mm. sfementfl*# 6 . ere.t ne tibi diuini muneris ^Author i ~ ntenL rnonjbvt cjiuzlibet he'rba. Beam, agr* the: # HERBAL^ f OR GENERALLY H i (tone of Plantes . JyjatficreJ^^tfoIin. (j&mrtlc, G 7 ,VHGE KJ-fy n ft mucli x blnLa tyjed and ^Amfdnbecd dy i E ' C ’JTwtruu ffoffy'im. ^ it C it ’ 'X^a atic i cApotneca.i ' yc i ^ A r 3 -\ Jf I DIOSCURI DF..S L O I I cl 0 11 Printed by ^Ad’am^ffiviince J\fortoiv ,, liyitoice J\[orton ditadyry) nno J^33‘ VIRIS PRV'DENTIA, VIRTVTE, ARTE, RKRVMQVE VSV SPECT AT I S SIMIS, D I G N I S SI M I S RICHARDO EDWARDS RECTOR!, SIVE MAGISTR.O; EDWARDO COOKE, LEONARDO STONE. G V ARDIANIS, CiETERISQ^VE CLARISS. SOCIET. PHARMACEVT. LOND. SOCIIS, HOS SVOS IN EM A- CVLANDO, AVGENDOQVE HANC PLANTARVM H 1STORIAM, L A B OR E S, ST V D I O R V M BOTANICORVM SPECIMEN, AMORIS SYMBOLVM, EX ANIMO D, D. VESTRY, PVBLICyEaVE VTILL TATIS STVDIOSISS IMVS Thom. Iohnjo n, fl 3 .• a I-ii • >U l fc V i I * ..... \ .> v;\ ~ TO THE RIGHT HONORABLE HIS SI N GV LA R GOOD LORD AND MASTER, SIR William Cecil KNIGHT, BARON OF Burghley, Matter of :he Court of Wards andLiueries, Chancellor of the Vniuerlitie of Cambridge, Knight of the mod noble Order ofthe Garter, one of the Lords of her Maiefties moft honorable Priuy Coun- ccll, and Lord high Treafurer of England. Mong the manifold creatures ofGod (right Honora- ble, and mv lingular good Lord) that haue all in all ages diuerfly entertained many excellent wits, and drawnethem to the contemplation ofthe diuine wif- dome, none haue prouoked mens ftudies more,or fa- tisfied their defires fo much as Plants haue done, and that vpon iuft and worthy caules : For ifdelight may prouoke mens labor, what greater delight is there than to behold the earth apparelled with plants, as with a robe of embroidered worke, fet with Orient pearles, and garnifhed with great diuetfitie of rare and coftly iewc!s?tt this varietie and perfection of colours may affeCf the eye, it is fuch in herbs and floures, that no A - pe/kf,noZ«mreuercouldby any artexpreffe the like ; if odours oriftatte may Worke fatisfaftion,ihey are both fo foueraigne in plants, and fo comfortable,that no confeCtion of th*pothecaries can equall their excellent vertue. But thefe delights are in the outward fences: theprincipall delightis in theminde,fingu- larly enriched with the knowledge of thefe vifible things. Letting forth to vs the inuifible wifedome and admirable workmanfhip of almighty God. The delight is great, but the vfe greater, and ioyned often with neceffity. In thefirft ages of the world they were the ordinarie meate of men, and haue continued euer fince ofneceflarie vfe both for meates to maintaine life, and tor medicine to recouer health. The hidden vertue of them is fuch, that (as Pliny noteth) the very bruite beaft s haue found it out : and(which is another vfe that he ob(erues)from thence the Dyars tooke the beginningof their Art. Furthermore, the necefl'ary vfe of thefe fruits of the earth doth plainly appeare by the great charge and care ofalmoft all men in planting and maintaining of gar- deris, not as ornaments onely, but as a neceflarieprouifion alfo to their houfes. And here befide the fruit, to fpeake againe in a word of delight, gardens, efpecial- ly fuch as your Honor hath, furmfhed with many rare Simples, do Angularly de- light, when in them a man doth behold a flourifhing (hew of Sommer beauties in the midft of Winters force, and a goodly fpring of floures, when abroad a leafe is notto befeene. Befides thefe and other caufes, there are many examples of thofe that haue honored this fcience : for to pafle by a multitude of the Philofo- phers, it may pleafe your Honor to cal 1 to remembrance that which you know of fome noble Princes, that haue ioyned this ttudy with their moft important mat- «T 4 ~ Pli.li. 8 . ca. 27 , ibid.li.zz.c.s. Ebc Epiftlc ‘Dedicntorie. ters of ftate : Mithridates the great was famous for his knowledge herein, as Plu- tarch noteth. Eudx alfo King of Arabia,the happy garden of the world for princi- pal! Simples, wrot of this argument, as Pliny fheweth. Diocletian likewife, might haue had his praife,had he not drowned all his honour in the bloud of his perfe- ction, To conclude this point, the example of Solomon is before the reft, and greater, whofe wifedomeand knowledge wasfuch , that hee was able to fet out the nature of all plants from the higheft Cedar to the loweft Mode. But my very good Lord, that which fometime was the ftudy of great Philofcphers and migh- tie Princes, is now negle<3ed, except it be of fome few, whole fpirit and wifdome hath carried them among other parts of wifedome and counfell, to a care and ftu- die of fpeciall herbes,both for the furnifhing of their gardens, and furtherance of their knowledge : among whom I may iuftly affirme and publifn your Honor to be one, being my felfe one of your feruants,and a long time witneffe thereof : for vnder your Lordfhip I haue ferued, and that way employed my principall ftudy and almoft all my time, now by the fpace of twenty yeares. To the large and lin- gular furniture of this noble Ifland I haue added from forreinc p laces all the va- rietie ofherbes and floures that I might any way obtained haue laboured with thefoile to make it fit for plants , and with the plants, that they might delight in the foile, that fo they might liue and profper vnder our dymat, as in their natiue and proper countrey: what my fuccelfe hath beene.and what my furniture is, I leaue to the report of them that haue leene your Lordfhips gardens, and the lit- tle plot of myne owne efpeciall care and husbandry. But becaufe gardens are priuat, and many times finding an ignorant or a negligent fuccefior, come foone to mine, there be that haue follicited me, firft by my pen, and after by the Prefse to make my Labors common, and to free them from the danger whereunto a gar- den isfubiedt: wherein when I wasouercome, and had brought thisHiftory or report of the nature of Plants co a iuft volume, andhadmade it (as the Reader may by companion fee) richer than former Herbals, I found it no cjueftion vnto whom I might dedicate my Laborsjfor confidering your good Lordfhip, I found none of whofe fauor and goodnefse I might looner prefumejfeeing I haue found you euer my very good Lord and Mailer. Again, confidering my duty and your Honors merits, to whom may I better recommend my Labors, than to him vnto whom I owe my felfe, and all that lam able in any (eruice or deuotion toper- forme? therefore vnder hope ofyourHonorablcandaccuftomedfauorf pre- fent this Herbail to your Lordfhips protection j and not as an excjuifire Worke ; for I know my meanneffe) but as the grcateft gift and chiefeft argument of duty that my labour and feruice canaffoord ; whereof if there be no other fruit, yet this is of fome vfe, that I haue miniftred Matter for Men of riper wits and deeper iudgements to poliih,andtoaddetonry large additions where any thing is de- feftiue, that in time the Worke may be perfect. Thus I humbly take my leaue, befeeching God to grant you yet many dayes to liue to his glory, to the fupport of this State vnder her Maieflie our dread Soueraigne, and that with great encreafe ofhonorin this world, and all fulnefse of glory in the world to come, Tour Lordfhips mojl humble and obedient Seruant, Iohn Gerard. _ X . LANCELOTVS BRVNIVS MEDICVS REGINEVS Iohanni Gerardo Chirurgo pentijiimo , rei Herbaria caHeneiflimo S.P. D. V M fingularum medicine partiumcognitioatque inteili- gentia libevo hominedigna confenda eft ; turn earum nulla vel antiquitate, vel dignitare,vel vtilitate,vel deniqueiu- cunditate,cum ftirpium cognitione iure eomparari debet, Antiquiftimam earn die ex eo liquet, quod quum cetera: medicine partes ((lent reliqux etiam artes) ab ipfis homi- nibus (prouteos dura preflit neceflitas)primumexcogitata: & inuenta; fuerunt : fola herbarum arborumque cognitio ante horainem formatum condita,eidemque moxcreato ab ipfo mundi archetefto donata videri poteft. Cuius tanta apudantiqua fecula exiftimatio ac dignitas erat, vt & ip{R us inuentionem fapientiflimo Deorura Apollini veteres tribuerint,& reges celeberrimi in ftirpium virions indagandis ftudium laboremque fuuin confumere, fummoe fibi apud pofteros laudi honorique futurumcenfuerint. Iamvero plantarum vtilitas,atq ; etiam neceffitas,adeo late patet,vt eius immenfitatem nullius vel acutiflimi hominis animus capere.nedum meus calamus exprimere queat.Stirpium enim complurima: nobis in cibos,alimentumque cedunt : innumerte aduerfus morbos remedia ftippeditant:exalijsdomos,naues,inftrnmenta tam bellica quam rufticafabricamus: aliquotetiam earum veftes noftris corporibus fubminiftrant. In quibus fingulis recen- fendis diutius perfiftere, hominis cflet intemperanter abutentis &otio &literis. Quan- tas autem, & quam varias voluptates ex ftirpium fiue amoenitate oculis capiamus, fine fragrantianaribushauriamus,{ine fumma inearum conditorem impietate inficiari non poffiimus. Adeovtabfque ftirpium ope & fubftdio vita nobis ne vitalis quidem haberi debeat. Quum igitur res plantaria reliquis omnibus medicin* partibus antiquitate antecedat; dinnitate,nullicedat ; vtilitateinfuper obleftarioneque catteras longe fuperet,quisfutu- rus eft, adeo, aut infenfatus vt non exploratum habeat, aut ingratus,ut non ingenue ag- nofcat, quanta vniuerfts Anglis commoda, quantafque voluptates runs mi Gerard' in ftir- pium inueftigatione Sccultu labor indefeffus, ftudium inexhauftunymmrnfique fump- tus hoc dc ftirpibuscdito libro allatnri flint. Mafte itaque iftatuavirtute,iftoquedere- publica bene merendi ftudio, & quod infigni tua cum laude ingreftlis es virtutis gloria? - que curriculum, eidem infifte animosc & gnauiter, neq; a re plantaria promouenda prius dell fte, quam earn a te ad vmbilicum iam ferme produftam ipfe plene abfoluas atque per- Ecias. Sic enim & r i b i ad hue fuperftiti gloriam paries immortalem, & poft obitum tan- tam tui nominis celebritatem relinques,vt tuarum laudum pofteros noftros nulla vnquam captura (it obliuio. Bene vale, • Ex Aula Reginea Weftm. ipfis Cal. Decenib. x 5S7‘ MATTHIAS D E V O BEL IOHANNI GERARDO felicitatem. Authoris no ceflHria dili- gcntia in ftir- piumfiue Ma- tcri* Medic* cognicione commendacur. Pr*ftigiofas populaiium mcdicaftmru fallacies dcte- gimus & inuo teratos dcpu- Jitnus errores. Initio prologi Pharmac.Prx- parand, f y«m Londinum appulijnfwu gauifusfum Gerarde amicifme,dum typogra. ' phoformlsexcudenda Plant arum colled anea tua commijfa vidi,de quibus ) Junmhis, nulla die penturas Uudes Anglin tibi Ret -her ban a fam: Ham vni- i tier fam, medic atricis artis partem, antiquiftmum, iucundfimum & vtilf. fimum [Indium, retegtre cuptdo, debet. Pr i [corum enirn Theophrafti,Dio- ’ fcoridis, Plinij, dr Galeni fcripta,pafim teto orbe pervulgata, tanquam fontes ; Neotericorum 'tut em, feu rivulos, Brunfeliij, Fuchfij, Tragi, Ru- elIij,Matthioli, Dodonad, Turned, Clufij, Dalefcampij, Camerarij, Tabernsmontani Veax,noftramque nouammethodum dr ordinem, a Gramme & votioribm ad Triticca,generatim . &fteciatim, materno idiom ate, Anglic* gent i tua cultiftmx, Republic* voluptabili commodo, re- el**# ; q»'» tfpf JhmulaU, herb arum dclitias & hortorum fuau fimum dr amcen fimum cultun: amplelietur, maximorum Imperatonm, Regum dr Hercmm tarn pnforum quam ntipcrorum ex. emplo. Nec fat is hoc tibi fait -Jed miih'o magis infuper praftitifli, quod copiam multarum elegan- tifimarum plant arum in c_Anglia (ponte nafeemum ab alps hadenus pratermijfarum, hiftoriam deferipfifti, magna hoefludio captor um vtilitate dr oblcd amenta • Singula a mimrcgiones pecu lia. res quafdam plant q ,r c m vix vnquam fummis labris deguftarunt , profitentur. Non imenudi SyluiuG* lm- tufmod, homines inuchit, dum a,t; Quam quifque riQLii t artem, h a nC ex erceat vnam arque ex- coiat, « torus meaverfetur &c. Et fubfinem prafrtionis rurfrsait, Faxit Deus vt quifque quam exercet Artem, pernofeat, & Medicus nihil eorum qui ad morbos cit6 & turd cu randos vttha vel neeefTarra e(Te confueucrunt, ignoret. Praeuakt Medicus vbi Pharmaco- poei hdes fufpecia eft, qui ipfe fimplicta & compofita pernofeit; imd quam infami^ no- tam lm prude ns inurit, dum ignarus horum fimphcuim medicamentorum , tanquam afi- nus qutdam ad onma Pharmacopoei rogata,auribus motis,velutannuit : quid ^quod illi Tape etiarn volens Pharmacopoeus illudit. Abfurdiffimuseftacfepiridiralusqui dicinam facit, harurn rerum ignarus . &Pharmacopoeoignorantia; llifpeaum merit reddit. Plurafi quts require apud Sy\uium 0 i6idem loci. me- i merito fe CMechco Medico quam plunmaperfcrutandapvt fitisfuperq., adartem medicxtriccm perdifcendam t anms pAticos haudquaquam fufpicere,tejlantur ipftus expert enlifimi & Diuint ferns verba vbt inquit ■ Ego enim ad finem Medicine non perueni.etiamfi iam fenex fim . Et fiatim per initia A- phorifmerum vttam breuem dr artem longttm promnciauit.£upmodo ergo mo medebimtur mul. tilaruatt CMediciaut Medicaftrt turn repente crcati, nulla Medicinal parte, Medicamentorumve fa. cnltatibus perjpetfis ? Hmufmodi adulatores,aJfentatores, dubitatores , rixatores,periclitatores dr Gnathonicos par afif rates htjlrionibus quiintr ag a: dips introducuntur fimilimos fecit Hippocrates Quemadmodum enim illi(inquit)figuram quidem & habitumac perfonameorum quos refernnt habent,illi ipfi autem vere non funt:Sic & Medicifama quidem Sc nomine mul - tij re autem & operc valde pauci. Itaquc cum paulo ante Medtcinam omnium artiumprs- clar iff imam ejfe dtxerit : Verum propter ignorantiam eorum qui earn exercent,& obvul- gi ruditatem,qui talcs pro Medicis iudicac Sc liabet^iam eo res detienifte,vt omnium ar- tium longc vililTima cenfeatur. At vero hoc peccatum ob hanc potiffimum caulam com- mitti videtur ; foli namque Medicinx nulla pacna in rebus-publicis ftatuta eft, pr*ter- quam ignominiar. Ncarwnamdr famam ladcmt , ant ilh infgrtis ignominia inureretur ob hit. infmodi ardtia dr noxia difcrmina,bonus idle dr fyncerus Eodoiuus (quamvis malt as herbas ex a ■ lijs dr Fuchfio tranfiripferit,cuius methodo vfua eft,quemque mchoauerat ,vt ipfemet mihi retuht, vernacula Gtrmanica inferion lingua verier e) vulgati{fimis,nott(]imis ijfque panels ex tot herbal rim millibus,qitinquagenu ant fcptuagaiis herbis quibus vtebatur,potius contentus fuit,quam in. mmer is fibi ignotis perichtari : melius enim omnino medicamento carcre,abjlincrc,dr natttra con : mtttere, qttam abun.Vtinam hniusnoftr a stalls quamplures aufipettti, medicinatn faSlit antes, eo Jludio, candor e dr voto mederentnr : Idis idforfitannequaquam euenerit ,quod Philofqphis(H/ppo- crate defunBo)difcipulisfuis mexpertis dr pantm adhuc exercitatis mcdendo,idcfi necandopvt me. moria tr adit urn eft) contingit : quamobrem ars Ucdica i^ithents,Roma dr per vniuerfam Gratciam centum dr feptuagtnta anms, inter diEla et exulfuit.cwerito igitur cautc et tute agendum : opiatis et Diagrediat is, Colocynt hide, Tit bpmalis,EfuU,Lat boride, iJMercttrio, Stibio,& ftmilibns mole, ftijfimis fmplicibtss cum cautione vtendum : optimis ducibut dr experientiffimis fcmoribus pree- ceptoribus adharendum,qmru fub vexillis fidifime &tutrjfimerara& praclara,obbarbariem fe- re extinBa,patrum dr auorum remedia,maximo et prifiino artis ornamento et proximi vtilitate re- mnant ur,et in vfum remcantur-picgleBis,fpretis,ei ex clufis Empiricisverbofisjmiidtofis-fijpenfts ambagiofis et exitiofis opinionibus,. quibus tMundus immundus regitur et labitnr . qui cum decip’i veltt,decipiatur:in cuius fallacias per appofite finxit et cecinit olim hos verfcnlos eruditifimus col- lega E.lacobus Paradifus nobilis Gandaitenfts alludens adnomen tanti verfutifimi herois Noltra- dami Salonenfts Gado-prouincie, Hojlra. damns, cum verba damns, quia fallere nostrum ■ Et cum verba damns, nil mfiN ojlra-damus. Vale, Londini ipfis Calendis Deceinb. 1597. Epift.adDe-. mocriiura. “ Multi ma* luntvideri quamedc. In GERARDI Botanologian QiftljVflOTi V Ltimus ccce Gerardus : at edit an optimus herb its ? Jjhiid ni ? non not ns fed dcdit ille novas . Ergo nc inuideas , videos cum nomen & omen mirum ejl or duo quant agerit . O Jnt a'larrt, Koruna , mdfarnt ,7* SiyjxteL t’ 3X5* : Sic liber eft promos, cor.dut vt hortus erat. Et-jvtw s r A, cxlumque folumq^fitbegit. t£ y dp* §tam*f «f • ANTONIVS HVNTONVS, Medicinx candidates. Iohannem Gerardum Chirurgum Uerbari. umq ; feritiftmum. N VIIa oculos hominumfpeciesmagisallicit ilia, Quam prxftantemanu duxit generolus Apelles. Nulla aures animofquemagis facundia, quam quae Seftjfam loquiturCiceronisabore diferti: Hxc cadcm hunclibrum commendat caufa, Gerardo, Cui pro laude fans tali natum efle parente, Artificescui inter dextras pro numine.nomen Nobiliusreliquisherbx,plantxq;magiftris. Illi etenim Europx fuccos, Afijque liquores Quxquearentefolo fitiens parit Africa, traflam : Tu veteruin inuentis noua confuis omnia, fi qua Indus veerquededit noftram fotura falutem, Sive aliunde vebic noftras mercator ad oras, Hoc iplo vtilius.Quia qux funt ciedita feriptis. Ilia manu expertus medico, & bene diues ab horto Explorata diu mu!tuinq;Ctnitcis in auras, Quycurenthominum langucntia corpora, multi Prxftantefq ; viri docuere fideliter artem. Sed li fuftulcris plantas, quern verba iuvabunt Sicaninjo.ficfronte mmax.In ptxlia miles Profilit.at llucto cedit victoria ferro Qra tibi pro tanto cedit victoria ferro Prxmia perfolucr,Myrtilauriq ; coronas ? Warn nouit edax mercedem abolere vetuftas. At tibi pro ftudio impenfifque Iaboribus iftis, Queis hominum curas fertam terW " written of the neceffarie matter of medicine, notonely making mention of herbes, but alfo of trees, fruits, “ liquours and iuices, as alfo of all mineralls,and of che parts of li- xp s,*rs,. mng creatures : and in mine opinion he hath with the greaceft perfection performed this workc of the matter of Medicine: for although many before him haue written wellvp- on this fubieft,yet none haue writ fo well of all. Now Diofcorides followcs not the method of Th eop brafi us ,b u t treats of each kinde ofherbe in particular 3 firfl: giuing the narnes 3 then the delcripcion 3 and then the place where they vfually grow , and laftly their vertucs. Yet of fome, which then were as frequently knowne with them, as Sage, Rofemary, an Afh ot Okc tree are with vs,hc hath omitted the defcriptions 3 as not neceffarie, as indeed at that time when they were fo vulgarly knowne, they might feeme fo to be : but now wee know file Icaft of thefe, and haue nocercaintie,but fome probable conjectures do direct vs to the knou ledge of them. He was not curious about his words nor method, but plainelyand truly deliuered that whereof he had certaine and experimental! knowledge, concerning the deicription and nature of Plants. But the generall method he obferued you may finde let rorch by Batddne in his Edition of Matthiolus,[mmcdiit\y after the preface of the firft booke, whereto I refer the curious, being too long for me in this place to infill vpon. His f % 3 workes To The Trader. vvorkes that haue come to vs are fiue bookes de materia cMedrca. One de letahlus vwend, eoriimq^pracaatitne et curatione : another de Cane rabido,de ¥etcr ?enA and Matthias Ubcl did here at London fet forth a Worke, entituled Stiff turn Aducrfana noun ; the chiefe end and intention whereofbeing to find out the Materiamedicaofthe Antients. Thegenerall method is the fame with that of our Author, which is, putting things together as they haue mod refemblance one with ano- ther in external 1 forme, beginning with Grailes, Comes, &c. They giue few figures.but fometimes refer you to Fnchfius, Dodonaus, and Matthiolus .■ but where the figure was’not giuen by former Authors, then they commonly giue it ; yet mod part of tilde figures arc very finall and vnperfefl, by reafon (as I conieAure) they were t.ik< n from dried plants. In this Worke they infill little vpon thevertues of Plants, but fuccin&ly handle contro-" uerfies, and giue theiropinions of Plants, together with their deferiptions and names which fometimes are in all thefe languages, Greeke,Latine,French,bigh and low Dutch’ and Englifh : otberwhiles in but one or twoofthem. Some Writers for this Work call them Dottifiimi Angli ; yet neitherof them were borne here, for Pena (as 1 take it) was a French man, and Lobel was borne at Ry (Tele in Flanders, yetliued mod part of his later time in this Kingdome, and here alfo ended his dayes. In the yeare i 57 6 he fet forth his Obferuations, and ioyned them with the oMdticrfana, by them two to make one entire Worke : for in his Obferuations he giues mod part of the figures and verities belonging to thofeherbes formerly deferibed onely in the i_Aducr[aria ; and to thefe alfo adds forrm new ones not mentioned in the former Worke. After which he fet forth an HerbalJ in Dutch, wherein he comprehended all thofe Plants that were in the two former Workes and added diuers other to them, the Worke containing fomeanfi figuresjwhich were printed afterwards in a longiili forme, with the Latine names, and references to the La- tine and Dutch bookes. Afterallthefe,atLondon,^»?M icR.cad«. out of the Antients,and augmentersby their owne paines, haue already fpred the odour oftheirgood names through all the lands of learned habitations : D r . Priefi for tranfla- ting fo much as Dodon&us, hath hereby left a tombe for his honorable fepulture. M r . Ge- ra>vfcornming laft, but not the leaft, hath many waies accommodated the whole worke vntoour Englilh Nation, &c.] But that which may lerue to cleare all doubts, ifany can be in a thing fo manifeft, is a place in Labels Annotations vpon Rondcletius his Pharmaco- peia, where pag.^g. he findes fault with Dodonans, for vfingbarbaroully the word Seta for Sericum • and with D r . Priefi, who (faith he) at the charges of M r . Norton tranllated Dodo- vaus, and deceiuedby this word Seta, committed an abfurd errourin tranflating it a bri- ftle, when as it fhould haue been filke. This place fo tranllated is to be feen in the chap- ter of the SkarletOke, at the letter F. And Lobel well knew thatitwas D r . Priefi that committed this error, and therefore blames not M r . Gerard, to whom hee made fhew of friendlhip, and who was yet liuing :butyethe couertly gauevstovnderftand,thatthe worke wherein that error wascommitted, was a tranflation of Dodonans, and that made by Hfir D \ Priefi To the Reader. D'. Pneft, and fet forth by M'. Norton. Now this tranflation became the ground-worke whereupon M 1 .Giraivf built vp this Worke: but that itmight not appearc a tranflation he changes the generall method of Dodonnus, into that of Label, and therein almoft all ouer folloives his leones both in method and names, as you may plainly f ee in the Grafles and Orchidcs To this tranflation he alfo added fome plants out of C/a/?*,, andother- fome out of the dnerfiri, i, and fome fourteene of his owne not before mentioned Now tothishiftorie figures werewanting, which alfo W.Korttm procured from Frankfort be- ing the fame wherewith the Works of TtibcrntimonUnns were printed in Dutch : but this fell erode for my Author, who (as it feemes) hauingno great iudgement in them fre- quently put one for another :and befides, there were many plants in thofe Authors which he followed, which were not in T nbernttmom units paA diners in him which they wanted yec he put them all together, and one for another ; and oft times by this meanes fo conform dedall, that none coifld polfibly hauefet them right, vnlelle they knew this cccafion of thefe errors. By this meanes, and after this manner was the Worke ofmy Author made vp, which was printed at the charges of W. Norton, An. Now it remaines I acquaint you with what I haue performed in this Edition which is either by mending what was amiffe, or by adding fuch as formerly were wanting • fome places I helped by putting out, as the Kindes in the Chapter ofStonecrop, where' there was but one mentioned. I haue alfo putout the Kindes in diners places elfe where thev vvere not very nccefrarie,by this meanes to get more roome for things more neceflarie- as alfodiuers figures and defcnptions which were put in two or three places 1 haue nut them out in all but one, yet fo,as that I alwaies giue you notice where they were and of what. Some words or pafiages are alfo putouthere and there, which I thinkenccdlefle to mention. Sometimes I mended what was amiife or defe£tiue,by altering or adding one or more words as you may frequently obferue if you compare the former edition •f rk thlS £> | n ^ ome | ew chapters almoft m any place. But I thinke I fhall beft fatisfie you if I briefely fpecifie what is done m each particular, hauing firft acquainted you with what my generall intention was : I determined, as wel as the fhortnelTe ofmv time would giue me leaue, to retame and fet forth wharfoeuerwas formerly in the bookedeferibed or figured without defcnptions (fome varieties that were not necefTarieexcepted ) and to thefe I intended to addewhatfoeuer was figured by Lobel, Dodon* U s,o r C/«L , whofe fi gures vve madevfe of; as alfo fuch plants as grow either wilde, or vfually in the o- ar dens of this kingdome, which were not mentioned by any of the forenamed Authors’, for T neither thought it fit norrequifite forme, ambitioufly toaimeat all that Bouhine ’in his Pm, tx reckons vp,or the Exotickes of Proper ^ilpnut containe,not mentioned in the for mer. This was my generall intention. Now come I to particulars, and firft of.figures' X haue, as I laid, madevfe of thofe wherewith the Workes of Dodonem, Lobel, and elm lu, were formerly printed which, though fome of them be not fo lightly, ye t are they -eneral- Jyas truly expreft, and fometimes more. When figures not agreeable to the defefoptions were former] ly in anpiace I giue you notice thereof with a marke of alteration before- thetitle,asalfomtheendof the Chapter; and if they were not formerly in the booke then fgmeyouthem with a marke of addition. Such as were formerly figured in the ooke, though put for other things, and fo hauing no defeription therein, I haue caufed to be new cut and put into their fit places, with deferiptions to them, and only a marke of alteration. The next are the defcnptions, which I haue in fome places lightly amended without giuing any notice thereof ; but when it is much altered, then giue I you this’ marke t at the beginning thereof ; but if it were fuch as that I could not helpe it but by writing a new one, then fhall you finde it with this marke * at the beginning and end thereo^asa^owhatfoeuerisaddedin the whole booke, either in defeription or other- vife. The next is the Place, which I haue feldome altered, yet in fome places fupnlied n in others I haue put doubts, & do fufpedt otherfome to be falfe, which beeaufel had not yet viewed, I left as I found. The Time was a thing of no fuch moment for any mat- ter worth mentioning to be performed vpon, wherefore I will not infill vpon it. Names are of great importance, and in them I fhould haue been a little more curious if I had hid more time as you may feel at the firft haue beene . but finding it a troublefome worke I haue one.y afterwards where I judged itmoftneedfull infilled vpon it : Bmhinus his P?- ^vmay fupply what you in this kinde finde wanting. In many places of this worke you fhall finde large difcourfes and fometimes contfouerfies handled by our Authour i/the Vw C the r moft P a , rc ?" c of Oodon^s, & fome of them were fo abbreviated and by that meanes confounded, that I thought it not worth my paines to mend them fo I haue put them out in fome few places, and referred you to the places in Dodo, inns out of which -V' V' V:A» v a c\ t _ » , i-V'-'b- V* To the %eader< which they were taken,as in die chapter of Alehoofe : it may be they are not fo perfect as they lhould be in fome very few other places, (for I could not compare all) but if you fufpett any fuch thing, haue recourfe to that Author, and you fhall finde full fatisfadion. Now come I to the Temper and Vertues. Thefe commonly were taken forth of the fore-mentioned Author, and here and there out of Labels Obferuations, and Camtrarius his Hortus medicos. Tothefehealfo adddedfome few Receipts of his owner thefelhaue not altered, but here and there fhewed to which they did mod properly belong ; as alfo if I found themotherwife than they ought, I noted it ; or if invnfit places, I haue trans- ferred them to the right place, and in diners things whereof our Author hath bin filent, I haue fupplied that defeft. For my additions I will here fay nothing, but refer you to the immediate enfuing Ca- talogue, which will enforme you what is added onely in figure,ordefcription,or in both, by which, and thefe two formerly mentioned marks, you may fee what is much altered or added in the Work; for this marke f put either to figure, or before any claufe, (hews it to haue bin otheriv ile put before;Or that claufe whether itbein defeription, Place, Time, Names, or Vertues to be much altered. This other marke \ put to a figure fiiewes it noc to haue been formerly in the worke, but now added ; and put in any other place it ihewes all is added vntill you come to another of the fame marks. But becaufeit is fomtimeso- mitted, I will therefore giue notice in the 'Errata where it fhouldbe put, in thofe places where I obferue either the former or later of them to be wanting. Further, I mull acquaint you how there were the defetiptions of a few plants here and there put in vnfitting places,which made me deferibe them as new added, as Saxifragama- itr c Mattbioli, Pcrpcaria (iliquofa, of whjch in the chapter of Pcrpcaria there was an ill de- feription, but a reafonablegood one in the chapter of Aprantia nigra. Papaiier Jpinofom^ as figured and deferibed amongft the Cardui -, now all thefe (as I faid) I added as new in the mod fitting places : yet found them afterwards deferibed, but put them out all , except thelaft, whofe hiftorie I (fill retaining, with a reference to the preceding figure and Hi- ftorie. Note alfo, wherefoeuer my Author formerly mentioned Clupus, according to his SpanifhorPannonicke Obferuations, I haue made it, according to his Hiftorie, which containes them both with additions. Alfolmuftcertifieyou, (becaufel know it is a thing that fome will thinke ftrange, that the number of the pages in this booke do no more exceed that of the former, confi- dering there is fuch a large acccffion of matter and figures) the caufe hereof is. each page containes diners lines more than the former, the lines themfeluesalfo being longer; and by the omiftion of deferiptions and figures put twice or thrice oner, and the Kindes,vnne- ceflarily put in fome places, I gaifed as much asconueniently I could, beeing defirous that it might be bound together in one volume. Thus haue I fhewed what I haue performed in this Worke, entreating you totake this my Labor in good part; and if there be any defeft therein (as needs there rauft in all hu- mane works) aferibe it in part to my hafteand many bufinefles, and in fome places to the want offufficient information, efpecially in Exoticke things-, and in other fome, to the little conuerfation I formerly had with this Author, before fuch time as (ouercome by the importunitieoffome friends, and the generall want of fuch a Worke) I tooke this taskevponme. Furthermore I defire, thatnonevroild rafhly cenfureme for thatwhich I haueberedone ; but they that know inwhattime I did it,andwhothemfelues are able to do as much as I haue here performed ; for to fuch alone 1 fhall giue free libertie,and will beasready toyeeld further fatisfa&ion if they defire it, concerning any thingl haue hcreafferted, as I fhall be apt tonegledtand fcorne the cenfureofthe Ignorant and Vn- lcarncd,who I know are ftiil forward toverifie our Englifh prouerbe * I muft not in filencepaffe ouer thofe from whom I haue receiued any fauouror incou- ' ’ ’ ragement, whereby I mightbethe'oetterenabled to performe this Taske. In the firft place let me remember the onely Affiftant I had in this Worke, which was M ' .John Geod- yer of Maple Durham in Hampfhire, from whom I receiued many accurate deferiptions, and fome other obferuations concerning plants ;the which (defirous togiueeuery man his due) I hauecaufed to be fo printed, as they may be diftinguifhed from the reft .-and thus you fhall know them; in the beginning is the name of the plant in Latinein a line bv it felfe, and at the end his name is inferted ; fb that the Reader may eafily finde thofe things that I had from him, and I hope together with me will be thankfull to him, that he would fo readily impart them for the further increafe of this knowledge. M 1 '. George Bowles of Chiflelhurft in Kent muft not here be forgot, for by his trauells and induflry I haue had knowledge of diuers plants, which were not thought nor formerly ^[^T«r a- fenowne To the Trader. Ihtmat Hicfos JehnBug $1. William Broad. Job Weale. Leonard Buch- ner. lames Clarke. Robert Lorain. knowne to growwildc in this kingdcme,asycufha!lfirideby diners places in this book. My lotting friends and fellow Trauellers in this ftudy,and of the fame profelTion, vvhofe companie I haue formerly enioyed infearching oner agreatpartof Kent, and vvhoare ftill ready to do the like in other places, are here alfo to bcrcmembred } and that the ra- ther, becaufe this Knowledge amongft vs in this city was almoft loft, or at leaft too much neglefted,efpecially by thofe towhom it did chiefely belong, and who oughtto be a- fhamed of ignorance, efpecially in a thing fo abfolutely neccflaric to their profelfton. They (hould indeed know them as vvorkemen do their tooles, that is readily tocal them by their names,know where to fetch, and whence to procure the belt ofeachkinde; and laftly,how to handle them. I haue already much exceeded theboundsofan Epiftle,yet haue omitted many things of which I could further haue informed thee Reader, but I will Ieaue them vntill fuch time as I findeagratefttll acceptance 3 orfome other occafion that may againe in- uite me to let Pen to Paper which, That it may be for my Countreyes good and Gods glory, fhall euer be the prayers and Endeauours of thy Well- Wilher From my trnfeon Snow-hill, Octet, 12. i £33. Thomas Iohnson . 5 \\^dl6-Galanga mater. C. Galanga minor. Q. Chap.2 7. Cyper Hi Indicus.C. Chap.2 8. Zedoaria.Q. Chap. 29. 'j . (uncus cap.EqHtfSA< Chap.34. 5. Spar turn hojl.par.iA* 6 v Spurt . csfuftriacumfA. Chap. 5 9. 4 Phalangtum antiqSA. ^.Phalang. VirginS d C-{ Chap.42. 4 Jr is Bjz.antinaj \ . 7. Iris fto.certif.obfolHA. %. Cham Air is nine aft A . $ .ChamAir .lat .ft.rub ft.d, I o. Cham air Jut S A. I I Cham .vanegat SA. Chap.45. 3 .Calamus aromatSA, Chap.63. 3 .Pauicum Amertcanumft. d. Chap.64. 3 .IPhaldr. prat. altera ft d Chap. 6 5. 2 .Alopccuros Anglic a. pal A. Chap.68. 2 (Melampyrumpurp.i d 3 Melampyr % c&ml ft d 4 (JMelampyr.LktSd Chap.70. 5 Afphodelus minimus ft d Chap.71 3 Afpbod.Lanc.vcrft d Chap.74. I Iris bnlbofa List ft d 4 Iris bulb: vet ficolft d 6 Iris bulb.flo.cinSd 7 Iris bulb. fto. alb ft d Chap. 7 5 2 Stfynrichium mining Chap.76 qCjladiolus lacuftrisftd Chap.77 2 Hyacinthus ft el .albicans, f 3 Hyacinthus Bel.bifofft d 6 Hyac.ftel • Byz,*ntft d 8 Hyac.ftel. Somftd 9 Hyac. ft el. a ft. mat A d 10 Hyac.ftel. Asl .min ft d 1 2 HyaclTeruv . f d Chap.78 3 Hjac.ftel.ver.d. Chap.79 6 Hyac.Or.polyanthftd 7 Hyac.Or.pnrp. f d 8 Hyac. Or. alb ftd 9 Hyac.Brumalusft d 10 Hyac.Or.eaulefoliofoftd 1 1 Hyac. Or-fto.plenoy f d 1 2 Hyac. Or.flc. cArul.plenoft d 1 3 Hyac.Or.flo.cand.plen.t d 1 4 Hyac . obfolet.fto. Hijp. f d 1 5 a»». Hi/p. ( d 16 Hyac.Ind.tuberftd Chap. 80 3 Hyacinth us com. By^ant . f 4 Hyacinth, com. ramofus A 5 Hyacinth, com. ram. eleg. i d «MMT 3 Chap' ( Additions . Chap.84.4 Narc ff.medio-croccus LeHc.bulb.vern.minA Chap. 8 9.3 Frittillaria oAquitan.mtnflo.obfol. f d. ^ Prittill.alb.pracox f d Cum nwtintbus & not it nonem altar urn varieta - turn. Chap. 9 0.3 Crocus vermu flo.lutS 4 Crocus vern.flo.albof 5 Crocus vern.fio.purpA C Croc .mont. Ant umA 7 Croc.mon. Autism. flo.mai.albid c carul A d 8 Crocus Autumflo.albA 9 frocm vernus anguliifolflo.violA d lo Crocus vernm latfioflau. frits violS d. II Croc .vern.lat.flnat.flo. duplA Chap. 91 5 Colchicum mont anum min. verfc.flo, fd 9 Colchicum lattfoliumAd Jo Colchicum verfic .flore ( d II Colchicum. flo.pleno d d 12 Colchicum bifiorA d 1 3 Colchicum vernum f d 1 4 Colchicum variegat. Chienfe. f d I 5 Hermodaclyli ojfic. fd. Chap. 9 2. 4 Ornithogalum hfpan. minus. f d 5 Ornithogalum luteum minus .f d 6 Bulbus vntfolius f d 7 Ornithogalum maths ArabicumA d 8 Ornithogalum fpicatum f d 9 Ornithogalum Neapolitauumf d Chap. 9 3.3 Cepa Hrfpantea oblonga f d 4 tsffcalonitides.t d. Chap. 94 1 Set da uifpanica vulg. fd 6 Narcijfus ter tins MatthioliA d Chap. 95 Porrum fettivum ant tonftle f d Chap.96 3 Ampelopra fon, five Porrum fylf d Chap. 97. 2 Allium Jyl.rubent. nul.fd Chap. 99. 2 Scorodoprafumprimum fluff 3 Scorodoprafum minus f d 4 Ophiofcoridon.i d Chap. 1 00 . 6 Moly latifolium flore flattoAd, 7 Aiolj minus fio.alboAd fChap. 10 1. lOHoly Narcifftnts folits prim A d Z.CMoly Narc. fo liis fecund Ad 3 Moly Narc. fol tertiumfd 4 Moly mont . latifol. I fluff d £ < 5 CMoly mont. fecund. C/u fid 6 Moly mont . 3 ClufAd 7 M0/1 mont.^fpcc.l Cluffd 8 Moly mont. 4 fpec.i. Cluf.id 9 Moly mont .5 fluff d. Chap. I 03.2 Ltliumrubrum, f d 4 Lilium cruentum bulbif.f 5 Lil.cruent . fecundum caul. bulb. don A. 6 Lilium purpur cum minus fd Chap. 1 0$ 2 Lilium Byzantinism flo.purpur . fang A 4 3 Lilium By z.ant.flo. dilute rubent Ad 4 Ltltum By zant. mini atum poly anthf d Chap. lotf.I Lilium rubrum anguflifS d 2 Lilt urn rubrum pracox A 3 Lilium mont, Flo. F lav puuZl Ad 4 Lilium mont flore flavo non puntt .fd Chap. 110.5 Cynrforchts minor AP annon .f d Chap. 1 1 1.3 Cynoforchis mortomtnor. fd Chap. 1 1 2 . 4 Tra 0 orchis minor Batamca fd Chap. 1 1 7 . 1 5 O? chi j trij 0 1 . minor i d 16 Otchts angu fhfolA Chap. I j 5.3 Oichis palmar a P annon. % .Cluff d Chap. I j 6. 9 Scrap: as Batrachttcs alter a f d 1 Chap.l 1 7, 5 Palma Ckrflt max. fd Chap .118.2 Nidus auts flore O cattle violas, d L x B 2. C Hap. 1 . 2 Rapum radtee oblonga f d Chap.i.2 Rap flt urn arvenfe alt. fd Chap. 3. 1 Bum as ft 2 Bunias fyl.Lobelti f Chap- 5 . 1 Rapbanus fativusf X Radtcula fat. min A Chap.7.3 Lepidium annuumfd Chap- 9. 1 Sinapifativumf X Sinapi vulgare d 3 Sinapi fat. alt . f 4 Sinapt album ,fd $ 5 Sinapi fyl. minus f Chap. I o. 1 Eruca fativaf 3 Erne a fyl. angufitfohaf 4 Eruca Naflurtiocogn. tentiifol.f 5 Eruca marina f *’ 6 Eruca aquatic a 5 d Chap. I J. 2 Eryftmum alter urn Lalknmft Chap, 17.2 Sium mains anguflifol.d 3 Stum vmbe datum repens d 4 Sium alterum OLufatri facie ,fd 6 Sium Matthioli dr ItalA d Chap. 18.3 Cardamtne altera flo.pleno fd 7 Stum minus impatient ,f d 8 Cardamtne purtnla Bcllidis fol A d Chap. I p .5 Thlafpt amarum d Chap. 20 Thlafpt Cand.flo>alb.fd Chap. 2 1 . 