing of all Deformities or Difco- lourings of the Skin, and all Freckles, or other Spots. Matthiolus fays, That the dril¬ led Water from the Roots fnuffed up into the Nofirils, flops bleeding to Admiration ; and that if 6 Ounces of that Water be drunk with an Ounce of fine Sugar, it will flop the bleeding of the Breaft, Stomach, or Liver in a wonderful manner. He fays, That to hin¬ der the Violence of i| in Purging, it is con¬ venient to mix therewith fome Maflick, or Nutmeg, or a Scruple of Rhubarb. It is alfo of excellent Ufe in the Cholick, and hard Swellings of the Spleen. He affirms, that if the Root thereof be be3ten with a few Peach Stone Kernels, and bitter Almonds, and af¬ terwards laid to fleep in Aqua-vita; for three Days, a drop or two of the exprefled Cream thereof dropped into Ears that are Deaf, or are affli&ed with a finging Noife, it will have a good Effe£h The Juice mixed with Honey or Plantane Water, and ufed as a Gargle, cures all manner of Sores in the Mouth or Throat, and the Tooth-Ach. Pliny fays, the Root is a good Antidote againft the Poifon of Serpents, and that it will kill Swine, which is contrary to the commonly received Opinion, that they love and greedily devour G g thefe 026 The Compleat Herbal . thefe Roots; and that from thence they re¬ ceived the Name of panis Porcinus , or Sow¬ bread. Theophrafius affirms, that the green Leaves, or rather the frefh Root put into a Cloth, and applied for fome time to the Pri¬ vities of a Woman in hard Labour, will help her to a fpeedy and eafy Delivery. Gerardc likewife affirms, That the Leaves damped with Honey, and the Juice put in the Eye, clears the Sight, and takes away all Spots and Webs, Pearl or Haw, and all Im¬ pediments of Sight; and is put into that ex¬ cellent Ointment call’d Unguentum ArthaniUe. And That, if the Root be beaten, and made up into Trochilckes or Cakes, it is reported to be a good amorous Medicine to make one in Love, if inwardly taken. It warms, dries, cuts powerfully, and Purges the Head. It is chiefly ufed in the Obftru£fion of Women’s Terms, in moving of a dead Eoetusy in the Jaundice, in expelling the Stone, in difcufling the King's-Evil , and other hard Tumours. It is to be ufed in¬ wardly with great Caution, and external ap¬ plications are moftly in ufe. Schrod . There is likewife made of its Flowers an Oil for the Pleurify, to be applied outward¬ ly : The Compofition of which you may fee in Hoffmans Thejaurus Pharmaceutic us: See xix. 3. Thus much may fuffice for the Cy- flamina or Sowbread. TABLE LXVIII. GENUS VIII. Mofchatellina, The Musk-wood- Crowfoot . T 1 H E Musl-wood-Crowfoot , is a Plant with ^ one Angle Flower A B, in the ihape of a Wheel, and cut into feve al Segments: out of whofe Cup E, rifes the Pointal D, faft- ned like a Nail in the Center of the Flower C, which according to the famous Mr. Ray s Obfervation, turns to a foft Fruit, or fuccu- 3 ent Berry, commonly full of flat Seeds. I know but one Species of this Plant, which is, Mofchatdlina joins fumari# bulbofo ]* B. 3. 206. Musk-wood-Crowfoot, with Leaves like bulbous Fumitory. Ranunculus nemorojus , Mu- Jcatellina dittus. G B. Pin. 178. Minimus Ra¬ nunculus Scptentrionalium , herbido mufcojo flore , & Mufcatella Cordi. Lob. Icon . 674. * It has a Root half an Inch, or an Inch long thick, white, with many Coats placed after the manner of Dogs Teeth, the inferior Ca¬ vity of which receives the folid Point of the upper, fucculent, without any perceptible Tafte, from the upper Cavities of the Coats fending forth many Fibres or Threads, fome fmall, white and very Jong, thro’ which it draws its Nourilhment; others larger, very white, like Threads, indented as it were by chance between the rare Intervals, and then fwelling to Knobs, by which it fpreads it felf widely under Ground. The Leaves are tender, and of a pale Green, indented like the Leaves of Fumitory, and reft by Couples or Threes upon oblon?, tender and brittle Foot-ftalks. As the Stalk differs nothing in Colour from the Foot-ftalks of the Leaves, fo neither is it much longer, four or five Inches long, Angle, girt in the middle with two Leaves oppofite to one ano¬ ther, fupported by very lhort and flender Foot-ftalks, exaftly like the reft above de- fcribed, excepting only that they are much fmaller. On the Top of the Stalk is placed a little Cubical Knob, made up of five Moffy Flowers, confiding only of one Angle Leaf ; but divided into five blunt Notches or Jaggs, reprefenting fo many Leaves, with a great many yellow Chives in the Center. The Flower Cup confifts of 3 Leaves. The Seed Veffel, which is thick and fucculent, infolds within it four Seeds. The Flowers and leaves fmell like Musk. With us it is in Flower about the end of March , or beginning of April . It is to be feen in lhady Hedges and Thickets, as alfo in many Places under Trees in a loofe and lan- dy Sjoil. After the Flowers fall, the Surface of the Plant is but of lhort Duration. To the Flowers fucceed lo many Fruits, likewife confiding of a moift and loft Pulp, generally with four little Seeds within, with oblong Bellies, and flat after the manner of Linfeed; as I oblerved this Summer, (An. 1685O My Friend and Neighbour, Mr. S. Dale, having furnilhed me with ripe Seeds. Ray* Since The Cowpleat Herbal. 227 Since the Fruit of this Plant, even when bearing Plant. Id. ripe, conAfts of a fort of foft moift Flelh or I don't find that this Plant is known Pulp, and Seeds inclofed within, it may be among Phyficians fo much as by Name, far juftly accounted a genuin and proper Berry- lefs by its Virtues, if it has any. SECT. VIII. Of ‘Plants with one ftngle Flower y in the Shape of a Wheel, whofe Flower-Cup turns to a Fruit. TABLE LXVIII. GENUS I. Pimpinella, Burnet. Urnet is a Plant with a Flower of one Angle Leaf, in the fhape of a Wheel, ge¬ nerally cut into four Segments, as deep as the Center, accompanied with many Chives A, or a tufted Pointal B; but the Flower- Cup C, afterwards turns to a Fruit D H, for the moft part quadrangular, piked at both ends, fometimes with only one Cell F, fome- times with two Cells E, full of Seeds, which are generally oblong G. The Species of this Plant are, " 1. Pimpinella Sanguiforba , major. C. B. Pin. 160. Great Burnet. Sanguiforba major , flore fpadiceo. ]• B- 3. Part 2. 120. Pimpinella five Sanguiforba , major. Math. 1033. This is the Major vulgaris of Pariinfon , and the Pimpinella Sylvefiris of Gerarde. It has a thick Root, growing obliquely, fomewhat bitter and afiringent. Its Leaves are twice as large as thofe of the Pimpinella minor , nine or eleven of which are joined to one Rib, re- fembling the Leaves of Betony, deeply fnipt or jaggea about the edges like a Saw, fmooth, of the fame Smell and Tafte with the leffer, rowing on both Ades of the Stalk, but not iredtly oppoAte to one another. The Stalks are taper, fmall, fmooth, two Cubits high and above, hollow within and channeled. The Flowers form large Tops or Tufts, or oblong Heads, of a greyifh or light brown Colour, cut into four Leaves, which reft upon four oblong quadrangular Seeds. The Flow¬ ers grow at the Top of the Stalks, nor does any Leaf grow immediately under them. 2. Pimpinella major, prxalta, auriculata , fa- bauda , Bocc. Muf. Part. 2. 19* Great, rigid,, tall, and auriculated Burnet, pimpinella auricu- lata , rigida. Ejufd. Tab. 9. 3. Pimpinella major , Hifpanica , fpica dilute rubente. H. R. Par. Large Spanifb Burnet , with a pale red Cone. 4. Pimpinella major, Hifpanica , alter a y con - glomerato flore. H.R. Par. Another large Spa* nijh Burnet , with a conglomerated Flower. 5. Pimpinella Canadenfis, fpica longa , rubente. H. R. Par. Burnet of Canada , with a long red Cone. Pimpinella maxima, fpica longa , rubra . Mor. H. R. Blef Pimpinella maggiore , fpic at a, di Canada, Zan. 16 1. 6. Pimpinella maxima Canadenfis. Corn • 174. The Great Burnet of Canada. Sanguiforba ma¬ jor , Americana , flore albo . Broff\ Great Ame¬ rican Burnet . The Root, which is vaftly large, and con- Afts of flefhy Fibres, fends up a Stalk, which at the end of the Spring, is round and jointed, from which bud forth many little Branches, adorned with Leaves growing out of the In- terftices, like our great Burnet , both in Form and Colour. The Chives of the little Bran¬ ches do not turn to a round Ball or Nut, but end in a Thoufand little Flowers, which com- pofe a tapering Spike. The Flowers gape by turns, the lower ones open Arft, and the up¬ per ones Iaft : Each of them conAft of four little Leaves oppoAte to one another in form of a Crofs, and are joined by a roundiih Cup, furrowed with four Cavities, almoft refem- G g 2 biing 228 The Compleat Herbal . bling the Folds of a plaited or contra&ed lit¬ tle round Purfe. Out of its Cavity arife three or four Chives- The Flower is of a whitifh Green. It differs in nothing from our common Barnet .either in Tafte. Smell, or Colour. 7. PimpinelU Agrimo aides, odor at 4 . H. R. Par. Plmpinella Agrimonoides Mor. H. R. Blef. Bccc. Rarior. plant. 58* At fir ft fight the Leaves, of this Plant feem to referable exa£lly thofe of Agrimony, and are in like manner rough and hairy, joined to a Rib after the manner of the other Bur- nets. When you touch them, they fend forth a nioft grateful Smell. The Stalks about a Foot long, on whole Tops come forth glo¬ merated Spikes, are Loaded with furrowed Seeds of a nioft agreeable Smell. 8. Pimpinella Sanguijorba , minor, hirfuta . C. B. Pin. 160* Sanguijorba minor. l.B* 3. Part 2. 113. PimpinelU Sanguijorba . Doa. Pempt. 105. This is the Sanguijorba minor, five vulgaris of Parlinfon , and the Sanguijorba Hortenfis of tjerarde . It has a Jong dark brown Root, with a cer¬ tain aftringent Bitternefs, fmall, and com- j>os-*d of feveral that all unite in one ; from whence arife Stalks of a Foot or Cubit long, of a light Brown, corner’d and branched • on which ftand Knobs wound Up or wreathed of feveral little Flowers fet very thick, each of which, after they have produced four Leaves, of a purple Colour without, and green with- 311, offer you numberlefs Chives, which are fometimes yellow, fometimes purple, fome¬ times ihort, at other times hanging dewn with a mofly Beard about an Inch long. Each ©f thefe little Flowers reft upon fingle, na¬ ked, ihort, quadrangular Seeds, which be¬ come of an aihy Colour when ripe. The Leaves grow in great Numbers from one Root, in Tafte and Smell like a Melon, but foraewhat aftringent, compos’d of many fmall Leaves joined like Finns to a red and rough Footftalk, or fmall Rib; being very fmall, roundifh, deeply jagged on every fide, of a dark Green on the upper fide, and Grey on the under. It is frequently to be met with in high Mea¬ dows, and Paftures, efpecially in a chalky Soil. In fome Places there grows to the Root of ibis Plant a red Grain, which the Dyers make ufe of to dye Crimfon; for which Reafoti fome have taken it for Coccus, or Verms Grain, and call it Coccus Radicum , according to the Teftimony of Lucuna and Anguillara. 9* PimpinelU Sanguijorba, minor, Uvis. C.B. Pin* r 60. io* PimpinelU Sanguijorba, inodor a* C-B* Pin* 160. Prodrom . 84. J* B* 3. Part* 2* 121* Un favory Burnet . It'differs Trom the common Sanguijorba mi¬ nor, both in the Leaves and the Smell. For in this the Leaves are longifh, which in the other are round; in this they fmell, in the other they have no Smell* It grows naturally in Spain * n* PimpinelU Sanguijorba, minor, Semine majore & crdjjiore . Bot . Monjp. 12. PimpinelU Spinoja , Jeu> Jempervirens* Mor. Umb. 57. Prickly or ever-green Bur net. Poterio ajfinis, foists Pimpinella, Spinoja . C* B* Pin* 388* Pcterium quibujdam, five PimpinelU Spinoja. J*B* 7. Part* 2* 410. XcthKeiov An- guilldra, poteritim Dalechampii. Cluj. Hifi . 108. This is the PimpinelU Spinoja of Parhnjon, and the Poterion Lobelii five Pimpinella Spi¬ noja Camerarii of Gerarde * It Springs up in Stalks that grow very clofe by one another, with many Branches hang¬ ing down to the Ground: but almoft all the Suckers fpring immediately from a red Root, of a dry and fomewhat bitterifh Tafte, being covered with an outer white, tender Bark, under which lies a reddifh one. The Leaves are very tender, placed in order over againft one another upon longifh little Foot-ftalks, the upper ones green on both fides, the un¬ der ones of an afhy Colour, much like our PimpinelU Sanguijorba * The Flowers appear early in the Spring, of an herby Colour, in the form of Stars, little, to which fucceed very fmall Berries, whitifh, mixed with a lit¬ tle red, refting in a certain Order upon the Branches, not unlike 6ur Currans, the Flow¬ er ftill appearing upon the Navel of each Berry. This Plant is perpetually green in Crete, and continues many Years. It is a very great Aftringent, and over all Greece it is common¬ ly called STviCnPct. Raumljius faw it growing upon the Declivity of Mount Libanus . It flowers in the end of Summer; in Autumn the Seed is ripe, when the Leaves firft break out, which then appear fhriyelled, and bear The Compledt Herbal. 22$ fome relemblance to the Leaves of Splccnmrt or Miltwafte, but are much fmaller, tho' in procefs of Time they appear larger. It is ufed indifferently by the common Peo- E le of Crete in all Fluxes ; for they drink the teco&ion of it in Water, and are thereby relieved, as they fay, from their Diftemper. The Species of Pimpinella may be known, even when they are without Flower or Seed, by the Leaves which are generally joined clofe to one another, and Ihining. Pimpinella feems to be a new Word (as al- fo Bipinella ) borrowed from the double Or¬ der of its Leaves, difpofed like Pens or Fea¬ thers, or from the fhape of a double Ax cal¬ led Bipennis. And it is called Sanguijorba, becaufe of its Efficacy in drinking up and flopping any Flux of Blood. Authors of good Judgment, take it to be the fame with the Sideritis Secunda of Diofco - rides, to which it fully anfwers both in Shape and Virtues; and the Greeks Inhabiting the Me of Chio , call it Sideritis to this Day. It is likewife thought to be the fame Plant, which in Perjis, is called Sifitiepteris, mention¬ ed by Pliny , Lib. 24. C. 9. who likewife calls it Dionyjionymphas , becaufe of the agreeable Flavour it gives to Wine. The 8th Species, which is the leffer com¬ mon Burnet , is much preferable to all the reft, for its excellent Virtues in the Cure of Difeafes, and its Ufe in exhilarating the Spi¬ rits. It warms, dries, attenuates, opens, cleanfes, diffolves the Stone, cures Wounds, &c. It is of a bitter Tafte. Its Principal Ufe is in preventing and curing Poifons and Con¬ tagious Difeafes, in opening the Obftru&ions of the Liver, Kidneys, Lungs, 'and Courfes: In Gravel, Stone, or Strangury, in Colicks* Coughs, Afthma, and Difficulty of breathing. Inflammation of the Lungs, Crudity or weak- nefs of the Stomach, in the French Difeafe. It is likewife an Antidote to Mercury. It is alfo of good Ufe applied externally, in clean- ling Spots on the Face; and in the Tooth- Ach. It increafes Milk, ripens Bubo's, and Cancerous Tumours, it cleanfes and clofes Wounds, as well green as old ones. It is an Ingredient in the Stomachick Powder of Quercetanus. And Child-bearing Women make life of the Powder of this Root in their; Pains, after their being brought to Bed. The Preparations made of this Plant are^ i* A Pickle or Candy of its Roots. 2. A Con¬ fection of its Roots and Seed. 3. A Conferva of its Seed. 4. Diftill’d Water from the Root, and the entire Herb in Flower, ga¬ thered in the Month of June. 5. Diftilfd Oil from the whole Plant with the Root, 6. Salt from the Allies. It may enter into Compofltions inftead of Macedonian Parfley, if that is wanting. If the green Plant is fteept in Wine, be¬ ing drunk it exhilarates the Heart, and gives the Wine a fine flavour, by communicating, to it an Aromatick tafte and fmell, very mudi like that of a Musk-Melon. Mr. Boyle , was wont to give the Powder of this Plant, or of the dry Root, with Conferve of Rofes in bleeding at the Nofe, fpitting of Blood, or in a Confumption. The fame Powder fprinkied upon Cance¬ rous Ulcers, hinders them from fpreading further. * 3 ° The Com fie at Herbal. The Third Clafs. Of Herbs and Under-Shrubs With a Flower of one fingle Leaf Anomalous. W E have given theName of Monopetalous Masked,becaufethey beat no bad refemblance (fingle leav’d) anomalous Flowers, to of the Face or Beak of certain Animals by certain one-leav’d Flowers of various their Lips and gaping. Yet perfonated Flow- Forms, that cannot be comprehended under ers, differ from lipped Flowers in the Cell of one fimple Name: Such as are the Flowers of their Seeds, which is quite different from the Birthmrt, Fox-Glove , Figmrt , &c. However, Cup ; whereas the Cell of the lipped Flower of thefe fome may be faid to be perfonated or had before been the Cup of the Flowers. SECT. I. Of Herbs with a Flower of one fingle Leaf Anomalous^ eared or cowled. TABLE LXIX. GENUS I. Arum. Wake-Robin, Cuckow-Pint. Rum> is a Plant with a Flower of one fingle Leaf, Anomalous , fhaped like an .Afle’s or a Hare’s Ear, as Cordus fays : From the bottom of the Flower rifes the Pointal B, accompanied with a great many Embryo’s C, all which turn afterwards to a Berry D, al- moft round, containing one or two Seeds E, that are roundifh F* To which we may add, That the Leaves are not divided, or at leaf! hut gently dented. The Species of this Plant are, i- Arum vulgar e, non maculatum* GJB* Pin. 195* Common unfpotted Wake-Robin^ Arum Haber n* Icon* 746. This is the Arum maculatum , & non macula - turn of Pariinfon , and Arum 2. & 3. five ma - culatum maculis candidis vel nigris , & vulgare non maculatum of C. Bauhinus. The Root is ruberofe or knobby, fomewhat taper, tranfverfe, fending fibres quite round into the Earth, white within, propagating it felf by little knobs budding out or its fides ; from the one Extreme of which, three, four, but rarely five, Leaves come out, which wi¬ thering in the Winter, new Leaves fpring out of the contrary Extreme the next Spring. The Leaves are oblong, triangular, called Arrows, but pretty broad, and not much winged, fmooth, fhining both above and be¬ low, but in fome Parts more and fome lefs green, fometimes befet with black Spots, of a moll biting tafte, as the Root is, and piercing the Tongue like a Needle, and that for a Jong time after you have tailed it: Among thefe rifes a Stalk about 4 Inches long, taper, furrowed, on the Top of which there flicks out lair, Arum Otalwi <7r Cuckon/^7 J Inc. The Compleat Herbal. 2 31 out of a long membranous Sheath a naked, fide, thick oblique Nerves run along to the oblong, dark purple Pointal, flraitly begirt on Edges, being derived from the Rib that runs the lowermoft part with a Crown of Chives, the whole length of the Leaf, and are cut under which there is a Branch or duller of acrofs waving!y by little Veins : but the thick Berries of the colour of red Lead, when ripe, Footllalk is not inferred at the end of the and which grow very thick. After the mem- Leaf, but fome Inches within the Leaf, branous Sheath and Pointal have continued a This Plant is faid never to produce Flow- good while, they wither and drop off ers in its native Soil of Egypt, Crete and Cy- It grows almoft every where in the Begin- prus, where it grows fpontaneoufly and in ning of the Spring about Hedges, and in great plenty: Alpinus, Bellonius , and others ihady Places. .declaring, they could never fee it flowering 2. Arum maculatum, maculis candidis . C. B* in Egypt, tho’ they were at great Pains to ob- Pin. 195. White-lpotted Wake-Robin* Arum • ferve it,* and that the Egyptians laugh’d at J.B* 2. 783. E)od. Pempt . 328* them, when they delired them to fliew them 3. Arum maculatum , maculis nigris . C. B. the Flower and Fruit of the Colocafta, becaufe 195. Black-fpotted Wake-Robin, they affur’d themfelves that it was deflitute 4. Arum maculatum , folio fubrotundo* H. R. of any Flower or Fruit. But that it fome- Par. Spotted Wake-Robin, with a roundilh times flowers in Italy , the learned Fcr. impe- Leaf* ratus , and Fab. Column a, took notice to Alpi- 5. Arum venis albis , nigris lituris macula- nus, and his own Experience did afterwards turn* H. R. Par. White-vein’d fVake-Robin, convince him of his former Miftake. with black Streaks. Arum venis albis, lituris This fame Plant in the inner Garden of nigris fignatum* Mor. H. R-Blefi Alpinus , grew with a ftraight round Stalk, 6. Arum venis albis, Italicum , maximum • about the thicknefs of AJparagus, with Leaves H R. Par. The great white-vein d Italian, of the fame Colour, on the l op of which ap- Wake-Robin . peared a vagina or Sheath, or long Cover very 7. Arum venis albis* C.B* Pin. 193. Arum like the Infoldings of Arum> butleffer, very majus , veronenje . Lob. Obferv. 32 6* thin at the Extremity, fhut clofe of all fides, 8. Arum Byzantinum • J. B. 2* 785* Cluf* of a Golden colour mix’d with Green. That Hi ft • 74. The Conftantinopolitan Wake-Robin . for two Days it Aretched it felf longwife, and 9. Arum Arabium, fiore maculato . H. Oxon. lent forth a Flower about the length of one’s Sherard. Pluck. Almag. Bot. 50* little Finger, and the thicknefs of large Pep- 10. Arum Ceylanicum, humile, latijolium, per, of a white Colour, and refembling a piftillo coccineo • H. Amft* 97* Serpent’s Tail, or like a Serpent’s Tongue 11. Arum Maximum , zAEgyptiacum, quod thruft out of its Mouth. Since what Co- vulgo Colocafta . C. B. Pin. 193. The great lumna relates, concerning the Flowers of Egyptian Wake-Robin , commonly the Colocafta. this Plant obferved by himfelf; does not well Colocafta . J. B. 2. 790. Cluj* Hi ft* 75. Culcaj, agree with the Account of Alpinus , 1 fhall Faba oALgyptia. P. Alp. Exot. 39. therefore fet down what he fays in his own The Root is tuberofe , thick and large, ac- Words. It is peculiar (Tays he) to this cording to Clufius and Bauhinus , double the Plant not to fend forth a Stalk, but in lieu one over the other, with a Neck interveen- thereof it firfl brings forth a Leaf, like a lin¬ ing, fo that it feems fo reprefent a little Flag- tie Bag, which a little Footflalk at the bot- gon, L P'Aiptnus , obferved the Roots to be tom of: it diftinguifhes from the other of a double Figure, fome long, and fome Leaves; for that Which is to bear Flowers, round, about the Bignefs of a Quince • thefe is baggy at.bottom. It is likewife peculiar laft are red without, and white within, and to this" Plant, that it does not fend forth one are obferved to be of a iharp bitter aflrin- Angle Flower, but many, and thofe bv gent Tafle] is eatable, white within, and pro- threes, out of each low baggy Footllalk of pagating it felt by fibres that flick to it. The the Leaves, in the fbape of our common Leaves grow by threes or fours, in the fhape Arum, cowled, but not very hollorn narrow and bignefs of thofe of the Water-Lilly, ha- leav’d, much like the Friars Cowl, having an ving alfo long and roundilh Wings on both ere& Catkin in the middle, tapering towards (ides, thick and fmooth; but on the back the Top, half a Foot long, and then turn¬ ing 332 T he Cotnpleat Herbal. ing to a Berry like a Grape, as in the Arum ; but fmooth. That this Plant therefore is but then all more oblong, narrower and not the Colocafia , or Egyptian Bean of the An- fmoother, of a fainter Colour, and odori- tients is fo manifeft, that it would be but ferous, of a grateful Smell, betwixt a Lilly loft Labour to fpend any Time in confuting and a Daffodil, and wither in three Days the contrary Opinion. You may, if you rime, beginning to flower from the bottom, pleafe, confult K Columna , upon this Head, and breaking out by degrees, one after ano- The Egyptian Name Culcas, feems to have hi¬ ther. Alpinus was told, that he never duced the Moderns to embrace that Opi- brought the pale Fruit, in the fliape of a nion. Grape, to perfeS maturity in Italy. This Plant grows fpontaneoufly in the Ri- Columna defcribes the Root to be big knd vulets and watery Places of Egypt • and the bulbous, much like a Squill, brown without, Inhabitants cultivate it with much Care and and whitifh within, fpreading it felf ob- Induftry. But it is not fpontaneous in Egypt Jiquely by its Bulbs, not like that of a Reed, only, but in Crete likewife, according to\he with rough joints, but fmooth and round. Obfervations of Bellonius , and in Syria, ac- Aipinus obfeiVd the Roots to differ in cording to the Teftimony of Raumlfius; and fhape ; and that the one was a large thick alfo in Cyprus and Sicily, as others relate. Root, and the other between long and Nay, F Donatus de Eremita , found it fre- round. The Leaves of the former, are ob- quently in the Territory of Salerno in Italy, ferved to be much lefs fmaller and more ta- in a certain Valley, in a watery low Ground pering, and of a faint green Colour; the above a Place call’d the Gate dell 3 Annunciat a, Footftalks are likewife much finer, and the as F. Columna relates. Tafte much iharper and more biting. But The Root is much fought after in Egypt, the Root is much fmaller, darker without, Syria , and other Eaftern Countries for their but within not fo white as the other; and Tables, and the Inhabitants do frequently likewife of a more biting Tafte ,• it alfo feems eat it boil’d; nor is there a lefler Number of to go down into the Earth, like the Root of Men faid to be fed with it, than there are in a Beet. He fays this Species is not very com- Germany with Turnips, (tho’ they do not mon, and never bore Flowers in Italy, as far want both thefe and Carrots) however it is as he could learn. not fo agreeable to their tafte. F. Columna The roynd ones feem’d to differ from the adds, That this Root is much fought after at former, in that they were much broader Napoli by the Turks and African Slaves, who than them, and as it were flat and broad, efteem it very much in their Meals. Bontius which have this peculiar to them, that they writes, That it is of a Poifonous Nature, do not all bud in the middle of the End of and that it is not eatable, till after it has the Root, but quite round, producing no been fteep’d three Days in Water. Bud in the Center of the End of the Root. 12. Arum Egyptiacum, florigcrum> & fruftum £He had faid before that, fome of them did ferens , radice magna, orbiculari. Pluck. Almag. bud in the Center of the End of the Root, Bot. 51. Flower and Fruit-bearing (Egyptian as all other bulbous Plants do • And Columna Wake-Robin, with a big round Root; Coloca - fays, that the Root of this Plant is bul- pa lALgyptia, florida. Veiling. Obf. 38. Arum bou$.] e ALgyptium, Multiflorum • Col. Part 2.1. The Root, and the whole Plant is fharp 13. Arum Maximum , Egyptiacum, quod and biting, in the fame manner as Arum , vulgo Colocafia, cauliculis nigric antibus, Zeyla- tho’ fomewhat milder, and is therefore made nica. H. L.Bat. Great Egyptian Wake-Robin, life of in Food and otherwife. It differs commonly call’d Colocafia, with little dark from common Wake-Robin, in that the mid- Stalks, of Zeylan* Colocafia Strongylorhi&a, Zey- dle Catkin is adorned with little Flowers lanica, pediculis & limbis foliorum atropuniceis. one half of the lower part, and on the o- Par. Bat. 15* ther falls away tapering; whereas in the 14. Arum Maximum , macrorbizon, Zeyla- common Wake-Robin, the Catkin is fmall on nicum* Par. Bat. Arum Maximum , Zeylanicum 9 the lower part, and thicker on the upper, in foliis nervofis. Prodr* Par. Bat. the Figure of a PointaJ, without, Flowers, . It The Compleat Herbal. 233 It bears a near Refemblance to the Colocafia MacrorhUa of Alpirns, for it is flelhy, as thick as one’s Arm, growing tranfverfely, yellow without, and pale within, being mark¬ ed with a great many little Knobs and Beits, as if they were Joints. The Leaves come forth out of die Knobs in heaps. They re- femble the Leaves of Arum in fhape, but then they are much larger, equalling the Leaves of the Plantain-Tree for largenefs, compared with very ftrong prominent Fi¬ bres or Ribs, and undulated about the Edges, of a chearful and moll: delightful Green. Their Footftalks are very long and hollow, grow clofe in ihape of a Stalk in the lower part, where they embrace one another very clofely, which fometimes are as thick as one s Arm, and three Foot high. The Flower is whitilh, and gives a mod fragrant Smell. In other Refpe&s, it refembles the reft of its Kind, excepting only its Bignefs. It like- wife poflefles the fame Temperament and Harmony of Qualities with them. It grows in Zeylan, at the fides of Ditches, and in Lakes that become dry in Summer. It is readily multiplied by Knobs pluck’d from the Roots, and planted in the Earth. It can¬ not bear the Winters of Holland. The Inhabitants eat the dried Roots boiled, and freed from their volatile Sharpnefs, like the other forts of Arum. 15. Arum Africanism, flore albo , odorato. Prod. Par. Bat. African Wake-Robin, with a white fweet fmelling Flower. Arum £thio - picum , flore albo , odorato . Hort. Amot. 9 5. 16. Arum Jndicum, magno flore. H. R. Par. The Indian Wake-Robin, with a large Flower. Arum Indicum bicubit ale, amplo flore . MoriJ. H. R.Blef. 17. Arum minus, Nymphea foliis, efculentum . Sloane . Catal. Plant. Jam. Indian Caile, or Ta- jau the lefler. Brajflca Brafiliana, foliis Nym- phea. C. B. P. iii. Arum Ceylonicum minus, cau- liculis nigricantibus, & viridantibus f oliis Colo- cajflde jimilibus. Cornel. Cat. Horft. Amft. Chou Caraibe de Tertue. The Root of this Plant is knobby, fmall, but larger than a Walnut; it Ihoots out ma¬ ny Leaves raifed from the Ground upon Footftalks about a Foot long, very much like thofe of Colocafia , only leffcr,- of a yel- Jowilh Green, exactly refembling the Leaves of the white Nymph xa in Colour, Shape, Ribs, G 7 c. The Flowers and Fruit reft upon a particular Shoot or Footftalk, as in the other Wake-Robins . 18. Arum minus, efculentum , Sagittaria foliis viridi-nigricantibus.Sloane. Cat. Plant. Jam. 63. Arum minus, Sagittaria foliis ex Infula Barb-a¬ dos. Pluck. Tab. 149. Fig. 2. Both this and the former have a milky Leaf, according to the Teftimony of Marc- grave, who calls die Footftalks of the Leaves Stalks, becaufe of their length and thick- nefs. 19. Arum Americanum, majus, foliis colli columbini adinflar verficoloribus. D. Lign. Great American Wake-Robin, with Leaves of various Colours like a Pigeon’s Neck. 3D. Arum Americanum, feandeny amplifflmo folio, flore albo. American climbing Wake-Robin, with a very large Leaf, and a white Flower. Cohca/iaHederacea, flenlis, latifolia. Plumier.37. Fig. 3. who afterwards found the Plant in Flower. 21. Arum Americanum, fcandens, angufiion folio. American climbing Wake-Robin, with a narrower Leaf. Colocafia Hederacea, fierilis, an- gufitifolia. Plum. 22. Arum Americanum , fcandens, foliis cor - diformibus. American climbing Wake-Robin, with Leaves in the form of a Heart. Colocafia Hederacea, minor, folio cordato . Plum. 23. Arum Hederaceum, amplis foliis, psrfo - ratis. Plum. 40. Fig. 56. Ivy-leav’d Wake- Robin , with large perforated Leaves. Clema¬ tis Malabarenfis, foliis vitis, colore Dracunculi . C. B. Pin. 301. Lignum Colubrimim r. Acofia . Lugd. 1911. Itfticks to the Trunks of Trees like Ivy. The Stalk which climbs up, is above an Inch thick, and looks fcaly after the Fall of the Leaves; and is fomewhat ftirivell’d, and of a pale Alhy Colour: But the Seats of the fain Leaves are Green, and marked with a great many little Holes. It fpreads forth Roots on both fides, moftly fmall and fhort, fome oblong, and thicker than a Quill, red-, very flexible, and adhering to the Trunks of Trees. The inner Subftance of the Stalk is white and flelhy, with Fibres intermixed. It fends forth Leaves on both fides, which grow very clofe to one another, efpepially towards the Top, aim oft a Foot and a half long, nine or ten Inches broad, pointed at the End, and round at the Footftalk, (which is H h. about $34 Hfe Compleat Herbal. about a Foot long, and as thick as one’s lit¬ tle Finger, channelled from the middle, down to the lowernioft part, the reft being round, and fwelling a little at the Place where it is infer ted into the Leaf) fmooth, membranous, tender, dyed with a delight¬ ful Greennefs, brighter above than below, ftrengthened with a middle Nerve or Rib, and many Branches derived from it, running up obliquely. The Fruit is of an admirable Structure, much like an Ear of Turkifh Corn, in a Cylindrical form, but round at the up¬ per End, about five Inches long, and one inch Diameter, very tender, fmooth, and of a Golden Colour, with the Figure of a Hexa¬ gon , about the bignefs of a Lentil , and dif- pos’d after the manner of Honey Combs. In the middle of each Figure, there is as it were a little Box, a little longer than broad, of an azure Colour. Our Author found it in many Places in Martinico. 24. Arum arbor efcens , Sagittaria foliis. Plum. 44. Fig. LX. 25. Arum caulefcens Cdnme Indie# foliis . Plum. 45. Fig. LXI. 26. Arum foliis rigidis , anguflis & acumi- vatis . Plum. 47. Fig. LXIL 27. Arum amplis foliis cordiformibus, radice • nodofa , rubra . Wake-Robin, with large Leaves in the fhape of a Heart, with a knotty red Root. Dracuncttltis amplis foliis, cordatis , ra¬ dice nodofa rubra. Plum. 48* Fig. LXIII. 28* Arum Americanum, amplijjimo folio, flore & fructu rttbro . Plum. Great-leav’d Ame¬ rican Wake-Robin , with a red Fiower and Fruit. 25?. Arum Americanum, feandens , maximum , flore flavefeente. Plum. Great-climbing Ame¬ rican Wake-Robin , with a yellowifh Flower, 30. Americanum, feandens, ampliffimo folio , frullu longijjimo. Plum- Climbing-JS«e- Wfefo-Xoto, with a vaft large Leaf, and very long Fruit. 31. Americanum , inalr amethyftinis , pm/o flore. Plum. American Wake-Robin , with amethyft , or purple coloured, Berries, and a final] Flower. 32. Arum hifolium, Arabicum, maculatum, Ardabar MatthA a Sanclo tfofeph. Par. Bat. Arum India Orientalls, Ardabar diElum , foliis fecuris inflar , maculaiis. Menu Riant a Orientate* Zan. Tab. 78. This Plant, according to Father Mattheo , has a Root like common Wake-Robin, with fome little Roots joined to it. From this Root rifes a Stalk furrounded with green Prickles, which rifes fix Hands high. On its Top grows a Pyramid, compofed of green Berries in likenefs of Cypreis, which turn red when ripe, with a Pall in the middle. There are two Leaves, which rife equally up from the Root, from whence they derive their Original, one inferted into the other, out of the middle of which Springs up the Rod or Stalk with Leaves in the fhape of a Semicircle, of a green Colour mixed with red, ftained with black Spots, and are very pleafant to behold. The Fruit and Root are extremely hot, and are made ufe of by the Indians againft cold Diftempers. 33. Arum Scorzonerx folio. Wake-Robin, with the Leaf of Vipers Grafs. Arif arum an- gufiifolitm Diofcoridis, forte . C. B. Pin. 196. Arum anguftifolium. Dod. Pempt. 332. 34. Arum Scorzonera folio , alterum; Ser- pent aria minor, Saxatilis , Sicula , Arifari angu- flifolii foliis. Bocc. Muf. Part* 2. 137. Serpen- tar ia minor , Arifari angufiifolii foliis • Ejufd. Tab. 87. 35. Arum Angufliffmo folio. Arif arum an - guft folium, minimum. Bocc. Rarior. Plant. 80. The Root of every Species of this Plant, but efpecially of the fpotted one, has an ex¬ traordinary Acrimony, fo that if you once Tafte it in the Spring when it is fulleft of uice, it will bite your Tongue the whole ! 3 ay. But how biting foever it be, if it be but thoroughly dried and kept for fometime, it lofes all its Acrimony, and becomes in- fipid. All the Roots, while they are green and tender, drop a milky Juice, when cut open. The Arum, which Galen fays, was eatable in Egypt like a Turnip, was doubtlefs that Sort which we commonly call Colocajia ; and yet Dr. Tancred Robinfon acquainted me, from the Obfervation of Hdbige , upon his return from India, that in fome Places the Indians made ufe of this Root boil’d infiead of Bread; for in that Place it grows very large and thick. Perhaps he means the laid Colo - cafia, which is indeed a Species of Arum , and grows in great abundance in the Eafl- Indies , of which the Indians of tfava, Malaia , and the Chinefes make Bread, as Bontius re¬ lates, who has given us this account of it. Alpinus T 'he Cowpleat Herbal. 23$ Alpinus fays, the Colocafia may be eaten, which ally; and is commonly called Gerfa y from a is really true; but this is to be underftood Corruption of the Word Cerofja : This with caution, left the ignorant fhould endan- makes the Skin wonderfully clear and bright, ger their Life, lince this- Plant is in its Na- Matthiol. ture poifonous. Wherefore the People of The People about Maidfione, a confider- Java macerate thefe thick Roots, after having able Town in Kent , make ufe of this Herb cut them into Slices, for three or four Days and its Roots, inftead of Soap, to waih their in running Water, that fo the mucilaginous Linnen. Skippon. Subftance of them may be walhed away : For That tender hearted Samaritan, B, Beynon , in this Mucilage, does its Poilonous quality while he was alive, difcovered to me, That coniift. Then having firft fqueez’d them in the Roots of Aram or Wake-Robin mixt with a Prefs, they put them out to dry in the Powder of Brimftone, was a Sovereign Re- Sun, and then beating them to a Powder, medy in a Confumption. Ray. they make Cakes of them in lieu of Bread The Root muft be dug up when the Plant and Rice. Befides, while they boil this Root, begins to Sprout, in the Month of they throw away the Water it was boil’d in, March , when it is full of Juice. This Root and boil it over again in frefti Water, and is the balls in the Stomachick Powder of then they eat it with Vinegar, Oil and Pep* j Quercetantu. From this Root likewife is di- per, as we eat red Beets. Ray. /bill’d an Alexipharmack Water, which is a In a continued quotidian Fever, the Lees Prefervative or Antidote againft: the Plague* or Dregs of this Root inftead of a digeftive, a Spoonful of which, Morning and Evening, far exceeds all others. Soame a Dolai. Lib. 3. is the proper Dofe. Schrod. Hojfm. Cap. 14. S. 18* The Powder taken in Wine, or other Li- The Root, (of that Species, efpecially quor, the Juice or Powder of the Berries, or which has fpotted Leaves,) whether dry or Wine wherein they have been boil’d, pro¬ green, beat, and taken to the weight of vokes Urine, brings down Women’s Terms, about a Dram, is a fure and infallible Reme- when they are obftru&ed, purges them effe- dy againft Poifon, or the Plague : Some add dually after Child-bearing, and brings away an equal Quantity of Theriac . Tragus . And the After-birth. Taken with Sheep’s Milk, a little after he fays, I hardly know a better it heals the inward Ulcers of the Bowels ; or more healthful Herb than the frelh Leaves the diftilfd Water is likewife effectual to all of Aram, applied to any Boil or Plague the abovefaid Purpofes; a Spoonful where- Sore. . of taken at a time cures the Itch. An Ounce The Root boiled and taken with Honey, or more taken at a time for fome Days to- cures all pituitous Difeafes of the Breaft 3 gether, cures Ruptures. The Leaves either for it Powerfully expectorates thick and green or dry, or the Juice of them, cleanfes tough Matter, and therefore is of excellent all manner of rotten and filthy Ulcers, and Ufe to fuch as are affii&ed with an Ajlhma. the {linking Sores in the Nofe called Polypus, It cures Ruptures, and promotes Urine. and heals them alfo. The Water wherein The fame dried is a notable Remedy for the Root has been boiled, dropped into the the Scurvy : Nor is it of lefs Efficacy in the Eyes, cleanfes them from any Film or Skirt Difeafes of the Liver and the Womb, when beginning to grow over them, and removes they proceed from cold Caufes. Clouds or Mifts that hinder and abate the For the Gout, Take of the Leaves of Sight, and prevents their watering and Red- Wake-Robin , beat them, and apply them warm nefs. The Root mixed with Bean Flower* with Cows Dune : They are of excellent and applied to the Throat or Jaws enflamed. Virtue, fays Matwioius* relieves them. The Juice of the Berries Our Women make diftill’d Waters of the boiled in the Oil of Roles, or the Berries Root of Aram for a Waft, which they extol alone made into Powder, mixed with the highly, for removing of Wrinkles, and ma- Oil and dropped into the Ear, eafes the Pairs king the Face to fhine: Which the Juice of and Smart of that Part. The Leaves and the Roots dried in the Sun, and refembling Roots boiled in Wine with a little Oil, cure Cerufe or white Lead, does yet more effe&u- the Piles, or the falling down of the Funda- H h 2 merit. 226 The Covipleat HerbaL nient, which is likewife effe£led by Sitting over the hot Fumes of them. The frefti Roots bruifed, and diftilied with a little Milk, yield a moil Sovereign Reme¬ dy to cleanfe the Skin from Scurf, Freckles,. Spots, or any Blemifhes whatfoever. Before we take leave of this Genus fo fruitful in Species and Virtues, we mull beg leave to fubjoin the Chymical Analyfis of’ it, that fo we may the better form a judgment of the Caufes of its Efficacy in feveral Re- fpe&s. We may conje£ture from its making blew Paper turn red, that it contains a Salt in fome Sort like that which refults from the Mixture of the Spirit of Nitre, and Sal Ammoniac, fweetned by a very muddy Juice, all which Parts are found in Wake-Robin. By a Chymical Analyfis of it, we draw from it \ r ery acid Liquors, and a moft Volatile con¬ crete Salt. The Juice of the Leaves of Arum, a little thickned over the Fire, lofes an Uri¬ nous Spirit, when it is mixed with the Oil of Tartar. As for the muddy Juice, the Fire deftroys it, and feparates from it abundance of Oil, Phlegm, and Earth, which by their mixture formed that vifeous Liquor. But it is probable, that fome Parts of the Salt of this Plant are more dilingaged than the reft ; for in Tailing this Plant, one feels as it were the Pricking of a Needle or Lancet, which from Time to Time, pierces the Tongue with abundance of vivacity. From whence may be affigned a Reafon, why a Dram of this Root dried and powdered diflolves that thick and muddy Lymplia, which in an Afth- ma, and an inveterate Cough, commonly fluffs the Velides of the Lungs.; and which in a Cachexy, Scurvy,, and intermitting Fe¬ vers, corrupts the Leven of the prima Via, and obftrulls the Vifcera or Bowels : This Powder may be mixed with a like Quantity of Sugar, and Cinamon, in order ta cure Palenefs. TABLE LXX. GENUSII. Dracunculus, Dragons'. IXRagons, is a Plant with Flowers and Fruit like Wike-Robin , but Leaves cut into va¬ rious and deep Notches A* 1. Dracunculus Polyphyllus. C. B. Pin. ip^. Many-leav’d Dragons. Dracunculus Major vulgaris. J. B. 2. 789* Dracontium. Dod. Pempt. 329. Dracontium or Serpent aria, takes its Name from its Stalks, being fpotted like a Serpent’s Skin. This larger Dracunculus or Dragons , has a Root that goes deep into the Earth, almoft quite round, as big as to fill one’s Hand, at the fidcs of which there ufe to grow many (mall Bulbs, by which it propagates it felf, without of the Colour of Boxwood, within •white, and very hot to the Tafte. It has one ftraight Stalk, about an Inch thick or more, two Cubits high, exa£tly reprefenting the fpotted back of a Serpent, conlifting of Membranes folded one upon another. The Leaves, which are placed upon fun¬ gous Footftalks nine Inches long, are cut in¬ to Segments in the ftiape of one’s Finger, with the Smoothnefs and Shining of Wake- Robin, and the fame Thicknefs and Colour: Out of the middle of which breaks forth a Stalk, fcarce tlie thicknefs of one’s little Fin¬ ger, from whofe fhaft comes forth a Sheath or Husk about a Foot long, of an herby Co¬ lour, within of a purple Red, fending forth from its Bofom a black Pointal, larger than the Pointal of the Arum, and ending in a fliarper Point. Then follows a branchy Fruit, with red Grains when ripe.. The Smell of the Flower is very ftinking. 2. Dracunculus Polyphyllus, foliis ex luteo variegatis . H. R. Par. The many-leav’d Dra¬ gons , with Leaves variegated with yellow. 3. Dracunculus Polyphyllus, foliis venis alb is eleganter firiatis . Many-leav’d Dragons , with "Leaves beautifully ftriped with white Veins. Arum Polyphyllum , Dracunculus & Serpent aria ditt urn,foliis venis alb is eleganter firiatis* Pluck* Almag. Bof. 52. 4. Dracunculus Polyphyllus , major, Indicus , ferotinusy immaculato caule. H. R. Par. The many-leav’d, large, Indian , late Dragons , with an unfpotted Stalk. Dracontiummajus, caule glauco , immaculato. Par. Bat. 5. Dracunculus Polyphyllus , minor, Indicus , immaculato caule • Dracontium caule immaculato, minus & humilius. Par. Bat. Arum Polyphyllum, Dracunculus & Serpentaria dittum, caule mn maculato, minus & humilius . H. L. Bat. 6 . Dra~ ^ 33 r ac un c ulu s. ^ra^-crru The Compleat Herbal . 237 6. JDracunculus Zeylanicus, Polyphyllus , caule afpero, e* & viridi variegato. The many-leav'd Dragons of Zeylan, with a prickly Stalk, variegated with yellow and green. Dracontium Zeylanicum, ramofo folio, cat vsrft/i ^ flavo variegato, Par. Bat. 7. Dracunculus Zeylanicus, Polyphyllus , £V?«/e afpero, virefcente, maculis albicantibtts notato. The many-leav'd Dragons of Zeylan, with a rough green Stalk, marked with whitifh Spots. Arum Polyphyllum, Ceylanicum, caule Jcabro , •wridi, diluto^ maculis albicantibus notato. H- Amft. 990. 8. Dracunculus Zeylanicus polyphyllus , afpero, maculis viridi-fufcis, viridi-dilutis, & al¬ bicantibus pulchre notato . The many-leav*d Dragons of Zeylan , with a rough Stalk, beau¬ tifully marked with dark Green, lightilh Green, and whitifh Spots. Ceylanicum, Polyphyllum , 4 /pm>, maculis viridi-fufcis, viridi-dilutis, & albicantibus pulchre notato . H. Amft. 101. 9. Dracunculus Americanus, caule afpero, pu- niceo, Cyclaminis. American Dragons, with a rough Icarlet Stalk, and a Root like that of Sowbread. Dracontium Americanum, Scabrfii puniceo caule, rW/ce Qclaminis . Par. Bat. 10. Dracunculus Polyphyllus, foliis lituris albi¬ cantibus obliquis, notatis • Many-leav'd Dragons , with Leaves fpotted with whitifh oblique Stains. 11. Dracunculus %eylanicus, Spinofus , Poly - podii foliis , repente . Prickly Dragons of Zeylan, with Leaves of Polypody, and a creep¬ ing Root. Dracontium Zeylanicum, Spinofum, Polypodii foliis, radice repente. Par. Bat. 12. Dracunculus Zeylanicus, polyphyllus, cau¬ le Icevi , with a Stalk divided into three. Dracontium Z^-nicum, ramofo folio , ? maximum . Par. Bat. 14. Dracunculus Americ anus. Scan-dens . The climbing American Dragons. Dracontium He - deraceum, Polyphyllum. Plum. 40. Fig. 64. 1 Dracunculus Americ anus, Scandens, try- phyllus & aunt us. Climbing American Dra¬ gons , with three Leaves in the ihape of an Ear. Dracontium pie deraceum, tryphyllum ( 2 ? an - 1 ritum . Plum. 41. Fig. 53. 16. Dracunculus Canadenfis, try phyllus, pumi- lus. Three-leav'd dwarf Dragons of Canada „ Arum humile, Arifarum dittum Virgtnicnje, tn- phyllum . Pluck. Phytog* Tab. 148. Fig. 6. This is the Arum triphyllum Virgimanum of™ Morifon, with a pale Flower, and a Pointab of a dark Red, which was fent from Virginia by Mf. Banifier. It has-a Root much like that of Arum, roundilh, knobby, with fmall Fibres growing upon it; The Stalk riles from the Top of the Root, and is about nine Inches or a Foot long, fpotted towards the bottom, erect, and fmooth; upon which is expanded a Leaf divided into three Parts.* Each of thefe Divifions is four Inches long, and two Inches broad, pointed and lharp at both Ends, having four Veins running long- wife, with many finall Fibres- or Threads. 23$ T/tf Compleat Herbal . The Flower, which grows on the Top of its own Foot-flalk about four Inches long, is of a pale Green, like common Arum, contain¬ ing in the Center a fhort Pointal of a deep purple Colour. 17. Dracunculus Americanus, Colocafia foliis laciniatis. .American Dragon r, with fnipped or jagged Leaves,like Colo'cajia Colocafia.Hederacea , fterilis & lacinUta. Plum. 38* Fig. LIII. Per¬ haps this may be the Arum maximum , altijjl- mas [candens arbores, joliis Nymph*# Iaciniatis of Dr. Sloane, Catal. Jam. Upon each Knot of the Stalk it fends forth two or three long Roots, about a Line thick. The Foot-ftalks are longer and thicker than thofe of the Colocafia He derace a, fierilis lari- folia , and the Leaves near to the fame big- nefs, confiftency, and Colour, deeply notch¬ ed round the Edges, like the Palma Cbrijii . From the middle Nerve or Rib of the Leaf, there is a pretty thick Fibre that reaches to the Extremity of each Segment. It grows in great abundance in a certain Valley, in the Ifland de la Tortue. The Plant deferibed by Dr. Sloane , had a green Stalk, with feveral Tendrels, by the help of which, it climb’d up the Trunks of Trees 20 or 30 Foot high ; The young Leaves refembled thofe of the Nymphcea, but the full grown ones were jagged and fnipped round the edges 5 by which it is fufficiently diftinguilhed from the other Species. This grows in the greater Woods of the Caribbees and Jamaica. Its Leaves bruifed, and mixed with Hogs Lard afford an excellent PJaifter for oldUlcers in the Legs, which one of our Ship’s Crew learnt from an Indian . Dampiere . 18. Dracunculus Americanus , humilis , fiore & frtitlu adbo. American dwarf Dragons , with a white Flower and Fruit. Plum. ip. Dracunculus Americanus , piftillo, viridi longiffimo. American Dragons , with a very long green Pointal. Arum , feu Arif arum Vir- ginianum , Dracentii foliis , Pene viridi , longo, acuminato. Pluck. Phytog. Tab. 271. Fig. 2. 20 . Dracunculus Indicus, folio quinquefidc. Indian Dragons ? with a Leaf divided into five parts. Romphal pianta Orient ale, Zan. 205. Romphal is commonly called Igynomc ; It bears an oblong Flower with one Leaf, pricked after the manner of Tuppa, of a yel¬ low Colour i a penetrating Smell; out of the Center of it rifes a Pointal or Tongue like a Serpent’s Tongue, but not pricked, of a yellowilh Colour. The Trunk is tall, equally fpotted, and of the Colour abovefaid. The Juice of it drank is pernicious. They ufe the Roots of it to cure the Bite of Serpent *s, if the Wound is-frefh; otherwife they open it with a lharp Inftrument, and then apply the Remedy. The Root is likewife a Sovereign Remedy when bruifed and applied to any Part in¬ fixed with the Venereal Diftemper; for it cleanfes and heals. 21. Dracunculus Indicus , folio trifido . The Indian Dragons , with a Leaf cut into three Segments. Arum %eylanicum , trilobato folio, humilius & minus, Par* Bat. This is the Nelen Schena of the Hon. Ma* lab. Part. 13. and the Serpent aria triphylla %ey- lanica . Breyn. Prodr. 2. This Dv/af kind of Arum , grows in fhady moift Places in the Ifland of %eylan, and is called Pannuala by the Inhabitants. It had this Name from the Worms that breed in putrid Ulcers, which they call Pana , and which the lharp Juice of this Plant kills. Ala fignifies the Root, or rather Inhamo , or lgnome of the Portuguese , which they extend to any tuberofe Roots that are fit to be eaten. For it has whitifh, tuberofe, oblong roundifh Roots, growing together in great Cluflers, about the bignefs of a Hazel Nut, and, fomc- times of a Walnut, from the Seat of which, abundance of thickifh Fibres pierce down in¬ to the Earth. When it is young, it fends forth Leaves that are entire, like our com¬ mon Arum , but much lefs ; but when it comes to its full growth, it produces Leaves twice or thrice as large, cut into two or three deep Snips like fo many Leaves* Thefe hand upon Foot-flalks fix or feven Inches, long, which in the lower Pa?t are furrowed into a deep Cavity. From each of the Knobs of the Roots breaks forth a leafy Husk lapt together, and infenfibly copped into a Point, without of an herby Colour, with redifh Stripes running through it, and within of the Colour of Crimfon Velvet with a beautiful Glofs. While this is de¬ caying, it prefents the Catkin, more flender, and ihorter than the common Arum , and ap¬ pears in this View: The whole of it is fcarce four Inches long,* the lower Part fvvells The Compleat Herbai 239 fwells fomewhat, and is farrounded with fmall Berries of a delightful Red, and little, foft, flender, and tufted or crefted Stamina or Chives , fomewhat fmaller above, fmoother and tenderer, and dyed with a pure and un- mixed Colour; in the Middle it is bigger and full of Berries, beautifully Alining with a rofie Colour. At length it ends in a Spike, a little taller, about the length of one’s Fin¬ ger, fmooth, poliflied, intenfely Red, and refembles a Pointal or a Penis. While thefe wither, follow the Berries, not much unlike the Eggs of P if mires, either for Bignefs or Shape, and of a whitifh Colour, growing in Clutters like the other Wake-Robins , contain¬ ing two oblong little Stones, which falling upon the Ground, produce Leaves like thofe of Cochlearia or Spoomort . The whole Plant has a hot and biting Tafte, and has the fame Virtues with the Dragons and Wake-Robin . The Natives eat the Root either boil’d, or dried in the Sun, which thereby lofes its Heat and Bitternefs. Hitherto we have not been able to Natu¬ ralize it in Holland , becaufe dreading the leaft Cold, it perifhes. Herman . Tho’ the Writers of Pharmacy have taken but little notice of this Plant, as taking it perhaps with Pliny , for one and the fame with Arum or Wake-Robin, yet the Virtues of it are not to be omitted, (tho’ it mutt be con- fefs’d, they are almott the very fame with Wake-Robin) lince Diofcorides has not flighted this Herb, but has dittinguiihed it into the greater and the letter, and defcribed them both very largely, at leaft one and the fame Plant in different Words, for which Reafon Galen , Paulus , ?y£tius, Serapio, Oribafms, Mat - thiolus , &c. allow only one Dracontium . It is granted however on all Hands, that both the Plant and the Root are of excellent Ufe in Phyftck. It warms, dries, refolves, attenuates, cuts and opens. For which Reafon the Decoction of the Herb and Root is an excellent Reme¬ dy againft the Scurvy ; tho’ it does not agree in Tafte with other Anti-Sc orbuticks: How¬ ever, according to the Opinion of Van HeU mont , fometimes there is great Virtue even in inftpid Plants. The Dofe of this De¬ coction is a Glafs Morning and Evening, to be continued for the Space of a Month, TAB LB LXX, GENUS III. Arifarum, Freer s Cowl. Riers Cowl, is a Plant differing from Wake-Robin and Dragons , in its cowled Flower A. The Species of Triers Cowl are, 1. Arifarum latif olium majtU' C. B. Pin. ip6. Broad-leav’d Friers Cowl . Arifarum latifolium alterum. Cluf. Hift. LXXHL It has three or four Leaves, very much like the Leaves of Ivy or Ropeweed, foft, but pretty ttefhy, of a fharp and biting Tafte, {landing upon an oblong Foot-ftalk, winged on both ftdes ; in the forepart they adhere to the Foot-ftalk, refembling the Leaves of Arum , but with blunter and roun¬ der Angles; Betwixt them fhoots up a Foot- ftalk two Inches long, marked with many red Spots, on which {lands an oblong Flow¬ er, fhaped like a Frier s Cowl , or like the Flower of Birthnort , but larger ,* of a dark- or duskilh Colour at the End, tending down¬ wards after the manner of Rays or Spokes y otherwife white, fmelling like a Dog, con¬ taining a Peftil or Pointal obtufe and crook¬ ed, and as it were looking out of a CowL- The Root is round like a Ball, lefs than Arum , blackifh rvithout, and white within, fometimes'alfo ttiberofe and oblong, at firft fweet, then biting, but not fo much as the Arum , (tho’ the Antients thought other- wife) with fome Fibres fpread over it, as in the Lizard-Flower. 2. Arifarum latifolium , alterum . C. B. Pin, 196. Another broad-leav’d Frier s Cowl, Ari¬ farum latif olium quibufdam. J. B. 2. 786. Ari¬ farum latifolium. Cluf. Hift. LXXI 1 L 3. Arifarum flore in tenuem caudam abeunte. Frier’s-Cowl, with a Flower ending in a fmall Tail. Arifarum minus, probofcideum• Barr, Icon. Bocc. Muf. Part. 2. 61. Tab. 30. 4. Arifarum triphyjlum , Americanum , am- plioribus foliis. Three-lea v’d, American Friers- Cowl , with large Leaves. Dracunculus , five Serpent aria triphylla , Brafiliana. H, R. Par. 87. It o AO The Compleat Herbal. It is imperfe&ly defcribed by C. Bauhims in his Prodromes: wherefore we fhall fupply the Defcrrption from' Dodart . The Roof, .which is round, fends out many Bender wliitilh Fibres from its Head or upper Part. The Stalk is covered below with a loofe fpotted Merfibrane. The-Leaves refem- ble thofe of Arum . C. Bauhtnus defcribes Leaves and Flower Thus: The Foot-ftalk .of the Leaf is four Inches long, and fmooth, on the Top of which there is a fmall Leaf of a whitifh Green, fibrous, roundifh, cut into three Segments, ending in a fine Point; The 'Flower refembles that of the Serpentaria , ;Handing on a Foot-ftalk three Inches long, five Inches in length, an Inch and a half .broad, of a deep Red, channelled, with whi¬ tifh Veins, running along the middle, efpe- , dally on the outfide, with a blackifh Pointal, oblong, brown, three Inches long, -which it la ft produces a Spike compofed of fmall red- difh Grains, and wrapt up in long leafy Mem¬ branes. The Root is inflpid ; but the other Parts Ta'fte fweet at firft, but after they have been fometime chewed, they bite the Tongue fe- verely. It loves the fhade, and muft be kept, up in Winter. It was fent from Canada . 5 * Arif arum triphyllum, minus , Pene atro-ru- bente. Banift. The three-leav’d leffer Frier’s - Cowl, with a deep red Pointal. Arum triphyl- lum , minus, Pene atro-rubente, Virgtnianum, Pluck. Phytog* Tab. 77. Fig. 5. The Phyfical Virtues of this Plant, are the fame with thofe of the two immediately pre¬ ceding ; which it would be fuperfluous and impertinent to trouble the Reader with here again. We fhall therefore proceed to SECT. II. Of Plants with one fugle Leaf, anomalous y hollow like a Pipe , and ending in a Tongue. TABLE LXXI. GENUS I. Ariftolochia, Birthwort. Irthmrt is a Plant with a Flower of one Angle Leaf A C, which Flower is ano¬ malous , hollow like a Pipe, and fhaped like a Tongue BD, generally hooked; The Flower-Cup EF, turns to a Membranous, E enerally round, Oval or Cylindrical Fruit i, which is divided into fix Cells, and full of flat Seeds, leaning upon one another, i k. The Species of Birthwort are, t . Ariftolochia rotunda, fiore ex purpura nigre . .C. B. Pin 307. Round Birthwort, with a dark purple Flower. Ariftolochia rotunda • ]. B* 3* S5?o Dod. Pempt. 324* This is the Ariftolo¬ chia rotunda vulgatior of Parlinfon • It fends up from one Root many quadran¬ gular Twigs or Sprays half a Yard long, more flender than thofe of the Periwinkle; on each fide of which, grow Leaves of a Size between thofe of Mallows and Ivy, flicking upon a very fhort Foot-flalk, em¬ bracing the Stalk with their Wings quite round it, more exa flore multiplied cocci neo, conglobate* Plum. American Rampions , with fhining Leaves ©f Cirfium, and a Crimfon conglobated Flower, confifting of many Flowers. 8 Rapuntium urens , Solonienfe . Morif. Hort. Blef. The burning Rampions of Bloys. Bocc. Rarior. Plant. 20. Rapunculus galcatus y Blefen- fis feu Solonienfis flore violaceo , minor e. Morifi Hid. Oxon. Part. 2.467. The Root of this Plant is about the thick- nefs of one’s little Finger, whitifh, confifting of a great many gathered together into a Tuft, like that of Swallow-wort, not without Fibres. The Stalk is a Foot, or two Foot long, and in moift Places longer. The Leaves are three Inches long, one broad, thin, jag¬ ged round the Edges, of a pale Green, en- compaffing the Stalk with their broad Bot¬ tom. The Flowers riling out of the Bofoms of the Leaves [there are a great many of them on the Tops of the Stalks, and little Branches as it were in Spikes] are of a blue- ifh purple Colour, at Bottom entire and fi- ftulous, but at the Edges divided into five Segments, fomewhat refembling the Cardi¬ nal Flower, or that of the Crimfon Ram¬ pions. Next to them follows a reddifh (hining Seed, inclofed in triangular Cells, like the other Rampions , and falling out of the Holes, which are bored as it were in the Cells. The whole Plant is of a moft fiery and burning Tafte; and inflames and burns the Tongue when tailed like Fire : and in what¬ ever Part it is wounded, it fends forth a Milky Liquor. It grows every where in the wet Heaths and old Forrefts about Blois; and all over the Marlhes and Heaths, and among the Ditches about Chambort. 57. Rapuntium Americamm , Trachelii foliis , flore purpurafeente . Plum. American Rampions , with the Leaves of Throatwort , and a pur- plilh Flower. 10. Rapuntium urens , flore purpureo-cceruleo Burning Rampions , with a blueifh purple Flower. it. Rapuntium urens, flore albo . Burning Rampions, with a white Flower. 12. Rapuntium Africanum , minus, angufti- folium, flore violaceo. The lefler, narrow-leav’d African Rampions, with a violet Flower. Cam¬ panula minor , Africa na, Erini fade , caulibus procumbentibuS' H. L. Bat. 13. Rapuntium Creticum, minimum, Be/lidis folio, flore maculato . The fmallell Rampions of Crete , with a Daify Leafj and a fpotted Flower. 14. Rapuntium oAEthiopicum, violaceo gale - ato flore , foliis Pinafiri. Breyn. Cent. 1. 173. Ethiopian Rampions , with a violet crelled Flower, and Leaves like a wild Pine Tree. From a ligneous Root it produces Rods of nine Inches, and fometimes larger, which are ligneous, fmall, and fometimes bufhy; with Leaves an Inch long, very narrow, Hi ft', three-corner'd, like thofe of the wild Pine Tree, after the manner of the Chamcepeuce of Alpinus, and growing every where in great Numbers. The Flowers which hand upon long Foot-flalks, on the Tops, and fometimes on the bides of the little Rods op Branches, do not much differ from the Car¬ dinal’s Flower, but are of a violet Colour, not much larger than thofe of the Ajuga, confifting of a Lip which is divided before into five Lappets, but at Bottom entire and fiftulous. From the Center rifes up a long Stile or Pointal inftead of a Cowl , on the Point of which refts a thick, oblong, whitifh, and on the forepart, hairy Head, after the manner of other crefted Rampions. Breynius did not fee either the Fruit or Seed. 15. Rapuntium zAithiopicum , caruleo galeato flore, foliis Coronopi. Breyn. The ^Ethiopian Rampions , with a blue crefted Flower, and Leaves like thofe of Coronopus. It is a moft beautiful and low Plant, ha-*' ving a great many green, hairy and taper little Branches, through which you may be¬ hold the Leaves placed in no regular^ but confufed Order; they are about an Inch long, narrow, rough, divided into- feveral lateral Lappets, like Budjborne, or rather like the Leucanthemum or Camomil of Alpinus. The little Twigs or Branches end in flender, naked, fmooth Foot-ftalks, four or five Inches long, whofe Tops are again often divided in* to two little Foot-ftalks about an Inch long, on each of which grows a Flower twice, nay three times as big, emulating the heavenly beauty of the Blue-bottle, or of the Lazuli, and marked in the middle ivith a long white Stain; being divided on the forepart into fhort and wide Fiflures, it derives its Origi¬ nal, like the firft Species, from a little hairy Stalk with five Leaves. 1 6 . Ra- A — the Compleat Herbal. 1 6 . Rapuntlum tAEihiopicmri, c*ruleo gale at o Flowers come out of the Top Branches or fiore y foiiis Dentatis. Breyn. Cent. I. 175* The Twigs, among the Leaves lengthwife, fome- Ethiopian Rampions, with a bluecrefted Flow- what fpiked, of the Figure and Size of the er, and indented Leaves. former, but of a light blue Colour. This Plant has little (lender Stalks-fpread The Rapuntium differs from the Rapuncu- along upon the Ground, growing thick, a Jus , and the Campanula in the Shape of its Foot.and a half long, and fometimes longer ; Flower. cloathed with little thickifh Leaves, jagged This Genus is of no ufe in Phyfick, and about the Edges, placed one after another in therefore we fhall proceed without Delay to •Order, and often bending to one Side. The SECT. II. ■Of Flams with a Flower of one [ingle Leaf } anomalous 3 and Slap ins. on both Sides . manner of Elder, being full of Pitch, (len¬ der, jointed and herby. [Ferrarius gives this Plant a (lender, jointed, clammy, and weedy Stalk.] The Leaves rife oppofite to one ano¬ ther on both Sides of the Joints, divided like thofe of the Service-Tree, or the Mollis of Clufius , and notched in like manner, tailing at firft like Mufbromes , but afterwards drying without biting. In the Month of September, appears a thick Bunch or Tuft up¬ on the Tops of the Branches, as it were cer¬ tain little Scarlet Twigs wound up into a Clue. Thefe little Balls are the Gemms of the Flowers, which are by degrees fpread out in¬ to oblong Cups of a light Scarlet Colour, and take the fame Shape with the Digitalis of the Moderns , [with a little gaping Mouth bending down into five Lips, the lower Belly begirt, the middle bulging out, and the Neck firaiter.] When thefe wither .and. decay, there is a Cod appearing out of the dry Flower-Cup, green with a little mixture of Red, as long as one's Finger, fmall at both Ends, bulging in the middle, divided into two Parts both below and above, by a little riling bunch or Brawn, full of Seeds, as in the yellow Leucoium , which are fmall, red, and membranaceous. We call it Hederaceous , becaufe there appears a certain Roughnefs at all the Joints, compos'd of innumerable Hairs, by' which it clings and adheres clofe to TABLE LXXIL GENUS I. Bignonia. gnonia is a Plant with a Flower of one fingle Leaf, anomalous, fiftulous, gaping on both Sides, and as it were double lipped. The Pointal C, rifes out of the Flower-Cup D, fixed like a Nail into the hinder part of the Flower B, which afterwards turns to a Fruit or Cod E, divided into two Cells F, by an intermediate Septum or Fence G, full of Seeds, which are generally flat H, and winged on both Sides IK. The Species of Bignonia. 7 . Bignonia Americana , Fraxini folio , flore amplO) Phcenicea. American Bignonia , with , an Aihen Leaf, and a large purple-coloured Flower, Gelfeminum Hederaccum , Indicum . Corn. 102. Virginia Jafmne. This Plant has a lively and ligneous Stalk, thin fet Wood, full of Shoots, pithy, of a pale Colour, rough Bark, blackilh, manyfold, being full of Gaps on the outlide, and fplit into a great many Fibres that refemble a Root, after the manner of a Vine. The Branches are luxuriant on all Sides, after the The Compleat Herbal. 247 to the next Wall or Stay, Or Trees planted near it, like Ivy, and therefore tho J in its own Nature, it is no better than a Creeper, yet by this Means it foars on high. But thofe Curls or Tufts by which it lays hold of Props, do not arife from the whole Body of the Plant, as in Ivy, but only from the oints alone. The Root creeps upon the urface of the Earth; nor is it propagated alone by Seed, but likewife by Slips tore offh JFor it feems to have as many beginnings of Roots, as it has Knots, upon which one of thefe fibrous Afperities, which we told you would form a Root, if they were thruft into the Earth. 2. Bignonia Americana, arbor , flore luteo, Fraxini folio. Plum. Bignonia Americana , lu- tea , Fraxini folio , filiquis angufiioribus, 3. Bignonia Americana, capreolis donata, fi¬ liqua breviore, American Bignonia , having Tendrels, and a fhort Pod. Clematis, tetraphyl- los , Americana , Digitalis flore . H* R. Par. Cle¬ matis Americana, filiquofa , tetraphyllos, A. R. Par. 71. Clematide tetraphylla . Zan. Hift. 74. This rare and beautiful Foreign Plant, fends up many Stalks from a perennial lig¬ neous Root. Such as are full grown are like¬ wife Woody, but the younger are more ten¬ der, long, jointed, round, flender, about the Size of Rufhes or Fiddle-Strings, which this Plant ufes like Tendrels (after the manner of leguminous and bacciferous Plants) and climbs up the next Trails and Props, and Arbours, by which it eafily fallens it felf to them, and covers them quite over : Becaufe it abounds with Leaves of a delicate Green, near the Colour of a Peach, or that which is commonly called the Hemionitis , betwixt which comes forth a crooked Tendrel, by the help of which it lays hold of every thing near it. The Flowers hang upon th*e Stalks at the Place where the Leaves rife, upon a Foot-ftalk about an Inch long, pret¬ tily incurvated, oblong, hollow, round, in Form and Size, like the Flowers of the lefler yellow Foxglove , divided likewife at the Edges, by five Jags, of a Colour like that of the Shell of a Hazel Nut, or Cinamon, with four Stamina within, each of which bearing two foliaceous or leafy Chives, mark¬ ed with black Spots. Then follow the Pods in the Shape of the Smilax bcrtenps , in which the Seed is contained. It out-lives the Winter, and can bear Cold very well, unlefs it is extraordinary fevere. It is to be feen cultivated in Gardens at Florence• 4. Bignonia Americana , capreolis aduncis do¬ nata, filiqua longifflma, American Bignonia, with crooked Tendrels, and a very long Cod. Clematis quadrifolia, flore Digitalis luteo , cla- viculis aduncis . Plum. 80. Fig- 94. 5. Bignonia Americana, bifolia , fcandens , fore vidaceo , odoro, frutlu ovato, dun. Plum. American two-leav'd climbing Bignonia, with a violaceous Sweet*fmelling Flower, and an oval hard Fruit. 6 . Bignonia Americana, bifolia, fcandens , fi- liquis lads & longioribus, Semine lato . Plum. American two-leav’d climbing Bignonia, with broad and long Cods, and a broad Seed. Big¬ nonia Americana , ftliquis longioribus, fujcis, Semine . fpadicco, magno . Sur. 7. Bignonia Americana, bifolia, fcandens , flore e luteo pur pur afcente, inodoro , frutlu ovato, duro. Plum. American two~leav J d climbing Bignonia , with a Flower of a Colour, be¬ tween yellow and purple, without Smell, with an oval and hard Fruit. 8* Bignonia Americana, arbor efee ns, Buxi folio temiore. Plum. The Tree-like American Bignonia ,> with a fmall Leaf like the Box Leaf. p. Bignonia Arborefcens, folio fingulari, un- dulato, filiquis longiffimis & anguflijjimis, Plum* The Tree-like Bignonia , with one undulated or waved Leaf, and very long and narrow Cods. 10. Bignonia arbor Indica, folds cordiforml- bus Pajanelli. H. Mai. Part. 1.77. Th t Indian Bignonian Tree, with Leaves lhaped like a Heart. This is the Clematis arborea Malabari- ca , maxima, joetida, juglandis folio , pinnis longioribus, fore albicante, amplo, feetido, fili¬ quis comprefjis ladjjimis of Breynius. Prod. 2. 34. 11. Bignonia arbor Indica, foliis oblongis. The Indian Bignonian Tree, with oblong Leaves, palega Pajanelli . H. Mai. Part. 1. 75?. This is the Clematis arborea Maiabarica , maxi¬ ma, foetida, Juglandis folio, pinnis rotundiori- bus, flore albicante , ampli/fimo food do, filiqua compreffa , latiffima of Breynius, Prod. 2. 34. 12. Bignonia Americana, arborefcens , Penta- phylla, flore rofeo major, filiquis planis. Plum. American Tree-like five-ieav'd Bignonia, the greater. The Cowpleat Herbal. greater, with a rofie Flower, and flat Cods. 15. Bignonia Americana^ arborefcens , Penta- phylU , [tore rofeo , minory filiquis angulatis . Plum. American Tree-]ike, five-leav’d ihg_ the lefler, with a rofie Flower, and an¬ gular Cods. Af. Tournefort fays, he call’d this Plant Bignonia , to exprefs the extraordinary Efteem and Veneration he had for the Illufirious Bignon. TABLE LXXIII. GENUS II. Digitalis, Fox-Glove . JffOx-Glove is a Plant withpne Angle, ano- A- malous, fiftulous Leaf A B, open on Loth Sides, and as it were double-lipped TEF GH. From whofe Flower-Cup K, rifes the Pointal I, fixed like a Nail to the hinder .part of the Flower CD, which afterwards turns to a Fruit L O, or a pointed, double, gaping Shell N O, divided into two Cells Si P, and full of Seeds Q, which are gene¬ rally fmall* double Saffron Chives that Hand like Drops. The llender purplifh Pointal rifes with a Point from the double folds of an hoary and oblong Pericarpium . The Leaves very much refemble thofe of Verbafcum , being oblon?, ending in a Point, hoary, jagged round the Edges, above of a deep Green, but below whitilh and hoary : Such as are next the Root hand upon long Foot-Aalks, thofe which grow upon the Stalks thick fet, and without any Order. The Flower-Cup is generally five- leav’d, and the Edge of the Flower divided into five Segments. It loves a Sandy Soil. Sometimes it changes by the Colour of the Flower- but this happens rarely; for you will fcarce find one Plant among a Thou- fand that bears a white Flower : It was from this rare Variation that we had the Digitalis flore magno candido of J- Bauhims , the alba folio afpero of C. BauhimtSy the Major alba of Parliinfony and the alba of Gerarde. 1. Parkinfon mentions yet another Species of the white Digitalis , which he calls Digita¬ lis allay alter a , minor , whofe Leaves he owns are like thofe of the former, but fomevvhat Ihorter and thinner, and of a deeper Green : The Stalk is ihorter, fcarce three Foot long; the Flowers lefler, but agrees in every thing elfe. The Species of Fox-Gloves are, t. Digitalis Purpurea . ]. B. 2. 812. Dod. Tempt. 1 69, Purple Fox-Glove. Digitalis Pur¬ pureay folio afpero t C. B. Pin. 243. This is the Digitalis Purpurea vulgaris of Parkinfon- Sometimes this Species grows above half a Yard long, with a Stalk an Inch thick, an¬ gular, hairy, reddifh, and hollow, from a fi¬ brous and bitter Root. The Flowers grow in great Numbers, after the manner of a Jong Thyrfusy hanging or dangling upon one lide of the Stalk, upon (hort hoary Foot- Balks, to each of which there adheres a fmall pointed Leaf, in the Shape of a Cup or Thimble, of a Scarlet Colour without, except the lower part, which is flefh-co- dour’d, by reafon of a certain Mixture of white, and within of a Scarlet or Purple Colour, the lower part (which is befet with Jong Hairs) ' being of various Colours, by reafon of white Spots with a little Mixture of black* To the Bottom of the Flower .there grow faft white or purple Stamina or Threads, turning backwards, and fuftain 2. Digitalis Majory flore cameo of the fame Parkinfon, differs from the common Purple one, by its Leaves being a little fmaller. 3. Digitalis Media , flore lutco rubente of the fame Author; It is of a middle Size, be¬ twixt the great and the little ones, with Leaves fomewhat refembling thofe of the lefler yellow Species, and lefs than the pre- ceeding, with Jong narrow Flowers, about the bignefs of the Flowers of the lefler white Sort, of a yellow Colour, mix’d as it were with Red, which Colour we call Tawny, and is to be feen in fome Oranges. After it has feeded, it dries up from the very Root, ge¬ nerally in the Second Year after ft has been fown. I was unwilling to omit thefe Variations, tho’ they feem rather to be owing to fome Accident, than that they really differ in Spe¬ cies from the common Purple-flower’d Fox- Glove, that the Reader might follow his own Judgment, after confidering their feveral di- flinguifhing Marks. 2. Digitalis ( The Compleat Herbal » % Digitalis vulgaris^ flore car mo. H. Edinb. "digitalis fiore incarnato. C. B. Pin. 143. Com¬ mon Fox-Glove with a fkfh-colour’d Flower. 3. Digitalis fiore magno, candido. ]. B. 2. 803. Fox-Glove , with a large white Flower. Digi¬ talis alba, folio afpero . C. B. Pin* 244. Dod. Pempt. 169. 4. Digitalis Hifpanica y purpurea , minor. Small purple Spanijb Fox-Glove. Digitalis Verbafci folio , purpurea, wi/zor, perennis , Hifpa¬ nic a. Bar. Icon- Digitalis angufto Verbafci folio y montana. Boc. Muf. Part 2. ic8- Digitalis Ver¬ bafci folio. Ejufd. Tab. 85. In the whole Stru¬ cture and every Part, it is like the Digitalis HP the Powder of Cinnamon , For the Dropfie ; and that we ought to add the Juice of Calamint to ir, for intermitting Fevers . They give Gratiola in Subftance to the Quantity of a Dram; and as much in Infufion in white Wine. They ii^fufe half a Handful of the Leaves, and two Ounces of Manna in a Gal¬ lon of Water, and only make it boil up ; they ftrain the Infuflon thro’ a Linnen Cloth, and drink it warm. 9. Digitalis Li nifolia, Lufitanica y paluftris. Gratiola alia Lufitanica• V* Lull tan. 10. Digitalis lutea, magno flore . C. B. Pill. 244. Digitalis lute a, flore majore, folio latiore . folio virefcente of C. Bauhims , only excepting T. B. 2. 813. Digitalis lutea . Tabern. Icon. •>67 that it differs in the Shape of its Leaves, This is the Digitalis lutea, amplo flore y or Fox* which do fomewhat refemble the Leaves of Glove with large yellow Flowers of Farkin+ Mullein . The Flower is for the moft part fon. of a reddilh Colour, and fometimes of a paleifh white. It is a little more than a Foot high. It is found in cold Places, upon the Mountains of Tufcany and Savoy, 5. Digitalis Orientalis , Sejamum ditta, Ori- This Species has a lefs Root than the Pur¬ ple Kind, but not unlike it. The Stalks are angular, hoary ; The Leaves narrower, long, on the under Part {hrivelFd and wrinkled with rough Nerves, on the upper Part per- ental Fox-Glove, called Sefame . Sejamum, J. feCtly fmooth, of a deep Green, notched B. 2. 896. Dod. Pempt. 531. Jugeoline . round the Edges, of a (harp bitterifh Tafte. Digitalis Orientalis, altera, )emine obfeuro. ' 6 Another Oriental Fox-Glove , with dark dus ky Seed. Sejamum alterum, folio trifido, Ori entale y femine obfeuro, Pluck. Phy tog. Tab. 1C9. Fig. 4. 7. Digitalis Orientalis , triflda , flore niveo. Sejamum Orientate trifidum, fiore nivec . Hort. Compt The Flowers are like thofe of the Digitalis purpurea , hairy both without and within, but of a bright Yellow without, and on the In- fide of a deep Saffron and a faint Yellow. It is found in hilly Places about Geneva y and in Germany , and flowers in June and July, 11. Digitalis major lutea vel pallida , parvo $. Digitalis minima , Gratiola ditta. Mot. flore. C. B. Pin* 244. Yellow or pale Fox Hift. Oxon. Part 2« 479. The fmalleft Fox- Glove, called Hedge-Hyfjop, Gratiola Centau- roides, C. B. Pin. 279. Gratiola . J. B. 3. 434. Dod. Pempt, 362. Cor dus took the Flower of the Gratiola to confift of four Leaves, tho’ it is but one fin- gle Leaf. We muft bring to this Species the Gratia Dei Cxfalpin, and not the Gratia Dei altera Cafalp, as may be feen in rhe Finax, This Plant chymically analyfed, gives no Vo¬ latile Salt, but Abundance of acid Oil and Earth. Pena and Lobel affirm, that this Plant purges vehemently both upwards and downwards ; for which Reafon it is pre- feribed to hydropical and cahexical People, and to fuch as have a Tertian or quartan Ague, or to fuch as are fubjeCt to the Gout y or the Sciatica • Gamerarius fays, That we ought to mix the Extract of this Plant with Glove, with a fmall Flower. Digitalis, fiote minore , fubluteo y angufliore folio . J. B. 2. 814. This is the minor lutea five pallida of Parkin- fon in his Paradife. It is two Yards high or above, with a Stalk an Inch thick, branched, fmooth, riling from 2 Root an Inch thick. To the Stalk grow in order Leaves about a Span long, or rather fhorter, two or three Indies broad, pointed, notched on the Sides, on the upper Part fmooth, of a deep green below, herby and hairy. The Flowers in a long Range repie- fenting a Thyrfus , tho' they rife diverfly, yet all of them look the fame way, being one half lefs than the Flowers of the purple Fox-Glove y of a yellow Colour, languifhing into an herby Colour, and that as well with¬ out as within ; with a Lip hairy within ; a fRtrp pointed Leaf perfectly fmooth, fhnds K k st 2 which afterwards turns to a Fruit or Shell H, with a roundilh pointed End, gaping into twoDivifions KLM. parted into two Cells 11 , by an intermediate Septum or Partition N, and full of Seeds, generally fmall O, adher¬ ing to the Placenta P. The Species of this Plant are, I. Scropularia nodofa , jeetida. C. B« Pin. 235. Knotted, unfavory Fig-wort. Scrophula - via vulgaris & major . J. B« 3 * 4 21 * Scrophula - ria . Dod. Pempt. 50. This is the Scrophularia major of Gerarde , and the Scrophularia vulgaris & major of Park. The whole Plant is of a fetid or funking Smell, like the Elder. The Root grows ob¬ liquely, and is white, pretty thick, and full of unequal Knobs or Tumours, the Stalk is firm, erect, quadrangular, hollow, and pur- plilh ; it grows a Yard high, and is divided into Wings. The Leaves are like thofe of the Galeopfis , but larger, pointed and notched, growing upon the Stalk oppofite to one ano¬ ther (which however does not hold always) of a dark Green. The Flowers ftand upon hairy Foot-ftalks in Flower-Cups, confifting of five Leaves, with a gaping Mouth like that of the leaft Species of Snap-dragon , the uppermoft Jagg divided in the middle, of a ' dark* purple within, and fomewhat greenilh without, the two lateral ones, with the low- K k 2 ermoft. The Ccnipleat Herbal. 152 crmoft, turning tack on the outfide, and are of a pale green Colour, with a green Pointal landing up out of the Gap, ana twiBed Sta- vnina or Threads, funk deep with Chives like thole of the winged wild Peafe. [Sometimes the Stamina Band upright, and their pale Chives appear out of the Hiatus or Opening.] The Seed VelTel is bivalve, roundilh, and pointed at Top. Parkinfon defcribes another of this Species by the Name of Scrophularia major altera , ele¬ gant. It relembles the former in Leaves, but having more fometimes (landing at a Joint, efpecially the lowermofl: The Flowers are not gaping, but made of four reddiih Leaves; which ufually (land at the Joints with the Leaves: The Seed Veflels are not pointed. 2. Scrophularia major , hirjuta. H. R. Par. A greater hairy Fig-wort. Scrophularta foliis & cattle hirfutis. Mor. H. R. Blef. 3. Scrophttlaria major , caulibus,foliis & fio- ribus viridibtts Ran. Synopf. 161. Greater Fig- wort , with green Stalks, Leaves and Flowers^ 4. Scrophttlaria major , aquatic a. C. B. Pin. 23 s. Water Fig-wort. Scrophttlaria maxima , radicejjbroja. J. B. 3.421. Betonica aquatilis. Dod. Pempt. 50. The thick Root of this Plant has many, long, large and white Fibres. The Stalks are a Yard long, quadrangular, about the Thick- nefs of ones little Finger, larger than thofe cf the Scrophttlaria vulgaris , fmooth, and full of Branches. The Leaves grow over-againfl one another in Couples at a pretty good di¬ stance, and (land upon Foot-Balks an Inch and a half long, having generally two Lap¬ pets at the Foot-(talk, three or four Fingers long, and two broad, notched round the Edges, with a blunter Point than the Scro¬ phularia vulgaris , and in their Shape refem- bling the Leaves of Betony , but two or three times larger. The Flowers come forth upon the Tops of the Stalks and Branches, many growing upon the fame common Foot-Balk^ or Shoot, and out of the Wings of the Leaves, being fmall, confiding of a fingle Leaf, plump, of a dark purple Colour, with two broad and blunt Segments dicking out at the Top like little Ears; and little yellow Chives prefenting themfelves at the very Opening of the Flower. After which, fol¬ low roundilh, pointed Seed Veflels, compofed of two Cells, containing little dark Seeds within. 5. Scrophularta palttfiris, non fcetida feu 4- quatica minor . C. B. Pin. 235. Lake or Pool Fig-wort, not dinking, or the lefler Water Fig-wort. Scrophttlaria faemina. Cam. Epit. 867. 6 . Scrophularia flore luteo . C. B. Pin. 236. Prodr. 112. Fig-wort with a yellowifli Flower. Scrophularia lutea , magna , amplis foliis. J. B. 3. 242. This is the Lamia m Pannonicum > alte- rum five exolicttm of Cufus 9 or yellow flow¬ ered Fig-wort . From the black fibrous Root of this Plant which has no Knobs, there Spring up many Leaves, (before there appears a Stalk) which lye with their convex Sjide upon the Ground, and are large, round, hairy, fix or (even Inches long, and as broad, and are foft by reafon of the ihort Down upon them, exa&- ly like Nettle Leaves, unltfs that they are generally larger, being (lightly bedewed, as it were, with a certain fat and clammy Dew, deeply notched round the Edges, with very long Foot-fialks, three or four Inches long: The Second Year it produces a Stalk [feveral Stalks C. B.] about a Yard long, fquare, or hexagonal, thick, hollow, a little hairy, up¬ right, divided by Joints, at which there ge¬ nerally grow two oppnfite Leaves, decreafing gradually from the Bottom to the Top of the Stalks, and Banding upon Foot-Balks that grow infenfibly (horter* Out of almod eve¬ ry Wing of a Leaf, from the Bottom to the Top, there fprings a Foot-Balk about three or four Inches long, according to C, Bauhinus fmooth, but according to Clujius and Columna rough. Round the Top of this appear two little fmall Leaves, above which, on the ve¬ ry Top of the Foot-Balk, reB feveral Flow¬ ers, yellowilh, about the bignefs of a little Peafe, hollow, gaping, having their Mouths a little divided into five Lappets, and with yellow Chives within, and a (lender Pointal emerging with Stamina , very like the Flow¬ ers of the Arbutc-Tree • having a yellowifh green Balls, compofed o£ five little Leaves : To which fucceed oblong Husks, ending in a Point, like Fig-wort (with little Knobs like thofe of Hypericon I.B,) in which are contain¬ ed like Seeds, Bender and black. On the Top of' thofe Knobs Bands a Thread like a Vine Tendrel. This is the fame Plant that parkinfon calls Galeopfis luteo-pallida. . .... '> . ^ 7. Sera- The Compleat Herbal. 7. ScropllukrU folio Urtica. C. B- Pin. 236. Nettle-leav’d Fig-wort. Scrophularia flore ru - bro Camerarii. J. B. 3* 422. Scrophularia pen - Cam. Hort. Tab. 43* From the fame fibrous Root without Knobs, it fends up feveral Stalks, but the middle one much larger than the reft, as thick as one’s Finger, firm, branched from the Bottom, with double little Twigs over- againft one another, fpringing out of the Wings of the Leaves, half a Yard high or more, fquare, hollow, covered with a very ihort Down, fcarce difcernible. The Leaves much refemble the Leaves of Nettles ; and are of a dark green Colour, fmooth and gli¬ ttering, the lower ones hanging on long Foot- ttalks upon the Stalk, and the upper ones re¬ gularly and gradually fhorter. The Flowers Hand upon Shoots that rile out of the Wings of the Leaves, being fix, feven, or more in Number, adhering to flender Foot- flalks, and more open than thofe of the Scro - pbularia vulgaris ; nor are they of fo dull a Purple, but a great deal redder. To thefe fucceed roundiih Husks, parted into two, containing within dark brown Seeds. This Plant has the unpleafant Smell of the Scrophularia vulgaris. It grows in great abundance about Pifa , even upon the very Walls of the City* and in other Parts of Italy. This is certainly the Scrophularia Qretica 2 of Clufius , be- caufe he fays, it has the Leaves of Nettles. parkinfon defcribes another foreign Fig- wort , which he calls Peregrina altera , about two Foot high ; with fair green Leaves, as it were winged, and dented about the Edges, with yellowilh Flowers, and pale Stamina or Threads in the middle. The Seed fmall in round Husks, forked at the End.. 8. Scrophularia Me tiff# folio . Balm-leav’d Fig-wort. Scrophularia Scorodonia folio . Morif. Hift. Oxon. Part. 2- 482. This is the Scrophu¬ laria Lufuanica of the Hon. Lugd. It riles two Foot high, with a fquare Stalk, confifting of many joints, and branched out into a great many Divifions. At each joint there are two Iharp-pointed, jagged, rugged Leaves placed over-againft one another, like thofe of wild Sage, which they refemble fo very near, that before it bears Flowers and Seed, it might be taken for Scorodonia or Wood-Sage. It bears a Flower retting upon a Foot-ftalk an Inch long, entire at Bottom, but parted into five at the Edge, with four Lap¬ pets of a rutty Iron-colour, and green on the lower part. From the Bottom of the Flow¬ er come out four very lhort, greenifh Threads, together with a Pointal and Chives of the fame Colour. When thefe fall off, there fucceed them pyramidal, lharp-pointed Seed* veflels, which being yet green, do clofely ad¬ here to one another ; but when dry they open, and each Husk contains fmall brown Seeds, after the manner of the others of the fame Kind. 9. Scrophularia Betonica folio. Betony-Jeav’d Fig-wort. Scrophularia Scorodonia folio. V. Lufit. This Species is excellent for Wounds. Gri- jleii virid. Lufit. 10. Scrophularia peregrina , frutejcens, folds* Teucrii crajffiufculis. Breyn. Cent. 1. Foreign, Shrub-Fig-wort , with thickiih Germander Leaves. 11 . Scrophularia Hifpanica , Jambuci folio* glabro • Smooth Elder-leav’d Spanijh Fig-wort . Scrophularia jambuci folio. Park. Theat. 611.- Sideritis Jambuci folio . P. Alp- Exot.- 203. This Fig-wort riles up with diverfe fquare hollow Stalks, two or three Cubits high, with feveral winged Leaves, iffuing from the Joints, confiding of many, fet one againli another, upon a middle Rib near refembling, an Elder Leaf, and Smelling ftrongly of it* The branched Stalks bear the like Leaves, and at the Joints with them, and at the Tops Hand many hollow Flowers^ hanging down, their Heads round about the Stalks, of a brownilh red or purple Colour; after which, come fmalf round black Seed-veflels, pointed at the Ends, with the like fmall Seeds in them, as in the others. The Root is. fomewhafc long, with divers Fibres at it. Park. It was fent from Spain. . Parkinfon brought it up from the Seed. It lives only two Year and when the Seeds are thorough ripe, it withers. Dr. More, to whom Parkinfon fent the Seeds of it with other rare ones, when he liv’d at Padua, made a Prefent of it to Al- pinus. It loves lhady moilLPlaces^ 12. Serophularia maxima, Lufitanica Jambuci folio lanuginofo . The great Portuguefe Fig-wort y with a downy Elder Leaf 13 . Scrophularia Jubrotundo , craffo 6 ? nigri- cante folio,flore luteo pallido,capfula turgida. Bocc*, Muf.Parr. 2. 65. Fig-wort with a roundiih, thick and blackilh Leaf, a pale yellow FJoxv- er, and a fwoln Husk. Scrophularia capfufa turgida. Ejufd. Tab. 60 14. Scro- 354 Tfe Compleat Herbal. 14. Scrophuldrid foliis Filicis mcdo laciniatis, zfel Rut a canind, latifolia . C. B. Pin. 23d. Fig- wort with Leaves notched like thofe of Fern, or broad-leav’d Dog-Rue. Scrophularia Cre - tied 1. Cluf. Hift. cdx. The Leaves of this firft fpread upon the Ground, not much unlike the firft Leaves of the Scabious. Then riles up a Stalk a Cubit and a half high, fquare, hollow, green, with Purple Corners, and fometimes all over Pur¬ ple on that Part which is expofed to the Sun. The lower Part of it is furrounded by much larger Leaves, divided into many Lappets or Pieces, growing over-againft one another 5 then the other Part of the Stalk is encom- pafled by other Leaves, which are winged, and very like the Leaves of Fern, or the Cldry , called Alettorolophus , having many Pieces, which are again cut into many lefler ones jagged round the Edges. From the Mid¬ dle of the Stalk to the Top, there grow like- xvife fquare little Branches out of the Bofom of the Leaves, adorned with leffer Leaves, and they again divided into other little Branches, fuftaining Flowers hollow like Bottles, not much unlike the Flowers of the Scrophuldrid vulgaris , of a greenilh yellow, connhing of fix Leaves, the two undermoft of which are very fmall, and turning a little downwards, but fuch as are at the Sides, rife a little higher, and are of a faint purplilh Colour on the upper part; but the two up- permoft are larger than the reft, turning fome- what outwards,' and are of a dark purple Colour, having a few yellow Threads rifing out of their Navel, or Middle. The Root is about an Inch thick, divided into many Fi¬ bres, and of a whitifh Colour. 15. Scrophularia Saxatilis , lucid a, Ldjerpltii Maffitienjis foltis . Bocc. Muf. Part. 2. 166. Shining Rock-Fig-wort, with the Leaves of Mdffdian Lajermrt . Scrophuldrid Laferpitii fo¬ liis. Ejufd. Tab. 117. This is a Rock-Plant, producing Leaves more fhining, plump, branched, and more winged^ than the Ruta Canind , divided into Lobes after the manner 0 CMaJfilian Lafermrt. It riles a Foot high. It has a perennial Root, and bears a Flower of a deep purple Colour. It grows on the very Walls of Otrdnto , in the Kingdom of Ndples. 16. Scrophularia Ruta Canind diEta^ vulgaris. C. B. Pin. 256. Great Fig-wort, without knob¬ bed Roots. Scrophuldrid tertid DodondO tenui- folta, Ruta Canind quibufdam vocata. T. B. 3. 423. Ruta Canind. Cluf. Hift. ccix. This is the Scrophuldrid altera , Ruta Canind dicta of Parkinfon. This Species of Fig-mrt rifes up with ma¬ ny weak and llender Stalks, not above two Foot high, whereon grow narrow, long, and fomewhat thick dark-green Leaves, cut in on the Edges on both fides into divers parts, making them refemble the Leaves of wild* Field Poppy, Smelling fomewhat ftrong like Rue, or Poppy, and fet without Order, fome- times but one or two, and fometimes more ftanding at a Joint. The Flowers are many, but fmall, of a dark or fad purple Colour, like thofe of the Scrophularia major vulgaris, or of the Toad-flax, ftanding many together, upon feveral fmall Branches at the Tops of the Stalks, which fmell as ftrong almoft as the Leaves. After which, come fmall Heads like thofe of the major vulgaris, with Seeds not much unlike. The Root has no Knobs but is a long, downright big Root, with ma¬ ny fmall Fibres growing to it. 17. Scrophularia minor, Ruta Canind diEla. Morif. Hift. Oxon. Part. 2. 483. This Plant is .about a Foot high, lefler by one half than the former : The Leaves are much finer cut. The Flowers are whole and entire at Bottom, but divided at the Edges into five Snips, having very fhort Threads and Pointal, rifing out of their Bottom. When they decay, they are fucceeded by ex¬ tremely fmall Seed-veflels that are forked, which, while green, are clofely and ftraitly united, b«ing of a Pyramidal Figure, with a very fharp Point, but when dry, they open of their own accord, and fhed Seeds that are much lefs than any of the other. ' ' " \ * 18. Scrophularia Lufitdnica , frutiefeens, i/er- ben* folio . It produces a fquare, channelFd Stalk, a- bout a Yard high : The Leaves are joined to¬ gether at. great diftances, thick, and deeply jagged round the Edges, perfe&ly refem- bling the Leaves of Vervain, both in length, breadth, and in the whole ftru6lure. The Flowers ftand upon the Tops of the little Branches, being variegated with Scarlet and White ; their Bafis is a light Red • their late¬ ral Leaves are auriculated or Jobed, and all over white at the Extremity. jp. Sere- The Compleat Herbal. ^55 ip. Scrophularia Cretica, aquatic a , major, vil- ours, and found it available. But the mod loja. The greater hairy, Water Fig-wort of common and generally received Opinion is, Candy . That it had its Name from its Ufe, becaule 20. Scrophularia Qretica, frutefcens, -folio va- its Root cures the King's-Evil and the Piles • no, craffiori. Frutefcent Candy Fig-wort, with a It is likewife made ufe of in cancerous and various thickifh Leaf the like creeping Ulcers, and in a malignant 21. Scrophularia glauco folio, in amplas laci~ Scab : If any one is tormented with the dry nias divifo. Fig-wort with a grey Leaf, divided Files, he will be prefently relieved, if he takes into large Jaggs. but a little either of the Root or Leaves of 22. Scrophularia Graca frutefcens & perennis, Fig-wort in his Vi&uals or Drink ; and it is Urtica folio. Frutefcent and Perennial Fig-wort , indifferent, whether he take the dry or green with a Nettle Leaf. Plant in Subftance, or in Deco&ion. 23. Scrophularia Ephefia, Lunarice folio, flore The Powder of the Root dried put upon rubro . Ephefian Fig-wort ,, with a Moon-wort the Files, dries them: The fame drank to the Leaf, and a red Flower. Quantity of a Dram, expells Worms. Wa- 24. ScrophulariaOrientals, Glaucii & Ma- ter Diftilfd from the Roots, takes away the tricaria folio . Oriental Fig-wort , with a Glau- Rednefs of the Face. cium and Mother-wort Leaf. There is a moft excellent Ointment made 35. Scrophularia Orientalis , minor , melijfa of this Plant for all Kind of Itch or Scab ; folio. 4 The fmaller Oriental Fig-wort, with a by which (fays Tragus) I have feen Itches Baulm Leaf. 1 cured that were very like the Leprofie. It is 2 6. Scrophularia Orientalis , foliis Cannabi- made up in the following manner. Take nis. Oriental Fig-wort , with hempen Leaves. the Herb with its Root in the Month of 27. Scrophularia Orientalis, minima, folio May • let it be well cleans’d and waftfd, and fubrotundo. The fmalleft Oriental Fig-wort then bruifed: After you have prefs’d the with a roundilh Leaf. Juice out of it, keep it a whole Year in a 28. Scrophularia Orientalis, folio amphjjimo, narrow Bottle well ftopt. And when you caule alato. Oriental Fig-wort , with a very would make the Ointment, take an equal large Leaf, and a winged Stalk. Quantity of the Juice, Wax and Oil, and 2p- Scrophularia Orientalis, Tilia folio. Ori- mix them together; then put them over the ental Fig-wort, with a Lime-Tree Leaf. Coals to boil, and let them continue fo long, 30. Scrophularia Orientalis, Chryfanthemifo- till the Ointment is of a juft Conliftency. lio, flore minimo, atro-purpureo. Oriental Fig- Tragus. wort, with a Star-riort Leaf, and a very fmall The following Plaifter is preferibed by Sir dark purple Flower. Robert Sibbald, in his Prodr. Natural. Hifi. - 31. Scrophularia Orientalis, Chryfanthemi fo- Scot.' Axung. Forcin. Ifoj, folvatur moderato lio, flore . minima , variegato . Oriental Fig-wort, ignis calore ; Tunc IJt folior. Scrcphular. Cy- with a Star-wort Leaf, and a very fmall varie- nogloffa, Lamii flor. alb. Digitalis, an. p. a. qua gated Flower. in minutas partes confcindantur, & in Axung. Scrophuidrid 'has received its Name from coquantur moderato ignis calore, repetendo coUio- its knobby Root, or from'the Scrophulous nemter aut quater,ujque dumUnguentum faturati Tumours which it is thought to cure. Now viroris fit. Tunc appendatur in Libra Unguen- thefe Scrofula 04 hard Swellings, are the hard turn, fumendo dimidum ejus, Cera & Refiru tan - Tumours of theGJands. in the Neck, Arm-pits, tundem, Terebinth Jij, viridis arts or Groin. . Some will have! them to derive vantur fimul omnia, tunc per lintcum cojentur, & their Name from their being familiar to flat maffa, fuper alutamque extendatur, & parti Hogs, or that they are prolific, and have a applicetur. numerous Off-fpring like the Scrofa , which The Leaves of the great Fig-wort, ( Num. 1.) are Swine kept on purpofe for Breed. This are very bitter and very {linking, even more Herb has been likewife called Millemcrbia , than thofe of Elder, and redden blue Paper, Ficaria , Ferraria & Caftrangula1, as well from but very little : the Root reddens it more ; the Form of the Roots, as from the many which makes one conje&ure, that the Sal Am- Ufes the former Ages put it to more than moniac, which is in the natural Salt of the Earth The Compleat Herbal. Earth prevails in this Plant*, where it is unit¬ ed with a great Quantity or fetid Oil. By a Chymicai Analyfis , we draw from this Plane a great deal of volatile concrete Salt, and abundance of Oil: and therefore it is no wonder that this Plant is fo refolving, fo emollient and fo fweetening: Thefe are the eflential Qualities of Remedies proper to d.fi- cufs the mod obftinate Tumours, accompa¬ nied with an Inflammation, and thofe alfo which we call cold: The fetid Oil foftens the Fibres, diminilhes their Tenfion, and makes them limber; while the Sal Armoniac attenuates, divides, and evaporates the Matter which poflefles the void Interftices of the FJelh. Moft of the Plants that fmeli like Elder, or like the Stramonium, have very near the fame Virtues, with relation to Inflamma¬ tions and Tumours; and there are none more proper for Wounds in the tendinous Parts. The Juice of this Plant is made ufe of to cleanfe the moft putrid Ulcers , nay even thofe that are carcinomatous: To refolve fcrofulous Tumours, to abate the Inflamma¬ tion of the Hemoroids , we apply an Oint¬ ment made of the Root of this Plant. This Ointment is excellent for the Gout , the He - meroids , and the Tetter or Ring-worm: But while the Patient makes ufe of this Ointment, he ought likewife to take in the Morning falling, a Dram of the Powder of the Root mixed with fome proper Conferve, or at leaft to drink a Glafs of Wine, in which the Root has been infufed all Night. Tournefor . Hi ft* des Riant, des envir . de Paris . The Scrophularia aquatic a, major (Nam . 4. ) is ftinking, fomewhat bitter, deterfive, and does not redden blue Paper; which gives ground to conjecture, that it contains a Sal Armoniac, mixed with fetid Oil and Earth; and therefore it is not ftrange, that it is de¬ terfive and vulnerary. It has the fame Vir¬ tues with the former. Id. ibid . TABLE LXXIV. GENUS IV. Pinguicula, Butter-wort . Utter-wort is a Plant with an anomalous Flower of one fingle Leaf A, open on both fides, but refembling in Shape that of the Violet, divided as it were into two Lips D A, and ending in a Tail or Spur C. Out of the Flower-Cup D, rifes the Pointal E, fa¬ ttened like a Nail in the hinder part of the Flower B, which afterwards turns to a Fruit or Shell EF, gaping doubly GG, fraught with Seeds H, for the moft part fmall K, ad¬ hering to the Placenta I. The Species of Butter-wort are, 1. Pinguicula Gefneri, J. B. 3. 546. Sanicula montana , fiore calcari donato. C. B. Pin. 243. Pinguicula . Cluf. Hift. 310. This is the Pin ¬ guicula , five Sanicula Eboracenfis of Gerarde and parkinfon. Butter-wort , or Tork Jhire Sa¬ nk l e. It has divers fat and long Leaves lying upon the Ground about the Root, broad at the Bottom, and pointed at the End, of a pale green Colour on the upper fide, and white underneath, folded together at their firft rifing, and then fomewhat whitifh; from among which arife two or three {lender naked Stalks, about an Hand breadth high, bear¬ ing only one Flower at the Top of each, fet in a fmall green Husk, made fomewhat like a Violet Flower, or thofe of the Larks heels or Spurs, haviug a fmall Tail or Spur be¬ hind, in fome of a purple, in others of a more blue Colour, and in fome white. Af¬ ter the Flowers are paft, come in their Places fmall round Heads, wherein is contained fmall long black Seed. The Root is compo¬ sed of divers fmall white Fibres, which die not, but abide with the green Leaves 011 them all the Winter. 2. Pinguicula flore albo mi nore, calcari bre- vijfimo Rau . Hift. 752. The letter white flow¬ er’d Butter-wort , with a very Ihort Spur. We find this in moift Places on the Top of the Mountain Java. 3 * Bn- ra/r.yj. An tirrhinum . Jhap -Q)ra^cr?v or (2Uv& Jhxruti The Compleat Herb alt 257 a. PinguicuU flore amplo , purpureo , cum cal - ^ longfflmo. Buttermrt, with a large purple Flower, and a very long Spur. Raii. Hi ft. ^We have obferved this and the laft in the fame Places. It differs both from the proceed¬ ing and from our common one, in the deep purple Colour of its Flower, as well as in its Largenefs, and its very long Spur. 4. Pingmcula Cornubienfis , flore minore, car - neo. The Cornijh Butter-wort , with a leffer flefh colour’d Flower. The Leaves of this Species are refle&ed, and as it were turn'd in, almoft pellucid, and ftriped with reddifh Veins. The Flowers are much lefs and paler than in our common one and come very near the Carnation. 1 obferved it in Cormal in watery Places, about KilPhampton and elfewhere. The Leaves bruifed and applied are faid to cure greenWounds and Bruifes. The Country People that live where it grows, ufe to anoint their Hands, when chapt with the Wind, with the fat and buttery Juice of it, as well as the Udder$ of their Cows when fwoln ivith the Biting of any Poifonous Worm, or otherwife chapt, hurt, or rift. The poorer People in Wales mate a Syrup of it, as of Rofes, and therewith purge themfelves and their Children: They like wife put it in Broth for the fame Purpofe, which purges Flegm more effe&ually. They alfo make an Ointment of the Herb and Butter, which is excellent againft the Obftru&ions of the Liver, experienced by fome Phyfitians there of good Account. Parkinfon . Dalechampites affirms, That the Root baked and laid on by way of Pultefs, will cure thole who are afflicted with the Sciatica in three Days ; and that the fame beaten and laid upon the Place pained, will cure any manner of Pains. But the Root feems to be too fmall to be bak’d for that Purpofe. Carrier arias witnefles, that it is a vulnerary Herb, and efpecially conducing to Children that have Ruptures. It dies the Hair yellow, and the Women ufe it like Gum to curl their Hair. S. Pau- Us. It is called Pinguicula from the fat and clammy Moifture with which the Leaves are covered. SECT. IV. Of Herbs with an anomalous ^ fijlulous^ and perfonated Fb/tfev of one finale Leaf. TABLE LXXV. GENUS I. Antirrhinum, CaltJCg ©tUJUt, or Smaptyaptn C j^ap&jagon is a Plant with an anomalous, ^ fiftulous Flower of one fingle Leaf A, perfonated B, and divided as it were into two Lips, the upper of which A, is cut into two Parts, and the under into three Parts D. Out of the Flower-Cup F, rifes the Pointal E, faftned like a Nail in the hinder Part of the Flower C, which afterwards turns to a Fruit G, or Shell, like a Hogs Scull, (viz,. H, re- prefents the Forehead, IK, the Grcle, and M, the Mouth or Snout) divided into two Cells N, by the intermediate Septum or Par¬ tition O, and full of Seeds, generally fmall P, adhering to the Placenta QR. The Species of ^napjagOtt are, 1. Antirrhinum vulgare. J. £.462. Antir¬ rhinum mftuS) alterumftfolio longiore. C. B. Pin. 211. Antirrhinum. Dod. Pempt. 182. This is the Antirrhinum purpureum ©f Gerarde , and the Antirrhinum majus altcrum i folio longiore of Parlinjon. Calhfg or £>uapn?agQtt f Li h 258 The Compleat Herbal, It ftands upon a ligneous"white Root. The Stalks are a Cubit, or a Cubit and a half long, taper, folid, and fmooth towards the Root, and rough above with a fhort Down ; The Leaves narrow and long like thofe of the yellow Stock-Gilli-flower , placed after one another in no Order, and bitteriih to the Tafte. The Flowers are difpofed on the Tops of the Stalk like a Thyrjus y large, of one Angle Leaf, of a flefh or white Colour, re- prelenting the Gaping of a Lyon, with an upright Leaf fplit into two, and a Lip fplit into three Parts; fomewhat yellow, and fur- rounded with a hairy Fringe before it begins to be divided into two Lappets, containing a Pointal and four Stamina or Threads with yellow Chives on the Tops* The Flower-Cup is fhort, confifting offive blunt rough Seg¬ ments. The Foot-ftalk is very fhort and rough, and fprings out of the Bofom of a very fmall, hollow and pointed Leaf. The Tops of the Stalks and the Flower-Cups are clammy to the Touch. To each Flower fuc- ceeds a large Seminal-veflel, fomewhat refem- bling a Calves-head, with a point bending in, divided into two Cells; the upper one opening at Top when ripe with one Hole, and the under one with two. The Seed is very fmall, angular, and dusky, or black. It grows in the Ditches and by Hedges, about Montpelier in great Plenty. 2. Antirrhinum majus, alterum, folio lon- giore, flore ex candido dilute purpurafcente. c.B-pin. 211. Another larger gmaptya^ iron, tmtfj a longer Ileaf, anb a plotter of a Colour betfoeen a pale toljtte anb a purple. 3. Antirrhinum flQre albo, oris rubenti- bus-Eyfi. gmapb^agontmtlj a toljtte ifloto* er, anb rebbilb Cbges. 4. Antirrhinum flore albo, oris rubris. Eyfi. £mapb?agon toitij a toljtte plotter, ano reo Cogeo. 5. Antirrhinum flore albo, oris luteis. Eyfi, gmapb^agon boitl) a tuljtte Rioter, ano pellolotft Cogeo. This differs from the firft, not only in the Colour of the Flower, but likewife in its lhorter, broader and roughilh Leaves* 1 have obferved this Species growing fpon- taneoufly about Mejfina, upon Walls; for which Reafon Petr us Cafiellus, in his Cata¬ logue of the Plants about Mefiina, calls it the Snapdragon of Mcffina; aitho’ it grows alfo in other Places, as in the ragged Rocks as C^falpinus has rightly obferved : For we found it in great abundance upon Rocks not far from Vieira Santta , a Town in Tujcany when we TravelFd from Mafia to Lucca ; not only fo, but it likewife grows fpontane- oufly in Germany. Ray. 6. Antirrhinum luteo flore. C B. Pin . 21 r gmaptnagon toitfc a pellotn plotter. A n '~- tirrhimm floribus luteis. Lob. Icon. 45. 7. Antirrhinum latifolium, pallido, amplo flore. Bocc. Muf. Part . 2.45?. Tab. 41. leab’b &napb?agon, tottl; a full pale iflotoer. 8. Antirrhinum anguflifolium, majus pere- grinum ruberrimo flore. H. R. par. jSL\\Z greater Jflwgn, narroh^leab’b ^napbia* gon, tottlj a berp reb jflotoer. p. Antirrhinum Lufitanicum, flore rubro, elegantiflimo* Par . Bat. ig. ^Otfttguefe ^naptaagon, tmtl; a moff beautiful res iflotuer. The famous Dr. Herman , Profeflor of Bo¬ tany at Leyden , rais’d this Plant from Seed, which he gather’d at Lisbon . The Leaves fland oppolite to one another upon the Stalks . fometimes di&anC* and fometimes joined, fomewhat fliorter than thofe of the Antirrhi¬ num majus alterum of Bauhinus. The Flow¬ ers are fuller than in the common one, and Ihine moft beautifully with a charming Red. It thrives and continues green the whole Winter, if kept in a Hot-houfe. 10. Antirrhinum longifolium, majus, Ita- licum, flore amplo, niveo, la&efcente. H. R. Par. zelje greater long^leabU Italian j&naptyagon, tottl) a large fnotop, anb tmlkp iFtoer. 11. Antirrhinum Hifpanicum, villofum, Origani folio, ^pamib batrp ^napbjagon, tottb tbe Ileaf of £D?ganp. 12. Antirrhinum Hifpanicum , villofum, Valerianae rubrae folio. §&pantlp ijatrP &itap^ b?agon, bottb tfje Ileaf of reb Sllalertan. 13. Antirrhinum Hifpanicum, altifiimum, angufliflimo folio. %E\)t tall^pani(!)?s>na$M b^agon, lottlj a bervnarrotu ILeaf. Antir¬ rhinum majus, angufiijolium i amplo flore , pur- pureum , Romanum . Barr. Icon. 14. Antirrhinum medium, flore albo, pa- tuio. V.Lufit. nibble ^napbjagon, tottp a toljtte open Jflotoer. Antirrhinum minus , amplo, albo flore * Barr, Icon. j$. An- A Linaria. fihzaz-?. To#. 2,5# The Com fie at Herbal. i<. Antirrhinum atverrfe, minus. C. B. Pin. 212« Antirrhinum angnflifolium, Sylveflre. J.B. 2 4 £a. Antirrhinum Sylveflre, phyteuma. Dod. Pempt. i82.SCi;C UltlD OJ§>napO?agOtl. This is the Antirrhinum Sylveflre medium of Parhnjon, and the tirrhim* Sylveflre minus of Gerarde. . This is a very beautiful little Plant, with a (lender whitilh Root5, and little taper, rough Stalks, a Span or a Cubit long, which are adorned with Leaves like thole or Hyffop, feveral of them growing together, fome- times fomewhat reddilh underneath, fat, fomewhat biting and bitter. The Flowers, which rife out of the Wings of the Leaves, are of a double Colour, partly white, and partly purplifh, like thofe of the Antirrhi¬ num majus, but very much lefs; they are de¬ fended at Bottom by five or feven green rough Leaves, fome long and fome ihort. The P ericarpium very much refembles the Scull of a young Puppy, and the Holes of the Eyes and Nofe formed by a little Horn, which contains the Seed. It is often to be feen in fandy Ground. I have obferved a Variety of this Plant in Italy and Sicily, with a flefh-coloured Flow¬ er, and a ftriped Mouth. Ray. parlinfon had itfromZ^e/, who brought it from Spain , with a (hilling Scarlet Flower, a yellow or pale Mouth; as alfo another which he calls Antirrhinum alteram flore albo minimum. . . , 1 6. Antirrhinum arvenfe, majus, flore al¬ bo. H. R. Par. %\)t greater toiln ^napu^ gott, lnttlj a lofljtte 5 fIoftcr. 17. Antirrhinum majus, faxatile, angu- ftiffimis foliis, flore purpurafcente, minori. Barr.icon. %\)t greater Moc^gmapujagon, toft!) herp narrow ILeaDejs, anh a fmali purpltfli Jflotoer. 18. Antirrhinum Creticum, angulhtolium, flore maximo, purpureo. j^arrOhJ^eah’h gmapi^agon of Crete, toitfc t \)t fargeft purplejflotoer. . Antirrhinum or Anarrhimm , is the Avjtppi- VOV 'Avappiw of Diofcorides . Lib. 4. C. 133. fo call’d from its Fruit, refembling a Calves- Snout. It is Jikewife called Os Leonis by Cce- falpintts, who thinks that this is the fame Plant which is meant by Columella in thefe Words, Et Mantis java leonis ora feri ; be- caufe the Flowers of this Plant refemble the ^9 gaping of a Lion ; which is indeed true of the Flowers of this Plant, but not of thofe of Aquilegia y which fome would have to be meant by Columella in this Place. This Plant is rarely made ufe of in Phy- fick, unlefs it be by filly Women again# Spellers, Inchantments, Witchcraft, &c. and that with an Intent to prevent, as well as to cure; which are both done by hanging it a - bout them, drying it in the Smoke, laying it under them, placing it by them, and bathing with it. Vid. Caricher in herbario. This Plane is like wife made ufe of in the fame manner, to obtain the Favour of Princes and great Men. Matthiolus fays, That the Leaves, Flowers and Seed are good for the rifing of the Mo¬ ther, to be mixed with Rofe-water and Ho¬ ney ; and that the Herb makes the Scorpion immediately lofe his Poifon, as fopn as he fees it; and that applied to the Forehead, it takes away the Pin and Web in the Eye. TABLE LXXVT. GENUSII. Linaria, is a Plant with an anomalous^ **• perfonated Flower of one fingle Leaf, ending in a Tail F G behind, and in the fore¬ part divided into two Lips, of which the upper C D, is cut into two or more Parts, and the under A B into three. Out of the Flower-Cup I, rifes the Pointal H, fattened like a Nail to the hinder Part of the Flower, E, which afterwards turns to a roundiffi Fruit or Husk K, divided into two Cells, or Apartments L, by an intermediate Partition Q., and full of Seeds; which are fometimes flat and bordered, fometimes corner’d and roundilh, adhering to the Placenta P O. The Cells ufe to break different Ways, and the Seeds drop out. The Species of 2 Toati 41 a£ are, 1. Linaria latiflimo folio, Lufitanica. H.Rj Par. ^o^tttguefe SLoaMar. Antirrhinum triornithophorum . V. Lufit. Li¬ naria Americana , maxima , purpureo flore . H. L. Bat. L1 2 2. Linaria 260 The Compleat Herbal. 2. Linariu latifolia, Dalmatica, magno flore. C. b. pin. 2i2. ifeoattdeab'ti SDalma^ ttau SEoau^ar, tmtb a large iflotoer* Li - naria maxima, foliis Lauri, Dalmatica. J, B. 3. 458. This is the Linaria latifolia Dalmatica of FarUnfon. It has ligneous, round and firm Stalks, above half a Yard high, with many Branch¬ es, which are encompaffed by Leaves, efpe- cially the lower ones, two or three Inches long, one Inch broad, without Foot-ftalks, always fhorter and narrower on the Tops of the Stalks, ending in a very fharp Point, and growing in no regular Order. It has Flow¬ ers very much like thofe of the Linaria vul¬ garis , but three times, nay four times as Jarge, about the Size of thofe of the greater Snapdragon, and Red or Goldeq with a mix¬ ture of Yellow; to which fucceed the Seed- yeflels, as in the others. 3. Linaria Sicula, latifolia, triphylla. Bocc. Harior. plant. 44. Sicilian b^oafcleab’ti tfpt&fealrt SEoaMair. 4. Linaria valentina. Cluj. Hi ft. 351. Li¬ nar i a triphylla, minor, lutea. C. B. Pin* 212. Linaria trifolia. J. B. 3, 458. It produces three or four Stalks from one and the fame Root, above a Foot high, tfhickifh, fucculent, taper, reddilh underneath, greenifh above, which are furrounded by Leaves, beautifully difpofed at certain Di¬ stances from one another, three growing from the fame Place, encompaffing the Stalk, cfpecially the lower Part; for about the Top they are fcattered, and difpofed in no Man¬ ner of Order. They bear fome refemblance to the Leaves of Telephium, but are not fo thick and fucculent, not notched at all about the Edges, broadifh at their Rife, ending in a 'blunt Point, of an almoft equal length and breadth, with linuated Nerves after the man¬ ner of Plantain, not appearing on the hinder Part, hollow like Hip-grafs , or Pcnny-grafs , retaining the Rain-water that falls on them, and bitter to the Tafte. But, The Flowers are difpofed in a long Series, and are like thofe of the common Toad-flax , yellow, with a Lip of a deeper Dye,and.dow- ny> gaping, with a fort of a little purplifh Horn ftretched out beyond the green Leaves, which encompafs the Bottom or the Flower. To the Flowers fucceed little round Heads, in ■which is contained Seed, which neither Qur fins, nor j\ Bauhinus, were fo lucky as to fee* The Root is all of one Piece, thickifh and white. Cluflus obferved the Linaria latifolia , tri¬ phylla major of Cafpar Bauhinus , in Flower about Valentia , in Meadows and lhady Places, in the Month of March. 4 Linaria triphylla , carulea. C. B. Pin. 212. %\)Z t\)m Rahil blue Linaria carulea, Apula. Col. Part. 1. 78* It is fuftained by a fmall white Root; from whence rife feveral tender Stalks about a Foot high, [fometimes it is found with one fingle Stalk.] fmooth, and whitilh, with Leaves growing by threes at the joints, fome- what larger, broader, and fharper than the Leaves ot Rue,, of the Alh Colour of Rue," or Cole , but difpofed one after another about the Top of the Stalk; from whence fpring out Flowers as it were in Heaps, blue, final), and having fwelling yellow Lips, which fall by degrees upon the Stalks growing up, and the round Fruit remains among the Leaves; in which is contain’d a foliaceous, broad, flat, and black Seed, which, with refpeft to the Size of the Plant, is large* It is hot to the Tafle, and the Bitter and the Sweet in it, are fo well proportion’d, that neither of them exceeds. 6. Linaria Bellidis folio. C. B. Fin . 212. SDat^Rab’U 2 Eoab^€at. Linaria aliquate- nus fimilis folio bellidis. J. B. 3. 45 9 - Linaria odor at a. Dod. Pempt. 184. This is the Lina¬ ria odorata of Parkinfon , and the Linaria pur - purea odorata of Gerarde. I rank it in the Clafs of the Linaria, (fays J. Bauhinus) becaufe of its Seminal-vefleJs, and upper Leaves. It has a thickifh, white, warped, limple Root, and fometimes divided into feveral Parts ; from which fpring many Leaves which lye along upon the Ground, almoft like thofe of the Daizy or Maudline, deeply notched in the Edges, fmooth, and bitter to the Tafle; the others that grow along the branches, are thin, narrow and longifh ; feveral Stalks rife quickly from the Root, half a Yard high, taper, very branchy, which are almoft wholly bedeckt with a long Series of little Flowers, iffuing out of the Bofoms of the Leaves, very fmall, and fome- what gaping, partly blue, and partly white, without any Spur. When the Flowers fall, they are fucceeded by many fmall 3 roundiffc, The Compleat Herbal. ad* and as it were bipartite Seminal-veffels, con¬ taining a copious, fmall, reddifh, and bitter Seed. J. Bauhims obferved this in the Fields, be¬ twixt Lyons and Vienne • we obferved it in the Fields, betwixt LyonO and Grenoble , five or fix Leagues from Lyons . Ray. Clu/itts’s Defcription of the Linaria odorata , would agree to the Plant delcribed by us, if he did not fay that the Flower has a little crooked Hook; but the Character of the Smell does not agree, wherefore I am apt to believe that two different Plants were com¬ prehended by him under one and the fame Defcription, and Defignation, [viz, the Li- naria odorata. Monfp. and the Plant here de- fcribed.] J. B. I could never yet, fays Mr. Ray, obferve any Spurs or little Horns in the Flowers of this Plant: and both the Bauhins affirm, that they want Spurs. And as to what relates to the Smell, I could never fmell any in the Flowers; nay, Qufius himfelf owns, that they only Smell a little in warm Countries ; but that in Germany and the Dutch Gardens, they have no Smell at all. For which Rea- fon, I embrace the Opinion of J. Banhin , viz.. That Chfus confounded two Plants both in the Shape, and in his Defcription of them ; which Miftake moft of the latter Bo- tanifts have fain into, by following of him. This may conveniently enough be ranked amongft the Linaria} but it is not by any means to be accounted a genuine and proper Species of it: 1 could fcarce perceive any Agreement in the Flowers; nor were the Leaves like thofe of any Species of Linaria known to me; fince thofe that rife from the Root are very different from thofe that rife from the Stalks ; for which Reafon, when I firft favv the Plant, I lookt upon it as ano- molous, and of a Genus by it felf. Ray . 7. Linaria Bellidis folio, flore albo. SDftD , toritf) a tuljtte ex. 8. Linaria Lufitanica, Bellidis flore ampli- ore & villofo. ^tojtugal HCoaMIar, Dett!} a 2Dat?p JFlotJser, but larger, anti Ijatrp* p. Linaria Hederaceo folio glabro, feu Cym- balaria vulgaris. SEoaMa*', .fcrftfc a fmoot!) Heau Cymbal aria flofcutis pur pur afc end- bus. ]. B. 3. 685. Cymbalaria It 4 k a 3 folio be- deraceo. . Lob el. Icon. 6*5, It darts forth out of the Holes of Walls* pendulous, (lender, purpliih, taper, fmooth*. long Fibres, full of Nerves, from which the Bark is eafily feparated, turning differently into various little Fibres; thro" which you may fee the Leaves hanging upon long Foot- flalks, hederaceous, corner a, of a deep- Green on the upper Side, and on the under Side Purple, like the Foot-ftalks of the Cy¬ clamen , growing by threes, fucculent, and of a certain obfcure Bitternefs. Befides, at the Rife of the Foot-ftalks, to which the Leaves adhere, there arife other twifted Foot-ftalks, on each of which grows one fingle Flower* like thofe of the Elatine , or Antirrhinum mi¬ nus, purpliih, with a ihort Spur, and a pale Mouth. To thefe fucceeds a globular Head, enclofing little crifped Seeds. I have obferved it at Bajil , on the very Walls of the City. But in Italy there is no¬ thing more common than to fee it on Mud? walls, old Ruins, and upon Rocks. Ray . It is of a moift and cold Quality, with 3 certain Degree of Aflringency. They who have tried it, know by Experience, that it has the fame Virtues with the Navel-mrt of the firft Kind. There are fome who ufe it for the Whites, giving it frelh in Sallads, ac¬ cording to the Teftimony of. Matthiolus . J. B- 10. Linaria hederaceo folio, villofo, ceu Cymbalaria Alpina. Cymbalaria Alpina vii- lofa. Tryumph. Syllab. 11. Linaria fegetum, Nummularis folio vil¬ lofo. Elatine folio fubrotundo. C.B. Pin. 2^2° Elatine mas, folio fubrotundo* J. B. 3. 372. Ve¬ ronica foemina Fucfrfii five Elatine . Dod. PempT 42. l$mtn& 4 eaVti jfludltti, oT&pcefctodL The Root which is Ample, fmall, and at¬ tended with few Fibres, runs dire&ly down into the Earth. The Stalk is fender, rounds fcarce a Hand breadth high; but the little Twigs which it fpreads upon the Ground at the Sides, do often exceed a Span in length. The Leaves are larger and rounder than thofe of the Afine Media , of a pale green, and hoary, rough.and foft to the Touch, general¬ ly equal about the Edges, but* fometimes dent¬ ed, fuftained by very Ihort Foot-ftalks, being placed in Order at fome diftance from one another. Out of the Wings of the Leaves fpring fingle Foot-ftalks, long, (lender, lu~ ftaining fingle Flowers, like thofe of Linaria fmall, with a little, crooked Spur, a wide Mouth* 262 The Compleat Herbal. Mouth, and a Lip between an herby and a yellow Colour, tne upper one having a ruflet Jagg fplit into two. The Flower-Cup is compofed of five Leaves. To the Flowers fucceed little bulging Seminal-veflete, con¬ fining of a double Cell, which contains the Seeds. It grows in the Fields fpontaneoufly, and in great Plenty. It flowers late, after Mid- fummer . j ' 12. Linaria fegetum, Nummularias folio aurito & villofo, flore Juteo. Corn . SCoatte fiat, toidj a plant an& lmtn> Ileaf like tfyat of t\)Z Nummularia, anO a PdlOtB jHolUCr. Elatine folio acuminato , in baft au- riculato, flore luteo. C. B. Pin. 253. Elatine foemina, folio angulofo. J. B. 3. 372. Elatine altera. Icon. Dod. Pempt. 42. The Elatine folio acuminato, fen foemina fo¬ lds angulofts of J* Bauhinus , differs from this, efpecially in the Form of its Leaves which are longer than it, end in a Point, and at the Bottom have little Ears like the Acetoja ovil - la. J. Bauhims , compares them to the Leaves - of the Helxine Ciffampelos , or Bindweed, or to the Point of an Arrow. This Species, fays he, creeps more upon the Ground than it, and fpreads forth very long Tendrels. The Flowers are alike, but lefs. It is thought to agree in Virtues with Speedwell. The Juice of the Herb prefs’d out, or Water diftilfd from it, both taken inwardly, and applied outwardly is faid to reftrain, and perfe£tly to cure putrid and cancrous Ulcers. Several very Learned Phyficians, who had determined to cut off a Man's Nofe, and had ordered very Experienced Surgeons, who were of the fame Opinion, to perform the Operation, were diffwaded from it, by a poor Barber, who had learnt it of a certain excel¬ lent Phyfician, who had formerly been his Mafler: By anointing and fomenting his Nofe with this Juice, he prevented the Nofe being cut off, and cured the whole Body of a Leprofy , which was fpreading all over it. The Leaves are bitter and aftringent with a drying Faculty, which is not exafperating. Lob el. Adverj. p. 197. 13. Linaria fegetum, Nummularis folio aurito & villofo, flore csruleo. Com. flat, xoitly tlje pftett ant* Ijatrp Jleaf of Nummularia, ahO a Mtte Elatine f 0m lio acuminato , flore caruleo. C. B.Pin. 253. 14. Linaria valentina, faxatilis & perennis, villofa, flore luteo. JEfje Mock, perennial’ ano Ijatrp 2 Doau^flap of Valencia, tottli a yolloio jflotaer. o 15. Linaria pumila vulgatior, arvenfts. An¬ tirrhinum arvenfe^ minus, C. B.Pin. 212. An¬ tirrhinum minimum. J. B. 3. 465. Antirrhi¬ num alterum , minimum, repens. Lob. Icon. 40 6. SD )t ieaff Calhe^¬tt, or gmapnrapn* 16. Linaria faxatilis, ferpilli folio. 2 Coa 041 ar,tj 3 tt!j a$potf>et of SEtypmelleaf. Antirrhinum fax a tile, folio ferpilli, C. B. Prodr. 106. Bot. Monfp. 17. Linaria faxatilis, Alfines folio villofo. ftock^oat^ar, totti a cljicktoeea fcairp lleaf, 18. Linaria faxatilis, Polygoni folio villofo. &dck 4 Eoa& 41 a]c, UPttI> a I¬egrafe hmp IleaL 19. Linaria Hifpanica, Numularis folio villofo. &pantff) Sfccat^flar, tott^ a^onep^ toojt ijatrp IUaf. Antirrhinum faxatile mi¬ nus, Origani folio vijcofo & villofo , flore albo , amplo . Barr. Icon. 20. Linaria Hifpanica, triphylla & latifolia, villofa. S>panifl) ri^eedeahtr, kjoafcdeaft’n anoljattpSUoao^Iar. 21. Linaria Lufitanica, maritima, Polygalse folio- ^ojtuplmarittme 2Coao^fla]t,tott!i Ileaf of Stlk^tuo^ 22. Linaria minima, hirfuto folio acumi¬ nato, in baA auriculato, flore luteo minimo. Morif.Hift.Oxon.Part. 2. 503. UTtaifeft SCoaMar, tmtfj a roup;!) pointers Heaf, aurtcttlateo at bottom, ano a fcerp little peiloto plotter. 23. Linaria puAlla, procumbens, latifolia, flore pallido, ri£tu aureo. Raii.Hifi. 7 <5 5. This has a Angle Root, with many large Fibres, yellowifh and annual ; from which there arife many llender Stalks, that are fee¬ ble, taper, a hand-breadth high, leaning upon the Ground, grey, as are the Leaves, which fometimes rife on the Stalks Angle, fometimes by couples, oppoAte one to ano¬ ther, fometimes by threes, and fometimes by fours, from whence there flioot forth little Branches, fometimes Angle, fometimes by couples, and fometimes by threes> The Flowers reft upon long (lender Foot-ftalks, being white with a yellow Mouth, with very The Compleat Herb ah 26 3 long and fmall Spurs turning backwards. That Part of the Flowers which Hands up in the middle Cleft, reprefents as it were two Ears, as in the little purple Linaria. Five little green Leaves fur/ound the Flower for a Flower-Cup. When the Flower vani- fhes, its Foot-flalk bends downwards* The Seminal-veflel is round, bivalve, and full of little red Seeds. As foon as the Seed is ripe, the Husk gapes, fo that it is difficult to ga¬ ther the Seed. 24. Linaria Conllantinopolitana, Lini fa- tivi folio, flore luteo. Conftanttttopolttan 2EoaMar, tmtlj tfje Leaf of manures ana a pellotn jflotoer. 25. Linaria Patmia, maritima, Cymbala- rke folio. Maritime CoaMat of ^atntoo, lottb tbe Leaf of Conaelo. 26. Linaria Orientalis, Coris folio, flore leucophaeo. Caftern Coaa^flar, tottb tlje Leaf of iFatr^eattjaotu^ptne, and a auskp Jflomer. 27. Linaria Orientalis, flore luteo, maximo. Calfern SEoaa^ajc, ttttlj a her? large pel* loin jflotoer. 28. Linaria Orientalis, Lilli Perfici foliis, florum fpica denfiffima & pyramidata. j&tt* ental 2Ecak#ar, toify Leabes of tile $er^ (tan Ltllp, ana a berp tbtcL, ana ppramt* aal §>ptfe of Jfloboers. 29. Linaria Orientalis, latiffimo folio, flo- ribus Linariae vulgaris. Rental HCoatr^ajt, tottlj a berp bjoaa Leaf, ana plotters of common SEoaa^flar. 30. Linaria Orientalis, vulgari fimilis, fo¬ lio longiffimo. gDtfental HEcaa^lar, refern^ bltng tbe common one, bntb a berp long Leaf. 31. Linaria Orientalis, ere&a, anguffo, ob- longo folio, flore aureo. gD^tental ttpjtgbt :2Eoaa4lar, toft!) a narrow, oblong Leaf, ana a Colaen plotter. 32. Linaria Orientalis, foliis Linaribe vul¬ garis, flore caeruleo, palato carente. £lDn ental SEoaa^flar, tuttb tbe Leaf of tbe common SEoa^flar, ana a blue Jfioloer Without a palate. 33. Linaria annua, purpureo-violacea, tal- caribus longis, foliis imis rotundioribus. Bot. Monfp. An Linaria carulea, calcaribus longis. J. R. 3. 461 ? 34. Linaria pumila, Lufitanica, floribus pa¬ lato carentibus* ^tugttefe abiarf ^oao^ flat, tnid) ifiobiers Wanting a palate. 3^. Linaria vulgaris, lutea, flore majore. C. B. Fin* 212. Common pellobi SEoaa^flar, tottlj a large iflotner. Linaria Ima vulgaris. J. B. 3.456. Linaria prima. Dod. Pempt. 183* This is the Linaria vulgaris of Farkinfon 5 and the Linaria lutea vulgaris of Gerarde . It thrufls it felf down a vaft way into the Earth, if it can find Room, by its white, hard and ligneous Roots. It fends up feveral Stalks at once from the fame Root, about a Foot or half a Yard high, fmooth, grey, clothed with thick-fet Leaves, difpofed in no Order, narrow,pointed, and fo very like thofe of Fine Spurge , that unlefs it wanted Milk, it would be hard to diftinguilh them, before the Plant Flowers. The Stalks are branchy at Top; The Flowers are ranged on the Tops of the Stalks and little Branches, as if they were formed into Spikes and Tloyrft; each of them refls upon a ffiort Foot-ffalk that fprings out of the Wings of the Leaves, being yellow, with a Saffron Y’awn, a Lip cut into three, and an ere£t Leaf cut as it were into two little Ears or Lappets, with an oblong, fharp Spur or Cornicle on its hinder Part, ftretched out like the Confolida regal is, by which they differ from the Flow¬ ers of Snapdragon , which they otherwife ve¬ ry much refemble. The Flower-Cup is fmall, divided into five Parts ; The Seminal-veflel, when ripe, is turgid, and gapes as it were into two Keels, containing plain round Seeds* The Taffe of the Plant is bitterifh and bit¬ ing. # It is frequently to be met with at the Sides of Fields, near: the High Roads, and in bar¬ ren Ground. 36. Linaria vulgaris, flore majore, albo* c. B. Fin. 213. Common 2 Eoaa*flar, bntlj a large tobite jf!ob?er. 37. Linaria vulgaris, lutea, flore minore. 1 C. b. Fin. 213. Common pellobiSCoaa^tar, b3ttbafmallJflobaer. 38. Linaria flore pallido, ri£tu aureo. C. B. Fin. 213. 2 Eoaa*ftar, bntb a pale plotter, ana a Colaeu f^aton o: spotttb. Limna Farinonica flore luteo , minore quam in vulgari 9 J.B. 3. 458. Linaria Fannonica 1. Cluf. Hift, 322. Tnis is the Linaria Fannonica major of parkinjon. %\)t great i?lat*b;ee& of Hun¬ gry* Sejm*: i6\ The CoMpleat Herbal . Sometimes it grows a Yard high, bearing an upright, fmooth, green Stalk, furrounded with many Leaves like thofe of manured Flax, which on the upper Fart is divided into many [lender lhort Branches, bearing . Flowers thin-fet, refembling the Flowers of the common Toad-flax, only fmaller and pa¬ ler, with a Yawn fomewhat hairy and gol¬ den. The Seed, which is fmall and black, is contained in Seed-veflels like thofe of the common Toad-flax . The Root is Jongilh, whitifh, leaning upon many [lender Fibres growing at the Sides, perennial, and bears new Stalks every Year on its Top p but it does not produce any from the lateral Fibres like the common one. It is all over bit- terilh. It grows upon the Declivities of Moun¬ tains, by the high Ways, and in Places that are naked of Grafs; above Pofen on the Da¬ nube, Gumpoftkirchen, Leytenberg , as alfo in Moravia. It flowers in June and $uly, and fometimes even in Augufl, and then it brings forth Fruit. 39. Linaria flore pallido, ri&u aureo, ela- tior. JDfje tallet Coat^aajc, tuit!) a pale plotter, ana a Coluen 40. Linaria flore pallido, ri&u purpureo. c. b. Pin. 213. SCoa^flat, tottl) a pale jHotoer, ana a purple i^afcm. Linaria flore albicante. Eyft. This Species does not exceed the common Toad-flax in Heighth, but it has Leaves dif- cernibly broader, and delicately green • with whitilh Flowers beautified with a purple Yawn or Gape, and much thinner Set than the Flowers of common Toadflax, which cloath the Tops of the Stalks much thicker, and like a Spike. 41. Linaria ere&a, flore majore, odoro, ob- foletb caeruleo, ri&u flavefcente. H. R . Par. ttflpjtaljt 2EoaB*flar, tattl) a large Imelltng jHotucr, of a oeao green Colour, ano a pttrpltfl) f^atmt. 42. Linaria minor, repens, & inodora. H. R. par . 2D!je lelfer creeping 2 Coah 4 ar, tmtljout Amtell. 43. Linaria purpurea, major, odorata. C. B. pin. 213. Cheater, ftneet^fntelltng put* pie SCOaO^flat. Linaria purpurea , magna. ]. B. 3. 460. Linaria altera, purpurea. Dod. Pempt. 183. It fends up from a long, black, diftorted, ligneous Root, a Stalk a Cubit and a half high, which is taper, fmooth, and firm, di¬ vided into very long Branches, and adorned with Leaves both longer and broader, than thofe of the Linaria lutea , without any per¬ ceptible Tafte. The Flowers grow in a long Series along the Branches, gaping on the fore¬ part,, fending out a Spur on the hindpart, being of a purple Colour, and much lelfer than thofe of the Linaria lutea vulg. The Seed is contained in fmall Seed-veffels, di¬ vided in two. It grows about Naples, and at the Foot of Mount Vejuvio. It is the largeft of all the Toadflaxes yet known to us; with a fmall Flower, of a deep purple Colour. 44. Linaria alba, major, odorata. C B. Pin, 213. Crater, M)ite, ftmt*fmelltng 2CoaMl&ir. 45. Linaria purpurea, odorata, major, fo- liis minus anguftis. C.B.Pin. 213. (Boater, fam*fmeiltng p purple Coau^flar, tmtlj ILeabes not qutte Co narrotn. 4 6. Linaria capillaceo folio, odora. C. B' Pin. 213. §>tom*Cmelttng Xomf\ax y tmtlj a Ijatrp 3leaf. Linaria odorata, Monfpejjulana . J. JB. 3. 4*59. Linaria Caryophyllata. Cam. Hort. 90. This is the Linaria Caryophyllata al¬ bicans of Parkinfon. %\)t Ctucct tnljtte SCoaU* flat. It Hands upon upright and ftiff Stalks, a Yard high, reddilh towards the Bottom, which are adorned with Leaves of common Toad-flax , but narrower, growing very dole to one another, and of a bitterilh Tafle. The Top of the Stalk is divided into little tender Shoots, which bear Flowers ranged in the fame Order as in the common Toadflax, with a much Ihorter Spur, appearing but very lit¬ tle; in which they differ from the Plant, fomewhat like Toadflax, as well as in the Flowers being fomewhat larger, of a moft agreeable Smell, with the upper Leaf pale, variegated with purplifh Stripes, and the un¬ der one divided into three white Jaggs, with a Downy Yawn or Gape, dyed with a Vio¬ let and Saffron Colour. The fmall Seeds are contained in roundifh Veffels, like thofe of the aforefaid Toadflax , but larger, and of an aftringent Tafte* The Root is lively, re¬ markably creeping, and of a white Colour. It The Compleat Herbal. It is to be met with every where about Montpelier; as like wife in Comm/, a County of England, in Hedges not far from a Town called Penn , towards the Welh 49, Linaria foliis anguftis, ex viridi ca- nefcentibus. C.B-Pin. 213. totth rimMUtam, of a thrift green Co* JOttr* Linaria Hifpanica iij. Cluf. Hid. 320. Many llender Stalks of a Foot high, rife up from the Root of this Plant. They are furrounded by thick-fet Leaves, which are narrow, long, of a whitifh Green, almoft 2 6 $ „ 5 2 « L “i. utea flore ' minirao. C B. Pin. tettl) a her? fatall 4 -pp- A ZSn p £Z‘S‘S 54 * Lhiaria arvenfis, cerulea. C. B. Pi nm Pmdr Lt iZ ia C ? rt * iea > €re ^ C B. roar. 107. Lmarm odorata, MonfoelMana minor, corulea. ]. B. 3. 461 JViU/ 2 JP e JJ^a, l&tO&S: md c ri S id afcout nine the fame Colour which we obferve in the Inches hi ah e ngld 7 ? ta , a ^ L - Leaves of Lavender, but bitter to the Tafle. which areen^m 8 a hbrbus Root, Round the Top of the Stalk grow many growing in Or!? Pafl f d Wlth ^ in " fet leaves. Flowers, fomewhat fweet-fmelling ranged one another ^f r if * dlftance fro/* in the Form of a Spike, in Sh.pl’jikeTe tejf an & W* Tfe Thread, and abo£ Ufpamca zda, whofe upper Leaf cut in two, anothe* in a remind, foll ° w ° ne >s of a pale white Colour on the outfide’ larger than r“ P °? the To P, and purple on the infide; then the Yawn is and farm Ah ^ L, ” arm oio ™ta, blue, of a whitifh yellow Colour, with a rough S ™ S °“ g ^ and purple Lip, with three little purplish SlP'lPieln Uinf^Hr’ V10acca- C ~ B.PinU Beards hanging down. To the Flowers P fuc- \e. Tr tC ceed the Seminal-veffels, but generally empty 2r2 d f? la ’ iutea ’ B. Pin. It is a lively Plant, and every 8 Year «£ new Stalks from the Root. Thu ;„Tni < - p art. i. 2 on. 50. Linaria tenuifolia, sruginei colon's a fmall S R ,. nt 0f , a ^ out a Foot high, with C. B. Tin. 2I2 . 2 DI)tn 4 eahh 8 &$$?■ ? £*>’, a " d Tendrils’ tuw- Of a CtlifP Colour. Linaria Hifpanica ij. ot" forth tour T 0 6 ta ^ ls upright, fending Cfuf.Hift.320. This is the Linaria Hifpanica lefo below ndl which a”I atro-purpurea npens of Parlinfon. F I1or the Middle to the Ton It rifes with {lender and numerous Stalks ly in Order and^rte? °f s » but fi ng!e ? - weak, ble J*.U Le ™ *4* _ j> uraigut upon the Leaves, of a fomewhat rafty'Colour.~"'Upon are a fewpuf« < “' r °° n the To P *ere the Tops of the Stalks and little Branches ftalks reft;!? ^ Com,n § out of filort Foot- reft fome Flowers, in Shape like thofe of vided’ inrn fi S 'if 00 r ?.V gh Flower-Cups di¬ common Toad-flax, but fomewhat fmaller mon 7W fl™ l 3 HJ® tJl ole of the com- beautiful, of a very black purple CoS’ fomeSaffo? a °4 ,n II Sha I* and °^r, bu C yellowifh about the Yawn, with very little thick IS j t n y e,i °wifh- The Fruit is Smell. To the Flowersfucc’eed roundt£h attfc&f^^ b ? fe containing Seeds that are plain, and of an tained JI at T °P> l' 1 which is con- containing Seeds that are plain, and of an Alh-colour. The Root is white, and furnifh- ed with feveral Fibres that look like Hairs W^cS*'*’*** • * t /°T rs in the Sumnler ? the Seed is ripe in Auguft , and fometimes it flowers longer It was raifed from Seed fent from Spain. ^ U„fL *®£i Hi JP^ ca of j . 5 i* Linaria lutea, montana, Genife tin^o- It SDtoarf ^pamih SToa&Tlar m folio. C. R. 212. a0t>YT rt iv» *P rin g s with little Twias i the reft.’ the fime bltter T afle with pj 7 ; bina f a ? un ? ila fu pina, lutea. c. F. • 13 * Linaria lutea , parva ferpens T R 3 - 457 - UM. Hifpanica v . Cluf.S J This is the Linaria tumila w, _g“ r * m folio. C. B. Pin. 213. J^elfoto Inches*lnno’ S v**? J ‘ ttJe Twigs about'four aS""' m «•*"»■*»»<» log Leaves M m a 66 "The Compleat Herbal. Leaves refembling thofe of common Toad* flax* Many yellow Flowers, fmaller than rhofe’of the common Toad-flax, and gather¬ ed as it were into a Spike, poflefs the ex¬ treme Branches $ To which fucceed' Heads lefs than thofe of the common Toad-flax, full of a fmall black Seed within. The Root is fmall and white, creeping after the manner of the common one. It is very bitter ; and Lecaufe it is generally found growing with the Ground Pine, and is therefore dwarfifb, thofe of SalamUnca took it to be a kind of Charm* pytis. It grows in the Fields about Salamanca, in dry Places, where it flowers almoft the whole Summer. Mr. Mrgwl, takes this to be the fame that grows in the Rocks of Wolfs-hill and Capouladou . 58. Linaria pumila, foliis carnofis, flofcu- lis minimis, ffovis. C* B* Pin* 213. JIDlratf SEoaMar* tritl) ftefyp iiUabegi, anti berp fmall ptlfotn JdOterS. Linaria lutea, parva, annua, ]. B. 3. 457. Linaria 2. Moravica 1. Cliif* Hift. 321. To me it grew of a different Size every Year, fometimes a Hand and a half high, and at other Times above nine Inches high, from feveral fmall whitifh Stalks: Now the Stalks, which are tender, and numerous, and the Leaves which are more tender, narrower, and thicker than in the common Toadflax , of a grey Colour, grow by threes, or fours, or fives, at certain diftances from each other, L>ut fometimes irregularly, and are bitter to the Tafte. The little Flowers reft upon the Tops of the fmall Branches, in the Form of Linaria, of a Saffron Colour, but four times lefs, with no manner of Smell. To thefe fuc- ceed little oblong Balls, containing little xound flat Seed : The Root is fmall and bit¬ ter. J. B. 59. Linaria foliis carnofis, cinereis. C % B. pin* 213. SCoaMar, tottb toftp four’ll ilcaf*0£. Linaria Hifpanic a iv. Cluf. Hift. 321. This is the Linaria parva Hijpanica altera of Barkinfon . ■ This other fmall Spanijh Toadflax has fe¬ deral weak (lender Branches, with many fmall narrow Leaves, encompafling them, fatter and thicker to the Touch, and fomewhat defter than the Jaft, and of an Afh-colour : The Tops of the Stalks are furnifhed with a great many fmall Flowers, of a pale bluiih, or Alh-colour, with a yellow Spot in the Mouth or Yawn. The Seed and Seed-veflels are fmall, according to the Proportion of the -Plant* Tlie Root is finall and white, and perilhes every Year. 60. Linaria casrulea, repens. C* B, Bin . 213. 2Eije fmall blue, creeping SCoaMiat. Li - naria parva , purpurea , foliis fine ordine dijpo- fitis* T. B. 3. 460. Linaria hr Moravica , ij. Cluf. Hift. 322. ’ ] This fmafi Toadflax fends from the Root Abundance of fmall weak Stalks, leaning down to the Ground, fcarce being able to ftand upright, fet without Order, with many fmall an^ very narrow Afh-colour’dLeaves up to the Tops ; where they grow into feveral other fmaller Branches, having a long Head, or Spike of Flowers, very finall, and of a fine bluiih purple Colour, with a yellow Spot in the Mouth or Yawn of them* The Seed is not unlike the former • but the Root lhoots forth many Fibres* and holds out the whole Winter. 61. Linaria repens, flore candidiffimo. pluck. Almag . Bou Creeping; SEoat^flar, tmri) a berp tufme jflottier. 62. Linaria quadrifolia fupina. C B. pin . 213. JfPottr^lcaH & lolxs SEoaU^lajt. Linaria purpurea , parva „ J. B. 3. 460.. Linaria tertia y Styriaca. Cluf. Hift* 322. This is the Linaria quadrifolia Alpha of Parkinfon • 2 Ll)C tatn blue jflajc^eir. This Mountain Toadflax fhoots Forth its fmall weak Stalks, lying almoft upon the Ground, varioufly divided into many fmal¬ ler Branches, even from the Bottom; upon which are fet fmall whitifh green Leaves, ve¬ ry orderly at the feveral joints, one above another, that is, at fome but two Leaves, at others three or four, not always keeping Pro¬ portion in the Number, especially below, but rather upward. The, Flowers that ftand at the Tops of the Branches, are in Form like the other, and pretty big, but Hand not fo thick cluftering together, being of a deli¬ cate purple blue Colour, with a yellow Spot in the Yawn or Mouth. The Heads that fol¬ low for Seed are pretty big, having blackifli flat Seed within them * The Root is fmall and white, fpreading feveral Ways under Ground, and perifhes not in the Winter. 63. Linaria Sjicula, multicaulis, Molluginis folio. Bocc . Rarior. Plant . 38. ^tCtltatt 3Eoate The Compleat Herbal ' 16 7 SCoaMar, tttanp Stalks, ana 2Uaf af Mjite ftotucr r* itfttic* ItotfratD* The Stalks of this Plant are a Yard high, round, branchy and reddilh. The Leaves are narrow, an Inch long, the undermoft ones growing round the Joints in Form of Stars, like thofe of white flower’d Ladies Bed-ftrarv • but the upper ones are not difpofed in any Order, and are fleihy after the manner of J minima, vifcola, to- liis hirfutis, floribus luteis. Morif. Hi ft. Oxon. Van. 499. %\)t fmaileff, marttinti^drifcou# ftoaMar, Mt\) I'ougfj Hrahcis, ana ytb Iota jfFioim% It bears rough' vifcous Leaves, of a much lighter Green than the Leaves of the Species immediately preceeding, covered over with Hairs. The Stalks are'half a Foot high ; on the Tops of which grow very fmall yellow Flowers; which decaying, they are fucceed¬ ed by little round, double-furrowed Heads, containing black, flat, or foliaceous Seeds* 66. Linaria Hifpanica, tenuifolia, vifcofa 8c villofa. fntalMeah’B, lnfcotts anb Ijattv SCoaMar. 67. Linaria Saxatilis, Thymi folio. I^OClv^ SCoab^ftar, tuttlj a SCI )ymt Ileaf. 68. Linaria annua, anguflifolia, flofculis albis, longius Caudatis. Triumph. 87* An Linaria alia vel albicans , inodora. J. B. 3. 4*59. Olyris alba. Lob. Icon. 408* From a Root about two Inches long, lig¬ neous, fmall, covered over with a white Bark or Skin, and divided into diftorted Fibres, with a great many little Beards hanging at them, bud forth two or three flender Stalks, which at firfl bend downwards, being very weak, greenifli and full of Juice, which are encompaffed, at certain diftances, by fmall Leaves generally growing by fours in the Form of a Star, entire, narrow and oblong, but pretty plump, and of a deep Green. One, or two at moft,of thole flender Stalks, when the Plant arrives at its full Growth, rile to the Heighth of four or fix Inches, (the others in the mean while decaying by degrees;) then this upright, round, and lig¬ neous Stalk begins to grow fomewhat thicker, being within full of white Pith, and without enwrapped with a Membrane, which is at firfl of a dark Y^ellow, and afterwards be¬ comes more paieifh, which is moreover di¬ vided into fome few more little Branches, breaking out from the Bofom of the Leaves. The upper Leaves are in Order longer and narrower than thofe beneath, and at length become an Inch long ; the uppermoft ones hang down Angle, and become almoft capil- laceous, or like Hairs. About the Beginning of June come out thin-fet, and fmall Leaves upon the Tops of the little Stalks, being fup- ported by fhort Foot-ftalks, riling out of the Flower-Cup divided into five Parts, like the reft of the fame Genus, but extremely fmall, with a very long Spur, and of a Colour per-? fe£tly white. The Seed-veflels are oblong and turgid, feparated in the middle by an open Hole, and parted into two little Cells by a thin white Midriff or Partition, being both fill’d with a copious fmall Seed, which is very black when ripe, between round and oblong, broader at one Extremity, than at the other, the Tafte of which, as well as of the other Parts, is bitterifh. When the Seed is fully ripe, the Plant is entirely withered. It has been often obferved to grow at Rome , near the Farnefian Hills, not far from that Part which looks to the South , by Jo* Baptifta Triumfetti. This Genus is called Linaria from the Re- femblance, between its Leaves and thofe of Linum or Flax. Tho’ there is but one Species of this large Genus commonly made ufe of in Shops, yet as we have fhewn the medicinal Virtues of fome others in the Courfe of thefe Defcripti- ons; So we may affirm, that in fome degree they are all effectual; notwkhflailding the moft common Kind is moft ufed, and perhaps with moft Reafon too. This then is made ufe of to provoke Urine, both when it is flopped, as alfo in dropfical Cafes, to carry off that Mm2 Abun- o6% The Complete Herbal. 'Abundance of watery Humours by Urine, and to wafh the Reins and Urinal Veflels ftom Gravel and Stones gathered there. The Deco&ion of the Herb, both Leaves and Flowers, in Wine, taken and drunk, gently moves the Belly, opens the Obftru&ions of the Liver, cures the Yellow Jaundice, expells Poifon, provokes Womens Courfes, and drives out the dead Child and After-birth. The diftill’d Water of the Herb and Flowers is effe&ual for all the fame Purpofes, efpeci- ally being drunk with a Dram of the Powder of the Seeds, or Bark of the Root of Wall- wort) and a little Cinnamon for fome Days fuccellively; and is accounted a lingular Re¬ medy for the Dropfj) by fpending the Water and Humours. The juice of the Herb, or fhe diftilled Water dropped into the Eyes, is a certain Remedy for all Heat, Inflamma¬ tion and Rednefs in them. The Juice or Wa- *er put into foul Ulcers, whether they be cancrous or flftulous, with Tents rowled in it, or the Parts walhed or injected with it, cleanfes them thoroughly from the Bottom, and heals them up iafely. The fame Juice or Water, either applied by it felf, or ufed with fome Powder of Lupines , cleanles tlie Skin wonderfully from all Sorts of Deformity, as Leprofy, Morphew , Scurf , Wheals, Pimples , or any other Spots and Marks in the Skin. fork It is likewife accounted an excellent Ano¬ dyne, as it is reckoned a Specifick for allay¬ ing the Pains of dry Hemeroids or Piles . The Deception of the Plant relieves thofe who fiave fain from aijy Eminence, by diflolving die congeal'd and clotted Blood. There is Sikewife an Ointment made of this Herb, for xhe Hemeroids ; which is prepared in this man¬ ner : You muft take the Herb and Flowers, and after you have bruis'd them, you mull: Foil them with Hogs Lard, and add to the Liquor the Yelk of an Egg, which being of ♦he Confiftency of mi Ointment, you muft apply with Wool to the Part affe£ted .Hoffm. But that you may have a compleat Idea of the Virtues of this Plant, I lhall fubjoin Mr. Tournefort’s Account of it, as he has it from the Memoires de l 3 Academic des Sciences . The Linaria lutea vulgaris o£ BauJoinus , of *he Linaria Prior of Dodomus, fays he, has a Saltilh Tafte; and when it is rubb'd, Smells like Elder. Its Leaveg don't redden blue Pa- per, but its Flowers redden it fufficiently * which gives us Ground to believe, that its Leaves contain a lharp Salt of a near Affinity to the natural Salt of the Earth, but in this Plant is mixed with a very conliderable Quantity of fetid Oil. The Flowers have a difagreeable Smell, but in them the Sal Ar- moniac lies more open, which is the Reafon of their reddening blue Paper. This Plant applied externally, is very lenitive and refol- vent; Qualities infeparable from the fetid Oil of 'Tartar y of Hartfborn and Vipers , &c. I don't know a more excellent Remedy for allaying the Pains which are felt by thofe who are affii&ed with the Cancer , than to anoint it with frelh Butter, mixed with Oil that has been drawn through the Retort. Flax- weed then or Toad-flax, refolves the Blood or Matter extravafated in the Porolities of the Flefh, and at the fame time foftens the Fibres, the extraordinary Tenfion of which, caufes infupportable Pains. The Ointment ob Toad¬ flax, is excellent to abate the Inflammation of the Hemeroids . The Manner of preparing it is thus: You muft boil the Leaves of this Plant in Oil, in which have been infufed Beetles or Woodlice ; then you muft ftrain the Oil through a Linnen Cloth, and add to it. the Yelk of an Egg boiled hard, and as much new Wax as is neceflary to give it the Con- liftence of an Ointment. Others, as Mr. Ray % oblerves, boil it with Hogs Lard , fo long till it becomes of a fine green Colour, and add to it the Yelk of an Egg, when they are gqing to make ule of it. Horftius relates, That a Land-grave of Hefs, gave John Hals his Phyfician, a fat Ox every Year for difeover- ing this Secret to him. The fame excellent Author, gives us the Qualities of the Linaria fegetum , nummularis folio vi/lofo , in thefe Words. The Leaves, fays he, are very bitter, and fomewhat aftrin- gent, and their Smell has fomewhat of Oili- nefs in it: They do not much redden blue Paper; from whence we may conclude, that their Salt has a near Affinity to the natural Salt of the Earth; but that it is joined with Abundance of Sulphur and Earthly Particles. This Plant is vulnerary, mitigating, and de- terfive or cleanfing: It purines the Blood, and reftores the Balm of Life, which confifts of a Sulphur modified by a lharp Salt. Ge- falpinus extoll’d this Plant for Scrophulous Turnouts ^ /7 Pedicu laris . 7/o/lo?v~rMtlo or A oorrvcr. The Compleat Herbal. i6$p Tumours and the Leprofy. For the Cancer , Gout, Tetters, Leprofy and Dropfy, the Patients mutt drink twice a Day three Ounces of the Juice, or fix Ounces of the diftill’d Water. There is a Tin£ture of it drawn with the Spi¬ rit of Wine; or there is an Extra# of it pre¬ pared, the Dofe of which is a Dram. The following Ointment is very good for Ulcers. for the Piles, for the King’s-Evil, and for all Maladies of the Skin. Macerate the Leaves of this Plant for tour and twenty Hours, in as much white Wine as is fufficient to cover them; Prefs out the Juice, and boil it till there remains only a third of the Liquor, adding to it as much Hog s-Greafe, as is fuf¬ ficient to give it the Confidence of an Oint¬ ment. TABLE LXXVI. GENUS III. Afarina, XaffatU 3fatUttt, or Sfa* ra&acca* A is a ^ ant with an anomalous, fiftulous, and perfonated Flower of one fingle Leaf A, refembling the Flower of Snapdragon . Out of the Flower-Cup C, rifea the Pointal D, faflened like a Nail in the hinder Part of the Flower B, which after¬ wards turns to a Fruit, or roundifh Husk E, divided into two Apartments K, by the in¬ termediate Midriff or Partition G, and full of Seeds, adhering to the Placenta H. For which Caufe. Afarina may be defined, a Plant with the Flower of Snapdragon, and the Fruit of Toad-flax. I know but one Species of Afarina, which is, Afarina Lobelii, Lugd. pi5. Hedera faxati- lis magno Jlore. C. B. Pin. %o 6 . Afarina Lobe- lii, fiore fieder* terreflris . J. B. 3. App. 856. Afarina five faxatilis Hederula. Lob. Icon. 6oj, From the jejune .and obfcure Defcription of Lobelias, it is hard to tell what Genus of Plants it ought to be referr’d to. Mattbiolus leems to. have been the firfl: who gave it that Name > in which he has been followed by others - but Clufius very 'much fufpe#s it to be his fecond Fuffdago Alpina, and that his Figure was taken from a Dry Plant, and be¬ fore it had brought forth Flowers to Perfecti¬ on; a Cuftom very familiar to this great Commentator upon Diofcor ides. Our Par* linfon defcribes it thus, Afarina, or Bajiard Afar am, fays he, is 3 low Herb creeping upon the Ground, fome-~ what like Afar am, having fuch like Leaves upon long hairy Foot-ftalks, but rounder,- and rougher than they, and fomewhat dent> ed about the Edges: The Flowers are like Camomil Flowers, but are confiderably fmal,- Jer, and wholly Yellow, as well the Border of Leaves, as middle Thrum or Chives, and. are not unpleafant to the Smell. The Roots are flender, fmall and long, creeping under the upper cruft of the Earth, and not Shoot-; ing down deep, fomewhat lharp and biting to the Tafte, and withal a little bitter. Mattbiolus fays, the Bafiard Aftrum has a tleanfing Quality, but a greater Faculty to attenuate that which is thick, to cut or break that which is tough, and to open Obftrufti- ons. A Dram of the Powder taken in fweefc Wine, or Honey-water, loofens the Bellj^ and carries off thick and tough Flegm, and black or aduft Humours. It is given to very good Purpofe and Advantage, to fuch as have the Yellow Jaundice, to fuch as have the Fal¬ ling Siclnefs , and to fuch as have the Falfy » if the Herb be either taken by it felf, or the Deco#ion of it drunk. It is faid likewif^- to kill the Worms in the Belly. TABLE LXXVII. GENUS IV. ' Pedicularis, Hattie, or Hattie is a Plant with an anomalous, fi~ AV ftulous, and perfonated Flower of one fingle Leaf A B, divided into two Lips, the upper one AB is crefted, but the under one f ederally parted into three. Out of the lower-Cup D F, rifes the Pointal E G, fa¬ ttened like a Nail to the hinder Part of the Flower X 2 which afterwards turns to a Fruit HM, The Compleat Herbal. HM, gaping two Ways IN, divided into t wo Cells K O, full of oblong Seeds L, or Hat and border’d ones P. The Species of this Plant are, t. Pcdicularis pratenfis, lutea, vel Crifia Galli. C. B • Pin. 163. Crifia Galli jcemina. J. B. 3. 436. Crifia Galli. Dod. Pempt. 55 6 . Mattie cn CocteCmttb. From a fmall, white, fingle Root, fending forth little Tendrels at the Sides, and not fhooting down deep into the Earth, arifes a Stalk generally tingle, a Foot long, biff, fmooth, fquare, upright, fmall, often varie¬ gated with black Spots and Stains, and to¬ wards the upper End purplilh, divided into feveral Branches, which are always encom- pafled with two Leaves, dire&Jy oppofite to one another, without Foot-ftalks, having a broad Bottom, and from thence growing gra¬ dually narrower to the very Point, about the Length of one's Finger, fharp, dented round the Edges, imitating a Cocks-Comb, with con- fiderable Veins running on both Sides, from the middle Rib to each of the Teeth. Out of the Bofoms of the Leaves, fpring little Branches or Boughs in Pairs, or oppofite to one another. Upon the Tops of the Stalks and Branches, come forth Bunches of Flowers forming a Spike, each of which rifes out of a particular Wing of a Leaf, with very fhort Foot-balks, and turgid, flat Spurs, cut into four acute Segments upon their upper Edge. The Flowers confift of one Leaf, are yellow, in the Shape of a Coul, and hide the fmall Pointal, and four Stamina or Threads with their Chives. When the Flowers fall, the Flower-Cup fwells into a much larger Bladder, and contains within it a large flat Seminal-veflel, divided in the middle into two Cells, and containing feve¬ ral flat Seeds, begirt with a membranaceous Border, of a dully or Afh-colour. Immedi¬ ately upon the Seeds being ripe, the mem¬ branaceous Veflels fplit, and become lucid when dry. It flowers in June, and the Seed is quickly ripe, which immediately lheds, and then the Plant dries up. It grows efpecially in barren Ground, and often in Plow’d Land, unprofitable and hurt- fill in both, as J. Bauhinus juftly obferves. 2. Pcdicularis pratenfis, lutea, ere&ior, ca- lyce fions hirfuto. Seatrcla Kat^ tie, moje erect, fciitij a rough jflotucr* Cup, Crifia Galli mas. J. B. Z^Pfidacu- laria lutea. Tabern. Icon. 761. It differs from the former in Stature and Heighth, which is fometimes a Foot and a Half- with a ftronger Stalk, and broader Leaves; with much larger Flowers; the Tops more whitifb, and rough Bladders. I have obferved this, together with the Female one, in the Meadows about Geneva • but could never yet find it in England. Ray. ’ 3* Pedicularis Alpina, floribus fpicatis, pal- lidis. epountatn Mattie, tottl; &ptker> pale jfplotuer^ Crifia Galli montana , floribus palli¬ dly in Jpicam congefiis. Raii. Hill. 770. It has a Angle white Root, furnifhed with a few Fibres, of the Size and Shape of that of' Goats-beard, only it is longer, with a Tafte not difagreeable of the Hazel-Nut, but fome- what more bitter. The Leaves at the Root, which are but one or two, are winged, and compofed of many Feathers joined together, after the manner of Ferny rough beneath, ending in a Point, each Feather being jagged at the Edges, exa&ly imitating the Leaves’ of the Crifia Galli vulgaris lutea, being of a Green that tends very much to Yellow. The Stalk is Angle from the fame Root, nine Inches or a Foot high, taper., firm, fomewhat rough, hollow within, not at all br-nchy, fa far as I remember, bearing on its Top a long Spike of Flowers very thick fer, of a pale Yellow, like thofe of the Crifia Galli vugms , unlels that they are larger, and hardly open, peeping out of a fwoln five corner’d Flower- Cup, with no Foot-llalks. At each Flower there grows a Leaf like thofe that grow at the Root; however the upper Leaves ceafe to be Feathered, and are very like the Leaves of the common yellow Rattle. In the Flower- Cup lurks the copped Seed-vefTel, full of fmall round Seeds. Generally this Plant has one Leaf below the Spike. Ray. 4. Pedictlaris lutea, vifeofa^ ferrata praten¬ fis. ^ellotu, clamtnp attn jag&en Mattie* Euphrafia,lutea y vijeata, ferrata pratenfis. Morifi H. R. Blef. 5. Pedicularis Hifpanica, umbellata* ^pa^ Ittfl) umbcflatcn Mattie* CrifiaGalli umbellata. J.B. Prodr. 85. 6 . Pedi- "the CoMpkat Herbal.' Q71 6 . Pedicularis anguftifolia, montana. ect^IeaVb, jpotmtafn Mattie* crifia Gain Anguftifolia, montana. C. B. Prodr. 86. The Stalk is corner’d, and half a Yard long; the Leaves oblong, narrow, pointed, notched round the Edges, growing by two’s, one dire£tly oppofite to the other; out of whofe Wings come forth lefler Leaves, and generally a llender Stalk, one or two Inches high, begirt with very fmall Leaves. The Stalk it felf is parted into Branches half a hand-breadth or more high, upon which reft pale Flowers, placed in the fame Order as in the common one, but much fmaller; to which fucceed little Valves containing broad Seed. This is found in the Mountains near the City of BafiL 7. Pedicularis verflcolor, fpicata. f^ptheb, battegateb Mattie. Alettorotophos Italica , ver- ficolor , fpicata. Barr. Icon. 8. Pedicularis maritima, folio oblongo, fer- rato. jtnte battle, tmtl) an oblong jagCttO Loaf. Trixago Apula , unicaulis, tetra - fiachys. C. Part. 1. 119. Chamadrys unicaulis , fpicata . C. B. Pin. 248* Antirrhinum album , ferrato foHo . ]. B. 3. 437. Antirrhinum folio dijfetto C. B. Pin. 2ii. F- Columna defcribes this Plant fully and exa£tly thus : It is a Plant of one Stalk al¬ ways, riling from a fingle Root, with a Stalk a Foot high, or a Foot and a half high at moft, fquare, rough, whitilh, or purplilh, be¬ girt with Leaves about a Fingers breadth di- ftant, by two’s, oppofite to one another, nar¬ row, oblong, tyunt, thick and flelhy, of a greenifh white, rough, with thin-fet jagged Teeth, larger at the middle of the Stalk, and about three Inches long. Gn the Top of the Stalk refts a fquare Spike compofed of round- ifh crefted, rough, thick-fet Leaves, like thole of the common Eye-bright ; from which come forth copped Flowers, which are very large in Proportion to the Plant, with broad Beards, that are white and pale, and rough purplilh Heads, from whence fticks out a yellow Thread like a Tooth. The bivalve Seed-vefTel is inclofed in a pretty large Bot¬ tle or Bladder* The Seed is fmall as the Sand, very copious and yellow. p. Pedicularis annua, Alpina, lutea, an¬ guftifolia.. igarrottvlcabtr, pelloft, annual battle of tty: 10. Pedicularis purpurea, annua, minima, vema. ftnallefi; annual, bental, pur* plC Mattie* Euphrafia purpurea minor. C. B. Prodr. hi. Bot. Monfp. Euphrafia pratenfiSy Italic a ^ latijolia. C. B. Pin. 234. Euphrafia non fcripta five media . Col. Part. 1. 202. From a very fmall fibrous Root, it fends up a Stalk not a hSid-breadth high. The Leaves are thin-fet along the Stalk, encom- paffing the Stalk by couples at certain di~ fiances, being oblong, wrinkled, pretty deep¬ ly notched, and fomewhat rough. On the Top it produces a Spike of Flowers, which always grow by couples over* again ft one a- nother of a purple Colour, and refembling the Flowers of Snapdragon. The upper-Lip is divided into three, and marked with three little white Spots. To the Flowers fucceed longilh Bladders, full of very fmall reddilh Seed. The Plant is annual; The Defcripti- on of C. Bauhinus y does not agree to this as to the Seed. Magnol found it in Flower in the Month of May , beyond the Bridge of Saleneuf by the Road as you go to the Village called Saint Jordi, in thofe Barren Places called Garrigues. The Seeds are not like thofe of Eye-bright x but like thofe of Snapdragon , with which it alfo agrees in Flowers. 11. Pedicularis alba, annua, minima, ver- na. %\)t fmalleft tubtee, annual, Dental Mattie. Euphrafia pratenfis , Italic a , latifolia, fiore candido . C. B. Pin. 234. 12. Pedicularis Anglica, foliis brevibu s> obtufis. Cngltlb Mattie, bmb ffio# blunt ILeabesi. Euphrafia rubra Wefimorlandica , fo~ His brevibus , obtufis . Raii. Synopf. 162.. It has a white, hard Root with pretty large Fibres, and, as, I thought, creeping. The Stalks half a Foot high, llender, upright, JlifF, branched, fomewhat rough and brittle. The Leaves grow upon the Stalk in pairs with¬ out Foot-ftalks, in Shape and Size, like thole of the Alfine Chamadryfolia, wrinkled, dented about the Edges, of a Greennefs tending to an Alh-colour, and fomewhat fhining. The Flowers Hand upon the Tops of the Stalks out of the Wings of the Leaves, being lTip- ported by fhort Foot-ftalks, in Form like the Flowers of the Crifia Galli, with ar longer Pipe, of a nafty purple Colour, and a Flower- Cup divided into four Parts; To which fut- ceed 2j2 The Complex Herbal. cced fwoln Scnalnal-veflels, divided into two about the length of one's Finger, narrow* parts by a Line drawn in the middle. The (about the third Part of ones Finger broad^) Seeds are white, like thofe of Cratz errata* ©ountatn^ battle, tmfb a ffittt lliaf. Pedicularis ma¬ jor Dalechampii. J.B. 3*438* Pedicularis ma¬ jor, Alpina. Lugd. 1138. It very much refembles the Filipendula Al¬ pina , with a Root black without, in Shape like a Turnip, wrinkled, and furnifhed with lbme Shoots. The Stalk is almoft half a Yard high, ftreaked and fingle. The Leaves are like thofe of the Fern, placed in Order upon a long Foot-ftalk. notched round the Edges, with the Foot-ftalk of each Leaf coming out of the Stalk alternately. The Flower is pale, colle&ed in Form of a Spike, upon the Top of the Stalk; with copious Seed contained in 273 broad Barky-veflels, after the manner of Mad-mrt . It grows on the Top of the Golden Moun¬ tain near Gergoie . 23. Pedicularis Alpina, folio Ceteracb. C. B. Pin . 163. ^otmtatn^Hattle, loitl) Cete* raclj, or ©tlt^toaffe Ecahcs. Herb* foliis afplenio jimilu. Gefn. Fra£h 65. 24. Pedicularis Alpinus, Filicis folio, minor, C. B. Pin . 163. Alettorolophos iij. Cluf Hift. ccx. Aletlorolophus Alpinus, minor • Cluf Pan. 707. 25. Pedicularis Alpina, AJphodeli radice, purpurafeente flore. ©Ottntatn^Hattle, ttlttlj an pikeo*Mattl* Of Crete. 34. Pedicularis orientals, flore magno, fla- vefeente, Afphodeli radice. Rental battle, tontlj a large pdlotot® plotter, antra MOOt of ^fptjootl. 35. Pedicularis orientalis, minima, flora albido. m)t fmalleft omental battle; tottfc a tnlnttfb Jflotoer. 36. Pedicularis orientalis, fupina, folio trifido, flore magno, flavefeente. ILptttg C2U ental Mattie, toitty a ileaf mbttico into t^ee, ano a large pellotmfl; JFIotoer. 37. Pedicularis orientalis, annua, Pfyllii folio, flore luteo. Annual omental Mattie* femlj a 5fleatoo?t Ileaf, mu a pellotu iflotoer. 38. Pedicularis orientalis, Afphodeli ra* dice, flore longo,.angufto & flavefeente. ental Mattie, tottlj an arphonil Moot, an& a long, narroto, pcllototft iflotner. Lobelius writes, that this Plant is called Pe- dicularis, becaufe of its poifonous Qualities, its infefling Meadows, and killing of Lice. On the other hand, Dodonaus Names it Pe¬ dicularis from the Effe&, becaufe the Cattle that feed in the Ground where it grows, breed Abundance office^ But Mr.ftsy thinks it is fo called, becaufe the Wrinkles on the back of the Leaf are very like that Vermin. No Antient Author has (b much as mentioned this Plant, no* given us any certain Marks* Px The Com fie at Herbal. by which we can Ee allured they knew if. The Virtues of it are not much celebrated, and very few Writers take any notice of it irr this refpeft. It is faid however to heal up Fiftula's and hollow Ulcers , and to flop the Flux of Humours to them, and to abate the immoderate Flux of Women’s Courfes, if boiled in harlh or red Wine, efpecially the red Rattle. The yellow Rattle or Cocks-Comb, is accounted proper for fuch as are trou¬ bled with a Cough, or Dimnefs of Sight; in which Cafes, the Herb mud be boiled with Beans and fome Honey, and then drank or dropped into the Eyes. The whole Seed be¬ ing put into the Eye, draws away any Skin, Film, or Dimnefs, without any Pain. Some hold it to be of a cold and drying Quality. TABLE LXXVIII. GENUS V. Melampyrum, CollMofjeat. is a Plant with an anoma- lous, perfonated Flower of one fingle Leaf A, divided into two Lips, of which the upper C, is crefted, and the under D, gene¬ rally entire. Out of the Flower-Cup. F, rifes the Pointal E, -fattened like a Nail to the hinder Part of the Flower B, which after¬ wards turns to a Fruit, or roundilh Husk G, .gaping in two Places H H, divided into two Cells ~K, by the intermediate Partition or Midriff L, and full of Seeds I, refembling the Grains of Wheat. The Species of CotBAuIjtat are, l. Melampyrum purpurafeente coma. C. B. Pin. *234. CoUvluljtat, feriti) a purpitflj SI?ttffror stop. 'Melampyrum mult is five Fri- ticum vacimm. J. B. 3.439. Triiimm vacci- num. Dod. Pempt. ^41. This is the Melam¬ pyrum purpureum of Gerarde ; and the Cratao- gonon ficre vario of parkinfon. CottttttOtt ptttv pfe It has a fmall ligneous Root, furnifhed with fome like Fibres: From which rifes a (ingle Stalk, which is fquare, rough, purplifh, and hollow with many Wings. The Leaves are placed at certain diftances op polite to one another, fome like thofe of Toad-flax, others *7$ broad and deeply jagged, rough, and of af deep green Colour: But fuch as are upon the lop Bufh grow thronger, are Ihort, broader, divided a9 it were into Fingers, and Dyed with a gay Purple. Out of their Wings come crefted, roughifh Flowers, with a purple Helmet, a yellow Lip with a Mix¬ ture of Red, a Neck entirely Yellow, and the reft of the Pipe purplifh; to which fuc- ceed two or three Seeds, lefter and blacker than Grains of Wheat, wrapped up in an oblong turgid Husk, which is divided into two Cells, with a membranous Cover ending in a Ihort Beard or Awn. It grows every where among the Corn in Foreign Countries: But is not, that I know, to be found in any Part of England . Ray. Cow-wheat, fays J. Bauhims, has not, fo far as I can learn, found any Room in Phylick, but is generally negle&ed. Cluftus lays, that in the Weft of Friefland and Flanders, where it grows very plentifully, it Spoils their Bread, and makes it dark* and that thole who eat of it, ufe to be troubled with Hea- vinels of the Head, in the fame manner as if they had eaten Darnel or Cockle. I have often eat Bread with a little Tin&ure of this in it, but could never perceive that it gave it any difagreeable Tafte, or that it was ac¬ counted the more unwholfome for that by the Countrey People, who never endeavour to feparate it from their Corn. Nay, Faber- mmontams declares, that he has ofren eaten it without any Harm, and fays, that it makes a very pleafant Bread* 7 lay. It is a delicious Food for fattening of Oxen or Cows; fo that it might not abfurdly be called Pabulum hovinum nut vaccimm. J. B. 2* Melampyrum luteura, latifolium. C. B. Bin. 234. Melampyrum Sylvaticum , flore luteo, five Satu- reia Itftea, Sylveftris . J. B. 3. 441. Milium Syl¬ vaticum i. Alfine Sylvatica dr Milium Sylvnti-. cum ii. Tabern. Icon. 242. This is th zCratt- ogonum vulgare of Pariknfon, and the Crataogo - num album of Gerarde . It has the Roots of the Melampyrum vul - gatm fegetum, or the common Corn Cow- wheat, but generally more lank and fcraggy; with Stalks nine Inches or a Y'ard high, fquare, lomewhat rough, and divided into very long and thick-fet Branches. The Leaves adhere clofe to the Joints in Couples, being N n 2 ftained The Compleat Herbal. Gained with a dark Purple, fometimes as broad as a Blade of Corn, and fometimes twice as broad, about two Inches long, of an unpleafant and fomewhat biting Tafte ; the uppermoft of which that are oppofite to die Flowers, are jagged like the common Corn Cow-wheat* But the Flowers in Shape of a Pipe, are like thofe of the other Melam¬ pyrum , wholly yellow, more lightly,, by Cou¬ ples, and generally turning to one Side, out of Flower-Cups divided into four Parts ; to which fucceed flat Seed-veflels with a crook¬ ed Beak, containing three or four large ob¬ long Seeds, refembling Grains of' Wheat. I have fometimes obferved in this Plant a blue or faint red Colour. J. CaJpar Bauhinus obferves, that this Plant was graven thrice in the Hifiory of the Plants of Lyons* i. Under the Name of Cratceogo- mm. 2* By the Name of Satureia lutea Dale - champii* 3. By that of Hyffopm ncmorenfis > whole Figure does not anfwer to that of our Melampyrum*, but in head of that, they re¬ peated the Defeription of Satureia lutea* It is to be found in Forefts, and on the Sides of Woods, in Thickets, Hedges, and lhady Places about the Roots of Oaks, and other old Trees, in almoft all the Countries in Europe. 3. Melampyrum criflatum, Bore albo 8 c purpureo. j* b. 3.440* Crefteo Cob^toljeat, fcutt) a hjljtte ana purple iflotoer* It derives its Nourilhment from a fmall ligneous Root, which is fometimes lingle, and fometimes divided into feveral Parts.. The Stalk is half a Foot high and better, fometimes taper, fometimes angular and very branchy, the Branches being even longer than the Stalk it felf, generally oppofite to one another, fometimes unequal in their Rife, cloathed with Leaves of the Melampyrum Sylvaticum flore luteo, but longer and narrow¬ er, and generally two oppofite to one ano¬ ther. The Flowers appear upon the Top of the Stalks and Branches, in thick fquare Spikes, being long, gaping, or crefted, and generally purple with a yellow Yawn ; and are fucceedea by Ihort Husks with fharp Points, like the Husks of the Melampyrum Sylvaticum r The Seeds are alfo alike* The Flower-Cup is ihort, with a Border cut into four Segments. Each of thofe Flowers and Husks are dierifhed in the Bofom of a Leaf that doubles upwards, whofe upper Edge re- prefents the Figure of a half Moon, the Arch being curioully notched and crefted with very fmall Teeth. The Eni of this Leaf runs into a long and narrow Point. Of thofe Leaves thus doubled and refting upon one another like Scales, is compofed a Spike. They are generally Dyed with a purple Colour. It grows plentifully in the Woods about Cambridge and Bedford. I have likewife ob¬ ferved it growing in Woods on the Moun¬ tains near Geneva* Ray. We muft exclude from this Genus the Me¬ lampyrum luteum , minimum of C. fi. Pin. 234. becaufe it is reckoned a Species of Ranun¬ culus* It is called Melampyrum from Tri¬ tium, and (jlikcls, niger , becaufe of the Shape and Colour of the Seed. I don’t find that this Genus is fam’d for any Medicinal Virtues, more than what we have related in the firft Species j only Lobel fays, it is proper for thofe that are cold, and that the Seed provokes to Venery. TABLE LXXVIIL GENUS VI. Euphrafia, Cpc>b?igljt4 VJP&btfgfyt, is a Plant with an anomalous^ perfonated Flower of one lingle Leaf A, divided into two Lips, the upper one up¬ right and parted into feveral Divifions, and the lower one C, divided into three Parts, each of which is again divided into two. Out of the Flower-Cup D, rifes the Pointal E, fixed like a Nail into the hinder Part of the Flower B, which afterwards turns to a Fruit, 01 oblong Husk F G, divided into two Cells H, and full of fmall Seeds I. The Species of are, 1. Euphrafia officinarum. C. B, Pin. 233. Common Cpe^igljt* Euphrafia . J. B. 3. 432. Dod* Tempt . 54* It is a little Plant about a Span high, with a lingle Root, but diftorted and turning backwards and forwards, furnifhed with a few pretty large Fibres, ligneous and white j with little taper, and fomewhat rough Stalks, ^ ~ purplifla The Compleat Herbal . a 77 purplifh at Top, Branchy, with many fmall Branches coming forth out of the Wings of the Leaves, fometimes reaching above the Middle of the Stalk in length. The Leaves grow in couples upon the Stalk oppofite to one another, adhering without Foot-flalks, like thofe of the Chamjdrys, or the Alfme Cham&dryfolia^ fhining with a deep Green, wrinkled, dented, rough on the fur¬ ther Side, of a fat and bitterilh Tafle. The fmall Flowers come lingle out qf the fingle Wings of the Leaves, retting upon Flower- Cups divided into four Parts, being very Beautiful and Milk-white, ftriped within with purple Lines, with a .Lip divided into three Jaggs, each of which is again divided into two, and marked with a yellow Spot in the Middle. The Crett, which bends back¬ wards, likewife conceals feveral Stamina or Threads divided into two. To the Flower fucceeds the Seed-vefiel, which is oblong, flat, bivalve, divided into two Cells, and con¬ tains within it feveral oblong Alh-colour’d Seeds. 2. Euphrafia ramofa, pratenfis, flore albo. Ey/l. l^ancljp, Cpe^tgljt, tottlj a incite iflotocr. 3. Euphrafia minus ramofa, flore ex cseru- leo purpurafcente. Ey/l. CPC^lmgljt b?ancf)ctr, tmtl; a purple blue Jflotoer. 