8 Thlafpt petraum minusfd Chap. 22 .^Thlafpt fluticofum folio Leuc*mar.f 5 Thlafpi hederaceumf d Chap.2 3 .1 Turrnis mator f d C Chap. 24 . 1 T>raba Diofcoridu fd p j 2 Drabaprim a repens f d * "S 3 Drab a altera repent f d £ 4 Dr aba five Arab is quorundam. d Chap.2 7. 3 Erigeron tomentofum alterum f d ^hap. f d 3 iacob&a latifoltaS d Chap. 29. 5 Qichorm&' fipinofiism.id Chap. 3 1. 3 Chondrillaluteafi 4 Chondri/la Htjpanica ,f 9 C ichor turn verrucarium.i d Chap.32.3 Densleonis bulbofim. fd Chap. 3 3. 2 SonchtM after tor . fd 5 S one bus Unis mnralUS d <7 Sonchns l etuis anguftif.i d 9 Sonchns arboreficens alt.i t j 5 Ar.em ten fto.Coccin, id I * 6 oAncm.tcnflo. dilute purp. fd 7 Anem.tenfto.exalb. t d 8 Anem.tenflo.ccrul.ftriatSd j 9 Anem.tenftoplen.coccin.id ^ lo Anem.ten.flo.atropurp. fd Chap.78. 3 Anem.ncmorumflo.pleno albS 4 Anom.nem fto. plena, purp Sd Chap. 79* 4 < Tulfiatilla Flore mitioreS d 5 Pul fiat il.flo.lut. d Chap. 8 l.^.Lapathum.Jyl.fol.min.acuteSd Chap.82 . 5 LapathumfiativnmfiangS Chap. 8 3 .2 capitatum nngnft/f. f d 3 verum antiqS d. 1 Chap.87. 3 Ophrss btfolia bulb .id Chap. 88.2 Ophioglojfibn abortivum. f Chap.89. 3 Bunariamin.ramofitfid Chap.90. iXP/rola 2 tenerior. ClufSd 3 Tyrola 3 firm scans Clufi.id 4 Pyrola 4 min.Clufi. i d Chap.92 . 3 Ltmontum folio finuato. f d 4 Limoni 0 congener Cluj \ f- d Cliap.93 .2 Tripoliumvulg.min.i Chap. 9 6. 2 *P lant ago aquat .minor ft el. f d Chap.97.5 P lantago pannicuiis ft ar fits. id Chap. 99.-4 Holosleum five Leontopod, CretSd 5 Hol< ft five Leontod.Cret.alt td Chap. 1 04 Herba Dorea Label S HcrbaDorea altera d Chap. 1 Of. 2 Cj ent tana min. pur \>Sd y-Chap.107. 1 Gjentianelia verna mat or S d CL j 2 fij ent • Alpm.vern . d A 3 Cjent.fiugaxmin.d v. 4 Gent.fiugax mat A . Chap, 1 09. 2 Speculum XJeneris minus, id Chap. 1 1 2.2 Calceolm Marta alter. i d Chap. 1 14. 3 PerficariapujUla repensSd 4 *e rficarta filiquofaSd Chap-I (6.$ Tracheltam ma'tus petrdum fd Chap* 1 1 7 .7 Campanula (ymbalaria fold Chap. II S, 4 Rapunculsts Alp.CormcnlSd 5 Kupunculm comic. mom Sd 6 Rapunculus fiaxattlts i i d Chap. 1 19. 4 Leucoium fiyl. d 5 LcHcdmeum fto.ampl.d 6 Leucoinm Flo.albo- d Chap iio.2 Leucoium flo.mttltiplSd 3 Leucoium fpinofium (fret. id Chap i2 1.2 Leucoium marinum purp. d Chap. I 22.2 V tola matronahs flore. multipl. d 3. 4 Viota Mat . Flo.obfibl.ftve Leucoium Melan - cholicum . f d Chap. 1 24.2 . Alyfifum Dioficoridis f Chap I2 f. Ch.283, 2 Echium vulganeffj 3 Sch >um pullo flore, f. f.d . Ch.2 90. 2 Tujflago Jflpina, £, d. Ch.3 I 8. 2 C°UHolvuluS CdLT.fol.YOtf.d . 3 C eK P°lV' carti hmin.f.d . Ch.3 I 9* 3 Sc ammonium Monfpel. f. Ch. 321.3 Bryonia nigra lantum fiorens , d < Ch . 3 2 2 . Ialapium, d * Ch.3 26. 3 Clematis car.flo.pleno, f.d. Ch.3 27. Clematis cruciata Alpinaf.d . Ch.3 30. 2 Clematis Daphnoides maior, f. Ch.3 34. Apocynum Syr. Cluf.f. Ch.3 36. 1 Beriploca latifolia, f. Ch.3 37 . 6 Polygonatum V irginiantw, d. Ch.342. 2 Cttrullus minor , f. Ch .34 5 . Virginia™ > d . M elonesaquat.edu/es, Virg.d . Ch.352.5M aluaafliua Hijpanicaf.d. Ch 353.5 Alceafruticofacannab.i. Ch.3 5 5. 3 Alcea zAigyptS. d. Ch.3 56 . 1 fj cranium colum.maius diffett.fol. d. 3 Geran. faxatile , d. Ch.360. 2 (jeranium batrachioides alt. f.d. 3 Geran. Batrachioides pullo Fl. f«d. 1 4 Geran. batrach. long.radS.d , zA dditions, Cb.363. I Geranium bulb. Pen. f.d. V 2 Cjcran. nodofum Plateau, f.d. C.^ 3 Geran. argent. A/p A d. ) 4 Geran. batrach.fio. var. d. 5 Geran. Pnd.flo. maculato, d. Ch. 367. 1 3 Ranunculus hirfut . A/p.flo alb £6. 1 4 Ran.mont. hirfut. purpAA. Ch.369. 2 Ranunculus zfAfiat. Flo. pier.. min A. d, 3 Ran. Aflat. Flo.plen.proliferof. d. 5 Ran grunt. rad.ramofusf.d* 6 Ran. grum.rad. Flo.albAA. 7 Ran. zAfiatgrum.rad.F lo.jlav.varSA • CI1.37I . I Ran.Cret JatifolS. d. 2 Ran. folio plant £ A. 3 Ran. moot. F/o.min. f,d. C. ^ 4 Ran.mont ,F lo.maj . f. d. £ Ran.pr&cox rut fol S A. 6 Ran. pracox ThalietrifolSA. 7 Ran. parvtts echinat. f. d. Ch.376. 4 A coni turn lycoll. ex cod.C&fS. 5 Aeon. lycofl. hirfut. f.d. 6 Aeon. 'Uiolaceum , f.d. 7 Aconitumpurp. Neubcrg. f.d. 8 zSfconitum max. Iudenberg. f.d. 9 Acon.max .nutant.comaA d. Ch. 3 80. 5 Poeonia promifeua , f. 6 Tceoniafccmina pumila, f. 7 Poeonia Byz.ant.fA. Ch.381. 5 6Drypis, f, Ch.460. 4 fpicata Cretica, f.d. 5 fynanchica , d. 6 Rubia minima , f.d. Ch.462. 2 Rubia cruet at a Uuis, f. d. CI1.46 3 . 2 Afperu/a Flo.carulS . ", 3 Sagina fiergula, f. 4 Spergula marina, d. 5 Spergula rubra, d. Ch . 5 65 . F tlic is mar is varietSA. Ch.467. 3 Poly podium dud, f.d. Ch.468. fDryoptcris Adu, f.d. Ch.70. 3 Hemionitis mat or, f. 4 Hem. minor f. 5 Hem.peregrina , f. CI1472. 4 Chamafilix taar.AnglS CI1.47 5* z Acanthus fyl. aculeatusf, Ch.478. 1 Car duns glob of acut,f% 3 (farduus glob.min.f. 5 (farduus glob . cap. latter e, f„. 6 (farduus eriocephalus, f. Ch.48 1 . 1 Carlina caulefcens, f. 3 Carlina acaulos min.Flo.purpSA. Ch.485. 5 Eryngiumpufd.ptan. f.d. Ch.48 7. 3 TDipfacus minor £ . Ch.488. 1 Carthamus , f. Ch.490. 9. Picnomos, d. Ch.493. 1 Ctrfium max . Affhod. rad. f.d. 2 Cirfium mai. alter, f.d. 3 Cirfiumfel. non hirfut .f.d. 4 Cirf.mont . cap.parv. f.d. 5 CVr/. too;;/, ^^/.f.3 ,d. 6 Cardbus mollis fol. diffeftSA. 7 (far d. moll. fol.Lapat hit f.d. Ch.494.3 Trifol.mai.Flo.albS . 4 Trifol.mai.Flor.purp. f. 5 Trifol. lut.lupul. f, 6 Trifol. lut.minS \ Ch.496. 6. Coronopus ex cod. C&f . f.d. 8 Trifol. lut.fil. cornS* d. Ch.497. 1 Lagopus max. f. 2 Lagop. mai.Jpica longS.d. 3 Lagop. angufl .HiffdA. Ch.500. Fccnum- Gracum Jyl-f Ch.50 1 . filiqua quadSA. Ch.502 Medicafiufi .cochleat . jpinSA. 4 t'/ir. jCh.fO 6 . 1 Trifol. filiqua lun f.d. 1 Trtfol.ang. Alp .[ A . 3 Trifol, fptn.CretS.d. 4 Trifol.fi agtf £ A . 5 T7tfol.flell. hirfut A. 6 Trif. ftell.glab.d. Ch.507. 9, < Ph*feolor.pegrfa,var. 9. cum fig. 3 ,d. 9 . Ch.509. 4 Lupin ms mat. flo. car. f.d. Ch.ji5. J V>cia,f. 2 Vic ia max. dumet. d. 3 Vicia fyl. flo. alb. f.d. S Vicia Jyl. flue Cracca min. f.d. Ch.5 1 6 . i Lathyrus mai.latifol.f. 2 Lath, ang . flo .alb „ f. 3 Lath, mgufl flo. pur p. f.d. 4Lath, camn. f.d. L I B. 3 . C H.2.6 Rofa lut. multipl. f.d, 8 Rofa (fvmam.flo.flmpl. f. Ch.3 . 2 Rofa fyl. odor. flo. dup. f. CI1.4. 2 Rubw repens fruttu c&ftojd. CH.5. 19 Cftus ann.flo. mac. f.d. 20 Ciftus folio fampfuch. f.d. Ch.6. 7 Chamactfltu ferpillifol. f.d.. 8 Cham acinus Frtf. f.d. Ch.7. 15 Ctftm Ledonfolft Rofm. f.d. Ch. 1 2 . Glycyrr!oiz.a vulg. f. Ch . 1 7 . Orobancbes triplex var . f. 3 . Ch.20. 5 Genifla Jptnoja humilis, d. Ch.25. 2 Tragacantha min.tcon accur. 3 PoterionLob. f. Ch.26. I Acacia fDiofc. f. Ch.27. 2 Lyctum Htjp. f. Oh. 28. I Rhamnus flo.alb , f. Rhiimn.alt.fl'j.purp.f.d . 2 Rhamnits 2 ^ 7 «/. f.d. ' 3 Rhamnits 3 £ 7 #/^ d- Ch.30. 1 Rbamnus folat.f. 2 Rhamn.fol.min. f.d, 3 Rham. fol.pttmil.d. Ch.3 4. Ilicis ramus flor. f. Ch.3 5. Cent minor U ram. cum flo. f. Ch.3 7. 2 Gada mat or alt. f.d. Ch.40. 2 Ptcea pumila ft. Ch.42. 8 Pinafler Auftr. f.d. 9 Pinaster mar. min. f.d. Ch.43 . 2 Abies maijf. Abietis ramus cum lulls ft. Ch.47. Taxus glandif. & baccif \ d. Tax us t ant. flor „ d. Ch.48. 3 I uniperm Alp, min. f.d. Ch.49. 3 C'drus lycia alt.f. d . Ch.50. 3 Sabina bacc.alt . f.d, Ch . 5 2 . 3 Ch.155. 7 Fuchs ferulS.d. 8 Fucus tenuifol. alt. f.d. 9 Mufc us mar .ClufS.d. 10 Mufcus mar. ter tins Dod.f.d, 1 1 Abies mar .Belg.Qlttflof' d. Qh.i66.$ Coralotdes albS.d. 6 Coral. rub. f.d. 8 Spong.infundibnli formaft.d. 9 Spongta ramoft , f d. Ch.i6y.Fungorumfig‘i4> The Appendix contatnesflg ^ . defcrfl.yt* T H £. • ' \ • '.A-'- X •' • .' -.nV .h.i ' ,v - *\j .\tV.v: . iv.'.t • ■ '- l Jj . vV^.V V.tf*.*.* \ . .V .fluK uvr • \ £ 1 . Cl 3 A\» X Vft ij £ . v r- ' ' ; ..«r: ■ •W- . »* 0 .?T V •At.;:- v .S. 3 . V.'.uA ‘ v> . 4 .£ 11 .,.. ) ' 1 -A . » • - . , i . 5 il.rO ',/•>»’ '» . V .V V . v.' ■ iWV^ t , ' . varVJ £ ,h .vt-.U -W. ,.*»*•. . i ... • vi.w ‘ . . ».8f *. W* l .5 4 -v . :'■ * ^ . . Mrtuft'rr . . Vnn * j " b > i- ■ - ' ’ ' - ‘ $.! • > V .djk I . • > ‘ ■ **'"•' 7 • ; . • »J. ■>'*■.. it ■.■.&«& vsr. i". -v.iJj , .U ■ p \v V VI. £ lavi-.V V AK j ' r - '-t.i .D. a. i' ■ - c .b.Wt'V . „ ' - ' : ■ l» y'V ^ ■ ,Ua. 1 MtMH 01 • 'Wiw . t-v.i * -> • • fc • • • Xh Ot . • vr • -Ih • i. A\r. ul •’ ? «b* 5 i ■ 6 . ,v*' • t if •<»•&>* ;i A -p>' ■ Jj. V«.^« i .Air 1 .. ' q J . ot ' Vi .5 r.sJt 1 .* S l . ,Av*v.»>'k\ •’ ife.\ r ■ ->.A n : . f . '.i ia < '• * » • » c I | » - ■ _ - -•* . . w . .i.'i ’■*.«' _ ;» . . . . • A A V . r , oi> L' •Uj.iv .b.v ;-. 1 o :. A' J . . . . j .■ 1 v 3 .,', .vhAjO < . v -• j ; ■ ^ ^ ' _■ j. .v.'i. ' ,.x.S" „ -b ■ ‘ ' . v -.t « - ‘ -J •b.* . -\v -■ . : v j . 2 s /i j . >1 .V.rlD • - .Z.rlD i.n.rfO < *• 01 .:: I - ..■ : ii: ■■ j i.p.db* ■ ,:.V .. ..-i , ..»*wr:v j , ' • WV. .. . /i^K^kw Lib. t. ' FoJ. i. THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE HISTORIE OF PLANTS: Containing (jrafies, Rujhes, ‘Reeds, Come , Flags , dndBulbous , or Onion-rooted Flants. N this Hiftorie of Plants it would be tediou. to vfe by way of inrroduftion, any curious difcourfe vpon the generall diuifion of Plants, contained in Latinevnder _sl/bor t F rut ex, S nffrutcx, Herhtt : or to fpeake of the diifering names of their feuerall parts, more in Latine than our vulgar ton° ue can well exprefle. Ortogoabout to teach thee, or rather to beguile thee by the fmell or tafte, toguefle at the temperature of Plants : when as all andeueryof thefe in their place (Trail hand their true face and note, whereby thou maift both know and vfe them. In three bookes therefore, as in three gardens, all our Plants are bellowed ; forted as neere as might be in kindred & nei h- bourhood. ° The firft booke hath GrafFes,Rufhes,Corne, Reeds, Flags, Bulbous or Onion-rooted Plants. The fecond, mod forts ofherbes vfed for meate, medicine, or fweet fmell in°-. The third hath Trees, Shrubs, Bufhes, Fruit-bearing Plants, Rofins,Gummes, Rofes, Heathes Molfes, Mufhroms, Corail, and their feuerall kindes. _ Each booke hath chapters, as for each herbe a bed rand euery- Plant prefents thee with the La- tine and Englifh name in the title, placed oner the pifture of the Plant. Then followes the kindes, defeription, place, time, names, natures, and vertues, Agreeing with the beft receiued opinions. Laft ofal! thou haft a generall Index, as well in Latine as Englifh, with a carefull fupply like- ly ifeofan Index telinguisfil barbarous names. And thus hauing giuen thee a generall view, of this garden, now with our friendly labours wee will accompany thee, and leade thee through a Giraffe- plot, little or nothing of many Herbarifts heretofore touched -. and beginwith the moil common or beftknowne Graffe, which is called m Latine, Gramenprntcnf: and then by little and little conduct thee through moft plealant gardens and other delightfull placep, where any herbe or plant may be found fit for meate or medicine. c HAP. I. Of FTvfcdoVoXjrajfc, a loo. r~ iV * * ere f ™ dr y and infinite kindes of Graffes not mentioned by the Antients , either as vn nece(Tarie to be fet downe,or vnknowne to them : onely they make mention of fome ||| few, whole wants we meane to fupply, in fuch as haue come to our knowledge, referring the reft to the curious fearcher of Simples. ^ The Defeription. Ommon Medovv Grafle hath very fmall tufts or roots, with thicke hairy threds depending vpon the higheft turfe, matting and creeping on the ground with a moft thicke and apparant fhew of wheaten leaues, lifting vp long thinne ioynted r and light ftalks, a foot or a cubit high, growing fmall and fharpe at the top, with e eare hanging downward, like the tuft or top of the common Reed. A t. Small z Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lib. i. 2 Small medow Grade differeth from the former in varietie of the foile ; for as the firft kind groweth in medowes, fo doth this fmall graife clothe the hilly and more dry grounds vntilled,and barren by nature •, a Grade more fit for iheepe than for greater eattell. And becaufe the ltindes of Grade do differ apparantly in root, tuft, ftalke, leafe, (heath, eare, or creft,we may affure our felues that they are endowed with feuerall vertues, formed by the Creator for thevfe of man , although they haue been by a common negligence hidden and vnknovrne. And therefore in this our Labor we haue placed each of them in their feuerall bed,where the diligent fearcher of Nature may,iffo he pleafe, place his learned obferuations. X Gramcnpralenfc. a Gramcnpratcnfc minus. «j The Place. Common Mc-dow-graffc groweth ofit felfe vnfet or vnfowen,euery where, but the fmall medow or iffe for the moft part groweth vpon dry and barren grounds, as partly wee haue touched in the cription. t The Time, Concerning the time when Grade fpringeth and feedetb, I fuppofe there is none fo fimple but knoweth it, anti that it continueth all the whole ycare, feeding in Iune and Iuly. Neither needeth it any propagation or replanting by feed or othervvife ; no not fo much as the watery Grades , but that they rccouer themfelues againe, although they haue bcene drowned in water all the Winter Jong, as may appeare in the wilde fennes in Lincolnfhirc and fuch like places. intcrnod'tjs ferpat erebroque nones fj>atgat radices : for it groweth, goeth, or fpreadeth it felfe vnlet or vn fovven, naturally ouer all fields or grounds, cloathing them with a faire and perfect greene. It is yearely mowed, in feme places twice, and in feme rare places thrice ; then is it dried and. withe- red by the heare of the Sunnc, with often turning it ; and then is it called Fatnum.nefcio anafanore cut fat it. In Englifh,Hay: in French, Lehtrhe duprai\. The roots and feeds of Grade are of more vfe in phyficke than theherbe, and are accounted of all Writers moderately to open obftru6tions,and prouokevrine. Medow Grade. Small Medow-grafle. ^y The Names. Grade is called in Grceke , > ■■ in Latine,w», as it is thought, Igradiendofiiiodrcniculabit ^y The Nature. The L i b. i. Of the Hiftory of Plants. TheVertues. Thedeco£lion of Graflewith the roots ofParfleydrunke,helpeth the diflliriej and prouoketh A vrine. The roots of Grafle, according to Galen, doe glevv and confolidate together new and bleeding B wounds. The iuyce of GraJTe mixed with honey and the pouder of Sothernwood taken in drinke, killeth G wormes in children; but if thechilde be young, or tender of nature, it fhall fuifice to rnixe the iuyce ofGrafle,and the gall ofan OxeorBuli togethef,and therewith anoint the childes belly; and lay a clout wet therein vpon the naucll . Fernelius faith, that grade doth helpe the obftrudtions of the liner, reines andkidniesand the D inflammation of the raines called Nephritis. Hay fodden in water till it be tender, and applied hot to the chaps of beafts that be chap-fal- £ len, through long handing in pound or liable without meate, is a prefent remedie. Chap, z . Of %ed r D'warfe-(jrajJ'e. ^ The Defcription. i T"NWarfe Grafle is one oftheieaftof Grafles. The root cpnfifts of many little bulbes, I couered with a reddilh filme or skinne, with very many final hairy and white firings : the tuft or eare is of a reddilh colour, and not much differing froin the grafle called lfch#mn } though the eare befofter,broader,andmore beautifull. f t Grmen minimum rubrum, fine Xerampelintm. Red Dwarfe-grafle f % Cramen minimum album , White Dvvarfe-grafle. f s Thiskindeof Graffehath fmallhairy roots ; the leaues are frnall and fhort,as alfo the ftalke, which on the top thereof beares apanniclenotmuchvnlikethefmallmedovv Grafle, but lefle : the colour thereof is fometimes white, and otherwhiles reddilh ; whence fome haue giuen two figures, which I thinking needlefle, haue onely retained the later,and for the former giuen the figure of another Grafle, intended by our Author to be comprehended in this Chapter. ' ' ” A 2 5 Small Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lib. r. j Small hard Grade hath fmall roots compait rtf little firings or threds,from which come forth many fourerufhy leaues of the length of an inch and ahalfe : the tuft or eare is compaft of many pannicles Or very little earns, which to your feeling are very hard or harfli. This Graffe is vnplea(ant,and no wholefome food for cattell. 4 Rufh-grafle is a final 1 plant feme handfull high, hauing many fmall rufhy leaues tough and pliant, as are the common Rudies: whereupon do grow fmall fcaly or chaifie huskes , in ftead of floures, like thole of Rufhes, but fmaller. The root is threddy like the former. 4 There is a va- rietie of this to be found in bogs, with the feeds bigger, and the leaues and whole plant Idler. £ 3 Gramen minus duriufiulum. 4 G rumen jiincet/m. Small hard Grade. Rufh-grafle, or Toad-grafle. The Place . . The Dwarfe-graffe doth grow on heathy rough and dry barren grounds in mod places of Eng- land. £ That which I haue giuen you I haue not as yet obferued growing in any part of Eng- land. $ The white Dwarfe-graffe is not fo common as the former, yet doth it grow very plentifully a- mong the Hop gardens in Elfex and many other places. Small Hard-graffe growethin moift frefh marifhej,and fuch like places. Rufh-grafle groweth in fait marifhes neere vnto the lea, where the marilhes haue beene ouet- flowne with fait water, £ It alfo groweth in many wet woods, lanes, and fuch places, as in the lane going by Totenham Court towards Hampftead. The leffer varietie hereofgrowes on the bogges vponHampftead heath. £ The Time. Thefe kindes of Graffes do grow, floure,and flourifh when the common Medow grade doth.' The Names. It fufficeth what hath beene faid of the names in the defcription,as well in Englifh as Latine • onely that fome haue deemed White Dwarfe-grafie to be called Xerampelinum. Rufh-grafle hath been taken for Holofteum Matthioli. $ The Names in particular. 1 This I here giue you in the full place is i\\e.GramenminmumXermpdinum o^Lobclnt is the Gramen V v\. , V --V* \ • V \ ' \ ; \ > \ - \ . ' ■ V.\. ' • ' .V '' • v .V - " JLib. i. Of the Hiftory of Plants. j Cramcn oiMatthioltis, and Gramm bulbofum of Dalefchampius. Our Author did not vnderftand what Xerampelinus fignified, when as he faid the white Dwarfe-grade was fo termed for the wtird im- ports red, or murrey, fuch a colour as the withered leaues of Vines are of. 2. Tahern. calls this GramenpamicnUtum minus. 3 . Lobel calls this,Exile Gramm durius. 4. This by oT tmhtolits was called Holofiiitm : by Thahus, Gramm epigonatocaultn ; by Taiernamonttmus, Gra. Bufimium, that is,Toad-graffe. t The Nature and Venues. Thefe kindes of Grades doe agree as it is thought with the common Medow-gralfe , in nature and vertues, notwithftanding they hauc not beene vfed in phyficke as yet, that I can reade of. aim? 11 * firI * 6SU " ™ °”' ly 1 v,r “ CiC of tl,c rcMnd > ‘'‘“'‘'■"S » BmUm ; yet in my judgement ii w» the 6me wilh the tiiid. which is C/umn rr.vm *W«p, Chap.j. Of (forme - Qrmjfe, % The Defcriptiah. 1 Otne-grafle hath many graffie leaues relembling thole ofRie, or rather Otes, amon^d the which commethvp flender benty ftalkes, kneed or ioynted like thole of corne, whereupon groweth a faire tuft or pannicle not much vnlike to the feather-like tuft ofcommon Reed, but rounder compaft together like vnto Millet. The toot is threcfdv like thofe of Otes. 1 2 Reed-graflfe hath many thin graffie leaues like the former : the bufhy top, with his long fea- ther-hkepannides dorefemble the common Reed, which is lightly fhaken with the winde, bran- ched vpon a long flender reeden ftalke, kneed or ioynted like corne.Xhe root is fmall and fibrous. «[ The Place and time. Thefe kindes of Grades grow for the mod part neere hedges, & in fallow fields in mod placesj ,1 heir time of fpnnging, flouring, and fading may be referred to the common Medow-grade. A } n The 6 Of the BiLtorie of Plants. Lib. i. 3 he Names. I Thefirft is called in Englilh, Corne-graffe. Lobelias calls this,Segctum gramenpanniculajpe- ciejaUtiore: others termeit Gramen /f£«d/c,forthatitvfually groweth among corne ; the which I haue not as yet feene. The fecond is called in Englifh, Reed-graffe : of Lobelias in Latine, Gramen agrorum latiore,arun- dinacea, & comojapannictd.i, for that his tuft or pannicles do refemble the Reed : and Spica venti arro- rum^ byreafon of his feather-top, which is eafily fhaken with the wind. $ Some in Engli!h,much agreeable to the Latine name, call thefe, Windle-ftrawes. Now I take this laft to be the GralTe with which we in London do vfually adorne our chimneys in Sommer time .-and we commonly call the bundle of it handfomely made vp for our vie, by the name of Bents. «[ TheT empcr.uure and Venues . Thefe G ralTes are thought to agree with common Graile,as well in temperature as vermes , al- though not vfed in phy ficke. G H A P. 4.0 I Gramen Miliacetini. Millet Grafle. fVh'M. W/TV'- Of oSMillet (jrajje. t a Gramen majus aquaticum. Great Water-grade. *[[ The Defcription. j T 7T I llet GrafTe is but a Render Graffe, bearing a tuft or earelikevnto the common Me-' dow-gtaffe,but confifting of fmall feeds or chaffie heads like to eJMilittmfx Miller, whereof it tooke the name. The ftalke or leaues do refemble the Bent, wherewith countrey people do trimme their houfes. 2 The great Water-gralfe in root, leafe, tuft, and reeden ftalke doth very well refemble the GralTe calledin Latine, Gramen fulcatum, or Pid?OT»;and by our Englifh women, Lady- laces, be- caufe it is ftript or furrowed with white and greene llreakes like Hike laces , but yet differs from thar,that this Water graife doth get vnto it ielfe fome new roots from the middle of the ftalks and ioynts, which the other doth not. d This is a large Graffe, hailing ftalkes almoft as thicke as ones little finger, with the leaues anfwerable vnto them, and a little rougilh : the tuft is fomewhat like arced, butleffe,andwhitiih coloured. | f The Lib. i. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 1 % The Place j Nances, Nature , and Vert ties- The former grovves in medowes, and about hedges, and the later is to be found in moft fenny and watery places, and haue their vertues and natures common with the other GrafTes for any thing that wee can finde in writing. The reafon of their names may be gathered out of the defeription. •jf This which I giue you it etumptmiculatum of Taber- which h this, and framed his dcfCripcioh by loofcinj Chap. y. Of Darnell Cjrafe. TheDcfcription- I 'pvArnell Graffe,or Gramen Sorghirmm, ,as Lohelhixh very properly termed it,hath a brow- 1 J nifh ftalke thicke and knotty, fet with long fharpe leaues like vnto the common Dogs Grafle: at the top whereof groweth a tuft or care of a grayilhcolonr/omwhat like Sorgbim, whereof it tookehis name. I Gramen Sorghinum, Darnell Gralfe, i 2 G ramen harundinaccum pamicuhtum, Wilde Reed. 2 Wilde Reed, or Gramen hanmdinaceum pannicuhtm, called alfo Cahmo?ro(lii , is far btecrer than Couch graffe or Dogs gralfe, and in ftalkes and leaues more rough, rugged, and cutting .It is rhpH 0 K f °a C atte r’ t n° USh or be vel 7 hungry -, and deadly to Sheepe,becaufe that, as the Husbandman faith, it is a caufeofleanneffe in them,thtrlf,and confumption ; it cutteth their A t} tonguej 8 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Li B. I. £ 3 Gramen arandmacetm minus. The leffer Reed-Grafle. tongue, ftraitneth the gullet or throat,and draw- ethdovvne blond into the ftomacke or maw ■ whereof enfueth inflammation , and death for the mod part. And not onely this Calaworrojla is hurtfull, but alfo all other kindes of (hearing leaned reeds, flagges, fedge,or the like , which haue as it were edges ; and cut on both tides like kniuesas well mens nngers,as cattels mouthes. This herbe is in a meane between reed' & grade. The root is white, creeping downwards very deepe. The fpike or eare is likevnto the reed, being foft and cottony, fomewhat refembling. Pannicke. £ 3 This in roo.t,fl:alkes,ahd leaues is like totheiaftdeferibed, but that they are lefler: the top or head is a long (ingle fpike or eare, not feuered or parted into many eares like ihe top ofthe precedent, and by this and the magni- tude it may chiefely bediftinguifbed from it. This was in the- twelfth place in the fixteenth chapter, vnder the title of Gramm banmdmaceum minus : and the CttLmogroftis but now deferibed, was alfo there againe in the eleuenth place. £ The Place. The firft growes in fields and orchards g'lmofl euery where; the other grow in fenny ivatenfh places. «JJ The Names. 2 This in Lincolnelhire is called Sheere- gra(Te,or Henne: in orherparts of England,wild Reed : in Latine, Calafnogroflis out of tha Gteeke, oaweto- As for their natures and venues we doe not linde anjtgifeat'vfe of them worth thefettingdovvne. *' / ■f The figure that was in the fecond place was of tinmen mam ayuticum, being the fecond of th,e precedent Chapter. Thfi true figure of this was page ai.yodcf the title of Cjyamen bunaidtnacittm mam- The third bung the; e alio, as X haue touched in the defetipcion , Chap .6. Oj Feather-top, Feme , and JVood-grajJe. '>■ . '■ ■ ■ TlfeD eferiftion. £ l r ' | 'His might fitly haue beene put to thofe mentioned in the foregoing chapter,- but that our Author determined it for this, as mayappeareby the mention made of it in the names, as alfo by the.defcription hereof; framed from the figurewe here giue you. £ This Grafle is garnifhed with chaffie and downie tufts,fet vpon a long benty ftalke of two cubits high or fomewhat more, naked without any blades or leaues, for themoft part. His root is tough and hard. £ The top is commonly of a red or murrey colour, and the leaues fofc and downy. £ : £ 2 rhisjwhofefigurewasformerlybyour Author giuen for the laft deferibed, though! verie much different from ir, is a very pretty and elegant grafle : it in roots and leaues is not vnlike to the vfuall medow Grafle , the ftalke rifeth to the height of a foot, and at the top thereof it bea- reth a beautifull panuicle, (whence the French and Spanifh Nations cal! it Amourettes , that is,the Lonely Grafle.) This head confifts of many littleeares, fhaped much like thofe ofthe ordinarie Quaking Grafle, 'ongerand flatter, being compofed of more feales , fo that each of them fome- tvhat refetnbleS the leafeofa frrlall Feme, whence I haue called it Ferne-Grafle.Thcfe tops when they are ripe are white, and are gathered where they grow naturally tobeautifie garlands. £ 3 Wood-grafle hath many fmall and threddy roots, compaff together in manner of a tuft • from which fpring immediately out of the earth many grafly leaues, among thewhich are fundrie benty Lib. i* Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 9 | X Gramm lomtntofum arundinaccum. Feather-top, or Woolly Reed-graffe, 2 Gramta fanniculatum Ferne-graiTe. “ benty ftalkes, naked and without Ieaues or blades like the former, bearing at the top a foft fpikie tuft or earemuchlikevntoa Fox-taile, ofa brow-, niih colour. t 4 This in Ieaues, (talks, roots, manner and place of growing is like the laft defcribed : the onely difference betweene them is,That this hath much leffe, yet fharper or rougher eares or tufts. The figure and defcription of this was formerly giuen By our Author in the fixteenth chapter, and ninth place, vnder the tit'e of Grrnen ffluaticum minus. But becaufe the difference between the laft defcribed and this is fo final], we haue fpared the figure, to makeroome for others more different and note-worthy. U The Time ttndPlncc . I This kinde of Graifegrowes in fertil fields and paftures. a The fecond growcs in diuers places of Spaineand France. The other two grow in Woods, The Names. I Lob elms in Latine calls this Grmentomento fum & Acerofum. Some haue taken it for the fe- cond kiade of Calamo^rojlis but moft commonly it to Of the Biftorie of Plants. L I B. 1. jt is sailed Gramen plmnofum : and in Englilh, a Bent, or Feather-top GrafTe. 2 Gramm pamnculatum is called by l'ome Hcrarroflts in Greeke. Label calls this Gramen panni. ■culofim pbalaroides . And it is named in the Hijt. Lu^d. Gramen filicetimjeupolyanthos : that is, Feme, or many-floured GrafTe. $ 3 Gtamcn fjluatiaein, or as it pleafeth others, G rumen nemorofum , is called in our tongue, wood Graffe,orfh;Siaw Graffe. *- 14 Chap. 7, Of great Fox-taile fraffe: ThcDefcription . I (T 1 He great Fox-taile GrafTe hath many threddy foots like the common Medow graffe ; S and the ftalke rifeth immediatly from the root, in fafhion like vnto Barley, with two . or three leaues or blades like Otes •, but is nothing rough in handling , but Toft and downie, and fomewhat hoarie, bearing one eare or tuft on the top, and neuer more ; fafhtoned like a Fox-taile, whereofit tooke his name. At the approch of W inter it dieth, and recouereth it felfe the next yeareby falling of his feed. I Gramen AlopccuroidcsmajHs'. Great Fox-taile Graffe. "t i Gramen AhpecurQtdes minus. Small Fox-taile Graffe. a The leffer Fox-taile Gralfe hath a tuffe and hard root compaft of many fmall firings, yeel- ding a flravvie ftalke like the former, though fomvvhac lefTer,with the like top or creft,but ofa whi- tifti colour. 3 Great baftard Fox-taile Graffe hath a ftrawie ftalke or ftemme , which rifeth to the height ofa cubit and an haffe, hauing a finall root conftfting of many fibres . H is leafe is fmall and graft fie, and hath on his top one tuft or fpike,or eare of a hard chaffie fubftance,fome three inches long, compofedoflongKh feeds, each hauing a little beard orawne. 4 Small baftard Fox-taile Graffe doth refemble the former, fauing that this kinde doth not fend Lib. i. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. a together. t 3 Gram tn Aloj>ecurimtm majus. Great baftard Fox-taile Grade. 4 Gramen Alopecurimim minus. Small baftard Fox,rtaik Grafie, tw tLi_. If The Place and Time, theater Graf ^ S ^ oegrov ' r hithemoiftfurrowes offertile fields, towards «jf The Names . $ Thefirft by Lobe! and tabern. is called Gramen phalaroides. The other LobelcMeth . r, Alopecumdes. 3. minus, ^.mnus durum. e r lom cAUetti 2 Gramen S- VJT which r fitly be^efeTreTtoVh^alffis” ^2"“ pl “ tiful |y in man 7 P Iace S about London, the which may fometwofoot leaues are long and large likevnto the common reed.-the ftalke doth grow to' the - . hei S ht °f a “bit in feme places , vpon which groweth little fcaly knobs or cares fpike Mrion fomewhat like vnto Cats-taile, or Reed-mace, very chaffie, rough, and rugged ’ a Rufhy Water-grafTe hath his roots like the former, with many fibres or firings hang,™ ar them ; and creepeth along vpon the vppermoft face of the earth, or rather mud, wherein if o&J eth, bearing at each loynt one flender benty ftalke, fet with a few fmallgraifie nlades or leaues bringing forth at the top in little hoods, ftnall feather-like tuftsoreares. 5 The Place, Time ^and Names. 3S *• haU f infinimed ’ in m y fie and mi ' dd y grounds, in the fame feafon that others do. And concerning their names there hath been faid enough in their titles. 'HAP. lO. Of Water- CjrajTe. 1 Gramen aqnaticum , Water-grafTe. 2 G rumen aquatimm (picatum. Spiked Water-grafTe. J n^Oj Co ft/OLs . 5f The Description. ^ 1 \ /\ L Ater-grafle, or as we terme it, Water Burre-graffe, hath a few long narrow V V. lender andioynted leaues : among which rifethvp a ftalke of two foot high, -run bearing vpon his fmall and tender branches certaine little rough knobsf or . n * ^b‘ ,r P e pointed feeds made vp into cornered heads : his root is fmall and threddy. and ' hC P' ant not wed ex P re ft/°t it fhould haue had the leaues made narrower, in r ntS ex P^ e , ln them, like as you may fee in the Gramen jttnccitm (jluaticum, which is the ninth the/V^^i^P^’fotdiatand this arefoiike, that I know no other difference benveene Th > n ’ ' Ut * r 1 u iat “ * eaues longer and narrower than that, and the heads finaller and whiter. wimm * S a rea ona '- dc § ood figure of this in the Hijlorta Lugd.p.ioo l , vndei the name of o-irundo ? Spiked ^y ThcDcfiription. ^ | X rJ t- Xv' lj 1/ ! i p I i v rr • F Lore-graffe hath a long and round root fomewhat thicke, likevnto Dogs-gtafie, et 1 " on cuen ioynts with fmall firings or thrcds ■ from the which rife vp long and croo- ked ftalkes^roffing, winding, and folding one within another with many naggte leaues, which horfes eate greedily of. At the top of thefe ftalks, and fomewhat lower, there come Forth very many little eares of awhitifh colour, compoled of two ranks of little chaffie feeds let alternately, each of thefe fmall eares being almoft an inch in length. 2 Spike Flote-Grafle, or fpiked Flote-graffe bearethat the top of each {lender creeping ftalke one fpiked eare and no more, and the other many, which maketh a difference betwixt them ; otherwife they are one like the other. His root is compadt, tufted, and made of many thrummte threds. ^y The Place. The firft of thefe growes cilery where in waters. The fecond is harder to be found. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lib. i. 15 7 he Names. The firftis called Gramen fluviatile, and alfo Gramen aqieu innatxns : in EngliftijFlote-grafle.Trv/. gtu calls it firamen n at urn , Ducks-grafle. The fecond is called Gramen fluviatile Jpicatum, and fluviatile album by 7 abernamontams ikevvi !e in Englifh it is called Flote-graffe, and Floter-graffe,becaufe they fvyimme and flote in the water. Chap. u. Of Jfneed'CjraJfe. •J The Defcription. j T/^ Need-grade hath ftraight and vpright ftrawie ftalkes, with ioynts like to the draw of corne, and beareth fniall gralfie leaues or blades fpiked at the top like vnto Pannick, with a rough care ofa darke browne colour. His roots are hairy and threddy,and the ioynts of the ftraw are very large and confpicuous. I Gramcngeniculaumt . Kneed-grafle. 2 Gramtngeniadatum aquaticum'. Water Kneed-graife. '2 W ater Kneed-graffe hath many long and {lender flemmes, ioynted with many knobby and gouty knees likevnto Reed,fet with broad flaggy leaues fomewhat fliarpe pointed ; bearing at the top a tuft or pannicle diuided into fundry fmall branches, of a duskifh colour. His root is , thred- die like the other. ff 7 he Place ,7 ime, and Names . Thefe Graffes do grow in fertile moift medowes ^ not differing in time from others. Andthey are called Geniculata, becaufc they haue large ioynts like as it were knees. We haue nothing deliuered vs of their nature and properties. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Li B. 1. Of bearded C P article Cjrafje. The Description. B Enrded Panicke grafTe hack-broad and large leaues like barly, formvhat hoa- rie,orofan oner-worne rufl'et colour. The llalkes hane two or three iovnts at the inolf, and many cares on the top, without order ; vpon fome ftalkes more eares ■, on others fewer /much like vn to the eare of w ilde Panicke, bur that this hath many beards or awnes, which the other wants. Small Papnicke Graffe, as Lobelitu vvri- teth, in roots, leaues, ioynts, and ftalkes is like the former, failing that the eare is much lefle, conliftingof fewer roues of feed, containedin fmall chaffie blackiflihuskes.T his,as the 'former, hath many eares vpon one ftalke. £ 5 This final! fanmeke Grafle from a threddy root fendeth forth many little ftilkes, whereof fome are one handfull, other-fome little more than an inch high •, and each of thefe ftalkes on the top fuftaines one fingle eare, in fhape very likevntothe eareofvvilde Pannicke, but about halfe the length. The ftalkes of this are com- monly crooked, and fet with graflie leaues like to thereftofthiskinde. The figure hereof was vn- fitly placed by our Author in the fixteenth place in the eighth chapter, vnder the title otGrmen Cj- feroidcsjjncatum. ' r J L i b. i. Of theHiftory of Plants; , 7 The fecond groweth in (Tallow vvaterie plafhes ofpaftures, and at the fame time with others % I haue not as yet obferued any of thefe three growing wilde. £ t 3 G rumen Pjnnici Single eared Pannicke Grade. "L'T o/i i The Names and Vertices. They are Called Pamcke Grades becaufe they are like the Italian corne called Panicke Their nature and verities are not knoyvne, * Chap. 14. Of HcdgC'bog (fraffe. i I Gnntenpulujlre Echinatum. Hedge-hog Grade. c « oJJ tv. 2 GramenexileHirfutnm, Hairy-grade. i8 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 1 1 B. 1. ^ 3 GramenCapitulisglolofts. Round headed Siluer-grafle. The Dc fcription . i T ~T Edge-hog GrafTe hath Jong J[ _J_ ftiife flaggy leaues with di- ?*• uers ftalkes proceeding from a thicke fpreading root ; and at the "top of euery ftalke growe certaine round and pric- king knobs fafhioned like an hedge-hog. t 2 The fecond is rough and hairie : his roots do fpred and creep vnder the mud andmyreas Cypcrus doth; and at the top oftheflalkes are certaine round foft heads, their colour being iirowne, intermixed with yellow, fo rhat they looke prettily when as they are in their prime. $ 3 This GrafTe ( whole figure was formerly in the firft place in this Chapter) hath a fmall and fibroustoot, from which rife leaues like thofe of Wheat, but with , fomelong white hairsvpon them like thofe of the laft defcribed:at the tops of the ftalks (which are fome foot or better high ) there grow two or three round heads confining of foftand white dovvnie threds. Thefe heads are laid to thine in the night, and therefore they in Italy call it ( according to Cefalpi- nus) Luc tola, quia noclulucet'. 4 To this I may adde'anothc-r growing alfo in Italy, and firft defcribed by F alius Columna. It hath fmall . creeping ioynted foots, out of which come fmall fibres, and leaues little and very narrow at the firft, but thofe that arevpon the ftalkes areas longagaine, incompaffing the ftalks, as in Wheat, Dogs-grafTe, and the like. Thefe leaues are crefted all along, and a little forked at the end : the ftraw or ftalke is very flender, at the top whereof growes a fharpe prickly round head, much after the manner of the laft defcribed : each of the feed-veffels whereof this head confifts ends in a prickly ftalke hauing flue or feuen points, whereof thevppermoft that is in the middle is the longed. The feed that is con- tained in thefe prickly vefTels is little and tranfparent,likein colour to that of Cow-wheat. The floures (as in others of this kinde) hang trembling vpon yellow ifh fmall threds. $ % The Place and Time. ft i 2 They grow in watery medows and fields, as you may fee in Saint Georges fields and fuch like places. r 3 4 Both thefe grow indiuers mountainous places of Italy ; the later whereof noures in May. «[ 7 he Names. The firft is called Hedge-hog Grade, and in Latiae,Gramen Echinatumjoy reafon of thofe pric- kleswhicharelikevntoahedge-hog. . The fecond hairy GrafTe is called Gramen exile hirfutum Cyperoides, becaufeit is fmall ana little, and rough or hairy like a Goat : and Cypcroides, becaufe his roots do fpring and creepe like the (j- ^ ^ 3 This by Awuillara is thought mbcComlretum Pliny -ps is Gramducidum obT abernamon. tanus Gramen hirfti:umcapilu!oglolofi,obBanhine,Pin.pag.y. 4 ’ F alius Columna calls this, Gramen montamim Echinatum triluloides capitatum . and Ban nine na- ’meth it, Gramen (pica jubrotundaechinata. Wee may call it in Englifh , Round headed Caltrope Graffe. TheVertucs. 3 Theheade of this (which I haue thought good tocall Siluer-grafle) is verygoodtobe ap- plied to greene wounds, and etfeftuall to flay bleeding,C.e/i^\ £ t It is cuident bv the name and de{cription,that oar Author meant this which we here glue you in the firft place ; yet his figure was of another Graffe fomwhac like thclccondjwhich figure and defcription you may findchcrc cxprcll in the third place- Cllftp Chap. 15. Of Hairy J'food'fjrafe* The Defcriftion. j TJ Airy Wood-grafle hath broad rough ieaucs fomewhat like the precedent, but much O longer, and they proceed from a threddy root, which is very thicke,and ful of firings as the common Grafle, with fmall ftalkes riling vp from the fame roots • but the top’ of thefe ftalkes is diuided into a number of little branches, and on the end of euery one of them ftandeth a little floure or huske like the top of Allium Vrfimm, or common Ramfons, wherein the ieect is contained when the floure is fallen. 2 Cyperus Wood-grade hath many fheary graffie Ieaues , proceeding from a root made of many hairy ftrings or threds : among which there rifeth vp fundry ftraight and vpright ftalkes on whofe tops are certaine fcaly and chaffie huskes, or rather fpikie blackifn cares, not much vnlike the catkins or tags which grow on Nut-trees, or Aller trees. T he P Lee, Time, ttnd Thames. Thefe two grow in woods or fhadow\e places, and may in Englilh be called Wood-grades, Their time is common with the reft. ° T 'heir Nature and Venues . There is nothing to be faid of their nature and vertues, being asvnknowne as mod of the for- B % Chaig 20 Of the Hiftorie of Plants: LlB.l Chap, i 6 : Of Sea Spike-Cjrajje: •jj The Deftriftion. t i ^ Ea Spike-grafle hath many fmall hollow round leaues about fix inches long, riling fromabufhy threddy white fibrous root, which are very foft andfmooth in hand- ling. Among thefe leaues there doe fpring vp many fmall rufhy ftalkes ; alopgft which are at the firft diners fmall flouring round buttons , the fidesvvhereof falling away,the mid- dlepartgrowes intoalongifh feed-velfell Handing vpright. f i Salt-marfh Spike-graflfe hath a woody tough thicke root with fome fmall hairy threds faftned thereunto ; out of which arife long and thicke leaues very like thofe of that Sea-gralfe we vulgarly call Thrift. And amonglk thefe leaues grow vp {lender naked rufhy ftalkes which haue on one fide fmall knobs or buttons ofagreenilh colour hanging on them. 3 The third hath many rufhy leaues tough and hard, of a brovvne colour, well refembling Ru-' flies : his root is compaft of many fmall tough and long firings. His ftalke is bare and naked of leaues vnto tile top, on which it hath many fmall pretty chaffie buttons or heads. 4. The fourth is like the third, feuing that it is larger ; the ftalke alfo is thicker and taller than that of the former, bearing at the top fitch huskes as are in Rufhes. 5 Great Cypreffe Gralfe hath diners long three-fquare ftalkes proceeding from a root com- paft of many long and tough firings or threds. The leaues are long and broad, like vnto the fedge called Carex. The fpike or eare of it is like the head of Plantaine,and very prickly, and commonly ofa yellowifh greene colour. 6 Small Cypreffe Grafle is like vnto the other in rooturnd leaues , failing that it is finallerf H is ftalke is fmooth and plaine, bearing at the top certaine tufts or pannicles, like to the laft de- feribed in roughnefle and colour. 7 The Lib. r, Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 1 1 3 Grnmcn \tmctum mxrimtm. Sea RulTi-giSfle. :■ • Cri’h ktA/S t&A ]) m*- 1 v 4 Gramenjiinceum marttimum . 5 GramnptiliiftrvCyperoidcs'. , CreateypreflcGraffe^. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. . •'S» ' -*■,'*«* j* Lib. i. Pi 7 The firft of thefe two kindes-hath many crooked and crambling roots of avvoody fub- fiance, very like vnto the right Cyperus, diffe- ring from itonely in fmel), becaufethe right Cyperus roots haue a fragrant fmell,and thefe none at all. His leaues are long and broad, rough, fharp or cutting at the edges like fedge. H is ftalke is long, big, and three fquarejike to Cyperus, and on his top a chaffievmbelor tuft like vnto the true Cyperus. $ 8 The fecond kinde hath many broad leaues like vnto thofe of Gillouers, but of a frefhergreene: amongft the which rifethvp a flrort ftalke feme handful or two high, bearing at the top three or foure fhort eares of ared- difh murrey colour, and thefe eares grow com- monly together at the top of the ftalk, and not one vnder another. There is alfo another lef- fer fort hereof , with leaues and roots like the former, but the ftalke is commonly fhorter,and it hath but one (ingle eare at the top thereof. You haue the figures of both thefe expreft in thefame table or piece. This kinde of Gralfe is the C ramen Jpicatum foliis Vetonicx of I.obel. if 9 This hath long tough and hairy firings growing deepe in the earth like a turfe , wbfeh make the root •, from which rife many crooked tough and ruftiy ftalks, hauing toward the top fcaly andchaffieknobs orbuttons. ^ This growes Lib. 2. Of the Hiifory of Plants. 23 growes forne halfe yard high, with round brownifh heads, and the leaues are ioyntedasyou fee themexpreffedinthefigureweheregiueyou. | 1 IT The Place , Time, Names,Nature, and Vertues. All theGraffes which vve haue deferibed in this chapter doe grow in marifh and watery places neere to the fea, or other fenny grounds, or by muddy and my rie ditches, at the lame time that the others do grow and flourilTi. Their names are eafily gathered of the places they grow in orbv their Defections, and are ofnovertue nor propertie in medicine, or any other neceffaricVe as yetknowne. T Formerly in the eighth place (but very vnfitly) was the figure of Grimm reRorcd to his due place, being the fourth in the fixth chapter . 0 ThctwoRce Chapter. pmiajffttie fricifmp . being the third in the thirteenth chapter. The ninth alfo is d-grafiesthac were in the clcucnth and twelfth places are alfo before in the fifth C h a x>. 17. Of Qoucb'CjrajJe, or Vogs-grafe . The Defcription. •t i r THe common or beft knowne Dogs-grafle, or Couch-grafle hath long leaues of a J. whitifh greene colour : the ftalke is a cubit and a halfe high, with ioynts or knees lineffe The Dlnnlrmft^i T’ bl,t , th ® fe '?y nts are couered with a little Ihort downorwool- it creenedi in Ae^ounH^ >v, lke 1 j® bu • (J 1131 er and more chaffic, and ofagrayilh colour : hauini a pleafmt IWer la her f “ d th ! ther J vvlth lon S vvhlte roots > 10 ynted at certaine diftances, much as where ir hTn 3nd , arC pktted or vvra PP cd one within another very intricately, info- b c deftroved e ach n? m g3rdenS amon § ft pot-berbes,great labour muft be taken before it can dc del troy ed, each piece berng apt to grow, and eucry way to dilate ir felfe. 2 4 f t Knotty Of the Hiltorie of Plants. A Knotty Dogs graffe is likevnto the former in ftalke and]eafe,but that they are of a dee- per colour ■ alfo the fpike or eare is greener, and about fome two handfulls long, much in fhape refemblingan Oate,yetfarfmaller,and is much more dtfperfed than the figure prefc-nts to you. The roots of this are fomevvhat knotty and tuberous, but that is chiefely about the Spring of the yeare, for afterwards they become lefte and leffevntill the end of Summer. Andthefe bulbes do grow confufedly together, not retaining auy certaine fhape or number. 5| The P lace. 1 The firft grovves in gardens and arable lands, as an infirmitie or plague ofthe fields, nothing pleafing to Husbandmen; foraftcr that the field is plowed , they are conftrained to gather the roots togetherrvith harrowes and rakes ; and being Co gathered and laid vpon heapes, theyfet them on fire left they fliould grow againe. 2 The fecond grovves in plowed fields and fuch like places, but not euery whereas the other. 1 haue found ofthefe in great plenty, both growing, and plucked vp with harrowes, as before is re- hearfed, in the fields next to S .luma wall as ye go to Chelfey,and in the fields as ve go from the Tower-hill ofLondon toRadcliffe. 5J The Time. Thefe Graffcs feldome come to fhew their eare before Inly. c The Names. It is called Gramcn Caninam, or Sangttinale, and VnioU. The Countreymen of Brabant name it }2>ccn : others, TLcBt grade J of the Grecians, .• ofthe Latines,by the common nam e fir amen. It is of fome named «W> in Englift,Couch-grafte,Quitch-Graffe,and Dogs-graffe. Gramcn Caninum bnlhcfiim, or nodofum, is called in Englifh, Knobby,or Knotty Couch-gralfe. 51 TheTiature. The nature oi Couch-grafle,elpecially the roots, agreeth with the nature of common Graffe: although that Couch-grade be an vnwelcome gueft to fields and gardens, yet his phyfickevertties do recompence thofe hurts ; for it openeth the Hoppings ofthe liuerand reines, without any ma- nifeft heate. 1 he learned Phyfitions ofthe Colledgeand Societie ofLondon do hold this bulbous Couch graffe in temperature agreeing with the common Couch-gralfe, but invertues more effe&uall. 5[ The Vert ties. Couch-graffe healeth greene wounds. The decoction ofthe root is good for the kidneys and bladder : it prouoketh vrine gently, and driueth forth grauell. D/ofcorides and Galen do agree, that the root damped and laid vpon greene wounds doth heale them fpeedily. Thedeco£lion thereof ferueth againft griping paines of the belly, and difficultie of making water. M arcellus an old Author maketh mention in his 26 chapter, That feuen and twenty knots of the herbe which is called Gramcn, or Grafts, boiled in wine till halfe be confirmed, preffed forth, drai- ned, and giuen todrinke to him that is troubled with the ftrangurie,hath fo great vertue, that after the Patient hath once begun to make watenvithout paine, it may not be giuen any more. But it mud begiuenwith wareronely to fuch as haueaFeuer. Bywhich words it appeareth, That this knotted Grade was taken for that which is properly called Grame », or Agrofiis ; and hath bin alfo commended againft the done and difeafes ofthe bladder. The later Phyfitions doe vie the roots fometimes of this, and fbmetimes ofthe other indiffe- rently. C3 h a p. i 8. Of Sea ‘DogS'CjraJJc. 51 7 he Defeription. 1 He Sea Dogs-graffe is very likevnto the other before named : his leaues are long and | (lender, and very thicke compadl together, fet vpon a knotty ftalke fpikedat thetop like the former. Alfo the root crarableth and creepeth hither and thither vnder the earth, occupying much ground by reafon ofhts great encreafe of roots. t This GraffefwhcreofZaWgaue the firft figure and defeription, vnder the name of Gramcn gcnicnlatum Caninum mar mum) I coniefture to be that which growes plentifully vpon the banks in the fait marifhes by Dartford in Kent, and mod other fait places by the fea ; as alfo in many banks and orchards about London, and mod other places farre from the lea. Now Lohels figure being not good, and the defeription not extant in any of his Latine Workes • I cannot certainly affirme any thing. T et I thinke it fit to giue you an exaift defeription of that I do probably iudge to b and Lib. i. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. and not onely fo, but I iudge it to be the fame Grafle that Bauhrne in his Prodrome hath fct forth f*g- i7.vnder thenaracof Gramen Ltifolium /pica triticet competed. This is a very tail Graffe • font fends forth a ftalke commonly in good ground to the height of a yard and an halfe : the leaues are large, ftilfe,and_greene,almoft as big as thofe of white Wheat-, the which it alfovery much re- femblesm the eare, which vfually is fomehandfull and an halfe long, little fpokes ftandino- by courfe with their flat fides towards the ft raw. About the beginning of Iuly it is hung with little i Gramen Cminum mtirimm , SeaDogs-gralfe. 2 Gr amen Cminum marinutn alterum. Sea Couch-grafle. whitilh yellow floures fuch as Wheat hath. The roots of this are like thofe of the firft deferibed. fins lometimes varies in the largenefle of the whole Plant, as alfo in the greatneffe, fparfednefle and compadtnefle of the eare. J 51 3 2 The fecond Sea Dogs-grafle is according vnto Lobel fomewhat like the former : his roots arc m ® fpreading and longer, difpcrfmg themfelues vnder the ground farther than any of the re . The leaues are like the former, thicke bullied at the top, with a chiller or bufh of (fort thick eaues one folded within another. The ftalke and tuft is ofa middle kinde,betweene Itibamon and the common Couch-grafle. J U The place. Time, Names, Nature, andVertnes . They grow on the fea fhore at the fame time that others do ; and are fo called becaufe they grow neere the fea fide. Their nature and vertues are to be referred vnto Dogs-graffe, a o C h a p. i p. Of vprigbt 'Dogs-fjrafe. The Vefcription. 1 \ 7 'P r ;g ht Dogs-grafle, or Quich-grafle, by reafon of his long fpreading ioynted roots is V like vnto the former, and hath at euery knot in the root funary firings of hairie fub- „ - r , , ftan «:,fhooting into the ground at euery ioint as it fpreadeth : the ftalks ly creeping rue but a little from the ground, and at their tops haue fpokie panniclcs farre final ler than the commoi t / 2 6 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lib. 2. common Couch-graffe. By which notes of difference it may eafily bedifcerned from the other kindes of Dogs-graffe. 1 Gramtn Canimrn [upimtm. Vpright Dogs-graffe. 2 Ladies Laceshath Ieaties likevnto Millet in fafhion, rough and lharpepointed Iiketo the Reed, with many white vaines or ribs, and filuer ftreakes running along through the midft of the leaueSjfafhioning the fame like to laces or ribbons wouen of white and greene filke, very beauti- f,: u i- j 1 2 Gramen Jr rial urn. Lady-lace Graffe. full and faire to behold : it groweth vnto the height of wilde Pannicke, with afpokytop notverymuch vnlike,but more compaiSf, foft, white,and chaffie. The root is fmall and hai- rie, and white of colour like vnto the Medotv- graffe. f The Place. 1 Vpright Dogs-graffe groweth in dun- ged grounds and fertile fields. 2 Lady-laces grovves naturally in woody andhillyplaccsofSauoy, and anfwers com- mon Graffe in his time of feeding. It is kept and maintained in our Englifh gardens, rather for pleafure than vertue, which isyetknowne. The Names. Lobelias calleth the later, Gramen fulcatnm , and Jlriatum, or Gramenpiclum : in Englifh,the Furrowed Graffe, the white Chamelion Grade, or ftreaked Grade - and vfually of our Englifh women it is called Lady-laces , or painted Graffe : in French, Lsiigitilkttcs d’armes. «r The Nature and 'Vertucs. The vertues are referred vnto the Dogs- grafles. Chap. L V v V‘ v \ N ' \ » ^ ' ' Lib. i Of the Hiftorie of Plants. z 7 Chap. zo. Of Deyp~(fraffe* TheB efcripion. 1 T''\Evv-grafl!e hath very hard and tough roots long and fibrous : the ftalkes are meat of l J three or fbure cubits high, very rough and hairy, ioynted and kneed like the common Reed : the leaues are large and broad like vnto corne. The tuft or care is diuided into fundry branches, chaffie, and of a purple colour . wherein is contained fec-d like Milium wherewith the Germanes do make pottage and fuch like meat, as we in England do with Otemeale • and it is fent into Middleborough and other townes of the Low-countries, in great quantitie for riu fame purpofe,as Lolcl hath told me. 2 The fecondkinde of Dew-gralfe or Ifchtmonh fomewhat like the firft kinde of Medow- grafle,refemb!ing one the other m leaues and ftalkes, fauing that the creft or tuft is fpred or ftret- ched out abroad like a Cocks foot fet downe vpon the ground, 'whereupon it was called Galls eras by Afuldas Thefe tops are cleere and vpnght, of a glillering purple colour, or rather violet • and it is dmided into foure or hue branches like the former Dew-graffe. The rootconhfts of a meat many fmall fibres. & t 3 To thefe may fitly be added another GraiTe, which Clufha hath iudmd to be the medi email Gralfe of the Antients : and Lobcl referres it to the Dogs gralTes,becaufe it hath a root iom- ted thicke, and creeping like as the Dogs-grafles : the ftalkes are home foot high, round and ofa purplifh colour : but the top is very like to that of the laft defcribed, ofa darke purple colour The Place dndfime. 1 The firft groweth naturally in Germanic, Bohemia, Italy, and in the territories of Goritia and Carinthia 5 as c JMatthioltis reporteth. 2 The fecond groweth neere vnto rough bankes of fields, as I hauefeene in the hilly ba'nkes neere Greenhithe in Kent. It d ifrereth not in time from thofe we haue fpoken of, I 3 Thw 2 8 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lib. i. 4: 3 This grovveth plentifully in moil parts of Spaineand France ; and it is probable, that this was the grafle that our Author found neere Greenhithe in Kent. T he Names. 1 The Germanes call it ^httciSau: That is tofay,CWr ros ; vr hereupon it was called Gm- men Manna : it feemeth to be Milyfilttefirts Jptt- rium quoddam genres, a certaine wilde or baftard kinde of Millet. Leomcenus and Kucllins nama it Cdpriola, and S anguinaria : foine would haue it to be Gramm acula'v.m Plirij, but becaufe the defcription thereof is very fl.ort, nothing can be certainly affirmed. But they are far decei- ued who tbinhe it te < orcxopus, as fome very learned liaue fet dovvne : but euery one in thefe dayes is able to controM that errour. Lolclcal- leth it Gramm e Mann te ejculentnmt , for that in Germany and otl t r parts, as l obtmiaand Ita- ly, they vie to eate the fame as a kind ofbread- corne, and a'.fo make | ortage therewith as wee do with Otemeale ; for the which purpofeitis there fowenas Corne, and lent into the Low- counrrics,and there fold by the pound. In En- glifh it may be called Manna-grafle, orDevv- gralfe ■, but more fitly Rice-gndfe. 2 This is iudgcd tobe Ijchamon of Pliny • and Gatli crus of pula us . The Nature': Thefe Grades are aftringent and drying, in tafte fvvect like the common Dogs-grafle. The Venues. Apideius faith, ifaplaiftcr be made of this Graffe, Hogsgreafe, and leuen of hottfehold bread, it cureth the bitir g of mad dogs. B As in the defcription I told you, this plant in his tuft or eare is diuided into fundry branches, fome tuft inro three, fome foure, and fome fiue clouen parts like Cocks toes. Apulcites reporteth. If ye take that eare which is diuided onely into three parts, it wonderfully he’perh the running or dropping of the eyes, and thofe that begin to be bleare eyed, being bout d about the necke,and fo vfed for certaine dayes together, it turneth the humors away from theweake part. C 4 ^ Manna Graffe, or Rice-grafie is faid to be very good to be put into pultc Ifcs , to difeufle hard fwellings in womens brefts. D The Cocks-foot Dogs-graffe is very good in all cafes, as the other Dogs-grafles are, and equally as effeftuall. 4 4 C h a p. 21. Of diners Cyperus (jrcfjes. ^1 The Defcription. t 1 ’ j He firft of thefe hath reafbnable ftrong fibrous roots, from whence rile ftiffelong | and narrow leaues like thofe of other Cyperus Grades : the ftalkes alfo (as it is proper to all the plants of this kindred) are three fquare, bearing at their tops fome three brovvnifh cares foft and chaffie like the reft of this kinde, and Handing vpright, and not hanging downe as fome others do. 2 This hath pretty thicke creeping blacke roots, from whence arife three fquare ftalkes fet with leaues Ihorter , yet broader than thofe of the laft deferibed ; and from the top of the ftalke come forth three or foure foot-ftalkes, whereupon doe hang longifh rough fcaly and yellowtlTr heads. g The roots of this are blacke, without ftnell , and fomewhat larger than thofe of the laft deferibed 4 3 . Gramen daliiloidts radict re- pent e. Cocks-foot Grafle with creeping Ll B. i. Of the Hiftory of Plants. z? f t GramenCypenidcs angufii folium majus. Great narrow leaued Cyperus Grafle. t 2 Pfetidocyperits. lard Cyj Baftard Cyperus. Uo^jxiuk- - c^i h-ej-LOOi . delcribed : the 3 fqitare ftalke alfo is Tome two cubits high , bearing at the top di- fperfedly round fcaly heads fomevvhat like thofeofthewoodRulh-grafle: the leaues are fomewhat fharpe and triangular like thofe of the other Cyperus. 4 This Cypertjs hath creeping blacke roots, hauing here and there knotty tube- rous heads for the moft part , putting vp leaues like thofe of the laft defcribed, as alfo a ftalke bearing at the top long chaffy eares like to fome others of this kinde. 5 This Cyperus Gralfe hath pretty thicke fibrous and blacke roots, from whence arifeth a ftalke fome cubit high, pretty ftiife, triangular, ioynted,fet at each ioynt with a large greene leafevvhich at the bottome incompafles the ftalke, which is omitted in the figure. At the top of the ftalke, as in the true Cyperus, come forth two or three pretty large leaues, betweene which rife vp many fmall foot-ftalkes very much branched, and bearing many blacke feeds fomevvhat like Millet or rufhcs. * C h a p. zi. Of diners other (jrajfes. The Defcription. t I 'T'His Oteot Hauer-grafTe, defcribed by C/«/?«.T;hath fmall creeping roots: the ftalks i- are fome cubit high, (lender ioynted,and fetwith fhort narrow leaues : at the topof the ftalkegrowes the eare, long, (lender, and bending, compofed of downy huskes containing a feed like to a naked Ote. The feed is ripe in Inly. It growes in the mountainous and fhadowie woods of Hungary, Auftria,and Bohemia. Our Author miftakinghimfelfe in the figure, and as much in the title, gaue the figure of this for Burnt Barley, with this title, Hordeum Dipchon. See the former edition, 66 . 2 I cannot omit this elegant Gralfe, found by M.Goodyer-vponthewalsof the antientcity of Winchefter, and not defcribed as yet by any that I know ot. It hatha fibrous and ftringy root, from which arife leaues long and narrow, which growing old become round as thofe of Spartum or Mat- Of the Hiftory of Plants. Li b. w places, and are tobe found with their heads about the middle of Sommer, and fome of them fooner. - — - f The Names. Thefirft of theleby Label is called Gramenpduftre majus. 2 This by Gefner, Label, and Dodtmxus is called Pfeudocyperus'. 3 Lob el names this, Cyperus longus inodor us fyltie/lris, 4 He al io calls this, Cyperus aquations feptentrionalis. 5 This is the Cyperus grominea miliacea of Lobcluid Pena : the Iuncns lotus in the Hifior. Lund, jag. 9 8 8 . and the Pfeudocyperus poly carpos of Thalius. $ 4 Cypcrus rotundas inodorus fyluejlris. Round Ballard Cyperus. t j Cyperus gramincus milt actus a Millet Cyperus gralfe. The Temper and fertile'. Noneofthefearemadevfeofin phyficke; but by their tafte they feeme to be of a cold and a-' ftringent qualitie. t /'Vv-O J 4 <2 AAyVV-v — 3 Next to this I thinke fit to place the Grmcn Crijlatum, or Cocks-combe grafie of This Graffe hath for the root many white fibrous threds thicke packt together ; the leaues are but J ° fhort, about the bignefle of the ordinarie medow graffe •, the ftalks are fome cubit and halfc- high, with fome two or three knots a piece : the leaues of the ftalke are fome foure or fine inches long : theeare is fmall,longifh,of a pale greene colour, fomewhat bending, fo that in fomefort it re- sembles the combe ofa Cocke, or the leed-veflfell of that plant which is called Caput Gallinaceum „ This is ordinarily tobe found in molt medowcs about Mid-fummer. 4 There is alfo commonly about the lametime in our medowcs tobe founda Graffe gfow- -j ing to fome cubit high, hauing a fmall ftalke, at the top whereof there growes an eare fome inch and an halfe, or two inches long, confifting as it were of two rankes of come : it very much refem- bles Rie both in fhape and colour, and in his fhort bearded awnes, wherefore it may very fitly be termed Gramm fecaliuum,oxRic-gta&. Yetis it not Gramen fpica [ecalina which Battbine deforibes in the fifty feuenth place, in his Prodromus,pitg. 1 8. for that is much taller, and the eare much lar- ger than this of my defcription. 5 In diners places about hedges, in Iuly and Auguft is to be founda fine large tall Grafie, which Bttuhine (who alfo firft defcribed it) hath vnder the name of Gramenjj/ica Bn\xmiijus. This hath ftalkesas tall as Rie, but not fo thicke, neither are the leaues fo broad : at the topofthe ftalk grow diners pretty little flattifh earns confifting of two rankes of chaffie huskes or feed-vefiells, which bane yellovvifh little floures like to thofe of Wheat. 6 There is alfo commonly tobe found about Mayor the beginning oflune, in medowcs and fuch \* : l3 cUpC'U.iA-d &~£0i*4 — fuchplaces thatgrade which inth tHifioria Lugdm. is fet forth vnder the name of Gramen Lwa turn Dalefchamfij .-the ftalkes and leaues are much like the common medow grade butthattheJ are more whitifh and hairy . thehead orpaniclcts alfo foft and woolly, and it is commonly ofa gray,orelfe a murrie colour. ' 7 There is to be found in Tome bogs in Summer time about the end ofTuly a pretty rulhie graffe fomeioote or better m height, the ftalke is hard and rulhie, hailing lome three ioints at each whereof thcrecomes forth a leafc as in other graJTes, and out of thebofome of the twovo permoll of thefe leaues comes out a (lender lhilke being lome a or 3 inches hDb and at the too thereof grovves as in a little vmblc a prety white chaffie floure ; and at, or nigh to the top of the maine ftalke there grow three or foure inch floures cluftering together vpon little lhort and flen der foot ftalkesithe leaues are but final 1, and fome handfull or better long; the roote I did not ob" ferue. This feemestohaue fome affinitie with the Gramen jitnSytm aquaticttmfomerly deCdiibed in the ninth chapter. I neuer found this but once, and that was in the companie of M .Thomas Smith, and M . lames Clarke, Apothecaries of London; we riding into Windfore For'eftvpon the fearch of rare plants, and we found this vpon a bogge neere the high way fide at the corner of the great parke. I thinke it may very fitly becalled Gramen jtmteum Imcanthemum:' White floured rurh-grn.de. X Thelaft yeareat Margate in the Ifle of Tenet, neere to the Tea fide and by the chalky cliffe I obferued a pretty litle grade which from a fmall white fibrous roote fent vpa number of ftalkes of an vnequall height, for thelongeft, which were thofe thatlay partly fpred vpon the ground were lome hand full high, the other that grew ftraightvp were not fo much , and of this one inch and ha! fe was taken vp in the 1 pike or care,which was no thicker than the reft of the ftalke and feemed nothing elfe but a plaine fmooth ftalke, vnlefTe you looked vpon it earneftly and then you nught perceiue it to be like Darnell grafleiwherefore in the Iournall that I wrotof this Sim plmg voyage, I called npag.^Gramenparvtmmarmum ffica Lohacea. I iudge it to be the fame that B. whim in his Prodromusjag. 1 9 hath fet forth vnder the name of Gramen Loliacutm minus rbi ca [fimpha . It may be called in Englifh,Dwarfe DarndJ Graffe. ' 9 f he Darnell graffe than I compared the eare offiiis Iaftdefcribedvnto, is not the Gramen for na intern (which our Author called Darnel-grade) but another grafTegrowing in moll places with ftalkes about fome fpan high, but they feldome (land vpright, the care is made iuft like that vvluch hereafter chap. 5 8. is called Lolium rubrtim^ Red Darnell, of which I iudge this a variety difc faring little therefrom but in frtialfneffe o'fgrovvth. : J 10 V pon Hampfted heath I haue often obferued a fmall graffe whole longed leaues are fel- dofne aboue two or three inches high, and qhefe leaues are very greene, fmall, and perfealy round like the Spartum ^tuftrtacum, or Feaehtr-grafle : I could neuer finde anv ftalke or eare vpon if wherefore I haue brought 1 1 into the Garden to ob ferue it better. In the forementioned Iournall fag . 33 . you may finde it vnder.the name of Gramen Spartium capillacco folio minimum. It may be’ this is that graffe which Bauhmc fet forth in his Prodromns,ptur. i i .vnder the title of Gramen fp.tr- teum M onfpehacum capillacco folio minimum. I haue thought good in this place to explaine my mea- ning by thefe two names to fuch as are ftudious of plants, which may happen to light by chance (for they were not intended for publicke) vpon our Iournall, that they need not doubt of my meaning. 1 i x I muft not paifie oner in filcnce two other Grades, which for any thing that I know are ftrangers with vs, the one I haue feene whith M. Parkinfon, and it is fet forth by Bauhinejar. 3 o.of his Vrodromus . The other by Lohell in the fecond part qfhis ^Ldverftrea,pag .468. The firff (which ll.tuhinc fitly calls Gramen alopccuriodes fptca ffpera, and thinkes it to be Gram. Echinatum B.tlefcham- pij, delcribed Hill. Lttgd. png. 432.J hath a fibrous and white root, from which arifes a ftiffe ftalke diuided by many knots, or knees : the leaues are like to the other fox-taile grafles,but °ree- neritheeareis rough, of fome inch in length, and grovves as it were vpon one fide of the ftalkeithe eare at firft is greensand fliewes yellovviili little flowers in Auguft. 12 rhis opher Grade which Lohell in the quoted place figures and deferibes by the name of Gramen Scoparium ifehami ptmnicuUs G all, cum, hath rootes fome cubit long, (lender, and very ftiffe, (lor of thefe are made thehead brufhes which are vulgarly vfed) the ftraw is fiender,and fome cu- bit high, being heereand there ioynted like toother Graflcs : the top hath foure or hue eares iranding alter the manner of Cocks foot Grade, whereofit is a kinde. It growes naturally about Orleance, and may be called in Englifh,Brufh-grade. t Chap . 1 IB. I. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 29 Ch A P. 23. Of Qotton Cjr.ijje. The description. 5 His fttangc Cotton grade, which L'obelius hath comprehended vnder the 1 ,-indcs , ofRulhes; notwithdanding that it may pafle with the Rufhes yet I finde in , mine owne experience that it doth rather referable grade than rufhes and may '"“Terentiy be taken for either, for that it doth participate of both f he dalke is {hull and nifty, garnifted with many grady leaues alongft the fame, bearing at the top a bufh or tuft of mod. pleafant downe or cotton like vnto the mod fine and foft white filke The mnV is very tough, fmall and threddy. ' a This Water Gladiole, or grady Rudi, of all others is the faired and mod pleafant to be- hold, and ferueth very well for the decking and trimming vp of houfes, becaufe of the beautv and Srauerie thereof ; confiding of fundry fmall leaues, of a white colour mixed with carnation 7 growing at the ton of a bare and naked dalke, fine or fix foot long, and fometime more The leaues are long and flaggy, not much vnlike the common reed.The root is threddy, and not Ion°-. £ I GramenTomentariitm. Cotton Grade. n cotton ijrane. , ■ , . . a G Lidiolfts prdufiris Cordi. ft ld\ l tJU. dJXZ Theplace and time. 1 < -' ot£on g ta(rc groweth vpon bogs and fuch like mooriih places, and it is to be feene vpon the bogs on Hampfied heath. It gtoweth likeivife in Highgate parke neere London. 2 Water Gladiole groweth in danding pooles, motes, and water ditches. I found it in great plenty being in company with a Worfhipfull Gentleman Mader Robert Wilbraham, at a Yilla°-e fifteene miles from London called Budiey. It groweth likevvife neere Redritfe by London, and many other places: the feafonanfwerethall others. •f The names. 1 Gramen Toment ofum is called likewife Iancus bombicinus : of Cordus LinnmpratmCe, and Gnu, phnhnm Hicronymi Bockij. In Englifh Cotton grade. G s Water Water Gladiole is called of L' oklim, litmus Cyperoides flondm paludofm, Flowring Cy- preffe Rnfli : Uncus, for that hisftalkeis like the rufli : Cyperoides, becaufe his Ieaues referable Cyperut :■ Florida, becaufe it hath on the top of euery ftalke a fine vmble or tuft of fmall flowers, in fafhion of the Lilly of Alexandria, the which it is very like, and therefore I had rather call it Lilly gralfe. T he nature and virtues. Cor dm faith. That luncm bombicinns fodden in wine, and fo taken, helpeth the thtovves and gri- pings of the belly, that women haue in their childing. There be alfo fundry kinds of Graffes wholly vnknowne,or at the leaft not remembred of the old Writers, whereof fome few are touched in nameonely by the late and new Writers: now for as much as they haue onely named them, I will referre the obtterconfiderationofthernto the induftrie and diligence of painefull fearchers of nature, and profecute my purpofed labour , to vnfold the diuers forts and manifold kindes of Cypcrm,F lags, and Rufhes : and becaufe that there is added vnto many of the Grafles before mentioned, this difference, Cyperoides, that is to fay, refembling Cyperus , 1 thought it therefore expedient to ioyne next vnto the lnftory of gaffes, the difeourfe of Cyperus, and his kindes, which are as follow. Chap. 24.. Of Englijh (jalingale. I Cyperut lottgus. Englifh Galingale Ckj |0 ttUstO 2 Cypcrus rotunda vulgaris. Round Galingale. The description. Nglifh Galingale hath Ieaues like vnto the common Reed, butleffer and ihorter. His ftalke is three fquare,two cubits high : vpon whofe top ftand fundry branches, euery little branch bearing many fmall chaffy fpikes. The root is b lacke and very long, creeping hither and thither, occupying much ground by reafon of his fpreading i it is of a moft fweet and plea- fant fmell when it is bioken. The Lib. i. Of the Hiif ory of Plants. 51 2 The common round Cyperus is like the former in leaues and tops , but the roots are here and there knotty and round, and not altogether fo wellfmelling as the former. t g There is alfo another Cyperus which growes in Syria and .Egypt, whole roots arc round, blackiih,and large, many hanging vpon one ftring, and hauing a quicke and aromaticke fmell ’ the leaues and fpokyn-tufts referable the former. 4 There is faid to be another kinde of this lad defcribed, which is Idler , and the roots are blacker, and it growes in Creet, now called Candy. 5 There is alfo another round Cyperus which growes about ditches and the bankes of Ritters whereas the Gilt water fometimes comes : the roots of this are hard and blacke without fmell, many hanging fometimes vpon one ftring : the ftalkcand leaues are much like the former, but the heads vnlike, for they are rough and bfackifh, about the bigndfe of a filbert,and hang fome fix or feuen atlhe top of the dal kef It floures in Inly and Auguft. $ ■J The place and. time. 1 2 The firft and fecond of thefc grow naturally in fenny grounds, yet will they pro fper exceedingly in gar- dens, as experience hath taughtvs. 3 4 The formerofthefe growes naturally in Syria and .Egypt, the later in Candy. 5 This growes plentifully in the Marifhes below Grauefend,in Shipey, Tenet, and other places. H The name in pencraft. Cyperus is called in Greekc,K.-T«e f .,or of the La- tines as well Cypirus as Cyperus: of fopie Iuncus quadrat us: of Pliny Iuncm ^Angulofus, and T n angular is : of others A- fiaUthum and Eryfjccptron : in French Souchct : in Dutch dnUlgiltl * in Spanilh Iunco edorofa: By vs Cyperus and En- glish Galangall. t «[J The names in particular. 1 This is called Cyperus longus, and Cyperus lingua 0 - deratior: inEnglilh,CommonC^fr/«,andEnglifh Gal- lingall. 2 This is ca\\e.&Cypcriis rotundus vulgaris. Round Englifh Galangall. 3 Cyperus rotundusl&yr incus, or gyptiacus, Syrian or .Egyptian round Cyperus. 4 Cyperus minor Creticus, Candy round Cyperus. 5 Cyperus rotundus inodor us Littoreus, Round Salt-marfh Cyperus, or Galin- gale. t The nature. Dicfcorides faith, That Cyperus hath an heating quali- tie. Galen faith, The roots are moll effe&ual in medicine, and are of an heating and drying qualitie: and fome doe reckon it to be hot and dry in the fecond degree. Thevertues. It maketh a mod profitable drinke to breake and ex- pell grauell,and helpeth the dropfie. If it be boyled in wine, and drunkc, itprouoketh vrine, driueth forth the done , and bringeth r downe the naturall ficknefle of women. The fame taken as aforefaid,is a remedie againd the dinging and poyfonof Serpents. Ternehus faith, The root of Cyperus vfed in Baths helpeth the coldnefle and flopping of the matrix,andprouoketh thetermes. He writeth al fo, that it increafeth bloud by warming the body, and maketh good digedion ; R wonderfully refrefhing the fpirits, and exhilarating the minde, comforting the fenfes , and en- creafing their luielinefTe,redoring the colour decayed, and making a fweet breath. The powder of Cyperus doth not onely dry vp all moid vlcers either of the mouth, priuy mem- p and fundament, but llayeth the humor and healeth them, though they be maligne and vi- rulent, according to the iudgement of Eernelius, 5 Cyperus rotundus littoreus. Round Salt-marfh Cyperus. A Cz Chap,' OO m Wm Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lie. i. M j'igi * c hap . 25 . Of ftal'm Trafi, or Spanijh Galingale* I Cypcrus Efculcntiis fine Caule & flore. Italian Trail, or Spanifh Galingall, without ftalke and flourc. 2 Cypcrus Efculentusfiuc T rtifi It alarum, Italian Trail, or Spanifh Galingall. $ 1 r T"'Hc Italian Trafi, which is here termed Spaniih Galingale, is a plant that hath [ many finall roots, hanging at ftringy fibers like as our ordinary Dropwort roots do, but they are of the bignefle of a little Medlar, and haueone end flat and as it were crowned like as a Medlar, and it hath alfo fundry ftreakes or lines, feeming to di- uide it intofetieral parts •. it is of a brownifh colour without, and white within ; the tafte there- of is fweet almoft like a Chefnut. The Ic-aues are very like thofe of the garden Cypcrus ,- 3 . nd netier exceed a cubit in length. Stalkes, flowers, or feed it hath none, as Iohn Pona an Apothecary of Verona, who diligently obferued it nigh to that city whereas it naturally growes,affirmes ; btit he faith there growes with it much wild Cypcrus, which as he judges hath giuen occalion of their error who giue it the ftalkesand flowers otCyperuspn Englifli Galingale, as jVatti/fl/ar and others haue done. It is encreafed by fetting theroots firft fteeped in water, at the beginningof Nouem- ber. I haue here giuen you the figure of it without the ftalke, according to Pona, and with the ftalke, according to Matthiolus and others. *f The names. The Italian Trafi is called in Grcekeby TheopkraflMMAn,$o»*, Hijl. plant. 