4* Euphrafia Alpina parva, luteis floribus. C. B. Pin . 233. uttde spottntam c Ipt* !>?tgl)t, feutlj pdlott Rioters. Eu^hra/ia htea. Bocc. Muf. Part. 2. Tab. 60. *v Euphrafia tenuiflime difle£lo folio, an- utto. Bocc . Muf. Part . 2. Tab. 6c. (&pe? Wl)t, totd; a narrow Bleaf cut tnto herp fmall Jaggs* The Species of Eye-bright , without Flowers and Fruit, are commonly known by their veiny and dented Leaves. They differ from Cow-wheat and Rattle in the Shape of their Flowers. I>alechampius fays, that this Plant was cal¬ led Ei/p^fruuw, becaufe it helps and comforts the Eyes ; and that thofe who were Ignorant of the Greek Tongue corrupted it, and turn’d it to Euphrafia . But J. Bauhinus refutes him, and demonftrates, that this Plant is not to be met with, either among the Greek or Latin Writers. The firfl Species here defcribed, is mottly celebrated for its excellent Virtues in Phy- fick. In whatever manner it is taken, whe¬ ther beat to Powder, and drank with White- wine, or chewed and fwallowed by it felf without any Mixture, or the Juice of th# Plant fqueezed, or the diftilFd Water, all, or any one of thefe wonderfully ttrengthen and enlarge the Sight, repair and reflore a weak or a lott Sight. For an Inflammation or Dimnefs of the Eyes, the bruifed Plant is applied, or the Tuice of it is put into the Eyes, but efpecially the diftill’d Water. Cafpar Hoffman fays, that the Uncertainty of the Plant, makes theUfe of it deipicable ; and that Arnoldus and others, rettrain the Ufe of it to fuch as are fat and full of grofs Hu¬ mours. And with refpe£ to Wine, Pena fays, it had very ill Succefs with his Compa¬ nion and Fellow-Labourer. Nor is this to be wonder’d at, fays he, for it does not cure any fort of Dimnefs indifferently, but that which is caufed by Coldnefs; and not all that neither, but only fuch as proceeds lolely from Flegm, or Rheum : For the very Tafte ? continues he, which has a certain Bitternefs in it, demonffrates the Plant to be hot and dry. But if it conduces to remove the Dimnefs of the Eyes, it does not effect this by its Heat and Drynefs (for many Things that are hot and dry are of no Service to the Eyes) but by a Subtilty of Parts, and a certain fpe- cifick Property. Now that this Plant con* fitts of fubtle Parts is plain from hence, That Tragus found the Deco&ion of it in Wine drunk warm, to be a Sovereign Remedy in the Jaundice • And Frederick Hoffman fays, it is an Ophthalmick Plant, of a fharp aftrin- gent Tafte, and ufeful in the Suffufions and Dimnefs of the Eyes. He adds, That the Euphrafia flore albo boiled in Wine, and the Decoftion drunk by the Patient, he found to be good in the Tellow Jaundice; which he fays, he found' out by chance, and that no one had obferv’d this before him. The diftilfd Water, the Conferve, the Ef. fence with Spirit of Wine are fold in the Shops, and the Infufion in Wine for com- mon drink. For a dim and confufed Sight, Take half an Ounce of Mace , and two Ounces of Eye- bright. Make them into a very fine Powder, After the proper Evacuations, the Dofe is two Ounces. Maroldtts calls it, Pulvis Polio- 278 The Com fie at Herbal. ris Helidti. Vodonetus adds , Sugar and Fennel- Seed. FtichfmS) commends it in Suffufms and Catarafls* Fabriciui Hildanus, a celebrated Author of great Credit, fays, that the Virtue and Effi¬ cacy of Eye-bright is lo great in Weaknefs of Sight, that he has obferved fome Men Se¬ verity Years of Age, to have recovered their Sight in that decripid Age by the Ufe of this, after they had loft it by much Study and Watching. Dr. Tancred Robinfon obferves, that thofe whom we call Oculifts, both in England and in Foreign Countries, give this Plant to their Patients in Sallads, in Broth, baked in their Bread, and infus’d in their or¬ dinary Drink; and that they apply it out¬ wardly in Eye-Salves and Fomentations. The Account which Mr. Tournefort gives of it in his Hiftory of Plants about Paris is this. Eye-bright is very bitter, and reddens blue Pap er a little: which makes us believe that Sal Ammoniac > tho’ wrapt up in Abundance of Oil and Earth, does however prevail in this Plant. It refolves the Humours, renders them proper for emulating, and drawing a- long with them the Matter that caufes the Obftru&ion. It is granted -on all Hands, That it clears,lengthens, and even reftores the Sight. The Dofe. commonly preferibed, is from one to three Drams in a Glafs of Fen- pel, or Vervain Water. You may make a Conferve of it, or mix it with that of the Leaves of Wormwood. Arnoldus de villa nova , in his Treatife of Medicinal Wines, gives great Encomiums to that of Eye-bright. In the Time of Vintage they put this Plant in MhJIj and drink it when it is become fuf- fkiently clear. Fena and Lobel prefer the Ufe of it in Powder before the Wine. They affirm, that one of their Friends in Switzer¬ land, who had a fmall Rheum in his Eyes, prefcrved his Sight from being loft, by drink¬ ing Eye-bright Vv ine for three Months. TABLE LXXIX. GENUS VII. Poly gala, 20 t'UtU>C 2 t. ]VfJlk^O?t 3 is a Plant with an anomalous, perforated Flower of one fingle Leaf A, not perforated behind B, divided into two Lips before; the upper one A, is again divided into two, but the under one C, is curioufly fringed. Out of the lower Part of the Flower riles the Pointal D, which after¬ wards turns to a broad Fruit E, with a dou¬ ble Gape F, divided into two Cells G, and full of oblong Seeds H ; But the Fruit is ge¬ nerally enfolded in the Flower-Cup I, which is compofed of live Leaves, viz. three very fmall ones, and two larger ones KL. which afterwards embrace the Fruit like Wings M. The Species of are, 1. Poly gala major. C. B . Fin- 215. )z greater Folygala vulgaris , major. J.B. 3.387. Folygala major , carulea. Tabern. Icon... 8 25?. This greater Kind ihoots from the Root, five or fix hard, ilender and flexible Stalks, a Foot high or more, thick fet with fomewhat long and narrow Leaves, like thofe of Dyers - weed- The Flowers grow at the Top in a long Spike thick together, fomewhat like thofe of Fumitory, but larger, and of a fine delicate reddilh purple Colour, Ihining with¬ al ; after which follow flat Pouches, with two Seeds in them ufually, which are long, blackiih and hairy: The Root is hard and ligneous with Fibres at it, and endures long. This has been found to vary the Colour of the Flower,, efpecially in fhady and moift Places, becoming either blue, or white, or mixed, as the fmaller Kind is. 2. Poly gala major, alba. Tabern. Icon . 829. SClje greater ttrtnte eptlk*too?t. 3. Poly gala major, purpurea. Tabern . Icon. 830. 2Dbegreatet purple #tlk^ojt. 4. Poly gala vulgaris. C.B-Fin. 215. CORE? mot! SDtfettOlt. Folygalon mult is. J.B. 3. 386. Polygala ctrulea- Tabern. Icon. 831. 5. Polygala alba* Tabern. Icon . 831. WW)itt 6 . Poly- Poly gala. 7?Zilk-?zw7*p. A A D 4a4.p'?. Adhatoda. ttuf. a8o. The CoMtpleat Herbal. 6 . Polygala purpurea. Tabern . Icon . 831* 7. Polygala acutionbus rohis, Monfpeliaca. C. b. Pin . 21 «$. Montpelier Mtlk^bjo#, bntb fljarper ILeaOeO* Onobrychis tertia Dalecham - pii. Lugd* 491. 8. Polygala acutioribus foliis, Monfpeliaca, floribus caeruleis. H. R. Monfp. Motttpelter Milkwort, bntl) ffjarperJLeabeis aitn blue JflQtoer& 9. Polygala annua, ere&a, anguftifolia, flo- ribus colons obfoleti, carneis lineis, virgatis. Bot. Monfp. annual, ttpjtgbt, narrow leab’b Milk^ojt, toitb lleabes of an ob* folete Colour, ftripeb toitb iFlefb^coloureb HlineO. Folygala vulgaris coloris obfoleti , foliis anguftiffimis. J. B. 3. 388* Dr. Sherrard gather’d a Plant upon Mount Madonna near Rome , which he fufpe£ts was the fame with this, with narrow Leaves ftretched out into long and lharp Points; with Flowers running into very long Spikes upon the Tops of the Stalks and Branches, with very fmall and ihort Foot-ftalks, (no Leaves growing where they arofe) and gene¬ rally bending downwards. 10. Polygala foliis lanceolatis, brevibus. Bocc. Maf Part . 2. 141. Milk^bPOZt, tuttb Ileabes in jfojmof a llance. Polygala breviy lanceolato jolio. Ejufd. Tab. 99. This Plant is upright, and has hardly ever more than one Stalk. It bears, Ihort, lharp, lanceolated Leaves, which grow to it with¬ out Foot-ftalks. The Flower is herbaceous. It never rifes above a Span high. It grows in the Fields of Brindifi , a City in the Kingdom of Naples . 11. Polygala montana, minima, Myrtifo- lia. 2Dbe fntallrtt Mountain, ntprtlc 4 eab'b Mtlk*b 30 $t. Chamamyrfine quorundam Dale- champii. Lugd. 1173. 12. Polygala Lufitanica, frutefeens, magno flore, foliis minimis. ^Botfttgttffe frtttpfccnt Milk^ootf, brith a large Jfloboer, ana be* rp Tmall ILeabes, 13. Polygala Africana, Frutefeens, angufti¬ folia, major 01 deni. 2Clje greater African, narrob^leab’b Mtfk^too# of €)ltienlanb. 14. Polygala Africana, Lirti folio, magno flore. Oldenl. 3 frtCatt Mtlk^bJOJt, britlj H iflaplleaf, anti a large jflotoer. 15. Polygala Africana, frutefeens, Buxi fo¬ lio, maximo flore. African ftutefeent MWk* 279 too#, tmtij a IBor Ileaf, anb a berp large plotter. ^ ... . 16. Polygala Cretica, vulgari limihs, flore albido, longiore. Of Crete, like t!je common 2®ilk#tuojt, tottij a p?ettj> Jong tnljtttCI) irloWc. 17. Polygala orientals, fupina, myrtifo- lia, flore caeruleo. £D$t0tttal, flat, ntprtfe leab’b M^mo^t, bJitb a blue plotter. . 18. Polygala orientalis, fupina, myrtifolia, flore purpureo. SDjieutal, flat, ntprtle* leab’b Mtfk*b)o#, brit \) a purple jflobier* 19. Polygala orientalis, Linifolia, flore magno, albo. jfla^leabb oriental Milk^ britb a large purple joiner. 20. Polygala orientalis, Linifolia^ flore magno, purpureo* ^rlatcTeaVb oriental Milk^oo#, britb a large tritrite jflotoer. This Genus is called Folygala from 'zroAt?,' mult and ydKct Lac , as if it was a Plant that brought Abundance of Milk. The Name Polygala, or Pohgalon , fays Tragus, is impofed on thefe Plants, upon fuppofal that they are the Polygala of Diojco• rides; but they only refemble it, and are not really the fame: and therefore Lobel calls it Polygala Recentiorum, as not judging it to be the true one of that Learned Antient. This Gefner had taken notice of before him, be¬ ing convinced of the Difparity by the bitter Tafte of our Folygala, and therefore called it Amarella ; and yet according to the German Vulgar Name, he called it alfo Crucisflos. Do donaus, Clufms, Lobel, and feveral others, fol¬ lowing the current known Name, call it Po¬ lygala, as not knowing a fitter to name it by ; yet Angmllara feems to call it The [ion f and Dodoncem, Flos Ambervalis. Gejner, as was faid before, having called this Herb Amarella, by reafon of its Bitter- nefs, fays, that he found it to purge Choler^ having made the Trial of it upon himfelf, by fteeping a Handful of it all Night in Wine a and drinking it in the Morning; and there¬ fore it is not very likely to encreafe Milk in Women’s Breafts, neither bitter nor purging Things, being apt to work any fuch Effect 5 which is likewife a good Argument to prove a that it is not the polygala of Diojcorides . TABLE 280 the Compkal Herbal. TABLE LXXIX, GENUS VIIL Sifflatoftu A StyatOba, is a Plant with an anomalous ■*”*' perfonated Flower of one Angle Leaf A, divided into two Lips, the upper one A,being either crooked, or turning upwards,and bend¬ ing down to the Bottom, but the under Lip C, is divided into three Parts. Out of the Flower-Cup D, rifes the Pointal E, fixed like a Nail into the hinder Part of the Flower B, which afterwards turns to a Fruit, lhap’d like a Batoon, or Club F, divided into two Cells G, by an intermediate Midriffe H, gaping two Ways, and full of Seeds that are generally flat, and as it were in the Shape of a Heart I. The Species of < 3 t)l)at 0 ba are, 1. Adhatoda Zeylanenfium. B\ L. Bat. %\)t batons of ?eplam 2. Adhatoda flore minori. Bem-curini. B. Mai. Part . 2. 33. 3. Adhatoda floris labio fuperiori anguftif- Arno & ad pofleriora reclinato. 30 l)at 00 a, ixrttfj tlje upper 3 Ltp of tlje jTlottier berp uarroUi, benbtno; hack toboams tl;e Wot? tent* 0 vnm-citrinu H. Mai. Part. 31. 4. Adhatoda herbacea, Circs# foliis, parvo fru6iu. ^erbp Sbflatoba, bntlj the Ileabes of the (fcnehamers dEttgpt^fljabe, anb a fmall .fruit. This Plant is but lately, and but very little known to the Europeans. TABLE LXXX. GENUS IX. Orobanche, 05?00llt-Eapc. B*‘ toom^Sape, is a Plant with an anoma¬ lous, perfonated Flower of one Angle Leaf A, fplit into two Lips, of which the upper one A, is crefted, but the under one B, is divided into three Parts, the Pointal C, rifes out of the Bottom of the Flower, and afterwards turns to an oblong Fruit D, havin» but one Cell, gaping as it were into two Keels b, and Lull of Seeds F, which are ge¬ nerally very fmall. & Tire Species of BjOOtt^Kape are, 1. Orobanche major, Garyophyllum olens' c. b. Pin. 87. %\)t greater B? oom?Uave * fntelltno; like Clobe < 5 iUv?^lmer. Oro¬ banche flore majors J. B. 2. 780. Limodoron Jive Orobanche. Dod.Pempt. 552. This is the Orobanche five Rapum Genifi* of Gerarde and Parlinfon. It rifes half a Yard high and better with an upright, rough, pale, or yellowilh, or red- difh, hollow Stalk; on which grow, not fo much Leaves, as the Beginnings of Leaves which are narrow, longilh, or Thongs that quickly wither, thin-fer, each of which /land under Angle Flowers. The Flowers grow like thole of the Orchis , but at greater diflances like thofe of the Melijja Fuchfii , are large’ very rough, of a Colour betwixt ribfoletc* purple and pale, fhowing as if they yawn’d, out of which appear blackilh Chives , Hand¬ ing upon white Stamina or Threads. The Lip which they drop is divided into three jaggs or Lappets, and the Bottom of the Flower it felf is wet with a juice like Honey. The Root is bulbous, compared of Folds, and does not fhoot deep into the Earth. The Tafle is very bitter, but the Smell not very unpleafant. It grows frequently at the Roots of Broom, for which Reafon it is commonly called Ra- pum Genifta. 2 . Orobanche major, feetidiflima, filvx Bo- nonidhfis. 2Epe greater flunking Bronte l&ape, of tfje f Ojcft of Bononia. 3. Orobanche Lufitanica, flore atropurpu- reo. ^Bojtuguefe Bjoom^Mapr, totti) a hack purple jflotoer, 4. Orobanche flore minore. f. B. 2. 78i« Bzoom^lSape, bottfj a fmall f lobier, 5. Orobanche Subcasruleo flore five ij. Cluj. Bift. 271. B?oom*ffiape, bfitl) a bluetty Jflobier* 6. Orobanche ramofa, floribus purpura- feentibus. C b. Pin. 88. Bsancljeb B?oom^ J^ape, toitfj pttrpltlh iflobjer?. Orobanche minor, purpureis floribus, five ramofa. J. B. 2. 781. Orobanche \i]. Poljclonos . Cluf. Hift. 271. The The Conipleat Herbal. 281 The former of the two laft has a thick, long and fibrous Root, a Stalk half a hand-breadth high, begirt with a few very Ihort, thick and {harp Leaves, which is fpent in five, fix or more little naked Foot-ftalks three Inches long, the Foot-ftalks iikewife rife out of the Wings of the Leaves, oh the Top of which refts a dent¬ ed Flower-Cup an Inch high, and out of eve¬ ry one rifes a fingle Flower, of a blueifh pur¬ ple Colour, furnilhed with a long Foot-ftalk, which is large, two Inches long, in Form of a Creft, and as it were Beaked, as in the Alettorolophos, out of which rifes an oblong Filament, which bends backwards. What fucceeds to the Flower does not appear. Burfer gathered it on the Pyrenean Moun- tal The latter has a branched Stalk 5 and often fends up feveral Stalks nine Inches high, and fometimes fiiorter, much flenderer than thofe of the Orobanche vulgaris , and ftiffer, reddifli, rough, divided again into Branches, Adorned only with fome Veftiges of Leaves. The Flowers are fpiked, fmaller, purple, oblong, gaping, riling out of a Flower.Cup divided into many Parts, at every one of which ftands a fingle (harp-pointed fmall Leaf. To thefe fucceed turgid Heads full of a fine Duft. The Root is Tuberous, about the Size of an Hazel Nut, furnilh’d with Shoots of Fibres. The Plant is fomewhat bitter to the Tafte. I obferv’d it firft at atisbon , a City of Germany , among the Stubble, after the Corn was cut down, and afterwards in Italy, and the PVeftern Parts of France. Ray. 7. Orobanche ramofa, floribus caeruleis. C. B. Pin. 88. 15?ancl)ta 25joom4&ape, tmtl; Mite 8. Orobanche ramofa, floribus fubpallidis. c. b. Pin . 88. HB^ancljen l&oom^ape, tmtlj pale® jflotoet*. 9. Orobanche Cretica, akiflima, flore par- vo, denfiflimo,ex albo 8c fubcaeruleo variegato. SDlje tailed )15jocm4£ape of Crete, tot:l> a fmall, betp tbtcMet jHoter, bariegateb ibttl) a tolute ant* green® Colour. 10. Orobanche Cretica, non ramofa, caule tenui, flore parvo, fubcasruleo. D 5200 ttl 4 ftapc of Crete, not b?ancbet», fcntb a denser: &tallt, ans a fmall blue® jplottier. This Plant is called Orobanche, quaft Orobi angina , from the Greek Words 0&C0v be- caufe it choaks the Orobus and Vetches , and the other Pulfe among which it grows. It does not much differ from the Orobanche of Theophraftusy which with its clafping Branches kills the Orobus ; and therefore Lugdunenfis takes that Pulfe which is called Aphaca , to be the Orobanche of Theopbraftus* But without all doubt it agrees with the Limodoron of T heophraftusy as fome have it, but more truly Hcemodoron. Some would have it Limonodo - rum , quaft pratorum donum 9 or elfe Limodorum t quaft famem afferens ; but Haimodoron is the trueft Reading. For Theophraftus deferibes his Hcemodorum , almoft in the fame manner that Diofcorides does his Orobanche . It is thought alfo to be Pliny s Cynomorion, a canini genitalis fimilitudinc. Diofcorides fays, that in his Time it was ufed to be eaten, either raw or boiled with Pulfe,’ in order to help the Digeftion. Galen fays, it is cold and dry in the firft Degree. Our Peo- pie do often ufe the Plant which is called Oro¬ banche dentata minor , in Medicines for the Lungs, having received it as a certain Tradi¬ tion from their Anceftors, and therefore call it Lung-wort. The Herb dried and bearen to Powder, is a prefent Remedy for the Pains of the Cho• lick • The Plant candied, or the Syrup, is 2 Sovereign Remedy againft Splenetick an dHypi- chondriack. Paflions. It is applied externally to fofeen hard fchirrhous Tumours. D* Bowie • 282 The Complete Herbal. SEC T. V. TABLE LXXX, and LXXXI. GENUS I. Acanthus. 2i5janftstMne, or 21 Bm&bwtfy B Jftattk^tlllrfitte, is a Plant with an ano¬ malous Flower of one Angle Leaf A, whofe Forepart A, is divided into three Parts, but the hinder Part B, ends in a Ring, the Stamina or Threads, fupplying the Place of the upper Lip C, and fupporting the Chives D, which refemble a Broom or Befom. Out of the Flower-Cup K, rifes the Pointal E, fixed like a Nail into the hinder Part of the Flower B, which afterwards turns to a Fruit in Shape of a Walnut F G, wrapt up in the Flower-Cup divided into two Cells H I, by an intermediate Midriffe or Partition L, and full of Seeds M, which are generally gib¬ bous. The Species of are; 1. Acanthus fativns vel mollis Virgilii* C. B> Pin. 3S3. 2D \)t tiUarnen gentle, or ttta^ nitres Ifeank^Urfme of Virgil, carduus a- eanthus five Branca-Vrfina* J. B. 3. 75. Acan¬ thus fativus. Dod. Pempt. 719. This gentle Thiftle (as it is accounted) Shoots forth many very large, thick, fmootb, dark green Leaves upon the Ground, with a thick Middle-Rib, and parted into feveral ,deep Galhes on the Edges j from among which, after it hath flood long in a conveni¬ ent Place, rifes a pretty big Stalk, three or fo*r Foot high, without either Joint, Branch, or Leaf upon it, but only from the Middle upwards, let with a Spike, as it were of white hooded or gaping Flowers ftanding in brown- 5 fh Husks, fomewbat lharp at the Points, and a, fmall long undivided Leaf under each Flow¬ er. After which, come in the hotter Coun¬ tries (but not in ours as I can learn) broad, fiat, round, thick, brownilh Seeds. The Roots are many, great, thick, and long Strings, fpreading far and deep into the Ground, of a darkifh Colour on the outfide, and whitifli within, very clammy ; fo full of Life, that a fmall Piece left in the Ground, will fpring up again, but will require Shelter or Defence from the Extremity of the Winter Weather. It grows copioufiy in the Southern Parts of I/4//, about BaU and Naples, and in the Ifland of Sicily* J, Bauhinus , who has feen it, fays, that the Seed is plain, broad, round, thick and of a nafty yellow Colour. 2. Acanthus aculeatus. C. B. Bin* 282. JBjICklp Carduus Acanthus , five Branca urfina fpinofa* J. B.3. 75. Acan¬ thus Sylveftris. Dod. Pempt. 719. This wild Bran\-Vrfme has a Stalk pointed at Tdp, begirt with Flowers ; and refembles the Garden Brank-Vrfine , both in the Colour and Appearance of the Flowers, and in the Seed, cho’ it is fliorter and lower. The Leaves are likewife large, and cut into many Jaggs, but not at all fmoothbut guarded round the Edges with thick-fec, (harp and hard Pric¬ kles. 3. Acanthus rarioribus & breviori'bus acu- leis munitus. ffijanfolftGtt*, gtiarnn laritij fetel* ann filter Acanthus Sylve- ftris y mitioribus fpinis . Almag. Bot. 4. Acanthus Orientals, humiljimus, foliis pinnatis, aculeatis. HRerP loft Oltental J^ank^rfniP, tuitlj antigen ann pncMp 3 leaPes. The Acanthus may be known by the Form of its Leaves, even when it is not in Flower : And this is fo beautiful, that it ufes to be en¬ graven and cut upon the Capitals of Pillars. See Vitruv . Lib* 4. Cap. j. There is a noble Fable, That a beautiful Youth* named Acanthus, was turned into a Flower . \scxx\. ‘NSV^'^V* . '• ■ : *A- ... ..• v-.^lsSs-a 8 SP M- rk m & f ,i V ■ ulfcj i \ IK. i VI-3- t.r .f v « J A#*" •Jt-v v : - v. _i tMP.'i-Sf.” The Compleat Herbal. 283 pjower of bis own Name; whom the Greeks, cut out into Figures, whereas the Branca-* as Kjberus fuppofes, call Paderota, from the Vrfina, is not fit for any fuch Purpofes; for it Love of Boys. Nor is it without Reafon, cannot be cut into what Shapes one pleafes; that the Greeks call this Pl ant Melamphyllon, nor can it be formed into the Figures of Ani- from the deep green Colour of its Leaves. mals, or other fuch like Forms. On the other Ic is likewife. called Branca-Vrfina , from Hand, the Defcription of Acanthus given by the Refemblance which the Leaves bear to Dio/corides , perfectly agrees to the Branca - the Fore-parts of a Bear: For Brancha or Vrfina . You may for further Satisfaction, 1 Branca in Italian , feems to be a Corruption confult $0. Bod. d Stapel . Comment* in Theo- of the Latin Word Brachium the Arm; and phraft. Hift. Lib.4. Cap. 3. p. 308. as the Italians call it Branca-Vrfina , fo we af- This is one of the five emollient Plants, ter them call ic Branch, or BrankpVrfine . But which are Malva , Althcea , Violaria , Mercuria- then how we come to call it Bears-Breecb, I Hs, Branca-Vrfina . It is moftly ufed exter- confefs, I cannot account for* nally in Glyfters and other Paregoricks, or The Ancient Architects were wont to cut Mollifying Medicines in all Forms whatfc- the Figure of thefe Leaves, by reafon of their ever, but moft ufually in Cataplaftns. Diofco - Elegancy and Beauty, upon the Capitals of rides fays, that the Roots applied in a Cata - Pillars ereCled by them. The Antient Archi- pfafm , are very good in Burning and Difloca- teCts, fays Vitruvius , Growned the Corinthi - tions. If drunk, they provoke Urine, and an Pillars with Leaves aod Branches of the (top a Loofenefs: Bruifed and warmed, they Acanthus . They likewife wove the Figure of are of good Ufe for fuch as have a warm the Leaves of this Plant into their precious Gout, if the Parts affeCted be anointed with Garments, or embroider’d them with a Nee- them. They help fuch as are Confumptive,’ die ; which gave occafion for Virgil to fay. Spit Blood, have fain from a high Place, oc fuch as are hurt by any Blow or Strain above Et circumtextum croceo velamen Acantho* their Strength, or laftly, fuch as are Burften or Convplfed> no lefs than the Roots of the But whether the Branca-Vrfina vulgaris , be greater Comfrey , to which they have a near the true Acanthus of the Antients, may be juft- Refemblance both in Subftance, Quality, and ly doubted, becaufe Pliny makes the Acanthus clammy Sap, to be herba topiaria t i. e. a Plant proper to be o o 2 The / 284 The Cowrie at Herbal. The Fourth CLASS. Of Herbs and Under-fbrubs, With a Labiated or Lipped Flower of one fingle Leaf. Lipped Flower is a Flower with one from the perfonated Flower, whofe Pointal fingle Leaf, which below becomes turns to a Husk or Cover very different from narrow like a Pipe, but above ex- the Flower-Cup. Befides, the Labiated Flow- tends it felf into a fingle or double Lip. It er differs from the Wheeled or Funnel-like is peculiar to this Flower. 1. That it have Flower, to which fucceed four Seeds (fucb as a Flower-Cup of one Leaf. 2. That its are thofe of Echium , Buglofs , Symphyu) in that Pointal, to which adhere four Embrio‘s, turn the Lips of the labiated Flower have a Gape to a Fruit confifting of four Seeds, ripening or Yawn, /. e. a Form or Appearance refem- in the Flower-Cup it felf, as in a proper Husk bling a Vizard or Mask, or the Snout of Ani- or Shell$ by which Mark it is diftinguifhed mals. sect. 1 . Of Plants with a Labiated or Lipped Flower of one fingle Leaf, Crejled or Hooked. afterwards turn to fo many oblong Seeds F, Ihut up in a Husk G, or a pentagonal Tube, which was before the Flower-Cup. The Species of this Plant are, 1. Phlomis fruticofa, Sal vise folio latiore & rotundiore. a h?0ahcr ana rounaer llcaf tfjan tljat of &age. Ver- bafcum lads Salvice folds* C. B. Pin. 240. Ver- bafcum iv. five Jylveftre Matthiolu 1146. It grows up with many fquare, hoary and ligneous Stalks; upon which grow, at certain diftances, wrinkled, hoary and broad Leaves With roundifh Points, very like the Leaves of the greater Sage y but larger* The Flowers are wherled, growing in Heaps, specially on whoje upper Lip is TABLE LXX3&I. GENUS I. Phlomis, Mullein. pi^Iontfe, which is a Sort of Mullein, is a Plant with a labiated Flower of one fin¬ gle Leaf, whofe upper Lip A, which is crefted, does wholly reft upon the under Lip H, which is divided into three Parts, ana fticks a little out. Out of the Flower*Cup C, rifes the Pointal D, fixed like a Nail into the binder Part of the Flower B, accompa¬ nied as it were with four Embryo’s, which Sclarea. Cfasy. The Compleat Herbal. the Tops of the Stalks^ pretty much like the Flowers of Sage in Shape, but of a different Colour, vi$. Yellow, the Seeds are larger than thofe of Sage 3 The Root, which is ligneous, (hoots down into the Earth with many Fibres. It has a pretty ftrong Smell3 Parkjnfon fays, it has a heavy Smell affe&ing the Head 3 tho’ I cannot perceive it to be unpleafant. Pfy. 2* Phlomis fruticofa, Salvise folio longiore & anguftiore. <&!ftUbj#ttHeUt, tottl) a lon^ get ano narrower Ileaf tfjan tljat of ^age. Verbafcum 4* Matthioli . Lob. Icon. 5 6o» .3. Phlomis fruticofa, flore purpureo, foliis rotundioribus. tottf) a ptUT^ pie ^flotoer, ano tottnoilb Ileabeg. Salvia fruticofa , Cifli folio , baud incano y floribus pur- pureis. Pluck. Phytog. Tab. 57. Fig. 6. Ver¬ bafcum fubrotundo Salvia folio . C* B. Pin. 240. This Species has rounder,thicker fet and whi¬ ter Leaves than Sage , but not quite fo hoary with Down : Otherwife it is very like Sage in its ligneous and fibrous Root, in the Stalk and Shew of the Plant 3 it loves the fame Birth Place of Syria y as the Verbafcum Lychnites Sy- riacum. Lobel , who deferibes it, did not fee the Flowers, becaufe he fays, they were al¬ ready withered. But Parkjnfon , by what In¬ formation I know not, attributes to it, and paints it with yellow Flowers compofed of five roundifh Leaves. 4. Phlomis fruticofa, Lufitanica, flore pur- purafeente, foliis acucioribus. ^b#tb^0#tte guefe Mullein, torn!) a putpltfl) jTIotoer, ano flparp^otnteo IleabCS, Verbafcum Salvia: folio, flore rubro , Lufitanicum. V. Lufir. Ver¬ bafcum latis Salvia foliis altcrum i flore rubeHo, H. R. Par. 5. Phlomis Narbonenfis, Hormini folioi flore purpurafeeme. $Htllein of Jl^arbonne, toit \) a Clarp ILeaf, ano a purplt© jflotoer. Marrubium nigrum , longifolium. C. B. Pin. 230. Herba venti Monfpelienfibus, ]* B. 3. App. 854. Herba venti . Loo. Icon. 532. 6. Phlomis Hifpamca, fruticofa, candidifli- ma, flore ferrugineo. %\t UoIjttCtt &pantfb tottb an Biton^colotufo JflOtoet. Stachys fruticans , latifolia , tomen- tofa , flore ferrugineo . Barr. Icon. 7. Phlomis Hifpanica, candidiflima, herba- cea. SCIjetnljttettljerbp^pamlb^ulIein. 8. Phlomis Lychnitis. Cluf Hift . 27. Ver¬ bafcum anguftis Salvia foliis . C. B. Pin. 240. Verbafcum Sylveflre] Monfpelienfe , flore luteo , hiante. J. B. 3. 307. This is the Salvia fruti¬ cofa lutea anguftifolia , five Pblomos Lychnitis Diofcoridis Clufio of Parkjnfon, and the Verbaf- culum Salvifolium of Alpinus in his Plant. Exot. It produces pretty thick Leaves lying upon the Surface of the Ground, very much like the Leaves of the Salvia tenuifolia , but lon¬ ger and narrower, hoary, cover’d quite over on the under Side, with a thick and almoft white Down . Among thefe grow up Stalks generally nine Inches high, fometimes a little higher, quadrangular, hairy and whidfli, out of whofe Joints grow longifli Leaves like the former. The Tops of the Flower-Cups are fliorter, and the Bottoms grow pretty broad* The Flowers are like thofe of Lamium , of a yellow Colour, and come forth from a thick Down y and as it were certain pale Hairs, round the Tops of the Stalks, in the Form of Wherles; the Tops of the Stalks generally bending and nodding. The Root is blackilh and ligneous. It grows on the craggy Hills about Montpe¬ lier . Clufius fays, it grows upon Hills, and in dry and Stony Places, all over Spain and Portugal. It Flowers in May and %une\ and bears a reddifli Seed enclofed in the Flower-Cup. 9. Phlomis Sarnia, herbacea, Lunarke folio. IHerbp §>amtan Sj&uHem, tottlj a #oon* too# Ileaf. 10. Phlomis orientalis, foliis laciniatis. tiental Julian, totcli jaggeo ILeabeg, 11. Phlomis orientalis, Hormini folio, flore minore, calyce glabro. 3 D#ental ^Ulletn, totti) a Clarp Heaf, a frnall iflotoer, ano a frnootb Jflotoer^Cttp. 12. Phlomis orientalis, angufto, & longiore folio, flore luteo. £D#ental $HtHem, tottb a narroto longtib Iteaf, ano a pelloto ifloto^ er. This Plant is called Phlomis y from yrityv tiro, and and ufe it in the fame man¬ ner as a Taper or Torch. p The 28 6 The Compleat Herbal . The Pbyflcal Virtues are'fet forth under the Head of Verbafcum, which it would be fuperfluous to repeat again here. TABLE LXXXIir. GENUS II. Horminum, Clat£. XJSD^mtnunt or ClatP, is a Plant with a Iabiated Flower of one fingle Leaf, whofe upper Lip A, is little and crefted* but the under one C,divided into three Parts, with the Middle hollow like a Spoon. Out of the Flower-Cup D, rifes the Pointal E, fixed like * Nail in the hinder Part of the Flower B, and attended with four Embryo’s, which af¬ terwards turn to fo many roundifh Seeds F, enclofed or Ihut up in the Husk G, which be¬ fore was the Flower-Cup. The Species of this Plant are, I. Horminum coma purpureo-violacea. J.B• 3.309. Clarp, ttftfy a ptttple^tolee HBtiflj. Horminum fativum . C. B. Pin. 238* Horminum. Dod. Pempr. 294. This is the Horminum fa¬ tivum genuinum Diofioridis of Parkinfom It bears a great Refemblance to Sage ; The Stalks are reddifli, hollow with many Wings, fquare, rough with much Down, a Foot high and betcer. The Leaves are placed at the Joints, and are not fo (hrivelled and unlightly as thofe of Sage, but very rough, of a tolera¬ ble good Smell, and a bitterilh Tafte. At the Tops of the Stalks (lands a great Collection of Leaves in Rows under one another, the lowermoft paler than the uppermoft, and feem afar off to be Flowers, but nearer difcerned, are feen to be only the Tops of the Leaves; the Flowers coming out under them at certain Spaces about the Stalks, of a whitilh purple Colour, fmaller than any cf the other Sorts of Clary , (landing in brownifh purple Husks, which after the Flowers are pall, while the Seed ripens, turn themfelves downwards; whereby the Seed is loft, if it is not gathered in due Time. The Root is fmall and perilhes every Year, requiring to be new planted in the Spring, for it feldom comes of the Seed that it (hed; becaufe generally the Winter and Frofts kill it. It grows plentifully about Siena , but more copioufly ftill in Apulia, illyricum, in the Kland Lefena y and all over Greece* 2 . Horminum coma rubra. B. 2. 200 Clarp, toidj a res This is much like the former, with qua¬ drangular rough Stalks. The firft Leaves (land upon long Foot-ftalks much refembling Sage Leaves, and have Wherles round the Stalks. But it differs from the former in its Flowers, which are leffer, and in the red Tops of the Stalks, and likewife in having no remarkable Smell. This Plant grew up to me at Cambridge from Seed, which I got at London ; which I deferibed many Years after, as it rofe from the Seed, with a Bufli, however not at all red, and took it for a different Species. ({ay. The Defcription is thus: The lowermoft Leaves which rife from the Root, come very near Sage Leaves, both in Shape and Size, unlefs that they are blunter ; they reft upon long Foot-ftalks, and are fnipped round the Edges, rough and wrinkled. Several Stalks rife from the fame Root, being a Foot or half a Yard high, fquare, rough, and branched to¬ wards the Bottom, being begirt with fmall triangular Leaves, adhering to the Stalks with¬ out Foot-ftalks, like thofe that grow under the Wherles of Flowers in the former Sort: For they receive and fupport certain Wherles of Flowers or Veffels. But the Wherles of Flowers grow at confiderable diftances from one another, each of them being compofed of fmall crefted Flowers, out of oblong, ftriped Fiower-Cups, divided into five Parts, which bend back downwards when the Flowers fall, and fwell into a Belly when they are ripe, but do not gape. At the Side of each trian¬ gular Leaf,there is a long narrow Lathe under the Flower, fo that there are as many trian¬ gular Leaves with their Lathes, as there are Flowers. The Seeds, both in Colour and Shape, are like the Seeds of common Garden Clary , but much fmaller. The Defcription of Horminum minus fupi- num Creticum . Cluf. agrees almoft in every Thing with ours; fo that I fufpeeft it is the fame Plant. They differ only in the Colour of the Flower. Z Horminum Sylveftre, latifolium, verti- cillatum. C. B* Pin . 238. GflUtlB, fyoafc katflb Clarp. Gallitrico affinis Planta. The Compleat Herb ah 287 jp l a nta. Horminum Sylveftre^ latifolium Clufio. only cut but dented ; while others again are t B. 3. 314* Horminum Sylveftre iij. Cluf. only notched round the Edges. They va- Hift.xxix. This is the Horminum Germanicum ry likewife both as to Length and Breadth, burnile of Parkw/on• tho* at the uttcrmoft they never exceed an From a Root about an Inch long, furnifhed Inch in breadth, or two Inches in length, with very long Fibres, from whence arife fe- The Foot-ftalk upon which they reft is cb- veral Heads, it fends up daggering fquare long and flar, with a Rib ftrerched all along Stalks, full of white Pith, extreamly rough, the Back of the Leaf to tbe Point, and fob- fuch as are the Leaves, like thofe of Bore- divided into fmall Nerves running tbe whole hound, roundifii, quickly ending iu a fmall length of the Leaf. The Subftance of tfcefe point,* rugged, and hooked at the Juncture of Leaves is not thick, but fmooth ; nay, if you tbe Foot-ftalk, which is an Inch, or an Inch examine them with a Microfcope , you will fee and a half long! But the Foot-ftalks of the in them fuch a Crifpnefs as is in Cole ; the lower Leaves are much iong«r. At the Place Colour a dark Green, no Smell, but if long where the Leaves rife, there are certain Auri- chewed, it gives an odd Sort of a fweet cles,which grow like Undergrowth,fometimes Tafte. Out of the Center of the Leaves rife one* and fometimes two. The Leaves on the two or more Stalks, which are, upright, lig- Top of the Stalk, which is often Red, being neous, fquare, from the tbinTet Knots of Placed at fmall diftances from one another, in which grow out two Leaves furnifhed with fhort and few Wings, which are alfo red, Foot-ftalks (excepting however the upper¬ growing in Wberles without the Interpolation moft,) fometimes broader, and withal fiior- of any Leaves, do form the Spike ; being ve- ter than thofe at the Root, and fometimes lon- ry numerous, like thofe of the dead Nettle, ger and narrower than they. Next the Root fmall, of a, blueifh purple Colour, with a lit- they are fmooth, towards the Top they are tie Hood hiding a white Chive , and a Lip di- full of fine thick Hair, efpecially where the vided into two Lappets, filewing themfelves Flowers*break forth, Which fiiow rhemfelves out of little oblong, reddifh, rough, and ftrip- large, crefted, difpofed after the manner of ed Flower-Cups, with dark purple rough Wherles into a ftraight oblong Spike, and of Foot-ftalks. Upon the falling of the Flowers, a deep Colour, out of a gaping Flower-Cup, there remain in the Flower-Cups oblong, in which they were at firft (hut up ; To which roundifii Seeds. The Plant has no remarka- fucceeds a Bay Seed, fmaller than the reft of ble Tafte. this Species. 4. Horminum coma viridi. ClfitP, N. B • The Tops of the Stalks, as well as a ffittftb Horminum fttivum alterum, the Flowers and their Flower-Cups, breathe a foliis totis viridibus. H. R.Par. fragrant Smell like Penny-royal* 5. Horminum napi folio. Morif H. Blef This Plant flowers the whole Year, as well Clatp. Winter as Summer, in the dry and Tandy 6. Hominum minus, folio linuatq, fiore mi- Grounds about Upme. nore, dilute cseruleo. Morif. Hort . ftgg. Blef 7. Horminum pratenfe, flore minimo. Schol. %\)t letter Clarp totrij a fntppen Heaf, Bot. 68. Clarp, tmtlj a toetp fntail ana a fnrall plotter of a Itgljt blue Co* iflotaer. lOltr* Horminum Verbenalaciniis 3 angufiif oliunt. 8. Horminum Sylveftre, Lavenduls? floret Triumph. 66. C. B. Pin . 239. Gaflitricis affine Maru , ft non The Root is ligneous, white, fcarce the gems aliquod , Sdarea Hifpanica Tabernxmon- Length of one’s Finger, rarely divided into tani. J.B. 3-313. Sdarea Hifpanica . Tabern. more Parts, but always furnifiied with a great Icon. 374. This is the Hormini Sy hefty is quar- many Fibres, and covered with a dark wrin- ti quinta Species of Chfius . CoUltttOU Cfig* kled Bark or Skin, fending up a vaft Number lift} toilO Clarp. of Leaves of various Forms lying upon the It is not unlike the Gallitricum, with a fmall Ground. For fome of them being more deep- red Flower ; for it has Stalks as high, fquare, ly cut, very much referable tbe Leaves of begirt with Knots, and befet with certain the common Vervain, unlcfs that they are Hair : And the Leaves at each Knot are alike* more roundifii at the Point 5 others are not but fomewhar harder, fmoother, narrower, fomewbac a 88 The Cotnpleat Herbal. fomewhat angular,with a b!unierPoint,and fur- nifted with thinner Teeth, efpecially thofe that grow near the Root. From the little Shoots or Twigs growing upon the Top of the Stalk, and the topmoft Branches in the Form of Wherles, and ending as ir were in a Spike, fpring forth Flowers, much fmaller than the other Species, very much refembling the Flow¬ ers of Lavender, and not much differing from them in Colour. When they decay, they are fucceeded by a black Seed. It has a Root like the reft, and the whole Plant fmells entirely like the others. This is that Species of Clary, which grows wild in almeft all the Counties of England: altho* our Botanies write. That the Hormi- nnm Sylvefire vulgare feu pratenfe foliis ferra- tis C. B. grows every where in this Country ; becaufe by Miftake, they took this Species for the Horminum pratenfe foliis ferratis. C» B. Clufius fays, he found it near London at Green¬ wich, near the High-way, where it is certain there is no other Species, but the Horminum Sylvefire vulgare of Gerarde and Parkjnfon, 9. Horminum fpicatum, Lavendulae flore 8c odore. Bocc . Barior . Plane . 48. Cfe rf>, tottlj dje jfioim ana irf 3la* Hatter. 10. Horminum orientale, annuum, fativo Emile, coma carens, flore violaceo. SD^tTlttai annual Claw, Itke dje Clarp, inanttitg a ^iBuflj, fcndj a nioXet^coIottr n iflotoei*. 11. Horminum orientale, Betonicae folio anguftiore 8c inodoro. £Djtetttai Clatp, tUtdj a fetmtp lleaf, but narrower anif out g>meU. 12. Horminum orientale, latifolium, gluti- nofum, flore partim albo, partim purpura- feente. llgaoaiMfcatFB, glutinous oriental Clarv, Mcb a plotter partlp tointe, anh pactlp purplt®. 13. Horminum orientale, latifolium, gluti- nofum, flore albo. H^oatJdcab’ti, gJtttUl0U0 Clarp, tmtlj a tnljitc plotter. 14. Horminum orientale, Betonicse folio acutiflimo, flore cteruleo. £DHCUtai Clatp, inid) a berp flEjarpvpotntcu fetenp 3Uaf, mb a blue jflotoec. 15. Horminum orientale, Lamii folio. Rental Clair, taidj a beau fettle lljeaf. 16. Horminum orientale, Betonicae folio acwiffimo, flore albo. CWUt&l Cifttp, ttUtlj a my ftarp^otmeu 11 oemy &eaf: mb a tulfttc J?IoUurr. 17. Horminum orientale, foliis rugofls 8c vetrucofis, anguftis, flore albo. Rental Clarp, ftutlj narrow Leases full of tout* Ido# ano Marts, ano a toljtte jflotoer. 18. Horminum orientale, foliis Sciarea;, flo¬ re albo, parvo. iftgtflttft! ClarP, tnitl) t\)Z Xleabejs; of Sciarea, ano a fmad tohtcc Jflotoer. This Genus of Plants is called in Greek of pirn, becaufe r cmwi&v '7ra,popix£, ic ftimulates or provokes to Venery’ as Diofco- rides faith. And Ga%a, that tran dated Theo - phrafius into Latin , tranilates this Word by Geminalis , as if by its Fruitfulnefs it caufed Twins to be Born. We call it in Englifh Clary , from Scarlea , or Sciarea , which Anguil - lara fays, is fo called by the /Ethiopians, and is always taken for our ordinary Garden Cla¬ ry, qua(i clear-Eye. The firit Species is moft ufed in Phyfick,’ becaufe ic is fuppofed to be the genuine Hor¬ minum of Diofcorides, as alfo becaufe it difeo- vers its Virtue by its Smell, more than any of the reft. The Seed of this, as well as of our Garden Clary , is wont to be put into the Eyes, to clear them from any Motes, as alfo to cleanfe them from white and red Spots. The Mucilage of the Seed of either Sort made with Water, or applied to Tumours or Swel¬ lings, difperfes and takes them "away ; and likewife draws forth Splinters, Thorns, or any fuch like Thing got into the Flefli. The Leaves ufed with Vinegar, either by it felf, or with a little Honey, eafes Inflammations, as alfo Boils, Felons, and the hot Inflammations caufed by them, if it be applied before they are grown coo big. The Powder of the Leaves dried put into the Nofe provokes Sneezing, and thereby Purges the Head and Brain of much Rheum and Corruption. Either the Seed or Leaves taken in Wine, provokes to Venery. It is much in Ufe both with Men and Women that have weak Backs, to help to ftrengthen the Reins, either ufed by it felf, or with other Herbs that conduce to the fame Effedfc ; and in Tanlies often, or the frelh Leaves fried with Butter, being, firft dipped in a Batter of Flower, with Eggs and a lit¬ tle Milk, or any other way prepared, that is moft agreeable to the Palate, vi%. by fqueez- ing out the Juice and mixing it with Flower, 1 Milk The Compleat Herbal. Milk and Eggs, and fo making a Tanzy; which notably conduces to the faid Ufes. Lor bel , Pena and Dodomcus inform us, that fome Brewers of Ale and Beer, ufed to put it into their Drink, in order to* make it the more in¬ toxicating and heady; and that it made fuch as drank of it, according to their feveral Con- ftitutions, either dead drunk, or filly drunk or mad drunk. It brings down Women’s de- fired Sicknefs, and expells the Secundines or After-birth* It is ufed in Italy to be given to Women that are barren, thro* a cold ^ m moift Difpofuion, to heat and dry up that five Horminum oTr T j‘ S is i he Gall ‘ tr ‘cbur. Cold and Moifture, and caufe Fruitfulness (tho* ten Clan; f Ger * r de. Common < 25 ar one would not be apt to think the Women Tt rif". -,:.l . c_ „ . .. .. wanted Heaters in thofe warm Countries, when they have but little occafion for them in thefe cold ones.; It puts a ftop to the Flux of 2 8p Cup D, rifes the Pointal E, fired like a Nail into the hinder Part of the Flower B, and at¬ tended with four Embryo’s, which afterward. s " ds £ H ' HL - «*“’» The Species of this Plant are.’ '*7 J. B. ?• 309. Orvtile, Tou'e-bonne. This is the GallUriZl Whites in Women Schroder fays it warms, dries, cleanfes and attenuates. And Hoffman fays, he ufed to order the Infufion of the Tops of this Plant in Wine to walh the Mouth withal, in order to prevent or remove the Putrefaction of the Gums; and fays moreover, that a Conferve may be prepared of the fame with Sugar, to be taken inwardly for the fame Diftemper. And laftly he fays, That the Water diftilled from the Leaves with Wine, is of excellent Ufe for curing the Whites in Women. Tbo’ all other Botanifts have comprehended Horminum and Sclarea under the fame Genus and have accounted all the different Species of them, to be only the Species of one and the fame Plant; yet fince our Author has thought fit to diftinguifh them into two differ¬ ent Genus’s, we think our Selves obliged, ac¬ cording to our original Defign, to copy him faithfully, and to tye our Selves down exact¬ ly to follow bis Method. TABLE LXXXII. GENUS nr. Sclarea, Ctarp* gCIarea or Clarp, is a Plant with a labi- the^talk ated Flower of one fingle Leaf, whofe upper Ltp A, is hooked, but the under one C, Fibres at if of f 5 ° , man y hairy divided into three Parts, with the Middle of a d.rt.rt, rv.. , 1 hollow like a Spoon. Out of the Flower- It rifes with a Stalk half a Yard (dot, a rough hoary, very wnnkly and rugved'T/ and plump, infenfibly ending j„ , Sfp Jt from a broad Bottom, fomftXt d ”ld nt fmpped round the Edees ftinri' or Foot-ftalks, efpecialfy 8 the Se® oTs" t"! fuch as grow out of the Earth, placed’ * d fire to one another by Couples ni, .he P n°' The Flowers are ranged up 0 ? n r J r Wlks - tbe Stalks and Branches into long JjVJ? Spikes, compofed of many Whiles l- f cowled, gaping, with a very long’arche! Cowl, which hides a flender Pninr*F . a little one, divided kto two « l’ e ^” g being''of fTg^bTufCo b lo r M °r S C A ftripfd Zh° Touch.gaping divided into five final! Prickles three of which look up over the Flower md’ ^o of them are placed under it A^’ 1 , 1 - grow from the Root and upon th<> d * ac <™»y "» of a purplifh Colour. The Fibres at ir,'ora D darkith W Coln any ( ! ma11 hair ? P P extremely 2po The Contpleat Herbal. extremely fmooth and flippery, corner’d on one Side, and gibbous on the other, of a red- dirti Colour. The Smell of the whole Plant is penetrating and beady, and the Tafte bit¬ ter. 2. Sclarea vulgaris, lanuginofa, ampliflimo folic Common oottmp Clarp, Intel) a herp fatgO IlCrtf. Mtbiopis foliis finuofis . C. B. Pin. 241. /Ethiopis multis. J. B. 3. 315 i Aithio- pis. Dod. Pempr. 148* This is the Sclarea jEtbiopica , five /Ethiopis laciniatis & non laci¬ ni at is foliis of Parkjnfon. Firft it fpreads upon the Ground Leaves as broad as One’s Hand, and not much longer, with a fine Down quite covering boi^i the up¬ per and under Side, otherwife not much un¬ like the Leaves of the Sclarea fativa> notched, fome of them alfo jagged, (otherwife they are entire and even at the Edges.) Among thefe it fends up a Stalk furnirtied with like Leaves, but often fmaller, fquare, and in like manner hairy or downy, hollow with many Wings: Upon which grow Flowers at the Joints in Form of Wherles, defended after the manner of the Flower of the Horminum^ betwixt two (harp-pointed Leaves, of a Snowy white, with one Leaf rifing up like a Cowl, flar, producing from its Bofom yellow Chives 3 and a Silver Pointal, with a hollow Lip like the Cotula , out of an oblong Flower-Cup, divid¬ ed into five Parts, which is encompafied on all Sides with fo thick a Down, that it can fcarce be feen. It has the ftinking Smell of the La - mium or Galeopfis. The Root is fibrous; The Seeds ("four, not two only, as Cafpar Bauhi- nus , and after him Parkjnfon have related) are reddilh, triangular, and much like the Seeds of Horminim. It grows in great Plenty in Greece and illy- ria> from whence it was firft brought to thefe Parts. There are two Species or Varieties of this Plant, one with entire Leaves, and even at the Edges, the other with jagged or notched Leaves. 3. Sclarea laciniatis foliis. ClatP, JSggCO IlCaOCO. /Ethiopis laciniatis foliis . Barr. Icon. 4. Sclarea Lufitanica, glutinofa, ampliflimo folio. $3o?tugttcfe glutinous Clarp, toitl) a Derp large Ueaf. 5 . Sclarea Afphodeli radice. CIatP, iDttl) an #fp!)0inl Moot* Horminum /anguine um t Afphodeli radice• Triumph. 69. Hormirtum Syl- ve(lrc> maculatum , tuberofum } Franc, de Horn - phriis. It has many Leaves at the Root before the Stalk rifes, lying upon the Ground, broad, fomewhat crifp, fntpped about the Edges, wrinkled, and yet fmooth and not hairy, adorned with bloody Spots. It produces a Stalk a Yard and a half high, and fometimes two Yards high, fquare, channelled, fome¬ what rough, and every where cloathed with Leaves, growing at fome diftances over- againft one another: On the Top of which, the Flowers are ranged in Form of a Spike’ of'a moft elegant and beautiful Colour, being a deep Green, four or five growing at each Joint, from which other little Twigs taking their rife, form a Bufii perfe&ly refembling that of the Horminum Sylveflre quarts fpeciei , Dod. only it has larger Flowers. The Seed is black and round. I have feen it flower in the End of A jay. It produces Seed at the fame time with the o- thers. It was thought proper to call this a Tuberofe Plant, becaufe, for a Root it has Bulbs like thofe of Peony, [{ay. 6. Sclarea Indica flore variegato. Jtt&tait Clarp, tottf) a bariegateo jflotm. Hormi¬ num Indicum , maximum , flore variegato. H. R. Par. Horminum majtts , amplo flore violaceo , /c- bis florum punttis aureis not at is. Mor. H, R. Blef. It has rougher Leaves than the reft of its Kind, excepting only the JEthiopic 4 , corner’d at Bottom ; among which rife Stalks two Foor, fometimes three Foot high, fquare, which are encompafied at the Joints by two auriculated Leaves nine Inches long. Upon the Tops of the Stalks come forth large violet-colour’d Flowers in Form of Wherles, with lateral Lobes marked with Golden or Purple Spots. To which iucceed in large Husks thick black Seeds, larger than thole of any of the other Hormina. 7. Sclarea Pyrenaica, glutinofa, foliis finuo¬ fis. Jdvmtcan glutinous Clarp., tel) trent* CO Ilca 0 e£. Horminum Anguria folio. Par. Bat. Horminum Pyrenaicum glutinofum , Angu* rite folio. D. Fagon. Schol* Bot« This is diftinguilhed from the other Species of Hormina , by its Leaves efpecially, which are very large, fat, nervous, wrinkly, differ¬ ently and unequally finuated, foipped and jagged the Cotfipleat Herbal. 291 Our Botanifts by Miftake, took this Plant' for the Hormimim fylveflre y which grows commonly in England; whereas they are per¬ fectly different Plants. I have never yet found this Hormimim fylveftre Herbariorum t growing wild in England: But the Horminum that grows plentifully with us wild, is a Spe¬ cies of the Hormimim fylveftre quartum of Cluftus , i. e* Hormimim fylveftre LavenduU flog re. C. B. Bay. Cafalpinus had not taken care to examine the Smell of this Plant, fince he fays it has none: whereas it has a very unpleafam Smell. It would feem that it has an Oily volatile Salt, in which prevails an urinous Spirit; and it does not redden blue Paper. 12. Sclarea pratenfis, foliis ferratis, flore albo. $peabcb3 darp 3 *mt!) sentea Heabes, ana a tuljlte jfloter* Horminum pratenfc % 8. Sclarea Tingitana, foetidiffima, hirfuta, flore alboffoliis ferratis . H. R. Par. Gallitricum flore albo. tOTCCV (linking tOtlgi) Clatp Of fylveftre , flore majore albo» J. B. 3. 312. This jagged round the Edges, and bearing feme Refemblance to the Leaves of Citrullum and Anguria . The firft which lye upon the Ground are half a Yard long and a hand-breadth broad, but the reft which grow upon the Stalks leffen by degrees. It rifes with a Stalk a Yard long and better, fquare, rough, and fplit into oppoflte conjoined Branches, whofe Tops are formed into a long Spike, after the manner of Wherles. The Flowers are like thofe of the Horminum pratenfe y to which the Seeds likewife atifwer. The Husks agree with the Husks of the Horminum Afphodeli ra - dice of Triumfettr, viz. divided in two, and each Part furnilhed with two Chives. It has a Root full of Life and full of Shoots, run¬ ning out into length, and furnilhed with ma¬ ny thicker Fibres. The whole Plant is clam¬ my and glutinous, like the Coins Jovis . Cangierg, lot* a **tte plotter. 9. Sclarea Africana praecox, annua. Cfltlp, annual African Clam. 10. Sclarea maxima, Baetica, annua, flore dilutb cseruleo. )t great liBcettck, annual Clam, tm* a ltg!)t blue J^lotoer. Hormi¬ num Baeticum, maximum , flore dilutb caruleo . H. R. Par. 11. Sclarea prarenlis, foliis ferratis, flore albo. speanotn Clarp, tut* nenteu Leaner, antf a b^ttC ^loftier. Horminum praterfc , foliis ferratis . C. B.Pin. 238. Gallitricumfyhe- is the Horminum pratenfe incanum flore albo of Parkinfon. This differs from the former only in the white Colour of the Flower, and in its hoary Leaves 5 and is not a diftin& Species from it. The entire Seed of this Plant, as well as that of the Sclarea , put into the Eyes, purges and cieanfes them, and allays and cures any Inflammation or Rednefs in them, as our Ge¬ rard e and others relate; nor is the common People ignorant of this, who make ufe of it with Succefs to this End. But I do not think fire vulgo , Jive fylveflris Sclarea, flore caruleo it operates any oiherwife than the Lapis Che - rnagno. J. B. 3. 311. Or vale fylveflris , fpecies quarta . Dod* Pempr. 25)3. Sometimes you may fee this Plant a Yard high, with a fquare, rough, empty Stalk, di¬ vided again into other*. The Leaves ard larger than thofe of the true Horminum fati - vum , unftghtly, and as it were blafted, lome of them fomewhat notched and dented, efpe- cially the flrft ones, which are Ihorter, and growing upon longer Foot-ftalks. Others are liker thofe of Sage , with an unpleafant Smell, and a fomewhat aromatical Tafte. It bears large blue and purple Flowers in a long Spike, like the Flowers of Sage in Shape; The Seed is black. The Root ligneous, Sweet-fmelling and full of Life. It grows by the Way Side, upon Hills near cultivated Ground, and in the open Fields. Tragus . Every where in Meadows Euchf lidonius, or any other poliflied and hemifphe- rical Gems do. 13. Sclarea pratenfis, foliis ferratis, flore fuavt-rubente. Clan>, bmlj DCUtfU LeabC£ 3 an& a beautiful ten iflotoer. Hormi- mtm pratenfe, foliis ferratis y flore fuave rubente. H. R. Par. Gallitricum fylveftre vulgo y five fyl¬ veflris Sclarea , fljre purpureo magne. J. B. 3. 311. 14- Sclarea major, foliis in profundas lacini- as incifis. SHje greater Clam, iuitlj Hrabes cut into Deep JaggS. Horminum fylveftre majus, foliis Jprofundius incifis . C. B.Pin. 235?; Gallitricum fylveftre , coma virefeente • J. B. 3. 312. Hormini Jylvrftris quarti prima fpeciesl Cluf. Hi ft.' quoad Iconem. xxx. It grows higher than the Gallitricum fylve- ftre flore albo , with a fquare Stalk like the other Species, but its outward Part is not pur- P p 2 piifo ic)2 The Compleat Herbal. plifh bur green. Tho* the Flowers are alike in Form, yet they are of a paler Colour. The underrnoft Leaves have larger Cuts, fo that they feem to be fomewhat jigged. It grows every where wild in the Copfes, in high Meadow Ground, and by the Way Sides all over Germany , and in other Provinces. It flowers in May , and fometimes even in July. # It differs fo very little from the Horminum fylveflre vulgare , that it is rather to be ac¬ counted an accidental Variety of it, than a Species diftincft: from it. 15. Sclarea Syriaca flore albo. ClarP Of &prta, tmtlj a fortjtte jflotaer. Horminum Syriacum Sclarea diElo congener y flore albo y an Bifermas Gamerarii* H. R. Par. It refembles the Sclarea fativa in its whole Make and Strudlur*, having fquare, hairy Stalks, fomewhat rough to the Touch, divided into many Wings, placed jointly oppoflte to one another. It has the Leaves of our x conr- mon Sclarea y the firft and underrnoft ones be¬ ing fmall and oblong; after which follow large, fhrivelled and rough Leaves, with the fweet Smell of Bafil y placed in the Order of the Leaves of Sclarea y fuch as is alfo the Si¬ tuation of the Flowers in lotigifli Spikes, wherled at certain Diftances, under which there always grow in like manner two point¬ ed and hollow Leaves, making a Lip by their Conjunction. But the Flowers peep out of long ftriped, downy FlowerrCups, fmel- Jing fweet like the Flowers of Sclarea y but of a milky Colour, and a fmaliLip fpotted with a few little Pricks inwardly, with crooked Stamina flicking out under a Creft, one of them of a Scarlet Colour, and the reft of a Silver Colour. The Seed is like that of the GaUitrichum fativum y but fomewhat bigger, being gibbous on one Side, and triangular on the other; of a various Colour, made of ob¬ long black and red Spots. 1 6. Sclarea Syriaca, flore ca;ruleo. S^tan Clarp, tuttlj a blue plotter. 17. Sclarea, folio Salviae, major vel macu- lata. %\)t greater 0: fpcftcb Clarp, tout!) a ^age 3 ieaL Horminum fylveftre falvifo - lium , majus vel maculatum . C. B. Pin. 23 9. Hormini f)lveftris tyi altera fpecies . Cluf. Hift. xxxi. It generally rifes a Yard high, and tome- times even exceeds ir. Its Stalks are three times thicker than thofe of the Horminum fal- vifolium minus , but ftill they are fquare. The Leaves are much larger and thicker, ttain’d almoft over with white Spots. The Spike of the Flowers is longer and thicker. But the majus and the minus agree in Form and Co¬ lour, as well as in the Seed. This Species is rarer than the lefler Sort; nor is it to be found unlefs in Meadows and grafly Places, and begins to flower fomewhat later than the other. 18. Sclarea folio Salvia?, minor, five glabra* Wqt letter 0 1 fmootb Clarp, truth a £>age iUaf. Horminum fylveflre , falvifolium minus . C. B. Pin. 239. Gallitricum glabrum folio Sal¬ via J, flore purpureo. J. B. 2. 312. Hormini Syl- veftris 5*1 fpecies frier . Cluf. Hift. xxxi. It is very like the Sylveftre Gallitricum vuU gare. The Leaves grow oppofite to one ano¬ ther at the Knots of the Stalks, much fmaller and narrower than thofe of the faid Gallitri- cum y flirivelled, fomewhat refemblmg Sage Leaves, unlefs that they are dented and fnip- ped round the Edges, without Hairs, tho’ on the lower Parc they are fomewhat whiter, of a drying and bitter Tafte, blit of a pleafanter Smell, than thofe of the Horminum fylveflre LavenduJce flore. The thick and frequent Wherles of the Flowers form a Spike ; they are of a violet purple Colour, lefs than thole of the Gallitricum deferib’d ; with two pretty broad, Ihort, and lomewbat blue Leaves un¬ der each of them. The Seed in the Flower- Cups is black, and fmaller than in the other Species. The Root is fometimes as big as one’s little Finger, cover’d .with a black Bark, be¬ ing yellow within, and produces many Stalks every Year, lying on the Ground in that Parc which is underrnoft and next to the Earth, and then (hooting down Roots from the Knots, which are next to the Original Root. It grows every where about Vienna , and all over Hungary by the High-ways, and up¬ on the Sides of Vineyards and Cultivated Ground. It flowers the whole Summer, and then bears Seed. 19. Sclarea folio Salviae, flore purpureo. Clarp, ttritb a £>age ILeaf anb a purple fFlOtUer. Horminum Salvia folio . Mor. H. R. Blef. 20. Sclarea folio triangulari, dentato. Cla^ rp, femb a triangular benten Leaf, Hormi- num The Compleat Herbal. 2? 3 num Lapatbi unSluofi folio feu majus , baft at o folio. Mor. H. R. Blef. This has rough angular Leaves, or auricu- lated at the Bottom :‘But they end in a Point; like the Point of a Spear : They Iikewile re- femble the Leaves of the Lapatbum unEluofum. It bears a large Flower, wholly of a violet Colour. The Seeds are lefs in all refpeft, than in any of the reft. I have ieen it in the Garden of Mr. Ed¬ ward Moran at tVefiminfler, and in Mr .Watts's Garden at Chelfea. Ray. 21. Sclarea folio triangulari, caule tomen- tofo. Cla tv, tottl) a triangular ILeaf ana a flOCkp Horminum haftatis ampliori - bus foliis feu Art modo alattt , caulibus & pedi- culis aranecfa lanugine villofts , ex Inful a Gomera. Piuk. Almag. Bor. te Phytog. 301. Fig. 2. 22. Sclarea Tingitana, Beconicae folio, flore caeruleo. Cattgterb Clarp, totti) a JBetbnp Leaf, anb a blue i^Iotucr. This is the leaft of all the Species I have feen, about half a Foot or nine Inches high, with a fmall upright Stalk, not branchy, but furnilhed with two fmall Twigs at the begin¬ ning of the Spike, rough, with (hort and ftiff Hairs, as are the Leaves, an Inch long, and half an Inch broad, entire, two oppofite to one another, very thin* fee $ in my Samples there were only two or three Pairs on a Stalk. The Flowers grow upon the Top of the Stalk in Wherles thin-fer, there being two or three in each Wherle, larger than the Proportion of the Plant can allow, gaping, and refembling the Flowers of Sclarea. The Plant which I now defcribe, was communicated to me by D. Sberard. Ray. 23. Sclarea Africana, frutefcens, Helianthe- mi folio, olden, jfrtttefentt African Clarp, fcntb a fmall jtarifjtfoteet Leaf. 24. Sclarea laciniata, pumila, flore magno. 3aggeb btoarf Clarp, taitfc a large Jploto^ er. Horminum valde purr.ilum y 1 acini atum, flore amplo , caeruleo Sherardi. Pluk. Almag. Bor. 25. Sclarea rugofo, verrucofo, & laciniato folio. Clarp, LDttlj a ff^tbelleb, ruggeb, anb jaggetl Leaf. Horminum Syriacum, rugofo , ver- rucoftcfue folio . Par. Bar. Pluk. Phytog* Tab. IP4- Fig. 5. 26. Sclarea orientalis, Toliis Salviae,' flore partim albo, partim flavo. ^tetttal Clarp, tutt!) §>age Leabes, anb a plotter partlp fcrtpte anb partlp pellou-. 27. Sclarea orientals, Betonicae folio acu- tiflimo, coma purpurafcente. ©Rental Cla^ rp, britl; a new ffjarp^otnteb ffietonp Leaf, anb a pttrpltfl) HEtift* 28* Sclarea orientalise foliis rotundioribus^ candidiflimis. flDjtalt'al Clarp, tbttl) rOUUb; tu; anb berp t&ljtte Lcabeg. 29. Sclarea orientalis, incana, foliis quad ahtis. £Djtental Ijoarp Clarp,Luxtfj Leabegs a$ tf tljep tnere tmngeb. 30. Sclarea orientalis, verbafci folio, flore partim albo, partim flavefcente. £DjtetUaf Clarp, tnitlj a^ttlletuLeaf, anb a'j?lotu* er partlp bf&tte, anb partlp pellobJtfl). 31. Sclarea orientalis, folio fubrotundo^ flore magno partim albo^ partim purpurafcen¬ te. gDjtentai Clarp, \ melj a rotmbt® Leaf, anb a large Jflobier, prtlp bi!;ite, anb partlv pttrpltft;. There is none of all the Species here de- fcribed, remarkable for any Medicinal Vir¬ tues except the firft ; which we (hall give an Account of in as few Words as pofllble. If it be piiii into Wine while it ferments,' it is an excellent Remedy for the Coldnefs of the Stomach, for it cuts and consumes Flegm t It is like wife a good Remedy for Women that are cold, barren, and that are troubled with the Whites. Some fay that it is bad for the Head, becaufe of its troublefome and noifom Smell. Trag. who upon this Occafion exclaims againft fulphurated Wine$. The Seed, fays Lobelius^ makes the Head heavy and drowfy, by its Smell, which runs thro* the whole Plant, but is not difagreeable ? and is for that Reafon much ufed by the Nor¬ thern People in making of their Ale and Beer. For either for want of Hops, or in or¬ der to make the Drink more exhilarating, they put it into the boiling Cauldrons , and thus making an intoxicating Liquor, by which they become fuddled only with drinking a few Draughts, and play fuch Frolicks as if they were diftradled. Caffar Hoffman writes, That this Plant pat not only into Beer, but even into Wine, makes it drink like Mufcadel Wine, and tbac it may very eaftly impofe upon the Unwary. The Herb made into Powder, and put up the Nofe, caufes Sneezing, takes away a Ca¬ tarrh or Rjjeum, and purges the Brain. The DecodHon of this Plant in Water, brings down the Courfes in Women, and fuch like. T/;ao;e, teij Ciacp JUabeo an* a ptb lOtUifl) jHotUCt. Horminum luteum , glut in o- fum. C* B. Pin. 238* Galeopfis fpecies lutes^ vifeida, odorata , nemoren/is. J. B. 3. 314. O - vala y Dod. Pempr. 292. This is the Hormi¬ num luteum , five Colus Jcvis of P arkjnfcn y and the Colus Jovis of Gerarde ; as alio the Galeop¬ fis lutea Dalechampii . Park. ClatT* 01 Jupiter o 3Dtff aif. Ic (lands upon a Root notably fibrous, fending up from thence many Sralks a Yard high and better, fquare, rough, full of fungous Pith, branched out into Wings. The Leaves come forth out of the Joints, oppofite to one another, hanging by long rough Foot*ftalks, winged after the manner of the Arum , but fhrivelled and rough, like the dead Nettle Leaves, tho* they are much larger, dented round the Edges, with a deep Red, fometimes running along the Edges ; The Flowers en- compafs the Branches in long Spikes like Wherles, being rough without, and fmooth within, with a Lip divided into three Parts, the middle Jagg being fringed and crifped, without of a whitifh yellow Colour, and within ftained with obfolete Spots. But the upper Leaf or Creft is fported, and yellow within: Out of the middle Yawn or Gape, come forth white Stamina or Threads . The Flowers fit upon oblong, ftriped, clammy Flower-Cups, in which the Seed afterwards grows, after the manner of the wherled Plants. The whole Plant is clammy to the Touch, fweet Smelling, but has no remarkable Tafte. It grows upon the Hills about Geneva . I have likewife found it often in Italy and Ger¬ many , in clayey Places, where there are Springs and Boggs, at the Sides and Bottoms of Mountains. £(ay. 2. Salvia major, an Sphacelus Tbeophrafti. c. b. Pin. 227. Klje theater, o; common §)aC££. Salvia latifolia. J. B. 3. 304. Salvia major. Dod. Pempr. 290. From a lively, perennial ligneous Root, there arife ligneous Shoot?, varioufly turning and bending, and very full of Branches. The younger •< * / : The Cotnpleat Herbal. 29 > younger Branches and Shoots are fquare, rough a Point, rugged, more hoary Slid thinner than with a Ihort Down, and adorned with Pairs, the common Sort. of Leaves mppofite to one another at difiances. 9. Salvia latifolia, ferrata. C« B . Fin. 237* The Leaves ftand upon long Foot-ftalks, fhri- U0tCl>Cti J 5 >age* Salvia folio veiled, rough, with a (hort and fcarce difcerni- ferrato. Prodr. 113* Salvia ferr at a , crtfpa. J. B, bie Down, three or four Inches long, an Inch 3. 305. CUrlCO ^agC* and a half broad, fnipped round the Edges, The Leaves of this Sage are fhorter, broad- pointed, fometimes green, and fometimes of er and rounder than the Leaves of the com- a Colour betwixt red and purple, with a very mon Sage [fome are four Inches long, and ftrong aromatick Smell and Tafte. The Flow- three Inches broad] notched and curled at the ers are ranged in Spikes, upon the Tops of Edge*. the Stalks and ftmll Branches, growing like The Flowers in moft of the Plants are of a Wherles, each of them refting upon fingle purplifh Colour, like the Flowers of thecom- Foot-ftalks, riling out of the Bofoms of the mon Sage , and in fome they are white, but concave, triangular Leaves that grow in Pairs feldom. at the joints* The Flower-Cups are large, 10. Salvia Ablinthium reddens. C» B. 3* channelled, divided into five Segments, the 307. &age, fmelling like three fmalleft being placed below, and the Salvia minor , altera . C. B. Pm. 237. Worm- two largeft above. The Flowers are blue, or wood Sage . This is the Salvia minor , altera of a 'bhieilh purple, confiding of one fingle fl 0 re rubente of Parkinfon. Leaf, crefted, with the two Sides of the Creft It has a pretty large purplifti wberled Flow- meeting, and an oblong, broad Lip fplit into er [but that which is trained Up in our Gar- two Parts, hanging down, with two Auricles “dens has a white Flower] with a Pair of as it were above. The Stamina are forked Leaves of the fmaller Sage , fometimes winged, at Top, with whitifh oblong Chives , growing and fometimes without Wings, fmelling like out of the Sides of the Flowers. To every Wormwood ; and yet the dried Leaves fcarce little Flower fucceed four Seeds, after the retain that Smell. manner of the wberled Plants. It grows both with a purple and a white The Tops of the Plant are wet, with a cer- Flower. J. Bauhinus> propofes it to b: con¬ tain glutinous aromatick Moifture. fidered, whether that which bears a purple 3. Salvia major, calyce fiorum purpura- Flower, differs from that which bears a white feente. 2 Dl )0 greater &agC, tBltlj a jflObJCL* Flower ; or whether it does not fport with Cup Of a pttrpltft) Colour* the Colour of the Flower. 4. Salvia major, foliis verficoloribus. C. B. agrees in all Things, except in the Smell Bin. 237. %\)Z greater S&age, Put!) 3 leahe$ and Tafte, with the fmaller Sage ; for which Of bartOttg Colours. Reafon, I am apt to think it is not a different 5. Salvia major, foliis ex luteo & viridi Species from it. F(ay. variegatis* H, Par * 30)0 greater &age, 11. Salvia baccifera. C.B.Pim 237. tott!) 5 leabes bartegateu \m 1 ) peUotu ana beartng &age. Salvia Cretica, pomifera. Cluf. gt*eeit. Hift. 343. This is the Salvia Cretica major , 6. Salvia altera, perelegans, tricolor, argen- Utifolia (3 anguftifolia , aurita (3 non aurita 9 tea Belgarum. H. Par_. 3 nOtl) 0 r molt bcatt^ pomifera (3 non pomifera of Parkinfon, ttfttl tlnee^colottreo ^age, tl)0 Wilber ^age This great Sage has many fquare hoary hard Of tlje jDUtClj. Stalks,efpecially when they are young,but turn- 7. Salvia minor, finuata, foliis per limbum ing alrnoft round when they grow old, rifing aureis . H. R. Par. ££!je fmaller fttUtaieO borh greater and higher in the hot Countries, £i>ag0, loft!) ILeabeS Cf a Coloctt Colour than with us, whereon are fet two Leaves at about tlje Cbges* a joinr, one over againft another, in fome like 8 Salvia folio fubrotundc. C. B. Pin. 238- our ordinary Sage , but larger, in others fome- Prodr. 113. £$age, tMtlj a rounoffb Ileaf. what fmaller and longer. In many Plants of This has a Iquare hairy Stalk, with round both Sorts, there will be fmall Pieces of Leaves, much refembling the Leaves of the Leaves growing on both Sides, at the Bottom Wiolaria or Arijlolockia rotunda , but ending in of the Leaves, and in fome Plants or Places, there The CoMpIeat Herhal. there will be none of thefe Pieces or Ears to be feen (which has caufed different Authors to give different figures) which are very hoa¬ ry underneath, and more green on the upper Side, having as it were the Hoarinefs rubbed off of them, of a much ftronger Smell than the common Sort. The Stalks branch forth on all Sides towards the Tops, on which ftand the Flowers at diftances, like the Flowers of ordinary Sage , but of a pale or whitifh pur¬ ple Colour : After which come great Heads of Seeds, ftanding in the fame Husks or Cups that bore the Flowers before, which are fo much fwoln, that they feem to\be Berries, with three or four great Seeds in them. Thefe Kinds likewife bear in hot Countries, fuch as Egypt y Candy^ 8cc. at the Joints, and fome- times between the Joints of the Stalks, cer¬ tain Excrefcences like fmall Apples or Berries, bigger than Tiftach Nuts, of an Inch Thick- nefs at leaft, and covered with much Down ©r< Cotton, fomewhat rough to the Touch, of a Tafte not fo hot, but more afMngent than the common Sage , and not unpleafanr, which People eat with Bread, but in other colder Countries, it never bears any. 12. Salvia Cretica, non pomifera. Cluf. Hift. 343. £>age of Canbp, not bearing && pies 0? lBorte& 13. Salvia Cretica, non pomifera, flore al- bo. &>age of Canto>, not beating Apples, tmtb a nrfjtte iflolner. 14. Salvia anguftifolia, ferrata. J] 5 atr 0 b^ leab'b, nctrijeb &age. C. B. pin. 237. Salvia Cr-etica , anguftifolia. Cluf. Hift. 343. This is the Salvia Cretica non aurita of Parkjnfon. This Species rifes up with feveral hard Stalks, of a brownifh Colour, having the Leaves placed in Pairs, which are much nar¬ rower than in any other Sage , and without any Ears at all, of a whitifh green Colour like the fmall Sage , and a little dented or crumpled ’about the Edges. This branches forth plentifully, bearing purple Flowers at the Tops in Spikes, without any Leaves a- mong them* The Root is hard and woody, fpreading feveral Ways under Ground. 15. Salvia minor aurita, 8c non aurita. C- B. pin. 237. 20b t (mallet &age britlj, anb XUftl)OltC Cats. Salvia minor , auriculata. J. B. 3. 30 5 ;. Salvia minor . Dod. Pempt. 2po. »>age of SHetttte. This leffer Sage grows like the great white Sage, but that the Branches are longer and flenderer 5 the Leaves whitifh, and never red and much fmaller or narrower, having for the moft part, at the Bottom of each Leaf, on each Side, a fmall Piece of a Leaf, which makes it look like a Finn or Ear. The Flow¬ ers alfo are of a blueifh purple Colour, but iefler. Of this Kind there is one that bears white Flowers, but differing in nothing elfe from the other. 16. Salvia minor non aurita, flore albo. H i{.Par. 2 D be letter g>age britbottt Cars’ tuitb a brfme jflotoer. * 17. Salvia minor, foliis variegatis. H. /? Par. App. 2 Cbc fmaller £>age, tuttli barter gatebLeabeo. 18. Salvia folio tenuiore. C. B. Pin. 2'7 g>age, tuftlj a flenberec Leaf* Sahu mL- nica flore albo. Eyft. This fweet-fmelling fmall Spanijb &ag e , is in moft refpeds fo like the ordinary fmall Sage with Ears, or Sage of Venue, that un- lels it be carefully examined, it will be taken for the very fame; but the Difference confifts in this, that it feldom grows to be fo large • the Leaves are fomewhac fmaller and greener* or not fo white, it is more tender and difliculc to be preferved, and quicklier perifhes in the Winter, uolefs it be better defended than the other ;_and the Smell is much milder, fweeter and pleafanter, yet fomewhat quicker withal than the former, which is eafily difeerned by any one that is nice in Smelling. And laftjy, fome Kinds of this bear white Flowers, and others blue. 5 ip. Salvia Hifpanica, Lavendulc folio §>pamflf) &>age, bntb a Laborer Leaf. 20. Salvia Cretica, pomifera Clufii, flore albo. 2 D \)Z Canbp £pple 4 )earing sj>age of Clufiito, britb a tubtte jflotner. 21. Salvia Cretica, frutefeens, pomifera, fo¬ liis longioribus, incanis 8c crifpis. ^frtttefcent ^pple^eacing &>age of Canbp, lnttlj Ion; get boarp anb cttrleb Leabe?/ 22 . Salvia Sarnia, frutefeens, foliis longiori¬ bus, incanis, non crifpis. jfrtttefcent &age Of Cantos, tottl; longifl), boarp anb not curl; eb Leabes. 23. Salvia Sarnia, verbafei folio. £)amO£ £>age, bmb a Mullein Leaf. 24. Salvia orientals, foliis fubrotundis, ace- tabuiis Moluccas. 4D:tental §>age, trntli rcunbtflj Leabeo, anb tbe ISollotu oj Ban Of ^OlUCCa ffiatllm. “ 25. Salvia The Contpleat Herb ah 297 25. Salvia orientalis, fjrutefcens, faliis cir- nomous Creatures,' the Italians are wont to cinnatis,acetabulis Moluccas, ifrUttfcent OJt* plant either by it, or intermixed with etttal&age, t nitf) IleafeS petfetfiP rotmu, it; which gave occafion to the Poet to join anb tfe feolloto Of tfe Molucca them both together in this Line, Salvia Syriaca , Cifti fcemina£e, tottl) totngeli IleabCS, protcp tit&Z, Pugil or two of dried Barley Meal in Beer but not oenteo, Smelling life ®antm. Vinegar, for a Gargarifm to wafh the Mouth, 28. Salvia orientalis, foliis alatis, minoribus or to wafh the Teeth when they ake you will & crenatis, odore Mari. £D?tental £>agf, find great Eafe in ufing it, as I have found by fcml) tntngeo IUabe$, but frnalte anb Experience in preferring it to the Country notefeb, fmeflmg Ufe Saturn. People. Simon Faulus . 29. Salvia orientalis, foliis alatis, majoribus Orpheus fays. That three Spoonfuls of the 8c ferratis. Rental £>age, toltb tuittgeb Juice of Sage taken fafting with a little Hon-y IUaW, that are larger anb J'aggeb. doth prefently flop the Spitting or Vomiting 30. Salvia orientalis, foliis alatis, obfeurb of Blood ; which is confirmed by the Tefti- virentibus, odore Saiviae vulgaris. ^Dfental mony of the famous VeJUngius, who found it britl) tntngtb lUabfg Of a bark true from his own Experience, having gather- Colour, anb tfe ^rnoil of common ed the Experiment from Aetius, and tried it ^ap. with Succefs in his own Pra&ice. The Species of Sage may be known, even For thole that are in a Confumption , thefe when they want Flower and Fruir, by a cer- Pills are much commended. Take Spikenard tain aromatick, heavy Smell, peculiar to it and Ginger of each two Drams; of the Seed felf, and by its wrinkled Leaves, fuch as are of Sage y a little toafted at the Fire eight old Cloaths rumpled by wearing. Drams; of long Pepper twelve Drams; all Sage is accounted a moft wholefom Plant thefe being broughc into fine Powder let fo amongft our Countrymen, and therefore in much Juice of Sage be put thereto as may the Spring, and efpecially in the Month of make it into a Mafs, fit to be form’d into May , they ufe to eat the Leaves and tender Pills, of which take a Dram every Morning Tops of it with Butter to purify the Blood, fafting, and as much at Nighr, drinking a and preferve Health. But becaufe Toads do little fair Water after them, frequently neftle under it, we ought never to Matthiolus fays, Thar it is very effedual ufe it without having firit waftied and cleanfed for all Pains of the Head, proceeding from it very carefully. Par jus fays, he was told cold and rheumatick Humours; as alfo for by one of good Credit, That two Merchants the Pains of the Joints, whether ufed inward- not far from the City of Touloufe , were in- ly or outwardly, and therefore it relieves fuch ftantly poifoned upon the Spot, by drinking as have the Falling Sictyiefs , and Lethargy■ Wine into which they had thrown the Leaves fuch as are dull and heavy, and fuch as have of unwalhed Sage, under whofe Roots there the Palfey ; it is of much Ufe to fuch as was afterwards found a great Neft of Toads , are troubled with Defluxions and Deftillati- which a Phyfician of that Place affirm’d, had ons of thin Rheum from the Head and for poifon’d the Sage with their Venom. There the Difeafes of the Cheft or Breaft. The is a parallel Story, if not the fame, told by Leaves of Sage and Nettles bruifed together Bcccatio, of two Friends or Lovers that were and laid upon the Impojlhume that rifes be- both killed by eating the Leaves of Sage , un- hind the Ear, affwages and eafes it much, der which a Toad was found to remain. And The Juice of Sage taken in warm Water therefore, to keep away Toads , and other ve- curesr a Hoarfnefs and Cough . The Leaves* Q <1 boiled apS The Compleat Herbal. boiled in Wine" and laid upon any Parc af¬ fected with the Palfey is of excellent Ufe, if the Deception be likewife drunk. Sage taken with Worm-wood, is prefcribed for the Blood}’ Flux. Pliny fays, It brings downWomen’s Courfes; and diminifhes them when they come down too faft, cures the Stings and Bites of Ser¬ pents, and kills the Worms that breed in the Ears, and in all other Sores. Sage is ac¬ counted to be of excellent Ufe for affifting the Memory, by warming and quickening the Senfes ; and the Conferve made of the Flow¬ ers is ufed for the fame Purpofe, as alfo for all the other mentioned Difeafes* And indeed all other Arts of fortifying and encreafing the Memory, befide the vigorous and healthy Difpofidon and Habit of the Body, and the perfect Freedom and Clearnefs of the Senfes, feem to be no other than fo many Juggles and Tricks of Legerdemain, to impofe upon weak and credulous Minds, who are apt to catch at every ftrange Novelty within a certain Circumference, how much fo ever they are tied down to a beaten TraCt of Superftition in other RefpeCh. The Italians are perfuaded, that if they eat Sage fading with a little Salt, they (hall be fafe all that Day from the Poifon or Biting of any venomous Creature. For the Whites in Women, it is prefcribed thus. Take Sage, Sar/aparilU and Balauft , of each an equal Quantity. Take one Dram of this every Morning for fome Days. This is the Remedy made ufe of by the Court Ladies* Chefneau. Agrippa fays. That if Child-bearing Wo¬ men, whofe Wombs are too moift and flippery, and nor able to conceive, by Reafon of that Default, (hall take a Quantity of the Juice of Sage , with a little Sale , for four Days toge¬ ther, before they keep Company with their Husbands, it will help them to conceive; and that it has good Effedi upon thofe who have already conceived, and are apt to Mif- carry upon any fmali Occafion, by caufing the Birth to be the better retained, and to become more lively : Therefore in Cyprus and Egypt , after a great Plaguy lir omen were forced to drink the Juice of Sage , to caufe them to be more fruitful, after the pernicious Air that might be fuppofed to weaken the Parts pro¬ per for Generation: Tho’ methinks the Men * ought to be allowed tbeir Share, as well as the Women, to ftrengthen their enfeebled Ge¬ nerative Parts. I had almoft forgot to tell you, that this Genus is called Salvia d Salvando , becaufe it is falutary or healthful in many Cafes, but efpecially in Barrennefs : Since by the fre¬ quent Ufe of this Plant, barren Women have become fruitful ; for which Reafon Agrippa call’d it Herba Sacra. It is called in Greek ’Ete At. Fay. go* JBrxmella. jMjea&. Digitalis in - die Ay anguftifolia, prof unde fen at a, Perfic* fo¬ lio. H. R. Par. Digitalis Americana , purpurea , folio ferr at o. H. R. Par. 79. Pfeudo-digitalis foliis dent at is, Perfic* foliis . Bocc. Rarior. Plantar- 11. The Leaves are long and narrow, dented round the Edges, and end in lharp Points ; and are fo very like the Leaves of the Perfica, both in Shape and denting, that nothing can be more fo. But thofe out of whofe Bofoms the Flowers come forth, are very fmall and (horr, and each of them ftands upon a very (horc (ingle Foot-ftalk. The Flowers are pro¬ perly called galeated or crefted, and are large, of a purplifh Colour, to each of which fuc- ceed four angular Seeds, contained in Flower Cups cut into five Parts round the Brims, af¬ ter the manner of wherled Plants. This Plant therefore is, without Ground, ranked by lome among the Fox-Gloves. It is called Dracocephalon from two Greek, Words, c I&kw, J'ef.wv, a Dragon and kz<$&Ky), Head. TABLE LXXXIV. GENUS VI. Caflida, ®&ttU>Cajp. C^ttiLCap, i s 2 ^ ant a kbiated Flow- ^ er of one (ingle Leaf, whofe upper Lip AC, refembles an Helmet with two fmall Eats, but the under Lip D, is generally cut in two. Out of the Flower-Cup E, whofe upper Part is crefted F, rifes the Pointal G, fixed like a Nail into the hinder Part of the Flower B, and attended by four Embryo's, which afterwards turn into fo many Seeds K, that are oblong L, (hut up in the Husk H I, which before was the Flower-Cup; in a Husk, I fay, that pretty near refembles a Part I, feems to reprelent the crett, lower Parc H, another Part of the Helmet by which the under Jaw is defended. The Species cf this Plant are, I. Caflida. Co!. Part . 1. 187* Lamium pere- grinum five Scuteffaria- C. B. Pin* 231* Scutel¬ laria Teucrit facie. J. B. 3. 291. Lamium Aftra- galoides . Cor. 129. This is the Lamium Hifpa - nicum ot Parkfnfon. The Fruit of this Plant is round and com¬ pact, cover’d over with a thick, mcift, clam¬ my and Sweet-fmelling Roughnefs, that (tains the Hands while it is green 5 the Fere part of which is drawn out into a Poinr, having a FilTure in Form of a Mouth, and below that a raifed Selvedge, as it were in the Fronr, great in Proportion, raifed like a Crown, or an oblique Creft, with which it feems to be adorned, as in Soldier’s Helmets. When the Fruit begins to be dry, it opens a gaping Mouth, railing the upper crefted Part as in Helmets, in the fame manner as if a Soldier would uncover his Forehead, as they ufe to do in the Summer, or that they may fee the better, and (hews four Seeds adhering within, fmall, round, reddifti and rugged. When they are ripe and dry, the upper raifed Part of the Fruit falls with them, leaving only the lower Part (ticking to the Stalk by a (hort Foot-ftalk; which Stalk,from a fmall nettly, oblique, lig¬ neous, yellow fibrous Root, grows hall a Yard high or better, being folid, reddilh at Bottom^ upright, (ingle, fquare, rough, furrounded with Leaves that grow in Pairs at the Joints, fmall Below, but larger Above, of a dark Green in (liady Places, but in open Places of a pale faint Green, rough, foft, with Foot-ftalks (ticking out from the Stalks, dented quite round, with blunted Teeth like the MelyjJo - phyllum , which they more referable in Shape and Size, not fo wrinkled, but plain like the Dead-Nettle. The Branches coming out of the Bofoms of the Leaves at each Joint in Pairs, divide the Stalk; on the Top of which, 1 and of the Stalk there grow little narrow Leaves, (harp-pointed, fmoorh, being the Bafis of the Flowers, as in Horminum and the like* fending forth Flowers in Pairs, that are pur¬ ple, crefted, and oblong, like the Flowers of the Dead-Nettle, not oblique, but upright ar the Neck, and looking one Way, having a Q q 2 long goo The Comflleat Herbal. long whnifli Neck. It flowers by degrees from the Bottom, as ic were by a long Spike, in the Months of May and $une, and is per¬ fected in the Summer. I have obferved this Plant in Italy , about Florence and Leghorn , and in other Places, with refpect to the Flowers and Flower-Cups, it very much refembles the Lyfimachia galeri- culata^ diSla ; for which Reafon at firft Sight, I call’d it Lyfimachia galericulata Vrtic& folio. Hay. Ic is found in uncultivated Ground, and loves moift and rocky Places among Hills and Mountains, and about Hedges. The Leaves are very bitter, unpleafant to the Tafte, and have little or no Smell. It varies by a white pale Flower, and white Leaves, like thofe of the Calamintha lati- folia. The Lamium Aftragaloides of Cornutus is very like ir, and, if I am not miftaken, the very fame Plant. 2. Caflida flore exalbido. &kttfikCaj), Drill) a D)ljttt® JfIoD)eC. Scutellaria Teucrii facie, flore albj- J. B. Defcripr. 3. 291. CaJJida flore ex albo pallsnte . Gol. Defcripr. Parr. 1. 190. 3. Caflida Alpina fupina, magno flore. LoD) ^mmtatn^kttlLCapjDritb a large JfloD)^ er. Teucrium Aragaloides, Caflida minor . H. R. Par. 4. Caffida Americana procerior. Scutellaria atjuatica , major , Americana. H. L» Bat. 2 Df )0 taller anterrcan gflutlLCap. 5. Caflida paluftris, vulgatior, flore caeru- leo. JCfte common mar® ^kttiLCap, Drill) a blue jflotoer. Lyfimachia carulea, galericula¬ ta, vel Gratiola carulea • C. B. Pin. 246. Ter- t ion aria aliis Lyfimachia galericulata . J. B. 3. 435. Lyfimachia galericulata. Lob. Icon. 344. # The Figure which Tabernamontanus has given of this Plant, is better than that given by Lobel. The Plant which Ccefalpinus called Gratia Dei , ought to be brought to the Gra¬ tiola Centauroidcs , and not to this, as you may fee in the Pinax» It is more likely, that Cce- falpinus mentioned the Plant we are fpeaking of by the Name of Gratia Dei altera 5 tbo* Cafpar Bauhirtus has ranged it under the Gra¬ tiola Centauroidcs . The Words of Cafalpinus are thofe that follow. * Gratia Dei has a 4 fquare Stalk, nine Inches high, with narrow l oblong Lea^ e$ growing in Pairs at diftan^ * ces; among which appear hollow and ob- c long Flowers, with cut Lips, of a blueifh c purple Colour. The Seed-veflels are round, * like thofe of the AnagaUis. The other ■ Gratia Dei is fomewhat higher and more ‘ branched, with longer Leaves, like the ‘ Leaves of the Lifimachia purpurea , with c whicifh purple Flowers.* This Caflida is not much ufed in Phyfick, tho’ Camerarius fays, that a Decocftion of it is good in a Qtiin/y. And Bauhinus informs us, that Turner affirmed, that it was called TkulLCap, Drill) a Drijite plotter. 7. Caflida paluftris minima, flore purpura- fcente. K\)t fmalleft mac® &MLCap, britlj a purplt® jflobiee. Gratiola minor S latifolia noftrai • Park. Theatr. 220. SClje lefe fee ijookea Loofe^ffrife. It fpreads it felf far and wide, creeping un¬ der Ground with white Roots, jointed at di- ftances, and fending forth Fibres at the Joints. It fends up Stalks fcarce a hand-breadth high, upright, ft iff, fquare, fmall, branched from the very Bottom, begirt with thick-fet Leaves, growing oppofue to one another in Pairs. The Leaves, which are half an Inch, or an Inch long, triangular, and end gradually in a fharp Point from a broad Bottom, ftand upon very fhort Foot-ftaJks, in Ihady Places fmooth, but in open Places rough, and then reddifh. From each Wing of the Leaves come forth Angle Flowers, with fhort flender Foot ftalks, bending to one Side, crefted, with a long Pipe, purplilh, with a white Lip variegated with purple Stains and Lines, out of a Flower- Cup, reprefenting the Heel of a Sandal, which, after the Flower is fain, becomes a clofe Seed- veflel, Ihut up with a Cover, and containing four Seeds. The Plant is bitter to the Tafte. It Flowers in marfiiy Places, in the Months of July and Augufi . 8* Caflida Americana, Malvae folio. ntertcan £>kulLCap, Dricl) a SMloD# Leaf. Scutellaria Americana , Malva folio . Morif. H. R. Blef. It The Com fie at Herbal. It put* forth Leave* fomewhat refembling the Leaves of Marlh-mallows in Shape, but larger 5 from among which, ftarts up a Stalk a Foot and a half Jong, upright, bearing on, its Top many wherled, crefted Flowers; to which fucceed Husks like the Heel of a Wo¬ man’s Sbooe, if you look upon the hinder Part of the Husk ; but if you look upon the upper Part of the feminal Husk, it perfe&ly refembles a Saucer , by irs Cavity on the up¬ per Side. From the lingular and peculiar Shape of the Fruit or Pericardium, (fays Coiumna, Part. I. 187*) which we have nor ytt obferved in any other Plant, exprefling the Figure of a Military Helmet or Cafgue, we thought it proper to call it CaJJida , for fo they cal] it in Latin. TABLE LXXXV. GENUS VII. Brunella, @>eIf»&eaL C<£If: 4 )CaI, is a Plant with a labiated Flow- ^ er of one Angle Leaf A, wfaofe upper Lip B, is crefted, bur the under Lip C, is divided into three Segments, with the middle D, hol¬ low like a Spoon. Out of the Flower-Cup X, rifes the Pointal F, fixed like a Nail into the hinder Part of the Flower E, and attend¬ ed as it were by four Embryo’s F, which af¬ terwards turn to fo many rcundifli Seeds K, (hut up in a Husk G, which before was the Flower- Cup. To thefe Marks muft be added, That the Flowers are ranged very clofe into a Spike, and that their Stamina do not refem- ble the Os Hyoides,zs in the Horminum, Sclarea, and Salvia. The Species of this Plant are, 1. Brunella latifolia, Iralica, flore carneo. Barr, icon. Italian al, toid) a fleftKOlDur’i* jHotoer. 2. Brunella major, folio non difledte. C. B. Pin . 26c. %\)t greater ^dfdjeaf, toi# an ttltCUt lUaf. Brunella flore minore t vulgaris. J. B. 3. 428. Brunella * Dod. Pempr. 136^ From a lmall Root, (hooting down into the Earth obliquely, and furnifhed with feveral large Fibres, rife Stalks nine Inches and even 301 a Foot high and better j fquare" rough, branch¬ ed, creeping from the Joints that lye under the inferiour Fibres. The Leaves which ad¬ here to longifh Foot-ftalks, are like the Leaves of the Majorana Sylveflris , or the Ocymitm , but larger, rough, notched at the Edges with lit¬ tle Teeth that are fcarce difcernable. The Flowers are ranged on the Tops of the Stalks and Branches, with thick-fet Wherles in the Form of a large Spike, being crefted and purple. Each of the Wherles compofed of fix Flowers, have under them a Couple of Leaves oppofite to one another, much unlike thofe upon the Stalk, triangular, embracing the Stalk with their broad Bottom, ending in a (harp Point, hollow, membranous, and juft fuch as you fee on the common Sclarea . Every one of the Leaves embrace three Flower- Cups in their Bofom, which are rough, divid¬ ed chiefly into two Jaggs, the upper and the. under, of which the under is again cut into two (harp Segments. It thrives every where in Meadows; It flowers fomewhat late with us in England a rarely before the middle of June* Ic varies in the white and flefh-colour of its Flower. Cafalpinus has with more Reafon and Ex- adlnefs, compared the Leaves of this Plant to thofe of Bafil, than Dodonaus to thofe of Mint . C. Bauhinus was miftaken in reducing to this Species the Prunella , which Pena and Lobel obferved in the Woods of Gramont , at Montpelier , betwixt K^ermes and Ledum : For thefe Authors affirm, that their Plant has dented Leaves, like thofe of the wild Vale - rian; and therefore M. Magnol had Reafon to range this Species of Brunellt under the Brunella laciniato folio • C. Bauhinus has not quoted Lobel fairly upon this Plant , for the Symphytum Petratum of Lobel , is not different from the Brunella folio laciniato , and the Sym¬ phytum Pctraum, Confolida minor Matthioli Lobel is the fame with that which we are fpeaking of; as well as the Brunella, Symphy¬ tum Petraum Lobel . So that C. Bauhinus re¬ lates the Synonimous Names of Camerarivs Hort. It would feem that this laft diftin- guiflied the fame Plant into two Species; but ic is tafie to obferve, that he was not mifta¬ ken here; for he grants, that what he had called Confolida minima, is the fame with Vrti - nella flore purpureo . This Plant reddens blue Paper, and is of an herby, ftiptick, and gluti¬ nous 5 o 2 The Comipleat Herbal. nous Tafte^ mix’d with a very fmall Degree ny thickiih and whitilh Fibres, and enlarging of Bitternels; from whence we may fuppofe, it felf every Year by new Shoots. 6 6 that the acid Part of the natural Sait of the I have obferved this Species in riling and Earth, is in this Plant difingaged from a great graffy Places about Meats', Geneva, and elle- Part of the (harp and acrimonious Part, and, where. Ray. * that being united with Abundance of Earth The Defcription of the Prunella carulea, al- and Sulphur, it has produced a Sale which tera, five tertia Tragi , does not well agree to has an Affinity to the Nature of Alum . This our Plant. Tragus diftinguiffies it by its Smell Mixture of Principles in the Self-heal , makes which is more agreeable than that of the it a vulnerary, aftringent and cleaning Herb, common Self-heal, by its Leaves, and by its and is an Ingredient in vulnerary Potions, f. Branches, which are differ and of an Afli-co- Bauhinus commends a Lotion of it for Wounds lour. But ours is diftinguifhed chiefly by the made by Fire Arms. It is preferibed in Pti- Bignefs of its Flower, as well as the Second fans , in Broths , and in Apo^ems, for Spitting of obferved by Clufius. Blood, for Urine dyed with Blood, for the too This is the Reafon why J. Bauhinus was in great Abundance, or over Frequency of Wo- the Right, to reduce it to the Plant we are men’s Courfes, for the Bloody Flux , and in (peaking of, the Prunella Sexta Tragi fine, for all Sorts of Hemorragies or Fluxes of tho’ the Comparifon that Author makes of its Blood. It is ufed by way of Inje&ion in Flower with that of the Stcechas is not juft, deep Wounds, and by way of Glifter in the 6 . Brunella magno flore albo. C. B. Pin* Bloody Flux . It is made ufeof to bathe the 261. ft large fttytfe jfiotyt Gums of fuch as are Scorbutic^, bypadding to tt, it fome Grains of Maflick* The diftill’d Wa- 7. Brunella flore magno, carneo. B. Edinb, ter of the fame Plant, and the Conferve of &eIE 4 jeaI,ttltti) a lar^efle^COlour’Hiflobl^ its Flowers, may ferve for the fame Purpofes. ££♦ C afalpinus made ufe of the Leaves doubled, 8. Brunella Pyrenaica, maxima, flore ma¬ in order to fuppurate Boils, and to heal jore. %\)Z greateff ^preneait htlf Wounds ; and he made ufe or the Juice for a larger Jflotner. the Vlcers of the Mouth, and in great Pains of p f Brunella Lufitanica, flore & fpica ma- the Head: He bathed the Temples with ir, jore. H. Par • 67. fcbeal after he had mixed with it the Oil of Bpfes tUttJ) a greater jfloter an& 3 aod Vinegar . J. Bauhinus added to it a little IQ. Brunella Hyffopifolia. C. B. Pin. 261 Bpfe-water, and ordered thofe who had been fatlfsfyttil* Prunella anguflil bit by any venomous Creature, to drink the folia . J. B. 3. 430. pure Juice of ir. 11. Brunella Hyflbpifolia, flore albo. IgpD 3. Brunella folio non difle&o, flore albo: fopdfab’H »>eJDI)CaL tOltb a Mute apfotax c.B.pin. 261. jbel&ftealj tmtfj an ttncttt tz, ILeaf, anti a Jplotoer. 12. Brunella folio laciniato. C. B. Pin . 261. 4. Brunella major, folio non diffe&o, flore SaggC&dcab'tJ Brunella fiecunda purpurafeente. OfCCatCC lUttl) flore purpurto, Cluf. Hift. 43. an ttncttt ILeaf, anti a tafftte iflotner* H. 13. Brunella folio Jaciniaro, flore albo. h./?. R. Par. Par . Jaggeifcfeato’ti &>el£ 4 jeal, tuit^ a tnljfte 5. Brunella caeruleo, magno flore. C. B» Pin . Jflotttfr. Prunella flore albo , parvo , folio laci - 261. tntd; a large blue jfloter. niato. J.B. 3. 42p. Prunella fiecunda , non vul- Prunella magno flore, folio non laciniato, J. B. garis. Cluf. Htft. XLIII. 3. 429. Prunella 1. Cluf. Hift. XLIII. From a fibrous Root this Plant has many It differs from the greater or common Self- Leaves, fome a Palm high, oblong, not an heal, by its thicker Heads, by its Flowers Inch broad, hairy, refting upon long Foot- which are indeed alike in Shape, but much ftalks; two of them are cut into large Jaggs greater, and not of a difagroeable Smell, of a beyond the middle of the Foot-high Stalk, loofer Belly, and a Creft that is of a deeper reprefenting a Harts-Horn , and other two at Purple, tho’ the Colour fometimes varies* It the Head of the Flowers, which is an Inch has a black Root, furnilhed with a great ma« and a half long, and one Inch broad, having fewer The Compleat Herbal. 303 fewer Jaggs. The Flowers are contained be¬ tween gaping Coats, white, and fometimes red, coming pretty much outr Clufnis fays, that it loves to grow in herby and grafly Places, and in Places which are watered by Rivers. It flowers fooner than the Prunella fiore magno, viz. in Ma/ p and fometimes not till June* 14. Brunella folio laciniato, flore rofeo. h. r . Par. a Mofe? irlowec. . . The Word Brunella is of German Original. This Plant was thus called then from the Caufus Vngaricus, or the Inflammation of the Jaws and Throat, which the Germans call Die Braune . Others derive it from the SquinJ}, which fome call Brunella> becaufe it cures that Diftemper. The Leaves and Flowers are moft in ufe in Phyfick. It warms and dries (it is bitterilh) cleanfes, confolidates, and is a vulnerary Plant. Its chief Ufe is in the Wounds of the Lungs , and coagulated Blood. Outwardly in Wounds, and moft frequently in the SquinJ} , and other Affections of the Mouth and Jaws, for a Gar- garifm. Crollius afliires us. That the dry Root rub¬ bed upon an aking Tooth till it fetches Blood, will eafe the Pain, by a magnetical Virtue, if it be thruft into a bored Willow, and the Hole fhut up by a Piece of Willow. It is of great Efficacy in frefh Wounds, or in putrid Vlcers , either of the Fundament, or of the Privy Parts. I obferved a certain Country Fellow boiling Self-heal and Fluellin in Wine, and found that with this he had cured, a Piffing of Blood, which had baffled all other Remedies. Solci nander ConfiU Med . 27 , It is hardly credible how effe&ual a Re¬ medy Self-heal is, either raw or boil’d, both in burning and in be&ick Fevers. Simon Pau- lus. The Leaves bruifed and applied, or their Juice ufed to wafli and bathe the Part affeft- ed, is a fovereign Remedy in all manner of Vlcers and Sores, whether they be new and frefli, or old and inveterate, nay even Gan¬ grenes and Fifiulas j and the fame made into a Lotion, with fome Honey of Bpfes and Alum % cures all Sores of the Mouth and Gums, be they never fo foul ot of long continuance; it likewife eafes fuch as have any broken Bone in their Body, or any Diflocation of a Joint,’ both ufed inwardly and applied outwardly. An Ointment made of the Leaves of Bugle, Scabious , and Sanicle , bruifed and boiled in Hog’s-Lard , till the Herbs be dry 5 and then ftrained out and kept in a Pot, for fuch Occa- fions as (hall require it, is found to be of fo Angular Ufe for all Sorts of Hurts of the Bo¬ dy, or any Part of the Body, that it were well if all Gentlewomen and Ladies, who are fo charitable as to Adminifter to Poor People in their Ailments, or to their own Fa¬ milies and Neighbours, it were well, I fay 5 if thofe good Ladies had always of this Oint¬ ment by them ; becaufe it has done, and will do fo much good. For in France and Ger¬ many, it is a common Proverb, That they need neither Phylician to cure their inward Dif- eafes, nor Surgeon to affift them in any Wound or Sore, that have this Bugle, (or the Self-heal , for with them they are accounted one and the fame Herb) and Sanicle at hand by them, to ufe when they have Occafion. Par\infon° SECT, 3°4 The Co tuple at Herbal. SECT. II. Of Herbs with a labiated Flower of one fingle Leaf whofe up¬ per Lip is hollow like a Spoon. TABLE LXXXVI. GENUS I. Lamium, Sccft-aitgel, or IDealu ' AlflcfHUtgd, is a Plant with a labiated Flower of one fingle Leaf, Whofe upper Lip A, is hollow like a Spoon; but the un¬ der one E, cut into two Segments, in the •Form cf a Heart, and both end in Chaps C, which are brim’d or edged D D. Out of the Flower-Cup F, which is fiftulous, and cut into five Segments, rifes the Pointal G, fixed like a Nail into the hinder Part of the Flow¬ er B, and attended as it were with four Em¬ bryo’s, which afcerwards turn to fo many tri¬ angular Seeds H, (hut up in a Husk, which was the Flower-Cup before. •The Species of 3rcfcan$el are, I. Lamium purpureum, fcetidum, folio fubrotundo, five Galeopfis Diofcoridis. C. B. Fin. 230. purple ffm&tng 8rc!^angel, tmti) a roimatffi 3Uaf, ci t \)t ot iDtOfCOJt&ES* Galeopfis , five Vrtica iners , fo¬ lio & flare minore. J. B. 3. 323. Vrtica iners , altera. Dod. Pempr. 153. This is the Lamium rubrum of Gerarde , and the Lamium vttlgare, folio fubrotundo, flore ru- bro of Parkjrtfon• From a (mail fibrous Root, not creeping, ic fends up fquare, hollow Stalks, almoft fmooth, retry large, branched near the Bottom, then egirt with one or two Pairs of Leaves, af¬ ter that, aimoft naked at Top; half a Foot high, and feeble. On the Tops of the Stalks grow Flowers in thick-fet Wherles, being crefted, (mail, purple, with a Lip marked with deep-colour’d Spots; The Flower-Cups are (hort, open, llriped, fitting, divided into five long narrow Jaggs or Prickles, contain¬ ing at Bottom four oblong, angular Seeds, which are reddifli and fliining when ripe. The Leaves refemble the Leaves of Nettles, only they are fmaller, and fliorter, foft, (hip¬ ped about the Edges, and ftand upon Foot- ftalks half an Inch Jong. The Smell of the whole Plant is (linking and difagreeable. It begins to flower in the Beginning of the Spring, and continues in flower during the whole Summer. 2. Lamium purpureum foetidum, folio fub¬ rotundo, minus. H. L. Bat . purple fttltfte tng archangel tl)t letter, tmtl; a rotmnrth lleaf. 3. Lamium folio oblongo, flore rubro. Park,. Theatr. 606. 0 rCl^attgeI, tUttfj ait 0 Ite long lleaf ano a reo iflolner^ Lamium pur¬ pureum non fatens, folio oblongo. C. B. Pin. 231. Galeopfis five Vrtica iners, flore purpu- rafeente, majore , folio non maculato . ]. B. 3. 321. This Dead-Nettle, or Arch-angel, hath feve- ral fquare Stalks, fomewhat hairy ; at the joints whereof, at a good diftance from one another, grow two dark green Leaves, dent¬ ed round the Edges, oppofite to one another, the Jowermoft upon long Foot-ftalks, buc without any towards the Tops, which are fomewhat round, yet Pointed at the Ends, and a little crumpled as it were, and hairy. Round the upper Joints, with the Leaves which there grow ciofe together, grow fun- dry gaping Flowers, of a pale reddifli Co¬ lour, fomewhat like Betony Flowers; after which come the Seeds, three or four fee to¬ gether in a Husk. The Root is fmall and thready, periling every Year, the whole Plant bath a (trong Scenr, but not (linking. 8. Lamium vulgare, album, five Arch-an¬ gelica, flore albo. Park. Theat. 604. ffltflfjttC ^rcl^angcl, o; 2 Xat^d£ettIe. Lamium al¬ bum, non fatens , folio oblongo. C. B. Pin. 231. Gakepfij 2M. s?' A B A © a c ® The Contpleat Herbal . 305 Qaleopfis five Vrtica iners, floribus albis. ]. B* 3. 322. Vrtica iners , five Lamium prim urn- Dod. Perrtpr. 153- It ftands upon a great many fibrous Roots, and propagates it felf far and wide by many (hoots creeping under Ground, after the man¬ ner of Mint , and by Knots that afterwards Shoot down Roots into the Earth. From thence rife Stalks a Foot or half a Yard high, fquare, pretty thick, but flenderer and feebler towards the Bottom, hardly able to fupport themfelves, empty, fomewhat hairy, branched, with joints fet at a good diftance from one another, and purplilh towards the Bottom, in open Places. The Leaves, which grow in Pairs, over-againft one another, are very like the Leaves of Nettles; and thofe that grow at the Bottom of the Stalks (land upon long Foot-ftalks, but fuch as grow on the Tops of the Stalks are rough, with a fhort and harm- lefs Down. The Flowers, which encompafs the Stalks in Wherles, are white, pretty large, crefted, on the Out-fide pale, rather than fnowy, with a pale Lip, not fpotted, cut into two Segments, with a large Hood, on the out- fide hairy, efpecially about the Edges, hiding within four little Threads, of which two are long, and two fhort. The Chives of the Threads with black Edges quite round, do fomewhat refemble the Figure of 8* The Stile or Poinral, which is very fmall and di¬ vided into two Parrs, ftands hard by the Threads , and rifes out of the very Flower it felf, and not out of the Middle of the Threads , as is ufual in others of this Kind. The Flow¬ er-cup, which is alfo the Seed-vefleJ, is large, gaping, ftriped, fitting, and divided into five oblong, narrow Segments, which end in fmall and (harp, but harmlefs Prickles. At the Bottom of the Stalk four Seeds joined toge¬ ther fucceed to each Flower. The Flower- cups come forth from the Wings of the Leaves fingle. The Smell of this Plant is not very uneafie. . It flowers with us in the Month of April , and the beginning of May, by Hedges, and in ruinous and thicketty Places. The Moderns are of Opinion, that the white Flowers of Arch-angel , have a Quali¬ ty of (topping the Flux of Whites in Women ; and therefore fome do prepare a Conferve of thefe, to be taken for chat Diftemper every Day. 5. Lamium alba linea notatum. C. B, pin. 23;. < 3 rcfcangel marker toffy a to !jite IIU 10 * Lamium montanum Campoclarenfium . Col. Part. 1. 192. This is the Lamium Pliuii montanum Columns of Parkjnfon. It produces many fquare, leaning, reddifh Stalks, upon which grow rough Leaves, rc- fembling thofe of Nettles, fofr, like the La - mium vulgare aibo fiore , or the Ballote , but lefs by one half, dented with round Cuts, having a white Line running through cheMid- dle of them, and a ftraight Nerve furround¬ ing them on both Sides ; which Line remains confpicuous in the dry Plants for ten Years : When they are rubb’d, they fend forth an uneafie Smell, but lefs difagreeable than in the common Dead-Nettle. The Flowers, which are of a Colour betwixt white and red, grow at the Tops of the Joints. It flowers in the Spring, and comes to Perfe&i- on in the Summer. It grows in great Plenty befide Hedges, and among Briars, in Italy > and in the South of France• F. Columna obferved the Variety of this upon the Hills about Tibur 9 with fhorter Leaves, narrower and (harp-pointed, divided round the Edges by deep Cuts, as in the Cha - mtalk* Gaieopfis, five Vrtica minor , iners, folio caulem ambient e. J. B. 3. App. 853* Morfus Gallin ce, folio Hede - ruU alterum . Lob. Icon. 463. This is the Afi fine Hederulce folio major of Parkjnfon This Plant rifes a Palm and a half high; with fquare, feeble Stalks, fometimes flail¬ ing upright^ but ofrner lying along upon the- Ground. The Leaves that firft break forth have Foot*(talks, are like the Leaves of the Galeo-pfis minor, almoft round, and jagged: Others rife on the upper Parts of the Stalks, in Pairs, adhering immediately to the Stalks, encompaffing the Stalk almoft in the fame manner thac the Leaves of the Perfoliata do, ! being round, hairy, deeply notched, curled, with a lefs difagreeable Smell than the other Species of the Galeopfis , and no remarkable Tafte. The wherled Flowers that grow a- R r mong 30 6 The Compleat Herbal . mong the Leaves at the Knots, and encom- pafs the Stalks and their Branches, are pur¬ ple, and gaping out of oblong, hairy Flower- cups, that are divided into many Segments* It ftioots down into the Earth a Angle, ftifF, and fibrous Root. It grows very commonly in open Fields and Gardens. 8* Lamium orientale, nunc mofchatum, nunc foefidum, magno flore. £DjtCntal angel, fometmtee iwetAmtWtt), ana Corner times fftnkmg, tmtlj a large ifiotner. p. Lamium orientale, foliis eleganter laci- niatis. Rental #rcl^angel, tmtlj Ileabeg cttttouftp iagget** 10. Lamium orientale, incanum, flore albo, cum labio fuperiori crenato. fJDjtetttal !)OatP 0rc^angeI P tnttft a tuljcte iflolun:, tnljofe upper lup t0 notches. 11. Lamium orientale, incahum, flore pur- purafcente, cum labio fuperiori Crenato. £D & ental iioarp ^rc^angei, toitfr a pttrpltfl) ^floftier, ftfyofe upper Hip t0 notcljen. I2» Lamium orientale, album, latifolium ahifllmum* taneft, tnljite, oriental bsoateleabti #rcfcangeL We muft exclude from this Genus, Lami- tim maximum , fylvaticum fcetidum,. C* B* Pin- 231* which is a Species of Galeopjis. Lami - aim maximum , fylvaticum , alterum. C. B. Pin. 231. Lamium montanum , Melijfce folio • C. B. Pin. 231, which muft be brought to the Me- lijfa. Lamium folio oblongo , luteum . C. B. Pin. 231, which is a Species of Galeopjis % La¬ mium maculatum * O B. Pin. 231, alfo a Spe¬ cies of the Galeopjis. Lamium peregrinum five Scutellaria . C* B« Pin. 231; which is a Species of Cajfida. The species of Arch-angels may be known, even when they are without Flowers and Fruit, by their ftinking Leaves, refembling the Leaves of Nettles ; but thefe fpecial Marks do likewife agree to the Galeopfis . The Name Lamium was firft taken from Pliny, who after he had fpoken of Nettles, fays, that the Nettle that does not fting, and is not hurtful, is called Lamium. It is called ZJrtica insrs , non mordax , & mortua, quia fo¬ liis non mordacibuSy fed mitijjimis fit \ and by fame Arch-angelica , ab exirhiis viribus ; and Lamium , fcrtajfe a figtsra florum, veluti cu- a'illo larvatam Lami am quandam reprefentante. ' The Herb bruifed and applied, is thought td have a Virtue of difcufling any Tumours whacfoever, as alfo of allaying Inflammati¬ ons, healing Bruifes, putrid Ulcers and Wounds. For the Kjngs-Evily Take one Handful of the green Herb (white Arch-angel ) warm it betwixt two warm Bricks, and apply it to the Tumour. It will open it very much in the Space of one Night. When it is open, add the following Mixture. Take fix Spoon¬ fuls of Omphacium, and AfmdL Meliffa forte Ca¬ nada, triphyllot , odorem Camphor# fpirans pe¬ netrant iffimum. Almag. Bor. 401, & Phytog. Tab. 325. Fig. 5. 5. Moldavica Cretica, faxatilis, Lamii fo¬ lio, flore maximo- CattfclVMock SipolbabtCa, att archangel Jlcaf, anb a berp large Jflotner. 6. Moldavica orientalis, Hederae terreftris folio. Rental $&olbabica, bntlj a®3Mtnb* 3b]? 2leaf. 7. Moldavica orientalis, Betonica: folio, flore magno, violaceo. ^Djfental $5olbabtCa, britb a Wttmv lleaf, ana a large btolrt iflotuer. 8. Moldavica orientalis, falicis folio, flore parvo, casruleo. £D?tmal $)clbabtca, britlj a OTtllobi Heaf, anb a fmall blue iflom^ tt. 9. Moldavica orientalis, falicis folio, flore parvo, albo. Rental #olbabtca, toitl) a flfflltllobj lieaf, anb a fmall brtjtte Jflobte 10. Moldavica orientalis, minima, ocimi folio, flore purpurafeente. %\)C fmalleft etttal ©olbabtca, tuttl; a JBafil Jleaf, anb a purplfflj jfloter. 11. Moldavica orientalis, flore minimo, ca-* lyce veficario. Rental ^olbabica, tmtlj a berp fmall plotter, anb a 3 flobier*Cup like a IBlabber. The Virtues are much the fame, as in the Meliffa or haulm , which you may confult un¬ der that Genus. TABLE LXXXVI. Fig. j* GENUS III. 'Ballots "W 0 llofe, or harftard Here-hound, is a Plant with a labiated Flower of one Angle Leaf, whofe upper Lip A, is hollow like a Spoon, but the under Lip divided into three Parcs, the middle one being the largeft, and R r 2 fhaped 3 °$ The Compleat Herbal. fraped like a Hearr. Out of the Flower-cup D, rifcs the Pointal E. fixed like a Nail to the binder Parc of the Flower B, and attend¬ ed as it were by four Embryo’s, which after¬ wards turn to fo many Seeds H, which are oblong G, (hut up in the fiftulous, pentago¬ nal and quinquepartite Husk, which was the Flower-cup before. I know but one Species of B allot e y or Ba¬ ft ard Here- hound } which is, Ballote MatthioJ. 825* Marrubium nigrum fcetidum, Ballote Diofcoridis • C. B. Pin. 2^0. Marrubium nigrum five Ballote . J. B. 318. Ballote flore albo. WityitZ flOftCr’h (ton ^o^^jounh. The Stalks, which are many from the fame ligneous perennial Root, are a Cubit, and fometimes two Cubits high, rough with a Ihort Down, fquare, empty, branched, reddifli, adorned with Leaves at the Joints that grow in Pairs, oppofite to one another, like thofe of Baulm f or rather red Arch-angel , but rounder and blacker, hairy and fofc to the Touch, and fhrivelled. The Flowers grow in Wherles upon the Stalk, feveral of them growing upon the fame common Foot-ftalks, which comes out of the Bofom of a Leaf, crefted of a faint purple Colour, and ftriped within with deep¬ er Lines. The channelled oblong Flower- cups, that are parted into five (harp Segments, contain each four fmall Seeds, and grow black when they are ripe. They come out from the fame Bofoms of the Leaves^ with the Flowers and fmall Branches. It has the (link¬ ing Smell of Dead-Nettle. It flowers in Summer, in Ruins and Hedges. The Leaves of this Plant, fays Diofcorides, rubbed with Salt, will cure the Bite of a Dog : If they are put into warm Alhes to become limber, they cure hard Swellings and Inflam¬ mations. Mixed with Honey, they cleanfe putrid Vlcers . Pliny fays the fame Things, in almofl the very fame Words. The Decodlion of Ballote, is a moft Sove¬ reign Remedy in Hypochondriac) and Hifterick, Fits, D>Bow!e> TABLE LXXXVII. Fig. i. GENUS IV. Galeopfis, ©tmfeutg DeafrlSettle. or drinking SPea&^ettle, is ^ a Plant with a labiated Flower of one (ingle Leaf, whofe upper Lip A B, is hollow like a Spoon, but the under one C G, is di¬ vided into three Segments, the Middle being large, and either (harp or blunr. Out of the Flower-cup E, rifes the Pointal F, fixed like - a Nail into the hinder Part of the Flower D, and attended as it were by four Embryo’s, which afterwards turn to fo many oblong Seeds I, (hut up in the funnel-like and quin¬ quepartite Husk H, which was the Flower- cup before- The Species of this Plant are, 1. Galeopfis procerior, foetida, fpicata. SCJjc taller, (linking; fjukea SDea^ettle. La - mium maximum , fylvaticum , fcetidum • C. B. Pin. 231. Galeopfis five Vrtica iners y magna fcetidiffima . J. B. 3. App. 853* Vrtica Herculea . Tabern. Icon. 53 6 t It rifes with a Stalk, a Cubit high, and fometimes higher, fquare and thick, having many Joints towards the Root, out of which fpring Leaves not unlike the Leaves of Net¬ tles, notched or fnipped round the Edges like them, but much larger, and often exceeding the Largenefs of one’s Palm, very rough in¬ deed, but^not burning. From the Middle of the Stalk up, at every Knot, there arife Flow¬ ers in Sixes, in Eights, and fometimes in Tens, not opening themfelves all at once, but fuc- cefliveiy, much longer than the Flowers of Lamium, being of a deep Red, and almoft Purple, gaping like a Helmet, with the under Lip (whofe Edges are jagged) divided into two Parts, and having a great many little Beards at the Sides, and the inner Part adorn¬ ed with purple and white Lines, with four Stamina, or Threads , and a Pointal concealed under the Helmet; with a dull and unplea- fant Smell, as the whole Plant has, if it be broken, and a difagreeable and bitter Tafte* The Seeds are contained in jagged Veflels, like thofe of the Molucca . The Root is thick, fibrous The Compleat Herbal. 309 fibrous and perennial, growing bigger every Year, and producing new Shoots. It grows in great Plenty in the woody Mountains, next to the Caftle of Grebcn in Hungary, above Warafdin, where Clufius found it flowering in May. 2. Galeopfis procerior, caliculis aculeatis, flore purpurafcente. %\)Z taller, (linking SDeat^ettle, tmt!) pztcklp jHoter*Cups, anti a pttrpltft J^lOtDCr^ Vrtica aculeata, fc - liis ferratis. C. B. Pin. 232. Cannabis fylveftris quorundam , Vrtica inerti affinis . J, B. 3. App. 584. Cannabis fylveftris , fpuria, altera , Lami - um quorundam . Lob. Icon. 527. 20 a(lar& l£emp. The Angle Root takes faft hold of the Earth, by its numerous Fibres or Strings; The Stalk is likewife generally (ingle, a Foot high, fquare, empty, branched, rough with ftifF Hairs. The Leaves grow upon the Stalk in Pairs, oppoflte to one another at diftances, fliap’d almoft like Nettle-Leaves, jagged round the Edges, hanging at Foot-ftalks half an Inch long, veiny, with Nerves flicking out on the back Side of the Leaves, in which they really refemble the Leaves of Hemp. The Flowers are ranged into thick Wherles upon the Tops of the Stalks and Branches, being crefted, and purplilh, and grow in Flower-Cups that are ftriped, and expanded, with Borders cut into five little (harp Prickles. To each Flower fucceed five Seeds joined together, pretty large, of a dark brown Colour, which quickly ri¬ pen, and immediately fall, upon the wither¬ ing of the Flowers. It flowers in Summer, and grows but too plentifully among the Corn. 3. Galeopfis procerior, caliculis aculeatis, floribus candidis. Pallet (linking SDeall* igettle, tmtl) p^tcklp Jflolmvcup, anh tBl)tf£ Jfloftiet^. Vrtica aculeata , foliis ferra- tis, floribus candidis. G. B. Pin. 232. 4. Galeopfis altera, caliculis aculeatis, flore flavefcente. knocker (linking SDeat^ettle, tmtft inicklv ^lotoer*Ctqig, ants a pur* pltfl) Rioter. Vrtica aculeata, foliis ferratis, altera. C. B. Pin. 232. Cannabis fylveftris , fpuria y tertia. Lob. Icon. 528. The Leaves of this, are much paler than the Leaves of the former : But the chief Dif¬ ference confifts in the Flowers, which are much larger, and of a yellowilh Colour. A large purple Spot, covers aimoft the whole Lip. This abounds among CornJ growing in cold and moift Grounds, vi%. In the moun¬ tainous Parc of Torl^fhire. The Plant defcribed by Varktnfon , agrees with this in the Colour of the Flowers, but differs in the Size. 5. Galeopfis anguftifolia, flore variegato. J^arrot^leab’ii (linking 2Deati*j£ettle, tottl) a ftartcijaten j?Iot»Cr. Cannabis fpuria, anguftifolia , variegato flore, Polonica , Barr. Icon. 6. Galeopfis patula fegetum, flore purpu¬ rafcente. 2E%e open etpanneti (linking 2Dea&*,$ettie, tmtlj a pttcpltll) iflotoer. Sideritis arvenfis , anguftifolia , rubra ♦ C. B. Pin. 233* Ladanum fegetum , flore rubro quorundam. ]. B. 3. 8$ 5 * Alyffum Galeni, flore purpureo.. Tabern. Icon. 541. This has a white ligpeous Root, fpreading Abundance of Fibres quite round. The Stalk is a Foot high, Angle, fquare, fomewhat hairy, purplilh, and branched. The Leaves ftand by Pairs upon fliort Foot-ftalks, over-againft one another, being narrow, oblong, of a dark green Colour, fomewhat hairy, ending in a Point, dented round the Edges, and are of a drying Tafte. The Flowers are ranged upon the Tops of the Stalks and little Branches, in Wherles, being crefted, oblong, of a purple Colour, with a Lip marked with two whitifli Spots, and a little within bedeck’d with little Spots tending to yellow, (landing in a (horr* open Flower-cup, divided into five Parts, the . Segments turning into little Prickles. With refped: to the Size of the Plant, the Flower is large and beautiful. It is to be met with every where plentifully among the Corn* It flowers from Midfummtr to Autumn . 7. Galeopfis patula fegetum, flore albo. $Dpen flunking tottl) a ttflute 5 ?l 0 tUCf. Ladanum fegetum flore albo quorun¬ dam. J. B. 3. Append. 835* 8. Galeopfis alpina, Beto-ucse folio, flore variegato. fountain (linking 2 Dean*jget* tie, tmtl) a ^etonp 3 ieaf, ann a uartecrateti JflOlttCr. Pfeudoftacbys Alpina . C.BJPin. 236. Salvia Alpina. Tabern. Icon. 372. 9. Galeopfis paluftris, Betonic# folio, flore variegato ^parfl) (linking ©eao^ettlr, tDttlj a Hftcfonp 5 leaf, ana a baricgateo JpIOtOer. Stachys paluftris fcetida • C* B. Pin. 236. Galeopfis anguftifolia fa tida, J. B. 3 App. 854 * 310 The Compleat Herbal . 854. Clymimim minus Dakchamfii. Lugd. 15 37 - Ciotmtt dlMxal* It has a jointed Root, creeping, uneven, and as it were ftrumous with Tumours and Knobs. T he Stalks are three or four Cubits high, fame what red, hairy, rough, fquare, empty, and produce Leaves in Pairs, opposite to one another, like the Leaves of the fpiked pur¬ ple Loofe-ftrife, narrow, pointed, hairy, fofr, except the readifli Rib on the back Side, jag¬ ged round the Edges, with the heavy Smell of Galeopfis , and of a bitterifh Tafte. The Flowers are fpiked, compofed of fundry Wherles, each of which is cowled, purpiilh, with a variegated Lip. In the Fiower-cup, ('which is fliorr, and cut into five (harp Seg¬ ments) there fucceed four black, clear, three- corner'd Seeds* It grows every where by River Sides, and in watery Places. Our Gsrarde having learnt the Efficacy of this Plant, in curing of Wounds, by the Ex¬ perience of a certain Reaper in Kjnt, who had feverely wounded his Leg with his reap¬ ing Hook, gives it wonderful Encomiums. He laid the bruifed Leaves with Hog’s-Lard upon green Wounds. Hence it had its Name of Panax colons . Herman fays, that a Syrup made of this Plant, is an excellent Remedy for Hoarfenefs. 10. Galeopfis, five Urtica iners, flore luteo. 3.323. Stinking ipettle, 0; ©eai^ Jgtttle, tMtlj n pellotu jflotoer. Lamium folio oblongoy luteum • C. B. Pin. 231. ZJrtica iners , tertia , five Lamium luteo flore . Dod. Pempt. 153. The Root, which is uneven, flioors down into the Earth many large Fibres. From thence arife long, fquare, feeble, hollow Stalks, cloathed with Leaves in Pairs, oppofite to one another at diftances, greener, longer and narrower than in the other Dead-Nettles, and Sanding upon long Foot-ftalks. The Flowers furround the Stalks at the Joints in Wherles, being yellow, lightly, with a large Hood hairy about the Borders, containing four whitifh Stamina or Threads, with their yellow Chives , and a two-horned purple Pointal coming out of the Centre of the Fiower-cup, in the Mid¬ dle of four Seeds joined together. The Lip of the Flower is divided into three Parts, the two lateral Ones being marked with purplifh Spots and Lines, and the middle Che with Saffron Spots and Stripes. 11. Galeopfis lutea, amplioribus foiiis ma- culatis. 3£eIlot» Sinking iBe&fc&ettr? ted) larger fpotiro Lezm. ' 12. Galeopfis annua Hifpanica, r mndiore folio. ^pamftj annual Sinking ©eao* £ettk, ted) a rounder 3 Uaf. odmaji rum valentinum . Cluf. Hift. 42. Mamibium ni¬ grum , rotundifolium . C- B. Pin. 230. I: grows a Foot high, with quadrangular Branches, covered over with Hair or Down. The Leaves are like the Leaves of the Ocimum medium in Shape and Size, and of an aftrin- gent Tafte. Round the Tops of the Branches come forth the Flowers, ranged in Order like the Flowers of Marrubium , and refembling thofe of the Ocimum or Bafil , in prickly Seed- veffels. The Seed is black, as in Marrubium or Hor e-hound* The Root refembles the Roots of Nettle or Arch-angel . Tho’ the Leaves of this Plant, fays Clufius] are furnilhed with many Veins, yet they ar^ much fofter thag the Leaves of Hore-hound % not quite fo thick, and have nothing of agree¬ able in their Smell. It grows in great Plenty about the Rivu¬ lets, drawn into the City of Valentia in Spain , from the River of Guadalquivir , or white Ri¬ ver, where Clufius obferved it in Flower and full of Seed, about the Beginning ®f April ; and never faw it any where elfe. 12. Galeopfis Hifpanica, frutefeens, Tea* crii folio. &pani(b feutrfeent Sinking ©eab^igetde, ted) a KmdBetmmt ILCaf. Teucrium regium , laHfolium , flore albo: H. R- Par. Lamio arboreo , perenne di Candia . Zan. 112. 13. Galeopfis cretica, frutefeens, villofa, Teucrii folio, ^fnttefeent, ijairp Sinking J&afcJ&ttl e of Canop, tuttlj a Street ©ermanbec &eaf. 14. Galeopfis orientals, Betonicae lute# fo¬ lio, floris labio fuperiori laciniato* ©dental Sinking ©eateij&ttie, toitb a pellctmffj SBetonp lleaf, anti die upper Hip of dje plotter jaggeo* 15. Galeopfis orientalis, faetidiflima, palu- ftris, folio oblongo. %\)t ntoS Sinking marfk ©eao^ettle, tmdj an oblong 2leaf* 16. Galeopfis orientalis, Lavandulse folio , caiyce viilofiffimc* ©Rental Sinkiug ©rat^ mu *> The Compleat Herbal. 3 11 den blue Paper; The whole Plant is vulne» jBettle, toiifj a hetp ljatn> jflotoet^cup. 17, Galeopfis orientalis,flore minimo, albo. SDnental tttnking SiEaD^cttle^ tottl) a uerp rrnall white iTIotoer. , It is called Galeopfis from the Greek Word, y A KYi , which fignifies a Cat, as if its Flower did reprefeni a Cat’s Face. Others would have it yetteoCf'oh®-, which fignifies Muftela fcetida , which Teems to be the true Derivation of ir. according to Pliny . d forum figura, Mu¬ ftela faciem (3 riftum quadantenus exprimente» Q 2 EaCi)P 0 , or ®afe is a Plant All the Species of Dead-Nettles, boiled in ^ with a labiated Flower of one fingle Leaf, Wine and drunk,_ do wonderfully cure all in- whofe upper Lip AB, is fomewhat arched rary and lenitive. TABLE LXXXVII. Fig.2. GENUS V. Stachys, ^afe 5>oic^ounti. ward Wounds, Hurts and Bruifes, and Falls, or the like; and are of Angular Efficacy for the Spleen, and the Difeafes incident to it: But above all, the Virtues of this Planr, are celebrated for the Hemeroids or Piles , when they are full of Pain, fwoln, and fain down : The Juice applied warm with Vinegar , both eafes the Pain and draweth forth the Blood; and ufed in the fame manner, cures Warts, and other fuch like Grumes , or hard Knots that grow in, or about the Fundament; as alfo all Manner of bard Swellings, as Wens , Warts , and Kernels, that grow in the Neck or Throat, or any other Part of the Body. It is Angularly commended for all Manner of filthy Vlcers, Gangrenes or Cancers , be they never To fiftulous. The Galeopfis procerior,feetida fpicata, which is the firft Species here deferibed, fmells of Bitumen or foetid Oil: It has an herby Tafte, fomewhat faltifh, aftringenr, and does not redden blue Paper, which makes us fuppofe that its Salt very much partakes of the acri¬ monious Salt, which is naturally in the Earth, which in this Plant, is wrapped up in Abun¬ dance of Sulphur and earthy Parts. It is vulnerary and very lenitive. There is an Oil made of it by Infufion, which is excellent for Burnings, and for Wounds in the tendinous Parts. In the Country they make ufe of the Infufion of its Leaves and Flowers for the Nephritick Cholick with Succefs, for ferofu- lous Tumours , and for a Pleurefu . You may prepare an Extradf of it to make ufe of in the Winter. The pth Species, which Cafalpinus calls Tertiola, the fame Author fays, cures a Tertian Ague . This Plant contains a Sal Armoniac , joined with Abundance of foetid Oil- Irs Leaves are bitter, ftinking, and do not red- and ereft, but the under Lip C D, is cut into three Segments, the middle being larger than the reft. Out of the Flower-cup F, rifes * the Pointal G, fixed into the hinder Part of the Flower E, like a Nail, and attended by four Embryo’s, which afterwards turn to fo many Seeds I, which are roundilh K, (hut up in the Husk H, which before was the Flower- cup, To this we may add the downy a*ui hoary Leaves, fuch as Diofcorides attributes t Pin . 236. %\)t opeatet (Bfetmau 55 afe Ijountl* Stachys Fuchftu J. B» 3. 3ip. Stachys Diofcoridis . Lob. Icon. 530. The lively Root of this Plant, is abundantly furnilhed in all Parts of it with Fibres.. Ic fends up feveral Stalks (oftentimes but one) a Cubit high, or fomewhat taller, fquare, hairy with a hoary Down, and full of fungous Pith, out of whole Joints come forth Leaves placed oppofite to one another, longer than the Leaves of Hore-hound, downy, foft, fnipped,or notch¬ ed round the Edges, of a drying Tafte, with¬ out any Manner of Acrimony. The Flowers from the Wings of the Leaves, furround the Tops of the Stalks in Wherles, as it were from a long Spike, being rough without, fmooth within, purplilh, very much refem- bling the Flowers of Arch-angel, with a Lip cut into three Segments, fomewhat fpotted, and a Hood variegated with a deep and faint Purple, ftanding in oblong hairy Flower- Cups. The Seed is round and blackilh* The Smell of the whole Plant is dull and unplea- fanr. It grows in rugged Places, upon Hills and Mountains. It is likewife to be met with in England 3 1 1 The Compleat Herbal. England, about iVrntney, a Village in Oxford - Ic has fcarce any Smell, and is full of a wa- /hire . It flowers in the Months of June and tery Juice. ifuly, and later in mountainous Piaces. 6. Stachys Canarienflsjfrmefcens, Verbafci 2. Stachys major, Germanica, flpre dilu- folic. CattJtrP fntt^Ccent &fe|& 0 ^hotmH tiore. 2 Dl}C ctrcater (Deeman SSafe Ificnc^ xcitl) a Mullein Ileaf. Stachys amplihmi) l) 0 tu% tMtl) a mo:e fatn^CDiCUr^ JrlOttM Verbafci folds, floribus albis, parvis, non galea - a\ tis, fpied Betonicat ex Infula Canarina. Pluk. 3. Srachys Cretica,latifolia. Hi^Call^eatfD Almag. Bor. Salvia fylveftris, ampliffmiis Ver- ®afe cf CflUfcP. hafei foliis, graveolens, flore albo , parvo, Cana - 4. Stachys Cretica. C. B. Pin* 236. Pfeudo- rienfis. Ejufd. Almag. Bor. & Phytog. Tab. flaebys Cretica . Ejufd. Prodr. 113. Ji^afe 322. Fig. 4. i^Oje^Ottnth 7« Stachys fpinofa Cretica. C. B. p/«. 236. ' Bafs Hore-bound of Candy, has feveral very JDjtC&lp 15 afei^ 0 ?t 4 ) 0 ttnli Of CatUJp. Gai- hoary fquare Stalks riling from a fmall woody darothymum . Profp. Alpin. Ex oc. 86 • Root, on which ate let two fmall, long, nar- This Plant is a Foot high, fpread over the row Leaves, at the Joints, encompafling the Ground in a Circle, abounding with nume- Sralks, without a®y Foor-ftalks, of a hoary rous Thorns or Prickles. The Leaves ate Aft-colour, fomewhat hairy and rough to the long, about the Bignefs of one’s Finger, fome- Touch; but thofe that grow at the Bottom of what narrow and without Prickles, encom- the Stalk are much longer, (landing upon pafiing the Stalks every where without Order, long Foot-ftalks, which together with the The Stalks are fquare, hoary like the Leaves, Leaf is a Palm in Length, rho’ hardly an Inch fo that the whole Plant looks of an Aft-colour* in Breadth, generally of little or no Smell at producing Branches on both Sides in the Form all; yet fome have been obferved fweeter of a Crofs, which end in Prickles, and are all than other of this Kind. The Flowers are divided again into other Branches, the Prickle fmall and purple, (landing in prickly Husks, which is in the Middle being always larger round the Stalks at feveral Diftances : After than the reft. It produces Flowers like thofe which comes the Seed, which is fmall, black- of Sage in Colour, Shape and Size, (landing ifh and round. in certain hairy Flower-cups, being joined 5. Stachys minor, Italica. C. B» Pin . 236. together in Threes and Fours, to which fuc- Stachys. Dod- Pempr. 9. %\)t fmallec ceed uneven black Seeds. Icis always green, It an 3 H 3 afe flowers in July, and the whole Plant is with- From a ligneous, perennial Root, life fun- out Smell. It has a ligneous Root, and great dry green, downy Leaves, lying along upon in Proportion to the Planr. the Ground, about three Inches long, two It grows in the Weftern Part of the Ifland Inches broad, either not at all, or only gent- in dry Places, betwixt Thyme and Thymbra. ly notched round the Edges, retaining their Clufius makes the Flowers to be like thofe of Greennefs during the Winter ; out of the Mid- the Teucrium Bceticum. die of which, rife feveral Stalks (fometimes £. Stachys fpinofa Cretica, flore albo. ^tclte but one) cloathed with like Leaves,only fome- Ip HBafe ©O^ljOttUU of Catl&p, lyttlj a what fmaller. The Flowers furround the fcrfjUe Stalks at the Joints, from the Middle up in 9. Stachys orientalis altiflima 8c fcetidifll- Wherles, being of a purplift Colour, and ma. 2 Dlje tailed anU Utoft fttn^tng OJtClte Handing in Flower* cups, fofeer than thofe of talUBafe I^Oje^jOttnU. Hore-bound , to which fucceed black Seeds. This Plant feems to be called Zrct^Js- by The Stalks grow narrower at Top by de- the Greeks , as if it bore Flowers ranged into grees, and turn into a Spike by the Wherles Spikes; which yet does not agree to the Plant approaching nearer. called by that Name. They fay it grows naturally in Italy in It differs from Hore-bound, with which it great Abundance : However when I travel- agrees in its Wherles and Hoarinefs, in its Big- led in Italy , and fearched for Plants very nefs and Strudure ; for it is taller and more carefully, I could never meet with it. Bay* upright, and has longer and (harper Flowers; but 1 The Compleat Herbal. 31 3 but you muft underftand the firft Species es¬ pecially, for the reft are referr’d hither upon the Account of their Analogy and Like- We rank this Plant amongft the wherled Plants not Spiked, notwithftanding the Sig¬ nification of its Name, becaufe its Wherles are not cloSe together, nor are the Leaves un¬ der them of a Shape different from the reft. Both Diofcorides and Galen Speaking of this kind of Hore-bound , called Stachys, Say that it is of a hot and fharp Quality, a little bit¬ ter, and in the third Degree of Heat, as they call it : And therefore the Deco&ion of it is ufeful to bring down Womens Courfes, and to bring away the After-birth, and that it caufes Abortion in Women ; It likewife pro¬ vokes Urine, if the Parts be fomented with the Deco&ion of it, or the Party fit over the warm Fumes. TABLE LXXXVIII. Fig. 1 . GENUS VL Cardiaca, is a Plant with a labiated dVL Flower of one Single Leaf, whofe up¬ per Lip A is imbricated (with Pieces laid one upon another, as it were Tiles) and much longer than the under Lip C, which is cut into three Parts. Out of the Flower-cup D, rifes the Pointal K, fixed into the hinder Part of the Flower B, like a Nail, attended as it were with four Embryos, which afterwards turn to So many angular Seeds E, filling up the whole Husk F, which before was the Flower-cup. The Species of this Plant are, 1. Cardiaca, J. B- 3. 320. ^OtberfcJO#. Dod> Tempt, 94. Lob . Icon, 516. Marrtibium Cardiaca diftum, forte I. Theophrajii. C. B. Pin. 230. It has a hard, fquare, brownifh, rough, ftrong Scalk, riling to be three or four Foot high at the leaft, fpreading into many Bran¬ ches, whereon grow Leaves on each Side with long Foot-ftalks, two at every Joinr, which are fomewhat broad and long, as it were rough or crumpled, with many great and tnanifeft Veins, of a dark green Colour, deeply dented round the Edges^ and almoft torn or divided. From the Middle of the Branches up to the Tops, which are very long and Small, grow the Flowers round them at Distances, in lharp-pointed, rough, hard Husks, which are more purple or red, than in any of the Baulrns, or in any of the Hore-hounds y but in the fame Manner and Form, and Roughnsfs, as in the Hore-hounds : After which come Small, round, blackilh Seeds in great Plenty. The Root fends forth a number of long Fibres or Strings accom¬ panied with Small ones, taking ftrong hold of the Earth, of a dark, yellowilh, or brown- ilh Colour, and does not perifti, but endures as the Hore-hound , nor is the Smell much dif¬ ferent from ir. The Leaves, as well thofe that come.frotn the Root, as thofe that grow upon the Stalks; ftand upon long Foot-ftalks, which is worth taking notice of. It grows in uncultivated, ruinous,and rough Places. 2. Cardiaca flore albo. WfyitttflOtyZt’b 3. Cardiaca Crifpa Raii. Hift. 572. Cttrlctl SlDotfjCCtDOlt. Cardiaca foliis elegant ercr if pi si Car. Hort. Oxon. 38* 4. Cardiaca orientalis, canefcens, Folio Ra¬ nunculi prarenfiSjflore purpureo, calyce molli. £D?tental Ijoarp a $pea* octo Crowfoot Heaf, a purple plotter., anh a foft jflo&e^cttp. 5. Cardiaca orientalis , canefcens, foliis Ranunculi pratenfis, flore aibo, calyce molli. £Djtental l)oan> ^ctfjertocrt, tmtft Sea* Horn CroU3foot*leaPe0, a tuljtte Jflcrfter, anu a foft jflofter^cup. I had a beautiful Species of Motherwort brought up from a Seed I received from Lon - don , with Leaves turned, winded, waved or curled round the Edges a thoufand Ways. It is commended by Some in the Ailments of the Heart, and is thought to be of lo much Efficacy, that it is reckoned ro have received its Name from thence. It warms* dries, attenuates, and difeufles ; and in a peculiar manner it cures the Diften- (ion of the Hypochondrcs, and the Heart-ake in Children (which they call affectum cardia - cum feu Cardialgiam.) The Powder of this Plant to the Quantity of a Spoonful drunk in Wine? is a wonderful S f yelp 3*4 The Compleat Herbal. Help to Women in bard Labour; as alfo for the Suffocations of' the Womb, cr Rifingsof the Mother; and from thefe EfFe&s ic is likely it took the Name of Motherwort with us* It like wife provokes Urine, and brings down Women’s Courfes, cleanfes the Cheft from cold Flegm opprefling it, and kills the Worms in the Belly. It is of good Ufe to warm and dry up cold Humours, to digeft and difperfe fuch as are fettled in the Veffels, Joints, and Sinews of the Body, and to cure Cramps and Convulfions, C 'Sc* The Decodlion of Motherwort , or the Pow¬ der of the dried Plant mixed with Sugar, and given for the Palpitation of the Heart, the Difeafes cf the Spleen, and the Fits of the Mother, is a Medicine of admirable Virtue and Efficacy. D. Bowie. It is ufed by Ferriers and Horfe-Dodlors with Succefs, in Difeafes of Cows and Hor- fes. TABLE LXXXVIII. Fig. 2. GENUS VII. Leonurus, Hifln’jS'tafl* T is a Plant with a labiated " Flower of one (ingle Leaf, whofe up¬ per Lip A is imbricated,and much longer than the under Lip, which is divided into three Segments. Out of the Flower-cup D, rifes the Pointal E, fixed like a Nail into the hinder Part of the Flower B, and attended as it were by four Embryo’s, which afeerwards turn to fo many Seeds G, which are oblong F, (hut up in a long and fiftulous Husk H, which before was the Flower cup* The Species of this Plant are, I. Leonurus perennis, Africanus, Sideriti- dis folio, flore Phceniceo, majorc Breyn. Vrcdr . p. perennial, African Uton^tall, Mil) an Sronlao^Ieaf, ant! a large ple^colouren jflolner* Leonurus Capitis Bonce fpei. Breyn. Gent. I. Cdrdieted Africana peren - foliis Sideritidis , floribns longijjtmisy phee- TticiiSy villojis • H* L* Bar. This moft beautiful Species of LamiumJ ,ays Breynius , hath a Stalk half a Yard high, fquare, but with blunt Angles, covered with abort and hoary Down j with Couples of narrow and hoary Leaves notched round the Edges, and adhering to the Stalk at long Di- ftances alternately, as in the common Ironwort , but longer : Out of whofe Bofoms come forth little Branches likewife fquare, cioath- ed with (mailer Leaves, and that from the Bottom of the Stalk, to almoft the copmoft Joints, which innumerable tender, ftriped little Bottles ending in fome Prickles, reft upon in wherles, with little Foot*ftalks ha* ving little Appendages after the manner of Hore bound towards the Bottom ; out of which appear crefted, fiftulous Flowers, not unlike the Flowers of Leimium in Shape, but much longer, and of an incomparable Beauty, be¬ twixt a golden and a molt fhining or flaming Purple-colour, and rough with a fofc Down, with a fmall Lip hanging down, and cut into three Segments, a very long Hood fringed with Hairs of a fhining crimfon Velvet-co¬ lour, which, before it breaks forth out of the Flower-cup, bends back like Leimium , and prefently rifes up like a Lions-tail; under which are bid feme very long Stamina or Threads that are tipp’d with fmall Chives 0 When the Flowers decay, they are fucceed- ed according to Guftom, by four Seeds in each Bottle. The Tafte of this Plant is bitter, the Smell aromatick, tho’ dull, efpecially in the lower Part of the Flower-cups, which give the fame Smell almoft as the Marum Matthioliy after having been gathered twelve Years. 2. Leonurus annuus Americanus, Nepeta? folio, flore phoeniceo, minore. Breyn * Prodr. Annual American lltort’^tatl, tint!; a j£ep Catmtnt4eaf, anti a fmall purple JflOlUer* Cardiaca Americana , annua Neprahce folio, floribus brevibus, fh&niceis, villojis. H. L. Bat. Ir rifes with an herby, whitifh, fquare, channelled, folid Stalk, above a Yard and an half high, and full of white Pith ; which is furrounded in the manner of Wherles, at long Diftances, by little Bottles leaning up¬ on one another in a numerous and clofe Se¬ ries, being fiftulous, quinquangular. ftriped, longer on the upper Side, bowing downwards from little fhort Foot-ftalks, and fomewhat hooked, with a pretty large Opening armed with feven foft Prickies, fix of them fhorrer, and one at Top longer and ftronger. Out of thefe come forth crefted Flowers, fcarce labiated, thrice as fhort and (lender, as the pre- /. The Comp leal Herbal. 315 precccding African one, hairy, of a purple Colour, being fucceeded by four oblong, corner’d, Jighr, brown Seeds, that are like- wife (hotter and narrower on the upper Parr. Ac eacli Joint, from the Bottom of the Stalk to the Top, grow Leaves in Couples alter¬ nately, jbppofite to one another, not much un¬ like the Leaves o f Ncp or Catmint, but larger, fomewhat hoary, (oft, and more dented round the Edges. The Root is ligneous, whitifli, fibrous,: and pretty ftrall, with refpedt to the "Sizeof jhe Plant. It grew up from a Seed brought from Surinam. 3. Leonurus Canadenfis, Origani folio. Canada lUon’&tail, tuttlj a £i5mnm* ICaf» Origanum fflulofum , Canadenfe. Cor- nar. 14. It grows up with fquare, roughifh and bran¬ chy Stalks, about half a Yard high ; with long Leaves refembling the Leaves of the Lyfimachia filiquofa, and of a high green Co¬ lour, which come forth from the very Bot¬ tom of the Stalk, all along to the Top, where ten or twelve of thefe IefTer Ones being ga¬ thered in a Circle, furround the Ball of the Flower, which refembles the Head of the Scabious (tho* it be broader and much flatter) and made up of a thoufand little Flower- cups, which fend forth many fmall Pipes ranged in Order, about half an Inch long, of a bright purple Colour, fplit into two on that Part where they gape, from whence ftand forth two or three i hreads with their Chives. It is prolifick, for the Stalk often mounts above the Flower, and being raifed three In¬ ches above the uppermoft Flower, itflourifhes with a new Globe of Flowers, with rbree fmall Leaves growing under it. The whole Plant, both Stalk and Leaves, is covered over with a hoary Down. It breathes a Smell, even when it is not rubb'd, like the Satureia UortenfiK The Tafte is very biting,and burns the Mouth like Lakeweed or Arfmart , except¬ ing the Roor, which is made up only of Fi¬ bres; for it is, I don’t know by wbac Dif- port of Nature, altogether inlipid and with¬ out Tafte. It flowers in July and Auguft. It is a Plane that lives many Years. Cornutus called it Ori¬ ganum Fiftulafum , becaufe the little Pipes of the Flowers are ranged together and formed, that they reprefent as it were a certain com¬ pact Pipe like Hemlock? Breynius called it Leonurus from two Greek Word, a ivy a Lion, and a Tail, as if he had faid a Lion s-t ail, tjPle lxxxix. GENUS VIII. Molucca, Molucca paulnt. Tyr^IDlucfa ffiaulnt XVL labiaced Flower is a Plant with a of onk Angle Leaf, whofe upper Lip A D, is hollow iike a Spoon* but the under Lip is cut into three Segments CF. Out of the Flower-cup GH, riles the Pokntal I fixed like a Nail into the hinder Part cf the Flower B, and attended as ic were by four Embryo’s, which afterwards turn to fo many Seeds K, which are angular L, and ftmt up in a BelMhap’d Husk M N, which before was the Flower-cup. The Species of this Plant are, T. Molucca Jaevis Dod. Pempt. 92. §bfltOfltfj Molucca Battltm Melijfa Mohiccana , odor at a* C. B. Pin. 229, Molucca J*B. 3. Parr. 2. 234. It has an upright Stalk, a Cubit and a half high and better; fmooth, reddilh, almoft fquare, pretty ftrong, containing but little Pith, Ipread out into many Branches, and thofe by Pairs oppolite to one another. The Leaves are roundilh, very deeply notched round the Edges, hanging by long Foct-ftalksJ like the Leaves of black Hcrebound , but not quite fo black, very fmooth and nervous. On the Stalk and Branches, from the Middle up to the Top, grow at Diftances large open Flower-cups, in the ftiape of Baskets, cuta¬ neous, nervous, ranged by fixes in Wherles,' which Contain little Flowers efftinking Dead-' nettle, of a whitilh Purple, with a hairy Flood, and Chives in the Middle, and are at Iaft fucceeded by triangular Seeds. But to cadi Wherle adhere two Leaves in Pairs, with a long Foot-ftaik intervening, and like thofe that grow lower. Ax the Place where the Foot* ftalks rife, ftart up fundry longifh Prickles. The Root is woody and fibrous. It is an an¬ nua! Plant, whofe Leaves are bitter, and Flower infipid. The Smell of this Plant is agreeable to me, K«y- Sf i 2 » Molucca 3i 6 the Com pie at Herbal. 2. Molucca fpinofa. Dod . Pempt. 92. Jdjick:* Ip Molucca HBattlnt* Melijfa Moluccana,fccti - da. C. B. Pin. 229. Molucca afperior fceiida • J. B. 3. Parc. 2. 235. The Leaves ftand upon long Foot-ftaiks, being almoft perfedHy round, jagged, 'ner¬ vous aod (linking. The Flowers break forth from Flower-cups, encomp2flIng cbe Stalk like Wherles at certain Diftances: But thefe Flower-cups are not fo open as in the for¬ mer Species, but are nervous, jagged, and their Jaws end in long, ftiff, and (harp Prickles. It is more tender than the former, nor does it fo eafily bring its Seed to Maturity. 3. Molucca fruricofa, Sicula. ^tCtltatt spolttcco SBaitlnb Melifja fruticofa , Sicula^ calyce amplo patulo , Raii Hift. 568* It rifes to a very great Height, with fee¬ ble, fquare and very branchy Stalks. The Bark of the old Branches is a(hy, and of the younger ones reddilh. The Leaves are in Shape like the Leaves of the Melina vulgar#, or common Baulm, but much fmaller, dent¬ ed round the Edges in the fame manner, and retting upon pretty long Foot-ftalks. The Flowers are cowled, white, with a gentle Tindlure of Red, and (potted Lips. The Flower-cups, which are like wife the Seed- velfels, are like thofe of the preceeding Spe¬ cies, large, open, (haped like a Basket, but letter, and cut round the Edges into five Jaggs, two of them below, and three above. The Seeds are like thofe of the former Species* The Smell of the Plant is ungrateful. I found this Plant in Sicily , about Mejjina , and in an Ifle near the Promontorio Longobar- do , and its Stalks appear’d as if they con¬ tinued a whole Year. Hitherto we have lookt upon it as a Plant not deferibed. ' It a- grees with the Molucca in large open Flow¬ er-cups, almoft in the Shape of a Funnel* Ray- - To this Plant may be reduc’d the Lamium frtiticojum non maculatum Creticum of Z*- nom. The Vertues of this Plant, are not yet deferibed, becaufe they have not been ex¬ perienc’d by any Pbyfician or Herbalift* TABLE XC. Fig. 1. GENUS IX. Pfeudodittamnus, Ti5affattHJl't» tanp. T> 0 {far^ 3 Httanp is a Plant with a labiated Flower of one fiogle Leaf, whole up¬ per Lip A is arched, and generally cut into two Segments, but the under Lip is cut into three Segments. Out of the Funnel-ftap’d Flower-cup DE, rifes the Pointai F, fixed like a Nail into the hinder Part of the Flower B, and attended as it were by four Embryo’s, which afterwards turn to fo many Seeds G, which are oblong H, (hutup in a Husk DE, (haped like a Funnel, which before was the Flower-cup. The Species of this Plant are, 1. Pfeudoditfhmnus acetabulis Molucca?. C. b. pin. 222. ffialfarn^m'ttaup tottl) tfje jpatt 0 J IgolIoDJ Of Molucca HBattlm. Dittamno fa[- fo di Cerigo y overo dittamno 2 di Teofrafto. Pon. Bald. leal. 25. Ic rifes with many hoary, fquare Stalks, to the Height of a Foot or bet¬ ter, with Leaves larger and longer thaff the Leaves of the Pfeudodiftamus verticillatusj from whofe Wings, towards the Tops of the Stalks, come forth hoary Flower-cups, like thofe of Molucca Baulm , but fmaller and (horter, out of which peep Fiowersofa Colour mixed of White and Red. The Root fpreads many Fibres. The Smell of this Plant is not unpleafant; it bears the Winter Colds. I cultivated this very Plant, or certainly one very like it, in my little Garden at Cam¬ bridge , with Leaves very much like the Leaves of the Pfcudodiftamnus in Shape, but larger, fofter, more hairy, but lefs hoary. The Flower-cups were large and open ; but much fmaller than the Aatabula of the Moluccoy hairy likewife and channelled. Ray* Sir George iVbeeler alfo found it in the Ifland Cithraa, now called Cerigo, and def- cribes it pretty exa&ly. Voyag. B. j. pag . 49. 2 . Pfeudodi&amnus Hifpanicus,foliis crilpis & rugofis. g>pantfb tottl; curies ana fcoiinkleu Ileaties. Manubium Dftamni Spuriis folits & facie t Par. Bat .Pfcu- dodiftamnum • I - - ;v ** '( The Compleat Herbal. 317 dodiftatnnum nigro] rotundb , crifpo folic • Bocc. Muf* part 2. 152. Tab. 129. From a fingle Root fending forth fundry Fibres rile many Stalks a Foot high, bran¬ ched, fquare, and downy, on which are fet, at each Joint, Leaves in bignefs like the Pfeu- dodiSlamnus acetabulis Molucca* C. B, but in their Appearance and Structure, like the Mar- ruhium Album , but fmaller, more notched and rounder. The Joints of the Stalks are begirt in a manifold Series in the manner of Wherles, by acetabula joined clofe together, fupported by (hort, or no Foot-ftalks, lefler than the Pfeudodittamnus , expanded, wrink¬ led, and notched round the Edges. Out of each of thefe rifes a fiftulous Flower, crefted and labiated, with moft beautiful purple Lines drawn in the infide, without of a palifh red, conlifting of a Hood parted in two, erecft, with a downy Chive, and a Lip cut into three Lobes. It bears angular, brownilh Seeds, by fours in each Flower-cup. 3. Pfeudodi&amnus Hifpanicus, ampliffi- mo folio candicante Sc villofo. SIJH* (tarbvhtttanp, tmtf) a m? large lioarp atUl IjattV Leaf. Marrubium album, rot undi¬ folium, Hifpanicumi Par. Bat* Manubium fu- brotundo folio . Bocc. Muf. Part. 2. 167. Mar¬ rubium Hifpanicum rotundifolium, album , ma- jus , feu latifolium Ejufd- Tab. 122. It looks fo like the Ocimaftrum valentinum Clufiiy that many have taken it for the fame ; but it rifes higher with fquare Stalks, of a whitifh green Colour, the uppermoft Leaves are of a deeper Green, and hang * by long Foot-ftalks, not quite fo round, and ending in a moderate blunt Point. The Flower- cups, out of which come the Flowers, are expanded into ten CreafTes, and as many Chives in the Form of Stars. There are ma¬ ny Flowers ranged in Wherles from the Bot¬ tom to the Top at Diftances, whofe upper Part or Hood is divided into three Parts, and turns backwards, being fomewhat downy to¬ wards the outmoft Borders, white ail over, with two bloody Lines drawn lengthwife on the Infide. The Lip isTplit in two,* auricu- lated, whitifh, and beautifully mark’d with Spots, variegated with white and red Lines. The Hood in its riling is accompanied by fe- veral thick, ft iff, pale-red Stamina without Chives. Nextfucceed angular, brown Seeds, by two’s, threes, but rarely by fours in the fame Seed-veffel, [Without all doubt four Seeds naturally fucceed to one Flower.] The Smell and Tafte are as in the other Hore- s bounds. As to the Difpofitjon of the Wherles, and the little Bottles,ending in ten fharp Points, it agrees with the Marrubium vulgare album « C. B. 4. Pfeudcdi&amnus Hifpanicus, ampliflx- mo folio nigricante, Sc villofo. ^patuftj IIBaffatfcSUtanv, tmt!) abtep large blacks iff) antJ fjatrp Leaf. Pfeudodiftamnum feu Marrubium nigrum , Siculum, Galeopfidi An - guillara refpondens . Bocc. Muf* Part. 2. Tab. 114. 5. Pfeudodi&amnus Hifpanicus, Scropbu- lariae folio, ^pamfl) )Baff ar^&tttaitp, tJ3t£l) a jflgtDOIlt^eaf* Galeopfis Ang. 27 8* Qaleopfis Auguillara , five BfeudodiPtamnum nigrum , Si* culum. Bocc. Muf. Part 2.151* 6. Pfeudodi&amnus verticillatus, inodo- rus* c. b. Pin. 222. Mff)crlen ffiaftart^iuc; tanp bttfbffttt ^ttteH. Dittamnum adulteri - num quibufdam verticillatum , vel potius Gna - phalium veterum. ]. B. 3. Part 2» 255. Pfeu~ dodiftamnum. Dod. Pemp. 281* This is the BfeudodiElamnus of Gerarde and Parkfinfon* This B aft ard- dittany, fays, Parkin fan, is much higher than the Ditlamnns Greticus ; the Branches are a Foot and a half long ma¬ ny times, continues he, as I have obferved in my own Garden, whereon are fet fuch like hoary and green Leaves, as the true has, but neither fo thick to the Touch, nor fo thick- fecon the Branches, but more fcattered, yet two always grow together, one againft ano¬ ther : From the Middle of thefe Branches to the Tops, come forth the Flowers encompaf- fing the Stalks at the Joints, with Leaves which are gaping like the former, as in Pen - ny-rcjal , Mint , Calamint , and feveral other fuch like Herbs, of a faint purpiilh Colour, fhanding in boary Husks, after which come the Seeds, which are larger and blacker than the former • the Root is not fo black, but harder and more woody, fhooting down deep into the Ground, with feveral Sprays fpreading from it. This Herb is fomewhat hot and lharp, but not by half fo much as the former, vi%. the Diftamnus Creticus. It endures with us in our Gardens, if the Win¬ ter be not too violent cold and long, or if fome Care be taken of it: It grows very . well 318 The Compleat Herbal. well alfo from Slips thruft into the Ground about the Middle of Aprils and a little de¬ fended from the Heat of the Sun, for fame t'me after it is planted, and new and then watered in the mean while. 7. Pleudodi&amnus Ajpinus, verticillarus, minor, lb l{. Par. ®]jerIC 3 ftiiaHCC 15 a; ftacr>;titttanp of ffje Sip. 8 . Pfeudodicftamnus Africanus,Hedera; rer- reftris folio, olden. African 15 aSarn;imta; np, toiilj a CjouuiMpp 3 Uaf. 9 * Pfeudodidtemnus onentaiis, foliis cir- cinarif. flD&fental l&affar$;&ittanp 5 tnitij 3icatiC0 eractlp cmtniJ. It is called Pfcudodiclamnus , which is as much as to fay, falfe Dittany , bccaufe it re- fembles the DiBamnw Creticus in its whitilh and roundifh Leaves. As it agrees with Hore-hcund in Appearance and Structure, folikewife in Virtues; which (hall be explained afterwards when we come to treat of that Plant. But I muft not pafs over in Silence, what Pliny fays of the fixth Species here deferibed ; which is, that it brings down Women’s Cour- fes, and is fa effedual to expel the dead Foe¬ tus, that it is dangerous to bring it into a Room where there is a Woman with Child* TJBLEXC. Fig. 2. GENUS X. Mentha, ‘Y/TJlttt is a Plant with a labiated Flower of one (ingle Leaf, whofe upper Lip A is arched ; but the under Lip B is divided into three Parts; but both of them are fo cut, that at firft Sight the Flower feems to be cut into four Segments, according ro the Obfer- vation of the celebrated Zvlr. pay. Out of the Flower-cup D, rifes the Pointal E, fixed like a Nail into the hinder Part of the Flower C, and attended as it were by four Embryos, which afterwards turn to fo many Seeds F, lliuc up in a Husk that was before the Flow¬ er-cup. The Species of Mint are, T. Mentha Svlveftris, rotundiore folio. C. B. pin. 227. Wtl&nunt, toitlj a ramn lleaf. Month aftruni folio tngofo^ rotundiore, fponta * neum.flore fpicato, odore gravi. j. B. 3, Parr, 2'. 219* feoiffctmttt, 01 rottnu^Xeab b ^iuw 7 mint. It Tends up quadrangular and hairy Stalks, half a Yard high; the Leaves growing at Di- ftances are eight Inches long [they are not fo long] above a third or fourth Part broader than an Inch, wrinkled, aud covered ever with Down. It produces lictle Branches a- bove the Middle cut of the Bofoms of the Leaves, with a vaft Number of Flowers both in the Spring, and in the Summer, being of a whitilh Red and gaping, retting upon dented Flower-cups, and by their Pofition refembling a certain Spike; to which fucceeds a fmaii black Seed. It (lands upon a fibrous Root with many Sprays fpreading from ir, peren¬ nial, and fpreading lateral Tendrels upon the Ground in order to propagate. At is bit¬ ter, biting, and aftringent to the Tafte; and it has a heavy and biting Smell, much more difagreeabletban that of the Garden Mint . I have obferved it growing wild in great plenty in a Meadow, in a watery Place, near Faupbourn-Hall in Ejftx ; by a River-fide near Lydbrook Village, not far from the Town of BjrjJe in Hereford-foire, and elfewhere. It grows wild likewife in many Parrs of France and Germany, and generally loves Water. Kv- 2. Mentha Sylveftris, rotundiore folio, pur- pureo flore. Bot. Monfp * MtU>;ttttnt, llritfj a mutts ilcaf, anti a purple iflotoec. 3. Mentha hortenlis, verticillata, Ocimi odore. C. B. pin . 227. ©ar&en 4 »!jcrlet^ mint, fmelltnc$ like fmeetBaffL Mentha verticillata , minor , acuta , non crifpa , odore Ocimi. ]. B* 3. Parr. 2. 216. Mentha quart a. Dod. Pempt. 95. It is not fo hairy as the Mentha arvenfis ver - ticiilata ; nay, it is covered with fo Ihort a Down, that to one who does not look at it carefully, it may appear perfectly fmooth. Its very creeping Root is common to it with the other Species* The Stalks which are fquare, ftiffand reddifh, rife half a Yard high. The Leaves are at firft like the Ocimum me - dium ; fuch as are uppermoft upon the Stalk are longer, (harper, and of a deeper Green than the Leaves of the Calamintha aquatica , cut into longer and (harper Teeth, fa thatrhey nearly referable the Leaves of the Mentha pom ana* The Wheries of the Flowers con- fiffc The Compleat Herbal. 31 ? fift of Bunches of Flowers retting upon one common oblong Foot-ftalk fpringing out of the Wings of the Leaves, by which it differs from the fai dCalamintha, whofe Flowers fit in the very Wings of the Leaves. The Colour of the Flowers in this, is paler than in that, the Tubes or Pipes are longer, and the Size, when the Flowers are open’d, keeps a Middle betwixt the fmaller and greater of that. There are four Staminula or fmall Threads in each Flower, and a Pointal lon¬ ger than in the other. . _~ The manifeft Difference in the very delici¬ ous Smell of fweet Bafil> and in the Tafte of Baulm , do eafily diftinguilh this from the other Specie? of Mint. I have often feen it without Gardens, but cannot fay whether it grew there wild, or from theRubbifti of the Gardens. %ay. 4. Mentha crifpa, verticillata, C. B. Pin. 227. Mentha, crifpa^ verticillata rotundiore fo¬ lio. T. B- 3. Part. 2. 215. Mentha prima. Dod. Pempt. 95. The creeping Root of this is common to the reft ; as alfo the fquare Stalks, which in this are above a Yard high, ftiflf, upright, purplifti near the Root, rough, and hollow with many Wings. From the Joints of the Stalks and Branches fpring forth fweetTmel- ling, deep-green, roundifh, rugged, curled Leaves, jagged round the Edges, fmootb, or very little rough : The Flowers come out of the Wings of the Leaves, like thofe of Pen - tty-royal , of a faint blue Colour. 5. Mentha rorundifolia crifpa, fpicata. C.B • Pin. 227. !^otmn 4 ca^r!,cttrfe 3 ,fptkc 5 ©tut. Mentha fpicata t rotundifolia , crifpa. J. B. 3. Part. 2. 218. Mentha alter. Dod. Pempt. 95. The Make or Appearance of this round* leav’d, curled and fpiked Species, is iike tlje wherled One : It has creeping Roots propa¬ gating themfelves; the Stalks are fquare, rough, and reddiffi towards the Bottom. The Leaves grow in Pairs, over againft one ano¬ ther, being curled, rugged, hardly rough, notched round the Edges, fmootb, or at leaft but very little rough, and very like the wherled Species both in Smell and Tafte. But the Pofition of the Flowers is widely oifferent, tho’ the fingle Flowers have the fame Colour and Appearance ; for they are , ranged into Spikes an Inch,or two Inches long. Both this and the former are unknown to us. T{ay. The Defcription Is owing to J.Bauhinm. 6 . Mentha crifpa, Danica aut Germanics, fpeciofa. Park. The at. 32. %i)Z JjaUbfOUt, cttrlen, SDamtfj 03 dDeicman ©int. This gay Mint creeps with its Roots as the others do, having feveral high Stalks ri¬ ling from them, which quickly divide them¬ felves into Branches with two Leaves at eve¬ ry Joint, fomewhat broad and large, but more deeply cut in at the Edges, and as it were curled or crumpled together, efpecial- ly the lower Leaves; for thofe that rife up with the Stalk, are not fo much torn or cut in on the Edges, but are a little deeper dent¬ ed than the former. The Flowers ftand in fomewhat larger and rounder fpikey Heads than the other, of a pale purplifti Colour : The Smell of them is pleafanr, but not fo quick or hot as fome of the former. 7. Mentha rotundifolia, fpicata , altera* c. b. pin. 227. 3notI;es mmMfab’a, fpt^ ©iitf. Menthaftrum fpicatum , c ultum % folio rotundiore , rugcfo. J. B. 3. Part. 2.218- Sifymbria , Mentha agreftis. Lob. Icon. 508. This is the Mentafirum hortenfe five Mentha Sylve~ flris of Parlfinfon » ©anUtCD iBOjf^mtnt. The wild Mint, which is cultivated in Gardens, has creeping Roots as the other Mints have, and fquare Stalks, which are hoary, and fomewhat hairy, whereon are fet larger and rounder Leaves than in the for¬ mer, of an hoary white Colour, covered as it were with Down. The Flowers ftand at the Tops of the Branches, in longer and more {lender fpikey Heads than any of the former, and are of a pale purplifti Colour $ the Smell is more ftrong, full and heady, but nothing fo pleafant as the others. Of this Kind are the parti-coloured Mints which are kept in Gardens, having fundry Leaves parted. White and Green, fome more, and fome lefs than others. 8* Mentha rotundifolia, paluftris feu aqua- tica, major. C. B. Pin. 227. Mentha aquatica five Syfimbrium. ]. B. 3. Parr. 223. Syfimlri - um. Dod. Pempt. 97. Wafer^UtUtt. It loves a moift Soil, and has a creeping Root with many Fibres at it, from whence it fends up feveral fquare, rough, {lender Stalks, either hollow within, or full of fun¬ gous Pith. The Leaves grow in Pairs at the Joints, (which are not many.) like the Leaves of the Mentha crifpa verticillata , but not at 520 Ihe Compleat Herbal. all curled, although like them, they are notch¬ ed. round the Edges, fticking to fhorc Foot- ftalks> with a ftrong Smell of Penny-royal, of a blackifli red Colour, and very often green- The Flowers are ranged on the Tops of the Stalks, .into pretty thick and roundilh Heads, below which there is generally one Wherle of Flowers, composed of two little Balls of Flowers, each of which comes out of the Wings of the Leaves upon one com¬ mon Foot-ftalk. Thefe fame Flowers are of a light purple Colour, being cut into four Lappets, the uppermoft of which, that takes up the Place of the Hood or Creft, is cut in two, with four little Threads peeping our, of the fame Colour with the Flower, and tipp’d with deep red Chives. It grows up every where by River fides^ and in marlhy Places. The Leaves of this Plant are biting, bit¬ ter, aromatick, and make but a very fmall Impreflion upon blue Paper. There is a vo¬ latile oily Salt in this Plant, which is very Aromatick, Stomachick, and Diuretical; and the Leaves of it may be ufed like the Leaves of Tea. 9. Mentha rotundifolia paluftris feu aqua- tica, major, folio variegato. gtC&tet roimteaD’h 02 Watertent, tel) a bartepten &eaf. 10. Mentha arvenfis, verticillata^ hirfuta. J-B. 3. Parr. *2. 217. Calamintha arvenjis , verticillata . C« B. Pin. 22 9. Calamintk. arvenfis* i Tabern. Jeon. 352. This Field-mint fends Forth feveral fquare, hoary Stalks, full of Joints, and two fmall and almoft round hoary Leaves fet thereat up to the Tops, fomewhat like the Leaves of Penny-royal , of a quick and lharp, yet fweec Smell, like that alfo. Towards the Tops of rhe Stalks and Branches ftand with the Leaves many purplifli Flowers, feveral fet in a Wherle or Coroner. The Root is fmall, and endures long, not perilhing after Seed-time. I have obferved two Species or Varieties of this A dint, one with larger Flowers, fur- nilhed with four Stamina within, with their Chives befides the Pointal; the orher with fmaller Flowers, and without any Stamina or Threads appearing. Ray, It grows in moift Places, and where the Water had ftagnated during the Winter. Ic Flowers after Midfummer • 11. Mentha arvenfis, vertieilhta, folio ro- tundiore, odore aromatico- D. vernen , Raii Synopf. 123. Wljerleti tel) a rouniier Jlcaf, pairing an arentattek 12. Mentha fpicata folio variegato. C. B. Pin, 227. §>ptke& 3 pint, telj a banep^ fffc EUaf. Menthajirum fpicatum , folio crif- po , rotundiore» colore partim albo , partim cU nereo vel virente. J. B. 3. Part. 2. 219. Nature fports wonderfully in the Leaves of this Plant ; for fometimes they are all White, fometimes they languilh from a White to an herby Colour; fometimes one half of them is White, the other Green, and fometimes they are varioufly fpotted with both White and Green. It is very frequent in Gardens, and I nurs’d it up at Cambridge. Ray. 13. Menthaanguftifolia fpicata. C.B.Pinl 227. iBanroteeatfn fptken $ptnt. Mentha tertia Dod. Pempr. This is the Mentha Ro» mana of Gerarde , and the Mentha Romana an - guftifolia, five Cardiacaoi Parkjnfon* £$J3CaL* mint, n tymmint. It fpreads it felf far and wide by the creep¬ ing of the Fibres hanging at its Roots, as the other Species do; and has reddilh, fquare Stalks a Yard high ; from whofe Knots at certain Diftances come forth Pairs of Bran¬ ches oppofite to one another, fo that the Po- fition of the upper, with Refpedt to the un¬ der Branch, is always in the Form of a CrofsJ fuch as is alfo the alternate Order of the Leaves, as well on the Stalks as on the Bran¬ ches. [This Pofition of the Leaves is com¬ mon to all wherled Plants, tho* it is not fo manifeft and obvious to the Sight in moft of them.] They are oblong, fliarp, dark-green, not at all hairy, and notched round the Edg¬ es. The Wherles of the very fmall whitilh Flowers, which are marked with little red¬ dilh Spots, form a Spike in a long Series. 14. Mentha angultifolia, Spicata, glabra^ folio rugofiore, odore graviore. Rati Synopfi 123. jganroteeaifti, fptkfh, Cmoatlj telj a rnoje fc^tnklen lleaf, ana a IjeabtV er 15. Mentha Sylveftris, longioribus, nigrio- ribus. Sc minus incanis foliis. C. B.Pim 227. Mentha Spicata , folio longiore, acuto , giabro , nigriori. 7 'he CoMpleat Herbal. 321 w Igrioru ],.B. ?. Parr. 2.22C. Mentb:fiwm Campenfe £3 Tyitvolenfe Lobehi. Lugd. 07F jMto^mtnt, tontlj lunger, blacker, ans lefs boarp ^eatoes. This Species is very like the Menthaflrum vulgare rotundifolium , but the Leaves are blacker, longer, not To hoary and hairy. The Flower is likewife fpiked. It grows in Friefland near Campen and Zwollem . ; . . 16. Mentha Spicis brevioribus & habitiori- bus, foliis Menthae fufcae, fapore fervido Pipe- ris. i{aii syuop. 124. e^tnttoottb filter anrr firmer tontb tbe 3lcatoes of mn* tlja fttica, ano tlje burning 2Eaae of per. 17. Mentha fylveftris longiore folio. C.B. Vin . 227. Moon^mint tomb a long 2leaf. Menthaflrum fpicatum , /0/10 longiore, candi - cvwe. ]. B. 3.Part. 2.221. Meritbaftrum.Dod. Pempt. 96. It is two Cubits or a Yard high, and fome- times higher; having jointed, creeping, fi¬ brous Roots. The Stalks are fquare, and all over hairy; at whofe Joints are fet oblong, (harp-pointed Leaves, notched round the Ed¬ ges, hoary with a foft Down, but more fo on the under, than on the upper Side, of a pret¬ ty agreeable Smell, not near fo quick as the Mentha fativa Jpicata aut verticilUta, of a like Tafte, but fomewhat milder. The Flow¬ ers are of a white palifii Red. I found this Plant in a Meadow near Flo¬ rence, My very good Friend Dr. Martin Li¬ fter, found it at a little Rivulet called Bur- wed in Lincoln [hire. I done remember to have gone into any Province, fays Cluftus , in which I have not feen the Mentha fylveftris, five Mentaftrum , growing wild near Water, or in marfliy Places. Farlftnfon either does not mention this, or has confounded it with Mentaftrum vulgare folio rotundiore, l{ay, 18. Mentha paluftris, folio oblongo. C.P. pin. 128- epatiymtnt, tomb an oblong 3 Uaf. Menthaftri aquatici genus hirfutum, fpica latiore . J. B. 3. Part. 2• 222. Calamintba tertia Diofcoridis,Mtntkaftrifolia aquatica hcer- futa. Lob. Icon. *>10. This wild Mint has rough fquare Stalks, two or three Cubits high : The Leaves are likethofe of the Mentha fpicatafclio acuto , or like thole of the Mentaftrum album, ob¬ long, notched, hoary underneath with much Down, but !e(s than the Mentaftrum vulgare rotundiore folio , of a very biting Tafte, and burning Satell, almoft like the Syfimbrium , or the Mentha aquatica rubra , The Top of the Stalks is divided into three Parts, and bears as it were as many broadifli Spikes, and nor narrow as in the fpiked Mints and Msnta- ftrums , not much above an Inch long, in which are purplilh Flowers, cut into five Segments, landing in channelled, reddifii Flower-cups, that are fplic into five Prickles. It has a creeping Root. 19. Mentha aquatica feu Pulegium vulga¬ re. Wafermttnt 02 common JBennyropaL Pulegium latifolium . C. B. Pin. 222. Pulegi¬ um. J.B. 3. Part. 2. 256. Dod. Pempt. 282. This Water-mint or common Penny-royal, has many weak round Stalks, divided into feveral Branches, rather leaning or lying on the Ground, than (landing upright, whereon are fet at feveral Joints, fmall, roundilb, dark green Leaves. The Flowers of thofe that grow in Gardens are generally purplilh, but thofe that grow wild are fometimes white, or more white than purple, fet in Rundles or Wherles round the Tops of the Branches. The Stalks (hoot forth fmall Fibres cr RootSj at the Points as they lie upon the Ground,faft- ning tbemfelves therein quickly, and over- fpreading any Ground, efpecially growing in a Shade or any moift Place ,* and is propaga¬ ted by breaking the fprouted Stalks, and thruftingthem into the Earth. Farkinfon mentions a greater Species of this Plant, which differs no otherwife from the Plant now described, but in its Size, and in its more upright Stalks. He fays it is to be met with on the Sides of the High-way in Ejfex, more frequently than elfewhere ; but tho* I was an Inhabitant of EJfjx, I could never yet fee it either wild or cultivated* 20. Mentha aquatica, feu Pulegium vul¬ gare, flore aibo. wmmtrnint, oj common Pennyroyal toutlj a torime jHotoer. Pule¬ gium latifolium , flore a/bo. H. R. Par. 21. Mentha aquatica, Pulegium mas ditfla. OTater^mtnt calico epale oj wptfctbt pen^ nyroyal, Pulegium latifolium, alter urn- C. B, Pin. 222. Pulegium masPlinii . J. 3. Part. 2. 257. Lob. Icon. 501. This Water-mint or Penny-royal grows with more upright Stalks than the Pulegium denfis T t fur cults. 3^2 The Compleat Herbal. furcttlu , and fometftnes a Foot higher alfo, having Leaves fet by Couples upon theScalks like it, and in feme Places orher fmaller Leaves Iikewife growing with them. The Flowers Iikewife grow in Rundlesor Wherles round the Stalks at fevcral joints, but are wholly white, and fo remain being planted in Gardens; the Smell and Tafte altogether like the other. The Roots iikewife creep un¬ der Ground like the former. A fatthiolus obferved it on the Sides of the Fields in the Road between Hivoto and Tan- rino . Sir George Wheeler obferved it in the Ilhnd of Corfou , or one very like it, with an upright Stalk, a broad hoary or hairy Leaf; which however feems to be different from that of Mattbiolui . 21. Mentha aquatica, tomentofa, mini¬ ma. fmaHeft flacky OTatrr^ntutf. Pu¬ iegium lomentofum, minimum * Boc. Rarior. Planr. 40. This differs in nothing from the common Penny royal, but in its Smalinefs, and in its longer downy Leaves: For this little Plant do’s not rife half a Palm high. Boccone found it in the Meadows near Cor- leone in Sicily . 23. Mentha aquatica, Satureise folio. tttmint, trndj a Leaf. Puiegium angufligolium. C. B. Pin. 222. Puiegium Cer- vinum , anguftifolium . J. B. 3. Part. 2* 257 * Puiegium MaJJilioticum . Tabern. Icon. 356. l^art^enny^royaL It produces taper, flender, reddifh, jointed Stalks above a Foot high, and tolerably up¬ right. The Leaves are like the Leaves of Savory , fometimes a little dented, of a quick Smell like the common Penny-royal , and of a hot biting Tafte. The wherled Balls of Flowers rife at the Knots under the Tops of the flender Stalks, being of a faint blew Co¬ lour, each of which is compofed of four Leaves, out of which fhoot forth Stamina or Threads of the fame Colour with the Flow¬ ers. The full grown Root, which is ligne¬ ous, and abounds with many whitifh tender Sprouts or Shoots like the Roots of Gratiola , fends forth wandering Fibies along the Sur¬ face of the Earth. I firft obferved this Plant upon the River To, near the old Roman Bridge called Santo Spirito, and afterwards in the moifter Grounds about Montpelier. Ray, , Label fays, that the King’s Phyfidans; and the Profeflbrs of Montpelier ordered the Apo- thecaries to make ufe of this Species prefera¬ bly to the common Penny-royal , becaufe they faid, it had more powerful Virtues, and a more agreeable Tafte and Smell than it. 24. Mentha aquatica, Satureiae folio, flore aibo. Watmmtnt tnttl) a £>ako$ Leaf, atlU a ttlinte jplotuer. Puiegium anguftifoli¬ um , flore alho . H. R. Par. 25. Mentha Cretica, aquatica, foliis lon- gioribus 6c crifpis. Wlmumiwt Cf Can&P, fcritlj long anti curies Leaker It is paft: all doubt, that Mentha comes from the Greeks word which they de¬ rive from Mjpud-eii', becaufe it reftrains Wo¬ men’s Courfes, or becaufe much eating of it dimilhes and waftes the Seed. The Poets acquaint us in their Fables, that Miniha the Concubine or Miftrefs of Pluto , was transformed imo Garden-mint by Profir - pine , (as it is common for all Wives to bear an irreconciiea bleHatred to Miftrefles which is an eternal Monument of a Woman in an eternal Plant. Which Word the Romans li¬ king better, becaufe the Memory of a Girl, who was ill us’d upon account of Love, was thereby preferred, by changing one or two Letters, made their Mentha from the Greeks Min tie. Mar cdlus virg. Dalechampius fays, that M iv&n is named by the Greeks «wr© pLivd-v from the Stink of Dung by way of Antiphrafls , becaufe it do’s not ftink- But Vojflus very juftly explodes and reje£ls thofe Etymologies by Antiphrafis. Some expound to be that Down or mofly Hair which covers almoft all moift and rotten Things that are expofed to the open Air, fuch as we fee upon Dunghills, and other fuch nafty Places. Nor is the tender Hairi- nefs which is to be feen upon wild Mint, but efpecially the Calamint , much unlike this. The principal Ufe of Mint is in the Weak¬ ness and Crudity of the Stomach, in a Hick- up, Vomiting, Flatus’s, burning Heat, Ob- ftru&ion of the Liver, Griping of the Guts, and Giddinefs of the Head. The Garden-mints are moft generally made ufe of in Phyfick, efpecially the 13^ Species here deferibed. It effectually ft ops the ex¬ cels of the Menflrua in Women, and cures the Whites. Being applied externally, it takes The Compleat Herbal. takes away the Harctoefc of the Breads, and the curdling of the Milk, and cures Head- akes. Schrod. . ,. The Leaves of Mint fteeped m Milk, hin¬ der it from curdling or turning to Cheefe. Trap* nor do they fuffer it to curdle in the Stomach. Wherefore, fays Cafpar Hoffman , they who ufe Milk frequently, or who have no other Food, ought to make ufe cf this Herb. But Milk taken into the Stomach, (provi¬ ded the Stomach is found, and in good Con¬ dition) ought duly* and according to the Or¬ der of Nature to coagulate; and therefore they who have good and found Stomachs, ought not to look out for fuch Things as will hinder that Coagulation; but only they who have weak Stomachs, or fuch as have too much acid in their Stomachs, in order to moderate that Coagulation : For tho* the Milk that is received into the Stomach cur¬ dles at firft, yet that curdled Part is again dif- folved before it goes down into the Inteftines. *Tis true, if it becomes too thick and hard, it is not fo eafily dilfoived, and therefore in that cafe Mint may do good Service. The Juice of this Herb, and the Water diddled from ir, is of frequent Ufe in flop¬ ping of excefifive Vomiting. For this End take two Ounces of Mint-water, repeat it once and again, and it will flop the mod im¬ moderate Vomitings. Hartman. For an Anorexy,Lofs of Appetite or Squea- milhnefs, an Elixir of Mint with its own Spi¬ rit by Infufion, with a little Sugar added to ir, is an excellent Remedy. D* Hulfe. The diftilled Water is much uled by Wo¬ men to allay the Pain cf the Belly-ake in Children. Turner is of Opinion, that the Smell of Mint ftrengthens the Brains, preferves and enlarges the Memory. Authors are not well agreed about its Pow¬ er of railing Luft, and of hindering venereal Dreams and Pollutions; fome maintaining that it is a great Enemy to any Thing of this Kind, while others are as pofitiveon the other Hand, that it is a great Provocative. Borellus fays, that it was revealed to him as a great Secret, that if Women who have even been reputed barren, will apply a Cake made of the Mentha fylveftris feu caballina to their Privy-parts, in the Form of a Crown, 3*3 before they dally with their Husbands, they will readily conceive ; and that this muft be done immediately after their Courfes are o~ ver. Borcll.Cent . i.Obferv. 