4. cup. 10. as Paints Column 4 hath proued at large : Pliny termes it Anthalium : the later writers Cypcrus Efculcntus , and Dulcicbinum ■ The Italians, Trafi, and Dotylini, by which names in Italy they are cryed vp and downe the ftreets,as Oranges and Lemmons are here. The temper and venues. The milke orcreamcof thefe Bulbous rootes being drunke,mundifies thebreftand lungs,' wherefore it is very good for filch as are troubled witlycoughs. Now you muft beat thefe roots, and macerate them in broth, and then prefle out the crcame through a linnen cloath , which by fome late Writers is commended alfo to be vfed in venercous potions. The fame creamc is alfo good to be drunke againft the heate and fharpnefle of the vrine,efpe- cially if you in making it do addc thereto the feeds of Pompions, Gourds, and Cucumbers.The Citifens of Verona cate them for dainties, but they are fomewhat windy. % Chap, . ' .V- v, \ , \ Lib. i. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 33 % Chap. z6. Of tie true Cjalingale, the greater and the lejfer. t 1 Galanga major. % 2 Galanga minor. The greater Galingale. The lefler Galingale. T He affinitie of name and nature hath induced me in this place to infert thefe two, the big- ger and the leiTer Galingale ; fir ft therefore of the greater. *J The deferi ft ion. i The great Galingale, vvhofe root onely is invfe, and brought to vs from lava in the Eaft Indies, hath flaggy leaues fome two cubits high, like thefeof Catf-taile or Reed-mace : the root is thicke and knotty, refemblingthofe of our ordinary fiagges, but that they are of a more whitifh colour on the infide,and not fo large. Their talk is very hot and biting, and they are fom- what redd i fli on the outlide. 2 The Idfer growing in China,and commonly in fhops called Ga]ingale,vvithout any additi- on, is a fmall root of a brownifh red colotir both within and without ; the tafte is hot and biting the fmell aromaticall,the leaues (if we may beleeue Garcia ab Horte ) are like thofc of Myrtles. The names. t The fir!! is called by Matthiolns, Lobcll , and others, Galanga major. Some thinke it to be the Acorns of the Ancients : and Pena and Lobcll in their Stirp. Aduerf queflion whither it be not the Acorns Galaticus of Dtofaridcs. But howfoeuer, it is the corns a[ the (hops, and by many vfed in Mithridate in Head of the true. The Indians call it Lancuaij. ’ ’ i The lefler is called Galanga, and Galanga minor, to diftinguifh it from the precedent. The Chinois call it Lanandon : the Indians Laneuaz : we in England terme it Galingale withoutany addition. 5 ' Their temper and venue. Thefe roots are hot and dry in the third degree, but the lefler are fomewhat the hotter. They ftrengthen the ftomacke, and mitigate the paines thereof arifing from cold and" flatu- A Iencies. The fmell, efpecially of the lefler, comforts the too cold braine ; the fubftance thereof bein®- B chewed fweetens the breath. It is good alfo again!! the beating of the heart. ° They are vfefull again!! the Colficke proceeding of flatulencies, and the flatulent affeffs of Q the vvombe ; they conduce to venery, and heate the too cold reines. To conclude, thev are good again!! all cold difeafes. * ’ 1 8 * Chap. zj. Of Turmeric ke. T His alfo clullengeth the nextplace, as belonging to this Tribe, according to Diofcorides - yet the root, which onely is brought vs, and in vfe,doth more on the outfide refemb le Gin- ger, but that it is yellower, and not fo flat, but rounder. The infide thereof is of a Saffron colour, the tafte hot and bitterifti • it is laid to haue leaues larger than thofe of Millet, and a lea- tie ftalke. There is fome varietic of thefe roots, for fome are longer, and others rounder and the rarer are the hotter, and they arc brought oner oft times together with Ginger. The place. It growes naturally in the Eaft-Indies about Calecut, as alfo at Goa, •J Thetiamcs, X]i i$ without doubt is tlic Cjfcfus Ificucws QtoJcofirftSy Lib* j # Cuf. It is now vul^cifly try « s ~ molt Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 34 Lib. i. mo(! Writers, and in ("hops, called by the name 6f T erra merit a, and Curcuma : yet Come terme it Crocus Indicus, and we inEnglifh call it Turmericke. T he temperature andvertues. A This root is certainly hot in the third degree, and hath a cjualitie to open obflru&ions, and it is vfed with good fucceffe in medicines againft the yellow Iaundife,and againft the cold diftem- pers of theiiucr and fpleene. and they haue many fibers' comming out of them, but they are taken away together with the outward rin.de. before they come to vs. Thefe roots haue a llrong medicine-like fmell, and fomewhat an tngratefull tafte. Some call the long parts of thefe roots Zedoana, and theround(whofe figure we here giue you) Zerumbetb, and make them different, whenas indeed they are but parts of the fame root as Lobeil and others haue well obferued. Some make Zedoana and Zerumbetb different, as c. Auiccn others confound them and make them one, as Rbafes and S erapio. Some thinke it to be >,«•#. of j£gine- ta : but that is not fo • for he faith, ’^5*., saintir (jjj'yut&ut* ; It is an Aroma ticke and therefore chiefely mixed in ointments : which is as much as if he fhould haue faid. That it* was put into ointments for the fmells fake, which in this is no wayes grateful], but rather the con- trarie. A It is hot and dry in the fecond degree- itdifcuffesflatulcncics,andfattens by acertaine hid- den qualitie. It alfo diifipates and amends the vngratefull fmell which Garlicke, Onions or too much wine infeift the breath withall,ifit be eaten after them. It cures the bites and flings of venomous creatures, flops laskes, refolues the Abfceffcsofthewombe,ftayes vomiting, helpes the Collicke, as alfo the paine of the ftomackc. B It kills all forts ofwormes, and is much vfed in Antidotes againft the plague, and fuch like contagious difeafes. $ i T Do not here intend to trouble you with an accurate diftinftion and enumeration of Rufhes ; j. for if I fhould, it would be tedious to you, laborious to me, and beneficiall to neither. There- fore I will onely defenbe and reckon vp the chiefe and more note-worthy of them, beginning which, as from one entire tuft, proceed a great company of fmall rufhes ; fo exceedingly well knowne,that I fliall nor need to fpend much time about the defcription thereof. a There be fundry forts of Rufhes befides the former, whofe pi&ures are not here expreft, and the rather, for that the generall defcription of Rufhes, as alfo their common vfeand feruice, arefufficienttolcadevs to the knowledge ofthem. This great Water-Graffe or Bul-Rufh, in ftead of leaues bringeth forth many .ftrait twiggic fhoots or lprings , which be round , finooth, fharpe pointed, and without knots. Their tuft or flower breaketh forth a little beneath the top, vpon the one fide of the Rufh , growing vpon little fhort Items dike Grape clufters, wherein is contained the feed after the fafhion of a fpeares point. The roots be (lender and full of firings. Pliny, and Tbeepbrajlus before him, affirme that the roots of the Rufh do die euery yeare,and that Chap. 28. Of Zedoarie. nanorin the Indies , the leaues thereofare lar- ger than Ginger, and much like them; the root is alfo as large, but confifting of parts of different fi- gures, fome iong and final], others round ; their co- lour is vvhite,and oft times brownifh on the infidc, f Zerumbetb, fiue Zedoaria rotunda. Round Zedoarie. The names. The temperature andvertues. Chap. zp. Of%uJhes. with the moftvfuail and common, t Tbc defcription. j The roots of our common Rufhes are long and hairy, fpreading largely in the ground, from it grower!) Lib. I. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. , V it groweth againc of the feed. And they affirms likevvife that the male is barren 7 and grower’ againc of the yong (hoots ; yet 1 could neuer obferue any fiich thing. , ‘ X 3 There grovves a Rufh to the thicknes of a Reed, and to fome two yards and an ha ■i?c ,'or three yards high,in diners fenny grounds in this kingdome ; it is very porous and light, and they, vfually make mats, and bottom chaires therewith. The fee, Os are conta jned.in redd'iih tufts,brea" king out at the top thet-eof.Thc roots are large andioynted,and it grows not vnleiTe in waters’. ' £ 4 Imrcus ncutus, or the fharpe Rufh, is likewife common and well knowne • not much diffe- ring from imcitsUuis, but harder,- rougher, and (harper pointed, filter tQ-ftraw houses and cham- bers than any of the reft, for the others are fo foft and pithy, that they turiie to dull and tilth with much treading ; where contrariwife this rufh is fp hard that it will iaft foutu} much longer. t 5 There is alfo another pretty fmall kinde of Rufh growing to fome foot in heigth f ha- il ingfinoothftalkes which end m ahead like to that of the ordinary Horfe-taile. This rufh hath alfo onelittlejoynt towards the bottome thereof. It growes in watery places, but not fo fre- quently as the former. X l I uncus Urn. 4 Tuneus ncutus. Common Rufhes. Sharpe Rufh, or hard Rufli, 3 I uncus aquatierts mnxmus. Great Water-Rufh,or Bul-Rufh. The place. 1 hincusUuis groweth in fertile hefds, and ineadowes phat are fomewhat moift. 235, Grow in Handing pooles, and by riuersfides in fundry places. 4 luncus ncutus grovveth vpon dry and-barren grounds, efpecially neere the furrows of plowed aiu . need not fpeake of their timeof growing, they being fo common as they pro. t l . n,,i-u f The names . J _ le 1S ca ^ cc * * n Grecke = in Latine Imcus .* in high Dutch t in low Dutch UolCteil : in Italian Giunco : in Spanifh lunco : in French lone ■ in Englifh Rallies. places 3 temiedBumbk^ aUCCaUed *!*. BulI " Rulh ' T1,e g^ter we commonly in many 1 lyricus Uuis is that Rmli which Diofwidcs called »7, 4 JS I1C '.‘ S ac '‘ tu \ 15 called in Greeke if.**©- = I n Dutch DfeCCti BjfRtl. «itls or Club Rufli ^ a H ,,atias - ; minor Cnpitulis Equifcti ; V>yDA-frta>npu>s,luHcus cu~ f Tfo Of the Hiftorie of Plants. B. f. | Ji m 1 * «| The nature and verities. Thefe Ru fhes are of a dry nature . A The feed of Rulhes dried at the fire, and drunke with wine alayed with water, ftayeth the lask-e and the ouermuch flowing of womens termes. B Galen yeeldeth this reafon thereof, becaufe that their temperature confifteth of an earthy cf- fence, moderately cold and watery, and meanly hot , and therefore doth the more cafily drie vp the lower parts, and by little and little fend vp the cold humours to the head, whereby it prouo- keth drowfinefle and defire to fleepe,but caufeth the head-ache ; whereof Galen yeeldeth the rea- fon as before. C The tender leSues that be next the root make a conuenient ointment againft the birings of the Spider called Phahw^ium. The feed of the Bull-Rufh is mo ft foporiferous, and therefore the greater care muft be had in the adminiftratiun thereof, left in prouoking fleepe you induce a drowfinefle or dead fleepe. C hap. ^o. Of%eeds. Thekindes. O F Reeds the Ancients haue fet dovvne many forts. Theolhrajlus hath brought them all firft into two principall kindes, and thofe hath hediuided againe intomoe forts. The two principall are thefe, Auleticn, or Tibiales Arundtnes i and Arundo vallatona. Of thefe and the reft we will fpeake in their proper places. (K I Arundt valla! oria. Common Reed. A vt/i lA 2 Arundo Cyfria. Cypreffe Canes. The de fieri ft ion. I He common Reed hath long ftrawieftalkes full of knotty joints or knees like vnto corne, whereupon do grow very long rough flaggy leaues. The tuft or fpoky eare doth grow at the top of the ftalkes, browne of colour, barren and without feed, and doth relemblc t bufh of feathers, which turneth into fine dovvne or cotton which is carried awav with the winde. The root is thicke, long, and full of firings, difperfing themfelucs farre abroad, whereby v VV.' v . ' V - v \' s.V > • .V- vAiVv' v \ VA. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lib. i. whcrby it doth greatly increafe. i Batthinus reports, That he receiaed from D .Cargill, a Scartifh- man a Reed vvhofe leaties were a cubit long, and two or three inches broad, with fame ncmcs a n- parantly running alongft the lcafe ; thefe leaties at the top were ditiided into two, three, or hoare points or parts . as yet I hatie not obferucd it. Batthine termcs it Arundo Aurika folus tn liumnitate dijfettis. $ i The Cypreffe Reed is a great Reed hailing fta-lkes exceeding long, fomctintes twenty or thirty foot high, ofa woody fubftance, fet with very great leaties like thole of Turky wheare It carrieth at the top the like downie tuft that the former doth. 3 Thefe Reeds Lobelias hath feene in the Low coun- tries brought from Conftantinople, where, as it is laid the people of that countrey haiie procured them from the parts of the Adriaticke lea fide where they do grow. They are full lhift with a fpongeous fubftance,- fo that there is no hollownefle in the fame, as in Canes & otlier Reeds, except here and there certainc fmall pores or naf- fages of the bignefle of a pinnes point ; in manner fuch a pith as is to be found in the Bull-Rufh,but more firms and folid. 4 The feconcWiffereth in fmalncffe, and that it will wiride open in fleakes, otherwife they are very like , and arc vfed for darts, arrowes, and fuch like. 5 This great fort of Reeds or Canes hath no parti- cular defeription to anfwcr your expectation, for that as yet there is not any man which hath written thereof . efpecially of the manner ofgrowing of them, either of hisoivne knowledge or report from others : fo that it fhal-1 fuffice that yee know that that great cane is vfed efpecially in Conftantinople and thereabout, of aged and wealthy Citifens,and alfo Noblemen and fuch great perfonages,to make them walking ftaues of, caruing them at the top with fundry Scutchions, and pretty toyes of imagerie for the beautifying of them ; and fo they of the better fort do garnifh them both with fil- uer and gold, as the figure doth moft liuely fet forth vn- toyou. 6 In like manner the fmaller fort hath not as vet beene feene growing of any that liaue becne curious in herbarilme, whereby they might fet downe any certain- tie thereof ; onely it hath beene vfed in Conftantinople and thereabout, etien to this day, to make writing pens withall, for the vtjhich it doth very fitly ferue, as alfo to make pipes, and filch like things ofpleaftive. f Tit place. The common Reed groweth in (landing waters and in the edges and borders of riuers almoft etiery where :and the other being the angling Cane for FuTW-ts groweth in Spaineand thofc hot Regions. The time. ' They flourifh and flower from April to the end of September, at what time they are cut down for the vfe of man, as all do know. IT rhe names. The common Reed is called Arundo and// arundo vaHatoria : in French Rofiau in Dutch UtCt * in Italian Canne afarjiepo : of Diofc. Phragmitis : in Englifh,Reed. Arundo Cyprii i-,or after Lobelias, Arundo Donax .• in French Canne in Spanifh Cana in Italian Calami afar Comochia : In Englifh,Pole reed, and Cane, or Canes. The nature. Reeds are hot and dry in the fecond degree, as Galen faith. The vertues . The roots of reed ftamped final draw forth thorns and fplintets fixed in any part of mans body . r \ I be fame ftamped with vineger cafe all luxations and members out ofioynt. ' j. And like wife ftamped they hearle hot and fharpe inflammations. The allies of the it mixed q w h vineger helpeth the fcaks and feurfe ofthe head, andlielperh the falling of the halve. Tlje 3 Arundo far Ha. Stuffed Canes. 4 Calamus fagittalts Lo belli . Small Huffed Reed . 5 NaftosClufij. Turky walking ftaues. C Aritndofcriptoria. T urky writing Reeds. fem & r * y W[ i (! i iff The great Reed or Cane is not vfed in phyficke,but is efteemed to make dears for W-ea tiers, ftmdry forts of pipes, as alfo to light candles that ftand before Images, and to make hedges and pales, as vve do of laths and fuch like; and alfo to make certainediuifions in lliips toduiidc the Tweet oranges from the fovvre, the pomecitron and lemmons likcwife in funder, and many other purpofes. Chap. 31. Of Sugar fane. The defcription. k_A rundo Saccharin*. SugarCane. 1 OVgar Cane is a pleafant and profitable Reed, hauing long ftalkes feucn or eight foot high, ioynted or kneed like vnto the great Canc ; the leaues come forth of eueric joyntoneuery fide of the ftalke one, like vnto wings, long, narrow, and fharpe poin- ted. The Cane it felfe, or ftalke is not hollow as other Canes or Reeds are, but full, and ifutfed with a fpongeous fubftance in rafte exceeding fiveet. The root is great and long, creeping along within the vpper cruft of the earth, which is likcwife fiveet and pleafant, but Idle hard or woody than other Canes or Reeds • from the which there doth (hoot forth manyyong liens, which are cutaway from the maine or mother plant, becaufethey fhould not draw away the nourifhmcnt from the old ftocke, and fo get vnto them felues a little moifture,o.relfe fome fubftance not much worth, and caufe the ftocke tobe barren, and themfelues little the better ; which (hoots do ferue for plants to fet abroad for encrcafe. The place. The Sugar Cane grovveth in many parts of Eu- rope at this day, as in Spaine, Portugal, Olbia, and inProucnce. It groweth alfo in Barbaric, generally almoft euery where in the Canarie Iflands, and in thofe of Madera, in the Eaft and Weft Indies , and many otheT places. My felfe did plant fome (boots thereof in my garden, and fome in Flanders did the like : but the coldnefie of our cly mate made an end ofmine,and I thinkc the Flemings will haue the like profit of their labour. The time. This Cane is planted at any time of the veare in thofe hot countries where it doth naturally grow, by reafon they feare no fro'fts to hurt the yong lboots at their firft planting. «j The names. The Latines haue called this plant Artmdo Saccha- rin*, with this additament,/«i/t.i,becaufe it was firft; knowne or brought from India. Of fome it is called Calamus Saccharatus : in Englifh Sugar Cane : in Dutch ^tiptcfeemeDt, C Thcnature andvertucs . The Sugar or juice of this Reed is ofa temperate qualitic; it driethand cleanfeth the ftomacke, ma- keth finooth the roughnefle of the bred and lungs, cleareth the voice, and putteth away hoarfenefle, the cough, and all fotircneffe and bitternefle,as Ifaac faith in Dictis. 5[ Thevfe. Of the iuyee of this Reed is made themoft pleafant and profitable fiveet, called Sugar, where- of is made infiniteconfeftions,confedtures, fyrups, and fuch like, as alfo preferuing and con- feruing of fundry fruits, herbes, and flowers, as Rofes, Violets, Rofemary flowers, and. fuch like, which ftill retaine with them the name of Sugar, as Sugar Rofet, Sugar violet, Stc. The which to write of would require a peculiarvolume,and not pertinent vnto this hiftorie, for that it is not my purpofetomakeofmybookeaConfc&ionarie, a Sugar Bakers furnace, a Gentlewomans preferuing pan, nor yet an Apothecaries fhop or Difpenfatorie ; but onely to touch the chiefeft matter that I purpoled to handle in the beginning, that is, the nature, properties, and deferiptions ofplants. Notwithstanding I thinkc it not amiffc tp fhew vnto you the ordering oftbefereeds when Lib. i. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. ?9 when they be new gathered, as I receiued it from the month of an Indian my feruant : he faith They cut them in fmall pieces, and put them into a trough made of one whole tree, wherein they put a great Hone in manner of a mill-ftone, vvhereunto they tie a horfe, bufHe,or fome other bead which draweth it round : in which trough they put thole pieces of Canes, and fo crufh and grind themas we do the barkes of trees for Tanners, or apples for Cyder. Butin fome places thevvfe a great vvheele, wherein flaues do tread and walke as dogs do in turning the fpit : and fome others do feed as it were the bottome of the laid wbeele, wherein are fome fharpe or hard things which do cut and crufh the Canes into powder. And fome likewife haue found the inuention to turne the vvheele with water vvorkes, as we do our iron mills. The Canes being thus brought into dud or powder, they put them into great cauldrons with a little water , where they boyle vntill there be no more fweetnelTe left in the crulhed reeds. Then doc they ftraine them through mats and fuch like things, and put the liquor to boyle againe vnto the confidence of honey, which being cold is like vnto fand both in fhevv and hand ling, but fomewhat fofter ; and fo afterward it is ca£ ried into all parts of Europe, where it is by the Sugar Bakers artificially purged and refined to that whitenelfe as we fee. Chap. 32. Of Flowing feed. <_ Arundo florid a. Flovvring Reed. The defeription. jpLourifhing Reed hath a thicke and fat fialkc of foure or fine foot high, great below neere the ground, and finaller toward the top, taper-wife : whereupon do grow very faire broad leaues ful of ribs or finewes like vnto Plantainc,in fhdpe reprefentino- the leaues of white Hellebor, or the great Gentian^ but much broader and larger euery way : at the top of which ftalkes do grow phantafticke flowers of a red or vermilion colour; which being faded, there follow round, rough, and prickly knobs, like thofe of Sfurga- ninm, orvvater-Burre,ofabrowne colour, and from the middle of thofe knobs three fmall leaues. The feed contained in thofe knobs is exceeding black, of a per- fect roundnefle, of the bignefle of the fmalleft peafe. The root is thicke, knobby, and tuberous, with certain fmall threds fixed thereto. ^ There is a variety ®f this, hailing floures of a yellow or Saffron colour, with red fpots. $ The place. Itgrovveth in Italy in the garden of Padua, and many other places of thofe hot regions. My felfehauC planted it in my garden diners times, hut it neuer came to flowring or feeding, for that it is very impati- ent to endure theinjtirie of our cold clymate. It is a natiue of the V/ eft Indies . «]■ The time. It niuft be fet or fowen in the beginning of April I, in a pot with fine earth, or in a'bed made with horfe- dung, and fome earth ftrawed thereon, in fuch manner as Cucumbers and Muske-Melons arc. The names. The name ^Amndo Indict is diuerfly attributed to fundrie of the Reeds , but principally vnto this, called of Lofolius, Camiacorus : of others, Arundo florida, and Harunda florida : in Englifh,the Flovvring Reed. % The nature and venues. There is not any thing fetdowne as touching the temperature and vertues of this Floiirifhing Reed, either of the Ancients, or of the new or later Writers. 4° Of the Hiftorie of Plants. L i B. 1 Chap. 33. Of c Paper c R^ed. P Aper Reed hath many large Haggle leaues fomewhat triangular and finooth, not much vn- likethofeof Catf-tailc, rifing immcdiatly from a tuft of roots compaft ofmany ftrino-s, amongftthevvhich it fhootethvp two or three naked ftalkes, fquare,and rifing fome fix or feuen cubits high abouc the water -at the top whereof there (lands a tuft or bundle of chaffie threds fet in comely order, refembiing a tuft of flowers, but barren and void of feed. The place. Papyrus Nilotica. This kindeof Reed growes in the Riuers Paper Reed. about Babylon, and neere the city Alcaire, in the riucr Nilus, and fuch other places of thofe countries. The time. The time of fpringing and flourifhing an- fwercth that of the common Reed. % The names. This kindeof Reed which I haue Engli- fhed Paper Reed, or Paper plant, is the fame (as I do reade) that Paper was made of in -'Egypt, before the inuention of paper made oflinnen clouts was found out. It is thought by men oi great learning and vnderflanding in the Scriptures, and let dovvne by them for truth, that this plant is the fame Reed mentioned in the fecond chapter of Exodus . whereof was made that basket or cradle’ which was dawbed within and without with flime of that countrcy, called Bitumen ludai- cum, wherein Mofcs was put being commit- ted to the water, when Pharaoh gaue com- mandement that all the male children of the Hcbrewes fhould be drowned. Thenature, venues, andvfe. • The roots of Paper Reed doe nourifh , as may appeare by the people of Tsgypt, which do vfe to chew them in their mouthes , and fwallow dovvne the juice, finding therein great delight and comfort. B Theafhes burned affivage and confume hard apoftumes, tumors, and corrafiue vlcers in any part of the body, but chiefely in the mouth. C The burnt paper made hereof doth performe thofe effefts more forcibly. D The ftalkes hereof haue a lingular vfe and priuiledge in opening the chanels or hollow pafla- ges ofa Fiftula, being put therein ; for they dofvvellasdoth the pith ofElder,ora tent made of a fponge. g The people about Nilus do vfe toburne the leaues and ftalkes, but efpecially the roots, p The frailes wherein they put Raifins and Figs are fometimes made hereof i but generally with the herbe Spartum, deferibed in the nexr Chapter. Chap. 34.. Of z5MatJVeed. Thckindes. There bediuers kindes of Mat-VVeeds,as fhall be declared in their feuerall deferiptions. C[ The description. T He herbe Spartum, as Pliny faith, growerh of it felfe, and fendeth forth from the root a mul- titude of llcnder rufhie leaues ofa cubit high, or higher, tough and pliable, ofa vvhitifh colour, which in time draweth narrow together, making the flat leafe to become round, as istheRufh, The ftuborftalkethereofbearethatthe top certaine feather-like tufts comming forth IB. I. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 41 fonh of a fh e ath°r huskc, among die which charfie huskes is contained the feed lone- and rhaf fie. The root confiftcrh of many firings folding one within another, by mfcancs whereto" t Sm’ meth to the forme of a turfeorhaffocke. ncum I S part urn Plinij Clufio. Plimes Mat- Weed. 2 Sparti/m alteram Plinij. Hooded Mat- Weed. ,I he feCOnd . likewife Plm J dcf ??»cdi to haue along ftalke not much vnlike to Reed but Icaties, rough and%liant, hard in handling as are the bling Rie . ft is dlfMcf 'TT' a / P ff ° * ° r T ° f f ° me fil ’ C OT flX inchcs Iona >> fo '™'hat refem- feedisbrowne a s fn :k “ frc ofa r fin g«' In themidfi, and fmaller towards both theends. The plan, neither Sheep. 4X312*“* « “** *■ long not vnlike rr^On!r^r^^ a /r ^k 7ee 4 1S llk ? vntotlle former, falling that the roots of this are the vpper cruft of rV buC f donot thruft deepe into the ground, but creepe onely vnder feed than that of Rie ’’ ^ U ' ft 01 Ca! ' e IS fllort ‘ r ’ and more refembling the head of Canary hath nor drfrfilf a .% l,r ^°fo n bther fmaller Ruih, leaned Spartum with fmall heads, but hee f To S i 111 a 1 f Workes,fo that I can % nothing certainly of it. ' 5 in place of mrnvrh a ? ded t!le Fe f lierecl G rifle, though not partaking with the former' ted not miirh 'n f '^ OW r iat ? 1 Jeaues oFa foots length round, green, and fharp poin-- rife vn m „„ foimevnhke the firft deicribed Mat-weed, but much lefle : amongft thefe eaues T eXC ^ ln | thc ofthe leaues, which be,re a |ike vnlike ^ thers refembW the fmfti [° Ure ‘r eds end,n S ln > or fendin g V P V «V fine white Fea- fifts of many fmlll "“S 5 ° f ' :he Bml of Paradlfc - The roOC c0 »- £> « r.vf It - c Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lib. i. 3 Spar turn Anglic amm, Englifh Mat-Weed, or Helme. ObuM^oio (Jjuyrcot^-'- 4 Spartum Anglicamtrn altcrum. Small Englifh Mat-Weed, or Helme. The place. i 2 Thefe two grow in diuers places of Spaine. 3 I being in company with M. Tim. Hicks, William troad, and three other London Apothecaries beiides, in Auguft, 1 632, to finde out rare plants in the Ifland of Tenet, found this bigger Englifh one in great plen- ties fooneas we came to the fea fide, going betvveene Margate and Sandwich. 4 s Thefe it may be grow alfo vpon our Coafts ; howeuer they grow neere the fea fide in diuers parts of the Low-Countries. 6 This elegant Plant Cluftus firft obferned to grow naturally in the mountaines nigh to the Bathes of Ba- den in Germany , and in diuers places of Auftriaand Hungarie. It is nourifhed for the beautiein lundrie of our Englifh gardens. «yy The time. Thefe beare their heads in the middle, and fome in the later end of Sommer. The names. 1 This is called Spartum primum Plinij ; that is, the firft Mat-Weed deferibed by plin'j : in Spaine they call it Sparto : the French in Prouence terme it Olpho. 2 This is Spartum alteram Plinij, Plinie his fecond Mat- Weed, or Hooded Mat-vveed,it is called Albardin in Spaine. 3 This is Spartum tertium of Cltifms , and Gramcn Spartettm feemdum Sch&nanthimm of T aber. Our Author L i b. i. Of the Hiftory .of Plants, ^5 f ane Clitfius his figure for his firil, and T dbernamontanus figure for the fecond Spur turn An^lio'tmm ^ ut I will thinkc them both of one plant (though Bnuhine diftinguifh them) vjitill fome fhall make the contrary manifeft. This the Dutch call ^alitlC; and ourEngliiT in Tenet, Hc!me,T«>- ■ner calls it Sea-Bent. 4 This is Spartum herba 4 Batavicum of Clufuts ; Gramm Sparteum , or land Sport inm Of Taber;’. and our Author gaue Tabcrn. figure in the 2 3 Chapter of this Booke vnder the title of inputs ma- nnus gramineus ; Lobcll calls it Spartum nofiras alteram. 5 Lobell calls this Spartum nofir as porvum. 6 Clttfitis calls this Spartum Attfiriacum • Dalefchampitts, Gramen pirrmatum - we in England call it Gramcnplttmofitm, or Feathered Grafle. ^ The temperature fjertnes , and vfe. Thefe kindes of graflie or rather rufhie Reed haue no vfe in phy ficke, but ferue to make Mats, \ and hangings forchambers,fraile.s,baskets,and fuch like. The people of the Countries where ■ they grow do make beds of them, draw their houfes and chambers in ftead of Rufhes, for which they doexcell,as my fclfe haue feene. Turner alhruieth, That they made hats of the Englifh one in Northumberland in his time. They do likewife in fundry places of the Iflands of Madera, Canaria, Saint Thomas , and other g of the Iflands in the trad vnto the Well Indies, make of them their boots, ihooes , Herd-mens Coats, fires, and lights. It is very hurtfull for cattell,as Sheere-grafle is.. The Feather-Gralfe is worne by fundry Ladies and Gentlewomen in dead ofaFeather, the which it exquifitely refembles. C h a p. 35 . Of Qcunels Hay. I Scoenantfmm Camels Hay, .hr, 2 Sc&nantbum adulterimm. Ballard Camels Hay. 1 h>. C The defeription. Amels Hay hath leaues very like vnto Mat-Weed or Helme ; his roots are many , in quantitie meane , fullof imall haircsor threds proceeding fromrhe bigger'Root deeply growing in the ground, bailing diners long "ftalkes like Cyperus Grafle , fee D 2 with 44 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lie. r. with fomc fmaller leaues euenvnto the top, where do grow many fmall chaffie tufts or pannicles likevnto thofe of the wilde Oats , of a reafonable goodfmeil and fauour,when they are broken, like vntoaRofe, with acertaine biting and nipping of the tongue. t 2 Francis Penny,o( famous memory, a good Phyfitian and skilfull Herbarift, gathered on the COaftofthe Mediterranean fea, between Aigues Mortes and Pefcaite,this beautifull plant, whole roots are creeping, and ftalkes and leaues refemblc Squinanth. The flowers are foft,pappous,and thicke comparand fomc flue or fix inches in length, like toFox-taiIe ; they in colour referable white filke or ltluer. Thus much Lobell. Our Author deferibed this in the firft place, C/;. 23. vn- dcr Iuncas Marinus Gram(neus,{or [o Lobell alfo calls it. f The place. 1 This growes in Africa, Nabathaia, and Arabia , and is a ftranger in tliefe Northerne Re- gions. 2 The place of the fccond is mentioned in the defeription, *|T The time. Their time anfvvercth the other Reeds and Flags. % The names. * 1 Camels Flay is called in Greeke9«»®- tim-nm-. in Latine, Iuncut odoratus, and Scoenanthum: in fhops Squinanthum, that is, Flos lunci : in French, Pafieur de Chammeau .- in Englifh, Camels Hay, and Squinanth. 2 This Lobell calls Iuncus marinus gr.vninc/ts ,and Pfcudofch tenant hum : Wc call it Ballard Squi- nanth, and Fox-taile Squinanth. The temper. This plant is indifferently hot, and a little aftridtiue. T he vertues. A Camels Hay prouoketh vrine,raoueth the termes, and breaketh winde about the ftomacke. g It caufeth akingand heauineffe of the head, Gate yeeldeth this reafon thereof, bccaufe ic hea- teth moderately, and bindeth with tenuitie of parts. C According to Diofcorides, it diffolues,digefts, and opens the paflages of the veines. D The floures or chaffie tufts are profitable" in drinke for them that pifle bloud any wayes : It is giuenin medicines that areminiftred to cure the paines and grlefes of the guts, ftomacke, lungs, Iiuer, and reines, the fulneffe, loathfomeneffe, and other defers of the ftom«cke,the droplie,con- millions,or Ihrinkingoflinews, giuen in the’quantitie of a dram, with a like quantitie of Pepper, for forne few dayes. E The fame boyled in winehelpcth the inflammation of the matrix, if the woman do fit ouer the fume thereof, and bathe her fe He often with it alfo. Chap. 36. OfSurre^Rced. t. The defeription. 1 r I ’He firft ofthefe plants hath long leaues, which are double edged, or fharpe on both J_ fideSjWith.i fharpe crcft in the middle, in inch manner raifedvp that it feemeth to be triangle or three fquare. The ftalkes grow among the leaues, and are tivo or three foot long, being dm ided into many branches, garnilhed with many prickly huskes or knops ofthebigneffeofanut. The root is full ofhairy (brings. 2 The great Water Burre differeth not in any thing from the firft kind in roots or leaues, lane that the firft hath his leaues rifing immediately from the tuft or knop of theroot ; but thiskinde hathalong ftalke comming from the root, whereupon, a little aboue the root, the leaues fhooc outround about the ftalke fucceffiuely, fomc leaues ftill growing aboue others, euen to the top of the ftalke, and from the top thereof downeward by certainediftances. It is garnifhed with many round wharles, or rough coronets, hauing here and there among the faid wharles one fingle fbort leafe of a pale greene colour. The place. Both thefe are very common, and grow in moift medowes,and neere vnto water-courfes. They plentifully grow in the fenny grounds of Lincolnfhire,andfuch like places ; in the ditches about S. George his fields, and in the ditch right againft the place of execution, at the end of Southwark, called S. Thom.cs W-'aterings. The time. They bring forth their burry bullets or feedy knots in Auguft. i Spar. ' 1 B. I. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 45 l Sparganium Rumofim. Branched Burre-Reed. ,m-< Ta/rrurS 2 S parg aniitm lat-ifolium. Great Water-Burre. - ... 6 L S tu r ni r r IT The Mini is'. Thefe Plants of fome are called Sporgomum : Thcophraftus in his fourth Booke and eighteenth Chapter caUeth them Butomus : of fome, Plaumnn/.- I call them Burre-Reed • in the A tongue they are called Safarbe Bomon : in Italian Spargmio : of Dodonm, Cm * , Some call the nm Spargitmumramefum. or Branched Burre Reerl Tlik -i ‘ Jul “ecan tne branching Buife-Reed. - J. The ‘ ccond ,s m m„m„„ Not They are cold and dr, ofcomptaio?. c Tbevertucs. the ’ that thC k k° P i °” ou S h burres of therc plants boyled in wine , are good acainft a thebitings ofvenomous beafts,ifeitheritbe drunke, or the wound wafhed therewith ° A Chap. 37 . Of Qits Taile. T be description. white/ull offtrines and --V- V V' S V' V vA ■ > V A'\_ V. L I B. I. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. $ 5 Phdangium Virgimmm Trade, fcanti. Trade [ems Virginian Spider- T wort. ['KO. (Si*- 49 y This plant in my iudgement cannot be firlier ranked with any than thefe Lift deferibed • therefore I haue here gruen him the fifth place, as thelaft com nier. This plant hath many creeping flringy roots which here and there putvp greene leaiies,in flume re- lembling thofe of the laft-defcjibed;amon 8 . /»-i i* , IT Thenature. Ga en laith,/’ halangium is ofa drying qualitic,by reafon of the tenuitie of parts. . «J The verities. /cfcorides faith, That the leaues, feed, and floures, or any of them drunkein Wine preuailerh a d,e b.t.nauf d.c Sp.Uccik J /.i.,/.,,. Chap. 4.0. Of the Floure de-luce. Thekindts. T ^iiian l ”r CS °^ In i : 1 0r floure de-luce, whereof fome are tall and great, fome little, floures are fweeVtnT f T ?r edin§fi , VCCtindlC root > fomc haL,e no faell at all Home mixed •vertu'-sattrihurnd^r ,andf ? mc wuhoin: ,fcme of one colour, fome of many colours others bulbous nr On Jnn d f0 p e ’ °c lerS n0t rcmerabred ; haue tuberous or knobby roots, Duibous or Onion roots, fome haue leaues like flags, others like gtafle cr mfhes. ; «n Lib. i. 5 ° Of the Hiftorie of Plants. ^y Thedefcription. 1 '"p He common Floure de-luce hath long and large flaggy leaues like the blade of a A fword,wlth two edges, amongft which fpring vp finooth and plaine ftalkes two foot long, bearing floures toward thetop,compaftof fix leaues ioyned together, whereof three that Hand vpright ate bent inward one toward another ; and in thofe leaues that hang downward there are certaine rough or hairie welts, growing or riling from the nether part of the leafe vpward, al- nioft ofa yellow colour. The roots be thicke,long, and knobby, with many hairy threds hanging thereat. 2 The water Floure de-luce, or Water flag, or Ballard Acorns, is like vnto the gardenFloure de-luce in roots, leaues, and ftalkes, but the leaues are muchdonger, fometimes of the height of fourc cubits, and altogether narrower. The floure is ofa perfeifl. yellow colour, and the Root knobby like the other • but being cut, it feemeth to be of the colour of raw flefh. 1 / /t ■ , ; * '->< hnsnst ■ Floure de-luce. 4 '-it 2 Iris Water-flags, or Floure de-luce. 7 he face. The Water Floure de-luce or yellow flag profpereth well in moill rnedows, and in the borders and brinks of riuers, ponds, and Handing lakes. And although it be a water plant ol nature , yet being planted in gardens it profpereth well. ^y the names. Floure de-luce is called in Greekc te»- 1 ^itheneut and Theopbrajltu reade;^: as though they fhould fay, Confecratrix ; by which name it is alfo called of the Lattnes Radix Marica, or rather Ra- dix Naronica,o{ the riuer Naron,by which the befl and greateft ftore do grow . W hereupon Nican* der in his T reacles commcndeth it thus : Iridem quam abut T>rilon,$ A ’ aronis ripa. Which may thus be Englifhed : Iris, which Drilonwattx feeds. And Naims bankes with other weeds. The Italians, Giglio a\nrro : in Spanifh ,LilioCardeno : in French, Elmbe : The Germancs,r>ss palujlris : inEnglifh, Water- Lib. i. Of the Hiilorie of Plants. Water flags, Baftafd Floure de-luce, or Water Floure de-luce ; and in the North they call them Seggs. The nature. 1 The roots of the Floure de-luce beingas yet frefh and greene, and full of juyce, are hot al- moftin the fourth degree. The dried roots are hot and dry in the third degree, burning the throat and mouth of futh as tafte them. 2 The baftard Floure de-luce his root is cold and dry in the third degree, and of an aftrin°-ent er binding facultie. ®[ Tbe/vertues. The root of the common Floure de-luce cleane vvafhed,and ftamped with a few drops ofRofe ^ water, and laid plaifter-wifewpori the face of man or womdn, doth intwodayes at the mod take away the blackneffe or blevvneffe of any ftroke or brufe : fo that if the skinne of the fame woman or any other perfon be very tender and delicate, it dial! be needfutl that ye lay a piece of filke fin- dall, or a piece of fine Iaune betvveene the plaifterand the skinne ; for othervvife in fuch tender bodies it often caufeth heate and inflammation. The iuyee of the fame doth not onely mightily and vehemently draw forth cholcr, butmoft B efpecially watery humors, and is'a fpeciall and Angular purgation for them thathaue the Drop- lie, if it be drunke in whay or fome ocher liquor that may fomewhat temper and alay his heate. The dry roots attenuate or make thinne thicke and tough humours, which are hardly and with C difficultie purged away. They are good in a loch or licking medicine for fhortn'effc of breath, an old cough, and all in- D firmities of the cheft which rife hereupon. They remedie thofe thathaue euill fpleenes, and thofe that are tronbledwith convulfions or E cramps, biting of ferpents, and the running of the reines, being drunke with vinegre,as faith Dio- fcorides • and drunke with wine it bringeth downe the monethly courfes of women. The deco&ion is good in womens baths, for it mollifieth and openeth the matrix. Being boyled very foft,and laid to plaifter-wife it mollifieth or foftneth the kings euil,and old hard fwellings. t The roots of our ordinary flags are not (as before is deliuered) cold and dry in the third de- H grec,noryctinthefecond,as.D0dW»raffirmes;but hot and dry, and that attheleaft in tlieie- cond degree, as any that throughly taftes them will confefle. Neither are the faculties and vfe(as fome would perfuade vs) to be neglefted ; for as Pena and Lobcll affirme, though it haue no fmell nor great heat, yet by reafon of other faculties it is much to be preferred before the Galanra major, or forreigne Acorns of (hops, in many difeafes ; for it imparts more heate and ftrength to the fto- macke and neighbouring parts than the other, which rather preyes vpon and diifipates the innate heate and implanted ftrength of thofe parts. It bindes,ftrengthens, and condenfes : it is good in bloudy flixes, and ftayes the Courfes. £ Chap. ^.o. Of Floure de-luce of Florence. Thedefcription. 1 HP He Floure de-luce. of. Florence, whofe roots in fliops and generally euery where ate J. called Ireos, ox Once (whereoffweet waters, fvveet ponders, and fuch like are made) is altogether like vnto the common Floure de-luce, failing that the flowers of the Ireos is of a white colour, and theroots exceeding fvveet of find], and the other of no fmell at all. 2 The white Floure de-luce is like vnto the Florentine Floure de-luce in roots, flaggy kaues, and ftalkes ; but they differ in that, that this Iris hath his flower ofa bleake white colour declining to yellowneffe- and theroots haue not any fmell at all • but the other is very fweet as we haue laid. 1 ’ 3 The great Floure de-luce of Dalmatia hath leaues much broader, thickerytnd more clofe- ly compact together than any of the other, and fet in order like wings or the fins of a Whale fifh, greene toward the top, and of a fhining purple colour toward the bottome, euen to the ground amongft which rifeth vp a ftalke of foure foot high, as my felfe did meafure oft times in my gar- den : whereupon doth grow faire large floures of a light blew, or as we terme it,awatcbet colour. The floures do fmell exceeding fweet, much like the Orenge floure. The feeds are contained in iquare cods, wherein are packed together many flat feeds like the former. The root hath no fmell at all. i 54 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lib. r. 4 The fmall Floure de-luce of Dalmatia is in fhevv like to the precedent, but rather refcmbling Iris bi flora, being both ofone Harare, fmall and dwarfe plants in re- fpeft ofthegreater. The floures be of a more blew co- lour. They flower likevvifein May as the others dojbut beware that ye neuer caft any cold water vpon them pre- fently taken out of a Wei ; for their tendernelTe is fuch, that they wither immediatly, and rot away, as I my felfe liaue prouedrbut thofe which I left vnvvatred at the fame time line and profper to this day. 5 This kinde of Floure de-luce came firft from Por- tugal to vs.Itbringeth forth in the Springtime floures ofapurple or violet colour, fmelling like'a violet, with a white hairy welt downe the middle. T he root is thick and fhort, ftubborne or hard to breake. In leaues and fhew it is like to the lefler Floure deduce of Dalmatia, but the leaues be more fpred abroad, and it commonly hath but one ftalke, which in Autumne floureth againe, and bringeth forth t-helik? floures ; for which caufe it was called Jr is biflora. 6 Irisviolacea is likevnto the former, but much fmal- ler, and the floure is of a more deepe violet colour. 7 Carolus Clufius, that excellent and learned Father of Herbarifts, hath fet forth in his Pannonickc Obferuati- ons the pi&ure of this beautifull Floure de-luce, with great broad leaues , thicke and fat , of a purple colour neere vnto the ground, like the great Dalmatian Floure de-luce, which it doth very well referable. The root is very fweet when it i s dry, and ftriueth with the Floren- tine Iris in fweetnefle. The floure is of all the other moft confufedly mixed with fundry colours, infomuch that my pen cannot fet downyjgupry. line or ftreake, as it 'deferueth. The three leaues that ftandvpright do clafpe or embrace one another, and are of a yellow colour. The leaues that looke downward, about the edges are of a pale colour, the middle part ot white, mixed with a line oi purple, and hath many fmall purple lines ftripped oner the laid white floure, eucn to the brim of the pale coloured edge. It fmelleth like the Hauthorne floures being lightly fmelled vnto. 8 The Germane Floure de-luce,which Carrier arius hath fet forth in hisfiBooke named Hortus Medic us, hath great thicke and knobby roots : the ftalke is thicke and full of iuyee : the leaues be very broad in relpeft of all the reft of the Floure de-luces. The floure groweth at the top of the ftalke, confining of fix great leaues blew of colour, welted downe the middle,with white tending to yellow ; at the bottome next the ftalke it is white of colour , with fome yellownefle fringed about the laidwhite, as alfoaboutthe brims or edges, which greatly fetteth forth his beautie- the which Ioachimus Camer arius ,the fonne of old Camer arius of Norembcrg, bad fent him out of Hungarie, and did communicate one of the plants thereof to Clufius ; vvhofe figure he hath moft liuely fet forthwith this defeription, differing fornewhat from that which Ioachimus himfelfedid giue vnto meat his being in London. The leaues, faith he, are very large, twice fo broad as any of tire others. The ftalke is fingle and finooth ; the floure groweth at the top, of a moft bright fhi- ning blew colour, the middle rib tending to whitenefle, the three vpper leaues fornewhat yellow- ifli. The root is likewife fweet as Ireos. The place. Thefe kindes of Floure de-luces do grow wilde in Dalmatia, Goritia, and Piedmont ; notvvith- ftanding our London gardens are very well'ftored with euery one of them. The time. * Their time offlouringanfwereth the other Floure de-luces. 5 ] 'The names. The Dalmatian Floure de-luce is called in Greeke of Athcnaus aw&Theophraftes her' - it is named alfos«esw«, of the hteauenly Bow or Rainbow : vpon the fameoccafion:«»f<»s»Y or Admirable: for the Poets fometimedo call the Rainbow in Latine Iris, and in Englifh Floure de-luce. Their feuerall titles do fufficiently diftinguilh them, whereby they may be knovvne one from another. f The •} 8 Iris Camer arij. Germane Floure de-luce. Lib. i. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 55 The nature. The nature ofthefe Floure dc-luces arc anfwerable to thofe of the common kindejthat is to fay, the dry roots are hot and dry in the latter end of the fecond degree. f The venues . The iuyce ofthefe Floure de-luces doth not onely mightilyahd vehemently draw forth choi ler,but mod efpecially. watcrie humors, and is a lingular good purgation for them that haue the Droplie, if it be drunke in fweet wort or whay . The fame are good for them that haue euill fpleenes, or that are troubled with cramps or con- sul Hons, and for fuch as are bit with Serpents. It profitethalfo much thofe that haue the Gonor- rhea, or running of the reines, being drunke with Vineger, as Diofc. faith ; and drunke with Wine they bring downe the monethiy termes. Chap. 4.2. Of Variable Floure deduce!. I Irk luteavariegitd. Variable Flourede-luce. f i Iris Chalcedonies Turky Flourede-luce, T he deferiptioti] 1 f I' ^ at n 'hich is called the Floure de-luce of many colours lofeth hisleaues in Winter, JL and in the Spring time recoueteth them dnew. I am not able to exprelfe the fundrife hi i- 1 • co '°j rs:l ^ mixtures contained in this' floure : it is mixed with purple, yellow, acke, white, and a fringe or blacke thrum downe the middle of the lower leaues, ofa whitilh ye owytipped or frized,and as it were a little raifed vp ; ofa deep purp le colour neere the ground. 2 The fecond kinde hath long and narrow leaues of a blackifh greene,like the Thinking Glad- on • among which rife vp flalkes two foot long, bearing at the top of euery flalke one floure ^ompattofiix greatjeaues : the three that ftandvpright areconfufealy and very ftrangely ftrip- pe , mixed with white and a duskifh blacke colour. The three leaues that hang downeward are '■J e y § a P mg hood, and are mixed in like manner, (but the white is nothing fo bright as of the i 11 • and are as it were fhadowed oner with a darke purple colour fomewhat fhining : fo that E 2 according 1 I" ' J 1 1 ghamdris variegata, Varigated Dvvarfc Iris* 3 The French, or rather Sea Floure de-luce (whereof there is alfo another of the fame kinde altogether lefler) haue their roots without any fauour. Inlhew they differ little from the gar- den Floure de-luce, but that the leaues of thefe are altogether flenderer, andvnpleafant in fmell, growing plentifully in the rough crags of the rocks vnder the Alpes,and neerevnto the feafide. The which Pen.i found in the graflie grauelly grounds of the fea coaft neere to Montpellier. The learned Doiftor Affattus a long time fuppofedit to ha Medium Diofc.Matthiolus deceiued hiriif e and others, in that he laid, That the root of this plant hath the fent of the peach: but nr fe: haue proued it to be without fauour at all. It yeeldeth his floures in Iune, which am of the reft moft like vnto the grade Floure de-luce. The tafte of his root is hot, bitter, and wit much tenuitie of parts, as hath been found by phyficall proofe. t 4 This Iris hath long narrow leaues like thofe of the laftdeferibed; very n . fharpe pointed, hauing novngratefull fmell ; the ftalks are fome cubit and a-n halfe in length n • fomtimes more; at the top they are diuided into z or 3 branches that haue 2 or 3 floures a pie like in fhape to the floures of the broad leafed variegated bulbous Iris ; they haue alfo a got; i fmell : the ends of the hanging-downe leaues are of a darke colour; the other parts of them are va- riegated with white, purple, or violet colour. The three other leaues that Hand vpare ofadeep violet or purple colour. The root is blackifh, {lender, hard, knotty, t 5 Narrow leafed Floure de-luce hath aninfinite number of graflie leaues much like vnto Reed, among which rife vp many ftalkcs : on the ends of the fame fpring forth two , fometime three right fweet and pleafant floures, compaift of nine leaues. Thofe three that hang downward arc greater than the reft, of a purple colour, dripped with white and yellow ; but thofe three Anal! leaues tbatappeare next, are of a purple colour without mixture.-thofe three that ftand vprighr are of an horfe-flefh colour, tipped with purple, and vnder each of thefe leaues appeare three fmall brovvne aglets like the tongue of a fmall bird. 6 The fmall graflie Floure de-luce differeth from the former in fmalnefle and in thinneffe of leaues, and in that the ftalkcs are lower than the leaues, and the floures in fhape and colour are like thofe ofthe flunking Gladdon, but much leffe. f There are many other varieties ofthe broad leafed Floure de-luces befides thefe mentio- ned by our Authoiir- as alfo of the narrow leafed, which here wee doe not intend to infiftvpov. but referre fuel) as are defirous to trouble themfelues with thefe nicities , to Claims and oth rs . Not- v.w.v ... • Lib. i. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 59 Notwithftanding I judge it not amifle to giue the figures and briefe deferiptions of fome more of the Dwarfe Floure de-luces, as alfoofoneofthe narrower leafed. 7 This therefore which we giue you in the feuenth place is Iris flore csruleo ohfoUto,&c. Lobt. lij. The leaues of this are fmall and long like thofe of the wild Bromine Floure de-luce • the root (which is not very big) hath many ftrong threds or fibres comming out of it : the ftalke ( which is fomewhat tall ) diuides it felfe into two or three branches, whereon grow floures in fhape like thofe of the other Floure de-luces, but their colour is of anouer-worne blew, or Afh colour. 8 Many are the differences of the Chamaindes Utifolia , or Broad leafed Dwarfe Floure de- luces, but their principall diftinftion is in their floures ; for fome haue flowers ofviolet or purple colour, fome of white, otherfome are variegated with yellow and purple, See. Therefore I will onely name the colour, and giue you their figure, becaufe their fhapes differ little. This eighth therefore is Chammris nivea nut Candida, White Dwarfe Iris : The ninth jChamstirislatifoliaflorcru. hello, Red floured Dwarfe Iris : The tenth, Camatris lutea. Yellow Dwarfe Iris : The eleuenth, C/j/r- m&irisvariegata, Variegated Dwarfe Iris. The leaues and ftalkes of thefe plants are vfually about a foot high ; the floures, for the bignelfe of the plants, large, and they floure betimes, as in April. And thus much I thinke may fuffice for the names and deferiptions of thefe Dwarfe varieties of Floure de-luces, The place. Thefe plants do grow in the gardens of London, among!! Herbarifts and other Loners of Plants. The nature. They floure from the end of March to the beginning of May. U The names. TheTurky Floure de-luceis called in the Turkifh tongue AlaiaSufiam, with this additament from the Italians , Fiore Belle pintate ; in Englifh, Floure de-luce. The reft of the names haue bin touched in their titles and hiftorie. T heir nature andvertues. The faculties and temperature of thefe rare and beautifull floures are referred to the othei forts of Floure de-luces, whereunto they do very well accord . There is an excellent oyle made of the floures and roots of Floure de-Juce,of each a like quan- A titie, called oleum Irinum, made after the fame manner that oyle of Rofes, Lillies, and fuch like be made : which oyle profiteth much to ftrengthen the finewes and joints,he!peth tlx: cramp pro- ceeding of repletion, and the difeafe called in Greeke Peripneumonia. TheflouresofFrenchFlourede-lucediftilledwithD/ 4 fTO»/ 2 »flWiw,andCinnamon, and the B water drunke, preuaileth greatly againft the Dropfle, as Hollenm and Gefner teftific. Chap. 4.3. Ofjlinking (jladdon. Thedefcription. S T inking Gladdonhath long narrow leaues like Iris, but fmaller, ofa darke greene colour, and being rubbed, ofa ftinking fmell very lothfome. The ftalkes are many in number, and round toward the top, out ofwhich do grow floures like the Floure de-luce, of an ouer-worne blew colour, or rather purple, with fome yellow and red ftreakes in the midft. After the floures be va- ded there come great huskes or cods, wherein is contained a red berry or feed as bigge as a peafe. The root is long, and threddy vndemeath. ^ The place. Gladdon groweth in many gardens : I haue feene it wilde in many places, as in woods and fha- dowie places neere the fea. Thetime. 1 he ftinking Gladdon Someth in Auguft, the feed whereofis ripe in September, c- , • .. . „ „ %The names. Stinking Gladdon is called in Greeke fe't, by Dicfcorides ■ andie^-V 0 by Thcophrajlus , according to Pena : in Laune Spatula feetida among the Apothecaries : it ts called alfoXyns .• in Englifh, ftin- king Gladdon, and Spurgewort. . «[J The nature. Gladdon is hot and dry in the third degree. The -vert lies. Suchis thefacultieof the roots of all the Irides before named, that being pounding they oro- A ■uoke fneefing, and purge the head : generally all the kinds haue a heating & extenuating quality. Tlx-y They are effeftuall againft the cough - they eafilv digeft and confume the groffe humors which arc hard- ly concofted : they purge choler and tough flegme: they procure fleepe, and helpe the gripings within the belly. It helpeth the Kings Euill, and Buboes in the groine, as Pliny faith. Ititbedrunke in Wine it pro- uoketh the termes, and being put in Baths for women to (it oner, itprouoketh the like effefts moft exquifit- ly. The root put in manner of a pelfarie haftneth the birth. They couer with flefh bones that be bare, being vfed in plaifters. The roots boyled foft,and vfed plai- fterwife,foften all old hard tumours, and the fvvelli'ngs of the throat called Strum* , that is, the Kings Euill; and emplaiftered with honey it draweth out broken bones. The meale thereof healeth all the rifts of the funda- ment, and the infirmities thereof called Condilomata ; and openeth Hemorrhoides. T he juice fniffed or dravvne vp into the nofe, prouoketh fneefing,and dravv- eth downe by the nofe great (lore of filthy excrements, which would fall into other parts by fecret and hidden vvaies,and conueiances of the channels. It profiteth being vfed inapeflarie, toprouoke the termes, and will caufe abortion. It preuaileth much againft all euill affeftions ofthe bred and lungs, being taken in a little fweet wine, with fome Spiknard^or in Whay with a little Mafticke. The Root of Xjris or Gladdon is of great force againft wounds and fra&ures of the head ; for it draw- erh out all thornes, ftubs, prickes, and arrow-heads, without griefe; which qualitie it effedleth (as Galen faith) by reafon of his tenuitieof parts, and of his attra&ing, drying, and digefting facultie, which chiefely confifteth in the feed or fruit, which mightily prouoketh vrine. pi The root giuen in Wine, called in phyficke Pajfum, profiteth much againft Convulfions, Rup- tures, the paine ofthe huckle bones, the ftrangury, and the flux of the belly. Where note, That whereas id's (aid that the potion aboue named ftayeth the fluxol the belly, bailing a purging qualitie ■ it muft be vnderftood that it worketh in that manner as Rhubarb arum and o dfirum do, in that they concodt and takeaway the caufeof thelaske ; othervvife no doubt it mouethvnto the ftoole, as Rheubarb,i^d farim, and the other Irides do. Hereof the Countrey people of Somerfet- fhirehaue good experience, whovfe todrinkethe decodtionof this Root. Others dotake the infufion thereof in ale or fuch like, wherewith they purge themfelues, and that vnto very good purpofe and effeft. The feed thereof mightily purgeth by vrine, as Gale n faith, and the country people hauc found it true. h a p. 44. Of (f inger. The defcriptioH. G inger is moft impatient ofthe col dnefle of thefe our Northerne Regions, as my felfe haue found by proofe , for that there hauebeene broughtvntomeat feuerall times fundry plants thereof, frefh, greene, and full of juyce,as well from the Weft Indies, as from Barbary and other places ; which hauc fprouted and budded forth greene leaues in my garden in tire heate of Sommer, but as foone as it hath been but touched with the firft (harp blaft ofWinter,ithathprefentlyperiflredbothbladeandroot. The true forme or picture hath not before this timebeenefet forth by any that hath written ; but the World hath beenedeceiued by a counterfeit figure, which the reuerend and learned Herbarift Matthias Lobell did fet forth in his Obferuations. The forme whereof notwithftandine I haue here expre(led,with the true and vn- doubted ■ \ y.V.v> \ a, \. Lib. i. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. doubted pi&urealfo, which I receiued from Lobelias his otvne hands at the imprcftion hereof, i : caufe of vvhofe former errour, as alfo the meanes whereby begot the knowledge of the true Gin- ger, may appeare by his owne words fent vnto mein Latine, which i haue here inferred. His words are thefe : How hard and vncertaine it is todefcribe in words the true proportion of Pknt-s, (hauin°- no other guide than skilfull,but yet deceitfull formes of them, fent from friends , or other meanes) they beft do know who haue deeplieft waded in this fea of Simples. About thirty yeares part or more, an honeft and expert Apothecarie fT/ftaw Dries, to fatisfie my defire, fent mefromAnt- vverpe to London the pi (Sure cf Ginger, which he held to be truly and iiuely dravvne : I my felfe gaue him credit eafily,becaufe I was nor ignorant, that there had bin often Ginger roots brought gteene, new, and full of juice, from the Indies to Antvverpe ; and further, that the fame had'bud- ded and growne in the (aid Dries Garden. But not many yeates after, I perceiued that the pidure which was fent me by my Friend was a counterfeit, and before that time had been drawne and fet forth by an old Dutch Herbarift. Therefore not buffering this error any further to fpred abroad, (which I difcouered not many yeares pad at Flufhing in Zeeland, in the Garden of William of NafTau Prince of Orange, of famous memorie, through the means of a worthy perfon, if my me- morie faile me not, called t'Wer Mi// ; at what time he opened, and loofed his firft young bud-s and (boots about the end of Sommer, refembling in leaues, and ftalkes ofa foot high, the young and tender (hoots of the common Reed, called Harundo vallatoria) I thought it conueftientto im- part thus much vnto Mafter lohn Gerard, an expert Herbarift, and Mafter of happy fuccefle in Sur- gerie , to the end he might let pofteritie know thus much, in the painefull and long laboured tra- uels which now he hath in hand, to the great good and benefit of his Countrey.The plant it felfe brought me to Middleborrough, and fet in my Garden, perifhed through the hardnelTe of the Winter. Thus much haue I fet downe, truly trandated out of his owne words in Latine though too fa- uourably by him done to the commendation of my meane skill. i Zinziberisfiela Icon. j Zin^iberis verior Icon. The feigned figure of Ginger.' The true figure of Ginger, r>. flue". - 'J’ngergro-.vetn in Spame, Barbary, in the Canary [(lands, and the Azotes,' Oilmen which wcked Domingo in the Indies, digged it vp there in fundry places wild®. 6i Of the Hiftorie of Plants. B. I. The time. Ginger flourifheth in the hot time of Sommer, and lofeth his leaues in Winter. The names . Ginger is called in Latine Zingiber and Gingiber : in Greeke^ifi^andr,,,-^ In French, 67- /Timbre. ^ The nature. Ginger heateth and drieth in the third degree. ° The vert tics. A Ginger, as Viofcorides reporteth,is right good with meate in fauces, or otherwife in conditures : for it is of an heating and digefting qualitie • it gently loofeth the belly, and is profitable for the Ilomacke and etfeftually oppofethit felfeagainft all darkneffeof the fight ; anfivering the qua- lities and eifeAs of Pepper. It is to be confuted, That canded,greene or conditcd Ginger is hot and moift in qualitie, prouoking Veneric : and being dried, it heateth and drieth in the' third degree. C h a p. 45. Of by the Greekes : by fome, according to Atmlcius, ; and in Latine it is called Acorns and Acorum ■ and in (hops, as I haue formerly faid, Calamus Aromati- cs : for they vfually take G along a major, (defcribed by me, Chap. 2 6.) for Acorns. It may befides the former names be fitly called in Englifh, The fweet Garden Flag. •> This is indeed to be the ept^a-ny^c of D iofeovides - the kxax/m* a* oF fThcophy aJIms • th*it is, the true Calamus Ardmaticus that fhould bevfed in Compofitions. f Thcnaturcofthetrue Acorns , or otir fweet garden Flag. Diofcorides faith, the roots haue an heating fucultie : Galen and Pliny do affirme, that they haue thin and fubti 11 parts, both hot and dry. T he vert ties of the fame. The decoftion of the root of Calamus drunke prouoketh vrine,hel petit the paine in the fide, li- ner, fpleene, andbreft ; convulfions, griping?, and burftings ; it eafeth and helpeth the piffing by *^ r It is of great effedt, being put inbroth, or taken in fumes througha clofc ftoole, toprouoke womens naturall accidents. The iuyee ftrained with a little honey, taketh away the dimnes of the eyes, and helpeth much againft poyfon, the hardneffe of the fpleene, and all infirmities of the blond . The root boyled in wine, ftamped and applied plaifterwife vnto the cods, doth wonderfully abate the fvvelling of the fame, and helpeth all hardneffe and colleftions of humors. The quantitie of two fcruples andanhalfe ot the root drunke in foure ounces of Muskadel,hel- peth them thatbe bruifed with grieuous beating, or falls. The root is with good fucceffe mixed in counterpoyfons. In our age it is put into Eclegma's, that is, medicines for the lungs, and efpecially when the lungs and cheft are oppreft with raw and cold humors. , . „ , t The root of this preferued is very pleafitnt to the tafte, and comfortable to the ftomacke and heart ■ fo that the Turks at Conftantinople take it filling in the morning, againft the contagion of the corrupt aire. And the Tartars haue it in fuch eftcemc, that they will not drinke Water (which is their vfuall drinke) vnleffe they haue firft fteeped fome of this root therein, f €f The choice. The beft Acorus, as Diofcorides faith, is that which is fubftantiall , and well compact , white within, not rotten, full, and well fuelling. , _ Pliny writeth, That thofe which grow in Candia arc better than thofe of Pontus, and yet thole of Candia worfe than thofe of the Eafterne countries, or thofe of England, although we haue no great quantitie thereof. The faculties of the trueCalamus out of Diofcorides . t It being taken in drinke moueth vrine ; wherefore boyled vv ith the roots of graffe or Stal- lage feeds, it helpeth fuch as are hydropick, nephritick, troubled with the ftrangune, or broiled. It moues the Courfes, either drunke or otherwife applied. Alfo the fume thereof taken by the mouth in a pipe, either alone or with dried Turpentine, helpes coughs. It is boyled alfo in baths for women, and decodlions for Glylfers : and it enters into planters and perfumes for the fmells fake, t Chap. 4.6. Of fome. Hus farrehaueldifcourfed vpon Graces, Rufltes, Spartum, Flags, and Floure de- luces : my next labour is to fetdowne for your better inftruAion, the hiftorie ot Corne,and the kindes thereof, vnder the name ofGraine; which the Latines call Gendin femina , or Bread-corne •, the Grecians, and of which wee purpofe to difeourfe. There belong to the hiftorie of Graine all fuch things as be madeofCorne, as F ar, Condrus, Alien , Tragus, Amylum,Ptifana, Polenta, OAaft, Syne or Malt, Zythum, and whatfoeuer are of that fort.There be alfo ioyned vnto them many feeds, which Thcothraftus in his eighth booke placeth among the graines • as Millet, Sorgum, Pamcke, Indian wheat, and fuch like. Galen in his firft booke of the Faculties of nourifliments, reckonet.i Lib. i. Of the Hiftory of Plants. ds vp the difeafes of Graine,as well thofe that come of thegraine it felfe degenerating , or that arc changed into fome other kinde,and made worfe through the fault of the weather, or of tire Voile ■ asalfo fuch as be cumberfome by growing among them, doe likcwife fitly fucceed the oraines’. And beginning with come, we will firftfpeake of Wheat, and deferibe it in the firfl place, be* caufe itis preferred before all other come. I T riticum fi/ica mutica. White Wheate. r The defer ipt ion. 1 His kinde ofWheate which LobeliuSj di- ftinguifhing it by the care, calleth Spied Mutica^s the mod principal of all other, whofe eares are altogether bare or naked , without awnes or chaffie beards. The ftalke rifeth from a threddy root,compafi of many firings, joynted or kneed at fundry diftances • from whence (hoot forth graffie blades and leaues like vntoRie, but broader. The plant is fo well knowne to many,and fo profitable toall, that the mcaneft andmoft ignorant need no lar- ger defeription to know the fame by. 2 The fecond kinde of Wheat, in root, ftalkes, joints, and blades, is like the precedent, differing one- Jy in care, and number of graines, whereof this kinde doth abound, hauing an care confiding of many ranks, which feemeth to make the care double or fquare.The root and graine is like the other, but not bare and na- ked, but bridled or bearded, with many fmall and lharpe eiles or awnes, not vnlike to thofe of Barley. 3 Flat Wheat is like vnto the other kindes of Wheat in leaues, ftalkes,and roots, but is bearded and bordered with rough and lharpe ailes, wherein confifts the difference. £ I know not what our Author means by this flat Wheat -, but Iconje&ure it to be the long rough eared Wheat, which hath blewifh eares when as it is ripe, in other things refembling the ordinary red wheat. % 4 The fourth kinde is like the Iaft deferibed , and thus differeth from it, in that, that this kind hath many imal ears comming forth of one great eare,& the beards hereof be fhorter than of the former kind. 5 Bright wheate is like the fecond before deferibed, and differeth from it in that, that this kind is fourc fquare, fomewhat bright and Chining, the other nor. t I thinkeitaveryfitthingtoaddeinthis placearare obferuation, of the tranfmutation of one fpecies into another, in plants ; which though it haue beene obferued of ancient times, as by Theophrafius,dc cauf. plm. lib. 3. cap. 6. whereas amongft others hee mentioneth the change of znia-Ztif Spelt into oates : and by Virgill in thefe verfes ■ Grandiafepe quihue mandauimus Horded fulcis, Infcelix Lolium, dr ficriles dominant nr erjens. That is; In furrowes where great Barley we did fow, Nothingbut Darnel and poore Oats do grow • yetnone that I haue read haue obferued, that two feuerall graines, perfect in each refpeft, did grow at any time in one care : the which I faw this yeave r 632, in an care of white Wheat, which was found by my very good Friend Matter Iohn Goody cr, a man fecond to none in his induftrie and learching of plants, nor in his iudgement or know ledge of them. This care of wheat was as large andfaireas molt are, and about the middle thereof grew three or foure perfect Oats inallrefpefts: which being hard to be found, I held very worthy of fetting downc,for fome reafons not to be in- fitted vpon in this place, p ; T heplace. Wheat grovveth almoft in all the countries of the world that are inhabited and mdnnured,arld requireth a fruitfull and fat foile, and rather Sunny and dry, than watery grounds and lhadowie : for in a dry ground (as Columella reporteth) it groweth harder and better compact : in a moift and darke foile it degenerateth fometime to be ofanorhesiinde. *! r «« The ►rt M 66 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lie. i a T riticum arijlis circumvallatnm . Bearded Wheat, or Red-Wheat. Of The time. They are raoft commonly fowen in the frill of the leate, or Autumne : fomtime in the Spring. ^1 The names. Wheat is called of the Grecians ^ , ■. of the La- tines, Triticum, and the white Wheate Siligo. Tri- ticum doth generally fignifie any kinde of Corne which is threfhed out of the earcs,and made clean by fanning or fuch ordinary meanes. The Germans call it JBeufett : in low Dutch, ^etijOC : in Italian, Grunt) : the Spaniards,Ti/yo .• the French men, Bled, ou Fourment : in England we call the firft, White- Wheat, and Flaxen Wheat. Triticum Lucidum is called Bright Wheat : Red Wheat is called in Kent, Duck-bill Wheate, and Normandy Wheat. The nature . Wheat (faith Gden) is very much vfed of men, and with greateft profit. Thofe Wheats do nou- rifh raoft which be hard, and hauc their whole fub- ftance foclofely compaft as they can fcarcely be bitafunderjforfuchdoenouril'h very much:and the contrary but little. Wheat, as it is a medicine outwardly applied, is hot in the firft degree, yet can it not mamfeftly ei- ther dry or moiften. Ithathallba certaine clarn- miheffe and flopping qualitie. ^y The vert ties. Raw Wheat, faith Biofcorides, being eaten, bree- dethvvormes in the belly : being chewed and ap- plied, it doth enre the biting of mad dogs. 4 Triticum multiflici fiica. Double eared Wheat. ~ The flourc of wheat being boyled with honey and water, or with oyle and ivater , taketh away allinflammations,orhotfwellings. r-. The bran of Wheat boyled in flrong V ineger, clen feth away feurfe and dry feales, and di ffol- ueth the beginning of all hot fvvellings, if it be laid vnto them. And boyled with the decoftion of Rue, it flaketh the fvvellings in womens brefts. D The graines ofwhite Wheat, as P/wzy writeth inhis two and twentieth booke, and feuenth chapter, being dried brown, but not burnt, and the ponder thereof mixed with white wine is good for watering eyes, if it be laid thereto. The dried ponder ofred Wheatboyled with vineger,helpeth the Ihrinkingoffinewes. The meale of Wheat mingled with the juice of Henbane, and plaifterwife applied, appeafeth inflam- s L I B. i. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 6f '5 Triticum lucidun*. Bright Wheat. inflammations, as Ignis facer, or Saint Anthonies Fire, and fuch like, flaying the flux of humors to the ioynts, which the Grecians call Rhenmatifma- ta. Pafte made of fine meale,fuch as JBookebin* ders vie, helpeth fiich as doe fpit blond , taken warme one fpoonfull at once. The branof wheat boiled in fharpe vineger, and rubbed vpon them that be feuruie and mangie,cafeth the party very much. The leauen made of Wheat hath vertue to heate anddravv outward, it refolueth,concoQ:ctb, and openeth all fwellings, bunches, tumors, and felons, being mixed with fait. The fine floure mixed with the yolke of an egge, honey, and a little fatfron, doth draw and heale byles and fuch like fores , in children and in old people,very well and quiekely.Take crums ofwheaten bread one pound and an halfe, barley rneale ? ij. Fennigreeke and Linefeed of each an eunce,the leaues of Mallowes, Violets, Dwale, Sengreene, and Cotyledon, ana one handfull : boyle them in water and oyle vntill they be ten- der : then flampe them very fmall in a ftone mor- ter,andadde thereto the yolks of three egges, oyle of Rofes, and oyle of Violets, ana 5 ij. Incor- porate them aItogether ; but if the inflammation grow to an Eryfipelas , then adde thereto the juice of Nightfhade, Plantainc, and Henbane, 3 ij. it eafethan Etyfipelas,or Saint Anthonies fire, and all inflammations very fpeedily. Slices of fine white bread laid to infule or fleepe in Rofe water, and fo applied vnto fore eyes which haue many hot humors falling into them, doth eafily defend the humour, and ceafe . the paine. rTn w ^ cat proffed forth betweene two plates of hot iron, healeth the chaps and chinks part of ^h b d Ct,an ^ t " un ^ arncnt,w '“ c ^ come of cold, making fmooth the hands,face,or any other The fame vfed as a Ballame doth excellently heale wounds, and being put among falucs guentSj it caufeth them to worke more effectually, efpecially in old vlcers. H \ K s or vn» Chap. 47. Of %c. %The defeription. T HeleafeofRiewhenit firftcommethvp, is fomewhat reddifli,aftenvard greene, as be the other graines. It growethvp with many flalks,flenderer than thofe of wheat, and longer, _ with knees or ioynts by cettaine diftances like vnto Wheat : the cares are orderly framed vp in rankes, and compafled about with fhort beards, not fharpe but blunt, which when it floureth ltandethvpright,andwhenitisfilledvpwithfceditleaneth and hangeth downward. The feed is long, blackifh, flender, and naked, which eafily falleth out of the huskes of it felfe. The roots be many, flender, and full of firings. _ The place. lue groweth very plentifully inthemoft places of Germany and Polonia,as appeareth by the great quantitie brought into England in times df dearth, and fcarcitie of come, as hapned in the yeare 15 96, and at other times, when therevvasagenerallwantofcorne,by reafonoftheabourn anceofraine that fell the yeare before; whereby great penurie enfued, as well of cartel I and ali otherynfluals,as of all manner ofgraine.lt groweth likewife very wel in moft places of England, Specially towards the Norrh, Fa The Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 6 8 Secitle. Rie, Lie. r. The time. It is for the moft past fovvcn in Autumne, and fomctimes in the Spring, which proueth to be a Graine more fubiedt to putrifa&ion than that which was fovvcn in the fall of the leafe, by rcafon the Winter doth ouertake it before it can attaine to his perfed maturitie and ripeneife. The names. Rie is called in high Dutch , ISOCfeClt t in I.ow- Dutch,l50gg6 ' in Spanifh, Centeno .