29, and 30. Pliny fays, that in the Time of Pompey the Great, one found out by Experience, that by eating the Leaves of Mint he was cured of the Leprofy, and likewife by applying fome of them to his Face ; and that ufed with Vi¬ negar, it cured rhe Scurff and DandrofF oi the Head. TABLE XC. Fig. 5. GENUS XL Marrubiaftrum, fjouniu Tyf^mtlnaffrum or Baftard-horehound, Isa Plant with a labiated Flower of one (ingle Leaf, whofe upper Lip A is hollow like a Spoon, but the under Lip B is cut into three Notches. Out of the Flower-cup D rifes the Pointal E, fixed like a Nail into the hinder Part of the Flower C, and attended as it were by four Embryo’s, which after¬ wards turn to fo many roundilh Seeds G, (hut up in the Husk F, which before was the Flower-cup. To thefe Marks muft be added a certain peculiar Make and Appear¬ ance of the Marrubiaftrum , by which it is diftinguifhed from the Galeopfis. The Species of this Plant are, 1. Marrubiaftrum vulgare, CottttttOtt HBa* ftarD Uo^hOttntJ, Sideritis Alfines Triffagi - nis folio . C. B* Pin. 233. Prodr. 3. J&lfc JjeaL It has a fquare, hairy Stalk, round which at the Joints grow the Flowers in Wherles, like thofe of the common Iron-wort , being white and gaping, not flicking much our, with loofe, hard Flower-cups, divided into five ftiff, prickly Jaggs, the uppermoft be¬ ing by far the biggeft. Under each Wherie from the Bottom of the Stalk to the very Top of ir, grow two fmall Leaves placed over againft one another, but fomewhac more ob¬ long and narrower. I have obferved this Plant in Italy , and in the South of France, in the Fields about Mont¬ pelier* Hay. T t 2 The §24 Commie at Herbal. The Figure of the Sideritis quinta Clufii , is not much unlike this Plant; !o that I am apt to believe it may be the fame. For Clu- fwi made his Defcription only by looking at the Figure of the Planr, the naked Pidture of it having been fent him by James Plateau , without any Marks. See and compare the Defri prion. 2. Marrubiaftrum paluftrc/retidum. i\\% mar® 3 H 5 aftatri Ko^otmh. Lamum paludofum , Belgicum , Mslijjec folio . H. L* Bat. 3. Marrubiaftrum Sideritidis folio, caliculis aculearis, flore candicante. Xpaftatfc 100^ Ijotmu tmtf) an Bfron^o^c' Leaf, ana a Mjtttfy jHotBir. Sideritis Genus 3 fpinofis ver- ticillis . J- B. 3- 428* 4. Marrubiaftrum Sideritidis folio, calicu¬ lis aculearis, flote flavo cum limbo atro-pur- pureo. W aftatu l&o?i4)GunD tuitlj an 3ron^ inmt Leaf, p^fc^Tr jHotncr^cm#, anfc a ^cllotD Rioter tmti) a $ark purple Cfcge. Sideritis wont ana , parvo flore , nigro-purpureo , capite crcceo. Col. Part. 1. 196. The Flower is crefted, and the leaft in this Genus, having a rough Head, and not appearing out of the Husks, fo that it can hardly be difcerned, unlefs by taking the Plant into one’s Hand, being marked with fe- veral Colours, vi%* dark Purple in the Head and Borders of the little Beards, and yellow an the Middle of the Navel, and laftly whi- tifh in the Neck. The Husks are divided in¬ to five broad nervous Borders, with long Prickles not hairy, the reft of the Body be¬ ing all over hairy, growing by Sixes round the Joints of the Stalk and Branches. The Stalk, which is a Foot and a half high, is Square, reddifh, hairy at Top, and divided in the Middle into two Wings. The Leaves are oblong, of a faint green Colour, cover¬ ed over with long Hair, dented about the End on both Sides with three obfeure little Teeth; about the Bottom of the Stalk red¬ ing upon long Foot-ftalks, butabout the Top and the Husks wanting them, broader, and having five Nerves running longwife, not cut into Jaggs, but pointed. The Seed is an¬ gular, of a dark Afh*colour, and is fhut up in a narrow and hairy Husk. The Root is fmall, ligneous, divided into Fibres, and yellowifli* The Tafte is fweet and hot, and r.ot unpleafant to the Palate. It is found fome- rimes with one Stalk only, and fometimes with more. 5. Marrubiadrum Cardiacae folio. Bocc. JPluf. Part. 2. Tab. 98 . 6 . Marrubiaftrum Americanum, floribus in capitu/um congeftis, MeliiTa: odore. can Baftatfc UDufc tljc flofo ct# ranget* into a IBian, ana (milling like JlBattlm. 7. Marrubiaftrum Catarise folic, calyce fiorum adunco 8 c aculeate. HEaftatD 1^0^ litmus feittlj a Catarta BLLcaf, a crooken ana p:tcklp iHotoer^cttp. . 8. Marrubiaftrum Sideritidis folio, calycu- lis aculeatis, flore ftava earn limbo atro-pur- pureo, coma flavefeente. Ji5aftarD bow® toritl) an 3ton*tootf Leaf, ptfcklp jfltotoir*cupsi, a pelloto iftoftir Usitlj a nark purple dEsgi. 9. Marrubiaftrum orientale, flore luteo, minimo, in amplo calyce recondite. j©jie \\t tal l^aftam fioje^otum, a nen> fmall reilolu plotter, ®ut up in a large iflotoiivcttp. 10. Marrubiaftrum Samium , maritimum, folio fubrotundo, canefcente. HBaftarD 1^0^ liountr of Cantos, tm® a rounotftj at® fomeftliat fjoarp Leaf. TABLE XC. Fig.4. GENUS XII. Lycopus, ifflOlf’gsfOOt. WgDIf^fOOt is a Plant with a Iabiated Flower of one Angle Leaf, and feme- what of the Shape of a Bell; for the upper Lip A B can hardly be diftinguilhed from the Parts of the under. Lip, fo that at firft Sight it would appear ro be a Flower divided into four Parts. Out of the Flower-cup D rifes the Pointal F, fixed into the binder Part' of the Flower C like a Nail, and attended as it were by four Embryo’s, which afterwards turn to fo many roundifh Seeds E, lhut up in a Husk that before was the Flower- cup. The Species of this Plant are, 1. Lycopus paluftris, glaber. ^ntOOf!) ntad!) OTlOlf’i^fOOt. Manubium paluflre , glabrum ? C» B. Pin* 230* Marrubium aquati- cism Sideiids . ^Jran w-ort'. k h /*<*?'3 The Compleat Herbal. 325 turn quorundam. }. B. 3. 318. Marrubium aqua- tile* Dod. Pempt. 595. From a creeping Root rife at once a great many Stalks aXiubit and a half high, fquare, hairy, hollow, and branched. The Leaves grow by Pairs upon the Stalks over againft one another at Diftances, and are finooth, very much wrinkled, of a pale green Co¬ lour, long and pretty broad, ending in a Poinr, without Foot-ftalks, the lower One’s jagged, efpecially towards the Bottom of the Leaf where they adhere to the Stalk, but the up- permoft Ones are rather dented. The Flow¬ ers are ranged at the Joints in Wherles, be¬ ing fomewhac crefted, fmall, white, fhort, divided into four blunt Segments, marked on the Infide with purple Spots, and come out of a Flower-cup that is parted into four or five Segments. Each Flower-cup either adheres immediately to its own Stalk, or elle to its own Foor-ftalk. There are four fmall Seeds in each Flower-cup. It grows every where in great abundance in watry Places, and by the Brinks of Ri¬ vers. 2. Lycopus paluftris \ villofus. OToIFMOQt. Marrubium palujlre, hirfutum . C. B* Pin. 230. Ic has hairy, hoary and rough Leaves. It differs from the former by the Leaves being divided into many oblong, narrow, pointed and notched Jaggs at the Middle-rib, after the Manner of' the Mountain Scabious in hot Countries. 3. Lycopus Canadenfis glaber, foliis incifis. gmtootl) Wolf Moot of Canaoa^ fcritfj cut Leahes* 4. Lycopus foliis in profund as lacinias in¬ cifis. Wolf Moot tmd) 2Uabes cut into OCCP Marrubium aquaticum feu 4 - quatile , foliis tentiius dijfcftis • Mor. H« R» Blef. This Plant is called Lycopus from two Greek Words, Atk©~ a Wolf, and toi/* Foor» a Plant fomewhat refembling a Wolf V-foot in feme Part of it. SECT. III. Of ^plants with a lab sated Flower of one fingle Leaf\ whofe up¬ per Lip is ereSl and upright. TABLE Xd. GENUS I. Sideriiis, 3t0lt=ft)0?{:. TM 0 H 4 U 0 Jt is a Plant with a kbiated Flow- . er of one fingle Leaf, whofe upper Lip A is upright, but the under one divided into three Parts* Out of the Flower-cup D rifes the Pointal E, fixed (ike a Nail ro the hinder Part of the Flower B, and attended as ic were by four Embryo’s, which afterwards turn co fo many oblong Seeds I, (hut up in a Husk F, which before was the Flower-cup. To thefe Marks we muft add, that the Flow¬ ers of Iron-wort are ranged in Wherles in the Wings of the Leaves H, which are generally cut like a Creft, and differ from the reft. The Species of i. Sideritis hirfuta, procumbens. C. B* Pin, 233. ©afcp IptngSlrcm^OJk T etrahit Her z bariorum . Lob. Icon. 523* It has a longer Leaf than Hcre-bound y pret¬ ty much refembling the Sage-leaf t but final- ler, divided almoft into four Parts, rugged, furnifiied with fome Hairs, and not of either an unpleafanc Tafte or Smell. It fends up fquare Stalks, generally about a Palm high, fometimes lying all along, hard, hairy, and whitifli, having their Tops covered with wberled Balls at Diftances, as in the common Iron-wort ; the Balls con lift of little Veftels, in which are Flowers equal to the Flowers of the vifeous Ircn-wcrty fometimes of a pur- $26 The Compleat Herbal. plilh white Colour j when thefe decay, there is found in the little Vetfels a blackilh Seed, The Root is hard, ligneous and lively. It grows commonly in- the dry and ftony Places of eld Caftile, and flowers in the Summer ; and in fome Places it is feen load¬ ed wirh Flowers as late as Autumn, 2. Sideritis birfura, procumbens, altera, minimum crenata. C. B. Pin, 233. 0 U 0 tf)££ Iiairp, Iptnt^ not at all, 02but a ItCtlC riotcljeo. Sideritis quart a, Cluf. Hift. XL. It has feveralBranches lying along, fquare, {lender, covered over with fome Hairs, and begirt with Leaves growing oppofite to one another at Diftances, which are very much like the Leaves of the common IrorAvore, but fomething fmaller, jagged from the Middle to the Point, and alfo fomewhat hairy. The Tops of the Branches are furrounded with Veflels growing in Wherles, in which ftand Flowers like the former in Shape, as far as Clufius could gather from the Cut of them ; for he never faw the Plant it felf, but only the Figure of it fent him by James Plateau : So that he was not able to fay any Thing ei¬ ther of the Colour of the Flower, or of the Seed. 3. Sideritis foliis hirfutis, prdfunde crena- tis.c. b. 233. 3 ron 4 BO?tott$ tjatrp 3 leabes t£?plp tt0£Cl)C&. SideritisMonfpeJJulana* J.B. 3.426. Sideritis Monfpeliaca, fcordioides, fls- ribus Ititeis , Tragoriganum Prajfoides Prancifci Pennini, Lob. Icon. 525. Dr. Herman queftions whether this is not the Sideritis Montana Scordioides tomentofa al¬ ba. H, L. Bat. The Stalk of which he fays, is above nine Inches high, fquare, flocky, hoary, and is cncompafled by fmall, hoary, foft, (linking Leaves growing clofe together, fomewhat refembling the Leaves of Scordi- nm. At the Bofoms of thefe come forth lit¬ tle crefted and labiated Flowers, which are fmall, pale, and furround the Stalk at Di¬ ftances in the Form of Wherles: To which fucceed little Husks with five Dents, fup- ported by very fmall or no Foot-ftalks, en- clofing four round dark Seeds. It is renewed every Year from the fain Seeds. 4. Sideritis Alpina, hyflopifolia. C. B. Pin. 233 .^pCrop 4 eab’& 3ron4Do;t of tfje 3ip0. Sideritis Valerandi Dourc%, brevi Jpica . J. B* 3* 427. Sideritis feptima. Cluf. Hift. 41* 5. Sideritis alpina, hyflopifolia in fumml- tate crenata. C- B. Pin, 233. 0 JtzonMott of t l)t Sips, uctcljcn at ^op. Tragoriganum tenuioribus foliis , flore candide. j. B. 3. Parr. 2. 261, Tragoriganum fecundum Clu/ii. Hift. 24O. This Plant has very (lender and white Shoots, fmall and long Leaves, fomewhat hoary, and of a biting Tafte. The Smell is not fo agreeable as in the Tragoriganum pri - mum Clufii five Clinopodium quorundam , Sir- named Mafiichina. The Flowers likewife grow in Wherles round the Tops of the Bran¬ ches, coming forth from Baggs, larger than the others, crefted and white. I could not obferve the Seed. The Root is like the for¬ mer, ligneous, hard, and divided into many Parts. Cluf Clufius oblerved it in Flower, and grow¬ ing wild only in the Country about Va¬ lentin. 6 . Sideritis Hifpanica, crenata, procumbens, flore albo, major. j&patttfl), iPUt£, greater 3ron4B0jt,tmtf) a tnijite .flatter. 7. Sideritis Hifpanica, bituminof2, angufti- folia, crenata. &pant(Irbttumin0U0, Jjjar* rott^eattti. natcljea Slron^ttojt. 8. Sideritis Hifpanica, foecidiffima, glabra, flore purpurafeente, 8c coma canefcente. tUte tv ftmlunjX, fmootlj, 3 rott*tt 0 ?t, tottb a purpltft flatter, ana attljttiff) Buff). 9. Sideritis Hllpanica frutefeens, feuligno- fior. frtttefcent oj mo?e ttoo&p ^pantft Sran^ttojt. 10. Syderitis Pyrenaica, hyflopifolia, mi¬ nima, procumbens. %\)t fmalleff, tying, ©p(rop4eatt&, Pyrenean Slron^ttojt* 11. Sideritis Montana trifido folio. Barr, icon , fountain Biran^ttojt, ttttlj a 2leaf &tui&e& into tym parts. 12. Sideritis Ganadenfi*, altiflima, Scrofu- Iariae folio, flore flavefeente. %\)t tallcft figtto#4eatt& aron^tta# af Canada, ttttl) apellotdtfl) flatter. Betonica Maxima , Scrophularice folio, flore e luteopadefcente* Schol. Botan. It rifes with fquare, upright, jointed, and fometimes branched Stalks two or three Foot high. The Leaves grow at the Joints at a great Diftance from one another, (landing upon Foot-ftalks one Inch, or two Inches long, almoft a Palm broad, roundifli next to the Sulk, ending in a lharp Point, and notch- Marrubiuni. &crre . I The Compleat Herbal, 3 a 7 ed round the Edges much like the Denticula- tions of Retort). The Spikes growing on the Tops of the Stalks, which are compofed cf rriany fmal- ler Flower cups, about the Thicknefs and Length of one’s Finger, and furrounding them in Wheries, fend forth (mail, crefted Flow¬ ers of a pale, white Colour. 13. Siderltis Canadenfis, altiflima, Scro- phulari# folio, flore purpurafcente. %\)t talleft Irott^oo# of Canm, .toiti'a iftg; too#4leaf, ano a pnrpttflj jflotoec. Beto - nica maxima, fcrophularice folio , floribus in- carnatis• Par. Bat. It rifes five or more Foot high, with fquare, jointed, fmooth, dark purple Stalks, fpring- ing up from a knotty Root like Figrvort , which is like wife refembled by the Leaves in fome Sort, they being placed on both Sides oppo- fite to one another, wrinkled, (harp-pointed, one Part Green, and the other fomewhac Pale. Out Of each Side of the Joints corned forth one Branch, upon the Top of which* pale Carnation Flowers (land round in a thick-fec fpiked and wherled Series. They are compofed of a Hood divided in two, an auriculated Lip, and feveral Stamina tip¬ ped with Chives. Betwixt each Wherle are placed fmali Leaves, fmaller than thofe that adhere to the Stalks and Branches, fmooth, pointed, and fometimes paleifh and reddifh round the Edges. At laft fucceed four fmali, taper, brown Seeds, in oblong Flower-cups, divided into five Segments. The Root con- fifts of a great many white Fibres ftretching out lengthwife, and endures three or four Years. The Tafte is fomewhat biting and aromatick, the Smell dull and heady, be¬ twixt the Smell of Mint and Dead-nettle • It grows rank in any Soil Or Climate, and pro¬ pagates it feif by the fain Seeds. 14. Sideritis Cretica, Maxima, Ocimaftri valeniim facie. %\)t CJlTatCft CailO? tom, tDtcti tlje ^ake ano Appearance of Ocimaftrum valentinum . 15. Sideritis Cretica, tomentofa, candidif- fima flore luteo. jSEfjr ftOfkP JirOite tom of Canfcp* afTlIoto jrldloer. i 16. Sideritis orien alis, Phlomidis folio. Rental 3ron^o;t tottli a JAIomio 3 leaf. From this Genus ought to be excluded, Si- deriii arvenfis, latifolia, glabra. C. B. Pin. ' 233. Sideritis arvenfis, anguftifolia, rubra. C. B. Pin. 233* Sideritis Alfines Triffaginis folio . C. B. Pin. 233. The Firft of which belongs to Betonica j the Second to Galeopjis and the Third to Marrubiaftrum • This Plant is called Sideritis , from the Greek, Word (r'lJ'ng©- Iron, becaufe it is ac¬ counted an Herb proper to cure Wounds made by Iron. Sideritis fic difta * ferro , qua- fi Ferruminatrix , quod vulneribm ferro faft is fuit medela , of which there was great Ufe in War$ and therefore many Herbs condu¬ cing to this End, although of different Forms, were called Sideritides , as alfo Stratiotes , as Diofcorides , Flirty and others relate, becaufe Soldiers had moft efpecial Ufe for them. All the Species of this Plant in General, are accounted to be aftrigent and vulnera¬ ry, and proper to be applied either inwardly or outwardly : But the chief Ufe of them is in Ruptures, and the healing up of Wounds* TABLE XCII. Fig. 1. GENUS II. Marrubium, ^0je=ljOUlltU U^C^JOUntl is a Plant with a labiated Flower of one (ingle Leaf, whofe up¬ per Lip A is upright with two Horns, bur the under Lip C divided into three Parts. Out of the Flower-cup D rifes the Pointal E fixed in the hinder Part of the Flower B like a Nail, and attended as it were by five Embryo’s, which afterwards turn to fo ma¬ ny oblong Seeds FI, (hut up in the Husks G H, which before was the Flower-cup» The Species of are, I* Marrubium album, vulgare, C. B. Pinl 230. Common incite iBO^ijOUnO. Marru¬ bium album . J. B. 3. 316. Marrubium five Prqjjium album Tabern. Icon. 539 ° It ftands upon a fingle ligneous Roor ? ’ fending forth many Fibres. From thence rife many Stalks a Foot high, and better, dow¬ ny, fquare, branched, cloathed with Leaves at each Joint, that grow in Couples, over a* gainft one another, roundifh, hoary, notch¬ ed round the Edges, wrinkled, and fupporr- ed by pretty long Foot-ftalks. The Flowers encompafs the Stalks at the Joints, being ranged in thick and clofe Wheries, with very (bore 328 T he Compleat Herbal .. (here or no Foot-ftalks, from hairy channel¬ led Flower-cups, each of which Channels terminates in a Prickle, they themfeives be¬ ing very fmail and whitish, while that Parc which Hands for the Hood in the Middle, is fplic a good length into two Horns ; the Lip is entire, fending out a Stripe that looks two different Ways. T^oeachof the Flowers, as in all the other wherled Plants, fucceed four Seeds joined together. The* the Wherles of the Flowers leem to encompafs the Stalk quite round, yet they come forth from the ^ings of the Leaves. The Stalks rarely rife above a Foot, or a Cubic high. The Smell of rhe whole Plant is ftrong and uneafy. It grows by High-ways, and in ruinous Places. 2 . Marrubium album, villofum, C« B . Pin. 230. Prodr. 110. C2!I!)fttIjatrv©£ije4cun^ This (mail Hore hound rifes not above a Foot high, with its woody, white, hoary Stalks, fpreadinginto feyeral Branches,where¬ on are fee thick Leaves in the fame Manner as in the Candy Hore-bound, but fmaller and rounder, a little notched at the Edges, fmooth and woolly underneath, fo as no Cotton- weed is more, but fomewhat blackifli and rugged on the upper Side. The Flowers ftand at Diftances at the Tops of the Bran¬ ches, of a pale purplilh Colour, in the like rough Husks* C. Bauhinus gathered it in the Fields about Paris , and Mr. Magnol found it in the Illand of Magalon• We have no true Figure of this Plant, or of the former. That which Tragus, Fucbfius and 3 ' Bauhinus have given us of the former is good for nothing. In that which Dodomeus, Clu - fius and Lohel followed, the upper Lip of the Flower is arched, whereas it ought to be upright, and fplit into two Horns. The fame Fault is perceiveable in that of Taleinccmon- tanus . The Leaves of this Plant have been fomewhat better reprefented in the Cuts of Matthiolns , than in any others; but we can* not diftinguilh whether the Gravers defign’d to exprefs the Flowers,or their Flower-cups. 3. Marrubium album, latifoiium, peregri- num. C. B • Pin. 230. Marrubium candidum , folio fubrotundo . J. B. 3. 317* Marrubium can¬ didum. Dod. Pempt. 87* HBjoafcleatfo, fe rrtp, brinte I 0 oje 4 oun&. This is the Marrubium candidumHifpanicum of Par^infon* The many Stalks which it produces from a Pvooc refembiing that of the Marrubium vul¬ gar e, or common Hore-bound, are a Cubit, or two Cubits high, fquare, covered over wirh a hoary Down, and hollow with many Wings; at each Joint of which rife Leaves that are fofc to rhe T h like Velvet, hai¬ ry, and of a purer Whi e than in the com¬ mon Hore-houhd , hanging by a broader Foot- ftalk, jagged round the Edges, longer than they are broad, biunr, having no remarka¬ ble Smell, of a fomewhat hot Tafte, which yet is not difagreeable. The Flowers encom- pafs the Joints in Wherles, like thofeof the common Hore-bound, and ftand in oblong, hoary, fofc Flower-cups. I have obferved this wild, and gathered it about MeJJina in Sicily . [{ay. 4. Marrubium album peregiinum, brevi- bus & obtufis foliis, C. B. Pin. 230. fflJffyitZ fa$eto*n tmtlj tycit blunt iUabtS. Marrubium Creticum anguftis foliis, inoaorum. Eyft» 5. Marrubium album, anguftifolium, pe- regrinum. C. B. Pirn 230. Marrubium album , anguftiore folio • J. B. 3. 317. Marrubium Cre¬ ticum Tabern. Icon. 535?. Canny This is whiter than our Hore-bound ; ha¬ ving ilender, fquare Stalks and Branches. The Leaves are extremely white, oblong, dented, nervous ; but the Nerves or Ribs do for the moft part run ftraighc along the Leaves longwife. The Flowers are ranged in Wherles on the Branches, with two fmail Leaves under them, and fometimes they are placed in Spikes, being fmail, white, with an upright Leaf cut in two, and a hanging Lip, and (landing in white channelled Flower- cups. It has a 'more agreeable Smell than the common Hore-bound. 6. Marrubium Hifpanicum, fupinum, ca- lyce itellato & aculeato. %\)t lotu fepa^ tiifl) tottfj a ttaerp anti p?trk# Iv Alyffon Galenic Ciuf. Hift. 387- Dod. Pempt. 88 * Galen'g ©a&tDO#. It grows with a fquare Stalk a Foot high, divided into many Branches from the very Root, which are hoary, and covered over as it were with FIox, about which grow Leaves like thofe of the common Marrubium , but ftiorter, and more curled and downy, with¬ out Smell, and bitter to the Tafte. The Flow¬ er-cups The Compleat Herbal. ^29 er*cups furround the Branches in Wherles at Diftances, being generally five in Number, full of Prickles, and* White, out of which ft arts up the Flower, like that of common Hore-hcund , butof a different Colour, to*wir, purplifii. The Seed which is in the prickly Flower-cups, is reddifhi and much like the Seed of the other Hore-bcund . The Root is hard, divided into many Parrs, and an¬ nual. Clufius obferved this Plant growing only in one Place in Spain,vi^ ar E'da, a Village, in a Burying-place, in which are many Tombs w'uh Arabick Infcriptions upon then), in the Kingdom of Valentia, feven Spanifh Miles below Orchue! a; and this he faw in Flower and Seed, about the Middle of the Month of March. 7. Marrubium Hifpanicum, fupinum, foliis feiiceis argenreis. 2EJ)C lOtD 33>p0tttfi) tottlj fil&en JUafceg of a fitter Co^ tottr* Marrubium album, fericeo, parvo & rctundo folio . Bocc. Muf. Parr. 2.78. Tab. 69. This Plant rifesabove a Span high, and is found in the Iflands ofth e Archipelago. From this Genus ought to be excluded, Mar* rubium Cardiac a diftum,forte primum Theophra- fti. C. B. 23c. becaufe its true Name is Cardin ca, and ought to be ranged under that Genuf. Marrubium Nigrum feetidum, B allot e Dicfcori - dis* C* B. Pin. 23Oj becaufe it is a Species of Ballote . Marrubium paluflre hhfutum . C. B. Pin. 130. Marrubium nigrum, rotundifolium. C.'B. Pin. 23O. Vide GaUopfis. Marrubium nigrum , longifolium . C. B.Pin. which belongs to Phlomis. Marrubium , in Greeks Prajfion , is a Latin Word, and not of Greek, Original: For the Second r, is always read without an Afpira- ticn. It is thought to be thus nam’d, quia tnbidn S3 marcefeentibus conducat, becaufe it is good for confumptive and wafted Perfons. And Diofcorides fays, that the Decoction of the dry Leaves and Seed together, or the ]uice of the green Leaves with Honey, is ad- miniftred to ph'hifical Perfcns. Or it is called Marrubium, quod folia mar- cida S3 fqualentia fint quafi rubigine exefa , becaufe the Leaves are withered and rough, as if they were eat with Ruft. 8. Marrubium album, canaidiflimum Sc viliofum. jc&e anti moft ijairp to T gtt£®o:c^0tmn. 9^ Marrubium orientale, foliis fubrorun- dis, flore purpureo. Idem flore albido. cntal ^0 :c4guud, luttlj roun&tff) ^Uabes 1 , ana a purple jplotucr. fame tuulj a 10. Marrubium orientale, angufliffimo fo¬ lio, flore aibo. £Dnen£aI toudj a Perp narteto 3leaf, ami a tHpte jflottv er. it. Marrubium orientale, folio Cara;he, fiore aibo. jflD^tefital Wul) a Cat aria ileaf, ann a tafjue jHomer. The firft Species is of moft general Ufe in. Phyfick, tho* the others are not without their Virtues and Efficacy. The Juice of this Plant mixt with Honey, as Diofcorides pre- feribes, or rather th c Syrupus de Praffio , gives great Relief to afthmatick, cerjfumptive Ptr- fons, and ftich as are troubled with a Cough* For it is an excellent Pneumonic 4 , or Reme¬ dy for the Lungs. The Powder of the dried Leaves, kills Worms in the Guts. Ic is Laid likewife to do good Service in hard Labour, and bringing away the Lochia The Syrupus de Praffio Mfues, as C. Hoff¬ man obferves, is very hot, and therefore is to be adminiftred rather to old, than to young Men, rather to cold, than to hoc Conftitu- ons. Take of the Syrup of Prajfum two Ounces, of the Oil of Tartar per Deliquium , one Scruple ; mix them. Let the Patient take a Spoonful of this every nowand then. This is a Remedy for the jaundice, equal to any wharfoever. Diofcorides writes, that Hore»bound hurts the Bladder, and the Kidneys, which it exul- ceratcs by frequent ufing of it. The Antients made ufe of Hore^hound by way of Snuff in the Jaundice, in Order to purge away the Bile through the Note, which fometimes fixes it felf moft obftinately in the Eyes. I have found by innumerable Experiments, fays the famous Borelli, thac the Tops of white Hore-hound infufed in White-wine, and drank for three Days fucceflively, have a wonder¬ ful Efficacy in bringing down Women’s Cour- fes, [nor do’s it only accelerate the Menftruay but likewife baftens the voiding of the After¬ birth.] in (lengthening the Stomach, and in reftraining and putting a Stop to an ill Habit of Body, and ihcGreen ficknefs in young Girls, U » s»$} $ 3 ° The Contpleat Herbal. and all this more effectually, if they are mix- ed with Germander and Centaury . Borell* Obferv . Medic . 209* The Conferve of the Flowers of white Hore-hound prepared with Honey, andadmi- niftred for forty Days to the Quantity of an Ounce every Day, reftored a certain Noble¬ man to r perfedb Health, who had long la¬ bour’d under a Schirrhus of the Liver, after having taken other Medicines prepared cf Ebony and Chalybeates without Succefs. S. Paul . Quadripart. Botan.p. 389* Simon Pauli had this Obfervatinn from fycutus. Prax* admir . Lib. 2. Obfer . 48* This fame Noble-man drank every Morn¬ ing a little of the diftill’d Water of Hore- hound with the Root. Galen fays, that by reafon of its Bitter- refs, it opens the Obftru&ions both of the Liver, and of the Spleen, purges the Breaft find Lungs of Phlegm, procures Women’s Courfes, and being applied outwardly, it both cleanfes and digefts. A Dcco&ion of Hore-hound , fays Matthiolous , is available for thofe that have bad Livers, and for fuch as have Itches and running Tetters. If, fays the fame Anthor, you boil two Ounces of frefh Hore hound in three Pints of good Woite-voine, with the Roots of Buglcfs, Elecampane and Agrimony , of each one Drain and a half; Rhubarb and Lignum Alois, of each one Dram, till half be confurr.ed, and ft rained; hereby is made a mod excellent Medicine to cure the Yellow-jaundice , that comes by the Obftru&ion of the Veffds, and the overflowing of the Gall} if two Oun¬ ces of it, with a little Sugar pur to it to fwee- ten it, be taken faffing for nine Mornings fuc- ceffively ; but he adviies thofe that have an Ague, while they take this Medicine, to make the Decodfion of it in Water,and notin Wine. The Deco&ion of this Plant is a lingular Help to Women that are troubled with the Whites, if they fit over it while it is warm. The fame alfo heals any Scabs, whether moift or dry, if the Parts affe&ed be bathed therewith ; if the Herb be btuifed, and put into new Milk, and fee in any Place ©ver-peftered with Flies, it will foon deftroy them all. The Leaves of white Hore-hound , fays Mr. Tour n if or t, do not redden blue Paper; they are very bitter, and of a penetrating Smell. Tis very probable, that in Flanders this Smell is much like the Smell of Musk, fince Dodomeus affirms it- The natural Salt of the Earth, which is bitter, and compofed cf Sea-falc, of Sal Armoniack., and of Nitre y feems to be united in this Plant with a con- fiderable Portion of Sulphur, Phlegm, and terreftrial Particles. This Plant by a Chy- mical Analyfis , yields Abundance of acid Phlegm, a great deal of Oil and Earth, a little urinous Spirit:, concrete volatile Salt, and fome fixed Salt not much lixivia]. And fo it is not ftrange, that White Hore-hound is a great Diffolver,and a good Opener. It is very proper for Afthmatick Perfons, and for thofe that have the Jaundice* The juice of this Plant is preferibed for Rheums and obftinate Coughs, from two to fix Ounces ; the Infu- fion in White-wine , to the Quantity of a Drinking-glaf$,and the Ptifan to feveral Glaf- fes. Two Pugils of white Hore-hcund is fuf- ficient for a Decodlion, but you mu ft firft ftrain it through a wet Cloth, and diffolve in it half a Dram of foluble chalibeate Tartar , or twenty Grains of the chalibeate Fiowers of Sal Armoniack* One or two Ounces of the Syrup of Hore-hound are preferibed for the Menftrua \ but there is commonly added to it, two Drams of the Timfture of Mars , and two Ounces of Orange-flower-vpater • TJBLEXCU. Fig. 2. GENUS III. Melifla, 'Baulllt. is a Plant with a labiated Flower of one (ingle Leaf, whofe upper Lip A B is upright, roundifh, and cut in two, but the under Lip E F cut into three Parts. Out of the Flower-cup G H rifes the Pointal I, fix¬ ed like a Nail into the hinder Part of the Flower-cup C D, and attended as it were by four Embryo’s, which afterwards turn to fo many Seeds N K, which are roundifh M L, fhur up in a Husk H G, which before was the Flower-cup. To thefe Marks we muft add, that the Flowers of Baulm rife in the Wings of the Leaves, but that they*are net altogether wherled. The The Compleat Herbal. 331 The Species of HBauInt are, 1. Meliffa Hortenfis. ©arDCttJBattlUt. C. B. Tin* 229. Meliffa vulgaris, odore Citri . J. B. 3. Parc. 2. 232, Melijja . Dod. Pempr. 91. Baulm , which is a moft grateful Herb to the Bees, and which from thence took its Name, grows up with Stalks above a Cubit high, fquare, fmoo'h, ^and almoft glittering, divided into many Wings placed over againft one another, folid, bard, (tiff and brittle. The Leaves grow in Pairs at the Joints, op- police to one another, hanging at Foot-(talks about an Inch long, [The lowermoft Leaves on the Srajk have longer Fdot-ftalks, but the upper Ones fhorter. j like the Leaves of Ca- lamintb , Only the lo'wermoft Ones are three times larger, of a (hineing dark green Co¬ lour, covered with a (hort Down, notched round the Edges, fmelling like Orange, and flriking the Tongue with a certain Acrimony • out of whole Wings peep wherled Flowers, [in two Bunches, leaning upon feveral very lhort Foot-(talks, in the fame manner as in Caiamintb, ] wbithh, or of a pale red Co¬ lour, with a lhort Pipe, and the upper Jagg cut in two, with a deep coloured Lip, and two lateral Jaggs, (landing in a rough, chan¬ nelled Flower-cup cot in two, the upper Part turning upwards with three Teeth, but the under Part turning downwards, and cut in two,ordivided into two long, (harp Segments. The Root is ligneous, parted into many Di- vifions, taper, (hooting down into the Earth obliquely, with many whitilh Fibres, and fe¬ vers! curled Sprays running deep down into the Earth. It does not grow wild in England , that I know of, but is only cultivated in Gardens. $* Baubinus faw it grow wild in Ditches about Geneva. It dowers in June, $u!y and Augufl , the Stalks wither in Winter, but the Root continues alive. Ray. 2. Meliffa Romana , moll iter hirfuta & graveolenr. H. R. Par . &ttttktnC£ DBrmlm, femetribat ijatep ana foft. Md;f- fa Romana, hirfutior . Morif. H. R. Blef. 3. Meliffa humilis, latifolia, maximofiore purpurafeente. 3 LcD) Inoat^ICftD’D HBattlm., totti) a Deep large pttrpliffj jHoDtfr. Ue- liff'a. Trag. 12. Lamium montanum , Meliffa folio. C.B. Pin. 231. Meliffa adulterina quo- rundam , ampin foliti, (3 ftortbiu non grati odo- ris. ]. B. 3. Part. 2* 233. MUiffa Fucbfii. Lob* Icon. 515. This is the Meliffophyllon Fuchfti of Parkjvfon . It has a fibrous, bitter, and fomewhat bi¬ ting Root. The Sralks are about a Foot high, fquare, jointed, and full of Pith. The Leaves are like the Leaves of Galeopjis , ob¬ long, wrinkled and hairy, much refembling the Meliffophyllon fining with a black Green, and having a fomewhat biting Taite. The Flowers come forth by Threes and Fours out of each Knot, in oblong Bottles or Baggs, which are loofe and hairy, all of them look¬ ing forwards, and hanging down, longin', without Smell, fomewhat refembling the Flowers of Archangel , but larger, and not diftinguifh.ed by any Hood, only the under Lip hanging down, and larger than the other Leaves, of a purple Colour ; tho’ in fome of the Flowers they are of a whitilh Purple, or a pale and light Purple. J. Baubinus attri~ butes to the Flower an upright Helmet or Hood, with Stamina appearing out of the Yawn or Opening. The Seed is big, blackiff* and uneven. It grows common in Woods in the tVsflern. Parts of England , for Example, in Devon - /hire about Totnes , and in Pembroke [hire , about Haver for d-PPeft. I have iikewife obfer- ved it in the hilly Forrefts near Geneva , and in other Places beyond Sea. Ray. 4. Meliffa humilis, latifolia, maximo flo- re albo. 2loD), DjoaWeaD’n JBaulm, a Deep large Xnljite jHotrser. Lamium Fan- nonicum I. albo flore. Cluf. Hid. xxxvii. It rifes with a fquare, thick Stalk, abosrr half a Yard and better, furniihed with many Joints towards the Root, at which break forth Leaves not much unlike the Leaves of Nettle , notched round the Edges like them, but much larger, and fometimes broader than one’s Hand, rough, but not pricking or flinging. From the Middle of the Sralk up¬ wards, at each Joint, grow Flowers in B^lls, in Sixes, in Eights, and fometimes in Tens, not blowing all at once, but one after ano¬ ther, much larger than the Flowers of Arch¬ angel. t of a deep red, and almoft purple Co¬ lour, gaping like a Helmet or Cafque, with the under Lip (whofe Borders are jagged) cut in two, and furnifh’d at the Sides with many little Beards, the inner Part being mar¬ ked with purple and white Lines, with four U u 2 Stamiv# 3 3 2 The Commie at Herbal . Stamina and a Poinral lurking under the Caique; of a ftinking and difagreeabie Smell, as the whole Plant is, if bruifed, and like- wife of an unpleafant and bitter Tafte, The Seeds, which are like the Seeds of Molucca Baulm , are contained in jagged Seed-vc(fels. The Root is thick, fibrous and perennial, growing bigger every Year, and producing new Shoots. 5. MelifTa humilis anguftifolia, flore maxi- mo. Hoto, narroto^catfo 315 aulm, tottlj Z KttV larrije 5 ?l 0 ter* Lamii Pannonici pri- mi fpecies altera. Cluf. Hift. xxxvii. 6. MelifTa Pyrenaica, caule brevi, Planta- ginis folio. Ufaufut, totdj a (Ijojt §>talk, anu a plantain HeaL GalUnicum folio rotundiorsy flore magno, Violaccc. J. B. e- 313 - Roots about the Bignefs of one’s little Fin¬ ger, fibrous and brown, produce roundifh Leaves an Inch and a half long, nervous, notched, and (landing upon a Foot-ftalk a Palm long. The Stalks are nine Inches high, fquare, beftrewed wi:h Hairs, and parted into many Joints : At which are placed Flow¬ ers as it were in Wherles, labiated and ga¬ ping, violacious, half an Inch long, with a very fhorc upper Lip cut in two, and an un¬ der Lip large, and cut into three Segments. The Flower-cup is of a grcenifh Purple, di. vided into two Notches, the upper cut in tvyo, and the under cut into three Divifions, in which are ripen’d four roundifil bay 'Seeds. It grows in the Byrcnccan Mountains at Bi- gerriones• This Plant is called Melijfa from the Greeks 'Word MeA/ Honey , becaule the Bees when they are gathering of Honey from the Flow¬ ers, are particularly delighted with this Plant; and are fo much in Love with it, that if their Hives be befmeared with the Juice of ir, they Will never forfake them. The Arabian Phyficians have extolled the Virtues of Bauim for the PafTions of the Heart in a wonderful manner, which the Greeks have nor mentioned : For Serapio fays, it is the Property of Baulm to exhila¬ rate the Heart and Mind, to revive the faint¬ ing Heart, and to prevent one’s falling into Swoons,to ftrengthen the Weaknefs of theSpi- rits, to drive away all troublefome Thoughts and Cares out ol ike Mind, and to abate the excefifive Beating of the Pulfe. Avicenna (ays in his Book of Medicines proper for the Heart, That it is hot and dry in the fecond Degree ; that it makes the Heart merry, and ftrength- ens the viral Spirits, both by the Sweetnefs of Smell, Aufterity of Tafte, and Tenuity or Subtilty of Parts; by which Qualities it likewife conduces very much to the Eafe of the reft of the inward Parts and Bowels. From hence it is highly extolled both by Fo - reftus and others, in the Palpitation of the Hearr, and in fainting Fjis. It is recommen¬ ded by Rondolctiusy in the Paljy , the Falling - ficknefs , Giddinefs of the Heady and other cold Affections of the Brain, either boiledor ma¬ cerated in Wine, and fo drunk. It is com¬ mended above all Things by Gratarolufy for comforting the Memory, and fturpening the Judgment and Wir. It is of great Ufe in the (lopping of Wo¬ mens Courfes, and the Lochia of lying in Women, in the Suffocation and Flatus's of the Womb. It likewife cures a ftinking Breath. A Tanfy or Caudle made of Eggs, and the tender Tops of this Pianr, or the Juice, with fome Sugar and Rofe-water, is often given to Women in Child-bed, when the After-birth is not thoroughly voided, and for their Paintings after, or upon their hard and long Labour. The external Ufe of it is in Baths and Ca- taplafms for the Womb, or to comfort the Joints and Sinews ; for the Stings of Bees, Wafps, Cafpar Hojfman advifes to gather it for the Shops in the Spring, before it flowers ; be- caufe after it is once in Flower, the Plant has a nafty Smell. It is likewife preferibed for Madnefs, in this Manner, Take of the Leaves of Baulm one Handful, lec them be cut very fmall, and infufed in four Ounces of the Spirit of Wine, add half a Dram of Pearl powdered. The Dofe is two Spoonfuls This was a Secret in a certain Family at Montpelier. BJver. If you defire a Formula of a Medicine ro reftrain Melancholy, fays Simon Pau/i , take this : Take of the Conferve of Baulm one Ounce, of Burr age and Buglofs of each half an Ounce, of the Confection of Alkerrnes one Dram, with the Syrupus quinque aperien- tium j by the joint Ufe of which, prI)0P& Calamintha {lore magnc , vulgaris. ]. B. 3. Parr. 2. 228. Calamintha hi ntana. Dod. Pempr. 98- The common Calamint , that ufuslly grows abroad in the Fields with us, is a fmall Herb (eidom riling a.bovea Foot high, with fquare, hoary and ligenous Stalks, and two fmall hoary Leaves fee at a Joint, abojuc the Bignefs of a Marjoram-leaf, or not much bigger, a little dented round the Edges, and of a very penetrating, quick Smell, as is the whole Plant: The Flowers (land at feveral Didances on the Stalks, almoft from the Middle upwards, which are fmall and ga¬ ping like thole of Mint, and of a pale blue- ifh Colour after which follow fmall,round, bkckifii Seeds. The Root is fmall and lig¬ neous, with feveral fmall Sprigs fpreading withiiKthe Ground, and dies not, but en¬ dures many Years. It flourifhes in the Summer, and perfeifls its Flowers and Seed from fune to Au¬ tumn. It is rarely to be met with growing wild in England, tbo’ it is to be feen on the High¬ ways, in Ditches and Hedges, (3 c. The Leaves of it are larger, broader, and for the Size fhorter than that Species which fmelis like Penny-royal. However the Flow¬ ers of that which grow wild with us* as far as I remember, are larger than thofe of that other. For, as Parkjnjcn cbferves, the Flow¬ ers vary in bignefs, in the common Calamint : And Cafpar Bauhinus , in his Frodromus , des¬ cribes a common Calamint with a fmallFlow- er, as a different Species. 2. Calamintha procerior, magno flore, fylvae fontis Bellaquei. %L \)0 taIl£C Cafe mint, Usui) a large Jrottntafe Elcatt j'carcft. 3. Calamintha Pulegii odore, five Nepe- tn. C. B. Pin. 228• Calamint fmeUing XiRe ^cnnivrcvalj 0 $ j$Cp. Calamintha flore mi- ncrc , odore Pulegii. J* B. 3. Part. 2. 22p. Pu- legium fylvefire , Jive Calamintha altera. Dod. Peinpt. 98. It riles up every Year with feveral Stalks half a Yard high, (lender, fquare, ft iff, red- difh in open Places, branched, and bend¬ ing towards the Earth* The Leaves ftand at Diflanccs oppofite to dhe another, being fmall, hairy, cut in with thin-fee Notches, almoft triangular, with the heady Smell of Pen - ny- royal, or Siflymbrium , with a piercing and lively Tatte. The Flowers grow in Wherles ac the Joints, being of a pale pur¬ ple or blue Colour, with a long Pipe, a Lip cut in three, and retting upon long Foot- ttaiks. From the Wings of‘the Leaves on both Sides goes /orih a common Foot-ftalk, which is oblong, flender, and Supporting feve¬ ral Flowers upon particular Foot- ftalks. The F;ower-cup, which is alfo the Seed-veffel, is oblong, narrow, channelled, containing ac the Bottom four very lmall, reddifh Seeds flicking together. It flowers late, and generally about Au¬ tumn ; and comes up plentifully upon Ditches at the Sides of Fields, and on the publick Roads, efpeciaily in barren and Tandy Ground. 4. Calamintha Montana, pra?alta > Pule¬ gii odore, dematis foliis, floribus dilute ca> rulcis, ex iorgo, ramofo 8c brachiato pedicu- lo prodeuntibus. Bocc. Muf. Part. 4 5. tElCl*)) iltnlb #ciaitafn Calamint, fmeUinn; It^e pntm^roval, uutlj tmueti Xleataes, aim ale liXtic JrictBcus ftanmnet upon a long jaucljea ans acmes ^coMlalk. caUmin- tha pra;alta , Fulegii odore. Ejufd . Tab. 40. Ca - laminthce prxaltce Pulegii odore altera Icon, ex Salaudia Ejufd. Tab. 38. it rifes to the Heighth of four geometri¬ cal Palms, and ftands upon numerous fibrous Roots. Its Scalks refemble thofe of the Lens, and grows on the Brinks of the River Piane y in the Venetian Territory. The Difference of the Smell, which is like that of Penny-royal , and the Arrangement of the Flowers, do con- ftirurc this Species in the Rank of new and beautiful Plants. I have obferved the fame Calamintha mmtana prxalta upon the Sides of a Lake near Annecy , a Town in Savoy ; but with narrower and more flocky Leaves. H,ay. 5. Calamintha magno flore. C* B. Pin. 22 9. Calamint tmtlj a latp jTotm. ca- lamintha montana flore magno ex calyce longo • J. B. 3. Parr. 2. 22 9. Calamintha montana , pricflantior. Lob. Icon. 512 - This is the Ca - lamintha magno flore of Gerarde and Par - Ifinfon. The Leaves grow over againft one ano¬ ther all along the fquare Branches, (landing upon The Corttpleat Herbal. upon Foot-ftalks half an Inch long, being an Inch and a half in length, nat quite fo broad, fomewhat hairy, and deepjy dented round th£ Edges. Out of the Bofom of every one of tbefe, comes forth one Foot-ftalk, half an Inch long, bearing four or five Flowers Handing upon their own proper Foot-flalks, purplish in the gaping Mouth or Opening, and appearing an Inch above the long, frin¬ ged, and channelled Flower-cup* The Root is a great deal longer chan in the common Calamint . It grows upon the woody Mountains of T ufcany, and on the Mountains near the great Abbey of the Carthufian Monks, v 6. Caiamimha inagno flore aibo. H. Par. Calantfat tint!) a large tnljttc jriotoer. 7. Caiamimha vulgaris, exiguo flore. C.B. pin. 229. & Vrodr. Common Calamtnt mti) a berp ftrtall 8. Caiamimha humilior, folio rotundiore. 310123 Calamiirtfj, UntI) a roumtilfc . 3 Uat Hedera terrefiris, vulgaris. C. B. Pin. 3 06. ChamccciJJus five Hedera t err e fir is . J. B. 3. App. 8 $ 5 - Hedera terrefiris. Dod. Pempt* 394. tiftornttMitw, (KtlLp/op^rcunti, %le; l;obf, 02 2 Eun 4 joof. It fpreads its feif far and wide by flender fquare Stalks, lying and creeping upon the Ground, and (hooting Roots into the Earth from the Joints. The Stalks, which fuftain the Flowers, are flender, hairy, fquare, red- difh, weak, and hardly able to bear them- felves up, a Palm or half a Foot high, cloarh- ed with Leaves in Pairs, oppofite to one ano¬ ther, at Diftances, refling upon long Foot- flalks, roundifh, or gradually ending in a Point, dented round the Edges, hairy, ^nd purplilh while they are yet tender, and firft Sprout out. The Flowers are placed in Wherles at the Joints of the Stalks, three, four, or more of them coming forth from the Wings of the Leaves, being blue, oblong, labiated of both Sides, the upper Lip being fplit in two, and bending back at the Sides, and the under Lip divided into four Seg¬ ments, with a Tube variegated within with deep purple Spots and Lines, and the Mouth or Yawncovered wirhlhorr, white Hairs like a Sorr of a Do^m. The Poinral is fmailcr, and divided into two Horns. The Flower- cup'is oblong, narrow, channelled, with the Brims parted into five flion Segments 3 when the Flower decays,it (Wells into a Belly, and contains four oblong Seeds. The Plant is bitter to theTafle. The Smell is fomewhac unpleafanr, and pretty much approaching that of A tint, or is a Smell betwixt Arch- * angel and Mint. it generally flowers with us in the Month of April, and grows about Hedges, and Pla¬ ces full of Rubbifh* 9. Caiamimha humilior, folio rotundiore, flore purpureo. Holm Calamint, ftittlj a rcunstfl) leaf, an$ a purple J?lomer. ITcdera terrefiris vulgaris, flore pupureo. H. R. - Par. 10. Caiamimha humilior, folio rotundiore, minor 8c elegantior. £0)0 loitJO*, fittallcr, mi rno2C Lrntutful Calamint, UtttI) a rctmstfl) Leaf Hedera terrefiris , vulgaris , minor & elegantior. C» B- Pin. 306# I I. Caiamimha incana, Ocimi foliis C-B.Vin . 228.IBoarp Calamint, tmtl; Calamint ha folio & flore parvo , incana. J B. 3. Parr. 2.2.3c. Calamint ha Jjcunda , incana , Lob. Jeon. 514. 12. Caiamimha frutefeens, Sa twelve folio, facie 8c odore. ^nttcfcont Calamint, ttntb a dteaf, ans tty anti Swell $f tlj0 fame. Satureia Montana. C.B. Pm. 2l8* Satureia dtirior . J* B. 3. 272. T hymbra* Dod. Pempt. 288. The Leaves in this are narrower than in the Summer Savory, efpecialiy ihofe that come firfi out, much harder, and ending in (harp and prickly Points, and of a light green Co¬ lour. The Stalks are taper and hairy, and have many more Joints than the Garden-fa- vory ; from whence both the Leaves and Branches are rhicker-fer, and more numerous. And by this Mark alone it may immediately at firft Sight be diftinguilhed from the other. The Branches in this Species do not run out into fuch a Length as in that. The Flowers grow here and there out of the Wings of the Leaves, upon a iongilh common Foot-ftalk, two or three of them together, and feme- times alfo Angle, crefted, with the Cafque fomecimes turning back, a Lip divided in two, of a faint, white, purplilh Colour. The Flower is divided into five long, narrow Seg¬ ments. The Plant is flirubby, and lives ma¬ ny Years. It agrees both in Tafte and Smell with the Garden favory* It 33 6 T/;e Cowpleat Herbal. It grows in Fiance upon the Hills about Montpelier and Kifmes. It is likewife to be leen m lome Parts of Tufcany . 13. Calaminrha Hifpanica frutefcens, Mari folio, ^pantfn fttttefcent Calamttvh, iiutl) a a?arum4eaf« Satureia Hifpdnica, frutefcens Mari folio. Elenn. de Boran. 14. Calamintha Cretica, anguEo, oblongo folio. Caimv Calamint, tmtf) an -oblong, \m?m ftf* Ciinopodium Creticum* P. Al- pin. Exor. 265. In tifes up with fix feven, fewer or more Stalks nine Inches high, upright, round and Bender : The Leaves are like thofe of the Mother of Thyme, both in Size, Shape and Order, covering the Stalks very ciofe by Pairs, at very fmall Diflances from one ano¬ ther. Betwixt the Leaves and the Stalk come forth Flowers of a Vine-colour, to which fucceed very fmall Seeds. The whole Plant breaches the Smell of Mother o t Thyme, but Tweeter, and warm to the TaEe. The Root is long, (lender and ligneous, without either TaEe or Smell. The Piant, if you except the Smell, is very like tbe Englifh wild Bifil of Cujius , or the beautiful Species of wild Bafil oI Cafpar JSauhinw. 15. Calamintha minima, annua, Thymi folio. Khc fmsIIeO;, annual Calamine, tmrt) a ®jpnte4eaf. 16. Calamintha Cretica, anguEo oblongo folio, odore Citri. Catt&V CalamtUt, tJQttf) « natron tblon^ 2lcaf, fmeiltng like tron. 17. Calamintha orientalis, annua, Ocimi folio, flore minimo. Eternal annual Ca* Jamint, toitlj a lifafil Tcaf, anu a beep X:nall jRoter. Calamintha -comes from two Greeks Words xu'aos beautiful, and Mint , as if one ihould fay beautiful Mint . The firE Species is mod generally made mfe of in the Shops: The Herb only is ufed, for the Room’s ufelefs. It is hotrerand more biting than Mint , and confiEs of fubileand volatile Parts. 1c is chiefly ufed for the Sto¬ mach and the Womb; it brings down Wo¬ mens Courfes, provokes Urine, opens the Li¬ ver, and cures the Cough. Schrod. Hoffman fays, That it cures ObErudlions of the Liver, difeuffes Flatuds, and makes the Courfes flow duly, cither infus’d in Wine, or drank in Powder with Wine. There may likewife be made of this Herb Fomen¬ tations and Cataplafms for the fame Purpofts. Diofcoridcs lays, That it is ufeful for fuch as have a Rupture, luch as are troubled with Conyullions or Cramps, withShortnefs or Dif¬ ficulty of Breathing, and with cholerick Tor¬ ments or Gripings in their Billy or Stomach ; it likewife conduces in the ToHow-jaundice, and being taken in Wine ftayeth Vomiting, and taken with Honey and Salt, .kills all manner of Worms in the Body. Either ta¬ ken inwardly with Wine, or the green Herb applied outwardly, it cures the Leprofy , by drinking Whey after ir. If it be applied in Wool as a Pdfary to the privy Parts of a Woman, it draws down the Courfes, and eafes the Pains of the Mother ; but at the fame rime kills the Birth* and therefore to be refufed to Women with Child. It takes away blue and bkek Marks or Spots in the Face, and makes black Scars to become of a natural Colour, if the green Herb, and not the dry be boiled in Wine, and laid upon the Parc, or if the Part be walked with the Decoction. Being laid to the Huckle bone or Haunch, where tbe Pain of the Sciatica feizes and refts, in procefs of Time ic fo heals the Parr, that it entirely draws forth and fpends the Humours that cau- fed ihe Dillemper. This was a Courfe follow¬ ed in the Days of Diofcoridcs , but our Phyfi- cians ard Suig ons do not ufe it now a Days. The Juice of it dropped into the Ears kill the Worms that breed there. Tbe Leaves boiled in Wine, and drunk, provokes Swear, and opens the ObftrutEions both of the Li¬ ver and Spleen. It helps thofe that have a Tertian-ague , the Body being firfl purged, by taking away the cold Fits. The Deco&ion, with tome Sugar put to it afterwards, is very ferviceable for thofe that are troubled with the overflowing of the Gall, fuch as have an old Cough, and that are fcarce able to breathe, or fuch as have any cold DiEemper in their Bow¬ els, and arc troubled with the Hardnefsof the Spleen : For all which Purpofes, both the Powder called Diacalamenthcs , and the com¬ pound Syrup of Catamint, are meft effectual. The Leaves of the 8 th Species, i. e. the Calamintha humilior , folio rotundiore , are bit¬ ter, fomewhat Aromatick, and do not red¬ den blue Paper; which makes one judge that their The Cotnpleat Herbal. their Sale has an Affinity in fome Sort to Tartar Vitriol. This Salt has but a fmall Mixture cf Sal Ammoniac £ in it, but a good deal of both Sulphur and Earth. This Plant yields no volatile concrete Salt, by a chymi- cal Analyfis , but gives us a little urinous Spirit; all the reft that is drawn from it is Acid, A'.cali, Oil and Earth; and thefe two laft Parts take up the greateft Room in this Herb. This low Calamint is very opening, cleaning, and vulnerary. Camerarius and CxfalpinuSy put a great Value upon it, for voiding both Urine and Stone. Simon Pauli order’d the Powder of this Plant to be drunk, mixed with an equal Quantity of Sugar, and fteeped in the diftilled Water of the lame Plant. For the reft; it doles up Ulcers ; and it is ufed in Broths and Ptifans that are preferibed for fuch as are pbthifical, and fuch as void purulent Urine. Lobel made ufe of it to prevent the Gouty and to open the Ob- ftru&ions of the Bowels. They prepare the Extrad, the Syrup and the Conlerve of the Leaves and Flowers of this Plant, TABLE XCIII. Fig. 2. GENUS V. Clinopodium, F elU^aftl is a Plant with a labiated Flow¬ er of one (ingle Leaf, whofe upper Lip A is upright, roundilh, and generally fplit in two ; but the under Lip C divided into three Segments. Out of rhe Flower-cup D rifes the Poincal E, fixed like a Nail into the hin¬ der Part of the Flower B, and attended as it were by four Embryo’s, which afterwards turn to fo many Seeds G that are oblong H, (hut up in the Husk F, which before was the Flower-cup. To thefe Marks muft be added, that the Flowers of the Field-bafil are ranged intoWheries. The Species of are, I. Clinopodium Origano fimile, elatius, majore folio. C. B. Pin . 22 «y %\)Z tallCC tou!) a large jHotm, refem^ hitns^aftarti^arjojam, clinopodium quo- rundam, Oripani facie . J. B. 3. Part. 2. 250. • Acinos* Lob. Icon. 504. This Clinopodium or great Field*bafil (hoots its Root flauntingly down into the Earth, ancf is furnifhed with fome Fibres. The Stalks rife above a Cubit high, and are (lender, fquare and hairy. The Leaves refemble thofe of the wild Marjoram , but not fo fweetr fmell’d, growing oppofite to one another at the Knots, and are hairy on both Sides. The Flowers grow clofe together in great Run- dles or Wherles, and are oblong, crefted and purple, {landing in fmall, oblong, channel¬ led Fiower'Cups, that end in five Prickles, three above, and two below over againft one another. But each of the Flower-cups do’s not ftand upon its own proper Foot- ftalk, but feveral of them together upon one common Foot-ftalk. To each of thefe fuc- ceed four fmall reddilh Seeds. it grows every where among Briars, and in Thickets. 2. Clinopodium Origano fimile, bumilius, alterum, minore folio. C. B. Pin . 225. £fno^ tljcr met feud) a Cmallet leaf, rffemMtng Bater^marjo^am. 3. Clinopodium Origano fimile, fiorealbo. C. B. Pin. 225. Hort. Edinburg. feit l) a fejfjtte Jflotocr, refemMtng ®a* ftart^maiwam. 4. Clinopodium arvenfe, Ocimi facie. C. b. Pin . 225. iFtelMiaSl, membltng UfaflL Acinos Multi 4. J. B* 3. Parr. 2. 259. Ocimum Sylveftre , Acinos. Dod. Pempr. 280. It ftands upon a fingle, fmall, and fibrous' Root. The Stalks rile a Palm high, and are hairy, reddifh, fquare, and branched, tho’ to¬ wards the Bottom they appear to be round 5 when they lean, they fhoot down Fibres in¬ to the Earth. The Leaves grow in Pairs at the Joints upon Foot-ftalks oppofite to one another, refembiing the Leaves of Mother of Thyme, but larger (others compare them to the Leaves of fmall Bafil) cut in round the Edges with gentle Notches, green on the upper Side, and whitifh underneath, having confpicuous Nerves or Ribs, and (landing upon fhort Foot-ftalks. The Flowers are ranged in Wherles upon the Tops of the Stalks and Branches, (landing in oblong chan¬ nelled Flower-cups, with a narrow Neck, and a fwoln Belly, being of a purplifh Co¬ lour, and crefted, with a Lip fplit in three, and a Hood or Cafque turning fomewhac back. In the Middle of* the Lip there is a white Spor, and within that a purplifh Cref- X x cent. The Compleat Herbal. cenr. The Seeds are like the reft of this Genus. It grows wild in Mountains, chalky, dry and gravelly Places. It flowers in the Month of June ; but it often varies in the white Co¬ lour of its Flower. The Acincs Anglicum Chifii, feems to have been only a Variety of this, difporting with Leaves not notched. 5. Ciinopodium montanum. C* B. Pin* 225. {©Ctmtatn Acini pulchra fpccies • J. B. 3. Parr. 2. 260. Ciinopodium Alt' ftriacum• Cluf. Hift. 353. This Auftrian Field 2*3/7/, has (lender, fquare, hard, jointed Stalks nine Inches high ; and Leaves not much unlike the Leaves of the Acinos vulgare, (harp pointed, notched, green, of no difagreeable Smell, but fomwhat biting to theTalte. It bears, at each Joint upon the Tops of the Stalks, Flowers no: un¬ like the Ciinopodium vulgare , but twice or thrice as big ; growing by two’s or threes together out of the Bofome of the Leaves, being of a deep purple Colour ( tho’ they are lometimes found to be white,) generally hang¬ ing downwards, and bending forwards. To which fucceed, as in the laid C onopodium, fwoln Seed-vetfels or Husks, in which are contained black Seeds, about the Size of Mint) or common Field-bapl feed . The Roots are many, hard and black, with many Fi¬ bres annexed to them. I have obferved it grow wild upon the Af- cent of Mount Jura* It grows likewife, ac¬ cording to the Teftimony of C/uJius, upon the Mountains of Baden 3 that hang over the Baths, and the other neighbouring Hills that run out to the Danube 3 (3c» It flowers in May, and the Seed is ripe in June* l{ay. 6. Ciinopodium Lufttanicum, fpiratum & vertici-l latum. »&>pifub aub MHjClto JSQ:* tttgUffe Bugula odorata Lufita- tiica . Cornur. 46. It has a Root befet with black Fibres, and not at all creeping along on the Ground ; from which grow up four or five round hai¬ ry Stalks, which are Jointed on that Part where the Leaves grow; which Leaves are Jong, hairy, of a dark green Colour, divi¬ ded into two or three Jaggs, refembling on both Sides a crooked Tooth : But the nearer they are to the Ground, they are fo much the larger, and the farther they are from ir, they are fo much the Ihorter and narrower ; fo that they appear almoft as fmall as Hairs in thole Parts where the Flowers are placed. For rhe Flowers among the Leaves encompafs the Sralk on all Sides in Wherles, from the Middle almoft quite up to the Top, and are guarded, as it were by a formed Hedge, by thofe little intermediate Leaves. The Flow¬ ers are of a violet Colour, formed into a Pipe, one End of which rifes cut of fmall Flower-cups ; but the other, as in our Bu¬ gle, forms a Sort of a yawn or Mouth, while it gapes. When the Flower decays, which commonly happens in rhe Month of Augufi 3 the Jittle Flower-cup I we! Is with white Seeds, which afford a new Otf-lpring the following Year. Jc is fown in the Month of March. The whole Plant has a very fweet Smell, and is delightful to the E}e, and with us fcarce rifes a Foot high. 7. Ciinopodium aipinum, Hyffopi folio. iFtellMbaffl of tljc #lps, lint!) an Wfl'op^ leaf. Brunella alpitta , glabro folio , anguJlo 3 integrc . Morif. Hot. R.Blef. 8. Ciinopodium Creticum, fruticcfum, fo- liis lanceolaris. &l;$ul)bp Jftdtubaffl Of Cantip, tun!) L p. Ciinopodium orientale, Origani folio, flore minimo. £D?tental JftettbbaftI, tint!) a Wffar^tttar;o:am4£af, anti a bcrpfntal irloU'iT. 10. Ciinopodium orienrale, hirfutum, fo- liis inferioribus Ocimum, fuperioribus Hyf- fopum referentibur. IjattP, baft!, t!;e lotor 3Uab.es of trine!; rrfenL ble Uaftl, ant* tlje upper one’s i^flop. Ciinopodium is formed from two Greek. Words Kh ivy) a Bed, and sroCV the Foot : For the Flowers of this Plant, as Diofcorides fays, do, by their orbicular Figure, reprefenr the Foot of a Bed, being ranged at Diftances like the Flowers of Hore-hcund. I know no Author that has given any Ac¬ count of the Virtues of this Genus, or any Species of it; for in regard Galen fays, That Ciinopodium confifts of thin Parts, and may be accounted to be in the third Degree of Heat and Dryness, being fomewhat fharp and bitter to the Tafte, neither of which, fays Matheolus, can be found inthefe; yec becaufe in Make and Appearance it fo much refembies the true Plant, they may bear the fame The Compleat Herbal. 339 fame Name till their Virtues and Qualities are better known. Diofcorides fay s, That his Clinopodium is applied to thole who have Convulfions and Cramps, Ruptures or Burn¬ ings, or Srrangury ; dye it is a Remedy a- gainft the Sting or Bite of venemous Ser¬ pents, and that it brings down Womens Cowr¬ ies, expells the dead Child, takes away fuch Warts as are long and bang down, if it be drunk in Dcco&ion for feveral Days fuccef- fively. It Oops a Loofcnefs, if it be boiled in Wine till fuch Time as two Thirds of the Liquor are confumed and wafted, to fuch as have no Fever ; but for fuch as have a Fever, it ir.uft be boiled in Water. TABLE XCIII. Fig. 3. GENUS VI. Rofmarinus, Hofenitltp. 13 £DfCtttat^ is a Plant with a labiated Flower of one fingle Leaf, whofe up¬ per Lip is fplic in two, and turns up back¬ wards, with hooked Stamina or Threads E ; but the under Lip B is divided into three Part?, the middle Part C being hollow like a Spoon. Out of the two teeth’d or three teeth’d Flower-cup F, rifes the Pointal K, fixed like a Nail into the hinder Part of the Flower D, and attended as it were by four Embryo’s, which afterwards turn to lo many Seeds H, that are roundifh I, and fhut up in a Husk G, which before was the Flower-cup. The Species of Rofemary are. I. Rofmarinus bortenfis, anguftiore folio. C. B. pin. 217. ©arfceit Mofemarv, totti) tlje nanrotuff Rofmarinus coronarius, fruti- cofus five nobilior, anguftiore folio, J. B. 2. 25. Rofmarinum coronarium . Dod. Pempt. 272. Rofemwy is an Under-fhrub of a moft de¬ licious Scenr, fmelling like Incenfe (from whence it had the Name of Libanotis) very well known by reafon of its Ufefulnefs, and has got the Name of Coronarius , becaufeit is much ufed in Garlands 5 this [fofemary , I fay, grows above a Yard high, with fmall Bran¬ ches, or Rods annex^ to it, which are of an alh Colour, on which ftand feveral Leaves together at Diftances, [there are only two oppofice to one another, and many others growing out of their BofomsJ pretty fiiff* narrower than the Leaves of Lavender • and fhorter too, white on the under Side’ and of a deep Green on the upper Side. The Flowers break forth from the Wings of the Leaves, being of a whicifh blue Colour, fha- ped like the Flowers of Sage , but fmaller, with a Lip hollow like a Saucer, and fpot- ted. The crooked long Fibres appear out of the Yawn under the uppermoft Leaf. It flowers early in the Spring, and almofl: the whole Summer over. It is planted in Gardens, but not in Seed, but by Slips; whether it differs in Specie from the wild Sort, with a broad Leafj I am in fome Doubt; but I do not'find it delivered by any Author, whether it differs from- ic when ir grows wild. That which is planted, has botf> broader and more wrinkled Leaves, and do s not well bear the Winter. 2. Rofmarinus horrenfis, anguftiore folio,’ argenteus. H. If. Par. Qat&ett coloured LMemaup, Until a narrow Leaf* 3. Rofemarinus 4 ponraneus, latiore folio. c.b. pin . 217. J 5 ?oaa 4 eaU’D o? Urila IMe* marp. Rofmarinus coronarius , fruticofus, ig- nobilior . j. B- 2. 25* This is fmailer and lower than the former, with Branches not fo ligneous. It has broad¬ er, more Wrinkled, and greener Leaves, lit¬ tle, or not at all hoary or white on the un¬ der Side, thinner fet on the Shoots and Bran¬ ches. This Species is very tender, and do’s not well bear our Winter. It grows in great Abundance in Spain , fo that fuch as fail in the open Sea at many Leagues Diftance, can eafily fmell it, evert before they fee Land. It grows in fo greac Plenty in the South of France, that the In¬ habitants hardly burn any other kind of Wood. Whether this differs from the former Gar- den-fpecies, I am not able to determine: For the Garden fpecies that is planted, pro¬ duces broader-leav’d Plants; and it is known likewife in other Sorts of tender Under- Ihrubs that grow up from a Slip, that they bear the Winter better, and remain more firm againft the Injuries of the Weather, than fuch as grow up from the Seed. 4. Rofmarinus folio variegato. I&Ofetttarp tmtlj a UaricpteD Leaf. Rofmarinum ftria- tumfive aureum. Park. Theacr. 74. X x 2 This 34 ° The Compleat Herbal . This Bpfiemary differs not in any Thing from the former, but in the Leaves, which are edged and ftriped,or pointed with a beau¬ tiful yellow golden Colour, which continues fo the whole Year throughout $ tho’ it is frdher in Summer, than in Winter. 5. Rofmarinus Almerienfis, flore rnajore, fpicato, purpurafceme. KcfftTiarP Cf ntma, toutl) a larfptkefc, pttrpltfb plotter* The Species of Bpjemary without either Flower or Fruit, may be known by their bard, (hrubby Stalks, and narrow, oblong Leaves, that (mell like Qamphire* It is thought to be called either be- caufe it is of a rofcid Nature, or becaufe it is fprinkled like Dew, or becaufe it is ufed in fprinklings, which feetns the moll proba¬ ble* and it is called Marinus, either becaufe it thrives well in Places by the Sea-lhore, or becaufe it is of a Marine, *• e. a bitter Tafte. The Greeks call i t Libanotis, and Stephano - tnntica is added to that Apelkrior, to diftin- guifti it from other Libanotides , that (are um¬ belliferous Plants. The Latins call it Rpfimari- nuhquafi Rpfa Marina, fays Parkjnfion. Cordus upon Dio/corides calls it Libanotis corovaria , ac¬ cording to th e Greek m Dalecbampius upon Pli¬ ny takes it to be the Cafiia nigra of Tbeopbra- Jius, and Anguillara , to be the Cafia of Hygi- nm ; acceptable to the Bees, and therefore Town near their Hives ; and alfo to be the Cneorum nigrum of T heophraflus, and Laven¬ der to be his album , but they do not agree in their Characters, and therefore cannot be the fame ; as we may have Occafion to fhew, when we come to Lavandula. Thefirft Species is molt in Ufe, and the Leaves and Flowers of that (called in the Shops Antbos ) as alfo the Seed. It warms, dries, cuts tough Matter, and is of a mixt Tafte, betwixt biting and bitter; it is like- wife lomewhat altringem. It is a chief Re¬ medy for the Womb, and for the Head. Its principal Ufe is in the Affections of the Head, and Nerves, in an Apoplexy, Epiicpfy, Pai- fy, Giddinefs, Lethargy, &c. It fnarpens the Sighr, and cures a (linking Breath. It re- folves Obftrudfions of the Womb and Spleen, cures the Jaundice and Wnites in Women, and comforts the Heart. It is of Ufe out¬ wardly in Catarrhs, and in jhe Dfftejnpers thence arifing, by burning ir, and taking ia the Smoak, in (lengthening the Womb, &c. TheSmoak and Vapour of this Plant in Plague-time, cures the Air, and renders it wholefome. Dioficoritfes (ays, that this Herb cures the Kjng's-evil, if the Decodtion of it in Water be given the Patient to drink before Exercife, and after Exercife if the Patient walhes, aud drinks fome Wine* A L\aldiis recommends the Seed drunk in Wine for the Jaundice. It is good in a Palfiy, and other aftediions of the Nerves, to ufe for common drink Beer or Wine in which the Tops of Rpfiemary have been infufed. To (harpen the Sight ir is of good Ufe, to eat the Flowers with Salt and Bread on a failing Stomach. The Plant dried and cut, and fmoak’d like Tobacco , is reckoned to have great Efficacy in a Cough, wafting of the Lungs, or Con- fum prion. Mr. Jaques faw and obferved many Terti¬ an-agues exquifitely cured in an Hofpital at Paris, called la Charite , by the foie Ufe cf the chymical Oil of Rpfiemary adminiftred in Decodtions of the fame PJant before the Pic came on. The Dofe is four or fix Drops- Sim . Paul. Botan . Clofif. 2 - p. 13 3. They make Combs in France of the thick Truncks and Stocks of Shrub-rofiemary , with which they who defire to be preferved from a Giddinefs, comb their Heads every Day. But the Cheat is apparent as foon as it is found out; fince they make Combs very dex- teroufly of Willow, Pear-tree, Lime, and after they have polic’d them very well, they drop upon them a few Drops of the Oil of Bpfiemary or Spi/yiard ; and thus thofe cun¬ ning Varlets impofe upon filly People. F• Hoffman fays, that it is the mod excel¬ lent of all the cephalick Plants, becaufe of its abfterfive and attenuating Virtue, by cut¬ ting all thick and pirnitous Humours, and opening theobftrudted PafUgcs; from whence it do*s Wonders in the Apoplexy , Epilepfiy , Ca¬ tarrh, Deafnefis , Afihma , Jaundice , Inflation of the Stomach, Cholic 4 , Stone, the Whites in Wo¬ men, Ba'renncfs , Green-ficknefis, and Gout , if it be diltilled with the redtified Spirit of Wine. If the Flowers or'"teaves be boiled with Wine and Honey, till one half is boiled a- way, and taken before going to Sleep, it is y The Compleat Herbal. 341 of wonderful Effeft towards curing of an Afthma, and clearing the Voice. It cures the Pains of the Gums and Teeth, by Rheum falling down upon them, or from Putrefaction, which caufes a bad Smell, or ftinking Breath. It is likewife faid to cure a bad Memory, by heating and drying up the cold Moifture of the Brain, and quickening the Senfes. It is alfo very comfortable in all the Ailments of the Stomach, puts a flop to naufeating and Squeamiflinefs, procuring Strength to the Stomach, and helping Di- geftion, either by taking the DecoCtion or the Powder in Wine. There is an Oil made by Infolation, in this Manner : Take what Quantity you will of the Flowers, and put them into a ftror.g Glafs well flopped, digeft them in warm Horfe-dung fourteen Days; after which take them our, and unflop them, tye a fine Lin- nen Cloth over the Mouth of the Glafs, and turn the Mouth down into another ftrong Glafs, which being fet in the Sun, an Oil will diftil down into the lower Glafs, which you m«ft preferve for feveral precious Ufes, both internal and external, as a fovereign Baulm to cure the Difeafes before mentioned, to clear a dim Sight, and to take away Spots, Marks and Scars in the Skin. TABLE XCIV. Fig. 1. GENUS VII. Thymus, ChJWie. is a Plant with a Iabiated Flower A of one fingle Leaf, whofe upper Lip A C is upright, and generally fplit in two, and the under Lip E F fplit in three. Out of the Flower-cup G rifes the Pointal H fixed like a Nail into the hinder Part of the Flower BD, and accompanied as it were by four Embryo’s, which afterwards turn to fo many Seeds I, flrnt up in a Husk K t which before was the Flower-cup. To thefe Marks muft be added. That the Stalks are hard and ligne- ouSjand the Flowers gathered into HeadsL M. The Species of this Plant are, 1. Thymus capitarus, qui Diofcoridir. C. B. Pin. 219. true Khvmt of t\jt ttent0, ana particularity of Diofcuriues. Thy¬ mum Creticum , five Anti quorum. J. B. 2. Parr. 2* 262. Thymum Cepbaloton.Dod. Pempr.276.This is the Thy mum legit irnum capitatum of Pay kjnfon, and the Thymum Creticum of Gerardo • Thyme is an Under-fhrub fometimes a Foot high, having many ligneous, flender and white Branches, which are cloathed at Di- ftances by narrow, final], and whitilh Leaves fet over againft one another, of a biting Tafte, which in fome Places fall off in the Winter; for wherefoever I have feen this Plant growing wild* fays Clufius , either in the Winter, or Beginning of Spring, I have always feen it without Leaves; but on both Sides where the Leaves either fprung our, or left any Veftiges, there ftuck out little ob¬ long Heads, like thofe in Origanum onites y made up of very'final!, green Leaves, fet fo clofe Together, and fo many in Number, than they appeared to be but one longilh Leaf. I could rnr, fays he, obferve the Heads with the Flowers in the green Plant; bur at Seville , where there is great Plenty of ir, (for there they know no other Sort of Thyme) large Bunches of it dried were Ihown me with the Leaves and hongilh Heads, which hill retain’d their purplilh Flowers fpreading a mofl grateful Smell: For they ufe it boiled in Water to walh and purge the Hoglheads in which they keep their Wine : Nor is it of lefs Ufe to give aTweet Smell to thofe VelLls in which they preferve their Graper. It not only grows plentifully about Se¬ ville, but likewife at Giles, in that Part where the Ifland is joined to the Continent by a Bridge, and likewife all over Andalusia upon the Coaft, that lies to the South* I found it in the rocky Places near Syrqcufe , a City of Sicily : And Wheeler found it in the Ifland of Corfou , and either another Species or Variety of it, with finalier Leaves growing in Ranks, in the Ifland Citbeera , now Csrigo . According to the Teftimojgy of BJlmiut, it is l’o frequent all over Greece, that no Herb grows more eafily upon the Mountains ; where according to the Divcfijty of the Place, ir bears either a white, a blue, a purple, or a mixr Flower. 2. Thymus vulgads, folio lariore. C B . pin. 119 Common a locate CC Thymum dunu>. Dud. Pempr. 276. 3. Thymus vuUaris, fo::o tenuiore. CB. p^. 219. common Thymum 3 4 2 The fompleat. Herbal. Thymum vulgdre, rigidiUs, folio cinereo, J. B. 3. Part. 2. 263. That which we commonly call Thyme at this Day, has recommended it felf to Culture in Gardens by its pleafant and agreeable Smell, and has a ligneous Root furniftied with a great many Sprays. The Branches are ta¬ per, and likewise ligneous, fomewhat hairy, adorned with Leaves refembling thole of Mo¬ ther of Thyme, but more narrow, hoary, and Afh-coloured endued with a biting Tafte, and growing in Wherles at Diftances. The Wherles cf the Flowers are at fmaller Di¬ ftances, and represent the Figure of a Spike : They are of a purplifli or white Colour, tbrutting out as it were a Lip cut in three, with one Jagg handing uprighr, pufhirg forth a purplifh Pointal out of rheir Centre, and {landing in ftriped, hairy Flower cups, like thofe of the Mother of Thyme . Mr. doubts whether this differs from the former Species, becaufe, fays he, others f have not diftinguifhed them. 4. Thymus vulgaris, tenuiore folio, esn- dido & graveolente. C. B • Pin, 219. CdUt^ nton Kfyvme, luitl; a toll, into, ann ftttfktUS ILCSf» Thy mm vdriegato folio. H. R. Par. 5. Thymus fupinus, candicans, odoratu*. 3iotu, MjiitO) anti T hymum fupinnm , candicans , odoratum. Bor. Monfp. Mr. Magncl mentions this Species, which he found in the barren Grounds towards Cla - pics and Jicou, and diftinguifhed it by this Name, becaufe he fays it is lower than the former, has white Leaves, and is very fweet- fmelTd. This perhaps is the Species which Parkjnfon deferibes by the Name of Thymum durim candidius , which grew up to him In his Garden, from a Seed mist with the Seeds of Thymum durius vulgar becaufe it is given to thofe who faint away, by reafon of grofs Humours opprefling them ,* or 'Stto J •dt lyt&crtas >c, # Sum, from Perfume or In- cenfe, quod hoc v^tsres in facris qtice igns ac~ cenfo fiebanf primum ufi funt } becaufe the An¬ cients firft ufed this in their fscred Cere¬ monies or Religion where they employed Fire. The true Thyme , or if that cannot be had, our Garden Thyme , (as neareft to it in Vir¬ tues, iho’ not altogether fo effectual) helps to purge Phlegm by Stool, if, as Dio/corides preferibes, it be taken with Honey, Salt, and Vinegar. The Deco&ion of it is of good Ufe for fuch as are troubled with a Shortnefs or Difficulty of Breathing. It kills the Worms in the Belly, procures Womens Monthly- courfes, expel's the Secundine or After*birth, jfeer it hath helped theDelivery of the Child ; and caufes eafy Expe&orarions of tough- Phlegm, being taken with Honey in an Ele&uary. It diflolvcs Tumours or Swel¬ lings when they are frefb, the Juice of it mixed with fome Vinegar, takes away all hanging Warts, by anointing them with it, and diffoives clotted Blood. Applied with Wine and Meal, it relieves thofe that are troubled with the Sciatica. It cures Dimnefs of Sight, and is of good Ufe in Meats and Broths, to warm and comfort the Stomach 5 for even in the time of Health, fays Diofco- rid-s , it is very proper to feafon Victual?. Pliny : attributes to it the fame Virtue*, and moreover adds. That it is given to fuch 2s have the Falling-]icknrfs> whom the very Smell of Thyme awakens out of their Fits. It is found by Experience, fays TEtiUs, that if four Drams of dried Thyme in Powder be given in Oxymel fading, to fuch as have the Gout y it eafes them; for it purges Choler and other (harp Humours ; and rh3t if one Dram be given with Mead% it diffoives the hard Swellings of the Belly. It is good for fuch as have Pains in their Sides, or in their Loyns and H;pps 5 mixed with Wine it is with good Succeis applied to the fwoin Cods. TABLE XCIV. GENUS VIII. . Serpillum, SSOtljet Of Cattle. A/TOilier of SEflUttte, differs from Thyme ■ iYA in us lower Sulks, not fo hard and lig¬ neous. The 344 *he Compleat Herbal. The Species of this Plant are, 1. Serpiilum Iatifolium, hirfutum. C. B. pin . 220. prodr. io8. J^oatelea'o’D, Ijairv, *potljer of SLljrmc. This Mother of Thyme grows in moft re- fpeds like the ordinary Sort, fpreading on the Ground in the fame Manner, but that the whole Plant is all over hoary by reafon of a Down with which it is covered, and that the Leaves are fomewhat broader and rougher, or as it were hairy, fmelling like Pitumen or hard Pitch , which is. not very agreeable to any one. The Stalks are many, flender, long, crooked, and cloathed with roandilh Leaves that Hand upon oblong Foot- talks. The Heads of purplilh Flowers Hand upon the Tops of the Stalks. 2. Serpiilum vulgare, majus, flore purpu- reo. c. b. pin . 220. %\yz greater com^ men <$ml;er of SLljpme, ttittfc a purple Jflotocr* This greater Mother of Thyme grows more upright than the common wild Kind, with two Leaves for the moft part at a Joint like the other ; but larger, and not of fo deep a green Colour, but rather refembling Mar¬ joram-! eaves. The Flowers grow on the Tops of the Stalks, and are of a reddilh purple Colour, like our Garden Thyme , but fome- what larger, as the whole Plane is, having but little Smell or Tafte, but hor. 3. Serpiilum vulgare, minus. C. B. Pin. 220. Oje fmaller, oj common % ot!;er of SCljpIttC* Serpiilum vulgare • J. B. 3* Parc. 2 . 26p. Dod. Pempt. 277. The creeping Branches of this Mother of T hyme 9 gave Original both toitsGr^ and Latin Name, which Branches are hard, lig¬ neous, fquare, reddi/b, fomewhat hairy,which, after they touch the Ground, (hoot down new Roots* The Firft and original Roots, are ligneous, pretty thick and numerous, brownifti, and furniflied with a great many Tibres* At the Joints of the Branches grow Leaves broader than thofe of common Thyme , roundifli, nervous, and of a biting and aro- tnatical Tafte. The Flowers ftand upon the Heads like thofe of Thyme , and are fome- times white, but generally 5 and for the moft part purplilh. There are two Sorts of this Mother of Thyme. The former has a Flower fmaller by or.e hal^ with a Chive cut in two, and generally of a purplilh Colour.' The Leaves are like thofe of the following Sorr, and fmelling fomewhat like Baulm. The latter has a Flower bigger by one half, five Chives in the Middle, and its Colour is fomewhat fainter, and not fo purplilh. It does not differ from the former in its Leaves, but in the Smell, which feems to be Tweet¬ er. Both thofe Varieties are every whereto be met with in this Country. I have Jikewife another Sort, like the for¬ mer both in Leaves and Stalks, but very hai¬ ry. Bay. The Tops of Mother of Thyme very often degenerate into flocky and whirilh Heads, which, fays ff. Bauhinus , are in lieu of Flow¬ ers; nay, they are the Matrices of Infers. For the Tops of this Herb being pricked by certain Infeds do thus degenerate, and be¬ come both their Abode and their Food. Con¬ cerning thefe fpurious and excrementitious Excrefcences of Fruits, as rhey call them, you may confult the moft excellent Marcel. Malpighi's Second Parc of the Anatomy of Plants. This Plant abounds almoft over the whole Earth in mountainous Places, and dry Fields, and in the Hillocks caft up by Ants. 4. Serpiilum vulgare majus, flore albo. C B. Bin. 220. %\jz greater common epo^ t\)tc of 2 Eljpnte, loul) a Utyite plotter* Serpiilum album. Tabern. Icon, 361. 5. Serpiilum vulgare, flore albo. H. Edinb. Clio common $fot!jer of SUljpme, rnttlj a lrl)ite flower. 6. Serpiilum vulgare, minus folio ex albo 8c viridi vario. H. L. Bat. %{jZ fmaller common SEotljer of SPbprne, tmd) a Leaf uarte^ateo of toljtte ano green* Serpiilum vulgare,folits variegati*. H. Edinb. 7. Serpiilum vulgare, minus, capitulis la- nuginofis. c. pin. 220. ffl )z fmaller com* mmt spotter of SCIjpnte, Xmt\) ootonp Wz at#* 8« Serpiilum foliis Citri odore. C. B. Pin. 220 Sorter of 2 EIivme lnttl) Leases fmelltno; like Lemon, 03 Lemon SOjpme* Serpiilum Citri odcre • ]• B. 3. Part. 2. 270. Serpiilum citratum. Tabern. Icon* 360. It is very like the common Sorr, that is to be met with in all Parts of Europe ; but it has thicker and blacker Leaves, which being bruited fmeli like Lemon or MeliJJophyllon , The Compleat Herbal. 345 and fomewhat larger and more purplifli Heads \ but the Flowers are alike. It has likewife thicker fquare Branches, a Palm high, fpreading upon the Ground, and (hoot¬ ing down Fibres at all the Joints. The Root is ligneous, divided into many Parts, fibrous, bearing numerous Stalks, and lpreading in a Circle upon the Surface of the Ground. It is found in mountainous Places, but rarely. In Hungary it groWs up among the common Sorr, and flowers with it in June. The Musk Mother cf Thyme of Parlynfon, differs from this Specially in Smell, nor is it mentioned, that I know of, by any other Botanift . 9. Serpillum vulgare, citratum, minus. h. /<.. Par. XU fmaller, common. Lemon $pott;ec of X\)vm . 10. Serpillum anguftifolium, glabrum. C. B. Pin. no. jparrottLleab’o, frnootb d)CC Of SDljPmC* Serpillum odore Juglandis . J. B. 3. Part. 2. 270. Serpillum anguflo, glabro - que folio . Cluf. Hift. 359. This is the Serpil¬ lum Pannonicum Clufii of Parkinfon. The Leaves of this Plant are fomewhat narrower, and longer than in the common Mother of Thyme, green, fmootb, and rare¬ ly fpread along the Stalks. The Stalks are fre¬ quent, (lender, Jong, fpread upon the Ground, and then ftrengthening themfelves by Fibres at the Knots, bearing oblong, foft, and as it were (piked Heads at Top, that are full of Flowers like thofe of the common Mother of Thyme . The Root is ligneous, hard, and divided into a great many Parts. The whole Plant either i'meiis fomewhat like tValnut- leavesy or is fornetimes found without any manifeft Smell at all; but whether (his Vari¬ ety is owing to the Change of Soil, or to the blowing of a different Air, I am not able to determine. Cluf. II..Serpillum anguftifolium, hirfutum. C. B. Pin* 220. iE>au*oto 4 eab’tr, rctttdj £po^ of HCfyPTttC* Serpillum anguflo , lanuginc- foque folio . J* B. 3» Part. 2. 270. Serpillum Pannonicum tertium • Cluf. Hdf. 360. This is the Serpilli Pannonici Clufii variety altera of Parkinfon; and the Serpillum hirfutum of Gc- rarde. It creeps far and wide, and fornetimes takes up a large Spot of Ground. For tho* it has a hard'and ligneous Root, like the 0- ther Kinds; yet the fmall Stalks which it fpreads all around (hoots down Fibres which infome Time become as hard and ligneous Roots as the original One ; and then pro¬ duce other Stalks fpreading around, and cloathed with Leaves not lefs oblong than thofe of the Species immediately preceeding, but fomewhat narrower, and covered with a foft and hoary Down. The long Heads on the Top of the Stalks do not differ in the long and fmooth Leaf of the fecond Spe¬ cies, and are full of like Flowers. The Seeds in hairy and reddifh Husks are fmall, and round, and of a brown Colour. The whole Plant, when rubb’d, or bruifed, has fome¬ what of a Piny or Refinous Smell, and is hot to the Tafte. Thefe two laft defcribcd Species, grow up among the common Mother of Thyme , in Hungary , Auftria , and Moravia , and flower at the fame Time, wf. in the Month of J-une. 12. Serpillum Thymi folio, humillimum. %U lotoeft spotljcr of SOjpme, tuttfj a XtyttlZ Leaf. Marum repens. Tabern. Icon. 342. 13. Serpillum orientale, Origani folio, Rofam 6c Cinnamomum olente. £DjtCntal $potber of lOjprne, a baftarti spac* toarn Leaf, fmeilmo; like Mofeo ana Cinnamon. 14. Serpillum orientale, folio Pulegii vul- g;ris. j© v nental epodjer of Cfjpme tuitfi common #emtp*ropal Leaf. 15. Serpillum orientale, folio Pulegit cervini. Oriental £Potljet ofSD&pme, tottfj a Igart JBennjvropai Leaf. Serpillum in Greek. "Ep-r/AA©- from tpr® repo to creep, becaufe it is a creeping Pianr. As Mother of Thyme agrees with Thyme in Make and Appearance, (o ic feems likewife to agree with it in Vertues; for it is ac¬ counted one of the hot and dry Herbs, which provoke Urine and Women’s Courfes. It is a Cephalick, Uterine, and Scomachick. Its chief Ule is in moving Urine and the month¬ ly Courfes, in fpitting of Blood and Cramps, Applied outwardly, ic cures Watchings, Head-akes, and Giddinefs. Ic provokes the CourfaS} by bathing with ir. The common People, when they are trou¬ bled with the Eryfipelas , drink the warm De- Y y co&ion 34 ^ T’he Compleat Herbal. cocStion of the Mother of Thyme, by which they fall into a Sweat, anti often recover their Health by drinking of it. S. Pauli. Paraceljus accounted ihe Water of Mo¬ ther of Thyme, with the chymical Spirit of Wine, a (overeign Remedy in Catarrhs • The Water again# Catarrhs prefcribed by Hoffman , is this. Take of the irefh Tops of wild Mother of Thyme , when it firft begins to flower, what Quantity you pleaie; pour on them as much Marfhmallows-wine , as will cover them, and three Inches over, put them in the Sun in a large Glafs ftop’d clofe, for a Fortnight, then diftil them, and pour that which you have diftilled upon frefh Tops, and let them be again digefted in the Sun as before, or diftilled $ and laft of all put into each Pound of this Water, of the Shavings of Saffafrru half an Ounce. When you have a Mind to ufe it, you muft ftop it in order to have clear the Quantity you want. This is of excellent Ufe in a Catarrh , it pre¬ vents the Apoplexy, Epilepfiy and Palfiy , &c. The Dofe is one Spoonful in the Evening, When the Catarrh begins to trouble you. Mother of Thyme , fays Mr. Tourneforti is fomewhat bitter, biting, ftiptick, and fmel- !ing, and reddens blue Paper pretty much. *Tis probable that it abounds in Aromatick and Oily Volatile Salt; but that Salt (till re¬ tains an acid Part of the Sal Armoniack. of the Earth ; whereas in artificial, volatile, aro- tnatick, oily Salt, the acid Part of the Sal Armoniack, was detained by the Salt of Tartar , or by the gravelly Afhes: And thus is Mo¬ ther of Thyme a Gephalick, Stomachick, and proper for the Vapours : It deftroys that ex¬ plosive Matter, which occafions convulfive Motions ; it furnifhes the Blood with fpiri- tuous Parts which it had loft; it recovers the Functions of the prim* vU, and carries off' Obftrudions. For the Green-Jicknefis, infufe for the Space of one Night a Handful of Mother of Thyme in Rpfie-mne, ftrain che Infufion through a linnen Cloth, and give it the Patient to drink falling, adding to each Draught four or five Drops of the effential Oil of Saffafras . The Spirit of Mother of Thyme, and its diftilled Water, are very proper (Q fleepy Diftempers* and for the Vapours. For the Bpilepj) or Fa!lihg-Jlckfie/s, the ef- fential Oil of this Plant is very much com¬ mended, or the Water drawn from its Flow¬ ers, macerated in Aqua vitae, and diftilled af¬ terwards. For a Rheum or an inveterate Cough throw two large Handfuls of Mother of Thyme into a PoctJe of boiling Water ; let ic only give one Boil; rake the Pot from off the Fire j cover it, and mix in the Infufion two Spoonfuls of white Honey ; or pour a Quarter of a Pint of the fame Infufion boiling into a like Quantity of CowVmilk ; and make the Patient drink it warm at nine a Clock at Night. A Dram of the Powder of Mother of Thyme, makes the Urine to pafs well. The Conferve of the Leaves and Flowers of this Plant relieves fuch as are troubled with the Fallingficknefs. GENUS IX. Satureia, CSUOJP differs from Thyme , in its Flowers; which grow fcattering in the Wings of the Leaves, and not gathered into a Head : From Calamint , in the Flowers refting upon Foot-ftalks not branched • and from Thym - bra, in the Flowers not being ranged in Wherles. I know but one Species of §>al 30 JP which is, Satureia Sativa. J-B. 3. 272. Rummer OJ Satureia. Hortenfis, five Cu- nila fiativa Plinii. C. B. Pin. 218. Satureia. Dod. Pempr.289. This is the Satureia Horten - fits of Parkjnfion, and the Satureia hortenfis ccjliva of Gerarde . In (lands upon a fingle woody Root, that fends out large Fibres or Sprays, from which rife up Rods or Stalks a Foot or half a Yard high, taper, reddilh, fomewhat rough, part¬ ed by certain Joints, at each of which grow Leaves like the Leaves of common Hyffop 9 fomewhat hairy, cut in with Holes that don’t go quite thorough, with a piercing agreeable Smell, yet milder than that of the common Thyme , and of a biting Tafte. The Stalks are branchy* having the Branches growing in The Compleat Herbal. 347 in Couples over againft one another, coming put of the Wings of the Leaves, and in length furpafling the Stalks themfelves. Out of the Wings of the Leaves come forth feveral little Flowers together, upon Ihort Foot-ftalks, Handing in Flower-cups divided into five fharp and narrow Segments, and they them- felves parted into four Jaggs, of a white purplifh Colour. The Seeds are fmall and brown, but larger than the Seeds oiThyme, This is a Summer Plant, and cannot bear the Winter i lb that it muft be fown every Year. I have feen it grow wild in great Plenty in the Fields about CaftUneuf, , not far from Montpelier. Ray. Some fay this Herb is called Satureia a Sa- turnndoy becaule it is made Ufe of in Sauges to feafon Meats : Others fay, it derives its Name d Satyris^ becaufe it ftimulates and provokes fuch as are backward and dull in Venery. It was called Thymbra by th eGreeky, nerhaps <&ro ts -S-i/wp, on account of its Fra- grancy. C. B. And yet Columella diftinguilhes 'Thymbra from Satureia, The Herb and the Flowers are in ufe: It is of a biting and hot Tafte and Smell, from whence it is accounted hot and dry in-the third Degree. It attenuates, opens and. dif- cuffes. Its Ufe is in the Affe&ions of the Stomach, fuch as Crudity and Squeamifh nefs, of the Bread, as the Ajthma j of the Womb, as in obftru&ed Courfes. It fharpens the Sighr, and applied externally, it difcuffes Tumours, and eafes the Pains of the Ears. Strowed upon a Bed, it is thought to kill Fleas. Schrod. It is much ufed in the Kitchin among!! ci¬ ther Herbs. It is well to boil it with Frencb- beans , and other windy Pulfe« Shred fmall and fried with Beans and Barfly, it affords a very grateful Difti to the Hollanders• Lob . The poor People in Germany feafon their Cabbage with this Herb, which gives it both a very agreeable Tafte and Smell. genus x. # differs from Savory , Thyme and • Calamine in its Fiowtrs, being ranged in Wherles. The Species of 3 Cljpmt)ja are, 1. Thymbra legitima. Cluf.Hifl . Sa¬ tureia Cretica. C. B. Pin. 218. 30)0 trttC Cf Clufias. This is the Thymbra five Satureia Cretica legitima of Barkinfon j and the Thymbra Grecca of B, It grows up with many Branches from the very Root, like Thyme ; which Branches are Square, covered over with a rough Down, and purplifli, on which grow alternately over againft one another little Branches, full of Leaves ranged in the fame Order, very much like the Leaves of true Thyme , fome- what rough, fweet fmelling, of a Smell be¬ twixt Cunila and Thyme , and of a fomewhat biting Tafte. The Tops of the Branches are furrounded in Wherles by feveral Heads con- lifting of fmall Leaves, amongft which are the Flower-cups, in which ftand pleafant fmall purplilh Flowers, refembling the Flow¬ ers of Thyme , divided into four Jaggs, the lowermoft of which is broad and ftretched out, the uppermoft is broad alfo, but Sor¬ ter, the other two are Idler, with five whi- ttlh Stamina or Threads coming out of the Centre, whofe Chives are of a dark, brown Colour, with a Pointal in the Middle fplicin two. This Plant fprang up from a very fmall, black Seed, not unlike the Seed of Thyme. The Root is hard and ligneous. Clujius will have this true Thymbra , which the Candiots to this Day call Thymbri , and Thybri. It fprang from a Seed fent to C lupus from Candy , by Bell us, Brofper Alpinus contends, that this Plant is Tragoriganum, and not Thymbra, 2. Thymbra Hifpanica, Majoranae folio. 30 )Pmhja, tattl) a #arfc?am Sampfuchus , jive Marum Maftichen re¬ dolent, Ci B.Pin. 224. Clinopodiitm (juibufdam , MaflichinaGallorum. Dod. Pempr. 271. Herb- maflickt or Mafticl^thyme^ by fome alfo cal¬ led Marum • Y y 2 It The Com fie at Herbal. It grows up into a ligneous Shrub, fome- times a Yard high, divided into many Bran¬ ches, and lafts for many Years, unlefs a ve¬ ry (harp Winter deftroys ir. The Leaves are green, refembling thofe of the harder Thyme , but larger, and endued with a biting Tafte. It bears downy Heads on the Tops of the little Shoots or Twigs, and a little lower like Wherles furrounding them, out of which do peep white little Flowers. The Smell of the whole Plant is agreeable, but a little too piercing. But it is not necelfary to iofift long on the Defcription of this Plant, fince it differs from all the wherled One s known to us, in irs downy Heads. According to the Teftimony of Clujius , it flowers with Thyme and Cafjidony in many Parts of Spain , and grows in dry and ftoney Grounds It is carefully cultivated in Gar¬ dens* on account of its fragrant Smell, in France , England, Germany, See. Deodati efteems the Powder cf the Bark ©f this Planr, to the Quantity of a Dram" drunk with Aufterc-wine, in the Morning) to bethebeftand moft excellent Remedy in a defperate Flux of Women’s Monthly Terms. 3* Thymbra Hifpanica, folio fubrotun- d°. 2CI$mb?a tint!) a rounai© Thyme , becaufe it has fomewhat of Aftrm- gency mixed with ir. Cluf. It flowers with the harder Thyme , and is perpetually green. 5. Thymbra San&i Juliani, five Satureia Vera. Lob . Icon* 425* Satureia fpicata. C. B, Pin. 218. Satureia foliis tenuibus , five tenui - folia S.Juliani quorundam. J.B. 3. 273. It grows in great Abundance in the rug¬ ged and uneven Places of the Tyrrhenean - Sea , at Sr. Julian in Tufcany , with fmail Twigs nine Inches high, full of Sprigs, and ligneous. It has many Leaves from the* Bottom, like thofe of Candy-thyme * but nar¬ rower, longifli, bearing a fhort Spike at Top* interwoven with many fmail Flowers. It has a biting Tafte, and penetrating Smell ; and the whole Plant is of a whitifli worn-out purple Colour, fmalfer than the greater Thyme , and almoft equal to the fmaller. I have obferved it growing nolefs frequent¬ ly on the Hills about M Jftna in Sicily , than on Mount Sc. Julian* It grows like wife up- 02 the very Walls of Florence . This Pianih 25 ‘he fame Virtues and Qua¬ lities with the Genus immediately proceeding, if we may be allowed to form a Judgment from the Affinity of their Shape, Texture, Tafte and Smell. 4. Thymbra Hifpanica , Coridis folio. §>pant{f) snjpmfya, tout) a faur ?£eatl> lOlU Serpillum fylveftre Zjgx Clu/io , Thy mo vulgari , rigidiori jimile . ]. JB* 3. Parr. 2. 271. Serpillum fylveftre, ZjgK Di• ofcoridd. Cluf. Hift. 358. I obferved the Wood-mother of Thyme , called fuch as Diofcorides deferibes, if I miftake nor, in old Caflile , growing in the fame Places with the harder or black Thyme , which it very much refembles both in Shape, Branches, Height and Root: But it has Leaves fomewhat broader than thofe of Thyme , not fmelling fo much, but of a fomewhat duller or heavier Smell, it being almoft: betwixe Lavender-cotton and Cajfidony • It haslikewife little Branches upon the Stalks, which are adorned with Flowers growing in Wherles, of a whitifli green Colour; by which Difpofiuon of the Flowers, and the Smell it can alone almoft be diftinguifhed from Ihyme* It has not fo much Acrimony as* TABLE XCIV. Fig. 2. GENUS XL Lavandula, ILaUeittier. T SftetHCC is a Plant with a Iabiated FIow- er of one fingle Leaf, whofe upper Lip A C is upright and roundifli, and generally fplit in two ; but the under Lip D E is cut into three Segments^ Out of the Flower- cup F rifes the Pointal G, fixed like a Nail into the hinder Part of the Flower B, and attended as it were by four Embryos, which afterwards turn to fo many Seeds I,, fhut up in the Husk H, which before was the Fiow- er-cup. To thefe Marks muft be added, That the Flowers of Lavender grow in the Manner of a Spike in Wherles upon the Tops of the Stalks and Branches* The The Couple at Herb ah 34c? The Species of JUfceMier are, I. Lavandula Iatifolia, Indica, fubcinerea, fpica breviore. H. R* Par. rometofiat affycolour’a, BJntitan Ilaficntier, a Ifynt *bptke* This Species differs from the common La* •vender in its Ihorter, broader, and* lefs hoary Leaves; but agrees with it in Smell : I have not yet feen the Spike of its Flowers ; for although it can well bear our Winters, yet it never yet produced a Spike in my little Garden : If my Plant, and that of Parts be the fame, it bears but a fhort Spike. Ray* 1 . Lavandula Iatifolia, Hifpanica, tomen- tofa. m^oaMeaP 0, floeftp, &pantitj 3la^ petmr* 3. Lavandula Iatifolia* C. B. Pin. 216. Pfendonardos , qua Lavendula viilgo. J. B. 3. 281* Lavandula • Dod. Pempr. 273. %\)Z moft common 0; Ilafientier. This is the Lavendula major five vulgaris of Barlfinfon ; and the Lavandula j,lore Ccerttleo , ficre albo of Gerarde . It grows up a Cubit and a half, and two Cubits high, into a great and ligneous Shrub, thick-fet with many Leaves. The under- moft Leaves are indeed thick-fet and diforder- ly, but the upper Ones, (as in this whole Ge¬ nus) are placed in Couples alternately, over againft one another, at Diftances, longifli* hoary, as broad as a Blade of Corn, and fomecimes half an Irich broad, two or three Inches long, with a Rib running all along the Middle, of a very ftrong, but agreeable Smell, and of a bitter Tafte. It bears a long Spike upon the Tops of the little Branches, confiffing of whirled, bill*, narrow and ob¬ long Flower-cups, out of which peep (mail blue or violec coloured Flowers. This has Leaves much longer and broader than the fmaller Lavender, more hoary, but not quite fo thick fet on the Stalks and Branches* The little Branches, or rather Foot-ftalks fuftaining the Spikes, are twice as big, and twice as long in this as in the other ; and the Spikes are alfo much longer and crooked ; but the fingle Flowers (which is very ftrange) are fmaller than the Flowers cf that other : And, in fine, the Smell of the whole Plant is ftronger. 4.. Lavandula Iatifolia, flore albo. C. B. 216. Lavandu! 1 flore albo Eyft, Latter, t»ft l) a toljite j?lotoer> *5. Lavandula ahguftifolia. C*B,Pin. 216* J|5at*rOto^leal3’D 3laben&cr* Lavendula altem, ra . Dod. Pempc 273. 6. Lavendula anguftifolia, flore albo. C* B. Pin. 216. Pfeudonardus qu 21 6* Ctttefc&tt’H lUbenfcer* Lavonduia mult if do folio . J. B. 3* 287* Cluf. Hift. 345. This is the Stcechas multifida of Gtrarde. Jagged La° vender . It fometimes rifes half a Yard high, with fquare and rough Branches, that are furroun- ded by Leaves cut into many Parts, and fmall Divifions, hoary and Afli-coloured, of a biting Tafte, and a pleafant Smell. The Flowers are ranged like a Spike upon the Tops of fquare, hairy and downy Rods, of a blue Colour^ and fweet fmeiiM The Spike is fomewbat diftoried, and difpofed in four Rows or Orders, one fometimes grow¬ ing out of another. It has a hard, ligneous Root, furnifhed with many fmall Shoots, which C/vfius, the Author of the Defcription, believes is full of Life^ It grows 2bout Malaga, a City of Andalu~ fia , where Clufms firft found ic, upon a Hill near to that City, bearing Flowers in the Month ef February ; and afterwards about Murcia y in the Month of March , and not eifewhere in any other Part* 8* Lavendula folio longiori, tenuius 8 i elc- gantius ditfedc. Hatienoer tottij a longer Jleaf, cut finer, antt mo?e heautifuHp. As to the Manner of growing, it agrees with the jagged Lavender ; but the Leaves are larger, and cut inro fmaller Divifionslike Southernwood 1 The Spikes likewife, which are 5^0 The Cotnpleat Herbal. are fmall, grow upon long naked Rods, and are rarely ieen fingle, but ocher fmaller late¬ ral Ones (three or four,) grow out of One, and afterwards more loaden with blue Flow¬ ers. It grew from Seeds received from the Canaries by Mr. George London. , oj Bath ® at to jam. Origanum vulgar e, fponta - neum. ]. B. 3. 236. Origanum fylveftre. Dod. Pempt. 285. The Roots of this common Organy , which are indeed fmall and ligneous, (hoot down obliquely, with many fmall Fibres or Sprays, fo that by the Help of thefe, the lower Part of the fmall Branches does again take Root. There rife from thence many Stalks one or two Cubits high, hard, fquare and rough, at whofe Joints grow Leaves like thofe of Pield-calamint , or the Clinopodium vulgar e, hairy 5 and out of the Wings of thofe, fmal- ler Leaves, relembling the Leaves of Marjo- ram. The Tafteis biting and aromatick, and the Smell fweet, The Flowers, as in an Um¬ brella, peep out amongft reddilh Leaves, be¬ ing of a fldh or white Colour, very fmall, turning up one fmall Leaf fplit in two, and hanging down the lowermoft Leaf or Label, which is larger and cut in three, with Sta¬ mina or Threads in the Middle, of the fame Colour with the Flower. The Seed is very fmall, and like Maijoram Seed. The fingle plated Heads of this Plant are compofed of the Conjunction of many fmall Leaves lying upon one another like Plates or Scales by reafon of their Nearnefs; out of the Bofoms of each of which come forth the fingle Flowers. Thefe fmall Leaves differ from the others that are on the Smk, in their Shape and Smoothnefs; but they agree ia their Pofition, unlefs that they are nearer to one another. It grows commonly in Thickets and ia Hedges. 2. Origanum fylveftre, foliis variegatis. h. Edinb. Witt ttttlj barieptcn JUabesk 3. Origanum fylveftre, album. C. B. Pin . 223. Mljtte Itfttt Origanum album * Tabern. Icon. 344. 4. Origanum fylveftre, humile. C. B. Pin . 223. ILOfcl tttlfrSDjpUV. Origanum repenst vi/lofum, Aurelianenftum. H. R. Par. From a ligneous, reddilh, fibrous Roo% commonly rifes one round, red and rough Stalk, fix or feven Inches high 3 which sc Top is divided into a great many Branches, which fuftain Flowers mixed with blue and purple, in the Shape of an Umbrella. The Leaves are fmall, oblong, hairy, compaCl, and placed without any Order, efpeciaily fuch as encompafs the Top of the Stalk, and fmell like common Organy . This is found in great Abundance about Orleans . 5. Origanum Heracleoticum, Cunila gal- linacea Plinii. C. B. Pin. 223. Origanum He - raclcoticum Mathioli , alits forte Creticum. J. B. 3. Part. 2. 237. Origanum Heracleoticum 1 2. Tabern.Icon. 345. This is the Majorana major Anglka of Gerarde , and the Majorana laeifolia, five major Anglic a of Parkjnfon. JBote Sgarfojam. Some reduce this Plant to the Marjorams, and others to the Organy s. It grows up with fquare, hairy, reddilh, branched Stalks, half a Yard high, whofe Leaves are larger than 55 ^ The Compleat Herbal. than thofe of Marjoram, but almoft equal to the Leaves of common Organy, being Afh- coloured, Hairy and Veiny. The extreme Branches end in fcaiey Spikes of two Rows, half an Inch, or a whole Inch long, from a- mong whofe imbricated Leaves, the little Flowers peep out. The Variety of this is Majorana latifolia aursa. Park, which ap¬ pears efpecially in the Spring, when it is yet but your , with Leaves either wholly yellow or golden, or partly yellow, partly green, and that more or iefs, according as Nature fports ; trot does it differ in any other Refped: from' rhe former. Ic is ufed for a Pot-herb bv our People, and is therefore cal¬ led Tot-marjoram, 6 . Origanum Heracleoticum, Cunila gal- linacea Plinii, floribus candidis C. B, Tin • 223. I faw and gathered this Plant, fays J . Ban- hinus, at leaf a Plant that goes by this Name, with a Stalk a Cubit high, fquare, hairy, and like the common Organy, The Leaves at the Joints are fmaller, fomewhar hairy, but of a iharper Tafte and Smell. The Flowers are white or purplifh, not Spiked, and fpread after the Falhion of an Umbrella. 7. Origanum Onites. C, B • Pin, 213. Ori¬ ganum Crcticum, J, B. 3. Parr. 2, 238. Ge- nuina Greecorum Hyjftpus . Lob. Icon. 494. This Plant has a moft grateful and lading Smell; the Tops of which are brought to us, like the Spikes of Marjoram , fome fhort, and fome long, imbricated with a fourfold Series of channelled Plates or Scales, clofely compacted together, of a moft biting Tafte, and of an aromatick, pleafant Smell. The Leaves are rarely brought hither, which I happen’d to fee, fays Baubinus , are fmaller than the common Marjoram, and not at all round. There is great Confufion among the Bota- nifts about the Species of Organy • Cafpar Baubinus diftinguifhes the Origanum Syriacum fylveftre Lob, from the Origanum onites of Mathiolui, But tfobn Baubinus makes them to be the lame. Profper A lpin us defcribes the Hyff ( p of the Greeks , (which is the fame Plant with Origanum onites) thus; This Plant rifes a Cubit high, is very like the Origanum onites , borh in its Leaves and Umbrella’s, in the manner of Corymbi or broad round Tufts; which is diftinguifhed from Qrgany in its Tweeter and more piercing Smell. Ic grows with many Shoots from one Root, or coming out from one Stalk, not wholly upright, but ftanding obliquely, wirh the Leaves of the Origanum Heracleoti¬ cum, but whiter and Tweeter fmelfd : And upon the Tops of the Stalks are feen Um¬ brella’s, like broad round Tufts refembling a Wheel, with fmall white Flowers, fuch as appear in the Origanum onites, which are fucceeded by a fmall blackifh Seed. The whole Plant has a moft excellent Smell, and is very acceptable to the Tafte with a ftrong Acrimony, and is all over white with a fine Down. As foon as the Winter comes on, it feems wholly to change its Countenance : For from one Root rife up feveral fmall Stalks, ftanding obliquely, with Penny-royal Leaves, cloathing the Stalk from the Top to the Bottom, with round, whitilh and fome- what downy Stalks, of a fainter Smell. 8. Origanum onites, floribus albicanti- bus. C, B, Pin, 223. Origanum onites diftum. ’Ey ft. p. Origanum folio fubrotundo. C. F. Pin; 223. £D?pnp tuitll ft roimtiift) ILeaf. Ori¬ ganum Monfpeliettfe, pulchrum . Cam. Epit. 468- J* B. 3. Part. 2. 238. It is very like the Onites drawn by Ma- tbiolus, but not the fame. Ic do’s not differ much from the common Qrgany, unlefs that it has many beautiful and oblong purplifh Spikes : The Stalk is likewife entirely Pur¬ ple. It produces a dark, red Seed, and fmall like the other Organy s. It grows in France near Montpelier . It rifes near the Bridge of Caftleneuf t and elfe- whereon the Bofders of manured Ground and Vineyards. 10. Origanum Pulegii folio. 2 D 2 gaup tuulj a J^enm^ropal Leaf* II* Origanum humilius, latifolium, gla- brum. ILOttb bjOa&^ICSfVlb fWOOtl) pnp. 12. Origanum Canadenfe, flore albo, um- bellato. Cauaua tuttlj a fciljtte Mmbjena^otoer. 13. Origanum Creticum, latifolium, ro- mentofum, feu di&amnus Crericus. HBjOalte leab’o, flock?, Cano? 2D;tpnv, o: 2D it* taUV Of CanOp. Diftamnus Creticus, C. B. Pin, The Commie at Herbal. 353 Pin. 222. DiHamnus CreticUS feu vera. l.B. 3. and this is the Etymology given by Theophru- Part. 2. 253. Duie.mmim verum> Dod.Pempr. ft us and Diefcorides. 2 g r The firlt Species, which is the common Ic has hairy Stalks, and Tome what pur- wild Organy , has thefe Virtues: It opens, plifli, at whofe Joints rife Branches oppofite cleanfes, and binds j (but how thefe agree, to one another, and others upon them in the I cannot well perceive) Its chief Ufe is in fame Order. The Flowers are almoft quite the Obftrudtion of the Lungs, Liver, and round, fometimes oblong, an Inch long, cc- Womb ,• and hence it is proper in a Cough , ver’d quite over with a whitirh Subftance or Afthma, or Jaundice. It increafes the Milk, Flo* of a piercing Smell, and a biting and taken before Bathing, purges off icho- Tafte. The Heads refting upon the Tops rous Excrements by Sweat,* but it is more of the fmall Branches, refemble a long- ufed externally, in Baths for the Womb, i(h Spike, from among Leaves larger than the Head, and for the whole Body againft a Leaves of Marjoram , purplifh without, ly- Scab , or Itch. In fhorr, all the Plants thac ing clofe upon one another, like Plates or come under this Defignation, have very near Scales, out of whofe Bofom come forth pur- the fame Virtues with Marjoram , of which plifli Flowers in the Form of an open Pipe, you (hall have forne Account under the nexc with little Stamina or Threads flicking out following Genus. of the Opening, and fitting in a channelled The wild Organy , fays Mr.T oiirnefort } is bi- Flower-cup. ting, aromatick, cleanfing, and reddens blue The Plant is very tender, impatient of Paper but very little 5 which gives Caufe to Cold, and hardly bearing our Winters. conclude, that ic is full of a volatile, aroma- J. Bauhintu obferves, That unlefs the Plants tick and oily Salt, which is notperfe&ly void be fet in the Ground, they will hardly be of Acid; whereas in artificial, volatile, oily able to hold out the Winter, even tho* they Salr, the Acid of the Sal Armoniac was de- be never fo well lookt after. The beltway tained by Salt of Tartar: Befides, Organy therefore is to propagate them by Slip?, and contains Abundance of earthy Parts. This then thefe will produce Flowers the next Plant is diuretick, diaphoretick, proper to Year. make one fpir, and to carry off grofs Excre- 14. Origanum Montis Sipyli. H. L. Bat. ments. It mult be ufed like in an ^DlgatlP Of & 30 UUt in a violent Cough , in Indigeftions, and in the 15. Origanum Canadenfe, capitulis te- Pleurify. It is ufed for walking one’s Feer, nuioribus. CattaDa SD^gatlV, fOttl) fntall and in Half bath;, for the Vapours , Green - fickaefs , and the Paljy. For the Bjjeum, and 16. Origanum lignofum, Syracufanum, for the Bjoeumatifm in the Neck, which is Umbella ampliflima. Bocc* Muf.Tab. 38. commonly called a Crick in the Neck, you tteoug ^DlgattV, of ^p^acufe, totdja mult dry the Herb by the Fire, and wrap ic tp large Mttfb^ella* Origanum lignofum , fy~ warm in a Linnen Cloth, with which ycu racufanum , perenne , Vmbella amplijfima, bre - mult cover your Head well. al)0^ gmtoll, anO large Smell being but mconfiderable like the other. tDljtte Co^ntbt, anO rOUUti tttftCtJ We have alfo another Sort mixed of White Origanum Smyrnceum iVheeler. An Origanum and Green 3. Majorana rotundifolia, villofa, Satu- reke odore. Hottn&4eab&, ftatrp £parjo^ rant, fmdltng like An Marum Syriacum , gracilioribus far mentis, minor ibus ca- pitulis & foliis. Adv. 213. 4. Majorana rotundifolia, fcutellata, exo¬ tica. h. k. Par. &otm&4eab& eroctek ^par^ mam, tmtft a ILeaf ft)apon like a Saucer. Majorana rotundifolia , cochlrata , radice pe lignofum , Syracufanum, umb ell.1 ampliffima. Bocc. Muf. Tab. 38? This is a perennial Plant, fending up many ligneous, long Roots, which produce Branches at Diftances. The Leaves are fmaller rhan thofe of Candy-marjoram , fefs hoary, and not quite fo round, but rather oblong, pointed, nervous, and fomewhat downy. Plated or fealed Heads (land upon the Tops of the Stalks and Branches. Ic renni. Jonq. Hort. Origano cognat a ^ atarendi. breathes a fweet and fragrant Smell. C. B. Pin. 223. It grows in great Abundance at Smyrna , 5. Majorana tenuifolia. C. B. Pin . 224. ^parjojant. Majorana tenuior & lignofior. ]. B* 3. Parr. 2. 241. This Marjoram is called by fome, 'Nobi¬ lk & Gentilis, and do’s not feem to differ in Species from the common or greater Marjo¬ ram fince Q Bauhinus affirms, that it dege¬ upon the Hill on which the Caftle (lands. 7. Eadem fpicis corymborum unciam lon- fa me tmtft tfte Spikes of its tuftea Igeaos anjneft long. 8. Majorana Cretica rotundifolia, Lavan¬ dulae odore, capirulis minoribu c , incanis, (lore purpurafeeme. l^OttnMcab'0 Cantw Z 2 The Compleat Herbal. $©arjcsjam, fmeHittg like JLa'ocnm, toitij ftnaUer, Ijoarp ijeat®, nno a putpliflj JfloU'Cr* Majorana noftree refpondens, ftori- bus vubentibus . Belion. Obf. Lib. i. Cap. 17. Eadem ft ere pur pur eo violaceo * The fame with a Purple violet-colour’d Flower. 9. Majorana Cretica,Origani folio, villofo, Satureiai odore, fiore purpurafeente. Ij9atn> Canup ^atjojant, tmtlj att 3Uaf, a a>abojp frmell, anti a pttrpltflj jflotaer* Alarum Creticum . P. Alp. Exor. 288* An Ala¬ rum Spiacum gracilioribus far merit is, minor A bus capitulis (3 foliis . Adv. 213 ? This Plant is full of Sprigs, and rifes a Palm high, with fmall {lender whitifh Leaves, of a very piercing Tafte, and a very penetra¬ ting quick Smell; and produces, from a little {lender ligneous Root, feveral upright, round, {lender, ligneous Sprigs ; which, from the Root up to the very Top, bear Branches in Pairs, at Diftances oppofite to one another, and are thick fet with Leaves, growing in Couples oppofite to one another : On the Top ftand (mall purple Flowers, in thefaflii- on of the Origanum Heracleoticum , and of a very quick and lively Smell. The Authors of Common-place Books de- feribe it thus9 It has a moft agreeable and lively Smell ^ In its whole Make and Countenance it re- fembles Aiarjoram or Origanum , but has flen- derer, not fliorter, Sprigs, a Foot, or a Foot and a half high, more beautiful by their round tufted Corymbi , and comely Heads, which retain their Fragrancy after they are come ten Years from Aleppo to Venice * We have a Species of Marjoram , every where cultivated in Gardens, whofe fealed, fquare, oblong Heads anfwer very well to the Figure of this Plant 9 but its Flowers are white, not purple* The Root endures many Years, but the Herb it felf perilhes every Year. It rifes with feveral fmall Sprigs a- bout half a Foot high 9 the Leaves refemble thofe of Sweet Marjoram , both in Shape and Size 9 but are not fo downy and fofr, nor of quite fo fragrant a Smell, tho’ agreeable* Some will have it to be call’d Majorana , quod majori cura diligentiaque , quam cetera herbee , feratur> colaturque 9 becaule it is fown and cultivated with greater care and diligence than other Herbs. It is look’d upon to be the fame Plant which the Greeks called Sam - pfuchus, tho’ it is more probable, that Amarfi¬ cus and Sampfucbus were the fame Plant, which Viofeorides, Pliny, Mattbiolus and 0- thers affirm,and Galen y Aetius y Pau!usy&c» deny. This Plant being of fubtle and fmall Parts, of an aromatick, lively quick Tafte and Smell, warms, dries, attenuates and digefts: I^re¬ lieves the cold Diftempers of the Head and Brain, taken any way. The Powder of the dry Herb put up the Nofe makes one Sneeze, brings away pituitous Matter, and ftrengthens the Brain ; and the fame is done by the Juice of the Leaves put up the Nofe. It is good in all the Ailments of the Breaft, and comforts the Stomach, and relieves thofe whofe Liver or Spleen is out of Order, ta¬ ken in any manner whatfoever. Jc helps the cold Difeafes of the Womb, as well as ex- pells the Wind from thence. Taken in Drink it carries off the Urine and other watery Hu¬ mours. It eafes the Tooth-ach, if it be chew¬ ed or laid to the Teeth. It is an Ingredient in Antidotes . The Oil of this Plant ftrehgthens and warms the Nerves. . Nicholas Cbefneau , Dr. of Phyfick at Mar - feilleSy commends the following E rrhinum or - Snuffy which he tried often in a Head-ach. Take of the Root of white Hellebore , half a Dram, of the Leaves of Sampfucbus or Marjoram two Pugils, boil them in fix Ounces of Water, till a third Part is evaporated 9 ufe it with your Mouth full of Water, by draw¬ ing up into your Nofe the Deco&ion a little warm, laid upon the Palm of your Hand, in a violent Head-acb, for it exafperates and en- creafes a fmall Pain. Marjoram-PVater is good in a Catarrh (if it be taken by way of Errhinum, with the Mouth firft full of fair Water, or Wine) laid upon the Hollow of the Hand, flopping one NoftriJ, and drawing it up with the other, as high as the Os etbmoide$ y or Root of the Nofe. For if you do otherwife, this Errhi¬ num will not reach the faid Place, but will reft upon the Jaws, or in the Noftrils. With this my Father cured Prince Wallejlein of a Ejjcum or Diftillation in his Nofe and Eyes, and received great Honour by it. Simon Pauli . The Deco&ion of this Plant made with fome Pellitory of Spain , and long Peppery Or wiih a little Acorus or Origanum , recovers the The Compleat Herbal 3 $7 Lofs of Speech by the Refolution of the Tongue. Though the pth Species, which is Marum Syriacum , is very much of the Nature of Marjoram , and has the fame Virtues with it; yet thefe Plants are not to confounded, much lefs are foreign Plants to be made ufe of inftead of this: However the Marum which is brought to thefe Parts, and agrees in Marks with that deferibed by Diofcorides and Cortufus , ought to be retain'd. Of this are prepared the PiluU Maroco/lina Mindere- ri, which are efteemed among the excellent Ccpbalicks . And at the fame time, relieve and comfort the Stomach, Liver, Spleen and Breaft, ( 3 e. Our Marjoram , fays Parkjnfon, is much ufed in all odoriferous Waters, Powders, &c. that are for Ornament and Delight. The great or Pot Marjoram , becaufe it is more mild, and lefs bitter than the former, is lefs ufed in Phyfick; but more in Meats and Broths, to give them a Reiilh, and help to warm a cold Stomach, and to expel! Wind. The Wild Marjoram is hotter than it, and therefore more effe&ual to bear, warm, com¬ fort and ftrengtben both outwardly and in¬ wardly, in all Things whereuntoit is applied. Herb Mafticl continues the fame Author, is more temperate in Heat than Marjoram , and is us’d by our Apothecaries inftead of the true Marut?h (which may well be admitted until a truer be known) in the Compofition of the Trochifci Hedycroi , which Androma - chus thought fit to make a principal Part of his Tberiac ; as accounting it effectual a- gainft all Poifons, efpecially of Vipers and other Serpents. Our daintieft Women do put it to ftill among their other fweet Herbs, to make fweet waffling Water. Parkjnfon. TABLE CXV. Fig. 3. GENUS XIV. Verbena ti&tfmftu Tf Ervain is a Plant with a labiated Flower, y of one fingle Leaf, whofe upper Lip A, is upright, and commonly fplic in two ; but the under Lip B, is cut in three Parts : But they are both fo. cut, that at firft fight the Flower appears to be cut into five Parts. Out of the Flower-cup, rifes the Pointal D, fixed like a Nail into the hinder Part of the Flower E, and attended as it were with four Embryo's, which afterwards turn to fo ma¬ ny Seeds G, which are thin and oblong H, compleatly filling the whole Husk F, which before was the Flower-cup. To thefe Marks muft be added, That the Flowers of Vervain do generally grow in Spikes, but not in Wherles, and that they are fometimes ranged into a Head. The Species of Vervain are, 1. Verbena communis caeruleo flore C.B. pin. 269. Common tmetfbatu tottlj a blue jHotBCr. Verbena vulgaris . J. B* 3. 443. Verbe- naca recia Dod. Pempt. 150. This is the Verbe¬ na mas feu reft a to vulgaris of Parkjnfon.Comr mon Vervain. From a fibrous and bitterifii Root, fma!~ ler than one’s little Finger, grow up many Stalks above half a Yard high, fquare, folid^ fomewhat rough, with a fhorc Down, and thefe purplifh and branched. The Leaves ftand upon the Sralks over a- gainft Hfflhit? tfi) iflo&er^ 3. Verbena Lufiranica, lari folia-, procerior. 2 B?oao 4 eah’ti, taller Portuguefe ftlerhatn. 4. Verbena tenuifolia^C B.Pin.269- lealfO tUletOaUU Verbenacafupina. f.B.^ 444,. Verbenaca fupina Dod.Pempz. 250. Ic 5 <8 The Compleat Herbal. It has four or five corner’d or fquare Stalks, fuch as the common Vervain has, but {tende¬ rer, bending and leaning upon the Earth, knotty or jointed. At each joint there grow, under the fmali Branches, Leaves, not differ¬ ing from the Leaves of the common Sort in Colour, but much more jagged, and cut in¬ to many Parts ; the Flowers are ranged on the Tops of the Branches, in the Form of a Spike, as in the common Sort, and likewife of a purplilh blue Colour, but fmaller. The Seed is of the fame Size, nor is the Root different. It is common in the Fields about Salaman¬ ca, and in fome other Places in Caftile. It flower’d there in the Months of July and Au- guft. It is an annual Plant, and ufes to pe- rilh even in its native Soil, after it has flied the Seed. 5. Verbena urticae-folia Canadenfis. H. par . ffitaDafu of Cattatm. Verbena con foglio d * Ortica di Canada • Zan. 203. Verbena 'Urticce folic . Mor. H. R. Blef. 6. Verbena urticae-folia, Canadenfis, fo¬ lds incifis, flore majore* H. Par . leab’a tOtobatn of Canaoa, cut lleabeg, ano a latgec iflotoec. The Leaves of this Species are graven on the fame Table, fyn. 7. Verbena Americana, fpica muhiplici, foliis Urticas anguftiflimis, floribus caeruleis. Prodr- Par. Bat. American SHetbatn, tnttlj a manifolo berp natroto 3uabees, ano blue From a durable Root made up of many Fibres, it fends forth fquare, ftriped, jointed Rods, fix or fever* Foot high. The Joints are cloathed with conjunct Leaves, in Make and Texture like the Leaves of Nettles, but narrower, tho’ they fomeiimes exceed a Palm in breadth, and a Span in length, fometimes whole and entire, at other times divided at the Bottom into one or two Jaggs. Out of the Bofom of thefe, on both Sides rife little Branches, whofe Tops terminate in many Spikes of Flowers, or florid Manes, which are fquare, clofely join’d to one another) as long as one’s Finger, and very pleafant to look at. Now .the Flowers are of a bluifli purple Colour, very fmali, fiftulous at bot¬ tom, and at top divided into five equal Seg¬ ments. To thefe fucceed four oblong darl$ brawn Seeds, in Flower-cups cut into five Segments. It is likewife found with a purple Flower. It is much cultivated in our Gardens, by the Name of Verbena Vrtic f JU >' l \ i Tay.3£0. gfy *. Hyffopus . . H 5 ^u? .»• E .JL G r. Steechas. r*#. 3 6i D D «>2; ^■3 Cataria . ^7/" T/ZwiStt m 1 X> E H The Cofflpleat Herbal\ nefs and Rednefs of the Eyes; in the Squinfy, Hoarfnels (applied round the Neck as a Cata- plafm;') in the fwelling of the Glands about the Throat (by way of Gargarifn 15) in .the Pain of the Spleen, (with Hogs-Lard ;) and in eafing the Pain of the Gout, and cleanfing of putrid Sores ; in the falling down of the Anus , He- merhoidsor Piles, • Since it poflefles fo many Virtues and no¬ ble Qualities, what Wonder is it that it was in fo much Honour of old, as to deferve the Appellation of Herba Sacra ? For the Swelling of the Spleen. Take bruifed Vervain with the white of an Egg, and Barley-Meal, or Wheat-Flower ; make them into a Cataplafm, put it into a fine Linnen Cloth, and lay it upon the Swel¬ ling, it attra&s as it were the thinneft Part of the Blood : Some add Betony. This is a Remedy among the common People* Chef neau. Vervain laid under the Head or Pillow, or made into a Plaifter with very foure Ferment and Oil of Rofes, eafes the Pain of the Heacf occafioned by drinking. D. Soame . The Deco&ion of the Leaves drunk, is held to be very good againft the Bitings of Ser¬ pents and venomous Beafts, for the Plague or Peftiience, and againft both Tertian and Quar¬ tan Agues* It kills and expells Worms in the Btlly, and caufes a good Colour in the Face and Body 5 and drunk with fome Peony Seeds it is extreamly good againft a Dropfy, and no lefs prevalent in the Defe&s of the Reins and Bladder, by cleanfing them from rhatvi- fcous and fiimy Humour, which engenders the Stone and Gravel; ufed with old Hogs- Greafe, it allays the Swellings and Pains of the Privy Parts in Man or Woman- The Leaves bruifed, or the Juice of them mixed with Vinegar, does wonderfully cleanfe the Skin, and takes away all Mor- phew, Freckles, Puftulaes, or other fuch like Inflammations and Deformities of the Skin in any Part of the Body. The diftilled Water of this Herb, when it is at its full Growth and Vigour, dropped into the Eyes, cleanfes them from Films, Clouds or Mifts that dark¬ en the Sight, and wonderfully comforts the Optick Nerves. This fame Water is very effectual in all the Difeafes aforefaid, either inward or outward, whether they be old cor¬ roding Sores, or Green Wounds. This Plant, by a Cbymical Analyfis , yields feveral acid Liquors, Abundance of Oil, pretty much volatile concrete Salt, and Earth : From whence Tis probable, that it contains fome Sal Ammoniac 4 , united with a fjood deal of Sulphur. Vervain is vulne¬ rary, cleanfing, and opening, and frebrifu- gous. For the Green-ficknefs, the Patient muft drink the Wine in which it has been infufed the whole Night. Ctfalpinus recommends the Powder of it for the Dropfy. The Ex¬ tract or Juice of Vervain , cures intermitting Fevers. The Leaves of this Plant are pre* feribed after the manner of Tea, to fuch as are fubjedt to the Vapours. The diftilled Water, or the purified Juice of this Plane cleanfes the Eyes, and clears the Sight. They are proper in the Diftempers of the Throat, by way of Gargarifm* Tourney fort . TABLE XCVI. Fig. 1. GENUS XV. HyiTopus, UiWop is a Plant with a labiated Flow- *“ -er of onefingle Leaf, whofe upper Lip A is upright, roundilh, and fplit in two; but the under Lip C is divided into three Parts, the Middle D being hollow like a Spoon, double pointed, and fomewhat winged. Gut of the Flower-Cup E rifes the Pointal F, fixed like a Nail into the binder Part of the Flower B, and attended as it were with four Embryo’s, which afterwards turn to fo ma¬ ny oblong Seeds G, (hut up in the Husk H, which before was the Flcwer-cup. The Species of are, 1* Hyflopus oflicinarum, coerulea feu fpi- cata. C b. ?in. 217* Common d 5 att»eit ^flOlL Hyjfopus vulgar is , fpicatus y angufti- foliusy flore cceruleo . J. B. 3. 274. Hyflopus vulgaris. Dod. Pempt. 287. From a ligneous hard Root, about the Thicknefs of one’s Finger, rife Stalks a Fooc or half a Yard high, (hrubby and round, when they begin to turn ligneous; for while they are yet tender, they appear to be fquare. The Leaves are narrow, oblong, fmooth, evea %6o The Compleat Herbal. even at the Edges” like the Leaves of Laven¬ der, but much fhorter. The Flowers, which are large and blue, grow in Wherles, relem- bling long Spikes on the Top of the Stalks, looking almolt all one way, Handing in long channelled Flower-cups, divided into five fharp Segments ; the upper Leaf of which Flowers is divided in two, and turns up, and a Lip fplit in two hangs down, having two Wings on the upper Parr. In each of the Flowers are four oblong, blue Stamina , with their little dark purple Chives. Lobel tells us, that it grows wild on the rugged Hills of Romania, and in the Country of Verona , efpecially towards Athefis or Eefo at the Straits of the Rocks, and the well for¬ tified Caftle, which divides rhe Territories of the Emperor and the Venetians, over againft Mount Baldo; and adds, that he never was fo happy as to fee it any where elfe except in Gardens. Lobel was certainly more fortunate than I, for when I travelled thofe Parts, Hyf j'op no where prefented it fell to my View. Ray. 2. HyfTopus utrinque florida. Dod. Pempt. 287- hearing jflotaerg on hoc!) Snaes. 3. HyfTopus vulgaris, Mofchum redolens. c. B. pin . 217. Common ^pflop fmelling like SIDttOk. Hyjjopus Mofchata vel peregri- na feu Ciliffa. Gefner. Horr. 262. 4. HyfTopus crifpa. Gefner. Hort. 262. CUT* to IMTop. 5. HyfTopus foliis difle&is. C. B> Pin . 217. ^pflop tmdj cut &ea heo. 6 . HyfTopus fpica brevi & rotunda. C. B. pin. 217. fepflbp tottlj a (boat ano rouno Smtke. 7. HyfTopus verficolor five aureus, Par 1 {. Par . 457. tftarious oj goloett coloured ^pffop. 8- HyfTopus vulgaris, alba. C. B. Pin. 2 18. Common tBfjtte #pH’op. Hyjfopus albis flo- ribus. Lob. Icon. 435. 9. HyfTopus rubro flore. C. B. Pin. 217. ^pflbp mtth a reo jHotoer. Hyjjopus Am- bum fore rubro . Lub. Icon. 434. Hyjjopus vul¬ garis, fpicatus , anguftifolius , fore rubro. ]. B. 3. 2 74 « 10. HyfTopus hirfuta* C. B> Pin. 218. n ^pffop. t " , 11. HyfTopus hirfuta, flore albo. I^airp ^vffop mith a lnlji.e jflotoer. 12. HyfTopus humilior; myrtifolia. H. Ri Par. mje toner spmtoleab’a Ikpffop, The Species of Hyjfop may be known, even without Flower or Fruit, by their long nar¬ row Leaves, and their agreeable Smell* Hyjfop is hot and biting, and has a burning Tafte, fays C. Hoffman, and an Acrimony that pervades the whole Palate; from whence it attenuates, opens and clcanfes. Its chief Ufe is in the tartarous Affusions of rhe Lungs, Cough, Afthma, &c. The Syrup is of excellent Ufe in the inveterate Diftempers of the Breaft of long continuance, in which Cafes the Syrup of Liquorice , of the Capilli Veneris and others have not Force enough to anfwer that End. It is frequently applied outwardly to Eyes that are black and blue from a Blow, to cleanfe and purify the Womb, to remove the Singing of the Ears, by rubbing it and fmelling to ir, and to cleanfe the Mouth, and in a Gargle. There are fome who prefer Wormwood to it for ftrengthening of the Stomach. Boil’d with Beef, and with other Pot-herbs, Aired fmall, it makes a delicious Broth, that is agreeable both to the Mouth and Sto¬ mach. It provokes Urine, and is likewife good in the dropping of Urine, or Stranguary. How fovereign a Remedy Hyjfop is for black and blue Eyes, let Riolanus the elder witnefs. I have found that to be true, fays he, which Archigenes , as quoted by Galen, affirms. That if the Bulh of Hyjfop be boiled in Water, and be applied warm to the bloody Eye, it fo evidently fucks away the Blood, that the Linnen which contain’d it will look bloody. Having followed his Authority as Opportunity offered it felf, I have recom¬ mended rhe Deco&ion of Hyjfop to many a- gainft Blows and Bruifes, and even againft bruifes of the Eyes : But inftead of Water I ordered the Juice to be boil’d in Wine, and I remember the Bruifes vanifhed accord¬ ing to my Wifh, while a little warm Bagg was applied tp the Eye-lids when the Pa¬ tient went to Bed. Sim. Pauli. A famous Man whom I knew well, who had his Thigh grievoufly bruifed by the Kick of a Horfe, was cured of the Pain in a few Hours, and the black and blue Mark in his Skin entirely removed, only by the Ap¬ plication of a Caiaplafm , made of the Leaves The Compleat Herbal . %61 Leaves of Hyffop, Hired (mall, and rnixt with freHi unfalted Butter. Boyle. Diofcorides fays. That Byffop boil’d with Rue and Honey, relieves fuch as are trou¬ bled with Coughs, Shortnefs of Breath, whea- iing, and. rheumatick Diftillations upon the Lungs. Taken with Oxymel , it purges grofs Humours by Stool, and with Honey kills the Worms in the Belly ; and taken with frefli or new Tigs bruifed, it helps to loofen the Belly, but more forcibly if the Root of the Flower-dc-Lis, and Crejfet be added to ir. Cardama fi jungas , his folves fortius ahum. It amends and cherirties the native Colour of the Body, that has been fpoiled by the yellow Jaundice, and cures the Dropfy and Spleen* if it be taken with Figs and Nitre. It is alfo an excellent Remedy for thofe that are troubled with the Squinfy, or any fwelling in the Throat, to walk and gargle it, if it be boiled with Figs. It eafes the Tooth- ach, being boiled in Vinegar, and ufed as a Gargle i and the hot Vapours of the De- codtion taken in at the Ears by a Funnel, cures the Inflammation of them. Matthiolus fays. That our Byffop is of thin - Parts, that it cuts and breaks tough Phlegm, it rarifies and thins that which is thick and grofs, it opens that which is flopped, and cleanfes that which is corrupt. For the Fal¬ ling* fi:knefs ufe the following Pills. Take of Hyff>p y Borehound and Cafior , of each half a Dram, of the Root of Peony (the Male kind is moft proper in this Difeafe) two Drams, of /Iff* foetid* one Scruple, let them be well beat, and made into feven Pills (or more if they be too big) with the Juice of Hyffop > and one of the greater, or two of the fmaller raken every Night go¬ ing to Bed, is the proper Dofe, and Time of taking it. For an inveterate or old Cough, take an Handful of Hyffp, two Ounces of Figs, and one Ounce of Sugar*candy * boil them in a Quart of Mufcadine, till half a Pint be con- fumed. Which being drained, and taken Morning and Evening, does much avail fuch as are troubled with an old Cough, by cau- fing the tough Phlegm to be more eafily ex¬ pectorated and voided. It helps to break Wind, brings the monthly Courfes, and eafes the (harp Fits of Agues. The green Herb bruifed, and a little Sugar put to it, quickly cures any green Wound or Cut in the Hand or in any other Parr. T JBLEX CVI. Fig. 2. GENUS XVI. Stoechas, CaffiBOtip, or JfrcitCS* iLasenoet;, by feme S>ttcaU(i?e. /^jSfltOOUV, is a Plant with a labiated ^ Flower, of one (ingle Leaf, whofe up¬ per Lip A is upright, and cut in two ; but the under Lip C is cut into three Parts : But both are fo cut, that at firft fight the Flow¬ er appears to be cut into five Segments. Out of the Flower-cup D rifes the Pointal E fix¬ ed like a Nail into the hinder Part of the Flower B, and attended as it were by four Embryo’s, which afterwards turn to fo many roundilh Seeds F, (hut up in the Husk G, which before was the Flower cup. To thefe Marks muft be added, That the Flowers of Caffiiony are ranged in a various Series into fcaley Heads H, out of the Tops of which peep out fome fmall Leaves I, very enter¬ taining to the Sight, which Clufius calls Membranous Tenons, The Species of CaJJidony are, I. Stoechas purpurea. C. B . Pin. 2 \ 6 . JPtttpIe Cafltoonp, Stoechas Arabica vulgd diEla. J. B. 3. 277. Stoechas brevioribus ligults. Cluf. Hift. 344. This is the Stoechas vulga¬ ris of Parkynfon • and the Stcechas five Spied Hortulana of Gerarde. This is a beautiful as well as ufeful Shrub, with a pretty thick ligneous Root, fending up ligneous Rods or Stalks, half a Yard or a Yard high, and divided inro feveral Bran¬ ches* The Leaves grow in Couples at the Joints, refembiing Lavender Leaves, and ouc of their Wings other fmaller Leaves, in good Number, being hoary and of an aromatick Tafte. Each of the’Branches is fquare, ge¬ nerally befet with Leaves, and end in pretty large Spikes above an Inch long, imbrica¬ ted with -hairy Scales, in which are purple Flowers. Befides. feveral fmall purple-vio- let*coloured Leaves, pleafant to the Sight, peep out at Top, fuch as may be feen in the Hcrminum Matthioli, A a a I found c-62 The Compleat Herbal. I found it in Gramont Foreft , and elfewhere about Montpelier , and likewife about half way betwixt Montpelier and Arles. Clufius lays it grows in many Parts of Spain , Portu¬ gal , and of the South of France , where it flowers in the Months of and May. Ic varies in the white Colour of its Flow¬ er, which is Parkjnfons Stcechas vulgaris flore alhoj which he takes by Miftake for the Stcechas lat if olia flore albo of C.Bauhinus. 2. Sicuchas cauliculis non foJiatis. C. Z?. pin. 2.6. Cafftfcorcp itittlj 8)talkg tljat tKcint Stcechas longioribus ligulis. Cluf.Hift. 344. This Caffidony differs but very little from the ordinary Kind : The chiefeft Differences obferved betwixt them are thefe ; The Tops of the Branches are bare, without Leaves upon them, for above an Hand*breadth in Length, quite to the Heads; and the Heads of thefe aie not quite fo large as the other, but longer', and have feyeral more hard, ftiff, and longer membranous purplifh Leaves riling above their Heads than are feen at any time in the other, which in feme Places have the Appearance of fome thin Pieces, like thin membranous Leaves, of a purple or blue Co- Jour : The Flowers, Seed and Roots are alike, and fo is the Smell. 3. Stcechas latifolia, flore albo* C. B. Pin. 21 6. CalTtsonp, ttitl) a mbite jflotoer. It has Leaves like the Leaves of Laven¬ der, and a large white Flower. Alpinus ga¬ thered it in Murena in Cajlile: Nor does C. Bauhinus fay any more of it, who is the only Author has mentioned it. 4. Stcechas Lulitanica, ligulis amplioribus, ex rofeo Sc purpureo colore variegatis. fttguefe Caflt&onp, tmtfc large SCenonjs uamgaten toxti) a rofv ana purple Co* iottr. 5. Stoechas Lulitanica, foliis viridibus, la- nuginofis. ^ojtuguefe Caflfocnv, LUttI) ^rcen OOtOUP 3 UabeS. An Stcechas viridis. J. B. 3. 27 9. The whole Plant is of a pleafant green Colour, with many Leaves upon the Stalks at diftances, two long, and feveral others much fhorter; having a roundilh Head on the Top of the Stalk, with two fmali Leaves at top, betwixt which appear yellow Flow¬ ers* Both Diojcorides and Pliny tells us^ that Stxchas grows in the Iflands of France , which lie over-againft Marfeilles , and are called Stce - chades, and that it received its Name from them. Now the Stcechades infuU are thought to be the fame that are called at this Day, les lfles d’leres , over-againfl Toulon. But Lobel contends that thole noble Nurfes of this moft rare Planr, thofe InfuU Stcecha¬ des which bear the fame Name with it, do not lie over-againft Marfeilles , as Diofcorides was made to believe, (for they are two Days fail from that and the Shore) but over-againft Olbia , commonly called Hyeres } a fmali Ci¬ ty formerly both noble and fpiendid, from which the InfuU Stcechades both took and Bill retain the Name (not. of Marfeilles, but) of Hyeres ; for they are called InfuU Hyeres. Lemery fays, it grows in great Plenty in Languedoc , and the lfles of Hyerel, called by the Amiencs Stcechades InfuU. It delights in dry and fandy Ground, and is brought dry to the Shops, where the Flowers only are ufed. Ic is called Arabian Stcechas , beCaufe the greateft Quantities are brought from thence : It is attenuating, cleanfing, opening, cephaliek, hyfterick, ftrengchens and com¬ forts the Brain, provokes Uriae and the Terms, refills Poifon, and removes Melancholy. Some fay this Plant grows near th eUbine] that it has a pretty large Flower, much of the Shape of Hops, of a fragrant Smell; that when growing they are yellow and bluifh, but when dried of a brown Colour and in Knobs. Thofe that are largeft, beft feented, and leaft broken, are the beft. Thefe-Flow- ers are diaphoretick and vulnerary, ufed chiefly in Difeafes of the Head and Nerves, and by their Fume dry up Defluxions. They may be ufed in Powder from a Dram to two Drams. A Lixivium or Lye of the Allies in fair Water, will kill Lice and Nits in the Head. The Spirit of this Flower is reckon¬ ed excellent againft all cold Difeafes of the Womb, as well as againft Wind, Gripes and Convulfions $ and exceeds Hungary- Wa¬ ter, taken either internally or applied exrer- nally* The Syrup of Stcechas is given in Coughs, Catarrhs and Barrennefs* Stcechas the Com fie at Herbal. 363 hcecbai is put into Antidotes, ». e. fach The firft Species of this C/ttntint (hoots Medicines as are Remedies againft, or Cures up, from a ligneous Roor, a Stalk a Cubit or for Infedion and Poil'on. Mefues fays it two Cubits high and better, fquare, hairy, purees cleanfes, and refolves all Obftra&i- reddilh towards the Bottom, otherwtie hoary, ons of’the Liver, Spleen, and other Vi/ctra. concave with many Wings, and tbofe always It hinders Putrefa&ion, .and corrects any In- oppofite to one another, in Pairs ; m which temperature. By the Imall aftringent Qua- Order, tho* not in the fame Number, the lity that is in it, it ftrengthens the Brain Leaves bud forth at the Joints, being hairy, and Sinews, the Hearr, and all the other in- hoary, Handing upon long Foot-ftalks, like ward Parts. It purges black Choler and the Leaves of the great Neit/e or Eaulm, both Phlegm, as well from the Head and Brain, in Shape and Jaggs, of a burning Tafte, as from the Sinews and other Inftruments of and a Mint Smell, but more ftrnkmg. The the Senfes, and likewife comforts them. Ic Flowers come forth in Ciufters on the Tops is very effedual in all cold DiHempers, ufed of the Stalks and Branches, out of the in Drinks, Baths, or Fomentations. An Oil Wings of the Leaves, upon the fame corn- made of it, and fomented, gives life as it mon Footftalk, each of them fitting in a were to the Brain and Sinews, by warming, fingle Flower-Cup, divided into five (harp comforting and invigorating them. Segments, being crelted with a Creft cut in two,- with a hallow Lip dented in the Edge, marked within with a Line of purplifh Spots* The Flowers tend chiefly to one Side. It flowers in June and July , and is fre¬ quently to be met with in the Country about Cambridge and elfewhere about Hedges. Cataria, Catttltltt* The iecond Species, which is very beau¬ tiful, grew in Glufius's Garden, from a Seed is a Plant wich a Iabiated Flower fenc him from Spain , having Stalks half a 4 of one fingle Leaf, whofe upper Lip A, Yard high, fquare, jointed, and many Branches is upright, roundifh, and cut in two ; but the (hooting from them : The Leaves are oblong under Lip is divided into three Parts, the and narrow, dented round the Edges and middle Part C, being hollow like a Spoon ; hoary, of a flronger Smell than the Leaves and the reft D D, like Wings binding a large of the common Catmint , and of a burning Orifice or opening, placed between the two Tafte. The Flowers grow in Spikes on the Lips. Out of the Flower-Cup E, rifes the Tops of the Branches, and are white, re- Pointal F, fixed like a Nail into the hinder fembling the Flowers of common Catmint . Part of the Flower B, and attended as it Then the Seed which is contained in fmall were by four Embryo’s, which afterwards Flower-Cups, is black, and much like Ca- turn to fo many roundifh Seeds G, (hut up lamint Seed. The Root is hard, fibrous, in a Husk H, which before was the Flow- perennial, bearing new Stalks every Year. er-Cup. Ic flowers in June and July. The third Species has fquare brownilh The Species of Catmint are, Stalks, a Foot high, branching forth, on 1. Cataria major, vulgaris. l&tgCt which are fee Leaves fmalier than the for- ccmmon CatttUttt. Mentha Cataria , major mer, being fomewhat broad, airnoft trian- & vulgaris. C. B* Pin. 228. Mentha Cat a- gular, and hoary. The Flowers are fmall ria, 1 . B. 3* Part 2. 225. Cataria Herba. and whirifh, fee or placed Spike-falhion at Dod. Pempr. 99. Top, like the common Kind. 2. Cataria minor, vulgaris. Common fntnn Ic grows, on hilly-Places about Naples in Catmint. Mentha Cataria minor. C. B. Italy. Pin. 228* Cataria tenui folio . Cluf. Hift. 33. 4. Cararia anguftifolia, major. SCfje 3. Cataria minor alpina. SCfjO fmalkc greater nati’OttMteatteD Catmint. Mentha Catmint of f(j£ 3 Ipg. Mentha Cataria, Al- Cataria, angujiifolia major, C. B. 228* Men- pina. C B. Pin. 228. Nepetilla. Eyft. tha Cataria , Plifpantca, angujlicribns fc'iiis. A a a z LB. TABLE XCVI. Fig. 3. GENUS XVII. The Cotnplcat Herbal. P4 I. B* 3. Part 2* 226. Cataria folio longiorc. Dod. Pempr. 99. This is the Nepeta pe- regrina angufiifolia of Parkjnfon; and the Mentha Cat aria angufiifolia of Gerarde. This Species, by the Description of ZW wrinkled, notched round the Edges, and of a difagreeable hea¬ vy Smell. The Flowers Banding upon two Foot-Balks do fomewhat refemble a Spike with many Wherles, being of a carnation Colour, and mark’d within with deep red Spots. The Seeds are two or three, and are ob¬ long and reddifli. The Tops are purplifti $ and the Tafte of the Leaves is difagreeable. 7. Cataria Hifpanica, Betonicae folio an- gufliori, flore albo. &pamtfj CatmillttMtl) a narrow H 5 etonp ileaf, aim a totwe plotter* Mentha Cataria Hifpanica , olim mihi Sideritis altijfima , flore albo. I. B. 3. 226* 8* Cataria Hiipamca, fupina, Betonica; folio, tuberofa Rad ice. iLotU ^pam'flj Cat^ mint tottl? a JPetonp ileaf, arm a Imobbp Moot. Mentha tuberofa radice. C. B. Pin. 227. Mentaftrum tuberofa radice* I. B. 3. Part 2. 227. Mettafhum tertinm , tuberofa radice, Cluf. Hiff. 33. This Species has Stalks half a Yard high* fquare, upright, fomewhat harry, with a great many Knots on them. The Leaves are iongifh, rugged, fomewhat notched round the Edges, not unlike our feventh Nep } fays Cltifius , but fomewhat more hoary, nor of a fweet Smell, and of a bitter and biting Tafte. The topmoft Branches with the higheft Stalk end in foft Spikes of fmall (lender Leaves, among which grow little Stalks compofed after the manner of Wherles, from whence proceed white Flowers, refemblmg the Flowers of common Catmint. When they decay, they are fucceeded by Seed e- qual to the Seed of that other, which is (mall and black. The Root is thick and full of Sap, very much like the fiadi/h Root, fomewhat brown without, and has a great many fmall Knobs growing or adhering to it at the Sides, and has other longifh Fibres hanging at it, is perennial, and produces feveral Stalks every Year: Nay, the very Knobs broke off from the mother Root, and covered over with Earth, do fometimes produce new Plants* This Plant grew up to Clufius from a Seed he had received from Spain. 9. Cataria Lufitanica, erecfta, Beroniae folio, tuberofa radice. tUfpjtOjjt J&0 tfty pefe Catmint, imtfj a Betonp ileaf, anti a ftnobbetl Moot. Cataria radice tuberofa , flore car u/eo, J i pic at 0. V. Lufitan. Nepeta tu¬ berofa , fpicata , purpurea , Hifpanica* Bocc. Muf. Part 2. 44. Tab. 36. It rifes a Yard high. It grows on the Hills of Nurfia and Pavia , and on the Hills of Spain. The Plant communicated to me by Dr. Sherard , had Leaves very much like Nettle Leaves, very long Spikes, compofed of a great many very thick-fet and clofe Wherles. Hay.* 10. Cataria Lufitanica, Betonicae folio, minor, radice (ibrofa. # (mailer JBo^tll^ pefe Catmint, tottlj $ JSetonp ilea£ anti a fitooug Moot. 11. Cataria The Compleat Herbal. 365 11. Cataria Cretica, humilis, fcordioides. Catmint, tL’ttlj CtllmilX Italics, fylkCS lotn Canw Catmint I ike ©Mater jHotoers, anti a purple jHotonvcttp. dDgntt&unCf. Scordium a(terum y lanuginofiw, 20. Cataria orientalis, Lavandulae flore. vertidlUtum . C. B. Pin. 248. Scordole prirm SDnental Catmint, ttutl) a ^al^utics legitimo di Plinio. Pon. Bald- Ital. ?0. Scor~ jHotet\ dotii. P. Alp. Exor. 283. The Species of Catmint may be known, It bears woolly Leaves like Mentafirum even when they want both Flowers and or white Horehound : It fpreads quite around Fruit, by a certain peculiar Smell, which, upon the Ground, with many Branches is biting and aromatick, and by its hoary coming from the Root, (which is big and Leaves. perennial,) which are fquare cover’d over This Plant is called Nepeta and Cataria with Wooll or Flox, as in Horehound , on indifferently. Nepeta , fays Martinius , from whole Tops Band Flowers like thofe of Nepa, which fignifies a Scorpion, becaufe ; it white Horehound in a cercain large Spike, to is a Remedy again# thefe and all other ve- which fucceeds black Seed, ihe whole nomous Creatures. Plant is larger and thicker than the common It is called Mentha Cataria by the Mor water Germander . derns, and was not perhaps known to the It grows every where among Rocks and Ancients ; on the account of the agreeable Stones, on Sides of Roads, and on the Bor- Spectacle it yields ; for when a Cat has ders of manur’d Fields. It has the Smell of fmelt it (even before Ihe has well feen it) Garlicky like Scordium , and almoft all over hugg’d it and kifs’d ir, wantonly running C^ndy the Sellers of Perfumes and Oint- upon ir, and fcouring away from it by ments ufe this Herb promifeuoufly for Scor - turns, and has rub’d herfelf again# it very dium* much and long, ufing ftrange Poftures in 12. Cataria Cretica, Melifla: folio, Af- playing with it, ihe at laft eats it up and phodeli radice. Catmint, tUttl) a devours it entirely. 3 Lraf, anD an $fpI)Dtttl ilOOt. This Herb is accounted hot and dry in the 13. Cataria orientalis, humilis, Lamii third Degree ; it confifts of fmall and fubtie folio. £DjlCUtaI Catmint, toitf) ^CCljait^ Parrs, it attenuates and opens. Its principal gel llcaf. Ufe is in the Difeafes of the Womb, (vi%, 14. Cataria orientalis, minima, Lamii ObftrudHons) in Barrennefs, in expelling the folio, flore longilfimo. ftttalteft Foetus, as alfo in cutting the Tartar of the ratal Catmint, Init!) Srcljangel lie af. Lungs. It is ufed externally in Baths for mm a brrp long jTIotncr. the Womb. 15. Cataria orientalis, Teucrii folio, La- Hoffman fays that the Root of this Plant vandulae odore, verticillis florum crafiiflimis. chewed makes meek and gentle Perfons to £D?icntal Catmint, tnit!) a %>K become fierce and wrathful ; and acquaints manUrt 2 Uaf, tljc iDmrli of llalicnorr, US that Turneiferw lays down an ObferVation ann berp thick OTfyCtte of JflOtBCrg. concerning a Hangman, that was other wife 16. Cataria orientalis, Teucrii folio, flo- gentle and pufiUanimous, who never had the ribus rarioribus. ^Djicntal Catmint, tOttfj Courage to behead or hang any One, till he a SCrr^CermanOer 3 Leaf, ano tl)tu 4 et had firft chewed the Root of Catmint . Jplomcr0. ... .. I have often feen this Plant, when rranf- 17. Cataria orientalis, minor, foliis He- planted from the Fields to a Garden, wholly Jiotropii. SCI)C fmftUcv Oriental Catmint, tore and deftroyed by Cats, who bit it with fcuth SCttrnfol llca^ro. their Mouth, and welrer’d upon it with their 18* Cataria orientalis, folio fubrotundo, whole Body ; inform ch that the Ground flore intensb caeruleo. ^Djtrntal Catmint, mark’d and made fmooth with their tum- Mt\) ft rotmutft ilcaf, anh a toetp tytgljt bling Upon it, has difeovered the Place kluc^coiouceti ^lOlDCC. where they bad devoured the Plant : Nor 19. Cataria orientalis, foliis oblongis, could I ever yet obferve any thing like this floribus fpicatis, calyce purpureo. gDjtentai dene to any other Plant b ought from the Fields 'the Com pic at Herbal. Fields to a Garden. For all that I have ever hitherto tranfplanted, have remained untouch’d by a Cat, except this alone, which was always thus deftroyed; unlefs guarded and fenc’d round with Thorns, as I have often found, and that in more Places than one. But if it be defended for fome time, till it grows up and bears Flowers, it will continue afterwards untouch’d, as will thofe Plants that rife from fall’n Seed ; fo that the Cats feem to be fond of it when it is decayed and old, but defpife it when it is in its full Growth and Vigour : Which gave Occafion to this Englifh Rhyme : If you fee it, the Cats will eat it ; If you fow it, the Cats cant know it, Ray. Catmint , fays Mr. Tournefort, is aroma- tick, acrid, bitter, and does not redden blue Paper, which difeovers to us, that it con¬ tains a volatile, aromatick, oily Salt, in which the urinous Part is predominant; as well as in artificial volatile oily Salt. This Plant is very opening, and is proper to pro¬ voke the Terms, and to cure the Vapours. It muft be taken after the manner of Tea, or by Infufion in Wine. Taberncemontanus fays, That Catmint boil'd in Water and Ho¬ ney cures the Jaundice, and a violent Cough. It is commonly ufed for walking of the Feet in the Green-Sicknels. TABLE XCVII. Fig. i. GENUS XVIII. Betonica, 05CtOJtp. 'DdfrtCUP is a Plant with a labiated Flower " of one Angle Leaf, whofe upper Lip A, is upright and imbricated, and commonly cut in twobut the under Lip is divided into three Parts, the twiddle Part B, being the largeft, and fplit in two. Out of the Flower-Cup C, rifes the Pointal D, fix’d like a Nail into the hinder Parc of the Flower E, and attended as it were by four Embryo’s, which afterwards turn to fo ma¬ ny long Seeds F, flint up in a Husk H, which before was the Flower-Cup. To thefe Marks muft be added, That the Flowers of Beteny grow in Wherles and Spikes upon the Tops of the Stalks H. The Species of this Plant are, 1. Betonica purpurea. C. B. Pin. 235. ffiCtOltp. Betpnica vulgaris, purpu¬ rea. I. B. 301. Betonica. Dod. Pempt, 4. This common Wood-Betony rifes with a great many fquare Scalks, above half a Yard high, and jointed at great Diftances : Some of the Leaves grow in Couples over jfgainft one another at the Joints of the Stalks, and others lie fpread upon the Ground without any Order, being furnilh’d with Foot-ftalks about a Palm long, and are notched round the Edges, wrinkled, rugged, hairy, and having an aromatick Tafte. The fpiked Flowers fiand upon the Tops of the Stalks, being ranged in Wherles : Below the Spike at fome Diftance, there is one Wherle of Flowers that encompafles the Stalk. Now thefe Flowers are purple, with a roundilh Creft turning back, and a Lip divided into three Parrs, hanging down ; out of the Mid¬ dle of the Opening fpring up Stamina or Threads of the fame Colour with the Flower. The FIower>Cup is divided into five Segments, and is fliort and gaping. The Wherles are thick-fec, nor are there leverai Flowers upon one Foot (talk, as in Calamint and Catmint. The Root is an Inch thick, with many long Sprays hanging at it. Clufius fays there are two Sorts of this common W?ood-Betony ; for one has a fhorter Spike of Flowers, and flowers earlier : But the other ; has a longer, fofter, and browner Spike of Flowers, and difplays its Flowers later. This latter ufes to grow to a greater Height than the former, tho’ it grow wild in the fame Place, or be cultivated in the fame Bed. 2. Betonica rubicundifllmo flore, Montis aurei. H. Par. I&tOtiP tottl) a befp ret> Jflofter, of Mom d’or tn #ubetgne. ' 3. Betonica alba. C. B. Pin . 23^. tMIjtfC Jgetonv* Betonica flore albo. I. B. 3 * 302. Betonica albido flere. Dod. Pempt. 3P» This Betony differs in no one Thing from the firft, fo much as in the Colour of the Flowers, which are wholly white, without any Spots at all in them ; only the Leaves may ieem to be a little greener, and the fpiked A. The Compleat Herbal. 3 67 fpiked Head of Flowers fomewhat fmaller than the other. Mr. [{ay is of opinion, that it ought not ro be reckoned a different.Species from it, tho‘ our Author is of another Mind. 4. Betonica major, Danica. Park* Theat* 6 14. JB?oa& 4 eab’ti a SDamtl) S&etonp* Nor does this great Berony differ from the common Sort in any other Thing, than in the Largenefs of the Leaves, being twice, and in fome fometimes three or four times as large as the common Species, of a ftrong and almolt linking Smell. The Stalk like- wife is ftronger and grows higher, and the Heads of purpie Flowers are larger 5. Betonica minima, Alpina, Helvetica. Park- T beat. 614. Entail ^CMUtaUt SBfc* ronn. This differs from the former, -only in the Smallnefs of all its Parrs, vi%. Leaves, Stalks, and Flowers. 1 have been (hewn a fmaller Species of Be tony growing wild here in England • but I am in doubt whether it differs really in Species from the common Sort, or whether it does not owe its Smallnefs to the Soil where it grows. I{ay. 6 . Betonica Alpina, latifolia, major, vil- lofa, flore luteo. H. !{. Par. <£%eat, IttOatL?' leant*, Tjatrp iBetonp of tlje $1pstj Uutij a pdlOlB JflOten Betonica montana, lutea. Bar. Icon. Betonica montana , lutea, latifolia . 60cc. Muf. Part 2. 82. Tab. 72. 7. Betonica arvenfis, annua, flore ex albo flavefeeme. 3 nntta! JPieUteSBetoitp, Patti) a Pa!)tttfla Vt \XotD jHolner* Sideritis arvenfis, latifolia, glabra* C. B. Pin. 233. Sideritis glabra, arvenfis. I. B» 3. 427. Alyjfum ma - jus. Tabern. Icon. 541. jbm 00 tljer 4 ean’tl, pellonLftotnereti jfteln^rontoo#* It ftands upon an annual, white, ligneous Root, furnifhed with fcveral large Fibres, and of a fweetifh Tafte. From thence rifes a Angle Stalk, commonly a Foot high, Arm, fquare, hairy, (hooting forth Branches in Couples over againfl one another. The Leaves are broader than thofe of the Lada- num fegetum , (landing upon Foot-ftalks, gra¬ dually ending in a (harp Point from a broad Bottom, notch’d or dented with great Teeth, covered with a (hort and manifeft Down, and foft to the Touch. The crefted Flowers are rang’d Umbrella-faftiion on the Tops of the Stalks and Branches, (ticking out with a long Pipe, white* and hairy within, with fome Tin&ure of yellow or green. The La¬ bel of the Flower, which is divided into three Segments, is painted within with a deep Spot or Stain, mix’d of Yellow and Green. The Flower-cups end in five final! Prickles, containing large dark brown Seeds. It flowers with us in England in the Month of July , or about the Beginning of Auguft. It grows very common among the Corn in the Weftern Parc of York/hire, vi%. about Wakefield, Darfield, Sheffield, 8cc. I have like wife met with it very often beyond . Sea : But I cannot help wondring why all the Botanifis who have wrote about it, have al¬ ways called it fmooth. [{ay. 8 * Beconica matitima, flore ex luteo pal— lefceme. tal(t, anu a tcrv large plotter. This Plane is called in Greek, wr&v Ceftron a remediorum copin & varietate, from the A- bundance and Variety of its Virtues. The Word Cfjlron hath divers Significations; for Stiidas takes it for a Kind of Dart, and So¬ phocles for a Prickle or any pointed Thing. Others do hereby underftand Books]conuining much Variety of Matter; and Pliny , fpeaking of graving, fays anciently there were two Ways, the one in Wax, the other in Ebore Ceftroy i. e. Verruculo, which both in Greek and Latin denotes the ftiarp-pointed Tool, wherewith they graved in Ivory. It is called in Latin, Betonica , and Vetonica, ab inventoribus Vetonibus Hifpanice populjis , from a People of Spain called Vetones y or VeBones, who were the firft that difeovered it. Antonins Mufa, Phyfician to the Emperor Auguftus, wrote a whole Book concerning the Vertues of this Plant, from whence it came to be in fo much Efteem, that they have a Proverb in Italy to this Purpofe : Vende la tonica, e compra la Betonica f Sell your Coat, and buy Betony. And when they would praife any one very much, they fay, He has more Vertues than Betony . Tu hai piu ’virtu che non hd la Betonica . A great many Vertues are aferibed to this Plant taken or applied any how. Schroder gives them in Ihort thus, It is biting and bitter. It difeufles, attenuates, opens, and cleanfes. It is a principal Cephalick, He- patick, Splenetick, Thoracick, Uterine and Vulnerary, and laft of all Diuretick. From hence it comes to be frequently ufed both internally and externally, efpecialiy in the Difeafes of the Head. It is, fays Pliny, ante cunBas laudatijjima, of all the Herbs known to us, it delerves the higbeft Commendations. Mufa fays it preserves the Lives and Bodies of Men from Danger of Difeafes, and from Witchcrafts ; and it is found by daily Experience, as Dio- Jcorides had related before, to be good in in¬ numerable Diftempers ; for ic cures thofe who either loath or cannot digeft their Vi- dfuais; fuch as have weak Stomachs, fower Belchings, or continual Rifings in their Sto¬ machs, if they ufe it frequently, either green or dry, either the He; b, the Root, or the Flow¬ ers in Broth ; or made into Conferve, Syrup; Eledhiary, Water or Powder, according to the Inclination of every different Patient, or as the Time and Seafon requires. It cures the Jaundice, Falling-ficknefs, I alfy, Convulfions cr flmnking of the Si¬ news, the Gout and Dropfy. Ir relieves fuch as have continual Pains in their Head, nay even tho’ it fhould turn to a Frenzy. The Powder of the dried Plant mixed with pure Honey is no lefs available for all Sorts of Coughs or Colds, Wheezing and Shortnefs of Breath, Diftillations of thin Rheum upon the Lungs, which caufes Confumptions. The Deco&ion made with Mead, and a little Pennyroyal added to it, is good for fuch as are troubled wich putrid Agues, whether quotidian , tertian , or quartan , that rifes from any Diforder in the Stomach. This draws down and evacuates the Blood and Hu¬ mours, which by falling down upon the Eyes, do hinder the Sight. The Deco&ion in Wine kills the Worms in the Belly ; is good to open the Obftrudions both of the Liver and Spleen, and for Stitches or other Pains in the Sides or Back, for gripings of the Guts, and Bowels, and the Wind-Cho- lick. The fame brings down the monthly Terms, and is very effe&ual for curing fuch as are troubled with the Fits of the Mother, for caufing a fpeedy and eafy Delivery to Women in Travail. It helps to break and expel the Stone, either in the Kidneys or Bladder. The Decodiion with Wine, ufed as a Gargle, eafes the Tooth-ach. It is commended againft the Sting or Biting of venomous Serpents, and mad Dogs, both ufed inwardly, and applied outwardly,or laid upon the Wound. It is faid alfo to hinder Drunkennefs, if it is taken beforehand, and quickly to remove it afterwards. A Dram of the Powder of Betony with a little Honey, in fome Vinegar, does wonderfully refiefii fuch as are over fatigued with hard Labour. Ic flays Bleeding at the Mouth or Nofe, and cures fuch as pifs or fpit Blood. The green Herb bruifed, or the Juice, applied to any Hurt or green Wound in the Head or Body, will quickly heal and clofe it up ; as alfo any Vein or Sinew that is cut; and will alio draw forth any broken Bone, Splinter, Thorn, or any fuch Thing, got into the Flefti. It is no lefs effectual in all The Compleat Herbal. 3 69 all putrid Sores and Ulcers, even tho* they be fiftulous and hollow ; but for this Pur- pofe fome advife to put a little Salt to ir. The Root of this Plant is found to be of very different Qualities from the Leaves and Flowers, as being difagreeable to the Tafte, and noxious to the Stomach, caufing Loath¬ ing, Vomiting, and Belching : Whereas the Leaves and Flowers, by reafon of their fweet and aromatick Tafte and Smell, are refrefh- ing, agreeable, and beneficial both in Food and Phyfick. ?n r k- Some who are troubled with Pains in their Head, are wont to fmoak the dried Leaves, either alone, or mixed with Tobacco, with good Succefs, Tea made of the dried Leaves of Betony , Woood-Sage , and Ground-Bine , fweetned and drunk warm, is a Remedy of admirable Efficacy for the Gour, Headacb, and the Af- fetftions of the Nerve?. D. Bowie. N- B . The ]uice of all Plants, after having ftood fome Time, and turn’d clear by the Faeces fubfiding, appear to have fome Sort of red Timfture, fome paler and fome deep¬ er, But of all that I have ever feen, the Juice of common Betony is the pureft, and leaft coloured. I had this from D. Sam. Fifher , Phyfician at Sheffield* F{ay. The Leaves of this Plant have an herby faltilh Tafte ; they are fomewhat aromatick, and do not redden blue Paper : The Flower reddens it a very little, as well as the Root, which is confiderably bitter. Betony is as full of Sulphur as it can hold, mixed with a little volatile oily Sale, and Earth. By a Chymical Analyfis , there is drawn frem this Plant Abundance of Oil, little Earth, and fixed Salt, no concrete volatile Salt, but a Imall Quantity of urinous Spirit. Betony is vulnerary, aperitive, diuretick, lenitive, and proper in the Difeafes of the Head and the lower Belly* The Leaves of it are ufed like Tga, for Vapours, for the Sciatica, for the Gour, for Headachs, for the Jaundice, and for the Palfy. The Pcifan of the Leaves of Betony , the Warer in which it has been infufed cold, the Conferve of its Flowers, the Syrup of its Flowers and Leaves, the Juice and Extra# of thofe Parts, have all the fame Virtues. Thofe Medicines do like- wife procure Expe&oration, and bring away purulent Matter : They confolidate internal Wounds, reftore the Fun#ions of the Prim* via or Firft PafTagcs, provoke Urine, and remove Obftru#ions that are in the Vifcera or Bowels. Of the Leaves of Betony is made a Powder for Snuff, a Plaifter for Wounds, efpecially for Wounds in the Head. The Roots have not the fame Vertues ; for they purge both upwards and downwards. Tournefort* T ABLE XCVII. Fig. 2. GENUS XIX. Ocimum, 'Bad* UaftI is * Plant with a labiated Flowei of one fingle Leaf, whofe upper Lip A, is uprighr, roundifh, notched, and larger than the under Lip B, which is generally curPd, or gently cut. Out of the Flower- cup C, riles the Point*] D, fix’d like a Nail into the hinder Part of the Flower E, and attended as it were by four Embryp’s, which afterwards turn to fo many oblong Seeds G, fhut up in a Husk which before was the Flower-cup. This fame Husk is divided into two Lips, of which the upper H, is upright and fplic in two \ but the un¬ der I, has a great many Cuts. The Species of JI5aftl are, I. Ocimum Caryophyllatum Monacho^ rum, five Acinos Columnar. J* B. 3. 260* CIot^gtllMotec JBalii of t\yt $3onks, or Columnar twin Baftl. Acinos Diofco- ridis. £ol. Phytob. 23. This is the Acinos lsitifolia Columna of Parkinfon 3 and the Aci¬ nos odotatiffirrium of Gerarde. Ic has the Leaves of Baulm y but longer, and fomewhat notched. The Stalk, which is a Cubit and a half high, and fometimes higher, is fquare, hairy, but not briftly, branched, green like the Leaves, which are hairy and even wich long Foot-ftalks. Be¬ twixt thefe Leaves are other Leaves at about the Diftance of three Fingers Breadth. Ic has a Flower and SeedTpike, like the other Bafils , and each Spike has as it were feme other Branches of Spikes growing to them. The Seed of this is Imaller and rounder than the others, fomewhat red and blackdh. The whole Plant, except the Roor, has both a B b b moft 37° T/?e Compleat Herbal. moft lively Smell and Tafte of Clove-gilly- Flowers . The Leaves pierce and bite the Tongue like Gilly-flower. The older the Plant is, fo much fharper and ftrongerfmell’d are the Leaves. This is the Defcription of the Monks who have commented upon Mefu'e, produced by J. Bauhinus- 2. Ocimum foliorum ffmbriis ad Endiviam '* accedenribus, maximum. L, Bat . 2 Clj£ great Bad!, toitb tke fringes of ttg jLeabes nen> mud) refembling Onmne. 3. Ocimum iatifoiium. maculatum yel crif- pum. c. B. Fin. 22$. B^at^lea^'D, fpot^ teO 0? curl’ts Bafil. Ocimum fanftomauri- tamim , latum , crifpum, maximum . I. B. 3. P*?rt 2. 249. Ocimum Indicum. Cluf. Hilt. 352 . Ic grows to be a Cubic high, with fquare Stalks befet with thin-fet Hairs, which are divided by Branches oppolhe to one another. The Leaves which are fee at the Joints, are perfe&iy round, large, curl’d, fringed, of a dark green Colour, or fpotted by a Mixture of Red, and of a fragrant Smell. The Flow¬ ers are like thofe of common Bafil, being Wherle-falhioned, and rang'd into a Spike, and are of a light red Colour. The Seed is fomewhat larger, black, betwixt oblong and round, and Ihut up in foliaceous Heads. The Seed was firft lent from the Indies into Spain, and from thence into Italy, Ger¬ many, &c. The Ocimum crifpum of Parlfinfon, with green fringed Leaves, the Crifpum viride • £yft. the Ocimum viride foliis bullatis . C. B. and the Indicum viride majus foliis protuber an¬ tibus. Eyft. feem to be nothing elle but fome degenerated Species or accidental Varieties of the Ocimum Indicum now deferibed, grow¬ ing from the Seed, as Parlfinfon alfo be¬ lieves. 4. Ocimum viride, foliis bullatis. dBtfetl Bafil, tnitl) fttt&ueo lUalMS. Ocimum vi¬ ride , majus, foliis protuber antibus • Eyft. 5. Ocimum foliis fimbriatis, viridibus. c. b* pin. 225. Bafil tmtir fringes green 3te&t)£0. Ocimum crifpum viride . Eyft. 6 . Ocimum Caryophyliatum, maximum. C* B* Pin. 225. Ocimum Iatifoiium, maxi¬ mum. jqj z. greatest Clo^giUv^oto^ Bafil* 7. Ocimum Caryophyliatum' majus. C. B . pin. 226. 2C!)e greater Ciobe^gillp^flottier Bafil. Ocimum magnum. ]. B. 3. Part 2.246. Ocimnm tertium , maximum. Dod« Pempt. 279. This has a Leaf twice or thrice as large as the common Sort, oblong, notch’d with thin-fet Notches, of a pale green Colour, or Red. (for there is a double Sort of this Bafily White, and Red) fmelling fweet of Orange or G illy-flowers. The Flowers are fpiked, and Red or White. I have frequently obferved this beautiful Plant in Italy with Stalks half a Yard high, and Leaves larger than thofe of the Amaran- thus or Mercuriality Handing in their Dining- Rooms and Parlours, or upon their Win¬ dows, and in their Flower-Gardens, fowed and raifed in Earthen Pots ; as Matthiolus juftly obferves. Bay. C. Bauhinus diftinguiftes the Bafil in the Green-houfes of Egypt , which Alpinus fays grow above three Cubits h : gh, with Leaves longer and fmaller than ours, dyed with a red Colour, and breathing a molt delicious Smell, from the former Species, and calls ic Ocimum c ary ophy flat urn , maximum j but whe¬ ther he is in the right muft be left to the Curious to examine. 8* Ocimum nigrum, majus, acuto Ruta? odore. h. l. B. 2 Elje greater black 13 a®, tmd) tbe quick Amtell of &tte. 9. Ocimum Cirri odore. C. B. Pin. 226. Bafil fmeiling like Benton oj Citron. Ocimum medium five citratrum. Tabern. Icono 343’ This Citron Bafil does not differ in the Manner of growing from the greater ordi¬ nary Garden-Bafil; but branches out like it, with Leaves fet by Couples at the Joints, but much larger, and of a reddifh Colour in the hotter Countries, but not fo in the colder, a little dented about the Edges, of a very fweet Smell, refembling a Citron Peel, and therefore called Citratum. The Flowers are white like the ordinary Bafil, and the Seed black like it. It perilhes after it has flowered and feeded. 10. Ocimum Anifi odore. C. fi. Pin. 226. Bafil fmeiling like #uif£, Ocimum Ani- fatum * Eyft* This 'The Comp!eat Herbal. 271 This Bafil is of the fame Sort with our ordinary Garden-Bafil, and of a middle Kind, with Leaves neither fo large as the greater, nor fo fmall as the lefler Kinds, but of a middle Size betwixt both ; the Difference confifts chiefly in the Smell, which is very near the Smell of Anifeed. 11. Ocimum vulgatius. C* B . Pin. 226. Common Bafil. Ocimum medium , vulga¬ tius & nigrum * ]. B. 3. Part 2. 247. Ocimum magnum . Taber* Icon. 343 * This is the Oci m mum vulgare majus of P arkinfon^ and the Ocimum medium citratum of Gerardo’. This Plant rifes nine Inches high, and fnreads out into feveral fquare, fomewhat reddifh and hairy Branches. The Leaves re¬ ferable the Leaves of Parietaria , but are fmailer, and fmooth, fometimes cut in on the Edges, and fometimes not at all, of a fragrant Smell, but of no remarkable Tafte* The Flowers are wheifd, rang d into a long Spike, fweet fmelling, of a white or purplifh Colour, with a Jongifh narrow La¬ bel, to which anfwers on the other Side a Leaf turning upwards, and divided into four Jaggs; having whiti (h Stamina or Threads (hooting up out of the Opening, with a purple Pointal. The Seed is very fmall and blackifh. The Root is ligneous, black and fibrous. From this common middle Baft! , C. Bau - hinus diftinguiQaes the Ocimum citri odore , i. e. the Ocimum medium citratum. Ad. Lob. But fince they do not differ in any Manner, as Lobsl fays, unlefs in the more agreeable and delightful Smell, fmelling very much like Citron ; he feems to diftinguiffi them without any real Foundation in Nature. 12. Ocimum vulgatius, foliis ex nigro vi- refcentibus, flore albo. H. R. Par. Cottle mon Baftl, tottly ben> track green JLeatiejg, ano a mljtfte jflclm. 13. Ocimum vulgatius, foliis ex nigro vi- refcentibus, flore violaceo. H. R. Par. CCHte mon mitWerp nark green lleabc?, ann a mtolee^cclottren iFlotet. 14. Ocimum medium, crifpum, conglo- merara brevique fpica. H. ft. Par. ®t>tilO ctuTo Bafil, mttl) a conglomerates ann ftojt ^pthe. 15. Ocimum minus, anguftifolium, foliis fermis. c, B% pin* 226 . Cntaller nar.* rotmdean’n Bafil, toitfc notrij’n iieabes* Ocimum minus , anguftifolium , flore albo. Eyffi This is not fo much branched as the fore¬ going Bafils , but rather feems to refembie wild Baftl or Clinopodium , with its fewer Stalks, and thinner-fec Branches. It has fmall narrow Leaves, a little dented about the Edges, growing always at the Knots ia Pairs, being thin-fer, and fpread along the Branches, or at a good Diftance from one another. The Flowers are placed on the Tops of the fmall Branches, refemblicg thole of the common Baftl , but fomewhat more turning back, and of a whitifh Colour. The Smell is more faint and dull than in the other Bcfiils. 16. Ocimum minus, anguftifolium, bnl- latis foliis. H. ft. Par. %\)C fmallec Mt* rofeleatfo Baftl mitlj tfuDoeo 3 ieabes. 17. Ocimum tricolor. H* ft- Par. %} colours Baftl. 18* Ocimum minimum. C. B. Pin. 22 < 5 j fmallcft Baftl. Ocimum Caryophyila - turn, minus * Tabcrn. Icon. 344. This Plant is a Palm high or a little more* growing with very numerous thick-fet ligne¬ ous Branches, upon which are fet Leaves re- fembling the Leaves of Mother of Thyme , or Marjoram , berwixt round and oblong, green* ifh or red, of a moft lively, brisk and fweet: Smell of Gillyflowers. The fmall Flowers are ranged Wherle fafhion upon the Tops of the Branches. The Root is fibrous* This is a much tenderer Plant than the common Sort ; nor does it eafily bring its Seed to fall Ripenefs in this Country. ip. Ocimum minimum foliis ex purpura nigricantibus. H. ft. Par . SDljC’ fmailcft Baftl, tint!; ileabes of a black tutrple Colour* The Species of Baftl may be known, even when they want both Flower and Fruit, by a certain peculiar, aromatick and fweet-Smell. Varro writes, that Ocimum received its Name from the Greek. Word *>Vo/V, becaufb it grows up very quickly. T heophrafttts fays that it comes up the third Day after it is fown. But the mote learned Botanifls (fays Jo. Bodaus d Stapel) affirm that this Etymo¬ logy agrees to wild Baftl ; but they derive the Garden-Baftl dirt fts b£ziv redolere , to fme^ fweet: For it is a Plant of a very fine Smell, ^which ftrikes the Brain with its Smell, and B b b 2 makes 37 a The Co tuple at Herbal . makes one fneeze ; and they are of Opinion that it might more properly be written 0 %i- mum with a Z. The fame Author tells us that Qcymum differs from Ocimum ; for Ocy - mus is a Sort of Forage or Food for Cattle. Ocymum quod in vinca feri jubcnt , antiqui ap- psftibant pabulum, umbra fattens, quod cefe- riter proveniat : But Ocimum is a iweet-fmell- ing Herb : Bat it mutt be confefs’a that this Diftindion is not always obferved by the Anrient?. This Plant is called by the Moderns Ba- filicum , on the Account of its Excellency, becaufe it is worthy to be kept in King’s Palaces, and to be handled by royal Hands, for its notable and fragrant Smell. Schroder does thus briefly defcribe the Ver- tues of this Plant : It warms and moiftens, digefts and refolves, purges the Lungs, brings down the Terms, at d therefore may be ufed Jboth internally and externally. H oiler ius, in his firlt Book of internal Dif- eafes, obfcrves that a Scorpion was bred in the Brain of a certain Italian , by his too frequent fmclling to Ocimum or Ba/il. Ca rnerarius likewife very ofren obferved, that Scorpions lov’d to nettle under Pots in which Bafil was kept at Venice • And Dr. Raymond, an EngUfh Phyfician, in his Italian Mercury, affirms that he found by Experience, that this Herb, if put under a Smne in a moift Place, would produce a Scorpion in two Days Time ; which was confirm’d to him while he ftaid at Siena, by a rare and me¬ morable Accident. A certain Gentleman of Siena being wonderfully taken and delighted with the Smell of Ba/il, was wont very fre¬ quently to take the Powder of the dry Herb, ff it up his Nofe ; but in a fiiort Time he turn’d mad and died 5 and his Head being opened by Surgeons, there was found a Nett of Scorpions in his Brain. . Notwithftanding thefe Inftances produced by Men worthy of Credit, yet I mutt pro- fefs my felf to be of the Opinion of the moil celebrated Philofophers of this Age, that there is no aequivocal or fpontaneous Generation of Animals ; and that therefore it is impofii- ble the Herb Bajil ffiould of it felf produce a Scorpion. In the mean while I will not deny, but tbofe Creatures may creep to that Herb, as being delighted with the Smell of ir, or may nettle under it, and perhaps eat it, and lay their Eggs upon its Leaves and tender Buds; from whence it might have happened that the forefaid Gentleman might have drawn up the Eggs of Scorpions toge¬ ther with the Powder of the Herb into his Nofe, which being nourifhed by the Heat and Moifture of the Head, might breed Scorpi¬ ons there. Dio/corides fays that this Herb eaten plen¬ tifully, makes the Sight dim and feeble, loo- fens the Belly, breeds Wind, provokes U- rine, withdraws and diminiffies the Milk in the Breatts, and is of hard Digeftion. Galen fays it is accounted among thofe Things that are hot in the Second Degree ; but be¬ caufe it has an excrementitious Moifture joined with it, it is not proper to be taken inwardly. And in another Place, that it is an Herb ufed in Sauce for Meat, but is nox¬ ious to the Stomach, breeding ill Juice, and hard to be digefted. It is held by Chryfippm (as Pliny teftifies) who inveighed bitterly againft the Ufe of it, to be hurtful both to the Stomach, Urine and Eye-fight ; and befides caufes a Kind of Madnefs, Lethargy, and other Difeafes of the Liver : and that the People of Afri¬ ca fay. That if any one have earen Bafil , that Day he is ftung by a Scorpion, he cannot be faved : Which Saying is quite contrary to that of Diofcorides, who fays, in the Name of the Africans, That he who is ftung by a Scorpion (hall have no Pain or Danger, if he hath eaten Bafil before. Pliny acquaints us, that in his Time it was vindicated from fuch Calumnies as Chryfippus had caft upon it, and was particularly recommended as effe&ual againft the Sting of Scorpions, and fome other venomous Serpents ; and found to be helpful and wholfome for fuch as are fubjeft to fwooning, if it is ufed with Vine¬ gar and fmell’d to. Ufed with Oil of B(ofes or Myrtles and Vinegar, it is good againft the Pains of the Head, and is to good Purpofe applied to fuch as are troubled with the Lethargy, jaundice or Dropfy. The juice or the Seed buifed put into the Noftrils pro¬ cures Sneezing j it is good alfo for the Pal¬ pitation of the Heart ; it provokes to Ve- nery, and therefore was given to Horfes to make them apt to breed. Some of the an¬ cient Writers have likewife related, that the Seed is good to foil the Worms in the Belly; i i ; i f Polium. The Compleat Herbal . 