- in Italian, Se- gala : in French, Scigle: which foundeth after the old Latine name which in Pliny is Secale and Farra- go, lib. 18. cap. 15. The temperature. Rie as a medicine is hotter than wheat, and more forcible in heating, wafting, and confirming away that whereto it is applied. It is of a more clammy and obftruding nature than Wheat, and harder to digeft ■ yettorufticke bodies that can well digeft it, it yeelds good nourifhment. H The vermes. Bread, or the leauen of Rie, as the Belgian Phyfitiansaffirmevpon their pradife, doth more forcibly digeft, draw, ripen, and breake all A- poftumes , Botches , and Byles , than the leuen of Wheat. Rie Meale bound to the head in a Linnen Cloath, doth affwage the long continuing paines thereof. Chap. ^.8. Of Spelt Come. <[f Thedefcription. S Pelt is like to Wheat in ftalkesand eare: itgrovvethvp with a multitude of ftalks which are kneed and joynted higher than thofe of Barley: it bringeth forth a difordered eare, for the moft part without beards. The cornes be wrapped in certaine dry huskes, fromwhich they cannot eafily be purged, and are joyned together by couples in twochaffie huskes, out of which when they be taken they are like vnto wheat cornes : it hath alfo many roots as wheat hath, where- of it is a kinde. €| The place. It grovveth in fat and fertile rnoift ground. The time. It is altered and changed into Wheat it felfc, as degenerating from bad to better, contrary to all other that do alter or change-, efpecially (as T heephrajlm faith) if itbcclenfed, and fo lbvven 4 but that not forthwith, but in the third yearc. U The names. The Grecians haue called it and f<«-. the Latines Spclta : in the Germane tongue ^vpcltj, and isjunttcltin low Dutch, Trench, Efpeautre : of moft Italians, Vina, Farra .- of the Tufcans, Biada .- of the Millanois,oxt/fa •• inEnglifh, Spelt Corne. Viofcorides maketh mention oftvvokindes of Spelt : one of which he names .va., or (ingle .-another, which brings forth two cornes ioyned together in a couple of huskes, as before in the defeription is mentioned. That Spelt which Diofcorides calls Dicoccos, is the fame that Tbeopbr.aad Galen do name Zea. The moft ancient Latines haue called Zea or Spelt aby the name of Far, as Dionyjius HalicarxaJJates doth fuf- ficiently teftifie : The old Romans (faith he) did call facred marriages by the word becaule the IB. I. Zea fiue Spelt a. Spelt Corne. Of the Hiftory of Plants. the Bride and Bridegrooms did eate ofrh.it Fa* which the Grecians do call The fame thin^ a- Jclepiades affirmed] in Galen , in his ninth Booke^ac- cording to the places affedted , writing thus 5 Far- ris quod Zea appellant that is to fa y 6 Far which is cal- led Zea, &c. And this Far is alfo named of the La- tines, Ador , Adoreum , and Semen adoratm. The temper 1 . Spelt, as Diofcorides reporteth, naurifheth more than Barley. Galen vvriteth in his Bookes of the Fa- culties offimple Medicines, Spelt is in all his tem- perature in a meane betvveene Wheat and Barley and may in vertue be referred to the kindes" of Bar- ley and Wheat, being indifferent to them both. «f[ The vertucs. The floure or meale of Spelt corne bqyled in A water with the pouderof red Saunders, and a little oyleofRofesand Lillies, vnto theformeofa Pul- tefle,and applied hot, taketh away the dwelling of the legs gotten by cold and long (landing . * Spelt (faith Turner) is common about Wetfen- B burgh in high Almanie, eight Dutchmiles on this fide Strausbourgh : and there all men vfe it for wheat ; for there groweth no wheat at all ; yet I ne- uer faw fairer and pleafanjer bread in any place in all my life, than I haue eaten there, made onely of this Spelt. The Corne is much leffe than Wheat and fomewhat (horter than Rie, but nothino- fo blacke. f ° O h a Of Starch Qome . 51 The defeription. T His other kind of Spelt a or Zea is called of the Germane Herbarifts Amyleum Frumentump r Starch corne ; and is a kinde of grain fovven to that end, or a three moneths graine, and is very like vnto wheat in ftalke and feed ; but the eare thereof is fet round about, and madevp with two ranks, with certaine beards, almoft after the man- ner of Barley, and the feed is clofed vpin chaffie huskes, and is lovven in the Spring. 51 The place. Ami! corne, or Starch corne is (bwenin Ger- manie,Polonia, Denmarke, and other thofe Ea- flerne Regions, as well to feed their cattel and pul- len i with, as alfo to make (larch ; for the which pur- pole it doth very fitly ferue. r 51 The time. It is fovven in Autumne, or the fall of the leafe and oftentimes in the Spring; and for that caufe hath beene called T rimeftre, or three months grain : lt bringethhis feed to ripenefle in the beginning of Auguft,a nd is fowen in the Low-Countries in the Spring of the yeare. 5f The names. Becaufethe Germanes haue great vfe of it to make (larch with, they do call it ^melCOItlS Wee * 3 thinks Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lib. i. thinkegoodtonameitinLatine-^wy/fwwyrwwfw^w: in Englifhit may be called Amelcorne, after the .Germane word ; and may likewile be called Starch Corne. Tragus and Fucbfius tooke it tobeTn't;r»»«(WOTe/rr,orthreemonetlis wheat ; but it may rather be referred to the Farra ; for Cf>/K 7 »c/Afpeakethofagrainecalledi r S. , • \ .. .'V. Lib. i. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. The place. They are fowen, as Columella teacheth, in ioofe and dry ground, and are well knowne ail Europe through. 1 2 The fecond is fowen commonly in fome parts of Yorke (hire and theBifliopricke ofDur- ham. 1 The firft is called ofrhe Grecians in high Dutch, d5ec(ten; in Low Dutch, in Italian, Orzo : in Spanilli, Cauda: in French,0^e in Englifh, Barley. 2 The fecond is called of the Grecians and alfo^«^. . Columella calleth it Galattcum ■ an d Hippocrates,^,^ ■■ of our Englifh Northerne people, Big, and Big Barley. Crimmon (faith Galen in his Commentaries vpon the fecond book'e-of Hippocrates his Prognofticks) is the coffer part of Barley meale being groflely ground. Malt is well knowne in England, infonjuch that the word needeth no interpretation • notwithftanding becaufe thefe Workes may chance into the hands of Strangers, that ncuer heard of fucha word, or fuch a thing, by reafon it is not euerie where made ; I thought good to lay downe a word of the making thereof. Firft, it is fteeped in water vnrill it iivell ; then is it taken from the water, and laid (as they terme it) in a Couch ; that Is, fpred vpon an euen floore the thicknefle of fome foot and an halfe ; and thus is it kept vntill it Come, that is, vntill it fend forth two or three little Brings or fangs’at the end of each Corne : then it is fpred vfually twice a day, each day thinner than other, for fome eight or ten daies fpace" vntill it be pretty dry, and then it is dried vp with the heate of the fire, and lo vfed. It is called in high Dutch, Sip alt? ' in lo,v Dutch, «^0Ut *. in Latine of later time, Maltum : which name h bor- rowed of the Germanes. Aetins a Greeke Phyfitian nameth Barley thus prepared , nr.., or Bine: The vv hich Author affirmed), That a plaifter of the meale ofMalt is profitably laid vpon the fvveliingsofthe Dropfie. Zythum , as Diodorus Siculus affirmeth, is not onely made in ,<£gypt,buc alfo in Galatia. The aire is fo cold (faith he, writing of Galatia) that the country brin°-eth forth neither wine nor oyle ; and therefore men are compelled to makea compound drinke of Barley which they call Zytlium. Diofcondes nameth one kinde of Barley drinke Zythum ; another. Cur ms. Simeon Zethi a later Grecian calleth this kind of drinke by an Arabicke name, «»' w ; in Englifh we call it Beere and Ale which is made of Barley Malt. Barley, asCa/Mwtitcthinhisbookeofthe Faculties of nourifhments, is not of the fame term perature that Wheat is ; forWheat doth manifeftly heate, but contrariwife what medicine or bread foeuer is made of Barley, isfoundtohauea certaiue force to coole and drye jn the firft degree, according to Galen in his bookeofthe faculties of Simples. Ithathalfoa little abfterfiue orcleanfing qualitie, and doth dry fomewhat more than Beane meale. the Barley meale boy led in an honied water with figges, taketh away inflammations : with Pitch, R Rofin,and Pigeons dung,it foftneth and ripeneth hard Iwellings. " With Mclilot and Poppy feeds it taketh away the paine in the fides it is a remedy againft r- vvindinefle in the guts, being applied with Linefeed, Focnugrceke,and Rue : with tarrc,wax, oyle, ■ and the vrine ofa yong boy, it doth digeft, foften, and ripe hard fivellings in the throat, called the ■ Kings Euill. Boyledwithwine, myrtles, thebarkeof the pomegranate, wilde peares, and the Ieaues of bram- D hies, it ftoppeth the laske. Further, it ferueth for Ptifana, Polenta, MtC{a, Malt, ale, and Bcerc. The making whereof if any g oedefirous tolearnc, let them reade Lobelias Aduerjaria, in the chapter of Barley. But I thinkeour London Beere-Brewers would fcorne to Icarne t° make beere of either French or Dutch, much Icflc of me that can fay nothing therein ofujineowne experience more than by the Writings of others. But I may dcliuer vnto you a Confection made thereof(as Columella did concerning fiveet wine lodden to the halfe) which is this ; Boyle ftrong ale till it come to the thickenefleofhony, ftr the forme ofan vnguent or falue, which applied to the paines of the finewes and joints (as ha- iling the propertie to abate aches and paines) may for want of better remedies be vfed for old and new fores, if it be made after this manner. Take ftrong ale two pound, one Oxe gall, and boyle them to one pound with a foft fire, conti- p nually Birring it ; adding thereto of Vineger one pound, of olibanum one ounce, floures of Camo- mil and melilot ofcacli 5 i.Rue in finepouder 5s. a little hony, and a fmall quantitie of the pouder e>t Comin feed-,boyle them all together to the forme of an vnguent,and fo apply it.There be fun- The names . Thetemperaturc. The vert ues. dry forts of Confe ftions made of Barley, as Polenta, Ptifana, made of water and husked or hulled barley, and fuch like , Polenta is the rncate made of parched Barley, which the Grecians doe pro- perly 7 Z Of the Hiiforie of Plants. L I B. i. perly call is made of parched Barley tempered with water, after Hippocrates and Xcno- phon: Cyrus hauing called his fouldiers together, exhorteth them to drinke water vv herein parched Barley hath beenefteeped, calling it by the fame name, Mazn. Hefychitis doth interpret tobe Barley meale mixed with water and oyle. . . Barley meale boy led in water with garden Nightlhade, the leauesoi garden Poppie,the pon- der of Feeniwrceke and Linefeed, and a little Hogs greafe, is good agamft all hot and burning fwellings, and preuaileth againft the Dropfie, being applied vpon the belly . Chap. 51. Uordeummdum. Naked Barley. Of ‘Barley . <]]■ The description. H i Ordeumnudum%, called Zeopyrum, and Tri- tico.Speltum , becaufe it is like to Zen , othervvife called Spelta, and is like to that which is called French Barley, whereof is made that noble drinke for ficke Folkes, called Ptifnna. The plant is altogether like into Spelt, (lining that the eares are rounder , the eiles or beards rougher and longer, and the feed or graine naked without huskes, like to wheat, thewhich in it’s yellowifh colour it fomewhat refembles. The place. $ It is fownein fundry places of Germany, for the fame vfes as Barley is. The names. It is called Hordeum Nudum, for that the Come is without huske, and refembleth Barley. InGreekeit is called zt^es,, becaufe it partici- pateth in fimilitude and nature with Zea, that is, Spelt, and Fur os, (that is) wheat. % The verities. This Barley boyled in water cooleth vnnatu- rall and hot burning choler. In vehement feuers you may adde thereto the feeds of white Poppie and Lcttufe,not onely to code, but alfo to pro- uoke fleepe. Againft the {hortneffeofthehreath, and paines of the breft, maybe added to all the forefaid, ® figs raifins of the Sunne, liquorice, and Annife feed. Being boyled in the WhayofMilke, with the leaues of Sorrell, Marigolds,and Scabious, it C quencheth third, and cooleth thehcate of the inflamed Liner , being drunke fir ft in the morning, andlafttobedward. Chap; L IB. I. Of the. Hiiforie ofPkntl Uerdcum Spurium. Wall Barley. n. 73 ;iono, 7r.d / C H.A P. 51. Of Wall ‘Barley. Thedefcription. T His kindeofvvilde Barley, called of the La- tines H or deum Spurium • is called of Pliny, Bolcus ; in Englifh, Wall Barley, Way Barley, or after old Englifh Writers, Way Ben- net. It groweth vpon mud walls and Bony pla- ces by the wayes fides : very well refembling Selfe-lovved Barley, yet the blades are rather like grafle than Barley, t This grovveth fome foot and better in height, with graffieleaues,the eare is very like that of Rie, and the corne both Incolpurandfhapeabfolutely refembles it ■, fo that it cannot be fitlief named than by calling ic wilde Rie, or Rie gralfe. f; Thevertues. Thi,s Baftard wilde Barley Ramped and ap- plie^vnto.places waiting haire, doth caufe it to grow and come forth , whereupon in old time ic was called £ijlida. ' • ■ > ■ * . • ■■ Chap. 55. Of Saint Beters fome. H Brifymmemts, S,PetersGome. - a Fejlucaiubea. Hauer Grade: M ST r $ m 74 - Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Li B. I. _ — qf Tludefcription. i . ■ ■ • i j. j T^RizaisaCorncwhofe leaucs,flalkes,andearesarelefre than Spelt; the earerefem- ' || bles our ordinary Barley, the come growing in two rowes, with awnes at the top, ^ anc l huskes vpon it not eafily to be gotten otf. In colour it much refembles barley; yet Tratrus faith it is-of a blackifh red colour. 2 This %/E.gilops in leaues and ftalkes refembles wheat or barley, and it grorves home two handfuls high, hailing a little eare or two at the top of the ftalke , wherein are inclofcd two or three feeds a little fmaller than Barley, hauing each of them his awne at his end. Thefe feeds are wrapped in a crefted filrae or skinne, out of which the awnes put themfelues forth. Matthiohts faith, That he by his owne triall hath found this tobe true, That as Lolium, which is our common Darnel, is certainly knownc to be a feed degenerate from wheat, being found for the mod part among wheat, or where wheat hath been : fo is Fefiuca a feed or grain degenerating from barley, and is found among Barley, or where barley hath beene. ' % 9\ The place. 1 Briza is fovven in fonie parts of Germany and France; and my memorie deceiues me if I haue not often times found mahy cares thereofamongft ordinarie barley, when as I liued in the further fide of Lincolnefihire, and they there called it Brant Barley. 2 This J&gihps growcs commonly amongft their Barley in Italy and other hot countries. X q[ The names. 1 triXa Monococces, after Lolelitu, is called by Tahernamntanua.Zea 'JMcmcoccos : in Englifh, Saint Peters Come, or Brant Barley. 2 Fefiuca of Narbone in France is called *>>»+ ‘ in Latine,*E gtlops Narbonenfts, according to the Gteeke : in Englifh, Hauer-graffe. The nature. They are of qualitie fomeWhat fharpe, hauing facultie to digeft. Thevertucs. A The iuice of Fefiuca mixed with Barley mealC dried, and at times of need ifioiftned with Rofe water, applied plaifterwife, healeth the difeafe called *£gilops, or Fiftula in the corner of the eye : it mollificth and difpetfeth hard lumps, .arid affwageth the fwellings in the joynts. Chap. 54.. Of Otes. *| The defeription. 1 A Vm* V efcd , Common Otes, iscalledf'c/c^,ire/ir»^ ) becaufcit isvfedinmanycoim- f \ tries to make fundry forts of bread , as in Lancafhire, where it is their chierelt bread *■ X come for lannocks, Hauer cakes, Tharffe cakes, and thofe which are called generally Oten cakes ; and for the inoft part they call the graine Hauer, whereof they do likewtfe make drink. for want ofBarley. . , , , - , 2 ^Auena Nuda is like vn to the common Otes ; differing m that, that thefe naked Otes imme- diately as they be threfhed, without hclpc of a Mill become Otcmcale fit for outvie. In confide- ration whereof in Northfolke and Southfolke they are called vnhulled and naked Otes. Some of thofe good houfe-wiues that delight not to haue any thing but from hand to mouth, according to our Englifh prouerbe, may (whiles their pot doth feeth) go to the barne, and rub forthwith their hands fiifficient for that prefent time, not willing to prouide for to morrow, according as the Scripture fpeaketh,but let the next day bring with it. qj The nature. Otes are dry and fomewhat cold of temperature, as Galen faith. f The vert ties. « CommonOtes put into a linnen bag, with alittle bay fait quilted handfomely for the fame purpofe, and made hot in a frying pan, and applied very hot, eafeth the paine in the fide called the flitch, or collicke in the belly. B I f Otes be boy led in water, and the hands or feet of fuch as haue the Serpigo or Impetigo, that is, certaine chaps, chinks, or rifts in the palmes of the hands or feet (a difeafe of great amnitie with the pocks) be holden oner the fume or fmoke thereof in fome bowle or other veflell wherein the Otes are put, and the Patient eouered with blankets to fiveat, being firft annointed with that oint- ment or vnftion vfuallv applied contra MorbnmGtllicum : it doth perfectly cure the fame in fixe times fo annointing and (wearing. 0 . Otemeale L I 1. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 75 Otemeale is good for to make a faire and vvel coloured maid to looke like a cake of tallow efpe- C dally if (he take next her ftomacke a good draught of ftrong vineger after ir. 5 F Otemeale vfedas a Gataplafme dries and moderately difcufles, and that without butmcr. for D it hath fomewhat a coole temper, with fome aftrittion, fo that it is good againft fcourings I ^iminVefca. Common Otes, i Auen uTAudul Naked Otes, Chap. Of J^ilde Otes. 7 he defer if tion. i T) Rmosfterilis, called likewife Lsfuenafatua , which the Italians do call by a very apt name u J*’ and Au, a? ca ^ a ’ (in En § Iin b Barren Otes, or wilde Otes) hath like leaues foarpehuske^m^king S eachearer nim0H ° tCS ; but thc heads are r 0 ll S her > ftar P e > man y lltde t * j J herei " alfo ano . the r kinde o£Srmos orwilde Otes, which Dodoneus calleth Fefiuca alte- m»mm7 romthe formerwildeOtesinftalkesand leaues, but the heads are thicker, and I a* j Cac 1 P ama *I ar care (as I may terine it) confiding of two rowes of iced handfom- end ^ ^ aiU 10 y ned together . being broader next the draw, and narrower as it comes toarv . „ t IT 7 he time and flace. great plenty infaoft foe ma y f° l,nc,L almoft in euery hedge •, the later is to be found it} 51 7 he names . mrn-.SS^ i. f! 1 i •' f ;- j $\ lil 11 7 <* Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lib. i. I Bromosfterilis . Wilde Otes. a Bromos alter*'. Drauke,or fmall wilde Ores,’ tg Then m ure and venues] a i It hath a drying facultie (as Diofcorides faith.) Boilc it in water together vv ith the roots vn- t ill two parts of three bo confirmed j then ftraine it out,andadde to the decoiftiona quantitie of honey equall thereto : foboile it vntill it acquire the thickneffe of thin honey. This medicine is good againft the 0 \xm and filthy vlcers of the nofe, dipping a linnen cloth therein, and putting it vp into the nofthrils fome adde thereto Aloes finely poudred, and fovfe it. B Alfo boiled in Wine with dried Rofe leaues, it is good againft a ftinkingbreath. £ Chap. 56. Of ‘Bearded JVilde Otes, *T The defers ft ion. 7T~\ Gylops Brotnoides Belgarum is a Plant indifferently partaking of the nature of vfigilops and J |~y Bromos, It is in (hew like to the naked Otes. The feed is lharpe, hairy, and fomevvhat long,andofareddilh colour, incloled in yellowilh chaffie huskes like as Otes , and may be Englilhed, Crefted or bearded Otes. Ihauefoundit often among Barley and Rie in fundry grounds. This is likewilevnprofitableandburtfull to Corne ; whereof is no mention made by the Antients worthy the noting. it <&gylops L.'vx V'. \ v - v v N A)>\> w\ V .. Of the Hiftory of Plants. L i B. I. f tsiigilof/s Bromoides . Bearded Wilde Otes. Chap. 57. Of Burnt Come . sjj The defeription. 1 T T Ordcum VfliUgo Hordcij.s that J[_' burnt or blafted Barley which is alto- gether vnprofi table and good for no- thing, an enemy vnto corne • for that in (lead of „ n eare with corne, . there is nothing elfe but blacke duft, which fpoifeth bread , or whatfoeuer is made thereof. 2 Burnt Otes, dr Vfiilago Aucnx^o'c Aiien/icex, is likewife an vnprofitable Plant, degenerating from Otes, as the other from BarIey,Rie, and Wheat. It wereinvainetomake a long harueft of.fuch euill corne, con fide ring it is not poffc'f d with one good qualitie. And therefore thus much fhall fuffice for thedefeription. 3 Burnt Rie hath no one good property in phi- ficke, appropriate either to man, birds, or bead:, an J is a hurtful! maladie to all corne where it groweth- hauing an eare in flrape like ro corne, bur in dead of graine it doth yeeld a blacke ponder or duft, which caufeth bread to looke blacke, and to haue an euill tafte: and that corne where it is, is called fmootie corne, and the thing it felfe Burnt Corne, or blafted corne. 1 Hordeum vfiumjm vftidc 2 Tpldgo Aueme* % 3 rftilago Seeding ago hgrdei. Burnt Barley. Z Burnt Otes. " Burnt Rie. i Mrfl Vi ! §HN r P : If I ki i *[j T fc defcription. 1 a Moiigthehurtfullweeds Darnell isthefirft. Itbringeth forth leaues or ftalkes like thofe of wheat or barley, yet rougher, with a long earemadevpof many little ones, euery particular one whereof containeth two or three graines lefler than thofe of wheat, fcarcely any chaffiehusketocouer them with-, by reafon whereof they are eafily fhaken out and fcattered abroad. 2 Red Darnell is likewifeanvHprofrtabIecorneorgrafle,hauing leaues like barly. The joints of theftrawor ftalkearefometimes of a reddifh colour, bearing at the top a fmall and tender eare, flat, and much in forme refembling the former. ThcpUce. They grow in fields among wheat and barley, of the corrupt and bad feed,as Galen faith,efpeci- ally in a moift and dankifh foile. . «jj The time. They fpringand flourifh with the come, and in Auguft the feed is ripe. names. 1 Darnell is called in Greeke, in the Arabian Tongue, Zizania and Sceylen : In French, T uray : in Italian, Loglio ■ in low Dutch, ©OltCfc i in Englifh,Darnell ; of fome, Iuray, and Raye: and of fome of the Latines, 7 >;<«s«w tcmulentum. 2 Red Darnell is called in Greeke or Phoenix, becaufe of the crimfon colourrin Latine, Lolium Ruhrum, and Loltum Murinum oKomeflordeum Murinum^andTriticum Murimm.-in Dutch, S^upfe COJEn t in Englifh, Red Darnell, or great Darnell Graife. Thetemperature. DarneIlishotinthethirddegrce,anddry in thefecond. Red Darnell drieth without fharpe- nc-ffe, as Galen faith. ’ • %Th Lib. i . Or the Hiftorie of Plants. 79 fy Thevertucs. The feed of Darnell, Pigeons dung, oile Oliue, and ponder of Linefeed, boiled to the forme of A a plaifter, confume wennes,hard lutnpes, and fuch like excrCfcenfes in any part of the body The new bread wherein Darnel is, eaten hot, caufeth drunkennelfe : m like manner doth beere B or ale wherein the feed is fallen, or put into the Malt; Darnell taken with red wine ftayeth the flux of the belly, and the ouermuch flowing- ofwdmens C termes. Diofcorides faith, That Darnell meale doth flay and keepe backe eating fores, Gangrenes and D putrified vlcers ; and being boyled with Radifh roots, lalt, brimftone,and vineger,it cureth fprea- ding fcabs, and dangerous tetters, called in Greeke,*a>m, and leprous or naughty feurfe. The feed of Darnell ginen in white or Rhenilhwine, prouoketh the flowers or menfes. A fume made thereof with parched barly meale,myrrb,faft'ron,and frankinfence, made in form of a pulte(fe,and applied vpon the belly, helps conception, and caufeth eafie deliuerance of child- bearing. Red Darnell (as Diofcorides miteth) being drunkc in fowre or harfli red Wine , ftdppeth the G laske, and the ouermuch fiowingofthe flowers or menfes, and is a remedie for thofe that piife in bed. The danger. Darnell hurteth the eyes,and maketh them dim, if it happen in corne either for bread or drinke: which thing Quid in his firft booke Faftorum hath mentioned, in this verfe : And hereupon it feemeth that the old prouerbe came, That fuch as ate dimme lighted ihould be faid, Lolto vitfitare. Et careant loltjs oculos vitiantibus agri. Oryza. Rice. The defertptim. J corne, but a certaine mane or plume, as Mill, or Miller, or rather like Panick. The leaues,as Pliny vvriteth, are fat and full of fubftance, like to the blades of leeks, but broader : but(ifneither the loile nor climate did alter the fame) the plants of Rice that did grow in my garden had Icaues foft and graf- lie like barly. The Moure did not fhew it felfe with me, by reafon of the iniurie of our vnfeafonable yere 1596. T lieophrafius concludeth, that it hath ajloute of a purple colour. But, faith my Author, Rice hath leaues like vnto Dogs graffe or Barley, a fmall ftraw or item full ofioynts like corne tat the top where- of grovveth a bufh or tuft farre Vnlike to barley or Darnell, garnifhed with round knobs like fmall goofeberries, wherein the Iced or graine is contai- ned : euery fuch round knob hath one fmall rough aile, taile, or beard like vnto barley hanging there- at. Anflobtdus, as Strabo reporteth, fheweth , That Rice grovves in water in Badiria, and neere Babylon, and is two yards high, and hath many cares, and brin- geth forth plenty of feed. It is reaped at the fettincr. of the feuen ftarres, and purged as Spelt and Ote? medic, or hulled as French Barley. R ice is like vnto Darnell in (hcw^asThcophra. fiua faith : it bringeth not forth an eare, like corne, but a certaine mane or plume, as Mill. 1 5 96. T heophrajius concludeth, that it hath a_floute It eroweth in the territories of the Badtrians , in the lower partof Syria, t alfo in the fortunate The place. . . l after the *; Th, •n m So Of the Hiftorie of Plants, Lib. i. ^y The time. It is fowen in the Spring in India, as Eratojlhcnes witneffetb,when it is moiftned with Sommer fhowers. t^The names. The Grecians call it »K*. or as T heophrajtus faith, w ■. the Latines keepe the Greeke word Orj- 7a : in French it is called Riz in the Germane tongue, !Stf?,and EpjS : in Engliih, Rice. ^y Thetemperature and verities. Galen faith, That all men vfe to flay the belly with this graine,being boiled after the fame man- ner that Chondrtu is. In England we vfe to make with rnilke and Rice a certaine food or pottage, which doth both meanly binde the belly, and alfo nourifh. Many other good kindesof food is made with this graine, as thofe that are skilfull in cookerie can tell. Chap. Of oSX'fillet, ^y Theplacc. It loneth light and, loofe mould, and profpercth beft in a rnoift and rainy tiine. And aha Columella, itgrowethingreateftaboundance in Campania. I haue of it yeately in my garden. «y The time. It is to be fowen in A prill and May, and not be- fore, for it ioyeth in warrne weather. The names. It is named of the Grecians, : of forne, and of Hippocrates, Pajpale , as Hermolaus faith : In Spanifh, Mijo : in Italian, Miglio •• in High-Dutch, Jin French, Millet: in Low-Dutch, I^itgjin Engliih, Mill, or Millet. ^y The temper. It is cold in the firft degree, as Galen writeth, and dry in the third, or in the later end of the le- cond, and is of a thinne fubftance. ^y Thevertues. The mealeof Mill mixed with tarreislaid to the bitings offerpents,and all venomous hearts. There is a drinke made hereof bearing the name of Sirupus Amhrofij, or Amhrofi his fyrup,which procureth (weat,and quencheth thirft,vfedin the city of Milan in Tertian agues. The receit whereof Henricm Rantjzonius in his booke of the gouernment of health fetteth downe in this man- ner : Take (faith he) ofvnhusked Milla fufficient quantitie,boiIe it till it be broken • then take fine ounces of the hot deco&ion, and adde thereto two ounces of the beft white wine, and fo giue it hot vnto the patient,being well couered with clothes, and then he will fvveat throughly. This is likewise commended by Johannes II turnout, in his booke of Pradile. Millet parched, and fo put hot into a Iinnenbag, and applied, helpes the griping patnesof the belly, or any other paine occafioned by cold. V V- V' VOvv Lib. i. Of the Hiftory of Plants. Chap. ’= and » ripe in the be- f The Hemes. ^Bkick-wheat is caUed of the high Almaines, ^ephetlCOJtt : ofthe bafe Almaines, ©UChClT nJElOt; that rs to fay. Him tnticum , or Goats wheat: of fom e,Fagi tnttcum, Beech Wheat : In 1 rC r "f ry Thcophraflus ; and by late Writers- •?«} mj, ; in Latine, Fego triticum, taken from tnetathton of the feed or fruit of the Beech tree. It is called alfo Fegopyum , tm&Tregopyrm.- In ng i n, French wheat, Bullimong, and Buck-wheat : In French, Dragee auxchetteeux^ ^ The temper. Panicke Wheat nour * Pheth IelPc tban w heat, R ic, Barky, or Otcs } yet more than either Mill or Thevertties. v. u fE u d mac *? P^he meale ofBuck-wheat is ofeafic digeftion, and fpcedily paffeth through the belly, but yeeldeth little nourishment. " ‘ 1 ‘ H Chap. 9° Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lib. i. Chap. <58. Of Qfto Wheat* l M dampy rum album. ^White Cow-wheat.’ if 3 Mekmpyrum ctruleumL Blew Cow-wheat. 4: 2 Melmpyrumpurpureum] Purple Cow -wheat. (\fwfiMAAy\i. cyp^oovv. : e- it 4 M dampy rum luteum. Yellow Cow-wheat. ;j X 7T Ehrmpyrttm growes vpright,with aftraight PyL ftalke, hauing other imall ftalkescom- ming from the fame,of a foot long. The leaues are long and narrow, and of a darke colour. On the top of the branches grow bufhy or fpikieeares full of fioures and fmall leaues mixed together, and much jagged, the whole eare refemblinga Foxe-taile. This eare SJ The defcription. Lib. I. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 9 ‘ eare beginneth to flourc below, and fovpvvard by little and little vnto the top: the finall Jeaues before the opening of the floures, and likevvife the buds of the floures, ate white of colour. Then come vp broad husks, wherein are enclofed two feeds fomewhat like wheat, but fmaller and brow- ner. The root is of a woody fubftance. t 2 3 Thefe two are like the former in ftalkes and leaues, but different in the colour ofthcir floures, the which in the one are purple, and in the other blew. Clnfius calls thefe, as. alfo the Cra- taogonon treated of in the next Chapter, by the names of Panctaria fylve/lres. ± 4 Ofthiskinde there is another called OVtclampyrum /«t£«»/,whichgrowethneere vnto the ground, with leaues not much vnlike Harts home, among which rifeth vpa fmall ftraw with an eare at the top like Alopecuros, the common Fox-taile, but ofa yellow colour. Theplace. i The firft groweth among cornc, and in pafture grounds that be fruitful! :itgroweth plenti- fully in the paftures about London. The reft are ftrangers in England. They floure in Tune and Iuly. The time. The names. Melampyrum is called of fome Trithum vaccinium : in Engliih, Cow-wheat, and Horfe-floure s in Greeke,fi.^(.»£>.: The fourth is called Melamjyrtim Intetim : in Englifh, Yellow Cow -wheat. 1 he danger. The feed ofCow Wheat raifethvp fumes, and is hot and dry of nature, which bein°- taken in meats and drinks in the manner of Darnell, troub leth the braine, cau ling drunkennefle and head- ache. Chap. 6y* Of Wilde Qo^-Wheat' 1 CraUogonon album. Wilde Cow-wheat. The deferiptitm, 1 r I ^ He firft kinde of wilde Cow-Wheat Clufrn in his Pannonick hiftory calls Parietariafylveftris , or wilde Pellito- rie : which name, according to his owne words, if itdonotfitlyanfwerthe Plant,hee knoweth not what to cal it, for that the Latines haue not giuen any name thereunto : yet becaufe fome haue fo called it,heretaineth the fame name. Notwith- flanding he referreth it vnto the kindes ofi MeUm. pyrum, or Cow-wheat, or vnto Crat&ogonon , the wilde Cow-wheat, which it doth very wel anfvver in diners points. It hatli an hairy foure fquare ftalke, very render, weake, and eafie to breake, not able to ftand vpright without the helpe of his neighbours that dwell about him, afoot high or more - whereupon do grow long thin leaues, llharp pointed, and oftentimes lightly fnipt about the edges ,of a darkc purplifti colour, fometimes greenilhjfet by couples one oppofiteagainft the other; among the which come forth two floures atoneioynt,longand hollow, fomewhat gaping like the floures of a dead nettle, at the firft of a pale yellow, and after ofa bright golden colour ; which do floure by degrees, firft afew, and then more, by meanes whereof it is long in flouring. Which being paft, there fucceed fmall cups or feed veflels,wherein is contained browne feed not vnlike to wheat. The whole plant is hairy,notdif. _ n .. r , ... „ , fering from the plant Stichwort. rherufi-r.n W1 C - ovv ' w heatis like vnto the former fauing that the leaues be narrower, and the tultofleaues more ragged. The ftalkes and leaues are ofa reddiili horfe-flelh colour. The H 2 floures pz Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lib. i. flcx’res in forme are like the other, but in colour differing ; for that the hollow part of the floure withtheheeleorfpurreisofapurpk colour, the reft of the floure yellow. The feed and veffels are like the precedent . 3 CratMgonon Euphrofmc. Eyebright Cow-wheat, *[ The defcription. kf ~ . & 'J-o '-'-f-' 1 ' 3 This kinde of vvilde Cow -wheat Taberna- montanm hath fet forth vnder the title of Odonti- tes ■ others haue taken it to be a kinde of Euphrc j- fio or Eyebright, becaufe it doth infomefort re- femb'e it,efpecially in his floures. The ftalks of this plant are fmall, woody, tough, and fquare. The leant s are indented about the edges, fharpe pointed,and in rnoft points refembling the for- mer Cow-wheat ; fo: that of neceflitie it mu ft be of the fame kinde, and not a kinde of Eyebright, as hath bcene fet downe by fome. f| The place. Thefe vvilde kindes of Cow-wheat doe grow commonly in fertile paftures,and bulky Copfcs, or low woods, and among Sufhes vpon barren heaths and fuch like places. The two firft doe grow vpon Hampfted heath necre London.among the luniper bullies and bil- berry bufhes in all the parts of the faid heath, and in eudfy part of England where I haue trauel- lett. The time. They floure from the beginning of May,to the endofAuguft. The names. I The firft is called of Lobelim, Cratxogonon : - and of Tabernamontanus , tMilium Syluaticum ,or , Wood Millet, and Alfine fyluatica , or Wood- Chickvveed. 2 Thefecond hath the fame titles: in Englifh, Wilde Cow-wheat. 3 The laft is calledby T abernamontartus, Odontites : of D odonxus, Eupkrafta altera, and Etiphroji- nc. Hippocrates called the vvilde Cow -wheat, Polycarpum, and Polycrtittm. The nature andvertues. There is not much fet downe either of the nature or vertues of thefe plants .-onelyit is repor- ted that the feeds do caufe giddinefle and drunkennelTe as Darnell doth. The feed of Cratnogonon made in fine ponder, and giuen in brothorotherwife, mightily prouo- keth Venerie. Some write, that it will likevvife caufe women to bring forth male children. -j- See the vertues attributed to Crataogonon by DiofcorUes before, Chap. 3 8 .B. Chap. 70 . Of White zJ fphodill. The kindes. H Auing finifhed the kindes of come, it follovveth to fhew vntoyou the fundry forts of Afpho- dils, whereof fome haue bulbous roots, other tuberous or knobby roots, fome of yellow colour, and fome ofmixt colours :notvvithftanding Diofcondes maketh mention butofone Afpho- dill , but Pltny fetteth downe two • which Dionyfim confirmed!, faying, That there is the male and female Afphodil. The latter age hath obferued many more befides the bulbed one, ofwhich Ga- len maketh mention. 1 Afyhodelm U The deferipion. T He white Afphodill hath many long and narrow leaues like thofe of leeks, fharpe pointed. 1 The ftalke is round, finoorh nal'prl and uri. hour lo-moo j c . — . , T / O **viimuurv tv_tiuv_o HJVv, Lliulk, ILClkSj llldipL pUlllLLU* The ftalke is round, fmooth, naked, and without leaues, two cubits high, garnifhed from the middle vpward with a number of floures ftarre-fafhion, made of fine leaues apiece, the colour white, with fomedarke purple ftreakesdrawne dovvne the backe-fide. Within the floures be certaine fmall chiues. The floures being part, there fpring vp little round heads, wherein are contained hard, blacke, and 3 fquare feeds like thofc of Buck-wheat or Stauef-acre. Thetootis compa 61 ofmany knobby roots growing out of one head, like thofe of the Peonie, full of juyee, Witha fmall bitternefle and binding tafte. 2 Branched Afphodill agreeth well with the former defeription, failing that this hath many branches or armes growing out of the ftalke, whereon the floures do grow, and the other hath not any branch at all, wherein confifteth the difference. , 3 Afphodill with the reddifh floure groweth vp in roots, ftalke, leafe, and manner of growing -f-ri C ? e P rc ce< sent, failing that the floures of this be ofa dark red color, & the others white, which r C j 1 0 , r lc difference, if there beany fuch difference, or any fuch plant at all : for I haue con- rre . vv , m any moftrexcellent men in the knowledge of plants, but none of them can giue mee ' no ' v *edge of any fuch, but tell me they haue heard it reported that fuch a one there is, 1 ° tU f a ° ’ ^ llt c . ertainI y I cannot fet downe any thing of this plant vntill I heare more to nam tlC " *° r aS ^ et * k* lle n ° crcc ^ c t0 m y Authour, which for reuerence of his perfon I forbeare r ? 77° y e!Io 'y Afphodill hath many roots growing out of one head, made of ftmdry tough, a ’ °i e P lls ycljpw fprigs,or gtoffe firings, from the which rife vp many graffy leaues, thick and n- c ’ tenc l ln g t0 fpnareneffe • among the which commethvp a ftrong thicke ftalke fet with the tvif Af^’n’ ' 3Ut * e( ^ e : v P on ^"'liich do § rcnv ftcirre-like yellow floures, , other- H 3 a AJj/hodelfts Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lib. 4 Afyhodclus litteus. Yellow Afphodill. t 5 Befides thefc there is an Afphodill which Clufius for the fmalneife calls AJj/hodelus minimus. The roots thereof are knotty and tu- berous, refembling thofc of the formerly de- feribed, but leffe: from thefe anfe fine or fixe very narrow and long leaues ; in the middeft of which growes vpaftalk of the height ofa foot, round and without branches, bearing at the top thereof a fpoke of floures,confifting of fix white leaues a piece, each of which hath a ftreake run- ning alongft it, both on theinfideand outfide, likeasthefirftdefcribed. Itfloures in the be- ;inningofIuly,whenas the reft are pad; their Joures. It lofeth the leaues in W inter, and gets new ones againe in the beginning of Aprill. $ The time and f lace. They flourein May and Iune, beginning be- low, and fo flouring vpward : and they grow na- turally in France, Italy, Spaine,and moftof them in our London Gardens. The names. Afphodill is called in Latine, Afihodelus, Al- lucum. Mucus, and Haliula Regia - in Greeke, i ■■ in Englifh, Afphodill, not Daffodil •, for Daffodill is Narcijpts , another plant differing from Afphodill. Pliny writeth, That the ftalke with the floures is called Anthericos ; and the toot, that is to fay, the bulbs AfthMus. ^ Lib. i. Of the HiTtorie of Plants, Of this Afphodill ffc/boddm Limcnfiru verm. The true Lancafhire Afphodil. c- ■ — * „ (X^/ktAdixjMnA. a cubit high. The flourcs which grow thereon from the middle to the top are very many, in lhape like totheflouresof the other ; which being paft, rhere come in place thereof little round heads or fecd-veffels, wherein the feed is contained. The roots in like man- ner are very many, long, and (lender, fmaller than thofe of the other yellow fort. Vpon the lides whereof grow forth certaine firings, by which the plant it felfe is ea- fily encreafed and multiplied . 2 There is found in thefe dayes a certaine waterie ormarifh Afphodill like vnto this laft deferibed, in ftalke and flourcs, without any difference at all. It brin- geth forth leaues of a beautifull greene fomwhat cham- fered, like to thofe of the Floure de-luce, or corne-fiag, but narrower, not full a fpan long. The ftalke is ftrait, a foot high, whereupon grow the flourcs, confifting of fixe fmall leaues : in the middle whereof come forth fmall yellow chiues or threds. The feed is very fmall, contained in long fharpe pointed cods. The root is long,ioynted,andcrecpethasgraiTe doth, with many fmall firings. $ 3 Befides the laft defcribedfwhich our Author I feare miftaking, termed (bboddm Lnncaftrix ) there is another water Afphodill, which grovves in many rotten moorifh grounds in this kingdome, and in Lancafhire isvfedbywomento die their haire of a yellowifh co- lour, and therefore by them it is termed Maiden-haire, if we may beleeue Lobcll.) This plant hath leaues of fome two inches and an halfe, or three inches long, being fomewhat broad at the bottome, and fo fharpet towards their ends. The ftalke feldome attaines to the height of a foot, and it is Imooth without any leaues thereon : the top thereof rs adorned with pretty yellow ftar-Iike floures,wher- to fucceed longifli little cods, vfually three, yet fometimes foure or flue fquare, and in thefe there is contained a fmall red feed. The root confifts onely ofa few fmall firings. $ TbcpUce. 1 The fmall yellow Afphodill groweth not of it fclfc wilde in thefe parts , notwithftanding wehauegreat plentythereofinourLondongardens. 2 The Lancafhire Afphodill groweth in rnoift and marifh places necrc vnto the Tovvne of Lancafter,ir. the moorifh grounds there, as alfoneerevnto Maudfley and Martom,two Villages not farte from thence: where it was found by a Worfhipfull and learned Gentleman, a diligent fearcherof fimples, and feruent louer of plants, M. Thomas Hcsket, who brought the plants there- of vnto me for the encreafe of my garden. . . I receiued fome plants thereof likevvife from MafterTfoww Edwards, Apothecane in Excefter, learned and skilfull in his profeffion, as alfo in the knowledge of plants.He found this Afphodill at the foot ofa hill in the Weft part of England, called Bagfhot hill,neerevnto a village of the famename. . . , $ This Afphodill figured and defetibed out of Vodorutis, and called Afthodelus Lunujtru by our Author, growes in an heath fome two miles from Bruges in Flanders, and diners other places of the Low-countries ; but whether it grow in Lancafhire or no, I can fay nothing of certaintie : but I am certaine, that which I haue deferibed in the third place grovves in many places or the Wcftof England ; and this yeare 1632, my kinde friend M. George Bowles font mee fome plants thereof, which I keepe vet stowing;. Zu^/Zalfoaffirmes this to be the Lancafhire Afphodill. ^Tbetime. They floure in May and Iune : moftofthe leaues thereof remaine greene in the Winter,if it be not extreme cold. The times. Some ofthe later Hcrbarifts thinke this yellow Afphodill to be Iph-jon of Thcophrojlus , and 4 others 1 L I B. I. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 91 others iudge it tobe Eri^ambac of the Arabians. In Latine it is called AJphodelus lutms ■ of forae it .is called BaftuhtRegu. WehaueEnglifhedit.the Spearefor a King, or final! yellow Aiphc>- dill. ' 2 The Lancafhire Afphodill is called in Ratine, Aftfadelus Lancafiria . and may likewife be Called Ajphodelus palufiris , or Pfaidoafphodelus'luteus, or the Ballard yellotv Afphodill. t 3 This is Ajphedelus minimus luteits pdtiftris Scoticus dr Lxncajlricnfis, oiLobell . and the Pfcu- doajpboddus pumihofolijs Iridis, ofe/wjJ«r,as farreas lean iudge 5 although Bauhtne didinguilheth them, t & <[[ The temperature andvertucs^ It is not yet found out vrhat vfe there is of any of them in nourifhment or medicines. ___ ; ______ Chap. 72. Of Onion !■:■ The kinder. B Ecaufe we (hall haue occafion hereafter to fpeake of certaine Cloued or Bulbed Lillies wee will in this chapter entreat onely of another kinde not bulbed which Iikewife is of two forts, differing principally in their roots : for infloures they are Lillies, but in roots Afpho- dilSj participating as it were of both, though neerer apptoching vnto Aiphodils than Lillies, 2 Lilium nonbulbofutn PhxnicciiM. x Lilium non bulhofum. "The yellow Lillie. The Day-Lillie. The defer if t ion. 1 rp He vellow Lillie hath very long fl aggie leaues, chamfered or channelled , hollow in I tSddeft 1 ke a gutter among the which rifeth vp a naked or bare ftalke, two cu- 1 bfts high, branchefl toward the tip, with fundry brittle armes "Ranches, wher^n do grow many goodly floures likeyntc ■ thofeof cornercYhuskes^r cods, rous clogs, proceeding from one head, like thole of the white p , j ji te Lil- 2 The Day-Lilliehath ftalkes and leaues like the former The flonres be ke the wh e Li lie in {hape,ofan Orenge tawny colour : of which floures muc ■ roig n ne is fullblowne or fpred inbtiefe,this plant bringeth forth in the morning his bud, w hie - • ’ ■ c becomes as rot- abroad,andthefamedayintheeueningitfhutsit felfe,andma i r ; n foule and'rainie tenandftinkingasifit had beene trodden in a dunghill a monet 1 , notbrin- weather : which is the caufe that the feed feldome followes, as in the other of ging forth any at all that I could euer obferue •, according to the old prouerbe, Soone ripe, foone rotten. His roots are like the former. jj ]( Lib. i. Of the Hillorie of Plants. 99 Theflace. Thcfe Lillies do grow in my garden, as alio in the gardens of Herbarifts, and iouers of fine and rare plants ■. but not wilde in England, as in other countries. The time. Thefe Lillie s do floure fomewhat before the other Lillies, and the yellow Lillie the fooneft The names . Diners do c all this kinde of Lillie, Liliaj}hodclus,Ltliago, and alfo Liliafirum, but moil common Vj Lihumvon hulbofum : In Englifh,Liriconfancie, and yellow Lillie. The old Herbarifts name it Hemerocallis: fortheyhaue two kindcs of ; the one a fhrub onvoody plant is wit- nefleth Theoplbrafius, in his fixrh booke of the hiftorieof Plants. Pliny fetreth downe the fame flirub among thole plants, the leauos whereof onely do feme for garlands. The lorher Bemerecallis which they Let downe, is a Floure which perifheth atninht and buddeth at the Sunne riling, according to Mttum and therefore it is fitly called that is Faire or beautifull for a day : and fo we in Englifh may rightly termc it the Day-Lillie,or Lillie for a day, «J The nature. ■ ' The nature is rather referred to the Afphodils than to Lillies, Thevertues. Die [corides faith. That the root damped with honey, and a mother peflarie made thereof with A wool!., and put vp,bringeth forth water and blond. n The leauesftamped and applied do allay hot fivellings in the dugges, after womens trauell in B childe-bearing 5 and likcwife taketh away the inflammation of the eyes. The roots and the leaues be laid with good fucceffe vpon burnings and fealdings. G Chap. 73. Of bulbed Floure deduce. $ I iris Bulkofa tail folia'. Broad leaued Bulbous Floure de-lucc,’ 2 Iris Bulhofa AngUca. Onion Floure de-Luce, IOC Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Li B. I. jhckindes. L ike as wehaue fee downe fundry forts of Floure de-luces, with flaggy leaues, and tuberous ot knobby roots, varying very notably in fundry refpefits, which we haue diftinguifhed in their proper Chapters : it refteth that in like manner we fet forth vnto your view certaine bulbous or Onion-rooted Floure deduces, which in this place do offer themfelues vnto our conlideration, whereof there be alfo fundry forts , forted into one chapter as followeth. 3 Iris Bulbofa flore varis. Changeable Floure deduce. X 4 Iris Buthofu'verficolor Volyclonos . Many branched changeable Floure deduce. 'IB. I. Of the Hiftory of Plants. *01 mon Flourede-Iuce : the which being part, there come in the place thereof lone thicke cods or feed-veffels, wherein is contained yellowiih feed of the bigneffe of a tare or fitch The root is round Iikean Onion, couered oner with certaine browne skinnes or filmes. Of this kind there are fome flue or fix varieties, caufed by the various colours of the Floures. 5 Iris Btdbofa Flore luteo cum jlore & J'eminc. 1 Yellow bulbed Floure de-luce in floure and feed. V abIe r FI e U r de ' lu “ bath leau «, (hikes, and Roots like the former, but leffer. The hlZl i J, lke T^ th \ formC ° f t lC Fl0Urc dc - lucc ’ ri:at ,s confifteth of fixe greater riahf n hr r thc r greater leaues fo!d backward and han g downward, die leffer ftand vp- f “ the middle of the leaues tbere r j ‘eth vp a yellow weir, white about the brimmes,and thrvTft 3 OU i Cr W “ h ? of thmne blew tendin S t0 a Watchet colour. Toward the ftalke thar ftan i nppC u °, Ue u W ! th a hghf purple -colour, and likevvife amongft the hollow places ofthofe r wu, P lV ght(lVh,Ch ? nnot b< ; ex P re{red in thc fignrej there is the fame faire purple colour - tneimell and fauour very fweet and pieafant. The root is Onion fafhion, or bulbous like the lour nfrl7m re * l [° anotber variegated Floure de-luce, much like this laft deferibed, in the co- Bu/drlTJ, ) b / l ’ C eaC ’ P lant produceth more branches and Floures, whence iris termed Iris B bofaver/icolorpolycloMs, Many-branched changeable Floure de-luce, $ u l cs r Zl ‘I dl , de or f ° rt there , is anotber in my Garden, which I receiued from my Brother Head ofrlfohi l x)t K ' can< -’i fn more beautiful! than the laft deferibed ; the which is dafhtouer,in fw’pr v 1 n T ° ) r 'w^cchtrt colour, with amoft pieafant gold yellow colour , of fmell exceeding lweet, with bulbed roots like thofe of the other fort. S of this th , e f e -“f thc garden of the Prince Eleftpr the Lantgraue of Heffen,one otthis forto' kmde, with white Floures, the which as yet I haue not feene. rip i.Jvfch ■ e c ‘ 0It ^ mentioned by our Author, there are ofthe narrow leaned bulbous Floure verv , irrJ 5 omc t ' v ™ c >' , ure or more varieties, which in (Rape of roots, leaues, and Floures differ red wf’ or r m ? a notbin ? at a*! ; f° tbar he which knows one of theie may prefently know the vnf ’ r uJ CK -f , auP ? “ ! s a tbin g n P more pertinent to a general! hiftorie of Plants , to infift co'onre ,,j C ^^ enta 11 'cities, than for him that writes a hiftorie of Beafts to deferibe all the * urs, and their m ixtures, in Horfes, Dogs, and the like ; I refer fitch as arc defirous to infbrmc I them- 102 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Li E. I. themfelues of thofe varieties, to fuch as haue onely and purpofely treated of Floures and their di- uerfities, as Dc-Brj, Sivcrts, and our Countreyman M. Parkinfon, who in his Paradifasterrejlris , fet forth in Englifh, Anno 1619. hath iudicioufly and exa&ly comprehended all that hathbeenc de- liuered by others in this nature. £ yf 6 Iris Bulbofa jlore cincreo. Afh-coloured Floure de-lucc. £ 7 Iris Bulbofa fore alii do ~ Whitifh Floure de-fuJfr. qy Theplace. The fecond of thefe bulbed Floure deduces growes v, ide, or of it felfe in the corne fields of * the Weft parts of England, as about Bathe and Wt i -.and thofe places adjacent 5 from whence they were firft brought into London,where they be naturalifed,and encreafe m great plenty in our The other forts do grow naturally in Spaineand Italy wilde, from whence we hauehad Plants for our London gardens, whereof they do greatly abound. ([] The time. They floure in I une and Iuly, and feldomeafter. . ' ay The names. The Bulbed Floure de-luce is callcdof Lobelias , Iris Bulbofa, and alfo Hyacmhus florc _ Iridis of fome, Hiicinthns Poctarum ■ and peraduenture it is the fame that Apulcius mentioned! in the one and twentieth Chapter, (hying. That Iris, named among the old Writers Hurts, may alfo be cal- led. and not vnproperly, Werobulbus, or Htenbulbus : as though you rtiould fay, Ins Bulbofa, or Bul- bed Ireo s . vnlc (Te you would haue , called a greater or larger Bulbe : for it is certaine, that great and huge things were called of the Antients 5 or Sacra. : in Englifh, Holy. The nature. The nature of thefe Bulbed Floure de-luces are referred to the kindes of Afphodils. • ay The •vertues. Take, faith Apulcius, of the herbe Hierobulbus fix 5. Goats fuet as much , Oile of Alcanna one A pound - mix them together, being firft ftamped in a (lone rnorter, it taketh away the paine or the Moreouer,ifavvomandovfetowafhherfacevviththcdeco( 2 ionofthe root , mixed with the B meale of Lupines ,i t forthwith cleanfeth away the freckles Sc morphew,and fuch like deformities. <* r Lib. I, Of the Hiftory of Plants. 10 $ Chap. 75* The description'. 1 OPanifh Nut hath final! graffie Ieaues likethofeof the StarresofBethlem, or Qrmthogalum ; among which rifeth vp a fmall ftalkeofhalfea foot high, garmfhed with the like Ieaues, but fhorter. The Floures grow at the top, of a skie colour, in fhape refem- bling the Floure de-luce, or common Iris • but the Ieaues that turne downe are each of them marked with a yellowifh fpot : they fade quicke- ly, and being part, there fucceed fmall cods with feeds as fmall as thofe of Turneps. The root is round, compofed of two bulbes, the one lying vpon the other as thofe of the Corne flag vfually do : and they are couered with a skinne or filme in fhape like a Net. TheBulbeis fweetintafte, and may be eaten before any other bulbed Root. 2 There is fet forth another of this kinde, fomewhat lefTer,with Floures that fmell fweeter than the former. 3 Veluet Floure de-luce hath many long fquare Ieaues, fpongeous or full of pith, trailing vpon the ground, in fhape like to the Ieaues of Ruflies : among which rifeth vp a ftalke of a foot I 2 high, Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lie. i. high, bearing at the top a Floure like the Floure de-luce. The lower Ieaues that turne downward are ofa perfe6t blacke colour, folt and fmooth as is blacke Veluet ; tke'blacknefte is welted about with grcenifh yellow , or as wee rerme it a Goofe-turd greerie ■ ofwhich colour the vppermoft Ieaues do confift : which being paft, there followeth a great knob or crefted feed vefTell of the big- n.efTe of a mans thtimbe, wherein is contained round white feed as bigge as the Fetch or tare. The root confifteth of many knobby bunches like fingers. Thefe baftard kindes of Floure de-luces are ftrangers in England, except it be among fome few- diligent Herbarifts in London, who hatte them in their gardens, where they increafe exceedingly , efpecially the laftdefcribed , which is faid to grow wilde about Conftantinople, Moreafaiid Greece: fromvvhence it hath beene tranfported into Italy, where it hath bcene taken for Hermo- daclylus , and by fome expreft. or fet forth in writing vnder the title Hcrmodaclylus ^whereas in truth it hath no femblance at all with Hermodacfylus. i 2 Thefe bulbed baftard Floure de-luces,which we haue Englifhed Spanifh Nuts, are cal- led in S paine, No^lhas ; that is, little Nuts : the lefter fort ParuaNozelha, and t Macuca wee take it to be thatkindeofnourifhing Bulbe which is named in Greekejn^v.iofAfey, Sifynrichium. t 3 Some, as Vlyjfes Aldroandtis, would haue this to be Lotichitis Prior, of liiofcor. tMatthiolus makes \tHermodaclylus verus , or the true Hermodadiill : Dodonatts and Lobell more fitly refer it to the Flourede-Iuces,andca]lit/r«r«£tT<>/a. ^ Of thefe kindes of Floure de-luces there hath beene little or nothing at all left in writing con- cerning their natures orvertues ; only the Spanifh nut is eaten at the tables of rich and delicious, nay viticais perfons, in fallads or otherwife, to procure lull and kcherie. C[ The place. «(J The time. The wilde or Baftard Floure de-luces do floure from May to the end of Iune. The names. «J The nature andvertucs. Chap. yd. Of Qorne^Flagge. I Gladiolus Narhonenfts. French Corne-Flag,or Sword-Flag, 2 Gladiolus Italian. Italian Corne-Flag,or Sword-Flag. f 4 Clad 1 Lib. I. Of the Hiftory of Plants. io? £ 4 Gladiolus Lactiftrts. no. Water Sword-Flag. fxdi_o^ - t' 1 ', A A ( The description. i r^Rench Corne-Flagge hath fmall ftifFe jp leaues, ribbed or chamfered with long nerues or finewes running through the fame, in (hape like thole of the fmall Floure de- luce, or the blade of a fword,fharpe pointed, of an ouer-worne greene colour, among the which rifeth vp a ftiffe brittle ftalke two cubits highpvhereup- on doe grow in comely order many faire purple Floures, gaping like thole of Snapdragon, or not much differing from the Fox-Gloue, called inLa- tiae Digital is. After them come round knobbie leed-veflels, full of chaffie feed, very light, of a brovvne reddifh colour. The root confifteth of twoBulbes,onefetvpon theothc-r- thevppermoft whereofin the beginning of the Spring is Jcffer, and more ful of juice ; the lower greater, but more looleandlithie, which a little while after peri- fheth. * _ : Italian Corn-Flag hath long narrow leaues with many ribbes or nerues running throuo-h the fame ; the ftalke is If life and brittle, whereupon do grow Floures orderly placed vpor. one fide of the ftalke, whereas the precedent hath his floures pla- ced on both the fides oft^ieffalkepn fhapeand co- lourliketheformer,asarealfothefoots, but fel- dome feene one aboue another, as in the former. 3 There is a third fort of Corne-Flag which agreeth with the lalf deferibed in euerie point, fa- iling thatthe Floures of this are of a pale colour, as it were betweene white, and that which we call Maidens Blufh. iviaiuens jjiuin. r * l i Sw°rd-Flag,defcribed b Y Clnfius in his Cur.PoJl. hath leaues aboutafpan long, thickc and hollow, with a partition in their middles, like aswee feeinthecodsofStocke- Gillouers aiid the like : their colour is greene, and taftc fweet, fo that they are an acceptable food to thewilde Ducks duckmgdowne to the bottome of the water; for they fometimes lie fome er warer ^ which noyv-it h Handing is ouer-topt by the ftalke, which fprings vp from amon^ thefe leaues, and beares Floures ofcolour white, larger than thofe of Stock-Gillouers, but in that hollow part that is next the ftalke they are of a blewifh colour, almoft in fhape fcfemblino- the Floures of the Corne-Flag yet not abfolutely like them. They confift of fine leaues, whereof the twovppermoft are refleftod towards the ftalke . the three other being broader hang downwards After the floures there follow round pointed vefTels filled with red feed. It floures' at the end of . Itwas found in fome places ofWeft-Frifeland, by Iohn Doriman a leimed Apothecary of Gro- p!antbefides r ° VVeS lnVvaterS whlch Ilaue pllre grauell at the bottome, and that bring for* no Cluftus , and Dortmais who fent it him, call it Gladiolus Lacujlris, oxStagnalis. | wla'rifnf 1 inN? of 9. ornc '| Fla S s g ro 'J in medowes,and in eatable grounds among come, in many 5 • , . / A as alio m the parts of France bordering thereunto. Neither are the fields of Au- r ' ? n • -c r£ ! U -^r l f hoU , t t ' 1em 3 as Goraus writeth . We haue great plenty ofthem in our London s,e pecully for thegarmfhing and decking them vp with their feemly Floures, „ r , The time. Tliey floure from May to the end of Inly. Thenqmcs. 1S I i ln Gladiolus ; and of fome, Enfts ofothers, *,*». Tongue, 10 £tgiX)lttty. The Floures of Corne-Flag are called of the Italians, Monacuccio . in Engliih, Corne-Flag, Corne-Sedge, Sword-Flag, Come Gladin : in French, Gluts. «[ The nature. The root of Corne-Flag, as Galen faith, is of force to draw, wade, or confume away, and dry, as alfo of a fub till and digefting qualitie. IT rhe vert ties. ^ The root damped with the ponder of Frankincenfe and wine, and applied,draweth forth fplin- ters and thornes that fticke fall in the flelh. g Being damped with the meale of Darnell and honied water, doth wafte and makefubtill hard lumps, nodes, and Iwellings, being emplaidred. q Some aftirme, that the vpper root prouoketh bodily lull, and the lower caufeth barrennefle. p) The vpper root drunke in water is profitable again!! that kinde of binding in children called Emerocele. £ The root of Corne-Flag damped with hogs greafe and wheaten meale,hath been found by late Pra&itioners in phyfickc and Surgerie, to be acertaine and approued remedie againd the Strum/t Scrophuhe, and fuch like dwellings in the throat. . F The cods with the feed dried and beaten into pouder,and drunk in Goats milke or A lies milke, prefently taketh away the paine of the Collicke. C h a p. 77; Of Starry Hyacinths and their tyndes. 1 HyttcmhasJle/latusFuchfij, Starry Iacinth. ^ ■■ - j: 2 Byacinthus flelhtr is albicans , The white floured ftarry Iacinth, Thtklndcs'. T Herebe likevvife bulbous or Onion rooted plants that do orderly fuccced, whereof fome ar® to be eaten, as Onions, Garlicke,Leckes, and Ciues-notwithflanding Iamiirft to entreat Lib. i. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 107 of thofebulbed roots, vvhofefaireandbeautifitUFloures are receiued for their grace and orna- ment in gardens and garlands : the firft are the Hyacinths, whereof there is found at this day di tiers forts, differing very notably in many points,as thall be declared in their feueral deferiptions t 3 Byacmhusjlcllatusbifoluis. 4 . Byncinthus ftellatus Lilifolius cum florc^ femme* Two-leaued Harry Iacinth. The Lilly leaned Harry Iacinth in floure and feed. L I B. 5 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. «>] The defcripion. 1 fT~ , He firft kinde of Iacinth hath three very fat thickebrovvne leaues, hollow like a little trough, very brittle, of the length ofa finger : among which (hoot vp fat, thick brow- nifh ftalkes, foft and very tender, and full of juyce , whereupon do grow many fmall blew Floures confiding of fix little leaues fpred abroad like aftarre. The feed is contained in fmall round bullets, which are fo ponderous or heauy that they lie trailing vpon the ground. The root is bulbous or Onion fafhion, couered with browniih feales or filmes. 2 There is alfo a white floured one of this kinde. 5 There is found another of this kinde which feldome or neuer hath more than two leaues. The roots are bulbed like the other. The Flourcs be whitifh, ftarre-fafhion, tending to blew nelle, which I receiuedofSfltoHW of Paris. J 8 Hfacinthus flelUris Sorneri. $ 9 Byncinthus Jtcttatus xflivus major. Somers ftarry Iacinth. The greater Harry Summer Iacinth. 4 This kinde of Hyacinth hath many broad leaues fpread vpon the ground, like vnto thofe of Garden Lilly, but fhorter. The ftalkes do rife out of the middeft thereof bare, naked, and very fmootb,an handfull high ; at the top whereof do grow fmall blew floures ftarre-fafhion, very like vnto the precedent. The root is thicke and full of juyce, compadt of many fcaly cloues of a yel- low colour. f There are fome tenne or eleuen varieties of ftarry Iacinths,befides thefe two mentioned by our Authour. They differ each from other either in the time of flouring (fome of them flou ring in the Spring, other fome in Sommer) in their bignefle, or the colours of their floures. The leaues of moft of them are much like to our ordinarie Iacinth, or Hare-bels , and lie fpread vpon the ground . Their floures in fhape refemble the laft deferibed, but are vfually more in number , and fbmewhat larger. The colour of moft of themareblew or purple, one of them excepted, which is of an Afli colour, and is knowneby the name of Somers his Iacinth. I thinke it not amiffe to giue you theirvfuall names, togethervvithfomeoftheir figures ; forfoyou may eafily irnpofe them truly vpon the things themfelues whenfoeuer you lhall fee them. Lib. i. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. icp 5 Hyacinthus fie liar is Byijantinus nigra radi.ce flore caruleo. The blew ftarry Iacinth of Conftantinople, with the blacke root. 6 Hyacinthus fiellatus Byifantinus major flore cxru- leo. The greater blew ftarry Iacinth of Conftanti- ple. 7 Hy Mint bus fiellatus Byzantinus alter flore boragi- nis. The other blew ftarry Iacinth of Conftantino- nople, vvithFIoures fomewhat refembling Borage. 8 Hyacinthus fteHaris eflhntsflue cxoticus Someri flore cinereo. A lh coloured ftarry Iacinth, or Somers Iacinth. 9 Hyacinthus fiellatus afituus major. The greater ftarry Sommer Iacinth. I o Hyacinthus fiellatus aftivus minor. The lefter ftarry Summer Iacinth. I I Hyacinthus ftellaris Poreti flore ctruleo finis purpureis. Berets ftarry Iacinth with blew Floures, hauino- purple ftreakes alongft their middles. ° 1 2 Hyacinthus Hifi unions fiellaris flore future earn. leo. The Spanifti ftarry Iacinth with deepc blew floures. 1 3 There is another ftarry Iacinth more large and beautifull than any of thefe before mentioned. The Ieaues are broad and notvery long, fpread vpon the ground, and in the midft of them there rifeth vp a ftalke which ; - ■ , ...rat the top beareth a great fpokeoffaire ftarry floures, which firft begin to open themfelues below, and fo fhew themfelues by little and little to the top of the ftalke. The vfuall fort hereofhath blew or purple floures. There is alfo a fort hereof which hath flefti-coloured floures , and another with white Floures : This is called Hyacinthus fiellatus Peruanus, The ftarry Iacinth of Peru. ■ S -i.'. . ' - 1 V X o Hyacinthus fiellatus aflivus minor. The lefter ftarry Summer Iacinth. X3 Hyacinthus Veruanus, Hyacinth of Peru, A .,5V «- Thole who are ftudious in varieties of Floures, and require larger deferiptions of thefe , may bane recourie to the Workes of the learned Carolus Clufms in Latine, or to M. Urkinfons Worke in Enghlh, whereThey-may haue foil fatisfatftion. } ' " : — «f Thcflace. 1 he three firft mentioned Plants grow in many places of Germany in woods and mountaines, as Fuchjius and Gefner do teftifie : In Bohemia alfo vpon diners baukes that are full of Herbes. In England no Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Li B. 1. England we cherifh mod of thefe mentioned in this place, in our gardens, onely for the beauty of their floures. The time. The three firft begin to floure in themidft of Ianuarie, and bring forth their feed in May. The other floure s in the S pring. The names. i The firft of thefe Hyacinths “is called Hyacinthus ftellatus, or Stellaris Fitchfij,o{ the ftarre-like Floures • Narcilf'ts ctruleus Bockij • of fome, Flos Martins ftellatus. , -phis by Lobell is thought to be Hyacinthus Bifoltus, o{T heophraftus : T ragus calls it Narcijfus cttruleus : and Fuchftus, Hyacinthus czruleus minor mas. Wee may call it in Englifli, The fmall two leaned ftarrie Iacinth. r , . , 4 The Lilly Hyacinth is called Hyacinthus Germamcus Liliflorus, or Germane Hyacinth, taken from the countrey where it naturally groweth wilde. $ The verities. $ The faculties of the ftarry Hyacinths are not written of by any.But the Lilly Ieaued Iacinth, (which growes naturally in ahill in Aquitaine called Hos, where the Herdmen call it Sarakug) is faid by them to caufe the heads of fuch cattell as feed thereon to fwell exceedingly, and then kils them : which fhevves it hath a maligne and poyfonous qualitie. Chf. i Chap. 78. Of zAutumne Hyacinths. 1 Hyacinthus Autumnalis minor. a Hyacinthus Autumnalis major. Small Autumne Iacinth. Great Autumne Iacinth. The deftert ftiott'. I A Vtumne Iacinth is the leaft of all the Iacinths : it hath fmall narrow gralfy leaues A\ fpread abroad vpon the ground ■ in the middeft whereof fpringeth vp a fmall naked ftalke an handfull high, fet from the middle to the top with many fmall ftarre-like blew floures, hailing certaine fmall loofechiues in the middle. The feed is blacke contained in fmall huskes : the root is bulbous. a The Lib, i. Of the Hi if one of Plants, 1 1 1 2 The great VV inter Iacinth is like vnto the precedent, in leaues, ftalkes, and floures, nor dif- fering in anyone point but in greatneffe. £ j Tothcfel thinkc it not amifle to adde another finall Hyacinth, more different from thefe laft defcribed in the time of the flouring, than in fhapc. The root of it is little, (mall white longifh,withafew fibres at the bottome ^ the leaues are finall and long like the laft defcribed The ftalke, which is fcarce an handfull high, is adorned at the top with three or foure ftarry floures ofablc'vvifh Afh colour, each iloure confiding of fix little leaues, with fix chines and their poin- tals, ofa darke blew, and a peftill in the middeft. It floures in-Aprill. £ t The greater Autumne Iacinthgrowes notvvildein^ngland,but it is to be found in forne gardens. The firft or leffergrowes wilde in diners places of England, as vponabankeby the Thames fide betweene Chelfey and London, f 1 The firft is called Hyacinthus Autumnalis minor , or the lefTer Autumne Iacinth, and Winter Iacinth. 2 The fecond, Hyacinthus Autumnalis major, the great Autumne Iacinth, or Winter Iacinth. 3 This is called by Lobdl,Byatinthusfaru,ulus Jl illaris vernits, T he finall ftarry Spring Iacinth. f 1 'Heblew Hare-bels or Englifh Iacinth is very common throughout all England. It * hath long narrow leaues leaning towards the ground, among the which fpring vp naked The f Lice. The time. They floure in the end of Auguft, and in September, and fometimes after. The names. C h a p. 79. Of the EngliJhfacinth/jr Hare-Eels. Hyatinthus Anglicns . _ ■ Englifh Hare-bels. White Englifh Hare-beh White Englifh Hare-bels The definition'. 112 Of the H lit one of Plants. L 1 B. I. or bare ftalkesloden with many hollow blew Floures,of aftrongfiveet fmcll, fomewhat fluffing the head rafter which come the coddes or round knobs, containing a great quantitie of flnafl blacke fhining feed. The root is bulbous, full of a (limy glewifh juyee, which wil feme to fet fea- thers vponarrowes in fteadof glevv, or to pafte bookes with : whereof is made the beft ftarch next vnto that of Wake-robin roots. 4 Hyacinthits Oriefltalis c&ruleus. 5 Hyacinthus Orientals Poly, tntbos. The blew Orientall Iacinth. Many flouted Orientall Iacinth. 2 The white Englilli Iacinth is altogether like vnto the precedent , failing that the leaues hereof are fomewhat broader, the Floures more open, and very white of colour. 3 There is found wilde inmany places of England, another fort, which hath Floures of a faire carnation colour, which maketh a difference from the other. There arc alfo fundry other varieties of this fort, but I thinke it vnneceflarie to infift vpon them, their difference is fo little,con(ifting not in their fhape,butin the colour of their Floures. t The blew Hare-bels grow wilde in woods, copfes, and in the borders of fields euery where tho- row England. The other two are not fo common, yet do they grow in thewoods by Colchefter in E flex, in the fields and woods by South-fleet, neere vnto Graues-end in Kent, as alfo in a piece of ground by Canturbury called the Clapper, in the fields by Bathe, about the woods by Warrington in Lan- cafhite, andother places. time . They floure from the beginning of May vnto the end of Iune. The names. 1 The firftofourEnglifh Hyacinths is called H-jac'mthas ^Anglicus, for that it is thought to grow more plentifully in England than elfewhere •, of Dgdonxut, Hyacinthas nonfirij/tus, or the re- written Iacinth. . a The fecond, Hyacinthus Bdgicus Candidas , or the Low-Countrey Hyacinth with white Floures. . . 3 This third iscalled tlyacinthus Anglian } ant Belgicus Floreincarnato , Carnation Hare- bels. f 6 Hiacinlhns ii4 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Li B. I. The Defcription. . 4 The Orientalllacinth hath great leaues, thicke, fat, and full of juyce, deepely hollowed in the middle like a trough : from the middle of thofe leaues rifeth vp a ftalke two hands high, bare without leaues, very fmooth, foft, and full of juice, loden toward the top with many faire blew Floures, hollow like a bell, greater than the Englifh Iacinth,but otherwife like them. 1 he root is great, bulbous, or Onion fafhion , couered with many fcaly reddilh filmes or pillmgs , Inch as s' The Iacinth with many Floures (for fo doth the word Polymthos import) hath very many large and broad leaues, (hort and very thicke, fat, or full of flimy juyce : from the middle whereof rife vp ft rone thicke groffe ftalkes,bare and naked, fet from the middle to the top with many blew or skie coloured F loures growing for the moft part vpon one fide of the ftalke. The root is great, thicke,and full of flimy juyce. 4 to Hyacinthus Orientate caulefoliof) Orientall Iacinth with leaues on the ftalke. t it Hyacinthus Orient dis flare fleno. The double floured Oriental Iacinth. 4: 6 There is another like the former in each refpedt, failing that the floures are wholly white on the infide, and white alfo on theoutfide,but three of the out-leaues are of a palewhitifh yellow. Thefe floures fmellfweet as the former, and the heads wherein the feeds are contained are of a lighter greene colour, t 7 There is comevnto vs from beyond the feas diners other forts, whole figures are not extant with vs ■, of which there is one like vnto the firft of thefe Oriental Iacinths, failing that the floures thereof are purple coloured ; whence it is termed Hiacinthuspitrpuro ntbetts . 8 Likewife there is another called orientdlit tilbus, differing alio from the others in colour of the floures, for that thefe are very white, and the others blew. 9 There is another called Hyacinthus Brumali/sjor winter Iacinth : it is like the others in fhape, but differed! in the time of flouring. 4 io There is another Hyacinth belonging rather to this place than any other, for that in root, leaues, floures, and feeds it refembles the firft deferibed Oriental Iacinth ;but in one refpeft it differs not onely from them, but alfo from all other Iacinths : which is, it hath a leauie ftalke, hailing fometimes one, and othervvhiles two narrow long leaues comming forth at the bottome of Lib. !. Of the Hiftory of Plants. $ iifHyacimhtis oh foie to flore H Up aniens major. Thegreater dusky floured Spanifh Iacinth, 115 t 15 Hyacinthus minor {iijpanicus. The Idler Spanifh jacinth. the fetting on of the floure. Whereupon Cln- fms calls it Hjaeintbus Oriental’s cattle foliofi That is,the Oriental Hyacinth with leaues on the ftalke. «f Of double floured Oriental Hyacinths. Of this kindred there are two or three more varieties , whereof I wil gitie you the defcrip- ttonof the mod notable, and the names of the other two 5 which, with that I fhalldeliuer of this, may ferue for fuificient defcription.The firft ofthefe (which Clttflus calls Hyacinthus 0 - rient al is Jitbvi refcente flore, or,thegreenifh flou- red double Orientall Iacinth j hath leaues, roots, and feeds like vnto the formerly defcri- bed Oriental Iacinths ; but the flouresfwher- in the difference confifts) are at the firft be- fore they be onen, gfeene, and then on the out fide next to the ftal ke of a w hitilTi blew- and theyconfiftoffix leaues whofe tips are whi- tifh,yet retaining feme manifeft greenesttben out of the midftofthe floure comes forth an- other floure confiding of three leaues ,-whitifh on their inner fid?, yet keeping the great veine* or ftreakevpon theouter fide, each floure ha- iling in the middle a few chines with blackifh pendants, Itflouresin Aprill. K 2 12 This n<5 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lib. r. 1 2 This varietieof the laftdefcribed is called Hjacinthus Orientalis florc cantlco pleno, The dou- bleblcw Orientall Iacinth 1 3 This, Hyacmthui Orientalis candtdiflimm flore plcno, The milke-white double Orientall Ia- cinth. 14 This, xvhichCluJius calls Hyacirithus obfeletior Hijpanicus, bath leaues fomewhat narrower, and more flexible than the Mufcari, with a white veine running alongft the infide of thetn:among thefe leaues there rifethvp a ftalkc of Come foot high, bearing fome fifteeneor lixteenc floures, more or leffe, in fhape much like the ordmarie Englifh , confifting of fix leaues, three Handing much out, and the other three little or nothing. Thefe floures arc of a very dusky colour, as it were mixt with purple, yellow, and greene : they haue no fmell. The feed, which is contained in trian- gular heads, is fmooth, blackejfcaly, and round. It floures in Iune. 1 5 The leffer Spanillr Hyacinth hath leaues like the Grape-floure, and fmall floures fhaped like the Orientall Iacinth, fomeare of colour blew, and other fome white. The feeds are contai- ned in three cornered feed-veffels. I haue giuen the figure of thewhitc and blew together, with their feed-veiTels. i g This Indian Iacinth with the tuberous root (faith Cliflus ) hath many long narrow fharpe pointed leaues fpread vpon the ground, being fomewhat like to thofe of Garlicke,and in the mid- deft of thefe rife vp many round firme ftalkes of fome two cubits high, and oft times higher,fome- times exceeding the thickneffe of ones little finger ; which is the reafon that oftentimes , vn leffe they be borne vp by fomething, they lie along vpon the ground. Thefe ftalkes are at certaine fpaces ingirt with leaues which end in fharpe points. Thetopsof thefe ftalkes are adorned with many white floures, fomewhat in fhape refembling thofe of the Orientall Iacinth. The roots are knotty or tuberous, with diners fibres comming out of them. $ «j The place. Thefe kindes of Iacinths haue becne brought from beyond the Seas, fome out of one countrey, and fome out of others, efpecially from the Eaft countries, whereof they tooke their names Orien - tahs. The time. They flotire from the end of Ianuarie vnto the end of April). The nature. The Hyacinths mentioned in this Chapter do lightly cleanfe and binde ; the feeds are dry in the third degree ; but the roots are dry in the firft degree, and cold in the fecond. _ Thevertues. A TheRootofHyacinthboyledin Wine and drunke,ftoppeth the belly, prouoketh vrine , and helpeth againft the venomous bitings of the field Spider. B The feed is of the fame vertue, and is of greater force in flopping the laske and bloudy fiix. Be- ing drunkc in wine it preuaileth againft the falling fickneffe. C The roots, after the opinion oiDiofcorides, being beaten and applied with white Wine, hinder or keepe backe the growth of haires. D f The feed giuen with Southerne-wood in Wine is good againft the Iaundicc. J Chap. 80. Of Faire haired Jacinth. The lOefcription. ■, « 1 fT~* He Faire haired Iacinth hath long fat leaues, hollowed alongft the infide, trough fa- I fhion, as arc moft of the Hyacinths,of a darke greene colour tending to rcdnefie.The ftalke rifeth out of the middeft of the leaues, bare and naked, folt and full of flimie juyee, which are befet round about with many fmall floures ofanouerworne purple colour : The top of the l'pikeconfiftethofa number of faire fhining purple floures, in manner ofa tuft or bufh of haires, whereofit tooke his name Comoflus , or faire haired. The feed is contained in fmall bul- lets, ofa fliining blacke colour, as are moft of thofe of the Hyacinths. The roots are bulbous or Onion faAiion, full offlimy juyee, with fome hairy threads faftned vnto rheir bottome. 