373 and that bruifed and mixed with Ox-gall, it takes away the foul Marks and Scars of Ulcers and other Sores. And ufed with Ho¬ ney, it takes away any Difcolourings and Spots on the Face. The Arabian Phyficians, efpecially Me - fuss ufed the Seed among other cordial Spi¬ ces, for comforting the Heart, &c. for dri¬ ving away Melancholy and Sadnefs, without any manifeft Caufe. And for thefe Caufes chiefly the Seed is prefcribed by our Phy¬ ficians for the moft part. The fragrant Smell of this Herb, fo comfortable to the Senfes, reviving them as it were when they are dull and difordered, may evidently declare a lin¬ gular Efficacy to be in ir, and therefore not to be flighted and contemned. Before I conclude this Head, allow me ro relate a pleafant Paffage, that happened be¬ twixt Francifco Marchio , an Advocate of Ge¬ noa) fent on an Embafly to the Duke of Milan, and the faid Duke : The Duke re¬ filling to bear his MelTage, or to agree ta the Conditions propofed, he brought an Handful of Bafil y and offered it to him i who demanding of him what he meant by it, anfwered, That the Properties of that Herb were, that being gently handled, it gave a pleafant Smell ; but being hard wrung or bruifed, it would breed Scorpions: With which witty Anfwer the Duke was fo well pleafed, that he granted the Con¬ ditions, and. fent him honourably home. SEC Of Plants with a Flower of TABLE XCV1II. Fig. I. GENUS I. Chamsedrys, ^ermanaer. is a Plant with a labiared Flower of one lingle Leaf, whofe Sta¬ mina or Threads F, fupply the Place of an upper Lip ; but the Under lip A, is divided into five Parrs, the middle Part D, being the largeft, hollow like a Spoon, and fomecimes fplit in two ; while the reft CC, EE, are placed over againft it in the Neck of the Flower. Out of the Flower-cup G, rifes the Pointal H, and attended as it were by four Embryos, which afterwards turn to fo many roundilh Seeds I, (hut up in a Husk K, which before was the Fiower*cup. To thefe Marks muft be added, that the Flowers of Germander LL, rife in the Wings of the Leaves, and are furnidled with a fiftulous Flower-cup, T. IV. one fingle Leaf and one Lip.- The Species of 0 CnttanIiCC are, Chamaedrys major, repens. C. B. Pin. 248” 2E!)e greater creeping ©erman&er. Dod. Pempr. 43. Cham.edrys vulgo vera exftlmata. I* D. 3.' 28S. This is the Chamxdrys major of Parkjnfen. This great Gemander rifes with big and hard Stalky haif a Yard high, fpreading in¬ to feveral Branches from the very Bottom $ whereon are fet two Leaves at a Joint.* fomewhat larger than in the common Sort, and more dented about the Edges, green a- bove, and fomewhat greyilh underneath. The Flowers ftand in A longer fpiky Head, and are larger, bur of a paler purple Colour, and gaping like the otheF. The Roor is more bu/hing with Fibres or Threads, and does not creep fo much as the common Sorr. Profper Alpintts , in his Book of Egyptian Plants, fays, That in Coroyra he faw a Ger¬ mander almoft two Cubits high, with Leaves twice or thrice as big as any that grow in Italy . 0 Ch*: 374 X/v Complex Herbal. 2 . Chamsedrys major, repens, flore albo, & rubello in eadem plants. C. B. Pin. 249. SDfyC greater creeping dSermanm, twitij a tofcite ana am jHo&er tn t!;efame piantv 5. Ghamaedrys minor, reperis. C. B. Pin. 248. %\)t fmaller creeping ©ermauiser, 02 common dDermanoer. Champs repens , minor . Dod. Pempr. 43. It belongs to the Clafs of Creepers, and ftioqrs down ligneous Roots obliquely into the Earth, and then propagates new Roors by very (lender Fibres, fending up fmall, reddilh, downy Rods nine Inches high $ on which are fet at Diftances, Leaves in Cou¬ ples, divided like Oak-Leaves, above an Inch long, half an Inch broad, ft iff, full of Ribs, of a bicterilh, fweetifli, and aromatick Tafte. The Flowersigrow in Wherles, Spike fafliion, being purplifli, with a Lip fliap’d like a Saucer, and two (harp narrow Wings, plac’d' at the narrow Neck, above which ftands as it were an upright Dart or Prickle. But in- Bead of a Hood, which they want, they are furnilhed with purplifli Stamina* It grows common in Germany , Prance and Va 1 have Hkewife met with it frequently in England , but whether wild or no I am not certain. Ray. 4. Chamaedrys minor, repens, flore niveo. c: b. Pin. 248- SCI )t fmalfcr creeping Cermanser, ftritlj a Ctioftp jrloim\ Cba- m^edrys minor , albo flore • Ciul. Hiff. •5. Chamsedrys Aipina, villofa. Cerman^er of tlje Zip* 6 . Chamaedrispaluftris canefcens, feu Scor- dium officinarum. C. B. Pin. 247. £ 0)0 marffjp, Ijoarp (H3erman0er, or Watet; <25ermanoer of tlje &^opo* Scordium. Dod- Pempt. 126. I. B. 3. 292. I place Water-Germander , fays J. Bauhi- nus , which is an Herb of celebrated Vertue againft Poifons, amongft the creeping Plants. The Stalks which are a Palm high, agd fomerimes higher, branch’d, growing up with Joints, take hold of the Earth with their hanging Fibres, after the Manner of Pennyroyal; but fome of them are ereeft, and feveral hairy, fquare, empty ones grow up from the capillary Roots. The Leaves re¬ ferable thofe of Germander , and are oblong, Ihrivell’d, notch’d, foft to the Touch, hairy, \tftmifl), with a Gnrlic/^ Smell, but fomewhat milder and more agreeable^ and bitter to the Tafte. Out of their Wings do likewife fpring little Branches. The Flowers grow in Fours all along the Stalk, perfe&ly re- fembling the Flowers of Germander , of a red Colour, hanging down a Lip in Shape of a Saucer, having on the upper Part four Stamina in lieu of a Creft or Hood, which is wanting in this as well as in the common Germander- The Stamina are fmall and purplifli. The Flowers peep out of a little Bag or Husk, divided into five Points, (which is common to almoft all the Flowers of wherl’d Plants) and downy, with a (hort reddifli Foot-ftalk. The Seed is very fmalL It grows in great Abundance in the mar- fhy Grounds in the Ifle of Ely. 7. Chamaedrys fruticof2, fylveflris, Melif- fae folio. Mlooh, <0mttanser, mid) a HBatilm itraf. scordium alter um , five Salvia fylviftris. C- B. Pin. 247. Scordo - tis five Scordium folio Salvicc. LB. 3. 293. Salvia ag eft is five Sphacelus. Dod. Pempr. 291. This is the Scordonia , five Salvia a - grrflis of Gerarde , and the Scordonia , five Scordium alterum qurbufdam^ & Salvia agre- ftis ol Parkinfon. c 2 ldoll^ag 0 . This Plant has a B. «dirig, warp’d, hard, creeping Root, (hooting down flctfder, dhd- fometimes long Fibres ; from which rife up feveral Stalks, a Cubit, and two Cubits high, fquare, hairy, purplifli or blackifli, full of white Pith ; at whole Joints .are fet Leaves at Diftances, in Pairs, oppofi.e ro f me ano¬ ther, refembling the Leaves' of Sage or Be - tony y unlefs that they are (harper, not much unlike Nettle Leaves, flinvell’d, dark Green, rugged and dry, hairy, dented round the Edges, and birter to the Tafte. The Stalk is divided into feveral Shoots at Top, on which the Flowers are ranged Spike-fafliion, inclining to one Side, each riling out of the fingJe Wings of the oppofite Leaves, and therefore together in Couples, with (hort Foot-ftalks, of an berby, or a pale white Colour, out of whofe Yawn or Opening come forth purplifli Stamina inftead of a Creft ; and ltanding in a Flower-cup, whofe upper Segment is entire, and bends upwards, but the under divided into four little Teeth or Prickles. The Seeds are brown, like the Grains of Bafil- It grows in Woods and Thickets. 6 The The Compleat Herbal 375 The DecodUon of this Plant provokes Urine and the Monthly Terms; and is given with Succefs in the Venereal Difeafe. It is one of the principal vulnerary Plants, whe¬ ther taken inwardly in Potions, or applied outwardly. It agrees in Vertues with Scor¬ dium , and in Gejfher’s Opinion is preferable to Scot dium in Phyfick. Hildanus celebrated this Plant in a wonderful Manner for gan¬ grenous Ulcers, and doubling the Dofe, lubftiru r ed it in the room of Scordium • 8. Chanosedrys fruticofa, fylveftris, Me- liffae folio variegato. WlOOOt Cmttan&er, tnitlj a hariegaten Battlm 3 lCaf* Scordium alterum t feu falvia fylve • firis folio variegato. H. R. Par. 9. Chamaedrys fruticofa, Infularum Stae- chadum, MelifTse folio minori, Pomum re- dolens. atfjjttbbp (©'ertnatl&er des Ifles des jeres, tmd) a fmall IBattlm Leaf, anu fmelltng like applet. 10. Chamsedrys fruticofa, Lulitanica, Me- lilTae folio minori, flore purpureo. JBojtttpefe ( 25 et:man&er, Intel) a fmall iratilm Leaf, atm a purple Softer. 11. Chamaidrys frutefcens, Teucrium vul- g'6. i^rutefctut (Bemtantier, commonly 2 DtCf^(IDcrmauBCr* Teucrium muhis. I. B. 2. 290* Teucrium* C. B. Pin. 247. Cbamcedrys ajfurgens . Dcd. Pempt. 44. This is the Teu¬ crium majuSy vulgare of Parkinfon> and the Teucrium latifolium of Gerarde* Tree-Germander , which is allied to Ger¬ mander. , rifes higher, with upright, ligneous, fquare, hairy Rods, on which are fct at fmall Diftances on both Sides hairy Leaves, Alining with a black Greennefs on the upper Side, and fomewhat hoary underneath. The un- dermoft Leaves do very much refemble the Leaves of Germander both in Shape and Size, and are jagged, of an oblong round Shape, and fmelling Iweet if you bruife them with your Hand, but fuch as adorn the Tops of the Stalks do fomewhat refemble the Leaves of Horehound , not at all cut on the Edges, broad at Bottom, and ending in a Point. The Flowers peep out of the Wings of the uppermoft Leaves, feveral of them being joyn’d together, banging upon pretty long Foot-ftalks, wich a hairy, wbitiih Flower- cup, in the Shape of Germander Flowers, with a longer l ip hanging down, but with¬ out a Hood or Cowl 5 in lieu of which came forth yellow Stamina] of which Colour the Flower is alfo. This Plant has a fomewhat biting Tafte, with a Bitternels which is not difagreeable. 12. Chamsedrys Alpina, frutefcens, folio fplendence. jfrutefcent (Permanaer of tlje 3lpg, tniti) a fhtmng Leaf. chamadrys aI- ptna, lucida . H. R. Par. Cham&drys durior > Alpina . Brofs. The Roots are divided into many Parts, are blackifh, Jiard and fibrous. The Stalks are branch’d, fquare, fmooth, a Cubit high ; at whofe Joints are fee Leaves half an Inch long, in the Shape of common Germander Leaves, bright, Alining, and deeply cut ; fuch as grow towards the Top are fhorrer, and generally divided into three Parts. The Flowers rife in the Wings of the Leaves in a long Series, and are rang’d in a very beau¬ tiful Order, differing from the Flowers of the common Germander only in Bignefs. The Flower-cup is fiftulous in like Manner, chan¬ neled, purpliAi, divided into five Segments, and contains four dark-coloured Seeds. It delights in the herby and watery Parts - of the Alps , and grows likewife in Savoy in the Valley of Brafilionc * 13. Chamaecirys fruticofa, lucida, Hifpanica. §>l)?ubbv, finning ^panifi) Cermanser. 14. Gfcamaedrys fruticofa, Cretica, purpu¬ reo fiore. §>2t!ifbp Canin> (Etrmantrer* told) a ptttple jHoter. Teucrium Creticum odorattirriy fiore purpureo. H, R. Par. 15. Cbamaedrys multiflora, tenuifolia, Hif¬ panica. ^pamfij mam^ficlnertr, tljtn^ leab’D < 25 erman&er. r 16. Chamsedrys Hifpanica, minima, faxa- tills, incana. stlje fmalleff l&nck, Ijoarp* ^pantfii dFermanser. 17. Cbamaedrys maritima, incana, fruref cens, foliis lanceolaris. Maritime, IjOarp* feutefeent dDerman&er/ tutt!) Leases fijapa like a Lance. Mamm conufi . I. B. 3. 242. This > is the Tragoriganum latifolium , Jive Marum Cortufi Maithiolo of Pa>kinfon $ and the Tragoriganum Lobelii of Gerarde . It is a thick-fet Shrub, like Thyme or the harder Maftichina , with ligneous and hoary Rods, which are clothed with Leaves at the joints, that are not unlike the Leaves of Mother of Thyme , larger than Thyme Leaves, hoary underneath, green on the upper Side 3 of a bluer and biting Tafte, and an agree- . able. The Contpleat Herbal. able Smell. The Flower refembles that of the true Germander in Bignefs, nor is it un¬ like in Shape, whh a Lip hanging down that is cut into feveral Parts, little twifted Stamina fupplying the Place of a Creft or Hood, and a Flower-cup alfo of the Size of that o f Germander, which is hairy and hoary. 18. Qiam y&am. ' Chamaedrys Cretica, inodora, Meliffae folio, flore parvo ? albido. CftU&P UUfaPOJP dPermatmer, tmtft a UPattlm Leaf, anti a fmall jHoluer. 21. Cbamaedrys Cretica, faxatilis, folio exiguo, fubtus incano. I£otk dPermanfcrr cf Cnntip, tott!) a beep fmall Leaf Ijcarp tinherneatlj. 22. Chamaedrys Cretica, latiftimo folio, flore parvo. Can&v dPermanfcer, toidj a utrp bjoau Leaf, ana a fmall plotter. 23. Chamaedrys Cretica, paluftris, canef- cens, Scordioides, Betonicae folio. CaithP martfb tolrittfo, dPerutan&er, refenrbUng ©ctuntum, tmtlj a Recoup Leaf. 24. Chamaedrys Samia, frurefeens,' Beto- mex folio, Jarman fhttefeent dPerman^ her, tou!) a Tm np Leaf. 25. ChamaMrys orientalis, latifolia, villo- fa. Rental, l^oaH 4 eabt», fjafrp 0er^ manner. 26. Chamaedrys orientalis, minor, repens flore ruberrimo. SCI \)t fmallcr, creeping omental dPermatmcr, xutJj a nerp ren iflouter. From this Genus muft be excluded Cha - mtfdrys Alpina , Cifli flore . C* B. Pin. 248* which muft be reduced to Caryophyllata . Cham&drys:>alpina, faxatilis. C. B. Pin. 248. which is a Species of Speedwell. Ckamxdrys unicaulis , fpicata. C. B. Pin. 248* of which we have treated under the Genus of Fedicu - laris . Ckamadrys alpha, minima , hirfuta . C. B. Pin. 248. and the Species of baftard Germander , which are to be reckoned among the Speedwells . This Plant is called Ckamadrys from two Greek. Words, P** humi, and ApOV Quer- cus, as if it was called a low Oak : for fe¬ veral of the Species of Germander are thong he to refembie Oak in the Shape of the Leaves. This Herb confifts of fine and lubtle Parts: It powerfully provokes Urine and Sweat : and for this Reafon it is gcod in Fevers, Scurvy, coagulated or clotted Blood, and efpecially in Pains of the Nerves and Joints, in the Jaundice, and Suppreftion of the U- rine. Schrod. It is applied externally to creeping Uieers, in the raging Pain of the Piles, in the Ears that are infefted with Worms, in the Mange and Itch, and in drying up of Catarrhs. Vefalius writes, in Epifl de China , That the Decodtion of Germander was recommend¬ ed by the Phyficians of Genoa to the Emperor Charles V. for a perpetual Relief in the Gout; the Deco&ion being made either of Wineor^diftilled Water. Try it who will, fays C. Hoffman , (who fays he follows the Opi¬ nion of Tragus ,) he will find it as effedhial as Betony ; and that it is very proper to be put into Decodlions againft Obftrudtions. The Decodtion of this Plant is very much ufed by our Women, in the Suppreftion of their Terms. This Plant is called Engli/h Treacle about Cambridge , doubtlefs becaufe it is an Alex r- ipharmacky or an Antidote againft Poifon. One The Compleat Herbal. 377 One who was Famous for curing of the King’s Evil gave the Deco&ion of this in two Pounds of White-wine, boil’d away to one Pound. The Dofe was fix Spoonfuls Morning and Evening, for a whole Month : But finding this would not do, he gave the Infufion of Upf mary and Harts Tongue , of each one Handful, in four Pounds of Wine for 24 Hours ; and the Patient took of this eight Spoonfuls twice every Day : And with this Deco&ion he like wife fomented the Parts affedted, but with what Succefs is not told. D. Hulfi b MS. nondum Edito. The Powder of Germander is celebrated amongft the Egyptians againft intermitting Fevers. P. Alpin . de Medic in a Egyptiorum • This Plant is likewife commended againft inrermi'.ting Fevers by Montanus and Bare - colli. Many Country People cure quartan Agues With the Powder of Germander taken in Broth for fome Days* Ejver. Ccntur . Ob - jferb. iV' Objerv. 84 * The Leaves of the third Species are bitter and aromatick : They do not redden blue Paper, which fliows that they contain Prin¬ ciples different from thofe of the (mall Gen- taury* The Salt of Germander does not dif¬ fer from the Salt of rhe Earth, which is a Mixture of Sea-Salt, Nitre, and Sal Ammo- niack.; it is biting, very bitter, and very o- pening. It is probable, that what we find in this Plant has loft its Acrimony by the Mix¬ ture of Abundance of efifential Oil, which renders Germander aromatica!. It is febri¬ fugal, ftomachick, aperitive, and diaphore- tick. An Handful of the Leaves of this Piant ir.fufed over Night in a Glafs of White wine cold, with half a Dram of vegetable Salt, and drunk in a Morning falling, is prefcrib’d for the Green ficknefs. There is. an Extradl of the Leaves and Flowers of this Plant prepared, a Dram of which is preferibed with one or two Drops of the Oil of Cinnamon , as likewife the Leaves infufed like Tea, efpecially for the Gout and Sciatica. They are an Ingredient in the Powder of the Prince of Mirandola , which paffes for a grand Speclfick for all fucb Diftempers: The Compofition of it is as follows: You maft dry antf reduce to a very .fine Powder, equal Quantities bf the Leaves of Germander, Ground’Pine, lefler Centaury, round Birthwort , and Gentian : Mix all thefe Powders together, keep them in a dry Place, and in a Box dole (hut, afeer having lifted them through a Searce of Silk : Infufe a Grain of this Powder all Night in half a Glafs of good old Wine, or in Broth with the Fat feumm’d off. It is better to take it in Subftance, than to throw away the Set¬ tling, and only drink the fimple Infufion. They pretend that you muft make ufe of this Powder for a whole Year, every Day, either Evening or Morning, once in two Days, or at ieaft once every Week. The Patient muft take no Suftenante till three or four Hours after this Medicine. He muft be purged by the Advice of Phyficians, in the Beginning of the Seafons, or oftner if neceflary. He muft avoid ragoo’d Meats, all Sorts of Milk, and violent Exercifes. This Powder is excellent alfo for intermit¬ ting Fevers, for the Dropfy, and for alt Diftempers that proceed from great Obftru- dlions in the Vifcera. Germander is ufed in Treacle, in the Hiera Diacolocynthidos , in the Syrupus Hydragogus of Mr. Cbaras , and in the Syrupus aperitivus & cachetticus of the lame Author - in the compound Oil of Scorpion , and in the Vnguentum Martiatum. Tour- ntforr. The 61 h Species here described, which is the Scordium ojficinarum, received its Name from hence, That the Leaves of it being bruifed fmell like Gailiclf, which the Greeks call oToV' it grows in moift and watery Places, and in Meadows, and is therefore called tVater Germander . The Vertues of it are as follows : Ic warms and dries ; cleanfes and attenuates ; refills Putrefadlion, is an Alexipharmack or an Antidote againft Poifon, and a Sudorific Its principal Ufe is in the Plague, in pefti- lential Difeafes, malignant Fevers, (as well to prevent as to cure them; in the Obftru- dlions of the Liver and Spleen, in purulent Lungs, and ft?ch as are fluffed with mucila¬ ginous and tough Matter. Externally ap¬ plied it cleanfes Wounds and Ulcers, and alleviates the Pains of the Gout. There are thole who fay, ic is given with Succefs in the Monthly Terms. We find it recorded by Galen ♦ who tells us he had it from credible and faithful Au¬ thors, That after a famous Battle, when the C c c Bodies 37 $ T he Compleat Herbal. Bodies of the Slain lay many Days unbu¬ ried, all thofe that happened to lie upon $cordium y were much ids corrupted than the reft, efpecially thbfe Parts of them that lay next to the Herb ; from whence it was found that Scordium was an Enemy to Corruption, and was afterwards applied as a Remedy ip Cafes where that was either to be prevented or cured. The Juice or Powder of this Plant is good for killing Worms in the Belly ; but its chief Vertue confifis in expelling Poifon or Ve¬ nom, and in curing or preventing the Plague and other contagious Diftempers. Of this Plant there is prepared an Ele¬ ctuary, which is thence called Diafcordtum ; which is of excellent Ufe in ail the Diftem¬ pers aforefaid. Ir is a noble Caidiack, and is ufed in all thofe Cafes in which T beriack and other hot Things do not take Place or are not proper. Our Nurfes give a fmall Dofe of this to Children troubled with the Gripes. Gafp Guitmannus fuccefsfully cured many running pefiilenctal Bubo’s, and malignant Ulcers, by the foie Ufe of the Powder of Scordium , and opened fuch as were not yet broken. D. Scame . The DecoChon of this Herb in Wine is good againft the Bitings of ail venomous Beafts, and Serpents, and other deadly Poi- fons; as alfo againft the gnawing Pains of the Stomach, and Pains in the Side, that proceed either from Cold or ObftruCtions, and againft the bloody Flux. Made into an Ele&uary with CreJJes y Rofin and Honey, it is an excellent Remedy for an old Cough, to help to expetftorate rotten Phlegm out of the Cheft and Lungs ; and to relieve fuch as are burften, or fuch as are troubled with Cramps. It is a principal Ingredient both in Mi- thridate and Treacle , as an Antidote againft all Poifons and Infe&ions either of the Plague, or peftilenrial and epidemical Dif- eafes, fuch as the Small Pox, Meafles, and Purples. It is a moft certain and known Remedy to kill the Worms either in the Siomach or Guts; taking a little of the Juice, or the Powder in Drink falling. The De- co&ion, of the dried Herb* with two or *kee Root* of Tormentill diced* and given to fuch as are troubled with the bloody Flux, is a fafe and fure Remedy. We owe the Knowledge of this Plant, fays Mr. Toumefort y to two Perfons, who very much diftinguilhed themfekes by their Learning, vi%. William Felijjier Birtiop of Montpelier , and Bandelet, a famous Profeffor in the University of the fame City. By the Smell of Garlic which lenfibly difeovers it felf in this Plant, they difeovered, as they were walking in the Fields about Montpelier , that this was the Plant which the Ancients had called Scordium . The Comparifon which Dodoneus makes betwixt the Flowers of this Plant and thofe of Lamiiim is not very juft l for it is certain, that the Flowers of Scor¬ dium are exaCHy like thofe of common Ger¬ mander. Thefe Flowers are better reprefenc- ed by Taberncemontanus in the Figure of his Scordium , than in thofe which the fame Au¬ thor has called Scordium majus & minus*, Scordium , continues our excellent Author, is bitter, aromatick, and reddens blue Paper a little. This Plant contains a volatile oily Salt, of which the Sa! ammoniac ^ is not per¬ fectly fimple. Scordium is a good DifTolver, Opener, Diuretick, and Sudorifick. The Infufion of it is proper to be drunk in ma¬ lignant Fevers, in the Small Pox, in the Meafles, and in all the Difeafes of the Skim Scordium is drunk like Tea, or a Handful of it boil’d in lean Broth, in order to reftore the Appetite, to prevent the Gout* to kill the Worms, and to purify the Blood by in- fenfible Tranfpiranon. Half an Ounce of the ExtraCt of this Plant in a Bolus, or an Ounce of the Conferve of its Leaves and Flowers commonly makes one (weat. This Conferve is prescribed for fuch as fpit puru¬ lent Matter, or fuch as is not yet come to a Confiftency. This Plant is likewife cleaning and vul¬ nerary : It is ufed in Lotions with fmall Wormwood and fmall Centaury : they make Fomentations of thefe Herbs, and apply them by way of Cataplafm to the Parts rbreatned by a Gangrene. As for fuch Perfons as are gangrenated, or have the Gangrene actually upon them, they muft have the mortified and rotten Flefly eaten away by the Water of Sublimate eorrofive and Arfenic\ y or by But¬ ter of Antimony ; for without thofe A&ftan- cc5, the vulnerdry Plants will never be able to recover them* Scordittm is ufed in Tbe- riack Vinegar, in Treacle, in Mithridate, in the Orvietan compofed by Hoffman , in the Antidote of Matthiolus , and in moft alexi- terial Confe&ions. This Plant has likewife given its Name to the Diafcordium of Fraca- fiorioy and to that of Sylvius. Toumefort. The 7th Species, which is generally called ?II 2 U 00 tM&agf, is b y the old Phyficians rec¬ koned hot and dry in the fecond Degree. The Decodtion of this Plant is recommend¬ ed in the Suppreflion of Urine, or of the Courfes, for it is accounted etfe&ual in provoking of bo^h. It is likewife thought to be good in the French Difeafe, becaufe the Deco&ion of it drunk provokes Sweat, di- gefts the Humours, and diftipates Swellings and Nodes in the Fierti. The Decodtion of the Herb, rather green than dry, made with Wine, is efteemed a fafe and fure Remedy for fuch as by Falls, Bruifes, or Beatings, are apprehenfive fome Vein or other Veflel is broken, to difperfe and void rhe coagu¬ lated Blood, and to confolidate the VelTel : This is likewife ftund to be a fure Remedy for the Palfy. The Juice of the Herb, or the Powder dried, is good for moift Ulcers, and Sores in the Legs ; nor is it lefs effectual in curing of green Wounds. The Leaves of this Plant are very bitter and aromatick, with fome fmall Tafte of Garlicky and gives but a faint Tintfture of red to blue Paper $ which makes me believe that they contain a Sale like that of German¬ der , but more faturated with efTennal Oil, and in which Sal ammoniack. gives a fmall Dif- covery of it felf. This Plant is very open¬ ing, diaphoretick, vulnerary, and refolvent. Dodonecus preferibes the Decocftion of it in the Venereal Diftemper : Tragus praifes the Juice and Infufion of it in Wine, as a very aperitive and fudorifick Remedy, proper to fortifie the Stomach, to kill the Worms, to provoke Urine, to carry off the Jaundice, and the tertian Ague. It is ufed in Farts with good Succefs, for the Dropfy, by drinking every four Hours a Glafs of Wine, in which this Plant has been infufed. Tour¬ nefort, TABLE XCVIII. Fig. 2. G E N U S II. Folium, 5&oIep*mauntam. paDIeP^mottntam is a Plant with a labi- •*- ated Flower of one (ingle Leaf, whofe Stamina K, fupply the Place of the upper Lip ; but the under Lip A, is divided into five Parts, juft as in the Germander Flowers. Out of the Flower*cup C, rifes the Pointal D, fixed like a Nail into the hinder Part of the Flower B, and attended as it were by four Embryo’s, which afterwards turn to fo many Seeds F, (hut up in a Husk E, which before was the Flower-cup. To thefe Marks muft be added, That the Flowers of Foley - mountain ftand collected into a Head on the Tops of the Stalks and Branches. The Species of JBoTCfVmOtttttam are, I. Polium Lavandulae folio* C. B . Pin• 220j K ^mountain foul) a Ilabenfcec 2Uaf. i recentiorum feemina , Lavandulce folio. Lob. Icon. 488* This is the Polium monta - num Lavandule folio of C. Bauhinus and Par - kinfon, and the Polium Lavandulce folio, fore albo of Gerarde. Haiietl&mleab’D JM mountain. This Poley mountain, from a bard ligneous Root, (preading round many fmall Fibres, fends up feveral weak Branches, hardly able to ftand upright, but rather lying along ; on which are fet many fmall long Leaves, in Couples, overagainft one another, which are fomewbat green on the upper Side, and hoary underneath, fomewhat refembling the Leaves of Upfemary or Lavender , and not at all fnipt round the Edges. At the Tops of the Branches many Flowers difplay themfelves, not buflv- ing as in moft of the other Species, but loofe- ly fpread, of a white Colour, not differing in Shape from the reft, and coming forth out of a greyifh Husk not quite (o hoary as fome of the others. The Seed is black as in the others. This Species has a very faint fweet Smell, nothing fo agreeable as moft of the others. Lohel fays it has little or no Smell at all. A Utthiolus fays it fraells well, C c c 2 tho 3 T he Compleat Herbal. tho* not fo pleafant as his former, and that it is of lefs Vertue and Efficacy than it. It grows in great Plenty on the Mountains about Bafil and Geneva , and elfewhere. Mr. [{ay thinks this Plant does not truly belong to the Genus of Holey-mountain , be- caufe irs Leaves are neither wcoily, nor fnipt about the Edge* 5 but by its Flower and Seed it certainly belongs to ir, as Mr. T our- nefort has determined. 2. Polium I a vandulae folio anguftiori. C. B, Tin- 223. 'pole^mottntaut totf; a nar^ rGtW ILabCitor ILeaf. Polium Campeftre. Tabern. Icon. 365. 3. Polium monranum, lureum. C. B . Pin • 220. J^dlcto ^Mnvmountain. Polium luteum. Lob. Icon. 487. This is the Polium - montanum vutgare of Parkjnfion. This Species of Polium or Poley mountain, that is mo(f common in our Gardens, is a fmali low Plant, wirh feveral white or hoary, round, and hard Branches, (riling from the Root, which is fomewhat long and hard, with a few Fibres (hooting from it) not a- bove a Foot high, whereon are fet (everal long and fmali hoary Leaves, overlaid as it were with a whitilh yellow Down, fome¬ what dented round the Edges, and broader or larger than moft of the other Sorts, Hand¬ ing always together in Couples as they grow up ; at the Tops of which bud forth whitilh or hoary yellowilh Heads, thrufiing out many fmali pale-coloured Flowers, and in fome Places more yellow, and Handing in hoary Husks. The Seed is fmali and black- ilh. The whole Plant fmells fweer, but fomewhat quick and piercing withal, the Branches whereof being dipt and fet in the Ground will grow very well, whereby it may be eafily propagated ; for in this Coun¬ try the Seed feldom comes to that Maturity as to be fit to be fowni Yet Clufius fays, that he had fome Plants raifed from the Seed of this Species, that brought forth Flowers paler than the Mother Plant, and fome whiter, efpecially on the Out-fide, and were pale on the In-fide. Baubinus adds, That it produced fome Plants whofe Flowers were of a whitilh purple Colour, to be reckoned the fourth Species of Clufius 5 which I am fure is not to be found in Clufius, who in that Place makes no mention of any wjth l pur : pie Flower raifed from the Seed. It flowers in its native Soil in the Month of March, but in Holland later. It rifes in the Kingdom oi Granada, and Valencia . Mr. Ma/nol found it in the uncultivated Ground about the Forefl of Valens. 4. Polium montanum, album. C. B. pi n . 221. Wlfyite ^olep^ntounratn. Polium montanum. Cluf. 361. This is Polium Monfi- peliacum of Parkinfion. This Species is very like the Polium Mon¬ tanum minus, but that the Branches Hand not fo upright but lean more downwards ; nor are the Leaves quite fo large, but as white and hoary, and a little more dented about the Edges. The hoary Heads of Flowers, which are white, are (mailer, and more clofely compacted ; but in other Refpedts it differs not from the other. 5. Polium montanum, alrerum, foliis an- gulticribus, capitulis Jongioribus. C. B. Pi H , 221. £tnotj)er Pofep^mountatn, tod) nat* rotor 3 Uaooo, ana longer Teaos. Poii - um 2dum albo flore. Clul. HiH. 361. This differs from the former in its upright Stalks, narrower Leaves, dented only to¬ wards the Point ; larger and longer Heads, which yet are more lax, and not quite fo compact. NotwithHanding which,' C. B.iu- hinus makes it to be the lame Species with the former. But I could aimolt poficively affirm, fays Mr. [{ay, that both rhele Spe¬ cies are the fame with the Marieimum Monfi- peliacum. But the Authority of Clufius has fo great Weight with me, that I dare not venture to affirm or determine any rhing on this Head. ’Tis certain the Figure that Clu - Jim , and others after him give us, does by no means agree to the Polium Monfipeliacum. 6. Polium montanum, repens. C. B. pin• 221. Creeping ^Bolevvmountatn. Polium montanum , fiupinum minimum . Lob. Icon. 488* It fcarce rifes above two Inches high, with very fmali little Branches, on which, no lefs than on the former Species, grow Leaves in Order and oppofire ro one another, but harder, Ihorter and narrower, and not dent¬ ed about the Edges. On the Branches fit Flowers in Threes or Fours, relembling in Shape the Flowers of Lavender-leav d Poley mountain, but fmaller. I could nor obferve the Seed of it. The Root is fibrous and live¬ ly in its native Soil* But this Plant is not valuable the Compleat Herbal. 381 valuable for any agreeable Smell. It flowers hte, in Jane- Clufi 7. Polium maritimum, ereCtum, Monfpe- liacum. c. b. pin. 22i. maritime ^olep^mottntain of Montpelier* Polium jidonfptffulanum. J. B. 3* 2 PP- The Leaves are narrow, oblong, dented, white, woolly, of an acrid and bitter Tafte, firetching along upon round hoary Stalks, nine Inches or a Palm high, from a ligneous Root with a few Fibres. The Heads are wound up like a Clue, white, woolly or flocky, and confift of oblong Flower-cups, out of which peep gaping white Flowers. The Smell of the whole Plant is agreeable, tho* Matthiolus fays it is quick and a little (linking. It grows in Italy and the South of France , cfpecially on the Seadhore, in great Plenty \ and flowers in the Summer. When it is cul¬ tivated, fays J- Bauhinus, it degenerates very much, becomes lels white, and the Leaves grow larger. 8. Polium maritirrum, fupinum, Venerum. c. b. pin. 221. Creeping,'maritime W* tic r tau ^Bolev^mountnfn. Folium Fenetum. J. B. 3. 300. Adv. 207. This is a very tender Planr, with flender Branches nine Inches high, creeping upon the Ground, overlaid with much white Down, which (hoot down Roots into the Ground from the Joints. The Leaves are of a mid¬ dle Size, betwixt the tertium and quarttim Genus of Ciufius, but Ihorter, dented, very woolly, and is the Caufe that no Veftiges of Teeth are to be feen in the tender Leaves, but by the curious and nice Obfervers. The Heads are much fmaller than in the former Species, and wholly woolly, whereon grows the purple Flower. This feems to be the fame Species with the following, which is the fifth of Ciufius ; and Mr. Bjy is of Opi¬ nion, thar this is only an accidental Variety of the fixch ot Ciufius with a white Flower: Since the only Difference thar Ciufius him- felf could obferve betwixt them, was the. Tendernefs of the Plant, and the Variety of the Flower. For both Species are fcarce any thing el/e but Fiox, and exceed all the reft in the Sw< etnels of their Smell. Ciufius found both of. them laden with Flowers in the Month of March ; no» could he have perceived any Difterence, uniefs the Colour of the Flower had given him an Occafion of comparing each Plant with A* curacy and Diligence. 9. Polium candidum, tenellum, tomento- fum, flore purpureo. J. B. 3. 300. WRf)itC s tettfcer, tooolln polep^ntountain, tottf} a purple 5 ?l 0 tUer. Polium montanum quintum , purpureo flore . Cluf. Hift. 362. 10. Polium montanum, fupinum, alrerumt c. b. pin. 221. another creeping J^olep* mountatn. Polium \\um albo flore. Clui. Hift. 362- Polium candidum , tenellum , fomentofum^ flore albo. J. B. 3. 300. 11. Polium Pyrenaicum, fupinum, Hederar terreftris folio. Creeping pprenean ^olep^ mountain, twity a Cjounti^bp leaf. An Cham.cdrys mentis Sumani ? J. B. 3. 289. The Leaves refemble the Leaves of Alyflhn > Galeni in Shape and Make, and the Flowers are collected in Heaps upon the Tops of the Stalks and Branches. 12. Polium Hifpanicum, Chamjedryos fo- lio, purpurafeente flore. fepant® JBoleP-, inttij a ©erman&er Heaf, ano a pttrpltfn- jflolner. Polium fiaxatile , Chameedryos ro - tundo folio , fupinum % rubrum. Barr, Icon.. Pg« Hum fiaxatile Chamxdtyoides^ rotundo folio , f,o- i rc rubella . Bocc. Muf. Patt 2. 7 6. Tab. 62... 13. Polium Lufiranicum, fupinum, minus, incanum, caulibus purpurafeemibus, flore albo. Creeping, not quite fo IjOarn, pj i*. ttipcfeJBotep, mttlj purpliflj Stalks, an© a Xoljite JHoiicr. 14. Polium Hifpanicum,-latifblium, capi— tulo breviori, purpurafeente flore. j6$0aite- leab’n »>panifl) JBoTep, tuitlj a p:ettp fljo^t. %ean, ana a purplift ^loftier. 15. Polium Hifpanicum, maximum, al¬ bum. %\t greater Mjite, S>pani© Jen. 16. Polium Hifpanicum, maximum, Iu» reum. %\)t greateft peiloln, g>pantif).p^. lep* 17. Polium Hifpanicum, maririmum* Ro- rifmarini folio, flore albo. fepanttf>, tttartV time ^olen, tmtft a Hofemarp Heaf, ann. a Jboijite JTlomer. 18. Poiium Hifpanicum, maritimunv,. fru^ tefeens. Rorifmarini roiio, flore rubra. jp^pa^ ntffr, maritime, fruefeent pc*h>, ftttp ar Koiemarp Hear,, ann a reft Foli¬ um mcr anam, majus ereHum^ ({arifmarinh- folio , flore rubro . Barr. Icon. 19 Vo- 3 8a Tbe Compleat Herbal. ip. Ppliutn Hifpamcumi montanum, pu- milum, Korifmarini folio, flore rubro. gjpanitfi btnarf pbfep*ntoittttatn, tott!) & iSofemarp Leaf, anb a reb fflmet* Po - lium montanum , pumilum , rubrum, viridi Stcechadis folio , caule' tomentofo. Barr. Icon. 20 . Polium Hifpanicum, fupinum, flore flavefcenre. Creeping £>pantfl) J£0lep, tDttl) a pellotatil; jflotner. 21. Polium Hifpanicum, longiore capitu- lo, flore vario. ^pantff) JBoIeV, hflttl) a iongi© ISeab, anti a bartegateb jflotoer. 22. Polium eredtum, tenuifolium, flore albo, capitulo breviori. tEpjigljt, fmall* leab’b Bolev, toitlj a tnljite jflolher, anb a ©o# l^eab. 23. Polium Hifpanicum? Linariae foliis ca- nefcentibus, flore albo. ^panf© J0OleP, hot© hobiti© Coab^flat Leabeg, anb a tnljttC JflOhOCr. Polium montanum , album , non /erratum, longis anguflifque foliis canef- centibus. Barr. Icon. 24. Polium Hifpanicum, Linarise foliis brevioribus, flore albo. &pant© ^Olep, mid) 2 Hoab 41 ar Leahes, but ©ojter, anb a tOljttC JrlObJer. Polium montanum , album, non feratum , viride y longis anguftifque foliis, caule incano . Barr. Icon. 25. Polium montanum, pumilum, rubrum, angufto viridique folio, caule incano. Barr, icon. HDhoarf reb jBolep*mottntain, hoi© a narroho green Leaf, anb a boarp §>talk. 26. Polium furredlum, minus, anguftifo- lium, ferratum, b viridi canefcens. Barr • icon. Entail ttpjigbt, narrob)*leab’b bent* eb JMep, of a hobitt© green Colour* 27. Polium montanum, album, angufti- folium, ferratum, fupinum, minus. Barr. icon. OTtytte, ttarrnbo*leab 3 b, benteb, leaning, fntall JBolep*mountain. This Plant has feveral flender, woolly Stalks a Palm high ; ac whofe Joints come forth at Diftances Leaves in Pairs, that are narrow and very fmall. Out of the Bofoms of thefe, others like them, but fmaller, bud forth, which often remain after the firft Fall. The Flowers, which are fmall and white, generally ftand upon the Tops of the fmall Branches, which are divided into three Parts. 28* Polium minus, ere&um, anguftis, cre- bris brevibus, foliis* flore rubro. Barr. Icon . &ntail ttmigltf ^olep, hot© narrow UntMttj fljojt Leabeg, anb a reb ifioho* 29* Polium montanum, Gnaphaloidesj in- cifum, flore rubro, fupinum. B a rr. Icon . Leaning, benteb JMep*motmtain, refem* bltng Cubtoeeb, ijottij a reb iflotoer. 30. Polium marinum Dafyphyllum, Gna- phalodes, flore albo. Barr. Icon. Maritime JMep, refembling Cuttreeb, hot© a rough Ijatrp Leaf, anb a hobite i?lohoer. This Plant has pretty broad, pointed Leaves, dented round the Edges, ranged up¬ on upright Stalks ac fmall Diftances, and ac firft Sighr, by their thick FIox, refembling the Leaves of common Cudweed . The white Flowers, which are fmaller than the Flow¬ ers of the other Species, ftand in their own proper Flower-cups, on the Tops of round Heads. 31. Polium montanum, Hifpanicum, non crenatum, flore albo. Barr . Icon . g&pani©, tmbenteb JMep*mountain, bri© a hoijue jflohoer. This Species rifes with fomewhat ftiff and flender Stalks, that are clothed at the Joints with Leaves, narrow at the Bottom, and broad in the Middle, not dented, and grow¬ ing oppofite to one another. The Flowers, which are very many and fmall, ftand in Clufters, upon the Tops of the (mail Branches. 32. Polium montanum, album, ferratum, latifolium, eredfum, majus. Ban. Icon. 2 Ll)C greater incite, benteb, b:oab4eabb, up^ right JMep*moumain. 33. Polium montanum, album, ferratum, latifolium* fupinum, majus. Barr. Icon. nc greater holme, benteb, b2oab*leab’b, creeping JBolep*mottntain. 34. Polium montanum, album, ferratum, Jarifolium, fupinum, minus* Ban. Icon. %\>z letter hobite, benteb, b$oab 4 eab’b, leaning J 3 olep*mottntain. The former of the two laft has firft Stalks lying upon the Ground, and (hooting down Roots ; then rife flender Stalks a Palm high, on which are fet broad, hoary, and gene¬ rally bending Leaves, oppofite to one ano¬ ther, fomewhat dented, and gowing at fome Diftance from one another. The white Flowers grow like Clues upon round Heads. Ten crnmi. < ^7re^^er?rian4er />« J• J 9 clep, Iptttg along upon the dPjotmo. 40. Polium Smyrnaeum, Scordii folio* Smyrna JMevvmottntatft, fttrtj a OTa* ter^ermanoer ilUaf. This Plant is called Polium by Reafon of the Whitenefs or Hoarinefs of its C-orymbi or Heads, according to Diofcorides , but of its Leaves, according to Pliny : For pantfl) tmtlj a u 2leaf. 3. Teucrium Americanum, Halicacabos, & alopecuroides. plum . 0mcncan Ctomanber, life Witter Cljenrp, ano JfojMail. 4. Teucrium fupinum, perenne, foliis la- ciniatis. Leaning, perennial manner, Untlj faggcn Leabes. ebamadys fpuria , multifido folio , Lamii flore• C. B. Pin. 250. Pfiudo- Chamxpitys. Cluf. Hift. 185 This is the Chamapitys adulterina, five Pfudo-Cbamapitys of Parkinfion. It is a very fmall Plant, and very like Ajuga> both in its Stalks, and in the Make of its Leaves, which are cut in three, being all over rough and hairy, of a faltifli Tafte, and without Smell, if it did not fmeli fome¬ what unpleafant and herby. The Leaves come forth on the top Branches out of their Wings, not unlike the Leaves of Ajuga, but that they are larger and white. Thefe are followed by four Seeds in each Flower-cup or Bag, of an AAi Colour, pretty large and almoft quite round. The Root is pretty thick, whitifli and perennial, fo far as I could learn. Cluf. . U grows in Spain in uncultivated Ground, and bears Flowers in the Summer. 5. Teucrium fupinum, annuum, Lufitam- cum, foliis lacinutis. iieantncc, anmral pomtpefe tutaj fact* geDlleaiw. TABLE XCIX. Fig. 2. GENUS IV. Chamsepitys, $gOUtttl>]rfne» /TJHotmD^ptne is a Plant with a Flower of one Angle Leaf, and with one Lip D, divided into three Parts, the middle Parc being fpiir in two, and the little Teeth C, fupplying the Place of the upper Lip. Ouc of the Bottom of the Flower B, rifes the Pointal E, attended as it were by four Em¬ bry d’s, which afterwaids turn to fo many Seeds G, which arp oblong I, (hut up in the Husk H, which before was the Flower-cup F. To thefe Marks mult be added, That the Flowers of Ground pine grow (cattering in the Wings of the Leaves, and not in the FaAiion of Wherles. v .t a* ..a The Species of ( 0 JOUUb^ptfl£ are, I* Chamaipitys molchaca, foliis ferratis ; an prima Diofcondis ? C* B . Pin. 249. ©ttsfc <02ouna*ptne, tottlj faggeft Ileate, perhaps the firit Species delcribed by Dio- ficorides • Chamicpitys five Iva mofehata Mo?*- fipelienfium . J. B. 3. 296. Chamxpitys fpuria prior , five Anthyllis altera . Dod. Pempt. 47. From a long thick Root it Aioots up a great many hairy, ligneous Stalks, a Palm or nine Inches high, along which are ftretch- ed thick-fet, hairy whitiAi Leaves, about two or three Inches long, fcarce half an Inch broad, narrower on that Part where they adhere to the Sralk, having one or two Knobs or Bumps about the Middle, like Buckthorn Plantain , fometimes entire quite round, and like to one another, with one Rib running lengthwife. The Flowers are pretty large, purplifli* hairy, and gape with a broad Yawn or Opening. The Seed is black, crumpled, longilh, fomewhat crooked like a Worm, in downy Bags or Husks. 2* Chamaepitys mofehata, foliis ferratis^ flore albo. H. ^ Par . 2$U<6fc dfttOtmtepine, toitlj jaggen JUaDe?, ana a tofjue jHower. 3. Cha- The Compleat Herbal. 385 3, Chamsepitys mofchata, foliis ferratis, flore lateo. $©ttsk dfoottnteptne, tattlj MnM'Httim, an* a pellato plotter. 4. Chamaepicys lutea, vulgaris, five folio trifido. C. B. Pm. 249. Common pelloto (H^ountJ^ine, 0; dftoun&^ine tottlj a i,eaf fpiit in Chamapitys vulgarity cdcrata, flore luteo. J. B. 3. 295. Ajuga, five Ghamapitys mas Diofcoridts. Lob* Icon. 382* This is the Chamxpitys vulgaris of Parlfinfon . Common C^ouno^rine. This is a little low Planr, not exceeding a Palm in Height, and fometimes not above one or two Inches, with a pretty long, fingle and hard Root. The little Stalk is taper, hairy, and reddifh towards the Root, other- wife of a Colour betwixt herby and yellow, as are the Leaves, which grow in Couples at the Knots oppofite to one another, at (mail Diftances, refembling the Foot of a Bird, or a three-grain’d Fork, both in Tafte and Smell like Pitch or Rofin; out of whofe Wings fpring forth yellow Flowers, with a broad Lip cut in two, ftain’d with little red Spots on the upper Side; inftead of a Creft or Cafque, they thruft forth faint purplilh Stamina , to which fucceed four triangular Seeds in each Flower-cup, as in the other wherfd Plants. The Tube or Pipe of the Flower fwells to a Belly, and fupplies the Place of a Seed-vefTel. It very rarely grows any where in Eng* land , unlefs fometimes on fallow Ground. 5. Chama:pitys vulgaris, folio trifido, flore roleo, Lufitanica. ^OltUgttefe Common 0 jounh;ptue, Urttlj a Leaf cut tn tine?, ana a I&ofep jHotneu. Ajuga multifidis fo - iiis & rubcfcente flore . Cluf. Hift. 184* 6. Chamaepitys Chia, lutea, folio trifido, flore magno. CjOttntJ^tnC Of Cljtos, fcritlj alkeaf cut tn tfoee, anh a laro^e jflotoer. 7. Chamaepitys orientalis, Salicis folio. Rental Cfttountepine, toulj a TOtlloto Juaf. Cuamepitys is a compound Greek, Word, which fignifies Low or Ground Pine , which is fo called becaufe of the Similitude or Likenefs of the Leaves ; or Low Pitch- tree, becaufe the Leaves fmell like Pitch . The Latins called i v Ajuga or Abiga, quod fa turn abigat & abortum facias, becaufe it expells the Foetus , and caufes Abortion. Some call it Iva artbritica , becaufe it is proper for the Difeafes of the Joints and Nerves. Of all the fevera! Species of Ground-pints the 4th or common Ground-pine is generally the only one ufed in Shops. It ftrengcbens the Nerves: It warms, dries, cuts, is diu- retick, and emmenagogick, or provokes and brings down the Terms, and is of great Ser¬ vice in all the Difeafes of the Joints. It ex¬ pells the dead Fatus , and the Afterbirth, and operates fo powerfully, that the Ufe of it is forbid wholly to fuch as are with child, becaufe it caufes Mifcarriage. But the De- cocftion of the Herb in Wine, or the Pow¬ der of it with HermodaByls and Venice Fur* pentine made into Pills, is very highly e- fteemed in the Sciatica, and all Difeafes of the Joints. The fame Pills are faid to be very good againft a Dropfy, continuing the Ufe of them for fome Time. N. B. J, Bau - binus advifes to abftain from HermodaByls . The Deco&ion of Ground-pine wonderful¬ ly conduces to cure the Strangury and flop¬ ping of the Urine, or any inward Pains a- riling from rhofe Difeafes of the Reins and Bladder ; and is particularly good againft all Obftru&ions of the Spleen and Liver, for ic cleanfes the grofs impure Blood, and expells that which is congealed, and gently opens; to which Purpofe they were wont in former Times, to make Pills of the Powder and the Pulps of Figgs. The Pills made ot the Powder of Ground-pine , and of HermodaByls with Venice Turpentine, is an excellent Re¬ medy for the Jaundice. Ic Iikewife removes all Diftempers of the Brain proceeding from cold and phlegmatick Humours and Defol¬ iation?, as alfo the Falling-ficknefs. Ic is a fpecial Antidote againft the Poifons of all the Aconites in general, and other poifonous Herbs, as alfo againft the Venom of Scor¬ pions and other poifonous Creatures. Mat- thiolus commends the Conferve of the Flow¬ ers much againft the Palfy. The green Herb or the Deco&ion of it applied, diflolves the Hardnefs of \^omensBreafts,and all other hard Tumours in any other Parc of the Body. In like manner the green Herb, or the Juice of it mixed with Honey, not only cleanfes pu¬ trid and flunking, malignant and vitulenc Ulcers and Sores of all Sorts* but heals and D d d cocglu- 38 6 The Compleat conglurinates the Lips of Green Wounds, in any Part of the Body. Mattbiolus commends certain Pills againft the Palfy, which are made in this Manner : Take, fays he, of Ground-pine, Stcechas, Be- tony, and Rofm&ry Flowers, of each one Dram ; of Turbith one Dram and a half, of Agaric^ two Drams, of Coloquintida half a Dram, of Ginger and Sal Gemm of each ten Grains, of Rhubarb one Dram and a half, of Spikenard feven Grains, of the Powder called Hiera picra fimplex half an Ounce, and of Diagridium one Dram. Let all thefe be made up into a Mafs according to Art, with the Juice of Ground pine, (but I would, and think it more convenient, fays Parkjn- fon , and I am fure more durable, that it be made up into a Mafs with a Syrup made of Honey or Sugar, and the Juice of the Herb.) for fo they will not To foon become dry or bard ; of a Dram of this let nine Pills be made, and three of thefe be taken by thofe that are paralytick, every Night when they go to Bed ; and this, fays he, will give a fure and fpeedy Relief. This Plant, fays Mr. Tour nefort, is bitter and aromatick, and reddens blue Paper a little, which gives Ground to fuppofe that it contains a volatile, aromatick, oily Salt, impregnated with a good deal of Sulphur and Earth : For by a Chymical Analyfis, Ground pine yields feveral acid Liquors, a little urinous Spirit, Abundance of Oil, and yet more Earth. And therefore it is not at all furprifing, that this Plant reftores the or¬ dinary Courfe and Circulation of the Spirits and Liquors in the Nerves and capillary Vef- fels ; and for this Reafon it is very proper in all Diftempers in which the Syftem of the Nerves is affe&ed. It is diuretick, provokes the Terms, and diffipates the Humours that caufe the Gout: For this End is prefcribed the Infulion of it in Wine, and a Ptifan of it with Germander . The Juice of Ground- pine is ufed for the Arthritick Pills of Ni¬ colaus Salernitanus ; but fince they are too compound, it is better to keep to thofe of Mattbiolus defcribed above. • Herbal. TABLE XCIX. Fig. 5. GENUS V. Bugula, OStlgle. UToJe is a Plant with a Flower of one (ingle Leaf A, wicb one Lip divided in¬ to three Parcs, of which the Middle D, is fplit in two, the little Teeth B, fupply the Place of an upper Lip. Out of the Flower- cup E, rifes the Pointal F, fix’d like a Nail into the hinder Part of the Flower C, and attended as it were by four Embryo’s, which afterwards turn to fo many obiong Seeds H, (hut up in a Husk G, which before was the Flower-cup. To thefe Marks mufl be added, that the Flowers of Bugle are rang’d Wherle- falhion. The Species of t 5 ttgle are, I. Bugula. Dod. Pempt . 135. 2 Bttgl 0 . Confolida media , pratenfis, carulea. C. B. Pin. 260. Confolida media, quibufdam Bugu'a . J. B* 3. 430* This is the Confolida vulgaris , jiore caruleo of Parkinfon. This Plant rifes with a fquare, naked, hairy Stalk, fomewhat like Blue-bottle, a Palm or half a Foot high. The Leaves ra- femble thofe of the greater TVater-Pimpernel, and are fomewhat dented, growing in Cou¬ ples oppofite to one another, at Diftances* and are either of a violet, purplilh, or green Colour ; of a fweetifli Tafte at firft Chew¬ ing, but prefently bitterifh and aftringent ^ the lower ones with pretty long Foor-ftalks refembiing the Daify ; and having Tendrels that fpread far and wide. The Flowers out of the Wings of the Leaves ftand in feflile, (hort, hairy, Blue-bottle Flower-cups that arc divided into five Segments, and are of a changeable blue Colour, with a Lip refem¬ biing the Orchis, cut into four Segments, of which the two lateral ones are the longeft, and the two lower ones (hotter, but fome¬ what broader, having no Creft or Wings like the Orchis and the Lamium, but a Poin¬ tal and Chives like Blue-bottle, tailing like Honey, if you fuck that End by which they adhere to the Flower-cup. The Roor> which is The Contpleat Herbal. is fmall and fibrous, is more aftringent to tbe Tarte than the Leaves. Thus far J. Ban - binus. To this add, That the Stalk of this Plant is not rough and hairy on all Sides, but only on tbe two oppofite Sides, and that aF ternately at each Joint, as happens likewife in the Leaves. To each Flower fucceed four Seeds joined together in the Bottom of the Flower-ctrp, as in the reft of this Genust Tbe Wherles of the Flowers, if carefully look’d at, refemble a fort of a Spike. F. Re- neaume calls this Plant Diffocaulo: , becaufe it has two Sorts of Stalks ; the one Sort fmall, taper, creeping upon the Ground, by which it propagates it felf, and the other upright, fquare, and bearing Flowers. It varies with a blue, frefh-colour’d, and white Flower. It grows very common in moift Woods, Forefts, and Meadows, and flowers with us in the Month of My. 2 . Bugula flore cinereo vel albo. Bugle britl) a tttytte o* affccolout’ir Jflotuer- Confolida media, pratenfis , cinerea vel alba. C. B. Pin. 260. 3. Bugula alpina, maxima. %\)t gtcatfft Bugle of tlje #Ips* 4. Bugula fylveftris, villofa, flore ca^ru- ieo. IgattP, OTooo Bugle, tmtl) a blue Jrlotoer. Confolida media, Genevenfis. J. B. . Confolida media , pratenfu r, hirfuta . Par. From a fibrous Room rifes a fquare, chan- nell’d, fomewhat hairy, and naked Stalk 5 which is begirt with narrow Leaves three Inches long, dented round the Edges, fome¬ what hairy, and ftanding upon oblong Foot- ftalks. The Flowers are crefted and blue, out of the Middle of which rife feveral Filaments or Threads, and are as it were colletfted into a Spike. I am of Opinion that this is the fame Spe¬ cies with the Confolida media Genevenfis, wbicA.1 faw growing very common both a- boue Geneva and BapU It differs from the common Sort, in having feveral upright Scalks riling from the Roor; in its fmaller, more oblong Leaves, and in the upper Leaves be¬ ing more deeply notch’d, and in its wanting Tendrels. [{ay. 5. Bugula fylveftris, villofa, flore fuave^ rubente. Ikatrp, MC0b Bugle, fctttl) a CljaWUng rea jflotoer* Confolida media Genevenfis , flore rubella . J. B. 3. 432. This Bugle does not differ much from the former, but that it is a more tender Plant* fofc and fmootb to the Touch, not rifing uite fo high as the former ; and that the lowers are of a fine red blufli Colour. 6 , Bugula fylveftris, villofa, flore albo. teatrp, OToob Bugle, a toptte JflOtDCC. Confolida media Genevenfis, flora albo. J. B. 3. 432. This white-flower’d Bugle differs neither in Form nor Size from the common Bugle ; but its Leaves and Scalks are always green, and never brown like the Other, and the Flowers very white* 7. Bugula Sarnia, verna, Borraginis fo- lio, flore iriverfo, e casruleo flavefcente. ntian fpjtttg Bugle, tntt!) a Borage leaf, ana an tnbecteb plotter, of a peUotoiflj blue Colour. 8- Bugula orientalis, villofa, flore inver- fo, caeruleo, alba macula notaro. ®£tcnfal batrp Bugle, tm'tft an tubmen blue jflottter, market* tontlj a toljfte ^tatn. p. Bugula orientalis, villofa, flore inver- fo, candido, cum oris purpureis. Client ft I Ijatrp Bugle, luttlj an tnberfen tnljtte ^lotaer* ann purple Cages. 10. Bugula orientalis, flore ex violaceo purpilrafcente. ^Djtental Bugle, fttfl) a purplifb-Htolet/cclourn J?teer. 11. Bugula orientalis, longifolia, flore majore, intenfe c^ruleo. 3 D?tental lottg^ leab’n Bugle, tnftb a larger jfloc&er, of a bjtgljt blue Colour. Bugula is of French Original ; for this Plant is called Bugle by the French. It agrees in Vertues with Self heal; and is vulnerary, ufed both internally and exter¬ nally. Ic is good in the Jaundice, Obftru- tftion of the Liver, Retention of the Urine, Ruptures, [3c. So that as ic refembles Self- heal in Figure and Shape, fo likewife in Qualities. From whence it enters as ' an Ingredient into the vulnerary Decocftions of the Surgeons, and is commended, externally applied, to the Venereal Ulcers of the fecrec Parts. Ic is a common Proverb in France , That whoever has Bugle and Sanicle , has no Oc- cafion for a Surgeon. Bugle is recommended for Ruptures, Fracftures, Convulfions, and Ddd 2 Bruifes $ gS8 The Commie at Herbal. Bruifes; and therefore is added in vulnerary Potions, in which it is faid to have fo much Power, that it diflolves and difcufles con¬ gealed and clotted Blood* It is look’d upon as a prefent Remedy for the Apbtb* and creep¬ ing Ulcers in the Mouth* The Deco&ion of the Leaves and Flowers in Wine is effectual for all inward Wounds, Thrufts or Stabs in the Body or Bowels, for fucb as are Liver-grown, as they call it, whofe inward Griefs and Pains arife from the Obftru&ions of the Liver and Gall, and for ftrengthning the Parts afterwards. Ei¬ ther the Leaves bruifed and applied, or the juice ufed to walh and bathe the Parts* is a wonderful Remedy for all Manner of Ul¬ cers or Sores, whether they be new and frefli, or old and inveterate, , nay, for Fi- ftula’s and Gangrenes ; and the fame made into a Lotion, with fome Honey of fyfes and Allom, cures all §ores of the Mouth and Gums. Parkjnfin recommends to ail good and charitable Ladies, an Oinrment made of the Leaves of Bugle, Scabious and Sarticle bruifed and boiled in Hogs-lard, till the Herbs be dry, and then drained’and kept in a Por, as an excellent Remedy for all Sorts of Ulcers, Contufions and Wounds., Bugle , fays Mr. Tournefort , is bitter, de- terfive, and reddens blue Paper a little r It is ufed in vulnerary Potions, Ptifans, and Apozems which are prefcribed for Spitting of Blood, for the Rloody-flux, for the Whites, for the Diftempers of the Throat, for Ulcers, and for the Sores and Inflam¬ mation of the Mouth. The clarified Juice of Bugle has the fame Vertues; it is ufed in Plaifters. This Plant is likewife aperi¬ tive and diuretick r Camerarius and Dodo - rtceuf prefcribe it in the Obftru&ions of the Liver. It contains Sal ammoniac ^ wrapt up in Sulphur •, Ionthla>'pi. Urea^fe, - nu//la. rd. C O k f*> cG B pa, 3&0. Rapiftrum . $uzr/wA #r I/eb£-7nu/kml. ^ i & m* \d f c E 4) Gr P 3&- 1 JM^agrui v r !<■ V* k E H' The Compleat Herbal. o %9 The Fifth CLA SS. Of Herbs and Under-fhrubs, With a Polypetalous Flower in the Form of a Crofs, T HE Flos CruciformtSy or Flower in Colewort , &c» And the Flower-cup of this Form of a Crofs, is a Flower that Flower, if it has any, is generally furnilh’d is always compofed of four Leaves, with four Leaves, commonly plac'd in the and in fome Sort refembles a Crofs : Such fame Order as the Leaves of the Flower^ as is the Flower of Stock, gify-flmer> pocket, But the Poinral always turns to a Fruit. SECT. I. H* i £• O" lffcj ’ i- ?1 ' • ; j* l'\ Of Herbs with a Flower in Form of a Crofs , whofe Pointal turns to a Fruit 3 con fifing o\ husky. TABLE C. Fig. i. GENUS I. Jonthlafpi, Creacle»ttutffatti. J ^DntljIafpi is a Plant with a Flower in Form of a Crofs A, confiding of four Leaves B : Out of whofe Flower-cup D, rifes the Poinral C, which afterwards turns to Fruit, having but one Cheft, flat, round, (hap’d like a Buckler ; in which is contain’d a round Seed F, which is likewife flar- The Species of this Plant are, I. Jonthlafpi lureo flore, incanum, monta- num, difeoides. Col. part j. 280. mountain ffwacterontoi, ttrit!) a isb ’ly of one Box or Cheft , and not loto jffotoct. T hfafpi faxatile , inca.num 3 Jts- teum y Serpilli folio , minus• C. B. Pin. 107. This is the Thlajpi montanum lutsum minus of Parkin/ot?. It grows up with final], rough, narrow, oblong Leaves, in the Form and Figure of the Piant drawn by Mattbiolm for the A ly forty but fmalier by one half, about round, pur¬ ple Tendrels or Shoots, lying along upon the Ground, and overlaid with a white rough Hairinefs ; on the Top of which ftand fweet fmelling Flowers, which are large in Proportion to the Planr, and difpofed along the Tendrels, not in an Umbell, but in a long Corymbus in a Circle, being of a yellow Colour, or a bright golden Colour %, and the Leaves whole, in the Shape of a Heart to which fucceed the Fruit at Bottom, likewife adhering alternately io 39 ° The Contpleat Herbal. long Foot-ftalks in a Circle round the Ten- drels, of a round Figure, about the Bignefs of a Lentil, being rough with a hoary Down, having a long Chive, and containing one flat yellow Seed. It is to be feen very common upon the Mountains near the Tiber , flowering in the Months of May and June, and laves the Imooth and even Tops of Hills. The Leaves are hard and as it were with¬ out Juice, having a’ dry herby Tafte ; nor do they feem to have any Acrimony, no more than the Seeds. After the Flowers are fallen, it grows again afrelh from the fame Root, and never dies. 2. Jontblafpi minimum, fpicatum, luna- rum. Col. Part I. 284. &\)Z fmallcft fptkCU jurcketi Ktetitlemuttm. t hufpi clypea - tum y ferpiUi folio • C. B. Pin. 107. Lunaria pelt at a, minima quibufdam , ad Thlafpi refe - renda. J. B. 2. 935. 3. Jontblafpi orientale, fructu echinato. . SDnnttal tottfr atmeki? ifrtttt. The Root of this Plant is final], flender and whitifli, and is fometimes found divided into Fibres. It fends up fmall rough Ten- drels, nine Inches high at moft, leaning, and fometimes upright, but then the Plant has but one Stalk. The Stalks are encom- pafled with Leaves rang’d alternately, whit- ifli, very fmall, one half (mailer than the Leaves of the Thymum duriut diftum, afperi- ufculum, and fometimes looking,all one Way. From the Middle of the Tendreis (which are covered over with rough and whitifli Hair) to the very Top hangs round, carti¬ laginous Fruir, about the Bignefs of a Len¬ til, flat, and rang’d into a long Spike; and commonly hanging all one Way from fmall crooked Foot-ltalks, having a Flower-cup divided into four Segments, that can hardly be feen for Smallnefs. It has always fmall Flowers at Top very thick-fec as it were in an UaibelJ, which immediately bring forth fmall, round, hairy Bags in the Middle, pretty big-belly’d, encompafled with a Sel- vidge, and as it were fplic at Bottom like Thlafpi , When they come forth they look of the Colour of Straw, and fall off about the End of May\ having one only Seed with¬ in, of an oval Figure, that is flat, yellow or red. It grows in the Bottoms of Mountain*; and on the barren Hills lying to the Eaft of Anvers; about the End of April or Beginning of May. I have gathered it about Mont¬ pelier • and Cherler in the Fields about Nifmes. F(ay. This Plant has the fame Vertues with the common T hlafpi y and yields a great deal of volatile Salt, and eflfentiai Oil. We chufe the faireft Seed, which is moft biting and piquant to the Tafte, like Muftatd . It is ufed in the Compofition of leverai Medicines, and is cutting, attenuating, deterfive, ape¬ ritive, proper to provoke Urine and the Terms, to baften the Birth, and to bring a- way the After-birth, and is very proper to break inward Impoftumes. It is particularly recommended for the Cure of the Sciatica, diflolving of the Scone and grumous Blood ; if given in Powder, from half a Scruple to two Scruples in the Morning faffing. TABLE C. Fig. 2 . GENUS II. Rapiftrum, Cfjatlocfe or Ggjflfc* mutfaro. is a Plant with a Flower in the Form of a Crofs A, confining of four Leaves B : Out of whofe Flower-cup C, rifes the Point*! D, which afterwards turns to a Fruit or globular Husk E, with one Capful a or Cfaeft F r furnilh’d with one Angle Seed G. The. Species of adoefe are, I* Rapiftrum monofpermum. C. Pin. 95 . Cijaciocfc fctttl) one Prodr. 37 . 9 -B. 3 . 845 - . . The lower Leaves of this Charlock are fomewhat large, thick and hairy, of a very frefli green Colour, ragged on- both Edges, at the Botrom* but broader at the Ends, where they are only wav’d : The Stalks al- fo are a little hairy, about a Foot high or more, fet with a few ,fuch Leaves as the loweft, but fmaller, and branching forth in¬ to long Spikes of golden yellow Flowers the Length of one's Hand, in whofe Room come The Cowpledt Herbal. 391 come (mail round ftrip’d Heads or Husks, with a fmall Point at the End, containing in each of them but one Seed, from whence it took its Name. The Root is long and white, and fomewhat fibrous. 2 . Rapiftrum maximum, rotundifolium, monofpermon. Corn. 147. SC \)Z gtCattft rouniMleati’ft Clja.dock, laritlj owe ®eeo. The Spanifh Kind differs from the former French or Dutch Sort fet forth by Bauhinus , in that it grows- higher, with larger Leaves divided into Parts, the End large, round and hairy ; the Branches more numerous, the Flowers large and white in yellowifh Husks, without any Stamina or Threads in the Middle : The Seed alfo rounder, and not pointed at the End. 3. Rapiftrum arvenfe, folio auriculato, acuto. jtirito Charlock, tottlj a (fcarp auriculatett 3 Uaf, Myagro fivnilx filiqua >0- tunda• C. B. Pin. iop. Prodr. 52. Myagro affinis herba y capitulis rotund' js» J. B. 2. 8 p 5 - 4. Rapiftrum orientale, Demis leoriis.rfo- lio, flore albo. Rental Cijatlock, luttk a SDennelion lUaf, an* a toljtte j^Idtoer. 5. Rapiftrum orientale, Acanthi folio. tiDtfentaK Charlock, toitfp an ^cantiju-s lleaf. This Genus of Plants is as little ufed in Phylick as the former, that is, not at all 5 and therefore we (hall go on diredily and without Delay to the following. TABLE G Fig. 3. GENUS HI. Myagrum, ©oft of f^leafute. /^L£)Ih of JMcaftUT is a Plant with a ^ Flower in Form of a Crofs A, confid¬ ing of four Leaves B : Out of whofe Flower-cup C, rifes the Poimal D, which afterwards turns to a copped Fruit E, having but one Cheft H, furnilh’d with an oblong Seed G, and two empty Cells F, at the Point IK. The Species of this Plant are, 1. Myagrum monofpermum, latifolium. c ‘ B i ??*• l °9- 25?oafo4?fft’9) ow gvmu’a tipofo Of $leafttre. This is the Myagrum monofpermon majus of Parlflnfon . The Root is thick and white, but annual, and produces feveral Stalks a Cubit or a Cubit and a half high, grey, taper, fmoorh, firm, full of white Pith, hollow with many Wings, very much branch’d towards the Top, with very long Branches (hooting out from the Stalk, and making almoft right Angies with ir. The Leaves are much like the uppermoft Leaves of Garden Woad, but commonly jagged, efpecially the lower ones, and greyifh like them, embracing the Stalks with their Wings or Finns, and of an ole- raceous Tafte* The Flowers are yellow, four-leav’d, much fmaller than thofe of Cole - wore, and of the Size of the Hedge-muftard Flowers ; they blow by Degrees, and not all at the fame Time $ for while fome break forth out of the Flower-cup, others turn to Seed, which is fingle in each of the (harp- pointed Bags, which look upwards, and adhere cjofe to the Stalks and Branches. J. Bauhinus obferved it growing wild in the Fields betwixt Dampierre and S. Mau¬ rice. It flowers with us in the Month of June, and perilhes from the very Root as foon as the Seed is ripe. 2. Myagrum monofpermon, minus. C. ZL Pin. I Cp. Prodr. 52. %fmalltt OWZ* grains (Ejoto of pieafttre. This is the Myagro flmilis , flore albo of f. Bauhinus • It fends up immediately from the Root many fmooth Leaves, three Inches long, much refembling the Leaves of Sciatica Greffes , and fomewhat jagged : Among which rile Stalks full of Pith, and hollow with Wings ; which Stalks are encompaffed by winged Leaves, that are as it were dented with fmall Teeth. The fmall white Flowers Band on the Tops of the Stalks, and are fucceeded by roundifii, pointed Seed-veflels, hanging at a long Foot-ftalk, refembling the Myagrum with round Heads. The Root is (mall, long, white and fingle, or confifts of a few Fibres. J. Bauhinus found this Plant betwixt Bo» nonia and Florence . It is to be met with every where in the Corn Fields, with its Flowers and Heads, in the Months of May and June. 3. Myagrum 39 2 T"he Compleat Herbal. 3. Myigrnm capitulis rotundis. J. B. 2. and for the rich Man’s Lamp • and ferves 8p5. tipolu Of alfo, with a Ley made of Allies, to make It produces many Stalks, fays Baubi- Soap; for which Purpofes it is moft ufed. nw y from a (ingle, ligneous Root : The Plants that were Town in my Garden, fays KV) produced but one Stalk from one Root ; a Cubit and two Cubits high, fays J* Bau - hinuw ; fuch as grew in my Garden, fays t{ay, never exceeded a Cubit in Height; taper, brittle, hairy, branch’d immediately from the Root, with numerous Branches ipringing forth out of the Wings of the leaves; along which grow very fmall pale \ 7 [ 73 PatJ is a Plant with a Flower in Flowers, leffer than thofe of the common ^ * Form of a Crofs A, confifting of four Myagrum , to which fucceed, in a long Se- Leaves B : Out of whofe Flower-cup D, ries alternately rang'd, fmall Heads, fmaller rifes the Pointal C, which afterwards turns than Coriander , adhering to fmall Foot-ftalks, to a Fruit in the Shape of a Tongue E, flat half an Inch long, (hooting from the Stalk, at the Ectee, gaping two Ways F G, having black when ripe, ending in a fmall Point, but one Creft or Box H, and generally fur- from which are ftretch’d to the very Foot- mih'd with an oblong Seed I. Balk four little Ribs, not at all winged. In each of thofe Heads is lodg'd a yellow, The Species of ^[toah are, oleaginous Seed, that has no perceiveable I. Ifatis fativa five latilolia. C. B. Pin . Tafte. The Leaves are like thofe of the 113. Ifatis five Glaftum fativum. B . 2. common Myagrum, but fmaller, rough, of a pop. Ifatis fativa. Dod. Pempt . 7p. (Rir&ttl dark green Colour, and fomewhar fucculenr, or b^O&tfcTialJ’tl S 2 UoaH. being rang’d along the Stalks and Branches The Root of this Plant, fays -f. Bauhinus, alternately, and encompafling them, without which is an Inch thick, whitifli and ligne- any Foot-ftalks, and producing finny Wings ous, (hoots down into the Earth a Cubit or on both Sides, of a vifcid Tafte, which is a Cubit and a half. It fends up Stalks a- maukifli and infipid, unlefs that there is a bout the Thicknefs of one's little Finger, very little Acrimony, which is afterwards two Cubits or a Yard high, ftiff, taper, tafted and warms the Tongue : The lower- fmootb, reddifli, and very much branch’d at moft Leaves ftand upon long Foot-ftalks, and Top ; cloatbed with many Leaves that are are gently wav’d. rang’d in-no Manner of Order. The Flowers This is an annual Plant, and renews it ftand on the Tops of the Branches, and are felt by the fall’n Seed. yellow, thick-fet, fmall, compofed of four This Genus feems to be called Myagrum longifti, blunt and entire Leaves, with long from two Greek Words, vi%. pya. a Fly, (lender Footftalks to fupporc them. Bau- and aype.veit' to catch, as if you (hould fay, kinus gives eight Leaves to the Flower ; but a Plant that by irs glutinous and clammy thole four which be calls leffer are the Leaves Moifture catches Flies ; which yet is not of the Flower-cup, not of the Flower. The exactly true of Myagrum* Slamina are yellow, and fmall. The Seed- The Oilinefs of the Seed of Myagrum y vefTels when ripe are black, broad, blunt, fays Diofcorides , (erves to make fmooth any refembling Birdi-tongue , but (mailer, with Part of the Skin that is rugged. And Galen a Rib running along lengtbwife, at which fry*, That the Seed being oily, has an em- Part they open, and each ef them contains plaftick or clammy Quality* Pliny , and one (ingle yellow Seed. The lower Leaves IHuellius from him, fays, That the Oil cures do fomewbat refemble Hounds-tongue, and the Ulcers of the Mouth. The Oil of the are a lirtle grey, oblong and fmooth. But Seed is in much Ufe in Germany and elfe- fome of the firft, fays $. Baubinus y arc fotne- wbere, where they fow many Fields with it, times hairy, and likewife fomeiimes wav’d, and is ufed both for the poor Man's Table, refembling the Leaves of Dames-violet . Such as TABLE Cl. Fig. 1. GENUS. IV. Ifatis, Ifatis. J/'&ad. \ A Crambe. a^rt - - ' i v The Compleat Herbal. 393 * as adhere to the Stalks and Branches with¬ out any intervening Foot-ftalk, are furnifli’d with feather’d Beards at Bottom, and are oblong, narrow, ending in a Point, grey and fmooth ; tho' fome of the lowermoft have fome few Hairs upon them, efpecially on the under Side near the Edges, and at the middle Rib. Both the Stalks and the Leaves are cover’d with a Sort of Meal or Flower, which may be eafily wip’d off. It produces Stalks and Flowers the fecond Year after it is fown ; and after it has brought the Seed to Peifedtion, it withers to the very Root, and renews it felf from •the falPn Seed* It is fown in the Inland Country of Eng¬ land : And the wild Kind does not feem to differ from this but only in Culture. 2. Ifatis fylveftris vel anguftifolia. C. B. Fin. Moan. jfntK fiye GUftum fpontaneum. I. B» 2* pop. Ifatis fylveftris. Dod. Pempt. 79. 3. Ifatis oriemalis, maritima, canefcens. SDjtetttal, maritime;, toliite Moao. 4. Ifatis oriemalis, fru&u ovato, canef- cente. £Djiental Moaa, tmtlj an obal, fciljitiff) iFrutt. <. Ifatis orientalis, Lepidii folio. £Dj(en^ tat Moah, toitl) a SDittanoer lleaf. 6 . Ifatis orientalis, foliis Brafiicae perfo- liatse, fru&u cordiformi, canefcente. lit ental Moan, mill) rije HeaDeo of perfo^ Itaten Coletoo#, ana a arijittfy ifrtttt in tlje &ljape of a ^eart. 7. Ifatis minor, Lufitanica. H« L. Bat. App. K\)t fmaller ^ojtupefe Moan* Herman fays, that it produc'd Leaves pret¬ ty much of the Size of the Myagrum Leaves, but fomewhat larger; Stalks a Span high, branch'd, and ilender ; yellow, four-leav'd, fmall Flowers ; flat, fungous Pods, refem- bling a Bird’s Tongue, in the Middle of which was one yellow, obkmg, acrimonious Seed, like all the reft of the Speiies. Glaftum was call’d by the Latins , Vitrum y according to the joint Teftimony of Vitru¬ vius , Mela , Ccefar , and Marcellus Empiricus. I am of Opinion, that it was for this Reafon call'd Vitrum by the Latins , be- caufe this Word has the. fame Signification with the Gl4 Tfa Compleat Herbal. better prepared. But if the Weather proves inconftant and unfeafonable, fo that it is fometimes-dry’d, and fometimes water’d with Rains, this Herb, which ought to be pre- ferv’d from all external Wet, runs the Hazard of being fpoil*d, and, which is a Proof of this, of turning black, which often happens in one Night’s Time. When the Superfluous Moifture is con- fumed and fpenr, it rnuft be gather’d, and put into Hand-mills. After this Shaking, Squeezing, Comminution and Rubbing, fuch as is proper for fuccuient Herbs, it muft be compared into an oblong or round Heap, covering the upper Part to keep off the Rain, and making Vans about the Side, that fo the remaining herby Corruption may be excluded during the Nigh r . When the Moifture is quite exhaufted, it muft be made up into large Balls, and brought to that Machine, and put into an open Houfe to be dried ; for the greatclt Care muft be taken to free it from all fuper- ftuous Moifture, for fear left it ftiould be¬ come quite rotten. It may be left in this Place as long as is convenient, or the Balls now gently dried, may either be brought home to your own Houfes, or may be (old to the Merchants in Order to a -further Pre¬ paration* For thofe Balls, which you may fee fold for a good deal of Money, being gathered in Heaps and laid upon a Lofc or boarded Floor, grow warm by Degrees, and exhale an urinous volatile Salt, fo much the fooner for the warm Air furrounding them in the Summer Time, and in Proportion to their Number. They not only fill the Place where they are, but oftentimes the whole Houfe and the neighbouring Houfes, with their Smell. At laft the Heat encreafes by pour¬ ing on Water, ’till they are reduc’d (not into Alhes, as fome will have it, but) into a coarfe Duft fit for the Dyers Ufe, which from hence is, by way of Excellency, call’d Glaflum , or prepaid ffW- The fecond Crop that comes up is not fo carefully and tenderly weeded as the firft ; but Sheep are put into the Field where it grows, that they eating the Grafs and Weeds that, grow amotigft it may thereby purge and weed it; for they neither hurt it by eating of it* nor by trampling upon it £ un- lefs by the Carelefnefs of the Shepherd they ftay longer amongft it than they ought. Six Weeks after the firft Harveft it is a^ gain cut down as the firft was ,* and after fix Weeks more there is a third Harveft* provided the Weather is favourable • tho* this is not fo good as the former, both by Reafon of the Infuificiency and Weaknefs of the Sun’s Heat, and becaufe the Seafon is net fo proper to deep and wafti it. Next Year they fow Barley in the fame Fields where the IVoad grew. If you want Seed, you have only to leave Part of the third-Harveft, or Crop, which towards the latter End of‘the Year will yield you Seed. All thefe Particulars are taken from Weds- Urn , Dodtor of Phyfick and PrcfeflTor in the Univerfity of Jena* Qur Countrymen, fays Mr,.R*y, do not obferve this Method in all Refpedts, in pre- paring of VFoad • as I was inform’d by a Friend, whom I confulced in this Mailer. It is Town with us about the Beginning of March , on a fat Ground, that is warm and well dung’d ; and is cut down about the Middle of May , fooner or later, according to the Temper of the Weather and the Ripe- Refs of the Herb. As foon as it is cut down, it is immedi^ ately carried ro the Mill, and by Grinding made fo fmall as to be fit to be made up into little Balls, without any Kind of Mixture. They put thefe Balls upon Hurdles to dry ; and when they are fufliciently free’d from their Moifture, they put them once more in the Mill, and grind them into as fmall a Powder as they well can. When it is thus reduc’d to Powder, they lay it in a Heap upon a fmooch Floor, or on a Board Floor, and then water it plenti¬ fully by pouring Water upon it, ’till fuch time as it (licks together, and fends forth a. Vapour or Smoak $ and they let it lie there for feveral Weeks fo warm and Tmoaking hot, ’till it is by Degrees macerated and ripened ; the watery Moifture in the mean while evaporatings and the medicinal Moifture concocting. But in order to moderate the Heat, and prevent its becoming, too intenfe,, they turn it every Day with a Shovel, for three or four Weeks. But it contra&s a Mouldinefs and Whicenefs in drying, which it afterwards lofes, before it arrives to its. The Cotttpleat llerhali foU Ripenefsi when it is pe.fedly prepared, they put it in Bags, and carry it to Market to fell* _ » t * - In a warm and dry Summer the Juice is well conco&ed, and thereby is the more fit to make a noble and excellent Pamr. But when the Weather is rainy and moift, it runs much into Leaves, and enriches the Sower with a plentiful Crop, growing up very quickly, and bringing four or five Crops in one Summer. The firft Crop is always accounted the Left, and the ottos that fol¬ low grow worfe and worfe in Proportion, to the lad. )f ,. This iVoad not only gives of ic felt a blue Colour, but is the very Balls and Founda¬ tion of almoft all other Colours. But I am afraid I hare Paid - too much of our iVoadi Whoever defires to know more, (for what has been faid is not fufficient to inftruct one perfectly ignorant of this Art) muft confulc thofe Authors who have made it their Bufinefs to treat of this Matter; the foreraid Crolach , and an anonymofis Au¬ thor, who has wrote a Treatife in Englijh concerning Husbandry. I cannot aflent to Bodatus d Stapel , That PVoad does not empoverilh, but rather en¬ riches Land ; tho* perhaps it may happen to make ic more fit for producing of Wheat : For that is not the moft fertile Wheat that is Town upon the richeft Ground, fince ic luxuriates and fpends all its Strength in the Stalks and Leaves, and does not produce much Grain, and the Grain ic does produce is not plump and full of Flower. Parkjnfon fays, that the Faculties of bVoad are binding and very drying, and fomewbat bitter withal, but not acrimonious ; and that the wild Sort is much more fo than the cultivated ; becaufe commonly all wild Herbs exceed the tame in their Properties, and that therefore it refills Putrefa&ion, and prevents it more than the tame doth : That the Tame ftanches Bleedings of all Sorts, either inward or outward, either upwards or downwards, more than the wild. The Deco&ion of the manur’d, and much more of the- wild Sort, made with Wine, cures the Hardnefs of the Spleen, efpecialjy if the outward Region of it be fomented with it. The manur’d is much more fuccefsfully ufed for all green Wounds than the wild, by quickly confolidating and clofing up the Lips of them *. Nor is it lefs efte&ual for reprefling the corroding malignant Qualities of foul and eating Ulcers, Cancers and the like; and even heals them. It allays and dif- cufles all hot Inflammations, Impoftumes, Sr. Anthony’s Fire, and hard Tumours or Swellings. TABLE Cl. Fig. 2. GENUSV. Crambe, a Sort of C0le&0£t. /^Katttbc is a Plant with a Flower in Form of a Crofs A, confiding of four I eaves B : Out of whole Flower-cup C, rifes the Pointal D, which afterwards turns to a Fruit or Husk E, having but one Chefi: or Cell F, gaping both Ways G G, furniflui wi^h a Seed that is commonly oblong H. The Species of Cratttb£ are, 1, Crambe maritima, Braflicte folio. ritime Crambe, fend; a CoIcfto;t et\ Braffica maritima , rnonofpermos. C. B. Pin. 112. Braffica rnonofpermos, Anglica. J. B* 2. 8 JO. Braffica. marina , fylveflris , multi flora % rnonofpermos. Lob. Icon. 245* The Sea Crambe or Colewort has feveral broadifli, large, thick and wrinkled Leaves, or curl’d as it were about the Edges, grow¬ ing each upon a feveral thick Foot-ftalk, very eafy to be broken, and of a greyifn green Colour : From among which rifes up a ftrong thick Stalk, two Foot high and bet¬ ter, with fome Leaves on it quite up to the Top, where it very much branches our, and on every Branch ftands a large Buffi of pale whitifh Flowers, confiding of four Leaves each : After which come fmall thick and ftiort Pods, containing but one roundifh and greyifh Seed apiece, and much larger than Soldanella or Sea-bindweed Seed. The Root is pretty large, and ihoots forth many Sprays or Fibres under-gound, keeping the green Leaves all the Winter. 2. Crambe maritima, foliis Erucae latiori- bus, frudu hadiformi. $!$artttmc CrfttTlbr, fmtlj I&octo Jlcabcs, but Incafccr, am? a J 30 b fbvip’b like a S>pear* Bruca maritima, £ e e 2 latifolia , 39 6 The Compleat Herbal. latifolia , Italic a y filiqvd hqftce cufpidi fimili. C. B. Pin* pp. Cakjle , five Eruca marina , latifolia • J. B. 2. 868. Eruca maritima , £/;b*, filiqud fun%ofa* ter of a, rotunda , foliis swffij, Utioribut. Mor. Hift. Oxon. Part 2. 231. Tho* the Root of this Plant is fmal!, yet it is pretty long, producing many Stalks a- bove nine Inches high. The Leaves are like thofe of bafe wild Jacket, but fmaller, fat¬ ter, of an acrid faltifh Tafte, The Flowers Band upon peculiar lateral Shoots, rang’d like the Flowers of Rocket or Colevoort , and of the fame Make and Shape, and are of a purple Colour. The Pods are thickifh, fhorr, containing two Seeds each, fays Bau- hinui , but Mr. Ray affirms that he obferved only one Cell or Cavity in the Seed-veffel ; which is right. 3. Crambe maritima, foliis Erucae an- juftioribus, frudfu haftiformi. Crambe, brirfj itoebet Leabes, but nar* rotter, atm a ifrttit (bap a like ( a §>pear. Eruca maritima , anguftifolia , Italic a , filiqud baft a cufpidi fimili. C* B* Pin. pp. Ca^le quibufdam, aliis Eruca Marina & Raphanus marinw. J. B. 2. 867. Cakile Serapionit , E- rue* folio , Napi flore , vulgo Eruca marina. Lob. Icon. 223. 4. Crambe orientals, Perfoliatae folio, fru&u quatuor alis undulatis munito. SD^y eutal Crambo ttit& a 2 EJ)Q?ougfcttap Leaf, anm a ifnttt gttamn bv four biab’ft Wng?* 5. Crambe orientalis, Demis Leonis fo¬ lio, Erucaginis facie. Rental Catttbe, ttttb a gDenbelton Leaf, anb tlje epake cf bafe tttfb Rochet. The crambe mari¬ tima, foliis Eryae latioribui & ar,guftioribm y fruHu Laftiformi is juftly excluded this Ge¬ nus, becaufe jc belongs of Right to Cakjle* The Sea Crambe is not much ufed in Phylick $ but the Herb containing in it a- crimonious, nitrous, and birter Qualities, the firft Broth or Decodfion of it opens the Belly and purges the Body ; whereas the fecond Decodlion is faid to bind the Body. However, Galen is of Opinion that this is noxious, becaufe he fays it varies much from the Temperature of our Bodies, as being hotter and drier than the Garden Kinds ; and therefore as all other wild Herbs are ftronger in their Operations than the tame Ones, fo this cleanfes and digefts more powerfully than they. The Leaves, while they are young, tho* bitter, being boil’d, are eaten like other Colexvorts by fe~ veral poor People near the Sea ; for the Boiling takes away much of their Biternefs. The Seed bruifed and drunk, kills Worms : The Leaves or the Juice of them applied to Sores or Ulcers, cleanfes and heals them, diflolves Tumours or Swellings, and removes Inflammations. SECT. t Coclilearia. tfcio. nsy-yrau pa#. 4.03. r g h f Thlafpidium 7 ' O' m - 'the Compleat Herbal. SECT. II. Of Herbs with a Flower in Form of a Cross, whofe Tointal turns to a fbort Fruit, divided in two by an intermediate Septum or Midriff, and placed , with RejpeCt to the Vdives, obliquely perpendicular. TABLE CII. Fig. t. GENUS I. Thlafpi, tmtflara. A/f3Grt)JtDat£*nu!ttari> is a Plant with a Flower in Form of a Grofs A, confid¬ ing of four Leaves B : Out of whofe Flow¬ er-cup D, rifes the Pointal E, which after¬ wards turns to a fmoorh roundilh Fruit F, commonly with a foliaceous Border, and flit on the upper Side, divided into two Cells I K, by an intermediate Partition H, plac’d obliquely perpendicular with Relpedt to the Valves G, furnifh’d with Seeds that are ge¬ nerally fmooth L. To tbefe Marks we mud add the undivided Leaves, by which it dif¬ fers from Crejjes. The Species of this Plant are, I. Thlafpi vulgatius. J. B • 2. 921. Common ^tt^ioatc^mttttaro* Thlafpi ar- venfe, Vaccaria incano folio. C. B. Pin. 106. Thlafpi alterum. Dod. Pempt. 712* From a pretty thick, fibrous, ligneous, white, and fomewhat acrid Roor, rife hairy, taper, ftiff, branch’d Stalks : To which ad¬ here Leaves without Foot (talks $ which Leaves are long, becoming narrower by gen¬ tle Degrees, dented or notched, embracing the Stalk with double Finns, of an acrid biting Tafte. The Flowers are very fmall, white, numerous, ranged as in Shepherd's - purfe , fupported by four greenifh Leaves, with whue Chives. The Seed veffels dis¬ play the Flowers very quickly, and are fo- liaceous, roundifh, unbroken, flit at Top, and contain an acrid Seed like Mujlard or Crejfe Seed. To thefe Marks add, That the Leaves which fpring tp immediately from the Root red upon long Foot-ftalks : That the little Pods or Seed-veflels (land upon longer Foot- ftalks than in Crejjes , and bending down¬ wards ; and that they contain only two Seeds, one at each End. It grows commonly among Corn, efpect- ally in a Tandy and gravelly Soil. 2* Thlafpi Vaccarise incano folio, minus. C. B. Pin. 106. Prodr . 47. §&mall jftcncfj ©ufotoate*muttar&. The whole Plant is downy and hoary. From a pretty thick reddifh Root rife Stalks fcarce a Palm high* crooked, and as it were creeping, hairy and hoary, cloathed with fmall hoary Leaves, refembling the Leaves of Tower-mu/lard, wanting Foot- ftalks, and ranged along the Stalks alternate¬ ly : On the Top of which Hand feveral white Flowers united as it were into a round- ifh Spike, to which fucceed little Bags or Seed-vetfels. It is found creeping in the Fields about Montpelier, and a little larger and more ere& in Provence near Marfeiles. Mr. Ha? fays he fufpedfcs that this does not differ from the Thlafpi incano folio per - enne ; and that perhaps the Smallnefs and Hoarinefs of the Leaves may be owing to the Soil where it grows. D. Magnol found it in great Plenty in the Foreft of Valens, in the Road as you go to a Village call’d Violisy in full Bloom in the Month of May. 3. Thlafpi arvenfe, filiquis latis. C. B . pin. 105. trn'tb foO&D Thlafpi cum filiquis latis . J. B» 2. 9 25- 39 B The Cowpleat Herbal. 2. 02 3. Thlafpi latiuit Dod. Pempt. 712. Ic flowers at the fame Time with the This is the Thlafpi Diofcoridis of Gerarde ; former. Mr. Ray fays he firft obferved this and the T hlafpi Dial* folio of Parkjnfon. Plant in VHales y where it bore the Winter. This is a Plant very well known, with Bauhinm's Defcription of this Plant an oblique, white, ligneous Root, of an agrees in moft Things with ours; bur, which okraceous Tafte, which at length becomes is ftrange, he obferved no Difference in the bicterilh ; with Stalks above a Palm and a Bignefs of the Flowers; And the Leaves of half and a Cubit high, angular, channelfd, this Plant which ftand lowfcrmoft, fays Mr. and winged. The Leaves adhere to them Bay, are not divided, if I remembec right, without a Foot-ftalk, being wav’d, with like the Leaves of ticket, but are whole, pretty long lbarp Finns, of a dark green and only flightJy finuated or wav’d round Colour, and of a Tafte betwixt Colexoort and the Edges :• nor are the Pods bairy, but ra- Onions , and a Smell pretty near that of Gar - ther hoary, with a fhort Down and as it were tick* The Flowers are fmall and whitifti, Flox. C. Batibinus makes the Root of his rcfembling thofe of Shepherd’ s pwje ; to hairy T hlafpi to be fmall and oblong, and ^vhich fucceed broad, round, flat or folia- the Stalks to be (ingle and a Foot high, in ceous, fmooth Pods, flit on the upper Side, which it differs from ours. The Leaves at but bulging a little more out in the Middle the Root ly along upon the Ground, have by Reafon of the Seeds contained within, long Footftalks, and an orbicular Poinri which are round with circular Channels, and The reft agree. of an acrid Tafte. The Flowers which 5. Thlafpi capful* cordata, peregrinum. fpread fucceflively on the Tops of the Stalks J. B. 2. 927. and Branches, as in the other Species of this ffarD, tmtl) a tit tljf of a Genus, run into a Sort of a long Spike, Impart. having no Tenons or (lender Leaves join’d " This Thlafpi rifes a Foot high. The Stalk to them, which in this Genus are an Inch which is divided into feveral Branches, is long. The Leaves are foft and fmooth. garniftfd with Leaves like Flox, which are It is to be met with in Corn Fields, but blunt, grey, and oppoAte to one another, rarely in England . Mr. Ray tells us he but in no Order. The Tops of this and of found it at Wormingford in EJJcx, near the the Branches are adorned with fmall purple River Stome ; as *Jfo near S.Ofithe , at Sax - Flowers, which are fucceeded by foliaceous wundbam in Suffolk ; and near Stone in Pods, (haped like a Heart, remarkable for Stafford/hire. their beautiful Greennefs, about the Bignefs 4. Thlafpi capfulis hirfutis. B. 2. 922. of one’s little Finger, feparated into two ^ttln^at^nUtUarD toil!) Ijatrp Parts by a certain Line, and, in one Word, Thlafpi mllofum , capfulis hirfutis . C« B. Pin. (haped exactly like the Pods of the Thlafpi TO 6 . Prodr. 47. Draba folio . This Root is fmall, fomewhat This Species is lower and fmaller than hard, and white. The Plant taftes bitter the common Sort, but otherwife very much with a certain Acrimony. The Seed is fmall, like it. The Root is alfo (ingle, white, oblong, yellowifh, of a fomewhat acrid and fends up a great many Stalks, lower Tafte, but not at all difagreeable. than thofe of the other, and fcarce able to 6 . Thlafpi Allium reddens* Mor, Hi ft, ftand upright, but rather leaning upon the Oxon. Part 2. 297• Ground. The Leaves in this differ, in that (the 0arItCk. Scorodothlafpi V- rhey are both fmaller and deeper notch'd, lyjfis Aldrovandi, ]. B. 2. 932. but the moft evident and perceiveable Dif- It ftands upon a Angle, white Root, fur- ference is in the Flowers, which in this nifh’d with a few Fibres. It is fpread forth Species are three times larger than in that; into Heads, with a numerous Attendance of and in the Seed-veflels, which are both Leaves that have long Foot-ftalks, which longer and rougher, and have a longer Point from a narrow Beginning do by Degrees or Prickle at Top. The Seeds are frnaller acquire an Oval Figure, and are of a round- than in ihe-ccmmon Sort, ifh Shape; the firft of which do fomewhat refemble The Cotnpleat Herbal. 399 referable the Leaves of Dai%y, fome of them gently jagged, fome of them with a few Teeth, and others have hardly any ac all. The Colour is green, with pretty many Nerves deriving their Original from the Rib. But the Leaves which' adhere to the Stalks in an alternate Order, efpecially the upper- raoft ones, do encompafs the Stalks as it were with very fmall Wings. On the Tops of the Stalks ftand little, fmall, white Flow¬ ers, like thofe of Shepherd’s-purfe ; which are fucceeded by oblique, roundifb Bigs, in the Shape of a Heart, not very fiat, re- fembling thofe of Thlafpi cordatum. The whole Plant fmells ftrong of Garlic 4 , even tho* it be not handled. The Root and Leaves have an oleraceous Tafte, which is a* greeable, leaving behind it in the Mouth a lomewhu fa.vory Acrimony, not without the Smell of Alliaria. This bears the Flowers and Pods in July. 7. Thlafpi arvenfe, perfoiiatum, majus. c. £. Pin. 106. %\)t greater JMn if.v tljKSatedutcftarti, inttl)- Cf^oitgl^ai* ^LeaVse^* Rurfa, Paftoria , foliis Perfoliate. J. B. 2. 8* Thlafpi oleraceum . Tabern. I- con. 462. The lower Leaves of this Plant that lie upon the Ground are fmall, and roundifti like thofe of Bafil y but a little rent or torn on the Edges at the Bottoms, where they are fmalleft, and a little dented about the other Part, of a greyifli green Colour, every one upon a fmall Foot-ftalk ; among which rifes up a round Stalk, purplilh at the Bot¬ tom, about a Foot high, fometimes fpotted; on which grow (ingle Leaves one above another at the Joints, at certain Diftances, which encompafs it at the Bottom, after the Manner of Thorough-wax Leaves, where likewife come forth other fmaller Leaves upon (hort Branches, on the Tops of which, and of the Stalk, ftand feveral fmall white Flowers that break forth out of reddilh Husks ; after which appear fmall flat Pou¬ ches, like thofe of Shepherd's-purfe > parted in the Middle, as is common to moft of this Genus, on each Side whereof lies fmall, flat, yellowifti Seed. The Root is lorg, white and ligneous. The whole Plant is mere mild, and has Ids of Acrimony than the others.* 8. Thlafpi perfoiiatum, minus. C. B. Pin • 106. %\)Z fnraUer ^ttfjflhate^mttttarB. Thlafpi tertium , pu- milum. Clut. Hift. 131. This letter Thlafpi has a few Leaves lying along upon the Ground, which are of a greyiIh green Colour both in Form and Colour like the Leaves of Braffua campeflris Codded Thorough-wax, but much fmaller ; fuch of them as grow up higher upon the Stalk, which is fcarce a Foot high, are (mai¬ ler, pointed at the Ends, and broad at the Bottoms, encompafling it like the laft. The Flowers are fmall and white, and the Seed- veffels flat like the Candy Kind, and fome- what (harp-pointed. 9. Thlafpi parvum, faxatile, (lore rubente. c. B.pin. 107. j&rnaU reMotec’u Lithoth/afpi quartum , car- nofo , rotunda folio* Cluf. Hift. I. 279« This is the Thlafpi montanum carnofo , rotunda folio of Parkinfon. This Species delights in the Clefts of Rocks, but is likewife found in more level and even Places. The Root is pretty long, fmootb, vvhitifh, and hard 5 from which rile up three or four Sprigs, looking different Ways, upright, round, .and reddifh ; around which grow thick-fer, flefhv, round, and very fmall Leaves, not exceeding the Fruit in Bignefs, fometimes reddilh at Bottom* about the Root, but the reft of a Colew or t- Colour, and flill turning narrower along the Sprigs, as well as longer and tbicker-fer, quite up to the Flowers. On the Top itand fmall Umbells with Cinders of reddifh green • Berries, round which without are difclofed Flowers in a Circle, as it were crowning the* Navel, and Compreft, of a delightful red Colour, and beatifully ftriped with bloody Lines, having yellow Stamina within 5 after which the middle Flowers expand themfelves by Degrees, and the Sprigs ftretch them¬ felves out fometimes a Foot length. To thefe fucceeds the Fruit, ranged as in the- Thlafpi faxatile rotundifolium , but are fmal¬ ler, having notch’d or dented Edges at Top. The Tafte of the Root and Leaves is bitter ; but the Seed is but very little acrimonious, and is (mall like that of Irion, and yellow- i(h, very copious in double Bags, and differ^ ing from the former Species. It flowers in May, Mr o.MagnoL 400 the Compleat Herbal. Mr. Magnol gathered it with the Flower :ind Seed in the Months of May and June, in the Declivity of the Mountain Capouladm a lat Cambrettes , among the Rocks, not far from Montpelier. to. Thlafpi alpinum, folia rotundiore, carnofa, flore purpurafeente. tmtffaru of tlje toid) a rouniriff), fletyv Leaf, ano a purple iflotoer. 11. Thlafpi minimum, LuAianicum, Co- ehleari* folio. K\)Z fmalleft ^OtfUgltefC ^tti^thate^muftaro, tottlj a s>poontoojt Leaf. 12. Thlafpi alpinum, minimum, foliis crailis & angukis- %l)C fmalleft £ 0 it\)}U bate^ntitffarb of tlje £lpg, tottb tljtck attO narroto lleaheo# Naflureiclum alpinum. capfula Naflurtii vulgaris. ]. B. 2* 91 8. Na- jturtiolum alpinum , capfula Nafturtii horten/is. C. B. Prodr. 45. This Plant is fcarce three Inches higb,with a ligneous Root fending forth a few Fibres. The little Stalks are two or three in Num¬ ber, along the Tops of which grow Husks not unlike thofe of CreJJes , and plac’d in rhe fame Order. The Leaves are fmall, Angle, thick, narrow, and not an Inch long, fo far as I could obferve. The Flowers are very fmall, and, as I think, white. J. Bauhinm• 13. Thlafpi Rofa de Hiericho di&um. Mor. Hift . Oxon . Hart 2. 328. muSatft caUeo tljc L*ofe of Sertcbo. %sf* Hierichuntea vulgo difta. C. B. Pin. 484. ftp fa Hierichontea. Lob. Icon. 203. Perhaps this may be the Myagrum Arabicum of noni. This is a Shrub growing up with ligneous and tbick-fet Suckers immediately from the Roor, about a Palm high and better, thick, of an Alh Colour, divaricated into a nume¬ rous Offspring of Branches, all of them u- niting as it were into a Ball on the upper Part ; along which are kretch’d thin-fet Leaves, an Inch or an Inch and a half long, half an Inch broad, jagged, Afli coloured, and hairy. Little white Flowers grow all along as it were in Branches on the Infide of the Branches ; and each of them is fuc- ceeded by a Seed-veffel, with two Cells, feparated by a little Membrane, containing fo many orbicular, comprek, reddilh, acrid Seeds, with two little Ears kicking out as h were above the Cells, and placed oppo- Ace to one another • and a pretty long Pointal riling from the Partition-wall of the Flower-cup. The Root is pretty thick, ligneous, and Angle. Morifon fays, That at each Joint is plac'd an oblong narrow Leaf, refembling Olive Leaves, out of whofe Bofoms fpring forth Angle Flowers with four Leaves, of an herby white Colour : From whence it ap¬ pears that this is a true and genuine Specks of Thlafpi, and that it is properly reduced to this Genus. There is not the leak Reafon or Pretence in the World for calling this a Bpfe ; fince it has nothing common with a Bpfe. Bello - nim tells us that a certain Impolior, who was a Monk, was the Author of this Name 5 tho’ there is no fuch Plant to be feen about Jericho, but in Arabia deferta in the Sands on the Sea-lhore. However /fya- voolfus found a wild Species of it in Syria on Houfes, and amongft Rubbifli. C. Bau- hinus cells us he had this Plant feveral Years in his Garden, and that it both grew and bore Flowers eaAly. It is plain this cannot be the Amomum of the Antienrs, as many have fancied, be- caufe its Leaves are not white like Vine Leaves, nor has it any Manner of Smell ei¬ ther green or dry. This Plant will fpread out its Leaves at any Time, if you put the Root into warm Water; and not folely at the Time of our Saviour’s Birth, as feveral Impokors have endeavour’d to perfuade the World. 14. Thlafpi Virginianum, foliis Iberidis amplioribus, & ferrate. flffirgtman twtfcmtuttaw, totifj Sciatica Crete Heaves, but larger ana oenteo. iberk humilior , annua, Virginiana , ramofior • Mor. Hik, Oxon. Part 2. 311. 15. Thlafpi monranum, fempervirens. c. b. pin. 106. CDer^green mountain ^itfettrate^mutfaro. Thlafpi femperviren • tis Species Candida . J. B. 2. 930. Thlafpi mon- tanum candidum. Ludg. 1180. The Stalk of this Plant is pretry thick and ligneous, covered from the Root up¬ wards to the Branches, with a brownifh rag¬ ged Bark, fet with feveral long white Leaves at Dikances, fomewhat like thofe of Stock:giBy-flowers, but fmaller, and very (harp and bi;ing to the Take. On the Tops of the The Compleat Herbal. 4 01 the Branches, which are many and (battering, ftand Tufts of white Flowers, after which come fuch like Husks as are in common" Thlafpi, and fuch like Seed in them, very hoc and biting. The Root fpreads it felf into many Sprays, and does not perifh, but abides with the Stem alfo above Ground for many Years. 16.^ Thlafpi Creticum quibufdam, flore rubente & albo. J. B. v. 924. flCfce Canup of fome, haul) a xm oi(l; ano Uil;tte Rioter* Thlafpi umbella - turn Creticum , iberidis folio. C. B. Pin. 106. Ur aba five Arabis ant Thlafpi Candice . Dod. Pempr. 713* This is the Thlafpi iimbedatum, flore purpureo & albo of Parkinfon $ and the Jh J afpi Candice of Gerarde. From a white, (ingle, furculous (u e . full of Shoots or Sprigs) and pretty thick Root for the Size of the Plant, of an acrid and bitter Tafte, fprings up a Stalk a Foot or nine Inches high, taper, firm, branch’d from the very Root with very thick fet Branches, hard, ligneous, fmooth and green. The Leaves are tbick-fet both upon the Stalks and Branches, placed in an alternate or no Order, at all, oblong, narrow, fmooth, like and larger than the Leaves of Sciatica Crefs , cut in on the Edges with a few pretty large Notches or Teeth. The Tops of the Stalks and channell’d Branches fuftain lightly Flow¬ ers, that are ranged as it were in Umbells, and tetrapetalous^ (i. e. confiding of four Leaves,) the two outmoft ones being twice as large as the two inmoft, blowing fuccef- fively, ftanding upon Foooftaiks half an Inch long, generally of a purple, but rarely of a white Colour. To each Flower fuc- ceeds a flat, oblong Pouch, with the Point fplit in two, and an oblong Poinral, that remains after the Flower. There are two reddifh Seeds in each Pouch. This is an annual Plant. The Tafte of the whole Plant is acrid and very bitter. It is cultivated in Gardens for the Sake of the Flower. I have met it near Salerno in the King¬ dom of Naples , and near Viterbo in T ufcany, where it grows wild. {{ay. 17. Thlafpi umbellatum, arvenfe, ama- rum. 7. jb. 2. 925. %\) e bitter, iFtelr?, wmbcHatea Thlafpi umbellatum , arvenfe , Iberidis folio. C. B.Pin? 106. Thlafpi am arum. Taber n. Icon* 462. This Plant rifes above a Palm and a half high, with feveral branch’d, chan¬ nelled, and fomewhat hairy Stalks; on which grow oblong Leaves, refemhiing thofe of Sciatica Crefs , growing broader by Degrees from a narrow Bottom, and dented r >und the Edges, pretty thick, fomewhat hairy, of a very bitter and fomewhat acrid Tafte. The Flowers are ranged as in an Umbel!, tho* they do not blow all at once, being of a whitilh purple Colour, or altogether white, confiding of four Leaves, the two largeft of which are alfo the longeft ; fo that one of tbefe is equal to both the other two. The Pods are fplit and broken, and contain a fmall acrid Seed, like that of common Crefs . The Root is ligneous, white and fibrous. This differs from Candy Mithridate mu - fiard in the Narrownefs of its Leaves ; in the Flowers blowing gradually on the Tops of the Stalks and Branches, and running up into Spikes ; whereas in the Candy Species even the Seed-veffels are ranged in Umbells, after the Flowers are decay’d ; in the Co¬ lour of the Flower, from white to purplifh ; and Jaft of all, in the fmaller Size of all its Parts. It grows among the Corn on the Hill call’d Saleva near Geneva , and about Thuiri\ a V illage near the Mountain Jura ; and is to be feen in many Places among the Corn in Germany. i8* Thlafpi umbellatum, Creticum, flore albo, odoro, minus. C. B. Pin. 106. )£ fmaller Cmxbp, tmthellateti SBitfotme? nuttfartJ, toftfj a utljite ftornTmcHmo; 5 flotoer» Thlafpi parvum , umbellato flcre niveo , odor at 0. J. B. 2. 925* Thlafpi quartum, parvum , odorato flore. Clul.Hift. 132. This is a low Plant, fprirging up from a Seed, and rifes with Angle, round Rods, divided into a great many Branches, all a- long which, and the Sralk, are flretchM narrow Leaves, dented at the End, refem- bling the Leaves of the Candy Mithridate - muftardy and endow’d with an acrid Tafte. On the Top of the Stalk and Branches ftand as it were certain Umbells of fnowy, fweet- fmelling Flowers collected into one Head, which are fucceeded by Pouches like the “ ’ Fff Seech 402 The Compleat Herbal. SeedvefTels of Candy Mithridate muftard i in which is contained the Seed. The Root is not lively, no more than the Candy Kind. Cluj I ip. ThJafpi Luficanicum, umbellatum, gramineo folio, flore purpurafcente. ^0^ tuc.nefe timtollat** ®ttfotlrati^nmftar& > xml) a deal's lleaf, ana a pttrpltfij jTIotoer. 20. Thlafpi Lufitanicum, umbellatum, gra- mineo folio, flore albo. ^OJtttgtlfff ttTTte hdlateu ®tti)jtnate^muuav5, tettl; a C?afp !leaf, anh a tuf;tte iflotoei:. 21. Tblalpi faxarile, vermiculato folio* C b. pin. 107. ifiock ^tdmfcate^muffarl^ toftlj a cljecqttcrti lisaf. Uthothiafpi men - tanu fruticofius , vermiculato acuto folio. Col. Parc 1. 227. This is the Thlafpi mon~ tanum vermiculato acuto folio of Par^infon. Ir mfinuares it felf inro the Clefts of the Rocks with its large, white, ligneous Rooty from which rifes a thi^k, ligneous and rug¬ ged Stalk, which fends forth many (hort Tcndrels a Palm long, with fmalJ, narrow, fleftiy, checquer’d, almoft round and blackifh Leaves, (harp at Top, and hairy about the Edges, growing clofe and quite round them ; buc thinner-fee and fliorter about the Flow¬ ers. The Flowers are colle&ed as it were into large round Umbells, being white and ©f a pleafant red Colour, with the upper Leaves fmali, but the lower ones larger, much after the Falhion of Candy Mithridate- muftard , but are fomewhat fmaller ; with four yellow Stamina within. Now thefe Flowers are fo thick-fet and throng, that the whole Plant feems to be covered with them when it flowers. When the middle Flowers begin to blow, the outermoft and Jowermoft ones leave Fruit all along the Sralk, (landing upon .very (hort Foot-ftalks, (mailer than the Body of the Fruit ; which Fruit is very broad, hollow like a Spoon, and larger than the Fruit of the Tblafpi vul - gare Vaccarijc folio , riling but little, pre¬ senting the convex Side to us, and the hol¬ low one to the Stalk. This Fruit is broad, after the upper Part is fptir, and not round but corner’d* The Leaves have a very acrid Tafte, but the Seed flill more fo, which is broad, flat, yellow, fmaller than the o- ther Species, one in each Cell, fo that there are two in every whole Pod* It flowers in May] and produces ripe Seed in Summer. It is ro be found in the rocky Mountains near Anvers in Valois , where there is no Earth to be feen. 21. Tblafpi parvom, faxatile, flore ru-^ bente, O e* folio. Entail, IftoCk, (IjDtttnt* tiat^muttarh, brirtj a re&mfi; plotter, anb an £DItbe Leaf. 22. Tblafpi orientale, faxatile, flore ru- bente, foli is Poly galas, peralis florum <*equa- Hbus. £Dn'ental, Hock, ©ufofoat^mtte ffart>, tuttfc a rebbifl) JHoter, jnilMmnt luabeg* ana tl;e Heaw of tije jflotoeca alike. 23. Thlafpi orientale, tennifolium, canef- cens, flore aibc tbin^leatois, fctfjtttff) #itljjtaace^muftara, tout) a tuljite plotter. 24. Thlafpi orientale, glabrum, Samoli foiiis. gmtootlj, ojtental $)ttlftt&ate*mu* Sara, trntfr &>amoltts luabps. 25. Thlafpi orienrale, folio Cynocrambes, flore minimo. i©#enta! #ttl)?i&ate*mtD ffara, tout) a Cpnocrambe 3leaf, ana a beep fmall Jflotoer. 26. Thlafpi orienrale, fraticofum, Scam- monii Monfpelienfis folio. (D^tCntal, ff)?ub ^itl;uaate*muffata, tuitlj tl;e ileaf of epontpdter &cammonp. Thlafpi is derived from the Greeks Verb,. 0Act«, which fignifies to fqueeze or prefs j becaufe the Fruit of this Plant is fmooth and flat as if it was prefs’d. The firft Species of this Plant is moft in Ufe in the Shops. The Seed is reckoned to be hot and dry in the 4th Degree, and is a Cleanfer. Its principal Ufe is in breakings ward Abfcefles, in provoking the Terms, and in curing the Sciatica Gout. Being ap¬ plied outwardly, it cleanfes all Sorts of creeping Ulcers, and is iikewife made ufe of for a Snuff, but not commonly. It is looked upon to be pernicious and dangerous for big-bellied Women, becaufe it kills the Child in the Womk This Seed is Jikewife accounted an excel¬ lent Remedy for the Dropfy and for the Blood y-flux, becaufe of its flrong diur retick Vertue* TAB LE The Compleat Herbal. TABLE CII. Fig. 2. GENUS II. Cochlearia, SpOOtttBOJt or g>CUt= tip-gcafS. 403 rernefs, very near, that of Creffes, as is alfa the Smell. It grows wild near the Sea-lhore in many Parts of England, efpecially in Cumberland and Lancafbire , as alio on Rocks, out of the Clefts of Rocks and Holes of Scones. It grows even on the Side* of Mountains a good Way from the Sea, near the Sides of Rivulets and Springs riling out of Hills* vi%. on Penigent , Ingleborougb , Stanemore , QCtttbV^gtafe is a Plant with a Flower Cafileton, &c. But the Leaves of that which D i n t h e Shape of a Crofs A, confiding of grows on Hills are much (mailer, rounder, four Leaves B: Out of whofe Flower-cup and fmootber than fuch as grow near the D rifes the Pointal C, which afterwards turns Sea, and refemble the Leaves of KJdneyvport . to* an aimed globular Fruit E, divided into But when it is tranfplanted to Gardens, it two Cells I, by an intermediate Partition H, changes its Countenance, and grows as large to which the Valves F G, adhere on both as the maritime Sort. Sides and furnifh’d with roundilh Seeds K. 2. Cochlearia major, Batavica, eredla^ folio oblongo. H* L. Bat. larger, ttpjttjlR, HDutcl) ^curbp^grafe, tottl) an otlong af. This differs from the larger common Scurvy-grafs, only in its Stalks riling up ftraight, which are nine Inches, and forne- The Species of this Plant are, I. Cochlearia folio fubrocundo. C- B . Pin. no. ^curbv^opafe tuttl; a rmtnht® 3lcaL Cochlearia. ]. B. 2. 942. Dod. Pempt. 594. This is the Cochlearia rotundifolia of Gerarde ; and the Cochlearia major rotundifolia five Ba - times a Cubit high, and irs Leaves being tavorum of Farlfiri/on. oblong. It grows in the ouzy Marfhes about This Species has a pretty thick, ftraight Catxvick. Root, at which grow feveral long white 3. Cochlearia folio finuato. C. B. Pin. IIC* Fibres with very fine Capillaments at them ; glCUrb^grafei a toabCH Ileaf. Coch - from which do immediately rife up many learia Britannica . Dod. Pempr. 594. This is Leaves with Foot-ftalks, purplifh towards the Cochlearia vulgaris of Parkjnfon • the Bottom, a Palm long, thick, fucculenr, This Scurvy graft has many thick fat gently hollow almoft like a Spoon, of a Leaves, more long than broad, and fome- deep green Colour, deeply furrow’d on the times longer and narrower, fometimes fmooch upper Side, round, otherwife angular: But on the Edges, and at other Times waved ; fuch as are fet on the Stalks, are more jag- (for all thefe Varieties are to be feen) they ged, and longer, without Foot-ftalks, em bracing the Stalks with two Wings. The Stalks from the Root are many, angular, purple when growing in an open Place, o- therwife green, folid, branch’d, feeble, and fcarce able to fuftain themfelves, about nine Inches high and better. The Flowers are many, white, four-leav’d, the-Leaves being narrow and roundifh at Top, not (plit in two, with about fix fmail yellow Stamina in the Middle, and Foot-ftalks half an Inch long (landing out from the Stalk. The are alfo fmooth and pointed, and fometimes a little hollow in the Middle, of a dark green Colour, tho’ fometimes brownifo, each (landing by it Celt on a long Foor-flalk, which is fometimes brownifh and at other Times greenilh ; from among which rife fmail (lender Stalks, bearing a few Leaves like thofe that grow at the Roor, but commonly longer and fmaller. Ac the Top of the Stalks grow many whitifh Flowers, with yellow Threads or Stamina in the Middle, ftandiog round a green Head, which turns plump Seed-veffels confift of two Cells, in* to the Seed veffel, which is fomewhac flit each of which are commonly three or four when ripe, very like fome of the Species fmail, round, reddifli Seeds. The Tafte of of Thlafpi , wherein is contain’d reddifh Seed, the whole Plant is acrid with a Sore of Bit- tailing fomewhac hot. The Root is com- F f f 2 reted 4© 4 The Compleat Herbal. pofed of many white Strings or Fibres, which hick deep in the Mud, where it chiefly de¬ lights to grow ; tho' it grows well alfo in higher and drier Grounds, and taftes a little brackifli or falcifh even there, but nothing fo much as where it is nourilh’d by falc Wa¬ ter. 4. Cochlearia Aremorica. H. R. Par. filgUC ^atrlHVgrafo Hederaceum Tb afpi. Lob. Icon. 615. T 'hi rtf pi hederaceum . J. B. 2. 933. It grows in the Pen in Tula of Portland, at Plymouth, and in other maritime craggy Places in England, being a creeping Plant wich (lender, channeled, purple Stalks, nine Inches cr a Span ! high; with waved, Ivy , and fleihy Leaves. The Flowers are fmall and white, and the Seed fmall, in Shape and Tafte like that of T hlafpi. Lobe!. Neither I nor sny other Englifh Man that I know of, ever found this Plant in any of the Places mentioned by Lobel, or any where elfe in England, which is very ftrange; unjefs it be our fmall round-leav’d Scurvy- graft, whofe Leavts on the Stales are an¬ gular, and refemble Ivy Leaves. Ray* 5. Cochlearia Danica, procumbens. Morif\ Wfi. oxon. Pan 2. 309. Leaning SDanitf; fS)Ctttft'P^grar 0 . Cochlearia Danica , repens . C*B- Pin. no. Prodr. 53. Sim. Paul. Qua- drip. Bor. 2.70. This Scurvy-graft has Root and Leaves like thofe of the Cochlearia minor ere ft a, but much more numerous ; among which rife little Stalks half an Inch high, adorned with (mail white Flowers. It grows in the fame Places with the other, creeping upon the Ground like Rupture-wort, and perfectly re- femblinjfit, in Leaves, Flowers, Seed-bags, and Tafte. If this really creeps upon the Ground with its Stalks, ic is certainly a diftin# Spe¬ cies from the following Species, but if it only lies upon the Ground like Rupture wort, per¬ haps it may be the fame with it, or with our fmall round-leav’d Scw vy graft. 6 - Cochlearia minor, ere&a, Danica. Sim. Paul. Quadrip. Bot. 270. gmtall, ttp?igl)t, jDatUill ^CUtty^gtaCsL Cochlearia minor , trefta. C- B. Pin. IIO. Prodr. 53. From a capillaceous Root rifes a fmall, Smooth Sulk, not a Palm high* It has a few fmall Leaves at the Root, having ob¬ long capillaceous Foot-ftalks; and thole that encorrpafs the Stalk alternately are fmaller by Degrees, having very fruall Foot-ftalks, and are waved like the Cochlearia Britannica. On the Top of rhe Stalk (land fmall white Flowers, having little oblong Husks con¬ taining very fmall Seed. It grows bv the Sea lhore in the Ifle of Anglifey. 7. Cochlearia alfflima, Glafti folio. tailed *2>cttmvgrafe, toil!) a Wean Leaf. Lepidium glaftifclium. C* B. Pin. 97. Lepi- dium annuum . Lob. Icon. J21. Lepidium non repen-. J. B. 2. 941. Annual JMttan&et;, 02 Pkpyrrtotnt. 1 he Root is fibrous 5 Bom which rifes Leaves that are at firft a Palm or a Palm and a half long,, narrow at Bottom, having a Foot ftafk two or three Inches long, gradually enlarging themfelves to the Breadth of three Inches, and again gradually ending in- a blunt Poinr, having no Notches about the Edges, and of a burning Take like Pepperwort. Ic produces a Stalk two Cu¬ bits high, and fometimes higher, which is fpfit above into many little Branches, loadea with a great many little white Flowers, much larger than thofe of the common D/ 7 - tandcr. To thefe fucceed round, (mooth Husks divided into two, feparated when ripe by a pellucid and white Membrane, containing many reddilh Seeds, wirh the- biting Tafte of Thlafpi Seed. The lower Leaves are grey, refembling the Leaver of iVtad both in Colour and Smcothnefs ; the upper ones, which adhere to the Stalks al¬ ternately, or in no regular Order, are very narrow and tbir- Tho* Lchel and others make this an annual Plant, yet the Root fometimes bears the Winter, and endures feveral Years, even after it has bore perfect Seed. I obferved it^grow in great Plenty in the Fields about Ratisbonne in Germany . But the Plant which I gathered there had very numerous and very fmall Seed-veffels, con¬ taining but one Seed each, which was red- difti : And therefore it muft needs have been a different Species from this. Ray. 8. Gocblearia folio cubitali. &ClirbP^ a Leaf Ijalf a long, Raphanm The Compleat Herbal . 405 tfapbaniis rtifticahus. C. B. Pin. 96. f{apha- nus fylveftris five Armorica mult it- J. B* 2 . 85 1 • fyipbanus rufticanus, cmffa raaiee, Lapatbi folio. Lob. Icon. 320. The Root is thick, lurculous, creeping, with a moft burning fiery Tafle* The Stalks are (ingle, a Yard high, hollow, channelled, upright and ftiff. The Leaves, before it prod trees a Stalk, are krge and rugged, re- lembling thole of Bur-dock ; but when it has fiior up a Stalk, then the Leaves upon it are a Palm long, an Inch broad or iomewhat better, deeply notched round the Edges, of a lefs burning Tafle than the Root ; out of whofe Wings (lender Shoots ipringing forth fuftain Flowers with yellow Chives, refem- blirg thofe of Heater creft^ both in tbeir Form and Arangeinent. To thele fucceecL fmall Husks, that are Ihorc in Proportion to rhe Bignels of the Planr. It loves a moift Soil* Mr. l{ay obferved it growing in great Plenty iq Ditches and by Rivulets at Alr,xvicl{ and elfewbere in Northumberland. Dr. Lifter obferved it up¬ on the Banks of Slfipton and elfe where in Bo Handy in that Part of TorJ^/hire which is called Craven. 9. Cocblearia orienralis, flore minimo. Rental Undj a brep fmall i^IO^Cr. An Bpfa Hiericbontheea Jyl - vcfir is- C. B. Pin. 484. This Plant is called Cocblearia by the Mo¬ derns from the hollow Form of its Leaves ; but fome call it Telephium, and others will have it to be the Britannica Plinii. lib. 25. c* 3. (tho’ it has an Affinity to Tblafpi arid Nafiurtium both in Shape and Tafle) be- caufe Pliny fays that it cufes that Difeafe which is called Stomachace and Scelotyrbty, and which they will needs have to be the Scurvy. But Cocblearia does not anfwer to the Defcriptions which the Ancients gave of Britannica ; and therefore it is more likely that the Hydrolapathum magnum is the true Britannica of Pliny and others ; as Abraham Aiuntingius has endeavoured to make out by many Arguments, in his Book de Britannica antiquorum vera- This Herb is hot and biting, abounding with volatile Salt ; and is therefore diapho- retick, fplenetick, and aperitive, and ren¬ ders fixed, thick, and tough Humous fpiri- tuous and volatile. It cures thofe Difeafes which owe their Rife to a too great Abund¬ ance of fixed Salt, but efpecially the Scurvy, of which it is a peculiar, proper or fpecifick Remedy, from whence it took its Name both in the German and the Engtijh Lan¬ guage. Some ufe to take it boiled in Milk or Wine : But becauie the Parts in which confift the chief Venue and Ufe of thL> Plant, are very volatile, and quickly vanilh by boifng ; the Juice of the Herb fqueezed our, or an Infufion of ir, is much more effi¬ cacious than any Decocftion. This Plant is particularly efFedlual in hy¬ pochondriacal and tartarous Difeafes of the fir ft, Region, and notably refills Putrefa- dlion. if the green Heib be infufed in Ale or Beer, and put into a Bottle well corked, ir will communicate to ic all its antifcorbuuck Vertue, or volatile Spirit in. three cr four Days Time.; Mr. Ray, from his own Ex¬ perience, recommends this Ale to fuch as are troubled with the Scurvy, to be drunk for their ordinary Drink. He fays that it is not fo good if the Scurvy-grafs has been long infufed in ir,. for thereby the earthy and fixed Parts are forced from the Herb, and communicated to the Ale, and the volatile Parcs either fly away, or being jumbled with the more fixed Parts, lofe a great deal of their Vertue. The Scurvy is aJmoft epidemical to thofe People who live in brackifn and maritime Places, efpecially to the Northern People,, and to thofe who live much upon Salf-fifh. And therefore whatever abounds with vola¬ tile Saif, luch as CreJJes, Scurvy graft, fydifh, and Broolfiimc, are particularly appropriated to the Cure of this Difeafe. Solenander writes that fucb Species of Plants are created by God Almighty in every Country, as are moft agreeable to the Men and Bealts living in that Country ; nay, that by the Abundance of Plants that grow any where, he can guefs what epidemical Diftem- pers every Country is liable to. Thus Scur - vy-grafs grows in great Abundance in Den¬ mark,, Friesland, and Holland, where the. Scurvy is moft frequent and common. Such as loath *he Juice of Scurvy-grafs , may ufe the Tin&ure or liquid EfTence of ir, which is ufed every where in Germany . Take of green Scurvy-grafs as much as you. pieafs* /^o6 the Compleat Herbal * pleafe, beat it in a marble Mortar ; and af- AJom and. Honey is a noble Experiment ufed ter you have put it into a convenient Veflel for a Gargle. Hulfe . drop fome Water upon it that is fcarce luke- Of this Herb are prepared a Conserve,’ warm, or, which is better, its own raw a Water and a Spirit; and the Juice is of Juice, in which you have difloved fome Fer- more Efficacy than either the S)rup or the ment or Yeft of Ale. Sprinkle a little Salt Extrad: ; in the Preparation of which the over ir. When they are all well mixed to* Spirit and the volatile Sair, in which rhe gether, they muft be put into a Veflel well Force and Vertue of an Antifcorbutick con- ftopt, and put in a Place under Ground, fo fifts, fly away. For which Reafon Scurvy Jong till they fend forth a quicker Smell graft will not bear either Boiling, Fermen- rhan the green Herb when it is bruifed : ration, or Drying, becaufe of the volatile Which done, you muft diftill them through Salt, that flies away in thofe Operations, an Alembick in Af. B . and thus you will get And the Spirit is better diftilled from it the Spiric of Scurvy-graft. After this take without Fermentation, in the following Man- the green Leaves of Scurfy-graft, bruife ner. them, and prefs them in a ftrong Prefs, de- Take of Scurvy-graft what Quantity you fecate it wiih a little Water in M.B. in a pleafe, with the frefh Leaves, noc bruifed or Veflel or Glafs well luted, and filtrate it cut, but whole, pour upon them common through brown Paper. To three Parts of Spirit of Wine, even tho* it be very little this Juice thus purified, add one Part of re&ified, and diftil it per veficam : pour this the Spirit of Scurvy-graft juft now deferibed. upon frefh Scurvy-graft , and then repeat the Digeft and circulate it, /. a. to which if Diftillacion with frefh Scurvy-graft , then re- you add a little Sugar, you have prepared difie it per Balneum Maria ; and thus you the Effence of Scurvy graft, which I have will have a very ftrong Spir it of Scurvy- found to be the molt excellent and molt graft, which you may put by either by it efficacious Remedy for the Scurvy, when (elf for Ufe ; or you may thereof make an one or two Ounces of it are diluted in pro- Eflence, by adding a fufficient Quantity of per diftilled Waters, nay, in Rhenifh Wine the frefh Juice of Scurvy-graft , and a little or fuch like Vehicles, efpecially if fome few Sugar-candy : Or you may make of it the Drops, to the Quantity of a Scruple for a Eleofaccbarum Cocblearia of the diftilled Oil Dofe, of the forefaid Ample Mixture or of Scurvy-graft and Sugar. The Jnfufion of Diaphoretick be mixed with it, when the the Whey of Goat’s Milk in which Scurvy Diftemper is come to a great Heighth. And graft Leaves have been cut, is indeed a of this and the Elfence of Trifolium fibrinum , common Medicine, but an excellent one in mixed together in equal Parts, confifts the a Scurvy arifing from fait Humours, and in liquid Eflence. Sim. Paul. Tumours arifing from aduft Humours, in The juice of Scurvy-graft with the bruifed which we apprehend an Afflux^ of atrabila. Herb laid on and tied to the Face, takes rious Matter. For it cuts and attenuates away Spors in fix Hours Time ; but it muft that thick Blood, and thus renders it capable be wafhed afterwards with the Decodion of of being expelled. From this are likewife Brann. D . Palmer . prepared antifcorbutick Waters, and a Water In the Epilepfy it is proper to cherifh the againft the Rottennefs of the Teeth, the diftorted Parts with, efpecially with fpiritous Compofition of which being too long to be Spices, but chiefly with the Spirit of Scurvy deferibed in this Place, we muft refer the proft ; by which I can boaft that I have Readers to Difpenfarories for Suisfadion. often put the Enemy to Flighr. D. Soame . - The 8th Species has much the fame Ver- In the fcorbutick Swelling of the Gums tues and Qualities with the Garden B^adifh, the Juice of Scurvy grafts mixed with burnt but (tronger. It warms, dries, cuts and Alom is an excellent Remedy. Nor is Prickr attenuates : It cuts tartarous Mucilage and madam or Stonccrop a whit behind this or. tough Humours, caufes Vomiting if the any other in thole fcorbutick Diftempers of Juice or Infulion of it be taken warm with the Gums; for the Decodion of it with Vinegar and Honey and Water drunk upon “ > The Contpleat Herbal. 407 it; and i$ a Specifick for the Scurvy. It expelis the Scone, and provokes the Courfes. It is good in tertian or quartan Agues, ap¬ plied externally, the Juice of it with the Oil of Pepper being anpinted on the Back, or applied to the Pulfe with Salt, or laid to the Navel, till fuch time as it caufes an Itching. It is ufed in Sauces for feafoning of Meat, but it hurts the Head. Tt forcibly expelis the Stone as well as provokes Urine. The common People of Limofin eat the Roots of this Plant preferved in Oil, either fried, boiled or otherwife prepared, having firft macerated them in Water to take away the Acrimony. T homos Bartholine praifes and extols the Vercues of Horfe-radifo in the Stone from Experience. He affirms, that the Juice of Horfe-radifh diflolved a calculous or flony Subftance, that was taken out of a human Body. There is made an excellent ancifcorburick Mixture of this and other antifcorbutick IngredientFr in t-he following Manner : Take of Horfe-radifh cw into Slices two Ounces, of Garden Scurvy-graft two Handfalls, of Water+crefs one Handful,• of Scurvygrafs and Garden Crefs of each one Ounce, of the Deco&ion of Barley one Pound, of Rhenilh Wine fix Ounces; thefe being cut and brui- fed, let them ftand twelve Hours in a warm Place, (hut up in a VefTel well ftopt ; when you have drained it add of the Spirit of Nor¬ wegian Mulberries four Ounces, of the frefh Eleofaccbarum of Citrons as much as is ne- ceffary : Then mix them. The Dofe is four Ounces Morning and Evening : To which you may add fome Drops of the Tindure of Bespoar. TABLE CII. Fig. j. ' GENUS III. Tfalafpidiam, am 8)0(tf)?ttiate* mufiarn. 'T'feMpt&tttttt is a Plant with a Flower A in Shape of a Crofs A, confiding of four Leaves B : Out of whofe Flower-cup C, rifes the Poimal D, which afterwards turns to a double, fmooth Fruit EP, com- pofed of two Parrs G H, that are feparated by an intermediate Partition or Midriff I, each of which K, fwells with a Seed L* which is generally flat and oblong M. The -Species of this Plant are, I. ThJafpidium Monfpelienfe, Hieracii folio hirfurc. (pontpdter SCIjIafpfoutm, tuttl; a ijatrp 3 Uaf. Thiafpi bifcutamm , afperuin , Hieracifolium & majut * C. B. Pir. roy- Lunaria bifcutata . J* B. 2. 9 3 <5. "Thiafpi pa*vum, Hieracifolium , five Lu¬ nar ia luted, Mvnfpelienfium, & Lucoium lu - teurn , marinum, & Bi/cutella . Lob. Icon. 214. This is the Thiafpi ciyped'um, Hieracifolium majut of Parkjnfon. ' This Tblafpidium has feveral flender Stalks a Foot or nine Inches high rifing from the fame Root, which are furnilh’d with one or two Leaves at the Roots of the Branches ; for the greated Part of them rife immediately from the Root, fpreading upon the Ground, a Palm long or fomewhat lefs, a little above half-an Inch broad, pretty thick, dy’d with a deep Green, wav’d ac the Sides, rugged, and rough with fhorr Hair on both Sides. On the Tops of the Stalks and Branches dand final! yellowiih Flowers in Heaps, adhering to very fmall Foot-dalks; and thefe are fucceeded by very beautiful foliaceous, double Husks in the Shape of a Buckler, adhering to a Tenon that dicks out beyond the little Shield, in each of which is contain’d one Angle Seed,, pretty broad, orbicular, (far, and reddifh, of the Tade and Figure of purple and white Leucoium rather than of Crefs . The Root (hoots down deep into the Earth, being mo¬ derately big, continuing for feveta! Years, and retaining the Leaves the whole Winter. I have obferv’d it in many Parts of Germa¬ ny , Italy, Sicily and France, flowering in May r lfune x and the other Summer Months, [{ay. 1 . Tblafpidium hirfutum, calyce floris au¬ ricula to. i^atrp CJjIafpiaittm., tnitlj an ffltrfculatjft Leucoium monr tanum , flore pedato. Col. Part 2. 6i. 3. Tblafpidium annuum, flore pallid^ luteo* Annual lOjMpftuum, tutclj a pair reHota Thiafpi bifcutatum, fljre fulpburec* Horr. Oxon. Thiafpi bifcu , 4tum > annuum, af- perum. H. R, Par, This, The Compkat Herbal. This Species has hairy and whicifli Flow- obfcure Colour, fquare towards the Foot* er s, not of a deep green Colour, as in the ftalk, divided in two, containing flat broad common T blafpi bifcutatum. The Flowers Seeds, of a Qnamon Colour, and bitten are likewife dy*d with the Colour of Sul- biting and poignant to the Tafte, like Mu- phur, and not yellow as in the other. Be- flard. tides, the Root is annual, and not lively as It flowers the whole Summer, but more in that. Whether this be not the Leu- plentifully in the Spring, while the cold cciwii Alyjjgidss umbsllatum montanum of Weather continues. It grows wild in Perfia . Column a ? 6. Thlafpidium fruticofum. Leucoii folio 4. Thlafpidium Raphani folio. variegato,. (emperflorens. 2 Cif)lafpt^ 'toivu SUblafptbutm. Thlafpi bifcutatum , mum, Mtl) a P^rtc^ateb lUucotumJleaf, ‘f{ tp!sne having broad Leaves cut, and roundly dent¬ ed and curl’d about the Edges, every one by it felf on a long Foot-ftalk : The other conflfting of many fmaller Leaves, placed over againft one another, upon a middle Rib, each Part whereof is in the fame Man¬ ner cut in, and curl’d as the other. The Flowers are of the fame Colour with the common Garden Kind, and fo is the reddifli Seed alfo ; and the Plan: periflies every Year, after the Seed is ripe, like the other. 3. Nafturtium hortenfe, crifpius, angufti- folium. Mor . Hift. Oxon, Part 2* 301. curLn, narrot^Ieab’lJ 0amen Crete/ 4. Nafturtium hortenfe latifolium. C B . pin. 103. HBjoa^Iealfo 0 'amtx Crete. Nafturtium iatifohum , Diofcoridtum* J. B* 2. 9n- 5. Nafturtium fylveftre DalecbampiL Lugd. 655. tmte Crefe of SDafc cljantpttft. Thlafpi umhellatum Nafturtii fo¬ lio , Morfpeliacum . C. B. Pin. 106. ; 'Thlafpi umbcllaturn , tenuitcr divifo folio , amarum„ Narbonenfe. J. B. 2. 925. This Species is very much like the Thlafpi umbcUa'umy arvenfe } amarum; having pretty thick Leaves, with fmall Jaggs ; alrnofb the fame Flowers, bur fmaller; being half a Span high, with feveral firm SraJks di¬ vided into fmall Braschcs. The Root Angle, prettv thick, and parred into Fibres. Thus far J. Bauhinus , who deferibes at length a Plant which grew up froai a Seed which G g g was 4io The Compfeat Herb at was fent him from Montpelier , under the Name of 'Iblafpi umbellatum , in thefe Wordss It was fovvn Jaft Year, and held out the whole Winter ; and the following Year, a- bout the Beginning of April , it firft began to (hcoc up frofii one Root a great many little channelfd Stalks, with a long Series or Train of Leaves up to the very Top of the Stalk. The lower Leaves are fupported by a Fooi-ftalk an Inch long, ending above in four pretty thick and broad Portions, which are furrow’d in the Middle. The middle and topmoft Leaves hand upon Foot-ftalks about two or three Inches long, and differ in the unequal Number of their Notches in Proportion to the Length or Snortnefs of the Fooc-ftalk ; fo that the. longer Foot- ftalks confift of Four or five Portions placed over again!! one another at unequal Diftan- ces ; bur the fhorter ones confiit fometimes of two Portions, (but rarely,) fometimes of three, after the Manner of T refill, lometimes of four, and fometimes of five,, (but feldom,) and are of an unequal Length. It began to flower about the End of Max* In all other Refpecfis it agreed with Crefs, . 6 . Nafiurrium fylveftre, tenuicer incifum, minori frud-u. CrtTs Cttt tUtO fhtsfl imtl) a fmall jFrtitt. tier* Nuftmtii folio . C. B. Pin. 97,. Iberis. Mat.h. 293. Inis Plant rifes up with a round Stalk about two Foot high, fpread into feveral Blanches, whofe lower Leaves are fomewbat larger than the upper ; yet all of them cut or torn at the Edges, fomewbat like Garden Qxfs , but fmaller. The Flowers are fmall and white, growing on the Tops of the Branches, where afterwards grow Husks like thofe of Crefs , with fmaller brownifh Seed in them, ftronger 2hd more biting to xhe Tafte than Crefs, The Root is long, white and woody. 7. Naftimium fylveftre, tenuiflim'b inci¬ fum. Wdu Crefs Uutlj Deep fmall 'T aLTiXS. Tbla/pi iberidis folio , tenuiffime di - •vif, Mor. H. R. Blef. 8 . Nafturtium orientale, foliis inferioribus Millefolium, fupericribus Perfoliatam refe- remibus. Rental Crefs;, Uijbfe loUer EleaVies refemhle £$tifotl, arm die upper tmes ^OUUtdl^Uar. T blaftpi vero di OS- tfcaride , prime, Zan. 193* Nature fports it felf wonderfully in the Production of the lower Leaves of this Planr, that come forth near the Surface of the Earth, as alfo in that of the upper ones that adhere to the Joints of the Stalk and Branches : For it thrufts forth its firft Leaves very clofe to one another, refting upon long Ribs, whofe Lobes adhere alternately to (ingle Ribs, and which are divided into fmall Jaggs like the Leaves of the Hypecoum , from the Root up one third Part of the Stalk- Then certain Leaves with a broader Bottom encompafs the Stalk, and are divided into feveral Jaggs ; but the upper Leaves are whole and entire, pointed, and encompafs the Stalks and Branches at every Joint after the Manner of Thorougb wax , which is not obfetved in any other Species of Thlafpi On the Tops of the. Stalks and Branches ftand fmall white Flowers, to each of which fucceeds a fingle Husk or Pod, that is round, and divided in two. Thefe Seed-veftels or Bags grow along the Tops of the Branches Spike-faflfion, leaving behind them (after the Seed is ripe and the little Valves are fall’n) pellucid, dry, middle Partitions ad¬ hering to the Fooc-ftalks, as in the other Species- This Planr grows not on If in Pcrfia, but likewife in Syria, 9. Nafturtium fylveftre, capfulis criftatis- Mtlu Crete, tos'tfj creffeo o: tuftco tKlfel*. Ambrofia campeflris , repens, C. JE>. Pin. 138. Coronopus %uellii, five Nafturtium venucofum, J. B. 2. 919* Cornu Cervi al- terttm , repens, Dod. Pempt. 110. Crefles. The Stalks of this Plant lye along upon v the Ground, and never rife up, and are a- bout a Span long, branch’d and ftiff • a - long which are ftretch’d jagged Leaves, cut like the Leaves of Crejfes , and having much- the fame both Tafte and Smell. The Flow¬ ers grow along the Stalks, and are fmall and white. The Seed-bags are rugged, un¬ even, refembling little Burrs, and juft like little Hedg-bogs full of Prickles, in each of which is contain’d one black Grain, about the Bignefs of a Grape Stone. The Root is longifh, and pretty thick. It grows in watery Places, and by the High-ways, both in England and in foreign Countries. ic* Nafturtium, The Compleat Herhat. 411 10. Nafturtium Alpinum, tenuiflime di- vifum. c. B. pin- 105, Crete Of ti)t &lp$, intp berp fmall 3agp* N*/?«r- tiolum Alpinum , tenuijfime divifum . ]• B. 2* pi8. Cardamine Alpina , minima. Ciuf. Hift. 128* This is the Cardamine Al - pina minima of Parlfinfon . Sometimes this Plant grows three Inches and fometimes nine Inches high, tho’ Clufius fays but one Inch. It has very fmall Leaves adhering to a Rib in Threes, Fives, and Sevens, [C/«/j«f fays they are green, of an acrid and burning Tafte;] fo that the whole Wing is not above half an Inch long fometimes, at other Times above two Inches long, with the burning Tafte of Crejfes . It has a great many little Stalks, ar.d fome* tiroes but one ; on the Top of which many whice Flowers ftand in Heaps, large in Pro¬ portion to the Plant, and enclofed within 'four Leaves like the fmalleft Shepherd' s-purfe. The Root is white, thickilh, long, and fur- niflfd with long Fibres. Clufiw found it in Flower in the Month of Augujl, among the Rocks on the very Top of the Hill Sneherg : And Camerarius fays it is to be found on the Mountains of Tirol and Saltsfburg. In the Plant which Mr. Ryty obferv’d on Mount fura, there fucceeded to the Flowers oblong, flat, pointed Husks, like thofe of the common Paronychia , but (mailer. Perhaps they may fwell and grow thicker when they are ripe. 11. Nafturtium pumiJum, vernum. C. B. Pin. 105. Edit. 1. .mental trtxtarf Crete. Cardamine pufilla , faxatilfty montana , Dif- coid’s. Col. Parc I. 273. From a fingle, whire, ligneous Pvoot, fur- niflfd with pretty big Fibres, there rifes . fometimes one Stalk, and fometimes more, branch’d from the very Bottom, fometimes a Palm high, but generally only two or three Inches, round, cloathed with Leaves placed alternately at the Rife of the Branches Both the Leaves which rife at the Root, and thofe which ftand upon the Sralk, are compoled of feven, eight or more Conjun¬ ctions of Finns, adhering to the middle Rib, with an odd Leaf at the End. Thefe little Finns are of the Shape of a Bfomboides, and placed at a good Diftance from each other. The Flowers which grow upon the Tops of the Stalk and Brandies, are ranged in the fame Order as in the reft of this Genus, being very fmall, white, confiding of four Leaves, with little narrow. Stamina in the middle. The Seed-veflels are like thofe of the fmaller Thlafpi , flat, gibbous or convex without, and hollow within, containing a fmall, reddifii Seed. It flowers in ,the Beginning of May, and when the Seed is ripe, (as much as can be guefs’d from the Habit and Make Of the Plant) it dries and withers. Mr. Ray ob¬ ferv’d it upon a Hill call’d Salva. Columna found it on fhady Mountains, and in moilt earthy Pisces. 12. Nafturtium petraeum, foliis Burfae Pa- ftorif. C. B. Pin. 104. & 0 tk Crete, t! 3 t£!) ^epljerh^purfe Heabes. Burfa pajiort, minor, foliis incifis. Ejufd. 10 8 . Bur fa pa - ftoris , parva, folio glabro , fpifjo. J. B. 2 . 937. Niflurtinm petraum- Taberr. Icon. 451. Pa ^ ft or i a Burfa minor. Dod. Pemp r . 103. This Plant has a white, ligneous, fingle Root, furnifh’d wrh a few pretty large Fibres, with a faint T;fte of Crefs. The Leaves that fir ft break forth are fingle, round and (mall, the reft are a little jagged like the Leaves of Shepherd's-purfe, thick, fmoorh, fcarce the fourth Parr of an Inch long, and thick-fet from the Root. Ic produces fe- veral Stalks half a Foot or nine Inches high, fometimes naked, at other Times cloath’d with fmall Leaves rang’d in no Manner of Order, and not branch’d. A great many little Flowers on the Tops of the Sralks, which are terrapetalou?, i. e . confiding of four Leaves, blow fucceftively. To which fucceed fmaller and rounder Husks than in the common Shepherd’s purfe , con¬ taining generally two Pair of Seeds. It grows in this Country commonly in a Tandy, end fometimes in a ftony Ground. 13. Nafturtium pumfum. fupinum, ver¬ num. Bor. Monfp. JDtuarf, leaning, tmv nal Crete. This differs from the nth Species chiefly in its little Branches lying along upon the Ground, in the unequal Divilions of its Leaves, and in its laft and odd Leaf being larger. The Flowers and Husks are the fame. 14. Nafturtium minimum, vernum, foliis tancum circa radicem. Bot, Monfp. %Z\)£ G g g 2 “ fmalleft 412 The Compleat Herbal. fmallett Vernal Crete, Ileabeg mtlp abOUt tl;e Hoot* Najlurtium minimum , Monfpelienfe , c^w/e aphyllo, Tblafpi minus mon- fpelienfium. C. B. Pin. io 8 « In this Species the Leaves grow in a Cir¬ cle only about the Root, being gently cue, and feme of them whole and entire. It pro¬ duces one Stalk, and fometimes two, two Inches high ; on the Top of which ftand Lrtle white Flowers, to which fucceed little Husks as in t'r.tTbiafpi or Mithridate-muftaid, which are pretty big for the Size of the Plant. It flowers in the Beginning of Spring in the Entry into Grammont Grove . This Plant is call’d ka^auov Cardamon by Diofcorides • L\b. 2 . c. 185* Fheoph. 17. Hid. r. either becaufe Keep* c/W£, it keeps the Head in Order, *• e. by its Acrimony purges and cleanfes it ; for Pliny tells us rbat the blacked Sort of Crefs purges away noxious Humours from- the Head : Or that Name was given it from xctpFiA, quod cordites facie, becaufe it cherifiies and com¬ forts the Heart : For the Greeks faid, that they who eat Crejfes received new Vigour and Spirits, and that they had their Under- Handings cleared up. And hence came the Proverb upon the Lazy and Slothful, Bat Crtjf s, Pliny alluded to this when he faid > That the very Word Cardamon implied in it "Vigour and Life, and because proverbial, as if it awakened one from a lifllefs and lan¬ guid Condition. Bur it was called Nafiur - tiiim, quafi Nafitortium 7 quod nafym torque at, becaule it teazes and torments the Nofe, the Smell and Acrimony of the Seed being pro¬ per to provoke Sneezing* Tho* all the Species here deferibed have very near the fame Vertues and Qualities, yet the fird Species is moftly in Ufe. Both the Herb and the Seed are acrid, hot and dry, but efpecially the latter ; for which Reafon it attenuates, opens and cleanfes. Its chief Ufe is in the Swelling of the Spleen, in the Gbftru&ion of the Terms, and for expelling of the dead Foetus. Ic cuts the tartarous Mucilage or tough Matter in the Lungs, and is very good in the Scurvy. The Seed is very effectual for bringing out the Meafles : It is ufed externally for purging the Head from Phlegm, to provoke Sneezing, and ripen hard Swellings. JBrpifed and fry d with HogVIard it cures foul Scurfs and Scabs on the Head or any other Part of the Body. It is ufed every where for feafoning of Meat and for Sauce. It likewife comes to Table in Sallads in the Spring with other Herbs, with Oil, Vinegar, and Salt. It qualifies the Coldnefs of Lettuce , comforts the Sto¬ mach by its Heat, and promotes Coneo- dion. The Dutch frequently eat it in May with Bread and Butter. It does good Service in that terrible Diftemper which they call the Scurvy : Nor is its Vertue and Power lefs in curing of this Difeafe than that of Spoon- vport and Water-Crejfes. There is nothing betrer in comatofe or lethargick Fits than this Crefs t either boil’d, or eaten in Sallads, according to the Obfer- vation and Experience of Foreftus . Obferr. Med. lib. 10. Obf. 39. Simon Paulus obferves from Pareus , that there is no Remedy whatfoever fo fpeedy and effedual for the filthy Scab and Scurf upon. Childrens Heads, as Garden-Crefs bruis’d and fry’d with Hog’s-iard ; for it operates fo effectually that it makes the Scurfs fall off in 24. Hours, and if the Ufe of it be continu’d longer ic works 2 perfed Cure, as that Author learnt by Experience. TABLE CIV. Fig. i. GENUS V. Lepidiura, iDittaniier, or petfood ’ >. I j \ l J V c T^SIttanUCi: is a Plant with a Flower in the Form of a Crofs A, confiding of four Leaves B: Out of whofe Flower-cup C, rifes the Pointal D, which afterwards turns to a Fruit in the Shape of a Lance, divided into two Cells by an intermediate Partition I, to which adhere Valves G H, on both Sides, and commonly furnifhed with oblong Seeds K. The Species of this Plant are, I. Lepidium larifolium. C. B. Pin. 97. jSDUtan&ert Lepidium pauii . 3. £. 2 Ta6.a &4 . Lepidium. &tttarzd&r, or^epieTTisvrts. Sfy-J- B c D E "s t' f v 4 * H j 1 a B urfa Paftoris. ^/i^/?Asra£s-/?Mst£S . ^ c ap A S * 6 T &V- 3 - Prize ago. a B E Hi/ 9 G ^ 9 ' 4 ' Potamogeton/:^^^z^^ C, B D E The CoMbleat Herbal. 413 1. B. 2. 940* Lepidium Plinii * Dod Pempt. 716. This is the Lepidium vulgare five Pi- teritis of farkinfon. _ _ The Root is above the Thicknefs of ones Finger, white, of a biting and warm Tafte that foon vani(hes, and creeps under Ground. It fends up feveral Stalks, two Cubits high, taper, fmooth, full of Pith, branched, (mai¬ ler than one’s little Finger, covered with a certain grey Meal or Duft s which may be eafily wiped off. The Leaves are long and bread, ending in a Point, like Citron or Lemon Leaves, but very often larger, fmooth, fat, of a dark green Colour, growing on the Stalks alternately, and jagged round the Edges. Thofe that grow* immediately from the Root, and on the Bottom of the Stalk, are fuftained by long Foot ftaiks. The Flowers, which are very Small in Propor¬ tion to the Planr, confift of four Leaves, are whire, grow clofe together and in great Numbers, refting upon very (lender Foot- ftalks on the Tops of the Stalks and Branch¬ es. They are fucceeded by very fmall flat Seed-veffels, with a (harp Point, containing the Seeds. Its creeping is very troublefome to the Gardeners. It rarely brings its Seed to Ma¬ turity. It grows on the Brinks of Rivers, but is rarely to be met with in this Coun¬ try ; vj\. near the Bridge of Hitbe at Col- chefier , at Cambledovon , near Beybridge , where it grows in great Plenty, and elfewere. 2. Lepidium, humile, incanum, arvenfe. JlDtO, jDlttanttfr. hr Aba timbellata , vel Draba major , cap it ultt don at a. C. B. Pin. icp. Dr aba mult is, fore albo. J. B. 2. 939. Arabis five Dr aba if Najlurtium JBabylonicum, Lob. Icon. 224. This Plant fcarce rifes above a Cubit high, with a fmall, round, channelled, Arm Stalk, riling from a ligneous, whitifh, fmall Root, fpreading far and wide, with fome Fibres at it. The Leaves alternately embrace the Stalk with their Bottom, being oblong, an Inch and an Inch and a half broad, waved, and of an Afli-green Colour. The Tops of the Stalks are fpread into many thick-fec Branches, which are full of Leaves ; on which are fee white Flowers in Umbells or broad Tufts ; to which fucceed Seed-veffels, refembling a little Heart, thrufting out of a Cone a fmall Points!, and in its two little Cells containing as m3ny fmall, reddilh Seeds. It grows commonly on the Sides of Fields in Germany , Italy and France. There are no Borders ot Fields round Vienna , and confe- quently in all the lower Aujiria , which are not covered, fays Oufijus , with this Planr, which after fome Time creeps far into the Fields themfelves. It flowers in May and the Beginning of June ; and the Seed is ripe about the End of June. 3. Lepidium humfe, minus, incanum A- lepicum. %ht fntallgt, lottf, IjoatV'SDlte tatt&er cf akppo. Draba Chalepenfiis , re¬ pens, humilior , foliis minus cinereis , quafique viridibus. Mor. Hilt. Oxen- Part 2. 314. This Plant is diftinguifhed from rhe com¬ mon Draba in three Refpedts. 1. In its Smallnefs, for it is lower than it. 2. In its Leaves being iefs Afliy and as it were green. 3. The Stalks are loaded with more Seed- veffels, which a!fo bulge out on both Sides, which coming forth thus copicufly bring a greater Quantity of Seeds to Peife&ion and Maturity ; whereas in the Arabian Draba the Seeds rarely come to be ripe, by Reafoti of this Plant’s creeping too much. It grew at Oxford from a Seed fent from Aleppo. It flowers in May and the Begin* ning of June. 4. Lepidium gramineo folio, five Iberis. d 5 ?ar^Ieab’& SDittanlrer, oi Sciatica Iberis latiore folio. C. B. Pin. 97, Iberis. J. B. 2. 918. Dod. Pempr 714. It produces feveral Stalks above nine Inches high, hollow wirh thick-fec Wings, from a whire ligneous Root, pretty thick, and furnifhed with a few Fibres* The Leaves that appear firft have long Foot-ftalks, are half an Inch broad, two or three Inches long, and jagged at the End : But the, up¬ per Leaves, and fuch as grow upon the Stalks and Branches referable rhe Leaves of T bad flax, and are narrow, - (harp-pointed, without any Foot-ftalk, and having no Dent or Notch, with the burning Tafte of Crefis. The fmall Seed is contained m little oblong Bags, whole Valves are parted by a little Membrane, fucceeding to white Flowers gathered in Heaps upon the Tops of the Branches, and refembling Gefis Flowers. It grows in uncultivated ruinous Places,, and by the Way-fide, almoft every where, both. 4 I 4 The Com pie at Herbal. bosh in Germany and Italy, in Sicily and in the South of France* 5. Lepidium capillaceo folio, fruticofum, Hifpar.icum. fepanifF, flflttfe £Dtttanfcer, tmtlj a capiHacemt^ leaf* 6 . Lepidium orienrale, Nafturtii crifpi fo¬ lio. £Djtental ©tttari&er, ftttl) a etttito Crefs leaf* 7. Lepidium oriencale, Nafturtii folio, cauie Vtficatio. SD^iental SDittattuer, Itsttlj a Crete leaf, ant? an £tlkekettgt 8* Lepidium orientale, Caryophylli folio. animal jSIHttan&er, irttl; a Clobe^gtttp* fierce leaf* This Plant is called Lepidium from the Greeks Word K&irU Squama a Scale, b^caufe it is believed to cake off Spots and Scurfs from the Face. The Leaves, fays Diofcorides , have an a- crid and heating Quality ; for which Rea- fon the bruifed Herb is a prefent Remedy for the Sciatica, if that and the Root of Elecampane be rubbed upon the Part af¬ fected for four Hours. It is good alfo in the fame Manner for the Difeafe of the Spleen, and cures the Leprofy. The Root hung at the Neck, or tied to the Arm, ac¬ cording to P/;«y, is thought to cure the Tooth-ach. This Herb alfo mends the Deformities and Difcolourings of'the Skin, and helps to re¬ move Marks, Scans, Scabs, or the difagre- sble Marks of Burning by Fire or Iron. Patkjnfon fays, That the Women of Bury in Suffolk do ufuaily give the Juice of this Plant in Ale, to be drunk by Women in l abour, in order to procure them a fpeedy Delivery, TABLE CIV. Fig. 2. G E N U S VI. Burfa paftoris, g>IjepIjet 5 sS--purfe. is a Plant with a Flower ^ in Form of a Crofs A, and confifting of four Leaves B : Out of whofe Flower-cup C, rifes the Poinral D, which afterwards turns to a fmcotb Fruit E, cut on the upper Border, relembling as it were an inverted xievui Triangle called Ifofceles , divided into two Cells by an intermediate Patti:ion H, to which the Valves F G, on both Sides adhere, and furniiked with fmall Seeds I. The Species of ^je$)er&^purfe are, 1. Burfa paftoris major, folio non finuator ^Ijerljcrts^puciV, toufc toljole ana entire leases* C. B. Pm. ic8- This great Shepbcrds-pwfe has a fmall Root wirh fome Fibres at it, from whence rifes commonly but one fmall Stalk a Span long, branched into two or three Parrs, whole lower Leaves are whole without Pi- vifion, having Jong Foot-ftalks to them; and thofe upon the Stalks encompafs them at the Bottom. The Flowers are white, and the Seed*veflels flat. 2. Burfa paftoris major, folio finuaro. €>?ea t aije^ern^pttrfe, tntrt a toabeo ileaf. C. B. Pin. 108. Burfa paftoria • J. B. 2. 5?36. Paftoria burfa. Dod. Pempt. 103. This is the Burfa paftoris major vulgaris of Parl{infon. Sometimes this Planr rifes a Palm, fome- times a Foot, or a Cubit, and fometimes even a Cubic and a half high. Ic ftands .upon a fmall, upright, white fibrous Roor, of a fweetilh and naufeous Tafte ; from whence come forth oblong Leaves, that are fometimes whole, but generally deeply jag¬ ged on both Sides, the Jaggs ending in (harp Points, almoft afrer tha Manner of Dendelion , fomewhat hairy, with Foor-ftalks an Inch long, (or rather dilated from a narrow Bot¬ tom,) whereas the upper ones that ftand on the Stalks with a broad Bottom, do ad¬ here to them without Foot-ftalks, embracing them on both Sides with a Jagg or Auricle ftretched forth ; nor are they in the leaft jagged. Out of the Middle of the Leaves rifes one, two, three, four or more Stalks, di¬ vided into little Branches alternately ranged, and the middle one thus divided from the very Roor. The Tops of the Stalks and Branches run out as ic were into long Spikes of Flowers refting upon fmall Foot-ftalks half an Inch long. The Flowers are fmall, white, compofed of four roundifh Leaves nor fplit in two, with little Stamina or Threads tipped wirh yellow Chives. When the Flowers fall, the Foot (talks grow an Inch The Compleat Herbal. 41 5 Jnch long, and fuftain the Seed-veflels from a fmall Bottom ending in a little broad Purfe fplir in two, (landing out from the Sta'ik, and making right Angles with it, or bending a little downwards. There are ma¬ ny very fmall Seeds contained in each Seed- vefifel, which are yellow or reddifh when ripe. It grows by High-ways in deferr and un¬ inhabited Places, in Court-yards, By lanes, and among Ruines, and flowers the whole Summer, is in very good Plight, and brings forth perfediy ripe Seed. 3. Buffa paftoris eleganti folio, inftar Cc- ronopi repencis. Cam. Hort. 32. bertopurfe, tmtb a beautiful Leaf, m fnttblmg t\)£ lleaf of creeping Co?.onoptig 0; s>tmnes Crefe* 4. Buria palions media. C. - 5 . Pin. 108. ©isble &ljepbertopttrfe. Burfa pajioru, minor. Tabern. Icon. lpp. 5. Rurfa paftoris montana, Globulariae folio, ©ountsttn ^bepbcrtopurfc, UittT} a ©otmtain jDanp Heat; jhufpi alpinum, Bellidis ceru'e# folio. C* B. Pin. 106. Thhfpi foliis G'obulari *€• ]• B. 2. p2 6. T hlajpi mon - tanum, Burfa paftoris fruftu, primum . Col. Part 1. 276. This is the Thla/pios alii fa - pini varietas of Gerards ; and the Thtafpi mon tanum Glafti folio minus of Parkinfon. It creeps far and wide with long rhickifh Roots, that are divided into feveral Knobs, which again creeping in their Turn take Root by fending down Fibres. The Leaves are fpread upon the Ground or lying along upon it, being pretty numerous, fomewhat refembling the Leaves of Mountain Dai%y } with a Foot-ftalk one or two Inches long, of a fhining red Colour at their Rife, fcarce a full Inch long, round ifh, rhickifh, of a darkifh green, efpecially the Winter oaes, and of a bitter Tafte. The Stalks are a- bove a Palm high, taper and fmooth ; along which are ftretched Leaves alternately, of an almoft grey Colour, without Foot-ftalks, embracing the Stalk with their Bottom, and pointed almoft in the fame Manner as the Leaves of the Burfa paftoris perfoli at a* The very Top of the Stalk fuftains very thick-fet Flowers, not much unlike the Flowers of the iberis Fuckfii , large, milk- white, with feveral Chives concealed in a greenifh Flower-cup ; To which fucceed broad, flat Seed-veffcJs, rcfembling thofe pf the common Shepherds purfe, fending forth out of their Bofom little (harp Points ; and containing a (mail, reddifh, acrid and bit- terilh Seed. This Plant grows very common on the hilly Paftures betwixt Settle and Malbam, and towards Iv.ihborongh in Torlifhire . 6 . Burfa paftoris, oriencalis, Cardamines folio, filiqua longiftima, quadrangula. ratal ^Ijeplyertoptide, tmtb a bitter Crete Heaf, ans a top long ciuabjan^ gitlar JBob. * 7. Burfa paftoris, orientals, Drabae fo’iis^ filiquis v cornutis. SD^fental §J)efberbB* purfe, lrub a SHaba Loaf, anb (jo^ueb It received irs Name from the Form of its Fruit or Pods, which were thought to refemble a Shepherd’s Purfe. It cools and dries, binds and conftipates, and therefore is very proper in Bleeding ar the Nofe, fpirtiog of Blood, a Diarrhaa, or Dy- fentery, pilling of Bloocj, and in the exccflive flowing of the Terms.. It is commonly ufed by the common People for doling up the Lips of Wounds, and not without Succefs as alfo in Bleedings at the Nofe, by putting it under the Arm-pits, or behind the Nape of the Neck. Jt is like wife frequently ufed in Cataplafns , (for cnaceing away of Agues) which are laid on the Wrilt. A Peftary made of Cotton and dipt in the Juice of it, thruft up the Nofe will flop the Bleeding. Eiiher the Juice or the De- codlion of this Plant in red Wine, or River. Water, in which red hot Iren has been ex- tinguilhed, will cure a Lientery. One Ounce of the Juice of the Plant preffed our, or two Ounces of the Broth of the dried Herb will cure a Pifting of Blood or a Gonorrhea, Shepherds-purfe not only cures Spitting of Blood, but even a Gonnorhcea without fail 5 , which (ingle Obfervation we owe to that famous and notable Pradirioner Selcrius af- ter TabernamontariUS* Sim. Pauli. The fecond Species here described is a- nalyfed by Mr. Tcurnefort thus : The ancient French Authors reckon that this Herb is * fomewhat faitiih and deterfive. The Juice-% of its Leaves give a lirtie Tindure of red: to blue Paper j which gives us Reafbn to* believer The Compleat Herbal. believe that in this Plant the Sal ammoniack> •which k in the natural Salt of the Earth, prevails over the other Principles. This Sal ammoniac ^ is diffoived in a confiderable Por¬ tion pf Phlegm, and is tempered by abun¬ dance of Earth and a little Sulphur. This Plant does not yield much Acid by a Chy- tnical Analyfis , for almoft all that is drawn from it is alcaline. There are few Plants that afford fo much volatile concrete Sale, more lixivial Salt, and more Earth. Thefe Principles mixed together render Shepherds - purfi proper for diffolving the Blood when it is thickned by adventitious Acids, which hinder it from circulating with its ordinary Swifcnefs from the Arteries into the Veins ; to which we may reduce the moft Part of Fluxions. Befides, the Earth which is in this Plant, eafily imbibes the Serofities which occafion a Relaxation of the Fibres ; and thus by the Confent of ail Authors it is vulnerary and aftringent; and it is likewife believed to be febrifugous and lenitive. The Juice of its Leaves drank, from four to fix Ounces, is one of the belt Remedies in any Lofs of Blood, and even in Fluxions accom¬ panied with an Inflammation. A Handful of it is boiled in lean Broth, and this is employed in Ptifans , in Glyflers , and in CatapUfrns • Its diftilled Water has fcarce any Vertue at all; for that is only the Flegm feparated from the other Principles. Ycu may find it almoft at any time of the Yeaj^ for it propagates it felf by Seed, to-, wartfl the End of the Summer. SECT. III. Of Herbs with a Crofs Flower , whofe Fointal turns to a Fruit that is divided into three or four Cells. TABLE CIV. Fig. 3. GEN U.S I. Crucap. "pKttCagO is a Plant with a Crofs-Flower A, confiding of four Leaves B : Out of whofe Flower-cup C, rifes the Pointal D, which afterwards turns to a Fruit E, refem- bling a Sort of a four-corner*d and crefted Club, divided commonly into four Cells F, and full of Seeds G, that are generally round- ilh and beaked. There is but one Species of Erucago yet known, which is, Erucago fegetum. Cojit CrttCagO. Eruca rnonfpdiaca , filiqua quadrangula , echrndta* *C. B. Pin. 99. Simps eckinatum • Lagd. 647. J. B. 2. 858. This Plant fends up feveral Stalks, which are at firft of a purplifh Colour, a Foot or a Foot and a half high, round, channelled, rough, and fpreading into great Branches. The lower Leaves are fpread upon the Ground, oblong, narrow, hairy and rough; thofe on the Stalk grow in Pairs, or in Threes. The Flowers are fmall, confiding of four Leaves, in Form of a Crofs» and of a yellow Colour. To thefe fucceed Pods that refemble a Mafs of Arms, garnifted with ftrong Prickles, each of which contains three or four Cells, each of which again contains its own round, reddifli Seed, which is commonly furnifiied with a fmall Beak. The Root is as long as the half of one’s Hand, pretty thick, whitiflj, and garniflied with feveral Fibres. It grows in Languedoc!^ about Montpelier y among the Corn, and in other warm Places ; and flowers in the Months of Marche April y and September, Mr, J^ay faw it likewife growing The Compleat Herbal. 417 growing among the Corn not far from Lucca , on the Way -fide as you go from thence to pifa. This Plant, fays Mr. Ray, is fingular in its Kind, and differs from the Analogy of the other Rapifira, both with Refped: to Flowers and Pods. Ic differs like wife from the reft of this Genus in its Leaves ; for the lower Leaves, and fucb as come imme¬ diately from the Root, are very long, nar¬ row, and cut in on both Sides to the very middle Rib, after the Manner of the Leaves of Wild-Succory, vi%. into triangular Seg¬ ments, whofe Bafis adheres to the Rib ; but the two oppofite ones meet and join to one another, and make a Rhomboidal Figure. Jc is called Erucago from Eruca Rocket, bccaufe it refembles it in feveral Refpeds. This Plant, fays Lemevy , is incifive, at¬ tenuating, and is proper for rarifying the tough Phlegm of the' Brain, and. to provoke Sneezing. S E C T. IV. I - “V. Of Plants with a Crofs Flower, whofe Pointal turns to a great many Seeds colle&ed into a Head. TABLE CIV. Fig. 4. GENUS I. Potaraogeton, ^OltUlBCeH. P 3 DntrtJJ££D is a Plant with a Crofs Flow¬ er A, confining of four Leaves B, and without a Flower-cup. But the Pointal C, turns to four Seeds D, that are commonly ©blong, and gathered into a Sort of a Head. The Species of are, I. Potamogeton rotundifolium. C. B* Bin• 193. iftounteleab’u JDOtttABCeh. Potamo¬ geton rotvndiori folio, j. B. 3. 776. Potamo- geiton fpicata. Tabern. Icon. 739. This is the Fontalti major latifolia vulgaris, or Broad- leavd Pondvoeed of Parkinfon. This Plant creeps under the Water with oblique, thick, round, jointed Roots, with long Diftances between the Joints, and fend¬ ing forth from the Joints fmall thick-fet Fibres that dive down deep into the Slime or Earth. From the Joints of the Roots it puts forth Stalks or Twigs upon the Surface of the Water, which are very long, about the Thicknefs of a Blade of Corn, round, jointed, and branched, with long Difiances betwixt the Joints. At each Joint comes forth a fingle Leaf, which is grafiy and narrow under Water, fomewhac hollow on the upper Side, but round on the under Side, nine Inches long, ending in a Point; but after the Plant rifes above Water, very different, wT. like a Plantain Leaf, of an oval Figure, with a blifrn Bottom, but a (harpPoint, (hining with a pale Greennefs, even round the Edges, and channelled with Nerves running length- wife, not unlike the Leaves of Water-Lilly > and retting upon long Foot-ftalks, which are fometimes a Palm or a Palm and a half long. At the Rife of the Spikes are two Leaves oppofite to one another upon the Stalk. Ac the Rife of the Foot-ftalk of each Leaf is placed a pellucid Membrane, two Fingers long, pointed, within the Foot-ftalk of the Leaf, infolding the Stalk and the Bud, and even the Foot-ftalk of the Spike, when there is any. The Flowers which are ranged in Spikes, two or three Inches long, reft upon a Foot-ftalk as thick as the Stalks, a Palm long or better, compofed of ftamineous Flowers that are ranged Branch-fafhion. Each Flower confifts of four herbaceous Leaves, ftiaped like a,Spoon, and turning inwards 3 in each of which are pretty large H fe h Seeds, 418 The Comph Seeds fomewbat flat on the Sides, with a hunch back, of a pale green Colour, and fometimes purplifh when fully ripe. There are eight Chives. It grows very commonly in Pagnating Water. It flowers and bears Seed in the Months of "fune and $uly. 2 . Potamogeron lorgo, ferraro f -Ho. C. H. Pin. t 95. jDonmcii toxtl} a long tcmen 5 lCaf. Lapa'hum fiuitnns, Ivngo , ferr ato folic. 7 - B. 2. 988. Potamogeron altera. Dod. t’ernpr. 582 . O xy ’aput bum aquaricum Dale - c' am pi i. Lugd« 603. It abounds with a great many fmall round 5 , r alks, which are again divided into Branch¬ es. The Leaves are broad, oblong point¬ ed, adhering without Foot-ftalks, encom- psfling the Sralk with their 1 bread Bottoms, channelled with Nerves running lengthwife, fet in alternate Order, except where the Spike of Flowers comes forth ; for there they grow by Couples oppolire to one ano¬ ther. The fhort Spike rifts upon a pretty thick Foor-Italk an Inch and a half long :* The Flowers and Sfeds refemble thofe of the other Species. This Plant lies generally under Water, with only the Top above. The Leaves are thin and p:*llucid ; nor are there any thin Membranes on the Stalks and Branches, in¬ folding them, as in the former Species. 3. Potamogeron Alpmum, Plantagnis fo¬ lio. pottiitoch of i\)Z alps, ttndj a ^lan ntu Tonf. Font ahs lucent , major . ]. B. 3 . 777. This Species creeps under Water almoft in the fame Manner as the firft, fending down Fibres from the Root : But differs from it in its Stalks which have many joints rhick-fet upon them ; in its Leaves which are much 1 nger, and fomewhat nar¬ rower, all over fhinirg (viz,, fuch as are under Water ; for luch as appear above, which fometimes happens, refemble the Leaves of the firit Species in Colour, Con- flftency, Shorrnefs, and Nerves) and refting upon fhort Foot-ftalks which are even on the upper Side *, but fuch *as are under Wa¬ ter are tint narrow, as in rhar, like Grafs, but broad. The Spikes of the Flowers are not much unlike, refting upon thick Foot-ftalks a Palm long, and compoled in like Manner ©f fmail, herbaceous, four*leav’d Flowers, ttt Herbal. having fmallcr Leaves tfian that other; in which, as in the reft of this Genus, grow four naked Seeds, like thofe of the firft Spe¬ cies, flat, pointed, and as it were three- corner’d, nor fo gibbous or convex as in thur. The Leaves which are under Water quickly wither and decay, fo that the under and greateft Part of the Stalk becomes na¬ ked of Leaves. On the Leaves are feen a vaft many (mall Fibres Scattered over the Side, and composing Nerves. The Leaves are placed in the fame Manner as in the reft of this Genus, viz. alternately, unlefs where the Spikes come forth, and there they are in Couples opposite to one another ; and at the Rife of each of them is placed a iong- ifh Membrane, encompaffing moft of the $taft, as 1° { h e It flowers in the Month of July, and foon bears perfect Seed. It grows frequently in large and flow running Rivers. 4. Potamogeron foliis latis, fplendentibus. c. B. Pin. 193. jBonhterh Inoah ftl'D 0 )ttltUC£ Potamogeiton a'tern Dodon.ti. J. B» 3 * 7 78. Potamogeiton tertia. Dod. Petnpr. 582. See the Defcriprion of the fecond Species, which perhaps will agree better to this. 5. Potamog^ton foliis crifpis, five Ladhica ranarum. C. B. Pin. 193. CftD treps 0: Letrttce.' Fonffoalts crijpa. J. B. 3 788 Trtbuiuf aquaticus , minor , Qucr- cm floribui. Ger. emacd. 824. This is the T ribulus aquations mimr\ prior of Park,infon. It produces from the Root Shafts two, three, or more Cubits high, according to the Depth of the Water, fmall, of a Icarlet Colour, fmootb, knotted, which are tough and flexible when dry, divided at Top into feveral Branches, bearing ac each Knot al¬ ternately Angle Leaves, fometimes two Inches long, and half an Inch broad, thin, and as it were tranfparenr, fo much curled and finuated round the Edges, that they appear to be j ggea, and are of a Sort of a green fcarlet Colour: Foot-ftalks above two Inches long, fuftaining fmall white Flowers, in the Shape of a Grape, are thickilh, and rife among the Leaves, which there always grow in Couples over againft one another, different from the lower Leaves. To each of the Flowers commonly fucceed four pointed or prickly Seeds flicking together, containing a little- the CoMpleat Herbal. 411 ? little white Pith. The Shafts on the lower Part at the Joints fiioot down final], oblong, white Fibres, by which they are ftrengthened and receive their Nourifhment. The whole Plant lies under Water. It flowers in June and the Beginning of July, Every little Flower is compofed of four fmall roundifli Leaves. This Species grows very commonly in flow running Brooks* 6 . Potamogeton foliis anguftis 8e undulatis. ^onufteeu tuid) narrow au35 mumlateu IlCabCS* T ribulus aquations, minor, Mafia - telU floribus. Ger. emac. 824. SD!)6 WS&m Caltrops oj j^rop Lettuce* From (mail Roots come forth many weak Branches a Foot long, thick fet with joints, not plain or fiat, as in the former Species, but round. The Leaves are fet at the joints in Couples correfponding to one another, and are oblong, ending in a Point, green and pellucid, fomewhat flnuated, bending or curling round the Edges. Three or four fmall Flowers joined together ftand upon one Feot-ftalk, in Shape and Colour fome¬ what refembiing the Flowers of the Mufia- telk Cordi ; to which fucceed (mall warped Seeds growing together, like thole of com¬ mon Molilot. This Species differs from the reft by a very remarkable Mark, viz, by the con¬ junct placing of the Leaves upon the Sralks. It fwims in little Brooks or Rivulets, e- fpecially where the Water is pure and clear; and flowers in the Months of June and July, 7, Potamogeton minus foliis derfis mu- cronaris, non ferratis. Bet* Monfp. £0)0 fntaUer ^ontJ&eca, tmtl) tiitcMet, points CU LcafcCS, but not tentco* Font a ti s me¬ dia, lucens, ]* B. 3. 777. 8. Potamogeton ramofum, anguftifoJium. ^cancljcti narroln 4 ca'o ponoircto. C. B. Pm. 193. Prodr. 10.1. J. B. 3. 978. This is the Potamogeton gtamitteum ramofutn of Par-, kjnfin. T he Stalk of th s Plant is above a Feat high, very Header, round and whitifh, part¬ ed into lundry Branches, with many fmall, round, dark green Leaves, not fet togethe r, but by Spaces a good Way diffanr, which , end in other Leaves almoft as fmall as Hairs ; yet nocwiihftanding, from the Wing of the flrft Leaf comes forth a Stalk with like Leaves at the End, and thereat a fmall Foot-ftaik three Inches long, fuftaming cer¬ tain fmall Flowers, fee fcattering in a Spike, and not in a Ciufter, having fmall rough Grains or Seeds fucceeding them. 9. Potamogeton cauie compreffo, folio graminis canini. P x ui Hift . 189. luitlj a fiat §>talk, ana a jDop (Djals leaf* The Stalks, which are branched and very flat, are above a Cubic or a Cubit and a half long. The Leaves are long and nar¬ row, relembiirg the Leaves of Dogs G'ttfs, unlefs that they are fhorter, and every where almoft of the fame Breadth, and end in a lharp Point, being placed alternately, unlefs where the Spikes rife, where two are oppo- fire ; in each of which run three remarkable Nerves lengthwife. Under each Leaf a thin and pellucid Membrane encompafles the Staik. The fhort Spike fuflains faint green Flowers, which are compofed of four Leaves that are red ac the Pointal. The Pointal is generally tipp’d with two Chives. The Seeds are enclofed in a ftraight Line on one Side, and in a circular one on the other. It grows very plentifully in a great many River?. 10. Potamogeton pufillum, gramineo fo¬ lio, cauie rotunda. Igaii Hift. 190. &mall ©?aC$;leaiLU ^onh&ceh, a rotmu It fwims in the Water with fmsll branched Stalks a Foot long, with longer Spaces be- twixr the Knots chan in the Potamogeton ramofum millefolium. The Leaves are graffv and narrow, two Inches long, and thin, by which it differs from the Potamogetum mille¬ folium & maritimum, whole Leaves are thicker and narrower, with a Ne:ve run¬ ning along the Middle,'in the fame Order as in the other Species, Out of the Boioms of the Leaves come forth both little Branches and little Membranes, infolding them as in the lit ft Specks. Where the Spike of Flowers comes forth, there are placed two Leaves oppefite to one another, as in the other, and two little Branches, in the Angle of whofe Separation Itands the Spike : There a double Membrane comes forth, ere in¬ folding the Spike, and the other the eppo- H h h 2 fite 4^o . ' . The Compleat Herbal. fire Branch. The Spike is fhort, compofed of three or four Flower*, each of which confifts of four hollow Leaves, inftead of a Flower-cup, containing eight Chives and as many Seeds in the Middle. 11. Potamogeton fjofculis ad foliorum no- dos. iBotftteen tmtfc little JHofters at tl)Z BnCt3 Cf t!je IlCabeS. Millefolium a- quaticum, flnfculis ad foliorum nodos. C. B. Pin. 14 1 . Myriophyllam aquaticum , minus. CJuf. Hid. 252. This is the Millefolium a- quancum minus of Parkjnfon, This Plant is furnilhed with Shafts that fpread far and wide, being round, green, and parted by many Joints ; from which it fpreads fmall Fibres like Hairs, by which it is faftned in the Ground. The upper Parc of the Shafts appear a Palm above Water, and is encompafled at each Joint with five Wings of thin Leaves that are furnifhed with other fmall Leaves, fcarce an Inch long, very green, and which gradually diminilh cowards the Top of the Shafts, infomuch ihar the Shafts end as ir were in a pyra¬ midal Figure, which bears as many Flowers as Wings of Leaves at each Knot on the very Top; whscb Flowers are very finally and furnilhed with eight white Leaves join¬ ed together, and which do not open, and afterwards turning into certain Bunches ha¬ ving four Shittles on their Heads. Clufius obferved this in the (hallow Breaches made by the Water in Brooks and Rivers, loaded with Flowers and Seeds in the Month of June ; and Mr. fyiy found it in great Plenty in the Rivulets about Cambridge. 12. Potamogeton foliis pennatis. ftee&tmtl) features HUabes. Millefolium aquaticum , pennatum , fpicatum . C. B. Prodr. 73. Millefolium pennatum , aquaticum . J. B. 3- 783. From fmall fibrous Roots come forth fe- veral hoMow, channelled Stalks a Cubit high, parted by a pretty many Joint?; branched out into Arms or Wings, and fwimming in the Water • at each of whofe Joints come forth three, four, five, or more Leavers, furrounding them like Stars, being finely cur, of a dark brown Colour, and refembling a Feather boih in Shape and Smallnefs. The Tops of the Stalks, which are a Palm long, and better, rife upright out of the Water, and fuftain a purplifh Spike, which is compofed of feveral Wherles of Flowers furrounding the Shaft at Di- ftances. It has ftamineous or thready Flow¬ ers, to each of which fucceeds a naked Seed. This Plant is found in the Rivers and larger Pools about Cambridge and elfewhere in England. Potamogeiton comes from two Greeks Words 'TroTetpios fluvius , & yiiTcov vicinus , as if one fliould fay, a Plant that grows near Rivers, or in watery Places. Galen tells us, That Pondweed is cooling and drying, much of the Nature of Kfict- grafs } but of a thicker Subfiance : The De- co&ion of the Leaves in Wine flops a Loofe- nefs, and eafes the griping Pains cf the Belly 5 and is proper by bathing to cure Itches, old Ulcers, corroding Cankers and Sores : The Leaves aflwage Inflammations, and St. Anthony s Fire, Freckles and Heat in the Face. If the Leaves be boiled with Oil and Vinegar, and applied to the Part afFedled with the hot Gout, they give pre- fent Eafe. This is alfo a good Remedy for foul Sores in the Legs; and the Root is good to diffolve Knots and Kernels. This Plant, fays Mr. Lemery , contains a great deal of Phlegm, a moderate Quantity of Oil, and little Salt., It is cooling, con- denfating and aftringent. It is proper for the Dyfernery, being taken in Decodtions. It is likewife applied outwardly to Tetters, and other Deformities of the Skin. SECT The Compleat Herbal 4-21. SECT. V. Of Herbs with a Flower in F orn to a Fruit , divided into two tition parallel to the Valves. TABLE CV. Fig. 1. GENUS I. aipffoioeg. A L)'flctOCS is a Plant with a Flower in Form of a Crofs A, confining of four Leaves B : Out of whofe Flower-cup C, rifes the Poimal D, which afterwards turns to an elliptick, and pretty thick Fruit E F, divided into two Cells by an intermediate Partition I, that is parallel to the demi-ellip- tical and turgid Valves G H, and full of orbicular, fmootb and brcad-brimm’d Seeds K. The Species of this Plant are, 1. AlyfToides fruticofum, Leucoii folio vi- ridi. &fmtb aivflcioee, tmfb a green &tOCk^gti()/VflDU'er Leaf* An Leucoium luteum, utricufato femine. P. Alpin* Exot. 117 ? . Prqfper ^/p/wwYDefcription of this Plant is as follows 1 This is a Shrub a Foot high, with many little, round, whitifli, rough Branches coming from a fmall, ligneous Roor, that is divided into other fmaller Roots. Thefe Branches are crouded with many thick-fet white Leaves, fmaller than thofe of the common Stocky gillyflower, broad¬ er at the Points, covered over with rough Hair, hard, and are colle&ed as ic were in¬ to a Ball on the Tops of the Shoots. The Branches produce many Flowers on their I'ops, as in our Stoc\-gilly-flowers, which Flowers are crowded quite around, hanging at their own long Foot-ftalks, fmall, yel¬ low, and compofed of five L eaves : To which fucceed round little Bags, gf a yel- • of a Crofs, whofe Point a l turns Parts, by an intermediate Par - lowifh Colour, containing. Seeds in their Cells, like S'toc^-gilly-fiower^ but broader, and whirifh. This is not an annual Plant. 2. Aly Abides incanum, foliis linuatis. ^oarp ^Upfimoee, itu'tlj (tm:a:eo Leaner Leucoium incanum filiquis rotundis. C. B. Pin.. 201 . Leucoium cum fiiiquis rotundis , j Hire luteo . J. 2. 931. Eruca peregrina. Cluf.. Hilt. 421. This is the Thlafpi incanum ma - ritimum Hifipanicum , Eruca pe^egrina Ctufii of Parlfinfon ; and the Leucoium marinum lu* tetim majus Clufii & Lobelii of Gerards. It produces leveral Stalks a Cubit higb d , taper, fomewhat hairy, and ftretched out in¬ to many Wings, from a white, fibrous Roor, moderately thick. 7 'he Leaves are about half an jnch broad, a Palm long, fomewhat hairy,^and a litiie hoary. The Flowers^ which are fmall and yellow, are colledfecf in great Numbers on the Tops of the Branches ; to which fucceed little fwelling Bags, with a Membrane parting them in the Middle, to which adhere foliaceous, round, and reddilh Seeds, like the Grains Stocl^gillfiflower.. It flowers in the Month of April, and gr®ws up every where on the Sea-coafts of Ifiria and Illyria. It grows likewife in un¬ cultivated Places and by the Way-fides in Cqflile, where it flowers in May. 3-. AlyfToides fruticofum, Crericum, Leu¬ coii folio incano. #Ipffo(t!£g Of Canop, totti) tlje Jjoarp Leaf of S>tcclu glllP^SblXier. Leucoium luteum, utriculato femine. Profp. Alpin. Exor. 117. 4. AlyfToides oriemalis, annua, Myagri. fativi folio. Rental amwal tmtlj t\)t Leaf of Carfcen dPolh c£ ^lea^ fure. This Plant iscalled Alyffoides, bccaufe of the Refemblance ic bears to Alyjfon or Madwort - X A RLE. 422 The Compleat Herbal. all abour this ; and that the Pcds differed very much# It is found in the fame Places with the other, and flowers at the fame Time. Mr. Ray tells ns he obferved fuch a Plant on /Etna, a Mountain in Sicily y a Palm high, with a great- man) little Stalks, with white Flowers, which blew lucceflively as in the reft of the Species, but which did not run .out into long Spikes, but were conglome- four Leaves C : Out of whofe Flower-cup rated or as it were wound up into Heads, TABLE CV. Fig. 2 , GENUS II. Alyffon, ^a5U)0?t. A/Tis a Plant with a Flower in Form of a Crofs A B, confiding of D, riles the Pointal E, which afterwards turns to a Fruit F G, that is pretty fmali a* d gibbous, d.tided ino two Cells M N, by an intermediate Partition H, which is parallel to the Valves G K, and furnilhed with roundifh Seeds L. The Species of ©atJtBO# are, I. Alyflfon perenne, monranum incanum. mountain, ijoarp 'Tblafpi montanum , luteum, J. B. 2. p28« This is the T hlafpi montanum y luteum , W4- jus of Parl{infon, This Plant has many Things in common with the Alyffon minus y but efpecially its oblong, hoary and rough Leaves, efpe dally on the under Side, fomerimes very much refembling the Olive Leaf. The Root is long, Lgneous, divided into many PartSj pro¬ ducing numerous, ligneous, AHi coloured Stalks, lying along upon the Ground, and above nine Inches high. The Flowers are very numerous, and ranged in the fame Or¬ der as in the Species jjtt mentioned, much larger, and of a deep yeliow Colour : Nor are the Husks unlike, bearing a Pointal on their Head, with a Navel (ticking out, and enclosing the Seed. J. Bsuhinut found it near Bafil y about ~Burf:cl But that which he received of Trjfmus from Champ.cgno/e in Burgundy , had a much larger Leaf, very much akin to an Olive Leaf. The Flowers refembied thofe of tf*allflower y and had the fame Smell with them. It flower’d all June and the Beginning of July . Mr. ALi^o/obferved four little green Leaves about the Husk of the former, but none at U P by Reaion of the Coldnefs of the Place, as he fuppoles 5 for that h- had gathered elfewhere very long Spikes of the lame Plant. It dif¬ fers from all the TolafpTt y in that the Leaves of the Flower-cup do not fall with the F;oweis, bur remain under the Se.d velfel ; which Mr. M.ignol makes to be peculiar to that A yffon , which is called, The /mailer Field Mad wort. 2* Ai lion incanum Serpilli folio, majuc. %\)t c^reatei: spatmiozt, tottlj a *Do:ljcr cf H/lji-tttC Leaf. T blafpi minus quibufdam y aliis Ay(Jon minus • J. B.*2. p28. Tblafpi Al /n difturn, ca>npcflre y majus, C. B. Pin. 107. Alyfjum minimum. Clul. Hid. cxxxiii. T »is is the Tblafpi arvenfe minus luteum of Ba^infon 5 and the IbUjpi Greecum of Ge¬ rard . This little Plant renewing it felf every Year from the Seed chat falls, grows into a Shrub with numerous, batd, taper, rough, and hoary Stalks, divided into Branches, and lying fomecimes upon the Ground. The numerous final 1 Flowers, which are upon the Tops of the Stalks and Branches, peep¬ ing out of Flower-cups divided into four Parts, and as it were running out into Spikes, as in the lefter Tblafpi and others of that Genus, ftand upon fhort Foot-ftalks, and are yellow, confift of four Leaves, are (o fmali that they fcarce blow, and their Parcs cmnot be eafily difeerned ; to which fuoceed i 1 a long Series Seed-vefiels {landing out f om the Stalk, not unlike a Grain of Len- t le in Shape, but much fmallcr, being hol¬ low on the upper Part, flicking out in the Middle with a Circle that is drawn round them, under which lie four ftnall reddilh S.eds, two in each'Cell, which are divided by a Membrane. The lowermoft Leaves referable the Leaves of Thyme or fmali Chic faced, being half an Inch long, {landing upon The Com pie at Herbal. 433 upon a narrow Fcot-ftalk, widening towards the Point, and are hoary, rough ro ihe Touch, but lefs fo ihan thole that ftand upon the Stalk:, tbick-fe*, oblong, and in Proportion to their Length .narrower than thofe that are placed a? the Root. The Root is ligneous, wh te, fir gle, and fome* times iurculous. The Plant has the Talte of Crefs , but much milder ; however the Root is pretry acrid and biting. It flowers in April or May 3 fooner or later according to the Mildnefs or Severity of rhe Seafon. It grows every where about Geneva in gravelly Places, as alfo about Ment% in Germany, and Montpelier iti France . This Plant does not always appear with the fame Face ; for fometimes it is very fmall, and at other Times about nine Inches high. Ic often varies likewife in the white Colour of its Flower, according to the Te- ftimony of J. Baubinus, who lays ir grew in great Plenty in his Garden with a white Flowerr Cfufws is certainly miftaken, when he fays, that the Flower is compofed of five Leaves. 3. AlylTon incanum, Serpilli folio, minus. Khz fritaHer Ijoatp luui) a sportjn* of Kijvtnz Leaf, t Ufpi Alyffon difturrty campeftre y minus. C. B. Pin. 107. 4. AlylTon incanun, Serpilli folio, frubtu mido. Tfoarv spa&Uioji*, ixittlj a cf JQ)ixnz Leaf, anD a naReti Tblafpi Alyffon di'clum minus , capful is majori - bus, rotundity non foliatis. Bor. Monlp. 5. A y (Ton marinmum. *lDariame S$a^ lUOH. Tblafpi Afyffum dictum , maritimum. C. B. Pin. 107 Nafturtium vel Tblafpi ma - iitimum . J. B. 2. 927. Tblafpi Narbonenfe> Centunculi angufto folio, Alyffon Italorum. Tabtrn. Icon. 461. From a white, ligneous, Angle, perennial Root, tapillatcd with a few Fibres, it fends up leveral weak feeble Branches, lying up- on the Ground, ftreaked, pretty ligneous, brittle, hairy and reduifh ; which are cloaiti¬ ed with Leaves ranged in an alternate Or¬ der, or no Order at all, an Inch Jong, very narrow, covered with a hoary Down, and rafting like Crefs. The Flowers, which are gathered in Heaps on the Tops of the Branches, are white, confiding of four Leaves, with a dsrk Middle or Navel* exa&ly like the Flowers of the common TVater-Crefs in all Relpebts* The Seed veffei is fmall and flit, with the upper Part Iharp- poin ed, containing two of three fmall red- dilh Seeds. Jc is to be feen almoft every where upon rhe Mediterranean , and bears feme Refem- blance to Stocl^-gilly-flw, unlefs that its Branches are weaker, and lie upon the Ground, and that boh the Branches and the Leaves are much fmaller. The Seed in this Species is flat and fmoorh, in each Secd- veflel a Couple ; for the Husks arc parsed by a middle Membrane into two Ceils, each of which contains a Seed. 6. Alyflbn Halimi folio, fern per viren*. CDPergrctn Spastamt, a g^a^BauD lane Leaf* T hla/pi Halimi folio , Jem per- virens• H. L* Bat. 7. AlylTon minus* Halimi argenreo angufto folio. LcKer ©a&iamt, tuttlj a Bane ftlPer uarrotuTief. Tblafpi pa vum % Halimi anguftoy incano folic. Bocc. Mul. Part 2. 45. Tblafpi patvumy Halimi angufto, argen- teo folio. Ejuld. Tab. 39. 8* Alyflbn minimum. K\)Z ftttaflClf Tblafpi Alyflum minimum. Mor. H. R. B,ef. 9. AlylTon fruricofum, aculeatum. SftjHtlt pdckfp Tblafpi futicofum , in - canum . C B. Pin. io8» L ucoium fpinofum y five Tblafpi fpinofum a iis. ]. B. 2. 931. Tblafpi fruticifuniy fpinofum, Karhonenfe. Lob. Icon. 217. This Plant has a ptetry rhick, warped, ligneous Root, nine Inches long, of a dark brown Colour without, and of a Box Co¬ lour within, and ending in leveral Heads. The Stalks which are ligneous, growing clofe together, two or tbr e Inches long, or fomewhac longer, cloathed with a daik brown whirifh, or greemlh Bark, .are divided into a good many Branches, tome of which end in long, ft ff, ftraighi and (harp Prickles, in Order and Form like the prickiy Burnet. \ The Leaves on the lower Branches are but few, but on the upper Ones many, wnbout Form, relembling rhofe of the yellow Mountain Tblafpi, half an Inch, and an Inch long, icarce fo broad as a BLde of Corn, with a blunt Point, thick, hoary, and of a Tome what az 4 T/;e Cdmpleat Herbal\ fome what biting Tafte. On the Tops of rhe Branches hang greeniCi Husks at me- derate Foot fhlks, refembling the Heads of Gold of Pleafure, open on both Sides, part¬ ed into two Cells, by a lucid Membrane, containing a round, reddilh, flat Seed with a biting Tafte. 10. Aiyflon fruticofum, incanum. ISoatp fejttb T hlafpi fruticofum, inca¬ num. C. B. Pin. 108. Thlafpi capfulis fub - tongis 9 incanum. ]. B. 2. 929. Thlafpi inca- num, Mechlinienfe . Lob. Icon. 2 t6. 11. Aiyflon Alpinum, hirfurum, lureum, Velio'tu/ \mty £^ai5tUD:t of dje 5 Ups. iSedum Alpinum , hvfutum , lutettm. C. B» Pin. 284. Sedurn petraum, montanum . Lob. 1 - con. 381. 12. Aiyflon Alpinum, Polygoni folio in- canc. of tfje aip?, font!) a IjaitT I^naLgCafS Leaf. Burfa paftoris Alpina , hirjuta . C. B. Pin. 108. Prodr. 51, 13. Aiyflon vulgare, Polygoni folio, caule nudo. Common tottlj a llmof* grate Leaf, anu a na&eo s>talk. Burfa paftoris minor , loculo oblongo . C. B* Pin. I08* paftoris minima , oblongis filiquis, verna, loculo oblongo. J. B. 2. 937. Paronychia vul¬ garis. Dod. Pempr. 112. Common MfSftXt lotegrate. This Plant has a fmall and fibrous Root ; from which rife many Leaves fpreading up¬ on the Ground, fcarce an Inch long, Iharp- pointed, hairy, foncetimes greenilh and fome- times reddifh, the Edges at the End being cut in with fome Notches, of a Tafte a little aftringent at firft, then acrid, nitrous snd biting; among which fomedmes one Stalk, at ocher Times two, three or more (which are taper, a Palm high, and fome- times not above three Inches high, without Leaves) fuftain many white Flowers toge¬ ther confifling of four Leaves each, that are fplic in two, and ftanding upon long Foot- flalks ; with a longifh flat Seed-bag, not parted by any Partition as in Shepherds-purfe, •but ending in a Point, and feparated by a thin Membrane going between the Valves, and combining a fmall round Seed. It flowers in the Month of March , fooner or- later according as the Winter has been, mild or fevere. It grows in the Fields or in Gardens, efpecially in Tandy and barren Ground, and fomeumeS on the Walls and Tops of Houfer. Ic is an annual Pianr, and renews it felf every Year by the Seed. T4. Aiyflon veronica? folio. ©aOtOOJfc fcntl) a g>pmADdl Leaf. Burfa paftoris major , loculo oblongo. C. B. Pin. 108, Burfe paftori* fublongo loculo affinity pulchra Planta. J. B. 2. 938. Draba minimay muralis, difeoides. Col. Parr. 1. 274. This is the T hlafpi Vero¬ nica folio of Parkinfon. It fpreads its Leaves on the Ground, which do fomewhat refemble the Leaves of VVinter Crefs , but fhorter, broader, and rounder, an Inch, or two Inches broad, dented round the Edges, hairy and fome¬ what rugged, fuch as are alfo thofe that are fee on the Stalks and Branches, but a little fmalier, and without Foot ftalks. But im¬ mediately from the Root ic fends up feveral Stalks, fome of them coming to greater Perfe&ion than others, above a Cubit high, fomedmes divided into many Branches, which do not grow clofe to the Stalk, but ftand out from it. To every Wing adhere many fmall white Flowers, which are fucceeded by Bags in a long Series, like thofe of the common Whitlow-graft, opening two Ways, and having a Stripe in the Middle, the Valves of which giving way on both Sides, there appears fmall Seed, leaving the feparating Membrane behind them. In each Pod are contained feveral Seeds, fix or eight in each Cell. This Plant is common on the Sides of Hills in the Weftern Part of Yorl^fhire, called Cra • ven . Mr. ftay likewife found it in Italy , growing at the Sides of Hedges, about half way beewixt Lucca and Pi fa - and in France near Montpelier , 15. Aiyflon fegetum, foliis auricularis, a- cutis. Com ®aotuo2t, Untlj attrtculaten fltfru^ointeo Leabe?. Myagrum fativum. C. B. Pin. 109. Myagrum dittum Camelina. ]. B. 2. 892* (3 Myagrum Turcicum . Ejufd. 2. 893. Camelina five Myagrion . Dod. Pempr. 532. This is the Myagrum fylveftre , five Pfeudc-Myagrum of Far kin fen. Item. Mya¬ grum fativum . Ejufd. From one Stalk above a Cubit high flioot forth fmall, taper, upright, hairy, branched Branches, which are full of a fungous Pith ; on i - t _ * < V \ ' 4 / The Compleat Herbal. 425 on which are fet Leaves like thofe of the Draba , with a broad Bottom, oblong, fofr, not rugged but refembling the Leaves of R«- bU or Madder, to which Diofcorides compares this Plant, of a pale Colour, embracing the Stalk with their Wings, gently dented round the Edges, and of an oleraceous Tafte. The Flowers, which are fmall, yellowifh, and confift of four Leaves ftand upon pretty long Foot-ft'alks; to each of which fucceeds a Seed-veflel, fomewhat refembling the Stone of a Grape, a little plump, and oblong, with four Angles or Ribs, containing many oblong, triangular Seeds, fmaller than thofe of Crefs y almoft of the Colour of Fenugreek of the Tafte of Crefs, which contract a cer¬ tain Mucilage after they have been kept in the Mouth for fome Time. The Root when come to its full Growth is fomewhat ligne¬ ous and fibrous. 1.6. Alyffon fegetum, foliis auriculatis, a- cutis, frudu majori. C0]tn ©aUtBO^t, tittl) attnctilateu ieaUcg, an 5 a larger j?ctttt. . 17. Alyllon Pyrenaicum, perenne, mini* mum, foliis rrifidis. %\)t ftttalleft Zt nean ©autno& fcuth m 3 Leabes ntt>tt?en in thjee. 18. Alyffon Creticum, faxatile, foliis un- dulatis, incanis. CftftUP COCk ©aUiUO^t, trfth tnaueu hoarp lleaues. ip- Alyffon Creticum, foliis angulatis, flore violaceo* CanUP ©aUtKOJt, tUUlj angular ileaUeg, anu a tuxtolet^colotu: ^ iflotuer. 20. Alyffon Creticum, faxatile, Serpilli folio candidiffimo, capfulis orbicularis. Catte UP rock ©auiuoit, Urith a Derp Incite ©other of SCljvme 2leaf, anu rotmui® moko. 21. Alyffon Graecum, frurefeens, Serpilli folio ampliftirno. (SrOCk ©aU*U0)t Intel) a uerp large ^otl)er of SChpnte &eaf. 22: Alyffon orientale, Serpilli folio, capi- tulis in (picam longiftimam dense digeftis. Cental ©aoiK^t, fttth a Worker of ®)vme lleaf, anu Igeaog rangeu dole into a uerp long ^ptke. 23. Alyffon orientale, Serpilli folio, Eli* chryfi capitulo, tock^gtllp^ flotner Leaf. 29 . Alyffon orientale, Turritidis folio, flore lureo. Annual ©aUtoo:t totth a SCotner^muffaru Leaf, anu a pellob) i^loner. 30. Alyffon orientale, Polygoni folio, flore luteo. Rental ©autet, tm’th a Lnot* grafs Leaf. anu a pelfotn floret. 31. Alyffon orientale, anguftiflimo folio, frudu ovaco. £Duental ©?utoo)t, truth a narrotn Leaf, anu ait obal i^rtttt. 32. Alyffon orientale, minimum, foliis ri¬ gid is & lecidis Che fmalleft omental ©afc$ toott, totth m anu Ihtntng ILeaUeo. You mult look for the Vertues of this Genus under Thlafpi , &c. TABLE CVL GENUS III. Lunaria, V/T 0onU>C5t is a Plant with a Flower in Form of a Crofs A, confifting of fowr Leaves R t Our of whofe Flower-cup C, rifes the Pointal D, which afterwards turns to a perfcdly imooth Fruit E F, divided as it were into two Cells by an intermediate Partition HK, to which adhere the Parallel and membranous Valves G I, LM, and foil I i i $4 fp .6 'The Compleat Herbal • of Seeds N 6, which are commonly broad- brimm’d, and in the Shape.of a Kidney. The Species of ®0Onb£OJt are, I. Lunaria major, filiqua rotundiore. grratei: Sooner, tott!) a rottnotfl; 1 &od. Viola lunaria major, filiqua rotunda . C. B. Pin. 203. Viola latifolia. Dod. Pempt. 161. Viola lunaris \ma. Tabern. Icon. 313. This the Viola iunaria i five Bulbonacb of Gerarde and Ba>kjnfon. Ic riles up with a Stalk about a Cubit and a half high, and fometimes as thick as one’s little Finger, of a grey reddifh Colour, and hairy. The Leaves are like thofe of Nettles, but twice or thrice as big, and are hairy, jagged, fometimes oppofice to one an¬ other, and fometimes fingle at the Rife of the Branches, and of an oleraceous Tafte. The Flowers in great Numbers ftand upon the Tops of the Stalks and Branches, ranged almoft in the fame Order as in Colewort, being of a purpiifh or incarnate Colour, ftriped, of the fame S ze with the Flowers of com¬ mon Colewort, fmaller than thofe x cf Stockrgilfy- flower, but orb. r wife like them, of a faint 5 m'Jl, with the Nail within conspicuous and whiufh. The four greenifh Stamina with their yellow or green Chives, fcarce peep out of the Cup, which is oblong and purple, com- pofed of four Leaves, two larger and as ma¬ ny fmaller, refembling the Flower-cup of Stockrgtlly-power. The Pods a>e broad and foundifh, flat, having two Valves, with a lit'le diver Spangle or Foil going between the two Pi a res without on both S-.des, fend¬ ing out a Thread below, and containing a double Row of orbicular and flat Seeds- The Root is ftrumous or glandulous, from whence it got the Name of Bulbonacb. The Seed is the targeft of any of this Genus, of a black- iih red Colour, and very biting with a Mix¬ ture of Biuernefs* It retains ihe Leaves all the Winter. It produces a Stalk the fecond Year after ir has been fown, and perifhes as foon as the Seed is ripe. Ir grows in great Abundance in the Forefts of Thuringia ; on the woody Hills of Auftria, Stiria , and in the neighbouring woody Pla¬ ces, as alfo in feme Parts of Hungary. 2.. Lunaria major perennis, filiqua rotun¬ diore, flore aibcv gtat perennial a xmmzx ana a lllijtte jTotner. Leucoitifn lunatum feu Iti - narium , latifolium , majus , alterum , filiqua ro¬ tunda , flore albo. Mor. Hift. Oxon. Part. 2* 246. This Species has broad Leaves and fmooch round Husks. It Hands upon a perennial Root, which is not damaged by the Win¬ ter : The Stalks are a Cubit high, and ligneous. The Leaves are many and broad. The Pods are broad, flat, and round ; but the Flowers are white like thofe of the Viola Matron a lis. It grows in fome Woods in Germany. 3. Lunaria major, filiqua longiore. J. ZL 2. 882. zcije great spoonfcmt, tmtlj a longer Viola lunaria major y filiqua oblonga. C. B. Pin* 203. Viola lunaris 2da, Tabern. Icon. 314. This has the broad Leaves of the former Moonvoort , which are Jhkewife dented and pointed ; with a like purple Flower ; but the Po-i that fucceeds ic is oblong, and is much narrower than the Pods of the former Moonvoort , with two Membranes on both Sides leaving the middle filver coloured Par¬ tition when the Seed is ripe. The Root is perennial. Mr. R^ay faw this Plant growing upon Jura and Saleva , two Hills near Geneva , but not in great Plenty, fo far as he could obferve. When it is transplanted to Gardens, it flowers in May. 4. Lunaria major, filiqua longiore, flore pwrpureo. Cije greater <$oontoQ#, tout) a long ^00, atto a purple jHolaec. Leu- coium majus, perenne , filiqua , lunata 3 longa , coronata , flore purpureo. H. L. Bat* 5. Lunaria Leucoii folio, filiqua oblonga, majore. £poontUO?t &Llj a ^tOCtegtlty* flow; lleaf ano * large oblong Leucoium / ilyffoides , clypeatum , majus . C. B. Pin. 2O1. Alyjfon filiqua lata , afpera y quibuf- dam Lunaria , flore luteo. ]. B. 2. 934. Alyfm Diofcoridis. Dod. Pempt. 8 p. JSDtofC 0 Jttie 8 Ij to Sabirojt. It Hands upon a fingle, ligneous, and white Roor, which has a burning Tafte : From which rife up feveral upright, ftiff Stalks, with a hairy Down upon them, which are divided into feveral Branches at a lirtle Di- ftance from the Top * on which ftand a great many fmall Flowers, like thofe of Jupiter’s Dijlaff, and like the Flowers of Hedge-muftard both The Compleat Herbal. 427 bo’h in Form and Size : When thefe are fallen, the Pods appear, of an oblong round Figure, covered with a hairy Down, flat, and iikewife containing a flat Seed. I he Leaves at their firit breaking forth are of a round oblong Figure, afterwards running more into Length, and end in a blunt Pomr, being fomewhat firmated, refembling the Leaves of StockrgiSy-.fewer, w.hitiflj, hairy, and rough to the Touch, and have an olera- ceous Tatte. 6 . Lunaria Leucoii folio, fiiiqua oblonga, minor?. a^OOUtnOU tdltl) a & lOCtegfify* ftotor Leaf, anu a fmaller oMoug^on. Leucoium Ayjjoides, clypeamm, minuu C. B. Pin. 20 i. Leucoium minus , peltatum, I^oma- mim. Col. Parr. 2- Co. This is the AiyJJum alter urn Dil)#belles Colette#, ttitb longer iteabes. 14. Bra nca fimbriata. C. B. pin. T i2 f J^rtngeD ColettO#. Braffica crifpa , lacini- ofa. J. B. 2. 832. Braffica tophofa. Tabern. Icon. 401. The Leaves of this are narrower and longer than thofe of the Braffica laciniata , and more deeply jagged, even to the very middle Rib, very much curled about the Edges, and are uneven with Bofles, or as ic were little Flaggons, (licking out in great Numbers on the under Side, which are hol¬ low on the upper Side. They are wholly blackifh, or of a dark green Colour. 15. Brffica fimbriata, maxima. SUJjC gcca eft fringes Colette#. 16. Braffica fimbriara, pumila. C. B. pin, 112. SDttarf fringes Ccletto#. Braffica A^glicana, nivea , minima. J. B. 2. 830* An- glica minima Braffica. Adv- £2* Lolei fays, he remembers to have feen this fmali Colevoort in Gardens in England , and that it was all over as white as Snow, except the ucrermoft jagged Borders, fringed with curled Plaits and fhrivelled Waves, beftrew- ed with purple Spots, which the People cul¬ tivated in them Gardens for making of Gar¬ lands The Contpleat Herbal. 43 1 lands and Nofegays, while it was yet young and tender. 17. Braflica laciniata alba. J- B. 2• 832. fefytte jaggeti Coletuc#. It very much relembles the red jagged Colemrt in its Size and Shape, is not alto¬ gether white, but has fometimes a purplilh Stock, on which are fet Leaves of a pale green Colour, which are covered over with a certain grey Shade. The Jaggs of the Leaves are likewife very deep, but not lo much curled. -18. Braflica laciniata, rubra. $0$ Coletocjt. J* B. 2. 832. It differs bur very little in Size from the common red Colevoort. They are the Leaves that m,?ke the chief Difference, which do fomewhat vary in their deep finuared ]?ggs, thefe being again cut lomerimes into broader, fometirnes into narrower Jagg*, thar the whole almolt feems curled, and that by R p afon of the bending and turning of the fmalkr Jaggs. It bears the Winter. 19. Braflica angufto Apii folio. C. B. Pin. 112. Coletmt Utth a rarroto 3 l 0 af. BraJJi a tenutjjime laciniata , J. B. 2. 832. B affica Selimjia anguftifolia* Tabern. Icon. 401. This Colevoort has curled I eaves, that are deeply j gged round the Edges, even to the very middle Rib. In his Species fome of the Leaves appear to be cut with rhicker-'et and deeper Jaggs, and others wirh rhinner-fet and lefs deep Jaggs. And this was theReafen for which C Baubinus made two Species out of one ; one, lato Apii folio ; and another, angufto Apii folio. 20. Braflica lato, Apii folio. CofetDCJt ftit i) a b?oat» JDarto Teaf. Brajpca feii- nifia, lanfolia , Labern. Icon. 402. 21. Braflica arvenfl . C.B.pin. 112. dCoI^UOiJt. Brajjica rubra, minor. J. S. 2. 833. Bfojjica f lveftris, Crambe ditia. Dod. Pempr. 632. This Species has (mail Stalks and thin Leaves. It is the Jeaft of all, aimed like the wild Species, with the i.eaves of rhe firft red one, but much fmaller, but other- wife exadUy a’ike. It is lown for irs Seed, from whence Oil is made, wh'ch is fold for Bfpo Seed Oil. There is a Confufion amongft Botanifis about this Plant, miomuch that I fufpedt they do not dearly underhand what they write. Braflica maritima, arborea feu procerior, ramofa. Mor.Hifl. Cxon Part. 2. 208. maritime SEree, m talTer lnanc!)c$ Cote ttUHt. This is the Braffica fylv/flris of G?- rarde and Parkin/on , winch they call Wild Colevoort in Englifh. The Defcription of red Colevoort given a- bove, may very well agree to this, fo that I am in Doubt whether it be a different Spe¬ cies from it or no: As for its growing near the Sea, that is certainly accidental : And then it’s common to this Species, with the common red Colevoort , according to the Te- ftimony of 5f. Baubinus, to hold out fevera! Years; and then again it is common to them both to be branched, or to run our into Arms or Branches. Either therefore *f. Baubinus believed and described the taller maritime Co'evoort for the common red Colevoort , by Mi take ; or elfe rhe common red Colevoorty and this taller maritime Colevoort, are one and the fame Species. Mr. Ray obferved this Plant on Dover Cliffs, and other fuch-like Places near the Sea. 22. Braflica peregrina, rrofehum olens, h. r Par. jfojeipi Cole&ojt., fmellutg; Of ty)tt0fu 23. Braflica campeftris, perfoliara, flore albo. Cfrojotto^toar, Ccteoo#, tout!} a drlOtBCT. Berfoliata filiqu'fa . J. B. 2. 835. Braffica camp firis ima. Ciufl Hift. cxxvii. It is a Cubit and a half high, fays J. Ban - hinus , a Foot high, (ays Clu/ius, with a (mail taper, whitifli Sralk, and divided into Wings coming out of rhe Bofom of the Leaves. The Leaves are long, roundifl], and nor divided^., relembling a Rape Leaf, of a grey Colour, a little ftiff, flat, brittle, and look as if they were thruft through by rhe Stalk, and of an oleraceous Tafte.. The Flowers are wbiofh, and the Pods very long and quadrangular, in which is contained final!, dark reddilh Seed. The Root is fmall and white. Clufius found this and the following Cole~- xvort growing in the Fields, and flowering in the Month of March in Murcia , along the Road that leads to Lorca ; and J. Baubinus found ix in the Fields among the Corn, ab< ut Mar back^, t 4 3 "2 Fhe Cotnpleat Herbal. Marback., in the Dutchy of PVirtemberg . It whence come diffeco , fubfico , and others, of does not grow wild in England , fays Mr. which Aldus has written at large in his Or- fo far as I can learn, tho’ Lobel calls it Per- thograpbia : The other is, That in many fcliata Napifolia Anglerum'filiqucfa. Words b founded like p of old, concerning 24. Braffica camped ris, perfoiiara, flore which you may confulr Lipfm de Pronunciat . purpureo. ci) 3 tttpatU Cofe L. L. cap. 12. Some are of Opinion thac it P 3 ttl) a purple 5 Flo)ier* Perfoliata is called Braffica quafi Paffica, becaufe the jiliqucfa, purpurea Ciufic. J. B. 2. 836* Braffi- Head is cut off from the Shaft or Stock, ca camptftris, purpureo flore. Ciuf. Hut. cxxvii. & paffa fiat, and thus becomes a Sufferer* This Species has firmer Rods, and not fo Nay, this very Etymology is attributed to much branched, whofe Leaves at Top are Varro him felf by Grapaldus , leader us, and o- fomewhat dented. The Flowers are like the thers. But Varro and Feftus % writ the very Flowers of the former, but larger, equal in fame Thing : For the former writes thus, Bignefs to the Flowers of Stcck-gidy flower or lib. 4. Braffica ut Prefica, quod ex fcapo prx- Damcs-violet , but in Colour like the Flower fecetur. And the Place is thus read not only of Greek Moonwcrt, vi%. purple. The Pods in the later Editions, but likewife in that of and the Seed are like the former. Tho’ the Aldus , in the Year 1513, and in that of Root be hard, and furnilh’d with feveral Fi- Milan , 1500. The third Opinion of the bres, yet it is not lively, but commonly dies Criticks is, That it is derived from the Greek. as foon as the Seed is ripe. Word C^fosa braffo to devour, becaufe the 25. Braffica Alpina, perennis. ^ClTtttUal Antients eat it greedily. The fourth is the Ccletooff of t!)e 0 lp'& Etymology of fof. Scaliger • for he teaches 26. Braffica Crerica, fruticofa, folio fubro- in ConjeSlaneis , that Baffica is fo called from tundo. Canop CdrtUOff, tOttl) a the Greek Word e/rppr1 as if you would rottnoifl) 3 lcaf. fay a Garden Pot-herb : For or&t but on the other Hand, the red- Prafeco. This is indeed a drained Etymo- der they are, the more they have of both. Sogy, but it will appear more natural, if The firft therefore in his Opinion are the pro- we confider two Things l One is, That the pereft to be eat ; and the laft are the pro- Words compounded of Seco commonly change pereft for making of Glyfters and other the e into an i in the Compofition 5 from Ckanfers* Galen £ / t - ’ t ■« : ( tkk *j / it *» ,i*» : ' kfcW ' ■*»*. .j !i The Compleat Herbal . 433 Galen writes, That Colewort has contrary Faculties of loofing and binding the Belly : For if you would have the former, fays he, you muft either order it to be eat (lightly boiled with its Broth, o t only the Broth alone; but if you would have the latter, then you mull: pour out the firft Broth, and pour on other warm Water, (for this he advifes particularly) and having ordered this likewife to be poured out after it has boiled fufficiently, you muft give the Herb it felf to be eat without che Broth ; which will be fo much tte better for your Purpofe, the oftner the Water has been poured our, and the boiling repeated. From hence you have this Line of the Scbola Salernitana , Jus caulis folvit , cujus fubftantia ftringit, Colewort , in the Opinion of Galen , and a 1- moft all Phyficians, in whatever Manner you prepare and drefs it for Food, produces in the Body a thick and melancholy Juice ; which any one may ealily learn from his own Experience, from the fetid difagreeable Belchings which it raifes. I my felf have feen, fays Simon Pauli, Warts anointed with the Juice of Colewort vanilh in a Fortnight’s Time, as it were by a fort of a Miracle, on a Maid whofe Hands were all covered over with Warts, which (he fuffered to dry of their own Accord, without wiping off any of the Juice. Julius Alexandrinus alfures us, That he has known a long finuous Wound that reached from the Shoulder almoft to the very But¬ tocks, in which extreme Part it always void¬ ed a great deal of a certain fanious Matter, but was not deep, nor reaching further in than the carneous Membrane, after all other Remedies had proved inefte&ual, 'to have been cured and healed up in a few Days by the Application of the Leaves of Colewort boiled in black and rough Wine. Camerarius fays. That the Leaves of Cole - voirt boiied in Wine are very effectual in Ulcers and the Leprofy. And Tragus fays, That Colewort has lo much Efficacy, that the Urine of thofe that eat it, will cure Fiftu- la’s, Cancers, Tetters, and other fuch Dif- tempers. I obferve from Platem> That in the Be¬ ginning of an Inflammation of the Jaws, the Water diftilled from the acid Liquor in which we ufe to preferve and pickle Cabbage , is generally ufed with great Succefs. When a certain Perfon was fo miferably af- flidkd with the Scurvy, that his whole Body and his Legs were all covered over with Spots, and his Limbs were fo very ftiff than he could not walk, he was ordered to drink: for his common Drink every Day, three Pounds of Wine, in which four Handfuls of (hred Colewort had been macerated, with half a Dram of Ginger, and two Drams of Cin¬ namon, This is taken from the Obfervations of Heurnius , Profeffor of Phyfick at Leyden . All the Antients with one Confent agreed, That Colewort prevented Intoxication by Wine or ftrong Drink, and the Moderns confirm this by their own Experience and Obferva- tion. The Deco$ian of the Flowers brings down Women J s Terms, and hinders Con¬ ception, as *tis faid, if given in a Peffary 5 and taken with Honey it removes Hoarfenefs,' and recovers the Lofs of the Voice. It cures fuch as are entring into a Confumption. The Pulp of the middle Ribs of Colewort boiled in Almond-milk, and made up into an Ele&u- ary with Honey, is very proper for fuch as are ftiort-winded and purfy. Colewort is thought effectual for all the Difeafes of the Body, and therefore Chryfippus wrote a whole Volume concerning its Vertues, and applied them to all the Parts of the Bodfl And the old Romans having expelled Phyficians out of their Territories, did for fix hundred Years maintain their Health, and cured their Difeafes, by ufing and applying it for theifc only Medicine in all their Ailments, TABLE CVIIL GENUS. IL Leucoium, €)tocfe=0tllp-'flatuetr. is a Plant with a ^ Flower in Form of a Crofs A, confifting of four Leaves B: Out of whofe Flower- cup C, rifes the Poinral D, which afterwards turns to a Fruit or Pod E F, which is long, flar, and divided into two Cells, by an in¬ termediate Partition G L, to which the K k k Valves ■4*34 ifo Compleat Herbal. Valves HI, MN, adhere on both Sides, and furhiftied with fmooth Seeds, which are orbicular KO, and generally broad-brimm’d. The Species of this Plant are, I* Leucoium incanum, majus. C. B. Bin. 200. Kty great tycarp ^tock^gtllp^flotBer. Leucoium hyemale & diu durans , etiam album. If. B. 2. 874. Leucoium candidum t majus, Dod. Pempr. This is the Leucoium a,bum y five purpure¬ um , five vitlaceum of Gerarde ; and the Leu¬ coium Jimplex fativum diverforum colorum of parkjnfon. &tock*gtllp*fict”er. It was not fo much the Colour of the Flowers, as that of the Stalk and Leaves that gave Name to this Plant: Seeing the Leaves, which are irregular, half an Inch, an Inch, and fometimes two Inches broad at leaft, one or two Palms long, even round the Edges, are all over white ; having a blunt Point, and being covered with a hoary jmd foft Down. The Stalk, which is a Cu¬ bit, or a Cubic and a half high and better, ligneous, taper, and fplic into many Branches, is likewife hoary and woolly. The Flowers itand upon the Tops of the Branches, break¬ ing forth out of an oblong, hairy Flower-cup, being large, compofed of four oblong Leaves that are roundifh at the Point, either of a red or purple Colour, either deep or faint, and even of a white Colour, and having a moft delicious fragrant Smell ; to which luc- ceed Pods% Palm or half a Foot long, flat when ripe, with a Point fplic in two, con¬ taining two Rows of Seeds, which are flar, orbicular, reddilh in the Middle, begirt with * whitilh Border or Fringe, and of a fome- what acrid Tafte. The Root is white and ligneous. There is a great Variety in the Flowers of this Plant: For fome of them are white, fome carnation, fome rofey, fome purple or violet, lome of a bloody Colour, or of a charm¬ ing Red, and others, in fine, of various Co¬ lours, viz. white, painted or variegated ei¬ ther with purple, pleafant red, rofey or vio¬ let-coloured Spots and Line*. C. Baubinus lays, That .he never faw any^of this Genus with a blue Flower ; and yet T \agus mentions tne which he calls Leucoium feu viola ccerulea • C. Baubinus , in his Phyt. among the Colours of the Flowers, names yellow j but his Bro¬ ther, Baubinus , does not believe there is any of this Genus with a yellow Fiower ; and Mr. [{ay fays, He never faw any fuch : But our Parfflnfon^ in his Paradife , mentions a Species of Stockygilly-flower by this Defig- nation, Leucoium fativum albido-lutcum fim- plex , whofe Leaves are greener than the com¬ mon Sort ; the Flowers of a pale yellow Colour, and almoft white, but differing in nothing elfe from the Description of the com¬ mon Sort. 2. Leucoium incanum, majus, flore cine- riceo. C. B. Pin. 20J. SDlje (U*Cat IjOStU Sttocfogtflj^flotoer, tout) an afiKoIottreti Jrlotoer. 3. Leucoium purpureum vel rubrum. C B. pin. 200. purple oj m flClDer. Leucoium hyemale (3 diu duraus, pur - pur cum (3 r of sum . ]. B^ 2. 874. Leucoium purpureum. Tabern. Icon. 309. 4. Leucoium incanum, nlajus, coccineum. Mcr. Hift. Oxen. Part. 2. 240. £Cl)C great.* er faarp, ertmfon &tock*gtllp*ftolrec. 5 * Leucoium violaceum. Tabern. Icon. 310. tUltoIe^coIouretJ £atock*gtUp4ioio3er. 6. Leucoium flore ex purpura puniceo. C. B. pin. 20q. £>t0ck*gillp;flottter, tottlj a flotoer of a Colour fcarlet attn purple. 7. leucoium incanum, minus. C. B, Bin. 200. SClje Met Ijoarp ^tock^gtllpTtotoer, OJ SJttlP Leucoium ceftivum flore pur- pur eo (3 rofeo & albo. J. B. 2 . 875* Leucoium minus (3 annuum. Dod. Pempr. 159. It fprings up with two Leaves like the Winter Stcck-gilly-flowers % but fmaller and tenderer; the Flowers being fometimes pur¬ ple, fometimes rofey, and fometimes white. It differs, fays Lobel y from the greater SVac^- gilly-flower, not in Shape, but only in Size. It has alike Stalks and Leaves, but fmaller. Nor are the Flowers, continues he, of one and the fame Colour, but are either white, reddifli or fcarler, like rhe greater Sort j and the Pods and Seeds are alfo alike. 8. Leucoium incanum, majus, multiplex, flore rubro. C. B. Pin. 200. ££!)£ greater Ijoarp ^tocfogillp* Better, ttuij a reu jflotet. Leucoium multiplies flore • Dod- Pempr. 159. 9. Leucoium incanum, majus, mulriplex, flore purpureo. C-B. Pm. 200. ^ 0 \)t great* ec Ijoarp ^tock*gfn2>*fi0tte*G ttttlj a pur* The Compleat Herbal. pie Jflotoer* Leucoium flore purpureo, pleno* branched, and fomenme* as thick as one’s Eytt. little Finger. Tbe Leaves are fmootb, fhining 10. Leucoium incanum, majus, multiplex, with a black green, thick, refembling the flore purpuro-violaceo. C« B . Pin. 20 0. Leaves of Wallflower. The Flowers are white, creates licarp ^tOCk^gtllV^ftolner, Dtttb a and fmell very fvveer, especially in an Even- Jfloftser of a btouc^puvplc Colour. Leu - ing, like Damesviolet ; to which Succeed coium five Kjiri purpuro-violauum , pleno long, thick, and green Pods full of fmooth flore. Suvert. - Seeds. 11. Leucoium incanum, ttiajas, multiplex, Ir will endure Several Years, if it be kept flore albo. %\)Z greater l)OarP &£OCk* in a Cellar or Vault during the Winter. tottl) a Leu- 21. Leucoium vernum, perenne, album, coium flore pleno y aih. Eytt. majus. %\)t greater brinre, dental, per^ 12. Leucoium incanum, majus, variega- emttal |Dt6Ck^gtnp*ftOb3er. Draba *lba y turn, firnplici flore, ftriis inaequalibus nora- filiquefa . C. B. Pin. iop. Hefperis Alpina, to. C. B. Pin. 200- SOje greater boarp flve muralis minor , repens. J. B. i. 88o« Dra- bartegateb S>tock*gtIlP/fiob3er, britb a bu fecunda. Ciuf. Hilt. cxxv. fmgle ifloteer, marker b3Ui) unequal The Root creeps along obliquely almcft Streaks. Upon the Surface of the Ground, and then 13. Leucoium variegatum, album, rubris fends down a great many Fibres, and has maculis. Eyfl. tUlartegafeD tofjite ^vOCk^ befides feveral Heads. There are many Leaves gtllp^flolner, btttij ret? ^potg. fpreading in a Circle on the Ground, grow- 14. Leucoium variegatum, purpureis ma- ing broader from a narrow Bottom by De- culis. Eyfl. tHJariegatet) ^tock/gfllp^ grees, being finuated and dented, wbitifl?,’ flotner, lilti) purple S>pot0. and in the Winter reddifh, hairy, refembling 15. Leucoium incanum, majus, variega- tbe Leaves of the Barbarea muraria y having turn, pleno flore. C. B. pin. 201. SClje an acrid Take ; but fuch as grow upon the greater bartegateb ^tOCk^giil^fluUier, Stalks have a broad Bottom, by which they fclttl) a double ji'loDier. encompafs them, and no Jefs dented than the 16. Leucoium purpureum, variegatum, others. The Flowers on the Tops of a Sralk fanguineis maculis fignarum. Brey. purple nine Inches high, and of the Branches, are barfegateb ^fOCk^gtllV^flOttier, ntarkeb many, growing in Clutters, whitifh, and are tuttl) MOOD? sDpotS* fucceeded in a long Series by Pods two or 17. Leucoium incanum majus, variegatum, three Inches long, otherwise almott a Palm pleno flore, foliis in ambicu argenteis. H.L.B. and a half long, narrow and flat, containing %\)Z greater boatP bartegateb ^tock^gtl* reddifh and foliaceous Seeds, of an acrid ip^flotuer, Jaittb a Double j^lobier, anD Tafte. Ileabes lflftl) Giber HBcjDerS. Mr. \ay obferved this Plant on the Moun-; 18. Leucoium pieno flore, album, fangui- tains of jfura and Saleva near Geneva , efpe- neis maculis fignatum. Eyfl . OTIjfte ^tOCk^ cially in moift Places, near Springs. It grows gtllP^floroer, toitb a Double ^Flotuer, .anD on the Tops and in the Holes of Walls, and ntarkeo tmti; blOODr S>poro. in the Cliffs of Rocks. It flowers in April. 15?. Leucoium pleno flore, album, purpu- 22. Leucoium vernum, perenne, alburn, reis maculis fignatum. Eyfl. OTbtte 5>tOCk^ minus.- %\)£ fntall Denial, perennial, gillyflower, tuftlj a Double jflobaer, anD §>tock^gtllp^floibeu ntarkeD luttb purple ^pots. 23. Leucoium Hefperidis folio. ^tOCk^ 20. Leucoium album odoratiffimum, folio gtliyftotoer btttl) a SDaUtee^OtOlet Leaf, viridi. C. B. Pin. 202. tttoft [XttZZU Glaflifolia Cichoroides J. Bauhini , & Turritis fmelltng^ OCk^gtliVJflower, tottb a green 2da clufio. J. B. 2. 836. Turrita major Pla- L-eaf. Leucoium hyemale, diu durans, flore teau. Club Hift. cxxvi. a'bo, folio viridi , & livido y glabro. ]. B. 2. It fends up many Leaves from the Roor,' 875. that are larger than the Leaves of common This Species has a Root that is divided in- Tovoer-muflard , fomewhat curled and finuated 10 many Parts ; with a Stalk that is green, about the Edges, but not quite fo rough, and 1 Kkk 2 of The Compleat Herbal,. of a fainter green Colour: Among which it fends up a Stalk, and fometimes more, ge¬ nerally two Cubits high, divided into fev.eral Branches ; along which are ftretcbed Leaves without any Order, embracing them with a very large Bottom, almoft like the Leaves of the Perfoliata filiquofa • On the Top of the Stalk it bears many Flowers, fomewhat lar¬ ger than the Flowers of the common Tower - muftard, fometimes of a paleifh wjhite Colour, and fometimes altogether fnowy $ to which lucceed long Pods, with one of the Seeds fomewhat thicker. The Root is white, thick¬ er and harder than the Root of the other, and has not fo many Fibres, is not lively, but withers the fecond Year after it has bore Seed* It is rarer to be met with than the com¬ mon Tower-mufta/d , and feems to delight more in the Shade. It flowers in dpril and May. $. Bauhinw asks, whether the Braffica fyl- 'veftris foliis circa, radicem Cicboracets. C. B. be not the fame Plant with this. And indeed, fays Mr. i^ry, when I diligently compared the Defcription of them both together, they feemed to be perfectly the fame. 24. Leucoium maritimum, minimum, Hif- panicum, vernum, foliis Erucae. ftttaT left maritime, bernal, S>pm(b ^tock* fitllp^flotter, ttitl) Socket Leases. Leucoium maritimum, finuato folio. c. b. pin. 201. Maritime §>tock^iHp* Hotter, ttttl) a fmuaten Leaf. Leucoium maritimum , latifolium, J. B. 2. 875* Leucoium marinum , majm. Cluf. Hift. 298. This Stockrgillyflower has broad; ftiff, hairy, and deeply jagged Leaves, which are bored through by the Stalks. The Flowers ftand upon Stalks a Palm or a Palm and a half bigb, and are of a purplifh blue Colour. The Pods are much fhorter and fmaller than ibofc of common Wall flower, taper, and containing little oblong taper Seeds. From whence Morifon would conclude, that this Plant rather belongs to the Dames-violet than to the Stock:gillyflowers. It loves to grow near the-Sea. It grows likewife on the Declivities of Mount Capou - ladon among the Rocks, and flowers in the Spring, in a Place called las Cambrettes. 26. Leucoium maritimum, candidutn. C. B . Pin. 201. maritime j&toctegttlp.; flotter. Kesri marinum flore candido. Lob. Icon. 332. You may fee the Figtae of this Plant in Lobely Gerarde and Cluflus ; and that which immediately preceeds is thus defcribed by Barkinfon, This Sea Stock gillyflower has feveral long, thick, whitifh, foft Leaves, lying upon the Ground, one within another in a round Com- pafs, and are (lifter than the other-Sea Kinds, or the Garden Kinds already fee forth ; jag¬ ged alfo or cut in on both Sides evenly, into deep Dents like the Knaggs of Buks-horn, ' which makes it look the more beautiful; Thus doth it continue for the firit Year ; but the next Year it bears a hoary white Stalk, a- bout three Foot high, branching forth into many Divifions, pretty thick, but weak, fcarce able to ftand upright, whereon grow narrow Leaves, little or nothing jagged a- bout the Edges, and a Number of Flowers at the Top one'above another for a good Space, each of them confiding of four broad pointed Leaves, but not quite fo fweet as the other Stock-gillyflowers , yet fomewhat larger, and of a blueilh purple Colour, al¬ moft like a Dove or Crane Colour ; after which come fuch like long Pods as the reft have, with Seeds lying in a double Row in the fame Manner, larger, and of a darker Colour. The Root is white, hard and Jong, fpread into many Branches, which abides not after it has yielded Seed, but periihes as the other Sea Kinds do. 27. Leucoium Jureum, maximum, foliis tuberculis obli^is. C. B. Pin. 202. greateft pellott ^rock^tllp-flotta*, tuufj Ucabes full cf little feobs? o; Jmotg. Flos Cheiri EyftettenfiSy maximtts . 28* Leucoium luteum, magno flore. C. Bin. 202. flMalLAotttr, ttu!) a large ^lotttr. Flos Kjiri [implex , medius . Eyft. This Species differs from the common Wall-flowery in Bignefs and Colour, becaufe it refembles a little Shrub full of Branches, and t ,31 over green. It has larger, green and fhrning Leaves ; large Flowers, (fo that one of its Leaves is almoft as big as the whole Flower of the common Wallflower ) which are very fweet-fmeH’d, and of a brighter yel¬ low Colour, [_Parkin/on fays of a brighter gol¬ den Colour.] and the Spike of Flowers is much larger than in chat, and the Flowers are The Compleat Herbal. are neither fo foon withered or (hrivelled. The Pods are thicker and fhorter, and end in a firsall Poinr. Ic is more tender than the common Wall-flower, nor does it wanton 10 much in its Branches, nor dees it fo eafily take Root and propagate by its Branches or Shoots; Nor does it eafily bear our Winters, unleft flielter’d from violent Gold. C. Bauhinus makes the Leucoium luteum maximum foliis tuberculis obfitis , which im¬ mediately preceeds this, to be a diftincSl Spe¬ cies from it, whofe Flowers, fays he, are broader than a Dollar. ^And J. Bauhinus fees down another which he calls Leucoium luteum arborefeens^ whofe Flower comes to be as big as the Coin which they call Julius, tho* he never faw any of that Bignels him- felf. But Mr. Ray will not allow any fpe- cifick Difference betwixt thefe Plants. 29. Leucoium luteum, ferraro folio, flore grandiore. C. B. Pin. 202. OT&lMOtOer, tuft!) a oenteti lleaf, ano a large jflofter. This is the Leucoium luteum moneanum ahum of Pona ; and the Kfiri Jive Leucoium mon- tanum luteum of Parkjnfon. This Plant rifes with feveral upright, firm, ligneous Stalks, fometimes exceeding the Heighth of a Man ; befer with fliort, greeny (harp-pointed Leaves that are dented round the Edges. The Flowers are (ingle, larger than the Flowers of the common Kjiri, and a& fweet-fmelled. The Pods are fmaller, and replenifhed with reddilh Seed. The Root is ligneous, fpread out into many Branches, and in the warmer Countries lives many Years. 30. Leucoium luteum, vulgare. C» B, Pin. 202. Common OTalLftO&er* Leucoium luteum , vulgo Cheiri , flore fimplici. J. B* 2 » 872. Leucoium luteum. Dod. Pempr. 1 6c. Ic over-abounds with Roots, Shoots'or Branches, which are ligneous and whitifli, and are befec with thick-fec Leaves that are not tied to any Foot-ftalks, above an Inch in Length, and gradually widening from a narrow Bottom, being greenifh or whirifli, and that chiefly on the under Side, and are of a fomewhar acrid Tafte. The Flowers are numerous, yellow, and very fweet-fmell’d, but of an ungrateful Tafte, with fix pale Stamina and a PointaJ, that lie hid almoft in the Middle. To thefe fucceed long Pods, containing broad, reddilh Seed, of an acrid and bitter Tafte. 437 Ic grows every where in great Plenty upon Walls. 31. Leucoium luteum^ pleno flore, majus.' C b. Pin. 202. SO )t greater OTalMobaer, tUttl) a fcOttble Jflotuer. Leucoium luteum , pleno flare. J. B. 2. 873* Leucoium flore luteo % pleno , majus . Eyft. This does not feem to differ in Specie from that with the fingle Flower but only in Cul¬ ture ; for fome affirm, That if the render Plant be often tranfplanted before ic has bote Flowers, it will change the fingle to a double Flower; from whence it appears, that this is owing to Care and Culture. 32. Leucoium flore pleno, minus. C. B, Pin. 202. Ktyz letter trouble^fiotoereu tS^all;*f!otOet. Viola petrxa^ iutea , multiplex. Tabern. Icon. 3 06. 33- Leucoium luteum, flore pleno, patulo.’ MalLflo&er, toit}) a trouble, fp^eatung jfloluer. K?* r { fiu Leucoium luteum , alterum > flore plena » Raii Hift. 782. The Flowers in this are not ranged Spike- falhion as in the preceeding ones, but fpread more into Breadth, fo that they all blow at one and the fame Time, and not gradually one after another, as in the former Kinds 5 and are of a paler Colour. 34. Leucoium majus, flore pleno, ferru-' gineo. %\)t greater WalMoboer, tmtlj a tumble Jflotoer of a tttttp Colour. Jive Leucoium luteum , majus , flore pleno ferru* gineo. Park. Parad. 257. The Flowers are not much larger than thofe of the common Watt-flower with a dou¬ ble Flower, but they are of a deeper Dye, the back Part of the Leaves being of a brown- ifli red Colour, from whence they appear as if they were variegated. Mr. {{ay fays, He has often feen this in the Gardens of the Cu¬ rious ; and that it is much valued for its beau¬ tiful Flower. 35. Leucoium majus, flore pleno, ex pur- pareo colore Sc aureo varium. Hor. Par. greater smallholder, tm'tb a Sterner bariegateo lottlj a purple a no a goloett Colour. 36. Leucoium anguftifolium, 7 Aipinum,' flore fulphureo. H. ^ Par. J&m' 0 & 4 eab’O Mallhobier of tbe alps, lottl) a JBjtm* Sone^colouret* jflotoer. 37. Leucoium Creticum, montanum, mi¬ nimum, flore Ivueo* nunc pleno, nunc fim- 43^ .Tta Coinpleat Herbal. plici. S 3 )t fntaHeffi mountain tM&lh fiotner of Canup, tint!; a velloln Rioter tljac is fomettmcs (merle, ana (omtctme* mm e. 38. Leucoium lutcum, Graecum* faxatile, humiliuf. Mock MnlMotner* 39. Leucoium orienule, Elychryfi folio. £D;imtal MalLflctBer, tel; a (Sol&tlocks 3 lcaf, 40. Leucoium crienrale, fiiiqua eleganter lunara. ^rental ^talWiotor* Xuidj a #o& beattttftiHp peakcih 41. Leucoium orientale, Juteum, foliis dentatis, fiiiquis planis. ^DjiCItCal ffltelD flower, fern!; temots 3 lcancs ano (moot!; The Greek, Word tevx,oiov is given to all thefe Species, not becaufe of their Flowers, which differ very much in their Colours, but becaufe of their Leaves, which are white and hoary ; and this may bedifeovered from Diofcorides himfelf, who feems not.to be de¬ termined in naming feveral Plants by this Delignation from the Flowers, bur only from the Leaves. Now Leucoium fignifies a white Violet ; and the Antienrs gave the Name of Violet to many Plants, that have another Name with the Moderns. And Pliny fays. That in bis Time the Name of Videt was given to very many Flowers that were put into Garlands, for the Sake of their Beauty and fweet Smell, Cuftom prevailing above Reafcn- Galen allures us, That the Sea StockcgMy- flowers are of the fame Quality with thole of the Garden Kind ; only that they have not fo fweet a Smell ; and are almoft efteemed as effedual as the ordinary yellow Leu¬ coium or Wall-flower^ they being of a clean¬ ing Quality and fubtle thin Part?. The Garden Stock-gillyflowers , but efpeeiaUy their dried Flowers, . rather than the frelh and green, boiled in Wine, and the Deco&ion drunk, rectifies the Indifpnfiuon of the Liver and Reins, provokes the Coarfes, and cures the Hardnels and Pains of the Mother, ex¬ pels the Secundims or After-birth, and the dead Child, nay, and the living One too, iays Galen, if it be drunk after the Child is *quick : A Bath made for Women to fit in produces the fame Eftedf, as does the Seed £>r Juice taken in a Draught of Liquor. If the fame Deco&ioh be drunk twice a-day, it will ftrengthen and reftore any Member become weak, ioofe, or out of Joint. The DecocSion of the Roots in Vinegar, is ac¬ counted good for the Hardnefs of the Spleen, ufed outwardly as wall as inwardly. The diftilled Water of the Flowers is available to all the Purpofes aforelaid ; and is faid to clearfe the Blood, comfort the inward Parrs, eafe Pains, and beget a chearful Difpofition. The Juice dropped into the Eyes, cleanfes and dears them from Mills and Clouds, and fuch Films and Skins as begin to grow over them, and take away the Sight. The De- co&ion of the Flowers mixed with fome Honey and a little Alum is found to be a good Gargle to cure Ulcers and Sores in the Mouth ; and is alfo proper for all other old and filthy Ulcers in any other Parr. The Flowers of Wallflower, fays Galen f confift of fmali and fubtle Parts, they difcufs and cleanfe, are good to comfort the Heart and Nerves ; they alleviate and mitigate Pains, provoke the Terms, expel the After¬ birth, and bring away the Foetus ; and there¬ fore rhey are ufed in tbofe Medicines which the Greeks call p&optet, i» e. that accelerate^ and facilitate the Delivery. The Conlerve of the Flowers, the diftilled Water, and the Infuifion of the Flowers in Oil are in Ufe; which laft prevents an A- poplexy, cures the Palfy, and is an excellent Anodyne in Wounds and Inflammations of the nervous Patts, as alfo in the Difeafes of the Womb_, inwardly applied. P^eufnerus tells us in his Obfervations, Ob - ferv. 2. That the Bilhop of Trent made Ufe of the Flowers of IQiri taken in bis own Water,-againlt the Apoplexy and Palfy, with good Succefj. Mr. T ournefort fays. That the common Wall-flows? it bitter, and has an herby faltifti Talte, and that it pretty much reddens blue Paper. By a Chymical Analyfis it yields, befides feveral acrid Liquors, fome volatile concrete Salt, abundance cf Oil, and a good deal of Earth ; and thus this Plant is full of Sal ammoniacky of Sulphur, and of earthy Parts. 1 he Flowers are chiefly in U(e to provoke Urine, and to open the Obftruitions of the Vifcera or Bowels: Their Infufion cures the'Green-ficknefs, provokes the Terms, and The Compleat Herbal . 439 and cures the Palfy. The Oil of the Flow¬ ers of Wallflower, made by Infufion, is reio- liuive, and good for the Rbeumatifm. TABLE CIX. ' GENUS III. Hefperis, Datneg-lHOlet, or Eocfcet* D SIntCS^tKClCt is a Plant with a Flower in Form of aCrofs A, confiding of four Leaves B : Out of whofe Flower-cup C, rifes the Pointal D, which afterwards turns to a long, taper, cylindrical Fr-uit or Pod EF, which is divided into two Cells by an intermediate Partition G L, to which the im¬ bricated Valves H I, M N, do adhere on both Sides ; and furnifhed with oblong Seeds, which are as it were cylindrical K, or glo¬ bular O, and neftle as it were in the little Furrows of the intermediate Partition. The Species of this Plant are, I. Hefperis hortenfis, flore purpureo. C. B. pin. 202. €>arhen fcritl) a purple Rioter. Hefperis flore purpureo. ]. B. 2. 877* Viola hyemalis, purpurea . Ta- bern. Icon. io8* * This Plant has feveral fmall, ligneous, and white Roots; fending up taper, hairy Stalks, a Cubit, and a Cubic and a half high ahd better, and full of Pith in the Middle ; on which are fet Leaves refembling thofe of Upcket, only they are not fo much jagged, dented round the Edges, (harp*pointed, hairy, of a dark green Colour, and a fomewhat acrid Tafte, four Inches long, and Handing upon ftiort Foot-ftalks. Out of the Wings of the Leaves break forth little Branches, on which, and on the Top of the Stalk, Hand Flowers refembling Wall-floveer in Shape, of a very fweet Smell, confiHing of four Leaves, fomeumes of a white and fometimes of a pur¬ ple Colour, and fometimes variegated with purple Spots blended with white, and Hand¬ ing upon Foot-Ha!ks above half an Inch long. The Pods are long, confiHing of two Cells, that are parted by an intermediate Mem¬ brane, and contain an oblong, reddifh and acrid Seed. 2* Hefperis hortenfis, flore candido. C. B. Fin. 202. dPar&en ©smes^iclet, toift a fine tuljtte jflotuer. Hefperis flore albc. J. B. 2. 877. Viola HyemaUs, flore albo. Tabern. Icon. 308- 3. Hefperis hortenfis, flore viridi. U F. Pm. 262. dDtetfcen S^antc^Piolet, tutclj a green Jflofter. Hefperis hortenfis , flore vi¬ ridi, feu abortivo. Mor. HiH. Oxon. Part. 2. 2$I. This Species differs from the FirH in Big- nefs in all its Parts, 4nd has a green Flower without any Smell, j*. Bauhinus gathered it in a Garden at Bafil. Mr. Ray thinks that it is only a degenerate Species of the FirH, fpringing up from a Seed. 4. Hefperis flore 'purpureo, pleno. H. R- Par . 2Dame^biotet, tint!) a nottWe pup pie Softer. 5. Hefperis flore plenc, albo. H. R. Par ; JDame^DtoIet tot£l) a 0mtbIetoI)Uei?lD^ Ct, Viola matronalts flore multiplies. Corn* 2I0» 6. Hefperis hortenfis, flore vario, pleno. ii. l. B. (®ai*uen SDames^toIct, tottlj a Sotthle badega.eu j?Iofter. 7. Hefperis montana, pallida, odoratiflr ma. c. B. pin. 201. y&nti mountain JEDameg^iclet, fcutl) a uerp ttneet &meIL Hefperis colore ineleganti. J* B. 2. 879* fperis I ma. Cluf. Hilt. 2pd. It rifes a Cubit high, and is difiributed into many Branches, which are furrounded in a confufed Order by Leaves refembling thofe of the Viola matronalis , but fomewhat broader and thicker, of a fouriih Tafte at firft, but afterwards acrid and making the Mouth water. The Flowers ftand upon ob¬ long Footftalks on the extreme Branches, with Leaves fiiaped like thofe of S toe ^gilly¬ flower or Dames-violet , nor expanded, but turned inwards, of a very ugly and obfolete Colour, i. e . pale dark and dusky, with numberlefs fmall Veins of a dark purple Co¬ lour eroding one another on every Leaf, of no Smell at all in the Day-time, or fo little that the Nofe can hardly diftirguifh it, but in the Evening of a moft agreeable and fweec Smell. To the Flowers fueceed long and brawny Pods, as in the common Sort, but aimoH 4*0 The Compkat Herbal. almoft quadrangular ; in which is contained reddifh Seed, like the common Dames-violet Seed. The Root is fibrous, and at raoft doe$ not continue above two Years, but after the Flower's are vanifhed, and the Seed ripe, it commonly periflies : But if the Stalks be cut down, and it is not fuffered to bear Fruit, it fometimes produces new Shoots. Clufm found it growing wild, and loaden with Seed in June on Prelbnbergy a Hill near Hamburgh, and in that Part of Hungary which lies next to Auftria . Such of them as are raifed from Seed ufe to vary very much in the Colour of their Flowers, fome of them retaining the Parent Colour, whilft others of them acquire either a faint pale, or a more obfolete Colour ; but all of them have their Leaves interwoven with a vaft Number of Veins of a dark pur¬ ple Colour. 3 hhnfton upon Gerarde thinks that this Plant dees not differ in Specie from the Leu - coium melancholicum horti Eyftettenfis , fince both the Flowers and the Pods of that agree to the Defcripcion of this, and the Leaves and Stalks do not much differ. 8. Hefperis fylveftris, inodora. C. B. Pin. ho2. mnfabo$ tails SDames^nolet. Hep peris Pannonica inodora. ]. B. 2. 878. Hefpe - vis 34. Cluf. Hift. 179. This Plant rifes a Cubic high, and bears two Sorts of Leaves: The lowermoft from a fmall narrow Neck prefently turn broad, and at laft end in a Poinr, being furnifhed with finuared Nerves : Others of them adhere to the Stalk by their broad and feffile Bot¬ tom ; and both are dented, hairy, whiter and fofter than in our common Dames-violef * The Flowers are of a faded white, or pur- plifh Colour, but fliaped like the reft, and together with the following brawny long 'Pods, and reddifh Seed agree with our com¬ mon Dames-viclst . Clufius affirms, That it differs from the common Sort only in the Smell of the Flow¬ er, which is none at all in this Species, fo far as he could difeern. Ir grows every where at the Bottoms of Mountains, and on the Borders of Vineyards fruited on Hills about Vienna. It flowers with the common Kind in May and June. p. Hefperis peregrina, flliquis articulatis. b, pin . 202 . jtyeign Sitimfctiolet, tottlj foinses Hefpnts Syri ac a. Cam.’ Hort* Tab. xix. J. B. 2. 87 P- The Leaves are nine Inches long or fome- 1 what lefs, a Palm broad, very rough and hairy, {landing upon long Foot-ftalks, much larger than the Leaves of the Hefperis fiore obfoletOy and fomewhat firtuated about the Edges. The Flowers (land upon fhorter, but thicker Foot-ftalks, fliaped like the Flowers of the common Hefperis, but of a tawny and duskifh Colour, having many fmall Veins running along their Leaves, very fweet-fmeJl*d in the Night, but of no Smell at all in the Day-time. To thele fucceed very long Pods, bending backwards and full of Swellings, much thicker than thofe of Dames-violet , with a Flower of an obfolete Colour : The Seed is fomewhat thicker $ and the Root not un¬ like. Clufius fays; it grows on Hills and riling Grounds in Syria. Par/{infon finds Fault with C. Bauhinus for making the Hefperis Syriaca and the Leucoium melancholicum to be one and the fame Plant* Others affirm. That the Leucoium melancholicum and the Hefperis montana prima Clufii are the fame Plant. And indeed the Hefperis Syriaca and the Hefperis montana Clufii differ but very little, except in Bignefs. For the Syriaca feems to be a much more thriving Plant, having larger Leaves, thicker Stalks, and larger Flowers, exa< 5 Uy of the fame Colour, fmelling very fweet in the Night, and having no Smell at all in the Day-time : The Pods much thicker, and the Seed a little thicker. But perhaps all thefe Differences may be owing to the Difference of the Soil and Climate. 10. Hefperis allium redolens. Mor. Hift. Oxoh. Part 2. 252. 2D antes Anoiet tmel? ling of (SarftCft* AllUrid . Matchiol. 843. J.B.2.883. From a fmall, ligneous, white Root that fmells of Garlic!^ it fends up Stalks a Cubit and a Cubic and a half high, {lender, hairy, taper, channelled, and folid. The Leaves are at firll round like thofe of Ground-Ivy , but rpuch larger than they; then they are iome- what pointed, and dented round the Edges, being of a pale green Colour, fmoorh, (land¬ ing upon long Foot-ftalks, of a Tafte and Smell like Garlicky, but milder, placed at greater Diftances on the Stalks, and ranged in an alternate or no Order at all* On the Tops TTfr „■ . / r . , 77 >e Cotnpleat Herbal . 44.1 Tops of the Stalk and Branches ftand many little whitilh Flowers, confifting of four fmall Leaves (landing upon very Ihort poot-ftalks, in the Middle of which appear Chives of a yellowilh green Colour. The Pods are long and corner’d, confiding of two Cells that are parted by an intermediate Membrane, and contain oblong blackilh Seed. 11. Hefperis lutea, fiiiquis ftridUlfimis. SDames^bioIct, tottdj betp Crate anti Draba lutea , fiiiquis ftritVjfunis . C. B* Pin. no* Arabis a qui- bufdam difta planta. Cam Epift. 342. Dr aba lutea quibufdam. ]. B. 2 . 87c* The Root is ligneous and white, fmallec than one’s little Finger, of a Tafte like Horfe-radifh , but not quite fo burning ; from which rife feveral upright ftiff Stalks, above a Cubit high, and branched ; on which are fee many Leaves alternately from Top to Bot¬ tom, all uniform, above three Inches long, and about an Inch broad, pointed from a fmall Bottom, by which they are joined to a little (hort Foot-ftalk, hairy, dented, and of a milder Tafte than the Root. The Flow¬ ers are like thofe of Hedge-muftard, confiding cf four Leaves, to which fucceed Pods con- raining fmall, long, reddilh Seed. It rifes fometimes to the Heighth of a Man. The Plant perifties every Year, but che Root remains. Bauhinus faw it green on the Mountains of ftjocetia, flowering in the Month of $une : And Mr. ftay tells us he has feen it often in moift Ground about Hedges/ in Italy ; and near Ppeijftnberg in Germany. 12. Hefperis Leucoii folio non ferrato v fi- Iicjua quadrangula. jDame^fctOlet Uatt| a illeaf not oentoo, ano a tjuanjanglilar Leucoium luteum , fylveftre , anguftifolium. C* B. Pin. 202- Leu- coium luteum , fylveftre , Clufii. ]. B. 2* 873. Leucoium fylveftre. Tabern. Icon. 310. 'This is the Keiri) five Leucoium luteum fylveftre Clufii of Parlfttfon. This Plant has many Leaves about the Root, like the Leaves of Wallflower, but narrower, green, of a birtenfti Tafte ; among which there rifes one, and fometimes more, Stalks, a Foot high and better, cornered, channelled, hollow with many Wings, and be fee with Leaves in the Shape of a Keel ; fuftaining many yellow Flowers, refembling Wall*flower, but fmaller^ and not fo fweet- fmelled. To the Flowers fucceed oblong Pods, as in the Garden Kind, full of fmooth Seed. The Root is long, whitilh, and fur¬ nished with many fmall Fibres. It is to be met with on thofe Mountains which are over the Baths at Baden , and in Leytenberg , efpecially in thofe rugged and uneven Places that are moft expofed to the font hern Sun. It flowers in May. f. Bauhinus fays, fome of the Leaves are finuated, not half an Inch broad, an Inch, and an Inch and a half, long; and others narrow, no-wife cur* and greenifh. When this Plant is cultivated in Gardens it grows one half broader and longer. 13. Hefperis Leucoii folio ferraro, filiqua quadrangula. SDantCS^loICt 8 SCUtCd ^tock^tllMolnei; 3leaf, auo a quah^ran^ $tilat ^0$. Leucoium luteum, montanum, fer- rato folio . C. B* Pin. 202. Leucoium luteum y fylveftre , P annonicum, ferrato folio obtufo & acuto. T. B. 2. 873. " Leucoio piallo , montano . Bald. leal. 232. It rifes with feveral upright, firm, ligneous Stalks, which fometimes exceed a Mans Heighth, befet with fhorr, green, fharp-point- ed Leaves, that are dented about the Edges. The Flowers are Angle, larger than thofe of the larger Kjiri , and as (weet-fmeii’d. The Pods are ftnaller, and full of reddifii Seed. The Root is ligneous, fpreading into many Branches, and in warmer Countries lively. 14. Hefperis filtqua corniculata, ftare ob- foleto. C. B. Pin- 202. ST'ame&^toIet initlj a ^Boti fijayou Rite a,©aITmomi, ano an obfolete jjplOtBCC* Leucoium corniculatum, fax at He y obfoleto flore. Col. Part* 1.262. This has a thick long Root, which is brownifti without^and white wiihin, and full of Nerves. The Stalk is half a Foot high, green and hairy, generally divided into two Wings; on the Top of which ftand Flowers placed alternately, like thofe of Stock gilly flower , with hairy Flower-cups, of an obfo- lete Colour, betwixt yellow and a purplifli green, having little or no Smell. To thefe fucceed Pods four Inches long, hairy, knotty, horned, bending towards the Ground, having fix or (even Seeds in each Cell* The Leaves ftand upon long Foot-ftalks, and are cut like Sea-poppy , or like the Stock-gMy flowers that grow in che Sands, harry and thick, like the L 11 Leaves 44 ^ The Compleat Uerhab Leaves of white Henbane, and of a difagree- able Smell. Such as (land upon the Stalk are fliorter, and are joined to it without a Foot- fiaik, and are' not jagged, but are ragged, gnd divided into great Dents, like Henbane, but four times fmaller, and broader where they adhere to the Stalks. It flowers in May, arid the Pods are ripe in June* The whole Plant, almoft, ,ha$ the fweetilh and burning Tafte of Horfe-radjfh , and a heavy Smell char is not difagreeable. t«$, Hefperis maritima, fupina, exigua. She loto, fmall, maritime ©ame^btoleL Leucoium tnarinum, pavum , folio virente, crajfujlu'c- j. B. 2.877* This Species has (lender. Stalks a Palm high ; and the Leaves that are fet on ic are thin-fer, tome of them above an Inch long, fomewhar (inuated, fucculenr, and thickifli, fmooth and green. The Flowers are pretry large for the Si2e of the Planr, and of a pur- plifh Colour ; to which (ucceed Pods about half an Inch long, or a little longer or (horter, as it happens, containing fmalireddilh Seeds, but not flit. 16. Hefperis fylveftris rarvo flore. C. B. pin . 202. ProJr* 103. OTtlb SDnm^jicIe:, Loftij a fmall jHofter* This is the Hefperis fylveftris anguftifolia flore parvo of Parkin- fon. The Leaves of this fmall Hefperis are nar¬ rower and longer pointed than in the com¬ mon Sorts, not quite fo rough, and deeplier cut in on the Edges. It has a Stalk about half a Yard high, branched towards the Top, and adorned with very fmall Flowers of a pnrplilh Colour, fo that one of thefe Flowers is not much bigger than a Leaf of the Flower of the ordinary Kind. The Pods that follow are long, buc much fmaller. 17. Hefperis maritima, anguflTolid, in- cana. ^adfinte, narrcliyleab b, ijoarp jSDamesybtolet. Leticoium maritlmum , an- puflifclium. C. B. Pin. 20r. }* B. 2. 876. Leticoium marinum , minus . Cluf. Hift* 2p8* From a thick, ligneous, white Root, at which hang feveral Fibres and feveral Heads, rife many (ingle and branched Stalks, which are nine Inches high, pretty firm, much fmal¬ ler than thofe of the Leucoium marinum max¬ imum of Par!{infon . The Leaves are fmall, fhort and white, having either no Dents, or but very gentle ones, and not fo thick as the other juft mentioned. The Flowers (land upon the Branches, and are fmaller than the other, of a very delighcful .red Colour, which becomes deeper when they begin to decay, like thofe of the common red Stock-gillyflower, and fmelling very fweet. To thele fucceed fmall and (here Pods full of copious, very (mail and reddilh Seed. It flowers in July and Augufl , the fame Year that it is (own, and then perifhes. 18. Hefperis Africans, villola, Acre cceru- leo. African, Ijatrv SDames^bioler., muly a blUC jHotUeC. Leucoium Africanurn , fl^re coerulco, latifolium , hirfutum . H. L. Bar. Ip. Hefperis peregrins, .foliis denratis, fio- ribus variis. ^rojetgn SDameS/blolef, ttUil) nertten Leaner, anb bacfcu^colcureb jHol&erS. Leucoium peregrinum , dentatis foliis , fioribus purpureo ccerukis & variis . H. R. Monfp. 20. Hefpetis Lufiranica, anguftifolia, Folio den aro, purpurafeenre flore. ^OittlgUCfe, itarroltyleab tiS^ame^btoIet, uml) a bent* eb Leaf, anb a purpltffi j^toer. 21: Hefperis Hifpfnica, fdlus incifis, (ili- qua lunara. g>panift EDame£4nolec, tnitlj cut Leabeg, anb an Ijorncb ^3ob. 22. Heiperis maritima, Jatifolu, filiqua tri- cufpidi. BjoabTeab’b, maritime SDamesy btolet, trsttl) a tl^ee^potntb ipob. Leucoium marinttm. Cam. Horr. Tab* 24. Leucoio affi¬ ne Tripolium AnguilLrae, & Leucoium mariti- mum Camerarii. J. B. 2* 876. 23. Hefperis Sicula, frurefeens, filiqua tri- cufpidi. &tdltan, fi^ub SDame^btoIer, fcml} a tlj^pofftteb Leucoium mi¬ nus, fruticans, purpureum , montanum, cruci- gerum. Bocc. Muf. Parr. 2. 148* Tab* m. 24* ‘Hefperis Sicula, Coronopi folio, filiqua tricufpidi. Sicilian SDamecyblcfet, bottl> a i?uck^ljom Leaf, anb a dpee^potmeb ^Ob. Leucoium montanum , crucigerum, Ccro - nopi folio, Bocc. Muf. Part. 2* 14& Tab. 111, 25^ Hefperis Africans, major, flore coe- ruleo, Coronopi folio, %%Z gttatec can ^ame^bioICi, tmtb a blue Rioter, anb a Leaf. Leucoium Afri¬ can tim, cceruleo flore , angufto Coronopi folio , majus. H* L. Bat* 26. Hefperis Africans, minor, flore cce¬ ruleo, Corooopi folic. fmaller 3fri^ can SDamesAnoIer, initb a blue jrlouer, anb a JlSUCfcMjOjn Jleaf* Leucoium, Afri- canum y The Compleaf Herbal. AA'i lanum , c&ruleo ft we] angufto Coronopi folio , and Damask-violet, Queens Gilly-flowers, and minus . H. L. Bat. fome, Rogues Gilly flowers ; u why, ic is 27. Hefperis maririma, fupina, exigua, ihoc eafy to determine. foliis Erucae vel Jacobean. loU, All the Sorts of Hefperis are hot and biting ntatitUttC SD&tttCS^btClCt, txsitf) Socket OJ totbeTafte, likei^c^; and therefore Do- HagtJJOJt 31r0ati0& doneeus thinks they may be Species of it, be- 28. Hefperis Chia, faxatilis, Ceucoii folio ing fo like it both in Tafte and Qualities* ferrato, flore parvo. SDHUt0?!^bto!p£ He fays that the diftilled Water is very effe- tJf Cl)tO£, ItSttl) ft dual to procure Sweating. Clufius further gCti Heafj SUD a fulfill .jHoUCt. adds, That it provokes Urine, and relieves 25?. Helperis orientals, maritima, I.eucoii fuch as have a Cough, or are fhort-winded. folio incano, floribus variis. ^tental, It is alfo of a cutting Quality for tough ICtifmeSDamesi^toIet, Uitlj a Ijoat]? Phlegm, of a digefting Quality for raw and gtllMolaoer Jleaf, ant* tiaetegateb ifloU^ indigefted Humours, and of acleanfing Qua- C?gf.~ " lity for foul and fthy Cankers, Ulcers and 30. Hefperis orientals, maririma, Leucoii Sores, either inwardly in the Mouth, or ouc- foiio inrano, fore minimo. ^DffCUtfil, lHa^ wardly in any Part of the Body. nnmeDame^biolC^tUtill a ijoarp^toef^ The 10th Species, which is called in Eng* gtHp^flDiucer L.eaf, a ns a uerp fmall Hfb , jack b ^ Hedge , or Sauce alone , is jfflQUCr* . uled for Sauce and Seasoning. It is ufed. by 31. Hefperis orien-alis, Lcucoit folio, fill- the Country People to feafon their fait Meat, qms corniculatis 8c interns. |®jigUtal When it is green and frefti, it is faid to pro- J^aUtCSAUOlCt, toill) a ^tocl^gtllp/flotucr voke Urine ; and when dried, it is thought 3Lcaf, arJD tDtttljCU auh ctcokcu lfo£0. a good Antidote againft Poifon, if boiled in 32. Hefperis orienralis, Elichryfi folio, Wine. The Powder of it mixed with Rofin Acre lineo. ^Ductltftl 2D$IU££Vbt£sl£t, tetfl) and Edoney, is good againft sn inveterate a 0o!tn!OCk8 licaf, auQ a VCllOttf jHDUfG Cough. Steeped in fliarp Vinegar, and ap- ' 33. Hefperis orienralis, Glafti folio. £D2U plied to a gouty Part, it cafes and foftens the ratal 2 Dah‘cMnDlct, Until a OTcaulleaf* Pain. 34. Hefperis orienralis, GLfti folio, fore Ic has a lingular Venue of refilling Purrs- magno violaceo. i^ffcnfsl faeftion ; for which Reafon the Herb it felf, Uttlj a QSHoah IlCaf, anh a large ^Uoiet^ with Honey and its Juice thickened, are put colours jHoUCG into Cataplafms and Ointments againft the 35. Helperis orienralis, Srordioides, He- Gangrene, and other putrid aud malignant derai terreftris folio. £D2t£Uta1^jDcfUC^ Ulcers. Uolet, refembltng fDCJUhtUUT, Uul) a The Seed made up into a Plaifter, and laid <£>20tinU4UP lUaf. to a Womans Privities, cures the Suffocation Hefperis differs from Leucoium «in its cy- of the Womb, lindrical Pods, and fwelling Seeds, which Camerarhis fays, that the Decodlion of this are not brimmed, and neflie as it were in the Herb in Oil and Water, cures thofe who are Furrows of the intermediate Partition. troubled with an Afthma. Ic is called Hefperis , becaufe ic ftrikes the Some boil the Leaves of this Herb, and Nofe with a grateful and agreeable Smell put the Decotflion, as one Ingredient, into- chiefly in the Evening, but breathes little or Glyfters, againft the Cholick, Stone, and no Smell at all in the Day time j and this is Pains in the Kidneys. teftified both by T Jseophraftus and Pliny in As it refembles the true Scordium in its their Account of the Hefperis. This Plant goes Smell, fo likewife in its Vertues. G, Fabrt- by various Names ; for Tragus calls it Viola cius Hildanvs , Centur. 2. Obfcrv. 44. fays, dibit, and Perfica Hermolai: Gefner , Dodonceus, that the Juice of this Plant is an excellent and Lugdunenfis call it Viola Matron alls ; and Remedy for Gangrenes, and for putrid and Lchel, Viola Damafcena . Some call it Viola filthy Ulcers, as he had learnt by repeated Liberia five Hyemalis , and others, Viola 7 \dof- Experience. No One ought to wonder, chatelU . We in Englifh call it Dames violet , therefore, that fome of the A« dents, but L 11 2 efpecially 444 Ti&e Compleat Herbal. efpecially of the Arabian Phyficians, did ( green Colour, about two Inches Jong, and ' *' r * ‘ ’ above one Inch broad, pointed at the Ends, and broadeft in the Middle, little or nothing dented about the Edges, lying, round about the Head of the Rooc upon the Ground; from among which rife feveral rough and hairy Stalks, near two boot high, orderly be¬ girt with loch-like Leaves one above another on all Sides, but comparing them at the Bottom, which are narrower and longer- pointed than thofe below. Ac the Tops of the Stalks, which are feldom branched, grow many fmall white Flowers, as it were in a Tuft together, opening gradually, the lowed firft, producing long (lender Pods prefently after, which landing upright around the Stalks, before the uppermuft Flowets are blown, the whole Stalks lcok like fo many Pyramids, Steeples or Towers, from whence it took its Name. Thefe Pods contain fmall, brown and (harp-biting Seeds. The Root is compofed of many* white Fibres or Strings, feldom remaining after it has produced ripe Seed ; but fends up feveral new Plants before Winter, which continue till fuch time as they flower and feed the next Summer.* Mr. Hay tells us, he has feen it in four dif¬ ferent Places in England, i. In rhe Country about Norwich, in the Road betwixt the City of Norwich and Yarmouth , growing in Hedges. •2. About Slough , in the Road to London , up¬ on the Banks of Earth that are caft up there. 3* On Dorjl-hid, not far from Tamworth in Warwick-/hire. And 4. lately near Colche/ier in EjJeXj as you go up Lex den-bill, on both Sides of the Road. It flowers in $une ; and when the Seed is ripe, it withers, Root and Branch. 2.. Turrit is minor. Bot. Monfp. Entail SCotneivmuftai#. 3. Turriris vulgaris, ramofa. CottUttCtl iBandjen Cotcet^nMarb. Bur/a paftoris fimilisy fiiiqUcfa , major, feu majoribus foliis . C. B. Pin. ICR. Pilofella fdiquata. D. Thai. Tab. vii* Bmfa paft orja five Pilofella fiiirjuofa . J. B. 2 . S70. This is the Fat onychia major altera minor of Parkjnfon ; which he calls Codded. Moufc-ear. This Plant has a fmall and fibrous Rcoiv The Leaves are fpread along upon the Ground, being furniftied with Footftsiks fomewhat hairy, and fometimes finuated round. fometimes fubftituce Alliaria in the Place of the true Scordium ; not that they were igno¬ rant of Scordium but becaufe they found much the fame Vertues in Alliaria as they did in Scordium. Befides, there are many Coun¬ tries where the Scordium does not grow, and therefore cannot be got till it is dried and wafted, wheras Alliaria grows almoft every where. This Plant, fays Mr. Tournefort , is very bitter, and ftinks of Garlicky which difcovers to us, that it contains a Salt which has a great AfHoity to Sal ammonlack , mixed with abun¬ dance of Sulphur and Earth : Eor by a Chy- mieil Analylis, Alliaria yields, befides the acid Phlegm, a volatile concrete Salr, fome fixed Salt that is very lixivia], a great deal of Oil and E.mh* Cefdlpinus commends its Seed againft the Vapours : But this Author and Fabricius Hildanus fay, That the Powder of the Leaves of Alliaria cures carcinomatous Ulcers. Mr. Lemery fays, That this Plant contains a great deal of effential Salt, and Oil half exalted : It is cutting, attenuating and clean* Eng; it provokes Urine, is proper for refill¬ ing of Poifor?, and good againft the Biting infipidum. C« B. Pin. 105. Cardamine infipida . F. Gregorii Col. Part. 2. 69. This Plant has a very fmall fhort Root, and no Fibres at all. The Leaves are an Inch long, cut like the Leaves of Gummfucr cory , or Prickjy-mufiardy but rough and Jiairy, as is the Stalk, which is fmall, nine Inches high, divided at Top inro feveral Branches, producing very fmall Pods raifed upon long Foot-ftaiks, and growing alternately, abouc the Length of one’s Finger, and big ir* Proportion to the Planr, containing a fcnall Seed, as it were a Point made upon the Pod. There are many fmall white Flowers at Top refembling Nave ip Flowers. F. Gregory found this Herb upon a Bridge betwixt Ppfennahim and Ailing , in a Kind of fandy Plain ; and knew it by its infipid Tafte and Smell. 6. Turriris foliis inferioribus Cichoraceis caereris Perfoliate. £E0tm*muftar&, t»Ufc its tm&cr. Heaves like tljofc cf Ctdjo^v ana t\)z reft like tlje iteabes of tUat. Braffica fyiveftris y foliis circa radicem Cichoraceis . .C. B. Pin. 112. Sinapi album . Lugd. 1168. This is the Braffica Glafiifoliar Cichoroides of jF* Bauhinus . This Species has an annual Root, that is- pretty thick and white, fomewhat purplilh^ fibrous, and a little acrid. The Leaves thac firft appear before the Stalk riles, are partly jagged like the common Cichory , or Endive> and partly entire, grey, refembling the Leaves of VVcady oftentimes above a Palm long, and half an Inch broad, downy, of an acrid and bitter Tafte : But when they are come to Perfection (and fuch as grow on the Stalks} they have no Jaggs, are l'mooth, grey on both Sides, oblong, and unite lo with the Feathers of their Wings, that they look as if they were bored by the Stalk, and tafte like com¬ mon Colexvorc • The Stalk is (lender, half a Yard or a Yard high, of an herby Colour, with a certain Mixture of Purple, and' branched out into many long fmall Arm?. Out of the Wings and the top Branches come forth many Flowers joined together, upon Foot-ftaiks half an Inch long, of a faint Co¬ lour betwixt yellow and white, and of no manifeft Smell, confiftmg of four Leaves each, with as many furrounding them with¬ out, but much fmaUer and greenifo, ancp pointed: The Ccmpleat Herbal. pointed alfo^ whereas they are roundilh. In the Middle ftand many fafTron Stamina to¬ gether with a green Pointal. At laft fucceed long, upright, ilender Pods, in which the Seed is contained. It is to be found about Bafil, on the Sand Banks on the fthine, and elfewhere. y. Bauhinus asks, whether this is not the Turrita major five altera Clufii .? and indeed it feems to be the fame Plant. 7 Turrids annua, verna, flore purpuraf- cente. ftnnttal Denial ft)tt!) a Jlttpli® jHoftCr, Lcucoium mari- timum latifolium. C. B. Pin. 201. Leucorum maritimum Latifolium, flore cccruleo furfur ante* J. B. 2. 880. Leticoium tnarinum, cceruleo - furpureum. Tabern. Icon. 311. This Species has broad, It iff, and hairy Leaves that are deeply jagged, which are bored on the upper Side by the Stalks. The Flowers are of a purple blue Colour on Foot-ftalks a Palm and a Palm and a halflong. The Pods are much fhorter and fmaller than thofe of the common fVa/l-flower, arid taper 5 containing oblong, taper Seeds. It delights to grow on the Sea Shore; and it flowers early in the Spring, on the Decli¬ vity of Capou-ladon , in a Place called, las Cambrettes . Botan. Monfp, 8. Turrids annua, verna, flore albo. fctttal brntalCofte^mtiliars, ftrifjxa ftljtte jflcter. 9. Turrids Cretica, Bellidis foliis villoflf. Canny ’mitVj Ij^try ©afey 2Uabe£. 10. Turrids orientalis, foliis Cicharaceis dentatis, flore luteo magne. JCcftieivmuffarn, until sentea ^uccojy 3leaDes, anD a large yelloto jflofter. This Genus was not known to any of the antient Botanifls either Greek, or Latin , nor to any of the Moderns neither, before Label in his Dutch Herbal, Cluflus , Tabernxmonu- nus, and Gerarae .* Nor has any Author, that I know of, pretended to give any Account of their Vertues ; fo that we muft reft fatisfied with the bare Defcription, till fuen time as fome curious Perfon lliall think it worth his while to make Experiments about them : Only Mr. Lemery tells us, That they are cutting, opening, carminative, and fudorifick. And Larkinfon gives his Opinion, from the extream Acrimony and Bitternefs of thefe Herbs, and efpecially of their Seed, that thty are near akin to the Muftards, Crcjfes y Tblafpi's, and the like; and doubts not but they will work the fame Efte&s with them. TABLE CX. Fig. i. GENUS V. Cardamine, Lairteg-fmacfe, or Cucfcouj-flouw. a Plant with a Flower in Form of a Crofs A, confiding of four Leaves B : Out of whofe Flower*cup C, rifes the Pointal D, which afterwards turns to a Fruit or Husk E F, divided into two Cells, by an intermediate Partition G K, to which the Valves H I, adhere on both Sides, and generally full of orbicular Seeds L : To thefe Marks muft be added, Tflat the Valves H I, when they are ripe, turn up like a Screw or Spire, and force out the Seed with Vio¬ lence. The Species of this Plant are, 1. Cardamine pratenfis, magno flore pur- purafeente. $)eafcGftl CUCftOftLflclm, 02 3latuesTmock, ftntl) a purple JTofter. Naflurtium pratenfe , magno flore • C* B- Pin. 104. Iberis Fucbfti, five Nafrurtium pratenfe, fylveflre. J. B. 2- 88 p* Flos cuculi • Dod. Pempr. 592. From a pretty thick, white, lively Roor, furnilhed with many fm3H Fibres, fr fends up generally bur one Stalk nine Inches high, upright, taper, fmcoth, Arm, and as it were twifted, reddifh towards the Root ; and is divided inro Branches, on the Tops of which are many Flowers together, of a .white pup- plsfh Colour, large and lightly, cmfifting of four blunt veiny Leaves, in the Middle whereof ftand fix yellow Stamina with a Pointal, and refting upon Foor ftalks an Inch lpng : To which fucceed dark purple Pods, aimoft a Finger and a half long, or at ieaft above a Finger long, ftraighr, ftiff, a little flat, divided into two Cells by an interme¬ diate or intervening Membrane lengthwife, and containing a double Row of fmall long- ifh Seeds, of a greenifh yellow Colour. Thefe Pods I I '2a£ .Jto Cardamine Of Clufius. 'Nafturtium ending in a Point. It has fmall Flowers con* ! Alpinum , trifolium . C. B. Pin. 104. Iberidi filling of five Leaves, nodding, ranged as ic fuchfii affinity trifolia Cardamine. J,B. 2. 8po. were into a fiiort Spjke, ,green:fh never ex* It creeps upon the Ground with fmall panded, but compofed of five Leaves that meet, blackifh purple Branches, on which are fee and riling out of a fmall Flower-cup cut into always three Leaves on an oblong Foot- four Segments. To thefe fucceed the Podd flalk of the fame Colour, narrow near the confifting of two Cells, half a Finger Length, Foot-ftalk, but (broader and as it were or- ending in a Point, the Valves, when ripe, flying bicular towards the End, fomewhat jagged afunder with a Noife at the lead Touch, and round the Edges, at firft very tender and twifting themfelves as it were into a Screw, green, but afterwards hard, blackifh, of an after the Manner of their Fellows. Laft of acid Tafle at firft, but afterwards acrid, all follow the flat, oblong, yellowifli Seeds. Little taper Stalks break forth among the 1^. Cardamine Graeca, Cheiidonii folioj Leaves, being of a purple blackifh Colour, rarius Sc profundius incifo, fibre albo. deceit a Palm high, having none or but very few La&te^ftttOCk, tDttl) a CeTanUtiie Leaf, Leaves upon them, and thofe alfo in Threes, tljat Ijae? but tefe> attl) HCep a tThe Flowers, which are white, Hand upon tufyttC jHotECr. Naflwtium montanum, na - the Tops of the Branches, and are very like num, rotundo Thaliftri folio y Cyrnceum, Bocc. the Flowers of the Meadow La die sfmock* To Muf. 171. Nafturtium rotundo ThaliElri folio • rhefe fucceed knotty and oblong Pods, refem- Ejufd. Tab. 116. bling the Pods of Coralvport, and full of a like, . This Genus is called Cardamine^ becaufe but fmaller Seed. The Root runs along upon in Tafte it comes pretty near Cardamum y thaE the Surface of the Earth, and fhoots down is, Crefs . fmall white Fibres, fo that there may be Thefe Herbs are feldom ufed either in eafily planted from it Branches that are co- Sauce, Sailads, or Phyfick; tho* fome have yered over with Earth. reported that they are as effectual for the Clufius found it upon woody Mountains, Scurvy as iVatcr-crefs , and that they may and a naked rather than an herby Soil, at ferve inftead of it, when fVater-crejfes are the Roots of F/V/, and other very tall Trees, wantiog, or are nor to be got. and green the whole Winter. It flowers in Mr. Lemery informs us, that they contain Jttwe, and when cultivated, even in April. Abundance of Phlegm, Oil, and effentiai 14. Cardamine Africana, trifolia. Slfti? Salt; and thar therefore they are Opening, tfltt Nafturtium proper iipr the Stone and for the Scurvy. ' ‘ Mmnj TABLE 45© The CoMtpleat Herbal. Nafturtium Pyrintieum, afuaticum. Pat? Bar* From a whitifli Perennial Root capillated with many Fibres, rife Leaves fpread upon -the Ground, raifed, with ftiflf Wings, larger than the other Species, roundilh, eaten or gnawed as it were about the Edges, adhering by Couples to an intermediate keeled Rib, "s and oppofite to one another, with one very : large odd one at the End. It fends up Stalks Out of whofe Flower-cup C, rifes the Point- above a Span long, which are round, fome* al D, which afterwards turns t© a Fruit or what hairy, and ftriped towards the Top; Pod E, which is divided into two Cells by at the Tops of which come forth in a Sort of an intermediate Partition F, to which the a fpiked Series Flowers of a pale purplilh Co- Valves HG, adhere on both Sides; and fur- lour, confiding of four Leaves, large, with jiifhed with Seeds I, which are commonly yellowilh Stamina within, a pale green Flow- roundilh. To thefe Marks mud be added a er-cup cut into four Segments, and fup- Make and Appearance that is peculiar to the ported by fmall greenilh Foot-ftalks, which Species of this Genus. growing longer, differ and dronger after the Decay of the Flower, long Pods ftand upon The Species of this Genus arej them, gaping into two Valves with an inter- I. Sifymbrium aquaticum. Math* 487. mediate Membrane, and Ihedding Seed like Nafturtium aquaticum, fupinum. C. B . Pin. the other Species. (104. Sifymbrium Cardamine, five Naftur- It flowered in the Pbyfick Garden at Ley* tiuna aquaticum. B . 4. 884. This is the den in the Month of May, and bore ripe Nafturtium aquaticum vulgare of PArkjnfon. Seed in June* 3. Sifymbrium Eruae folio glabro, flore White capillary Fibres, which flioot down lureo. SifpntbjtUm tmrf) ft ftttOOtl) Socket into ,the Water from the Joints, fupply the 3 Uaf> anD a TCUotD jHotor. Eruca lutea , Place of a Root. The Stalks are oblong, latifoiia^Jive Barb.uta, C. B. Pin. 98. Bar* almod lying down flat, pretty thick, hollow, baea. ). B. 2. 868- Dod. Pempr. 712.' ftriped, fmoorh, branched, and green with a Winter Crff0. ftnall Mixture of red. The Leaves are green This Plant has a white, thick, oblong and and black-green, relembling Rocket Leaves, perennial Root, of an acrid Tafle. The compofed of two or three Conjun&ions of Stalks are a Cubit high, channelled, firm, Fins, with an odd one at the End* fmooih, full of Pith, hollow with many Wings ; on and tading like Garden Creffes , but milder, which are fee Leaves like thofe of Radijhi The Flowers on the Tops of the Sraiks and but fmaller, rhe ourmoft ]agg refembiing Branches are fmall, white, four-lea v*d, with the outermoft Leaf of Crefs , ihining with a yellow Chives in the Middle, which, becaufe black Greennefs, and of a more languid they blow gradually, run out as it were into Tade than the Root. From the Wings of long Spikes. To chefe lurceed Pods an Inch the Leaves towards the Tops of the Stalks long upon Foor-dalks half an Inch long, come forth very many fmall Branches, on landing out from the St*Ik, fomewhat crook- which, as alfo upon the Top of the Stalk* ed above, pretry plump, and filled with two dand fmall, yellow, fjur-leav’d Flowers, run-* j^ows of fmall yellow Seeds. ning out as it were into long Spikes; to It grows in (hallow Water about Fifii- which fucceed fmall taper Pods about an ponds and Brooks, and flowers with us in Inch long, lying clofe to the Stalks, and con- EngUnd in the Months ot July and Auguft, tairfing fmall reddifli Seed- The whole Plant and lomerimes fooner. is lmootb. The Flowers dand upon ftiort 2. Siiymbrium Pyrenaicum, latifolium, Foot-ftalks. pu purafeenre flore. 4. Sifymbrium Erucae folio glsbro, flore a purtUflj jflofcJtt* P 1 ^ imtfc armce;I)itoc&ec JUaf, TABLE CX. Fig. f, GENUS. VI. ©ifjmtijutm* 1 C^rpntbjtUUt is a Plant with a Crt & Flower A, confiding of four Leaves f ±Be Contpleat Herbal. 4^1 ®,eaf, anti a mouMe plotter. Eruca imea, five Barb area , fiore pleno. C. B. Pin. 99. The Leaves of rbis Species are imaller and more finuated ; the Stalks are alike j the pods thicker, and the Seeds bigger, not mute fo duskilh, but as it were whitifh: This Plant is likewife perennial, and may be ea- fily diftinguiftied from the jpreceedmg one by thefe Marks. You may lee it's Flower in Gardens to be.double. <. Sifymbrium Erucze fo io glabro* minus 3c praecocius. 2Dhe ftttaller aTib eatlt(t j&trpmtytum, trntb a fmootl) ttortet JLeaf. 6 . Sifymbrium Eruca; folio afpero, florc luteo. &tfvtnbnttm ttnA a rough Socket 3Leaf, ana a relloto plotter. Ltucoium iuteum E uac folio • C» B. Pin.-201. Leueosutn terreftre tnajus • Col. Part. 262. This Species has Flowers not unlike the Flowers of maritime Leucoium, which arc fweet-fmefled, and breathe the pleafant Smell of new Wax, biting to the Tafte, and grow as it were in Umbelis on the Tops of the Branches and Stalk. The Stalk is a little rough, round, a Cubit high, divided into thiee Wings, which, when the Flowers fall off their Foot-ftalks, fends forth many Pods that are ranged alternately on the Top, and refemble the Pods of Leucoiunu But the Leaves from the Root, which is above a Foot long, fplit in two or three Parts, and white, lie fcattered upon the Ground, and are above a Foot long, as well as thofe which are next to the Stalk ; but the firft Leaves are fmaller, lefembling the Leaves of Garden Hockse or wild ?oppy y in their deep Jaggs, being of a greenifli Colour, a little haiiy, foft, juicy, and of an acrid Tafte, as is the whole Plant. 7. Sifymbrium aquaticum, Raphani folio, fiiiqua breviore. Mater &tfrmbnum, Uttlj a ttabtlh 3 leaf, anti a (bo?t $ob. ftapha- nus aquaticum alter . C. B. Pin. Edit. 1.97. Prodr. 38. ftaphanus aquaticus ftapifiri folio . G. B. Pin* Edit. I. 97. ftapifirum aquaticum . Tabern. Icon. 408* R Sifymbrium aquaticum, Raphani folio variegato, fiiiqua breviori. Matet £&iCwt;? itfum, toith a barfepteb ftatrifb lleaf, a ffjOJt $00. ftaphanus aquaticus alter , foliis variegatiu H. R. Par. 9. Sifymbrium aquaticum, foliis in pro- fundas lacinias div.fis, fiiiqua breviori. Ma^ torit!) tut into jeep BlagP, ano a ffjoje poo. i^phanm aquaticus , foliis in profundas lacinias divifis. C. B. Pin. 97. Prodr. 38. This Plant has Sralks above a Yard high’ which are channelled, hollow, and reddiih. The Leaves are fometimes deeply jagged, ac other Times whole and only dented round the Edges, oblong, pointed and placed al¬ ternately on the Stalk. On the Tops of the Stalk and Branches ftand Flowers that are fmall in proportion to the Plant, four leav’d, out of a four-Ieav’d Cup, are yellow* and ftand upon fmall and lougiffi Foot-ftalks ; to which iucceed fmall fhorc Pods, flicking ouc from the Stalk, and making almoft right Angles with it. It flowers in the End of fane and Begin-, ning of ?«>, in watery Ditches and Rivu- lets. 9. Sifymbrium paluftre, repens, Nafturti* folio. Creeping #arfb Sufpmbjutm, mtk a Crefs ILcaf. Eruca paluftris & Nafturtii folio , fiiiqua oblonra . C. B. Pin. 98. Eruca paluftris minor* labern. Icon. 447. Eruca 4 u ; bufda*n t err efir is , repens , fifculo luteo • J.B.2.866. This Specifs has Stalks one or two Spans high, channelled, pretty full of Holes and reddifh ? on which are fet Leaves like thofe of Crefs or Hpcket, and cut in like Manner with frequent Divifures, broad on the lower Parts, of an oleraceous Tafte, and a blackifb green Colour. The Flowers are fmall, yel- lowifh, and four-leav’d, of an .acrid Tafte j* to which fucceed cylindrical Pods, ftiorter than thofe of ftocket^ and longer than thofe of Rdi/cw/* fylveftris Dod» with which they have a great Affinity, and containing fmall Seed. The Root, which is white, is a very great Creeper, and of a more infipid Tafte than ftadifh. To all this add, That the Lobes of the Leaves are dented round the Edges, as Ca* lumna well obferves j The Flower-cups to¬ gether with the Flowers themfelvs gape; That the Pods reft upon pretty long Foot- ftalks, that ftick out from the Stalk ; and that the Pods themfelves are crooked a little upwards. IO. Sifymbrium paluftre, minus, fiiiqua afpera. 2Che letter Sarfh &tfpmb?umt, bJttb a rough J& 00 . Sin a pi parvum , fiiiqua afpera* C. £. Fin. 99. Prodr. 41. Sinapi JM m m 2 MonfpeJ\ ^2 The Compteat Herbal. 'MonfpejTulanum i flliqua afpera, hhfuta* J. B* 2. 888. Immediately from a ligneous Root rife up a great Number of Leaves, pretty much re- fembling the Leaves of the fmaller locket, and acrid ; and among thefe feveral Stalks a Palm or even half a Yard high, divided into feveral Branches, with Flowers on them, which are fmall and yellow, and like the Flowers of Mujiard. To thefe fucceed thick- fet Pods an Jncb long, round, rough, fome of them attending up along the Stalks and Branches, and others ftanding out a great way from them, and as it were ftretched ftraight out, containing a very fmall reddifli Seed. Bauhinus found this Species in the Au¬ tumn between Montpelier and the Hill called iLfferon ; and Cher les found it betwixt Mont - fetter and the Baths of Balleruque in watery Ditche?. 11. Sifymbrium paluftre, minus, filiqua glabra. fntaller sparff) §>ttemb;ittm, 73 )iff) a fmoatl) POD* Slum tenuifolium 9 montanum luteum. Col. Part. I. 269. 12. Stfymbiium aquaticum, Abfinthii. frvi- noris folio. Water &ftetrib?iimt, fmaller Moimteotr luaf. Nafturtmm &- ‘•vefirey tenuiffime divfum . C. B. Piril I05. Seripbium G?rmanicum five Sophia quibtifdam. J. B. 2. 886. Sophia Chirurgorum ♦ Lob. Icon. 738. 13. Sifymbrium Creticum, Rapbani foliis eleganter diffedhs. CflrJ&V i^tfpnrb^UtlU, &ttl; Kaiulb Ileabesi cttrtouflp cut. 14. Sifymbrium orientale, Barbareae facie, Plantaginis folio. J®?tental &tfl ttlb jittttt, 3 mtl) tlje^ake of Winter Creffes, aut» a plantain Leaf. 15. Silymbnum orieruale, Barbareae facie, folio rotundo. £Djtental &i) mtyitmt, toith a Mincer Crete appearance, ana a rcttno ' 3lcaf 16. Sifymbrium orientale, aquaticum, ma- Ju*, 8c majore flnre, nequaquam amarum. great Ma.er oven al 3tni l) a large j^latuer, ano not at all bit; ter. 17. Sifvmbrium orientale aquaticum, ma- jus acre 8c unarum, foliis fubrorundis. 33Dbe S ealer oriental Mater, acrio aim bluer ujmbjium, bmJj rounbifl; ileabeje. This Genus is called Sifymbrium from & poc, becaufe this Plant loves to grow is» watery Places. The whole Plant, fays Mr. Lemery, con-i tains Abundance of eflential Salt, Phlegm^ and Oil. It is very opening and cleanfing, 1 proper to provoke Urine, 10 attenuate, to force the Stone from the Kidneys and Blad¬ der, for the Nepbthritick Dtltemper, for the Scurvy and Dropfy, being taken inwardly. The Water-creffes, fays Parkinfon , are hotter in *1 afte than Brool^lime y and more powerful againft the Scurvy, and to cleanfe the Blood and Humours, and generally for all other Ufes, for which Brool^lime is faid to be available, as to break the Stone, provoke Urine and the Terms. The Decodhon of the Herb is faid to-be good to Wafh foul and filthy Ulcers withal. The Leaves or the Juice are proper to be applied to the Face or other Parts troubled with Freckles, Pim¬ ples; Spots, or the like ; and taken away oc wafhed off in the Evening. Water-crefs is a Specific k againft the Scur¬ vy, in the Opinion of moft Pbyficians; and is likewife thought to be good againft the Stone: It provokes Urine, brings ^down the Courfes, and relieves fuch as are troubled with a Dropfy. Bay. It is belt to* make ufe of the Juice as it is frelh preffed or fqueezed out, and not thick¬ ened; nor is it neceflary, in order to get 2 right Spirit, to make ufe of any Fermenr/ fince a Water may be drawn from a great Quantity of frelh Crefs , adding Spirit of Wine to it, which turns ro a Spirit by Redli- ficanon in the Balneum Matt a. Of the firft Species Mr.Trurnefort gives the following Account. This Piant is acrid* and does not redden blue Paper almoft at all. It contains a Salt pretty much like the Oxy J fal diaphoreticum Angelr SaLc ; which is an alcaline Salt overfatuiated wiou bri an Hand¬ ful of it in lean Broth, or in ih£ Bn it* of ‘ ; Ciabfy ><'**»#• p *** 5 •. *** • «, » 5 . - «. *fhe Cowpleat Herbal . 4^5 Crabs* this Broth will purify the Blood, and relieve the Dropfical, the Scorbutirk, and the Hypochondriack. The Juice, the Extract, and the urinous Spirit of this Plant have the fame Vermes. Some affirm, that the Juice removes *he Polypus in the Nofe, and makes ic drop away, provided it be often wafhee with ir. The fame excellent Author gives us like- wife the following accurate Analyfis of the 12th Species ; This Plant has a fatie that is fomewhat aftringenr, but acrid, and comes pretty near the Talte of A iuftard. It reddens blue Paper a little. Sal ammoniaci\ prevails in this Plant, mixed with a great deal of Sulphur and Abundance of earthy Parts ; and is therefore vulnerary, deterfive, and febri- fugous. Cjfalpinus fays, That the Seed of it kills Worms : Tragus agrees, that it ftops a Dyfentery or bloody Flux, and all other 'Sons of F uxes. A Dram of it is prefcribed in Soup 'or a Flux : The Juice, or the Plant it felf macerated and rold has the fame Ver¬ tues. The Juice, the Conferve, nr the Ex¬ tra^ of the leaves and Flowers are proper for Spitting of B ood, for the Whites, for the immoderate Flux of the Piles or the Terms. This Plant applied externally, cures Wounds, and cleanles Ulcers. The third Species, which we had almoft forgor, is like wife a good Remedy for the Scurvy and the Dropfy. It is ufed in Broths, in Ptifans, and in Apozems. It is aif® drunk like Tea. TABLE CXI. GENUS VII. Dentaria, CootStBOJ^ is a Plant with a Flower in **■* Form of a Crofs A, confifting of four Leaves B : Out of whole Flour-cup C, riles the PointaFD. which afterwards rums to a Fruit or Pod E F, which is divided inro two Ceils by an intermediate Partition G, to which the Valves HI, adhere on both Sides, and is Furnifhed with Seeds K, that are com¬ monly roundifh. To thefe Marks we mud only add, That the Valves HI, when ripe, 1 wilt up like-a-Spire or Screw and dilchaige the Seeds with Violence; but that the Roots are flefhy, fcaley, and cut in as it were wiib Teeth. The Species of StODtljttlOlt are,' I. Dentaria heptapbyllos. C. B. Pin. 322.’ atftr Coralloides alte - ra y five fiptifolia. J. B. 2. 8 pp> Viola dentaria^ altera . Dod. Pempt. 162. From, the Root fpring up feveral Leaves; fomerimes five, but generally feven, grow¬ ing to a long Rib, ranged after the Manner of Afh Leaves, i. e. fo that two always ftand oppofite to one another, an odd Leaf poffeffes the utm®ft Point of the Wing, ail of them dented round the Edges, of a fainter green Colour than the Dentaria pentaphyllos y and hoary underneath. The Stalk, which is a Foot high and round, is adorned with two or three Wings of Leaves, nor unlike thofe which rife from the Roor; ©n the Top of which ftand Flowers of the fame Size with thofe of the Dentaria pentaphyllos y but of a fine white Colour : The Pods which follow are alfo alike, and contain like Seed. The Root is not fo fcaley as that others Root, and has a few thick Fibres hanging at it. It grows in great Plenty on the Mountains of jfu-a and Saleva. 2. Dentaria pentaphyllos, foliis mollion-' bus. c. B. pin. 322. SCootfj* lHOJt. feritt) fofeer lUaftCS. Dentaria quin - quefolia. J. B. 2. pOO. Viola dentaria , p ima* • Dod. Perupt. 162. Dentaria \\\ y pentaphyllos 2 u Cluf. Hift. exxii. From a knobby Root that is parted into a great many Joints, and furnifhed with feve* ral fmall Fibres coming forth betwixt the Joints, rife feveral Leaves fupported by long Foot-fialks, divided into five deep Jaggs that reach to the very Fodr-ftalks, dented round * the Edges, foft ana fmoorh to the Touch,' and of a deep green Colour. The Sralk is above a Foot high, and round, furnifhed with fome Leaves that refemble the others j bearing on its Top five or fix Flowers, like thofe of the Dentaria hulbifera, but of a fome¬ what deepe.r purplifh Colour, fuch almoft as is in the Flowers of the Bulhonach . To thefe fucceed longer Pods-full of Seed like that of the Den aria triphyllos . Mr. Pay obferved this Plant growing in great Plenty on the Top of Jura $ and Cluf its law - 4^4 Tfo Compleat Herbal . faw it at the Foot of the Alps that look over the Lake of Geneva. 3. Dentaria penrapbvllos, foliis afperis. c. b. Pin. 322. 2Eoort)tuo?t, JJHtlj rough IlCatiCS. Coratioides prints quin• que-foha. J. B. 2. 90O. Dentaria vi ta, fen - taphyllos ima. Clui. Hift. cxxiu 4. Dentaria htpc„ph vltos, baccifer*. C. pin. 322. ffienr^bearing, frhcn 4 eab’o 2D00t!) Coratioides minor buibifcra J. 8. 2. 902. Dentaria quarta, bdccifaa. Clul. Hilt. 121. It creeps with an oblong Root, which is indeed dented, but confifting as ir were of many Knobs, fmall, white, and fornetimes alfo purplilh, then generating new Shoots from its Sides of an ungrateful Tafte, which at firft dies the Tongue, and then acrid: From whofe Sides come for?h Leaves grow¬ ing to an oblong Foot-ftaik or Rib, (which is purplifh near the Root, but above thar green) being generally five in Number, and fornetimes more, for the moft part oppofite to one another, and dented only on one Side, that Leaf only being dented on both Sides which makes the odd Number, and hands on the Top of the Wing ; of a foure Tatte at firft, but afterwards acrid and burning. Tne Stalk is a Cubic high, llender and naked, and is furrounded in the Middle with two or three, and (omtimes more. Wings, cor.fifting only of three Leaves like thofe al¬ ready defcribed ; [y. Bauhinus fays, they are compofed of five Leaves annexed to the Rib, Tomecimes placed dire&Iy oppofite to one another, and fornetimes alternately, an Inch and a half or two Inches long, and above half an Inch broad] but the upper Part is covered with oblong and narrow Leaves, fornetimes gently, and fornetimes not at all "•dented, and ranged in a confufed Order. On the Top of the Stalk (tand four, five, or more Flowers, refembling the Flowers of Stocfyiil/-flower or Dames-violet, but fmaller, white, or of a purplilh white Colour : To which fucceed Pods or Husks like the Pods of A lifiard, but fiiorter, which withering together with their Foot-ftalks, do generally fall off and perifli ; but fornetimes they grow thick, and bear ripe Seed aimoft of the Size of Bames-viclet Seed, which is Scattered a- bout by the Pods flying open. But befide ibis Seed there arife certain Knobs at the Wings and Rife of every Leaf that furround the Stalk, not unlike the Bulbs of the Lilium cruentum bulbiferum , and compared as ic were of Scales, being at firft green, and af¬ terwards davk brown, of a very difagree- able Tafte, which are very eafily taken off, and fall of themfelves when they are ripe, and wben they "are buried in the Earth pro*, duce new Plants. C ufius is of opinion, That this Plant is to be fo .nd in all the mountainous Forefts of Germany, vi%. in the Forefts of Heffe % noc far from Aj >pu*g, in thofe of Mifnia, Au* firiay Stir;a % Canntbia , Hu gay, &c. It irfes ro Mower in Ap it ; and ne little b;ackilh Bu;bs begin to appear in May undec the Wings ot he Leaves. S. Dentaria rnph\JI C. B. Pin. 322J Icab’h 2E0O 'fttDOM. Ccalloides en~ neapbyllj Clufii. J. 8. 2 91 2. Derr aria v*. triply ll)s . Cluf. Hift. exxi. Cerafia Piinif. Coi. Parr. 2. 307 It produces a Stalk a Foot high, firm,' round and Imoorh, which is almoft tur round- ed on the Tod by three Foot-ftalk* (very rarely more) each of which fupports three large, pointed Leaves, which are dented round the Edges, of a deep green Colour, and of a burning Tafte. The Top of the Sra k is adorned by fix Flowers refembhng the Flowers of feven-leav'd Tooehworty look¬ ing and hanging down, and of a paleifli herby Colour. To the Flowers fucceed ob¬ long, knotted, and pointed Pods, much like rhe Pods of the fiveleav'd and feven-leav'd Toothwortjy and containing in them a like Seed, that is, Seed like that of Dames-violet % but thicker and gieeniHh, which leaps out when the Pods fly open, before it be fully ripe. It produces alfo other Leaves from the Root, growing only in Threes on each oblong Foot-ftalk, much broader than the former, but fiiorter. The young Root is white, but the old one is blackilh, fo parted into many Joints, that it feems as if it were compared of a great many Teeth, and is not much unlike the Tootbwort without Leaves. It grows in rhe fiiady Forrefts of Aufirial Stiria , Carinthia and Hungary , not only at the Bottoms of Mountains, but Jikewife a- bout their middle Region, where the Woods of very high Trees ufualJy end on fuch high Mountains* I I i 'Ja6 Eiuca. $U>cAx£: Ay 4-JS■ u Si I The ContpJeat HerbaL jLii Mountains. Clufius found it alfo beyond the D ravi> on a Hill above Greben , and like wife in the Hercynian Forreft that furrounds Bo- bemia. It flowers in Afrit in the Woods near Vienna , and other low Forrefts, and is loaded with Seed in May : But it both flowers and feeds later on the Mountains. 6 . Dentaria enneaphyllos, Montis aurei. u. n. Par. i£tne4ea\f& of Mont dor* 7. Dentaria orientalis, bacciferae fimilis, foliis quinis coftae innafcentibus. jDjinttal SCootljfcPo#, refembltwx aDoodjtoojt, tuftlj fine JleaDeo grottins upon a fttb. This Genus is called Dentaria both from the Form and Colour of the Root, which is very white, and is compofed as it were of a great many Teeth. Columna takes it to be the Ceratia Plinii , and (hews plainly, that this Dentaria has all the Properties that Pliny afcribes to his Ceratia : For whereas Pliny fays, bis has but one Leaf, fo, fays Columna , his has but one Leaf fometimes $ for he makes that to be but one Leaf that (lands upon one Foot-ftalk, bowfoever divided into three, live, feven or more Parts, as it is to be leen in the Afli Tree, Quicken Tree, Service and Walnut Tree, £&> the whole Leaf fpringing forth together, and likewife falling away all cogether, and not one Part after another, as in orhers that are Angle, which is a true Mark how to know a winged from a Angle Leaf. Parkinfon tells us that the Root of this Plant is drying, binding and ftrengrhning; and yet that it helps to provoke Urine, and to expel Gravfcl and the Stone, as fome do affirm. A Dram of the Powder of the Root taken for many Days fucceffively in Red Wine is exceeding good to eafe the griping Pains of the Sides and Bowels, and for in- waid Wounds in the Breaft, Lungs or Bow¬ els : The fame is given alfo to fuch as are bur (ten, or that have a Rupture. Ir is very beneficial to be drunk in the diftilled Water of the Herb called Horfetail : It alfo flops Fluxes tbar do not proceed from hot and cholerick Humours. The Decodtion of the Herb is very good to confolidate green Wounds, and to dry up the Moilture of old §Lhy Sores, and thereby to heal them s Mr. Lemery fay s, that all the Species of Teothmrt conrain a great deal of Oil, eflec- tial and fixed Salt; and that the fifth Species, which is the true Ceratia of Pliny, contains more Salt than any of the reft. They are cleanfing, drying, carminative and vulnerary. The two firft Species are ufed inwardly for Ulcers in the Lungs, and for the Wind-Cho- lick j and the fourth and fifth Species ought only to be ufed externally. TABLE CXII. Fig. iJ GENUS VIII, Eruca, ftocfcet. LJ SDcftet is a Plant with a Flower in Form ^ of a Crofs A, confiding of four Leaves B: Out of whofe Flower-cup C* tifes the Poin- tal D, which afterwards turns to a Fruit or Pod E, which is divided into two Cells by* an intermediate Partition F, to which the Valves G H, adhere on both S des, and full of Seeds, which are generally roundifti I. To thefe Marks muft be added, a Smell pe¬ culiar to Bfckft* The Species of Socket are, Y. Eruca latifolia, alba, fativa, DiofcoridiVo C. b. Pin. 98- WCpite, (Par* Mocktt of jDtofCOJlW. Eruca major % fativa , annua , flore albo 3 ftriato. J. B. 2. 85?. Eruca fativa. Dod. Pempt. 708. This Species has a wbire, fmall, and lig¬ neous Root, of an acrid Tafte : The Stalks are fomewhat hairy, a Cubit and a Cubit and a half high : The Leaves refemble the Leaves of Muftard 3 but fmaller, tender, fmootb, and of the fame Tafte with the Root. The Flowers are of a blueilh, or rather yellowifh white Colour, ftriped with blackilh Stripes, and ftanding in hairy Flow¬ er-cups. The Pods ftand upon Ihort Foot- ftalks, and are fmootb, fuch as thofe in tbs Sinapi filiqua glabra , but longer, opening at the Sides; parted by a Membrane, to which adhere many yellow Seeds, larger than the Seeds of the Muftard juft mentioned, and not quite fo round. The Smell of this Plant is ftrong and difagreeable, hot to fay (linking, m 4$6 ' The Cempleat Herbal. nor is the Tafte lefs fo, tho* the Italians love Then the Scalks of this Plant afe not fo vtpZ it, ana always mix Rocket in their Salhds, right as the others, but bending. By thefe to give them a grateful Tafte: But perhaps Nlarks it is diftinguilhed from wild ftinking they like it at firft more for its Vertues than Rocket, but chiefly by its Leaves, which do for its Tafte, and afterwards find it agreeable fo very much resemble the Leaves of the to their Tafte by frequent Ufe. greater Dat^r, thar if any one was to fee 2. Eruca fativa, foliis magis diffeeftis. H, them fpread upon the Ground abouc the Edinb. ©arhenMOCft^tlUttljJlCate HID# He^d-ofthe Roor, before rhe Ram produces OUt, 1 Scalks and Flowers, he would confidently 3. Eruca Romana feu Gentilis, fi iqua affirm that it was a S ecies f 1 be greater angufta, folio lato. J, B. 2 > 860. ISottifttl Daizy y unlels he brougiu his Tafte in to his TtoCitet tuttij a tranrotD poo, ant* a b#at? Aififtanoveniens. J. B. 2. 863. Eryfimum , Trio primus. Tabern.Icon. 448. It Hands upon a white, ligneous, (ingle Root, of an acrid and ’Ttirncp Tsfte, and rarely exceeding the Thicknefs of one’s little Finger. The Leaves are deeply (inuated or rather jagged, and hairy, refembling in Shape the Leaves of I{pcl{et y • Shepherds-purfe , or wild Succory , but are blunt ar the End. The Stalk is a Cubit and a half high, crouded with an alternate Order of Leaves, hairy and branched : The Flowers are very fmall, yel~ lowiflt, confiding of four Leaves ; which blowing fuccefiively, run out into very long Spikes. The Pods are fhort, feare'e a Finger long, round and taper, 'hairy, clinging to the Stalk, Handing upon (horc Fooc-ftalks, ending in a (harp Point, and contain a double Row of fmall oblong Seeds. It is frequent¬ ly found on Wails and Ruins, and near Hedges. 2. Eryfimum alterum, filiquis Erucae. C B. pin. 101 . another ^eao^mttffartb trntl) Socket J30D0* Eryfimum fecundtim. Tabern. Icon. 449 * This Hedge-muftard rifes up with two or three dark green Stalks, fomewhat like the former, but not fo much branched, fet on all Sides with dark green Leaves, cut into three or four Parts, with almoft equal Galhes on both Sides ; but the End is the largeft, fome- whir unevenly waved or dented about the Edges. The Flowers are fmall and yellow, yet larger than the former, whofe Spikes are not fo long ; neither do the long and round Pods of yellow Seed Hand fo clofe to the Stalk, nor are fo fmall, but (horter, like thofe of Rocket. The Root is not fo long or woody, bin more fibrous, and continues not above a Year. 3. Eryfimum Polyceration vel cornicula- tum. c. b. pin . 101. Igenge^muffarti tmtf) h great ntam> Eryfimum alterum TAatthioli , filiquis parvis y quibufdam Denta- ria. J. B. 2. 8%» Eryfimum alterum Italicum , & Matthioli . Lob. Icon. 20 6. This is the Eryfimum verum five montanum of Parkfnfon. The Leaves of this Species are of a freflier green Colour than either of the former, (mailer, and cut in on both Sides into more but fmaller Parts, refembling the Diviiions on the Leaves of Dendelion , but very fmall, each Parc or Corner looking downwards ; from among which rife up fometimes two or three Stalks, but more ufually but one, which is round and about half a Yard high, thick- fet with.fuch Leaves but fmaller and full of Branches to the Top ; all along which come forth very fmall yellow Flowers ; after which follow whitilh yellow fmall Pods growing clofe to the Stalk, containing within them fmall yellow Seed, nothing fo ftrong or lharp as the firft, yet fomewhat quick on the Tongue. The Root is fmall, and perilhes after Seed-time, but by fowing it fell* never mifies ro be in the Ground where it has once feeded. 1 4. Eryfimum Jatifolium, majus r , glabrumj c. B. pin. 101. dDfcat fmootl; Trio Apulus alter y Uvi Erucce folio . Col. Parr. 1. 265. Sinapi fyl- vefire y MonfpeJfulanum y Into folio , flofeujo lu• teo, minima y piiqua. longiffima. J. B. 2. 858. Along the Stalks of this Plant, which are a Cubit and a half high, fomewhat chan¬ nelled, almoft round and folid, are ftretched Leaves refembling thofe of Dendelion both in Size and Jaggs, fmooth, or at leaft having no Hairs worth mentioning, and of an acrid Smell and Tafte. The Flowers are fmall and yellow ; after which come forth very thick-fet and very long Pods, that are full of very acrid Seed. It flowers and- bears Pods in the Month of March in the dry Grounds about Mont- pelier . 5..Eryfimum anguftifolium, majus. C. B. pin. 101. ©jeat narrett^eatfa ntttffarll. Eapiftrum fyiveftrs Irionis folio. Col. Parr. 1. 168. • This Species has many lower Leaves that are long and narrow, fomewhat hairy, but fofr, of a pale green Colour, cut in or torn on the Edges, and pointed very like the common Hedge-muftard : But thofe that grow up higher on the Sralk (which is feldome more than one, and about a Yard high, and rough) The Compleat Herbal. 4^9 -rough) are fmaller, and have fewer DiviAons. The Stalk is branched from the Middle up¬ wards, and fometimes from the very Bottom, ’bearing fmaller yellow Flowers at the Top than any of the reft ; after which come fmall long Pods on all Sides of the Branches, and ftanding uprghr, rhick and blunt at the Points, with fmall ytllowilh Seed in them not very acrid. 6 . EryAmum corniculatum, Glafti folio, Pyrenaicutr.pprCtttanC0^UtCttlateD^C5£C^ tnuftarti, Haiti) a Moan llcaf. 7 . EryAmum Dentis Leonis folio, perenne, Pyrenaicum. jBerenntal JBprencan ©e&tj* mttffarh, laattl) a SPenaelton Leaf. From the Head of the Root it fends up a Turf of Leaves annexed to long roundilh Foot-ftalks, marked here and there with red Spots that vanifh in the Summer. The Leaves themfeves are jagged, above an Inch broad, and above a Palm long, ending in a Point that bends downwards, tender and fucculent, green on the upper Side and pale underneath, and much like wild Rocket. Out of the Middle of the forefaid leafy-Turf rifes a branched Stalk, full of green Pith, fuccu¬ lent, hard to be broken, fmooth and fome- what Alining, of a faint green Colour, fpot- ted with red Spots at the Knots where the Leaves rife, and divided into many Joints, efpecially towards the Root; at each of which rifes a Angle Leaf, and out of the Bofoms of the Leaves Branches, which are cloathed with fuch-like Leaves, but fmaller and more cut. About the End of April ap¬ pear Umbells or Tufts of Flowers on the Tops of the Stalks and Branches, which opening, difeover a yellow Flower with Chives of the fame Colour. To thefe fuc- ceed corniculated Pods, in Form like thofe of Fenugreeks but much narrower and thin¬ ner. When the Flowers open and blow gradu¬ ally, an Umbell runs into a long Spike of Pods that are a little flat, about an Inch long or better, and full of protuberant Seeds when .ripe. Towards the End of Augaft the Pods gape, and from them fall yellow, Ihining, oblong Seeds, like Crefs Seeds* The Root is long, white and knobby, rough to the Touch, half an Inch thick on the upper Part, fmaller in the Middle, tough and yielding, of a ftrong fharp Smell, and a bitterifh and Tome what acrid Tafte, The Leaves are not quite fo acrid and bitter • but the Seed is more biting, and acrid like Muflard Seed. 8 . Eryfimum Graecum, anguftifolium, tna- jus, procerius, 8 c minus hirfucum. 02'Ctlt, itarro'uMeabti, tall ana fmoctlj tBehge* muttarn* " p. Eryfimum oriental?, Rapi folio. ettiai £fttrncp;dea!f$ l^eugcVnutSarD.. io. Eryficrum oriencaie, minus, flore al- bido. Entail onental Lm'tlj a Ldljntftj jplotner. Eryfimum is fuppofed to come from4oJo// Hedge-muftardy fays Lemery, contains abun¬ dance of eflential Salt and Oil. It is cutting, Nona deanfing, T be Cowpteat Herbal . 460 cleaning, and opening : It excites Spitting, facilitates Refpiration, and is vulnerary. The Seed of this Plant is ufed for the Aftbma, for the Scurvy, and for the Stone. Our Hedge-muftard , fays Tournefort , has a Sort of an herby, faltilh and glutinous Tafte. This Plant reddens blue Paper pretty much 5 which gives Room to think, that it contains a Salt much of the fame Nature with Sal ammoniack tempered with Phlegm, Sulphur and Earth. And thus Hedge-muftard is pro¬ per in all Difeafes of the Lungs, where a thick Lymph is to be thinned, which Ricks to the Bronchia? and Veficles, as it often happens in old Coughs, and in an Afthma. The Broth of an old Cock, in which a Hand¬ ful of this Herb is boiled, is preferibed for fuch as labour under thefe Diftempers. The Syrup made of the Juice is extremely good : But the Syrup which is deferibed in the Pharmacopeia of Rpndelctius, and which was publifhed by Pena and Lobel, with their Remarks, is too compound. TABLE CXIII. GENUS X. Sinapi, SputfatU* is a Plant with a Crofs Flower A, ^ confiding of four Leaves B : Out of whofe Flower-cup C, rifes the Pointal D, which afterwards turns to a Fruit or Pod E F, which is divided into two Cells by an inter¬ mediate Partition G L, to which the Valves H I, M N, adhere on both Sides, and furnilhed commonly with roundilh Seeds K P, and generally ending in a certain fungous Horn containing like Seed O. To thefe' Marks muft be added, an acrid and burning Tafte peculiar to Muftard . The Species of SJHtffarti are, T. Sinapi Rapi folio. C. B. Pin. 99. taitft a SCurnep ILeaf. Sinapi filiqua latiufcula , glabra, Semine rufo five vu/gare. J. B. 2. 855 * Sinapi fativum, prius . Dod. Pempr. 706. Common spttffara. This Species grows feveral Cubits high, "with a Stalk hairy on the lower Part, but fmooth on the upper Part, branched into many Arms, round, and full of fungous Pith. The undermolt Leaves are broad, and ragged or as it were torn, as alfo hairy ; but the upper Leaves are fmaller and fmooth, /. e . not fo rough as the upper ones, and of the fame Smell if bruifed, as you may perceive in the Seed. The Flowers are fmaller than Hoclyt Flowers, and refemble thofe of yellow Charlock?, confiding of four Leaves, with Chives poflefling the Middle, and are de¬ fended by four fmall Leaves of a pale herby Colour, and a fweet Smell. To thefe fuc- ceed fmooth and pretty (hort Pods, like thofe of the greater Hpc\et> but lefler, ha¬ ving a Ihort Foot-ftalk, gaping, and con¬ taining about eight Seeds, whereas in Upckpt there are more, of a lefs dark Colour, and fomewhat bigger, differing from the Seeds of Charlock, in this, that they are reddifli and not lucid, whereas they are black and fliining. The Root is white, ligneous and brittle, and full of Fibres. J. Bauhinus obferves upon this Plant, That no Botanifl that he knows of has ever given a good Figure of this Plant, and that he never faw it accurately deferibed by any One: And indeed there is a wonderful Confuflon and Obfcurity amongft Botanifls upon this Genus. Tbom&s Johnfon , in his Edition of Gerarde , has deferibed this Plant, which we call Muftard, beft of any, tho* but very fhortly and fuccin&Iy- Our ordinary Muftard , fays he, has Leaves like Turneps y but not fo rough ; the Stalks are fmooth » and grow fometimes three, four, or five Cubits high ; they have many Branches, and the Leaves upon thefe Branches, efpecially the uppermoft, are long and narrow, and hang downward on fmall Footftalks: The Cods are fhorr, and lie flat and clofe to the Branches, and are fomewhat fquare : The Seed is reddifh, or yellow. 2. Sinapi album, filiqua hirfuta, femine albo & rufo. J. B. 2. 856. OTfytft 3 $ttdat&, toiti) a Ijatrp J 3 oi>, ana toljtte oj mntfli) Sinapi dpii folio. C. B. Pin. 99, Si¬ napi bortenfe, femine albo. Ejufd. Sinapi fa - tivum alterum • Dod. Pempt. 707. OTljttC Sgudarfc. The Root of this Plant is fingle, white and ligneous, about the Thicknefs of one’s Finger, and a Palm or a Palm and a half long, fending forth from its Sides long ob¬ lique , r' : •- • ‘ v \ 'the Cowpleat Herbal. 461 lique Fibres. The Stalk is a Cubit, or a Cubit and a half high, and fometiraes higher, branched, hairy, and naked. ?• Baubinus makes it to be three ot four Cubits high, and an Inch thick ; but in our Soil it never arrives at that Heighth* and is frequently not a Cubit high. The Leaves are like Na- vew Leaves, deeply finuared or jagged, efpe- cially the lower ones, and furnifhed with Prickles both on the upper and under Side. The Flowers are yellow, like chofe of the common Charlock* unlefs that they reft upon longer Foot-ftalks, and are fweet-fmelled. To which fucceed Pods fticking out from the Stalks, which are hairy, and fomewhat knot¬ ty by Reafon of the Seeds bulging our, end¬ ing in a broad, thin, and oblong Point, which remains afrer both Parts of the Pod are fallen away, hanging with the interme¬ diate (hining Membrane, which feparates three or four Seeds on both Sides, which are larger than Charlock Seed, white, round, and not fo biting as common Muftard Seed. That which abounds in our Fields, and does harm to the Corn, has a reddilh Seed, which becomes duskifh when it is fully ripe, and does not feem to differ from that juft defcribed in any other Refpedh 3. Sinapi arvenfe, praecox, femine nigro. JAorif. Hi ft* Oxon. Fart. 2. 216. Catty jTtein ^ttftarb, taity a black §>ceb. Ra - fiftrum ftore luteo, foliis incifts vcl finuatis. C. B. Pin. 95. ]. B. 2. 844. Rapiftrum ar - vorum. Lob. Icon. 198. CljfltlOCk, GJ tallb guffaw* So great is the Refemblance of yellow Charlock* when it i£ grown up, to Muftard , that it might deceive any One at firft View. The Stalk which is a Cubit or a Cubit and a half high, is divided into a great many Branches : The Leaves are like thofe of T ur. nep, but not divided into fo many Jaggs on both Edges, and having their End broad and oblong. When they are bruifed they do not ftrike the Nofe with that acrid Smell of Muftard , but have a perfectly oleraceous Smell. The Flower is yellow, and differs in nothing $ but in the Pods there is a very remarkable Difference ; feeing in Charlock they are twice as Jong as in Muftard> nor are they quadrangular and flat as the other, but plump and confift of many An¬ gles, retting upon Ihorc Foot-ftalks, and not fticking out much from the Stalk : When they gape, the Seed appears, adhering in like Manner to a middle Membrane ,• but they are more in Number, as well as fhining and black, whereas thofe of Muftard are reddiftu with no fhining or polifhing upon them, and are fmaller, but do not yield to them much in their Acrimony. It grows but too plentifully among the Corn. 4. Sinapi arvenfe, praecox, femine nigro, foliis integris. CatlP j?tdb ^ttffarb, tatty black a>ecn, anb taljole lUabess. Rapiftrum ftore luteo , foliis non inpifis. C* B* Pin. 95. Rapiftrum. Dod* Pempr. 675. 5. Sinapi Erucse folio. C. B. pin . 99. ®uffarb tatty a Socket ileaf. Sinapi Ery- fimo Tragi cognatum five ftmile. J« B. 2. 857* Sinapi fylveftre. Dod.Pempr.707. 6 . Sinapi Hifpanicum, foliis lobatis, ftore Sulphurei coloris. ®pant(b SPttftarb, tatty lobeb lleabcs, anb a jflotaec of a pfntr Colour. 7. Sinapi Hifpanicum, Nafturtii folio. £>pantty ©ttffarb, bitty a Crcfg Ileaf. 8. Sinapi Hifpanicum, minus, Raphani folio. HL'bc fmaller §>pamfy Sguftarb, tatty a Mabtfl) Ileaf. 9. Sinapi Hifpanicum, pumilum, album. Mtytte btaarf £>pam(b spttftarb. 10. Sinapi Indicum, maximum, Laduc^e folio. Sc hoi. Bot. K\)t ccreatBEubtan Spuilarb, tatty a llettttce Leaf. Sinapi Indicum , La- Llucce folio . Par. Bar. It rifes with S.alks above two Foot high, branched, fmooth, and full of white Pith j to which adhere broad, fmooth, far Leaves, placed alternately, of a yellowifh green Co¬ lour, fomewhat like the Leaves of Lettuce , and gently notched round the Edges. To¬ wards the Tops of the Branches break forth yellow, tetrapetalous or four-leav’d Flowers, for the Length of a Span, with a lax four- leav’d Flower-cup, and fupported by Foot- ftalks half an Inch long ; to which fucceed Pods confiding of two Cells, round, thickiftij upright, half a Finger long, ending in a Point with a dark brown Extremity ; and appear knotty or as it were jointed, by Rea¬ fon of the Protuberance of the Seeds. The Tafte of the whole Pianr is biting, and. the Smell is a fragrant Turnep Smell, like that of Muftard. 11, Sinapi 4^2 The Cow pie at Herbal. it. Sinapi Indicum, Ladtucae foliis an- guftioribus. Flor. Bat. JnBtaU SBuffmitr, ttudj narrotoec lettuce lles^es*’ sinapi Indicum , Laciucec folio, minus , feu angufto, prcftindius crenmo. Par. Bar. This is fmaiier, narrower, and flcnderer than the former; die Leaves are more fre¬ quently and more deeply jagged ; the Flow¬ ers are of a more pale yellowtfh Colour ; the Pods are (horcer, narrower, and pointed. . 12. Sinapi arvenfe, praecox, Canii amino- poliranum, femine nigro, flore a!bo. (SnidP Ccnttanttnopolttan iiulj Mack an* a ixffjtte jHotoer. 13. S’napi arvenfe, praecox, Conftamino- poliranum, femine nigro, flore albo, lineis purpureis ftriatc. CMllP PtflD <£onifatte ttncpolttan- $pttttar&, Uuttti Mack 3>£Oi, anh a xyljtte jFlolm fietpeb fmttj purple 3 ltnes. 14. Sinapi arvenfe, pra^cox, Conftantino- polianutn, femine nigro, (lore purpurafeente. €arlp iMelu Conftanttnopclttan Sttffarfc, iBttl) black steels, anb a ptirpltflj J?lolm\ 15. Sinapi Graecum, mancimum, tenu- iffirrb laciniatum, flore purpurafeente. (Eqcck ntartrtme SBttffarB, finely jaggefc, teiel) a* pttrpliflj jflotuer. 16. Sinapi-orientale, maximum, Rapi fo¬ lio. (Sim omental spttlfacD, bote!) a 3 ftapr Leaf* 17. Sinapi orientale, alriflimum, foliis Ery- fimi. ttop tall omental ^ttftarb, tetclj Sinapi is thought to be fo called from c tU'&iv & Cotas, becaufe Muftard Seed makes the Eyes fmart by the Strength of its Smell • or from givav vatv , becaufe its Leaves re. femble Navew Leaves. Muftard Seed is very frequently ufed for feafoning of Meat. Our Countrymen, fays J. Bauhinus , fteep the Seed all Night in Wa¬ ter, and then Squeezing it with their Hands they throw feme Vinegar upon it, and then bruife it with an Iron Ball. Muftard is pre¬ pared after various Methods : For fome dry the Seed at the Fire, then they beat it in a Mortar, and fife the Powder through a Sieve, and mix it well with Vinegar almoft to the Confidence of an Eleduary : Others powder it in a M il prepared for that Pur- pofe, together with Verjuice. This is called Muftard by the Englifto, and Moutarde by the French, from Muftunt ] and ardere, quafi muftum ardens ; becaufe this Compoficion is made of Muftard Seed bruifed, and Muft or Wine fome what thickened, in order to have a Sort of a liquid Pafte, that is acrid or biring and burning, which is ufed in Sauces to quicken the Appetite. Nothing is more common among us at this Day chan this Muftard for Sauce, and nothing feems to be more acceptable at. Meals, for feveral Diflies. If by any Means the Appetite flags, the Acrimony of Muftard will recover the true Tafte to fuch as have a Loathing or Squeamiflinefs, and will ferve as a Provocative where the Stomach is palled, and tickle the ftubborn Palate like a Sort of Fire, to devour Meat with Greedinefs. But the Force cf it is carried immediately up to the Nofe, and provokes Sneezing, and draws Water from the Eyes; nor is there any Thing that more powerfully penetrates into the Head and Brain. From hence it helps fuch as have the Falling ficknefs, and raifes up thofe who are opprefled with the Suffocation of the Womb ; it banilhes Drowfinefs from the Lethargick, and in general gives Eafe to all cephalick, paralytick, and apopledtical Af¬ fections, either put up the Nofe, or admn niftred in Sinapifms, i . e. Applications of the powder’d Seed to any Part of the Body in order to caufe a Rednefs upon the Skin: Thefe Applications are made to the End that the Humours which lie deep, may be drawn to the Surface ; which Medicines the Me- thodifts called Metafyncritica. Both the antient and modern Phyficians and Botanifts attributed many Yertues to Muftard ; fuch as provoking the Menftrua and Urine, exciting and (Emulating to Ve- nery, reftraining and preventing the Fits of Agues, removing Catarrhs, curing Hoarfe- nefs, expedforating tough Phegm, loofening the Belly, and difeufling Tumours 5 freeing the Senfories from Excrements, expelling Worms, firengthening the Stomach, curing the Suffocations of the Womb, purging the Head, and cleanfing the Vifcera from any Stoppage or Obftrudiion. Simon Pauli tells us, That Muftard is of excellent Ufe for fuch whofe Stomach and Inreftines abound with many vifeid and tough Humours, which it melts, diflolves, and wafhes away $ upon which Account it is to be The Compleat Herbal. ±62 be recommended to fuch as are troubled with the Scurvy ; but then its Acrimony muft be corre&ed by Vinegar, to prevent its ftriking the Nofe -with too much Fury. They who fweeceo it with Sugar do but ill confulc their Health ; for Sugar fixes its Acrimony, by which it refills the Scurvy. Muftard Seed brayed in a Mortar and mixed with white Wine, reftored many Hun¬ dreds that were ill of the Scurvy and in a languilhing Condition, to Health, in the - Siege of fycbelle. For a great many of the Befieged being prefled with Hunger,- and ob¬ liged to eat Things unwholfome, and which Nature abhorred, contra&ed a Difficulty of Breathing, Roctennefs of Gums, Blacknefs and Lcofenefs of Teeth, and other Symptoms of the Scurvy, upon which many of them died, till at laft they found Muftard in great Plenty in the Ditches about the Town, which taken in the Way juft mentioned, recover’d all of them. This is taken from the Rela¬ tion of Mervault, who was in the Town during the whole Siege. Mujlard drunk to a great Quantity with warm Wine, cures a Quartan Ague, if it be taken two or three Hours before the Return of the Fir. £>. Palmer ex relatione D . Her¬ mann!. A Citizen of Dant^icki who was very apt to have a Vertigo and Apoplexy, ufed to chew Muftard Seed for a Preservative, by the Advice of Phyficians; But when he was not able to do this any longer by Reafon of Age, he rolled it in his Mouth in Powder : At lafl, when he could not even do this, he tied it up in a Linnen Cloth and fmelt to it. And all this he did, that at an extreme old Age he might live free from thofe Diftempers. D. Soame ex Obfervat. Hieron . Peufner 3 d velf- chio editis . Muftard Seed, fays Lemery , contains a great deal of eflential Salt and Oil, and is ufed in Phyfick. It is curring, opening, at¬ tenuating, proper for quickening the Appe¬ tite, for difcuffing Phlegm, and for breaking the Stone in the Kidneys. It is ufed in a Quartan Ague, in hypochondriacal Melancho¬ ly, and in the Scurvy. It provokes Sneezing, diflblves Tumours, digefts and kills Abfcefles. The Powder of it is uled both internally and externally. It is laid on the Shoulders where Cupping Glafles have been applied with Scarifications, in Order to raife the Patient in an Apoplexy or Palfy ; and this is called a Sinapifm, which makes the Part (marc ex¬ tremely. T ournefort gives us a very accurate Analyfis of this Seed, as he does of every Thing he writes of. Muftard Seed, fays he, by a Chymical Analyfis, gives a much greater In¬ dication of an acrid than of an acid Salt : But we draw from it a confiderable Quantity of Oil, very little Salt fimply faline, abun¬ dance of Earth, a little urinous Spirit, and no volatile concrete Salt. This Seed is fto- machick, diaphoretick, and antifcorbutick. It is a good Remedy for the hypochondriack Aftedlion, for the Green-ficknefs, for the Cachexy, i. e . an ill Habit of Body that corrupts the Nourilhmenr, and for drowzy or fleepy Diftempers. Muftard Seed is pre¬ ferred to be chewed in a Morning falling* to fuch as are threatned with an Apoplexy* The following Cataplafm eafes the Pain of the Rheumatifm in the Breaft : Fry Leeks minced fmall with Vinegar; and when they are done ftrew a little brayed Muftard Seed over them, and thus you have the Cataplafm defired. You muft lay this Cataplafm on the Part afledled, for it is very refoltidve : This will raife Blifters if you put a good deal of Muftard . Some make a Cataplafm with Turpentine, Pidgeons Dung, and Mu- ftardy and apply it to the Parts where the Gout gives Pain, and even to the Jaw in a violent Tooth-ach. The Italians take two Ounces of Muftard Seed, and half an Ounce of Cinnamon well beaten, which they make up into Balls or Cakes with Honey and Vinegar; which being dried in the Sun are kept for Ufe ; This diluted with a little Vinegar, is pre- fently made into a Sauce, which is very de¬ licate and pleafing both to the Palate and the Stomach. T ABLU 4 6 4 'The Conipleat Herbal. * TABLE CXIV. GENUS, xr. Rapa, Cui’HCp* r T , Sitoep is a Plant wi:h a Crofs Flower A, -*• confiding of four Leaves B : Out of whofe Flower cup C, rifes the Polntal D, which afterwards turns t© a Fruit or Pod E, and is divided into two Celis by an inter¬ mediate Partition F, to which the Valves G H, adhere om both Sides, and full of Seeds L, which are generally roundilh, and commonly ending in a Sort of a fungous Horn I, with a like Seed K. To thefe Marks muft be added a carneous and tuberous Root M N. The Species of SCttmep are, i. Rapa fativa, rotunda, radice Candida. C. b» Pin, 8p. HcttnD Harriett SEttrncp, luttfj a 3leaf. Rapum fativum , rotun- dum. J. B. 2. 838. Rapum vulgare. Dod. Bempr. 763. Tumep has large Leaves fpreading upon the Ground, that fomewhat refemble the ' Leaves of red Colervort , and are of a dark green Colour, rough, and jagged on both Sides to the very middle Rib, and are of an oleraceous Tafte. The Flowers are yellow. The Seed in the Pods is reddifh, round, and very much like Colewort Seed. The Root which is fefllle fometimes fwells to a very big Belly, little lefs than a Man’s Head, fend- iag down a fmall Fibre to fuck in Nourifh- ment ; orherwife equal or very near equal to ones Fift ; both of which have white FJefti that is pretty firm, of an acrid Tafte lefs or more brisk. Thus far J. Baubinus. To thefe add, Thar the Stalk of this Plant rifes as high as a Man : That the upper Leaves which are on the Stalk are oblong, fmootb, grey, embrace the Stalk with a broad Bottom, and end in a (harp Point : That the Flowers are like thofe of common Charlock > upon long, (lender and fmooth Foot- ftalks : To which fucceed taper Pods divided .-into two Cells parted by an intervening Membrane, and containing a double Row of found Seeds. The Seeds are fown every where in Fields and in Gardens, for the Sake of the Root, as well in England as in Foreign Countries. It varies in the external Colour of the Roor, which is fometimes green, and fome¬ times of a bUckifh fcarlet Colour: We have aifo frequently fume with us here in England that are yellow both without and within, which Colour becomes more manifeft and deeper by-boiling. It varies likewife in the Bignefs and Smalinefs of the Root: Pliny and Tragus had feen fome weighing 40 Pound, and Amattis faw fome that weighed fifty or fixty Pound. Matthiolus relates, That he faw Turneps ^without Number near the Po above fifty Pound Weight, and in fome Pla¬ ces an hundred Pound Weight. How incre¬ dible is this ? and yet we are not to reject fuch Accounts as fabulous, fince a warm Climate and a rich Soil, provided there be fuflicient Moifture, do very much conduce to enlarge the Bulk. 2. Rapa fativa, rotunda, radice obfolete nigricante. C. B . Pin . po. Hottnfc ©amen SCttraep, tmtfj a Hoot^of a ruftp black Colour. • 3. Rapa fativa, rotunda, radice viridi. c. b. Fin . po. HottnD ©amen SEurnep, tuttlj a green Hoot. 4. Rapa fativa, rotunda, radice punicea. c. b. Pin . po. HounD ©amen JCttrnep, a fcarlet Hoot. 5. Rapa fativa, rotunda, radice foris & intus flavefeente. C. B. Fin. pc. HotWh ©amen Cttrnep, tmtb a pellotmfy Hoot botb mttfjout anti tottljtn. 6. Rapa fativa oblonga, feu foemina. C. B. pin. po. ©Wottg n female ©amen 2Eur^ nep* Rapum fativum oblongum. ]. B. 2. 838. Rapum cblongm . Dod. Pempt. 673. This does not differ from the former Spe¬ cies, excepting only in the Figure of its Roor, which is oblong and thick ; fome of which are fo large that they have been known to wei|h a hundred Pound each. The Root of this Species is reckoned more delicious to the Tafte than the former. Rapa is called by the Greeks Toyyvw, Toy- yuhtSy and alfo 'Pot'p vs and 'Pattus. Varro fays it is called Rapa , -quod ex terra rueret , quafi Ruapa . Others think it was thus named, quid pajjim Rapiatur* But it is eafy te perceive The Co/npleat Herbal. 465 perceive that it muft have received its Name from the Greeks, who call it Rjsaphys and fyapys, as Atbenaus certifies. The Root of this Plant is much ufed in the Kitchin ; it nourilbes but little* and ge¬ nerates Wind, and makes loofe and infirm Flefh. For which Reafon, fays Baubiriw, in order ro corredl that Fault, fotne ufe to boil it with Milk, that jt-tnay pleafe the Palate better, and noufilh more etfe&ually. We in England prefs ouc the wa r Cry Parc of the boiled Roor, and then eat it with Butter and Pepper. It prbvokes Urine and en- creafes Seed* It neither binds nop loofens the Belly. The chief Ufe of the Seed is in Antidotes, fuch as°Mirhridate and Treacle. It provokes to Lull, and drives out the Small Pox and Meafles. The Dofe is half a Dram. / The Juice and Broth of Tnrneps are recom¬ mended for carrying off a quartan Ague. Our Countrymen, who firft inhabited an American Illand called Terra Nova , found the Vertue and Efficacy of eating raw T«r- •neps in curing the Scurvy. The Juice of roarted long Tnrneps with Sugar, is a good Remedy for curing a Cough in Children. Schwcnck • The outer Coat of a round Turnep roarted under hot Embers, and applied very warm behind the Ears, makes a very effe&ual Re- vulfion, and quickly cures a Headach or a Toothacfa. This is a great Secret. Id. Tumeps are applied externally to Ulcers in the Leggs, &c. with extraordinary Suc- cefs, as alio to Swellings in Womens Breads, and elfewhere to fcrophulous and fcorbutick Tumours. D. Needham. A defperate Cough occafioned by a conti¬ nual eating of Lemops was at length cured by ufing the Deco&ion of Tnrneps . Tulpii Obfirv • />- 311. The common People in' Holland, being taught by the Practice and Prescriptions of Phyficians, in the Exulceration of the Mouth, neglet&iog a 11 painful and cortiy Medicines, ufe with very good Succefs the foie Juice of Tumeps fweetned tvirh Sugar, or if rhe Sea- fon of the Year denies that, only Small Beer vvub a little Sugar in ir. Which two Me¬ dicines, ufed to wafh all Parrs of their Mouth, and reaching ro the very Throat, not only alleviate the Acrimony of the Exulcerations, ' ' ' (■ ■ ' . • : but likewife mitigate all excefifive Qualities, and in this Manner ripen them. K^etelaer in commentario Medico de Aphthis . Turneps , fays Lemery, are very much ufed in Kitcbins. We eat them after they arc boiled j but they are windy. They contain abundance of Oil and efifential Salr. The Decodfion of Tumeps, continues he, is good ■for curing Hoarfenefs and a Cough, being (weecned with Sugar, and drunk at Night when rhe Patient goes to Bed. The Seed is accounted proper to refift Poifoc, and to kill Worms. GENUS XII. Napuf, Batseto. is the Genus of a Plant which differs from Turnep only in that pecu¬ liar Make and Appearance, by which it is eafily known to Gardners and Husbandmen : Wherefore you may, if you pleafe, reduce it to the fame Genus. The Species of JpaWtB are, I. Napus fativa, radice alba. C. £. Pin* 95. ( 55 arfcen jgabetrt, Uni!) a toljtte ISaot* Napus . J. B. 2. 842. Dod. Pempt. 674. This is the Bunias of Gerard, which he calls Nrf- vew gentle . It rifes with a Stalk above a Cubit high, hollow with many Wings. The Leaves, which want Foouftalks, embrace the Stalks and Branches with their Wings ; the lower ones, which are finuated, and the upper ones which are not finuated do both end in a Point. [La¬ bel fays, the Leaves are not fo rugged as Turnep Leaves.] The Flowers are yellow like thofe of Coleveort ; and the Seed is alfo fomething like, in long Pods. Bir the Rooc^ is like Turnep , but not fwelling into fo great a Belly, (hooting deeper down into the Earth, of a compact flefhy Swbrtance tha has a fomewhat acrid Tafte. [Sweeter than lorg Turnep , and a more delicious Food. LobeU} The Colour of the Root is commonly wM'c, tbo’ fometimes it be of a yeilow or faff.on Colour. It is fown arid cultivated in Ganders. Jc grows in great Plenty at Montpelier , but doe wild, as I am apt to believe. O o o 2. Napus 4 66 The Compleat Herbal. 2. Napus fativa, radice latea aut buxea. c. B. pin. 95. dgamn a 0; ho^coloureb Moot*. 3.. Napus fativa, radice nigra. C.B. Pin. 95. ©ar^en $abeb), tottf; a black Moot* 4. Napus fativa, airera, maxima radice. & r. Pir . ^notber (Batten jBabtfb,.b)fcI; a beep gredrt Mock:. 5. Napt's lylvtftris. C. B. Pin* 95. B* 2. 843. S®tiH iSabOtn. Bunins fylvijlrts, Knpiis fLore lutso. Lob. Icon. 200. The Flowers, Pods and Seeds are very like thofe of the Garden Kind ; but the Leaves are more cut and jagged ; nor do they adber<* to the Stalk by Foot-lkalks. But the Root favours of the wild Kind, is (mai¬ ler, nor much la ger than the joint of one’s Thumb, Ihaped. like a Top, ana or an acrid Tafte.. . The leaves are more like thofe of Cole- wort jhan thofe of Turnrp : But the lower Leaves which grow up from the Root are force what rugged, dpecialiy on the upper Side. I: grmvs in the Corn-fields and in Ditches 10 great Plenty, here with us-in England* N.ivem Roots are hotter than chofe of T«r- nep. but have the lame Vercues j fo that we need.not repeat them here. The Seed rahn In a Draught blunts the Edge of Poilons, - and is for that Reafon made an Ingredient in Antidotes, fu:h as Theriac, Bob the Garden and the wild Kind, fays Lemsry, contain a gre it deal ol Phlegm, Oil* and eflential Salt. Nazis?? Seed is deterfive,, aperitive; digeftive, and incifive v It refills Po'fon ; it throws' ou: bad Humours by Tranlpiratipn : It provokes Urine, is pro¬ per for the Jaund ; ce, for malignant Fevers, and for rhe.Sirail Pox. It is ufed in Trea¬ cle.. N. B. The Seed of the wild Kind is preferred before the Garden Xmd. Its Root, continues the lame Author, is-- good for an invererare Cough,, for an Atthma, and for a Confumprion, being taken in a warm Deco&ion like Broth. It is likewife ufed in outward Applications, grated, to digeft, refoive, and eafe Pains, It is. applied after the Manner of a Caraplafm. The Seed of the wild Nave n?, heated, and prefled with Hand-mills, yields a great Quantity of €&!, which is ufed not only wuii Eood 5 but. likewife for* Lamps®- I he Bird-catchers with us feed their Linnets Chaffinches, and other fuch-like Birds in Cages, with this Seed. I(uel. Mr. Bay is of opinion, That the Oil which we call f(ape Oil in this Country, is made of the Seeed of this Plant ground and pref- fed. Mr. Lemery fays, Thar the Seed commonly called Navette, is not Navsw Seed, as a great many imagine, but is the Seed of a Kind of Colexvort , which in Flanders is called Coffa : This is cultivated in Normandy, Brie , Hol¬ land and Flanders : The Oil drawn from ir by Ex predion is of a yellow Colour, of no difagreeable Smell, and is fwcer to the Take. It is comonly ufed to burn in Lamps ; and the Feli-makers do ufe it in working and dreifing their Stuff. Applied -externally 11 is refoiutive and lenitive $ but is not much tiled in Phyfick. TABLE CXV* GENUS XIII. Raphanus, EatuHj. V "O i& a Plant with a Flower in Form. **' of a Crofs A, confiding of four Leaves B : Out of whofe Flower-cup C> rifes the Poin¬ ts! D, which afterwards turns ro a Fruir or Pod in the Shape of a Horn E F, that is thick, fpungy, and furmflied with a double- Row J, of reddifh Seeds K, and feparated G H, by a thin Membrane L. The Species of are, I. Raphanus major, orbiculatu* vel rotun- dus. c. b. Pin. 96. %\)t greater rotutb B&phanw five Badioula fativa . Dodo Temp:* .676. The Leaves do very much refemble Ttfr- nep Leaves, infomuch that they may eafily iropofe even upon the mod experienced Bo - tanifls ; but they are a little more finuated ^ and the other Parts do flili lefs agree ; for the B&difh Flower is of a purple Colour, with yeilpw Chives. The Pods are thicker* fhort, furgous, pointed, and divided into tuberous Cells with Hollows interveenirg in the middle of which ipungy Snbflance lie roundifli red Seeds, larger than the Seeds of Qoiemrs * > ' t ■ i % The ConipJeat Herbal. 467 C otevort. or any Kind of Muftard, The Root is thick, carneous and long, ol different Sizes, with a red outer Bark, eipecialiy on chat Part which appears above Ground, rarely white, and of an acrid biting Talie. It rifes with a Stalk not perfectly Itraig-ht, one or two Cubits high, and very much branched. This is the Description of J, Bduhinw* Mr. Lem try deicribes it thus/ Radifh is a Plant that fends up great, broad, tugged, green Leaves, deeply jagged, refembliog Turnep Leaves, bur fomewbat more finuared. Among thefe rife Stalks a Foot and a half or two Foot high, round,, branched, bearing purple Flowers with four Leaves, diipofed like aCrofs : When thefe Flowers fall, they are Succeeded by Pods in the Shape of a Horn, fpungy, and containing Seeds that are almoft round, red, and bitter or biting to the Tsfte. Its Root is long and thick, but fometimes more, and fometimes lefs fo, fldhy, white or red, fometimes blackiflr, and of an acrid piquant Tafte, but agreeable. This Plant is cultivated in Gardens, and its Root is dug up chiefly in the Spring, when it is tender, fucculent, eafiiy broken, and fit to be eaten. 2. Rapbanus major, orbicularis vel rotun¬ das, floribus candidis. C. B, Pin. 96. (£)££&£ totinfc Ham®, tu(if) mbue iFIotacr?. 2. Raphanus niger. C, B. Pin . 96. & Lob . icon. 202. lEIark .Hast®. This Hjdifh does not differ much from common Radifh either in Stalks, Flowers, Pods or Seed. Parl^infon makes, this to have - fmaller Leaves and deeper jagged, and leflcr Flowers and Seed. The chief Difference is in the Roor, which is black without, or co¬ vered with a black Bark, white within, thick, of the Figure of a Tumepor rather of a Pear, and of a harder and firmer Subftance than common Radijh, but no lefs acrid and biting. Parkinfon fowed the Seed of this Species, which produced Plants, feme of which had black Roots, but the greateft Part were co¬ vered with a white Skin. 4. R?pbanus minor, oblongus. C.B,Ptn.p 6 . oblattg Ham®. Raphanus. ]. B. 2. 486* Radicula fativa , minor, Dod. Pempr. 676. From this Genus ought to be excluded Raphanus Rvji'canus. C. B. Pin. 96. becaufe it belongs to Cochlcarih, Rapbanus aquatints foliis in profundas lacinias divifis. C. B. Pin. 97. which belongs to Sifymbrium with the following, vi%. Raphanus aquaticus , Rapifiri folio, C. B» Pm. 07. Raphanus goc its Name, according to AibenauSy from'petftw facile, and tpa.iy:j ap- pareoy as if o e Ihould fay, a Plant that quick¬ ly a pears; for Radifh appears quickly after it is fown, vi%, the third Day after , and in¬ deed we know no Plant buds up fooner from Seed than this. The Name of Root , according to the Te- ftimony of Varro , came from Grcecs to Paly ; for the ancient Griefs call that a Root, which we now call Raphanus, Now from ihcLa- tin Word Radix , came the Enplifh Name Radifh , and not from the red Colour of this Root, as fome have gronndlefly imagined, b:caufe we do corruptly both pronounce and write it Rcddift, Tho* all the Parts of this Plant might have their Ute in Pbyficfe, yet rhere is com¬ monly no more of it ufed but the Root and the Seed. It warms, dries, opens, cleanfes, and at¬ tenuate?, Ids chief Ufe is in breaking and expelling the Scone, in provoking Urine and the Terms, and in removing the Obftrucffions of the Liver and Spleen. Ic attenuates vifeous Mucilage in the Stomach, and helps the Diftribution of the Chyle and Humours. It is applied outwardly to the Soles of the Feet in Fevers, and to the Neck in Pains of the Head that accompany malignant Fevers- Schrnd, Concerning the external Ufe of this Fianr, I fhull only add. That the Ufe of Radiflo is not to be defpifed in Corns on the Feet or Toes : For if they be cut fo clofe in the wane of the Moon till they fmarr, and'the biting Juice of the Pu'p oPRadifh be cropped upon them, they will certainly vanifh. Raaifh likewife draws out Thorns and Splinters, if it be mixed with Gcofe-greafe and laid on the Parc affedfed. Hoffman. Notwirhftand- ing the critical Time of curing Corns by this Application, which our Author feeir.s to lay fo rte Sttefs upon, yet I have a lirong Fancy chat the Medicines would work full as well; either under the Influence or&he New or of the Full Moon ; fo that I hope no one will tie himfeif down to fuch iuperftirious Ob- fervances either in this or any other Cafe. O 0 o 2 Tfco* The Contpleat Herbal, Tho’ the Root is chiefly defigned for the Kitchin, and is but very rarely ufed in Phy- lick 5 and tho’, as Galen fays, it is more proper for a Difh than for a Medicine ; yer, as we have already feen, and (hail fee fur¬ ther in the Sequel, it wants not it’s Ufe in Phyflck. The very Tafte, without any Thing more, evinces that it is biting and warms : And therefore we are rather difpofed to give our Aflfcnt to thofe who 'attribute to it the Quality of ftrengthning the Stomach, and promoting Concoction, than to Galen and others after him who maintain the contrary, which they probably did for this Reafotv, Tbac it creates Belching ; and therefore Pliny was pjeafed to call it cibus illtberalts a poor and unmannerly Food* Taken with Honey it cures the Cough. It is efteemed very good againft the Poifon of T oadftools and Henbane. Diofcorides in¬ forms us, That if it be eaten boiled, it is an effectual Remedy for fuch as are troubled with a continued Cough, and who breed thick Humours in their Cheft ; to which I do willingly aflent, for as Pliny rightly ob¬ serves, boiled Radifh fweetens, and may fup- ply the Place of Navews. DoUus prefcribes the Juice of Ryidifh prepared with Sugar to be drunk by Children who have a Cough or an Atfhma. Lib . 5. c. 4. §. 18. Domeftick or Garden Radiflo, fays Ferne- lius , purges by Vomit without any the leaft Harm or Offence, and gently clears the Sto¬ mach ; and cannot difoblige any Age, nor even Women with Child. In order to this* you muft fhred two Ounces of the Root, and pour Mead upon it, and the Juice which you prefs from this is to be adminiftred warm : Or three Drams of the Seeds bruifed, which is yet more effedhial, pouring on it either Mead, Whey, or Barley Water. Schwenckfeldt acquaints us, That it is com¬ mon to tie the Root bruifed, with Salt, under Soles of the Feet* in malignant Fevers* RadiJIo Water drunk for thirty or Forty Days fucceflively, Evening and Morning, to the Quantity of three or four Ounces each Time, cures the Scone, and is good for the Dropfy. For the St orte, Take of the Juice of Radifh Root four Ounces, of Honey half an Ounces make them into a Potion, to be repeated for three or four Mornings. This is a very much approved Remedy.. Or, Take of the Root of Radijh cut into Slices a fufficienc Quantiry, and as much Honey as is necef- fary that they may boil over a flow Fire ; from thence will flow a Water, four Ounces of which given for a Dofe will produce a wonderful Effedh Cbcfneau. Thele two Re¬ ceipts were tranfmitted, among# many others colledbd from various Authors, to Mr .Ray, by his very ingenious and learned Friend Dr. Edtp. Hulfe ; as was the following for Ncphritick Afie&ions. Take of the biting Bark or Skin of Radifb one Ounce, of the Stones of Medlars two Drams; infufe them for eight Hours in four Ounces of white Wine, and let it be drunk moderately warm. This is what they call Secretum Raphaninum. Ex Corbei PhmmaciA) autore Antonio Mt\aldo mult is probatum expe~ rimeniis. Radifh , fays Lemery, contains abundance ofeflentul or volarile Salt and Phlegm, and a little Oil. Its Root, fays be, is incifive, deterfive, aperitive, and is proper for the Stone, for the.Nephritick Cholick, for the Retention of Urine and of the Terms, for the Jaundice, for Obftruftions of the Spleen and Midriff, for the Scurvy, and for the Dropfy, taken inwardly. The Seed is like- wife opening ; but if it be taken into the Mouth alone, it raifes a Naufea or Loathirg. Some Authors have ranked it amongft weak Emericks; the Dofe from half a Dram te two Drams. SECT. ' I r r> C 0 '£*/> .J2 3 pl;atuffrttm is a Plant with a Crofs Flower A, confiding of four Leaves B : Out of whofe Flower-cup rifes the Pcin- tal D, which afterwards turns to a Fruit or jointed Pod E, refembling a wreathed Pillar, and full of roundifh Seed H, fhut up in each Joint F G. The Species of Ltapljaniftrttttt are, 1. Raphaniftrum filiqua glabra* majore & minore. Mor. Hift. Oxon. Parr* 2. 265. Rapiftrum alrerum arvorum. Farf^.Theat. R63. Rapiftrum flore albo, ftriaro. Sin.:pi agrelte, album Trago. B. 2. Charlock., Uitdj a jotnte& This is the Taphanus fylvefiris of Gerarde* This Plant fhoots up with a Stalk a Foot high, branched from jhe very Root, and garniflied with fmall, hard, and (harp Prickles: The lower Leaves are jagged, but the upper ones are entire, large and hairy. The Flow¬ ers confift of four Leaves in Form of a Crofs, white ftriped with blue, and fupported by a redaifti Flower-cup. When this Flower de¬ cays, it is fucceeded by a Fruit as long as one’s little Finger, and refembling a wreath’d Pillar, compofed of feveral Pieces joined to¬ gether End to End, and containing each of them a pretty big Seed, almoft round and red. The Root is fometimes fingle, and fometimes divided, ligneous, and white. This Plant grows among Corn every where in great Plenty. 2. Raphaniftrum flore albo, ftriato, filiqua articulata, ftriata, minore* Mor * Bifi . Oxon. Tart . 2. 2 66 . PvSpiftrum album, articulathm* Tatk. T heat. 863. Mlljtfe jOlUtCh Cljadcck* This Species grows up with fewer, fmal- ler, and rougher Leaves, in feme little or nothing, in others more jigged. The Sralks are rougher and lower than the former ; and the'Floweis do not grow in fuch Numbers together, neither are they fo large or yellow, but either pale yellow, or more inclining o white ; after which come fmaller, rough Pods with Joints or Divifions, and with fmaller brownifh Seed., not near fo faery hoc as the other. The Root is fmall and long in fome, in others pretty thick and rounder, much Lke a fmall long-rooted Turnep. Of this Sort fome are found alfo with a purplifh Flower. 3. Raphaniftrum arvrnfe, fore albo. Lampfana Cafalp. 355. Rapiftrum flore al¬ bo, Erucas foliis. Lob. Icon . 199. 4 . Raphaniftrum fegetum, flore luteo vel pallido. Rapiftrum flore luteo. filiqua glabra, articulata. Rati Hifi. 805 J£dlQi:bVf!oUTrC& Charlock, a fmccd/joini.cn jant?* This Species differs from the Firft, chiefly in the Colour of the Flower, and is found as frequently among the Corn as thav 5. Raphaniftrum filiqua ardculara, £riara, maxima. Mor. hifi. Oxon . Part* 2 pfjaiuftnim, Xmtfr a herp large jotter!* ants ftdpdi It does not differ from the common white Raphaniftrum^ except in the Bignels of the> Flowers and Pods, which laft do more re- femble thofe of common Garden Radifh, in their fpungy Subftance. The Seeds contained in the Joints or Knots are bigger* 6. Raphaniftrum filiqua arncu’afa, glabra, 1 Gonftantinopolitanum, flore ©bfoleik purpu~ rafeente. Conffaitn'ftofclxfan ^apljant^ ftrttm, tm't!) a fmenth jotnuh nas* a ntftp pttryXtO) iflo&er* Rapha? - 47 ° 1 the Compleat Herbal. 7. Raphaniftrum Creticum, filiqua incur- there appears a flat Pod or Husk (haped like va, vilioTa. Canhp &apl)anifttttm, tmtjj a crookctl Ijatrp POtb Eruca mdritima, Cretica, filiqua articulate, C. B. Prodr. 40: The whole Plant is white, hiving Ihort narrow Leaves at the Roor, divided into fmajl Jaggs and rough. It has fmall, bend¬ ing, channelled Sulks a Palm high ; and many crooked, jointed Pods, three or four Inches long, and rough, containing fmall reddifh Seed. 8. Raphaniflrum Alepicum, flore dilute vioiaceo. ftapfyamflfcum of Aleppo, tm'tlj a faint htolet^col cures jFlouwr* Eruca Cbalepenfs , flore dilutk violacco , fliquis arti- culatis . Mor. Hift. Parr. 1, 233. Raphanifirum is fo called from PapbamiSy becaufe it has fomething of the wild Radifn, This Plant contains abundance of effenrial Salt and Oil. It is opening, attenuating, refolving and cleaning. TABLE CXVI. Fig. s. GENUS II. ^pecoatt. lll^pcrDCn is a Plant with a Crcfs Flow- er A, confiding of four Leaves com- monly divided into, tbne Parts BCD: Out of whole Flower cup E, rifes the Pointal F, which afterwards turns to a Fruit G, or a plain fmoorh jointed Pod, full of Seed which is commonly fhaped like a Kidney K, and (hut up in each Joint H I. The Species of l^VptCOOn are, I. Hypecoon latiore f 'io. HE^oatblcahtJ tP)PP0 CCOU* Hypecoum jiliquofunt. J. B. 2. 899* Hypecoum* C. B. Pin. 172. Hypecoon, Dod. Pernpr, 44.9, a Hook, compofed of feveral Pieces joined together End to End, and each of them con¬ taining a Seed which genes ally refembles a Kidney, and of a black ifh Colour. The Root is long, fometimes fingie, and fomenmes divided, reddifii, and gambled with fuall Fibres. It grows in the South of France , not far from Montpelier , on the Bi ink of a Pool near the Baths qf Bailer uque, beiore he Chappel and elfewhere. It grows in great Plenty m Spain y in the Fields about Salamanca, and tbofe aboi t Granada , Mi. Pyty found it on that fmall Nei.k of Laha whub .ies betwixt rhe Port of JVI jfrnay anti thcS re gnts of Sicily, 2. perron tenuiore flore. T vfCftCU tWltlj & ittt&ffCt jLS&f. Hyp coi lit re; Speers, C. B. Pin. 172. A terum birfeoridh Cumi- vum , fylvCfi'ey iiiiquofum. Lob- Jeon. 473, This is a ifoaM berurifu] PJanr, bur jit,]e known ; which (hoots up w ith little fU der and tender Sir ks. which bear fmall leaves refemb ng Carvy Lea.es, and deep!} j gged. The Flowers are yellow like *he former, but fmaller ; to thefe Succeed Pods (haptd alio like Hooks, con poked of feveral Pieces joined together, each of which contain a )eilow Setd. The Root is (lender. The Tafte of both hefe Species is iirplea- fanr like that of Poppy , and bo h Diofcorides and Galen agree, that rhiv Plum has much the fame Vertue and Qua lints with Poppy, Dr. Hermans obferved by Experience, That the Juice of Hypecoon had the fame Eftedf as Opium, Mr. Lemery tells us, That both Species grow in hot Counrrie.% fuch as Languedoc!; near Montpelier > near the Ba hs of Batleruque , and in the Fields in Spain . and that they Contain abundance of Oil and Sap. B. j fiues the two Species already mentioned. This Plam Ihoocs up with .feveral Stalks Mr. Tournefort found two more in the Eaft t a Foot high, dividing themtdves rowards the Fop into feveral Wings or Branches: Its Leaves are I ke the Leaves of wild Sage , or ra her like thofe of Fumitory. The F ower is fmall, hav g four Leaves difpofed like a •Crols, of a yellow Colour, and faftned ro a FooKtalki When this Fjcwcr is decayed which we had almofi forgot to inferc. 1. Hypecoon orienr^le, latiore folio, flore msgrto. £D:te-TfT T'rpcccon, lxiJj a Ci Lerf, anti ? *laro;e J'teetv 2. Hypecoon oricntale_, Fumaria; folio, Oriental l&mcctw, ftulj a Jlcaf, SECT _ The Cottipleat Herbal, 471 SECT. VIII. Of Herbs with a Crofs Flower, whofe Tointal turns to a Tod with one Cheji or Cell . TJBL E CXVIL Fig. 1. GENUS I. Chelidonium, CdSHttHUr, V j* ' w is a Plant with a Crofs Flow* ev A, confifting of four Leave*. B : Oat of whole Fiower-cup C, riles the Points D, which afrerwards turns to a Fruit or Pod E, of one Ce 1 , (the Valves F, adhering to the Window G) and full of Seeds which are ge¬ nerally roundifh H. The Species of CcfftUUtT are, il Chelidonium majus, vuigare. C B. Bln, 144. %l)t greater common (Manama Ch lld 'hia. J. B. 2» 482. Chelidonium rnajuiy Don. Pe-npc. 48 *• This Plant (hoots up wi>h fcveral Stalks a Foot and a half high, (L rider, round, knot¬ ted, branched,, and fomewbat hairy. The Leaves do in ityxie Sore referable the Leaves of Coiumbins i cr Garden Ranunculus, bat are larger, tenderer, and fmooiher, cur in and denied round the Edges. kveral of them being ranged upon one R b, which is ter- mrnated by one odd Leaf, of a Ska green Colour. Each of the Flowers is compoled of four yellow Leaves dilpofed in Form of a Crofs ; and they are followed by little. Pods th-it refemble fmall Homs, which are > full of Seeds -that are dmoft round, as big as Poppy Seed, and yellowifh. The Root is as thick as one’s Finger, and farnifhed with Fibres. The whole Plant is lull of a yellow Saffron Juice, of a ft t ong Smell ancLof an acrid and b tter Tafte, It grows in Hedges, in rfe Cl rs and Heks of Walls of old Euil i g „. I flowers in »he Month of April, a.u cu!J,*uut& lo moil Pan of the Summer• 2. Chelidonium majus, foliis querni?^ K\)C ftiTatet CdnnLtne, tuitfjl £Daftm LffRdCS* Chelidonium folio laciniato . J. B. 2. 483* Chelidonium majus , lacimato folio• Club Hid. 203. Whoever knows the great common Celan¬ dine will eafily know this Variety of it as (non as it offers it (elf; for they referable one another in every Thing ; only the Leaves of this are (maker, the Dtvifions flenderer, and more cuiious round the Edges r The Leaves of the Flowers are like wife cut in with fome J pgs, and as if were fringed j much refembiteg the Flowers of that Plant, which is by fome called Cuminumfiliquofum- & Hypecmm. 3. Chelidonium majus, ftfik quernis, vad riegatis. H.F{.Fa<. $L\)Z KfSZlZt €tU\\* nine, r ®nkzn Uartcgatefc JLcatjesf* - 4. Chelidonium majus loins & rkre mf- nnt'ifi'r b iacin a is. H. R. Par* )$ G£T£ 8 tS& €tUntii.e> Uud) tleaues an& jTottevfcesp; f?UClP Qth na di Diofioride y chia —■ mar a d'acuni Velidcnia Indiana • Tb s Celandine has a pritty thick RoorJ- (hooring down :wo Fingers Length of an equal Tbicknefs, fomewhat rugged, curled* of 2 Subftance moderately hard 3 then grow*, ing /maker,' snd fpreading quite around into Tevera! Branches and fnrialler Fibres, of a red- difn yellow Colour both without and within* like the greater Celandine , and of a -biting" and drying Tafte. From its Head rifts a Turf of Leaves (landing upon pretty long' hollow Focr-ftalks, funowed on the upper Parr by a liule Channel that runs lerigrhwik, wuh abound.fh Ribon the oppofireStde 12ifed... on the lower Parr, from whence he Foot- fta, .s become in fome Sore triangular, The i .ves b anchei into (mailer or larger Branches, into whi h they are d vided and fubdivkkd* p-cuy much like theLeaves of Pspfhph ^y 2 The Cornpkat Herbal. Rpckjit, buc arc of a roundifh Figure, fo that they do more referable the Geranium primum of Mattbiolus , tender, flaccid, Juicy, hairy, with thick-fee Nerves pretty much raifed, and varioufly wandering, fome of them be¬ ing ftraighr, and others bending and winding, running out to the very Edges on all Sides, lurning upwards, from whence they are rough to the Touch, partly by Reafon of the Hairs, and partly by Reafon of the fore- faid Nerves, which on the upper Part ap¬ pear deprelfcd into fo many Imali Furrows of a bright Colour, and lurrounded with Teeth, fome fmaller and fome greater, fome (harp and fome roundilh at the Point, and placed in no Manner of Order. The •Divifions of the Leaves are very irregular ; for fome of them are fo deep that they reach to the middle Rib. From the Middle of the Turf of Leaves rifes a Stalk, fomecimes one and fometimes more, according to the Big- nefs of the Root, very rough and hairy, efpe- ciaily on the under Part, round, hollow from Knot to Knot*, tough and yielding, divided by thick tuberofe Knots, tender, fucculent, and when broken or cut dropping a yellow .Juice like the greater Celandine , divided and Subdivided into Branches, which fuftain on - their Tops fome oblong, narrow, (harp Leaves, placed in the Form of a Star; out of the Middle of which grow up feme fmall oblong Foot-ftalks, each of them fuftaining a Flower confiding of four Leaves, inclofed in a Flower-cup compofed of four oval Leaves; the Leaves of the Flowers being varioufly cut ,and jigged, the Jaggs reaching to the very Nails, of a yellow Colour, with many little yellow Stamina in the Middle, fpreading around, and fupporring yellow Chives alfo; fo that this Flower feems in fome Sort to re- prefent a (mail Anemone Flower. When the Towers fall the Pods fucceed them, fome long and fome fhort, fome (freight and fome crooked, at firft green, but afterwards yel- lowilh when ripe, and full of blackifh Seeds, that are very like the Seeds of the greater ■ Celandines, having on one Part an Eye as it were a Pupilla or Apple of an Eye, from whence they fend out a little Creit of a whitifli yellow Colour. <. Chehdoriium maximum, Canadenfe, ttkajj^ov. Corn, 31?. greateft Cetane ODtur of Canata, &U;out a This notable Plant confifts of few Learn'' deriving rheir Original from the Root upon long Foor-fialks, large, round, and of a greyifh green Colour, and jagged after th« Manner or Vine Leaves. It iia> a flefliy Root full of a yellow or golden Juice fm tiling rank, as are the Leaves ; if any Part of it be broken, presently the laid Juice flows our. Immediate*} bom the Root r ifes a Ihort, (len¬ der, reddilh Foot-ftaik, (upporting a white Flower, compoied of a great many Leaves like the Flower of Cyclamen . When the Flower decays, it is fucceededby a Pod that has two Cells, thicker or thinner, without a middle Partition, and containing many Seeds that are larger chan the Seeds of cur greater Celandine . This is an American Plant, and grows m Virginia and Canada, Mr. I{ay is of opinion. That it ought rather to be ranked amongft the anomalus filiquow or Pod-bearing Plants, than among rhe Celandines. Chelidcnium and Cbelidonia come from the Greeks Word a Swallow, as if one fhould fay, Swallows Herb or Swaflcw-wort. It is thought to have obtained this Name, as Diofcorides fays, becaufe it begins to appear at the firft coming of the Swallows, and withers about the Time of their going away. There are fome Writers who have related, That if any young Swallows become blind, the Mother cures that Blindnefs, and fo re- ftores her young One to Sight, only by put¬ ting this Herb to it’s Eyes. The Leaves, Flowers and Root are ufed in Phyfick. This Plant warms and dries, cleanfts powerfully, and attenuates, is of an acrid and bitter Tafte, carries off Bile by Stool and Urine, and (harpens the Sight : And therefore it dees good Service in the t aundice, and removes Obftru&ions in the .iver, Spleen, and Ureters. The Root -is efkemed alexipharmack, or an Antidote a- gainft Poifon* Applied externally it cures Weaknefs in the Eyes, Ulcers and other fuch like Difeafes 5 upon which Account there are fome who put to their Eyes the yellow Juice which flows frem the broken Stalk. Some likewife put it to the Soles of the Feet, in order to cure the Jaundice. The Preparations made from this Plant are, an Extract, Water diftilled from the Herb and Flowers, and Salt from the Allies. Schrod. By The Compkat Herbal. 473 By Reafon of its abfcerfive and incilive Vertue, it conduces towards extirpating va¬ rious Diftempers incident to humane Bodies, but efpecially the Jaundice, Scurvy and Ca- chexy, nay, and even the Plague it felf; and the Juice of it drunk with warm Beer ^bas never been adminiftred without extraor- " dinary Succefs : In the Plagne it is ufed with Vinegar. There may be a Panacea made of ir, if you take as much of this Plant as you think fit, and bruife it, and after having kept it in a Cellar for feveral Days, prels it till the Juice be all fqueezed. out ; this Juice is to be clarified and brought to the Confidence of Honey ; to which you mult add a proper Alcali, and then put it by for Ufe. From this, mixed with Vinegar, is diftilled Acetum alexipharmacum, to be taken as a Prefervative againft the Plague. The Water of this diftilled in the Spring by many Cohobations upon the green Herb, cures Wounds and Ulcers in the Eyes. Tragus fays, That a large Handful of the Root walhed, boiled in a Quart of fyfe Vinegar, and then drained, adding thereto an Ounce and a half of Theriacl ^ and drunk to the Quantity of a good Glafs-full, will, by the Atteftation of certain Experience, cure fucfc as are infetfted wirh the Plague, if after they have drunk it they go to Reft in Bed and fweat after it. The diltilled Water put into the Eyes, corrects the red Spots in them, as alio thofe on the Face, if it be walked therewith 1 The fame drunk for feveral Days opens the obftru&ed Paf- fages of the Liver, and cures the King’s Evil. The Powder of the dried Herb ftrew- ed upon Ulcers and Wounds purges and cures them. The Juice of the Herb anointed on St. An¬ thony's Fire, effe&ually reftrains and heals ir. Hpndcletius fays, That the bruifed Herb with Hogs Lard confumes Warts, fycutus expe¬ rienced this often. Lobel is of Opinion, That Celandine is not 10 be taken inwardly but very rarely ; but that it is more commodioufly and fafely ap¬ plied outwardly for Ring-worms and Scabs in Children. We are ready to fubfcribe to Lobel’s Advice, by Reafon of the Acrimony of this Plant : And therefore we agree with Bauhinus and others, that the Juice, which is very acrid, is not to be applied in the Difeafes of the Eyes, unlefs it be mixed with fuch Things as will blunt the Edge of its Acrimony, fuch as Womens Milk is faid to be. A great Quantity of the Juice of this Plant goes into the Compofition of the Water which is called Aqua mirabilis. Dr. Tancred Rpbinfon informed Mr. J^ajr i That the greater Celandine was extremely celebrated for curing of Confumptions, and that it was the great Specifick of Dr. Gave - neiers de tabs Anglica j and faid, that Simon Pauli affirmed the fame Thing. Quadripartit. Botan . p. 4 6. Celandine , fays Mr. Lemery , contains abundance of dfential Salt and Oil. It is cutting, cleanling, drying, and refolving ; it opens the Belly, provokes Urine, lharpens the Sight, and is proper for the Obftrucftions of the Liver, of the Spleen, and of the Ureters. The Root is accounted good to relilt Poifons : The Jurce of Celandine is ufed to extirpate Warts, Ring-worms, and Itch, being applied outwardly. Mr. Towneforts Account of this Plant is as follows : Dio/corides relates, That it was believed in his Time, that by the Application of Celandine the Swallows reftored Sight to their young Ones, after their Eyes bad been put out: Ariftotle was of the fame Opinion : but Celfus had Reafon to refute this Error ; for Experience Ihews us, that in lefs than an Hour’s Time an Animal will fee very well, tho* the Horn of the Eye has been pierced till feveral Drops of the aqueous Humour came our. Celandine is bitter, acrid, and burning, but efpecially the Root, which yields more Orange-coloured Juice than the other Parts of the Plant. It reddens blue Paper but very (lightly, and fmells like rotten Eggs ; which gives us Reafon to believe that it is phagedaenick, ( 7 . e. proper for eating and confuming the proud Flelh about any Sore or Ulcer) in lome Sort like the Liquor that refults from the Mixture of the Solution of Sublimate and Lime-water, or of the Na¬ ture of Milk boiled with fome lharp Salt. By a Chymical Analyfis, Celandine yields a good deal of volatile as well as of fixed Salt ; but then this is wrapt up in abundance of Sulphur and Earth. This Plane taken in- P p p wardly 474 The Compleat Herbal. wardly is very aperitive : The Infufion of a Pugil of its Leaves macerated cold for a whole Night in a Glafs of Whey, with a Dram of Cream of Tartar , is a good Reme¬ dy for the Jaundice, and for the Green-fick- nefs, fome add to it an Ounce of the Syrup of Succory. For the Dropfy, they infufe, for four and twenty Hours, an Ounce of the Juice of Celandine, and half an Ounce of the Tindture of Mars, in a Quart of white Wine J they ftrain the Infufion through a Linnen Cloth, and give three Ounces of it twice a Day to the Patient. The following Preparation is very good for the Vapours, and for the Difeafe of the Lungs which in England is called the Confumption : You muft put in Digeftion, for the Space of eight Days, twelve Pounds of the whole Plant gently bruifed, three Dozen of River Lob tfers minced fmall, and two Pounds of Ho¬ ney ; you muft lure the Alembick, and difill thofe Ingredients in Balneo Marine : The Water drawn from thence is excellent for the Vapours, being drunk from two to four Ounces : It cures the Inflammation of the Eyes, and dries up the Ulcers in thofe Pans, as w< il as the Juice of Celandine tempered with Milk : It is applied without Milk to Pearls or Webs on the Eyes, in order to eat them. Julian Paulmier, a famous Phylician of the Faculty of Paris, made great Account of the Juice of the Root of this Plant in the Plague, in tbefe Words ; Succus radicis Chelidonii major is ex vino albo , (3 ticeti ro - facci momenta exprejfus , nonnullis prrfentaneum auxilium attulit , & virus fudorc foras pe- puih. TABLE CXVII. Fig. 2. GENUS II. fiMhapfffrmn. CSlnaptttntm is a Plant with a Crofs C* Flower A, confining of four Leaves B : Out of whofe Flower-cup C, rifes the Poin- tal D, which afterwards turns to a Fruit or Cylindrical -Pod E, with two Valves G H, and full of Seeds F, which are generally toundifh I. The species of &tttaptfftttttt are; I. Sinapiftrum Aigypriacam, heptaphyl- lum, flore carneo, majus, fpihofum. H. L. Bat. %\)t greater, jmcklp, fePen4eab , h > Cppttan ^tnaptar m, *mtl) a coloureu Jflotuer* Bentaphyllum peregrinum , fitiquofum , bivalve , majus . Mor. Hift. Oxon* Part. 2. 288. Lupinus Algyptius, fylvefiris . Veftling. in P. Alpin. 70. This Plant has many Leaves fpteading upon the Ground, refting upon long Foot- ftalks, vi\. five fofc Leaves meeting in the fame Center, 7. e . on the Top of the Foot- ftalk like the Cinquefoils. Out of the Middle of thefe rifes a Foot-ftaik a Foot or half a Yard high, which is divided into other little Branches, and is round, ftraighr, (lender, and all over foft, cloatbed with little Trefoil thick- fet Leaves from Top ro Bottom ; but the lower ones are larger and confift of five Leaves, which reft upon pretty long Foot- ftalks; and the upper ones confift of three Leaves, and reft upon very fliort Foot-ftalks. On the upper Wings of the Stalk appear many long and equal Foot-ftalks in Fafhion of an Umbeli, on each of which hand four fmall, white,. long Leaves out of a Husk, which are pretry (lender at their Rife,*but at the Point reprefenring the Form of Fennel- giant or Pa*fnip Seed, of a faint Smell, and continuing a white Flower, with five or fix Stamina an Inch long and blackifli. To each of which fucceecis a fingle Pod of two Valves, an Inch long, pretty thick in proportion to the Bulk of the Plant (no intermediate Mem¬ brane dividing the Pod into Cells lengthwife) and full of numberlefs, round, and very fmall Seeds. It flowers the whole Summer, and when the Flowers fade, there remain thick Pods an Inch long. The Plant is annual ; lowing it felf in the Autumn, it iprings up in the Beginning of Summer, 2nd produces ripe Seed about'the End of Summer or Beginning of Autumn. It was raifed from Seed fent hither from., Aleppo. 2. Sinapiftrum Indicum, pentaphyllum; flore carneo, minus, non Ipino um. H.L.Bat „ %\)t fmallcr, fitoe^eau u, Syrian s>wa* ptftrum, m pjichlp* a jflelfcco* Jourem Herb a Paris. . Bht, tftaeeWIcaiiri ^tnapittnim, not pjicWp, lute!) a ifleO^colourcft Jflo&er. It has a Root four or five Inches long, final 1 and white, and drawing its Nourifti- ment from its lateral Fibres, of which it is furniflied with a great many. The StaJk is two Foot high, round, upright, not branch¬ ed, cloathed with a few thin-fet Leaves, ranged in no Order, growing always in Threes, on one Foot-ftalk an Inch long. The Top of the Stalk runs out into a Spike of four leav'd Flowers, retting upon Foot- ftalks half an Inch long, confiding of white Leaves, defending the oblong purple Stamina , with a Pointal in the Middle of the fame Length and Colour, but thicker, as in the Heptaphyllum filiquofum. To thefe fucceed Pods three Inches long, fmall, round, green, ending in a (harp Point, and exadly like the Pods of the firft Species. It grows on the Banks of the River Cobre , near the Town of St. fago de la Vega, and in a Place called Guana-boa , near Dr* Cope *s Houfe. 4. Sinapiftrum Americanum, frutefcens, triphyllum, Nafturtii fapore. Blum. leatfn, (fettb, 0mericau gwtaptttnmt, tatting like Crrffc 5. Sinapiftrum Lnfitanicum, triphyllum, flore rubro, filiquis corniculatis. leaP’ri ^o^tnxttefe §>mapttttttm, Priti) a ren jflotoer, ana co^nicttlaten t n- folium Lufitanicum , bivalve , flore ruwt. Mor. Hitt. Oxon* Part. 2. 28?. Trifolium Lufita- mcum , cornictilatum , flore rubro. Park. Theat. 1103 and 1684. This horned Portuguefs Sinapiftrum has fe- veral long and narrow Leaves, three let to¬ gether, lying on the Ground 5 and fo like- wife are the lowermoft on the Stalks that rife about a Cubit high ; with others above Handing either fingle or two together, very narrow and long : The Flowers grow at the Tops of the Stalks and Branches, one at a Place, on a (hort Foot-ftalk, compofed of four Leaves of a deep red Colour, with the Shew of a little Horn in the Middle, which growing bigger, the Flower oftentimes re¬ mains at the Foot of the Horn for a good while, which falling away at laft, and the Pod growing ripe, it contains within it very fmall brownifh Seed. The Root is /lender, and peri/hes ; but by the Seed that it /beds, the Plant is renewed every Year. 6 6 . Sinapiftrum orientale, triphyllum, Or- nithopodii filiquis! flRjtCtlfal’ tlRCLdcaP’Q ^tnaptttntm, uml) TABLE CXVIir. Fig. 2. GENUS III. * Epimedium, T? 2 rtnt^lU 0 Jt is a Plant with a Crofs Flow- ^ er A, confifting of four Leaves B, that are (haped like a Pipe : Out of whofe Flow¬ er-cup C, rifes the Poihrsi D, which after¬ wards turns to a Fruit or Pod E, having but one Cheft, and two Valves F, and full of Seeds. The Species of JBatrCtutyo# are, I. Epimedium. Dod. Tempt. 5pp. Epimedium .quorundam. ]. B. 2. 3 PS- The Root (hoots down obliquely, nor does it dive deep,- and is /lender, creeping and propagating it felf far and wide under Ground. From hence rife fmall, fmoorh, and ftiff Fooc-ftalks, nine Inches long, and fometimes above a Cubit high, divided into three Sprigs or Shoots, each of which is again divided into other three Shoots, fo that upon each of them ftands an Ivy Leaf, almoft round, ft iff, /harp poinred, full of Nerves, grey on the under Side, and of a pale green Colour on the upper Side, having two Wings at the Foot-ftalk, one of them longer rhan the other, dented with gentle Dents quite round, thin, and as it were membranous. There is a lingular Sort of a Branch which comes forth a little below the firft Divifion of the Branches, a Palm or nine Inches long, divided again into Branches, each of which bears feveral (generally three) Flowers, /landing upon their own hairy Foot-ftalks, of a fmgular Structure, fo that they appear to be cut only into four Segments, whereas they are really compofed of eight Leaves: For to the outer Ppp a Leave?; The Coinpleat Herbal. Leaves, which are broader and reddifli,. but of a yellowifli red on the Outfide, and ftriped with white Lines, do ftridly adhere fmaller yellow inner Leaves ; and therefore the Bor¬ ders of the outer Leaves ftiowing themfelves quite round, the Flower appears four leav’d to a negligent Viewer, wich yellow Borders in the Middle l The Middle of the Flower is likewife pofTeffed by yellow Chives. To the Flowers fucceed fmall, oblong, horned Pod* containing flat reddilh Seeds. Cxfalpinw writes. That it grows on the Mountains of Liyuria* Both the Batibins fay, That it grows on the Mountains in the Territory of Marca Trevifana , betwixt the Bath of Aponus and Arqua in Romania , in moift and fhady Places : And Mr. Ray fay s he faw it on the Mountains not far from JPonteba> which parts the Venetian and Impe¬ rial Territories; from whence it appears to be a Native of Hills and Mountains. It flowers in April t or later in cold Countries. When it is tranfplanted to Gardens, it is requifite to reftrain it, becaufe of its very creeping Roots. 2. Epimedium orientale, flore ex albo fla- vefcente. Eternal HBarrentoo#, femh a tuljittfl) relloto flow*. 3. Epimedium orientale, flore albo. gDjt* ental tottb a Mjtte film* Epimedium is thought to be thus called from M and MwJW, i. e. fupra trip by Hum , as if you (houid fa y, Great Trefoil , becaufe this Plant has large Leaves* difpofed in Threes. It is not yet agreed amongft Botanifls what Plant is the true Epimedium of Diofcoridet and Pliny • you may fee the different Opini¬ ons in ?. Bodcevs d Stapel's Commentary upon Tbeophraflus , and in our Parkinfon . As to us Vertues I don’t find any Ac¬ count of them in any Author ; for what the Antients have written of Epimedium is as uncertain whether it belongs to this Plant, as it is whether this is the lame with their Epimedium : Only Lemery tells us in two Words, That it is moiftening and refrefli- ing.. . < SECT. IX. Of Plants with a Crofs flower, whofe Pointal turns to a foft Fruit. TABLE CXVIII. Fig. 2. GENUS. I. Herba Paris, 11) erf) €uie* lobe, or ©ne.benrp. TJfiDtb 3CtttC4ob$ is a Plant with a Crofs “*• ■“ Flower A, confifting of four Leaves B, and generally furnilhed with as many Sta¬ mina G : Out of the Flower- cup D, rrfes the Pointal E, which afterwards turns to a foft Fruit F, which is almolt globular, and divided into four Cells G, and full of Seeds H, which are commonly oblong, The'Species of ^erb lobe are, I. Herba Paris. Did* Pempt 444. 2 ExU£>lobC. Sola um quadrifoltum baccife* rum . C. B. Pin. 167. This Plant has a fmall, jointed, and creep¬ ing Root; a S:aJk moderately thick, round, folid, two Palms high, reddi/h towards the Root, and green above. Two Fingers be¬ low the Top of the Sralk are fee four Leaves, rarely five, broad, from a narrow Bottom, ending in a Point, rugged and full of Nerves, even on the Edges, fhining underneath, but above not fo. The Flower is (ingle in a Husk (haped like a Pike, confiding ot four pointed, pretty broad, greetulh Leaves 5 be¬ tween every two of which grows a very T he Cofflpkat Herbal . 477 thin and very (harp-pointed fmall Leaf of the Difeafcs, and in Poifons taken inwardly fame Colour. The Stamina in every Flower (E. G. in Arfenick-) The outward or extei- are eight in Number, long, fharp, green, nal Ufe of the Leaves is in Plague Sores, and covered with yellow or whitilh Furni- and other hot Tumours, in Felons or Whit- ture. In the Middle lurks a little fertile lows, and in inveterate Ulcers. Schrod. Berry, which is quadrangular, and fome- I cannot help wondering, why other Things times pentagonal, of a black purple Colour; that cool and dry, are not alfo Alexiphar- out of wbofe Navel peep four Filaments mack as well as thefe Berries. The Berries or Threads, of the fame Colour with it. are to be gathered when the Sun is in Ge- There is a great Number of fmall whit6 mini, before Sun-riling. Thefe Berries, to Seeds contained in the Berry, about the Big- the Number of five or nine, powdered and nefs of Poppy or Amaranthus Seed. The taken with the Water of Lime Flowers are Smell is nafty and difagreeable. commended in the Falling-ficknefs ; and half Baubinut has juilly obferved, That it a Dram of this is thought to relieve the is found in a fat and fruitful Soil in the Epileptick, and others who are become fool- Shades of Mountains, Woods, Valleys and ifh eirher through the Length of the Difeafa (hrubby Places, and conlequently in any or from Witchcraft. From them is extracted other (hady Places. a very red Tindture either with the Spirit of It peeps above Ground in the Month of Wine or with the Spirit of Salr. This is an April, arid produces a ripe Berry in May or Ingredient in my Tin&ure of Be^oar. Hoff- June. . rnart. 2. Herba Paris orientalis, foliis denis vel J. Baubinus fays. That it is defervedly duocknis anguftioribus, radiatim pofitis. controverted whether it be fafe to apply Nar- Ctttal ten OJttorfbr coricks in peftilenrial Difeafes. C Hoffman narrow itabis placet! tn tfje iFoim of a appeals to fure and certain Experience. Mat- g>tar. thiolus commends it againft Witchcrafts, and The Herb Paris has not been mentioned fays he has known feveral who had become by any antient either Greek, or. Latin Writer, half Fools by Witchcraft, that were perfectly fo far as we can find : And therefore it has reftored to their fortfier Health by taking a gone by feveral Names with feveral modern Dram Weight of the Seed of this Plant for Authors, every one following his own Judg- twenty Days fuccefifively. But we are of ment or Fancy. For tho* Matthiolus, Cafal- Opinion, That they are not only half Fools pinus, Anguilla a, Camerarius , Dodonceus and but altogether Fools, who can believe that Lugdunenfis do call it Herba Paris, as it is Witchcrafts (if they are any Thing but Poi- now generally termed by all Botanifts ; yet Tons) can be cured either by Herbs, Words, before them Fucbfrn took it to be Aconitum or fuch like Charms. We can fee no Reafon Pardalianches , and to be deadly, or at leaft why Herbs may not correct and cure Dif- dangerous ; but is herein contradicted by eafes, which malicious Creatures have caufed Matthiolus $ and Cordus in bis Hiftory of by corrupting the Humours of the Body. Plan s feems to be of the fame Opinion with That Witches were accounted Poifoners, and Fucbfrn , calling it Aconitum Pa r dalianches that their very Defignarion Veneficce in the Mmococcon . Some called it *Uva vet fa. Tra . ftoman Law imports fo much, may be clearly gus not knowing any Latin Name by which made out from feveral Paffjges in the Corpus others called it, gave it the Name of After, juris civilis : And that pious Priefts took from his own Country People, who called it Occafion from the wicked Pranks of old Sternkyauty but to this he adds non Atticus, Women to fet up their profitable Office of to diftinguilh it from the After Atticus of Di- Exorcifing the Devil and other imaginary of cor ides * He alfo calls it Vva lupina t after Pofleflionifts, when there was in Reality no the German Word Woolf-beer. other Devil in the Perfon potfeffed but an The Berries of this Plant are moftly in obftinate or a rareDifeafe, is as evidenr from ufe. Both the Leaves and the Berries cool innumerable Inftances. But the civilized and dry. The interna) Ufe of che Berries is Part of the World in our Age, blefled be Alexipharmack in thePiague a in contagious God, is happily delivered from the dreadful Appro*. The Comfleat Herbal. Apprehenfions of Magick and Incantation, Witchcraft and Devilry ; and no one gives any Credit to fuch Stories but old Women, old Fools, and old Cheats. Tho’ fame did formerly account this Herb to be not only dangerous but deadly, becaufe of the Refemblance it bears to the Aconites % yet they have not let down any ill Symptoms that it produced ; and therefore Pena and. Lobely in order the betrer to difcover the Qualities of it, made fevera^ Trials of it upon Dogs and other Creatures ; and found by repeated Experiments that it did them no manner of Harm. To carry their Obferva- tions farther, they gave Arfsnick. and Subli¬ mate^ of each half a Dram, to a Dog ; and about an Hour after his taking it, when his ' ftirious and foaming Fits were over, fo that he was ready ro expire, they gave him two Drams of the Powder called Tulvis faxonicm in red Wine; which immediately recovered him. The Receipt of the Powder is this : \ J 5 * Ra dicum Angelica fativce & fylvcftris, Vincetoxiciy Pbtt five Valeri tna majoris, Poly - pod ii quercini, Althe#> £# Vrtica y ana unci am Dimidi am ; Cor t ids Meferei Germanici, Drach¬ mas duas , granorum herbce Paridis i Numero 24, foliorum ejufdem cum toto Numero 3 6 3 ex ra - dicibus cum cortice in aceto maceratis y ficcatss ut cateris & mixtis fiat omnium pulvis. The Powder of the Roots eafes the Pains of the Cholick in a Moment, if taken in Wine. The Leaves are very effe&ual to difeufs all Tumours, and to allay all Inflam¬ mations very fpeedily, as aifo thofe Tumours that happen on the Cods, Privy-parrs, or in the Groin ; they cure green Wounds, and. cleanfe and heal up old putrid Ulcers and Sore*. The Juice or diftilled Water of the Leaves takes away all Heat and Inflamma¬ tion in the Eyes. Par^. Herb True-love , fays Mr. Lemery, contains abundance of Oil, Phlegm, and effential Salt. The Berry/and Leaves are condenfating or thickening, cooling and refolving. The Berry is particularly efteemed in the Plague* and other contagious Dileafes, if taken in¬ wardly. The Leaves are applied to pefti* lential Swellings. V \ The ViCj!-> V ' ' i ] . { i 1 ’ ?, tj ■c ' The Compleat Herbal. \ ' The Sixth CLASS. Of Herbs and Under-Jhrubs , With a Rofe-Flower. 4 19 T H A T is called a Rofe-Flower, which is compofed of many Leaves placed in a round Figure, after which Man¬ ner the Leaves of a fyje are exactly and plainly placed, a$ you may fee in Crow-foot, Peony , and Cinquefoil , In this Fiower the Ranging of the Leaves, and not the Number of them, is required ; lor the one is con- ftant, buc the other uncertain, as in Pafque - Flower , Houfeleck, and Avens : The Number is rarely two or four, unlefs in Inchanter's Fsight-jhade, and fiofebay Willow-herb 5 bur often five. If the Number of the Leaves happen to be four, then the Role-Flower differs from the Crofs-Fiower, in that the Crofs-Flower always confids ot four Leaves, whereas the Rofe Flower confifts fcmetimes of four, and fometimes'of five or fix Leaves, as may be obferved in Climber , Rwe, and Capers, and other Plants. And therefore I was convinced thefe Genuses might be brought: to the Clals of Rofe-Flowers. SECT. I. Of Herbs with a Rofe-Flower , whofe Pointal turns to a Fruit' of one Chejl or Cell } that gapes tranjverjely in two Parts . TABLE CXIX. Fig. i. GENUS I. Amaranthus, ifiouaer-gentle. is a Plant with a Rofe- f lower A £H, confilting of many Leaves C : Ouc of the Middle or Center of which riles the Pointal D I, which afterwards turns to a Fruit, or an oval or almoit globular Husk F, thar gapes nanfverfely in two Parts F K, and is full of Seeds GL, which are commonly roundifh. The Species of are^ T. Amaranthus maximus. C. B■ Pin. 12 0 * SLbe grratfff BlUum max¬ imum , five Amarrtnthus major , femine albe* ]• B. z. 968. Amaranthus major, floribus obfo - leti coloris. Dod. Pempr. 185- In a rich and favourable Soil it grows ro a Man’s Heighth, with a thick, channelled, reddilh Stalk, that is crouded with rhick-fec Branches. The Leaves refemble thofe of the Amaranthus purpurens, but are pointed and larger, of a green pnrplilh Colour, wrinkled and infipid. The Flowers break forth both from the Top of the Stalk and Branches, and alfo out of the Wings of the Leaves, being ranged • into The Compleat Herbal. ■ into thick-fet Spikes, a Palm or a Palm ard a half, and often a Foot long, and fometimes fpreading broadwife like a Mane or Creft, of a footty Colour, or a faded purple, with yellowifti Stamina^ to which lucceea fmall white Seeds, refembhng the Seeds of Millet* 2. A naranthus maximus, paulo humilior, dilutiore panicula, 8c foliis anguftioribus. C B. pin. 121 . 2D!ic greatdi jptocr* gentle, a little lolwer, fcutlr a fainter jfeuflSb ant* naiTotner Beaties* 3. Amaranthus maximus, panicula fparfa & longiori. h. r. Par. 2Dbe greater $lott; er^gentle, a long locfc 15ufl> 4. Amaranthus maximus, femine rubello, qui granis rubris Petri Ciec*. C. B. Pin. 121. m# greater iflotner^geutle, tottlj ren «y Amaranthus maximus, pr*cox, femine pallido. h. f{. Par. 2Dfoe greattft earlp ^flotner.gentle, pale \ 6. Amaranthus lylveitris, maximus, Nov* Anglic, torus viridis. H. R. Par. 2 DI)£ greatett totto i^lotoer^gentle of Cnglmto, all over green. Amaranthus fyl¬ veftris , maximus , Nova Anglia , fpicis viri - dibufytfi. aii Hift. 201. 7I 'Amaranthus fylveftris, maximus, Nov* .Anglia?, fpicis purpureis. Rati Hift. 201. 2Elje greater lotlo (Eaglano jfloo^ eivgentle, t»tt& purple &ptkes. 8. Amaranthus fylveftris, maxim-us, Novae Angliae, fpicis carneis. Rati Hift. 201. 2 D !)0 greateff tutln i^etn Cnglano jflotxier* gentle, M) fteft^coloureti Spifteg. Mr. Ray comprehends all the three laft Species under one, which he has deferibed thus: It has long Spikes, not fo thick-fet as in the Amaranthus vulgaris femine albo , or the firft Species : It has fmaller Ihining Seeds, that are black with a dark red Calt : The Leaves are either put pie or green, according as the Colour of the Spike is. This New England Amaranthus varies migh¬ tily in the Colour of i s Spikes, which is fometimes green, fometimes faint, and fome¬ times faded purple : Nay, the faded or blackilh purple is much more frequent than the green. It renews it felf every Year by its fain Seed : And even the hardeft Winter will not hurt the Seed, as Mr. Ray found in the Year 1684. Mr. Ray is of opinion,' That it varies alfo in the Colour of its Seed : For he fays. He had it growing in his Garden from the Seed, and that it produced White Seed, tho’ it could not be diftinguilhed from that which bore black Seed, either in the Stalk, Leaves or Spikes. 9. Amaranthus coccineus, elegans, max- itnus. Park. 7 beat. 753. SCfje grCatC®, Iieattttfal, fcarlet jflotDetvgeiule. This Flower-gentle rifes up with very great thick, round, tall Stalks, rather higher and bigger than the common greateft Flower-gentle t with as large Leaves on if, or rather larger ; but both they and the Stalks are of a frefli yeliowifli pale green Colour, with very little or no Rednefs on them ar all (and this is one great Mark to know this from the reft before it comes to flower.) The Flowers ftand at the Tops of the Stalks and Branches, more fpread at the Bottom into fundry Parts, the Middle being longeft, and ufually, when it is in dts Perfection, hanging down like z Taffel, the other Parts like fhorter Spikes encompafling it round, which even for the .Proportion is very beautiful, but much more for the Colour, which is an excellent bright fcarlet, which being gathered in the Prime will hold a good while before it decay, efpe- cially if it be kept from Sun and Wind. The Seed inclofed in thefe Tufts is almoft as white and fmall as that of the firft Species ; yet having a little more of the Red in it, where¬ by the Difference may be difeerned. 10. Amaranthus panicula incurva. C. B. pin. 121. jflotuer^gentfe. Amaranthus panicula fpeciofa y criftata. ]. B. 2. 969. Amaranthus holofericeis , fanguineis i reticulatis floribus . Lob. Icon. 252. Of all the Amaranthus 3 /, fays J. Bauhinus; this Species has the molt beautiful Flowers, and is of a mean Size betwixt the Amaran¬ thus obfoleti color is y and that which has a purple filken Spike. It has many Stalks fi¬ fing from the fame Root, which are branched, channelled, and two Cubits high, and co¬ vered with Bark which is full of red Juice towards the Root: The Leaves at Diftancef are fomewhat larger than thole of the Amaran - thus fimplici /pica , but much narrower than the Leaves of the obfolete Species, from whofe Wings, and therefore on the Tops of the Branches, rife Ihining Flowers which are not The Compleat Herbal. . 481 not fo much fpiked, as remarkable for broad crefted Bulhes or Tufts that are wound and interwoven crofswife like a Net, with little Stamina dyed with a bright purple. Some¬ times it bears Tufts or Bullies a Palm long and three Inches broad. II. Amaranthus criftatus, rubicundiflimo flore. H.t{.par. Creffco jflotoer ^gentle, tottl; a berp reo jflotoor. -11. Amaranthus reticulatus feu cornicula- tus, ferotinus, minor. H. l{. Par. SLIjC fmaller, late, n^c^bttn>en o? fjo^nen jFIotn* er^gentle. 13. Amaranthus cramefino colore. Suvert. Crtmfon^coloureo iflotoeDgentle. 14. Amaranthus panicula incurva, lutea. ^lotoer^gentle tout a banning pelloto SCttft. Amaranthus paniculis litteis . H. L. Bat. 15. Amaranthus paniculis luteo-pallidis. h. l. Bat. f ictoeivgentle tott!) pale pzb loto SLufw. 16. Amaranthus.paniculis coccineis. H . L. Bat. jflotoeivgentle tottl) fcarlet SEtift& 17. Amaranthus paniculis ex fufco pur- purafcemibus. H. L . Bat. jflotocr^gentle lmtbSutftb of a mtsktfl) purple Colour. Amaranthus panicula multtplici ex fufco pur- pur afcente. H* R. Par. j 8. Amaranthus paniculis obfolctb viola- ceis. H. L . Bat. J^Otmvpntle tottl) faOCtl lltolet^colourcb SDttfte. Amaranthus panicula multiplici ohfolete violacca. H. R. Par. ip. Amaranthus fimplici panicula. C. B. pin. 121. gnngle^tutteo 3?Iotoer^gentIe. Amaranthus anguflifolius , finplici fpicata pani¬ cula. Lob. Icon. 251. Amaranthtis purpureus , J. B. 2. 968. This is -the Amaranthus pur¬ pureus of Gerarde , and the Amaranthus pur¬ pureus^ minor of Parkinfon . This Species has a thick Root like Blite , fticculent, and of a whitilh red Colour : The Stalk is Angle, purplilh, efpecially near the Root, channelled, hollow with alternate Wings, and a Cubit or a Cubit and a half high : The Leaves are like thofe of Blite y but lharper, foft and fmootb, of a greenilh Colour, fomewhat reddilh about the Edges, and of an infipid Tafte. Inftead of Flowers come forth Spikes on the Tops of the Stalks and Branches, and out of the Wings of the Leaves, very agreeable to the Sighr, but without any Smell, of a Ihining purple Co¬ lour, fmcoth to the Touch,' fometimes Engle, and fometimes feveral joined together, which, when bruifed, yield Juice much of the fame Colour, each Flower is compofed of five fmall Leaves and as many Chives. The Seed when ripe, is black, fmall, Ihining, flippery, round and flar. The Spikes retain their Beauty long after they are gathered, and do not fade or decay for fome Years. The Plant is tender, impa¬ tient of Winter, and is renewed every Year from its own Seed. 20. Amaranthus major, paniculis furre&is, coccineis feu phoeniceis. Mor. Hi ft. Oxort m Fart. 2.602. SDlje greater jflotoer^gentle, tottl) tipdgljt, fcarlet oj purpfecoloureti anufte. 21. Amaranthus major, paniculis flavef- centibus. H . L. Bat. iflotoer^geit^ tie, totdj pcllototfy Cufts. 22. Amaranthus fpicatus, fericeus, flore luteo virefcente. H. Par. §$ptketl ftlkext 3?Iotoer/gentle, totdj a greentffj pelloto plotter. 23. Amaranthus fpicis carneis, inrerfufir flavedine micantibus. H. Par. ffltfiXZZ* gentle totdj flefi>coloureo &ptke£, (Ijintng tottlj Spangles of pelloto. 24. Amaranthus fpicatus, seneo colore fimul & carneo varius. H. i(. Par. &ptketJ jtfotoer^gentle, bartegateo bad) a b^zn ano a j?le(T) Colour. 25. Amaranthus fingularibus paniculis,’ flammeo colore lucentibus. H. B. Par . #Iotoer>gentIe toid) fmgle Xufte, ftnntng tmd) a jHante Colour. 26. Amaranthus aurea fpica, Sc ignis ful- gore verficolori. H. B. Par . jlfloioer^geutlc totdj a goloett i>ptke, that i$j bartegatco totd) a Jftre ffidgbtnete. 27. Amaranthus ficulus, fpicatus, radice perenni. Bocc. Barior. Plant. 1 6. ^tCtliait fptkeo jflotter^gcmle, tottl; a perennial litoot. This Plant bears Leaves in Figure and Form like thofe of common Flower-gentle , but fomewhat fmaller and lharper, Ihining underneath with a foft Down cf a Silver Brigbtnefs; which grow clofe together about many Branches that rife from a ligneous and perennial Root. The Stalk often comes to be an Inch thick, and is as ic were knotted at each Wing. The Spike is more fimple Q q q and The Compleat Herbal. and fmaller than in the others of this Genus, nor is it compared of many as is common in the Amaranthi , but confifts of a long Row of Flowers of a bright red Colour, ranged fingly up to the very Top, with very fmall Cones underneath, that bend down¬ wards, in which is contained an oblong Seed. ( It grows in the Neighbourhood of Cata¬ nia. Mr. Ray faw and gathered this Plant in the Phylick Garden of Meffina in the Year 1664; from whence he fuppofes, that it grew in the Neighbourhood of that City. 28. Amaranthus Americanus, akiflimus, longifolins fpicis b viridi albicantfibus. Plu- *nier. SMI, lono^Iealfts, American V)it\) tnlntift grmt Spikes. 29. Amaranthus panicula conglomerata. C. B- Bin* 121. Amaranthus purpureus, fa- turo coccineus. Lob . Icon • 25 0 .. OJ &eep 4 cadec iflotoor^gentle. 30.. . Amaranthus panicula conglomerata, jnajore, puniceo colore fplendida. Hi R. Par . ^fltilucr^orentle a large conglonte* rater* acti ft, of a flnntng fcarlet Colour. 31.. Amaramhus folio variegato, colore Jiilariori. qui foemina. C- B. Pin• 121* mule jPfotaer^gentle, tmtlj a bartegaten 3 Leaf, of a l)Jtg!)t Colour. Symphonia Dale- champii Jive Amaranthus tricolor • J. B. 2. 670. Amaranthus tricolor . Lob. Icon. jFltyfttttOUt, 0? fptteo jflotter^gentle. This Plant is well defcribed by Gerarde ; *nd therefore I lhall here give you his own Words, without any Alteration. It far ex- ^eedeth my Skill* fays he, to deferibe the Beauty and Excellency of this rare Plant called Floramour r And I think the Pencil of the moft curious Painter will be at a Stay, ■when he (hall come to fee him down in bis lively Colours ; but to colour ir afeer my be ft Manner, this I fay : Floramour has a thick knobby Roor, whereon do grow many thready Strings : From which rifeth a thick Stalk, but tender and foft, which beginneth to divide himfelf into fundry Branches at the Ground and fo upward, whereupon do grow many Leaves, wherein doth confift the Beauty : For, in few Words, every Leaf doth refemble in Colours the moft fair and beautiful Feather of a Parrot, efpecially thofe leathers that are mixed* with, moft fundry. -• 7 Colours, as a Stripe of red, and a Line of yellow, a Dafli of white, and a Rib of green Colour, which I cannot with Words fee forth ; fuch are the fundry Mixtures gF Colours that Nature hath beftowed in her greateft Jollity upon this Flower. The Flowers do grow between the Foot-ftalks of thofe Leaves and the Body of, the Stalk or Trunk, bafe, and of no Moment in Rtfpedfc of the Leaves, being as it were little chaffy Husks of an overworn tawny Colour. The Seed is black and fhining like burniihed Horn. Thus far he : To which 'johnfon adds : I have not feen this thus variegated as our Author mentions, but the Leaves are commonly of three Colours ; the lower Parr, or that next to the Stalk is green ; the Middle red, and the End yellow - or elfe the End red, the Middle yellow, and* the Bottom greeru 32. Amaranthus folio variegato, colore ob- feuriori five mas. C B. Pin. 121. 8}alc JFlottirr^grntle, Mil) a bartegateh Ilcaf, ana a mooirtcure Colour. 33. Amaranthus aculeatus, fpica gracilL fWcfdj? Jflbtetvgcmle, ttfttl) a tlcuoer £>ptke. 34. Amaranthus Indicus, fpinofus, fpica herbacea. H. L. Bat . pjtckft) SltlOtaU jHotoo^genfle, fcntl) an £s>ptke. 35. Amaranthus Indicus,. fpinofus, fpica purpurafeenre. ^tCMv JnOiaU Jrl£ftB£r* gentft, tmri) a purpltift ^ptke. Amaran¬ thus Indicus , fpinofus , fpica caule ruben -• tibtts . Schol. Bor. 36. Amaranthus Indias oriental!?, minimus, fupinus, Portulacae folio, floribus in capitu- lum collecftis. g>mall, lo&, Caff^nfctan Jriolt^gentle, tuttl) a jBurflane lUaf,. ana ifloineco gatijma into a ^an. 37. Amaranthus Graecus, fylveftris, an- guftifolius. Milo, ttarrou^ftafrti, Cjcck Jflo&er^gentle. - > Amaranthus is fo called from clV^Q- flos> VLctpcLivco MarcefcOy and the privative Par¬ ticle cl ; as if you (honld fay, a Flower that never fades or decays 5 and it is ftrange, fays Fliny y that after ail the Flowers are decayed, it will revive in Water, and make Winter Garlands. The general Opinion of moft concerning* thefe Plants as well as all others, is, That thofe that have red Flowers, Seeds or Roots,. are. The Cmpleat Herbal. are good to ftop the Courfes in Women, and all other Fluxes of Blood in Man or Wo¬ man ; and that fuch as are white will ftop the Whites in Women, and Gonorrhoea in Men 5 which though it may happen to an- fwer in fome Inftances, yet that it will hold good in all, will, I believe, be impoftible to prove : However, the Qualities of all thefe being cooling, drying and binding, do, ac¬ cording ro the Teftimony of Hippocrates , ferve to reftrain Fluxes of Blood in Man or Woman. Mr. Lemery fays, That this Herb is moiften- ing, cooling, and binding ; and if taken in Decodtion, is proper to ftop and moderate the Lofs of Blood j but that it is not much ufed in Phyfick. TABLE CXIX. Fig. 2. GENUS II. Portuiaca, purflatte* P fflMane is a Plant with a Rofe-Flower A, confifting of many Leaves placed in an orbicular Figure B : Gut of whofe one-leav’d Flower-cup C, rifes the Poincal D, which together with the Flower dup turns to a Fruit E, which is generally ova], full of fmall Seeds I, and furnifti^d with two Shells or Husks at T^p, of which the outer one F, which was the Part of the Flower-cup that was fplit in two, gapes firft ; and the inner one H, which is nothing but the Pointal enlarged, gapes laft, doubly and tranfverfe- ly ; while the lower or other P^a of the Flower-cup G, adheres to the Foo^alk. from a narrow BottomJ by which they ad¬ here ro the Stalk, roundilh at the End, fmootb, and even about the Edges, and of a fome- what acid Tafte ; among which rife yellow. Star-like, five-!eav*d Flowers, with Chives of the fame Colour. To thefe fucceed ob¬ long Husks, fomewhat larger than a Grain of Barley, which, when ripe, fplit tranf- verfely op, horizontally- in the Middle, and flied a very fmall, duskifh Seed. It is proper to fow it in Gardens on well labour’d and dung’d Beds, in March or the Beginning of April; and it will continue frefli and green from June to the Autumn. 2. Portuiaca anguftifolia five fylvefttis. c. B. pin . 288. jj^rroto 4 eatob cj toito IBttrftanC. Portuiaca fylvefirjs, minor five fpontanea. J. B. 3. 678. Portuiaca fylveflris . Dod. Pempt. 661. This is much fmaller than the former, 1 lying wholly upon the Ground, ahd never riling up from thence. It has a thickilh Roor, and fucculent Branches, which are divided into many Parts. The Leaves are about the Breadth of the Nail of one’s little Finger, fucculenr 5 thick, and of a black-green Co¬ lour. The Flowers are fmall and moffy. In .fiiorr, it fcarce differs from the former in any other Refpedf but in the Smallnefs of its Parts; fo that it is probable the Garden Kind was at firft wild, and became larger by Culture. It grows commonly in Italy, Sicily , G?r- many, and tl^e South of France , on xhc fallow Grounds and by the High-ways* 3. Portuiaca fativa, latifolia, fiavefeens,’ 1 five foliis aureis. tf.R. Par . djJar&CH, bjoate leab’b, pelloto o: pluendeab’tJ $gttrflane. Portuiaca hortenfis , folio fl.ivo, Mor. H. R. Blef. The Species of JMtfianC are, j. Portuiaca latifolia leu fativa. C.-B. Pin. 288. 2 Roab 4 eab’& 04 ©arsetx J$ta*flane. Portuiaca hortenfis , latifolia. J. B. 2. 678. Portuiaca fativa . Dcd. Pempt. 661. This Plant may be reckoned to have a fingle Root rather than otherwtfe, which in Time turns ligneous, and has a few Fibres hanging at ir. It fends forth feverai Stalks a Foot long, and often fiiorter, round j thick, reddilh, not upright, but leaning^ towards the Ground. The Leaves are cpnfufed, thick, and fucculent, gradually dilating themfelves 4. Portuiaca marina, latifolia, flore fuave rubente. Blum . iftQab 4 eab 5 &^ea JMrflane, tottlj a fine tea jTlotoer.. 5. Portuiaca Corafiavica, angufto, longo^ lucidoque folio procumbeus, floribus rubris. Prodr. Par . Bat. Co:afl'abtck Bttrfiane, tot ti) a natroto, long, ana fttnutg lleaf, ana ren jFIotocrg. P ortutaca Coraffavica , angufto, longo , lucidoque folic . Par. Bar. §£a fft? pier. It fpreads around on all Sides, many thick, fucculent, round, red Stalks, that lie upon the Ground, and are divided into many Qqq z Joints: T he Compleat Herbal. Joints : From thefe Joints come forth both Branches, and Leaves that are an Inch and a half long, refembling the Leaves of Chry - fanthemum ai^oidej, triangular, very fuccu- lenr, of a faltifh Tafte that is not difagree- able. From the Wings of the Leaves come forth Flowers with fine thick Leaves, of a purplifh Colour, and fometimes white, fhaped like Stars, with purple Stamina in the Middle, and making a very fine Show. To which fucceed many roundifh, flat Seeds, having a Want in the Middle, of a fhining purple Colour, like Grains of Gunpowder, or like the Seeds of the other Species of Purflane , with a Fiower-cup compofed of fix Leaves, defended by a yellow Cover, and gaping in the Middle, as in the other Purflanes. It varies very much as to Size in different Places. It grows in great Plenty in the Salt Pools made by the Sea, near Pafjage-Fort , Old- Harbour. , and in the Ifland of Cayos near Port- Bpyal y and in othec Parts of the Ifland of Jamaica. 6 . PortuJaca Coraflavica, procumbens, Capparidis folio, flore mufcofo, capfula bi- furcata. Par.Bat. CojaJTaotcMolu J^ttrfiano, Uritlj Caper JUaUcg, a rnoflp Jfloloer, anu a fo;keu I$uok. From a fibrous and wbitifh Root it fends forth a great many Stalks lying upon the Ground, above a Cubit high, like thofe of Garden Pu'/lane, green with a Mixture of purple, thick-fet with Joints on that Part where the Branches and Flowers gow, bend* ing down, fwelling and very much branched. At the Joints come forth orbicular Leaves placed alternately, fomewhat oblong, green, thick, of the Size of Caper Leaves, with reddifh Borders or Edges, and hanging at thick Foot-ftalks half an Inch long 5 fuch of them as (land next the Root are largeftj but fuch as adorn the Branches are fmaller and narrower, and end in a ftnall red Point. The Flowers are fmall and reddifh, confifting of five Leaves, with Stamina of the fame Co¬ lour, riling out- of the Joints or Bofoms of the Branches, fitting in fmall oblong Flower- cups, which turn to flat oblong Seed-vef- fels, which are green on the lower Parr, Juicy, reddifh and forked on the upper Parr, Jplitting horizontally ; the lower Part of which refembles a little membranous Bag that contains four or five flat and blackifh Seeds. This Parc of the Husk flicks deep in the Junctures or Bofoms of the Branches ; infomuch that they cannot be taken out with' out either breaking or ftretching the Branches. But when the Seeds are fully ripe, and the Cover broken, the lower Bag dries, fo that the Seed apears lying as it were in a Ditch or Furrow. The upper Parc or Cover is thick and greenifh ; and when it joins to the lower Cover is fomewhat reddifh ; the Top of which is cut in two, and appears as it were forked. 7. Portulaca Curaflavica, lanuginofa, Kali folio eredlior & elatior, flore dilutius rubente. Prodr- Par. Bat. ^0^0 ttprigljt atlU talltr, uoUmp, Cttraffairick purflane, tottlj a Mli luaf, anu a faint m jfloloer. Pot - tulaca Corajjavica , lanuginofa , erefta. Par, Bat. The Root is garniflied with many hairy Fibres, and fends up feveral branched, round, downy Stalks, above a Foot high, of a green- ifh red Colour ^ which are cloathed from Top to Bottom with narrow, roundifh Leaves that grow in no regular Order, a Finger or a Finger and a half long, ending in a fharp Point, and refembling the Leaves of Fleavoort as to their Shape, being thick and fucculenr, tender, and often bending down with their own Weight. At the Rife of thefe, but efpe- dally about the Tops of the Branches^Tt is covered with a thick Down, whiclr in the fmaller Species is longer. The Tops are ex¬ panded into many Leaves, from among which come forth Flowers without Foot-ftalks, of a purple Colour, or of a faint red Colour mixed 404 th purple, confifting of five round¬ ifh Leaves, ending in a fmall Point, with a yellow Star compofed of little Stamina (land¬ ing in the Middle like a little Crown. To thefe fucceed fmall roundifh Seed-vefTels, that break horizontally in the Middle, and fhed fmall blackifh Seeds. 8. Portulaca Curaflavica, lanuginofa, Kali folio humilior 8c fupina, flore faturatius 8c elegantius rubente, capfulis in fummo non- nihil acuminatis. Prodr. Par. Bat. JlOttTC ana leaning, uoUm^CuraffaUtckiktirflano* Uritlj a Clafetoo:t tlcaf, a jFIoiotr of a Utep anu Beautiful rcu Colour, anu IBuoks at 2Dop fontefcrfjat potmeu. portulaca co- rajjavica 3 lanuginofa procumbent % Par. Bar. the Contpleat Herbal. In its native Soil it fcarce ri fes a Palm high, and is covered all over with Down or thick and hairy Flox. But when the Seed is Town on a fruitful and well-laboured Soil, it produces tbick-fet Stalks nine Inches high, branched, round, partly lying upon the Ground, and partly (landing upright, and downy 5 the Down coming forth in abun¬ dance at the Rife of the Leaves. The Leaves are green, (hining, thick, refembling the Leaves of fmall Houfeleeh^, but not fo round on the Surface, but plain, fcarce an Inch long, pointed, growing thick and without Order. Among the Leaves on the Tops of the Stalks are fpread moft beautiful little Flowers, of a deep red Colour, and fome- what (mailer than the Flowers of common Purflane . 9. Portulaca Curaffavica, Ianuginofa, Kali folio, bumilior 6c fupina, flore faturatius 8c elegantius rubenre, capfulis in fummo con- cavis. Prodr. Par. Bat. Holm ana leaning, fcotemv, Ctirafta&ck purflane, tattl) a jHctoec of a beautiful neep reo Colour, ana Ijotfom Kusfts at SCop* The Species of Purflane may be known, without Flower or Fruit, by their thick flelhy Leaves alternately placed. > Portulaca was called by the Greeks Ai'cfpct^rw and A dpcL'xyn. Turnebus was of opinion, That Portulaca might be likewife called Portulata , becaufe the Leaf refembles a little Door : But this he fays without Warrant or Au¬ thority from any antient Author. Others are of opinion. That it is called Portulaca quafi Porculaca , borrowing its Name from Hogs, becaufe the Hogs are great Lovers of this Herb : And dpuleius writes, That what the French call Porcelia or PorceUina , Por- cellaine y (from whence our Englifh Word Purflane) was called Procafirum . The latter Greeks call it Xoi^CoJdm, which may be rend red Porculaca or Hogs-Herb » Exempla vide apud j fa. Bod. d StapeL This Herb is much ufed in Sallads : It allays the Heat of the Stomach, and reftrains the Boiling of the Bile ; and is therefore proper in putrid and malignant Fevers, in Heat of CJrine and in the Scurvy. Ic is an Enemy to Luft, and hinders venerial Dreams and nocturnal Pollutions; and therefore ought to be recommended to fuch as love Cbaftity, or fucii as are too rampant in Feats of Love : I am fureit would be more proper for Monks and Nuns, and fuch as have devoted themfelves to a (ingle Life, than a Fifh or Egg Diet, or all the Cords and Halters with which they belabour their fat Sides. The Leaves eaten raw cure Teeth that are fet on edge, and fattens loofe Teeth, it is given with good Succefs to Children that have Worms. But we mutt be cautious of ufing ic too much, becaufe it is apt to putrify and cor¬ rupt in the Stomach, by Reafon of its Cold- nefs and Moiftnefs, and to dilfolve the Tone of it and the other Vifcera ; which Mr. f{ay tells us he has experienced more than once in himfelf. It is commonly pickled here in England with Salt, Vinegar, and Spices, in the fame Manner that Capers , Broom-Flowers , Birds' tongue y Sampire 9 8cc. are pickled for Sauces ; and thus prepared it is more agreeable and friendly to the Stomach than raw. Galen tells us, That Pur/lane is cold in the Third Degree, and moift in the Second, and is therefore proper to cool any Heat in the Liver, Blood, Reins, and Stomach 5 and that in hot Agues nothing is better. It flops hot and cholerick Fiuxes in the Belly, Wo¬ mens natural Courfes, the Whites, and Go¬ norrhoea, Diftillations from the Head, Want of Sleep, and Frenzy. The Seed is more effe&ual than the Herb, and is of a lingular good Ufe to cool the Heat and Sharpnefs of Urine, and to reftrain the outragious Luft of the Body, venereous Dreams and the like ; infomuch that the over frequent Ufe of it extinguifhes the Heat and Vertue of natural Procreation. So that if any one is troubled with a Priapifm, or has the Flames of Love burning too hot in his Breaft or elfewhere, he knows whereto find a Cure.. The Females are cloathed with a natural Modefty, which renders them fo amiable in the Eyes of Men, and do not ftand in Need of any Antidote againft this Poifon. The Juice of the Herb is Angularly good in Inflammations and Ulcers in the (ecrec Parts of Man or Woman, being conveyed into the Parts by a Syringe. The Herb bruifed and applied to the Forehead and Temples, allays the exceflive Heat and Pain that occafions Want of Reft and Sleep ; and applied to the Eyes, cakes away Rednefs and Inflammation in them j and ^. 8 6 The Cowpleat Herbal. and cools thofe other Parts where Puflies, Wheales, Pimples, Sr* Anthony* s Fire, and the like, break forth, efpecially if a little Vinegar be put to it. The Juice alfo is ufed with Oil of Rojis for the fa id Purpofes, or for Blaftings by Lightning, or Burnings by Gunpowder ; as alfo for Womens fore Breads- Camerarius fays, That the diftilled Water ufed by fome removed the Tooihach, when all ether Remedies failed , and that the thickened Juice made up into Pills with the Powder of Gums Tragacanth and Arabic cured thofe who made bloody Water. SEC The wild Purjlane is ufed as familiarly in Sa’lads and Meats, in many Parts beyond Sea, where *t grows in great Plenty, as the Gar¬ den Kind ; and they find it a no iefs effe¬ ctual Remedy for moft. of the mentioned Difeafes ; only it does rot cool (o power¬ fully, but is more aftringent and drying for Fluxes and the like. Lemery tells us, That Purflane contains a- bundance of Phlegm and Oil, and little Salt. From this Plant are prepared,. The thick¬ ened Juice, The -diftilled Water from the Herb, A Simple, and a compound Syrup, and a Conferve of the Leaves. T. II. Of Herbs with a Rope-Flower ^ whofe Pointal or Cup turns to a Fruit with one Cell. TABLE CXX, CXXI. GENUS I. Papaver, is a Plant with a Rofe-Flower A R, •*- confifting commonly of four Leaves C, placed orbicularly': Out of whofe two* leav’d Flower-cup D, rifes the Pointal E F, which afterwards turns to a Fruit or Husk G H I L, which, is oval or oblong, and adorned with a little Head MNOQ, under which in lome Species is opened a Series of breathing Holes or Spiracles quite round R S, into the Cavity of the Fruit, which is defended lengthwife with various Leaves or Plates T P, to which very many Seeds, commonly very (mail U X, adhere, as to their Placenta;. The Species of JBoppp are, i. Papaver horcenfe, femine albo, fativum Diofcoridis, album Plinio. C. Pin. 170. ©arfcnx JBoppp, fond) tuijue Pap*~ ver album. J. B. 3. 390. Papaver album fa- tivum. Lob. Icon. 272. The general Defcriprion of Garden Poppy\ of which there are many Varieties, is this : It has a Root about the Thickneis of one’s Finger, which is full of bitter Milk, as is the whole Plant. It rifes with a Stalk' a Yard long, divided into Wings or Branches commonly fmOotb, but fometimes.moderately hairy ; on which are let Lettuce Leaves, which are oblong, jagged, curled, and of a grey Colour. The Flowers are fometimes Engle, and fometimes double, fringed, and not fringed ; of a white, red, Fiefti, or va¬ riegated Colour, fupporred by a two-leav*d Cup; but tbefe Leaves of the Flower-cup commonly fall when the Flowers blow. When the Flowers are decayed, they are fucceeded by a Husk or Shell, that is globu¬ lar, or rather oval or dblong, fometimes as big as a Hens Egg, and fometimes no bigger than a Walnut, crowned with a ftarry Cha¬ piter, and containing, within membranous Partitions, Seed that is fometimes black, fometimes duskilh, and fometimes white. The green Plant breaths a nafty and fickiy Smell that dilorders rhe Head. 2. Papaver hortenfe, femine albo, fativum Diofcoridi, album Plinio, fibre leviter pur- pureo s ' I ■ '-V**'" ' ■ rli*. £ The Compleat Herbal. pureo. C. B. Pin. 170. atBen Uritlj a tobitc f&eD, ano a faint purple eolottyen jrlotm. 3. Papaver hortenfe, femine albo, fativum Diofcoridi, album Plinio, flore cinereo, un- gue purpureo. C. B. Pin . 170. ©a^bOlt JBop^ pp, iDitlj fttyte an ^colourcm JrlotBcr, anb a purple $atl. 4* Papaver hortenie, femine albo, fativum Diofcoridi, album Plinio, flore candido, ru- bris maculis infe&o, 8c femine flavo. C.B. pin . 170. ©amen ^Boppp, Itittlj mfttte oj vellotu £>m> anb a tobite Jflotoer mark* en luitfj rob £>poted 5. Papaver hortenfe, nigro femine, fyl- veftre Diofcoridis, nigrum Plinio. C. B, Pin. 170. ©amen ^Boppp, tmtlj black g>erb* Papaver nigrum, fativum . Dod. Pempr. 445. This differs nothing from the firft Species, unlefs that its Flower is red, that its Shell or Head is rounder, and that its Seeds are black. 6 . Papaver hortenfe, flore pleno, violaceo. h. r. Par. ©amen #oppp, bntlj a bottble natolet iflobior. 7. Papaver hortenfe, flore pleno, dilute violaceo. h. t(. Par. ©amen ^Boppy, tmtlj a bouble fatnt TOolet iflotoer* 8. Papaver vulgare, cujus capirula fora- minibus hianr, femine incano, dypu'oTipcv Di- ofcoridi. C. B. Pin. 170. Papaver fativum tertium. Dod* Pempt. 445. This is the Pa¬ paver fpontaneum Jylveflre of Gerarde. MUlb ^Boppn. The Root is white, Angle, (fometimes fur- culous) and pretty thick. The Leaves are finuated, fmooth, grey, dented round the Edges, growing to the Stalks without Foot- ftalks, and fee fingly. The Stalk is a Cubit high or better, fometimes as thick as one’s Finger, round, fmooth, folid, and branched.. The Flowers rife fingiy on the Tops of the Stalks and Branches, {landing upon long Foot^ftalks, very large, four-leav’d, of a purplilh white Colour, and the Leaves near the Nails ftained with large deep purple Spots. In the Middle of the Fiower, in- ftead of a Pointal, a great many white Seeds fupportirg blackilh Chives, Hand round the Chapiter or Head, The Flower-cup confifts of two Valves, which falls away as foon as the Flower blows- The gr?at roundifh Heads with a Srar-fafliioned Cover on. the Navel, 487 are divided into as many liftle Cells as there are Rods or Lines in the Navel, and are full of numberlefs Seeds. The whole Plant is fwelled with a bitter milky Juice, which flows out upon Cutting. It flowers here with us in June. 9. Papaver flore rubro, femine fufeo. C. B. Pin. 171. Tlebdicftorb Popp, bntjj a bark bjoklu 10 cm. Papaver flveflre five ni¬ grum Dodoncei. Lugd. 17IO* 10. Papaver criftatum, floribus 8c femine album. C. B. Pin . 171. Crcftcb pOppP>. tattl; tuTjtte jflotnero ants feem. papaver fimbriatumaut criftatum album. Lob. Icon. 273. Papaver fimbriatum, flore albo. J. B. 3. 391. The Leaves of this Poppy are very much finuated or crefled ; anti the Flower is all jagged or finely cut round the Edges, and is white, as is the Seed alfo. 11. Papaver criftatum, floribfts rubris, fe¬ mine nigro. C. #. Bin. 171. Papaver fimbri¬ atum, aut criftatum, nigrum. Lob. Icon. 273. Papaver fimbriatum, flore purpureo. J. B. 3.. 39i. Creftm JBcppy, fend; mb Jflotoer^ anb black §>em. This Species differs in nothing from the former, but in the Colour of the Flowers and Seed. 12. Papaver criftatum, floribus ex albo 8c rubro mixtis. C. B. Bin • 171. CtCftcb' Pcppp, tuttlj JHctocm nurob of fttytte anb rob. 13. Papaver criftatum, flore fimplici, pur- pnrafeente, unguibus plumbeis. H. R. Par . Croffob Poppv, fcritg a ftnede purplt® Jfloter, anb 2leab*coloureb jgatfe. 14. Papaver flore mulcipiici, purpurafeen- te. Eyft. ^oppv tuft!) a boublo pltrpltdj iflctner. 15. Papaver flore multiplied incarnato. Eyft*. ^Bcppy tottb a bottble Carnation JFotoor. 16. Paraver flore miniato, pieno. E)fl» ^Boppy tmef) a tillcrmtlion nouble JfloUirr* 17. Papaver flore pleno, argentei colorist Eyft. iBcppntbtd) a boublo isnlbor^colottrcb JFlotfer* 18. Papaver multiplex, album, oris rubi¬ cund is. Eyft*. WSBUtt boublo^Boppy, feritfr rob 19.. Papaver flore pleno, album. C. P. pin . 171. Mbit* ^Boppp, toitlj a bcuble BflObJCr. Papaver rnUitiflorum^ niveum . Ta- bern. Icon, 573.. 20, Pa^ The Commie at Herbal. 20. Papaver flore pleno, purpureo* C. B. pin, 171. j^cppp tmt!j a tumble purple jflOtUfC. Papaver multiflorum, purpureum* Tabern. Icon. 575. 21. Papaver pleno flore, rubeo, faturato. C £. pin. 171. jsoppp tettb a beep l&tbp bOttble Rioter. Papaver Polyanthos tertid . Tabern. Icon. 571. 22. Papaver pleno flore violaceo. C. B . P/». 171. JBoppp tottb a rouble tmtolet J?lOlBer. Papaver Polyanthos quarta. Tabern. Icon. 572. 23. Papaver album, polyanthos, minus, "Tabern* Icon . 572. 0 maII, btfjttf, Itiaup^ Gctoer’b #oppp\ 24. Papaver pleno flore, nigrum. C. #. l Pa». 171. Black, bonblerfto^ec'b Jdoppp* Papaver nigrum y Polyanthos feu tnultiflorum. Lob. Icon. 273. 25. Papaver flore pleno, laciniato, elegan- ter ftriato. Hort . Edinb* JBoppP tUltb a rouble, jaffger, anb beautiful!? Ifripeb Jriolrier. 26. Papaver laciniatis floribus. C. B. Bin* 17 1 , ^oppp tuttb iaggeb JflolmO* Pa¬ paver laciniatum , rubrum , *z//W unguibus pur- puretSy aliud unguibus al bis* Eyft. 27. Papaver erraticum, majus, po/ctV Di- ofcoridi, Theophrafto, Plinio. C- B. P/w. 171. 5 L$eb ^oppp Cojn^oie. Papaver erra- ticurrty rubrum , campefire • ]. B. 3. 35? 5. P4- paver erraticum . Dod. Pempr. 447 - This wild P/7 has a white Angle Roor, furniflied with a few Fibres, and as thick as one’s little Finger. From the fame Root, in a good Soil, rife feveral Stalks above a Cubic high, round, rough with ftiff Hairs, [the Hairs towards the Tops of the Stalk and Branches do not ftand out ftraight from them, but lie clofe to them] firm, branched, with Branches riling alternately out of the Bofoms of the Leaves. The Leaves are cut here and there into a great many Jaggs, like the Leaves # of the greater Ragweed, or com¬ mon Grounafel , or Bucky-horn Plantain y (each Jagg ends in a Point) hairy, and dented round the Edges. The Flowers on the Tops of the Stalks and Branches, (which ftretch out upon very long Foot-fialks) open them- felves and blow out of a conical, double- valved, hairy, greenilh Husk, which decays very foon, and are very large, con lilting of lour Leaves, which from a narrow Bottom dilate chemfelves into a circular Circumfe¬ rence, of a beautiful fcarler Colour, and quickly fall. The Head in the Middle of the Flovver is furrounded with a vaft Croud of dark purple Stamina, with Chives of the fame Colour, which are full of a fine yellow Duft within. The Head it felf is oblong, fmooth, with a Scar-falhioned Navel or Co¬ ver, divided into as many Cells as there are Lines in the Scar, and full of infinite Seeds of a dark blue purplilh Colour. When the Stalks are cut they pour forth a great deal of bitter Milk, that has a very offenfive Smell. It grows every where among the Corn^ and flowers about the Beginning of June. Mr. Bay fays, He has obferved two Spe¬ cies or Varieties of this Plant: The one has a yellowifli, the other a white Root ; The firft has white Prickles on the Stalk, the other red : The former has a longer Flower- cup, and a larger Flower of a deeper Colour, and black Nails ; the latter has a (hotter Flower-cup, and a fmaller, paler Flower, with Leaves narrower at the Nails or Roots, and without any Spots. DodonceuSy Bauhinus and others, make a double Species of this Plant ; the greater now described, and a fmaller one, with fmaller oblong Leaves, not divided or cut in the Edges likeRoc^ Leaves, but only dented, and like the former in all other Refpe&s* This Species of Poppy likewife varies fometimes in the white Colour of its Flow¬ er, and the manifold Series cf its Leaves, and is cultivated in Gardens by Reafon of its Rarity and Beauty. But we (hall find a great many more Varieties or Species in our Author, which are as follows. 28. Papaver erraticum, majus, foliis flo- rum variegatis. H. R. Par. <£>#at tbtlb ? 9 oppp but!; tl;e lUabes of tts Jflotoers bariegateb. 2 9. Papaver erraticum, majus, flore albo. c. B. pin. 171. } Intel) a iftelHoloiire® Jflotoer. 32. Pa- The Co tuple at Herbal. 32. Papaver erraticum, plcno flore. C. B: pin. 171. HDouble^flotoet’D totlo $opyy. Argemone multiplex. Trag. lip. 33. Papaver erraticum, pleno flore mini- aco. H. R. Par. ^oppy, luttf) a Double ©ermtliott iflotoer. 3^. Papaver erraticum, pleno flore igneo. h. r. Par. Mtlo ^oppy, tottlj a Double fiery ifloluer. 35. Papaver erraticum, pleno flore igneo, tnarginibuscandidii. H.L-Bat. CSIilD p)0P# py, toitlj a Double fiery JFlotoer, auo toljite jiBo?ocrs. 36. Papaver erraticum, pleno flore pur- purafcente. H. R. Par. Will) ^Oppy, lUttl) a Double purplifl) jrloioec. 37. Papaver erraticum, flore pbcentceo, pleno, unguibus albif. H. R- Par. CCitlll poppu, totil) a Double purple JFlobJer, anD tointe iBails. 38. Papaver erraticum, miaus. C. B. Pin. 171. Tabern. Icon. 575 . j&malllmlb #oppp. 39. Papaver erraticum, capite oblongo, hifpido. Mtln poppy, tottft an oblong bjtfllp l^taD* Anemone capitulo breviori . C. B. Pin. 172. Argemone capitulo breviore , hifpido . ]• B. 3. 396. Argemone capitulo torults ennui at o five Argemone Lacunae. Lob. Icon. 2 76, This is the Argemone capitulo rotundiore of Parkjnfon , and the Argemone capitulo to - rulo of Gerarde. &0Unb, r0ttgl)4)Catl£&, baCLarri The Leaves are hairy and finely cur, like thofe of Adonis , or horned Violet Poppy. The Stalks, from a (ingle (lender Root, are many, above a Foot high, fmall, hairy and branched; The Flowers are fcarler, falling very quickly, larger than Adonis Flowers, and of a Poppy Shape. The Heads are fhaped like a Top, about the Bignefs of a Ha^le Nut, be fee all around with ftiff Prickles, covered with a dented Star, full of numerous Seeds, which are generally fmall, round and black. Ic is to be found among the Corn, and in fallow Ground, and upon Ditches, efpecially in a gravelly Soil. 40. Papaver erraticum, capite longiore, hif¬ pido. f*cppp, batch a longer b?tftlp Argemone capitulo longiore • C. B. Pin* 172. Lob* Icon. 276. Argemone capitulo longiore , fpinofo, ]. B. 3. 396. JlOHg, rCttg!)* ijmcb, baton #oppp. The Leaves of this Species are fmaller,’ and more finely cut than thofe of the com¬ mon wild Poppy . There are feveral Stalks from the fame Roor, which are rough with long Hair; and fometimes there is but one Stalk. The Flowers are of a purple Colour, with black Nails, much fmalier than thofe of common wild Poppy ; and very quickly falling. To thefe fucceeds an oblong chan¬ nelled or furrowed Head, which is covered with a Star-fafhioned Cover, befet with white, thin-fet and gentler Prickles, that look up¬ wards. The Seeds are fdiall, and when ripe, black and fhrivelled. The Root is pretty long and (ingle. It is to be found among the Corn, and on the Borders of Fields, but not very commonly. 41. Papaver erraticum, capite lon^idimo, glabro. Mtln $oppp, haul) a ben> long, fmoot!) Igeab. Argemone capitulo longiori, glabrc. Morif. H. R. Blef. The Leaves are more cut than thofe of common wild Poppy , but lefs cut than the, Leaves of Argemone capitulo hirfuto. It bears a purple Flower, to which fucceeds a Head two Inches long, fmooth, and containing fmall rough Seed in triangular Cells, after the Manner of other Poppies. 42. Papaver erraticum, foliis non difledh'sj Mtln poppy, tottlj entire Heabes* Pa - paver Rfteat, integro folio , Hifpanicum» Bocc. Muf. Parr. 2. 77. Tab. 65. 43. Papaver erraticum Pyrenaicum, flore flavo. c. B- Pin. 171. pyrcucan briln q^oppv, tuft!) a yeHob) Jflotuer. Papaver erraticum , Pyrenaicum, luteo flore. Pro dr. 92. 44. Papaver Alpinum, faxatile, Coriandrt folio, l&ock Poppy of t\)t 3 Ip$, bait!) a Cojtanoer :Leaf. Argemone Alpina , Corian - dri folio. C. B. Pin. 172. Argemone giallo . Pon. Bald* Ital. 100. This Species has many Leaves at a fmall Root; which are fmooth and green, and cut into many fmail Wings or Divifions like the Leaves of Shepherds-needls : Among which rife up two or three naked Stalks, a Palm high, covered with very fmall and fine Hair, . which fuftain one yellow, four-leav’d Flower each, of a middle Size. From the Navel of the Flower peep out a great many yeilowifli Chives. To the Flower fucceeds a lmall roundilh and roughilh Head which contains the Seed* This Rrr 4 P° the Compledt Uerhal. This Plant was found amongft the Stones Space of twelve of fifteen Days' till the and Rocks on a Hill called Sene berg . Liquor be of a very deep red Colour. Prefs 45. Papaver orientale, hirfutiflimum, flore it out with all your Might j that fo you may iriagno. rcttgl) OJICUtal ^oppp, ftlttl) have all the gummy and refinous Vertue : a la tttz iFlotoer* # Draw from it in an evavorating Bath the 46/Papaver orientale, tenuiter incifum, clear Water, till nothing remains but the ad caulem fioridum* 2 D^tCUtal J£oppP, gummy and refinous Subftance, which you fintlp Cttt, l)at)tng tij£ &talk hefet tuttlj may, if you pleafe, put into cold Water JflOlPetSk while it is yet warm ; and thus it will. 47. Papaver orientale, Hypecoi folio, fru- quickly congeal/ Of this, fays he, is made du minimo* Cental ^Cppp, iPttlj a the true and approved Opium, not in the leaft ii5arrenUi0:t 3Uaf, ant« a Peep Cmall fophifticated, (you muft underftand that this JFctitt. is German Opium ) and which may be given Vojfius is of opinion. That Papaver comes inftead of foreign Opium . 3. The ,diftiHed i Papo , as cadaver a cadi): The Word may Water from the flowers, or the flowering have arofe from its being put into Papa in Heads* 4* The fimple Syrup from the De¬ order to procure Sleep. Now Papa (which codion of the Heads of Poppy and Penidium is commonly and erroneoufly written Pappa , or twifted Sugar* 5. The compound Syrup, with two pp’s) is the Food of Children, which is made up with other Pedorals. which we call Pap at this Day ; whence we 6. The firft Eleduary, or Diacodium Jimplex , have the Verb pappo in Per fins* - pap pare made of the Decodion of the Heads of minutum Pofcis , &c. white Poppy , with Sugar, Honey or Soap By the Greeks it was called Mrntuv and M»- with Liquorice. 7. The fecond Eleduary, aww, (for ic is written both Ways) to pn or Diacodium Montani , or Syrupus de filiquis , xfiv&v d non miniftrando } becaufe thofe that eat made of the Decodion of the Heads of white, it are not fit to go about any Service or Bu- Poppy with the Husks, the Roots of Marflo- finefs* Mallows and Liquorice , with Sugar-candy and One of the Kinds is called RhceaSy from twifted Sugar. 8* The third Eleduary, or plu fluoy becaufe as forne would have it, the Diacodium Atiuariiy which is made up of juice flows from it. Ga%a tranflates it flui- Aftringents. 9* The fourth Eleduary, or Di- dum , becaufe the Flower falls prefently af- acodium in Solido y /• e. of fytuUy made with ter it blows* an Emulfion and Sugar. 10. The Lohoc. The white Garden Poppy is more ufed in 11* The Oil which is preffed from the Seed. Id* Phyfick than the black, becaufe it is reckon- The thickened Juice of Poppy is called cd fafer ; and of that the Flowers, Seed, Opium : Now this is the Juice which flows and Heads Both with and without the Seed from a Wound made in the Head ; for that are in Ufe. It cools and moiftens. Its chief which is fqueezed or prefled from bruifed Ufe is for procuring of Sleep, in the Afle- Poppy is called Meconium . Pliny tells us*, dions of the Cheft, and of the L-ungs, That when the Heads and Leaves are boiled Specially in a Cough, Hoarfencfs, and Con- the Juice of them is called Meconiumy which fumption* It is ufed likewife in Fluxes and has not near fo much Vertue as Opium • Loofenefs, Ic is applied externally to the Both the diftilied Water, and the Oil of Head and Feet, in order to eafe Pain, and Popp /». but efpecially Opium % is narcotick and procure Sleep* Scbrod. anodyne, that is, procures Sleep, and takes There are feverai Preparations of this away the Senfe of Pain. This it effeds, not Plant*. I* The thickened Juice* 2* The by its Coldnefs, as Tome fancy, (fince both its Extrad, which Quercetanus prepared after bitter Tafte, its oftenfive Smell, its Inflamma- the following Manner : Take of the Heads bility, and its Power of Exulcerating evince of Poppy as much as you will, when ic begins the contrary) but by fome Quality Bar we so lofe the Flowers, (that is the beft which have not >et been able to difeover. It is cf ex- bears red Flowers) bruife them, and digeft cellent Ule in a Diarrhoea or Flux, in a Dy- them iii Balneo Maris, with Honey Water fentery or bloody Flux, in Catarrhs, Coughs, siked with Wine, or with Canary^ for the (&.. Bur great Caution muft be ufed in taking it. .. Wfaas. The Compleat Herhal. 491 What BeHomtis fays of Opium deferves to be read, and therefore we (hall fee it down under this Head- Opium is now made in Turfy, fays he, efpecially in Achara, Cara - ebara , Spartada, Emetelinda , and other Towns in the Neighbourhood of Paphlagonia , C^- Wocs* and Ci 7 icj>. They fow Fields with white Poppy as we do with Wheat. In fow- ing they obferve this Regulation, That every Ruftick (hall only fow as much as he thinks he has Servants enough to gather. When the Poppy has bore its Heads, they cut them gentlely, from whence there flow out fome Drops of milky Juice, which they fufler to congeal : And there is no Turk , how poor foever, but buys it, and carries it about with him both in Time of Peace and War. A Merchant Jew from Natolia affirm’d to me for Truth, That there pafles not a Year in which there is not carried out of Paphlagonia , Cappadocia , Galatia and Cilicia fifty Camel Loads of it, to Perfia , India and Europe, and other diftant Countries^ and over the whole Dominions of the Great Turk • He faid moreover. That it was more in Ufe among the Perfians than among the Turks . I had once a Mind to try how great a Dofe of it might be given at once without Harm. I found One who ufed to eat : it every Day, who in my Prefence eat half a Dram Weight of ir. Next Day I gave him a whole Dram at once, which did him no Manner of Pre¬ judice, unlefs that he feem’d as if he was drunk. The Turks praife ir, and perfuade themfelves that it makes them more coura- gious and Iefs afraid of the Perils of War ; fo that when the Grand Segnior is raffing an Army, it is confumed to that Rate, that«ikere is none of it left in the Country. Mr. I$ay fays, He has tried Opium , and obferved no other Symptom, but that it warmed his Breaft, and difturbed his Head a little, and made him dofe and dream. He believes, That if the People of Europe, as for Inftance, the French, Germans and Itali¬ ans would take as much Pains about it as the Turks do, it might be made in thole Cbuntries as well as in Afia • For Natolia is as cold a Climate as France. ' The beft Opium is very bitter, warm to the Tafte, infomuch that it inflames the Mouth. It is of a yellow Colour, inclining to the Colour of a Lion's Hair, made up into a Mafs as it were of many fmall Grains of a different Colour. The Smell is heavy and ftrong. But akho’ it is true, that the Turks „ Perfians and other Eaflern Nations ufe Opi- um to revive their Spirits, beget Courage, and render them bold in warlike Conflicts, (for it intoxicates in the fame Manner as Wine and other ftrong Liquors) yet the chief Reafon why they continually eat ir, is to ftir up Luft 5 as they confefs themfeives in pri¬ vate Conventions, to fuch as they can be free with* And D. Sacbfius , in Epbemer „ German . An. 2* Obferv . 69. fays, That he was informed by a great many Perfons, That after the Battle fought at Leven% in Hun¬ gary, when the Chriitian Soldiers were (trip¬ ping the Turks who had been killed, they found many of them with a ftrong Erection 5 which doubtlefs was occaiioncd by their ta¬ king Opium before the Battle, [I very much queftion the Validity of this Argument, be- caufe I have been credibly informed by ma¬ ny .Officers, who had been in the late War in Flanders , That nothing is more common than for dying Men to have an Eredtion at the very Point of Death, which continues fome Time after.] But as to Sachfim s fancy¬ ing that Opium may provoke fome to Luft, vi%. the Eaflern People, and that it has a quite contrary Effedfc on the IVeflern and Northern People, feems to me very impro¬ bable 5 for 1 have not the leaft Doubt but ic ftimulates in both. The Indians prepare an Eledluary of Opium (fays "fob. Saar in his nine Years Travels into India ) which the Cbinefc ufe to excite Luft j . by the Ufe of which they become fo potent and rampant, that they will do Duty a whole Night without Intermiflion, their Miftrefles being fo overcome, that they are forced to make their Efcape, as not being able to fuftain the vigorous Efforts of their Lovers. Olearius , in his Journey into Perfia , relates. That Opium is taken for the fame Purpofes by the Perfians and Indians • Ittnerar. Perfic . L. V. cap . 15 and 18. And when Mandelflo was at a Feaft with the Cham, in the City of Amadahat , there were laid upon the Ta¬ ble various Preparations of Opium in a golden Box ; of which the Guefts took what they thought convenient to ftrengthen and invigo¬ rate them to fight manfully under the Banner of Lady Venus* Rrtz P. Gap- The Compleat Herbal. P.Gaffendi writes, That it appears both from Diofcoridet, Pliny and Aptiieius , that of old they baked the Seed of Poppy in their Bread, in order to preferve Health, which, he fays, he knew was done by fome People of his Acquaintance. Mattbiolus informs us. That the People who inhabit the Valleys of Trent, Stiria, and the upper Auftria , eat the Seed of Poppy mixed with their Cakes, and always ufe the expreft Oil of Poppy Seed, without becoming either the more fluggilh, lazy, or fleepy for that. iVagnerus, in bis natural Hiftory of Swit¬ zerland, p • 262. fays, That in Argove they low a great deal of Poppy Seed, and prefs the Oil oucofit, which they burn in their Lamps inftead of Olive Oil: Some alio ufe it in their Vi&uals inftead of Butter ; and likewife mix it with their Dough, of which they make Fritters and Pancakes, which they eat with¬ out receiving any Injury by it. However, I would not advife any one unaccuftomed ro it to make ufe of it without Neceliity : For it retards the Motion of the Spirits, and hinders Conco#ion in acute Difeafes, and cortfequently the Separation of the peccant Matter, and the purifying of the Blood. To eafe an unfufferable Pain of the Eyes, Take an Emulfion made of the Seed of ■Poppy , with Milk, Lettuce Water, and the Decocftion of Fenugreek, It is an effectual Remedy. Sennertus. Opiate Laudanum is of excellent Ufe in Phy- flck to mitigate Pain, and to quiet and re¬ strain the violent and diforderly Motions of the Humours. The Pap aver erraticum , tnajus, which is the plpceas of Theophraftus, Diofcorides and Id liny y is likewife ufed in Pbyfick, upon a great many Occalions. It cools powerfully, procures Sleep, and eafes Pain. Its chief Uie is in Fevers, Pku- rify, (for which it is a fpecifick Remedy) Squinzy, and other Difeafes that require cooling, efpecialiy the Difeafes of the Cheft. In the diforderly flowing of the Menfes the Infufion of the Flower in the Spirit of Wire is a very good Remedy. There are fome who endeavour to flop bleeding at the Note, by applying the Herb outwardly to the Re¬ gion of the Liver, and afcribe the fame Ver¬ sus alfo to the Root* Scbrod * Galen fays* That the Seed of this is much colder than the Seed of Garden Poppy, and therefore forbids the internal Ufe ofir. Id. The Preparations made of it are : j. Di- ftilled Water from the Flowers, 2. A Syrup of the Infufion of the Flowers thrice repeat¬ ed. 3. A Conferve of the Flowers. 4 An Extra#, with its own Water, and the Spirit of Sulphur. 5. Vinegar from the Flowers, Id. This Planr, fays Hoffman, is a Specific^ againft the Pleurify, and a rooft excellent Remedy to quiet Raving and Diltradion ; for which Reafon the Ufe of it cannot be enough commended in burning Fevers, in¬ ward Inflammations, Squinfy, Pleurify, &r. But it muft: be obferved. That when the violent Pain of the Pleurify is removed by the Ufe of it, we are to abftain from ir, left Spitting be thereby flopped ; for then expectorating Remedies muft be ufed. The Infufion of the Flowers in the Spirit of Wine* or the Decodtion of the Flowers in Wine* is adminiftred with very good Effe# either in the Suppreffion of the A Itnjirua, dr in their diforderly and irregular flowing. If you defire that the diftilled Water of the Flowers fhould receive their fine purple Dye, when the Water, while it is drilling, begins to run into the Recipient, you mult take off the Head of (be Alembick, and thruft a Handful of the Flowers into the Roftrum, which will (tick there by Reafon of the dewy Moifture on the Sides of the Roftrum. Then you muft put on the Head again. The di¬ ftilled Water by this Means will receive a beautiful Ruby Colour. In the fame Manner may the diftilled Water of other Flowers receiffc ibeir Colour and Tin#ure. D. Hulfe • Both the white and the black Garden Kinds, fays Lemery , contain abundance of Oil, Phlegm, and effential Salr. Their Heads are ufed in Phyfick, and chiefly thole of white Poppy , but rarely their Leaves or Flowers. Thefe Heads muft be chofen freft, the biggeft and plumpeft that can be had. They are, continues he, narcotic k, 01? fomniferous * they appeafe Pains, thicken tire lharp Serofiries thac fall down upon the Cheft:; they flop Loofneffes of the Belly and Fluxes of Blood - they vanquifh the Vapours,, and mitigate the Cough they are likewife boiled l The Cotnpleat Herbal. 4 ? 3 boiled in Deco&ions for Glitters, to eafe the racking Pains of the Cholick. The Seed of Peppy is anodine, pectoral, lenitive, very little narcotick; It is ufed in Emulfions fvith the four great cold Seeds. There is likewife drawn from the pounded Seed of Poppy by Exprelfion, an Oil which is proper for cleanfing, brightening and ioften- ing the Skin. Lemcry. The fame Author gives the following Ac¬ count of wild Poppy : Wild Poppy , fays be, is divided into feveral Species ; but none of them is much ufed in Phylick, except the Papaver Rjjceas of Gerards and Pay. The Flowets of this Plant are uled in Phyfick : They conrain abundance of Oil, and a mo¬ derate Quantity of etfential Salt. It is pe&oral and lenitive 5 thickens the Humours, provokes Spitting and Sweat ; is good in inveterate Rheums, in the Afthma, and in the Pleurify. Ic is ufed either in In- fufion or in Syrup: It procures Sleep very moderately ; but its Head is a little more fomniferous. The Flower of Red Poppy or Corn Bpfe, fays Mr. Tournefortf which is the chief Parc ufed in Phyfick, is thickening, and reddens blue Paper a little, in the fame Manner as the Solution of Opium does ; which gives Occafion to believe that it contains a Salt that is very much analogous to it: But in Opium i that Salt which has very much of the Nature of Sell ammoniac £, is mixed with a great deal of fetid Oil; whereas in red Pop¬ py there is mucblefs Oil, and much more vif- cous Phlegm : And therefore the Flowers of this Plant are lenitive and mitigating, and proper to caufe the Ex perforation of the Fluxions upon the Cheft, and are good in Rheums and dry Coughs. They ftop Fluxes of Blood, and operate gently by fweating. The di’ftilled Water of the Flowers of red Poppy is preferibed in Doles from three to fix Ounces. The Tindture is preferibed in Glafsfuls, for Defluxions upon the Cheft : This Tindlure is charged lometimes with three or four Infufions ; ig &acb French Pint of which (which is about f&ur Bngiifh Pints) an Q,unce of Sugar-candy is difiolved. The following Ptilan is excellent for a dry Cough : You mull boil three Ounces of the Roots of Buglofs , and as much of the Roots of Dogs-grafi) in two French. Pints of Wa¬ ter : Pour the boiling Deco&ion upon an Ounce of the Flowers of Corn fyf?> and upon the Heads of white Poppy cut into (mall Pieces and put up in a fmall Bag, that fo they may be prelTed. Some ufe the dried Flowers of Corn Rpfe inftead of Tea* There is likewife a Conjerve, and a Syrup made of them. Tournefort, TABLE CXXII. GENUS II. Argemone, 'BaffatB $cppp. A l&jeittOUC is a Plant with a Rofe-FIow- er A, confifting of a great many Leaves placed orbicularly B : Out of rhe Middle of which rifes the Pointal C, which afterwards turns to a Fruit D, or oval Shell, having only one Cell or Cheft, and as it were full of Windows E, wirh Ribs ftretchiog from the Bottom to the Top, the Intervals betwixe which are poflelfed by Valves, which com¬ monly gape at Top F : To each of the Ribs G, adheres a Placenta H, which is loaded with Seeds that are generally globular I. Our Author fays he knows bur one Spe¬ cies of jSJrgctttone, which is, Argemone Mexicana. Papaver fpinofum. C. B. pin . 171. Prodr . 92. J. B. 3. 397. This is the Papaver fpinofum , Americanum of Parkjnfon* Ficus inftrnalTs Italorum , an Glau - cium Dicfcoridis, Ray. SLljO^ttp Of America. At firft it has three or more whitilh green Leaves lying upon the Ground, ftreaked with white Veins, which growing greater^ are long, fmooih, and not hairy, fomewbac long and broad, varioufty rent and torn on the Edges, but not to the middle Rib, ha¬ ving many Corners or Dents as ic were a- bout them, whereat ftand many fmall (harp Prickles, not having any white Streaks or Veins on the under Side; but in their white milky Veins are like that wild Carduus or T hiftle, called Our Ladies Thiflle *> and on the under Side are more whiciih, with fome fmall Prickles, alorg the middle Rib and Veins, with rbeir Bottom ercompafiing the Stalk, which rifes two or thre« Foot high* ^reading 494 The Compleat Herbal. fpreadmg out into feveral Branches, with like but lefler Leaves on them, and bearing at each of their Tops one fmall Head in- clofed in a rough Skin or Film, fuch as the Poppies have; which being open, there ap¬ pears a fmall yellow Flower, commonly confiding of five Leaves, tho’ fometimes but four, and fometimes fix, with a fmall, green, long, prickly Head in the Middle, tipped at Top with a red Spot, which quickly wears off, with many yellow Threads (landing about it. After the Flower is pad, for it continues not long, the Head grows ripe, having five or fix Ribs from the Top to the Bottom ; in the intervals between which it is armed with very fmall, but very (harp and fliorc Prickles, or Thorns, and contains round, rough, black Seeds, twice as big as any Poppy Seed. The Root is (mall, oblong, fibrous, and fpreading, dying every Year. The whole Plant yields a yellow Juice. This is the Defcription of it by Parkjnforu Bnubinus fays, That the Stalk is nine Inches high, branched, round, channelled, befet with fmall Prickles, and full of • white Marrow : And thar the Heads are oblong, hexagonal, pentagonal, and tetragonal, red- difli on the upper Part when young and tender, but black when ripe ; dreadful with thick-fet and ftrong Prickles $ and full of black, round Seed, which is fix Times big¬ ger than any Popyy Seed, ending in a Point, and moft beautifully ftriped. It flowers in July and Augufl. This Plant having been but lately found our, it has not been ufed in Phyfick, that I know of 5 only Lemery fays. That it con¬ tains a great deal / - ■ S The Cotnpleat Herbal. 4 9$ three mofly FifTures at Top, and breathing a-Smell like that of the fmalleft Hunter-green. About the Beginning of May , when the Flower falls, the Pointal begins to grow thick, and at laft to arrive to the Form and Bignefs of the Fruit of Cynosbatos ; the Point of which retains fomerhing of a fungous or mofly Subftance. The Fruir, which is at firft green, grows yellow when ripe and be¬ comes a liule rcddilh, and inclofes within a pretty thick Skin a fmall Body in the Shape of a ripe Strawberry, fuftaining fmall Seeds on its Surface, and refling upon a narrow Bafis. The Plant propagates it felf on every Side by its creeping Root : The firfl Tear it thrufls up one Leaf with its Stalk ; the following Year the Stalk with its Leaf be¬ comes thicker; but the third Year the Stalk becomes forked, and bears two Leaves with Flower and Fruit. Mr. R ay had this Plant fent him from London by the Name of Po- mum maiale , and cultivated it in his Garden at Cambridge for fome Years; and thinks it a Native of Virginia. TABLE CXXIII. Fig. 2. GENUS. IV. Opuntia, antuatt jfisttee. or 3nhtan JFt &tm is a Plant with a Rofe-FJower A, confining of fe- veral Leaves placed orbicularly B: Whofe Flower-cup C, afterwards turns to a flelhy Fruit D, which has a Navel F, and one Cell E, full of annular Seeds G. The Species of ^ntfiatt^Ig^ree are, T. Opuntia vulgo Herbanorum. 30JC Snm'att of tfte fetamflte* Ficus Indie a, folio Jpinofo , frnSlu majore. C. B. Pin. 458. This is the Ficus Indica major of Par- kin fin, and the Ficus Indica of Gerarde. %\)Z Sometimes it becomes a great Shrub, with large Leaves, fomecimes above a Foot long, and a Palm and a half broad, of a round oblong Figure, an Inch thick, and the lower- inoft much thicker and harder than the up- permofl, covered with a Membrane without, tough and uneven with many Knots, out of. which cotpe forth white (harp Prickles, tbae- eafily flick to thofe that handle them, and leave their native Seat full of juice within, of an herby Colour, vifeid and falivous to the Touch, which Juice when dried feels like Grains of Sand between ones Fingers, along which run as it were Nets of a great many pretty thick Nerves; and thefe Leaves, by an agreeable Connexion, grow under other Leaves, which grow into a Stem, and branch out into Arms. Afterwards they be¬ come thicker with Time, and grow rounder, and even acquire a ligneous Subftance at lafl, efpecially the lower ones, stud then they lo(e moft of their Prickles. Under the Wings of the Leaves reft many Rudiments of Fruit, which are alfo prickly, out of whofe Navel come forth Flowers, fomewhat refembiing the Cup of the Pomegranate Flower, -but more plump, being many in Number, yel¬ low, and confifting of many Leaves broader than one’s Nail, and refembiing pofe Leaves* While thefe wither the Fruit ripens, which equals a large Figg, having a Navel on the upper End, with a Pulp that dyes the Hand with a bloody Colour, of a fweetifti Tafte, but not fo favoury as Figgs, full of little Grains or Seeds, about the Bignefs of Len¬ tils, but finuated, and uneven about the Edges ; Gefner obferves that there is a cer¬ tain heavy and difagreeable Smell in the Fruit. When the Plant firfl fprings up, it puts forth two thick, fucculent, pointed Leaves (you would believe, that it was a Sort of Houfeleek) out of whofe conjugal Bofom come forth a Sort of wbitifh or purplifli Hairs, which are the Beginnings of future Prickles, and which are followed foon after by a Leaf covered with the fame, and all over rough, not broad but round almoft, but in Procefs of Time gradually ftretches out to Breadth, and the Prickles alfo become hard in Time. The Root of the young Plant is (ingle and: whitilh. This Tree likewife fweats out a Gum,, very like Amber in Colour and Subftance, if you except the ftony Hardnefs, concreted into little Clorts, and vermiculared almoft after the Manner of Tragacanth, and fo very hard, that one is hardly able to break it with one’s Teeih. When put to the Candle it does-not flame, but burns away ? nor dees k yield 4 9 6 The Comp leaf Herbal. ^ield any fragrant Smell; and when chewed, it affords no remarkable Tafte. Ic grows in almoft all the Iflands and Pro¬ vinces of America, except the molt Northern. It thrives likewife and grows pretty large in the warmer Countries of Europe . Camerarius faw it at Naples twice as high as a Man, 8. Opuntia Americana; minima, fpinis ere- berrimis, tenuiflimis. Breyn. Prodr. 2. fmaileft American ^Dpttntta, tmth berp tlyicMet, anti mv Cmall ^tekieg. Ficus Indica , feu Opuntia Curaffavica , minimal Hort. Beaum. 8c Horr. Amftel. 107. Fig. 56. . Ficus Indica , minima , fpinis brevijjimis mu m with a hard and ligneousTrunk. And Mr .l(ay nita ex horto Fageliano. Schol. Bat, faw it at Rome, as large, in the Pope’s Gar- 9. Opuntia Americana, minima, flagelli- den in the Vatican, called Belvedere . formis. Plum. %\)Z ftttailefl: J2tttericatt Dr. Tancred Upbinfon obferved, That this Opuntia, like a 2Db3tg. Indian Fig-tree produced ripe^ Fruit in the 10. Opuntia Americana, arbor excelfa,’ South of France and in the Kingdom of Na¬ ples , where ir grows like a wild Plant that is a Native of the Place, by the High-ways, on the Sides of the Mountains, and among the Rocks in great abundance. It is fo lively a Plant that it will eafily grow either from a Seed, or from a Leaf thruft half way into the Earth. It cannot bear the Cold, and therefore muft be taken in in the Winter, and yet it does not agree with too clofe Place?. It decays and rots with too much Moifture ; and therefore is often hurt by Rains that fall in Autumn and the Spring. y 2. Opuntia folio oblongo, media. &i)tbbIC 3inbtaniftg4ree,bmb anobiongHeaf. fi- aus Indica , folio oblongo , media . H. R. Par. 3. Opuntia major, validiflimis fpinis mu- nita. %\)t greater Sttbtan j?tg;tree, be* fenbeb bp berp ftrong pickles* FiCUS In - Cereiformis, flore albo. Plum. American Opuntia, a tail STree, refembimg the Cereuo oj aCojci^aDbtdie, tmtfj a brfjite iFIobier. 11. Opuntia Americana, arbor excelfa; foliis reticularis, flore flavefeenre. Plum. < 3 ^ nterfean ^Dpttntta, a tail tottb net* fought Heabes, ana a veiiobriff) ifioto* er. T heophraftus tells us that there is a fmall Herb that grows near Opus , a City of the Boeotians, or Epicnemidian Locrians , which puts forrh Roots from its Leaves : And from hence the Moderns gave the Name Opuntia to the Species firft mentioned, becaufe ic propagates it felf in the fame Manner : And later Writers have found out a great many more Plants, efpecially in America , that have the fame Property, and therefore they call them by the fame Name, tho’ they agree not dica , feu Opuntia major , folio fpinis longiJJi>njs to Theophraflus*s Plant in any other RefpedL valid/(fimis armato. Breyn. Prodr. 2. 35. I cannot help fetting down in this Place Pliny's Account of a very wonderful Plant of this Nature, which he takes from Tbeo- 4. Opuntia folio minori, rotundiori 8c comprefiiori. Jnbtan jFtg*tree, btttl) a fmaiier, rottnber, anb flatter Heat Ficus . Indica , feu Opuntia , folio minori , rotundiori & compreffiori. H. L. Bar. 5. Opuntia maxima, folio fpinofo, latifli- mo 8c longiffimo. 2Dbe greateft 3tobtan 3ftg*tree, tottlj a berp fyoab anb bern long: pncklp Heaf. Ficus Indica feu Opuntia maxima , folio fpinofo , longiffimo & latijjimo. H. L. Bar. 6 . Opuntia folio fpinofo, longiflimo 8c an- gufto. h. l. Bat. Nubian iftg^tree, britlj g berp long anb narroba paicklp iteaf. 7. Opuntia minima, folio fubrorundo. %\)t fmalieff Jnbtan iftg^tree, tnfilj a rottnbtfb Heaf. Ficus Indica minima, folio fubrotmdo . H. R. Par* phraftus. Ficus ibi, exilia poma habet. Ipfa fe femper ferens , vaftis diffunditur ramis j quorum imi adeo in terram curvantur , ut an¬ nuo fpatio infigantur, novamque fibi propagi- nem faciant , circa parentem in orbem, quodam opere topiario . Intra fepem earn aftivant paflo - res , opacam pariter & munitam vallo arbor is , decora fpecie fubter intuenti , proculve fornicato ambitu. Suptriores ejus rami in excelfum emi - cant Sylvofa multitudine , vafto matris corpore , ut LX* P« pleraque or be colligant .* Umbra verb bin a fladia operiant. Foliorum latitude pelta ejfgiem Amo^onicce habet .* Ea caufd fruftum inicgens crefcere prohibet. ^arufquff eft^ nec faba magnitudinem excedens, fed per folia folibm coflm prxdulci fapore , dignus mi - r acute ) v* ) r I The Compleat Herbal. 4 pf raciilo arhoris. Gignitur circa Acefinem max- ime amnem. Lib. xii. cap. 5* As an Argument of the incredible Happi- nefs and Fertility of thofe Countries that lie upon the River Indus, and particularly on the River Acefines which runs into the River Indus , the fame Author has the following Words relating to this wonderful Tree., H#c fuitVbertas So/i y temperies cceli , aquarum abun¬ dant! a, ut Cfi Ubeat credere) fub una ficu tur¬ ns# condantur equitum. Lib. vii. cap. 2. To this fame Tree, Horace alludes, or ra¬ ther means it, when he fays, Germinat & nunquam fallentis termesoliv#, Suamque pulla ficus ornat arbcrem . The Species firft defcribed is the fame which in Jamaica and Barbadoes is called The prickly Pear , and is very common in Eu¬ rope ; whofe Fruir, if it be much eaten, dyes the Urine of a Colour as red as Blood. Both the Fruit and the Leaves cool and moilten, and encreafe Spittle ; for which Reafon their expreft Juice is very proper for extinguilhing burning Fevers, and quenching Tfairft. The Seed is dry and altringent : And therefore the Fruit eaten with the Seed is faid to bind the Belly. It is an agreeable and cooling, but windy Food, and liable to corrupt, if taken in abundance, as all other horary Fruirs, and very pleafant to fuch as are hot. The Juice of the Plant and the di (tilled Waier is admirable againft bilious Fevers. Its Roots, with a certain Species of Hieracium , relieve thofe that have Ruptures, and cure Eryfipelas or St. Anthony's Fire. The Indians prefs out the Juice, and ufe it in dead of Water : And Dr. Huges informs us, That he has ofcen quenched his Third with this Fruit. We are told, thit it is evident from Expe¬ rience, That the Leaves or their Juice do wonderfully cure green Wounds ; and they likewife powerfully difcufs Tumours and Boils to which the Seamen are fubjedfc, who fail from Europe to America. Dr. Huges was wont to apply the Leaws wrapped up in Paper and toafted under the Allies by way of Cataplafm to fuch Tumours, with a Suc- cefs that exceeded his Hopes and Expecta¬ tion y infomuch that he did not find the mod excellent Compound Medicine either fo con** venient or beneficial as this. TABLE CXXIV, CXXV. GENUS V. Granadiila, piJITt0is a Plant with a Rofe- ■*- Flower A, confiding of feveral Leaves placed orbicularly B : Out of whofe Fiower- cup C, which is cut into many Segments, rifes the Pointal E, with a Crown D, frin¬ ged at the Bottom ; but furnilhed with a tender Fruit or Embryo at Top F, on which ftand three Clubs H, under which are the Stamina G. The Embryo turns afterwards to an almod oval ot globular Fruit I, that is flelhy, confiding of one Cell K, and full of Seeds L, fticking to the Ribs O, as to a Placenta, and covered with a Sort of a Hood or Veil MN. The Species of are, 1. Granadilla Hifpanis, Flos Paflicnis Pa¬ lis. Col . in Rpcb. 88p> Clematis trifolia, Fo¬ re rofeo, davaro. C. B. Pin. 381. Maracoc Indicum. Aid. Hort . Farnef. 50, 52, 58- This is the Maracoc five Clematis Virginiana of Parkinfon . This Plant (lands upon a lively, creeping, jointed Root, that is very brittle, of a pale whitifh Colour and a fweecilh Trftc, much like that of a green Bean. It yuis forth many Shoots or Twigs, which are (lender and very long, of a reddilh green Colour, and eafily propagating themfelves.by.Fibres coming forth out of the Joints or Wings of the Leaves which touch the Ground ; and taking hold of, and climbing up Trees and'other Supports by its Tendrels, which come forth from the Bofoms of the Leavesi The Leaves are cut into three Segments, and refemble a Lance, or the Leaves of Hops , the middle Jagg be¬ ing the longed, four or fix Inches long, and almoft as broad, finely dented, fmooth, ner¬ vous, and fomewhat veiny, of a faint green Colour, with two Sort of Protuberances about the Foor-da!k that are greener, and about the Bignels of Millet , of an impiea- Sff ianr 4ne Way at the End, becaufe by Reafon of theij greater Length, they were comprefled by the hollow Leaves of the Flower-cup. Both thefe Rfrws have been cbferved to con- lift of fifty or fixty Filaments in the young Plant. From the Navel of thefe and other more inward and very fhort Rows riles a Points! like a Pillar, with a wreathed Bot¬ tom or Bafis, almoft an Inch long, upright* round, fmooch, of a faint green Colour, fup- porting a little Ball that is fomewhat oblong,, and of the lame Colour, and furrounded on the lower Part where it'adheres to the Pillar with five little pendulous Plates; (landing in the Middle of oblique, rhickifti, and branched Foot-ftalks, that arc fomewhat crooked, ftifF, hanging, and refembling a radiated round Diadem : Out of the topmoft Bail rife three upright, oblong, headed Clubs, of a greenifh white Colour, diftant at Top in a triangular Pofition, and fomewhat diflorted or twifted, refembling an oblong 5 , with thick Heads, of a deeper Colour, and divided on the upper Part with a gentle Cut, lo that the Heads feem to be cut in two, tho’ they be round ia Circuit, and as it were quinqueparice. The Flowers open in the Morning, and re¬ main gaping the whole Day ; but they clofe again at Nighr, and open np more, but grow Saccid and fall. They besr a round and ex- tuberant Fruit of an Aflv colour, divided into three Cells, which are obferved even ki the entire Fruit* by Regfon of a gentle Protuberance, and the triangular Figure at Top about the Poinr. It contains Grains within, that are placed obliquely, tending to the Center, fomewhat refembling tbofe of the Malum P uni cum , which we call Pome¬ granate, but twice as big, having a hollow Bafe whereby they adhere to the Foot-ftalk, ending in a Point, not having an angular or broad Head as in tha Pomegranate, whiciih* tranfparent and fofter, with black Seed within (haped like that of Pomegranate, which appears within the diaphanous or tranfparent^ juicy and fofc Flefh of the Kernels, of a Fi¬ gure fomewhat refembling a Heart* covered with hollow Pundures, and having a white and almoft infipid Medulla. When the Fruit is dry, the Seed will rattle, as in a dried Cucumber ? And when the Fruit is cut open there are found in it black Seeds, covered with that faplefs, vifeous, blackilh Fiefli, and of a fweet Tafte, like the CaJJia fiftula ; and other naked and ioofe Seeds, of a whitifli yellow Colour, rougher, as it were with a boney Skin, refembling the Skin of Pome¬ granate Seeds. The Bark of this Fruit is like Leather, refembling that of Coloquintida, cartilaginous and whitifli within, of a very fweet and grateful but weak Smell. The Tafte of the frefli Kernels in the ripe Fruit* turns from a fweet to a fomewhat acid Sa¬ vour, very agreeable, and ftriking the Palate with a pleafant Flavour, between that of a Strawberry aud a Musl^-mclon* They fay that this Fruit eaten much foftens and loofens the Belly rather than loads it. The Fruit in this Plant is not perfected from the lower Part of the Flower, nor from the Pillar or Pointal of the Flower, which appears wreath¬ ed and channelled after the Manner of bnick^ Pillars ; but from that top Ball which bears the Clubs. 2. Granadiila folio tricufpidi, flore ex pur¬ pura nigricante. ^afftGtt^FloUl£t iBttb a tfnee/pctnteo Leaf, ann a plotter of a black® purple Colour. Clematis trifoiia , altera , flore clavato , ex nigro punicante . H. R. Par. 3. Granadiila folio tricufpidi, flore magno, fhveiceme ^alfton^flopjcr lUttl) 0 potato 3Uaf,ano a large pelkmr® jTo&cr. 4. Granadiila folio tricufpidi, fl-ure pa vo, frudu Oliva: forma. ^afilOiVjfloUiec The Compleat Herbal. 49% tl tlj^poittfcu 3 leaf, a fmall j?l£&tfiT, It grows in great abundance in Hedges in a Jfrutt in §>ljape like an {tDItfee* tbelfiands. Clematis PoJJmalis , tripbyllos , Mteo. 6- Granadiila folio angufto, tricufpidi, fru- Mor. Hift. Oxon. Farr. 2. 7. Olivas forma. pafftOH^irlOlm* iBttlj <. Granadiila folio amplo, tricufpidi, fru- a r artOUU tlj^pOtUteH &eaf, ant? a jfXUtt &u Olivas forma- JpalftOU^JrlC&et ID t il) a tn &l)a pe like att £DItne* Cimatis Indica % large ifcce^gointeD 3 leaf, nun a iFrttit folio anguflo trifido y fruUu olivaformi. Plum* in tl )t of an £Dltfce* Clematis Indi- Tab. 85. ca folio Hederaceo , major , fruilu Oliva for - 7. Granadiila folio glabro, tricufpidi & mi Plum- 70. Tab. 84. An Nhandir-Oba angufto, flore virefeenre, minimo. ^allion^ Brafilienfium Pifonis ? i. e. PaJflflora affinis flmtl toti l) H fmOOtlj, tljiee^OintetJ anfc Uedera folio Americana. Pluk. tiatrCUl ILCaf, attH a Mt? gceenrf^ Our Author obferved three Species of this Flos Pajfionis, flore & fruftu omnium minimis. Plant : I- The greater : 2. The middle : Par. Bar. FUs Pajjionis Curaffavicus , fglio 2. The It (Ter : All of them of the fame Form glabro , trilobate, & anguflo, flore flavefeenee , and Confiftence, as well in their Shoots as omnium minimo. Prcdr. Par- Bar. in their Leaves, Flowers and Fruir. The 8. Granadiila foetida, folio tricufpidi, vil- Leaves of the firft are of the fame Thicknefs, lofo, flore albo- banking J£afft0ivjjl0ll)> Lacgenefs and Figure with our common Ivy, Of, t»ttl) a tljJC^p 0 iUtei 3 fjatrP Leaf, anU whofe Bottom is almoft femicircular, but the a tt)l)tte J%tBeC. Flos Paffionis albus . Par. fore-part is divided into three Lobes that end Bar. Icon. Clematis Indica , hirfuta i foetida • in a fharp Poinr, the middle one of which is Plum. 71. Tab. 86. fomewhat longer and broader than the lateral 9. Granadiila foetida, folio tricufpidi, vil- ones- The Leaves of the fecond are more lofo, flore pnrpureo, variegato. fetlttklttg deeply cue; and thofe of the third ftill more, ^affton^jFIOttier, LDtti) a tfjiee^pomteD but its Parts are much narrower, and refem- IjatrP &Caf, atl& a pttrple ttftCtepteU ble a Saddler’s inverfe Hammer. The Leaves jflotBCr. Flos Pafflonis , hirfuto folio , flore of both fhr.d upon Foot-ftalks, which are purpureo , variegate . Par. Bar. Icon, not inferred in the extreme Border of the 10. Granadiila polyphyllos,, fruiftu ovaro«i Leaf, but a liale higher up. #anp 4 eatni #aJfiOit;Jr!oter, laid; an The Flowers, which are almoft without Opal JFnttt. Smell, and pale, conlift only of one Leaf 11. Granadiila polyphyllos, frutfii Colo- and are fupported by a very fmall Foot-ftaik, cyothidis. ^an^Ieabll JBafftmx^iflOftJer, not much above an*Inch long, with a fmall ftHtl) a Coloqtuhtifca ifttttt. Clematis In - Joint in the Middle, and inferted in their dica polyphyllos major , flore clavato , frufttt Co- Center. This Leaf of the Flower is divided locynthidis. Plum. 62. Tab. 79. into five narrow and (harp-jointed Jaggs, that This Plant fends forth many Twigs, about are placed in the Form of a Star, but not the Bignefs of Vine Twigs, and equally knot- reaching to the Center. In its Rofom it ty and hard, which ftretching themfclves far contains a Fringe, confifting of a double Row upon Trees and Shrubs, they are a great of fmall Filaments, of which the outer ones Ornament to them by the pleafant greennefs are upright, and the inner ones crooked in- of their Leaves. At each Knot, which are wards. From the Bottom of the Flower half ji Foot diftant, comes forth a Leaf, al- rifes a Pillar, as in the former, with its oval moft as broad as one’s Hand, fmootb, divi- Head and three fmall Clubs fixed in it. The ded into feven Segments, narrower below. Capital or Head turns to a Fruit like an fomewhat broader towards the Poinr, deeply Olive , but fomewhat larger, of a violet Co- fplit almoft to the Foot ftalk, which is about lour, with a fmooth and thin Bark, full of four or five Inches long, with certain fmall an acid violet-coloured Juice that is very Rings almoft one Line long. The Colour of agreeable to the Tafte, and containing feveral the whole Leaf is a pleafant green, fome- oval, black, (hrivelied Seeds, adhering to what deeper on the upper Side than under- the Bark as in the former. neatb, where a Nerve is extended lengrh- S f f 2 wife, / cjoo The Compleat Herbal. wife, putting forth fome crooked tranfverfe Branches. Ar the Rife of each Foot-ftalk corr.cs forth a Tendrel as in a Vine , and alfo a Flower, adhering to a Foot ftalk almoft two Inches long, and inclofed in a membra¬ nous Husk, locnewhat bigger than a Pullecs Egg, which opens it felf into three even and whitifh Leaves, ma-ked on the infide with feveral Spots, and ftriped with fome purplilh Veins. When this Husk is opened, the Globe of the Flower appears, almoft as large as the Husk, of an oval Figure, the lower and middle Part of the Cup being entire, but the upper Part divided into five Leaves or quite to the Extremity, of a pale green Colour without, and variegated with many rufty Spots. The under half of the blown Flower refembles a Flower-cup with a pen¬ tagonal Brim, whitilh within, with a hairy Bottom, each of which Hairs is very fmall, and tipped with a red Chive. This Flower- cup is begirt wiih a double Fringe, whofe Filaments are one Line thick, tender and pointed, almoft fquare, and contiguous to one another : Such as compofe the outer Row are about an Inch and a half long, but thole that compofe the inner Row are fcarce an' Inch long ; all of them whitifh towards the Ends, and altogether of a violet Colour to the Middle, but on the lower Part under the Middle of a pale Colour : Thefe are adorned with annular Bands, and rife up. right, but fuch as compofe the outer Row are lotriewbar lower, but of the fame Co¬ lour and Confiftency with the former. Be¬ tides the ferefaid Filaments dilpofed like Rays, there is moreover a double Row of violet-coloured Leaves in the Circuit, five in each Row, of which the inner are much nar¬ rower than the outer ones, but both the one and the other are about an Inch and a half .long, with a fmall Point at the End that turns outwards. Befides, in the Bottom cf rhe Flower-cup we have been fpeaking of to the Center of it, there is a certain Sort of Bafis, of a cylindrical Figure, from three to four Lines thick, hollowed into a little Furrow, and begirt with many Hairs that are very (hort, and of a dark red Colour. On th : s Bafis refts a fmall white Pillar, round as if it had been turned by Art, about eight er nine Inches high, and a Line and a half thick, divided at Top into five fmall Arml, s each of which has a Top with a Galh upon it, four Lines long, and about twp broad, and covered all over with fmall golden Duft. In the Middle of the Arms fits an oval, fmooth, and very green Head, about five’ Fingers long, and three thick, with three Threads fixed in ic, looking upwards, ftiaped like Nails, two or three Lines long, tipped with large oval Chives, with a fmall Furrow on one Side. The mentioned Capital or Head is nothing elfe but the firft Rudiment of the Fruir, which in Time grows to the Size of an Orange ; and is round and fmooth like a Colo quint id* Apple, except towards the Foot-ftalk, where it has fomerhing of the Shape of a Pear. The Skin is almoft two Lines thick, of a folid Confidence, white within, and greenifh without. The inner Parc of this Fruit is full of a white and mu¬ cilaginous Flefh, and contains many Seeds fomewhat larger than the Grains of Wbear, almoft of an oval Figure, but fomewhat flat, and pointed at one End, pretty hard, skinny and hairy. The Flower is very agreeable both as to its Figure and irs Smell. Ic grows in the Ifland of Martinico , along the Side of the River of St. Mary y &c. 12. Granadilla polyphyllos, flore crifpo. QBanMeafc’h paffton^jfTotofr, toiti) a Cttrleh jflotoer. Clematis Indica alia poly- pbylla , flore crifpato, Plum. 66 . Tab. 87. The Twigs of this Plant are not perfedlljr round, but angular. The Leaves are divided like the black Hellebore of C. B. with a Rofe- Fiower, i. e» the Foot-ftalk which is two or three Inches long, is fplit into other three much (horter and ftenderer ones, the middle- raoft of which bears only one Leaf much larger than the reft ; the other two are fork¬ ed, the Branch next to the Middle bears a Leaf of the fame Shape, but fmaHer ; and the other bears a Leaf yet fmaller than tbar, cut to the very Bafis ; but that Segment which looks to the Foot-ftalk, refembles an Auricle rather than a Leaf. Every Leaf, confidered apart, does fomewhat refembie a Laurel Leaf: But all of them are dented quire round, fmooth, Ihining, and of a de¬ lightful green Colour, fomewhat deeper on the upper Side, but paler underneath, with many crooked Branches of Nerves. 1 he greater The Cotnpleat Herbal. 501 greater Leaf or Segment, which is the Mid¬ dle, is about four Inches long, almoft two broad, but the fmalleft is not above one Inch long, and half an Inch broad. The Flowers are of the fame Stru&ure and Make with thofe of the former, but fomewhat larger. The Pillar, Clubs, and Arms on which the Chives reft are white, and ftained \vuh reddilh Spots* Ihe Heads of the'Clubs are divided in rw^ and the- Chives beftrewed with a very fine Dull. The Fringes of the Flowers are tbick-fet Filaments, dyed with a deep red, and twill¬ ed with two or three annular Bands ? after the Manner of the Serpents painted on Ale- dvfa s Head. From the Leaves next under thefe Rods, come forth five Leaves within, which are all over blue, and five without, which are of a very pale green Colour, marked with a great many fmall reddilh Spots, and without dyed with a bright green. The three Leaves which cover the Flower before it blows, are hollow like a Spoon, fringed, quite round, dyed with a deep green, and have many Ribs underneath. The Fruit is of the Figure and Size of a moderate Apple. The Skin is of the fame Confiftency with that of our fmall Gourds, of which the Tobacco-Boxes are made, and is likewife even and fmooth on the Surface, of a delightful fhining green, and variegated with very bright Spots. The Flefh and Seeds are of the fame Nature with the former. It grows in the Ifland of St. Domingo. 13. Granadilla folio Hederaceo, Here & frueftu minimis, etr, tttefy a terp fntall ana fniiu Clematis Indtca , flore minim 6^ pa Hi do, Plum* 73. Tab. 88* The Twigs znd Sprays are very flender and yielding. The Leaves are membranous and fmoorh, of a deep green on the upper Side ; the largeft two Inches long, and an Inch and a half broad ; others have a Pro¬ minence or Appendice like an Auricle on both Sides, fome on one Side onty, and others on neither, and are almoft of an oval * Figure, adhering to a very fhorc Fcor-ftalk, which is begirt as it were wiih rwo Ring*. The Foot-fUlk of the Flower is very fmall, and about an Inch long. The Flower ic klf is of the fame Stru&ure with the former, not broader than one’s Thumb Nail, of a pale green Colour and no Smell. The Fruit is exa&ly round, and not bigger than a Piftol Bullet, at firft of a fhining green Colour, which afterwards turns to a deep violcr, having; a very render Skin, full of a juice of the fame Colour, and fraught with many fmall black Seeds, wiih uneven Rifings upon them, and fiiaped like a fiat Heart. This alfo is to be found in many Parts of Sr. Domingo. 14. Granadilla folio Hederaceo, (lore albo, frudlu globofo, villofo. Plum. paftfoi^floircr, tofdj a lafjtte jfloim, anb a globular Ijatrp jfeuft* 15 . Granadilla folio vario. Plum, 3$&(Tt01te ifioim tottij a bartons; Lcaf. 16. Granadilla Sirinamenfis, folio obiongo, ferraro. Surinam pafiton^Iolrcr, bml) an oblonoc, hmtoo Leaf. 17. Granadilla Sirinamenfis, folio Ulmi. ^ttraam ftuli an dm jlraf. 18* Granadilla fiore fuvaverubente, folio bicorni. tote!) a charms ing rch jflobier, anh a Leaf bnd) ttao Clematitis Indica , flare clava to, fua - verubente , friiftu hexagono, cocci)iso , folio bi- corni. Plum. 68. Tab. 83 * There are two Species of this Plant : The one has triangular Stalks like thofe of Cypertts , which are grecnifh and woolly ; and the other has taper, very flender and blackiih Stalks : And both produce a Flower, a Leaf, and a Club at each Knot, of the fame Size and Figure. In the one the Colour of the Flower inclines to,a bright red, in the other it is almoft quite white. The Fruit of the former is fomewhat longer than that of the latrer, thicker in the Middle, and ending in a Point at both End?. The Flower ftands on a very flender and reddifti Foot*ftaik, near a Cubit and a half long. The Gem or Bud refembks a Cone 9 or 10 Digits long,’ (welling on the lower Part, whicifn and downy, but fomewhat red at the End. The blown Flower confifis of ten Leaves fpreading out into a Circle, cf which the five oarer ones are larger than the inner • every one of the fmalier or inner ones is placc4 betwixt two . larger ones, H be <02 x be Cowpleat Herbal. The outer or larger ones are about an Inch long, and four Lines broad, but the inner ones are much narrower, tho* of the fame Length, both framed by Nature in Shape of a Tongue $ the greater ones on the farther Side ate of a whitifti green Colour, with three irnall green Nerves ; and are aimoft green within : The fttfaikr ones are dyed with white inclining to red, with Tome altogether white intermixt : Upon rhefe Leaves iUnu» a Circle as it were fringed, compofed of a double Row of very fmall Filaments, the longeft of which are partly purple, and partly white, the reft being very ftort, bow¬ ing inwards, placed on the Brim of a Sort of Bafon, out of whole Center rifes a Pointal or Pillar, coped with an oval Ball, with three fmall Clubs fixed on the Top, and nod¬ ding downwards. The Bafis of the Ball is furrounded by five little Tongues at an equal Diftance from one another, each of which has an almoft oval Chive, covered with yel¬ low Duft above. The blown Flower is about two Inches in Diameter, and has hard¬ ly any Smell. When the Flower decays, the fmall oval Ball which we mentioned turns to a hexago¬ nal Figure, like a fmall Citron^ about the Bignefs of Small Nutts, with a thick and foft Rind like Leather, fometimes quite red without, like purple, otherwife of a whitifh green Colour inclining to purple, marked with deep Spots on that Side that looks to the Sun ; and containing many oval black Seeds, adhering to the inner Skin by fmall Filament* or Threads, that are wrapped in thin white Skins. The Leaves hang at Foot-ftalks a little thicker than thofe of the Flowers, being every where ftained with red Spots, about as broad as the Palm of one’s Hand, of a membra¬ nous Contexture, and of a delightful green Colour cn both Sides; lotr.e of them frnooth and polifiied, and others appearing fomewhat downy, cut in the Form of a Heart where they adhere to the Foor-ftalk, with the End Iplic into two fharp Horns very much diva¬ ricated from one another, betwixt which in¬ tervenes a very fiiort and fharp Angle. They have three Nerves underneath, each of them reaching from the Bottom to the Point, and fending forth fmall tranfverfe Branches This Plane grows in the Iflands of Mar~ tintco and St. Domingo . 19. Granadilla latifolia, fru&u Maliformi. ffiicatMteab’o ^afttcn^Iolm, tuftf) a Jfrutt Ibapen like au apple. Clematis Indica , latifolia , {lore clavato 3 fruBu Malifor~ mi . Plum. 67. Tab. 82. It differs from the other Species in nothing • elfe but the Shape and Size of the Leaves, which are above half a Foot long, three Fingers broad, round at Bottom, ending in a Point, very little cut, in Shape of a Heart, membranous, frnooth, and dyed with a moft delightful ^recn. The Flowers agree with the former in Colour, Smell, Make and Size, and come out of a tbree-leav’d Bagg, of the Confidence of very fine Parchment, that is like wife purplifli, and ftriped with deep-coloured Lines. The Fruit is exa&ly round, about the Size of a fmall Apple, of a firmer Skin than the others, and of a like Confidence with thofe fmall Gourds of which they make Tobacco-Boxes. It grows in the Ifland of Sr. Domingo , and in the Ifiand de la Tortue• 20. Granadilla frueftu Cirriformi, foliis obiongis. ^aflton^Jflottier tottl) a jftufe ftapeo like a Citron, ano oblong; Leabes. Clematitis Indica , fru&u Citriformi , foliis ob¬ iongis . Plum. 64. Tab. 90. 21. Granadilla frutftu minore, corymbofo. t afffon^Jflofcjec tmtft a fmall roimo rah. Clematitis Indica , poly ant hos, odor a - tljjima. Plum. 75. Tab 90. 22. Granadilla Androfaemi folio, fru&u jn- jubino. paflton^lolner tmtl) a &t. m&tooQ Leaf, ana a utjttbe jFrttit. Cle¬ matis Indica , alia, florc minore , p alii do, Plum. Tab. 89. * This Plant is called Granadilla , from the Spanifh Word Granada , which fignifies the Fruit of the Pomegranate-Tree , which they thought refrmbled the Fruit of Paffion- Flower* It is not ufed in Pbyfick. TABLE ‘Jilt. z-2 t?. ?**unicufa. \f-QlntCttfa; according to Mr. Plumier , is a Plant with a Rofe-Fiower A, cQn- fifting of many Leaves B, placed orbicularly i, 2, 3, 4, 5 , and farnifted with a Flowei- cupC, divided into many Parts D E F G H. The Middle of the Flower is pofLtfed by a Tube or Pipe K, (haped like the Trunk of a Cone, from which rifes the Pointal L, with a tender Fruit or Embryo at Top M, on which reft thret^plubs RST, and under them the Stamina N O P Q The Embryo at iaft turns to a Fruit U, whiph is com¬ monly oval, with one Cheft, and flefty X, and full of Seeds Y, which are covered with a Sort of Hood or Veil Z. There is but one Species of ^ttrUCUU yet known, which is, Murucuia foiio luDato. ®tt£UCtt!& tDU!) a crocfkrll 0 £ llOiUCtJ Tcaf Clematis Indica, fore puniceo , lunato. Plum. 72. Tab. 87. An Ferrum equinum volubile . Munting. Contra - yerva an Pajftflora Naviformibus foliis America - na . Pluk. Aimageft. The Twigs or Sprays of this Plant are very fmall and round, and yet it aims at climbing high, and covers the Hedges, faft- ning it felf to them by its very fmall Terj- drels. At each Joint is fet a Leaf of the Figure of a Mtnifcus (u e. a Glafs concave on the one Side and convex on the other) with obtufe Horns, or ftretched out like a Butterfly’s Wing, [mooch, of a deep-green Colour, having three Ribs underneath, fpread- ing fmaller Branches up and down, alrncft an Inch long, and extended almoft two from one Extremity to the other, adhering to a very (hurt Foot-ftalk, not above three Lines long, and fomewhat twifted. From the lame Joints comes forth a crim- fon Flower without Smell, refting upon a Fooi-fiaik about an Inch long, which, be¬ fore ir blows, refembles a fmall Cone, almoft. ©r,e Digit long, blown up .and fwelling in the. lower Part L When ir is blown it puts forth Leaves difpofed in the fame Manner as in the GranadilU'sy the under fomewhat lar¬ ger than the upper, an Inch long, three or four Lines broad, fhaped like a blunt Tongue* (omewhat crooked on the outfide, with three Nerves appearing underneath ; the inner or upper ones, fmooth, fhorter and narrower, ranged round a channelled Pipe, which is ftaped like a Cone, hollow, and cut off above, about half an Inch long, from the Bottom of which rifes a very fmall Pillar,, fomewhat longer than in the other Sorts, of a reddift Colour, divided at Top inro five Filaments or fmall Stamina> which are crook¬ ed on the Outfide, each of them furnifhed with a fmall, pendulous, moving Chive or Cope, like a Gaft, and beftrewed with very fine yellow Duft. The Filaments em¬ brace in their Bofom a green oval Head, with three little Clubs .that are very Sender and reddift, and a green Point fixed in it, which at Iaft affumes the Shape and Size of our Jujubes ftho’ fometimes they are perfectly iound) with a thin fmooth Skin, of a dark violet Colour, and very tender Fieft withirf yielding* a violet-coloured Juice, and con¬ taining abundance of black Seeds, with little Knobs on them. When the Fruit comes to be quite ripe it becomes one half longer than in the Time of flowering. It has an infipid Tafte. It flowers alusoft the whole Year, and grows plentifully on the Brink of the Porfc of Peace in the Ifland of Sr. Domingo . TJBLE CXXVII. Fig. i. \ GENUS VII. Stella. 1S a Plant wirh a Rofe-Flower A> ddL*. con fifting 0 f many Leaves placed orbi¬ cularly B: Out of wbofe Flcwer-cupC, rifes- the Pointal D. which at iaft turns co round pointed Fruit E, gaping at Top like a Mi¬ tre F, and full of Seeds G, which are moftly- rounds The Species of SI*tfeITs are, r. Mitella Americana, florurn petal is firnbri- atis. American Stella* tcicl; fltfrcc* fcllOiS <04 The Conipkat Herbal . &tt frttfgCTh Sanicuia fu Cortufa Americana, altera, flore tninuto, fim * briato . H. R. Par. Cortufa Americana , ah ter a, floribus minutis, fimlriatis. Vallor. H. R. Memz. Tab. x*- The Flowers, which are white and capil- laceous are fcarce difcernible. A black Alin¬ ing Seed is contained in round Husks. 2« Mirella Americana, florum peralis in- tegris. American ^urtla, tottb JFIolxierjs ttfljofe iUaties arc eiittrc. Sanicuia mon - tana, Americana, repens. H. R. Par. Cortufa Indica vei Heeler a terreftris. Bod. a Stap. in Theophr. 366. hujus fructus delcribitur in Par. Bat. 131. An Sanicuia five Cortufa Ame~ vicana fruticofa. Park. From capiilaceous Roots it puts forth creeping and fomewhat hairy Stalks. The Leaves refemble thofe of the Cortufa Mae - thioli. In the Month of May it puts forth a fmall Stalk, about the Length of one’s middle Finger, on which are fet little pale Flowers, fhaped like Hyacinthm medicus before they blow, afterwards Scar-fafliioned and white, and furniAied with many Stamina within. Some call this Cortufa Americana flore fimbriaro, to diftinguifli it from Cortufa Americana flore fpicato , fiellatc • The Seed- veflels do not agree to Sanicle. Mr. £(ay fays, He cultivated this Plant, creeping with its Rods, for fome Years at Cambridge, but did not then nicely obferve either the Seed or Seed-vefTels. It is an anomalous Plant, and does not feem to be the fame with the Cor¬ tufa Matthioli . But fince it has got that Name, let it e’en keep it as long as it can. 3. Mirella Americana, max’ms, tindoria. SBDm'0 gtTateft American oric- ana, fu Orellana fclUculis Lappaceis. H. L. Bat. Vrucu. Pifo. Edit. 1658. 133. Acbiotl fu Mdicina tingendo apta. Hernand. 74. This is the Arbor Mexiocana frutlu Cafianeee , coccifra . C. B. Daburi Cluf. ex lib. 3* cap. 19. Bixa Ovicdi ejufdem. lib. 3. cap. 20. Vrucu BrafUienfibus Maregy • Pifo. £ qua fit tindura Orillana dida. Arbor finium re - gundorum . Scdigeri. %El)C Sl^aUCatD, AJ Moucm^trec. It is a Shrub like a Tree, about as big as the PomcitroThtree , with a white Wood like Hazel, and a dark duskiih Bark. The Leaves are placed alternately on Foot- ftalks three, four, or five Fingers long, and fometimes Aiorter, and are oblong,' pointed, lhaped like a Heart, five, fix, and even ten or twelve Digits long, of a fine green Colour, and furniAied with a Nerve thar runs long- wife, arid oblique Veins that flick out un¬ derneath. Ac the Ends of the Branches, on fliort Foot-ftalks, ftand many Flowers, ranged in the Form of a Berry, each of them as big as a Qgfe x confiding of five Leaves, that are white mixed with a faint carnation Colour. In the Middle (lands a great Number of yellow Stamina , tipped with purple Chives* It has fcarce any perceiveable Smell. To the Flower fucceeds a Fruit, vi%. a Pod or Shell, like Myrobalanes t oblong, or like a round Pyramid, two or three Digits long, of the Size of a Piune, having four moderate Angles which^run length wife : When unripe it is green without, but reddifh when ripe, and is all over briftly by Reafon of the Threads flicking up, but not prickly. In each Pod are thirty or forty Grains, every one Handing on its own Foot-ftalk, of a (harp conical Figure, or like a fmall Pea, but flat on two Sides as if prefled betwixt one’s Fin¬ gers. The Colour of the Grains is a bright and Alining Vermillion, and moiflned with Juice of the fame Colour, fo that when touched it dyes the Hand of a fine Vermillion Colour. The frefli Seeds are foft like theJ Seeds of an Apple, each of them marked with a lilver Spor. The ripe Pod opens of it felf. The dried Seeds become of a dark red Colour ; and yet retain their Tindure as before ; and whether frefli or dried, may be ufed. Rruifed and put into Ample or diflilled Water, they give it a noble Vermil¬ lion Dye, which drunk by it felf is good againft feveral Poifons, agreeable to the Pa¬ late, tailing fomewhat bitter and aromatick. It is made up into a Mafs, from whence are made Balls and Cakes that will keep many Years, and are fent into Europe. If it mixes with the Urine, it gives fuch a lafting Dye to one’s Shirt or Smock, that it can never be got out again. They likewife prepare a Magiflerium of this, like that of Coral, and keep it for Ufe. The Brafilians dye the Out- fide of their Diflies and F'agons (which they make of the Skins of Gourd) wirhthisTinCTure. The Root boiled with a Puller, or any Other Fiefh, dyes it like the beft Saffron, and gives The Compleat Herbal. 505 givesic a good Tafte. The Barbarians fet a bigh Value on this Tree, and plant it round their Cottages: It is green rhe whole Year, but bears its Fruit in the Spring ; and then it is cut down, becaufe it is ufeful for ma¬ king of Fire, by rubbing one Piece againft another, likeifriking one Flint againft ano¬ ther. This Ufe of the Wood is mentioned by Rochefort in his Hiftory of the Ijles des Antilles, and by D. Hughes in his American p by/ici an* The Bark is proper for making Cords and Ship Ropes of, which are itronger than thofe made of Hemp. The Tin&ure with fome Water of the fame Temperature, either drunk or applied out¬ wardly, allays fevcrifh Heats, (tops bloody Evacuations, difcufles Tumours and Abf- cefles ; for which Reafon it is conveniently mixed with cooling Potions, and alfo with Meats* It is likewife mixed With that delicious Liquor made of the Cacao, which we call Chocolate, in order to cool, and to give it a fine Colour and Tafte ; for by rhe Help of .this, Chocolate rs eafily digefted without any Crudity. Ic eafes the Toothach, when occafioned by Heat, provokes Urine, and quenches Thirft. They make the Tin&ure of the Fruit after this Manner : They take the Grains that are perfectly ripe, and infufe them into hot Wa¬ ter, and make Cakes of that which fubfides. It is to be obferved, however, fays Jo.de Laet , that a twofold Tin&ure is brought to ihefe Parts : Qne fimple, moft perfect, and of a crimfon Colour, which is ufcd in Wo¬ men’s Paints : [The American Iflandfcrs do likewife anoint their Bodies with ir, to make them handfome, and to make them appear more terrible to their Enemies, when they go to War.] The other, mixt with Rofin, and made up into great Balls, to which I fancy they add the Juice of the Root, for it dyes a faffron rather than a Vermilion Co¬ lour. This Genus is called Mitella from the Form of the Fruit, which refembles a fmall Mitre or Epifcopal Hat or Cap. TABLE CXXVIT. Fig, 2. GENUS VIII. Alfine, CIjlcHfoCeD. is a Plant with a Rofe-Flcwer A C, confifting of many Leaves that are fometinnes fpiit in two and fometimes en¬ tire: Our of whofe five-ieav’d Flower cup it, rifes the Pointal D, which at Lift turns to a membranous Fruit, confifting of one Cheft, that is round i(h L, and conical F, gaping GM, and full of Seeds I K O, adhering to a Placenta. The Species of CljicfttoCCtl are, I. Alfine altiffima nemorum. C. B. Fin,. 250. 2EaU ttfOOS Cl)icktecn. Afine major, repens , perennis. ]. B. 3. 362. Alfine major . Dod. Pempt* 2p. This is the Alfine major . Park, item, Alfine aquanca five paluftris ma¬ jor ejufidam, Alfine major . Ger* & Alfine pa- luftris ejufdem. (Efeeat ntatff) Cijlcfett'CCt 5 . From a perennial, creeping, fibrous Root, it puts forth feveral Stalks, which fpread far and wide, and are fome Cubits long, round and reddilh, downy and branched ; at each Joint of which are fee Leaves oppofite to one another, the largeft as big as the Leaves of Pellitory of the Wall, of rhe fame Shape, hairy along the Nerves and Borders ; but the fmalleft like the Leaves of common Chick,- weed, fomecims without a Foot-ftak, and fometimes with a pretty long and hairy one, of an infipid Tafte. The Flowers are beau¬ tiful like thofe of the Gramen leucanthetmim ; 'confifting of five Leaves, each of them fpiit to the very Bottom, white and ftriped, with fnowy Stamina poflefijng the Middle, with green Chives, from the Top of which peep out bending Fibres ; and to fupporc the whole Flower are placed under it greenifh, hairy Leaves, which infold the following Seed- veflels, which are like rhe Seed-vefl'els of Hypericum or St, Johr.s wort, narrow at the Bottom and broad at Top, in which are con¬ tained Grains as large as thofe of Poppy, redj./ difh, and hanging Branch-falhion round a Club. The Leaves of this Plant are fomerimes a little finuated round the Edges, and as it Ttt were The Qntpleat Herbal. were curled. It is found in moift and marlhy Places, and near Wells and running Water. 2 . Alfine maxima Solanifolia. Ment%. Pug. Tab. 2. Sdjc great ^tgljtfljatie 4 eat> a Cbtckteea. Mr. i{ay is of Opinion, That this Plant, which is described by CbrifUemm Mentztlius in his Pugitlum rariorum plantarum, is the fame with the former, for that it often has Leaves a little finuated about the Edges. 3« Alfine momana, latifolia, flore lacini- stto. c- b. Pin . 251. HBjoat^Ieaifa motm* satn Cljtcktmh, totdj a Jaggen iflotoer. Alfine Hederacea, montnna , maxima* Col. Parr. 1. 290. This Species has a lively Root; and Stalks ifrat are round and hairy, a Foot or a Cubic high, weak, and lying, unlefs they are fup- ported by the neighbouring Shrubs, fomewhat tfeddifh, efpecially at the Joints, which -are frequent on the StaJk, and make but (hort Intervals between, begirt with two Leaves oppofite to one anocher> retting upon long and flender hairy Foot-ftalks (an Inch and a half long,) and they themfelves likewife hairy, of a pale green Colour, long, gradually ending in a (harp Point from a broad Bot¬ tom, like the Leaves of Bindweed* and fome- times a little finuated round the Edges. The Flowers on the Tops of the Branches are white, five-Ieav’d, the Leaves being fplit al- tnoft to the Bottom, as in the other Species. The Seed-vettel is of a pyramidal Figure, with a great deal of fmall, dark yellow Seed within itv It flowers in Auguft , and the Seed is ripe in September • The Fruit of this Species is ftraigbt, and their Foot-ftalks remain upright, and not bending downwards as in the commorr Sort. 4> Alfine media. G B> Pin. 2«$0. CljtCklXItCU. Alfine vulgaris five morfm Galling. J. B. 3. 363. Alfine minor. Dod- Pempr. 26. t his is the Alfine minor five media • Ger. and the Alfine minor. Park. Common CljiCkUtCC^ It is not much unlike the greater Sorr, and loves to grow in the fame Places. The Roots are capillated, or rather fingle, divided into many fmall Fibres, which lay hold of the Earth (o ftrongly, that it is hard ro ex* tirpare them* with Tendrels lying along upon the.Ground that are cender 3 hairy, red¬ dish and jointed. Tfee Leaves are like* thofe of Pimpernel, fmaller than in the greater Species, fomewhat hairy, in like Manner fee over againft one another at the Joints, and of an infipid Tafte. The Flowers are while, Scar-falhioned, and fmaller ; but the Seed in the Husks is not unlike* It grows in oozy Places near Hedges and Roads, as alfo in Vineyards and Gardens among Coleworts, and flowers almoft the whole Year. This Plant varies fo remarkably, accord¬ ing to the Nature of the Soil, and other Ac¬ cidents, and puts on fo many different Face*, that the common Botanifts make different Species of all thefe Varieties in the fame Spe¬ cies. *$. Alfine Planraginis folio. J. B. 3. 3 6$. pfatuatn^Ioab’o Cljtcfttomi, From a fmall Root capillated with many very fmall Fibres, ir puts forth a great many Stalks nine Inches long, round, flender, ly¬ ing along upon the Ground, jointed, branch¬ ed, and rough with a (hort Down, fo that it almoft efcapes the Sight. The Leaves at the Root are fmall, refting upon longifh Foot-ftalks, fmaller on the Stalks and with (horter Foot-ftalks, growing in Couples over againft one another, fomewhat longer apd narrower than thofe of the common Chick- weed, in which are chiefly remarkable the Nerves running lengthwife, like thofe of Plantain Leaves, five at moft, raifed and eafiiy obferved on the further Side. At each Divarication of the Stalks and Branches ftands a fmall Flower, refting upon Foor- ftalks an Inch long and better, being fmall, white and five-IeavM, the Leaves being in- tire, (harp, and not fplit as in common Chick- weed, and furrounded with five long, nar¬ row, (harp Leaves of the Flower-cup. The Seed-ve(Tel is much fuch as that of common Chickweed, having a high Top, and full of fmall, black, (hining Seeds in the Shape of a Kidney, opening ic felf when ripe on the upper Parr, after the Manner of Lychnis. This Plant is not remarkable either for any Tafte or Smell. It flowers in the Months of May and June, and quickly bears ripe Seed. Ic is very commonly to be met with in Coppices, and on the Banks of Ditches, efpecially in oozy and marlhy Places. 6 . Alfine The Cowpleat Herbal. c|07 6. Alfin£ Hyperici folio. D. Vaillant . CljtckVJccs tottlj a &t. So&uie^w Jleaf. 7. Alfine Americana, Nummularis foliis. prodr. Par. Bat. & Par. Bat. American CfjtckbaecP, tuulj a y&ennyMW IleaL Xhe Root confifts of very fmall whitifli Filameors, fpreading all around taper Stalks, a Foot long, lying along upon the Ground, and round, which being ftretched, the Skin breaks, as in the other Chickweeds, the tougher inner Part remaining unbroken. At more than a Fingers Diftance come forth Leaves in Pair* cppofite to one another, almoft round, Hand¬ ing upon very fliort Foot-ltalks, the Diameter being 7 of an Inch long, with Plantain Nerves running along the whole Leaf from the Foot-ftalk. Several Flowers come forth together upon Foot-ftalks an Inch long, coming out of the Wings of the Leaves, being com¬ posed of oblong white Leaves, as in the other Species: To which fucceed fo many fmall Seeds. It grows commonly on the watery Banks of the River Cobre , and in other fliady and moift Places. 8. Alfine mamma, perennis, Numnulariae folio. Maritime perennial Cijicklneeu, fcmf) a tic at 9. Alfine Lotoides, ficula. Eocc. rarior. Plant. 21. Alfine folio Sphaeroide, Heliocro- pio cognata. H. Cathol • The reddifli, jointed and feeble Stalks of this Plant lie along upon the Ground. The Leaves, as to their Subftance, or Texture and Figure, but not as to their Number, are fomething like the Leaves of the Lotus Libyca Dalccbampii , or the Trifolium veficarium , or the Halicacabus of Camerarm. The Flowers Seed-veflels and Seed furround the Sraiks Wherle-fafhion like tbofe of common Chicly wed . Paul Boccone found it near Qatanea , in wet and marfhy Places. Cafpar Bauhinus deferibes it thus : It has, fays he, a fmall oblong Root, furnilhed with hairy Fibres: Thick-fet (lender Stalks fpread¬ ing upon the Ground, and then fupporting therofelves with Fibres at the Intervals be¬ twixt the Joints : Oblong, narrow, pale Leaves growing in Couples over againft one another ; and (mall Flowers joined together like Clufters of Grapes , and refting upon very (lender Fooc-ftalk^ to which fucceeds fmall Seed. I, 0. Alfine Americana, Auriculae Urfi foliiV ptum. gmertcanCljtcktuce^ toftlj cat Heabe& II. Aifine lirtoralis, foliis Portulacse. C. B. pin. 251. Cljtcktomj, tuitl) fiattC iL£ab£ 0 » Alfines rjuoddam genus y Pe/a- gium & iittorale . Ciul. Hilt. 184. 12. Alfine verna, glabra, fioribus umbet- htis, albis. tfternaL ftttootlj Cljicktuec'0, beating boljtte iFIotucts tn an Umbch Caryophyllus arvenfis , umbelhferm . J. B. 3- 36 r. Caryophyllus arvsnfi.t y umbellatus , folio glabro. C. B. Pin. 210. Holofieum caryophylUnniy ar - venfe • Tabern. Icon. 233. This Plant has a hard and fibrous Root: The Leaves are thicker, broader and harder than thofe of Moufe-ear with the beautiful Flower, and not fo (harp-pointed. The Stalks are (lender, fmall and round, a Span long, parted by three or four Joints, out of which rife two Leaves oppofite to one another, equal to the lower ones which rife from the Roor. On the Tops (land fix or feven, more or fewer, white upright Flowers on long Foot- ftalks, like the Flowers of that. When thefe decay, they are fucceeded by fmall long Heads containing (mall Seed, and bending downwards. It is to be met with in Corn-fiields in feveral Countries beyond Sea, but is not to be found, that I know of, in England. 13. Alfine verna, glabra. Bot. Monfp . beroat ClncktLwa. 14. Alfine pratenfis, gramineo folio, am- pliore. $)eaiiotu Cbicktoeen, butb a large ILeaf. Caryophyllus arvenfis glaber , fiore majors. C. B. Pin. 20 r. Gramen Fucbfii five ,Leucanthemon. J. B. 3* 36 *• Gramen fioridum * majuf. Tabern. Icon. 232. It creeps with a little feeble jointed Root on the Surface of the Ground, but fending Fibres deep down. The Stalks are naked, fquare, nine Inches, and a Cubit high, parted by Joints, at each of which are fee two gra(Ty, (harp and ftiff Leaves : Out of whofe Wings come forth final! hairy Foot-ftalks, on which Hand beautiful white Flowers, cotnpofed of five Leaves deeply cut and (biped, in the Middle of which are faftron Chives. Under th$ whole Flower Hand five Leaves of the T tt gaping T be Contpleat Herbal. gaping Cup. A Head follows fhaped like a Hat, made up of fix Parcs, and containing the Seed. Thus far Bauhinus : To which add : . That the Sralk at Top is divided into two Branches, each of which is again divided in- ro other two Branches, &c. At each Divari¬ cation of the Scalk and Branches rifes one Flower out of the Angle, fupporred by a long Foor-italk : Which Situation of the Flowers is common to the Caryopbyllus boh - fteus arvenfis , and other Plants of this Ge¬ nu*. It grows in Woods, Hedges and Thickets, and flowers in the Spring* 15. A'fine pratenfis, gramineo folio aogu- ftio/c. fBcaoom Clncktteeti, fend; a nar^; rotoci* 0^afs> iLCaf* Ciryophyllus arvenfis y gjaber , fiore minore. C. B. Pin.. 2 to. Gramini L’Ucbfii Leucanthemo affinis & fimilis plant a* J. B. 3. 361. Gramen floridum minus . Ta- bern. Icon. 232. leffer ©tttCljlOQJt* This Species flowers later than the former, and has fmailer fquare Sprays, with a ftrong and tough middle Nerve. The Leaves, which grow in Couples oppofite to one ano¬ ther, are fhorter and greener than in the common L:ucanthemum . The Stalks obferve the fame Divifion, and the Flowers the fame Situation with its Flowers ; but they are rauch fmailer, and Band upon very long Foot-Balks : Befides, they confift of five Leaves, which are cut fo very deep, that to a.xarelefs Obferver they might feena to be ten, with reddifh Chives. The Flower-cup has five (harp Leaves. The Heads are fmal- 2 «r and oblong. The Root is in like Manner fibrous and creeping. It grows in Failures, among Thorns , Br*- ars, and Broor, 2, efpecially in a fandy Soil. According ro the Soil where it grows, it changes its Countenance remarkably ; for on the Banks of Ditches in the l(le of Ely , it has the grey Colour of Clove-gillyflowers^ and Wronger and fhorter Stalks. 16. Alfine aquatica, media. C. B. Pin . 251. spioole, tuater Cljtektwii. alfine longi ■* folia , uliginofis proveniens locis, J. B. 3.365. Alfine font ana. Taber n. Icon. 712. This Species has fmall. creeping Roots. The Stalks are a Foot high, fquare and fee¬ ble 1 at whofe Joints are fet Leaves in Pairs, equal to the Leaves of Hedge tfyjfcp, not dented round the Edges, ending in a Poinr, fmcoth, with one Nerve running along the Middle, broader about the Middle than the Leaves of Gramen Leucantbemum minus , but has Flowers prerty like, or like thofe oE common Cbickyveed , which hang at the Tops of the Branches, and are Srar*lalhioned and white- But the Leaves encompafiing the Flower are five in Number, and green • but the white ones are ten in Number, with Chives befide. J. B. It grows commonly in ftinking Marfhes and Brooks. There are not really ten Leaves in the Flower of this Planr, but only five, which are cut fo very deep that they feem to be ten, and may eafily impofe upon an unwary Obferver. 17. Alfine paluftris, Serpylli folio. Bocc. rarior . plant. 48. HBatrlb HJttlj n pother of %\jmt ileaf. It has fmall flefhy Leaves, narrower than tbofe of Gratiola Hyjjopifolia, which are pla¬ ced in Pairs over againft one another at the Joints of the Stalks that lie upon the Ground, The Flowers, which are reddifh, Band in the Bofoms of the Leaves; to which fucceed fmall Seed-veffels and Seed like tbofe of common Chickyveed . The whole Plant fcarce fpreads half a Span. It grows in marfhy Places about Syracufe . 18. Alfine Alpina, Serpilli folio, multi- caulis Sc multiflora. ClltCktDCeO of tljO tnttft a border of K\)vme 2leaf, ntanp ©talk#, ano manp ifloton:#, 1 pi Alfine minor, mulricaulis. C. B« Pin. 250. ©mall CljrtktoetfJ, toitb many ©talk#* Alfine minima • J. B. 3. 364. Dod. Pempt. 30. In its whole Make it refembles common Cbickvoeed; but is every way lefs, and fur- nilhed with tender hairy Branches. It has very fmall Leaves, fmailer than thofe of com¬ mon Chickyveedy blackifh, fomewhat hairy, Banding upon a very fhort Foot-Balk ; and has likewife a white Flower. The Seed contained in the Seed-veffels is very fmall and reddifh. The Leaves of this Plant refemble the Leaves o i Mother of Thyme • the Flower confifts of five undivided Leaves, by which it > The Cowplcat Herbal. 5°9 it is eafily diftinguifhed both from the greater and the fmaller Cbickweed- It is found in the fame Places with the former, and grows not feldom on Walls. 20 . Alfine Bononienfis, non acufeata. Bocc . rarior. Plant. 22. ^OltOntaU CljiCkUTfti, not pjtcMp* It lies flat upon the Ground, and is lur- nilhed with fmall, ftiff, jointed Stalks di¬ vided into many Branches ; around which adhere fmall narrow Leaves, (landing thick and clofe to one another, like the Leaves of ' Titbymalus leptophyllus, which contract when the Plant is old, and feem as if they were prickly. The Flowers are fmall and whitifli, and the Seed-veffels like the others. The Author obferved this at Bononia , and near the Village called Chantilly . 21; AlfineYenuifolia. J. B . 3. 364. %\)\W frati t> CJjtcKtoeeti. It his a great many whitifh, ligneous, and parted Roots; from which rife Stalks a Palm and a Palm and a half high, and fometimes higher, round* and branched ; at the Knots or Joints of which are fet Leaves in Pairs, like the Leaves of Tunica minima , long and thin* The Flowers hang at the Tops of the Branches, at longilh Foot-ftalks riling out of the Bofoms of the Leaves, fmaller than the Flowers of the third Ghickyoeed of Fucbfius, white and Star-faihioned. This Plant has no difcernible Tafte. When it flowers it is like Linum catharticum ♦ It grows at the Bottom of Gogmagog, and on Triplevp Hea'h near Cambridge , and el(e- where in the fame County. J . Bauhinus found it in the Fields about Montpelier , flow¬ ering in the Month of April. 22. Alfine Alpina, Junceo folio. C. B. Pin• 2^1. Prodr . up. C^icktocn of the font!) a ttu® lleaf. It rifes a Palm high: Its Stalk is divided in two immediately from the Root, and tbefe again into other two lhorter Branches ; be¬ tween which rifes one or two Stalks half a Palm high, bearing one Flower on the Top, and this (Ls upon one or two Foot-ftalks, upon each one, and that white, five-leaved, pretty large, and rifing out of a Flower- cup. It has capillaceous, green and ftiff Leaves, irregularly placed, and flowers in fib- It is found on the Mountains in Sutherland and about Geneva- C. B. Mr. l{-iy could not find it there. 23. Alfine tenuifolia, mufeofa. C J?. Pin . 251. ntofeato moffv ClucktoeeB. Al-> fine mufeofa quibufdam . J. B. 364. This little Plant is very tender and feeble, covering the Surface of the Ground like Mofs, with little Stalks a Palm or two Palms- long, fometimes two or three Inches long, very fmall and branched, at whofe Joints are placed Leaves an Inch, and an Inch and a half long, fometimes fcarce half an Inch, fmall like a Thread, of a pieafant green Colour, The Flowers are very fmall and white, confifting of four little white Chives ftanding upon a greenilh Knot. The Flowers are followed by fmall Cups, which are full of bay or dark red Seed, almoft like that of Purflane. The Root is (lender and ufelefs, and fibrous at the Joints. You may tafte lbmewhat that is bitterilh in this Plant. , It loves the (hady and wet Tops of Moun¬ tains. Mr. I{ay obferved it on the Mountains of Stiria , and alfo on fura and Saleva near Geneva in wet and fliady Places, befide Springs and Wells. It flowers in $uly and Auguft. 24. Alfine faxatilis, Laricis folio, major, . 8c majori flore. (feat Mocfc tmrt; a 3larcl) 3 leaf, ana a ia t$e jflctor. . Auricula muris pulchro flore , folio tenuijfmo . J* B. 3. 360. An Alfine Caryophylloides tenuL folia , montana , Lint flore . Raii. This Plant has a lively and ligneous Root. . It has many fmall Stalks or Branches, as in the Pinks, which are ligneous, and covered * with an a(h-coloured Bark, and divided by thick-fet Joints ; at each of which are fee Leaves in Pairs over againft one another, as in the Tunica minima , or purple Spurrey , and like Larch Leaves. The Stalks are branched, fmooth below, and hairy above, bearing large white Flowers at Top, that , reft upon • long hairy Foot-ftalks, with five Leaves ftriped within, roundilh, and fplit on the Borders as in the Lychnis ; fo that the whole Flower refembles Flax Flower, but does nor fall quickly, but continues long, containing many yellowilh Stamina , or from white tend? ing to an herby Colour. The Cup is hairy and five-leav’d, expanded like the Flower* . The Seed-vcffel is iongi'fh and -thick. $ia The Compleat Herbal. It flower’d in the End of June on the Hill Joint. The Branches always grow out oF of T bum. the alternate Wings of the Leaves : The 25. Alfine faxatilis, Laricis folio, minor, Flowers likewife come forth from the Wings & minore flore. f&fttaU, $0C&, lLar(f^ of the Leaves alternately, growing fincle Irab’D CfjjyttofCt?, IStrij a tmll fupported by long fmall Foot-ftalks, five' Caryophyllus faxifragus, foliis tenuifimis, pul- leav’d, being white, very fmall, and fitting chro flore albo. Bot. Monfp. in a four-leav*d Cup. To thefe fucceeds a 26. Alfine fa xa til is 8c multiflora, capilla- round Seed-veffel, like chat of common C£jc4- ceo folio. Ltock an& mankVflOtDer’h €I)tClte weed, which becomes membranous by Age iurctij lUUlj a raptUaCCOttS 3Ltaf. pellucid, and full of very fmall reddilh Seeds, 27. Alfine piluftris, capillaceo folio, mini- The Root, which is fomerimes fingle and ma. %\}t fmalfeff ^ar{Ij. This Plant -has a long tbickifh Root, with fome Shoots growing at the Sides of lr, and rafting like Beets , The Stalks are many, Tpreading on the Ground, nine Inches long, divided into Branches, at each Joint of which are fet Srar-falhioned Leaves, which are nar¬ row, (harp-pointed, (horter than thofe of common Spurrey, of a faded green Colour, about half an Inch long, commonly fmooth, feldom hairy, about which are placed as it were two white Scales, as in Polygonum . The lafte is herby. At each Divarication of the Branches (lands a Flower, as alfo on the Tops of the Stalks at each Joint, which are of a purple Colour, and refemble the Flowers of Anagallis phcenicea , confiding of five Leaves, (ome upright and open, others nodding and (hut, (landing in a five-leav’d, oblong, herby and fomewhat hairy Flower- cup 5 and reding upon oblong hairy Foot- flalks. The Seed is contained in conoidal Seed-veffels, which gape into three Keels when ripe, and is very (mall like Sand, dusk- ifli or reddilh. It is common in fandy and gravelly Places ; and flowers in the Months of May and June . 43. Alfine Spergula? facie, minima, femini- bus nudis. £>pi*n> 4 tke ClftcMucet^ feritl) This is a very fmall Plant, with a white Flower, and no membranous Circle about the Seeds. ^ It is found in the Gaps betwixt Bondy and the Caftle of Rainey. 44. Alfine The Comp I eat Herbal . 512 44. Alfine marhima, fupina, villofa, foliis lanceolans. Loto, kaicp, maritime Chick; mireti, feltl) Lancet Leabes* Antbyllis, P. Aip. Exoc. 1*^7. This is a very fmall Plant, a Palm high, •and very (hrubby : For from the Root it puts forth feveral long, (lender, round, whitifli Stalks, at leaft five in Number; from which come forth many fmall (hort Shoots at fmall Diftances, begirt round with many very fmall Leaves, of the Figure and Size of thofe of Lentils , which appears, a very thick Shrub both from the Multitude of the Stalks and of the Leaves that encompafs them, and grows in a Circle. On the Tops of the Shoots come forth fmall Flowers, to which, inftead of Seeds, fucceeds fmall, oblong, round Fruir, of the Size and Shape of PVhsat. The whole Plant is white, and is fait to the Tafte : But the Rooc is long, fmall, jointed and white, having alfo the fame fait Tafte. It grows on the Coafts of the Kland of Candy, ^ > 45. Alfine maritima, fupina, foliis Chamae- fyces, Lota maritime Cfjtckfteeb, tuitb pettp SlUir^e Leab?;0u Antbyllis maritima , Cbamjefycd firnihe. C. B. Pin, 2-82» Antbyllis Valentin a i Ciufi Hift* clxxxvi.. From one Root it puts forth many little Stalks or Twigs nine Inches long, lying upon the Ground, branched and reddifh. The Leaves are fmall, refembling thofe of Lent ills , or rather petty Spurge, (which the whole PI ant fo much refembJes, that any one at firft Sight would take ft for petty Spurge , but if you examine it accurately, you will find that it wants the milky Juice) and generally be- ftrew^d, as well as the Branches, with a certain faicifh Daft, which takes faltifiL Among the Leaves come forth fmall Flowers eonfiftiog of four Leaves of a whitiftj pur¬ ple Colour, It has a (ingle biackifh Root, Chljhis, who is Author of the Defcripeion, never faw this Plant except in the Ditches round the Cky b f'VMtniin in Spain, near that Gate which looks to the Royal Ca ftleo 46, Alfine maritima, fupina, foliis quad vermicular!?, La&> ftWififtte CljfcktWb, tuitlj Leaws w it mu ti;eftjuece& 47, Alfine msfitima, Hi!panics, fruucofa, foliis quad verraiculatis, Maritime fmbbv CWtktnee^ %tms as it mu fljtttwttek 48. Alfine Samii, media, villofa tota, Nibble Samian Cljicktoccb, all ober Ijatcp. 49. Alfine Sarnia graveqlens, faxatilis & verna, foliis lanceolatis. a>amtau ftmktUCr, $ock anb bernal CI)icktoeeb, tnitl; Laii; cet Leabes* «p. Alfine verna, hirfuta, flore albo. LleC; nal Ijatrp Cljicktnecb, tnttlj a toljue er. 51. Alfine verna, hirfuta, flore fuaveru- bente. zmernai Ijatrp Cljicktoeeb, tnitl) a fine reb iflotuer. 52. Alfine orientalis, CaryophyJli folio, flore magno, in capitulum congefto. ental CljtckUieeb, tnitfi a ^tnk Leaf, anb a large jflotner gatliereb into a igeab. 53. Alfine orientalis, Caryophylli folio, flore magno, fparfo. (Duental Cfitcktneeb, ftrith a #(nk Leaf, aab a large fcattering JHo&er. 54. Alfine orientalis, Caryophylli folio, vifcofq flore magno, albo. iD^tental clam; mp Cjjicktteeb, tmtlj a large toljtte jflotn; er* 5 s ), Alfine orientalis, Caryophylli folio, flore parvoi albo. ©jientai Cljtckfreeb, initlj a ^tnk Leaf, anb a fmall ttljtte J?!o Wt. 5 6, Alfine orientalis^ Caryophylli folio, sngufHflimo, & humilior. Cental loU-et Cfjickfteeb, tottf; a Derp narrow JBtnk Leal Alfine orientalis, fruticofa, Campho ra? folio. Rental fimtk Chtcktaeetr, tbit!) a ftinktncj C^otmb^ptne Leal 58^ Alfine orientalis, fruticofa, Larieis fo¬ lio, ftoribus in capitulum congeftis, fpjfctt* taX ftutb Cfricktoeeb, With a Larch Leaf, anb jflotoers gatljereb into al^eab. ^9. Alfine orientally laxatilis. _ hu icofa, foliis 8 c floribus versiciliaris, fiDjtCntal i&ock Cktckbieeb, mitlj tuljedeb LraV-c^ anb JPlo^firR Chic kneed is called Alfine from J: to . cm t Grove, quid lute: & umhrefa he a a usee, because it loves Groves and fhady Pi.ic« s t Pliny fays, Alfine y quam quid am Mtifiun Appellant) mfsim in h-:is, vnde At fin? diha. There is but one Specks pi ft men¬ tioned by Oiofaorides and />%?, ind none * 1 all by Iheophrajius ; fo that one would wendei st its coming to, within cne of (txrj Specie« i U U U # bit $ 14 CompTeat Herbal. but the Annenrs were not fo curious and nice as the Moderns, either in clafling, ar¬ ranging or numbring of Plants. The Species ufed in the Shops is generally the Alfine media C. Baubini ; or the Alfine vulgaris Jive morfus Gallina - } which is our fourth Species. This, fays C. Hoffman , is cooling and moiftening with an aqueous Eflence. Of old it was ufed in all external Heat or Warmth, as alfo in moderare Eryfipelas. Our Cuftom is to give the diddled Water to Children that have Fits. Some hkewife ufe it in confum- ptive Cafes. It has the fame Qualities with PeUitory of the Wail, unlefs that it is not aftringenu It is thought to nourifh notably, and therefore Is accounted a good Diet for fuch as labour under an Atrophy and Confumption. Scbrod. The Juice of this Plant is given by our Women in Milk to Children that are trou¬ bled with Gripes. It is a healthful Food taken with other Specificks, and reduced to a Gruel or Pottage, for fuch as labour under an Atrophy. Hoffman.. Dtiofcor ides fays, That it is proper to cure any Sort of Inflammation, and is withal aftringent : But Galen and Oribafim fay, That Chickpaeed has no aftringent Quality in It. Paulus ALgineta and Ait ins agree as to its cooling Qualicy ; but fay nothing of its bind¬ ing : It ferves therefore for all Manner of Heat both internal and external, to cool and temper the Blood inflamed in Agues, or the Heat of the Liver and Stomach breaking out on the Lips, to recover a loft Appetite, and ftrcngthen a weak one j it is ufed in beCttck Fevers, and to allay the Heat of the Back and Urine. Galen , and after him others, fay, That it has the fame Virtues with PeUitory of the Wall; but it is commonly found to be as efficacious as Purjlane , to all the Purpofes fbr which it is applied, except only for Sal- lads, (3 c . The Herb bruifed, or the Juice applied with Clothes or Spunges dipped there¬ in to the Region of the Liver, and as they dry to be moiftened affeih, wonderfully tempers the Heat of the Liver, and is like- wife cfFe&ual for ail hot Impoftumes and Swellings what foe ver, as St. Anthony s Fire and the like, and for Rednefs in the Face, Wheales, Purties, Pimples, Itches or Scabs ; and for thefe Purpofes the Juice may either be (imply applied, or boiled with Hog’s- lard and applied : The fame is faid to cure Cramps, Convulfions and Palfeys, applied in the fame Manner. The Juice or diftiiled Water dropped into the Eyes, cures Heat and Rednefs in them ; and is of good Effed to eafe Pains, Hear, and Sbarpnefs of the Blood in the Piies; and in general, eafes all Pains in the Body occafion- ed by Heat: It is likewife ufed in hot and virulent Ulcers and Sores in the Privy Parts of Man or Woman, in the Leggs or elfe- where. The Leaves boiled with Marfh Mal¬ low, and made up into a Poultis with Fetup greek and Linefeed applied to Tumours or Impoftumes, ripens and breaks them, or al¬ lays the Swelling and eafes the Pain ;.,The fame alfo comforts the Sinews when fhrunk wirh Cramps, and makes them fupple and pliant. Some fay, That while the Herb is boiling with Hog’s-lard to make a Salve for fore Leggs, if one ftir it wirh one’s bare Finger it will not do any Harm : Any one that has a Mind may try the Experiment. When a Sinew is (trained, the following is a fovereign Remedy : Boil a Handful of Chickwed and a Handful of red Bp fie Leaves dried, in a Quart of Mufcadine i till'a fourth Part be conlumed ; then put to them a Pint of the Oil of Trotters or Sheep’s-feer, let them boil a good while, (till ftirring them well, which being (trained, anoint the Part affe&ed therewith warm at a Fire, rubbing it well with your Hand, and alfo bind fome of the Herb, if you pleafe* to the Place; do fo again the next Morning and Evening, and by the Blefling of God you will find Eafe and Relief-.. Park. Chickwed is moiftening, cooling, lenitive, thickening, (tops the immoderate Flux of the Hemerhoids, and eafes their Pain ; taking the Deco&ion of it, and applying it out¬ wardly. It contains abundance of Phlegm and Oil, and but little Salt* Lemery Cbickpaeed is thus analyfed by Mr. Tour, nefort. Ic has, fays he, an herby Tafte, that is a little faltifii. Cordus obferved fomerhing nitrous in it; but fince it reddens blue Paper pretty much, I am of opinion, that its Sale has a good deal of Affinity with Sal ammo - niack,; but which in this Plant is diftoivtd in a great Quantity of Phlegm. ‘jobn Bau- The Compleat Herbal. s * i $ hints affirms, That the diftilled Water of Chickpeed, or the Infufion of it in Wine, recovers fuch° as are very much extenuated, after heavy SicknefTes; and Schroder com¬ mends it much in Confumptions. The Ufe of this fame Plant preferves Children from convulsive Fits. A Dram of its Powder is given for the Falling-ficknefs. Solcnander fays, That this Powder laid upon the Piles flops the immoderate Flux of them, and eales their Pain, The Juice of Chicks weed is vulnerary and deterfive, as well as the Sal ammoniac^ which is excellent for clean ling the Mouth and caking away Inflammations in it. For Spitting of Blood, the Patients are ordered to eat Amulets made with this Herb minced fmall K inftead of Par/ley, Applied to the Breads, it diflolves the coagulated Milk, and diflipates the too great Quantity of that Liquor. With all thefe Vertues we may re¬ concile that of cooling, which is attributed co Chickxvced: For the moft Part of Reme¬ dies do not cool other wife than by reftoring the ordinary Velocity of the Blood, which upon its being difordered in the Vifcera , flag- nates there, and ferments the more power¬ fully, and thereby heats all the neighbouring Parts. Openers are capable of cooling in this Senfe, fince they open the Conduits or Canals through which the Liquors ought to circulate. The Antients who, in Remedies, inquired more into the Effe&s rban the Cau- fes, ought not to be blamed for calling the moft Part of thofe cooling, which are proper to increafe the Motion of the Humours. Eve¬ ry body knows, That Chiekyoeed is com¬ monly ufed to reftore the Appetite in Canary- birds, Linnets, and other Birds kept in Ca¬ ges : This is no new Ufe of this Plant j for Tragus, Anguillara and feveral Authors have mentioned iu _ GENUS IX. Alfinaftrum, USaffatS Cfjtcfe* foeen. Cfytc&teeh is a Plant that differs " from Chickpeed in a one-leav’d Flower- cup, and from Campion in a Rofe-Flower. The Species of JSaffatft ClftCkteeet! are," 1. Alfinaftrum Graciolae folio. djjtcteeo, tone!) a Maectvljpflbp Leaf. 2. Alfinaftrum Gallii folio. JBattarK CJ)tcktoce», tmtl) a CaDtcs/jeolfrabJ Jleaf. This Plane is called Aljina/lrum from its Refemblance of /ilfine ; which is all we can fay of it. TABLE CXXVII. Fig. j. GENUS X. Myofotis, ^oufe-eat. A/f SDttfe^eaC is a Plant with a Rofe-FIow- er A, confifting of many Leaves placed orbicularly B: Out of whofe Flower cup C, rifes the Pointal D, which afterwards turns to a Fruit E, refembling an Ox’s Horn, gaping at the Top F, and full of (mail Seeds, which are generally roundifh H, and fixed to a Placenta G. The Species of ©Ottfe^ear are, 1. Myofotis Aipina, latifolia. J 5 j 0 ah 4 eah*ll ©outwear of the Sips, caryopbyiius boh - flius , Alpinus Utifolius. C. B. Pin* 210. Prodr. 104. This is the Caryopbyiius Alpinus , lati- folitu . Park, ©otmtatn l^oateleato’u Vink* This firft Species has a (mail, white, fibrous, creeping Root, from which rife fevetal bend¬ ing, hairy Stalks, three or four Inches long, with two fmall, broad, and fomewhar round, pointed, hairy, thick Leaves at each Joint ; and from thence upwards come forth final! Poot-ftalks bearing each of them a large, white, five-leav’d Flower, (landing in a green Husk, on which Hands afterwards a Jong Husk containing the Seed. 2* Myofotis romentofa, Linariae folio am- pliore. jfHocfcp ©oufe^ar, Uutlj a large 2 E 0 a$ 4 la£ Leaf. Caryopbyiius boloftius, fo¬ ment ofus % latifolius* C. B» Pin. 21O. Prodr. 104. The whole Plant is covered with white,- foft and thick Flox, infomuch that it feems to be nothing elfe but Flox. The Stalks, which are jointed, and nine Inches high, bear two Leaves at'each Joint, placed over againft U u u 2 one 516 T he CowpUat Herbak one another, as hr ge as the Leaves of Monfc- ear with the beautiful Flower, and not un¬ like in Shape, excepting only the Softnefs with the Flox ; out of whofe Bofoms arife Branches. The bigbeft Stalk is divided into feverai fmall Branches, on each of which grows a white Flower, like that of the Au¬ ricula muris fpeciofo {lore. J- B. Their Flow¬ er-cups are iikewife flocky, but membra¬ nous within, and fhine with a Silver or Pearl Brightnefs. At the Divifion of the Bran¬ ches are like wife very fnorc, Silver-coloured Leaves. This Specks was brought hither frota Italy ; but we are not told where, its native Soil is. 3. Myofotis romentofa, Linariae folio an- guftiore. jflockp spottf t?m, loirt) a mtt* nrtB SCaateflar 3leaf. caryopbySus , boio/iiw*, foment of US) angufiifolim. C. B. Pin. 210. Pfodr. 104. CaryopbySus holoftius, t omen to - fin. ]. B. 3, 360. This is the CaryophyBus an - gufl if alius, foment efus of ParJqnfon. l^Oarp iiarrofcaTeabTi ^tnk> This Plant has Stalks not a Palm long, fmall, round, and jointed underneath ; naked and almoft fmooth above ; which are pre¬ sently dividecfinto very Ihort Branches riling out of the Bofom of the Wings, and placed over againft one another. The Leaves are fomewbat oblong, very narrow, turning back, foft by. Reafon of the Fiox, and of a whitiih green Colour. The Stalk ends in three Foot-ftaiks, which are oblong, unequal' in Length, and fupported by two Leaves, each of which Foot-ftalks fufiains a green Flower- cup,’ in which fiands a Flower, which is whire, and five-leav'd. . Urns ohferved this Plant in Granada at the Foot of r. Mountain, growing in great Plenty. 4 J/ yofotisincana, repens. ^Oarp> Cteep^ Lychnis incana , repens . L h. Pin. 206. Ocymoides Lychnirij, reptan- J. B. 3. 353. Ocymoides Lycbnitk. l'o‘. Pbytbb. App. 2Q. This Plant has a very (lender Root, Ihoot- ig but a little down, and creeping in a Cir¬ cle, from which rife feverai Twigs or Sprays* which are hoary, round and hairy, having wo (mall Leaves at every Joint, which are i.mauer bclow^ and larger at the .Middle of the Twig, (which happens orherwife rn Plants which have Leaves immediately from the. Root before the Stalk rifes, .according to, TheopbrafiusJ which are hairy, flelhy, hoary* like thofe of Campion , but in Form and Size like thofe of Ocymoides Polemoniufn. The. Flowers come forth in April and May, as in the other Species, and are whire, compofed, of live fplit Leaves, and containing within them five yellow Stamina. In June it bear* dark yellow,. angular and hairy Seeds, ia oblong, foft, cartilaginous Seed-velTels : But thefe Seed-vefiels are not covered with Flow¬ er-cups as in Campions , bur have only a Balls compofed of five fmall Leaves, as in Chickweed. The Root is very lively, and. therefore produces a great many Branches, and covers the Ground with its bulky Head* . It grows wild on Our Lady's i£//, in moift and ftony Places. The Plant has a fweet Tafte ; and there¬ fore the common Berbalifh and ordinary Sort of Women do with Reafon ufe it to increafe Milk, and boil the Plant, as they do other Pot herbs, in Broth, mixing Eggs with it, a& alfo a little Pepper and Sweet Marjoram , or (as others are wont to do} make it into a Cake, by the Ufe of which they affirm, That there comes a very great Plenty of Milk* From this Faculty of. encreafing Milk the Neapolitan Berbalifts commonly call it Herbs. Lattaria. 5. Myofotis Hifpanica fegetum. fepantfi^ Co:n Lychnis fegetum , minor . C. B. Pin. 204. Affine comical a, a . Cluf. Hifi. 184. J- B. 3. 35?. This Plant grows a Palm high, and confifts of one Stalk, which is divided into feverai Branches, jointed, (lender, fomewbat hairy, as in common Cbickpeed. The-Leaves refera¬ ble thofe of Chickyveed) but are a little lon¬ ger, fomewhit hairy alfo, oppofite ro one another, and coupled at Difiances. In the Hollow of the Wings fit whitiih Flowers, to which fucceed little membranous and tranfparent Horns, lhaped like a Cock’s Spur, and are found by fuch as handle them to be fprinkled with a Sort of clammy Moifture ; in which is contained fmall Seed, which becomes black when ripe. The Root is ufelefs and annual. The whole . Plant is kifipid. It The CoMpleat Herbal. \ „ $17 Tc grows common among the Corn in the Fields about Salamanca, It bear* Flowers in the Month- of May , and gives ripe Seed in the fame Month. 6. Myofotis arvenfis, fubhirfuta, flore ma- jore. ^omekshat batrp JrteXu ^ottre^ear, \m)) a large JflOtOCr. Caryophyllus, arven¬ fis y birfutus , flore majore, C. B. Pin. 210; Auricula Muris , pulchro flore albo, J.B. 3 * 3 Hoi opium Cary ophy Ileum. Tabern. Icon. 233. The jointed Root creeps under Ground, fending forth Fibres at the Joints, and put¬ ting forth Shoots. It fpreads upon the Ground a great many round, hairy and feeble Scalks, begirt with two hairy Leaves oppofite to one another at each Joint, that are narrower than the Leaves of.Mou/e-car Cbickpted , ex- cepting thofe which are on the Flower-bear¬ ing Stalks, which are full as broad; encom- pafling the Stalks without Foot-ftalks; which Stalks are divided into two Branches at Top, and each Branch into two Shoots, and each Shoot in Order divided again into other two, till you come to the End ; a Flower being placed in the Angle of every Divaricacion, and refting upon an oblong Foot-ftalk. Now the Flowers are large, equal to and like the Flowers of Stitchworf, confifting of five Leaves fplit in the Middle, ftriped, with many Stamina in the Center fuftaining pale yellow Chives- The Flower-cup is likewifc- five-leay’d. The Leaves and the Flower-cups alfo are hairy. It grows on the Banks of Earth about Cambridge, in the Plain near Newmarket, among Briars, in the Road to London be¬ tween Trumpington and Haxvkfion, and be¬ yond the Village called Fulmere, and in other Places in great Plenty. It flowers in the Summer . 7. Myofotis arvenfis, hirfuta, parvo flore. ©air? jfffeto #outeear y Tmtlj a Cmall iflotoec. Auricula muris quorundam, flore parvo, vafculo tenui, longo . J. B. 3. 35 P- v & Myofotis hirfuta, altera, vifcofa. tier iatrp, clarnmp spottfe^ear. Alfine hirfuta , altera, vifcofa. C. B. Pin. 251. Alfine fpur ia quart a. D od.Pempr. 31. This is the Alfine birfuta Myofotis latifolia pracocior. Cat. Angi. HEie bjoaoet^leab’o $)oufe^eae CJjtcktDeeti* This Plant has a fibrous Root, with very hairy Filaments from which come fev^ral Stalks a Palm, and fometimes half a Foot high, round, hairy and feeble, but generally uptight, begirt with two oppofite,Leaves at' Diftanccs, of a pale green Colour, branched* towards the Bottom ; towards the Tops the* Stalks are parted into Pairs of Branches, and tbefe again into other two leffer ones, with one Flower placed at each Divifion of the Stalk, in the very Corner of Divaricati¬ on, on a very fhort Foot-ffalk, contrary to what happens in 1 Chicfaeed* The Flowers confift of five long narrow Leaves fplit at Top, the Slit not being fo dee$ as in com¬ mon Chickpeed ; with yellowiflv green Stamina within. To thefe fucceed oblong- Seed-veflels, which are fomewhat crooked, pellucid* when ripe, and containing.a great many (mall, round, reddifh-Seeds. After the Flowers fall, the Seed immediately ripens, and falls out of the S£ed>veflels which open of themfelves. The whole Plant is a little clammy to the Touch. 9. Myofotis hirfuta, minor, Somali $£0UfCTar. Alfine hirfuta, minor . C. B. Pin. 251. IQ. Myofotis arvenfis, Polygonii folios jfielo $3ouiC;car, tuith a IHnoLgrafe Leaf.* 11. Myofotis Alpina, anguftifoiia, villola & vifcofa. dBavroln Tcab’u, ijatrp an&< clamrnp §3otife^ear of the Slips. 12. Myofotis Alpina, pumila, Myrtifolia. Sv?tle4cai) , ti, otoatT ^oure^eai* of the * 13. Myofotis tenuiflimo folio, rigido.> spottfe-rar tnttlj a bern thin fttff Heat 14. Myofotis Lufitanica, Linariae folio, magno flore. J^OttUguefe ^DOttfC'Cat, britlj a SCoaMat Heaf, ants a large Jrlolner. 15. Myofotis oriental is, flore maximo, fru-' tftu oblongo. ^Djtentai $9oufc car, bmh a berp large jflotoer, ano an oblong ifrtttt. 1 6. Myofotis orientalis, longiflimo folic* £D?ientai ^TDoufe^ear, tattl; a bern long Heat 17. Myofotis orientalis, perfoliata, Lych-' nidis folio. SEboiOttgh^W OUCUtal $$OttfC* ear, *mth a Campion Heat Moufe-car differs from Cbickyoeed in the Form of its Fruit. Myofotis comes from two Gree\ Words, fxvoc a Moufe, and *>ta an Ear , which in Fnglifb founds Moufe-ear; becaufe the Leaves of this Plant referable the Ears of a Moufe* This J: i*8 The Comvleat Herbal. This Plant is- feet little ufed in Phyfick, and therefore Authors are filent about its "Qualities; only Mr. Lemery fays. That it contains abundance of Oil, and a little Salt; that it is deterfive, aftringent and cooling > and that its Root is accounted a good Reme¬ dy for the Fiftula lacbrymalis. This is to be underftood of the firft Species particularly ; the other Species may have the fame Vir¬ tues. J. Bauhinus affirms, That the Conferve and Water of the Flowers of the 6ch Species will cure the Falling-ficknefs, and that its Leaves applied outwardly, relieve fuch as are troubled with the Palfey. TABLE CSXVIII. Fig. i. GENUS XI. Ros Solis, Eofa*f0lt'0> or uetD. CSMttefcelB is a Plant with a Rofe-Flower A, ^ confiding of many Leaves B, placed in a Circle : Out of whofe fiftulous Flower-cup C, rifes the Pointal D, which afterwards turns to a Fruit E, which is oval or pointed G, gaping at Top F H, and full of roundifh or oblong Seeds K I. To thefe Marks muft be added. That the Leaves have Hairs fcattered open them, out of which feem to Bow cer¬ tain little Drops. The Species of are, I. Ros Solis folio fubrotundo. C. B . Pin. 357. ^ttn^neto tmtlj a rottnmlb Leaf. Bprsda five Bps Solis major. Lob. Icon. 811. Ups Solis foliis circinata rotunditatis . J. B. 3. 761. This Plant fends forth from a fmall fibrous Root feveral Leaves refting upon long Foot- ftalks that are hairy on the upper Side, of an exa& round Figure, lhaped like an Ear- picker, a little hollow, of a pale green Co¬ lour, fringed quite round with fmall reddifii Stamina like the Hairs of the Eye-lid ; and wet with dewy Drops that (tick on the Hairs even in the botteft Day of Summer. Such-like Stamina , but ftiorter, Band alfo upon the upper Side of the Leaf $ for the under Side is perfe&Iy fmooth, and void of ' Hairs. From the Middle of the Leaves rife two or three Stalks, which are round, Ben¬ der and reddifii, naked of Leaves, a Palm or half a Foot long, fuftaining Flowers in a long Series, that look all one Way, and lean upon fiiort FooVftalks, white, and coming out of a Flower-cup that is cut into five Segments. To the Flowers fucceed oblong Seed-veflels, almoft of the Shape and Size of Grains of Wheat , and full of Seed. The Dew that fticks on the Hairs or Bridles is tough and clammy, and may be drawn into Threads by your Fingers. It flowers in the Month of and grows in wet marlhy Places, and very fre¬ quently among Water Mofs . 2. Rofa Solis folio oblongo. C. B. Pin . 357. , y. b. 3. 761. nritb an oblong Leaf. Bos Solis. Dod. Pempr. 474. Bprida five Bps Solis & Drofion recentiorum. Lob. Icon. 811. 3. Ros Solis folio rotundo, perennis. renntal §mn;0eto 5 Uriel) a rottno Leaf. Bprella rotundifolia , perennis* Raii Synopk 227. This Plant is larger than the firft Species, and has a perennial Root, flraight and up¬ right Leaves, not lying on the Ground in a Circle as in the common Kind, with Foot- Balks that are naked fome way up from the Root, and the upper Part from the Middle hairy. It is a Native of Devonfhire. 4. Ros Solis folio oblongo, perennis. remtiai Smn^ueto, Uriel) an oblong Leaf. Bprella longifolia , perennis. Raii Synopf. 227. This Plant has a perennial or lively Root $ it has twice as many Leaves as the common long-leav’d Sun-dew, which are round on the lower Part next the Ground, and after they begin to fpread are in good part naked, i. e. are not fringed with any Bridles about the Edges. It grows in Yorkshire , betwixt Doncafier and Bautry. Ros Solis folio oblongo, maximus. %\)t greateft &ttn^etn, Uriel) an oblong Leaf. Bprella longifolia , maxima. Raii Sy¬ nopf. 227. This Species has very long Leaves, feveral growing from the fame Root, and hairy on Both Sides from the Bottom. It grows near Carlifle. I vine us. c 4> t>- The Contpleat Herbal , ftp* Carlifle. This feems to differ from the other Species in nothing bat in its Bignefs. 6 . Ros Solis Lufitanicus, foliis Afphodeli minoris. pojtttgttefe tWtl) litof uttall This Species has Afphodil Leaves nine Inches long, furrowed on the upper Side, and hairy like Bpfella, and convex on the under Side. The Leaves, which ftand on the Tops of the Stalks, are larger than the reft of this Fa¬ mily. Mr .Tournefort gathered this Plant in Por¬ tugal , and communicated it to D. Skerard y from whom Dr. Bobart had ir. This Genus is called Bps Solis> becaufe there is always to be found on it, even in the moft exceflive Heat of the Sun, Drops of Water in the hcllow Places of the Leaves, as if it were a Dew : The other Names were given it for the fame Reafons. Botani/ls are not agreed about the Virtues of it: We (half give you their Opinions,- and then you may judge according as you fee Reafon. Both the Plant it felf, and the Juice on the Leaves are in Ufe. Dodonaut makes it hot and dry in the 4th Degree ; for which Reafon he forbids the Ufe of it internally. But there are others on the other hand (fuch as Foreftus, lib . 16. 58.) who put a great Value upon it, and commend it extremely for a Confumprion, (becaufe it fweats in the very hocteft Wea¬ ther) for the Plague, for Wounds, { 3 c. for the Falling-rfickneis, both as a Cure and as a Preventive. Laid on the Abdomen it is faid to haften the Birth; and held in the Mouth, to eafe the Toothach ; hung about the Neck, to eafe Madnefs ; and applied to the Pulfes fix Hours, and then fix Hours more, to cure the Quartan Ague, if put in Water. Schrod. I know fome who ufe the Infufion of Sun¬ dew in Aqua vita y for an ordinary Cordial. Id. The Juice of it is called that Moifture which flicks to the Herb like Swear, even ihe hottefl Days, and that in greater Plenty than at other Times, and is gathered in a little Difh by fhaking the Herb. The Vertues of it are, That it comforts the Heart, Liver and Stomach ; eafes Hend- achs arifing from a hot Caufe; cures and prevents the Plague,, It is given externally. in the Ailments of the Eyes, fuch as Pain, Inflammation, &c. Id. Schroder fuppofes, That the Dew is gather¬ ed by fhaking the Plant, and putting a Difh under to receive it ; but this is contrary to Experience : For tbofe fuppofititious Drops* if but ever fo (lightly touched by the Ends of one’s Fingers^ are immediately drawn out into tough, clammy, white, filken Threads, which can never' be gathered by fhaking, and putting a Difh under to receive them. There are fome who attribute to this Herb a certain fpecifick Vertue againft the Afthma ; but this is the Effed of too much Curioficy and Nicety ; for it does not remove every Afthma, nor cure a Confumption: A Plans which is hot and dry in the 4th Degree* burns-and heats 3 fo that it would be dan¬ gerous to ufe it in a Hedick. But if we conffder its fecondary Qualities, it breaks the Scone in the Bladder and Kidneys, and r - removes the Dropfy by carrying off the Water.. Which Effed no one that I know of has yet committed to Writing. When the * Waters of Hornhaufen were firft opened, every¬ one was full of Sun-dew : But for what Rea¬ fon ? A Marfh Plant growing by Pools and Marfhes juft fprung up, was looked upon as portentous. To this we may add the Wickednefs and Lies of the Ghymifts, who pretended, Thar a latent Mine of Gold un¬ derneath infpired into it folar Vertues. Up¬ on which Account, not a few fold the Tin- dure of this Plant for the Tinduxe of the Sun, which is prepared by a fimple Infufion of the Spirit of Wine, and the Extradion often repeated ; and which is of admirable Efficacy againft the Stone; one or two Spoon-- fuls of which is a proper Dofe. This is not carried off by an Alembick, as is commonly given out and believed; tho* it cannot be denied at the fame Time, That its diftilled Water has fomethmg of a yellowifh Colour. - Boffm. Ibis Plant is thought to be very hurtful to Sheep, for it burns up their Lungs, and cauies a deadly Cough ; and hence the Eng- lifh all ic Bpd Bpr. Ex obf. Olai Bonichii in Aft. Med. Tho. Bartholin , An* 1679 . cbf. 53 , But Olaus Borrichius was not the firft that made and delivered this Obfervation ; fince Carrier art us in his Garden takes Notice, That ' lo 'The Compleat Herhtl. it was obferved by the Shepherds in England , That the Sheep which eat much and often of this Herb, have difeafed Lungs, vitiated with a certain Rotiennefs and Confumption. Gerard lays, That, it {Lengthens and nou- rifhes the Body, efpecia-Iiy if it be diftiiied with *Wine, and that Liquor made of it which the common People call Rufa-fo'is. This ws* frequently ufed formerly as a Cor¬ dial in fwooniog is a Plant with a Rofe-FJower A, confiding of many Leaves placed orbi¬ cularly : From the Center of which rifes a Pointal B, which afterwards turns to a Fruit or Husk C, which is generally three.corner’d, gaping in three Parts D, and full of Seeds that are for the moft part roundifh E. The Species of l&ttfi) are, I. Juncus acinus, capitulis Sorghi. C. B. Pin . II. Juncus pungens, feu Juncus acurus capitulis Sorghi. J. B. i. 520. This is the Juncus maritirrius , capitulis Sorghi of Parkin' fon. jgijtMp large It riles with a great Croud of Stalks that are a Foot and a half high, pretty thick, and ftiflT, with a thick Bark, and firm, white Pith, which, immediately from a Root in¬ terwoven with thick Fibres, are wrapped up in foliaceous Sheaths that are reddilh, about nine Inches longj with leathered Crefts ac¬ companying them, which refemble the Au - ftrian Matweed in Shape, but not in Colour, which in this Plant is reddifn. Three or four Inches below the prickling Point of the Seems come forth glomerated Heads of Flowers and X x x Seeds, $22 The Cowpleat UerhaL Seeds, (which are roundifh, Ihining, duskifh, refembling thofe of Sorghum, and containing very fmall, oblong, and duskifh Seed:) Un¬ der the Rife of which is let a Leaf, which rifes from thence, in its broad Bottom re¬ fembling a Sheath, and ending in a Point. This Species grows in great Plenty on the Sand-Banks on the Weftern Coaft of Wales in Merioneth [hire. C Bauhinus fays. It grows commonly about the Bath near Padua, as aifo not far from Montpelier e, near a Vil¬ lage called PerauU, nay, and all along that Coaft. 2. Juncus acutus, panicula fparfa. C* B. Tin . ii. Juncus foliaceu*. J. B. 2. 521. Juncus acutus. Dod. Tempt. 605. This is the Juncus acutus vulgaris. Park. CoUtUTOtt Mtiflj. ” The Root goes along the Surface of the Earth obliquely, being firmly fixed by the many dark Fibres that it fends down ; from . whence come forth a great many Rufhes out of the thick and as it were bulbous Heads or Gems, being covered with membranous, bay and Ihining Coats. Thefe membranous Coats, which fhine with a bay Golour, as If they were polifhed, the innermoft being much longer than the reft» infold and cover the Bottom of the Rulh, the length of a Palm and better. The Rufhes are above a Cubit and a half high, flender, round, chan¬ nelled, with a thick Bark, little Pith within, but not quite empty, all of them rifing from the Root, and none of them, fo far as I could obferve, coming forth from the Bofoms of others, as Dodonaus writes, and moft other Biotanifts who have followed him. But per¬ haps he meant another, and one different from our common (harp or Hand Bufh. They end in fharp Points, below which at the Diftance of about half a Foot, over or under, breaks forth a fpreading Tuft, which is red- difh, and contains Seeds in VefTels. This Species grows every where in Pa- ftures, and by the Highways in moift and wet Ground. 3. Juncus Levis, panicula fparfa, major. c-b. pin. 12. d^cater fmootf) tmtf) & fp^abing JEttfo Juncus panicula arundi- naesa. J. B. 2. $20. Juncus Uvis. Dod: Pempt. 605, Common foft This Btifh rifes above two Cubits high, with round upright Shafts, not in the leaft knotty, thicker than the Blade,' green, fmopth and fliining, with a more folid and thicker Pith than in the following Species (for which Reafon they are more fie to make Candles,) and ending in fharp Points. Nine Inches be¬ low the Point breaks forth a fpreading and broad Tuft, efpecially in watery Places, for otherwife it is fomewhae more compadfc. The Seed-veffels hang down from the fmall Foor-ftalks, being much fmaller and paler than in the following Ra/fc, tho* the Plant it felf be larger. It grows in or near Water. The Ufe of the Pith of this Plant is to make Rufh Candles. In Staffordfoire they make Ropes of the Bark. 4. Juncus laevis, panicula non fparfa. C.B. pin. 12. gmtootlj tuttlj a SCttfttljat HOCS not Juncus Matthioli . ]. B. 2. 520. Juncus Uvis, glomerato flore. Lob. Icon. 84* ItomH^ljeanen Kitty* This differs from the former in its chan¬ nelled Stalks, in its thinner and more fpungy Pith, for which Reafon it is upfit to make Rufh Candles of ; in its more contra&ed Tufr, and in its larger Seed-veflels that break out higher or nearer the Top ; and laft of all in its later Time of flowering. It grows frequently in Paftures and Woods in moift Places ; whereas the former grows only in Water, or by Water. 5. Juncus acumine reflexo, major. C- B. Pin . 12, SEfje greater Henning Muty* Jun¬ cus melancranis. Lugd. p8 s from the Joints, which would take Root in the Earth. This Species is to be found almoft every where in wet and marlhy Places. 12. Juncus foliis articulofis, fioribus um¬ bel) a‘is cum utrieu!is. tUlth |0tttC£t! XUatos, ttmkHaats tmdj Itttlie Gramen junceurnfolio articu'ato, cum utriculis . C. B. Prodr. 12. Juncus foliaceus t capful is triangulis, J. B. 2. 521. 13. Juncus foliis articulofis, fioribus um- bel'arim & paniculatim difpofitis. Mtlfi) lUttlj jmrtreti leatos, ana JrXolidcrs ranges tit ZdmMs auh JjCf.fte* 14. Juncus nemorofus, folio articulofo. Moon Mtifi;, hot ty a jmntcn 2ieaf. g n- men jnnccum , folio articulato, fylvaticum. C. B« Pin. 5. Gramen junceurn fylvaticum , Tabern. Icon. 223. Fiom a tranfverfe Root that lies and creeps on the Surface of the Earth, it fhoots down many Fibres, fotne thick, and others flender ; and pufhes up many Stalks a Cubit and a half high, that are folid, generally parted by three Joints, and begirt with fo many Leaves, which on the lower Part infold them like a Sheath, and after they part from them, ftrecch out the length of half a Foot, and are hollow within, and divided by many Joints. From the Stalk a little below the Top or Point breaks out a Tuft, which fpreads, and is compofed of many Crouds of Secd-vefEJs, when the Plant grows in wet and watery Places. Akbo’ this Plant is lar¬ ger than the Gramen junceurn capfulis trian- gulls minimum , and taller likewile, yet the Seed-vefTels are fmaller, and are not of fo duskifh a black Colour. It grows in watery Places, and often in marlhy Woods. 15. Juncus montanus, paluftris. paii.Hift. 3303. An, Oxyfchcenus five Juncus acutus Alpinus Cambrobritannicus, Park. m Ctoofe^Ccnn. * fhe Root confiftsof large reddifh Fibres The Leaves arc numerous, rot eredf but generally-ftrerched upon the Ground like a Star, and are fherr, hard, pointed, not ex- ad-ly round, but channelled on rbe upper Side ; for which Reafon it may perhaps be m ° r e properly reduced 10 the Genus of Graffis than to pufhes. Out of the Middle of the Leaves rifes a Stalk nine Inches or a Foot high, which is firm, full of Pith, ha¬ ving only one Leaf upon it near the Roor, otherwife naked, bearing a rufhy Tuft at Top, which is compofed of feveral Parts, The Flower is like that of the Gramen bir- futum exile , confiding of fix Leaves, with as many little fringed yellow Stamina in the Middle. To thefe fucceed pretty large roundilh Seed-veflels, which contain the Seed. It grows in great Plenty all over England, in fpungy and rotten Giound or mountain Marthes ; fo that it is not neceflary to mark the Places particularly. You may fee it near London , on Hampftcad- Heath. Parkinfon has a fmaller Sort of this, which he calls Oxyfchcenus five Juncus acutus mi¬ nor. 16. Juncus parvus, cum pericarpiis rotun¬ da. l£tifl>gi*afe Mil) rotma §>eea;aeflete, J* B. 2. 522. Gramen junceurn , foliis & fpica Junci. C. B. Pin* 5. Gramen junceurn tertium . Tabern. Icon. 224. This is the Gramen jun- ceum mariiimum majus. Park. This Plant rifes with rufhy Stems which are often a Palm and fometimes a Cubit high, and furnilhed with many graffy Leaves about the Bottom, which rife immediately from an oblique, rufiiy, fibrous Root ; whofe Top fpreads into an irregular Umbel like Drop- wort, and whole fingle, polilhed, round Heads bear Seed Ihut up in blackilh Bags, and at laft gape into three fmall Keels. It grows in wet and plafhy Meadows, not only near the Sea, tho’ it grows there moft plentifully, but alfo in fuch as are remote from the Sea. 17. Juncus anguftifolius, villofus, fioribus albis, panicuhris. igartOUvIealfD tyafcP I&ttfi), tottlj tdjue tuftea JFfoterg. Gra- men hirfuttimy anguftifoliumy minus , pani cults a!bis, C. B. Pin. 7. Gramen Lu^uU affine. L Kali. C V E D faf.fzj. Teleplnuin B i /?&■ j3 f- G and that are in like Manner hairy.: But the Stems are larger and a Cubit high. There is a manifeft Difference in the Flowers ; for thefe are white and chaffy, whereas in the other they do not end in Fefcues, but in Heads or fmall Flower*cups containing Seeds, which Flower-cups are blackilh ; whereas the Fefcues of this are whitifli. It has fome Hairs like Lunula, which alfo do eafily fail. , Mr. Ra> obferved this Plant on the Sides of the Mountain Saleva i and on the Hill called la Bafiie near Geneva . 18. ]uncus foliatus, minimus. J. B. 2. 523. %\t fmallcS leafp Kufh in Greek is called 2 %o 7 r©-, which fignifies a Rope or Cord, for 10 it was ufed in former Times ; and in Latin, Juncus a Jungendo^ for the fame Reafon ; becaufe Ruihes were ufed to tye or bind Things together, as they are in lome Places to this Day. There is little to be Laid of the Vertues of this Genus, we having fo many better Plants that do more effectually anfwer all the Pur- pofes to which this may be applied : How¬ ever, Diofccrides , Galen and Pliny affirm, That the Seed of foft Ruffies drunk in Wine and Water, cures the Lask or Flux of the Belly, and diminifhes the immoderate flowing of ihe Terms: That it provokes Urine, buc at the fame Time caufes a Head-ach, and procures Sleep; but it muft be given with Caution, left it occafion a dead Sleep. The Bottoms or tender Leaves, or that Part next ro the Root applied to the Biting of the Pbalangium or poifonous Spider, cures ir. The Root, fays Pliny, boiled in Water till two Thirds of the Liquor is confumed, is of good Ufe in the Cough. Lemery informs us, That it contains a good deal of Oil and little Salt ; and tells us. That the Seed of ftops Fluxes, and the Lofs of Blood or the immoderate Flow¬ ing of the Terms, and procures Sleep; which is what Galen , Diofccrides and Pliny had told us before. TABLE CXXIX. Fig. GENUS XIV. Kali, b:ub, ^pantlb dpiafs^ lactmtb a I;atrp ana bobmp Jleaf. Kali vermiculatum , fruticam, minori folio Hi¬ fpanicum. Barr. Icon. 8- Kali Foliis longioribus Sc anguftioribus, fubhirfutis. (HHafstno^t toitb longer, naiv cotoec anb fometnliat Jjairp Jleabes. 9. Kali The Compleat Herbal. 527 p. Kali orientale! fruticofum, fpinofum, Camphors folio. flDtfeiltal, (fett&i p^tCk^ Iv ©lafebjo#, tuid; a Sinking pine 2Uaf. 10. Kali orientale, fruticofum, flore max- imo, aibido. sDjtental, ftjub datisftojt, mid; a bcrp large ft!;ttt(I; jfloter. 11. Kali oriencale, fruticofum, foliis Sedi minor is, flore purpureo. £D;ittttai, ftjttb Clafsbrnt, mid; ^Leabes of fmalfer ^ouieleck, anb a purple JHomer. 12. Kali orientals, fruticofum, altiflimum, florum ftaminibus purpureis. KA)Z tailed: omental, ftnib (ESafetoo#, tmtlj jflolaers ijabing purple Stamina. 13. Kali orientale, fruticofum, lanugino- fum. D^ental, flfoub, bobntp 0’afsmo;t. 14. Kali orientale, fruticofum, Linariae folio. dDuenfial, fl;$ub (fiHafebwt, mntl; a SCcob^flar 2Uaf. 15. Kali orientale, fruticofum, flore mag- no, purpureo. Rental, 0};ub (Slafemnjt, mid; a large purple if loftier*- 16. Kali oriencale, fruticofum, floribus albis. tfDjiental, flftttb dPiattsojt, butt) ml;ite iTlomer^* 17. Kali orientale, fpinofum, fubhirfutum, cenuiflimo folio. anb fomebtfjat Ijairp, onental (Elaf^m'oje, mid; a berp tl;in 3Uaf. 18. Kali orientale, capillaceo folio, flore purpurafcente. £>nental d3M$&ojt, mid) a capillaceoug 2Leaf, anb a purplift Jflomer^ Kali is an Arabic £ Word, which is given to feveral Plants that differ in Genus : For the Kjili geniculatum differs in Genus from the Kjili femine cochleato. The Word it felf fignifies Salt, and was given to Glafswort, by Reafon of the great Quantity of Salt which it contains. Lemery tells us, That it is opening, and proper for the Srone and Gravel, and to re¬ move Obftru&ions, if taken in Deeo&ion. The Spaniards fow and cultivate Glafswort in order to make thereof Sode, which was formerly called in Latin , Alumsn catinum , and in French , Salicore or Salicote , or Alan catin. In order to prepare it, they cut the Herb when it is at its full Growth, and let it dry on the Ground ; then they burn and calcine it in grerc Holes made in the Earth on purpofe 3 and ftopt up in fu ch a Manner that there enters no more Air than is necef- fary to make the Fire burn. The Matter is not only reduced to Allies, but as there is a great Part of it that contains a good deal of Salt, and as ic is calcinated a long Time by a reverberating Fire, which comes from the kindled Plant ic felf, its Parts unite and cling fo faft to one another, that it becomes a Kind of a very hard Stone, which they are obliged to break with Hammers or other In- ftruments, in order to get it out of the Holes after it is cool.. This Matter is a Mixture’ of abundance of Salt and Earth ; of which they make Glafs and Soap : The Bleechers ■* and Scowrets alfo make ufe of it; and it enters as an Ingredient in Colours. The beft Sode is that which comes from Alicant : It ought to be chofen in fmsll, dry and founding Stones of a greyilh blue Colour, full of little Holes like a Partridge's Eye. We draw from Sode by Diflolution, Fil¬ tration and Evaporation, a fixed Salt, which they call Sal Alkali ; it is cauftick, and there are made of it Scones for cauterizing*. This Salt has much more Sharpnefs and Strength, than that which is drawn from the Plant reduced to Afhes in the ordinary Way l becanfe the ftrong and long Calcination which it has received, impregnates it with many more igneous Particles. This is Lemery's Account of it. Let us now hear what Pontet fays• Kelp or l\ali> fays he, is a grey Salt which we bring from Alicant and Cartagena in Spain , call into Loaves or Cakes of different Sizes. This Sale is made from a Plant that grows a- long the Sea-coaft, which the Botanifts call Kalh and we Saltwort, Soapwort , Glafsvoore^ . Kelp, Sea-thongs, Sea-xtnacJi and feveral other Names. This Plant bears a Stalk a Foot and a half high or thereabouts, furnifhed with fmall narrow Leaves. They fow this Herb, and when ic comes to a due Height, they cut and order it like Hay. When it is dried, the Spaniards make large Holes or Pits in the Ground, in the Nature of a Lime-Kiin ; after which they throw there¬ in a Bundle of the (aid dried Herb, to which they have put Fire ; and when they have call that in, they throw another Bundle upon ir, and when it is well lighted they fill ic foil of the dried Herb,, and alter they have filled it, they ftop.it up. and leave it altogether The CoMpUat Herbal. for fome Time, that it may-not only be the belter reduced ro Afhes, but likewife incor¬ porate and fie to form itfelf into a Stone or Cake, in which Form it is now brought to Marker. When they open the Pit they find the Heib burnt to a hard Stone which they obliged to break and raife up, juft as they do Scone out of the Quarry. They fell at Paris four Sorts of Pot-afhes$ the firft and moft valuable of which are thole of Alicant , which, when they are right, ought to be dry and clean, of a blueifh grey with¬ out and within, having little Holes like a Partridge s Eye, and when fpic upon and held To the Nofe, having no offenfive Smell. You muft take care that the Scones be not covered with a greenilh Cruft, or full of Pebbles ; for the firft will ftain and fpot your Linnen ; and the fecond, by encrealing the Weight, will enhance the Price, befides fpotting the Linnen, according to the Nature of the Stones within. Take heed alfo left the Bales be opened, and the Commodity which was good, exchanged for that which is naught. This is very much ufed by the Glafs-makers, to make the beft Glafs ; and the Soap-boilers likewife ufe it confiderably in the making of white and marbled Soap : But the greateft Part of that which comes from Spain is confumed in Paris and the neighbouring Villages, by the Scourers or Bleechers, who ufe it to bleech their Lin¬ nen* They make of this Salt, which the French call Soude , by the Afftftance of common .Wa¬ ter, a white Salt called Salt of Kali or Al- ka'i, which is as much as to fay Kjilt Salt, becaufe Al in Arabic^ fignifies Sale, and Kjili, IQtlt. Thus there are Salts of feveral Herbs railed Alkali Salts , as tl^ofe of Wcrmvoood y Centaury , and the like. There are fome who pretend That the true Alkali Salt is the Glafs- Salt, but they are miftaken, as (hall be fhewn afterwards. The fecond Sort is that of Cartagena , which only differs from that of Alicant in not being fo good, neither is it of the blue¬ ifh Caft, but more crufted, and the Bales much larger. The third Sort of Pot-afhes is that called Bourde , which is to be entirely rejected, as being fo bad that it is fit for nothing but to deceive thofe who buy it. i his is ufually moift, of a bkckifh green Colcurj; and very fetid. The fourth Sort is that of Cherbourg, which is made of an Herb that grows along the Sea-coafts of Normandy . This is likewife of very little Ufe, being extremely moift, of the fame Colour and Smell with the laft Sort, and full of little Stones. Thefe two laft Sorts are good for nothing but ro impofe upon the Buyers, and to cheat the poor Bleechers. Of Sandiver or Glafs-Salt, from the fame Author, The Glafs-Sale , which the Workmen call Sandiver , or the Sewn of the Glafs, is a fat Drofs that floats upon the Glafs Mettle when it is melted. This Froth comes from nothing but the Pot-afhes which they ufe in making their Glafs, for the Flints they make ufe of will afford no fuch Scum* Take fuch Sandiver as is in very large Pieces, white without and within, heavy, and the likeft Marble that may be ; and throw away fuch as is far, blackifh, and moift. Ic is very much ufed by thofe that make your white Earthen-ware, becaufe ic helps to vitrify the Sand. Ic is very ftrange that this fhould be of no Ufe to the Glafs- makers, and that the Earthen-ware-makers fhonld not be able to do without ir. It is to be had in all Places wherever Glafs is made, being a fort of fuperabundant Salt thrown forth from the Metal while melting in the Furnace, and feum’d off with a Ladle by the Workmen, as the Recrement cf their Materials. It is a very white Salr, inclining neareft ro a nitrous Tafte, and ea- fily diffolving in the Air or any moift Place ; for as Glafs is made of Sand and Pet afhes, the latter being put in to make the former melc into Metal, fo this Sandiver is the Re¬ dundance of that Salr, 'more than isneceflary to compofe the Subftance of the Glafs, which being in Fufion, fends up to the Top what¬ ever is more than requifite for that Purpofe . This muft be feum’d oft', or elfe ic will make the Glafs unfit for working, render it very brittle, and no ways pliable. The beft Meral will yield, in a Pot of two hundred Weight, near a quarter or half a Hundred of Sandiver . The weaker the Salt The Compleat Herbal. Salt or Afhcs sre^ the greater is the Quan¬ tity of Sandiver. They yield fome four or five Parts more than others do, for green Glades. When the Allies are bad, they are forced to fill the Pot four or five Times with more frefh Afhes, by Reafon of the Quantity of Sandiver that is in them, before the Pot will be filled with Meral. NVhilft any of it is in the Pot unfcum’d off, they dare not caft in any cold Water to hinder the boiling ; for if they fhould, the Furnace and the Pots would be blown up together. This Sandiver ferves to make Metals run ; and a little of it put into Antimony and Salt-petre, for making Crocus Metallorum, in¬ creases the Quantity of the Crocus, and it will thereby Separate the better from the Drofs. It is fold in France , and there ufed to pow¬ der their Meats, and alfo to eat inftead of common Salt. DifTolved in Water, and poured upon Garden Walks, it deftroys both Weeds and Vermin. The more nitrous and foflile Salts are, the more Undluofity they have, and run the more into Sandiver ; to which Nitre approaches both in Colour, Tafte and Fatnefs. It is faid wonderfully to dry and heal Scabs and Mange, the Part affedied being bathed in Water in which it has been dif- folved. Parkjnfon fays, That Sandiver works much the fame Effecft with the Afhes of Kjili or Pot-afhes ; and is ufed often, being pow¬ dered fine, either to be blown into Horfes Eyes, or being diffolved, to be fquirted into them by a Syringe, to rake away any Skin, Film, Cloud or Pearl growing on the Sight. It is alfo ufed to dry up running Sores and Scabs, Tetters, Ringworms and other fuchf Deformities of the Skin^ Having this Opportunity of mentioning Glafsj we hope the curious Reader will not be difpleafed to be detained a little longer, while we give him fome Account of the Gompofition of it, of the various Sorts of it, with the feveral Ways of colouring, ( 3 c* taken from Lemery , Pomet and feveral other Authors ; referring for further Satisfaction to Nereus de re Vitridria. Glafs, then, is a Compofition or Mixture of Afhes, or fome Alkalifate Salr, with Sand, Cryftal, Flints, Pebbles or other Stones, and 5 2 5 > melted together into one Subftance or Mafs> by the Force of Fire. The Firft Ingredient that enters into the Compofition of Glafs is the Pot-afhes already mentioned, made of the Herb Kjli, called by the French, Soude and Rcquettlc , and by the Italians, Polverina , Bari Ilia, 8 by which you may partly know the Stones that may or may not be tranfmuted into a vicrious Sub¬ ftance. The Third Place is yielded to thofe Stones that are white, but not tranfparent j of which Kind is Tarfo , which is a Sort of hard, white Y y y Majhle 53° 77; e Compleat Herbal. Marble found in Tufany, at Pifa , Seraye%a 9 Cararn, the Raver above and below Florence, and in many other Parts of the World : That is the belt which is without blackiui or yellowifh Veins in it like Ruft. The next is a Kind of Pebble, in Appear¬ ance like white Marble, fomewhat tranf- parenr, and hard as Flint, which being ftruck gives Fire, and does not turn ro Lime. This, when firft put into the Fire, becomes white, and iofes its Tran [patency, and af¬ terwards turns to Glafs. Where proper Stones cannot be got, Sand is ufed ; and, as fome think and affirm, was the fir ft Material made ufe of in making of Glafs : It muft be feall, white, and very clean, and well walked before it be ufed ; which is all the Preparation of it that is require. This is ufually met withal in the Mouths and Banks of Rivers, and in many Places up n the Sea-fhore, and fomcrimes upon Inland Sand-hills. White Cryftal Glafs requires a fine, clear, tranfparer.t Sand ; but green Glafies more coarie and brown. The laft Ingredient is Manganefe or Mag- nefit , lo called from its iikenefs in Weighr, Subiiance and Colour, to the Load-ftone, and is accounted one of the Kinds thereof, which is found in Germany, Ita'y, Pied¬ mont, &c. but of late Years in England, among the Lead Mines ; and wherever Miners find it, they certainly conclude that Lead Ore lies under it. The Potters con- fume great Quantities of it; this being the only Material wherewith they colour their IJiack, as they do Blue with gaffer : That is b'ft that has no glittering Sparkles in ir, and is of a blackifli Colour, but being pow¬ dered is of a dark leaden Colour. ’Tis a Stone very hard and ponderous ; and the deeper its Colour is, the deeper it colours the Metal in the Furnace, and is to be put into the Melting-pot together with the Fiitt. This is the moft univerfal Material that is ufed in making of Glafs, and is that alone which purges off' the greenifli, bloeilh Co¬ lour which is in all Glafs, and makes it not only clear and diaphanous, but alfo renders it dark, black, red or purple, according to the Proportion that is added. The Manga - nefe of Piedmont, and that of England , which are the teft of all others' make a very fair Murrey, and at laft leave the Glafs white, and take from it its Greennefs and Bluenefs: The Reafon of which Operation feems to be a Change in the Figure of the more minute Parts of the Metal; for the Fire making the Manganefe run, mixes it with the fmalleft Atoms of the Metal throughout, which by boiling, and various Agitations and Revo¬ lutions of them, form thofe Reflexions of Light which we call clear, white and tranf- parenr. As much Manganefe prepared muft be ufed in common white Glafs, as in that made of Flint or Cryftal. The Quantity of the Man¬ ganefe is uncertain, and is only known by Pradtice and long Experience, and therefore cannot be pofftively determined either by Weight or Meafure, but muft be wholly left to the Eye, Judgment and Experience of the Arrift. In putting of it in, you are to try whether it has enough of Manganefe or no : If it be greenifli give it more Man¬ ganefe , with Dilcrerion, and put it in by little and little ; for otherwife, inftead of a clear, white, diaphanous Colour, which, in juft Proportion, it always gives ; if too much be added, it will make a Murrey, Purple or Black, and take away the Splendor of the Metal, which otherwife would be dear and (hining : For it is the Property of Manganefe to take away the Foulnefs and Greafinefs which Cryftal has, and to make it refplen- dent, clear and white. A Fourth Ingredient has likewife been ad¬ ded, of late Years, to the Compofidon of Glafs, which is Salt of Tartar : If the Pro¬ portion of twelve Pounds of true Salt of Tar¬ tar be added to an Hundred Weight of Fritt, it makes ir, without any Comparifon, much fairer and more pliable to work than ordi¬ nary. This Salt of Tartar muft be very pure, and put in when the Fritt is made, and then mixed with the Glafs-ftone, T arfo y or Sand, together with the Polverina, [{oquette, or Pot-aflies lifted and made fine, whereof the Fritt is ro be made. Hitherto we have fpoke of the Materials ; but to defeend to the In- ftrumenrs, and Manner of working Glafs, would be befide the Scope and Defign of this Performance $ and therefore we fiiall proceed to fhew you how to turn your Ma¬ terials The Cowpleat Herbal. 1 5 t terials to Fritt, of which Glafs is made and falhioned. Fritt is nothing elfe but a Calcination of thofe Materials which compofe Glafs ; and tho* they may be melted and make Glafs without Calcination, yet this would jequire too much Time, ajad occafion much Labour; and therefore this Calcination was invented to calcine the Fritt in the Calcar ; which, when it is calcined, and the Proportion of the Materials adjufted to the Goodnefs of the Pot-alhes, it^ prefentJy melts in the Por, and purifies wonderfully. Fritt feems to be de¬ rived from frittare to fry ; fince indeed it is nothing elfe but Salt or Allies mixed with Sand or Stone, in fine Powder, and fo fryed or baked together. The Englifo call the whole Quantity baked at a Time in the Cal¬ car, a Batch. Then it runs into little Lumps like Fritters, called often in Italian , Fritells, or little Fritts. It is of three Sorts: Firft, green Glafs Fritt, made of common Allies without any Preparation of them, other than beating them to Powder, and a hard Sand fetch’d from Woohich in Kent. Secondly, ordinary white Fritt, made of Alhes of Polvertne or Barillia , without extrading the Salt from them, which makes common white Glafs. Thirdly, Cry- ftal Fritt, made with Polverine or Pot-alhes, and Sale of Tartar , with white cryftaliine Sand, Cryftal, Pebbles or Flint. The Ma¬ terials mull be finely powdered, wafhed, fearfed, and then incorporated well together, which put into the Calcar will exadly mix in the fmalleft Particles, and minuteft Atoms ; for otherwife the Salt and Sand will, in the melting Pot, eafiiy feparate one from another, which they are apt enough to do, were they not ftirred with the Rake. To make the Second Kind, or common white Sort of Fritr, for the white Glafs : Searfe the pure Pot-alhes, and what will not go through beat and fearfe again ; beat alfo fine and fearfe your Tarfi, Cryftal, Take of the Allies, &c. one Hundred Weight, of the Stone from eighty to ninety, pure white cryftaliine Sand, walhed and freed from all its Filth, fix Pounds ; mix all together, then put them into the Calcar or -calcining Furnace when it is hot ; at fit ft mix and fpread them well in the Calcar with a Rake, that they may be well calcined, and continue this till they begin to run into Lumps ; the Fritt will be perfectly wrought in five or fix Hours, being ftirred all the while, and a fufficient Fire continued : When you would fee whether it be enough or no, take a little of it our, and if it be white, yellowilh and light, it is enough. The calcining it more than five or fix Hours is not amifs ; for by how much more it is calcined, by io much the better it is, and the fooner it melts in the Pot : And by Handing a little longer in the Calcar, it lofes the Yellownefs and Foulnds, which it would communicate to the'Glafs, and becomes more pure and clear. It is here to be noted, That in Italy and other Places, when they take the Fritt out of the Calcar, they throw upon it a good Quantity of cold Water while it is hot, them fet it in a Cellar, from whence a Lye will drop, which may be (Lengthened with cal¬ cined Tartar, to be kept for Ufe, with which they now and then water the Frier, which being heap’d up together in a moiit Place for the Space of two or three Months or more, the Laid Fritt grows into a Mafs like a Stone, and muft be broken with Mat¬ tocks : This when it is put into the Pot foon melts, and makes a Glafs as white as Cry¬ ftal : For this Lye is thought to leave upon the Fritt its Salr, which produces this White- nefs and makes it eafier to melt and more Cryftaliine, as aforefaid. To make Cryftal Frier, commonly called Bollito : Take of the beft clear Pebbles, Cryftal, white Marble, larfo or Flint, ground fmall in a Mill and fearfed as fine as Flower, two hundred Pounds, of pure Salt of Polve - rine or Pot-alhes lifted alfo, one hundred and thirty Pounds ; put them into the Calcar when it is well heated, for Ihould the Calcar be cold the Fritt could never be made : At firft, for an Hour, make a temperate Fire, and continually mix the Fritt with the Rake, that fo it may be well incorporated and cal¬ cined, then increafe the Fire, always mixing the Fritt with the Rake, for it is a Thing of great Importance, which you mult continu¬ ally do for five Hours, continuing a lirong Fire : Then take the Fritt out of the Calcar, being perfected, and put it in a dry Place on a Floor, and cover it well wi;h a Cloth that no Filth or Dull may fall upon ic ; and this you muft take care of, if you would Y y y 2 have The Compleat Herbal. have good Cryftal. The Fritt thus made will be white as the pureft Snow. If the T ar/o be lean you may add to the Quantity ten Pound or more of the forefaid Sale ; but this is to be done after making Trial. You ought always to make Trial ot the firffc Fritt, by pu’tiog it into a Crucible and fetting it in the Furnace 5 if it grow dear fuddenly, you will k now whether it be well prepared or no: - , whether it be foft or hard, and whether any more fait is to be added to it or taken from it. This Cryftal Fritc muft be kept in a dry Place where no Moifture is; for by Moifture it will fuffer Damage, grow moiit, and run to Water, and the other Ingredient remain alone, which of it felt will never vi¬ trify. This is not to be watered as the for¬ mer, but may lie three or four Months ; af¬ ter which it will be much better to put into Pots, and fooner grows clear. Green Glafs Fritt, of which we have yet faid nothing, is a Compoficion made up of coarfer Materials, to wit, of common Allies, without any Preparation of them, or elfe of Gobbets ground to a fine Powder, and a hard Sand. This requires ten or twelve Hours baking, more or lefs, according to the Goodnefs and Sofunefs or Hardnefs of the Sand and Allies. When the Fritt is put into the melting Pots to be made into Glafs, in the fecond or working Furnace, whether it be green Glafs, white Glafs, ar Cryftal Fritt, it is to be melted, and to be kept fo long in Fufion till it is purified and refined, before it is wrought. It purifies it felf by fending up a Scumm to the Top, which is a fuper- abundant Salt caft forth by the Metal, and by the Workmen called Sandiver, and is to be taken off with the feumming Laddie as the Recrements of the Materials. This Sandiver damages the Metal, and makes the Glafs dim and cloudy, being always very foul, and therefore is to be continually feummed off and taken away, as long as any of it rifes. To reduce Glafs again into its firft Princi¬ ples ; take Glafs in Powder to what Quan¬ tity you pleafe, Pot-allies in an equal Quan¬ tity ; mix or melt them in a ftrong Fire, put this Subftance into warm Water; fo the Glafs will dilfolve, the Salt will melt and mix with the Water, and the Sand, &c, will fall to the .Bottom 3 by which it appears. That the Fu¬ fion of Glafs is not the Isft Fufion, or be¬ yond ReSutftion. Helmont fays, if you melt Glafs in fine Powder, with i good Store of Sandiver y and fet them in a moift Place, all the Gials will be foon refolved into Water, to which if you add as much Aqua regah's as is fufficient to faturate the S andiver , you fhall find the Sand to fettle prefently to the Bottom, in the fame Weight as when it was firft pur in. For the Salt in the Glafs is imbibed and taken up by the Sandiver , and Aqua regalis , and fo the component Parts are analyzed into their former Principles. As to the Manner of making Prince Ru¬ pert’s Glafs Drops : They are made of green Glafs well refined ; for otberwife they will not fucceed, but crack, and break prefently after they are dropped into Water. The fceft Way of making them, is to take up fome of the Metal out of the Pot, on the End of an Iron Rod, and immediately let it drop into cold Water, and lie there till it is cold. Where obferve, 1. If the Metal be too hot when it drops into the Water, the Drop will certainly froft and crackle all over, and fail in Pieces in the Water. 2. Every one of them that cracks not in the Water, but lies in it till it is quite cold, is fure to be good. 3. The moft expert At tills know not the juft Meafures of Heat required, and therefore cannot promife beforehand that the next (hall be good ; for many of them mifearry in the making, and oftentimes two, three or more prove bad for one that hits. 4. If one of them be taken out of the Wa¬ ter whilft it is red hot; the fmall Part of the Tail or Thread it hangs by, fo much of it as has been in the Water, will, upon breaking, fall into Duft, but not the Body of the Drop, tho’ its Cavities are full as large. 5. If one of them be cooled in the Air or on the Ground, hanging by the Thread, it becomes in all Refpetfts like other Glafs. 6 . The Outfide of the Giafs-Drops that are cooled in Water, is clofe and fmooth like other Glafs ; but within it is fpungy and full of Cavities or little Bubbles. 7. The Figure of it is round- ilh or oval at the Bottom, cot much unlike a Pear or Pearl, writhed from the Beginning of the Neck, as it grows fmaller, and ter¬ minating in a long Neck, for the moft part bended or crooked. 8- If a Glals-Drop be let fall into fealding Water, \\ will crack The Compleat Herbal. 533 and break In the Water, either before the red Heat is gone, or Toon after. 9. If it be taken out of the Water before it is cold, it will certainly break. 10. If they be dropt into Vinegar, or Spirit of Wine, or Water in which Nitre has been diifolved, or Sal ammoniack, , or Milk, they never mifs to froit, crack, and break to Pieces. 11. If dropt in Oil-Olive, they do not fo frequently mif- carry as in cold Water, nor have fo large Bubbles in them, but fome Part of the Neck and fmali Threads break like common Glafs: And if the Neck be broken near the Body, and the Body held faft in the Hand, it breaks not into fmali Parts, nor with fo fmart a Force and Noifeas thofe made in cold Water. 12. If you break off the Tip of the Thread or Neck of one of thofe made in Water, the whole will immediately fly into very minute Parts, which will eafily crumble into coari'e Dull. 13. A Blow with a fmali Hammer or other hard Inftrumenr, onlyjjpon the Body of one of thofe made in Water, will not break ir. 14. One of them broke in the Hand under Water, ftrikes the Hand more briskly and makes fmarter Noife than if broken in the open Air ; but faftned in a Ball of Cement half an Inch in Thicknefs, upon breaking of the Thread or Tip of it, it breaks the Ball in Pieces like a Granado. Laftly, Some of them being ground upon a Tile or Scone, break when the Bottom is a little flatted, and others not till half is rubbed or ground off. To prepare white Glafs, or Cryftal Glafs : Take Fritt of ordinary Pot-afhes to make a fair, white, common Glafs, but Fritt of the belt, whiteft and hardeft Pot-afhes, in great Lumps,makes the Glafs which is called Cryftal Glafs, not Cryftal it felf: You muft put as much A langanefe to one Sort as to another; put the white and Cryftal-like Glafs in Water, that you may have them clear in Perfe&ion : You may make them without this throwing into Water; but yet it is neceffary, if you would have them fairer than ordinary, and may be repeated if you would have them yec more refplendent; and then you may work them into what Veffel you pleafe. If you would have the Glafs yet whiter, cal¬ cine them, that they may purify well and have but few Blifters : And alfo add to a huncjred Pounds of Fritt twelve Pounds of pure Salt o {Tartar, which muff be put in when the Fritt is made, and fo mixed with Sand and Pot-afiies lifted, and then make Fritt of all this as before ; and fo will the Metal be fairer beyond Comparifon. Of Colouring Glafs. To calcine Copper or Brafs varioufly for various Colours : 1. This is done by Spamfh Ferretto, which is thin Copper Plates laid in Pieces upon Sulphur flratum fuper flratum t covered, luted and calcined for two Hours, then beaten fmali and fearfed. 2. It is pre¬ pared thus with Vicriol inftead of Sulphur, 3. You may make a Calcination of Brafs with Sulphur, thus : Take thin Plates in Bits, which lay upon Sulphur flratum fuper flratum , which calcine for 24 Hours, then powder and fearfe ir, and again reverberate it for twelve Days ; grind, fearfe and keep it for Ufe, to colour Glafs of a rranf- parent red, yellow, Chalcedony. 4. Cal¬ cine Brafs by it felf, by putting Bits of Brafs Plates into a Crucible, and luting on the Top, which makes Glafs of a Sky Colour and Sea-green. <. Calcine Scales of Brafs per fe , which, if well done, will be red. Scales of Brafs thrice calcined become of a Ruffet Colour, and will make a Sea-green, an Emerald, a Turchois, and a beautiful Sky Colour, with many more. To tinge Glafs of a Sea-green : Take Cryftal Fritt, put it in a Por, without any Manganefe to it ; for tho* this makes the Metal clear as to Cryftal, yet it gives a. Quality in the Glafs, which leaves the Co¬ lour black or very foul ; melt it and take off the Sandiver : Being well and perfectly clarified, take of this Cryftal twenty Pounds; Brafs of the firft, third, or fixth Preparation fix Ounces; gaffer prepared, one Ounce and half; mix tbefe two Powders well, and put to the faid Cryftal at three Times: At firft: it makes the Metal fwell very much, there¬ fore mix the Glafs with the long Squares; then let it fettle, that the Colour may be incorporated, for three Hours ; then mix a- gain, with the long Square, and take a Proof thereof.. Put in rather too little than too much of the Colour, for then it may be ea¬ fily heightened. At the End of 24 Hours,’ after it has had the due Colour, it may be wroughr. W rhe Ccmpleat Herbal. wrought, mixing it well from the Bottom of rhe Pot, that the Colour msy be equally mixed and fpread through all the Metal, and united with it, otherwife it fettles to the Bottom, and the Metal at Top becomes clear. At Moran they take half Cryftal Fritt, and half Pot-aft fritt, and proceed as be¬ fore ; whence arifes a fair Sea-green, but the former is fairer. For a Sky-colour or Sea-green : Take Fritt made of the beft Pot-aftes, which pu¬ rify from rhe Sandiver P and to twenty Pounds thereof add IFafs of the fourth Preparation fix Ounces ; and put it in at three Times, as aforefaid. At the End of two Hours re¬ mix the Metal and make a Proof; being well-coloured, leave it fo for 24 Hours ; lo will you have an excellent Sky-colour, va¬ ried with other Colours, then work it. Another Sea-green yet more excellent is thus made » Take Caput mortimm of VitrioJum Veneris r, made without Corroiivcs, expole it to the Air for lome Day s r and draw from i', without any Artifice, a pale green Co¬ lour, which being powder’d, to fix Ounces of it add of prepared gaffer an Ounce and half, of Cryftal purified as before twenty Pounds ; work as in the firft Green ; fo will you have the moft beautiful of the three. To make a golden yellow in Glafs, or a kind of Amber Colour : Take of Cryftal Fritts two Parts, of pure Pcr-afties Fritt one Parr, both made of Tarfo, which is much better than Sand ; but if of natural Cryftal it is ftiii better *, mix thofe well together, of which take twenty Pounds; of Tartar well fearced and beaten fine, Manganefe prepared, of each three Ounces : Mix thefe Powders well together firft, then with the Fritts put them in a Furnace, and let them ftar,d four Days on an ordinary Fire, becaufe they rife much. When the Metal is purified and well coloured, which is commonly at the End of four Days, it will be very beautiful, and is then to be wrought into Veflels, 0c. This Colour you may make deeper or lighter* by adding or diminifiling the Powders or Fritts. If you would have ir yet fairer and more beautiful, you muft takd^all Cryftal ."Fritt : Moreover, another Thing is to be obferved ; you muft put the Powder at fe¬ deral Times into the Fritt, not into the Me- u\ s for then it colours not. To make a Black-colour in Glafs : Take Pieces of broken Glafs of many Colours, grind them fmalL, and put to them Powder cf Z^ffer prepared two Parts, of Manganefe prepared one Part; this Glafs purified will be a moft admirable Black, Alining like Velvet, and will ferve for Tables, 0c. Another brighter Black : Take Fritts of Cryftal and Pot-aflies, of each two Pounds ; Calx of Lead and Tin ;wo Pounds ; mix all together, and put them in a Pot in a Furnace well heated ; and when the Metal is pure, add fix Ounces of Pow¬ der made of Steel, well calcined, Scales of Iron finely powder’d, of each equal Pans ; let them boil 12 Hours, now and then mix¬ ing the Metal, then work it. Another Black, yet brighter : Take of the beft Pot-afh Fritt twenty Pounds, of Manganefe prepared one Pound and a quarter, of Tartar finely pow¬ der’d fix Pounds ■, mix them and put them into the Furnace ltifurely ; let rhe Metal purify, which will be at the End of four Days, mix' it again well, then throw it into fair Water, and it will be a Black beyond any of the former. To make a fair Milk-white, called Lat - time : Take of Cryftal Fritt twenty Pounds, of calcined Lead and Tin three Pounds and a half, Manganefe prepared an Ounce ; mix them all together and put them in a heated Por, let them ftand 12 Hours that the Ma¬ terials may be melted, and at the End of v eight Hours you may work ir. It is a fair white ; and to make afPeach Colour of it add a fufficient Quantity of prepar’d Manganefe , and it will become of- a Peach Colour ; bur then you muft work it in time, otherwife it will fade again. To make a deep Red : Take of Cryftal Fritt twenty Pounds, of calcin’d Tin two Pounds, of broken Pieces of white Glafs one Pound ; mix thefe well together, put them in a Pot to run, and purify them ; being melted, add leifurely to them one Ounce of the following Mixture ^ Steel calcin’d and ground. Scales of Iron finely ground, of each a like Quantity ; mix them well toge¬ ther, and in about five Hours it will be per¬ fected : Too much of the Powder makes the Metal black and dark, whereas it ought to be tranfparenr. If it be top black cr deep, put in of the fourth Preparation of Brafs an Ounce, and mix them often, and in about •three The Coni pie at Herbal. three or four Repetitions it will become as red as Biood. Make feveral Trials, and when you find ir right and good, work it fpeedily, otherwife it will lofe its Colour and become black. You rnuft alfo leave the Mouth of the Pot open, elfe the Colour will be loft. Let it not (land above ten Hours in the Furnace, and fuffer it not to cool, if poftible. If you find the Colour fade, put in fome of the Steel and Iron Scale Powder aforefaid, and it will reftore it again. 3 Tis a nice Colour, and therefore to be wrought fpeedily- For a tranfparent Red in Glafs, like Blood: Take of common white Glafs twenty Pounds, Glafs of Lead twelve Pounds ; put them in¬ to a Pot glazed witji white Glafs $ when the* Glafs is boiled and refined, add. of Copper calcined to Rednels as much as you pleafe ; let them incorporate, mixing the Glafs well, then add fo much Tartar in Pow¬ der as may make the Glafs Blood-red : If* the Colour be too pale, add more of the calcined Copper and Tartar till the Colour is perfedh Another tranfparent Red : Dif- folve Gold in Aqua regis often, pouring the Water upon it five or fix times, then put this Powder of Gold in Earthen Pans to calcine in the Furnace till it becomes a red Powder,* which will be about ferry Days; add this Powder by little and little, in Tuifi- cient Quantities, to fine Cryftal Glafs which has often been caft into Water v and it will give the Red a tranfparent Ruby Colour. To make Glafs of Lead : Take of the heft red Lead what Quantity you pleafe, fuppofe fifteen Pounds ; or Cryftal Fri , or common white Fritt twelve Pounds; mix them as well as may be, and put them into a Crucible with a ftrong Bottom, which put into two other Crucibles of like Strength, within one ano¬ ther, and then put them in a Fire of Sup- prefiion : The Lead will pais through the firlt and fecond Crucible, and in the third you will find the Glafs. Or thus : Take of Minium fifteen Pounds> Salt of Pot-afhes eight Pounds, of Sand the fame Quantity $ mix and put them into Crucibles as before, for fear of breaking, and make a Fire of Supprdfion j .fo you wiil have very good Glafs of Lead. To work the Laid Glafs of Lead : Before you take it up on the hollow Iron Pipe lec it be a little railed in the Pot 5 535 then take it cut and let it cool 3 little, an^ fo work it on the clean Marble. Ac firft let the Marble be,well wetted with cold Water, otherwife the Glafs will fcale ir, and be it felf difcoloured, incorporating the Scales into ic felf 5 and wet ?he Marble continually whilft you work this Glafs, ocherwife it will lofe all its Fairnefs a'ud Beauty ; and do this as often as you cake the Metal out of the Por. This Kind of Glafs is fo tender and brittle, that if it be not cool’d a little in the Furnace before it is wrought into Drinking- Glafifes, Cups, and other Veffels, and taken a little at a time and held on the Pipe, and the Marble continually wetted, it will be impoffible to work ir. To make a gold Yellow in Glafs of Lead: Take Cryftal Frirr, calcin’d Lead, or Mini¬ um, of each fixreen Pounds ; mix and fearce them well, and add to them of Brafs thrice calcined fix Ounces, of Crocus Martis made with Vinegar forty eight Grains ; put them well mixed into the Furnace ; let them ftand twelve Hours, in which Time it wiil be clear, mix them and make a Proof : If it be greenifh, add a little more Crocus Martis till it becomes of a moft fair gold Colour. A tranfparent Red in Giafs is made thus .* Take impalpable Powder of the beft Man- ganefe, refined Nitre, of each equal Parts 5 calcine and reverberate them 24 Hours, then wafh away the Salt with fair warm Water, and dry the Powder, which will be of a red Colour : Add to it its equal Weight of Sal ammoniac grind them together on a Porphyry with Spirit of Vinegar, then fublime them in Sand for twelve Hours in a Retort with a large Body and a long Neck ; break the Glafs and take what is fublitned to the Neck and Body of the Reiorr, and mix ic with what remains at Bottom, adding as much frefii Sal ammoniack as is wanted in the Weight of the firft Sublimation : Grind as before on a Porphyry, with the Spirit of Vinegar, and fublime alfo in the fame Man¬ ner. Repeat this Work fo long, till the Manganefe remain all fufible at the Bo ( om. A moft excellent Blue to colour Glafs : Diffolve Copper in Aquafortis made with Ni¬ tre and Hungarian or fyrr.an Vitriol, which fharpens the Aqua fortis , and yields fome Particles of Copper to it 5 then precipitate ic with Spelter cr and this hss fometimes been The Connie at Herbal. then done with the Refiners double Water impregnated with Copper : By this Means you (hall have a moft incomparable Blue for colouring of Glafs. There is almoft an in¬ finite Variety of Ways to colour Glafs, a- mong which f thought thefe few might not be unacceptable, to give the Curious a little Infight into this Art, which has of late Years received fach vaft Improvement. I muft here humbly ask Pardon of the Reader for having carried him fo far out of his Road, by a DigrelTion which he may think not fo natural and proper : Bin as I was led naturally into rt, and as the Subject of it is very curious and but little known, I may hope to be the more eafily forgiven ; efpe- cially fince this noble Arc has received luch Improvements, and is become fo confidersble a Manufacture here in England . They that would fee it in its Perfection, may fatisfie themfelves at the Work*houfe of that excel¬ lent Arrift Mr. Gumly, and at his long Room over the New-Exchange, where they will fee the fined Collection of Looking-glafles, Scon¬ ces, &c. in the World. TABLE CXXIX. Fig. 2. GENUS. XV. Teiephium, £>?pilte, or UtilC* ions. /"\Kptne is a Plant with a Rofe*Flower A, confiding of many Leaves B, placed or¬ bicularly : Out of whofe many-leav’d Flow¬ er-cup C, rifes the Poinral D, which after¬ wards turns to a three-corner’d Fruit H, con¬ fiding of one Cbcd F, and full of Seeds G, which are commonly roundilh H. To thefe Marks mud be added, Thar the Leaves are .alternately placed on the Stalk. The Species of £D^ptUC are, I. Teiephium Diofcoridis. Imper. 665. SDtOfCOJlSCS’S £Djptnr. Teiephium legiti- mum Imperati vii. Cluf. Hid. Ixvii. Teie¬ phium repens folio non deciduo . C. B. Pin. 287. ^ The Root is about the Thicknefs of one’s Finger, and a Palm and a half long, ligneous, furnifhed with few but drong Fibres, of a Box Colour without, white within, lively, and fpreading fix, eight, or more Branches upon the Ground, that are a Palm or a Span long, round and (lender ; on which are fee many Leaves placed alternately on both Sides, and having no remarkable Tade, re- femhiing thofe of Marjoram, fmootb, and of a yellowifli green, with one Nerve running along lengthwife: Buc the firft Leaves, and which are next to the GrouncJ, differ very much from thofe that grow on the Branches, as being longifii. The Flowers are very thick on the Tops of the Branches, and are bend¬ ing like the Flowers of Scorpioides, confid¬ ing of white Leaves, with yellow Chives, five of them being greenifh on the Outfide. To thefe fucceed dark three-corner’d Heads full of fmail, black, -bitter Seed, equal in Size to Poppy Seed, having a Cavity lmpref- fed on one Side, and the other gibbous. 2. Teiephium Americanum, Portulacx fo¬ lio. American; £D?pine, tateft a purflane Ilfaff Chamxciftus Americana , Portulacce fo- iio, fore alho • Par. Bat. Portulaca Americana , feu Corajfavica, latifolia , ereHa. floribus albis. Prodr. Par. Bar. It rifes a Cubit high, with an uneven Stalk, which is round, fmooth and full of Juice, and thick-fet with diforderly Branches, which are cloathed with thickifh Leaves, which di¬ late themfelves from a narrow Bottom to a broad blunt End, very muchVefembling thofe of garden Purjlane , but larger and full of infipid watery Juice. The Tops of the Stalk . and Branches are divided into little three- corner’d and as it Were winged Branches, that are a Digit and a half long, and they again into other fhorter ones, which are ge¬ nerally void of Leaves, and are crowned as it were in a fpiked Series with white five-leav’d Flowers, that reft in a bivalved, herby and fleeting Cup. To thefe fucceed roundifh Seed-veflels bigger than Peas, which when ripe fplit into two, but generally three-keefd thin Leaves, a*d (lied fmail blackifli Seeds. The Root feen/ct to be fibrous, white and annual. It grew from Seed brought from the Ifland of Santa Cru$ ; and the Natives eat the Leaves of this Plant as we eat Purjlane . 3. Teiephium maritimum, Sedi folio, flore rubello. ^artttme gDiptttt, tottlj a green Leaf, ana a reu jTo&er* cijius humilit The Co/npleat Herbal. 537 bumilis ai^oides, mmtimus , Africanus , {lore rubeOo. H. L. Bar. It ftands upon a fmall whitifh red Root: The Stalk is of the fame Colour, nine Inches high, and round, fometimes fplit in two, and fometimes in four : The Leaves are taper and fmooth, refembling the fmall, yellow, (harp-leav’d Sengreen , but thicker and four times longer. Among thefe ftands up a fmall, flender, naked,reddifh Foot-ftalk which is half a Palm long, parted at Top into feveral very fmall Branches^ which fuftaina fmall, reddifh, fleeting, five-leavM Flower, which opens to the Meridian Sun, but fhuts when it declines, or withers quite, leaving a round three-coV- ner’d Seed-veftel, that fplits into three keeled Leaves, and ftieds fmall, flat, black Seeds. It is to be met with frequently on the Sea- Ihore at the Caps of Good hope , among the Species of the Ficus ai^oides , and confequendy requires the fame Culture. It loves a fandy dry Soil, and cannot well bear the Injuries of the Weather. It fprings up from Seed no lefs than from Slips cut off and thruft into the Earth, and continues green all the Year: The Tafte is watery, and the Smell none. 4. Telephium maritimum, Sedi folio, flore albo. ®adttme tuttl) a green lieaf, ano a tuljtte iflotoer. aflus humility ai^oideSy Africanus , glauco folio , flore albo . Par. Bar. This Plant is Laid to have received its Name from Telephus King of MypUy who by it was cured of the defperate Wounds which be received from Achilles . It is but little ufed by modern Phyficians, unlefs, that it is fometimes boiled in Deco&i- ons for the Stone in the Kidneys. Mr. Lemery fays, That it contains abun¬ dance of Phlegm and Oil, and but little Salr. k is, fays the fame Author, cleanfing, cool¬ ing, vulnerary, confolidating, and refolving. TABLE CXXIX. Fig. $. GENUS XVI, Helianthemum, Otaatf CtlfUSJj or ©mall Sutt’jrlofiom. G-j?aH is a Plant with a ^ Kofe-Flower A, confiding of many Leaves B, placed orbicularly : Out of whofe many- leav’d Flower-cup C, rifes the Pointal D, which afterwards turns to a globular Fruit E, which gapes in three Parts F, and is full of ' Seeds G, which are generally rcundifh PI, and fixed to fmall Capillaments as to a Pla¬ centa* The Species of Smtall are, 1. Hdianthemum vulgare, flore luteo. 5F- B. 2.15. Common Entail ^ttn;j?Ioter, iottl) a Fcllotn JFiOtUer. Chamaciflus vul¬ garis, flore luteo . C. B. Pin. 465. Flos Solis . Dod. Pempr. 193. From a white ligneous Root fpring up fe¬ veral flender, round, hairy Stalks, fpreading upon the Ground, cloathed with oblong nar¬ row Leaves, placed oppofite to one another in Couples, refting upon fhort Foot-ftalks, green above and hoary underneath, with blunt Points. On the Top ftand yellow five-leav’d Flowers ranged as it were in long Spikes one above another, and hanging at Foot-ftalks half an Inch long, with many yellow Chives within, and refting in a three- leav'd Flower-cup which is ftriped with white Lines. To the Flower fucceeds a three-cor- ner’d large Seed-veflel, which contains feveral three-corner’d reddifh Seeds. At the Foot- ftalk of each Flower is fet a long narrow Leaf. When the Flower falls off, the Seeds bend downwards. It flowers in June. It abounds in dry, efpecially chalky Mountains. 2. Helianthemum vulgare, flore dilutiore. Common &maH ^un^iFIotuer, toitlj a fainter iFlotuer* 3. Helianthemum vulgare, flore albo? Common Entail Smn^jHotoer, irntf) a toljtte jflolner. Chamaciftus vulgaris, flore albo . Hort. Edinb. Z z 2 4. Hel> The Cotnpleat Herbal. 4. Helianthemum foliis majoribus, flore aibo. b. 2. 16. 0 :eatetvloab’ti Small Stm-jPlolm, ta|£i) a bljite plotter. cba - rncccijius vulgaris, flore a!bo , majore. C. B. Bin. 466, Helianthemum albis floribm. Lob. This differs not from the firft in any thing unlefs in the Bignefs and white Colour of the Flower ; and is very rare to be me; with. 5. Helianthemum album, Germanicum. T abern. Icon. 1062. MUjttC (fectman ^tttaU San^lotm. 6. Helianthemum flore albo, folio angufto, hirfuro. B. 2. 17. OTIjUOdlOltfOr’tJ Entail Smt^JHctuer, tint!) a narrow Ijakv 3 leaL Chamxciftus foliis Thy mi ir.canis. C. B« Pin* 466. Cl amteciflus tertius . Cluf. Hilt. 74. This Plant has feveral fmall hoary Stalks, which are divided intoother bending Branch¬ es. The Leaves are like thofe of the harder Thyme , and are fmall, fhort, hairy, alh-co- loured, growing in Fours, and fometimes more from the lame Joint. The Flower and the Seed-veffels gape into three Keels, with hairy Covers, as in common Small Sun-Flow^ er. The Root is thickifh, warped, ligneous, divided into feveral Parts, and has many Heads. Perhaps, fays J Bauhinus , Lobel confounds this with the Helianthemum tenuifolium gla- Irum V for the Plants are like one another ; but appear to be different to fuch as obferve them carefully. Mr. flay obferved this Plant about Mont¬ pelier , and found that the undermoft Leaves on the Sts Ik were very fmall, alrnoft fuch as thofe of Camphorata Monfpelienfts , but the upper Leaves were very different, being green, and like the Leaves of Helianthemum tenuifolium glabrum, flore luteo , from which he judges, that Lobel did not without Reafon confound thefe Plants : But he afterwards obferved about Marfeiles , a Species of Cha rncecifluSj all whofe Leaves were very ftnall, like thofe of Camphorata , fmooth, and many growing together ; and alfo another Species, with a Thyme Leaf, but longer, but did not fee its-Flower or Seed-vcffTel. 7. Helianthemum faxatile, foliis 8c cau- litus incanis, oblongis, floribus albis, App n- nini mentis. Mtnt. Fug. Tab. 8- LtOCfc Small Stm^iflotner of the #ppemtf fcrtd) bcarp oblong lUattlg ana ftaaltt#* an& W&tte 8. Helianthemum Serpilli folio, flore tna- jore, aureo, odoraro. Small Stttl^JFlotoer tottfj a ^otljer of 2 Cimme 3 Uaf, ana a large, golaen, ftoeetTmellmg* jKotaer. Chamceciflus Serpilli folio nigricante & hirfuto, fl^re aureo, odorato. J. B. 2. 17. Chamceciftus repens , Serpilli folio , lu'ea. C. B. Pin. 466. Chamjeciftus fecundus . Cluf. Hift. 73. This Species produces many fmall Branches from the fame Root, which are flender, ob- long, fpreading upon the Surface of the Ground, and reddifli • on which are ftretched fmall Leaves in a certain Order and double Series, alrnoft like Mother of Thyme , blackifh, hairy and thick, but longer and whiter under the Rife of the Flowers on the young Bran¬ ches. The Flowers groyv in Threes or Fours on the Ends of thefe fame young Branches, refting upon oblong and hairy Foot-ftalks,* equal in Size to the Flowers of common Small Sun Flower, but are of a perfeft golden Colour, and fweet fmelled. Ciufius , who is the Author of this Defcription, could not obferve the Seed. * The Root is divided into many Parts, and capillated with Fibres that fpread far and wide. Ciufius never found this Plant any where but on the Tops of the Auftrian and Stirian- Mountains, and that only once in flower in the Month of Auguft. Being tranfplanted to Gardens it flower’d in May ; but the Flowers with their Foot-flaiks being too fleeting, af¬ forded no Opportunity of observing the Seed.^ 9. Helianthemum Serpdli folio, flore mi- nore, aureo, odorato. Small StUteJrlOllte er, ttudj a Sorter of 2 E!)rme 3 leaf, ana a (mailer, gtlaen, ftneet fmelltrg er. Ciflus Hclianthemos , flore parvo y luteo. J. B. 2. 17. TC. Helianthemum anguftifolium, Iuteum. rarrotMealfa, Small Sun* .flotoer. Chamceciftus anguftifolia. C.B. Pin. 466. Chamceciftus anguftifolius , flore luteo Clufu. }. B. 2. 17. Chamceciftus fexta. Cluf. HilL 75. This Plant has Branches nine Inches long, 1 and better, that fpread upon the Ground, with many oblong narrow Leaves fet on them, which are ranged in no certain and regular Order, but are generally placed con- fufedly, different from the Arrangement of the Leaves in all Kinds of the Ciftus, of a The Compleat Herbal. 53 9 fort of a gummy Tafte at firft, and after¬ wards bitterifh. The Extremities of the Branches are poffeffed by two or three Flow¬ ers of a yellow Colour, with their Stamina in the Middle : to which fuccecd three-cor- ner’d Heads, which are pretty big, and con¬ tain pretty big and uneven Seed. The Root is ligneous, hard and lively, covered with a black Bark, and fpread into feveral Sprays. This is a rare Plant ; and Clufius never found but a few Plants of this Sort flowering in the Month of June , and quickly bearing ripe Seed 5 only on the Hill which overlooks the Baths of Baden four Miles from Vienna in Auftria , and in the City of Hamburg two Miles from Po/'on in Hungary. 11. Helianthemum foliis Myrti minoris, fub- tus incanis. g>mall &un^ jFctoer tmtl) fmall £$p#le ileatos tljat are Ijoarp unmerneatij* Chamjecifius foliis Myrti minority incanis. C. B. Pin. 4 66. Chametciftus foliis Myrti Tarentince , canis vel cinereis. J. B. 2. l8« Chantceeijius tertia . CJuf. Hift. 74* This Species has Branches nine Inches long, fpreading upon the Ground, which are cloathed with Leaves growing in Couples always placed oppofite to one another, equal to or narrower than the Leaves of Myrtus Tarentina , covered on the upper Side with a certain afh-coloured Down, but altogether hoary underneath, and endowed with an aftringent and fomewhat bitter Tafte. Then it puts forth little Foot'ftalks two or three Inches long, on which ftand five or fix Flow¬ ers in Shape almoft like the Chamacifius Ser- pillifolius , of a yellow ^Colour. To thefe fucceed frnall three-corner’d Hetyls, full of fmall, uneven, reddifh Seed. The Root is ligneous, hard and lively. In this the Branches that fuftain the Flowers are commonly dried and broken, as foon as the Seed is ripe and drops. It grows in very great Abundance on all tbofe Mountains, which run in a continued Range, from Calenberg that lies on the Da¬ nube, to the Auftrian Mountains. It flowers in May , and the Seed is ripe in June. It is found likewife on the Hill of Capouladon not far from Montpelier. 12. Helianthemum tenuifolium, glabrum, ere&um, luceo fiore. J. B. 2 . 18 . l&malD leatfu, fmootl), ttptfgfyt ssmall tuifl; a fdlolu ^lo&ctr* C/W.*- ciftus Erica: folio , luteut , elatior. C. B. Pin. 4 66 . From a thick ligneous Root that is covered with a blackifh Bark, rife feveral ligneous Branches nine Inches long, fometimes up¬ right and fometimes fpread upon the Ground, furnifned with very fmall and narrow Leaves, as in the Coris Monfpeffulana , or the Erica arborefeens , which are greenifn and reddifh, fmooth, and not oppofite to one another as in the common Kind, but (Retching along the Branches alternately and fingle. It feems to be more branched than the Helianthemum Thymifolium." The Flowers are much fmaller than in the common Sort, are of a golden Colour, and quickly decay : To which fuc¬ ceed lafge fhining Seed-vefTels, which, when the Seed is ripe, open into three three-cor- ner’d Leaves fhaped like Saucers ; and thefe Seed-vefTels are infolded in three Coats. The Seed is copious, rufty, and three-corner’d. It grows at the Bottom of Jura , and on the rocky Hills about Montpelier and Geneva .in great plenty. It is of two Sorts, the taller and the lower. Thefe, fays Magna! , not only differ in Bignefs, but a!fo in the Man¬ ner of keeping their Seed ; for as foon as the Seed-vefTel of the upright one opens, the Seed immediately drops, as happens ro others; but in the lower, tho* the Seed-veffel open, and hang with its Mouth down, yet the, Seed remains, as if it ftuck to the Seed-vef- fel. 13. Helianthemum tenuifolium, glabrum, luteo fiore, per humum fparfum. J. B. 2. 18. ©ntalLIcab D, fmootlj &nutH ec 9 fpj*a&tng upon tl;e 0?cunO, ftttl; a ^OllOlD jHotDCt. Charmed ft Hi Ericce folio lu- teus , humilior. C B. Pin. 466. Ciflus kumilis , anguftifolius , Coris Monfpelienfis foliis . Selago Monfpclienfiuniy Ciflus quint us Ajjatii Eri¬ ca Chryfanthemcs minima 5 noftra. Lob. Obf. 552 - 14. Helianthemum Afpinum, folio Pilo- fella? minoris Fucbfii. J. B. 2. 18. tain Small tmtlj a ‘frnall ^cufe^car lleaf. This is a fhrubby Herb, that has oblong Leaves, like the fmaller M:ufe-ear of 'Fuchfius , more whirifli on the under Side, and on ;he upper Side green and hairy, but not fo much fo as underneath. The Flower is vellow gs in common Small Sun-Flower. Z z z 2 TJw cj^o The Compleat Herbal. The Plant gathered by Mr. I{ay on 'Mount 20. Helianthemum frutefcens, folio Ma- S 4 !eva near Geneva , thruft up Stalks above jorana? incano. &l)tttb §>maU a Palm high, which were fmall, round, fC, tmtlj a lj0ai*P &$arfo:am lUaf. Ciftus hoary, and not branched, begirt with Leaves bumilis frima. Cluf. Hift. 151. growing in Couples over againft one another 21. Helianthemum Halimi folio breviore, at long Diftances, bearing on their Tops four obtufo. ^ Entail loter bmb a or five Flowers mounting the Stalks fingly, blunt & 0 a^^Bttl*flan 0 5 lfaf» Ciftus folio hanging at fmall Foot-ftalks, fmall, and of a Halimi prim*. Cluf. Hift. 71. Ciftus fcemina % yellow Colour. The lower Leaves were al- Portulaca marina folio latiore, obtufo . C. B. moft an Inch long or lefs, oblong, ending in Pin. 465. Ciftus folio Halimi i flore luteo . a Point, alh-coloured, and almoft white : J. B. 2. 5. Thofe that doathed the Stalks were fhorter, It puts forth {lender and pretty (hrubby and, for their Size, broader. D. Ja. Newton Branches, a Cubit high or better : On which found this Plant in the mountainous Parts of are fet Leaves like thofe of SeaPurftane , but the North of England . all over hairy as the Halimus , but with a It grows in great plenty at the Bottom of blunter Point, of a fomewhat acid and aftrin- Saleva near Geneva: gent Tafte. On the Tops of the Branches 15. Helianthemum folio Thymi incano. are many Flowers of a yellow Colour, like 7 * B, 2. 19. iDtttal! tDUlj a thofe of common Small Sun-Flower, contain- IjOarp SCijptttC ifaL Chamaciftus tenuifo • ing their Fibres in the Middle. To thefe iius , Narbofmenfis. H. R. Par. fucceed longilh and triangular Heads, con- 16. Helianthemum Thymi folio glabro. taining fmall reddifh Seed, &mnll§)ttn^ifl0lrcc lUtd) aflttOOtijSClBJnte- 22. Helianthemum folio Halimi latiore, jlUaf. ciftus folio Thymi. C. B. Pin. 465. mucronato. Entail tOttlj a Cluf. Hift. 72. Ciftus folio Thymi Clufii , cum bjoatf, pOttttCS 5 Uaf. Ciftus maculis in flore. J. B. 2. 6. foemina , Portulaca marina folio anguftiore , This Plant grows only a Foot high, with mucronata. C. B. Pin. 465. Ciftus folio Halimi fmall ligneous Branches, which are notwith- Jongiore , incano . J. B. 2. 5. Ciftus folio Hali - Banding pretty brittle and blackifh, flar, and mi fecunda . Gluf. Hilt. 71. bedewed with a certain clammy Moifture. This Species is taller than the former, The Leaves are much fmaller than thofe of with firm and hoary Branches as the former, the Ciftus foliis ftorifmwini, and not much It likewife has Leaves of Sea-Pur/lane. but different from Thyme Leaves. Clufius had not fomewhat longer, narrower, more pointed an Opportunity to obferve the Flowers, but with a raifed Back, but all over hoary and he observed that the Heads came forth as it dry, and of a fomewhat acid and aftringent were Umbel fafhion on oblong Branches, and Tafte. Clufius faw neither the Flower nor were fmall, open above, empty at that Time, Seed of this Species. and dry with their Branches. Both grow commonly in Portugal , in a Th s Species grows in the outmoft Part of Tandy Soil that is within the Reach of the Sea 1 Jlndalufta , which looks to New Caftile. Gufts, among the Heath not far from Lisbon j 17. Helianthemum, five Ciftus humilis, not being feen any where elfe by Clufius . folio Sampfuchi, capitulis valde hirfutis. f-.B, 23. Helianthemum Ledi folio. Entail 2.20, &mnll satuvjflotocr, 03 lob) Ctftttg, ^im^jrlotec tmtjfj a Eemtm !Uaf. ciftus isitl) a ^atttcfc 3 lcaf, anb beep Ijatcp Ledi folio. C. B. Pin. 465. Ciftus annuus folio 38 eaUS». ~ Ledi . Lob. Icon. ii& 18. Helianthemum ad Nummulariam ac- This Species riles higher with greater cedens. J, B . 2. 20. Entail js$UU^ 3 ?lob)£t Stems, but not lefs hairy than thofe of the rrfcmbUug ^ennpbJOJt, Ckamaciftns Num- following ; having two or three Leaves fee mularius. H. R. Par. at the feveral Joints, longer and narrower jp. Helianthemum foliis Polii montani. than that juft mentioned, and fmaller point- gwall <n*jflObOet b)ttl) ^olep^ntottn^ ed, fomewhat rough, and of a deeper green fain 3 UatJC 0 * Ciftus HelimUmos , folio Po - Colour. The Flowers fade as quickly, and Hi montani* J. B. 2 . jp. " ' grow f w gi e towards the Tops, with the Leaves The Couple at Herbal . 541 leaves as large as the following, and of a fair pale yellow Colour ; with Heads and Seed fucceeding in like manner, and alfo periling yearly : Yec Mr. Parkjnfon fays. That it has fometimes endured the Winter in his Garden, when it had not flowered with him in the Summer before. Magnol fays, He has often gathered it in a Place called la Garrigue du TarraU, and about Saleneuft in the unlaboured grafly Fields beyond the Bridge. ^ 24. Helianthemtim Salicis folio, ©tttail tmtfj a Mtlioto Leaf. ciftus folio Salicis. C. B. Pin. 465. Ciftus annuus primus Clufio , folio rotundiore. [. B. 2. 13. Ciftus annuus, folio Salicis. Lob. Icon. 118. When this Plant is cultivated in Gardens, it rifes fometimes a Cubit high and better, with fometimes one, fometimes more, five and even fix Stalks, the Middle talieft, buc all of them hairy and round, from one and the fame ligneous and black Root. The Leaves are let in Couples at the joints, like thofe of Marjoram but longer, eipecially a- bout the Middle of the Stalk ; for the lower ones are rounder, and the upper ones nar¬ rower and hairy. At the Sides of each Joint, at each Leaf, are fee two fmall Leaves. Ac the Tops of the Branches are ftt two, three, or four pale or whitilh Flowers, every one at its own Joint, ftanding on a fhorc hairy Foot-flalk, with one long, and two fmall Leaves fet at its Rife. To the Flowers fuc- ceed three-corner*d, fhort and big $eed-vef- fe!s, almoft equal to thofe of Cicers, which, when ripe, gape as it were into three broad, barky, reddifh Saucers, and are begirt with three fmall hairy Leaves which have Ribs. Within is a thin fliining Membrane, to which adhere many Seeds not fo red, fmalier than Foppy Seed, uneven, and ripe in Augufl. Clufius obferved this Plant growing on the Borders of the Vineyards about Salamanca , and in the Kingdom of Granada. The Peopie of C aft He call it T urmena, i. e. Tuberaria, becaule perhaps the Tubera or Spanifh Trubbc.'y or under-ground' Mu/hr ernes grow in the fame Place with ir. 25. Helianthemum Lavandulae folio. initial! & nxrjrimcc uritfj a Latienm* Leaf. Ciftus folio jpiccc, C. B* Pin. 465. Ciftus folio La - vanduLe Cftifto , forte idem cum Helianthemo reSlo . J. B. 2. «)• Ciftus folio Lavandula?* Cluf. Hift. 72. It commonly rifes a Cubit high, and has a great many fliort Branches ; on which are fet thick narrow hoary Leaves, very like Lavender Leaves, and of an aftringent Tafte. The Flowers are fmall and white, and non much urlike thofe of Ciftus Halimi folio . Clufius did not obferve the Seed. It is fo very like Lavender , that, except¬ ing the Tafie and Smell, it might be taker* for it when it flowers. Clufius found it no where but in the King¬ dom of Valentia , in dry aud rocky Places, four Miles from the City of Valentia, in the Beginning of April. 26. Helianrhemum folio maculofo. Col. Part. 2.77. ^.in^irlotoc tottlj a ffatnen OJ fpottcfc Leaf. Ciftus flore pallid punicctnte macula inftgnito. C. B. Pin. 46*5. Ciftus annuus fecundus Giufir, flore pallidc, ma- cu'a punicante inftgnito. ]. B. 2. 13. It purs forth Leaves lying upon the Ground, 7 parted by three Nerves and oblong, after the manner of fmalier Centaury , but (harper* Myconus fays, they are like Plantain Leaves, but fmalier, creeping on the Ground and hairy ; but Pona fays, they are like Olive Leaves. Columna obferved but one Stalk, but Myconus paints two, a Foot high, ten¬ der, upright, and not very much branched, fquare, hairy and greenifh. The Leaves are placed alternately in Couples at the Joints, and are fmall and hairy. On the Top, on long Foot-ftalks, ftand feveral five-leav’d yel¬ low Flowers, each leaf being marked with a fcarlet Spoc of a black red Colour, nodding or bending before they blow, ^nd when they have Fruit, and eredfc when they gape, having a thick Pointal in the Middle, furrounded by many Stamina . Very tender and three- corner’d Heads contain fmall aCh-coIoured Seed. The Leaves, which are of a faint green Colour together with the Branches, are coyered with a certain fat and clammy Moifture, in the Heat of Summer. Mr. \ay found this Plant at the Bot¬ tom . of Mount Vefuvius, with a Flow¬ er not fpotted ; of which Sort Colum - na like wife obferved many in the fame Place, growing together with the fpotted one?. Mycsn us tj^2 The CoMpleat Herbal. 'Myconus Tent u from Spain, where he round, hoary Leaves like Maftick Leaves} fays it grows every where in Meadows and but a little fmaller, with a railed Back, ftand-' in fat and earthy Places. It is nourifted by ing upon Foot-ftaiks oppofite to one another,’ a Angle, ligneous, fmail and fomewhat fibrous as in the other Kinds of Ciftus , and having Ivoo~. Aftringency, with a certain Acidity and Magnol takes the Tuberaria major & minor Sahilhnefs. The Flowers are numerous and ’Mycoiii to be the fame Species, rhat differs in white on the Tops of the Branches, having a Size only according to the Nature of a black purple Spot (taming the Middle of the inoifler or drier Soil 5 and fays thar both grow Leaves, while che Middle or Center of the in great plenty in che Grove of Gramont ; Flower is pofTeffed by yellow Hairs and Sta • and rhat he found it growing in many Places min a. Then follow the Heads, which are with very narrow Leaves, very much re- three-cornefd and fmail like thofe of Flax, in lembling the narrow-leav’d Species of Ciftus, which is contained fmail Seed like that of y. B. Mr. Bay is entirely of his Mind in Henbane, of a biackift white or aft-colour; this, who is abfolutely againft multiplying But thac whole oblong Branch which luftains Species without Reafon. the Flower and the Heads, withers when the £7. Heiianthemum folio Thymi, floribus Seed is ripe, as in all the Kinds of Ciftus. timbellatis. Entail laritl) a Clufius found this Species in great plenty lleaf, anil umbeif’tr JFlotm* 0 . about Caraicejo, and all over Andalufia , be : Ciftus Ledon folio IhymU C. B. Pin. 465. tween the Rivers Tagus and Ana . Ciftus Ledon Tbymi foliis Ciufii . J. B- 2. 12. 3 C - HeJianth^mum Maifilienle, Coridis fo- Ledon decimum, Cluf. Hitt. 87. lio - ^ Of fgatfdiC0, 28. Heiianthemum foliis Rorifmarini fplen- tbit!) a fair, IcAb, llcaf. dencibus, fubrus incanis. Natali Cbamceciftus Maflilienfis , foliis Camphorat* fi- fioWt tbit!) fbtntng Mofemarp ILeaDOS, rnilibus & glabris. Raii Hift. 1016. ftcarp ttntietneatlj. ciftus Ledon , foliis Bp- 3 1 * Heiianthemum P0I11 folio ampltore, rifmariniy fubtus incanis . C. B. Pin. 467. Lufitanicum. p<tall ^SKllX? Ciftus Ledon foliis Bprifmarini coronaria Clufti J^lclbfr, tbltl) a lai‘C£C ^OiCP^ntOUUtatU flore luceo. T. B. 2. II. Ledon 0 clavum. Cluf. iHfaf. Hid. 80 32. Heiianthemum Polii folio angudiore. This Plant rifes a Cubit high, with fpread- Lulicanicum. f&rttftU &MX* ing Branches : The Leaves are fmail, of a jflcMer, tMtl) a naCCOtO ^0lep*m0tmtattl dark green above, but whitift underneath ; Leaf. fo that they would feem to be the fame with 33. Heiianthemum humilius, Lufitanicum, the Leaves of Bpfmarinus coronaria , but are Halimi folio nigriore, magno flore luteo. of an aftringent Tafte, tho’ they are befmear’d ^02tUt£ttCfC S&ttlftH as it were with a certain clammy fat Moi- tUttl) a black ^)ja^^BltcflatlC iJLiaf, atlb a jfture, as well as the tender Branches. Many large pcllbtb jflottffC. fmail Flowers grow along the Branches, of 34. Heiianthemum Algarvienfe, Halimi a yellow Colour, confiding of five Leaves, folio, flore luteo, punicante macula infiEnico’. and like a fmfili Wood Bpfe. The dark aft ^ Mil fr.mtfizWt cf Stlgarbe, ttttfj a coloured Seed is contained in fmail Heads or ^^^ttrSauClLCaf, aflb a VflloU) latCfC Seed-vefleis. mark cb tuitlj a feadet It grows commonly in thofe uncultivated 35* Heiianthemum Hiipanicum, Halimi Places on this Side of the Tagus above Lisbon folio rotundiore. ^atulb &mall with the ciftus foliis Halimi, &c. jHotocr, a rmtnb ^a^tteflane 2p. Heiianthemum folio Sampfuchi. ^ittall ^icaf. ttt^JflobJCr tottl) a’^alltck IUa£ Ciftus 36. Heiianthemum Hifpanicum, Halimi folio Sampfutbi incano. C. B. Pin. 46^. Ciftus folio anguftiore, §a>pavttfl) ^ 5 >,TtalI folio Sampfuchi Chfti , cut macula in flore . ^IotD£l*,tUttl) a Uarroil ^.'a^-PtirOanC Leaf. J. B. 2. 6. 37. Heiianthemum Hifpanicum, Halimi This is a Shrub that puts forth many folio minimo. |$|)atulb §>!ttall llsnder Branches} on which are fee fmail, tt, UUtlj tl)C imalldf ^a^ttvflane lUaf. 38, Heli- The Compleat Herbal, 38- Helianthemum Lufiranicum, Mari fo- lio incsno, flore luteo. ^OittlgU^fC &Tiftll plotter, fcritl) a lyoarp Karikh Leaf, auD a velloD) iflo&ec 30. Hclianrhemum Lufiranicum, Mm fo¬ lio inr^o, cap' ulis valde hirfuns. guefe ^.nall frmfUttett, trrit& a Ijoarp Maffick Lear, anD Deep Ijatiri ^:eDdjeflels. 40. Hclianihemum Lufiianicum, Majora- nae folio, flore lireo, punicanre macula in- fignito. pomtgttefe Entail ^.m^iflofter, torit!) a $©arjo?am Leaf, anD a pellotu plotter, market! taul) a fcarlet ^pot. 41. Helianthemum Hilpanicum, Halimi folio ampliflimo, incano & nervofo. Js^jantffj Entail ^.m^lotoer, tuftlj a Deep large Ijatrp anD nerbous ^ea^urflane Leaf. Ciftus Halimi folio, flore luteo amplo , maxi - musy Hifpanicus. Bar. Icon. 42. Helianthemum Planraginis folio, pe- renne. ^Beremual ^ trail ^un^lc&er, mitl) a plantain Leaf. Tui? raria mftras. J. B. 2. 12. Tuber aria major Mpconi. Ejufd. ibid.' 43. Helianthemum Hifpanimm, aneufto folio, flore carneo. jS&ffanift) ^.ttall f&XXl? iflotoer, luttf) a narrotn Heat, anD a Car* nadon plotter. 44. Helianthemum Alpinurru Oleae folio fubtus incano. ^OttnfatU ^ttall i\\; Jflotoer, britlj an 3 DItbe Leaf Ijcarp tm* Derneatfl. 45. Hdianthemum Lufiranicum, Bnpleuri folio, flore maculato. p02tttgttefe ^Ttall & n^loDJer, britl) a ^are’^ear Leaf, anD a ipoueD Kleiner. 46. Heliarnhemum l »'firanicum, Globu¬ lar!* folio, poitttguefe^.nall ^an^JpIoUi^ er, brit!) a SDaw Leak 47. Heliarnhemum Lufiranicum, annuum, Planraginis folm. flore 'ricolore. . gnefe annual ^nall &;tn*jPlolm, into a J 0 lantatn*Leaf, anu a tfoee^celoureD plotter. 48. Helianthemum Hifpanimm, folio mi- nimo, ro r undiore. ^jjantfl) ^Uall & iX; i; lotner, Uriel) a been frnaU mmDtfn Leaf, 49. Helianthemum Hd'panirum, Origani folio fubtus incano, grjamfb ^mall ^.m* J^loriier, Intel) an &&anp Leaf Ijoarp tm* trern^atl). 50. Helianthemum Hifpani r um, Ocimi folio fubtus incanc* ^ifUUfy &Mll . 54 ? JPlotoet, lrttlj a ftecct If aftl ileaf Ijoarv untenteath. 51. Helianthemum pumilnm, Poirulaoae marinte folio argemeo. SDtearf trail JHotoer, tottlj a tiher ^a^litofiaue leaf. 52. Helianthemum Creticum, Linariae fo¬ lio, flore croceo. CanfiP J&ttall j&.tttjs irloter, teitfj a SEcaMar leaf, aim a fafron jFIoicer. 53. Helianthemum Creticum, annuum la- to Planraginis folio, flore aureo. jSntUtal Can6)> f&.itaH tottl) a bjoao Plantain Jleaf, anh a gofoen J'-Ioteec. Helianthemum comes from two Greek Words ha/©- the Sun , and av^zy.ov a Flower, as if you (hould fay, The Sun Flower. Tho* all the Species before mentioned have much the fame Verrues, yet the firft Species is almoft the only One ufed in the Shops^ It is a vulnerary and aftringent Plant, for which Reafon it may be ufed after the Manner or inftead of Comfrey in Spitting of Blood, in Lasks or Fluxes, in the Falling of the Uvula, in the immoderate flowing of the Terms, and generally in all Affections where there is too great a Flux of Blood. And from hence fome fancy ic to be Panax Chi - ronium ; and it is commonly called the Con- Jolida aurea of the German Botanifls . The Deco&ion of this Plant in Red Wine with Comfrey and plantain is preferibed a- gainff Spitting of Blood, a Diarrhoea, Dy- lentery, &Jr. It is boiled in Red Wine for the Ulcers of the Mouth and Secret Parts, with a little Rock Alom ; and the Mouth is walked with the Decoction, as well as the Ulcers of the Laid Parts. 'Tabernccmontarus effeems this an excellent Gargle for the Mouth and Throat. Farbjnfon fays. That the Deception of the Herb and Root folders and clofes up the Lip« of green Wounds ; it being very powerful in confolidating, binding and ftrengthening any Parr 5 and is as effectual as any Com¬ frey for Burffings, ftrengrbering of weak Joints, or any other binding Quality, in all Cafes where Comfrey is proper. The diftilled Water of the Herb is laid to beautify the Skin of the Face, or any ether Part of the Body. T A R l B* 544 The Contpleat Herbal. TABLE CXXIX. Fig. 4. GENUS XVII. Androfsemum, Cutfaitj or patfe* leaner* is a Plant with a RofoFIower A, confining of feveral Leaves B I 2 3 4 5 > placed orbicularly : Out of whole many- leav’d Flower- cup C, rifes the Pbintal D, which afterwards turns to a Fruit E, or an oval Berry with one Cheft F, and full of Seeds that are generally fmall 1 , fixed or ad¬ hering to a threefold Placenta H. Mr. Toumefqyt obferved but one Species of 2Cutfan, which is, Androfaemum maximum, frutefeens. C. B- Pin. :8c.. (5mt (!&Ub STUtfan. Siciliana, aliis Ciciliar.a vel Andrejccmon. J» 3 * 3 ^ 4 * Andrcfemum. Dod. Pempt. 78. This is the Clymenum Italorum. Ger. and the Androfcmum vulgarc. Park. It has a thick, ligneous, reddifli Root, that puts forth very long Fibres. The Stalks are ligneous, a Cubir, and a Cubit and a half long, round, reddifli, fmootb, and winged with little membranous Wings. The Leaves, which are fet over againft one another in Couples, refemble the Leaves of Honyfuckje , but are not bored through by the Stalk, and are fmooth, of a dark green Colour above and whitifh underneath. The Flowers are like thofe of St. John s-voort, but fmaller and not fo lightly, according to Mr. I{a/s Ob- fervation, tho* Bauhinus affirms the contrary, confifting of five yellow Leaves, under which are placed as many green ones, which grow larger when the Flowers drop. The Seed- veflel, which is rounder than in St.John s- roort, refembles a Berry : For its outer Mem¬ brane or Pericarpium, which contains the Seed, is thick and flefhy, which however dries and withers before the Seed is ripe. It feems alfo to be compofed of three Parcs for it has three Pointals at top. It grows in Thickets, Hedges, and fhady Banks, and flowers in Summer . ^This Plant is called Andro/amum from etifAet Blood, and dvrip avFpof a Man ; for this Plant, fays Diofcorides , being bruifed or fqueezed by the Fingers, yields a Tuice of the Colour of Blood. We call it Tutfan in Et'giifh from the French Totite-Saine , or the Italian Tut if an • and fame call it Parf Leaves becaufe it is fo familiar to Parks and Woods, that it leldom grows any where elfe, Tutfan is moderately hor and dry ; and vet the Seed has an abflerfive Quality, whereby it purges cholerick Humourr, in the fame Manner as St. Peter s-voon does; for therein and in all other Refpeds it produces the fame Effedb, both to eafe the Sciatica and Gout, and to heal Burnings by Fire. Ic like- wife flops the bleeding of Wounds, if either the green Herb bruifed, or the Powder of the dry Herb be applied to them. Jt is, and has formerly in all Ages been accounted among the Country-People, a fovereign Herb to heal any Wound or Sore either outwardly or in¬ wardly. And therefore ic always was one of their fingular good Herbs of which they made Wound Drinks or Lotions, Balms, Oils, or Ointments, for any Sort of green Wound, or old Ulcer or Sore ; in all which the con- rinual Experience of many Ages has con¬ firmed the Ufe of it to be admirable $ tho’ it is not fo much in requeft now as ic was in former Times, when Surgeons and Pby- ficians did more addidfc themfelves to the Ufe of Herbs than they do now. Lemery informs us, That it contains abun¬ dance of Oil, and a moderate Quantity of Salt and Phlegm. It is, fays he, called To- ta fana , Toutefaine , or All-heal, becaufe it is reckoned proper for all Difeafes. It is aperitive, vulnerary, refolucive, -proper for the Stone, to drive out Worms, to refift Ve¬ nom, and to prevent Madnefs. It is ufed both outwardly and inwardly. SECT. J’ag.SJa. The Compleat Herbal. 545 SECT. III. Of Herbs with a Rofe-Flower } tvhofe Pointal turns to a Fruit that is generally bicapfnlar. TABLE CXXX. Fig. i. GENUS I. G Cttttt is -a Plant with a Rofe-Flower A, confifting of many Leaves B, placed or¬ bicularly : Out of whofe Flower^ctip C, rifes the Pointal D, which is fplic into two Horns, and then turns to an oblong Fruit E F, fome- what refembling a Bucket, with two Stems, - bicapfular G, and full of Seeds which are generally final] H. The Species of (Etetint are,' i. Geum rotundifolium, majus. ©JCatfT, Cteutu* Sanicula montana , ro- tundifolia , major. C. B. Pin. 243. Sanicula Alpina , guttata. ]• B. 3. 707. Garyophydata , five Geum Alpinum , recentiorum , folio Hede- raceo. Lob. Icon. 613. Sanicula montana 2 da, Cluf. Hill. 607. £>pottcts »>antcle. It has many Leaves almoft exactly round, refembling the Leaves of golden Saxifrage , (landing upon long Foct-ftalks, cut in on the Edge into deep Jaggs ; fo that the lead Leaves feem as if they were cut out into Fingers, fat, hairy, green above, and fome- what whitifti underneath, and of an aftrin- gent Tafte. Then it (hoots up with Stalks a Foot high, and fometimes higher, which are green, hairy, and fomewhat writhed, upon which (land Leaves refembling the Former. The Tops of the Stalks are di¬ vided into feveral Wings, and upon each Branch (land three or four Flowers that fmell like the Flowers of Haxv-tbcrn 9 and confift of five (mail Leaves that are marked underneath with red Spots. Double Seed- vcflels with ten Stamina poflefs the Middle of the Flower, which Vefleis when ripe contain very fmall black Seed. The Root is fomewhat fcaly on the upper Parr, and thickifh, being furnifiied with many whitifli Fibres, and putting forth Shoots at the Sides. It grows on the Helvetian Alps arid on the Mountains of Jura and Saleva near Ge¬ neva : Ic grows alfo, according to the Te- ftimony of Clufius , in fliady Places on ihe Mountains of Stiria and Auflria. It flowers in $une, and earlier in Gardens. 2- Geum rotundifolium, minus, pittance tOttttlLdCab’H tiSctUTb Sanicula montana , ro - tundifolia , minor. C. B. Pin. 243. SanicuLe montane alterius Species fecunda. Cluf. Hid, 308. This Species is fmaller than the former, and has a narrower Leaf, which is dented at the End, hairy, of an allringenc Tafte, and of a pale herby Colour. Out of the Middle of the Leavs rife naked Stalks three Inches high, which at Top are fplic into feveral little Branches which are loaded with little white Flowers like thofe of fpotted Sanic!e y but not marked with bloody Spots like them. To thefe fucceed Heads divided in two as in the other, which contain fmall black Seed. It grows in Snealben , &c. and flowers in June 9 but in Gardens it flowers in May. 3. Geum folio circinato, piftillo floris P* Hide. Cntnt tnulj an craft rottntJ JUaf, ants a pale ^Botntal. Sanicula montana , ere - nata, umbilico pallidc. H. R. Par. 4. Geum folio circinaro, acme crenaro, piftdlo floris rubro. dUftUtt Lot'll) a CtrCttlaC ants fljarp^aegets ilcaf, ants a t*eti pom* tab The Root is fibrous, putting forth Shoots from the Sides, and produces many Leaves which are round, notched, fmooth underneath, but very hairy above, and (landing upon long hairy Foot-ftaJks. The Stalks are half a Foot high, naked, hairy, branched at Top, A a a a on 54 T&e Compleat HerBal. on which grow white fivc-Ieavcl Flowers which are marked with blood-red Spots, wirh many white Stamina and blood-red Chives, as a!fo a red Pointal. To tbefe Picceed the Seed-veffels and Seed, which are like rhofe of the other Species. It grows on the -Pyrenean Mountains. 5. Geum folio fubrotundo, majori, piftillo floris rubro. Cnmt trit!) a large rountud) 3leafj null a reh ^poiutaL Sedum monta- num^ f erratum, guttato fiore. Park. Thear. 738 * The Root of this Species is compofed of feveral blackifh Filaments, and fpreads it feif in the fa ne Manner as the reft of its Genus, putting forth many Heads or Shoots com¬ pofed of many Leaves which are not con¬ globated as in the greater Ever-green and dented Sedum , but fpread out into a plain Surface like a Eofe, When the Leaves are come to their full Growth, they are larger, broader and thinner than any of the other Species of Hou/e-!ee 4 , being furniflied with broadilh Foot-ftalks an Inch Tong, and are fmooth, of a rufty green Colour, but reddifh underneath, efpecially at the little Veins and Nerves which appear there almoft without Number, of an oblong round Figure, an Inch or an Inch and a half long, and fcarce an Inch broad, being almoft one half longer than they are, brdad, notched about the Edges with thin-fet Notches, fo that the Teeth between the Notches are pretty broad and blunt. About the End of May Ihoot up from the Middle of the Leaves fmall reddifh Stalks, begirt up to the Middle with fmall Leaves, where they begin to divide into Branches, on the Tops of which ftand many Flowers which are compofed of five fmall Leaves fomewhat pointed, of a faint red Colour on the Infide, and beautifully marked with many blood-red Spots, with flelh-co- loured Stamina that furround the greenilh Head, which fwelling after the Flower falls, becomes the Seed-veffel, fplit into two Horns at top, and containing fmall blackilh Seed. There are two Species or Varieties of this Plant, one with a larger and another with a fmadler Flower.. Ic is very frequent in our Gardens, but we are not certain where it grows wild, tho’ doubtleis it is a Native of the Mountains, 6. Geum folio fubrotundo, minori, piftillo floris rubro. Q'eitm fcntfj a fntaller rounte tflj Leaf, atm a ten pnrttal. It bears many Leaves which are fpread round into various Heads, and lie upon the Ground, being almoft an Inch long, round- ifh, thick, fmooth, fhining, of a dark green Colour, but fainter underneath, tapering into a Foot-ftajk half an Inch long, and near two Lines broad, with hairy Borders. The Stalks are nine Inches high, naked, hairy and branched, loaded with five-leav’d Flow¬ ers that are ilaincd with golden and ver¬ milion Grains or Corns. The Stamina are whitifh, and the Chives purplifh ; a red, py¬ ramidal, horned Pointal poffeffes che Middle, and turns to a Seed-veffel of the fame Figure, but larger, divided into Cells, - * and full of very fmall blackilh Seed. The Flower-cup is compofed of five fmall green Leaves that turn downwards. Ic grows on the Moun¬ tains of Bifcay . 7. Geum folio fubrotundo, minimo. ttm Void) a berp fmall rotmmft) Leaf. Cotyledon altera olim Mattbioli . J. B. 3. 684J. This is Cotyledon minor feliis rottindioribus , guttato fiore . Raii Hift. Plant. 1046. The Plant, fays Mr. Ray, which we would have to be underftood by this Name was cul¬ tivated fome Years in my Garden at Cambridge, Ic has even Leaves, which are almoft round, (landing upon an oblong and broadifh Foot- ftalk, nay, if my Memory does not fail me, they are broader than they are long, notched quite round the Edges, having large Teeth (landing betwixt the Notches which are pretty (harp at the Poinr, fmooth and almoft fhining, fmaller and of a more pale green Colour than thofe of the Fifth Species here deferibed, snd not quite fo thick-fer. The Cotyledon altera olim Mattbioli , con¬ tinues he, which we take to be the fame Species with this, is thus deferibed by J.Batt - binus : All the Leaves it has are fpread along upon the Ground, and are very numerous, adhereing to broadifh Foot-ftalks an Inch long, from whence they begin to be dilated as from a Neck, fo that at laft they are round in Circumference, beautifully notched, half an Inch big, thickilh, and without Wrinkles even when dry. There is but one (lender Stalk which is feven or eight Digits ... high*. The Compleat Herbal. high, commonly naked, and rarely furniflied with Leaves an Inch above the Root, divided into fevcrai Branches above, at the Tops of which are fet fmall Flowers of a pale red Colour, beftrewed with many deep red Spots. It is found on the Hills about Como , and on the Mountains of Stiria. 8. Geum palnftre, minus, foliis oblongis, crenatb. SmtaU mar® fornlj obf long notchrtt iUotSCS* SanicuL-e Alpim-c a!i- cjuatenus affinis. J. B. g. 708. Sanicula Myc- fotis Alpina, floribus albicantibus , fere umbel- intis . Pluk. Phytog. Tab. 58. It (hoots down into the Earth with its Root (where it can make its way,) which is pretty thick in proportion to the Size of rhe Planr, and puts forth many long white Fi¬ bres. It fpreads forth (hort green Leaves quite around, which are hairy like thole of Motife-ea-, dented with four or fix great Teeth, ending in a (harp Point, an Inch or an Inch and a half long, and half an Inch broad towards the Poinr. Out of the Middle of the Leaves rife Stalks a Palm high and better, which are round, hairy and naked of Leaves quire up to the Place where they be¬ gin to fpread Branches : Oa the Top they bear Flowers compofed of five white (harp- pointed Leaves, which are marked with two yellow Spots near the Roots, and contain within them ten Stamina^ which are tipped with little purple Chives. The Seed-veflel is thick, ending in two Horns at top, as in the other Species of this Genus, and contain¬ ing fmall, round, reddi(h Seed. — It loves the moift Places of high Moun¬ tains, as alfo Brooks and watery Rocks, and Water Springs, like golden Saxifrage. It is to be met; with on the Sides of Snowdcwn, Carwdh-Llewellyn, Cndtridris , See. by the Sides of running Brooks ; as alio on Hard - hyiot and Wrenofe Hills in Weft norland. 9. Geum paluftre, Lafirsnicum, minus 8c ramofius. SsmaU, bjancl)^ ^ojtupefe, Spar® (D'nim, 10. Geum anguftifolium, amutrsnale, fiore Imeo, guttato. autumnal <5eum> tattlj a rdloto fpottrs 2Uaf* Saxi- frag a anguftifolia, aittumnalis , fiore luteo , gut¬ tato , foliolis fiorum magis guttatis. BrcynJ Cenr. 1. 106. This rare and beautiful Plant grows in the moift and mofly Meadows of PruJJia anti Caffuben , efpecially near the Caftle of Klein Krakyiw, where it (lowers from Augufl to the End of Autumn ; but when planted in a wet Garden in a Place not much expofed to the Sun, it flowers fomewhat earlier, to wit, from 'fuiy to the Middle of September. From capillaceous Roots' of a whitifli Co¬ lour and an aftringent Tafle, come forth: many red Shoots which are downy with Hair cf a nifty Colour, and ofeen -creep along: whole Turfs; around which grow narrow flelhy Leaves with very fine Nerves running along them, which Leaves are of a black- green Colour, and fomewhat ft iff, hairy a- bout the Edges, pretty much refembling the Leaves of Polygala and Nardus Celtica ; fome of which beginning to dry in Autumn , put on a dull or yellow inflead of their green v Colour, like to Nardus Critic*. Among the Shoots or Sprays come forth little Stalks nine Inches long, generally fpreading upon the Surface of the Earth, (lender, round and greenilh, fomewhat reddifh on the lower Parr, and on the upper Part a little hairy with a foft, rufty or pale Down ; which are cloathed with fomewhat final ler Leaves placed in a confufed and irregular Order, and thick-fet about the Root, but more thin fet on the upper Part of the Stalk. The Tops of the Stalks, which end in two, three, four, or more Branches, bear very beautiful Flowers like thofe of white Saxifrage , but dyed of a yellow Colour, confiding of five nervous Leaves that have two Appendages at their Nails or Roots, in the fame Manner as the Gentian a duodecima feu punctata Cluf. on which one cannot behold, without a vaft Plea- fure, how finely and curioufly ingenious Na¬ ture has ftrewed innumerable Spots of a fine deep (adron. Colour, and thefe from the Middle to the Navel ; from whence comes up a greenilh forked Husk, divided into two Cells like the Saxifrages, amongfi ten Sta¬ mina that are tipped with faffron Chives ; which fwells more and more after the Flower decays, and being come to its full Maturity is (plit into Horns, and (heas (mall reddilh fhining Seed. The Flowers as well as the Leaves, but efpecially the Staiks, have a bitterilh and aftringent Tafte. A a a a 2 This 54 s The Cowpleat Herbal. This Plant has feveral Varieties ; for fome ‘Flowers have Leaves with-more blunt Points, and orhers with (harper Pi i is: Btfides there are of them found with larger and final ler Leaves, with fainter and darker green Leaves. 11. Geum Crettcum, folio circinarn, vil- lofo, flore magno, albo. Catltfl) 0CU!tt, Mcl) a rotms ijafrp lleaf, ann a large fcljue jFtoet. 12. Geutn oriental?, rotundifolium, fupi- num, flore aureo. ILotO, rOttnt^lCftbB, mal 0etmr, tmtij a goluen Rioter. 13. Geum orientale, Cymbalarke folio molli & glabro, flore magno, albo. 02tcn^ fal 0'ettm, t mb a fcfe anh frnootl) Jbp* lno it 01 Contdo Leaf, ann a large fcdjtte Softer. I have nothing more to fay of this Genus, but that it contains abundance of eflemial Oil and Salt ; and that is is deterfive, vul¬ nerary and confolidating. TABLE CXXX. Fig. 2. GENUS. II. Saxifraga, @>ajriftnge* CSrifrage is a Plant with a Rofe-Flower ^ A B, confiding of many Leaves placed orbicularly C : Out of whofe mulufidous Flower-cup D, rifes the Pointal E, which commonly ends in two Horns F, and after¬ wards turns together with the Flower-cup into a rcundifii Fruit G, which has likewife^ two Horns, and two Cells H, and is full of Seeds I, which are generally (mall. The Species of isattftaije are, I. Saxifraga rotundifolia, alba. C« B • Bin, 309. Wl)tte rDttnhdeab’h Saxifrage. Sax - ifraga alba, r a dice granule/a, ]. B. 3. 706. Saxifraga alba. Dod. Pempt. 316. The Root of this Plant confifts of many Bulbs or Kernels, about the Bignefs of Cori¬ ander Seed, of a purple Colour, and bitter, with fmall Fibres warped through one ano¬ ther, and other Fibres befldes thefe, which are larger and thicker ; fometimes it fends but one Stalk, at other Times three, five. and more, which are round, hairy,’ of a purple Colour, and divided into Branches ; on which (land feveral white Flowers wh ch do not all blow at the lame Time, confiding of five roundilh Leaves, not fplit in two as in Chickpoccdy little yellow Stamina, and a green Pointal, and have no difcermble Smell. The Flowers are inclofed by five fmall green- ifh Leaves, with a purple Bolder, which are hairy and fomewhat vifeous, as are alfo the Leaves with the Stalk in fome meafure. The Leaves are round, crefted, far, and forne- what refembling the Leaves of Ground-fo 7, upon hairy Foot-ftalks a Palm long or fhort- er : But you will fee fome of thofe which are fet on the Stalk not cut in the leaft but intire, fhaped like a Launce, and of a bay Colour at the Point, and others of them fringed, but not by far of fo round a Figure* The Seed-veflel has two Horns at top, like a fort of Houfe-leek^ [ It flowers about the End of April and Be¬ ginning of May on the Banks of Hedges, in Paftures and dry Meadows. 2. Saxifraga ad folia bulbos gerens. C. B . vin. 30 9. g>anfrage hearing kernels at tlje ILeabe#. Saxifraga buibefa, altera , bul- bifera , montana . CoJ. Parr. 1. 317. This is the Saxifraga alba altera bulbifera . Park. The Root of this Plant has not Kernels growing at it but as it were little fcaly Bulbs, propagating it felf like the Lilly , with Knobs twice as big as thofe of the former, which are reddifh without and whirifil within, of an aftringent Tafte at firft, but afterwards bitter and difagreeable, with a few fmall Fibres at the Bottom which take faft hold of the Ground. This Species has alfo fmaller and rounder Leaves which are hairy, with (hotter purplifh Foot-ftaiks, divided quite around into round Notches, vifeous to the Touch like Gum, as is the Stalk, the FJow- er-cup, and the whole Plant. It puts forth a thicker Stalk which is a little hairy, pur- plifh, on which are fet many Leaves alter¬ nately, without a Foot flalk, crefted about the Edges, divided or cut into (harp Notches like the Leaves of Eyebright , in the Bofoms of which rife little Bulbs by which it pro¬ pagates it felf, tbe(e fupplying the Place of Seed, for they fpring up iooner, and come forth not only in the Bofoms of the Leaves, but The Cowpleat Herbal . $ 45 ? but likewife on the Foot-falks of the Flow¬ ers, and by the F owers themfelves, which coirv'ng for h on the Top of the Stalk like a Bunch of Ivy Berries, and being branched, and fitting upon Foot-ftalks, do in the Months of April and May gape into five little white Leaves, having hairy Flower cups like a Pomegranate Flower, or the Flower of Hen- bane , divided alfo into five Borders, in which are the two-horned Seed-vdfcls (furrounded with feveral yellowilh Stamina) which fplit or gape at the Horns when ripe, and Ihed abundance of fuperfluous and very fmall Seed like Sand. 3. Saxifraga verna, annua, humilior. ILottf, dental, annual s^airifrage. Sedum tndatiy lites tettorum. C. B. Pin. 285. T ridaftylites teHorum , fore albo. J. B. 3.762. Paronychia ahera. Dod. Pempr. 112. This is th q Par0. nychid rutacco folio. Ger. and Paronychia foliis incifu • Park* It draws its Nourifiinnent from a fmall, fingte, furculous Root ; and rifes commonly with one round, fmall, infirm, branched, and reddifh Stalk, about a Palm high, or a little lower or higher according to the Na¬ ture of the Soil where it grows. The Leaves that firft come forth are oblong and (ingle, but the others, which are fet on the Stalk without a Foot ftalk, are fat or fucculent, pale and hairy, glutinous to the Touch, cut into three Segments or Fingers, and fome- times into five : But thofe again which are placed at the Top of the Stalk are fingle and undivided and placed alternately. On the Tops of the Stalks and Branches ftand fmall white Flowers on long Foot-ftalks, confifting of five roundifii Leaves, not at all cur, in oblong hairy Flower-cups cut into five Segments. The Seed-vefTel, which is divided into two Horns at top, and 1 wells into a round Bell} b low the Flower-cup, resembles the Fruit of Haw-thorn. The whole Plant is vifcous ro the Touch. Ir commonly grows plentifully on Walls and Houfes, in rugged and dry Places. It flowers in rhe Month of May , and foon pro¬ duces ripe Seed j after which it withers from the verv Root. 4. SaxTraga irmfcofa, trifido folio. 0 £olTp ^anf-acce, trill) a licif cut into tl;?ce i&CfriTiC t?. Sedum Alpinum trifido folic. C. B* Pin, 284. Sedis ajfnis trifulca i A!pin a. flore albo. J. B. 3. *696. Sedum minus xiii Cluf. Hift. lxii* This is the Sedum Alpinum laciniatis Ajugce foliis. Park. It wanders upon the Surface of the Ground, and takes up much Space with fmall duskifh Stalks lying flat upon the Ground, which put forth Leaves an Inch long, fomewhat hairy, and ending in a three-furrowed broad- ifh Trident, fmaller than that of Ground-pine : Others of them which are folded up like an oblong glumous Bottle, and are feathered with Down, do exactly referable a Grain of Oates, being guarded on all Sides with thefe three-furrowed Leaves. Some of the Stalks, which are round and a Palm long, ftrecch out above into feveral Foot-ftalks (at which is fer a very fmall undivided Leaf) each of which bears a white ftriped Flower about the Size of a Spurrey Flower. To the Flower fucceeds the Seed veftll, which is fmall and full of Seed, and is furrounded by the Flower-cup which is cut into Jaggs. It grows in great plenty on the Mountains of Walts, as Snowdon \ and on the Mountains in Tork^fhircy as Ingleborough ; and Mr. I{ay found it on Mount Jura and in other Parts beyond-fea. 5. Saxifraga trida&ylites, Alpina, prilidb lutea. ^mtntatn ©adfraire, of a pale pellotn Colour, tmtft a Heat cut into tljjee §>r$ment 0 * Sedum tridatiylitesy Alpinum , palhdc lutetim. C. B. Pin. 284. This Species has a fmall capillaceous Rood and a Stalk thac is a Foot high, of a purpiifii Colour, fomewhat hairy, divided into feveral fmall and tender Branches. The Leaves are thin, fofc and broad, divided firft into three deep Jaggs, and thefe again cut into fmaller Segments. The Flowers are of a pale yel¬ low Colour, confiding of five Leaves, and furnifhed with as many Stamina ; to which fucceed round ifh and Jongifh Seed-veffels con¬ taining very fmall Seed. Cafpar Baiihinus found this Plant in the wet and marfhy Places of the Pyrcnaum Mountains. 6 . Saxifraga trida&ylites, Alpina, minor Sc villofa* # fmaller Ijatrn mountain f^artfcage, true!) 2lcabfs cut. tn:o tlj:ce jt^egmeiUCi. Sedum tridaHylites , Alpinum , minus. C. B.Pir. 284* Prodr. 131. This is the Sedum Monfpelierfe (3 Pyrenaum I acinic rum. Park. 53 ° The Compleat Herbal. At a fmall creeping black Roor come forth feveral finall* green Leaves, that are gathered into Heads, deeply cat above imo Jaggs, commonly three, but rarely more ; out of the Middle of which rifes one or two Stalks, fomccimes divided, begirt with a few fmall Leaves, three or four Inches high, on which ftand three or four fmall pile Flowers confiiling of five Leaves, furnifhed with ma¬ ny Stamina, and each refting upon its own Foot*ftaJk. To thefe fucceed little Flower- cups containing fmall Seed. 7. Saxifraga alba, Petraea Pona in fol. 337. Trida&yiites Alpina. J. B. 3. 762. Ltcck &snftagC. Sedum tridaclylites, Al- ■pinmit majus , a bum. C. B. Pin. 284* It has a fmall capillaceous Root; a pur- pliHi Stalk a Palm long, fomewhat hairy, and divided into feveral flender and brittle Branches. The Leaves at the Root are thin foft and broad (fmall on the Branches) di¬ vided firft it*:o three Jaggs and then into others. The Flowers on the Tops of the Branches are white, five-leavM, and fur mill¬ ed with as many Stamina ; to which fucceed i'oundilh and Jcngilh Heads which contain very fmall Seed. 8. Saxifraga Sedi folio, flore a bo, multi¬ flora. CBanp^flcUiecti <&arifrr:ge, uritl) a IgotrfWeek ILcaf, anti a taljifc Sedum j "erratum , flore albo, multifiorttm. A. R. Par. 113. 9. Saxifraga Sedi folio, Pyrenaica, ferrata., ^prcncan (agcreD &*rrfragr, tmtf) a LjUlttfC^lCCk IlCflf. Sedum Pyrenaictim, /er¬ ratum, minus, flore gttttato. H. R. Par. 10. Saxifraga Sedi folio, anguftiore, ferrate. ^attftage tottEj a narrow DentcD ©otife^ JCCk JlCfif. Cotyledon media , foliis oblongis, ferratis . C. B. Pin. 285* Sedum / erratum • J. B. 3. 689. Umbilicus veneris minor primus & fectindus. Tabern. Icon. 847. Ai^cum [er¬ ratum. Cord. Hift. 92. This Plant has a flender black Root which propagates it felf far and wide by its long Fibres. The Leaves commonly fpread upon the Ground, and rarely rife above it, refem- bling thofe of Houfe-leek , being far and ob¬ long, with a round End ; fome of which alfo end in a Point and are an Jnch or two long, of a grey Cdour, moft nicely dented round the Edges with curious ftiff Teeth, which are whiter than the reft of the Leaf, and of a very aftrlngent Tafie : Out of the Middle of which riles a leafy Stalk one or two Palms high, and divided into feveral Wings or Branches. The Flowers are white, and confift of five Leaves that are not fharp* pointed but roii difh, and marked with red Spots about the Navel ; the Navel it k \f being yellow and ripped with faffren Chives. Mr. flay obferved this Plant on the Moun¬ tains of Tirol and Switzerland, and on Saleva and JtDa near Geneva . 11. Saxifraga foliis fubrotundis, ferratis.' @>anfrage Uritl) rmtmrift) jaggeD HeaDesL Cotyled.n minor , foliis fubrotundis , ferratis . C. B. Pin. 285. Prodr. 133. J B. 3. 690. This Species has a fmall, fibrous, duskifii Root ; around which grow many Leaves not half a Nail’s Breadth j not like long Tenons as in the former, but round ilh, notched round the Edges, thickiih, whitifh, and fomewhat aftringent; out of the Middle of which rifes a Stalk half a Palm and fometimes a Palm high, fomewhat rough, and begirt with a few very fmall Leaves: On the Tops of which are Foot-ftalks fuftaining Flowers, which are much fhnaller than in the firft Species, five-leav'd with Chives in the Mid¬ dle ; which Flowers are white, fometimes beftrewed with red Spots, and fometimes ftriped wi:h three Lines running along the Leaves of the Flowers, fo that the Flowers appear of a pale purplifli Colour. To thefe fucceed fmall Heads containing black Seed. It flicks to the Rocks on the Mountains of Switzerland 5 and flowers in June and July. 12. Saxifraga Alpina. Sedi foliis crenatis,' afperls. Smmfattt ^artfra^rc, Uriel) rmtgl) iiotd )cd Ttoufcdcek lleabcs. Sedum Aipi- ntim , foliis crenatis, afperis. C. B. Pin. 284* Prodr. 132. Sedum Alpirium ., hifpidum^ ferb fpinofum , flore albido. J. B. 3* &9 5 * This Plant puts forth many fl; nder Stalks nine Inches high, cloathed with Leaves placed alternately which are half an Inch long, narrow, pointed, of a pale green Co¬ lour, rough with Prickles about the Edges,' many of which adorn that Part of the Stalk that is next the Roor. The Branches into which the Stalks are divided at top, bear a Flower at top each of a paleilh Colour, as big as that of yellow Mountain Hoiife»leek> with many Chives in the Middle. To each The Compkat Herbal, ££ t of thefe fucceeds a Head like that of F/ax> but fmaller, which opens into two Parts at top, at the (baking of which tails our a great deal of very final] black Seed like Dull. 13. Saxifraga Alpina, Ericoides, flore pur- pur a fee nte. ^jOUlttatU §>attfi*age, tetitn; bltng biitlj a purpltlb Softer. Sedum montanum Ericoides. C. B. Prodr. 132. This Species has Branches a Palm long, which are tough, flexible, thick-fec with Joints, and fpread upon the Ground ; which are cloathed wirh fhort thickifh Leaves, (haped like the Leaves of Heathy and divided into other Stalks two or three Inches long, and fometimes even fhorter ; and thefe again bear many Leaves that almoft lean upon one another, and rounder than the former Leaves. On the Top of each firs a Flower which is pretty big and purplifli in a Flower-cup that is as it were fcaley, and confifts of four and fometimes five Leaves, and feveral Stamina in the Middle. 14. Saxifraga Alpina, Ericoides, flore cx ruleo. SIDotmtam J^catlMike *3>a.nfra0T, tmd) a blUC j?lDim*. Sedum Alpinum , Eri¬ coides, cceruleum. C. B. Prodr. 132. J. B. 3. 6 ? 4 - k hangs down from craggy Hills and Pvockc, having an oblong, fibrous, reddifli Root and feveral Branches begirt with thick-fec Leaves, that are fhorter than in the former, thick and afh-coloured like the Sa- namunda fecunda Cluf. and the Erica Alex¬ andria, On each Stalk, which are an Inch long and foiiacious, {lands a large, blue, four-Ieav’d Fiower, furnifhed with feveral little fhort Stamina, It grows in great Plenty on the Rocks upon the North Side of Inglebcrough ; and flowers early in the Spring , vis*, in the Month of March. C. Bauhinus found it on Monte BtauJio , and on the Top of Gothard , &c. It very much refrelhes and delights the Eve with the Largenefs and beautiful blue Colour of its Flowers : It is really a very rare Pianc whole early Flower even prevents the Spring it felf, on thofe cold Tops of Mountains and wet Rocks. 15. Saxifraga, monrana, pyramidata, folio longiore. ®Dtmtatn, ppjanuna! Saxifrage, Untb a long Ileaf. 16. Saxifraga Pyrenaica, lurca, minima,. Sedi fyliis denfifiimt* congeftk,. tHJccp pelloto, JBwncan ^attfrage, toftlj ^oufe^ leek fkeabes gadjereo ben> elefe* 17. Saxifiaga Pyrenaica, alba, minima, foliis denfifiime congefti*. SLije ftttallcfr inlwe JBi^ei.ean g>aitfrage, boitl) beep tljtckTet I.eabes. 18. Saxilraga Alpina, minima, foliis csefiis, deorium incurvis. %\)t fmallcU mountain ^arifrage, bolt!) grep 3Uabeg tljat bens 0? bm tetmdratbs. 1 9. Saxifraga Alpina, lutea, Sedi folio, Celled*) mountain gwftage, tmtlj a femtfe^leek ^leafr 20. Saxifraga Pyrenaica, trida&ylites, la- tifolia. -jBr^enean Saxifrage, tmtfr b:oab 3 Leabr$ cut into fljjee Segment? like JFtngers* 21. Saxifraga Cantabrica, latifolia, tri- dadtylires, rigidior. ^ttlf JMcafatt &at it frage, bottb bjoab Leabeo cut into tlp.ee Segment? like jfingcr$>. 22. Saxifraga iridadtylices, Pyrenaica, pal- lidb lutea, minima. fmalled pale pellotn JBp?encan Saxifrage, toil!) 3 Uabe$ cut into tljiee Segment?;. 23. Saxifraga Pyrenaica, foliis jiarrim in¬ terns, partim trifidis. jBp?enean Ibaxtfiage, „ teulj ieabeo partlp intire ano partly cut into tljtee saegmentg. 24. Saxifraga Pyrenaica, minima, lutea, Mufco fimiiis, %\)t fmallcfr nelloui renean Saxifrage, refembling 25. Saxifraga Cretica, annua, minima, Hederaceo folio. WM t fUtallett aUUUal 5 , Shl^leab’b, Canrsp Satifrage. This Genus is called Saxifraga from Saxum and fran^o^ either becaufe it breaks ■ forth from the Clefts of Rocks? or becaufe the Roots penetrate into Stores and Rocks, or becaufe it breaks or diffoives the Scone in the Bladder and Kidneys. There are many Plants that come under this Denomination befidcs thofe mentioned under this Head, and moft if not all ol thofe mentioned under this Genus have much the fames Venues-.; tho’ the fiifl Species is that which is principally ufed in the Shops* This then warms and dries very power¬ fully 5 is diuretical and aperitive. Ic is chiefly ufed to break and expel the Stone and Sand in the Kidneys and Bladder, and to attenuate the Mucilage that gathers there. It is- ufed alfo ia the Qbitrudtioos of the Mcnjlrua ;, and:. The Coni pleat Herbal. and is employed externally in diuretical Bath f . A diftilied Water is drawn from the whole Pjant gathered , in the Month of May. Scbr^d. The fixed Salt of this Plant reduced to Alhes affords a nitrous Spirit, which is very good for the Stone. D» Vaimer. This Plant paffes for a great Diurerick ; and the Infufion of its Roots in White Wine, or the Dcco&ion of the fame Parts are ufed for this Purpofe. Fuchfus affirms, That it provokes the Terms, and that it frees the Lungs from that thick Limph which hinders their ordinary Functions. Tournefort. This Plant contains abundance of effential Salt and 0 : 1 : It is very opening, proper for the Stone, for Obftrudtions, and to provoke Urine and Womens Terms, if it be taken in Derodlion. Lemery. The fifth Species has been celebrated by the Honourable Mr. Boyle in his Treadle concerning the Ufefulnefs of Natural Philo- lbphy, p • 203. who fays. That the Herb infufed in Small Beer, and drank for fome Days, cures the King's-Evil without any fenfible Evacuation, by confuming the Hu¬ mour, mitigating the Pain, difeufling the Tumours, and drying up the Ulcers. TABLE CXXX. Fig. j. GENUS III. Salicaria, t©fllOfo is a Plant with a Rofe- » * Flower A, confining of many Leaves B, that grow in a Circle from the Incifures of the flat Flower-cup C : Out of the Bottom of which Flower-cup rifes the Pointal D, which afterwards turns to a Fruit E, or oval Husk, confiding of two Cells F, and ge- * nerally full of fmall Seeds H, which adhere to the Placenta G, and are commonly wrapped up in the Flower-cup I. The Species of are, I. Salicaria vulgaris, purpurea, foliis ob- longis. Common purple tEItHoln/tno^t, mttl) oblong Ueabes. Lyfmachia fpicata, purpurea, forte Plinii . C. B. Pin. 246. Lyfi - mach'a pur puna, quilujdam fpkata. J. B. 2. 902. Pfeudolyfmachium puvpureum /tlteruml Dod. Pempr. 86. fpifcetl loto 4 jerb, oj iloofe^Urtfe. It ipreads feveral whire ligneous Roots as long as one’s Finger. The Stalks in a kindly Soil rife to the Tallnefs of a Man, being ftiff, divided into Branches, cornered and redding The Leaves grow commonly in Couples at cer¬ tain Diftances, and fometimes in Threes, re- fembling the Leaves of tVillove, narrower, and of a deeper green Colour than thofe of yel¬ low Loofe-ftrife , (harp-pointed, and of a dry Tafte. The Flowers grow in Spikes nine Inches long, and fometimes not fo long, which are compofed of feveral Wherles : They ftrike the Eye with a gay bright blue Colour ; each of which confift of fix Leaves, with Stamina of the fame Colour poflefling the Middle, reding in oblong purple ftriped Flower-cups, which are divided into twelve Segments. It is chiefly to be remarked in this Flower," That the Leaves do not come forth from the Bottom of the Flower-cup, about the Bafis of the Seed-veflel, which is almoit quite hid in it, but from the uppermoft Border of the Flower-cup, as will immediately appear to any one that plucks them when they begin to wither. It giows in great abundance in Marfhes^ and on the Brinks of Rivers ; and flowers in Summer. 2. Salicaria trifolia, caule hexagono. foil OTtHob^too#, tmtlj a ftr^comafn Stalk. Lyfmachia purpurea, trifolia , caule hexagono. Spig. Ifag. 49. 3. Salicaria purpurea, foJiis fubrotundis; purple Mttllotu^uojt, tottlj rottnmtfj irat)C£. Lyfmachia fpkata, lanuginofa , folio fubrotundo , fore purpureo . H. R. Par. Lyfi» maebia fpicata , purpurea , folio fubrotundo , Ocimi facie. Munt Hi ft. 744. 4. Salicaria Lufiranica, anguftiore folio, ^ojtupefe MtHoto^o#, nutty a nar^ rcto JtOaf. Lyfmachia purpurea, altera, Lu - (ieanica. V. Lufir. 5. Salicaria Hyflopi folio latiore. HB^toaB MtllOft^lUOtf. Hyjfopifotia major, latioribus foliis. C. B. Pin. 218. Hyffo - pifolia aquatica. J. B. 3. 729. This has many green, channelled Sta!k3 nine Inches long and better, that a:e cloathed with Leaves placed alternately, refembling the The Compleat Herbal. 553 the Leaves of Hyffop, but fometimes Ihorter than them, of (hort Continuance, with one Nerve or Rib running along the Middle lengthwife, and of no manifeft Tafte : Out of whofe Bofom, from the Root to the Top, rifes one or two longilh blue Flowers, com- pofed of five ftriped Leaves, (landing in a green Flower-cup adhering to the Scalk. The Flowers are fucceeded by the fame Number of long round Pods infolded in a greenilh Membrane, which being removed, a duskilh Coat properly cooftituting the Flower-cup contains abundance offmall Seed. The Root is Ihort and fibrous. It* is frequently found both in England and in Foreign Parts in watery Places, and where the Water has ftagnated during the Winter. 6 . Salicaria HylTopi folio anguftiore. rob) WtQotK);too?t« Hyjfopu folia minor , anguftioribus foliis . C. B. Pin. 218. This Species has a (ingle, ligneous, twitted Root, (hooting up a Stalk a Palm high, and fometimes above nine Inches high, divided into Branches ; along which are ftretched many Leaves turning upwards, and refcm- bling the Leaves of (linking Ground-pine ; out of the Bofoms of which, from the Bot¬ tom to the Top, rife very fmall crefted red- dilh Pods, refembling thofe of great Hyjfop , filll of fmall Seed, which is of a whitilh yel¬ low Colour. The Flower is fo very fmall, that it can hardly be well difeerned. Cher Ur gathered this Plant in the Vine¬ yards upon the Sea-lhore, and on the Borders of the Vineyards near Grammont in the Fields about Montpelier . Mr. I{ay found two Species of this Plant growing together in the Ifland of Sicily near Meffina ; the one three times higher than the other, and larger in all its Parts, but alike in every other Refpecfh But he fays he ne¬ ver observed any other but the fmaller Species in England. 7. Salicaria HylTopi folio, floribus albis, i&pffojMcab’b bntlj inljtte Hylfopifolia floribus albis, C. B. Pin. 2 \ 8. 8. Salicaria Hilpanica, HylTopi folio,' flori- bus obiongis, lacuratb ceruleis. I&vlTopTeab b WtfiotMbmt, tattlj oblong of a ueep blue Colour, Hyjjopu folia Hifpanica , floribut obiongis, faturatioris Ccerulei coloris . C. B» Pin. 2i8. 9. Salicaria minima, tenuifolia. fmalleft tumob^leabb OTtHoto^too^ Hyjfopifolia minor , vel potius Tby mi folia, ma- ritima . J. B. 3. 79 2 . 10. Salicaria minima, Lufitanica, Num¬ mularis folio. %\)t fmallnt ^ojtuguefe WtHobK&ojt, bntlj a ^emiMronlleaL 11. Salicaria Crerica, Punics folio. Caite bp Mtllo&vtoojt, totd; a pimfea Ileaf. 12. Salicaria orientahs, Salicis folio acu- riffimo 8c glabro. Rental MtHob^tDO#, Dritb a berp (Ijarp anb fmood; WUIotu IleaL This Genus is called Salicaria from its growing among Willows. Of the Firft Species Farkjnfon faith. That the diftilled Water is a prefent Remedy for Hurts and Blows on the Eyes, as alfo for Blindnefs, provided the cryftalline Humour or Sight it lelf be not perilhed or hurt: Which Experiment, he fays, was found true upon a Boy whofe Eye by chance was pricked, and reftord hereby. He that performed this Cure, and the like upon feveral Perfons, would not declare the Secret to any ; and therefore the Phyficians and Surgeons that undertook to cure Another hurt in the fame Manner, and refilling this Water, failed of their Cure, and left him blind whom they dealt with. The fame Author acquaints us. That it is of good Ufe to clear the Eyes from any Duft, or any other Thing got in¬ to them, and that it keeps the Sight from much Danger. It is alfo available againfc Wounds and Thrutts, if it be made up into an Ointment with May Butter, Wax, and Sugar, in this Manner : Take to every Ounce of the Water two Drams of May Butter without Salt, and Sugar and Wax of each as much alio ; let them boil gently together ; let the Tents be dipped into the Liquor that remains, after it is cold, and put into the Wounds, and the Part covered with a Linnen Cloth doubled and anointed with the Ointment: This, fays our Author, was proved on a Captain who was ftiot in two Places with Bullets, the one through his Breaft, the other through his Thigh, who was perfectly cured of both Wounds without any Scar, only by B b b b making <5 <5 4 7 he Cowpleat Herbal. making the Application aforefaid, when he could not be helped by other Remedies ap^ plied. It likewife cleanfes and heals all foul Ul¬ cers and Sores wherefoever, and ftayeth their Inflammations, by walking them with the Water, and laying on them a green Leaf or I wo in Summer , and dry Leaves in Winter. This Water gargled warm in the Mouth, and fometimes alfo drunk, cur£s the Quinfy and King’s-Evil in the Throat. The fame Water applied warm takes away all Spots, Marks or Scars in the Skin, which are caufed by the Meafles, Small Pox, or the like. Or laftly, this Water drunk when one is a-dry, or on a journey not having any Drink, will prefently quench Thirft. Lemery fays, That this Plant is cleanfing, aftringenr, vulnerary, cooling, proper for Inflammations, and for ^lengthening of the Byes.. TABLE GXXXI. GENUS IV., I Glaucium* is a Plant with a Rofc-Flow- ^ er A, generally confifting of four Leaves B, placed orbicularly : Out of whofe twe-leav’d Flower cup C, rifesthe Pointal D, which afterwards turns to a long, round Pod E, confifting only of one Gel], with the Valves F H, adhering to the intermediate Partition H, and full of Seeds I, which are commonly roundifh. There occur likewife Species of this Plant with Fruit having but one Cell, but which gapes or opens in four Parts. The Species of tiDfattCUtm are,' t. Glaucium flore luteo. ©laucutnt; Papaver corniculatum, luteum. j. B. 3 * 3 98'. Papaver corniculatum , majus. Bod. Pempt.448. Ijojaen J$cppp % The Root is about the Thicknefs of one’s Finger, long and blackilh, and full of yellow Juice, as is the whole Plant, which is nau- leous and bitter. The Leaves are thick and $iairy 3 a Span long, and four Fingers broad. like the Leaves of Montpelier Mullein , dented round the Edges, and deeply cut and notched, and as it were curled, grey and far. They lie upon the Ground, and are Proof againft the Winter Cold ; and luch of them as grow at the Root have thick Foot-ftalks, efpecially the firft Year when there is no Stalk, which, it produces firft the following Year, ftrong-, firm, fmooth and jointed, and divided into many Branches, Leaves coming forth from the Joints, fmaller than the former Leaves, and lefs cut the nearer they are to the Top, like fome of the Ivy Leaves. Gut of the Bofom of each break forth two Buds, bear¬ ing one individual Flower and Fruit One of them is again divided into Two in the fame Manner at the Bofom of the other Leaf ; and this Divifion holds in this Plane to the Tops of the Branches. Wherefore the fmal¬ ler and undivided Buds or Foot-ftalks bear each a fingle Flower of a yellow Colour, as big as rhe Flowers of Garden Poppy , confift¬ ing of four broad and very thiu Leaves: In the Middle of which, numerous Stamina of the fame Colour form a Head, from whence breaks forth a crooked, (lender, horned Pod, rough to the Touch, and a Palm and a half long ; equal to the Pod of Fenugreek but not^ending in fo (harp a Poinc, and blackilh at top, having a Head that bears fome Re- femblance to a feathered Arrow ; but *the Pad, which is blunt at the Point, has a deep Line cut at each Side running lengihwile 3> which are its Joinings, and which open wjien it is ripe. Within are contained Seeds of a very black Colour, like Poppy Seeds, in a double Row $ for the Pods have a Partition that runs longwifc. Xr grows wild in the Sands on the Sea- (hore, and no where elfe here in England,. It flowers and produces perfect Fruit in Summer . 2. Glaucium hirfutum, flore Pboeniceo. Ikatrp (DJattcumt, Untlj a purple colotiren ^lofter. Papaver corrniculatum , Pbceniceum, folio birfuto. ]. B. 3. 399. Papaver cornicula• tum y pheeniceum , hirfutum . C. B* Pin. 171V Papaver corniculatum , rulrum. Dod. Pempr. 449. The Leaf is jagged and deeply cut in like I{pcket Leaves, fmaller than the former, thin¬ ner and not fo hoary, but hairy. The Stalks are t * , »■*' vfr* 9 ' •«**'' *•■••** ’■ $ '5 ;ir>nax-J . Sbivv,; . .i •: . ■ I? , |pfi *< • • • •<%* % Slii-a : afl ?> || : - \ 1 *:■* }.'■■. , - . «*»-'***■ The Compleat Herbal. are fometimes as long as the former Kind, but more tender and flender, and lie along upon the Ground. The Flowers are fmaller, fometimes of a bright red Colour, and thele are the firft which the Plant produces when it begins to flower, and fometimes of a more faint and fomewhar pale Colour, tho’ ihe middle Leaves incline to a purple, fuch as is feen in the Flower called Adonis, vi%. after Midfummer , when the Plant begins to decay and lofe that Roughnefs upon the Stalk and Leaves: For otherwife, if you look upon the Plant in its Vigour when it begins to bear Flowers, and afterwards behold it at its full Growth and Maturity, you will be ready to imagine that they were different Plants, by reafon of the Hairinefs or Smooth- nefs of the Stalk, Branches and Leaves. To the Flowers lucceed very long Horns, di¬ vided into three Cells, upon which ftand a fort of broadilh Copes or Heads, in which are contained black rugged Seeds, larger than Popyy Seed*. The Root is long, white, and pretty thick, but is not perennial, but generally perifhes in the Winter after it has produced Seed. It grows in the Fields about Salamanca , by the Highways and on the Borders of the Fields, where it flowers in June , and feeds in July . It likewife grows wild about Vi - enna , and all over Moravia and Bohemia , in the Fields, £ $c. This Plant does not abound with yellow Juice. 3. Glaucium glabrum, flore Phoeniceo* gmtootl) dUlattctttm, tmtlj a purple j?IohL er* Papaver corniculatum, phceniceum, gla- hum , C. B. Pin. 171. Papaver eorniculatum, phceniceum , alter urn. Lob. Icon* 27. 4. Glaucium flore violaceo. dDTlttCUtttt tuft!) a utolc^colqurea jflolncr* Papaver corniculatum , violaceum . C. B. Pin* 172. J. B. 3. 399. Dod. Pempr. 449. The Leaves of this Species are much fmaller, tenderer, very finely cur, and not whitifli but green; The Stalks arc tender and fom£what hairy. The Flower is not firulkr than the former, of a blue purpls Colour, and much refembles that of black violet, very fleeting,- and blown away with the lead Breath of Wind. To this fucceed Horns only a Fingers Length, and commonly fnorter, fmall, hard, and furnifhed with ftiff Hair ; in which is contained very fmall Seed, of a' blackifli alh-colaur. The Root is flender and ufelefs, and continues not a- bove a Year. Clufiut found this in many Parts of Spain , but no where except among the Corn : It flowers in the Month of May. Mr. Bay ob- ferved it growing wild among the Corn* betwixt Swafbam and Burvtel in Cambridge" Poire. This Genus, which is the Papaver corni¬ culatum 1, is called Glaucium from Pliny, 1 . 20- c. 19. and therefore fince it could not be brought either to Poppy or Celandine , by reafon of the Form of its Fruir, it was thought proper to give it the Name of Glau¬ cium, which is derived from the Greeks Word yActvK®- exfm. Sea-green , becaufe the Leaves are of a fea-green Colour. The Firft Species is moft commonly*ufec£ in Phyfick, tho’ the others have much the fame Vertues. Diofcorides afliires us, That this Plant is diuretick ; and Galen affirms. That it is vulnerary and deterfive. But that Author cautions us not to ufe it in any other Cafe but to eat and confume the proud Fiefis of Ulcers. However, in Portugal it is pre¬ ferred to be drunk by tbofe who are fubjedfc to the Stone, in a Glafs of Whice Wine, in which half a Handful of the bruifed Leaves of this Herb have been infufed. The fame: Leaves bruifed are ufed in Provence for Ul¬ cers, and efpecially for Wounds and Sores in Horfes. Lemery informs us, That all the Species of it contain abundance of Oil and eflential Salt: And that they are refolving> being ap¬ plied externally- Bbbb 2 SECT The Co tuple at Herbal. SECT. IV. Of Herbs with a Rofe-plower, whofe Pointal turns to a Fruit with many Cells. TABLE CXXXII. Fig. i. GENUS I. Hypericum, CISC* is a Plane with a Rofe- Flower A, confifting of many Leaves B, placed orbicularly : Our of whofe tnany- leav’d Flower-cup C, rifes the Pointal D, which afterwards turns ro a Fruit E, that is generally three-corner’d and three-pointed F, three-cell’d G, and full of Seeds H, which are commonly fmall J. To thefe Marks muft be added, That two Leaves grow over a- gainft one another at the Joints. The Species of are, I. Hypericum vulgare. G B. Pin. 279. Common Hypericum vul¬ gar e five Perforata caule tot undo , foliis glabris. J. B. 3. 381* Hypericum. Dod. Pempr. 7 6. From a ligneous Root divided into many Parts, and covered with box-coloured Bark, rife many (tiff, ligneous, round, reddilh Stalks, divided into many Branches, a Cubit and a half high or better. The Leaves are fet on the Stalks in Couples oppofice to one another, without Foot-ftalks, like thofe of Marjoram or fmall Centaury , fmooth, and furnilhed with Nerves running lengthwife, and feem to have innumerable Holes in them, when held againft the Sun (for which Reafon this Herb is alfo called Perforata) of a dry and aftringent Tafte, with a Mixture of bitter. From Joint to Joint, or from an under Pair of Leaves on both Sides to the Nerve of an upper Pair of Leaves, runs a Line raifed up¬ on the Stalk, or a fort of Angle. The Flow¬ ers ftand in Clutters at the Tops of the Branches, being compofed of five radiated Leaves, and fringed, with many Chives of the fame Colour, larger and more fightly than rhofe of Afcyrum, fupported by Ihort or no. Foot-ftalks, and furnilhed with three Poimals. The Flower-cup confifts of five narrow fiiarp Segments. Small Seed of a dark red Colour is contained in oblong Heads refembling a Grain of Barley , and compofed of three Keels. Both the Flowers and the Heads yield a bloody Juice, if they are fqueezed. It grows in Thickets and Hedges. 2. Hypericum vulgare, guttis fanguineisj Bocc. Muf. Part. 2. 25. Tab. 11. CotifttttOit &t. 3Wn , $?tDo& Moofctea 3. Hypericum Nummularis folio. C. B. Pin. 2 79. tmtfj a JBennp* toOJt IlCaL Androfamum, fupinum, fax at He, Nummularia folio , averfa parte rubente . Bocc. Muf. Parr. 2. 134. Tab. pi. 4. Hypericum folio breviore. G B . Pin. 279. g>i}0Jt4eabtl &t. Hy¬ pericum Syriacum & Alexandrinum. J. B» 3. 383. Lob. Icon. 398. This Species bears Leaves four times lefs than our European St. tfohns-wort, which come forth at the Tops of Stalks a Cubit high, as clofe as they can ftand as it were in Wherles $ but the Flowers are yellow like ours. This Ihort Defcription is given by Lo¬ be /, but there is no fuller, that I know of, given by any Botanifl. Mr. tells us, He faw this Plant flower¬ ing in My Lord Charles Howard's Garden. Parl{infon by miftake confounds it with the Hypericum pulchrum of Tragus• 5. Hypericum crifpum, triquetro 8c cufpi- dato folio. Bocc. Muf. Part. 2. Tab. 12. Curt zd frt. tmtft a tl yw* colters aim pointeu Lear. Hypericum cef pitofuncrifpum , triquetro & cufpidato folio , caulem ambiente , five Hypericum frutefcens % foliis crifpis, mucronatis caulem ambient ibus. Ejufd.pag. 31. < 5 . Hype : lot. Iff 2 . t. Hypericum . H O 0 T I -T^r . J'3 c^ ^ Aftyrum ,«_X* 7£6en}r-/i>t77't7 a ,Vw 6 ® e l the Cowpl eat Herbal. 557 6. Hypericum minus, ere&um. C. B. Pin. 279. Smtali upjigtit &u Hypericum pu/chrum Tragi. }. B. 3 . 383 * Hy¬ pericum pule brum. Frag* 74* This Species has feveral hard ligneous Roots covered with a reddifh Bark, and white within. From thence rife Stalks nine Inches high and better, which are round and fmooth, reddifh on the lower parr, and branched, cloathed with Leaves oppofite to one another at Diftances* which embrace the Stalk with their broad Bottom, having a (harp Point, fo that they feem to be triangu¬ lar, of a dark green Colour on the upper Side, and greyilh underneath, fmooth, fmaller and firmer than in the common St. Johns - wort. On the Tops of the Stalks and Bran¬ ches are fet a few yellow Flowets refem- bling thofe of the common Kind, fupporred by very fhort Foot-ftaiks, and placed in the fame Manner at the Angles of the Divari¬ cations of the Stalk and Branches# The Pointal is Iikewife threefold, and the Seed- veflel alike, being compofed of three Cells. It grows in Thickets and Heaths, efpeci- ally in fandy and gravelly Ground. 7. Hypericum minus, fupinum, vel fupi- num, glabrum. C. B. Pin. 279. ttnib tUg §)t# Hypericum fupinum tertium , minimum. Cluf, Hi ft. clxxxi. From a fmall yellow Root, which is fome- times fingle and fometimes branched, and furnifhed wictTa few fmall Fibres like Hairs, it fends up a great many (lender, round and infirm Stalks, which lie upon the Ground, and are a Palm long and better, branched from the very Root, two Branches coming forth from the Wings of the oppofite Leaves which are again divided into other Branches. But the middlemoft Stalk is parted into two Branches, and each Branch again fubdivided into two other Branches in order ; and in the very Corners of the Divarications fit fingle Flowers on Foot-ftalks half an Inch long or ftiorter, confifting of five Leaves, ftar-falhioned and yellow, not much unlike the Flowers of Anagallis lutea> the Leaves being broadifh and ending in a Point, with many yellow Stamina in the Middle. The Flower-cup is five-Ieav’d, whofe Leaves grow larger after the Flower falls. To the Flowers fucceed Seed-veflels lhaped like thofe of common St. Jobns-wort, and Iikewife divided into three Cells. The fmall Leaves, which have the Shape and Colour of the former, are yet much fmaller, equal to the Leaves of Mother of Thyme , fmooth, not pierced with any Holc$_, nor marked with Spots. The rendsr Tops of this Plant yield a red Juice when bruifed, but not fo much as in the other Species. It grows in fandy barren and uncultivated Paftures and Fields. This little 'Plane is eafily diftingtjifhed frorri all the other Species of St. Johns- wort by its Smallnefs, the Multitude of its Stalks, which fometimes hide the Earth as ir were in a thick Turf, by its thin* fet Flowers, and by its feeble Stalks which lie upon the Ground. 8 . Hypericum fupinum, tomentofum, W jus vel Hifpanicum, C. B • Pin. 279. SL-ht greater o: g>pntftj trailing, floeftp !&t. Hypericum fupinum , tomento - fum> Hifpanicum. Cluf. Hift. clxxxi. This Plant is furnifhed with many hairy Stalks trailing upon the Ground, with nu¬ merous and thick-fet Leaves encompafling them, refembling thofe of common St. Johns - wort) but all over flocky and hoary. Its little Flowers, which are yellow, but paler and fmaller than in the common St. Johns - wort; ftrctch along the Branches ; to which fucceed Heads or Seed-vefifels like thofe of the common Kind. The Root is hard and' ligneous ; and even the Branches which are fpread upon the Ground put forth Fibres which take Root in the Earth. Ic grows in fome Valleys not far from Sa¬ lamanca, where Clufius found the flowering Plants fpreading fo wide, that they were as broad as the Circumference of a broad-brim’d Har. Clufius complains of Lohel for making the Plant which immediately follows to be the fame with this Spanifh St. Johns-wort : tho* it mu ft be confeffed, that both the Defcrip- tions and Figures of them agree; unlefs that this has more numerous and thick-fet Leaves upon the Stalks, and the following more thin-fet ; which however is not confiderable enough to make them different Species. 9. Hypericum fupinum, tementofum, minus vel Monfpeliacum. C. B. Pin. 279. 30 )t IdTet 0? Montpelier trailing, flcckp s>t. Hypericum tomentofum, J. B. 3. 384. Hypcriam The Conifleat Herbal. Hypericum fupinum] iomeneofum alterum . Cluf. Hift. clxxxi. This Species has a thickiih, ligneous and reddilh Root j many hairy and hoary Stalks a Palm or nine Inches long ; Leaves like thofe of common St. John s voort, but covered with a whitilh Down ; and fmaiier yellovvifn Flowers, with fiiorter Heads. Iz grows in the Me of Malta, t. of Rottnt £Dlpmpu£, Wit]) Ucabes Ijatrp about tl;e Cages. Wheeler makes this Plant to be different from his Conflantinopolitan Tutfan : For the latter has a Stalk a Foot high and better, whereas the former does not rife a Span above the Ground : The Leaves of the latter are like thofe of common St. John j* wort, but fmaiier ; whereas thofe of the for¬ mer have the Colour and Confiftency of common Tutfan, only they are longer and rougher; And laftly, which is chiefly to be obferved, the Seed-veflel of the latter is round, like that of common Tutfan; whereas that of the former is oblong, and divided in¬ to five Cells. 13. Hypericum elegantiflimum, non ramo- fum, folio lato. J. B. 3. 383* 2 Cjje tUOft beautiful &t. Scbn’g^toojt toritljout SBjan* cijes, lUttl) a bjoab lleaf. Androfcmum Campoclarenfe. Col. Parr. 1. 74. Androfccmum glabrum , non ramofum. Bot. Monfp. This is the Androfemum Matthioli • Park. The Root of this Plant is fmall, ligneous,' divided into many Parts, fibrous, writhed, producing two or three Stalks above a Cubic high, round, upright, fmootb, flender, and yet firm, having Leaves ac the Joints in Couples oppofite to one another, without Foot-ftalks, which are greenifh, without Holes, membranous and fmootb, with fmall - Veins The Compleat Herbal. 559 Veins foliated into an Arch derived from the middle Rib which runs quite along to the Point, and marked at the Edges on the un¬ der Side with little red Spots. At the Bot¬ tom of the Stalk the Leaves are rounder and fmaller, equal to thofe of common St.John s- xoort, but thicker-fee, by reafon of the Shorc- nefs of the Intervals, ftill growing larger to the Middle of the Stalk, more diflant from one another (the Intervals being a Palm and better) and more oblong, three Inches long, and almoft an Inch and a half broad : But from the Middle of the Stalk to the Top always decreafing, fmaller and narrower, till they become very fmall. The Flowers form a fort of an Umbel, while they are yet in their prime, after the manner of fmall Cen¬ taury, poflefling the very Top of the Stalk, when it is nor divided into Branches like . Hypericum, of a whitifh yellow Colour, not unlike the Flowers of common St. Johns-wort except in Bignefs, marked with black Spots along the Borders of' the Leaves and Flower- cups, in which thofe black Spots feem to be fupported by a very fine and very fhort Hair. When the Flowers fall, and the Top of the Stalk fttetebes it felf higher, thofe Wings, of which the Umbel is compofed, are divided, and feem to be above one another alternately 5 in which the Flower-cups have Fruit full of fmall black Seed. The Smell of the whole Plant, but efpe- cially of the Flowers and Fruit, is refinous: And the Flowers* Fruit, and Tops yield a black purple Juice, as in common St. Johns- wort. This Plant is not very rare in hilly Places, as for inftance, on Sr. Vincent's Rock near Briftel ; on the mountainous Thickets above the Town of Denbigh in Wales, and elfewhere both in the Weftern and Northern Parcs of England. 14. Hypericum ample, perfoliato folio. &t. wftft a large I'll ST Leaf. Androjemum amplo, perfoliato , folio. Bocc. Muf. Parc 2. 164. Androfemum Sambac perfoliato folio . Ejufd.Tab. 127. This Species bears Leaves adheFing to the Stalk without Foot-ftalks, which are large and pointed like the Sambac of the Arabians, like the Lobes of the Pbafeolus, but fmaller, and of a greenifh yellow Colour. The Stalk is taper and round, and about a Foot high ; The Flowers are numerous, and refemble thofe of common St. John 3 s-wort. It grows near the Monaftery of Pareus in ftony Places. 15. Hypericum Afcyron di&um, caule quadranguio. J. B. 3. 382. calRu afepjon, oi m. a qtta^aitplai* italic Afcyron. Dod. Pempt. 78. From a creeping, fibrous, reddifh Root it puts forth Stalks, like thofe of common St, Johris’wort , four-corner’d with four little Membranes or Wings running all along lengthwife, reddifh and branched. The Leaves are fhorter than thofe of common St. Jobn's-vtnrt^ but broader, efpecially at the Bottom, more nervous, but rifing and fmell- ing the fame Way, not pierced with any Holes,, and refembling the Leaves of Wood Marjoram . The Flowers are yellow and five-leav’d, above one half fmaller than 1 thofe of the mentioned Plant, the Leaves not being fringed, and having alfo a threefold Points!, and very fhort Foot-ftalks, and yielding a red Juice like Blood when fqueezed betwixt: your Fingers. The Seed-veflel is fmaller, but of the fame Shape, and compofed of’ three Cells, and full of fmall Seed. 1 6. Hypericum faxatile, tenuiflimo & glauco folio. mOCk tUUl) a imv frnail gw iteau coris lutea. c. B. - Pin. 280. Hypericoides , Coris quorundam , Coris legitima, Cretica. J. B. 3. 384* Cori le- gitimo di Diofcoride. Pon. Bald. leal. p8* This is the Ccris Matthioli. Park. This Shrub rifes with ligneous Branches like Heath , about the Bignefs of Thyme, or rather of Montpelier fair Heath Low-pine ;, which Branches are round, upright, divided into many Wings, and roundifh. The Leaves grow in Threes, and are radiated- at the joints at fmall Diftances, like thofe of Tree - heath . The Tops of the Stalks, which end in Branches, bear yellow Flowers like the other Species of Si. •fohns-wort, confiding of five radiated Leaves, with many Curls of yellow Chives poflefling the Middle. It re¬ tains green Leaves in the Winter, according to the Teftimony of Bellas. Under the. Flower ftand fmall green Leaves at the Boi-; tom. 17. Hypericum fetid urn frutefeens. IPS fyjttv Androfemum fecti dump, t^6o The Compleat Herbal „ fcetidum , capitiiHs longiffimts filament is donates* C. B. Pin. 280* But a Hypericoides quibufdam, Sicilian# affinis , five Tragium. J. B. 'y 385* Tragio legit imo di gli Antichi. Pon. Bald* ltd. 88 . This, is the Androfcemum fcetidum. Park. This is a Shrub beautiful to behold, riling three and fomecimes five Cubits high, with a round, fmootb, Stalk, which is branched and reddilh, and fometimes as thick as one’s Arm, and Leaves oppofite to one another at the Joints, twice as big as thofe of common St. John s wort, fmooth, nor at all pierced, and (linking, of a fomewhat acid Tafte, as jf. Bauhinus fancies. The Flowers are large, much like thofe of Siciliana , but four times as large, and yellow, with a great many fmal], yellow, curled Chives po(fefting the jMiddle. To which fucceeds an oblong, round Head, as big as the Fruit of the T«r- pentine-Tree, which is full of very fmall Seed, out of the Top of which iiTue long Stamina (which deferves to be taken notice of:) Thefe Heads do not fall from the Plant, but always (land upon ir. It grows in great plenty by the Sides of ^Springs and Brooks, not only in Crete , but likewife in Sicily and Calabria. The whole ’Plant fmells fo ftrong of a Goat, that it may be (melt at a great Diftance. In the Summer it (wears a little Rofin. Ic continues always .green ; and flowers in the Month of June . 18. Hypericum perfoliatum Sc perforatum. perfoliate anti pet*fo?ateu S>t. Bo UlCjt. Androfcemum perfoliatum & perforatum. G. B. Pin. 280. Androfcemum alterum , Apu- htm. Col. Parr. 1- 78. From a fibrous, reddifii, oblique Root it fends up feveral Shoots a Foot high and bet¬ ter, which are reddifii’and round; with a Border running along alternately from Joint to Joint, which makes the Stalks as if they -were corner’d ; which Scalks are divided from the Bottom into feveral Wings, on the Joints of which and of the Stalks are fee Leaves in Couples oppofite to one another alternately, in fo much that they feem to be perforated by the Stalk, as in the Pericly - pnenum and Androfcemum Campotlarenfe , but linalkr, (harper, and whiter underneath, fmooth, and marked on the Edges with al- moft imperceptible black Spors, likewife ■traofmiuing Light through the Pore c , as in the other Species. However," it differs from the reft 5 for the Leaves do not decreafe and become lefs at the Top of the Stalk, but ihvays grow larger and broader up to the very laft Point of the Stalk, and are hollow like a little Bafon, and dented round the Edges with fmall Teeth, which are fo fine that they almoft efcape the Sight. The Flowers are many, growing in Ciufters like Corymbi; and the Leaves of the Flower- cups and Flowers are marked with thofe very fmall black Spots, which are not raifed as in the Hypericum majus Matthioli .. The Ciu¬ fters of Flowers before they blow are more round and compadfc than the reft, but are fomewhat oblong when they begin to gape. It flowers in May and fune. The Leaves of the Flowers are hollow, and broader than the former, with Nerves running lengthwife, and alfo appear fpotted underneath like the Leaves of the Flower-cups. It produces ripe Fruit in May. This is a rare Plant, and but little known. 1 9. Hypericum Alpinum, humilius, magno flore pun&ato. mountain 8>t. imt> toitf) a large fpoctcu JLeaf. 20. Hypericum iatifolium, Lufitanicum.' v. Lufit. l^a& 4 eab 5 n pojtttguefe §>£♦ Bofin’^tOOJt. Hyp ericum Myrti acuto folio > jiculum. Bocc. Muf. Part. 2. 133. Tab. 92. 21. Hypericum Lufitanicum, Linariae folio. pouuguefe §>£♦ Bofjn’£4O0?t, Imtl; a ICoatLfiar Jleaf. 22. Hypericum tomentofum* Lufitanicum,' minimum. %\)t fmalleft floeftp j&o^tttgttefe £a>t. 23. Hypericum Creticum, fupinum, folio fubrotundo, flore magno. CaU&P trailing g>t. BoIjn’Mno^t, tnitl) a rounbifij Jlcar, anti a large plotter, 24. Hypericum Creticum, ampMImo fo¬ lio, nitido. Canop §>t. Bolm’^too^t, tm'tlj a tierp large finning Ileaf. Afcyroides. P. Alp. Exot. 17^. 25. Hypericum villofum, foliis caulem ambiemibus acutis, cseteris vero circinatis. LJoarp bt. Bloijn 5 ^tno:t, tmdj fijarp ^ealieonmcompaffing tlje ©talk, ans tlje refi eracdp rouno. - 26. Hypericum orientale, foliis fubrotun- dis, auritis, cauli adhaeremibus. £Djietttal Bolin’^tnojr, mid) ratntufij eareu 2UnPeg altering to dje S&talk 27. Hype- The Couple at Herbal . 561 27. Hypericum orientale, Ptarmicte foliis. Rental &t* tout) fence?* toojt Nealies. 28. Hypericum orientale, fostido fimile, fed inodorum. flDtfental fet. like t\)t fiinttins tens, but tottljout femeH. 25?. Hypericum orientale, faxatile, Majo- ranae folio. £Djteiltai tOC'k &£♦ Jcljn’S!* tott!) a ^ario:am lleaf* 50. Hypericum orientale, Androfaemo hir* fiuo fimile, fed glabrum. ©Rental fe£* Jolm^toojt, refenMng ^trp SCutfan, but fmootl). 31. Hypericum orientale, Polygoni folio. ^fental fee. Sotm’&too#, tottlj a ¬* grafe 3 leaf. 32. Hypericum orientale,' caule afpero, purpureo. flDjteiltal &!♦ tottl} a rottglj purple feralk. 33. idem, Linariae folio. %{)C fatTtfj llUtlj a CoaMar 3 lcaf* 34. Hypericum orientale, Rorifmarini fo¬ lio giauco. Rental fet. tutffj a grep Mofemarp lleaf. 3^. Hypericum orientale, foliis Coris in- rortis, 8c plurimis ab eodem exortu. flD & entai fee* Jotyn’^tooit, toitlj tbe ttoiftea &eate> of fair Igcatl) loto pine, maun riling at tlje fame ^lace. Coris foliis crif- pis montis Olympi. Wheel. Itin. 3 6. Hypericum orientale, flore magno. Rental’ fee* JoljnsVtoojt, toid) a large 5 ?l 0 t 0 et% Hypericum montis Olympi . Wheel. Itin. 37. Hypericum orienrale, latifolium, fub- hirfutum, caule purpureo, villofo, ^Djteittal b^oatJ4eab’0, fometoljat Ijatrp fee. 3ol;n’s* too?t, tottlj a purple Ijairp fetalk* This Genus is called in Greeks Hypericon , which the Latins have retained ; and fome have called it Ftigad.cmonum , fuperftitioufly imagining that it will drive away Devils; and fome call it Perforata , or Porofa, from the many fmall Holes that are to be feen in the Leaves. But we find, That in the Time of Diofcorides, the Name Hypericum was given to five feveral Herbs, vi%. pjita fylveftris , Onobrychisy Hypericum , Afcyrum and Coris > as may be feen in his Commentaries: And as to this Hypericum alfo, he fays, That in his Time it was called Androfxmum (from the bloody Juice which the Flowers yield;) and Chamapytis (from the refinous Siitell of th e Seed and Heads •) and yet all thefe Herb 5 are feverally defcribed by Diofcorides, in fe¬ veral Chapters of his Commentaries. The Firft Species is that which is com¬ monly ufed in Shops, and efteemed of great- eft Vertue in Phyfick. It drys and warms ; confifts of fubtle Parts, is diuretick ar.d vulnerary. It is ufed,chiefly in cleanfing and consolidating Wounds, both externally and internally j in refolving coagulated Blood ; in breaking the Stone in the Kidneys; in driving out Worms; (vi%. if it is gathered when it is at its Heighth of Vigour, for other wife it wants that Facul¬ ty :) Externally, in Conrufions, efpecially of the Nerves, in Trembling, and in ealing the Pains of Child-bed, by fmeiling to the Smoak of it. Schrod. Paracclfus ranks it amongft the Herbs that prevent Witchcraft and Apparitions 5 and di- re&$. That it fhould be gathered under the Influence of Mars , Jupiter , and Venus, (but by no means under that of the Moon) early in the Morning ; and teaches the feveral Ufes of it. He fays, That it is to be ufed inftead of an Amulet, that it is to be put into one's Hat, to be laid under one's Pillow in the Nighc, to be often fn>eii*d to, to be ftrewed up and down the Houfe, to be hung up upon the Walls, ( 3 c. Of this Herb are prepared : 1. Diftilled Water from the Leaves and Flowers, ga¬ thered in the End of June. 2. Oil from the Infufion of the Flowers in common Oil. 3. Salt from the whole Plant burnt to Alhes. 4. A Tindture. Hoffman tells us, That this Herb given in form of an Eflence it good in an Apoplexy, Epilepfy, Melancholy, Hypochondriacy, Pofleflion, Green-ficknels, ( 3 c. And allures us, That he experienc’d its Antidsemoniack. Vertue upon one Kjutterling , by reaching to him two Veflels, in one of which he had dropt fome Drops of the Eflence of the Flowers of St. fohnis-rvort ; againft which the Patient fliewed fo much Averflon, that he would not fo much as look at it, far lefs was he able to tafte it. This fame Patient inftantly tore to pieces a Cap, in which were fewed the Tops of the Herb St. Jobns-voort . That red Venetian St. John s wort Oil, whofe Vermes cannot be too much extolled, C c c c which $6 2 The Compleat Herb a!. which is prepared from this Plant, is of excellent Ufe, not only in external and in¬ ternal Wounds, but alfo in other A#e#ions, as in Gripings of the Guts arifing from a cold Caule, in the Sciatica, Gout, tertian and quartan intermitting Fevers, if the Back¬ bone be anointed with it warm. Three or four Drams of it given in Wine expells the dead Fcettu. And this Oil is likewife good to rub upon the Back and Plague Sores, when any" one is feized with that Difeafe j land two Drams of it are ro be given in¬ wardly to fuch as are newly infe#ed with this Contsgion. The Leaves, Flowers and Seeds damp¬ ed fays our Gerard , and put into a G!afs with Oil Olive, and fee in the warm Sun for feveral Weeks together, and then ftrained from thofe Herbs, and the like Quantity of new put in, and (tinned in like manner, doth make an Oil of the Colour of Blood, which is a mod precious Remedy for deep Wounds, and thofe that are through the Body, for Sinews that are pricked, or any Wound made with a venomed Weapon. I am accuftom- ed, continues he, to make a compound Oil ' hereof; the making of which, fays he, ye Shall receive at my Hands, becaufe that I know in the World there is not a better ; no, not Natural Balfam it felf ; for I dare undertake to cure any fuch Wound as ab- iolutely in each refpe#, if not fooner and better, as any Man whatfoever (hall or may \vith Natural Balfam. Take cf White Wine two Pints, of Oil Olive four Pounds, of Oil of Turpentine ewo Pounds, the Leaves, Flowers and Seeds of St. John’s-wort, of each two great Hand¬ fuls gently bruited ; put them all together into a great double Giafs, and fee it in the Sun eight or ten Days ; then boil them in the fame Giafs per balneum Marine, that is, in a Kettle of Water, with fome Straw at the Bottom, wherein the Giafs mud ftand to boil *, which done, drain the Liquor from the Herbs, and do as you did before, put¬ ting in the like Quantity of Herbs, Flow¬ ers and Seeds, but not any more Wine ? And fo have you a great Secret for the Pur- pofes aforefaid. Thus Gerard. The Leaves of this Plant are ftiptick and a little faltilh ; they contain a Salt much of *hv Nature of Sal ammoniac^ j but it is united with a good deal of Earth, and dif- folved in a Liquor like the Spirit of Tur¬ pentine : For the transparent Points which appear on the Leaves of this Plant, and which feem to be fo many Holes, the black Points or Spots which are upon the Edges of its Flowers, and the Tubercles which we find on its Fruir, ought to be reckoned as lo many Bottles full of that Liquor. It is not therefore furprifing, that St* ; fobns-mrt is vulnerary, decerfive, diurecick, febrifugous, and very proper for the Vapours. This Plant is diddled, and there is made of it an Oil and an Extra#: The Oil is either fim- ple or compound. The Simple has been de- feribed already. As for the compound Oil, you mud infufe a Pound of the Tops of this Plant in two Pounds of Oil and one Pound of Rofe Wine ; after being macerated three Days, you mutt boil it in balneo Marix^ till all the Wine is confumed; you mud make three Infufions in the fame Manner, and in the lad dilute a Pound of Venice Turpentine, and four Scruples of Saffron. Tbefe Oils are excellent for all Sorts of Wounds : Half an Ounce, or an Ounce, is preferibed to be drunk for a Spitting of Blood, or the Bioody-flux. For the Sciatica, the Rheumatifm, and fuch like Didempers, it is ufual to rub the Part affe#ed with two Ounces of the Oil of St. Johns-wort y and one Ounce of good Spirit of Wine ; this Mixture is very refolving. In order to make the Extra# of this Plant, you mud take its Flowers before they are blown; put them to diged for two Days in good Spirit of Wine ; prefs out the Infufion, and let it eva¬ porate to the Confidence of an Extra#. The Dofe of this is from a Scruple to a Dram. Angelas Sal a preferibes the Ufe of this in Madnefs, in melancholy ro ! raving Fits which come without a U :•* r any other trunifeft Cauie. Some nave given this Plant the Na l .unum, becaufe they fancied » cure luch as were p, : "puirs^ But it is good to obk; v; Sort of People are either In . • us, or really dii;ra#ed arid ^ and generally (peaking, . < h are reckoned good' for pieof ; ^s, are excellent for Vapours, : ■ end for Melancholy, The Dec o , . f Ams- wort y \ i ■f i i * ’ - - ■ f i / Pyrola. car ® E H &y D am afo mum .£&. • (5S Fag. <& d G The Commie at Herbal . $6 wort, the diddled Water cf this Plant, and the Infufiou of its Seed, kill Worms and provoke Urine. This Plant is ufed in the Antinephritick Syrup of M. Chants, and in the aperitive and cacbe&ick Syrup of the fame Author, in the Syrup of Mugwort , and in the Powder which Paulmier has prefcribed for Madnefs, in the Theriaca Andramachi , and in the T heriaca reformata of Mr. Char as, in the Mithridate, in the compound Oil of Scorpion , in the Vnghentum Marti alum, and in the Mundificative of SmalUgc. Tournefort . The Deception cf the Herb drunk for forty Days, or the Powder of the Seed, cures the Jaundice and the Gout, is excellent for the Scone, kills the Worms in the Bowels, and endows the Blood with a balfamick Quality. D. Bowie, The Tin&ure of the Flowers of Se. John's- wort taken inwardly, is an excellent Remedy for Madnefs. Sal a, Grembs. It has the fame Effed: in Melancholy. D. Needham. Among the various Vertues of St.John s- wort, T. Bartboiinus tells us. That he learnt this one of a noble Lady, That it is a moft excellent Remedy for expelling Worms if the Flowers irifufed in Spirit of Wine be adminidred to fuch as are troubled with them. But this is no new Experiment: For both Cameraritts and others have commended the Juice of St. John's wort for killing of Worms, as we have feen above. Lemery fays, That the Tops of th ; s Plant when in flower, are often ufed in Pbyflck ; That they give a red Tin&ure to Oils, to the Spirit of Wine, and other fulphurous Liquors $ and that they contain abundance of balfamick Oil and effcntiai Salt. The fame Author tells us. That they are aperitive, deterfive, and vulnerary ; that they provoke Urine, and the Terms in Women ; That they expel Worms, refill Poifon, for¬ tify the Joints, and are proper for the Ne- phritick Cholick ; and laftly, That they are ufed both inwardly which are generally oblong and fmall. The Species of §££. are. 1. Afcyrum magno flore. C. B. Pin* Prodr. 130. ^eter’g* tUDJu Andre fan am flore & theca quinqus- capfulari , omnium maximis. Mor. Hid. Oxon. Parr. % 572. 2 . Afcyron exigno folio, flore magno* SsW* tint!) a fmall Leaf, nun a Luge jHolnru Hypericon Olympi mantis* Wheel. Itin, An Afcyron magno flore , Park. 3. Afcyrum ereftum, Salicis folio, mac no flore. &£. )0?C, ttfUl) a Millet)) lieaf, ana a large jflctoer* The Grammarians will have this Plant to be called Afcyron from the Greeks Word tfWp© - , which fignifies Roughnefs, and die privative Particle d; as if you Ihould fay, A Plant that has no Roughnefs, but is per¬ fectly fmooth. It has the fame Vertues with St. John's* wort, but in a lower and fainter Degree ; and therefore is more feldom ufed. TABLE CXXXIII. Fig- i. GENUS III. Pyroia, iBfifter-green* is a Plant with a Rofe- ^ * Flower A, confiding of many Leaves B, placed orbicularly : Out of whofe Flower- cup G, rifes the Pointal D, ending in & Probofcis E, which afterwards turns to a roundilh Fruit F, which is channelled, ge¬ nerally umbellared, and confiding of five CC\ The Compleat Herbal. Cells G, and full of Seeds that are comn only Threads. The Head grows in time robe fmail H. five-corner’d, containing Seed like the for- ‘ - mer. The Species of are, T. Pyrola rotucdifidia major. C. B. Pin, Tpi. 0:cac nutn& 4 ea!x& Mtnter^rfen. Pyrola, j. B. J. 535. Dod. Pempc, 138. This is the Pyrola nofir as vulgaris. Park. It fpreads five or fix Leaves upon the Ground, which are roundifh, as large as a Pear Leaf, thick, of a black-green Colour, fmooth and fhining on the upper Side, and reftlng on Foot-iiaiks almoft a Palm long : among which rifes a Stalk nine Inches high, cornered, furnifhed with fome fmall lliarp Leaves not divided into any Branches, bear¬ ing a Thyrfus of beautiful Flowers, which are five-Ieav’d, whitifh, and almoft like Or¬ chis Flowers, the two upper Leaves refem- bling a Helmer, or rather a Label cur in two, with many faftron Chives pofftfting the Mid¬ dle ; out of which comes forth a crooked Pointal bending downwards, and reprefent- ing as it were a Probofcis. To the Flowers fucceed cornered Heads full of fine Duft. The Tafte of the whole Piant is bitter, nor without a notable Aftringency. This Plant is found in many Parts of the 'North of England. It grows in great plenty near the Town of Halifax. Mr. Bay ga¬ thered ir on the Hills near Geneva , and in the hilly Forrefts in many Parts of Germany. We meet with it ofner with us here in Eng¬ land in moffy Moors among the Heath , than jn Woods-. 2, Pyrola rotundifolia, minor. C. B, Pin. 791. gmrall mmtL'Ieatffc CTtnfavcrreen. Pyrola minima , Alpina. J. B. 3* 53 ^* Pyrola quartan minima. Cluf. Hift. cxvii. This little Pyrola has a creeping Root like the. former, and riling up in feveral Places $ from whence fhoot up feveral Stalks, about two or three Inches high, bare for fome Space; in the Middle whereof are fee at feveral Joinrs two or three Leaves apiece, each being final- 3er, rounder, and thinner than the former, a little fnipt about the Edges ; and at the Tops {lands only one Flower apiece, compofed of five round white Leaves, fomewhat larger than the firft, verV like the Flower of the ParnaJJus-grafi , having feveral yellow Chives in the Middle encompaflmg a green Head, which has a Pointal at top parted into five 3. Pyrola folio mucronato, ferrato. C. B. Pin. 191. ftu!) a pcfnmi ants fcemftl Leaf. Pyrola folio Jerrato. j. B. 3 536. Pyrola Jecuvda , tenerior. Cluf. Hift. cxvii. This is the Pyrola tenerior. Park. This tender or fender Winter-green rifes from a fmall Root like Coucb-grafs , creeping feveral Ways under-ground/ with feveral weaker and more fiender Stalks than in the former ; on which are fet fomewhat longer, pointed Leaves, which are dented round the Edges, nothing fo hard to the Touch, but otherwife very like the former: On the Tops of the Sralks ftand feveral white Flowers like the former, but fmalier, as are alfo the five-corner*d Heads that fellow, in which is contained fuch-like dufty Seed. Mr. Bay obferved this Piant on thejdills near Geneva, and in the mountainous Forrefts not far from Confians towards Scaphaufen. He fufpe&s that it is the fame Plant which D. Witham found growing in Hafelwcod in York'fhire , and (hewed him 5 for that the Leaves were fmalier than in common Winter- green, and pointed, and gently dented round the Edges, and fprang up in Ihady Places. 4. Pyrola frutefeens, Arbuti folio. C. B. pin. 1 pi. g>lj2ttb OTtntcr^rcen, tornl) a ^tX^XbtCtfAtCt Leaf. Pyrola fruticans. J• B. 3. 536. Pyrola] ter tin, frutefeens. Cluf. Hilt, cxvii. This is a moft beautiful Plant, which fometimes comes to be a Shrub ; for the new and Ihort Branches, which fucceed one ano¬ ther every Year, continue firm and green fome Years, and appear above the Earth, till at laft being preft down with their own Weight, they lie down and hide themfelves in Mofs, and put forth Fibres. There are Leaves let commonly at each Joint, where new Branches come forth ; which Leaves grow in Couples, Threes, and Fours, being flelhy, of a deep green Colour above and Ihining, much refembling the Leaves of Spurge Latvrel both in Figure and Size, but gently dented round the Edges, of a very diying Tafte, and then birterilh, like the other Species. Out of the Middle of thefe commonly come forth new Buds in the Month April y which are furnilhed with little Leaves "the Compleat Herbal . 565 Leaves like Scales, and afterwards turn to little Rods $ on which (land three, four, and fometimes live Flowers like the Flowers of common Winter-green, but fomewhat larger, of whicifti purple Colour : To which luc- ceed five-cornerd Heads, full of Seed like Savings, which wither with their Rods in Winter. The Roor, or rather the little Stalks hid under the Mofs, fpread for and wide upon the Surface of the Earth, *nd thence fhoot down Fibres. It grows in great plenty in the Woods near Ent^rftorf Caftle, fometimes among the com¬ mon Kind. This Genus, which is not honoured with any Greek Name, is called in Latin Pyrola from the Refemblance of its Leaves to thofe of the Pear-tree. « The Firft Species is moft ufed in Phyfick, and of that the Leaves, which are of a cool¬ ing, drying, aftringenr, confolidating and vulnerary Vertue. Ic is very much cele¬ brated both for internal and external Ufe. Schrod. Winter-green , fays Parkjnfon, is very cold and drying, and exceeding aftringent, and glutinous withal; whereby it is a moft lingu¬ lar Remedy for green Wounds, to confolidate their Lips fpeedily, either the green Leaves bruifed and applied by themfelves, or the juice of them, or a Salve made of the green Herbs ftamped, or the Juice boiled with Axungia or Hogs-lard, or with Sallad Oil and Wax, and fome Turpentine added to it ; which is fo foverergn a Salve for all manner of Wounds and Sores, that the Ger¬ mans ufe it exceeding much, and extol it beyond any other Salve made of a limple Herb : They hkewife ufe it for inward Wounds or Hurts, being boiled either^ by it felf or with other Wound-Herbs, as Com - frey, Moufi-ear, Burnet , Periwinkle , Tomentill , Horfe-tail , Avens , Ladies mantle , Be tony. A- grimony , Madder Roots, Golden Bods, and. the like ; wherewith they ufe to heal whofoever is wounded, either in the Body or Bowels, or any other Part, by giving them to drink of fuch a Deception. The Herb boiled in Wine and Water, and the Decoction given to drink to fuch as have any inward Ulcers in their Kidneys, or Neck of the Bladder, docs wonderfully relieve them ; it likewife flops Fluxes, whether of Blood or of Humours, as the Lask, Bloody Flux, or Womens too abundant Courfes ; as alfo the bleeding of Wounds ; and both takes away any Inflam¬ mation ariling upon the Pains of the Hurt, and hinders any from riling, being prefently applied after the Hurt received ; it is no lefs celebrated for foul Ulcers hard to be cured, as alio for Cancers and Fiftula's. The di- ftillcd Water of the Herb doth effectually perform the fame Things ; and fome keep* the dried Herb to ufe in Decodtions, or to make into Powder to drink. Thus Parkin* fon. Winter-green , fays Lcmery , is very aftrin¬ genr, vulnerary, cooling, and proper for Fluxes, for Ha^norragies, for the Inflamma¬ tions of the Breaft, being taken either in In- fuflon or Powder. It is alfo ufed externally in Plaifters and in Ointments for flopping of Blood, and for drying up of Wounds. TABLE CXXXIII. Fig. 2. GENUS. IV. Damafomum. r\ 3 marontum is a Plant with a Rofe- ^ Flower A, commonly confiding of three Leaves B, placed orbicularly : Out of whole Flower-cup rifes the Pointai C, which after¬ wards turns to a Scar-fhaped Fruit D, with, many Cells E F, and full of Seeds which are generally oblong G. The Species of JSDamafonUttU are, 1. Damafonium ftcllaturr. Lugd. 1058. Damafonium ftelhtum Dalechampii. J*B. 5. 78p. Plantago aquatica ftellata. C« B* Pin*. 3 90 . * &tacd; cases Waceivplantatrn This Plant has little fibrous Roots collect¬ ed into a Bunch like Water-p'amain, from whence come forth Leaves upon Foot-ftalks a Palm long, refembling the Leaves of Wa¬ ter-plant ain but much fmalier, and fometimes feathered at the Inferrion of the Fcot-ftalk* The Stalks are fmall, a Palm and a half or nine Inches long, rouricl, naked, and jointed with Knots at long Intervals : Out of whofe Joints, and on the very Tops of the Stalks,, break forth radiated Foot ftalks an Inch long, v (landing in. a Circle, on each of which ftands a. Sue $66 The Compleat Herbal. a Star confining of five or fix Rays, which is moft beautiful and refembles the Stars of the Ai\oum peregrinum. Cam. The Rays of thefe Srais are nothing elfe but Pods or mem¬ branous Seed-vcffels containing fmall yel- lowifli Seed. It is found in (landing Water, but rarely ; and grows in great abundance in a Pool or* Fifh-pond near the High-way as you go into P^imford, a little Town in EJJex. 2. Damalonium Americanum, maximum, Plantaginis folio, flore fiavefcente, fru&u giobofo. plum. American Datita^ fonttmt, tmtlj a plantain leaf, a ftb ioiwfi) JTloincr, aitn a globular fruit. this Plant contains abundance of Oil and Phlegm, and a little eflentiai Salt. It is de- tcrfive, aflringenr, cooling, and being applied ro Womens Breads is proper to put away the M.Jk. TABLE CXXXIV. Fig. I. GENUS V. Ruta, Eue. 13 ©.0 is a Plant with a Rofe-Flower A, ^ commonly confiding of four Leaves B, which are hollow and placed orbicularly : Out of whofe Flower-cup C, rifes the Poin- tal D, which afterwards turns to a roundifh Fruit E, which is generally four-corner’d, ^ompofed H, of four Cells F, fixed to an Axis G, and full of Seeds not feidom in the Shape of a Kidney I, or cornered. The Species of HUC are, I. Ruta hortenfis, latifclia. C. B. Pin . 33 6. CFamn Hue. fatha vel hortenfis . J. B. 3. ipy. R«M Graveolens , hortenfis. Dod. Pempt. lip. This is a Shrub, or rather Under-fhrub, with a Stem one or two Cubits high, about the Thicknefs of one’s Finger, of an Afh- colour, and divided into many Branches : In the Beginning of the Spring it puts forth from thefe many long, round, very green and flex¬ ible Shoots: On the Tops of which, to¬ wards the End of the Springy and in the Summer are Flowers in the like Order, like V'feOJe of Wallflower) but fmaller, confiding of four and fometimes five yellow Leaves hollow like a Spoon, the hollow Side being uppermoft. In the Middle of the Flower is a Head divided into four and fomecimes in¬ to five Parts, of a green Colour, and having a fmall Point : From its lower Part come forth eight or ten yellow Stamina , the mid- dlemoft of which reaches above the Conca¬ vity of the Leaves, but the reft are inferted in the Intervals betwixt the Leaves. In the Heads is contained fmall Seed, of a roundifh Figure fomewhac oblong, and of a black Colour. On all the Branches grow fmaH blueifh Leaves on long Foot-ftalks, not ran¬ ged in any regular Order, cut into feveral unequsl Parts, fofc and fat ; the mod Part of which do not exceed half an Inch in Length, and nor quite fo much in Breadth. The Root is divided into many Parts, with many Fibres and Capillamenrs hanging at it, and is of a yellow Colour. It is green the whole Winter , the Leaves not decaying till new ones fpring forth fn the Spring , at which Time alfo the Shoots wither which bore rhe Seed. The Tops breath a piercing, aromatics!, and withal a {linking Smell, and warm the Mouth with a bitter, burning, and pene- trsing Tafte; but efpecially the green Heads of the Flowers. 2. Ruta hortenfis, latifolia, arbufeube fi- milis. C. B. Pin . 33 6. S^Oat^ICatLSf, gat^ text, (fottMike Htar. 3. Ruta hortenfis, altera. C. B> Pin. 116. jHuoiljCr gat&Stt Mtte. Hjita tenuifdia. Ta- bern. Icon. 133. Parkjn/on is of opinion. That it differs not in Specie from the great wild I\ue which im¬ mediately follows, but only in Culture. It rifes with lower and fmaller Stalks than the Firft 5 and has fmaller and darker green Leaves. It feidom flowers in this Country, has not fo flrong 3 Smell, nor quite fo bitter , a Tafte. Thus it is deferibed by Parkjnfon ; bat Cordus differs a little from him. It an- fwers in every refpetft, fays be, to broad- leav’d Rue, only that it is much fmaller in all its Parts ; for it has Leaves divided into fmall Parts like Fumitory, but does not fpread fo wide. That deferibed by Parlfinfon feems to be nothing elfe but the great wild Rile tranfplanted and cultivated in Gardens. If there is any Species betwixt the garden and Ruta. Rttc> . i. E KSBt. ' Harmala B H % G iJi -- . ■’ * * ■ . -«**- » •• »**» 4 *.> The Compleat Herbal. $6 7 the great wild Rue] differing both in its Leaves and Heads, it is yet a Stranger to us. 4. Ruta fylveffris major. C. B. Pin• 33c. j. b. 3. ip9. d 3 ’?eat unto Mtie* Puta />l- veflris graveolens Ood. Pempr. 123. This wild Rye is in all Refpedts like the garden Rue, but much lower and (mailer ^ the Leaves aifo are divided into narrower and longer Segments, of a darker green Co¬ lour, and not fo much on the A(h-colour. The Sralk is ffrong and ligneous, in the na¬ tural or native Soil, much more than in thefe cold Climates, but riles not near fo high as our garden Kind. It has a ftronger and more naufeons Tafte and Smell tkan the garden Kind. The Heads whirls fucceed the Flowers are much larger than thofe of the other wild Species, and are four corner'd like the other. The Flowers fhetnfelves are yellow, and ccnfift of four yellow Leaves. It grows on the craggy Hills about Mont - pelier and Nifmes ; and Mr. Ray obferved it in Switzerland, near a Town called Majfa. 5. Ruta Chalepenfis, latifolia, fiorum pe talis villis fcatenribuv. II. L. Bat. HBjOak* Irak’s l\tte of afeypo, laid) tlje Mftses of itjs jTIotterg beltc^il) ©atom. 6. Ruta Chalepenffs, tenuifolia, florum petalis villis fcatentibus. Mjt. Htft. Oxon. Part. 2. 508. JParrotefeato t» Hue of po, talmto* dje Pirate of its Jrlolxier^ ‘ Met Oatti) JDo&u. 7. Ruta montana, fpinofa, Coriandri folio, fiore aibo. Bccc. Muf. Part. 2. 70. mottmam Lufdj a Ccdanter ^leaf, auO a tuljite J^lotoer* Ryta montana , fpi - no/a 3 alba. Ejufd. Tab. 55 ?* 1 his Plant produces many hard and (harp Prickles, like the T hlajpi fpinvfum fruticofum. Lob. and was obferved by Boccone in Corfica on the Afcent of the Hill Cofcione , and on Monte rotundo above the Village of Corte, near a Spring. The Flower is white, and the Smell of the Leaves is much the fame with that of our wild Rj/e. The Plant is perennial, of a pale green Colour, and about a Yard high. The Leaves are reundffh like thofe of Coriander. 8. Ruta fylveffris, Limfclia, Hrpanica. Rue. Ma/, Pare, 2. 82. Tab. 73: ifUMeatfo, bymty Iftae. The Smell of the Leaves, and the Refem- blance of the Flowers and Seeds, entitle this Plant to a Place among the Species of Rye . It grows in Spain in barren Places, and rifes more than a Span above Ground. 5?. Ruta orienralis, Lioarite folio, (lore parvo. flDjtental Iftuc, tint!) a SCoaMat 2leaf, anto a Cmall J?loto3er. Ruta , TTay&vov, is dcubtlefs of a Gree^ Ori¬ ginal, fence we read pvU in Atheneeut, and the Interpreter of the Tberiaca of Nicander, and Jfolas a very antjent Greek, Author, write in their Peloponncfiacly , Thar what was called TTiiyavo'/ all over Greece , the Peloponnefans called pu]ri. And Varro , Lib. 4. de L. L. fays, Quce in hortis Kafcuntur alia peregrinis vcca- bulis , ut Gr^cis, Ocimum , Menta 3 Rtta 9 quam nunc vrhyd.vov appellant , &c. Now Ruta comes from pcco Servo, as Dx- ofcorides informs us, becaufe it preferves the Health. They fay that this Herb was called ?r»- y&vov frem its Property, becaufe by its Drynefs and Heat it condenfcs and coagu¬ lates 'the Seed. And therefore it is perni¬ cious to Women with child. Plutarch. I he Four Firft Species are ufed i-n Fhy- (ick, but the Firft and Third are moft cele¬ brated. The whole Plant has a very ftrong Smell, and fo great an Acrimony, that when it is gathered, it will penetrate through three Gloves, and leave its Smell cn the Hand : And if any one rubs his Face with the Hand that gathered it, it will immediately raife a violent Inflammation, as Diofcoridts has juft- ly obfetved. It warms and dries powerfully ; it cur?^ attenuates, digefts, difeuffes, is alexiphar- mack, cephalick, and proper for Difeaies of the Nerves, Its chief Ufe is in curing and preventing various Difeafes, fuch as the Plague and other malignant Diftempers, in preventing Poifon, fharpening the Sighr, re- ftraining Luft, curing the Pieurify, corredl- ing the Weaknefs of the Stomach, removing the Cholick, curing the Bite of a mad Dog,. It is ufed outwardly for the B.rings of Serpents, Carbuncles, in the Fits of Agues (being anointed on the Back) in the Head-ach proceeding from Excefs in eating or drinking, xn the Megrim* in mai gnaw Fevers (mixing $68 The Cotnpleat Herbal. it with Sale and Vinegar, and fomenting the being either infufed in Wine, according to Pulfe with it) in Pains of the Head caufed by burning and malignant Fevers, being laid to the Soles of the Feet in the fame Man¬ ner. N. B. It does harm to big-bellied Women, if it be ufed too much internally. Schrod. Of this Herb are prepared : i. Diftilled Water from the Plant with the Stalks ga- that Verfe of the fame Scbola Salernitana> Salvia cum Rut a faciunt tibi pocula tuta . or ufed in any other Manner. i. The Conferve of Rue is made after this Manner: Take of the Tops and Leaves of green Rue one Ounce, of double refin’d Sa- thered in the Month of May, 2. Diftilled gar three Ounces; beat the Tops and Leaves Oil, with Water. 3. Infufed Oil, from the Herb infufed in common Oil. 4. Salt from the incinerated Plant. 5* Vinegar, by Infu- fion. 6 . Bilfam, from the diftilled 0:1. Id. The warm Deccdlion of Rfte in Wine is a good Gargle for rotten Teeth, and fcotv butick Gum?. It likewife carries off' crude Humours in the Stomach. Tab ern cement anus in a Stone Mortar with a wooden Peftle . When thefe are very well beat, put the Su¬ gar reduced to Powder to them ; then beat them ail together, till they be reduced to one Body, and then fet them in the Sun in a Glafs Box for a Month. Of this take half an Ounce falling againft the Plague. 2. The Vinegar is made thus : Take the affirms, That Rue provokes Lull in Women. Tops with the Leaves, lay them upon a Lin- Lib. i« He) bar . Set}. 4. cap. 32. ( We know by Experience, fays J. Bauhi- t?us, that I{ue is difearded from Tables, and is of no Ufe in the Kuchin, by reafon of its difagreeable Smell and burning Tafte, which make us loath it. But becaufe it refills all Sorts of Poifons, it is therefore the peculiar Theriac of the poorer Sort : For it has fuch great Vertues, that Tragus thinks no Body is able fufficiently to fet them forth. Hue is celebrated chiefly upon three Ac¬ counts : I. For preferving Chaftity, and retraining Lull, according to that of the Schola Salernitana , Ruta facit caftum . But why Rite fhould make Men chafte, and make Women luftful, no other Reafon can be af- ftgned, than that Men are of a hot, and Women of a cold Conftitution. However, there is a fufficient Reafon to doubt whether it has really thefe contrary Effe&s on the different Sexes. 2. For lharpening the Sight ; which the Schola Salernitana alfo teaches : fsobilis eft Rut a, quia lumina reddit acuta: Auxilio Rutec vir lippe videbis acute . And elfewhere, Fceniculum , verbena , Rof a -> Cbelidonid, Ruta , Ex bis fiet aqua quee lumina reddet acuta . 3. For preventing and curing the Plague and other malignant and contagious Difeales, nen Cloth 24 Hours, that fo they may fade a little ; then fhred them, put them into a Phial, pour upon them the bell Wine-Vine¬ gar ; flop the Phial, and put it in the Sun : At the End of rwo Months drain it, and keep it for Ufe. 3. To make the Oil : Take of frelh Rue cut and bruifed four Ounces, of old Oil one Pound ; macerate it at the Sun, or in any warm Place fifteen Days; then boil it in a double Veflel; and having thrown away the former Rue , put in frelh, and macerate that fifteen Days alfo; afterwards boil it in like Manner; and laft of all, repeat it the third Time, and ftrain ir. If you take either the Oil of Rue> or for want of that, the Juice fqueezed from frelh Rue , and drop a Drop of it into the Water of Grafs , Rue , or Scordium> &c. and give ic to Children to drink, it is Laid from certain Experience, that all the Worms will die. Sim. Pauli . For the Falling-ficknefs, Take of the Juice of Rue one Ounce, of the Honey of Squills half an Ounce : This is a prefent Remedy for fuch as are troubled with that Diftemper. Valleriofa. Sylvius , Prax• L. 1. cap . 46. § 80. among the Amepileptick Medicines which he there deferibes, allows the firft Place to Rue , as well wild as garden, both of which abound with an acrid and biting Sale, and therefore proper to coitedl an acid Spirir. Dole us The Compleat Herbal. 5 6 9 DoUus alfo advifes, lib- 2. cap. 1. §19. fach as are afflifted with the Epilepfy, to bruife Rue with their Fingers, and thruft it up their Nofe, as Foley-mountain alfo is to be applied ; and to fmell to other volatile Salts, which will certainly (horten the Fit. And Fabricius Hildanus , Obferv. Cent . iv. writes, That he made frequent Ufe of Rue in the Epilepfy, and that he often found the Efficacy and Succefs of it. Dr- Bowle, in his Obfervacions which he fent to Mr. Ray, mightily commends the Sy¬ rup of Rpe, in all Affe&ions of the Head and Nerves. Antonius Mi^aldus recommends Rue boiled with HyJJop- Wine and drunk, to Women whofe Terms do not come regularly or kindly. For the Suffocation of the Womb, Take the Leaves of Rtie Hired fmall, beat them with the White and Yolk of an Egg, fry them in a Frying-pan in Form of an Amuler, and apply them warm to the Navel. This was the Experiment of one who likewife put to it Egg-fhells. I have found the Deco&ion of wild Rue , which they commonly call Stone Rite, to be a moft effe&ual Remedy for driving out the Stone and Gravel. Achilles Gajferns, Obf. 70. The Seed of this Herb taken in Wine is an Antidote or Counter- poifon againft all dangerous Medicines or deadly Poifons: And the Leaves, taken either by themfelves or with Figs and Walnuts, which is called the Antidote of Mitbridates againft the Plague, makes all venomous Things, and among the reft the Venom of Serpents, to become harm- lefs. The earing of the Leaves of Rue takes away the Smell both of Garlic% and Leel^s. The Antidote which Mitbridates King of Pontus ufed to take every Morning fading, thereby to fecure himfelf againft any Infe&ion or Poifon, was this, Take twenty Leaves of Rue, a little Salt, a couple of Walnuts, and a couple of Figgs, beaten together into a Mafs ; which is the Quantity appointed for every Day. Antigonus , in his Rloapfody or Huddle of memorable Things , relates a Story of a Weazel, that being to fight with a terrible fierce Ser¬ pent, eats Rue, and rubs herfelf all over with it beforehand, to be the better fecured againft the Poifon : By which it was found to be efficacious againft the Sting or Biting of ve¬ nomous Crearure*. An Eletftuary is made of it in this Manner: Take of Nitre , Pepper , and Cummin Seed, of each equal Parts ; of the Leaves of Rue clean picked, as much in Weight as all the other three ; beat them well together as much as is fufficienr, and put to them as much Honey as will make them up into an Eleduary; (but you muft firft prepare your Cummin Seed, laying it to fteep in Vinegar for 24 Hours, and then dry it or rather tofte it in a hot Fire- fnovel, or, as others would have ir, in an Oven :) This is a Remedy for the Pairs of the Cheft or Stomach, of the Spleen, Belly and Sides by Wind or Stitches ; of the Liver by Obftrudions ; of the Kidneys and Blad¬ der by Stoppage of Urine ; and helps to ex¬ tenuate fat and corpulent Bodies. All the Sorrs of Rue , fays Lemery , contain abundance of exalted Oil, and of volatile and eflential Salt. But the Garden Russ are moft- ly nfed in Phyfick. They are incilive, at¬ tenuating, difeuffive, proper for refifting of Poifon, to fortify the Brain, to provoke the Terms, to overcome the Vapours, for the Wind-Cholick, for the Bitings of mad Dogs and Serpents; and are ufed both internally and externally. TABLE CXXXIV. Fig. 2. GENUS VI. 9>atma!a* OHrmala is a Plant with a Rofe-Flower A] confifting of many Leaves B, placed orbicularly : Out of whofe Flower-cup D, rifes the Pointal C, which afterwards turns ‘to a roundilh Fruit E, confifting of three Cells F, and full of Seeds G, which are ge¬ nerally oblong. To thefe Marks muft be added, That the Leaves are fee on the Stalk in an alternate Order. There is but cne Species of KatlTtnldr, which is, Harmala. Dod. Pempt. I2T. Ruta fyl- veftris, flore magno, albo. C. B- Fin. ^26. Ruta quae dici folet Harmala. J. B. 3. 200. D d d d This 57 ° T be Qmpleat Herbal. This is the RiitA fylveftris fyriaca, five Har- mala. Park. This is a ffirubby Planr, that puts forth many Stalks from one Root, which are fur- nilhed with feveral Branches, a Foot high, and of a blackifii green Colour: On which are fe: oblong, plumper fat, and fiefhy Leaves, of a deep green Colour, cut into many Seg¬ ments, not much unlike the Leaves of Anther a , of a maukilh, gummy, bitter and fomewhat biting Tafte : The Flowers on the Tops of the Stalks are white and five-leav’d, furniflied which afterwards turns to a membranous roundifh Fruic F G, or oblong E, with many Horns at top, confining of many Cells H IK, and full of Seeds LM. The Species of are, I. Nigella arvenfis, comuta. C.B.Pin. 145. jpieto j£emiekjFlateer» MeUnthium fylveftre, Jive arvznfe . J. B. 23 £. MeUn¬ thium fylveftre. Dod. Pempt. 303. This Species has a greater Refemblance to the MeUnthium Damafcenum than to any other* with many yellow Fibres in the Middle ; af- but betrays its Original by its Scraggioefs and ter which follow Heads longer than the Heads Leannefs, riling fometimes a Palm or nine of Garden pue y but fofeer than them, and Inches high, lometimes with Angle Stalks, triangular, full of uneven, corner’d, blackilh and lometimes ligneous and channelled from red Seed : The Root is hard, fometimes as the very Root, which is branched. The thick as one’s Finger, fibrous, of a pale yel¬ low Colour. The whole Plant has a ftrong and unpleafant Smell. Be Bonita informs us, That it grows in fandy Places about Alexandria in Egypt ; and Clu- Juts tells us, That a great deal of it grows in New Caftile about Madrid , in that fruitful Soil, and on the Hills of Guadalajara ; that it dowers there in Jfuly and Auguft y and bears ripe Seed in September . It feldom or never comes to flower in the colder Climates, for it is very impatient of Cold. Harmala is fuppofed to be an Arabick Word, tho* Diofcorides mentions it in his Time as the common Name of this Plant. The Vertues of it feem to be much the fame with the former Genus. It contains a- bundance of Salt and Oil. It is incilive, at¬ tenuating, digeding, drying, opening, and is ufed for attenuating grofs Humours, and to provoke Urine.. TJBLE CXXXV. genus yir. Nigella, jFemtEl f lOtOCt. Leaves are like thofe of Dill, or rather of Nigella Damafccna , but not fo thriving, thin- fer* and cut into very fine Threads. The Flowers are Star-fafliioned, confiding of five Leaves, of a blue or pa^e Colour, not larger than the Flowers of yellow Fennel Flower, and not fultained by any Beards of fmall Leaves as the Dimafeenum. To thefe fuc- ceed Heads refembling thofe of Columbines , with five little Horns which incline different Ways at top, but growing together from the Middle to the Bottom. The Seed is black, and has but little Smell. It is found every where among the Corn, through Germany , Italy , and the South of France . Mr. pay fay?, That when he travelled thofe Countries, he did not rake this to be a dif¬ ferent Species from the Melanthittm Damaf- cenum flore fimplici 5 but thought, whatever Difference there was between them was ow¬ ing to Culture ; but he did not oblerve whe¬ ther it wanted thofe green cut Leaves that fuftam the Flower inftead of a Flower-cup* the Want of which feems to eftablifh more than an accidental Difference. Parkinfon fays, That fome of this Genus are furniffied with thofe Leaves that furround and fuftain the Flower. Clufrn writes, That there is found pCEnnri^Iotoi: is a Plant with a Rofe- a Species very like if not the fame with that ■*“ Flower A, confiding of many Leaves B, in the Fields after the Corn is cut down, over placed orbicularly ; and furniflied with a Chaplet Z, placed betwixt the Leaves and the Stamina X, which is formed by certain Bodies fhaped like Horns C : Out of the all Hungary , Auftria, and the red: of Germany and the Netherlands. 2. Nigella arvenfis, cornuta, flore pleno,’ fubcaeruleo. ^O^lteD jftdH 5?entt£kj?l0ter* Middle of the Flower riles the Pointal D y ftUl) ft fcOUbU WUftfi; ifiOftCG 3. Ni : * The Compledl Herbal. 3. Nigelli arvenlis, cornuta, flore s!bo. koines JfiiMnwkjFloteer, toulj a toljtte plotter._ 4. Nigella lanfoha, flore majore, fimphci, cxruleo. C B. Pin. T45. l^OaC^eaU’D jPettj: Kfl#jFIoiBEc, totcl) a large, Single, blue JflCtDCt. Meianthium Hifpanicum , majus. Lyft. From a fmall, oblong, yellowifh Root rifes a Stalk a Cubic high, round, green and lmootb, and branched at top. The Leaves at the Root are very finely jagged, but thofe fee on the Sralk are fometimes cur into broader Parts and fometimes finely divided like the lower Leaves : Bur the Flowers are larger than in the other Species, five-leav*d, each Leaf being as broad as one’s Nail, of a beau¬ tiful blue Colour on the upper Side, but pale underneath, with raifed Veins running thro’ them. To the Flowers fucceed five or fix- corner’d hard Heads, divided at top into as many Horns that bend down on the Sides, which are full of blackilh Seed without Smell, with membranous Partitions running between. Seven or eight little blueifh green, and gaping Flowers furround the Head. Park* Ger. 5. Nigella aoguftifolia, flore majore, fim- plici, cxruleo. C. B. Bin. 145. igartOfate leab’s jfenneLjFIottcr, britl) a large Angle blue Jflotner. Meianthium capite & flore majore. ]• B. 3. 207. Meianthium Damafce¬ rium. Dod. Pempt. 304. This agrees with the feventh Species, that follows, except that it differs in the Flower, which ccnfifts of a Angle Row of five Leaves of a whitifli blue Colour. The Middle is poffeffed by many Stamina with greenilh Chives, with the Rudiment of the Fruit ; all which are begirt with a Chaplet made of lit¬ tle (hut Bags, and containing a Liquor like Honey. 6. Nigella anguftifolia, flore majore, fim- plici, aibo. jgarrotodeab’li cr, tou!) a large* Angle, tnlnte Jflotner. 7. Nigella flore majore, pleno, caeruieo. c . b. pin. 145. SDcttble blue JBtgdla, 05 ^enueL j^lobiec. Meianthium capite vet ca- lyce , (3 flore majore , pleno. J. B. 3. 208. Me¬ ianthium Damaficenum pleno flore. Cluf. Hi ft. ccviii. This is the Nigella Damajcena flore multiplici . Park. The Root is ligneous and yellow. The Sralk is a Foot or a Cubit high, round, chan¬ nelled, hollow* fmoctb, ftiff, of a dark green Colour, and branched. The Leaves are fee on the S:a!k alternately at Diftances, having no Foor-ftalks (excepting thofe at. the Roor, which are broader, and are furnifhed wbh Foo:-ftalks) narrow, and divided imo (mall Jaggs, slmoft after the Manner of umbell¬ iferous Plants, or like Confhlida Regal is ; each of which Jaggs ends in a (harp Poin r . On the Tops of the Stalks and Branches are Angle, beautiful Flowers, fupported by five Leaves inftead of a Flower-cup, which are like thofe on the Sralk, confuting of many Bows cf jagged Leaves, of a whicifh pale blue Colour, the inner Leaves being herby about the Bor¬ ders and Jaggs. Numerous blue Stamina, furnilhed with berby Chives furround a fwoln Head, which is membranous, and blown up as it were like a Bladder, and generally di¬ vided into five Cells. In every Cell are two Rows of large, oblong, uneven, black Seed?. But as many Cells as there are in each Head, fo many Horns (hoot up from the top of it, crooked like Rams Horns. 8 . Nigella flore minore, fimplici, candidc. c. B. Ph. 145. 5 ?enncLjflctcer, tmtlj a fmall. Angle, boljttc jflofter. Meianthium calyce & flore minore , femine nigro (3 luteo. J. B. 3. 208. Meianthium. Dod. rempt. 303. This is the Nigella Rcmana five fativa. Park. This fweet Nigella grows up to be two Foot high, with (everal (lender Branches, and many finely cut and divided Leaves on them almoft as fmall as Fennel , and very like thofe of Lar!{s-hecl. At the Top of each Branch ftands one Flower, compofed of five blue Leaves fijfnioned like 2 Star, without any green Leaves under the Flower, as in foroe Angle, and another blue Sort, with a green Head in the Middle, encorrpafied with fome few Threads, which Head grows to be the Seed-veftel, being a little long 2nd round, with five fmall (bore 7 'ops like Horns, fund¬ ing at the Tops of the Heads, in which lie, in feveral Cells, fmall, black, and Very (harp, fweer, ftrong fmelling Seed. The Root is fmall, fibrous and yellow, periftiirg every Year. * 9. Nigella flore minore, pleno & albo. c. B . Pin . 146. ^emtcl^ldtw, bmb a Dddd 2 ImaJl* The Compleat Herbal. fmall, Oouul?, teljit? JBotoer. MAantbi - vm capite minore, flore multiplicatc. }. B. 2C9. Melanthium plena flore . Cluf. Hift. ccvii. This, is the NigtlU flare albo multiplici of Gcrarde \ and the Nigella citrina fine albo multiplici of Par fin Jon, From a (mall Angle Root rifes a fingle Stalk a Cubir, and a Cubit and a half high, round, channelled, hairy, naked, and divided into Wings. The Leaves grow alternately on long keeled Foor-ftalks. o t a Colour that inclines to yellow from green, divided into much broader Parts than in the common MAanthi - um, and hairy. The Flowers are of a whitilh herby Colour, crouded with Leaves, and many herby Chives, with a five or fix cor¬ ner’d Head, which is divided into as many Horns which turn upwards, and full of black fweet fmelling Seed like the common Sorr, with membranous Partitions running be¬ tween.. 10. Nigella Cretica. C B. Pit?. 14 6.. and Prodr. 75. CanjD? ^enneLjHotor. This is the Melanthium fimplici flore Cre - ticum , Cluf. and the NigeJU Cretica inodoro femme. Park. The firft Leaves of this Plant are not much unlike the Leaves of Larfs-heel , but narrow¬ er. Then comes up a fhort Stalk, not a Cu¬ bit high, which is divided into feveral Bran¬ ches a little above the Head of the Root, which are fmall, round, two Foot high or better, very feeble, and fcarce able to ftand upright; on which grow thin-fet Leaves, di¬ vided into few jaggs : Thefe Branches are again divided into other fmaller Branches, each of which bears a fingle Flower, which is commonly divided into five Leaves that are of a greenifti white Colour at firft, and then whitifh like, common Nigella, and laft of all fomewhac inclining to blue, the Points ftill retaining their Greennefs. Out of the Middle of the Flower comes forth a Head ending in five, fix or feven Horns, crooked like a Goat’s Horn, as in common Nigella , with many green Stamina all around, whofe Chives* are blue : Then below the Stamina , and upon the Leaves lie eight other fplit Leaves ftretcfced oat, at an equal Diftance from one another, whofe Foot-italk with its Bafis is, blue, with two duskifh Veins running acrofs; and the Interval betwixt the Veins is of a yellovvifli green Colour. The Root is alfo yellow, Iongifli, fmall and fomewhac fibrous ; nor is it lively, but periftes in the Pointer. Clufius writes, That this Plant is very like if not the fame with the Field Nigella . ata. Park. iMealfir, alba, Jim - This broad-leav’d Nigella rifes up from a yellowilh, fibrous and aonual Root, with one fonder weak Stalk, divided into fome Bran¬ ches, on which are fet long and divided Leaves, but not fhaped like rhofe of the other Nigella , which are Fennel- like or Larl^fpw- like, buc much broader, and parted into Di- vifions fomewhat like thofe of Groundfel , but cut into lefler and finer Parts. At the Top of each of the Branches ftands a fingle white Flower, like the other Nigellas, fucceeded by Heads fomewhat like them, which like- wife contain black Seeds of a fweet Smell. 12. Nigella flore fimplici, pallefcente. Par. Bat. §>mgle, paR^oter tr jptgeHa. From a (freight Root, which purs foith Fibres at the Sides, rifes a channelled, fmootb, green Stalk, divided into feveral Branches, and thefe again into others; on each of which fits a pretty large Flower, of a pale blue Colour, with Leaves that ftretch out into a circular Figure from a narrow Root and as it were long Foot-ftalk; andlhaped like a Top at the End, and not Tupported by any Beard of Leaves. Gut of the Middle of the Flower comes forth a narrow Seed : veflel divided inro five Parts, horned at top, around which ftand eight other little fplit Leaves, ftretebed upon the Leaves of the Flower, as in the Nigella Cretica . C. B. each of which is attended by three tipped Stamina. The Leaves are thin and broadifii, .green, and adhering to the Stalk at the Roots of the Branches without Foot-ftalks. 13. Nigella orientals, flore flavefeenre, fe- mine alato, pleno. ^DjlCttCalJFennfLiflOtite n. tuttl) a pellotot® jflotoec, ana a toungea flat That which the Greeks of old called //«- hclv&H, pl^glvSiov, See. is called in the Shops and by the modern Botanifis, Nigella , from the Colour of its Seed. It is called GJtb by Pliny, DioJcoridej and Columella* 1 x. ixigcjia v^rctiLa laciroiia, ocloi Pheat. 1376. &i»cet*fmdltnjk b?o; Canhp Nigella tlici flare- P. Air. Pvnr. Vir Tbs The Coinpleat Herbal. ^73 The id and frh Species are mod ufed in Pbyfick ; and yec the red are not to be re¬ jected as ufelefs and without Vertue. The Seed is chiefly if not only ufed, and is rec¬ koned to be hot and dry in the third Degree, and therefore is proper for opening and at¬ tenuating. Its principal Ufe is in refolving and expectorating the Mucilage of the Lungs, in encreafing the Milk, in provoking Urine and the Terms, and in correcting the Venom of poifonous Bites. It is ufed as a Specifick in quotidian and quartan Agues. Externally it is of frequent Ufe iu curing the Head-ach, in drying up Catarrhs (by ufing it as Snuff, or duelling it as Smoak) and applied to the Head in Caps and Fomentations. The Root has a peculiar Property of dopping any Flux of Blood, if it be chewed and put up the Nofe. Scbrod . The Preparations of this Herb are : i. The prepared Seed, which is done by being ma¬ cerated in Vinegar, and then dried. 2. The diddled Water from the Seed. 3. The di¬ ddled Oil from the Seed. Id. It is to be obferved, That the Seed and the Root are not to be both gathered from one and the fame Plant: For the Seed of the Garden Nigella, and the Root of the wild Kind are only ufed in Phyfick. We muft Iikewife remark this of the Root, That it mud not be chewed with the Teeth for dop- ping a Flux of Blood, as our Author would have ir, but is only to be laid under the Tongue without chewing ; for the circular Motion of the Blood being accelerated by chewing, the Flux is hereby rather increafed than diminifhed. Fr. Hoffman. An Oil is fqueezed from the Seed of this Plantr whieh mod Apothecaries ufe inftead of Spikenard Oil, and are very much to blame for ir. The green Seed has a great deal of excre- metjtitious Moidure; for which Reafon it is dangerous to take it inwardly, as Tragus ob- ferves. And therefore, after it is walhed it ought to be carefully dried, in the fame Manner as Carvi . Upon which Account it is rather ufed parched than raw in Catarrhs and Diftillations from the Head; in which Di- dempers this parched or fcorched Seed is ufed with incredible Succefs : In which Cafes I recommend this Bag, Take of the toaded Seed* ef Nigella , Tobacco , $tyrax Calamity of each one Scruple ; of Amber-greafe two Grains; mix them, put them into red Lawn, and make of all together a Bag proper to be held to the Nofe. Sim. Pauli. To recover the lod Smell : Take a fufK- cient Quantity of I{pman Nigella, reduce ic to Powder, and pound it with old Oil in a Mornr : Put of this Liquor into your Nofe and fnuff up the Spirit, holding up your Head in the mean while, and having )Our Mouth full of Water. I cured a certain noble Lady of a Rheum, after I had given her that Snuff which I men¬ tioned in the Hidory of Marjoram , by admi- niftring to her the following Bag, Take of the parched Seed of Nigella half an Ounce, Abelmofcb , the Leaves of Carvi , of Marjoram y of each two Drams 5 of Storax Caiamite y and Tobacco one Dram, of Amber-greafe feven Grains; of the Oil of ofe-xvood , three Drops; mix them according to Art, and make off them a Bag; by which the Lady kept her- felf ever after from Catarrhs. Sins. Pauli*- The Seed of this Plant is ufed to refolve the ffuriy Matter that gathers in the Cavities of the Head, which caufes a Rheum : For this Purpofe, the Cuftom is to infufe a Pugil of Marjoram Leaves in a Glafs of White-wine ; to add to it a Dram of Nigella Seed ; to drain the whole through a Linnen Cloth, and to draw that Wine up into the Nofe, making a drong Infpiration. For the Cholick : Make a Ptifan of the Tops of ' Camomi! y Melilot , and the Seed *of Nigella. The effenrial Oil of this Plant has the fame Venues : It is very incifive, and procures Expcdioratior. The Infulion of the fame Seed is diurerical, and provokes the Terms.. Toumsfort. Mr. Lemery informs us. That the Seed of this Planr, which alone is ufed in Phyfick, not being fo good with them at Paris , they fend for ic to Italy , where it is much berretv It mud be chofen frefh, plump, and of a fine black or yellow Colour, and’ofan aromatick Smell and Tafte. It is, fays the fame Author, incifive, ape¬ ritive and refolutive: Ic provokes Spitting, encreafes Milk in the Breads of Nurfes, brings down the periodical Courfes in Women, re¬ fids Poifon, is proper for quartan Agues, is vulnerary,, kills Worms, and removes-Wind. table The Commie at Herbal. TABLE CXXXVI. Fig.i. GENUS VIII. Fabago, 'Bean-captrg. is a Plant with a Rofe*Flow- ^ er A, confiding of many Leaves B, pla¬ ced orbicularly : Out of whofeFlower-cup D, rifes the Pointal C, which afterwards turns to a membranous Fruit E, fliaped like a Cy¬ linder, generally fivc-corner’d, five-ctll'd F, gaping in five different Parts G, (each Valve H, being furnifiied with an intermediate Parti¬ tion I,) and full of Seed K, which is com¬ monly fiar. To thefe Marks muff be added, That the Leaves grow in Couples over againft one another at the Joints of the Stalks. There is but one Species of this Plant, which is, Fabago Belgarum, five Peplus Parifienfium. Lt/gd. 456. Morgfani fyrorum. Ejufd. App. 25. Capparis fabaginea, five Peplios Lute’ciano- rmn. J. B. 2. 66. Capparis Portulacse folio. C. B. Pin. 480. Capparis Fabago five legu- minofa. Parl{. Theatr. 1024. 3 j£eaU/Capt*&. This is the Telephium Diofcoridcs (3 Piinii. Col. It has a thick, perennial, long, white Root, covered with a thin Skin, tender, but more ligneous h.y Age; ihe Head flicking up through the failing off of its old Shoots, and the breaking forth of new ones every Year. The Root puts forth feveral firm, round, fmootb, green, jointed Branches, refembling wild Pwjlane-, and at each Joint ftand Leaves up¬ on Fooc-fhlks an Inch long, or fhorter, thick, foliaceous, like the Foot-ftalks of Orange-Trees on which the Leaves ftand, but narrower and shorter; two Leaves coming forth at the fame Place, which are flefhy, thick, fmooth, like Pwflane Leaves, tough, juicy, inclining fome- thing to blue, by reafon of the white Down upon them mixed with green, broader and larger about the Root, infomuch that they are two Inches broad, and above two Inches and a half long ; being fmaller about the Branches like thofe of the Fortulaca caparta, and fmaller at top. At the Rife cf the Leaves and joints of the Stalks come forth two fhorc Foot-ftaiks, and about the Top in the Middle of the Branches ftand firft green, round Co- rymbi , which are oblong and uprighr, and gaping put forth the white inner Leaves a lit¬ tle, in Number five, as alfo the outer Leaves that contain them inftead of a Flower-cup, making a Corymbus, with feverarfaffron, oblong, intermediate, final], tipped, long Stamina , flicking as much out from their Center. Thefe lame Stamina have a chick Head and a fhort Filament at firft, when the Flower gapes and is feen hollow : But when the Flower becomes more perfect, the Sta¬ mina lengthen very much, and the Heads or Chives leffen ; and the inner white Leaves of •the Fiower prefect a fa fir on Nail that takes up one hall of the Leaf. Afcer the Flowers decay and tall, the Foot ftalks continue, and have final!, raifed Pod? ; the Stamina alfo remaining at the fame Time ; But when the Pod is come to full Perfe&icn, which refem- bles a Rjid.fy Pod, the Stamina perilh, the Foot-ftalk becomes crooked, and the Pod bends downwards, being greenilh, fmooth and fhining, thick at the End, and hairy, from which five Lines as it were are drawn lengthwife, where the Pod, being now ripe and dry, gapes, and fheds many oblong Seed?. It flowers in Jme and July, and bears Pods, which are ripe in Auguft and September. The Tafte of rhis Plant is bitter, leaving fome Acrimony upon the Palate, not much differing from the Tafte of common Capers , from whence it got the Name of Capparis. And becaufe its winged Leaves feemed to refemble the Leaves of Beans, others gave ic the Name of Fabago. The Tafte of the Root is rough and barfh, fomewhat acrid, and inclining to bitter : Buc the Leaves are bitterer. They report, T,hat ic is ufed by the Syrians to kill Worms, be¬ caufe of its Bicterneft. It is Laid to grow in rugged and ruinous Places in Italy: But Mr. Ray could never fee it growing wild in any Part of Italy ; not never heard that it did fo, from any one of good Authority. TABLE j_ Fabag’o, £a//u.rj /'•S7+ The Compleat Herbal. TABLE CXXXVI. Fig. 2 . GENUS. IX. Corchorus, 3i£&!3 J fiEtoS is a Plant with a Rofe- Flower A, confiding of many Leaves B, placed orbicularjy : Out of whole Flower- cup D, rifes the Point ai C, which afrerwards turns to a Fruit E, (haped like a Cylinder, confiding of five Cells F, gaping in five Pans G, and full of Seed that is generally corner’d H. To thefe Marks muft be added, That the Leaves are fee at the Joints of the Stalks in an alternate Order. The Species of SJJallofcJS are, 1. Corchorus five Meiochia. gp« B. 2. 982. 3**10 Meiochia. P. Alp. Egypt. 3 9. I have obferved this Plant, lays J. Baubi- vus, with a fmooth Stalk a Cubic high, with Leaves almoft like thofe of Cynocrambe or Mercurials , but larger, two or three Inches long, an Inch and half broad, dented round the Edge?, which have a litcle Beard on both Sides of the lower Parr, or a fmall Excref- cence like a little Tenon. Thefe fame Leaves are crooked or bend back with a certain Pen¬ dicle Lke a little Horn about the Rife of the Sides, whofe Ends diminilh into a purple curled Filament. The Pods grow fingle up¬ on a fiiorc Foot-dalle, being four or five Inches long, ftriped with y'ellowifn Stripes, growing gradually fmaller to the Point, gaping into five Divifions lengthwife, and containing abundance of alfo-coloured, cornered, fmall Seed, that is vifeid to the Tafte. The Flow¬ ers, according to Alpinus, are fmall and faf- fron-coloured, fmaller than thofe of Wall¬ flower, confifting of five (horr, broad, pointed Leaves. This Plant is a Native of AEgypt. 2. Corchorus Americana, Carpini folio, fru&u iongiore. American $£aIlGte, fcritlj a feojn^jbeam lleaf, anti a longer Jfctttf, Alcca cibaria feu Corchorus Americana, Carpini foliis , fextuplici capfula Iongiore or - na'a. PlukrPhytog. Tab. 127. 3, Chorchorus Americana, foliis & frudhi anguftioribus. American ©aHottj?, 575 tmd) naurota anti jfitut. Alee* Oii(oria i feu Corchorus Americana, anguflo bar - bato folio . capfula flriPliori. Pluk. Ph)tog. TaK 127. The firft Species grows in Afia, Syria , and Egypt and the neighbouring Coumiies in great abundance, where it is (own in their Gar¬ dens, as alfo in many Parts of Spain and Lay. It is fo familiar in Egypt , that the Natives do not think they make a good Meal unlefs they have a Difh of it boiled in Water, or made into Broth. It feldom flowers with us, in regard the Summers are not hoc enough to bring it to Maturity ; and Parkjnfon tells us. That having Town it often, he could never have it grow above an Hand high, the flrft cold Air in the Night caufing ic to pcrifli quickly. It is called by moll Botanifls , Meiochia or Molochia : It is thought by Lobel to be the Corchorus or Corcorus of Pliny , which he men¬ tions in his 15th Book, cap. 32. not that which he fpeaks of in his 25th Book, cap. 13, which is that of Diofcoridcs , and Tbenphraftut in his 7rh Book, cap . 7. for that is generally thought to be Anagallis or Pimpernel . Ryvpwol- fins in his Journal fays, thar in Syria , Egypt, &c. they call it Molucbi , and that ic is that Oius Indi-cnm which Avicen mention?. Matthiolm thinks, that Halimus or Sea-Pufane is the Meiochia of the Mjcts and Arabians, becaufe ic was ufually eaten as a Saliad Herb. Profper Alpinus tells us, That it is very like Mdrjb-m allows in Venue ; for that it is much ufed to fuppurate, digdt, refolve, and mollify all bard Tumours ; becaufe its Mu¬ cilage is more flimy than that of Marfls-nut!- lovps. He fays, thar two Drams of the Seed is ufually taken at a Time, to purge plenti¬ fully ail Sorts of Humours. The Decodlior* of the Leaves, having Sugar-candy mixed with ir, is very familiarly ufed againft dry- Coughs, Hoarfenefs of the Throat and Voice, and Shortnefs of Breath, as being a prefer,c Remedy againft thofe Diftempers. The CM of it is ufed fo familiarly among the Egyptians, faith Alpinus , in their Meals, that they fel¬ dom are without ic> notwiihftanding it breeds many Obftrudions, and the vifeous Nourifli- menc ir yields, tho’ little, turns to Melan¬ choly and other Difeafes, TABLE M 6 The Compleat Herbal. TABLE CXXXVII. GENUS X. efflux is a Plant with a F.ofe-Fiower A, confiding of many Leaves B, placed or¬ bicular]}’ : Out of whofe Flower-cup C, rifes the Poimal D, which afeerwards turns to a roundifli Fruit E, or peaked F, generally gaping at top G, confiding of many Cells H I, and full of Seeds that are generally fmali K. The Species of CtffttS are, 1. Ciftus mas, major, folio rotundiore. b. 2. 2. $Ll)C greateft male Ctllug, Ixutl) a fOtmtitft IlCaL Ciftus mas, folio Y0- tundo hirfutijjmo . C. B. Pin. 464. Ciftm mas Mattbioli, Lugd. 222. This is a Shrub like the other Ciftus s y and commonly rifes about the Heighth of a Man ; having fomewhat hoary Branches, and Leaves larger than the other Species, and as it were orbicular, fomewhat hairy and rugged. The Flower refembles the Flowers of the other Species, is of a deeper red Colour, and fomc- what larger. The Heads are hairy, hard, five-corner’d, larger than the others, and con¬ tain red Seed. It is found in the Kingdom of Valencia and Arragon : It is faid likewife to grow plenti¬ fully in Italy* 2. Ciftus mas, 2da, folio longiore. 2. 2. 0 feconn male CtGte, tmtfc a longtuj Hleaf. Ciftus mas, anguftifolius. C. B. Pin. 464. Ciftus mas , 2 da, Claf. Hift. 6p, It rifes as high as the common Ciftus, and fometimes higher, with a no iefs fhrubby Stem, nor a fewer Number of Branches, but is not quite fo hoary. The Leaves are alfo ranged in the fame Order, but are fofter, longer, narrower, and more pointed. The Flower is alike, and of a carnation Colour; nor does it differ much from the other either in Head or Seed. It grows in Spain, and flowers longer than the other male Kinds: And its Branches con¬ tra# a certain dewy, far, and fweet-fmelling Moifturei 3. Ciftus mas, folio breviore. C. Pin, 464. &S)ojt 4 eai> D male Ctfftts. apm mm, tenia , foliis dilutius virentibus. J. B. 2. 3. It is ftiorter than the former, but not lefs flirubby, and has fmaller Branches. The Leaves are fhorter than the former, and of a fainter green Colour, more rugged, fat and fwce:-fme!!ed. The Flower is like the o:her, of a faint red Colour, and a little fweet-fmelled ; which Mark Clufius did not obferve in the other Kinds of male Ciftus . The Heads of this are much fmaller than the former, and are longer hid within their Covers, which are the Flower-cups. The Seed in the Heads is even. Clufius obferved this only in Portugal grow¬ ing wild, above Lisbon, in the Road to Co - nimbra , and alfo on the Sea-fliore. 4. Ciftus Lufitanicus, folio ampliflimo, in- canc. pOJttlSUm Clifts, feUth a itl\> large Ijoacp Heaf. 5. Ciftus mas, folio obiongo, incano. C.B . Pin. 464. mit Ciiftt*, tuttlj an oblong Ijoarp lieaf. Ciftus mas efuarta, monfpelienfts , folio obiongo , albido. ] B. 2. 3. Ciftus mas prima . Cluf. Hift. 68* This is a ftronger and more hoary Shrub than the female Ciftus , two Cubits high, and, according to Clufius , as high as a Man, hairy, the Wood being very brittle, and covered with a whirifh Bark. The Branches are thick- fec, anfwering to one another alternately and always oppofite ; and the fame Order is ob¬ ferved by the Leaves, which are all over hoary, fofter and longer in the young Plants, but in the full grown, more narrow, harder and rougher, of an aftringent Tafte, rugged underneath, narrower and thicker than the Leaves of the female Ciftus. The Flower is about the Bignefs of the Wood Bpfe, five- leav’d, of a fainter red Colour, or, as they fay, a carnation Colour (many Stamina with their faffron Chives poflefling the Middle) thick-fet and crouded together, growing in greateft Numbers at the Ends of the little Branches, on fhort ftreng Foot-ftalks, not weak, oblong, Angle ones, as in t ie female Ciftus; to which fucceed feveral five-corner*d, bard, hairy, peaked Heads, in which is con¬ tained fmali Seed of a blackifli red Colour, about the Bignefs of Henbane or Poppy 5 eed. J. Baubinus makes it to have three-corner’d Pods, begirt with three hairy peaked Leaves. At -:v ■ . . The Compleat Herbal. 577 At the Roots of this Plant, which fpread upon and flick to the Turf, Clufius obfervcd the FJypociflis growing in great abundance. Mr. I{ay obferved this Plant growing in great Plenty on the barren and flony Hills, and in Woods, all over Sicily, Italy and the South of France. 6. Gifhis mas, foliis undulatis 8c crifpis. Ciftus, fern!) tinvoen jms curlcn LCflPCS* Ciftus mas , foliis Chamxdryos . C. B. Pin. 464. Ciftm mas ya, foliis crifpis, & quadammodo finuofts • J. B. 2. 3* Ciftus mas ya. Cluf. Hift. dp. This is commonly a low and groveling Plant, with Branches a Foot long or better, many of which come from the lame Root. The Leaves are curled and fomewhat waved, white and hairy, of an har(h and aftringent Tafte. The Flowers grow on the Tops of the Branches, of an equal Heighth, and as it were in Umbells, being fomewhat fmaller than the former, but of a beautiful red pur- plifh Colour, more intenfe or deep than in the 5th Species here defcribed. The Heads are fmaller than thofe of the reft, generally wrapped up in their own Covers, and con¬ tain Seed like the reft, but blacker. Clufius obferved this Plant no where except only in Portugal , and not abounding fo much any where there as at the Monaftery called Pera longa , five Miles beyond Lisbon . It flowers in April fooner or later, according to the Nature and Genius of the Soil: The Seed is ripe in Auguft, September or October. 7. Ciftus foemina, folio Salviae, elarior 8c re&is virgis. C. B. Pin. 464. 2 CaU female Ctftusi, tottlj a &ag;e Leaf, atm up-tfgljt §$taik£. Cijius foemina , monfpeliana , ftore alio. }. B. 2. 4. Ciftus foemina. Cluf. Hift. 70. This is a Shrub full of Branches, fome- times a Cubic high and uprighr, fometimes groveling and fpread upon the Ground, with (lender and blackifh Branches. The Leaves are as big as in the 5th Species, almoft ex- adUy round, rugged and uneven, hut green, and of an aftringent and harfh Tafte. It has a Flower fomewhat fmaller than the Male, much refembling the Flower of the 6th Spe¬ cies, white and fometimes yellow, with yel¬ low Stamina , as in the wild Bpfe> poflefting the Middle of the Flower, not fmaller than thofe of the Male, but much larger than thofe of the Ledum. The Heads are blacker than the Heads of rhe Male* (mailer alio, pointed but fomewhat fiac on the upper Parr, fivc- corner'J, containing Seed a little blacker, and pretty big. It grows very commonly on the barren and flony Hills and Thickets all over Laly, Sicily , and the South of France. 8. Ciftus foemina, (olio Sal vise, fupina^ humi fparfa. C. B . Pin. 465. CjObcIltUg female Ctfttm, tmdj a &age Leaf, ans Iptng along upon ©?oun&. This is only a Variety 0/ the former. 9. Ciftus foemina, folio Salviae, flore ochrae colore. C. b . Pin. 465. s>age 4 eab’tr female CiSttg, fcritlj an £Dker^coloureu jHoter. Ciftus foemina Hifpanica , ftors luteo. J. B. Pin. 2. 4. ■ 10. Ciftus Ladanifera Mon fpe lien Hum. C. B • pin . 467. Clje dUtmt^eartng Ctfttts of Montpelier. Ciftus Ladanifera , five Ledon Monfpeffulanum , angufto folio, nigricans. J. B. 2 . 10. This is a fweet-fmelling Shrub two Cubits high, branched out into feveral Arms, and covered with black Bark. The Leaves are an Inch and half long, narrow, black, rug¬ ged, (landing oppofite to one another at fmall Diftances. The Flowers are white, much like fmall Wood Bpfes, in the Middle of which are yellow Chives : To which fucceed briftly Pods (according to Bauhintis , but ac¬ cording to Mr. l\ay , fmall, divided into five Parts, fhining with a bay Colour when ripe, not briftly but (hut up in briftly Flower- cups) containing fmaller Seed than thofe of* the male Ciftus of Montpelier. Mr. l{ay is of Opinion with J. Bauhinui J with whom alfo Magnol, Dodtor of Phyfick at Montpelier , agrees, That this is the fame Plant with the Ledon yum of Clufius ; for both the Place and the Defcription agree : For he fays, That nothing is more common than that Kind of Ledon over the whole Kingdom of Valencia and the South of France, where he did not obferve any ocher Kind of Ledon • And therefore tbe pth Ledon of C. Bauhinui with narrow Olive Leaves is to be referred hither. The Variety of the Leaves depends upon the Difference of the Soil. Both Clufius and J. Bauhinus obferved the Hypociftis growing at the Root of this Plant. E e e e 11. Ciftus The Cottipleat Herbal. II, Ciftus Ladanifera, Hifpanica, Salicis fcfo, florecandido. ®fani4jmtns ^pmulb Ciftm, luttf) a Mtllatu tUaf, an* a luime JplOlUCC. Ciflus Ladanifera , Hifpanica , in- carta, C, B. Pin. 467. Ciflus Ledon \mum , an- gufltfolium, flore omnino interdum albo . Cluf. Bft. 77. This Ledon, fays Cluflus , which is the com- moneft and fatteft of all the Kinds that grow in Spain, rifes to a Man’s Heighth, and fome¬ times even exceeds it, with many ligneous, hard, black Branches. The Leaves as well as the Branches are placed oppofite to one another, being oblong, fometimes the Breadth of one’s Finger, and fometimes broader, of a black green Colour above, and whitifh un- cfemea.h, which with the tender Shoots are lb bedewed with a certain far, fweet fmel- ling, warm and tranfparent Liquor, that they may be feen and known a great way off by their finning, and fmellcd the eighth Part of a German Mile. The Flower is the largeft and mod beautiful of all the other Kinds of Ciflus, like a great f(q/e , with the (ingle Tex¬ ture of five Leaves, fometimes altogether white, but each of w-hofe Leaves about the iSfail are died with a purple Spot, which is fometimes bigger and fometimes (mailer and narrower, the Navel of the Flower being full of many faffron-coloured Fibres. On long Foot-ftalks diverted of their Leaves (land very large Heads, which are almoft round and plain, nor pointed, and often ten- cornered, hard, yellowifh within ; which coming to gape when ripe, fhed abundance of reddifh and very fmall Seed. The whole Plant contracts a Whitenefs when dried, but does not lofe that fat Slimi- nefs and fweet Smell for many Years. It grows very common in a great many Parts both of Spain and Portugal , ferving the Bakers to heat their Ovens, and the poorer Sort of People to make Fires. But it grows no where more plentifully than on the Hills and their Declivities betwixt the Rivers Ta¬ gus and Guadiana, and almoft on the whole Mountain called Sierra Morena. 12. Ciftus Ladanifera, Hifpanica, Salicis folio, Bore albo, macula punicante infignico. <0ttm^ming &pantjfo totflj a Wtttotu Ileaf, ann a ftrtjtte jfltotoer mark* 6 b UUt!) a fcarlcc SfrpOt. Ciflus Ledon \mum ? oMguflifolium, flore macula eje purpura nigri - cante infifto. Cluf. Hift. 77. Ciflus Ledon, flore macula nigricante notato . J. B. 2. 8. 13. Cirtus Ledon foliis Laurinis. C.B.Pin, 467. Cifttts, luttlj ilalurcl ileatoes, Ciftus Ledon latioribus foliis. J. B. 2. 8- Ledon I mum, latifolium. Cluf. Hift. 77. This broad-leav’d Ciftus rifes up with fe- veral ligneous Branches five or fix Foot high, fpreading many other fmalier Branches, on which are fee Leaves in Couples at the Joints over againft one another, (omewhat broader than thofe of the nth Species, much refem- bling Bay Reaves, of a dark fhining green Colour on the upper Side, and greyifii un¬ derneath, clammy to the Touch, as are alfo the young Shobts and Stalks, and of a ftrong fweet Scent that may be fmeic a great way off, efpecially in the Heat of Summer , and in the native Soil, much more than in thefe colder Countries. At the Tops of every Branch come forth fingle white Flowers, com- pofed of five broad, round, pointed Leaves, fometimes without any Spots in them, and fometimes having a dark purple Spot at the Bottom of every Leaf pointed upwards, which in fome are larger, in others fmalier, with feveral yellow Stamina in the Middle : After which fucceed big, roundifh, hard Heads, containing within them fmall, brownifh Seed. The Root is woody, and fpreads many Branches, but not very deep. 14. Cirtus Ledon, foliis PopuRnigrae, ma¬ jor. c. B. Ph. 467. C?ea t ftueet Ciftug, trxitl) black poplar 2 UabtS* Ciftus Ledon Populi nigree foliis Cktfii , major . J. B. 2. 9. Ledon latifolium 2 dum, map us. Cluf. Hift. 78. This is the Ciftus Ledon Populnsa fronde ma¬ jor. Park. Ic rifes not fo high as the former, but on¬ ly about three Foot. The brittle Branches have Leaves fee on them in the fame Manner as in the former, that is, two at a Joint one againft another ; but are larger than any other Sort of Ciftus, being like the Leaves of Ivy, or of the black Poplar Tree, broadeft at the Stalk, and pointed long at the End, green on the upper Side, and greyifii underneath, fomewhat thick and rough to the Touch, not having any Clammiaefs or Sweetnefs on them at all while they are young, but only when they are grown old. The Flowers are wholly white, and fmalier than in any of the former, yielding five-cornered point- The Compleat Herbal. 579 ed Hea£s, with fmall blackifti Seed in them. i<. Ciftus Ledon, foliis Populi nigrse, mi¬ nor. c. b. pin. 467. ^>mall fteeet Ctflttsf, iuttl) black poplar 3 Leafce& Op»i Ledon , populi nigra foliis Clufii, minor, J• B. 2. 9. Ledon 2 dum, latifolium, minus. Cluf- Htft.78. This is the Ciftus Ledon Populnea fronde mi¬ nor, Park. lc is like the former in all Refpe&s ; only it is lower, not exceeding a Cubit in Heighth. The Leaves are alfo fmaller 5 but they agree in Flower, Seed and Tafte. Both thefe Species grow on that Part of the Mountain called Sierra Morena which is in the Road from Lisbon to Seville , and on fome Hills bordering upon Granada. 1 6. Ciftus Ledon, latifolium, Crericum. J. B. 2.9. Street, Igoafe 4 eatt’&, Cansp Ciftus Ledon Cretenfe. C. B. Pir. 467. This is the Ciftus Ladanifera Cyria. Park. (3 Ladanifera Cretica vera . Ejufd. This Shrub rifes fometimes above a Cubic high,with biackifh Branches and flefliy Leaves, which by reafon of their deep green Colour appear black ; and are of a middle Size be¬ twixt the Leaves of the 121b and 14th Spe¬ cies, but (horter, and of a rhomboidal Figure, which with the young Branches are covered with a clammy and rofeid Moifture, but not quite fo copious, thick, and fweer-fmelled as in the 12th Species. The Flower is white, and like that of the 12th Species. The Heads likewife contain a fmall black Seed. J. Bauhinus deferibes the Leaves to be whitilh underneath, with three Plantain Ribs running longwife ; and the Heads to be like thofe of Vetches , of the oblong Figure of Olives, hairy, with five Corners l'eparated by Membranes, full of fmall, cornered, duskifti Seeds like Poppy Seeds. It grows in the Ifles of Cyprus and Candy . 17. Ciftus Ledon, hirfutum. C. B. Pin . 467. street baur Ctftttg. Ciftus Ledon ^tum Clufii, flore candido . J. B. 2. 10. Ledon 4 turn Cluf. Hift. 78. This is a Shrub with many Branches above a Cubit high, tough and clammy, hairy and whitiih* The Leaves are fofeer than in the other Kinds of Ciftus , refembling the Leaves of female Ciftus but longer, narrower, hairy, and blacker, and covered with a clammy Fatnefs, not only in the Spring but even during the whole Summer . The Flower is white, and as big as the Flower of female Ciftus , and not much unlike ir. The Heads are fmall, and covered with certain membra¬ nous and lax Husks ; and contain a black Seed, which is the biggeft of any of the Kinds of Ciftus . CJufius obferved this Species only in Old Caftile , in the Fields about St. Martin del Caftannel. 18. Ciftus Ledon, foliis Oleae, fed angu- ftioribus. C. B. Pin . 467. CttttlS, tuitfc ttarrofc) gDltPe Brahes. Ledon um . Cluf. Hift. 79. This Shrub rifes two Cubits high, is fweet- fmelled, branched out into feveral Arms, and covered with black Bark ; veith Leaves an Inch and half long, narrow, black, rugged, and oppolite to one another at fhorc Diftances. The Flowers are fmall, refembling fmall wild Bofes , in the Middle of which are yellow Chives : To thefe fucceed briftly Pods, which are fmall, divided into five Parts, of a tinning bay Colour when ripe, and containing fmall Seed. 19. Ciftus Ledon, anguftis foliis. &» B . Pin. 467. naiTD^Icab tf Cifftts* ciftus Ledon 6tum minoribus anguftioribuftjue foliis Clufii. J. B. 2. 11. Ledon 6tum. Cluf. Hift. 79. It is almoft like the former but fomewhst fmaller, with fhorrer and narrower Leaves covered with a clammy Moifture like the Leaves of the other. The Flower is larger, white, and confifts of five Leaves. The Seed likewife agrees. 20. Ciftus Ledon, foliis Rorifmarini, hif- pid is. C. B. Pin, 467. CttfrlS, tUttlj Intftlv Hofemarp ileabes. Ciftus Ledon , f 0 - liis colore cinereo • J. B. 2. II. Ledon Jmum, Cluf. Hift. 80. The many Branches of this fweet Ciftus are of an Atii-colour, plentifully ftored with long and narrow Leaves, like thofe of Rr/£- mary, and hairy withal ; yet clammy wirh that fweet Gum upon them as in the former. The Flowers are many, fmall and white like the reft 5 nor is the Seed unlike. Thefe two laft Species were obferved by Cluftus only in the Kingdom of Valencia about Xativa 21. Ciftus Ledon, foliis Rorifmarini, fed non incanis. gteCt Ctfttt?, tBUty E e e e 2 marp <8o The Comp! eat Herb ah ntarp 2leaues tijat are not Ijoarp* C. B. P,n. 467. Ciftus Ledon yum Clufio . J. B# 2. 12. pnum. Cluf. Hift. 80. 22 - Ciftus Ladanifcra, Cretica, flore pur- puteo. ers confift of feveral Leaves ranged in Form of a E{ofe ; when thefe fall, they are fucceed-- cd by Fruit almoft round, ending in a Point,. which inclofes fmall Seed. The Labdanum is gathered in three differ¬ ent Manners: Firft, by means of Goars ; for ~ after thefe Creatures have browzed upon the Ciftus Ledon , they return to their Houfe with ‘ their Beards loaded-with a gummy Subftance, which the Peafants take care to take off with a Sort of wooden Combs made foe that Purpofe. They make that Matter up into Lumps; and becaufe they are mixed with little Bits of Hair and other Filth, they call this Beard Labdanum , or Natural Labdanum . They made it up formerly into Cakes* and* fent ic us in that Form ; but now they divide this Matter into two Sorts of Subftances ; they - fee it to melt on the Eire, or at the Sun, they ftrain and feparate it through a Scarce or Cloth, prefling it a little at the fame Time*/ and wrap up the molt liquid and meft effenrial Parc in very fine Bladders : This is the Li¬ quid Labdanum. They afterwards take what . remains, after it has been drained and preffed, and form of that the Rolis of Solid Labda - > num fuch as we fee them, and then dry them. This Labdanum is very impure, being full of Earth and Sand » and yet it is that which is moft commonly ufed in Phyfick for external • Remedies, and for the Paftills which are ufed in Perfumes. The fecond Way of making it is followed in Greece : The Inhabitants beat the Cifiuts Ladanifera with certain Thongs'of'Leather made 5$2 The Compleat Herbal made on pui pofe, and called Ergaftiri. The Labdanum flicks to thefe Thongs, is fcraped off, and made up into Lumps: This is the belt and fweeteft-fmeJI’d Sore. The third Method is pradtifed in Spain : They take the Leaves of the fame Sort of Cijhis, which are large in that Country ; they boil them in Water, and there feparates from them a Labdanum which fwims on the Water, which they gather : This is the wor-ft of all the three j becaufe the boiling carries away and diff pates part of the Smell, or the fpi- rituous Parr. You mult chufe the light refinous Labda¬ num, which has leaft Filth in it, is of a dark Colour, find's fweet when near the Fire, and grows fofc with a gentle Heat, of an aftrin- g»nt Tafte and fomewhat bitter. It contains abandance of Oil and effential Salr. It is proper for Tokening, for digefting, for attenuating, for refolving, for ftrengthening, and for flopping of Blood. It is an Ingre¬ dient in feverai Philters. Schroder fays, That the chief Ufe of it is in a moift and catari hous Head, and in Dy- fenteries. The Antients commend it in*a Cough from thick Phlegm, in the Strangu¬ ry, &c. It is ufed externally in Plaifters that are emollienr, anodyne, and that quiet the Cough, in the falling off of the Hair, of the Tooth-ach, Heart-acb, and in the Pain of the Stomach, (with a little Bdellium they make Pills, i or 2 in Number, to be given an Hour before Eating,) in the Suffocation of the Womb (given inwardly ;) and it cures Scars. It is eft'ecffual in Fumigations, for expelling the Afterbirth and the dead Foetus, for a Schirrhus in the Womb; and is good in a particular Manner for all the Difeaies of the Womb. It is very much celebrated in old and hol¬ low Ulcers, which have hard Lips and very much (welled. Joh. Crato commends a Sear-cloth made of one Part of Ladanum and two of Wax ; as being very good to nourifh the innate Warmth, to diffolve Flatus’s, and for promoting of Di- geftion. There is nothing better for fuch as have a flatulent Melancholy. Altho* this Gum be inflammable, and Oil may be diflilled from it by the Retort, yet at cannot be diffolved by fat Things; but may be wholly opened by the Spirit of Wine: And tho* it cannot be diffolved In Water by boiling, yet the greater Part of it remains untouched ; which is no iefs ufeful than that which is diffolved by Water. TABLE CXXXVIII,CXXXIX. GENUS xr. Nymphsea, t©ateMLtUp. " y Fiower A B, conflfling of many Leaves C D, placed orbicularly : Out of whofc Flower-cup EF, riles the Pointal G H, which afterwards turns to an almoft globular Fruit I, or conical K, confifting of many Cells L M, and full of Seed N O, that is generally ob¬ long. The Species of ®Slafer^ltHP are, 1. Nymphaea alba, major. C. B . Pin. ipj. 2Tlje greater hifttre OTateivIUUp. Npm- phta alba . J. B. 3. 770. Dod. Pempt ^85. It is very like the yellow Watcr-Lilly before it bears a Flower, but has rounder Leaves, with round Foot ftalks both to the Leaves and Flowers. The Root, which is very thick, is covered with a blacker Bark, white and fpungey within, from whence feveral Fibres tome forth, to which it adheres at the Bottom : But the Flowers, which ad¬ here to very long Foot-ftalks that pafs through the Water, are of a pure white Colour, fome¬ what fweet-fmelled, like the Flowers of Lillies , and crowded with a great Number of Leaves ; but the oucermoft Leaves on the outmoft Part are of a greenifh white Colour, like the Star of Bethlem ; and « —— MinnwM 'V' . n^jfrf i -r \\ • ■ . ‘ -• 'fe * . ■:■( j • 1(1 H*’: *i. : tj •' 7 ■«,K5i If > » ra?* v o f. ■• ■ i ; ■ ‘ • 3 »,s I ' rrtHf- ■ §k ■\ ■. \, ■m vikfe . *rji* ..*.■*■.> ■ *«»j. - *i.%- • *. a The Compleat Herbal. 583 tuitl) tastier, eradD rottnc, blttntlp sent# eo lipaues green tmDerneatlj, auD a toijtce ifloteec. . 4. Nymphaea lutea, major, C. V. Pin. 193. Oat pcUotU OTate^iUtlP.. Nymphaa lutea. ]. B. 3. 77T. Dog. Pempt. 585. You will hardly find any Water Plant that has a larger Root than Water-Lilly •> for fome- times it is as big as a Man’s Leg. This yel¬ low Kind has a Root that is green withour, white within, f'pungey and porous, endowed with a bitterifti Tafte, mixed with a certain Aftringency, at which hang many Appen¬ dages, as thick as one*? Finger, blackilh with¬ out, and furnifhed with many fmall Fibre?. The Leaves fwim upon the Water, being a Span or a Palm and half long, a Palm broad, in the Shape of a Horfe flioe, almoft exa&ly round, fomewhat more oblong than thofe of the white Water-Lilly , far, and fiiining with a clammy green, fmooth and flippery on the upper Side, but divided underneath by fome 4 Fibres, with Foot-ftalks as thick as one’s Finger, two or three Cubits long, and fome- times even longer, round, with fungous or fpungy Pith that is pierced by a great many ftraight little Canals; by which feveral Foot- ftalks meeting fometimes at their Rife, a very white Down covers them, as it does alfo the young Leaves, which refemhle the Point of a Spear. The Flowers adhere to like Foot-ftalks, and are of a molt, aftringent Tafte with fome Sweetnefs, fmelling like Sifymbrium Cardamine, confiding of five thick- i(h Leaves of a yellow Colour, except the Bottoms, which are green on the outfide ; but within the five Leaves there is a double Grown, the former confiding of very fmall Leaves, which lying clofe to the outer Leaves feem to be wrinkled, and yellow in like manner, which is alfo the Colour of the latter or inner Row, but fainter, confiding of many Tenons that bend backwards, and Chives that reach to the former Row; The Middle or Center is poflefled by the Sketch or Rudiment of the Head, which is of a greenifti yellow Colour, which is dyed with a deep fiiining green, after the Rows and Leaves of the Flowers are fain (which are now altogether green,) about the Bignefs of a Peppy Head, but exadUy refembling a Pitcher in Form, a big fwoin Belly ending in a narrow Neck, which being gradually dilated, forms the Brim of a Pitcher, which is uneven by reafon of Stripes that (tick our, and bored a little way inftead of a Mouth. This conrains fiiining Seed, which is larger than the Seed of the white Water-Lilly, and fmaller than a Grain of Wheat. The Flower feems to us to fmell like that burning Spirit or diftilled Liquor, which we commonly call Aqua vitae. It grows commonly in Rivers and marfliy Ditches, and in great ftagnating Pool?. The Species of Nymphxa may be eafily known, even when they want both Flower and Fruit, by their large roundilh Leaves fwimming in the Water. This Plant is thought to have received its Name from the Nymphs, becaufe it grows in the Water, which the Poets feigned was inhabited by the Nymphs. Pliny deduces it from one Nympha , who was jealous of Her¬ cules after her Death, and was transformed into this Plapt ; and from hence, fays he, fome call it Heraclion } and others P^palon from its Root which refembies a Club. Apu- leius calls it Mater ILerculana , A J ga paluftris , Papaver palujlre> Clavus Z'eneris, and Digitus veneris; and Marcellui an antient Writer lays, it was called Clava Herculis . In the. Shops it is called by the Arabicl\ Name Nenuphar, The great white Water-Lilly is molt ufed in the Shops, which is to be underftood as often as the fimple Name of Nymphcea is mentioned, without any diliinguifhing Ap¬ pellation $ and yet the yellow Kind is not to be negktfted as ufelefs. The Root, Leaves, Seed and Flowers are all ufed in Phyfick. The Root and Seed cool, dry and bind : The Leaves and Flow¬ ers cool and moiften. Each of them are •£ fpecial Ufe againft the Flux of the Belly, nocfturnal Pollutions, the Acrimony of the Seed, the Heat and Thinnefs of the Blood. The Leaves and Flowers are frequently ap¬ plied externally to allay feverifii Heats and procure Sleep, by wafiling of the Feet with them, or laying the Leaves upon the Loins, Temples, and Soles of the Feet. Schrod. The Preparations made of this Plant are : 1. Diftilled Water from the white Flowers, 2. Diftilled Water from the yellow Flowers. 3. The fimple Syrup of Nympbaa , from the Infufion of the Flowers. 4. The compound Syrup of Nymph*a, 5. The Conferve of The Compleat Herbal. the white Flowers. 6 . The Oil of the In- fafion of the Flowers. 7. The Ointment of Nymphxd. Id. KJirrichterus writes of the white and yellow Water-Lillies, that if either of them be dried in the 'Northern Sun, and hung up either upon the Bed or the Wall of the Chamber where a convulfive Perfon lies, it will cure him in a iMomenr. And the Decodion of the Root, or the Extract is commended by fome againft &ladnef$. K Hoffman . Two Things pretty remarkable may be obferved concerning the Root: One is, That the Nymphcea which bears a white Flower, has a black Root; and that which bears a yellow Flower, has a white Root: The other, That fince both'dryy bind, and cleanfe, the white has a more powerful Faculty of drying, that I mean which bears the yellow Flower ; and the black, or that which bears the white Flower, has a greater Venue of cleanfing, as we learn from Galen, 8 SimpU But it dries, as the fame Author fays, without bit¬ ing, which is an excellent Quality in it, and a great Commendation of it. And therefore Theophrafim tells us, the Ufe of it was very antient in Dyferneries ; and both Diofcorides and Galen carried it further, and ufed it not ©nly in Lienterics and Diarrhoea’s, but alfo in the Whites. But fince it dries up the genital Seed, and eakes away the Power of Generation, it muft be ufed with great Caution. Whether it produces this Effed by a manifeft or an oc¬ cult Quality i-s not material to know ; but . Alpinus tells us, That although the Egyptians were fenfible of the Vertues with which it was endowed, yet many of them dreaded the Ufe of it by Reafon of its debilitating Qua¬ lify in the Point of Generation. Galen tells us. That he added a little Nymphxa in cafe of a Priapifm, and that he found by Expe¬ rience that it produced a Cure by its natural Efficacy or Vertue. And therefore Avicenna cries out, That it leffens Pollution , and de- firoys the Defire of Coition, being drunk, to the Quantity of a Dram with the Syrup of Poppy, and congeals the Seed by a certain Property that is in it. Therefore Profper Alpinus tells us, That the Hermits and others that lead a (ingle Life, make ufe of this to keep them ebafte. And when Diofcorides had told us, that this was effeded by drinking of it for feveral Days fucceflively, Pliny defines the Number of Days to be twelve: For be writes, Lib . 25, ca P • 7 * That xhey .who drink of it for twelve Days, are deprived of both the Defire and Power of Generation. The fame Pliny tells us. That anointing the Genitals with it produces the fame Effed. And Diofcorides wnres, That if the Stomach, Reins or Blad¬ der be anointed with it, the Etfed will be the fame. Theophrajlus tells us, That the green Leaves laid upon a Wound flop the Blood. In Egypt, fays Alpinus, they ufe the bruifed Flowers and Leaves in all Cafes where there is Heat 5 and hkewife the Juice, efpecially to alleviate Pains, mixed with Milk and the Oil of Rffes. In Fevers and Watchings they apply the bruifed Leaves to the Head, and anoint the Forehead and Temples with its juice mixed with Oil and Vinegar. In Ger - many and molt other Places, all thefe Qua¬ lities are aferibed to the diflilled Water : But C Hoffman thinks, they ought rather to be attributed to the Seed, becaufe Avicen wrires, that it is more powerful in every Refped* The Root of white Water-LMy boiled in black Wine and drunk, is a molt effedual Remedy for flopping the immoderate flow¬ ing of the Terms, even when their Cure is defpaired of by every Body. T rag. The Seed has the fame Effed. Henry Petry commends the Decodion of white Water-Lilly in Wine for the exceflive Flux of the monthly Courfes. Do /. lib. cap. 4. § 18. We are told, that the Turks fteep the Flowers of white Water-LiHy in Water over¬ night, wirh which they anoint their Nofe, and thereby fancy they (hall be free from any defperate Difeafes ; the fame Effed is produced by drinking that Water. I make a Conferve and a Syrup of the white Flow¬ ers, which procure Sleep, but not fo power¬ fully as Poppy. Sim . Pauli . The diflilled Water of the Flowers is much commended for taking away Freckles, Spots, Sun-burn and Morphew, from the Face or any other Part of the Body. The Nenuphar or Watcr-Lilly reddens the Turnfol , yields acid Liquors, a little volatile concrete Salt, and abundance of Oil: This / c . * K ■ ■ \ The Compleal Herbal. is the Reafon of its being very lenitive and fofcening ; and therefore the Root is ufed in Ptifans for Gonorrhoeal, Heat of Urine, and even for abating the burning Fits of Love. It is diuretick only by abating Inflammations and Sharpnefs that may ftop, diminifh or fup- prefs the Urine. Tauvry. The Root of white Water-Lilly is fome- whac glutinous and bitter, and reddens blue Paper very much. By a chymical Analyfis it yields a good deal' of Acid and Oil, and •but very little volatile concrete Salt; and there¬ fore it is not ftrange that it is very emollient. The Roots are commonly ufed in a cooling Ptifan for Heat of Urine, and for the In¬ flammation of the Reins and other Vifcera. The Syrup is a little foporiferous, and is given to the Quantity of an Ounce. Tour - nefort. Both the white and yellow Water'Lillies contain abundance of Phlegm and Oil, and but little Salr. The white Water-Lilly is much ufed in Thy lick. The Flower and Root are rnoiftning, cooling, and a little narcotick. They abate the too violent Mo¬ tion of the Humours by their vifeous Parts, aijd are proper for Sharpnefs of Urine, to fweeten the Blood, for. burning Fevers, and for the Rheum, being taken in Decoclior. They are llkewrfe applied externally in In¬ flammations, to (often and fupple the Skin, and to procure Sleep. Lerrnry, SECT. V. Of Plants with a Rofe-Flower, whofe Pointal turns to a Fruit in which the Seeds as it were- nejlle. G E.N U S I. V u t J ' “ JIMumbo. XTCBIumbO is a Plant differing from Nym- phaa by the Form of its Fruir, for it is not divided into Cells like the Fruit of Nympheea , but the Seeds ndUe in it as it were in a fcattering Manner. There is but one Species of this Plant, which is, Nelumbo ZeylanenGum. Nymphasa In- dica, Faba JEgyptia di&a, flore incarnato. Par, Bat- TABLE CXL. GENUS II. Capparis, Capecg. is a Plant with a Rofe-Flower A, ^ confifting of four Leaves B, placed or¬ bicularly : Out of whofe Flower-cup C, rifes the PointaJ D, furniffed with an Embryo, which afterwards turns to a Fruit commonly in the Shape of a Pear E, or Giiquous and fleffy, in which do neftle as it were many Seeds G, which are often roundilh and fhaped like a Kidney. The Species of C&P &3 are, i. Capparis fpinofa, frudfcu minore. folio rorundo. C. B- Pin, 4 po, rOUUtte kab’D Capers, toft!) fmall 3ftuit* Capparis fpinofa . J. B. 2. 63. Capparis retufo folic • Lob. Icon. 635 The Antiems inform us, That there was nothing more troublefome than the Roots of Capers , that fpread far and wide. The Shrub it felf is furnilhed with many Cyons, which are armed by crooked Prickles that bend downwards after the Manner of Brambles „ The Leaves are placed alternately, being ex- a&'iy round, otherwise gently pointed, about two Inches broad, and much of the fame Length, and of a very bitter Tafte. Out of the Bofoms of rhefe come forth long (ingle Foo;:-ftalk$, on which Hand grcenilh Heaas, which coming to open, fee to View a white F f f f Fiow*r The Com pie at Herbal. Flower that refembles a finall Ppfe, an infi¬ nite Number of curled Fibres poftefting the Middle. Much (mall Seed is conrained in an oblor.g Husk in the Shape of an Olive or Walnut, which Parkjnfon fays is hard, brown, and fomewhat like the Kernel of a Grape. It loves fandy and ftony Places. Mr. J{ay obferved it growing wild on the Walls and Ruins at Rome, Siena, Florence and elfe- where in Italy ; and cultivated about Toulon , upon the Walls ; for they plant Capers' in the Holes of Stone Walls made for that Pur- pofe, three or four Foot from the Ground. They gather the full grown Buds of the Flowers before they blow, and leave them fcattered in a fhady Place for the Space of three or four Hours, till they begin to fade, to hinder their opening. Then they put thou into a Veflel and pour Vinegar upon them, covering the VefTel with a Board, and let them remain fo covered for eight Days. They again repeat the fame Operation, fqueezing the Buds, and pouring on frefh Vinegar for the third Time. When this is done, they fhut them up in Barrels with Vinegar. Some mix Salt with the Vinegar, which Kind of Pickle is accounted better, and preferves the Capers entire and found for three 7 ears, fo that they cannot be diftin- guifhed from frefh and new Captrs either in Colour or 7 'afte. 2. Capparis folio acuto. C. B. Pin. 480. Capets. Capparir. Dod. Pempt. 746. 7 his differs in nothing from the former, except in the Shape of the Leaves, which are pointed. 3. Capparis Sicula, duplicata fpina, folio acuto. Bocc . Harior. Plant. 79. Sicilian Capers, tmtf) nouble pickles, ana a Ojarp^pointcu 2Uaf, 4. Capparis non fpinofa, frudn majore. c. B. Pin. 480. Capers lutfyotu ^tckles;, toil!) larger Jfnut. Capparis non fpinofa . ] B. 2. 63. This Egyptian Capers differs not much from the former in the Manner of growing, but that the Stalks are bigger and more uprighr, without any Prickles on them ; the Leaves are round, and Band in Couples at the Joints like the former: The Buds are larger, and fo are the white Flowers in like Manner* aud the Fruit bigger than any of the former; This lofes not its Leaves in Winter as the others do ; and in thefe Particulars confift the chief Differences. 4. Capparis Americana arborefeens, Lauri folio, frudu longiflimo, flore albo. Plum. American SErit;Caper*, ftiulj a ffap 3 leaf, a Derp long ifcttit, ana a fctyue jflotoec. Capers is a Plant, the Rudiments of whofe Flowers, if 1 may fo fpeak, are called Cap - paren by the Greeks , Latins and Germans. Ga%a, the Interpreter of Tbfpbraftus, calls it Inturis. Pliny feems to think it was the Cynosbatos of Diofcarides , becaufe among the baftard Greek. Names in Diofcorides , Cynosba¬ tos is one which he fays was given to Capers in his Time. Some fay it is called Capparis d capite , becaufe the Buttons of Flowers which grow on this Plant, are fhaped like little Heads. The Bark of the Root is tnoft in Ufe in the Shops. It warms and dries, and is pro¬ per for the Spleen ; it is acrid, bitter, fome¬ what auftere; and therefore cutting, open¬ ing, cleanfing and fomewhat aftringent. It is proper in the Difeafes of the Joints, in Hypochondriacy, and the like. The Flow¬ ers pickled are thought to be hurtful to a weak Stomach; but on the contrary are good for .the Liver and Spleen, by opening their Obftrudions. Schrod , Dominicus Chabrxus fays, Thet the Study of pieafing our Tafte impofes upon our Rea- fon at the Expence of our Health. For the Tafte which we perceive in them, is bor¬ rowed from the Pickle and the Vinegar. They have but little Subftance, and little Juice, &c. But the Subftance of the Capers pickled with Salt and Vinegar is hard of Digeftion, but not the Decodion of them, which produces that Effed which is com¬ monly attributed to Capers. The compound Oil of Capers t adminiftred either internally or exrernally, is of won¬ derful Efficacy in the Obftrudions of the V ifeera. The Buds thus pickled, as described a- bove, are brought to us from beyond Sea, and are very frequently ufed for Sauce both for roafted and boiled Meat, and al- fo for Fifh. They fharpen the Appetite, and provoke Concodion* and are good for opening Mi} The Commie at Herbal. *87 ©pening the Obftru&ions of the Liver and Spleen. Lobe/, in his A dv erf aria, prefers the large Capers, tho’ cheaper, to the fmall Capers , thV dearer ; becaufe the larger Sort drink in lefs of the Pickle, &c. I do not well know what he calls the larger Capers ; but it is probable he means that Sort of Capers mentioned by parkjnfov. But of late years we rarely or never ufe that Sort in England, and therefore they are not any longer imported to us. And how much foever Lobel and others de¬ claim againft the Ufe of pickled Capers , yet I find them no lefs proper for the Stomach than they are grateful ro the Palate, nor have I ever found any Hurt by the daily Ufe of them, or heard that others have. Ray. What Pliny writes, if true, is very remark¬ able, Vis'. It is reported, fays he, That they Who* daily eat Italian Capers are in no Dan¬ ger of the Palfy, or of the Difeafes of the Spleen. Diofcorides affirms, l hat the Fruit of Capers refolves the Spleen, if two Drams of them be drunk with Wine for forty Days fuccefflvely. They likewife cure the Pain ard Refoiurion of the Hips, as well as Ruptures and Cpnvulfions. They bring down Womens Terms, and clear the Head from Rheum. Boiled with Vinegar and ufed as a Gargle to walh the Mouth, they cure the Toorh-acb. The Bark, efpecially of the Root, per¬ forms all the fame Things, according to the Teftimonies of Dicfcorides and Galen , Vis'. ic cures the Hardnefs of the Spleen beyond any other Remedy whatfoever, either taken inwardly or applied outwardly ; it provokes the Terms, cleanfes and dries Ulcers. Ic is faid to be proper for the Sciatica, and the Difeafes of the Joints. Applied with Vinegar it likewife cures and ‘dilTolves the Morphew* Wens and Kernels, and digefts hard Tumours, being mixed with Medicines proper for thofe Purpofes. Capers and the Bark of Capers contain fome urinous Spirit, fome acid Phlegm, Oil and lixivial Salt. They move rhe Urine gently, but they are exceeding good for bypochon- driack Melancholies. Tauvry . SECT. VI. Of Hants with a Rofe-Flower, whofe Pointal turns to a Fruit composed as it were of many Cells. TABLE CXLI. GENUS. I. Sedum, Jpaufedeefe. H Dttfe^eefc is a Plane with a Rofe-F!ow- er A C, confifting of many Leaves B D, placed orbicularly : Out of whofe Flower- cup F G, rifes the Pointal E H, which after¬ wards turns to a Fruit I K, compofed as ic were of many Seed-veflels L M, refembling Husks which are collected into a Sort of Head, and full of Seeds which are generally (mail N. The Species of are, I. Sedum majus, arborefeens. J.B. 3. 6 $ 6 . Sempervivum , five Sedum arborefeens , majus » Dod. Pempt. 127. This is a Shrub rather than an Herb, being foretimes two Cubirs high, and as thick as one’s Arm, putting forth many Branches as thick as one's Thumb or better, which are again divided into many fmaller Branches about the Thicknefs of one’s Finger, ending at top as ic were in a round Head, which confilts of many Leaves that lie upon one another very clofe and like Tiles, in the fame Manner as in the common Hou/e-Ieek. Thefe Leaves are fleffiy, full of Juice, and fliaped like a Tongue, /. e. they dilate themfelves F f f f 2 gradu- The Compleat Herbal. gradually from the Root; they are fo gently dented round the Edges with little fine tbick- fec Teeth that they are fcarce difcerned, and have a fomewhat aflringent Tafte. The whole Shrub is covered with a thick, flelhy and juicy B^rk, whofe outer Film is brownilh, and full of Spot's or rather Veftiges of the Bottoms of the Leaves, as in the T ithymahis characia. Sometimes there (hoots forth a thick and as it were leafy Foot-ltalk on the Tops of the greater Branches, bearing fomething like a Tbyrfus or Bunch of many Buds which in Time open into Flowers of a pale yellow Colour, divided into feveral Leaves in the FaChion of Scars, with their Stamina. When the Flowers begin to fade, and haften to the Formation of the Seed, this Foot-ftalk begins to dwindle. The Seed is fmall and black. This Plant is an Ever-green, for before it calls its old Leaves, it always produces new ones, and is eafily propagated by Slips. Clufius faw this Species giowing wild on a rugged and craggy Hill not far from the Royal Caftie of Scyntri y five Miles from Lisbon ; and Mr. l{ay obferved it in Pots in many Places in Italy . Clufrn is of Opinion, That any one that is but moderately skill’d in Botany mull be convinced, that this is the true Sedum or greater Evergreen of Diofcorides : For that which was till that Time accounted the greater Evergreen, was npthing elfe but the C'otyUdon altera of Diofcorides. - l , > .v 2. Sedum majus, vulgare. C. B. Pin. 283.. •f. B . 3. 687. Sempervivum majus alterum live Jovis Barba. Dod. Pempt. 127. COttte mon L)oufr4e£tt, It puts forth Leaves next to the Ground and the Roots, which are thick and fat, , full of clammy Juice, fluip-pointed, thick-fet, even round the Edges, and difpofetf circle- wife in the Shape of an Eye ; and producing feveral fuch Balls, it fpreads it felf very wide all around, and often puts forth.fmall Fibres, by which it fpreads wider, and produces new Balls. In the middle of thefe there rifes fometrmes a Stalk about a Foot high, up- . righr, thickifli, and covered with the like but narrower and (horter Leaves like Scales, and opening at top into bending Branches. It bear$ climbing Flowers which fucceed ®ae another in a certain Series, and are Star- falhioned, reddilh or of a dark purple Colour^ confining of many Leaves ; to which fucceed many Pods or little Horns full of very fmall Seed, and ranged in a Circle. It grows wild among Stones and Rocks, and upon Dikes and, Walls. It is not to be feen wild any where in England , but is Town every where upon Houfes, old Walls and Tiles.- *1 he Scalk bears Flowers after the Summer Self ice; and withers in the Autumn , after it has perfected the Seed. 3. Sedum vulgari magno (imile. J. B. 3. <$88. ^ottfe/Relt rrfcmldtno; tfje erreat common WmikAtzk. 4. Sedum vulgare maximum. H. L. Bat. K\)t ntcatcR common ^oufc4cch. 5. Sedum Jarifolium, floribus magnis "al- bicamibus. J. B. 3. 689. ^ottfodeek* toiilj large tobitt® jdolmisi, Sedum majus t montanum , dentatis foliis. C. B. Pin. 283* Cotyledon altera , fectinda. Cluf. Hift. 63. This is the Sedum majus , alterumy flere At/ante of Parkinfon , but what he means by Atlante I do not underftand. It has many thick and fat Leaves, growing clofe together about the Root, and refem- bling^the Acetabulum alterum five fempervivnm vulgare majus , but fmalier, and gently dented round the Edges, fucculenr, and of an acid Tafte; among which there are many Heads, quite around, which are compofed of the like but .fmalier-Leaves, (landing upon long Robi^ftalks, which growing bigger by de¬ grees, at length form themfelves into new Plants. Out of the very Navel of the Mo¬ ther fprings up the Stalk, which is nine Inches high, leafy, upright, bearing on the Branches a large whirifh Flower confiding of fix Leaves, and refembling the Cotyledon alter ; to which fucceed Pods Or Seed*veflels parted inro as many Aogles, and full of fmall Seed. The Root is like the great common Semper - vivum y but not quite fo thick, whitifh, and then putting forth new Plants, befides thofe already mentioned, at the Sides. It grows in great abundance on all the Hills in the Neighbourhood of Vienna , and on the Mountains of Aufiria and Stiria . It flowers in fuly. 6 . Sedum majus montanum, dentatis folii.% alterum. C• £. Pin. 283. 5 to 0 tljCC CCCCCIt motmtaro Jgoufolcek, tottlj &cntc& JUahes* The Compleat Herbal. Sedi latifolii , flare albicAtite minor Species ma- ^is dentate J. B.,3. 689. Cotyledonis nlterius altera Species. Cluk Hilt. 64. This Species differs in nothing from the former, except that it is fmaller in all its Parts, and the Leaves are more dented. 7. Sedum majus, montanum, foliis non dentatis, floribus rubentibus. C. B• Pin • 283* greater mountain l£oufe 4 eek, tmrt) unoemeu &eafcesi, atttf teisntfb jplolxiero. Sedum montanum, latifolium, flore purpurea. J. B. 3. 688. Cotyledon altera , tertia. Clu r . Hift. 64. This is the Sedum majus , angufli- folium of Gerarde and Parkjnfon. This Species has alfo many Leaves crouded together, thick and fat, and growing in a Ball, but fmaller than the former, and not dented round the Edges, although they feern to be fomewhat briltly ; under which other like Plants furnifhed with thick Fibres propagate themfelves in a Circle, and fend down Roots. Out of the Navel of the Mother comes forth a Stalk which is a Palm and fometimes nine Inches high, fucculent, reddifib begirt with many thick, pointed Leaves full of Juice, which are narrower than the former, and have a purplifii Point, which on the upper Part is divided into little Branches, that are loaded with many Flowers refembling in Shape the Flowers of the Cotyledon alter , but fmaller, and confiftir.g of twelve narrow, pointed, crofs Leaves in Form of a Star, of a red purplifh Colour ; and fucceeded by as many Pods compacted into a Head or as it were a Crown, which pofleffes the Middle of the Flower, with 24 Stamina furrounding it. The Seed which is in rhefe little Pods or Cells is fo very ftgiall, that it almoft efcapes the Sight. The Root is pretty thick and fibrous, like that of the Cotyledon alter. 8* Sedum montanum, tomentofum. C. B. pin. 284. fountain flockp lgoufe4eek* Sempervivum rubrum i montanum , yvct*>a.h£cPe$. Col. Part. 1. 291. This rare Houfe-hek. in the Autumn and Winter has hoaiy or afh-coloured Heads of Leaves, which are fmooth, plain and open like the ordinary Sort; but when the Spring comes, it grows overfpread with a Number of hoary or wooly Threads like a Net, draw¬ ing the Leaves together, and prefenting fe- yeral Figures, as Triangles, Quadrangles^ 5 8 9 Quinquangles, Sexangle^ ( 3 c. the Leaves themfelves being fmaller and longer than the ordinary Sort, but thick and fiefhy. In Sum¬ mer, when the Stalk rifes to be half a Foot high, they .grow pointed up Pyramid-fatfiion, thick covered with that Fiox. Upon the Sraik are fet- many fmaller and narrower Leaves up to the tqp, whicji parts in two, bearing on each fundry large fpread Flowers, of a deep red rofe Colour, ending in ten Points, as if it were fo many Leaves, having twenty Stamina or Threads in the middle tipt with yellow Chives, Banding about the middle Bofs or Knob, which turns to the Seed-veflel ; and each Flower is fet in a pale hairy Husk, which is alfo pointed ; but before they open to be like a Star, they are plaited into ten Plaits, each Plait or Fold being of a deeper Colour. The Root is very’fmall and fibrous, and forces its Way into the Chinks of rocky and Bony Places, where fcarce any Earth is to be found. 9. Sedum montanum, tomentofum, minus." Small, mountain, flockp ©oufe 4 eek* Sedum montanum, ro/eum , reticulatum. Bar. Icon. 10. Sedum Alpinum, rofeum, acqro folio,’ haematodes, majus. H. R. Par . dfjjtfat, fcat^ let, mountain, Kofe l 9 oufe 4 eck > tyitfj a potnteo Leaf. n. Sedum Alpinum, rofeum, medium^ aculeo rubente. H. R. Par. lUOttP.^ catn, mk if)oufe 4 eek, ‘ tottlj rernriOj p^ckleo* 12. Sedum Alpinum, rofeum, minus, St¬ ride 8 c fubhirfutum. H. R. Par . §&nutll, green ana fcmetoljat fjairp, mountain, iftofe lgoufe4eek. 13. Sedum Alpinum, fubhirfutum, folio Iongiore, H. R. Par . ^OtmtaiU leek, fomeuiljat Ijatrp, a longer 3 leaf. 14. Sedum Alpinum, fubhirfutum, corona Boris purpurafeente, difeo viridi. H. R. Par. fountain l£oufe 4 eek, fomelnkat Ijatrp, fcritfj tije Borers of tlje iHotoero of a yttrpXtOj Colour, aim tlje iftollom of tljem green. 13. Sedum minus, teretifolium, album; c. B. Pin. 283. &mall, taper, oi ronnfef feaU’O lnlj(tei 90 Ufe 4 cek. Sedum minus y folio longiufcvdo , tsretij flore candid: . J. B. 3. 690* Vet mi- The Com fie at Herbal. 59 o Vermieula*is y Craffula minor officinarum, & lUecebra major. This is the Vermtcularis fiore albc . Park. H *atOneCtt!p. This fmall Stonecrop or Prickrnadam has Irnall long Leaves fee upon fhort Stalks; which Leaves are like the fat Maggots that breed in rotten Cbeefe, and thus got the Name of Vermtcularis ; they grow in an al¬ ternate Order upon Stalks a Span or nine Inches long, being of a dark green Colour, or marked with many Spots. The Flowers grow'thick as it were in an Umbella, being Scar-fafliioned, confiding of five Leaves that are white on the Infide, with many black purple Chives furrounding a white Navel fhaped like a Cone. The Root is fmall Jand fibrous. It is frequently to be met with on old Walls and Houfes; and bears Flowers in the Summer Months. 16. Sedum teretifolium, majus, fiore albo. Mor. H. Bief. heater, roitnu o* taper* IeaP*tr I^Dttfe^eekj totri) a tuljtte The Leaves of this are like the former, but more thick-fet and growing clofer on the Stalk 5 alfo growing on Walls and Hou¬ fes, but not fo common as the former, lying flat and then fupporting it fclf by its Fibres. 17. Sedum minus teretifolium, alrerurr. c.B. pin . 283. J.B. 2. 691. Siuotljer fmall, taper*Ieab’n I^ottfe/Ieek* Sedum medium, teretifolium , five Sempervivum minus offictna- rum. Lob. Icon. 376. 18. Sedum minus, teretifolium, iuteum. C. b- pin. 283. Sutra!!, taper*leab’ 5 , yeb loft I^OttfC-TfCk* Sedum minus , eeftivum , lu- teum. T. B. g. 602. Sempervivum minus , cefii- vum. Lob. 370. 19. Sedum minus, folio circinato. C. B. Pin. 283. §>ma!I, rountr 4 eafo’& ^mtfe*!cek. Sedum parvum , folio circinato , fiore albo. J. B. 3 * 69 1. Ai^oon Dajyphyllum Dalechampii. Lugd. 1133. This Species has a Ihorr, fibrous, pale and (lender Root, which thrufts itfelf into a fmall Portion of Earth, and into the Holes of Walls. It has a great many Branches four -Fingers high, which are very thickTer. It has a vaft Number of thick, round, whitilh or grey Leaves, which grow very clofe to¬ gether, of an infipid Tafte, with fome gentle Aftringency. The Flowers on the fmall Rods are white and numerous. The Seed is very fmall and reddift. It grows in great plenty on Walls and Rocks about Montpelier y Geneva and Li¬ ons. J. Baithinus and Clafius compare the Leaves of this to the Leaves of the fmall biting Houfe-leel{ , than which they are lomewhac thicker and whiter. 20. Sedum minus, Jureum, folio acuro. c. B. pin. 283. gunallj vtiloto, njarp 4 eab’n T) 0 UlT 4 cek. Sedum minus , fiore luteo. ]. R. 3. 692. Aixoon H.ematodes • Lob. Icon. 378 . 21. Sedum minus, lato & crafio caule, Portlandicum Belgarum. H. [{• Entail pcmlann I^ottfMeek, Uut!) a Inoau ana tfjtCkSDiallt. Portlandicum Sedum. Lob. Icon. 380. Sedum monfir of urn, minus vel platycaulon . H. R. Monfp. 22. Sedum minus, Iuteum, ramulis inflexis. c. B. Pin . 283. smta!! neUolu l8Dt!fe*!eek, ttfulj S 5 ?attdjes bentung tnlrat&s. Sedum minus , luteum y . fiore fe cir cum fie Rente. ]. B. 3. (29 3. Aixoon Sccrpioides , Lob. Icon. 377. 23. Sedum longifolium, citrino fiore. Mor. h. /?. Blrf. 3 long 4 caP’& ll^oufe^eek, tuttlj a Citron iflotter. 24. Sedum arvenfe, fiore rubente. C. B. Pin. 283. Prodr. 13 2. ificlti T^OttfMcek, totth a tmiti) irlotoer. 25. Sedum parvum, acre, fiore luteo. 5P. B m 3. 69 4. §mta!!, fitting I£ottfe*!eek, tattlj a prUoU) Jflotucr. Sempervivum minus , ver- miculatum , acre. C. B. Pin. 283. Sedum mi¬ nus oRavum caufiicum. Cluf. Hift. < 5 r. This is the Vermicularis five Jllecebra minor acris of Gerarde ; and the lllecebra minor five Sedum tertium Diofcoridis of Parkinfon. pepper. Tnis is almoft the fmalleft of all others^ and grows like the Field Houfe-leeky with very many fTnder Stalks, and fmali round Leaves thick-fet upon them ; at the Tops whereof grow final! pale yellow Flowers in Tufts as the others do : The Root in like manner creeps about, fending forth many Stalks, which, as they lie along upon the Ground, take Root and fpread far and wide. The Tafte of this Plant is very bitter and hot upon the Tongue, which chiefly diftin- guifhes it from all the reft j though it may alfo The Comp leaf Verbal. ^pi alfo be diftinguifhed by the Form, being fniall, and thick-fet with round Leaves. 26. Sedum minimum, luceum, non acre. J. B. 3.695. %\)z froallelL, pelloto, inti* pitJ L^Dttfe4CCk. Sempervivwn minus , ver - micu’a'um, inftpidum. C. B. Pin. 284. This is the illecebra inftpida. Park. vEnfflt)02P OTalH^eppcr. This Species is as fmali as the laft, grow¬ ing altogether Jike it in Leaf, Sralk and Flowers, and being alfo yellowish ; but is diftinguiflied from the other only by the Tafte, which in this is nothing biting, but utterly unfavory. Park, Cordus deferibes it thus : The Stalks and Leaves of this Plant are much flenderer and fmaller than in the former : It has little Flowers like thofe of the other, with five fmali tipt Chives in the Middle that bear the Seed, and tbefe (urrounded by ten Stamina ; but not conftituting an- Llmbell or Head like thole of the other, but come forth in an al¬ ternate Order upon little Branches an Inch long growing upon the Stalk. 27. Sedum minimum, non acre, flore a!- bo. fiaii Hift. TO41. %\)c fmallCft, fnftptD tmtlj a toljue jflotuer. Mr. Bpy is in doub f , whether it differs from the former in any other Refpeift than in the Colour of the Flower ; becaufe he had not carefully compared them together. He obferved this Plant growing in great abun¬ dance on the barren Grounds in Suffolk the whole Road betwixt Yarmouth and Dunxvich ; and fays, that it abounds no lefs on the Rocks in Pftsftm or land and Lancafhirc, near the Lake called iVinandermere. 28. Sedum Aipinum, flore pallido. C. B. Pin. 284. fountain feoufc^icek, tottli a pale iHcrttfCG Sedum parvum 3 montanum 3 luteum. J. B. 3. 693. Sedum mir,us> 6tum five Aipinum , primum . Cluf, Hift. 6c. It fends up one or more Stalks a Palm high, and fomecimcs fhorter by one half, a.nd cloathed with many thick-fet Leaves, which are not quite fo fharp pointed as thofe of the common yellow HotijYlee^ and more plain ; and Leaves of the fame Sort grow at the Root of the S alk, and fpread along upon the Ground : The Stalk ic feif is di¬ vided into a good many thick-fec Branches, which bear very beautiful and pretty large Flowers, which are of a fomewhac pale yci- lowilh Colour, confiding of five Leaves, with yellow Chives. The lictle Roots wander on the Surface of the Earth, and produce new Plants. It is of a very drying Tafte. It grows on Mount Baldo , Mount Pilato y and Gothardc . Clufius writes, That it grows on Snebsrg and other Mountains of Stiria % on Mount Taurus and Judemberg , where ic flowers about the End of July and in Au- guft. D. Magnol found it in flower in the Month of July on the Declivity of the Hill called Capoladon a las Cambrettes not far from Montpelier. 29. Sedum Aipinum, rubro, magno flore.' c. b. pin. 284- $)cttntam l^oufe^cek, luttlj n great tYO jflotocr* Ai^oon montar num . Lugd. 113 T. This red flower’d Houfe-leek. has many fmali, narrow and long Leaves lying on the Ground, among which rifes up a Stalk about three or four Inches high, with a few Leaves on it, being longer and more pointed than thofe below, and bearing at top feveral large Flowers confifting of many narrow and point¬ ed Leaves Star-fafhion, -cf a reddifh Colour and yellow at the bottom, with a white Line at the bottom of each Leaf, which are of a (weetcr Smell than in any other Sort* 30. Sedum paluftre, fubhirfutum, purpu- reum. c . B. Pin. 285. Purple ana fomr^ Irdjat Ijatrp tnarfb T 3 oufe 4 cek* Sedum pur - purcum , pratenfc . J. B. 3.692. Sedum minus y yium five ja'uflre. C'luf. Hift. 31. Sedum echinarum vel ftellatum, flore a!bo. B. 3. 680. ^tCfclP 0$ fljiotlfb ©oufe^lcek. Cotyledon ftellata. C.B- Pin. 285. Sempervivum tertium. Col. Phj- tol. 42. 32. Sedum echinarum, flore lureo. J. B . 3. 680. ^tckli> feouf^lcck, tuhfc a pcllotD JFlotum 33. Sedum cepsea di&um: 11 . L. Bat . Cepasa. J. B. 679. Cepa?a Matthioli. Cluf, Hift. 68. This Species fpreads upon the Ground fuc- culent Leaves like Piofiane , but fmaller and rcundifli. It purs forth a Stalk nine Inches long, which lies upon the Ground, and-is divided into many Branches, at each Wing of which grow Leaves like 1 fie former but narrower, oblong and roundilh at the End^ Several Flowers are gathered upon Foot- ftalks an Inch long fiom the middle to ike The Compleat Herbal. the top of the Stalk, but at the fame time 36. Sftdum Alpinum, Coridis folio. reft upon their own proper Foot ftalks, being tain.Botlfeteelt, tUttlj a fair fofc) final!, whitifti, and conlifting of five Leaves; J<te iSUaf, to which fucceed fmali Heads full of fmali 37. Sedum Africanum, fruricofum, Ericje §eed like Filings. It is an annual Plant, folio. Olden. £a>!)2Ul) iSfotCatt renewing it felf every Year from the fain ttUtlj a Seed. 38. Sedum Creticum, faxatile, latifolium. It is faid to grow wild about Montpelier Acre purpurafeente. ^OaMfah’t?, Kock and Geneva. I£otif€ 4 cdt of Canty?, irtitij a purpliOj 34 . Sedum Ceptea dieftum, floribus purpu- jRotyer. ralcentibns. Called £D?piU 0 , 35?. Sedum CretieUm, faxatile, latifolium, iJittl) yurpltft}. Ctp.ta floribus ex viilofum. ffi^oaD^Ieaii’ty t* 0 Ck, trolunp purpureo candicantibus . C. B. Pin. 288 - l^Otlfolcdt Of CaUtJp. 35. Sedum minimum, montanum, flore 40. Sedum orientale, reretifolium, villo- jmrpurafcente, parvo, femine ftellato. ftaii fum. 2Capet C? r 0 ttnfr 4 ia& D, tioWp rut-* Hi ft. 692. eittal ^oufodeek. 3 This Species has a fmall white Root, fur- 41. Sedum orientale, minus, album, folio niftied with many Fibres, and fcarce lives acuto, Januginofo. s^maiL, Luljtf 021 'CUtaI above a Year. From the fame Pvoot rifes fome- i&Ottf&Ieek, ftJttij a ft;arp t?DlHnp XlCaf. times one and fometimes more Stalks (three or 42. Sedum orientale, latifolium, flore mag- four) which are half a Palm long, upright, no b viridi flavefeeme. l^Oat^faalPtl round and reddifti, cloatbed with very thick- ttttal tDttlj a large JflOtUCC fet Leaves, which are placed quite around of a grCfUtll) PdiolU Colottt* without any Order, thick, roundifti, (hort, 43* Sedum ^orientale, minus, folio acuto with very blunt reddifti Points. They bear flore aibo. Entail Oriental Flowers on the top, which are ranged as it lJOUlj a fljavp ItCaf, anh a iuljtte jfloter/ were into an Umbell, and are fmall, five- 44. Sedum montanum, lignofum, dafy- leav’d, fcarce blowing, the Leaves being phylluro. fountain, lignCOUS X&CttOfcl&tt (harp, and a deep purple Line running along Lllttlj UcaPCS. the Middle lengthwife, and more pale at the 45. Sedum ftellatum, annuum, longiore Edges. The Seed-yeflfds ar# divided into folio. j 3 niUtal sDtar*fafl}tOne& KotifMeek five Parrs, Star-faftiioned, with pricking totll) a longtfl) Heat Rays. This Genus is called Sedum either a Se - Mr. Ray found this Plant flowering about dendo , becaufe it (its as it were upon the the Middle of 'fifty on the craggy and high Tops of Houfes and Walls, where it com- Rocks of Mount Jura. monly grows ; or a Sedando , becaufe it eafes D. Magnol found and deferibed a Plant Pains and Inflammations. It is called Semper - not much unlike this* in his Index of Plants vivum y becaufe it prelerves it’s Greennefs that grow about Montpelier , under the Title and Verdure in Winter as well as in Summer . xi>f Sedum annuum y minimum , ftellatum , ru- And the French call it foubarbe, which comes brum. It is a fmall Plant, fays he, an Inch from, jovis Barba , by which Name it was ,or two Inches high, generally riling but with formerly called. Pliny fays, Ic was called one (Ingle ’Stalk. The Leaves are thick and Bupbthalmum, ^eophtbalmum, Steigetbron and roundifti, among which rife whitifti Flowers Hypogeftn ; and lome alfo called it as he which are pretty big for the Size of the fays, Ocutus y and Digitelius . Apuleiw calls it Plant, to^ which fucceed little ftiff tbick-fet Vitalis y and Jovis Barba . In Englijh we ge- StarS, in which is contained fmall Seed. It nerally call it Houfe-leel^; tho’ lome call it is an annual Plant. Sengreen y and Aigreen; and others again fu- The Author of the Defcription often found pitef s-eye y Bullock's-eye, and fupiters-beard'. it with its Flower and little Stars in the The fecond Species is moft in C 7 fe tbo* Month of May , in the Entry into the Grove the reft are not without their Vertues. It is •f Grammcnt , under the Oakj. cooling, aftringent and thickening. Ic is ufed chiefly The Compleat Herb at 593 chiefly inwardly in bilious Fevers; for it quenches Tbirft, and allays the burning Hear. It is ufed externally irt the Squinfy. Scbrod. It is an ordinary thing for our common People to give the Juice of it with Sugar, for Fevers and other hot Difeafes. Id. The Preparations made of it are r I. Wa¬ ter diftilled from the Leaves. 2. The Juice prefled from the Leaves ; which are com¬ monly given in malignant and bilious Fevers. The diftilled Water of this Planr, and the Syrup prepared from the Juice are very pro¬ perly given in burning and bilious Fevers, the Angina of Squinfy, T 3 c. For a defperate Squinfy take the following Gargarifm : Take of the frefh Leaves of Hottfe-leek four Pounds, of Sal ammoniack an Ounce and a half, bruife them and put them into a Cucurbite of Glafs in a fubrerraneous Vault, till the Salt melts ; diftill them in an Alembick till they are dry ; the Diftillation is ro be repeated, or at ieaft an Infufion on Allies; and make a Gargle of this when ic is requifite. This fame great Houfe-leek or Evergreen bruifcd and mixed with Womens Milk and laid on the Forehead, wonderfully allays a Pbrenzy and procures Sleep ; but as foon as the Patient begins to (hep, it rauft be taken off, for fear left he fhould fall into a Coma or continual Sleep. Hoffman. Our Botanifts prefcribe the Juice of Houfe - leek, infufed in Poflet; and Dr. Tancred Bp- binfon fays, he knows it to have been given in this Manner with good Succefs, in Fevers, but efpecially in fpotted and hedtick Fevers for this Plant abounds with a medicinal ai- caline Salt. Tragus writes, That the Juice or diftilled Water o( Houfe-leek. is very good in any In¬ flammations of the Body whatfoever, but ef- pecialiy in the Phrenzy, in the Inflammation and Rednefs of the< Eyes, the Liver and the Reins, dipping a linnen Cloth in it, and lay¬ ing it upon the Part affe&ed. The fame alfo cures the Difeafes of the Joints, and eafes Burnings, The Juice rubbed upon Warrs and Corn* till fuch time as they are well qnoiftened with it* and then the outer Membrane or Film of the Leaves laid upon them, takes them away and heals them. For the Corns of the Feet, Take of the Leaves of Houfe-lsek a fufficient Quantity, and lay them upon them for fix Days fuc- cefllvely. Chefhsau. For the Ulcers of the Womb and Urethra, Take of the Juice of Houfe-leek 4 Ounces, of Litharge I Ounce, and two Yolks of Eggs; beat them long together in a leaden Mortar, and keep the Compofltion for Ufe. This was the Remedy of a certain Surgeon at Paris. Id. The 22d Species is uf^d in Sallads in many Places, according to J. Bauhinus , in which it taftes well and is agreeable to the Palate. Ic feems to agree with the great common Houfe-leek both in Temperament and Proper* ties, and may be ufed inftead of it, if it be neceffary. * Dr. Below found the wonderful Vertues of the 27th Species in curing the Scurvy to which Armies are fubjedf, with incredible Succefs, both internally in Decoctions, and externally applied in Contractions of the Members, in Ulcers, and in rocren Gum?. Epbem. Germ. 6 . and 7. Gbf. 22. Mr. Bay had this Obfer- vation from Dr. Tancred Bobinfon , as ailo from Dr. Palmer. Of the 25th Species Mr. Tournefort fays. That in this Plant ic would feem that the acid Part of the natural Salt of the Earth, has conveyed a corrofive Salt into it’s Tex¬ ture, much of the Nature of the Spirit of Nitre, infolded in and foftened by Sulphur. Houfe-leek analyfed yields Abundance of Acid, Abundance of Earth, and very little volatile concrete Salt. It is probable that ic contains a Salt much of the Nature of Allum mixed with a little Sal ammoniack'j for the Juice of this Plant evaporated away one half, exhales an urinous Smell. Houfe-leek is deterfive and aftringent, and is fomerimes ufed to relplve, but it is repercuflive. For the Squinfy, you muft make the Patient gargle with the di¬ ftilled Water of this Plant, and apply toJiis Throat the Aflacus fluviatilis pounded with its Leaves, A Gargarifm of the Juice of the fame Aflacus and of Houfe-leek, is alfo ufed with Succefs : Tbefe Juices are ufed by way of Injection in the falling down of the Womb, and in cavernous Ukers. The Leaves of r^jis Plant are applied to Corns in the Feer, and to the Nodes of the Gout, G g g g There 524 "the Compleat Herbal. There is nothing better for a foundered Horfe than to make him drink a Quart of the Juice of this Plant. Tournefort. GENUS II. Anacampferos, <3D$fae> or lOltff. is a Plant with Flower and Fruit like thofe of Honfe-lee 4 , from which it differs, in the Judgment of the famous Mr. P K ay, in that it runs up into Stalk from it’s fir It budding, whereas the Leaves of Houfe- Icek are gathered into Balls refembling Oxes Eyes. s The Species of SlD^pttte are, I. Anacampferos vulgo Faba craffa. $-B. 2. 681. Telephium vulgare. C. B. Pin. 287. Telephium alterum five Craffula 130. Common This Species is about a Foot high, with upright, round, folid Stalks, on which are ftreiched very thick-fet, upright, fuceulent Leaves that are longer than Purflane Leaves, of a grey Colour, mixed with fome Tin&ure of Red, and dented. The Stalks are divided at top into fmall Branches, on the Tops of which ftand reddifh Flowers collected into Umbells, and confiding of five Leaves with many Stamina. The Middle of the Flower is poiTefted by feveral little Bags, which con¬ tain generally five Seeds that are hardly dif- cernable for Smalnefs. The Root is made up of glandulous Knobs, from whence it received the Name of Paha inverfa. It is not remarkable either for Smell or Taftc. The Leaves are fomerimes whole and not dented, the Flowers frequently white, as This Orpine differs but little from the laft in the Manner of growing, butahat the Stalks are more flexible and feeble, and the Leaves, which ftand without Order, are more.finely dented about the Edges; and the Tufts of Flowers at the Tops of the Stalks are of a reddifh purple Colour, confiding of five (mail Leaves each, as in the former. The Root is alfo tuberous like the former for the moft parr. Cluf. Park. J. Bauhinus makes it to have an upright and ftifff Stalk ; and fays, the Leaves are nar¬ rower and longer than in the former, and of a more faint green Colour} and the Flowers reddifh, as are alfo the Stamina and Chives. 3. Anacampferos minor, purpurea. %\)Z fmallec purple £D?ptne. Telephium purpu- reum , minus.yQ. B. Pin. 287. J. B. 3. 682. This feems not to differ from the former, except only in the Smalnefs of all its Parts ; and that the Stalks with all the Leaves ut- Dod. Pempt. terly perifh every Year to the Root, which fendech up new Branches. 4. Anacampferos maxima. J. B. 3. 682. XI)c grcattft: £D;pine. Telephium Utifolium , pcregrinum. C. B. Pin. 287* Telephium pri- mum. Dod. Pempr. 130. This is the Tele¬ phium five Craffula major Hifpanica . Park. This Species has two, three, or more Stalks a'Cubic high, full of Juice, and inclining to one Side ; on which are fet Leaves in Order, i. e • in Pairs at Diftances, always growing on Foor-ftalks oppofice to one another, thick, full of Sap as in the greater common Sort, but larger and more flefhy. The Flower grows on the Tops of the Branches as it were Umbell-fafhion, as in the Craffula major , and is pale. It has many tbickifh glandulous Roots as in the common Orpine. It grows in fome fhady Places in Spain] from whence being brought to Holland , it J. Bauhinus delcribes them, though with us ealily took Root and grew bigger ; for it is they are often purple: And this is the Tele> phium tyium purpmafeente flore . Cluf. Hift. who makes it to have but thin-fet Leaves upon the Stalk. It grows chiefly in Shades and Hedges^ iho’ it is often to be found alfo in Fields and Failures. 2. Anacampferos purpurea. J. B. 3.682. l^UtpIC Telephium pnrpureum t ma- }ut. C. B. Pin. 287. Telephiujn fieri bus pm- furcis. Lob. Icon. 385?. fo very lively, that the Slips tbruft into the Ground immediately take Root. It grows fomedmes with white and even red Flowers. 5. Anacampferos minor, rotundiore folio, fempervirens. J.B, 3. 682. &rttaH, tibM* green £D?ptne, toitl) a rounder ILeaf. Tc - lephium repens , folio deciduo. C. B. Pin. 287* Telephium minus, fempervivum. Lob. Icon. 390. This is the Telephium mimrepins five Cepaa Panpi. Park. ... There. The Cotopic at Herbal. 595 There is this Difference betwixt the com¬ mon Orpine and this Species, that this is not only fmaller, but that the Roots are fibrous like the Seftm vermicular* , and jiot tuberous. The Leaves are no lefs thick*fet, but do more refemble the Leave* of Purflane except in their grey Colour, and their almolt exadfc Roundnefs; and very eafily fall, fo that the greater Part of the Stalk is feen naked after they have fain, but ftill retaining the Marks of the Leaves. The Stalks are (lender, round, fomewhat reddiflf, creeping upon the Ground, and nine Inches long. The Flowers grow Umbel*fafliion, as in the common Orpine , each of which confifts of five little Leaves of a whkifil purple Colour ,* but the Chives are yellow ; but in the Middle of the Flower there meet five of them which refemble the pointed Bud of a {{ofe. ' It is green the whole Winter $ and eafily propagates it felf. 6. Anacampferos minor, longiore folio, fempervirens. Entail, tfjffgrtfn fend) a longer &caf. 7. Anacampleros radice, rofam fpirante, major. (Heater £D^tne, tel) a &oot fmelltitg like a 3 &CfC. Ifyodia radix . C. B. Pin. 280. J- B. 3. 683. Dod. Pempr. 347. ou, 0$ Bof^rcot. It has a tuberous Root, which they call I{hodia becaufe of its rofey Smell and Tafte, and is of a (hining brown Colour, white within, brittle, breathing a rofey Smell, and having a Tafte like a fyfe, and pretty much aftringenr. From one Root rife feveral (len¬ der Stalks that are thick-fet with a great Croud of Leaves, of the fame Subftance and placed in the fame Order as the Leaves of the common Orpine , narrow, oblong, pointed, and dented quite round, of a grey Colour, excepting the purpKfti Poinr, and of an aftrin- gent Tafte, The purple Flowers grow Uiri- bel-falhion, to- which fucceed oblong Pods that bend outwards, like the Horns of Colum¬ bine or Nigbtfkade, which are reddifh, and in which is contained very final], oblong, chaffy Seed. It grows in the Clefts of the Rocks and the rugged Pasts of the Mountains of Wales , York/hire, Weftmorlarid> &c. viz. Snowdon , Caderidris , Ingleborough , Hard knot, See. 8. Anacampferos radice Rofam fpirante, minor, ^mailer tel) a Hoot fnteHtng like a iftofC. Hbodid radix mino % H. R. Par. 9. Anacampferos Luficanica, haematodes, maxima, flore albido. %\)t gCCatClJ tCD po^tuguefe tel) a lifjue jflofe Ct. Telepbium Lufitanicum , besmatodcs , max¬ imum, flore paUido. H. R* Par. 10. Anacampferos Portulacae folio. £D$pittC tel) a ^ttrflane Leaf* Telepbium PortulacX folio . Mor. H. R. Blef. 11. Anacampferos flore purpurafeente & foliis rarioribus. £D,:ptnC tel) a purpllflj jplote, anD tljltvfet 3 ieabC 3 . leiephium flore purpurafeente & foliis rarioribus. C. B. Pin. 287* Telepbium tertium y purpurafeente flore • Ciuf. Hift. 66 . It is not much unlike the common O- pine ; only the Leaves are not fo thick-fer, and the Flowers differ in Colour, being of a reddifh purple Colour. It grows along the Sides of the Fields among Briars in the hollow and fhady Way not far from Rptenberg, a City of Hejfe upon the River Palde y where Clufius faw ir. 12. Anacampferos flore albo, fupina. £P$ttte, tel) a jflcter. 13. Anacampferos orientalis, Portulac# fo¬ lio. SD^etuaf flDajfoe, ■ .Uritfj a purflane ILeaf. 14. Anacampferos orientalis, folio fubro- tundo, minori, eleganter crenaro. £Djtgntal £D?ptne, tel) a rmtnDtfl) lleaf finely notclj* CD. It is called Anacampferos , becaufe the Witches formerly ufed it wpas tv dvcudy^eiv fid revocandum amorem } to rekindle Love. All theSpecies of this Genus are vulnerary and aftringenr. The chief Ufe of them is in the Ercfion of the Inreftines occafioned by a Dyfernery, in curing Ruptures, and in the healing of Burnings: For which Purpofes the diftilled Water, or the Root boiled in Wine with Honey is given to be drunk. This Herb has a wonderful Verrue in eafiiag of Pains $ and the Leaves bruifed and laid on, produce this EfFedi both in green Wounds, and in putrid and inveterate Ul¬ cers. The Herb toafted under the Afhes and mixed with Hogs Greafe, and laid on Fe¬ lons or Whitlows, cures them to Admira¬ tion. G g g g 2 The *)r • -»«*#**»**»«*•*« iiwtu wwm »c»at.»i * t .., V1 • *'* f » t! V «, ifu«: The Cowpleat Herbal. It grows every where in great abundance the Cholick, being boiled in Wine; and ra¬ in wet Meadows and Upon the Brinks of ken warm with a little Honey, it opens the Brooks. . Belly. It is called Vlmaria from the Likenefs Meadow-facet yields fome acid Spirits, fome which its Leaves bear to thofe of the Elm, urinous Spirits, fome volatile concrete Salr, The Leaves with the Flowers are in Ufe, and abundance of Oil. It is fudorifick and and fometimes the Root. It cools, dries and vulnerary. The diltilled Water of this Plant binds, and is fudorifick and aJexipbarmack ; delerves to be preferred to that of Carduus and therefore is proper in all Manner of Ben editing and the Decodion of its Root Fluxes, fucb as the Diarrhoea, Dylentery, to that of Sccr^onera. The Infufion of the the monthly Terms, as alfo in Spitting of Root.of Meadow faeet in Wine is good againft Blood : It prevents the Plague. There are Spitting of Blood, the Dyfentery, the Lask, who employ the Root externally, and lay it and too abundant Courfes. Bur then the Ufe frefh and bruifed upon Wounds, both to hop of it muft be continued. The Extrad of ir, the Blood and to confolidate the Wounds, to the Quantity of a Dram, feverai Times Scbrod . repeated, is good in malignant Fevers. T in a wet Place. This Plant is called Barba Capr becaufe the Flowers in their Arrangement are fuppofed to refemble a Goat’s Beard. The Vertues are the fame as in that im¬ mediately preceding. Tj^pttta is a Plant with a Rofe Flower A, x confifting of many Leaves B, placed or¬ bicularly : Out of whofe Center rifes the Poin. tal C, which afterwards turns to a channelled, round, pointed Fruit D, confifting of many Cells E, and compofed of feveral Husks, each of which F, is filled with a roundifh Seed G. The Species of JfogOttta are; 1. Fagonia Cretica, fpmofa. Trifolium fpitiofum, Creticum. C. B. Pin. 330. Prodr . 142. Trifolium aculeatum, Creticum. J. B. 2.388. JCrcfotle cf Cant*?. This is a rare Kind of Trefoil , fays J. Bau - hinus, being peculiar to Crete ; whole Stalk is divided into Branches that grow alternate¬ ly, and are very chick-fet, cornered, divided again into fmaller Branches, lying along and fpreading upon the Ground : But where-ever the Branches and Shoots break out, there come forth two fmall Foor-ftalks oppofite to one another, each of which fuftains three fmall, oblong, fmooth Leaves, that end in a prickly Point; and under the fame Divari¬ cations or Divifions ftand crooked, ftiff, fharp Prickles that bend downwards. [Clufius fays. That at each Joint there are four little Prickles, two looking downwards, and as many up¬ wards.] But above comes forth a (hort Fooc- ftalk from the Juntftion of the Branches, on which ftands a large, beautiful, violet-pur¬ ple-coloured Flower peeping out of a greenifh Flower-cup, refembiing the Flower of the Lyfimacbia fpeciofa , and compofed of five Leaves with yellow Chives poffefiing the Middle. The Pods confift of four or five channelled broadifh Ribs, which meet toge¬ ther at a narrow Point, with a flat, reddilh Seed contained in each of them. 2. Fagonia Hifpanica, non fpinofa. niflj inputs, toit&ottr TABLE The Com pie at Herbal. T99 TABLE CXLII. Fig. 4, GENUS VI. Tribulus, CalttOpS. /^ItrCpS is a Plant with a Rofe-FIower A, confuting of many Leaves B, placed or¬ bicularly : Out of whofe Flower-cup D, rifes the Pointal C, which afterwards turns to a Crofs-falhioned or Top-fafhioned Fruit E, generally compofed of feveral Parts F, that are full of Points, gathered into a Head, and full of Seed H, which are commonly oblong, and neftle in Cells G. The Species of Caltrops are, 1. Tribulus terreftris, Ciceris folio, fetni- num integumento aculeate. Mor. Hift. Oxon . Part. 2.102. llano Caltrops, tuttlj a Ctcfj lleaf, ano a pncklp &reo^oe(Tel* t >n?uim terreftris , Ciceris folio , fruBu aculeate . C. B. Pin* 3^0. T ribitlus terreftris. J. B. 2. 352. Dcd. Pempt. 557. It (hoots down a long, white, (ingle Root, that has a few Fibres at it. It puts forth feveral Stalks that fpread upon the Ground, and are round, hairy, jointed, reddifh, a Palm or even nine Inches long, and divided into many Branches. The Leaves have Fins like thofe of the Cich , one growing at each Joinr, placed alternately, but (landing in Pairs over againft one another on the Tops of the Branches, and hairy like the Leaves of wild Poppy. Yellow five-leav*d Flowers ftand upon pretty long Foor-ftalks that iffue from the Bofoms of the Leaves. To thefe focceed prickly Heads, hanging at pretty large Prickles, compofed as it were of five Triangles, all the Points of which meet in the Center,- the reft of the Angles ftretch out into a long and (harp Prickle. Befides thefe, there are alfo other little Prickles which embrace the Foot-ftalk It fprings up about the End of and is every where to be feen in hot Countries, fuch as Italy and the South of France , with Flower and Seed in the Months of fuly and Augufl. 2. Tribulus terreftris, major, Curaflavicus. Prodr, Far. Bat. & .Par* Bat . 2 EJ;e grfat liana American Caltrop#* Tnbuius ter - reflris, Americanus , Chamcecifti flore f fruftu fpinofo , maximo. Breyn. Prodr. 2. Hort* Amft. Fig. 32. It is nourilhed by a fomewhat ligneous Root 1 from which come forth branched Stalks a little hairy, and lying along upon tbe Ground, unlefs they are fupported. Thefe are adorned by double Leaves, which are of a faint green Colour, pointed at top, refem- bling thofe of the common Land Caltrops , or thofe of Cich , only they are larger. The Flowers are five-Ieav*d, yellow, refembling the Chamaiciftu^ whofe Navel is pofitfled by feveral Stamina , which bear ten fliorr, yel¬ low Heads. In the Garden of Amfterdam it flowered in the Months of fitly and Auguft 5 and to the Flowers fucceeded the Seeds, which refemble the Seeds of common Land Caltrops , but- were larger, and very rarely come to Maturity. According to the Obfervaticn of Dr. Rjiyfckf the Stalks were as thick as a Blade of Corn, jointed and round, to which adhered on both Sides finny Leaves of different Length, one of which confifted of feven or eight fmall equal Leaves adhering to one Rib, but the other oppofice one was compofed only of two. The Flowers in a herby Flower-cup divided into five Parts arofe from the Bofoms of the Leaves, and were fuftained by Foot- (talks an Inch long. Four or five Seeds were gathered in a prick¬ ly Ball, which eafily feparated from one ano¬ ther when ripe. 3. Tribulus terreftris, Americanus, frudha turbinatOj foliis lanuginofis. Plum. j&tttCcD can liana Caltrop#, tout) copper* jfrutt, ana aqtonp Heaney . 4. Tribulus terreftris. Iodise orientals, fo¬ liis Viciae fubrotundis & villofis. Caft ata 2 lana Caltrop#, tout) rouuatft) ana Ijatrp HHetclj lUatoeja. We call this Plant in Englifh, Caltrops or Galtraps from the Form of the Fruit, which refembles thofe Inftruments of War that were caft in the Enemies Way to annoy their Horfcs. Land Caltrops are of an earthy-cold Quality, and therefore aftringenr, and proper to put a flop to Inflammations and Impcftumes, and any Flux of Humours : Befides, having fub- - tie Parts, it helps much to break and wafte the S:one in phe Kidnevs A Lotion made .' ‘ with. £>oo The Cowpleat Herbal. with it heals all Sores and Ulcers in the Mouth, and all Corruptions that breed in the Gums and Throar. The Juice cleanfes Inflammations and hot Rheums in the Eye?. A Dram of it taken in Wine cures the Venom of Vipers, and other Poifons. The.T bracians, lay Pliny and Galen, that live near the River Strywon, feed their Horfes with the green Herb, and live themfelves on the Fruit or Kernel, making it into a fweet Bread that binds the Belly. The Seed bound to fwoln Veins in the Legs or other Parts of the Body, takes away the Swelling, and eafes the Pain. -Park. The Fruit of Caltrops contain abundance of Oil and efTential Salt. It is clcanfing, opening, and proper to flop a Flux in the Belly, to break the Stone in the Kidney?, and to refid Poifon, being taken in Powder. The Dofe is from a Scruple to a Dram. It is (aid that the DecodHon of this Fruit fprink- led in a Room, banifhes Flea?. Lemery. TABLE CXLIII. Fig. i. GENUS VIL juncago, xaRarti'Eufl). Is a Plant with a Rofe-Flow- er A, confiding of many Leaves B, pla¬ ced orbicularly : Out of whofe Center rifes the Poinral C, which afterwards turns to an oblong Fruit D, gaping in the Bafis E, and compofed of three Husks, each of which F, contains one fingle oblong Seed G a There is but one Species of this Plant, which is, Juncago paluftris Sc vulgaris. COHtntOH Ittard) Gramen junccum , fpi - cat urn, feu Triglochin. C. B. Pin. 6, Gramen 'Triglochin . J, B. 0 Hyacinthi parvi facie , Gramen Triglochin. J* B, 2. 5 ° 8 « Gramen marinum , fpicatum , alterum. Lob. Icon. 17, This is a Plant that very much refembles Graf?, but the Leaves referable thofe of the (mailed Sort of Rujh. The Tops end in Spikes, or have Flowers danding upon them confiding of feveral Leaves, and refembling % [{nfe. To thefe fucceed oblong Fruits, each H is compofed of three Sheaths or Husks, within each of which is contained one Seed. This Plant grows in Marfhes. It is deterfive and opening by Urine, but it binds the Belly. TABLE CXLIII. Fig. 2. GENUS VIII. Geranium, CraneS-fet'E. £Hanes 4 )tn is a Plant with a Rofe-FJow- ^ er AC, confiding of many Leaves E* placed orbicularly : Out of whofe Flower- cup D, rifes the Poinral E, which afterwards turns to a . beaked Fruit F, cut lengihwifc into five Channels G, to which adhere lo many Seed:vcdels HIKLM, ending in a long Tail, turning themfelves outward from the Bottom to the Point when ripe, and full of Seed N P, which is generally oblong O. The Species of Ci*an**4)tH are, I. Geranium Barracbioides, folio Aconiti. C B. pin. 317. Crowfoot CraittfeluH, tmfh a OToIfcs 4 )ane JLeaf. Geramum Ba - trachoides, aliud , folio Aconiti nitente Clujii . J. B. 3. 476. Geranium fecundum , Batracbi - oides , minus. Cluf. Hid. 99. The Root of this is pretty thick and fibrous, (hooting down obliquely, and of a bitter and adringent Tad. The Leaves are' like thofe of Geranium fufcum y danding up¬ on long Foot-ftalks, divided into (even or nine Jags, but not quite fo deep as the Leaves of the common Crowfoot Cranes-bid ; befides, they are fofter and more flaccid, not quite fo rugged, and hairy on both Sides, The Stalk is a Foot or even a Cubit high, round, hairy, and furnilhed with one or two Leaves before it is parted into Branches, A great Number of five-leav’d Flowers grow on the Tops of the Branches, (mailer than thofe of the com¬ mon Crowfoot Cranes-bid, of a middle Colour betwixt the Flowers of the red Cranes-biU and thofe of Crowfoot Cranes-bill , vify of a pale purple Colour, to which (ucceed the Beaks of common Cranes-biU\ It grows in great abundance in the moun¬ tainous Forreds, Thickets, Hedges and Mea¬ dows of Ifejlmorland and Torkjhirt. 2. Geranium 'laJ>. *4-9. Sfy.i- Tuncag’o . C$rfet/izrt/- . B P p ■ |b ff °f T ' V ft-J'cu? Sty-*- A- Geraniurn . ^ran&f . f* .&O0- fr .t . «** i * i . : .. I* i U. ! ■ « . W | r •iV'.'- ,* $ •/ ? ■ ‘ e 1 , - ' uj| / • ’ . • • , f ■/ : $ gH*'; * * ' ■ . . ' ' ' • ' / The Compleat Herbal . 601 2 . Geranium Batrachioides, folio Aconiti, flore albo, lineis caeruleis variegato. C. B. pin. 317. Crowfoot CranejkMl, tottf) a OTolfebane Leaf, anb a toljite iflomec aarfegateb toritl) blue £>pot& 3. Geranium Batrachioides, folio Aconiti, flore albo. C B. Pin. 317. CtObtfCOt btU, tmtfy a Mbabane Leaf, anb a tnljite irlobocr* 4. Geranium Batrachioides, maximum, mi¬ nus laciniatum, folio Aconiti. Jp. B. 3. 477. %\)t great Crowfoot Cranes^btU, not fo ntttcl) jagged, toritb a OToIfebane Leaf, Geranii majoris fpecies , foliis magnis, figura ferk (3 magnitudine Aconiti lutei , hirfutv , af- peris. Gefn. App. 292. 5. Geranium Batrachioides, odorarum. c. B. Bin . 318. fetneeLTmelUng Crowfoot CraueS^btlL Geranium Batrachioides , longius radicatum, odoratum. J. B. 3 * 477 * Geranium Batrachioides , alterum . Dod. Pempt. 63. This yields to no Cranes bill in the Beauty of its Flowers, which are of a dark-purple Colour, compofed of five Leaves, and fweet- fmelled, peeping out of a globular, channel¬ led, reddifh and hairy Flower-cup, with a tiling Curl of purplifh Stamina , and ftanding upon hairy, jointed Stalks nine Inches, and lometimes above a Cubit high. The Leaves are divided in fome fort like Sanicle Leaves, and are hairy, or of hoary green Colour, and breath no difagreeable Smell. The Roor, which (hoots down obliquely, is long, about theThicknefs of one’s little Finger, furnifhed with Fibres and jointed Knobs, reddifh with¬ out and white within, with a powerful Aftrin- gency, and a ftrange fort of aromatick Tafte, It is cultivated in Gardens, but the Bota¬ nies are filent as to its native Soil. 6 . Geranium Batrachioides, Gratia Dei Germanorum. C. B. Pin. 318. CttltOfOOt CcancMrilL Geranium Batrachioides. ]. B. 3. 475. Dod . Pempt. 63. The Root of this Plant is thick, (hooting down obliquely, covered with a reddifh Bark, of a box-colour within, fending forth thick- ifh Fibres, and is of a bitter and aftringent Tafte. From thence fpring up feveral Leaves, ftanding upon Foot ftalks nine Inches long, of a round Figure, refembling thoie of Wolfs¬ bane, divided into feven .confiderable Jaggs almoft to the Footstalk, and rugged with deep Veins. The Stalks are (lender, a Foot or a Cubit high, round, and covered with a (hort whitifh Down, as are alfo the Leaves and their Foot-ftalks; naked of Leaves till they are divided into Branches, where com¬ monly there are fet rwo of them oppofite to one another. The Stalk is divided into two Branches, and each Branch again into other Branches. From the Angle of each Divari¬ cation comes forth a Shoot that fuftains and rather purple than brown : And the whole Plant feemed to be more hairy than that. 14. Geranium phaeum five fufcura, petalis reflexis, folio non maculate. H. L. Bat. Cranes^inll, mt\) jHotoers Ding benhing ilLeatieg, atrts a Jleaf that ts not CpottetJ. 15. Geranium phaeum five fufeum, petalis re&is feu planis. Mor. Hifl . Oxon. Part 2. 515. HBsotnn Crane&dttH, Dritb plotters Rafting ftraigbt o^pIatnileaDegi. Geranium fbao five pullo flore Clufii. J. B. 3. 477. From one Root it produces a great many Stalks a Cubit high, firm, jointed, green, but beftrewed as it were with Drops of Blood, covered with Hair, and divided into feveral Branches: At the Tops of which, at each Joint, grow long Foot-ftalks, on which ftand Flowers in Pairs, confuting of five fmall jag¬ ged Leaves, in which this differs from the other Cranes-bills , of a deep reddifh Colour^ and as it were black, many twifted Stamina with a Fointal fticking up poflefling the Mid¬ dle. Then fucceeds the Seed in (harp-pointed Seed-veflels, (which is brown) which when ripe fly afunder, and fold together as in the other Cranes-bills. From the Root rife many Leaves that are large, fofc, covered with Down, nervous on the back-fide, refembling the Leaves of Crowfoot Cranes-bill , divided in¬ to five, fix or feven deep Jaggs, and then ■dented round the Edges; luch like alfo grow every Knot under the Branches^ but final ler* and are therefore called Interamnes. 16. Geranium phanim five fufeum, petalis re&is feu planis, folio macuiato. U. L. Bat; l&oton Crane&btl!, tottfy JFIotoers IjaDing ftratgbfc 0 ; plain ^Leabes, ann a Leaf not fpotteo. 17. Geranium radice grumofa. C. JB . pin. 318. UbtrtbdUS CranegUnH. Geranium Af- phodeli radice. J. B. 3. 475. Geranium <\.tum 9 bulbofum Pennei . Ciuf. Hift. 100, This Cranes-bill has many final] Bulbs or Kernels ifluing from a long wbitifh Root, which is knotted and jointed, and feveral Fibres fet both above them and at their Ends. The Stalk is about a Cubit high, with Joints or Knees in feveral Places, at each of which come forth fmall fharp-pointed Leaves, as al¬ fo two large Leaves upon long Foot-ftalks, divided into five Parts,* each of them fome- what notched on the Edges. At the Tops of the Stalks and Branches, and alfo from the upper Joints, come forth feveral Flowers to¬ gether, eacu (landing on a fhort Foot-ftalk, confiding of five Leaves apiece, of a reddilh purple or rofe Colour, not fo large as thofe of the Crowfoot Cranes-bill. 18. Geranium nodofum. C. B. fin. 31& 3kttOttC9 CrnnCS^blH. Geranium magnum y foJio trifido. J. B. 3. 478. Geranium quintum , nodofum Plateau. Cluf. Hift. 101. It fends up from the Root feveral pretty firm Leaves that are divided into five deep Jaggs ; among which rife two or three (lender Stalks a Foot high, of a dark purple Colour, jointed and knotted, bearing two Leaves at each Knot or Joint oppofite to one another, cue only into three Jaggs; and then pretty long Foot-ftalks from the Middle Wings, on which ftand two and fometimes three or four Flowers together, confiding of five fplit Leaves of a purple Colour, but marked with foma The Comp!eat He rial. 6 03 fome deeper-coloured Veins, a red Umbon flicking up in the Middle, fplir at top into five Parts, which afterwards turns to a long- ifh Bill, which contains Seed on the lower Part in fwpln Bags, that flys out of its own accord when ripe, as in the ocher Species. The Root is knotted and jointed, and fur- nilhed befidcs with fome Fibres. Mr. R*/ found this Species in Dauphin going from Grenoble to La fontnine que b) u'e, by the Sides of Hedges. 19. Geranium Mufcoviticum, purpureum. park- Thcar. 705. ^Bttrple CranesktoU of ^tifeoup. This purple Cranes-bill has broad Leaves commonly divided inco five Segments, and likewife dented round the Edges, fomewbac refembling Geranium fufeum , but not quite fo large, or rather like the Geranium Bpma- num verficolor , but of a deeper green Colour, having fome black Spots alfo like them at th$ bottom of the Divifions of the Leaf. The Stalk rifes above two Foot high, with feveral Tufts of large blue Flowers tending to red. The Seed that follows is almoft as fmall as that of the P{oman ftriped Kind. The Root fhoots forth feveral Heads, by which it is encreafed, but lofes all its Leaves in Winter , which the others do nor. 20. Geranium Romanum, verficolor five ftriatum. Par^.Parad. 229. Gamble, IfCipCD, l\ontau Crancs/htll. From the Root of this beautiful Cranes-bill come forth many broad fibrous Leaves, of a pale or yellow green Colour, divided into five or feven Segments, but not to the Center or Foot-ftalk, as in the Geranium Batrachi - aides. Every Leaf is marked at every Di- vifion or Angle of Incifion with a dark purple Spot: In fumm, the Leaves are perfe&ly like thofe of the Geranium fufeum , both in Shape, Colour, and Spots, and differ only in this, that they are fmaller. Among the Leaves rile feveral Stalks a Foot high and better, which are jointed and knotted, bearing three or four Flowers on their Tops, which are five-leav*d and white, moft beautifully variegated with a great many fmall Lines or Veins of a red purple Colour, meeting one another in bend¬ ing Arches, and joined as it were by Anafto- mofes ; fo that you will hardly fee fo many Nerves upon any green Leaf. The Middle of the Flower is pof&flfed by a fmall Pointal, which becomes the Seed-veffel after the Flow¬ er falls. The Root is eompofed of many ; fmall yellow Fibres. 21. Geranium fanguineum, maximo floret c. b. pin . 318. BIoodp CranesbdnU tmtjj a bCCP IfitgC iflOtUEr. Geranium fanguineum five Hamatodes , crajfa radice . J. B. 3. 478- Geranium Jmum y Hamatodes. Cluf. Hift. 102. This Species has a thick Root furnifhed with fome Fibres, and fpreads new Shoots under-ground every Year from the Sides, which not only fpread Fibres in like manner, but alfo fortify chemfelves fometimes with thicker Roots. It fends up feveral Stalks a Cubit high, which are reddifh, hairy, joint¬ ed, and divided into many Branches. At each Juncture grow two Leaves of a round Fi¬ gure, which are divided almoft to the Foot- lialk into five Jaggs that confift generally of three Parts, and are hairy, green above, and hoary underneath, and furnifhed with a dry and aftringent Tafte. From the upper Wings come forth oblong Foot-ftalks, each of which fuftains one fingle Flower, which is the great- eft among all the Species of Cranes-bill t al¬ moft equal to the Flower of the male Cifius % of a beautiful red Colour, made up of five Leaves, and ten Stamina within, which are fupported by five nervous, hairy, greenifh Leaves that rife under them. To the Flower fucceed five-cornered Bills, which contain Seed in fwoln Bags, which flies out with a Noife when ripe, and the Points of the Baggs twift themfelves round at the fame Time. It is frequently to be met with in Heaths, mountainous Copfes and Thickets, but is rarely found elfewhere. 22. Geranium hsematodes, fiore variegato* Hort . Edinb. Uglconp Ct'anee^btH, tmtfj a liartcgacfb iflolner. Geranium hamatodesy Lancafirenfe, fiore eleganter flriato « Raii. Hift. 1061. It agrees in all Things with the common bloody Cranes-bill, except in the Colour of the Flower, which is white variegated with red Stripes. This Plant was found in the Ifle of Wak^ ney near Lancafier , by Dr. Lawfcn, andfhown to Dr. Newton growing on a Tandy Place on the Sea-fhore. 23* Ge- Hbhh 2 604 TJta Cowpleat Herbal. 23. Geranium baematodes, foliis majoribus, palhdioribus & aicius incifis. R4/1 Synopf 219. ®!ootn> Crane&dnll, tmtlj ixr^ater ana paler lUaaes mine aeeplp jagged 24. Geranium fanguineum, cauliculis e- re&is, flore minore. H. L. Bat. UBIOOliP Cranes^btll, tmtij umtgljt &talk£, ana a fmaller ifltotm. 25. Geranium tuberofum, majus. C. B. Pin. 318. f.H, tmtb a larger iflo&er, inljofe ileabeo are fpltt in ttuo. 42. Geranium Coiumbinum, majus, foliis tenuiter difledfcis, foliis florum bifidis. Bot . Monjp. <25?eater SDobe^foot Cranes-tuII, toidj 3Leahe0 finely cut, an* Jflotoers tubofe BLeabeo are fplit in ttoo. Geranium gruinale , folio tenuiter dijje&o. ]• B. 3. 474. 43. Geranium folio Althaea?. C. B. Pin. 318. ^arfl>mallo\n4eab’b Crane&4nll* Gera¬ nium Malvaceum . J. B. 3. 472. Geranium Malacoides. Lob. Icon. 662. The Leaves of this Species bear a near Re- femblance to Mar fo- Mallow Leaves, both in Size, Colour and Softnefs, and are fomewbat oblong, hairy, dented round the Edges, hang¬ ing at Foot-ftalks two or three Inches long, and fometimes almoft nine Inches. The Stalks from the fame Root are many, hairy, pretty thick, nine Inches or a Cubit high, efpe¬ cially on a fat Soil or a Dunghill. Out of the Bofoms of the Leaves comes forth a Foot- ftalk two or three Inches long, divided into many Parts, on which ftand many blue, five- leav’d Flowers, to which fucceed Beaks an Inch, or an Inch and half long. It grows wild and in great Plenty about Genoa in Italy , Montpelier and eifewhere in the South of France. This Plant, fays J. Bauhinus> is fometimes not above four Inches high, with oval, notch¬ ed Leaves, almoft like thofe of Betony. 44. Geranium Althaea? folio, floribus fatu- ratius rubentibus. H. L. Bat . ^ParfiMttaD lot&deab’b Ctanes^btll, tottlj j?lo$ers of a beeper reb Colour, 45 - Ge- The Compleat Herbal. 6oj '45. Geranium Malacoides, minus. C. B. .Tin. 3 ip. Pro Jr. 138. Smaller sparifcmal;; Irrt&Teatfa Cranw/biH; « 46. Geranium Malacoides, craflfb, rugofo, integro folio. Bore. Muf. Tab. 8p* ^Datf?); 5 malfol&TeabtJ Cran& 4 rfRj tottf) a tljtdt, rtlggCtl, tuttre IUaf. Geranium Malacoides , fupinum, lato , rotundo , craffo, rugofo^ integro folio , rfc# brevijjima Carinenfc . Ejufd. pag. lop. This Plane lies upon the Ground, and fpreads a great many Branches orbicularly a Palm and a half in Diameter. The Leaves are large and rugged, like thofe of Alder or Elm : The Beaks are (hort : The Flowers are Rofe-falhioned. It is found in a hilly Place a Mile diftant cf Terra diCarini , in the Road that leads to alle Croce , in Sicily . 47. Geranium pufillum, fupinum, mariti- munij Altbaeae aut Betonicaj folio, noftras. Hift . 1056. ©mall £>ca Craues 4 rfH. The Root is pretty thick, and fingle, and (hoots down dire&ly into the Ground, being furnilhed with few but pretty large Fibres, and a yellowilh Bark, and of a naufeous Tafte. When it firft comes up, it fpreads a great many bending Leaves quite round, that ftand on thick, hairy and fomewhat flat Foot-ftalks two Digits long, refembling Be- tony Leaves, but four times fmaller, more deeply jagged, and rough with (hort thin-fet Hairs. The Stalks or Branches are thick, fucculent, hairy, and lie upon the Ground. The little Flowers are herby, fcarce difeern- ible, and of a purple red Colour. The Beaks are half an Inch long, and grow in Twos or Threes on the fame Shoot or common Foot- ftalk.. It grows in gravelly and Tandy Places on the Weflern Coaft of England , vi%. in the Ifte of Anglejy, in Wales about the Town of Carnarvan, in Cornwall about Penfans, and elfewhere. 48. Geranium Alcaeae veflcariaj foliis. Park* Tbeat.yoy. tfl&nice ^aHo^eabfc Craned ML This Species of Cranes-bill fpreads it felf far and wide with its long (lender Bran¬ ches, whereon are fet at certain Diftances many Leaves like the Venice Mallow, but more divided : The Flowers are fmall and purplifh ; after which follows the Seed con¬ tained in fmall Yeffels.. The Root periflies every Year. Patlfinfon fays, that the Seed of this and another Species among many others were brought him by Guilleaitme Boef 3 which he gathered in Spain at Mr. Parkin- fons Charge ; however, fays be, Mr. Goodyer getting the Seeds from Mr. Coys , caufed ic and divers other Things to be publiflied in his Name ; notwithftanding Mr. Parkjnfon told him the Charge was his, who procured ic and many others. 4P. Geranium Robertianum, primum, vi- ride. C.B.Pin. 319. Geranium Robertianum, murale. J. B . 3. 480. Geranium Robertia¬ num. Dod. Pempt . 62. IBerb Mo bztu Herb Robert is to be met with every where in old Ruins, with a fmall Root of a Box-co¬ lour, which fends up Stalks nine Inches, and a Cubit high, rough, jointed, reddifh, and branched, efpecially about the Joints, and near the Ground. The Leaves rife partly from the Root and partly from the Joints, and are hairy, upon a reddifh hairy Foot-ftalk, divided aim oft like the Leaves of Mother-wort , there being only three principal Segments, fmelling like Parfnip when bruifed, of an aftringent Tafte, fomewhat reddifh about the Edges, and fomerimes wholly fo. The Flowers are of a purple Colour, and ftriped with fainter purple, confifting of five Leaves, and (landing in a hairy, black-red, quinque- partire Flower-cup, with faftron Chives in the Middle. To them fucceed pointed Beaks,. which have Seed hanging at them. It grows on old Walls, Trees that are cut down, on the Banks of Ditches, and ruinous Places, and flowers the whole Sum¬ mer. 50. Geranium Robertianum, primum, ni- bens. C. B. Pin. 319. MtfJ Mofort. This Plant rifes up with feveral (lender," _ reddifh Stalks three Foot high, at whofe Joints ftand Leaves upon (horter yet reddifh Foot-ftalks, divided at the Ends commonly but into three Parts, as large or rather lar¬ ger than the former, and inclining to red likewife. The Flowers are purplifh red, and of the fame Bignefs, and fo are the Seeds and beaked Heads; the Root is wholly red both within and without, not fmelling fo ftrong as the former. 51. Geranium Robertianum, fiore albo# Mor. h. r. Blef Mobert limb a toljtce iflo&er, 5 - 2 . 608 The Compleat Herbal. 52. Geranium lucidum, faxatile, foliis Geranii Robertiani. Rait Synopf. 218. in$ §>tone Cranes4nll, lute!) Leabes like tf) ofe cf Robert* 53. Geranium Cicutae folio, acu Jongifli- me. C. B . pin. 319. P>Wr. 198. H$tml0Cb^ Ccanes^hiH, a hezv long JEeak* Geranium Coriandri folio, odorum. Ejjufd. 319. Geranium Apulum, Coriandri folio , alter um^ odorum • Col. Parc. 1. 135. Ic bas fome Refembiance with that which is thought to be Candy Cranes-bill y for its firft Leaves feem to agree with that, but the others are much larger, more jagged, and divided like thofe of Motherwort, unlefs that they are fomewbat blunter $ the Leaves next the Stalks are foft, and refemble thofe of Coriander , covered with Hair that is fcarce vifible, fweet-fmelling, landing upon long Foot-ftalks about a (mail Root, (which is yel¬ low or reddifh and Ihort) fomewhat raifed above the Ground, red, and having little Ears or Wings at the Bottom of the Foot-ftalk a- bout the Head of the Root from whence they rife. Ic produces a hairy Stalk in March y furnilhed with Joints as that of Candy and the other Species, on which are fet two fmall Leaves upon Ihort Foot-ftalks that rife from the Joints* and furnilhed alfo with two carti¬ laginous reddilh Beards as in the reft, but bigger : Out of whole Bofom rifes a little hairy and vifeous Sialk half a foot Jong, ha¬ ving a Bafts divided into five Parts, from whence come forth four or five Foot-ftalks, that put forth Flowers of a faint purple vi¬ olet Colour, confifting of five Leaves, within five fmall hairy Leaves that fupply ihe Place of a Flower-cup, which are (harp at top but not pricking. To thefe fucceed Bills four Inches long, thicker at Bottom, and (len¬ der at top, and divided into five fmall Points, which fly afundet when dry, and twift with¬ in themfelves like Vine Tendrels ; and then they leave a hooked Point befet with oblong Briftles, which at bottom contains an oblong hairy Seed. Jt-has a very aftringenc Tafte. It grows wild in fandy Places, and flowers =about Midfummer . 54. Geranium Cicutae folio, Mofchatum. c. b. Ph. 319. Csane& 4 nH, tmtlj a hemlock Leaf Geranium fupinum • Dod. Tempt. 63. This Musk or fweet Crdnes-bill bas feveral winged, long dark-green Leaves lying upon the Ground, yet fomewhat whitifli by reafon of the Hairs thereon, cut into many Parts or fmaller Leaves, and each of them cut in on the Edges $ among which rife weak tender Stalks fcarce able to ftand upright, ufually not a Foot high, with fome fuch-like Leaves upon them as grow below, but fmall and finer cut in at the Ends $ and among the upper Leaves fometimes alfo grow feveral very fmall red or crimfon Flowers ; after which come very fmall Beaks or Bills with Seed at the Bottom, as all the reft of the Cranes-bills have ; which twines it felf as moft of them do. The Root it fomewbat long, and furnilhed with feveral Fibres. It hath a Smell which fome refemble to Musk, from whence came the Name ; tho’ the Scent of the true Musk is much different from ir. It grows wild in great Plenty in the moun¬ tainous Part of Tor[hire y called Craven ; and Mr. I{ay likewife found ic not far from Bri - flol , as he was going.to St. Vincent's Rock. 55* Geranium Cicurae folio, inodorum. c. b. pin . 319. ^nulocMeab’b Crane#** bill, tmt&mit j&rent. 56. Geranium Cicutae folio, minus 8c fu¬ pinum. c. b . pin. 319. Ignnlocfcleab’D, fmall anb Iota Crane&JriH. The Root is white and fingle, having ten¬ der Fldh, with a harder and tougher Nerve within, and a Tafte like that of Radifh y furnilhed with a few Fibres, pretty thick, and (hooting deep down into the Ground, From the fame Root rife feveral rhickifh, round, hairy Stalks, bending to the Earth, branched, and cloathed with thick-fee Leaves. The Leaves are winged like the fmall Saxifrage Burnet , and divided into frequent and deep Jaggs. On Shoots or Foot-ftalks two or three Inches long, coming forth from the Sides of the Stalk where it is fplit into Bran¬ ches, come forth four, five or more Flowers together as in an Umbel], (landing upon their own proper Foot-ftalks that are half an Inch long or longer ; being purphlh, five-Ieav’d, the Leaves being narrow, blunt, not fplit, and (landing in a five-leaCd Flower-cup. The Stamina are ripe with reddilh Chives. Then follow the five-lobed, beaked Seed- veflels, the Beaks .being iharp, an Inch Tlx Compleat Herbal. 609 long and better^ The Seeds are five in Num¬ ber, oblong, brown or rufFer. It grows wild in Tandy Places, and flowers about Midfummer. 57. Geranium Cicmse folio, minus Sc fupi- rram, flore albo. C. 3 . piv. 319. Iftctttlocfe teatfti fmall leaning Cranes^lrill, tmtl) a Inijtte jHo^er. Geranium arvenfe, album. Taber n. Icon. 57. This is a Variety of the former, which al- fo Teems to differ from it in Specie, in its large white Flower and broader Flower Leaves ; in its thicker, fliorter and paler Stalks, whereas thoTe of the former are red; and laflly, in its larger Leaves, and lefs nicely cut. It is Found in the Tame Places with the former, but is much rarer. 58* Geranium Cicutae folio, ere&um, Ro- manum. Bocc. Muf Part . 2. 93. Tab. 81. tOLp^ rtgkt, i&oman, i§emlock4eafcti Cranes.* bill. This Plant riTes a Foot high. The Leaves are numerous and jagged, refembling tbofeof Ox-eye, or Hemlock# with a very long Foot- ftalk. The Form of the whole Plant ap¬ proaches nearer to an upright and pyramidal than to a lying Pofture. The Bills or Beaks are long, but fmaller than thofe of Geranium Cicutez folio, acu longiflima. C. B. It is found two Miles from Rome on a Hill and Vineyard adjoining to the Monaftry of Sr. Paut <59. Geranium Chryfanthemi Cretici folio, Neapolitanum. Bocc. Muf. Part. 2. Tab. 83. igeaptrtitan Cranesvhtll, tnitlj a Cannp Co?n^marigtffo lleaf. This is a Shrub which rifes a Yard high. It bears hairy jagged Leaves, after the Man¬ ner of Candy Corn-marigold. The Beaks re¬ ferable thofe of Geranium Cicuia folia. The Flowei-s are of a faint blue Colour. Boccone found it near Brindifi in the Kingdom of Naples. 60. Geranium latffolium, longiflima acu. C. B. pin. 519 . Crane^lull, tDitfc a berp long 1HH. Geranium fpecic- fum, anmtum , longijfimis roftris, Creticum. J.B. 3. 479. Geranium Creticum, annunm, hamate - des. Lob. Icon. 662. It overftiadows the Ground with a great Colle&ion of hairy, knotted, long, tender Branches, which are furniftied with long, hairy, fomewhat reddifh, finuated and jagged Leaves of an acid and aftringent Tafte. The Fiowers are of a beautiful blue Co¬ lour, confiding of five Leaves, with a purple Pointal in the Middle ; around which Aand$ a five-leav’d Flower-cup compofed of Threads joined by a middle white pellucid Membrane. The Beak is above a Palm long, and fome¬ what thick at Bottom. The Seeds are larger than in the other Cranes-bMs , lharp and pun¬ gent. Mr. Bay found this in Sicily near Mcffina, where it grew wild • from whence he under- flood it was not peculiar to Crete : And C/«- fius fays, it grows about Montpelier. 6 1. Geranium Maririmum, annuum, lacx- niatum, acu longiflima. Maritime, atllUtal, Jaggeu Cranes/mll, trntlj a long ®tu. Geranium fupinum Botryos folio, acu furfum fpeftante. Bocc. Muf* Parr. 2. Tab* 145. Geranium Botrys folio. Ejufd. Tab. 109. This is an early Plant, a Span long, lying upon the Ground, with many Branches ex¬ tending every Way in a Circle of a Foot di¬ ameter. It bears Bills half a Span long, flraight and looking upwards. 62. Geranium craflo Batrachioidis folio* Bocc. Muf. Part . 2. Tab. 1 28. tint}) a fljtck Crolofoot Crane^MU 3 Urtff* Geranium fupinum , rotundo Batrachioidis , craf fo , tomentofo folio , radice rufefeente , longius ra - die at a. Ejufd. pag. 160. It grows about a Palm long, and lies upon the Ground. It bears Leaves refembling thofe of the Ranunculus Batrachioides , but they are fmall, roundilh, and woolly* The Flowers have a Wine Smell, to which fucceed fmafl Beaks. The Root is thick, reddifti within, and perennial. It is found near Otranto in the Kingdom of Naples, not far from Cafini. D.Peppe la Gatta. 63. Geranium minimum, Cbamaedryoides* Bocc. Muf. Part. 2. Tab. 128* SCI )t fmalleft ©erman&er4tke Crattc&btn* Geranium ajlivum, minimum, fupinum, Alpinum, Chdfna- dryoides, flore albo , varlegato. Ejulid. 1 6c. It is a low Plant, and fmaller than any other Species of Cranes bill. It bears fmall Germander Leaves, like thofe of 4 lfwe foliis Trijfaginis * Lob. The Flower is white and variegated* It is found on St. Mishael*s Mount I i i i in 6io The Compleat Herbal. in Corjiea, in the Summer, and is about half fan Crattttfeblfl, tottlj a SUfciesfeflUmtle a Span high. Ijatrv 3 Lcaf, aits UJljitC 64. Geranium Petramm, Cicurae folio, ra- 69. Geranium Africanum, Betonicae folio dice craffa. Bot. Monfp. Mod* Cran£S*btlI, laciniato & \nacuIato, floribus incarnaris. tottl) a Kent !otk tieaf,, anb a tljtck Moot, h. l. Bat. African Cratte^biU, tottb a Geranium feetidum. Park. JOp. Lob. Iliultr. jaggeb anb IjJOtteb 3 leaf, anb CamattOU 134. if totters. This Cranes bill bears feveral hairy green 70. Geranium Africanum, Betonicae folio Leaves, finely cue in on the Edges into many procumbens, floribus parvis, eleganter varie- Parts, from among which rife two or three gatis. Pluj;. Almag. Bot . Uptng 3 frtCatt flender hairy Stalks fet at the Joints with a CraneS*blH, ttttj) a UBetOUP Ileaf, anb few fmall Leaves, and three or four fome- fmall plotter# bcaUttfltlfP bartegateb. what large reddifh Flowers above, like the 71. Geranium Africanum, no&u olens, tu- other Sorts, fmelling fome what fweet in our berofum 8c nodofum, Aquilegiae foliis. H. L. Gardens by Tranfplantaticn, but ftrong in the Bat. African bttibOUS anb fettOtteb Cranes* native warmer Climates; after which come bill, tXjat ftttdte in t\)Z i£>tgljt, ttttl) Co* the Seed-veffels, which are fome what long, luntbine HeabeS. Geranium AZthiopicum , ftrong and fttff. The Root grows down deep, noSiu olen /, radice tubero/a , Aquilegi and not with a moderate, white, filken Down, so ftink fo much as to make one Swoon, as It is propagated both by the Seeds and the j lobel fays. Knots. 65. Geranium Hifpanicum, rnagna radice, 72. Geranium Africanum, nodu olens,’ Cicutae folio crafliori. Schol. Botan. ^pantfl) Aquilegiae folio, flore incarnato rubente. Pink* Cranes*btH, ttiilj a big Moot, anb a tljtck Phytog. Tab. 186 . Fi$. «$. African Cranes* Igemtocft lleaf. bill tfjat fmelte'tn tbe Jgtgbt, tottl; a 66 . Geranium Africanum, arborefeens, Coltimbtne ilUaf, anb a rebbtll) CamattOR ibifei folio rotundo, Carlinae odore. H. L. B. 5 ftottei\ %XZZ African Cranes*btil, ttttlj a rounb 73. Geranium Africanum, nodu. olens’ $f)arflMttaItott ILeaf, anb a Carltno flore rubro, Anemones folio anguftiori. Pluk. fyittlz Swell. Phytog. Tab. 186 . Fig. 6. 0 frtcan Cranes* 67. Geranium Africanum, frutefeens, Mai- bill tljat fmellg tn tlje Jplgljt, ttttlj a reb xx folio laciniato, odorato. h. L. b. Stottb plotter* anb an Anemone narrott ileaf. African Cranes 4 )tn, toitX) a jaggeb Itteet* 74. Geranium Africanum, Uvae crifpae fnteUing 9 )altott lleaf. folio, floribus exiguis, rubellis. H. L. Bat. 68. Geranium Africanum, Alchimillae hit* African CraneS*btIl, ttttl) a Maf^berr? futo folio, floribus aibidis. b. £. Bat. ^[fri* jieaf A aub fmall reb iflotoer^ This / The Compleat Herbal. 611 This fmall Species of Cranes-bill, fays H?tental Crane&ML bottb a OTo:mtooob Ileaf. 88* Geranium orientale, Batrachioides, amplioribus foliis, flore maximo. . £D?tental Crobtf00tCranes4)tfl 5 but!j larger IleabeSj anb a beep btg jflotber. 857. Geranium orientale, Batrachioides, renuioribus foliis, flore maximo. C^irntai Crowfoot Craneo 4 )tll, tattfj fntaller Hem$ y anb? a berp large jFIotaer. po. Geranium orientale, Batrachioides, Aconiti folio, flore variegato. ^teittal Crobrfoot Cranes^btfl, tuitl) a bane 3 ieaf, anb a bariegateb Jfloboer. Geranium comes from yipetv®- a Crane ; becaufe the Fruit of this Herb is fliaped like a Crane’s Bill. This Pianr, in the main, has a reddilh Co¬ lour, which made the Antients call it Buberta % or Bubertiana ; but afterwards by Corrup¬ tion it was called flupertiana and Bpbemana ; and from thence came the French and Englifh Name Herb Bpbert . Of all this vaft Number of Cranes bills there is hardly any more in ufe than the Ge- ranium Bpbertianum diftum, alias Gratia Dei Germanorum ; and of this the Leaves only. Ic is temperate in heating and cpolipg; ic dries moderately, is fomewhat aftringenr,, cleanfes, refolves coagulated Blood in the Body, is proper for Wounds, by flopping the Blood, and cleaning the Wounds. The ex¬ ternal Ufe of all forts of Geranium is com¬ mon in Cataplafms to be applied to the Soles of the Feec with Sale and Vinegar, in order The Cotnpleat Herbal. 61 order to allay a feveritfi burning Heat; it is likewife applied to chapped Breads, and to diflblve coagulated Milk. Scbrod. The Deco&ion of Herb Robert is ufed for cleanfing the Ulcers of* the Privy-parts, as well as for chapped Breads. The Deco&ion of it in Wine taken inwardly refolves the Blood. Its diftilled Water is likewife com¬ mended againft the Cancer, and even the bruifed Herb in Form of a Cataplafm, ( 3 c* Hoffman. Both the Geranium Columbinum , and I{o- bertianum are vulnerary, as well taken in vulnerary Potions, as applied externally. It flops a Flux of Blood, and refolves coagu¬ lated Blood : It alfo cleanfes Wounds, and expells the Stone and Sand in the Bladder, and quiets the Pains of the Cholick, accord¬ ing to the Teftimony of Lobel. The De- codlion in Wine allays arthritick Pains ; and it is commended in Fomentations for the Rupture. The fimple Decodlion of Herb Robert is applied to cancrous Breads often with good Succefs. Fabr. Hildan. Chirurg. I was told of a certain Woman that had a Cancer, who had Relief in her Pain from this Water alone. C. Hoffman. The Cowherds give the Decodlion of this Plant to Cattle that pifs Blood. The Leaves of the 21ft Species here de- feribed are ftiptick, and have a fomewbat faltifh Tafte, and redden blue Paper as lively as Alum $ and therefore it is probable, that they are not vulnerary for any other Reafon but becaufe of their aluminous Salt, which is utjited with abundance of Sulphur and Earth. This however does not hinder but that this Plant has fometbing urinous in it; for by a Chymical Analyfis, befides feveral acid and oily Liquors, it yields alfo a little volatile concrete Salt. The Roots and the Leaves of this Species of Cranes-bill are ufed in Ptifans, and vulnerary Broths, and in Decodlions that are proper for flopping both internal and ex¬ ternal Fluxes of Blood and Humours. Tour - nefort. The 30th Species has a faltifli, ftiptick, clam¬ my, herby Tafte : It reddens blue Paper like the former 5 in all probability this is done by an aluminous Salt difToIved In more clammy Phlegm. The Juice of this Species boiled with Sugar is good for the Bloody-flux : Its Extradl has the fame Vertue ; and the Leaves are ufed in Potions, Decodlions, Piaifters, Oils and Ointments, which are prepares! for Ccmufions and Wounds. Id. The 49th Species is ftiptick, faltifli, and a little fourifh ; it fmells of Bitumen , and red¬ dens blue Paper pretty much. It is likely that it contains a Salt pretty much of the Nature of Alum, mixed with a little fetid Oil, and a very fmall Portion of Sal ammo- niad\ : For by a Chymical Analyfis, this Plant yields abundance of Acid, but little Oil, and no volatile concrete Sale, but a little urinous Spirit : This Cranes-bill is very aftrin- genr, and very vulnerary. Wine, in which the bruifed Leaves have been deeped for a whole Night, flops ail forts of Haemorragies or Fluxes of Blood. Id. The ordinary Doves-foot Cranes-bill is found by good Experience, and Lobel and others alfo note it to be fingular good for the Wind- Cholick and the Pains thereof in the lower Belly, as alfo to expel the Stone and Gravel in the Kidneys, if the Decodlion of it be drank, or if the Perfon affedled fit in it as in the Bath, or be fomented with it. The Decodlion in Wine is an exceeding good Wound Drink for any that have either inward Wounds, Hurts or Bruifes, both to flay the bleeding, to difTolve and expel the congealed Blood, and to heal the Parts, as alfo outward Sores, Ulcers or Fiftula‘s, perfedlly to cleanfe and heal them ; and for green Wounds, many do but bruife the Herb, and apply it to the Place wherefoever it be, and it will quickly heal them. The fame Decodlion in Wine foment¬ ed to any Parc pained with the Gour, gives much Eafe : Ic does the fame alfo to all Joint- Aches, or Pains of the Sinews. Ic is moft certain, that Gerard's Experience in curing Ruptures is known to be fingular (tho* not as of his own Invention) who ufed for this Pur- pofe either the Powder or the Decodlion of this Herb, or both together, which relieved both young and old, if they continued long enough in the ufe of them. Parf{. The End of the Firfi Volume,- ■V- INDEX of the 'Names of the Plants contained in the Firjl Volume of the Compleat Herbal., with their feveral Species } ' or Sorts. A _ ^.Ndroface Page 134 136 Apples of Love, Lycoperficon 214 21 y Afarabacca or Ballard Afarum, Afarina 269 Adhatoda 280 Arch-angel or Dead-nettle, Lamium 304 30 6 Alyffoides 421 AnapodophyUon 494 495 B. B Utcbers-Broom or Knee-Holly, Eufcus 9 “ Bindweed, Convolvulus 19 27 Bryony, Bryonia 75 77 Black Bryony or Our Lady*s Seal, Tamnus 77 78 Balfartl Apple (the male,) Momordica 78 80 Bellflower, Companula 91 101 Bears-ear or French Cowflip, Auricula Vrfi 12 6 130 Buckshorn Plantain, Coronopus 145 146 Borage, Bongo 165 Buglos, Bugloffum 1 66 170 •-- fmall wild, or Great Goofe-grafs, or German Mad wort, Afperugo 171 — ■ Vipers, Echiurti 171 173 Buck-beans or Marlh Trefoil, Meniantbes 114 115 Burnet, Pintpinella 227 229 Birthwort, Ariftclochia 240 244 Bellflower ( wild ) or Rampions, Rapuntium 244 246 Bignonia 246 248 Butter wort, Tinguicula 25 6 257 Ballard Afarum or Afarabacca, Afarina 269 Broom-rape, Orobantbe 280 281 Brank-urfine or Bears-breecb, Acanthus 282 283 Baulm, Moldavics 306 307 Bailote or Ballard Horehound 307 308 Baulm (Molucca,; Molucca 315 31 6 Ballard Dittany, Pfeudodittamnus 316 318 Baulm, Melijf* 331 333 Be tony, Betonica Page 3 66 3 69 Bafil, Ocimum 3 69 373 -- Field, Clinopodium 337 33 8 Bugle, Bugula 386 388 Barren wort, Epimedium 47 5 476 Ballard Poppy, Argernone 493 494 Baftard Chickweed, Alfinaftrum * 51 y Bean-capers, Fabago 574 Ballard Rulh, funcago 72 7 y 80 82 V^Otton*plant, Xylon Cucumber, Cucumis Citrulls, Avguria 8y Coloquintida or the bitter Gourd, Colocyntbis 87 99 Cleavers or Goofe-grafs, Aparine 10 6 108 Cheefe Run net or Ladies Bed lira w, Galium 108 no Crofswort, Cruciata no in Centaury the lelfer, Centaurium minus 130 133 Corn-fallad or Lambs-lettuce, Valerianellx 162 164 Comfrey, Sywpbitum 178 180 Cherry (Winter,) Alkekengi 215 217 Crowfoot (Musk-wood,) MofcbateJIina 22 6 227 Cuckow-pint or Wake-Robin, Arum 230 236 Calves-fnout or Snapdragon, Antirrhinum 257 259 Crow-wheat, Melampyrum 275 27 6 Clary, Horminum 2 86 288 Clary, Sclarea 289 294 Cowflip (French) orBears-ear, Auricula Vrfi 126 130 Calamint or Mountain-mint, Calamimha 333 336 Caflidony or French Lavender alias Sticadore, Stxcbas 361 363 Catmint, Cat aria 363 366 Charlock or Wild Muftard, Eapiftrum 390 Crambe, a fort of Colewort 395 396 Crefs, Naflurtium 429 412 Cole or Colewort, Braffica 428 433 Kkkk Cuckow- 6x6 INDEX. Cuckow-fiower or Ladies-fmock, Cardamine Page 446 449 Celandine, Chdidoniim 471 474 Cliickweed, Alfins 50$ 514. - (Baftard) Afinajlrum 515 Gift us (dwarf) or Small Sun-flower, Helian - tbemum 5 3 7 543 Ciftus 576 582 Capers, Cappans <85 5^87 Caltrops, Tribulus 599 600 Cranes-biil, Geranium 600 613 D D. _'Ogs*bane, Apocynum Dragons, Dracunculus Dragons-head, Dracocepbalon Dead-nettle or Archangel, Lamium Dittany (Baftard) Pfeudodittamnus Dittander or Pepperwort, Lepidium Dames-violet or Rocket, Hefperis Damafonium 47 $0 236 239 298 299 304 30 6 31 6 318 412 414 439 444 565 566 E. JlLYe-bright, Eupbrafu Erucago 276 278 416 4*7 F Rench Cowflip or Eears-ear, Auricula, Vrfi 126 130 Plea wort, Pfyltium 146 *47 Fluellin or Speedwell, Veronica 192 200 Friers-cowl, Arif mm 239 240 Pox-glove, Digitalis 248 251 Figwort, Schropbularia 251 25 6 Field.Bafil, Cly nopodium 337 338 French Lavender or Caflidony or Sticadore, Stcecbas 3 61 363 Flower-gentle, Amarantkus 479 482 Fennel-flower, Nigelia 570 573 Fagonia # 598 Felwort or Gentian, Gentiana 13 18 G. (jEntian or Felwort, Gentiana 13 18 Gourd, Cucurbita 86 ---- ( bitter ) Coloquintida, C olocynthis 87 90 Great Goofe-grafs or German Madwort or fmall wild Buglofs, Afperugo iyi Gromil, Litbofpermum 17$ 177 Greek Valerian, Ladder to Heaven or $a- cob’s Ladder, Potimwim 201 202 Guiny-pepper, Capficum page 218 221 Germander, Chamadrys 373 379 -- (Tree,) Teucrium 383384 Ground-pine, Cbamapitys 334. 395- Gold of Pleafure, Myagrum 391 30^ Grafs of Parnaffus, Parnaffix 520 421 Glafswort, Kali ^3 Glafs-falt or Sandiver, with a Digreftion a- bout the Compofition and Colouring of Glafs 428 536 Geum 545 y 4 g Glaucium 554 Goats-beard, Barba Capra 598 H. J~Joneywort, Cerintbe i 2 I5> Hydrophyllon ,3 Henbane, Hyofcyams 117 , 2 i Hounds-tongue, cynogloffum 182 18 c Horehound (Baftard,) Ballote 307 308 - (Baftard,) M arrubiaflrum 323 324 Horehoind, Marrubium 327 330 ——— (Bafe,) St achy s ju 3l2 Hyffop, Hyffopus 359 g6l Hedge-muftard, Erffmum 457 460 Hypecoon 470 Herb Paris, True-love or One-berry, Herb a Paris 476 478 Harmala 569 570 Houfe-leek, Sedum 587 593 J I. J Alap 148 152 Jacobs Ladder, Ladder to Heaven or Greek Valerian, Polemonium 201 202 Ironwort, Sideritis 325 327 Indian Fig-tree, -Opuntia 495 497 Jews Mallows, Cor chorus 575 K. Kk.Nee.HoHy or Butchers.Broom 9 11 Ketmia 67 72 L. L illy of the Valleys or May Lilly, !///«« Convallium 6 Lady’s Seal or Black Bryony, Tamnus 77 78 Lady’s Bedftraw or Cheefe-Runnet, Galium 108 no Lambs-lettuce or Corn-fallad, Valerianella 162 164 Lungwort, Pulmonaria 173 17$ Leadwort* INDEX. Lead wort, Plumbago Page 186 187 Loofeftrife, Lyfmachia . 187 190 Ladder to Heaven, Greek Valerian, Jacob's Ladder, Polemonium 201 202 Love-Apples, Lycoperficon 214 215 Lilly (Water,) Nymphoides 221 222 Lions-tail, Leonurus 314 31 $ Lavender, Lavandula 348 35 ° Ladies-fmock or Cuckow-flower, Cardamine 446 449 Live-long or Orpine, Telephium 530 Live.long or Orpine, An ac ampfor os 594 5 96 M. M Mitella, Moufe-ear, Myofotis Meadow, fweet, Vim aria 617 Page ;oj 50c 5*5 51* 59 6 597 N N. Ightfhade, Solarium (Deadly,; Belladona _Andrake, Mandragora 4 May Lilly or Lilly of the Valleys, Lilium Convillium 6 Milkwort, Glaux 37 Mallows, Malva 53 5 8 Marlh-mallows, Althaa 5 8 62 Mallows (Vervain,) Alcea 62 65 - (Yellow,) Abutilon 65 67 Malacoides Male Balfam-apple, Momordica 7 8 80 Musk-melon, Melo 82 83 Melopepo 84 85 Madder, Rubia 104 106 Marlh Trefoil or Buck-beans, Meniantbes 114 11 s Madder (Petty,) Rubeola 152 153 Mullein, Verbafcum 2o2 206 Moth Mullein, Blattaria 207 208 Mad-apple, Melongena 217 4 i8 Musk wood Crowfoot, Mofcbatebina 22 6 227 Milkwort, Polygala 278 579 MuMein, Pblomis 284 286 Motherwort, Cardiac a 313 314 Molucca Baulm, Molucca 31$ 316 Mint, Mentha . 3 18 323 Mountain-mint or Calamint, Calamintba 333 336 Mother of Thyme, Serptbum 343 346 Marjoram, Majors 355; 357 - (Baftard) or Organy, Origanum , 35 i 354 Muftard, Sinapi 460 463 -— (Treacle,) Jontblafpi 389 390 -— (Mithridate,) Thlafpi 397 402 — — ( Baftard Mithridate, ) Tblafpidium 407 408 - —. - (Tower,) Turritis 444 446 — 1 (Hedge,) Eryfmum 457 460 Mad wort, Alyffon 422 425 Moon wort, Lunaria 425 427 Murucuia 503 208 214 Navelwor cotyledon ™ '45 47 Nettle (Dead) or Archangel, Lamium 304 . . 306 r (Stinking,) Galeopfis 308 311 Navew Atyw 383 384 Treacle-muftard, fonthlafpi 389 393 Tower-muftard, Turritis 444 44$ Toothwort, Demaria 4^3 4^ Turnep, Rapa 464 465 True-love, One-berry or Herb Paris, Herba Paris 476 478 Tutfan or Park-leaves, Androfamum 544 1 \/ r Alerian, Valeriana Viper s-Buglofs, Echium Vervain-mallows, Alcea Vervain, Verbena '55 171 173 62 65 357 359 w. W. Ood-forrel, 0x71 38 39 Winter-cherry, Alkekengi 215 217 Water.lilly, Nywphoides 221 222 ■ - — Nymphoea 581 58 $ Wake.robin or Cuckows-pint, Arum 230 23 6 Wild Bell-flower or Rampions, Rapuntium 244 2.4^ Wolfs-foot, Lycopus 324 325 Wild-muftard or Charlock, Rapiftrum 390 Woad, Ifatis 392 395 Willow-wort, Saticaria 552 554 Winter-green, Pirola <563 565 INDEX of the Phyftcal VertHes and *Vfes of the federal Plants contained in the Firjl Volume of the Compleat Herbal. A poplexy, Page 7 2$ 88 340 346 43 ^ 457 4<52 463 561 Afthma, 2 6 61 74 76 88 161 229 23$ 236 244 3 2 9 33 ° 33 6 340 342 347 353 3 6 ° 443 460 466 468 493 Appetite, 39 323 342 378 457 4^ 2 4^3 514 586 — - - toft recover, weak ftrengthen* 514 St. Anthony's Fire, 4 6 200 206 213 215 395 420 473 486 497 514 After-birth, 77 235 243 244 289 294313 329 332 343 354 385 39° 438 582 Abortion prevent, 145 , caufe, 313 385 Agues, 181 249 330 336 358 359 361 368 379 407 414 462 463 465 485 519 5 6 7 573 597 Anorexy or Loathing Meat, fee Appetite Air infe&ed, 340 Abfceffes, fee Tumours and Impofthumes Angina, fee Squinancy or Quinfy Atrophy, fee Confumption Arthritick Pains, fee Gout B. B Rain, 7 88 288 293 323 356 362 363 383 385 4 i 7 569 Boils, 235 288 294. 302 497 Bones broken, 9 75 77 303 Blood, 27 108 no 199 268 297 333 346 378 416 438 453 485 563 583 585 612 613 - — - purifies, 27 199 333 378 438 453 585 — ■- congealed or clotted diffolves, 268 343 376 379 385 388 39a 416.427 561613 » ■*- fpitting, 74 120 126 146 175 1 {Jo 206 229 283 297 362 345 368 388 415 453 5 i 5 543 5 62 597 ■ - -* cools, 485 514 583 — pifling, 145 302 303 368 41$ 486 <513 — - its Flux ft ops, 74 108 12 6 185 225 395 483 544 5$5 582 584 597 *12 613 'Bleeding at the Nofe, Page 126 22 $ 229 306 368 415 492 520 580 ■ . - at the Breaft, 225 — - at the Stomach, 225 -- at the Liver, 225 —— at the Mouth, 306 580 Bloody-flux, 298 302 306 358 378 388 402 453 490 505 562 56$ 580 597 6x3 Belly opens, 77 597 --binds, 600 Belly-flux, 42 74 5 21 5 2 5 543 5 &o 583 600 Belly-ach, fee Gripings Breaft, 61 78 79 120 200 206 213 235 243 297 322 330 356 357 358 360 385 465 486 6 13 Burnings, 79 no 147 206 215 283 311 544 593 595 -by Gunpowder, 486 Bladder, 81 83 161 200 359 521 569 61% Breathing difficult, fee Afthma Breath ftinking, 340 341 Bubo’s, 161 229 378 Barrennefs remove, 199 289 293 340 362 365 « ■ ' ' caufe, 221 Bruifes, 214 257 306 311 342 360 379 387 613 Blows, 283 360 427 Back weak, to ftrengthen, 288 294 — .. . its Heat to allay, 514 Birth facilitate and haften, 354 358 365 390 438 519 Belching caufeth, 369 ■ cureth, 368 Burftennefs, fee Ruptures Back-pains, 459 Bile carries off, 472 Blafts by Lightning, 486 Body to ftrengthen and nourffli, 520 Bowels excoriated, 596 C C^Ourfes of Women, fee Terms Contufions, o 77 78 388 $< 5 i 613 L 11 i Com- 620 INDEX. Complexion beautify, Tjge 9 83 235 359 493 543 Cachexy or evil Habit of Body, 25 27 36 115 236 249 329 463 473 Catarrhs, 27 i< 5 r 170 igo 185: 293 340 346 3 S& 356 3 <> 2 376 46* 49 Q 5 71 5&2 Chilblains, 45 120 Corns, 46 467 593 Cough, 6 1 74 83 88 i<5i 170 200 206 221 229 236 27$ 297 329 330 3.36 340 342 353 358 360 361 362 366 368 378 443 457 459 460 465 466 4(58 490 492 493 525 575 582 Cramps 61 314 336 339 345 350 378 514 Conrulnons, 61 79 161 336 339 362 368 3*7 5 i 5 584 587 Cankers, 77 420 443 (Cholick, 79 88 199 ao6 22$. 229 281 31.1 340 455 459 468 493 567 573 597 613 ConfumptiOn, 83 211 229 235 283 297 314 329 340 433 4 ( 5(5 473 474 490 514 519 Carbuncles, 161 221 567 Cancers, 180 229 268 311 395 427 433 444 459 565 613 Chapt Hands, 257 - Udders of Cows, 257 - Breafts, 613 Cutuneouj Diftempers, 199 206 213 221 Choler, 179 343 3 <; 3 y 44 Conception, help, 298 3.23 ■ ‘ “ hinder, 433 Concoftion, fee Digeftion Cods fwelled, 343 Crick in the Neck, 353 Colds, 368 Corruption, fee Putrefaction. Contagious Difeafes, 378 477 Courage beget, 491 Contra&ion of the Members, $93 Cbeft, 597 459 469 490 49a 493 sSs Dimnefs of Sight, JVg* 37 22 , J; . s 294 34 > 343 3.59 ” 77 78 Draw Balls and Arrows out of the Ffefb l6l 354 ricuj, Dead-birth expels, ,7 77 ioo 21I g r ,.3 l 8 339 35 ® 354 3<55 385 4 n 43? 562 <*, D,geft,on helps, 22I aSl 34J U 4«8 581 586 34 353 4,1 Deafnefs, 225 340 '«r 4 6 f,T, hi " g - lie «J i» ’*! >•! «* Dropping of Urine, fee Strangury Drunkennefs, hinder or remove, 35* 43, Drowfinefs banilhes, 45s 5 433 DiftiUations from the Head, 485 E Ves, 5 17 37 87 itfi 192 2,5 2}? 2 58 *75 28 * 294 358 359 3 5 o 36s 438 47 x 473 474 485 492 5i4 521 5.53 554,593 600 — 111 black and blue, j/fa Epilepfy, 7 76 88 no i6l 17.3 191 250 294 340 346 406 427 477 56.1 569 Eryfipelas, 5 39 4 6 213 34? 497 514 Ears, 87 99 IG) 8 120 235 297 360. ■ Singing in them, 360 F. F luxes* 9 39 74 110 229 453 455 485486490565583597599 of Blood, 74 no 180 185 190 D, D Ropfy, 11 a 5 2(5 27 36 52 76 88 10 j 11$ 126 151 I9I 200 2I3. 2I7 221 2^p 268 269 359 3(51 368 372 377 379 383 385 402 452 453 468 474 519 JPyfentery, 39 42 61 74 10 8. 12 6 145 147 J90 202 206 306 415 444 4 51 49® 5*9 5+3 654. 5** S«4 595 597 Bizzfnefs in the Head, 76 8£ Deformities of the Skin, 18 25 26 36 225 249 236 378 Dandruff, 133 323 Diarrhoea, r 4 *2o$ 415 4,0 J43 584 597 229. 302 416 483 , 49 ? 543 573 580 Fevers, i8 42 $ 2 74 1 3 2 *33 199 213 236 244 249 259 300 303 359 376 377 378 467 4^8 485 492. 497 5°5 5H 567 584 585 593 597 . -Intermitting, 18,132 236 244 249 300 359 376 377 -Peftilential and Malignant, 52 199 393 37* 467 4 6 ^ 4*5 574 5<*7v 593 597 -Heftick, 514*93. Fcetus (dead,) expells, fee Dead-bifth Fiftula, 37 199 2 i 3 275 305 3 88 433 459 518 565 613 ——of the Thorax, 199 lachryinalis or weeping, 213 Fundament, 61 311 359 » . ■■■ ■ falling down, 235 Face beautify, 74135 452 473 Freckles, 77 225 236 359 420 452 $84 French pifeafo^Po*, 229 379 . . > o, r J ■ ;y, Falling-. 62 1 INDEX. Falling-ficknefs, Page 250 269 297 332 343 346 3*0 3<*i *83 335 4$* 477 5i5 518 *19 568 Falls, 268 283 3ir 379 427 Felons, 288 294 477 595 Flatus’s, 322 582 Faintings, 332 333 *20 Fleas kill or drive away, 347 600 Frenzy, 368 485 593 Fra&ures, 387 597 Fits of Children, 514 Falling of the Uvula or Roof of the Mouth _ 543 r Fatnefs extenuate, * 6 9 G.^ G Onorrhcea, 11.62 108 120 177 185 415 483 485 585 Gout, 25 26 27 3646 76 87 no 11$ 120 133 136 151 180 182.191 206 235 249 256 267 269 283 337 34° 34^ 343 358 359 3*8 369 37377 *78:386 420 443 459.4 6 3 5444& 563 593 613 Gangrenes, 77 180 ^03 311 378 388 443 Gravel, 177 217 229 267 359 455 5 2 * 527 569 613 Gums, 289 302 303 341 388 406 463 568 593 600 ■ ■ — putrefied, 289 341 463 593 600 ■ ■ fcorbutick, 302 406 463 568 Grecn-ficknefs, 244 329 333 340 346 3*3 359 3* 6 377 438 463 474 5<*i Gripings in the Belly or Guts, 206 322 336 358 368 420 455 459 514 521 562 Gall overflowing, 336 H. H Ead-adt, n 2* 88 i6t 213-22$: 297 302 322r 345: 356 358 359 3^8 369 463: 467 567 573 „ -Giddinefs, 322 332 340 345 350 Head, 72 226 288 340 356 358 362 412 462 485 569 573 Hyfterick Paflion, u 18 76 308 333 Hypochondriaey, 18^281 308 40$ 453 463 561 586 587 Humours, 27 37 3981 88 90 111120 i8r i 8‘5 3M 343 *6* 443 4^ 57° 575 5»5 6*3 Hair fall off, makes, 37 — — falling off, prevents, 9* 582 - - makes black, 91 -makes yellow, 2*7 makes to curl, 257 Heart, 3^72 313 332 333 340363 412 438 **2 5 ** 597 ’ Heat of the Stomach cools, Page 46 — preternatural of the Body allays, 8; 322514613 Haemorrhage, 120 14* 206 302 * 6 * 613 Hasmorrhoides, 225 2$6 268 311 3*9 $14 596 Hiccough, 244 322 3*4 427 Hands fhaking, 297 Hoarfnefs, 297 310 3*9 433 459 462 465 TT 49° 575 Hipps pained, 343 587 Horfes foundered, 594 I. I Nflammations, 60 79 120 213 288 306 30839$ 396 420 478 492 514 515 521 554 56$ 5*5 59 2 593 599 -of the Womb, 61 -of the Eyes, s 17 87 14$ 147 474 494 52i 593 6°° ■-of the Breaft, 61 56$ —-of the Jaws, 4.33 * ""■ of the Penis, 213 — of the Lungs, 229 Itch, 9 117 215: 23* 243 330 353 37^4 2 <> 473 514.5 2 9 Jaundice, 27 42 10* 108 133 161 213 217 226 277 329, 340 353 358 366 368 369 37 2 376 379 383 38**387 4*9 466 46S 47f 474 563 Inteftines excoriated, 61^ 596 Joints, §8 297 342 350 376 38* 4*9 *63 5*6 587 593 613 Impofthumes, 390 39* *14 *99 -in the Ear, 297 Jaws, 303 433 IndigeHion, 353 K. K ings Evil, 46 61 226 2*1 2** 269 306 340377473552554 Kibes in the Heels, 46 120 Kernells, 61 221 225 311 420 587- - - ■ behind the Ear, 61 —-- in the Neck or Throat, 3^1 r Kidneys, 77 200 229.569 599 613 Knots diffolve, 420 L. L iver, ri 17 18 39 77 83 10$ 108 261 191 214 235 243 330 336 35635735S 438 472 485 514 5 J 9 569 S86 Liver-grown,-3 88 6 22 INDEX. Lungs, Tage t8 78 88 175 190 191 199 229 243 281 303 330 340 342 360 365 372 377 412 459 460 490 552 573 Leprofy, 26 262 268 269 323 336 414 433 Loofenefs, 41 185 283 339 420 433 490 580 Luft provokes, no 123 211 218 294 457 462 465 491 520 —— reftrains, 358 485 567 568 584 Lethargy, 297 340 350 372 412 462 Loathing Meat or Food, 323 368 462 Loins pained, 343 459 Lice deftroy ®r chafe away, 350 362 Lientery, 415 584 Lask, 580 593 597 Lochia, fee Womens Labour M. M Ad Dogs bitings, 18 52 133 191 308 368 427 567 569 Milk reftore and increafe, 38 229 279 353 5 i6 m -- — diminiih, 86 87 120 515 566 —« — coagulated in the Breaft diftolve, 515 613 Morphew, 18 77 133 268 359 584 587 Mother (Fits of,) 74 161 221 244 259 314 350 351 368 438 Melancholy, 108 140 170 306 333 358 362 373 463 561 562 563 582 Madnefs caufeth, 120 123 - - ■ ■ cureth, 191 332 478 519 544 562 5 6 3 5 8 4 Megrim, 22$ 567 Memory aflifts, 298 323 332 341 — deftroys, 123 Mifcarriage prevent, 298 Mouth, 303 360 465 $43 Make one be in Love, 226 Mole to expel, 354 Mange, fee Itch Meades, 378 412 465 Marks by burning hot Iron get out, 414 Member out of joint, 438 Menfes or Menftrua, fee Terms Malignant Diftempers, 567 N. N Erves, 79 88 340 356 362 369 37 6 385 386 438 561 567 569 Nipples ulcerated, 108 Noife in the Ears, 225 Nephritick Aflfe&ions, fee Reins Nephritick Cholick, 563 Notturual Pollutions, 32} 583 O, O Bftru&ions of the Liveiy Page 77 io$ 108 133 161 £91:214 229-257 268 322 329 336 353 363 368 377 385 387 388 467 472 473 $69 586 ... of the Belly, 77 — - of the Pancreas, 77 -——of the Womb, 105 340 347 353 365 462 > — 1 of the Spleeb, 105 *33 161 214 244 306 329 336 340 363 368 377 385 467 468 472 473 586 — 1 of the Poems or Yard, 191 —of the Reins, 191 - of the Vifcera or Bowels, 20p 23 6 337 363 369 438 462 586 ——of the Terms, 226 229 412 551 — ■ of the Kidneys, 229 —of the Midriff, 468 — - - , 0 f the Ureters, 472 473 —■ of the Lungs, 229 353 P. P Ains, 5 60 79 120 206 213 229 257 378 438 466 490 492 584 592 595 600 613 ■ ■ 1 of the Teeth, 37 -of the Side, 17 343 368 378 455 569 - - of the Womb, 37 229 359 ——-of the Ear, 108 120 235 347 ■ . . of the Stomach, 378 569 582 > of the Sinews, 613 Palfy, 7 76 269 297 298 332 340 346- 350 353 3 s * 3 6 9 379 3*5 3*5 43 * 4^2 463 5*4 51* 5*7 Palpitation of the Heart, 7 314 332 372 Purge, 9 25 27 36 37 41 81 396 462 468 473 Peftilential Diftempers, 18 52 117 161 359 377 37* - - - - and malignant Fevers, 52 377 466 468 593 Plague, 117 161 191 235 359 377 378 473 474 477 5*9 562 5 6 7 ^ 5 ^9 597 Phlegm, 37 78 88 117 221 293 314 343 363 378 412 443 457 4&2 463 Prepuce reduceth, 46 Piles, 46 79 180 185 200 206 226 235 255 269 311 376 452 5*4 5 1 5 Pleurify, 61 81 161 226 311 353 459 492 493 5 6 7 Poifon, 74 161 229 235 243 354 35 * 357 362 376 377 378 385 443 444 459 465 466 472477 525 563 567 <68 569 $73 60© ■■■■ ■■ - of Henbane and Toad*(tools, 468 ‘ ' Pitu- 1 N D E X. Pituitous Diftempers, Page 140 Phthificj 14$ 191 337 Polypus or Scinking Sore in the Nofe, 235 453 . Palenefs, 236 Putrefa&ion, 363 378 383' 395 405 443 Purples, 378 Priapifm, 485 584 Procreation hinder, 485 Pimples, 268 486 5.14 Pulhes, 5 14 Poffeflion r fee Witchcraft Pollution lefiens, 323 584 Phrenzy, fee Frenzy Qj Qi Uinzy, 154 221 300 544 R. R Uptures, 9 11 17 79 hi 1 4 $ 180 190 235 244 257 283 327 339 378 387 45 $ 497 543 5 8 7 595 ^3 Rheumatifm, 2$ 61 151 353 439 4^3 5 ^ 2 Rheums or Defluxions, 74 117 215 288 293 297 33c 353 356 361 362 368 493 573 587 600 Reins, 77 81 83 161 191 288 294 359 438 468 485 593 Rednefs of the Face, 255 514 Rifing of the Mother, 259 Ringworms, 473 529 S. S Leep procures, 5 496 492 493 52$ 583 5 8 5 593 Sleepy Diftempers, 117 34 6 463 Spafm, 7 Sw.oonings, 7 33 2 333 372 520 Strangury, n 229 239 360 385 582 Serpent-flung, 17 37 170 225 298 339 359 444 567 Stomach, 17 39 72 140 161 213 22$ 229 244 293 3 : 22 329 3 ?6 341 342 347 356 357 3 6 8 379 444 4*2 467 468 48s 514 519 567 568^569 580 582 587 596 Spleen, 18'77 161 202 214 221 225 281 306 311 314 330 336 3-54 356 357 358 359 3 ' 61 3 68 3 8 3 395 4*4 438 4^7 4?2 569 586 587 Skin Deformities, 18 26 36 74 77 133 199 225 229 236 243 268 269 341 359 414 *20 427 473 493 5 8 4 5 8 5 Scurvy, Page 2$ 27 115 133 190 200 235 236 239 302 37 6 392 405 407 412 435 449 45 2 453 4<5o 463 465 468 473 48 $ „ 593 Scabs, 26 37 no 117 200 243 255 330 353 412 473 5 H 5 2 9 Scurf, 36 37 133 23$ 268 323 412 414 457 Sight, 37 161 226 235 278 288 340 341 ' 347 359 368 438 457 472 473 494 S2I „ 553 5«7 5 6 * Stone, 46 61 07 108 177 182 191 199 200. 22i 226 229 237 340 358 359 368 390 406 449 45 2 455 4 6 ° 463 4^7 4<58 5*9 521 527 537 544 551 555 5 61 563 569 596 599 613 Squinancy or Squinzy, 46 101 221 303 359 361 492 593 Sweat provokes, 52 161 33 6 3 76 378 3^9 ^ 443 493 Swellings, 52- 61 101 108 120 126 200 22 4 1 5 453 4 8 3 48 ? 49 * 5*5 543 565 580 584 597 Thorns or Splinters draw out, 288 368 467 Throat, 311 359 361 388 543 *00 Thrufts or Stabs, 388 ??3 Trembling, 561 Thirft quenches, 39 497 so? ??4 ?93 V. U Rine provokes, 11 60 67 77 10? 13? i?i 161 202 213 217 221 235 267 283 302 313 314 333 336 337 345 346 35 ° 35 * 360 362 369 376 379 383 387 39 ° 407 427 438 443 444 4?2 4?? 4?7 462 46? 466 467 468 473 48? ?oy 514 ?21 525 563 ?69 57 o 573 58? 587 *°° Ulcers, 17 18 36 37 39 ?2 6 7 74 79 101 no 117 180 18? 190 200 213 229 235 243 2?1 2?? 262 268 269 275 303 306 308 311 369 376 377 378 379 385 388 395 396 4 °* 4 *° 433 438 443 444 45 * 453 459 465 47 * 473 477 478 514 521 544 554 555 5*5 S80 58* 587 593 595 596 ?97 598 6 13 Ulcers, in the Throat, Page ioi in the Mouth, 101 161 302 387438 543 . in the Breaft, 185 in the Privy Parts, 303 387 48? yi 4 543 593 59* *13 — in the Lungs, 4*5 596 -• in the Eye, 473 ——— in the Leg, 200 4<5? -- in the Bowels, 23 y -in the Nofe, 23? 262 4*3 in the Kidneys, *6? Venery provoke, iio 123 276 288 3 72 4 <5a Venomous Bitings, 18 61 108 202 22r 30a 353 359 3*5 3*8 378 383 38? 4*9 *21 _ 5*5 544 5*9 573 *00 Venereal Diftemper, 2? 26 27 14? 213 379 Vomiting, flops, 39 322 323 336 521 580 •-provokes, 89 369 405 Vertigo, 7 6 88 463 Viper-bitten, 108 173 191 600 Vermine in the Head, 133 Vein or Sinew cut, 368 Vapours, 161 199 346 353 3 66 3 69 383 444 474 5 ** 5*9 W. W Omens Labour, n 117 22 6 23 6 314 329 332 3?o *6i fpeedy Delivery, 182 226 368 414 Whites, 9 126 145 190 200 289 *93 298 584 IIO 120 221 22 6 306 3*3 343 345 483 Courfes, n 18 ?2 77 81 101 10* with Child, naught for, 318 336 402 567 Womb, 37 < 5 i 74 77 79 244 294 314 33* 33 * 34 ° 347 35 * 359 3 *° 3 ** 3*5 43 « 443 462 569 582 593 Worms, 18 42 81 133 182 2?s 269 298 314 3*9 33 * 343 359 3 ** 3*8 37 * 378 379 39 * 453 457 4 ** 4*5 485 544 5 *x ?< 5 * 5*8 573 574 ■ ■ — in the Ear, 298 336 376 Wounds, 18 2$ 61 74 79 108 117 12 6 18$ 229 243 2*7 302 303 306 310 311 327 354 358 361 368 3*9 377 379 3 8 * 388 395 427 433 438 453 45 $ 473 478 494 497 519 521 543 544 555 5 *i 5*2 5*3 5*5 573 5 8 ° 5 S 4 595 597 *12 **3 Wounds INDEX. Wounds jnade by venomed Weapons, Page 563 —-— in the Bladder, 597 Warts, 36 37 *82 311 339 343 473 Wearinefs or Laflitude, removes, no 36% Wind-pipe, 15$ Wens, 182 31* 587 Wind expels, 221 34 * 357 3 $* 573 Wind-Cholick, 368 569 613 Web in the Eyes, 225 226 259 474 Wrinkles remove, 235 Wheals, 2d$ 486 514 patchings, 345 485 584 €2$ Wheezings, Page 361 368 459 Weaknefs of the Stomach, Crudity and Squeamifhnefs, fee Stdmach Whitlows, 477 595 Witchcraft, %6i Y. \TEHow Jaundice, 42 225 2 69 X 33 ° 33 ^ 3^1 Youth reftore, 333 Yard, 191 213 359 485 584 FINIS. \ SO 0 K.S Printed for R. Bonwicke, T. Goodwin, J. Walthoe, J. Wotton, S. Manfhip, R. Wilkin, B. Tooke, R. Smith, and T. Ward. I. A Compleat Hldory of Druggs, Written in French by Mofifieur Pomet, jf\ Chief Druggid to the prefent French King y to which is added, what is further obfervable on the fame Subjeft, from Meffieurs Lemery and Tournefortj divided into three Clalfes, Vegetable, Animal and Mineral; with their Ufe in Phyfick, Chymidry, Pharmacy, and feveral other Arts : Illih- ftrated with above Four hundred Copper Cutts, curioufly done from the Life , and an Explanation of their different Names, Places of Growth, and Countries from whence they are brought ; the Way to know the true from the falfe ; their Vertues, &c . A Work of very great Ufe and Curiofity. Done into Enghjh from the Originals. In 2 Vols. 4 to. II. A Compleat Body of Chirurgical Operations} containing the whole Pra&ice of Surgery, with Obfervations and Remarks on each Cafe : Amongd which are inferted the feverai Ways of Delivering Women in natural and unnatural Labours. The whole illudrated with Copper-plates, explaining the feveral Bandages, Sutures, and divers ufeful Indruraents- By M. de La Vauguion. The 3d Edition corrected, 8 vo. III. ,The Anatomy of Human Bodies improved, according to the Circula¬ tion o? the Blood, and all the modern Difcoveries: By Mr. Dionis. The 3d Edition, corrected and enlarged ; with a Differtation on the Nature of Ge¬ neration ; and feveral new Sydems: Alfo Figures of all the Parts of the Body, and an ufeful Index of all the principal Matters. The 2d Editon, 8 vo. IV. Syphilis ^ A Pra&ical Differtation on the Venereal Difeafe : In which, after a fhort Account of its Nature and Original, the Diagnodick and Prog- noflick Signs with the bed Ways of curing the feveral Degrees of that Di- flemper *, together with fome Hidorical Obfervations relating to the fame, are candidly and without Referve communicated ; in Two Parts. By Daniel Turner r of the College of Phyficians, London , 8 vo. V. -His Treatife of Difeafefs incident to the Skin: In Two Parts; with a fhort Appendix concerning the Efficacy of Local Remedies, and the Manner of fome of their Operations, 8 vo. VI. The Compleat Surgeon : Or, Whole Art of Surgery, in a mod fami¬ liar Method , in Two Parts. By M. Le Clerc . The 4th Edition, corrected- To which is added, the Defcription of Bandages, 12 0 . VII. -His Second Part of the Compleat Surgeon, containing an exact and compleat Treatife of Odeology ; the Decipher’d Skeleton ; together with the Difeafes of the Bones, and their Cure. A New Voyage to Italy : With curious Obfervations on feveral other Coun¬ tries 3 as, Germany , Switzerland, Savoy , Geneva, Flanders, and Holland: To¬ gether with ufeful lndrudions for thofe who fhall Travel thither. In 4 Vols. %vo. The 4th Edition, with large Additions throughout the whole, and adorned with feveral new Figures. % < ■ j ■