2 White haired Iacinth differeth not from the precedent in roots, ftalkes,Ieaues,or feed.The floures hereof are of a darke white colour, with fome blackneffe in the hollow part of them, which fetteth forth the difference. 3 Ofthiskinde I receiued another fort from Conftantinople,refembling the firft hairy Hya- cinth very notably : but differeth in that.that this is altogether greater, as.well in leaues, roots, and floures,as alfo is of greater beauty without all comparifon. 1 H)ti- V wV>\* V v\ .. V' N V vOwx Of the Hiltorie of Plants. t 4 There are two other more beautifull haired Iacinths nourished in the- gardens of our prime FJorifts. The firft of thefe hath roots and ieaues refembling the laft defcribed : the ftalke commonly rifeth to the height of a foot, and it is diuidcd into many branches oneuery fide, which ate final! and threddy and then at the end as it were of thefe threddy branches there come forth many fmaller threds of a darke purple colour, and thefe fpread and diuaricate themfelues diners vvayes, much after the manner of the next defcribed : yet the threds are neither of fo pleafmg a colour, neither fornany in number, nor fo finely curled. This is called Hyacmtbas comofus ramofns purpureas, The faire haired branched Iacinth. 5 This is a rnoft beautiful and elegant plant, and in his Ieaues and roots he differs little from the laft defcribed ^ but his ftalke, which is as high as the former, is diuided into very many {len- der branches, which fubdiuided into great plenty of curled threads varioufly 'fpread abroad, make a very pleafant Chew. The colour alio is a light blew, and the floures vfually grow fo,that they are moft dilated at the bottome, and foftraiten by little and little after the manner of aPyramide. Thefe floures keepe their beautie long, but are fucceededby no feeds that yet could beobferned. This by Faints Columna (who firft made mention hereofin writing ) is called Hyacinthus Sanncjius panniculofacoma : By others^Hyacintbus comofus ramofns elcganttor, r X\\e. faire curld-haire Iacinth. Thefe floure in May . $ 6 Hyacintbus botryoides caruletis. Blew Grape-floure. 7 H'jacinthus botryoides Cetruleus major. Great Grape-floure. 6 The fmall Grape floure hath many long fat and weake Ieaues trailing vpon the ground, hol- low in the middle like a little trough, full of flimie juyee like the other Iacinths ; amongft which come forth thicke foft fmooth and weake ftalkes , leaning this way and that way, as not able to ftand vpright by reafon it is Surcharged with very lieauy floures on his top,confiftingof many litr tic bottle-iike blew floures, clofely thruft or packed together like a bunch of grapes, of aftrong fmell, yet not vnpleafant, fomewhat refembling the fauour of the Orange. The root is round and bulbous, fet about with infinite young clones or roots, whereby it greatly increafcth. 7 The great Grape-floure is very like vnto the fmaller of his kinde. The difference confifteth, in that this plant is altogether greater, but the Ieaues are not fo long. 8 The sky-coloured Grape-floure hath a few leanes in refpeft of the other Grape-floures,the which are fhorter, fuller of juvee, ftiffe and vpright, whereas the others traile vpon the ground. The Li B. I. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. v 9 The floures grow at the top, thruft or packt together like a buhchof Grapes, of a pfeafint bright sky colour, euery little bottle-like floure fet about the hollow entrance with fmall white f D o-s not eafietobeperceiued. The roots are like the former. 1 8 Hyacinthus Botryoides carultus major. Great Grape-floure. 9 The white Grape-floure differeth not from the sky-coloured Iacinth,but in colour of the floureifor this Iacinth is ofa pleafaut white colour tending to yellovvnes, ripped about the hollow part with White, whiter than White it felfe, otherwife there is no difference. The Place. Thefe plants are kept in gardens for the beautie of their floures, wherewith our London gardens do abound. The Time. They floure from Februarie to the end of May. 5f The Names. The Grape-floure is called Hyacinthus Botry- o'tdes , and Hyacinthus Neon corum Dodonai : of lome, But us Eficulentus, Hyacinthus fyluefiris cor . di, Hyacinthus exiguus T rags. Some ludge them to be Bulbs ix, of Pliny. t The fair chaired Iacinth deferibedin the firfi place is the Hyacinthus of Diofcorides andthe Antients .■£ % The Nature and Venues, f Tie vertices fet downe in the precedent Chap, ter properly belong to that kinds of Hyacinth which si defer ibed in the fir ft place in this Chapter. Chap. 8i. Oj Narciffus Pifanus. Italian Daffodil]. 10 T^drcifftts albus multiplex. The double white Daffodil] of Conftantinople. 12< 5 Of the Hiftorie of .Plants. Lib. i. 3 The third kind of Daffodil with the pnrple ring or circle in the middle, hath many frnall nar- row leaues, very flat, crookedly bending toward the top •, among which rifetlr vp a flender bare ftalke, atwhofetopdoth grow a faireand pleafant floure,likevntothofe before defcribed, but lef- fer, and floureth fooner, wherein Gonfifteth the difference. $ There is alfo another fomewhat leffe, and flouring fomew hat earlier than the laft defcribed. 4 This in roots, leaues, and ftalkcs differeth very little from the laft mentioned kindes ; but it bearesmany flouresvponone ftalke, the out-leaues being like the former, white, but the cup or ring in the middle of a fatfron colour, with diners yellow threds contained therein. 5 To thefe may be added another mentioned by Clufim, which differs from thefe onely in the floures • for this hath floures confiding of fix large leaup|Kiirely fpre^d abroad ? ryithin which are other fix leaues not fo large as the former, and then many 1 otfier litfflp leaues mixed with -threds comming forth of the middle. Now there are purple welts which runne betweene the firft and fe- condranke of leaues, in the floure,andfoin the reft. This floures in May jand it is Nanijp/s flene floreqttiMus,o{Clufius. f: j: I, NarciffusflorcplcHo^medioverficolore.' 14 Narcijfus totus alkus. . Double Daffodill with a diners coloured Milke white Daffodill. middle. 6 This late flouring Daffodill hath many fat thickc leaues, full of juice, among the which ri- feth vp a naked ftalke, on the top whereof groweth a fairewhite floure,hauing in the middle a ring or yellow circle. The feed groweth in knobby feed veffels. The root is bulbous or Onion fafhion. It floureth later than the others before defcribed, that is to fay, in Aprilland May. 7 The feuenth kinde of Daffodill is that fort of Narcijfui or Pnmerofe peerelefle that is molt common in our countrey gardens, generally lenowne euery where. It hath long fat and thicke leaues full ofa flimie juice ; amongwhich rifethvp abate thicke ftalke, hollow within and full of juice The floure groweth at the top, ofa yellowifh white colour, with a yellow crowne or cir- cle in themiddlej and floureth in the moneth of Aprill, and fometimes fooner. The root isbul- bous th Daffodill hat j, many'broad and thicke leaues, fat and full of juice hollow and fpongeous. The ftalkes, floures, and roots are like the former,and differeth in thar,that this plant Lib. i. Of the Hiftory of Plants. ny bringeth forth many floures vpon one ilalk,and the other fewer, and not of fo perfeft a fweet fmel but more otfen fine and huffing the head. It hath this addition, Poliant/yos, that is ofmanv floures* whereinefpeciallyconfifteth the difference. ' ' 5 9 The Italian Daffodil! is very like the former, the which to diftinguifh in words, that they may be Icnowne one from another, is impoffible. Theirfloures, leaues, and roots are like, fauin^ that the floures of this are fweeter and more in number. ‘ & I 5 Narciffm luncifolius prscox. Rufh Daffodill, or lunauilia. „ 1 6 Narciffus Iuncifolius [erotinm. Late flouring Rufh Daffodill. i° The double white Daffodill of Conftancinople was fenr into England vnto therfoht ho- nourable the Lord Treafurer, among other bulbed floures : whofe roots when they were planted in our London gardens, did bring forth beautifull floures, very white and double, with fpme yellow - nelle mixed in the middle leaues, pleafant and fweet in fmell , but iinee that time we netier could Dyany induftrieormanuringbringthem vnto flouring againe. Sothat it fhould appeare when they were difeharged of that birth or burthen which they had begotten in their owne country, and not hnding that matter, foile, or clymate to beget more floures, ‘they remaine euer fince barren and truitleffe. Befides, we found by experience, that thofe plants which in Autumne did fhooc forth leaues, did bring forth no floures at all ; and the others that appeared not vntill the Spring, T-f™ 1111 bearc their floures. The ftalks, leaues, and roots are like vnto the other kindes of i ft i" “ * S called ofthe Turks, GmlCatnmer l«le- s Thatis,Mim/^withdoublefloures.Not- withltandingwe hauereceiued from beyond the Leas, as well from the Low Countries, as alfo irom 1- ranee, another fort of greater beautie, which fromyeare to yeare doth yeeld forth moil: plealant double floures, and great encreafe of roots, very like as well in ftalkes as other parts of to plant, vnto the other forts of Daffodils. It diftererh onely in the floures, which are very dou- Dle and thicke rhruft together, as are the floures of our double Primrofe, hauing in the middle of afo f c ^' ues or welts ofa bright purple co!our,and the other mixed with yellow as , ^ 11 This alfowith double white floures, which Clufias lets forth in the fixth place, is of t c fame kinde with the laft deferibed ■ but it beares but one or two floures vpon a ftalke, whereas tne other hath many. ia This which is Clufimhh Ntrnffus florefltno i. is in roots,leaues, and ftalkes very like the h a precedent- Of the Hiftorie of Plants. precedent ; but the fioures arc compofed of fix large white out-leaues;butthc middle is filled with many faire yellow lit tie leaues much like to the double yellow wall-floure.Thc-y fmel fvveet like as the laft mentioned. 1 3 This differs from the laft mentioned onely in that it is Idle, and that the middle of the floure w ithin the yellow cup is filled with longifh narrow little leaues, as it were eroding each other. Their colour is white, but mixed with fome greeiie on the outtide, and yellow on the in- 14 ^The milke white Daffodill differeth not from the common white Daffodill,or Primrofe peerelelTe, in leaues, ftalkes, roots, or floutes, failing that the fioures of this plant hath not any other colour in the floure but white, whereas all the others are mixed with one colour or other. 4 17 Nurciffusfuncifolius Rofeolutcits. Rofe or round floured Imquili.t. ± 18 Narciffus jitneifelitts timp/o edict. Whitclunquilia with the large cup. $ ip NarciffutjuncifoUus refloats flore aUst* The white reflex Iunquilitt-. ij TheRufh Daffodill hath long, narrow, and thicke leaues, very fmoothand flexible, almoft round like Rullics, whereof it tooke his fyrname luncifolius or Rulhie. It fpringethvp in the beginning of Ianuarie, at which time alfo the fioures doe fhoot forth their buds at the top of final! rulhy ftalkes, fometinses two, and often more vpon one ftalke, made of fix final! yel- low leaues. The cup or crowne in the middle is like- wife yellow, in fhapcrefembling the other Daffodil Is, but fmaller,and of a ftrong fvveet fmcll. The root is bulbed, white within, and couered with a blacke skin orfilme. 1 6 This Rufli Daffodil is like vnto the precedent in each refpeft, failing that it is altogether Idler , and longer before it come to flouring. There is all'o a white Lib. I. Of the Hiftory of Plants. up t 17 There is alfo another Rufh Daffodill or lanqailu, with floures not ihafpe pointed but round with a little cup in the middle : the colour is yellow or elfe white. This is Lobels TUraffus jmcifehus flore rotunAn circinittiis rofeo. 18 There is alio another runquiliawhofe leaues and ftalkes are like thole of the firft deferibed Ruihy Daffodilly but the cup in the middeftof the floure is much larger. The colour of the floure is commonly white. Clufluis calls this Narcijfus 1 Juncifolius amjlo calice. 19 There are three or foure reflex lttnquilia r, whole cups hang downe,and the fixe incompaf- fing leaues turne vp or backe, whence they take their names. The floures of the firft are yellow ; thole of the lecond all white., the cup of the third is ycllow,and the reflex leaues white. The fourth hath a white cup, and yellow reflex leaues. This feemes to be Lobels Narcijfus movtanus minimus co- ronatus. 20 This is like totheordinarie Ieffer lunquilia, but that the floures are very double, confiding of many long and large leaues mixed together ■ the fhorter leaues arc obtufe,as if they were dipt off. They are wholly yellow, t r J 19 Narcijfus luncifolius reflexus minor. The Ieffer reflex lunquilia. £20 Narcijfus juncifolius multiplex . The double Iunquilia, • IV ■ ^ le P er ^ an Daffodill hath no ftalkc at all, but onely a frnall and tender foot ftalke of an inch high, fuch as the Saffron floure hath : vpon which fhort and tender ftalkdoth ftandayellow- ifh floure confifting of fix fmall leaues ; ofvvhich the three innermoft are narrower than thole on theoutfide. In the middle of the floure doth grow forth a longftile or pointall,fet about with many frnall chiues or threds. The whole floure is of anvnpleafant fmel, much like to Poppy. The leaues rifevp a little before the floure, long, fmooth, and fhining. The root is bulbed,thicke,and groffe, blackifh on the out fide, and pale within, with fome threds hanging at the lower part. 22 The Autumne Daffodil 1 bringeth forth long fmooth, glittering leaues, ofadeepegreene colour : among which rifeth vp a fhort ftalke, bearing at the top one floure and no more , refern- ling the floure of Mead Saffron or common Saffron, confiding of fixleaues of a bright fhining yellow colour; in the middle whereof ftand fix threds or chiues, and alfo a peftell or clapper yel- low likewile. The root is thickc and grolfe like vnto the precedent. $ 25 To this. Iaftmay be adioyned another which in fhape lomewhat refembles it. The L 3 leaues Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lib. i. leaues are fmooth,greene, growing ftraight vp,and almoft a fingers breadth ; among vvhicn rifeth vp a ftalke a little more than halfe a foot in height, at the'top of which grovvcth forth a yellow flonre not much vnlike that of the laft defcribed Autumne Narcifle: : it confilteth o f f ixe leaues fome inch and halfe in length, and forne halfe inch broad, iharpe pointed, the three inner leaues being fomewhat longer than the outer. There grow forth out of themiddeftofthe floure three whitilh chiueSjtipt with yellow, and a peftell inthemidft of them longer than any of them. The root confifts of many coats, with fibres comming forth of the bottome thereof like others of this kinde. It floures in Februarie. + 2 1 Narcijfus Per ficus. ThePerfian Daffodil!. * 22 Narcijpis Autumnalis major . The great Winter Daffodill, 24 Small Winter Daffodill hath a bulbous root, much like vnto the root of Rufh Daffodil, but lelfer: from the which rifeth vp a naked ftalke without leaues, on the top whereof groweth a fmall white floure with a yellow circle in the middle, fvveet in fmell, fomething fluffing the head as do the other Daffodils. The Pluce. The Daffodils with purple coronets do grow wxlde in fundry places of France,chiefly in Bour- gondie,and in Suitzerland in medowes. , TheRufh Daffodill groweth wildein fundry places of S paine, among graffe and other herbes, Diofcorides faith, That they be efpecially found vpon mountaines. Theocritus affirmeth the Daffo- dils to grow in medowes, in his nineteenth Eidjl. or twentieth, according to fome editions : where hewriteth. That thefaire ’LadicSurop/i entring with her Nymphs into the medowes, did gather the fwect fmelling Daffodils ; in thefe Verfes : A «f', (WH OUM, &C. Which we may Englifh thus : Sut when the dries were come into T he medowes flouring all in fight, T hut Wench with thefe, this Wench with t hofe Trim floures , them] clues did all delight : She with the Narcifle troodin fcnt. And jhc with Hyacinths content. Lib. i. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 1 3 1 But it is not greatly toour purpofe particularly to feeke out their places of growing wildc fee ing that we haue them all and query ot them in our London gardens, in great aboundance The common white Daffodill groweth wilde in fields and Tides of Woods in the Weftparts ofEn^- % <([ The Time. en7ofApdir f0rtIlem0ftpa ^ inChe - $PrinS ’ thatiS5fr0m thebe S innin g ofFebruarie vnto the The Perfianand Winter Daffodils do flouje in September and Odlober. $ 2 3 Narcijfus vermsfrscocior flaueflorc. The timely Spring yellow Daffodill. 24 N ar cijj'us iit umnulis miner. Small Winter Daffodill, ■ ■ /fUtC'C'cLfy i+'S S TvL*- ia-S % The Names. their names be fet forth in their feuerall titles , which may ferue for their annc-Hati ^s^^sssss 1 “ """ not bc impcni ° a ‘ 10 ‘ m “ **> ° c na ” s • - ^ JbL erfia f Da 1 fF ° dill n is Called in the Scla nonian or Turkifh tongue, Zarcmcad* Perfiana , and red Daffod If 5? m ° ft P w a11 ° ther , forCS of : Daffodils are. Notvvithftanding the double flou- floures. 1Cy namC Gt " Catamer ldc: Whlch na me they generally giue vnto all double Ch T ahce 0 rd 0 r h ll Daff ? di l Wkh rbe y eI,0lv circIe tIle y caI1 Serin that is to fay,the kings dll Snn 5 ? d a ^‘, m ’ whlch 15 » %, Camels necke,or as we do fay of a thing with long fpin. die flrmne^Long-ftanke 8 , vrging lt fr°„ 1 the long necke of the Home. ° S P OfnAv ';? 15 CaIled ^^mcUnquillias, of the fimilitude the Icaues haue with Rufhes OiD,ofcondcs BMus Vom, tonus, or Vomiting Bulbe, according to Duhum. ’ . cn f r a ya tiekindesare comprehended vnder this name Narciffus , called of the Grecians Primerofep^ ** “ Spanifll > Iauettu : in En S Iifb > Daffodilly, Daffodowndilly,and led^irh ° fth f inf f na ! g ods ’ beca n fe they that are departed and dul- ath,fhould wo, thily be crowned with a dulling floure. citthefirft and ftcond Daffodill o*«hath made mention in the third booke of his CMeUmor. phrfs. W o Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Li B. i. - — pbofis , where hee defcribeth the transformation of rhe faire boy N arcijfa into a floure of his own name ; faying;, n Nufqum corpus erat, croceum fro cerporeflorm Jmieitium,filijs medium cingentibus Mis. But as for body none remain’d ; in Bead whereof they found A yellow floure, with milke white leaues ingirting ofit round. Plim and Plutarch a&ttne, as partly hath been touched before, that their narcoticke quality was the very caufe of tlx name Narcif us, that is, a qualitie caufing fleepinellc ; which in Greekes is , or of the fifli Torpedo, called in Greeke *». which benu names the hands of them that touch him, as being hurtfull to the linewes ; and bringeth dulnefl'e to the head ? v\ htch properly belon- geth to the Narcifles,whofe fmell caufeth drowfinefle. sj The Nature. The roots of Narcififus are hot and dry in the fecond degree. ^ the Virtues . Gden frith That the roots of Narcifus haue fuch wonderfull qualities in drying, that they con- A found and slew together very great wounds, yea and fuch gaflies or cuts as happen about the veins, finewes,and tendons . They haue alfo a certaine cleanfing and attrafihng faculne B The roots of Narcifus (lamped with honey, and applied plaifterwife,helpeth them that are bur- ned with fire, and ioyneth together (inewes that are cut in funder. £ Beingvfed in manner afore(aid,it helpeth the great wrenches of the ankles, the aches ana pains °^The fame applied with hony and nettle feedhelpeth Sun burning and the morphew. _ The fame (tamped with barrowes greafe and leuen ofrie bread, hadneth to maturation hard im- poftumes, which are not chilly brought to ripenefle. i .. , r Being (lamped with the meale of Darnell and honey,itdraweth forth thomes and nubs out of * 11 The root, by 'the 'experiment of e^puleius, (lamped and drained, and giuen in drinke, helpeth the G coiiehandcollicke.andthofethatbeentredintoaptificke. The roots whether they be eaten or drunken, do moue vomit , and being mingled with Vineger ^ and nettle feed,taketh away lentiles and fpots in the face. Chap. 85. Of the Bafiard Daffodill. The Description. 1 HP He double yellow Daffodill hath fmallfmooth narrow leaues, of a darke greeneco- I lour • amaiF which rifothvp a naked hollow flalkeof tvvohands high, bearing at the 1 top l f a i re a nd beautifull yellow floure, of a pleafant fweet fmell : it flieddeth his floure but there followeth no feed at all, as it hapneth in many other double floures . Theroot is fmall bulbous, or onion fafhion, like vnto the other Daffodils, but much fmallcr. 2 5 The common yellow Daffodill or Daffodowndilly is fo well knowne to all that it needeth 110 7 V/e haue in our London gardens another fort of this common kind, which naturally growr- ethin Spaine,very like vnto our bed knowne Daffodill in fliape and proportion, but altogether fairer,greater, and ladeth longer before the floure doth fall or fade ± 4 This hath leaues and roots like the laft deferibed, but fomewhat leue • the floure alio is in drape not vnlike that of the precedent, but IefTe, growing vpon a weake (lender greene dalke, offome fingers length : the feed is contained in three cornered,yet almoft round heads. The root is finall,bulbous,andblackeon theoutfide. . s This hath a lonmfh bulbous root,fomwhat blacke on the outfide,From which rife vp leaues not fo long norbroad as thofe of the laddefcribed : in themidd of thefe leaues fpnngs vp a da lk, (lender and Come halfe foot in height ; at the top ofwhich, forth of a whitifh filme,breakes forth a floure like in fliape to the common Daffodill, but lefle,and wholly white, with the bran of the cup Welted about. It floures in Aprill,and ripens the feeds in Iune. t r The Place. The double yellow Daffodill I receiued from Robinus of Paris, which he procured by meanes of friends from Orleance and other parts of France. ine L I B. 1. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. * 3 * I PfeKclonurciffns lutein multiplex. Double yellow Daffodill. $ 3 Pftuifo»*rei(fus Uifyimicus". The Spamih yellow Daffodill 2 Pfcudonarciflus Anglicus . Common yellow'Daffodill. ^J s C(\axjJ^S l/ 'S ( ct n . J 4 Pfcudontrciffus minor HiJ]> aniens , Theleffer Spanifh Daffodill. ■ Off J j ll The L 1 B. I Of the Hiftorie of Plants. $ 5 Pfeudonarciffus Moflore. White Ballard Daffodill. The yellow Englifh Daffodil! groweth alraoft eue- riewhcre through England. Theyellovv Spanifh Daf- fodill doth likevvife decke vp our London Gardens, where they increafe infinitely. II The time. The double Daffodill fendeth forth his leaues in the beginning of Februarie,and his floures in April!. The Names. The firft is called Pfeudonarciffus multiplex , and Nar- cijfus lutcus Polyanthos : in Englifh, the double yellow Daffodill, or Narciffus. The common fort are called in Dutch , d5peJ ^pojcjtel bloemcntin Englifh, yellow Daffodill, Daffodilly, and Daffodowndilly. The Temperature. The temperature is referred vnto the kindcs of Nar- ciffus. ThcVertucs. Touching thevertues hereof, it is found our by ex- periment of l'ome-of the later Phyfitians, that the de- cod ion of the roots of this yellow Daffodill do purge by fiege tough and flegmaticke humors, and alfo wa- terifh, and is good for them that arc full of raw hu- mors, efpecially if there be added thereto a little anile feed and ginger, which will corred the, churlifh hard- nelfe of the working. The diftilled water of Daffodils doth cure the Pal- fie,ifthe Patient be bathed and rubbed with the fiiyd liquor by the fire. It hath beene proued by an efpeci- all and trufty Friend of myne, a man learned, and a di- ligent fearchcr of nature, Ni.Nichoias Belfonfotattimes ofKings Colledge in Cambridge. Chap. 8 6. Of diuers other ‘Daffodils or Ufarcffes. T Herearebefidestheforementioned forts of Daffodils, fundry others, fomeofwhich may be referred to them •, other fome not. I do not intend an exact enumeration of them, it being a thing not fo fitting for a hiftorie ofPlants,as.for aFlorilegie,_or bookeof floures. Now thofc that require all their figures, and more exaft deferiptions, may finde fatisfaition in the late Worke of my kinde friend M John Parkrnfen, which is intitled Paradifus terreftris ; for in other Flo- rilegies, as in thatof.De Bry,Sivertz,Sic. you haue barely the names and figures, but in this are both figures, and an exaft hiftorie or declaration of them. Therefore I in this place will but onely bric-fely deferibe and name fome of the rareft that are preferued in our choice gardens, and a few others whereof yet they are not poffeft. The Deferiptions. l The firft of thefe, which for the largenefle is called Nonpar eille , hath long broad leaues and roots like the other Daffodils. The flourc confifts of fix very large leaues of a pale yellow colour, with a very large cup, but not very long : this cup is yellower than the incompaffing leaues, narro- wer alfo at the bottome than at the top, and vneuenly cut about the edges. This is called Narcif- fus omnium maximm, or Non par eille • the figure well ex preffeth the floure, but that it is fomewhat too little. There is a varietie of this w ith the open leaues & cup both yellow, which makes the dif- ference. There is alfo another Non pareille, whoCe floures are all white,and the fix leaues thatftand fpred abroad arevfually a little folded, or turned in at their ends. 2 Befides thefe former there are foure or fiue double yellow Daffodils, which I cannot pafle oner in filence - the firft is that, which is vulgarly amongft Florifts knowne by the name of Robines Narciffe Lib. i. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. W Narci fie ; and it may be was the fame our Author in the precedent chapter mentions he receuied from Robtne • but he gluing the figure of another, and a defcription not well fitting this I can af- firme nothing of certaintie. fhisdouble NarcifTe of Robine growes with a ftalke fome footin height, and the floure is very double, ofa pale yellow colour, and it feemes commonly to diuide it felfe into fome fix partitions, the leaues of the floure lying one vpon another euen to the middle of the floure. This may be called Narciffius palltdus multiplex Robini , Robines double pale Narcifl'c t I Narcijfus omnium tnaximus. The Nonpareilk Daffodil!. £ 3 Pfeudonarciffus flore plena. ThedoubleyellowDaffoJiH.^^ . .. 3 The next to this is that which from our Author,the firft obferuer thereof,is vulgarly called Gerrards NarcifTe : the leaues and rootdo not much differ from the ordinarie DaffodiTl • the ftalk is fcarce a foot high, bearing at the top thereof a floure very double ; the fixe outmoft leaues are of the fame yellow colour as the ordinarie one is ; thofe that are next are commonly as deepe as the tube or trunke of the Angle one, and amongff them are mixed alfo other paler coloured leaues, with fome green ft ripes here & there among thofe leaues:thefe floures are fomtimes all contained’ an a trunk like that ofthe Angle one, the Axeout-Ieaues excepted : other whiles this inclofure is broke, and then the floure ft ands faire open like as that of the laft defcribed . Lobcl in the fecond part of his Aducrfaria tells, That our Author Matter Gerrard found this in WilttTiire, growing in hhnfhad dv It P °° re ° Id woman > illwhicl1 P Iace former ty a Cunning man(as they vulgarly terme doidr Ie ? NmcHT Caded ^ LatinC ’ accordin § t0 thc Englifli, Narcijfus multiplex Gerardt , Gerrards The figure me hercgwc yoi is exprcjjed fimcwhat toe tall, and the floure is not alteoctbcr Codouble as it ought to be. ° ’ 4 There are alfo two or three double yellow Daffodils yet remaining. The firft of thefe is cal- led Wtlmots NarcifTe, (from Matter Wilmotft ate of Bow) and this hath a very faire double & lar^e yellow floure compofedofdeeperand paler yellow leaues orderly mixed. The fecond (which is called Tradficams NarcifTe, from Matter Iohn Tradefcam of South-Lam- eth) is the largcft and ftateheft of all the reft 5 in the largenefl’e of the floures it exceeds Wilmots, w inch otherwife it much refembles^fome of the leaues whereof the floure conflfts are fharp poin- ted, Of the Biftorie of Plants. L I E. I 156 ted, and thefe are of a paler colour ; other fome are much more obtufe, and thefe are of a deeper and fairer yellow. _ r _ .... This maybe called Narciffua Rofetts Tradefcanti,Tr^f/e 4 »f/ Rofe Daffodil!. The third M. Parkmfon challenged to himfelfe ■, which is a fioure tobe refpe various double Narciife. 5 N arc :« Rulh-fcad t 7 iV arciffus montmusjimcifoliusflorc fimbriato. The mountaine Rufh leaned Narcifle with an indented or curled cup. $ 8 Nan iffu s omnium minimus mont si- nus albus. The leaft mountaine white Nar- , 8 fl Th f. eau . es o^this areas fmall as the Autumne Iacinth, the ftalke fome handfoll high an d the floure like the laft defenbed, but it is of a whitifo colour. Lobell calls this laft deferibe^ Nar- *(fus omnmmmmtmus morn anus albus. The leaft mountaine white Narciffe. Thefe three laft vfually c HAP. 87 . Of Tulip a > or the Valmatian (Jap. «j IheKindes. tlle D , aImat ' a , n Ca P 1S a ft range and forreine floure, one of the number Of thebul Md DaTSlTH?! a re . r fLmdr K y f “ ts ’ fome § reater ’ fome ktfer,*ith which all ftudious of J f 11 Herbanfts defire to be better acquainted, becaufe of that excellent diuerfitie „ “ °J ? braL 6 Rn T Wh ‘ch « be ««h. Of this there be two chiefe and general! kindes “ another^ fort' Sfcd ^ k' S floures , 1 :in } d Y > che other laKr - To thefe two we willadde their heads all otLSt’ bc f re u ne both th e others. And from thefe three forts, as from mv loninrrf ■ a m 7 d ' S d ° P roceed > which are almoft infinite in number. Notwithftandin°- In h n s T , M ‘ a curious fearcher of Simples, and learned ApothlcallS feed’s andh* aktn t0 fillclc if. it were polfible, the infinite forts, by diligent flowing of their feeds, qnd by planting thole of his owne propagation, and by others ’receiued from fo S g Friends ^ beyond 140 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. ■^9 m tti 1 «! Li E. I. beyond the feas for the fpace of twenty yeates, not being yet able to attaine to the end of his tra- iled, for that each new yeare bringeth forth new plants of fundry colours, not before feene : all which to defcribe particularly were to roll Siftphm done, or number the fands.So that it fhall fuf fice to fpeake of and defcribe a few, referring the reft to fome that meane to write of T ulipti a par- ticular volume. $ $ Tulipa purpurea. The purple Tulip. £ to Tulifttriibrnttmctlrijlinii, The bright red Tulip. r\>. m «U ThcDcfcription. 1 r~Y~''i\e.T aiKi coucred withaf 3 We hauchkewife m our London gardens another fort, like vnto the other wilde Saffrons in 15 <5 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Li B. I. f iz Crocus vermis latifolius flortfttrpttreo. Broad leaued Spring Saffron with the purple floure. $ 14 Crocus verrms hiifolius florefiuuo- vario duplies. Broad leaued Spring Saffron with a double floure yellow & ftreaked. J r 3 Crocus 'vernus flore cinerco Jlriato. Spring Saffron with an Afh-co- loured ftreaked floure. in euery point, failing that this hath floures of a moil perfeft fhinihg yellow colour, feeming a far off to be a hot glowingcole of fire, which maketh the difference. 4 There is found among Herbarifts ano- ther fort, not differing from the others, fauing that this hath white floures,contrarie to all the reft. 5 Loners 'of Plants haue gotten into their gardens one forthereofwith purple or Violet coloured floures, in other refpefts like vnto the other. 6 Of thefe we haue another that floureth in the fall of the leafe, with floures like to the common Saffron, but deftitute of thofe chiues which yeeld the colour, fmell, or tafte that the right manured Saffron hath. t 7 And of this laftkinde there is ano- ther with broader leaues, and the floure alfo is larger, with the leaues thereof not fo fharpe pointed, but more round ; the colour being at the firft whitifh, but afterwards intermixt with fomeblewneffe. f 8 There is alfo another of Autumne wild Saffrons with white floures, which fets forth the diftindlion. Many forts there are in our gardens befides thofe before fpecified, which I thought need- lefle to entreat of,becaufe their vfe is not great, t Therefore I will only giue the figures and names of fome of the chiefe ofthem, and refer fuch as delight to fee or pleafe themfelues with the varieties ( for they are no fpecificke differences) of thefe plants, to the gardens and the bookes of Florifts , who are onely the preferuers and admirers of thefe varieties, not fought after for any vfe but delight, i Lib. i. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. M7 The Place. Ail rhefewilde Saffrons we haue growing in onr London Gardens. Thofe which doe ffonm in Autnmne do grow vpon ccrtaine craggy rockes in Portugal!, not far from the fea fide The other haue been Cent oner vnto vs, ferae our of Italy, and fome out of Spainc,by the labour and dili™ of that notable learned Herbanft Carolus Cluj! us ■ out of whofe Obferuations, and partly bf fee ing them in our ovvne gardens, we haue fet downe their deferiptions . f s y c- That pleafant plant that bringeth forth yellow floures was fent vnto me from Rtbimu of Paris that painfull and rnoft curious fearcher of Simples. ' 5 «([ The T ime. flourethin'sepKmber m ° ft ^ “ IanUarie “ d Februarie 5 that ofthc mountain excepted, which f Tfo Names. All rhefe Saffrons are u nprofitable, and therefore they be truly faid to be Croc, fjlue fires or wild Saffrons : m Enghfh, Spring Saffrons, and vernall Saffrons . " J 5 . ThcTcmpcrature and Fertucs . them inPli'yfick'r We Ilaue nocIlin S t0 ^t downe, for thap p yet there is no knowne vft of Chap. pi. Of eSMfedo\\> Sajfron. ' The Kinder. T flourS Sfo ‘n r ft ° fMed ° w Saffrons differing very notably as well in the colour of their Ckred ’ ftature and CoL!n trey, from whence they had their being, as frail be dc- I Colchicum Anglicum Purpureum. Purple Englifh Medow Saffron: Co ajexA ay \ I Colchicum i^ingliium album, _ White Englifh Medow Saffron. 158 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Li B. !. The Dcfcription. i X TTEdow Saffron hath three or fottre leaues riftng immediately forth of the ground, VI long broad, fmooth, fat, much like to the leaues of the white Lilly in forme and v fmoothnelfe • in the middle whereof fpringvp three or foure thicke cods of the big- nefle of a fmall Wall-nut, (landing vpon fhort tender foot-ftalkes three fquare, and opening thein- felues when they be ripe, full offeedfomething round afld of a blackiih red colour .-and when this feed is ripe, the leaues together with the ftalkes doe fade and fall away In September the floures bud forth, before any leaues appeare,flandingvpon fhort tender and whitifh (femmes, like in forme and colour to the floures of Saffron, hauing in the middle fmall chiues or threads of a pale yellow colour, altogether vnfit for meat or medicine. The toot is round or bulbous, (harper at the one end than at the other, flat on the one fide, hauing a deepe clift or furrow in the fame flat fide when it floureth, and not at any time elfe : it is coined with blackifli coats or filmes •, it fen- deth downevnto the loweft part certaine firings or threds The root it felfe is full ofa white fub- llance yeeldinga iuyee like milke,whileft it is greenc and newly digged out of the earth. It is in tafte fweet, with a little bitternelTe following, which draweth water out of the mouth. 3 Colchiam Pdmonicum florens & fineflore. Hungary medc Saffron with and without Flourc. 2 The fecond kindc of Mede Saffron is like the precedent, differing onely in the co our of the floures, for that this plant doth bring forth white leaues, which of fome hath beene taken lor the true Herdfaffylus - but in fo doing they haue committed the greater error. ; Thcfe two figures expreffe both but one and the felfe fame plant, which is diftinguifhed bccaufe it r.euerbeareth floures and leaues both at one time. So that the firft figure lets it forth when it is in leaues and feed, and the other when it floureth ; and therefore one description ibatl fuffice for them both . In the Spring ofthe yeare it bringeth forth his leaues, thicke, fat ihming, and fmooth, not vnl ike the leaues of Lillies, which do continue greene vnto the end of lune^at which time the leaues do wither away ,but in thebeginningof September there fhoorc t l ort t ° the ground naked milke wljite floures without any greene leafe at all : but fo foone as t te ant hath done bearing of floures, the root remaines in the ground, not fending forth any thing vnn Febrtiarie in the yearc following. Lib. i. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. l ')9 ipt r "‘ l in “ . t 4 The fmall medow Saffron hath three or foure thicke fat Ieaues narrower than an? of the reft. The floure appeareth in the fall of the leafe, in fhape, colour, and manner of growing like c common mede Saffron, but of a more reddifh purple colour, and altogether lefler. The Ieaues 1! | /fli trane 1< a c 1C natLlre t ^ ef ' c plants, prcfently follow after the floure, and fo continue all the Winter and Spring, euen vntill May or Iune. Theroot is bulbous,and not -rear . it is co- ueredwith many blackifli red coats, and is white within. 1 i * 5 r Jhis medow Saffron hath roots and Ieaues like to thofe of the laft defcribcd but the Ieaues of the fl °ureare longer and narrower, and the colour of them is white on the infid’e ^reene on the middle of the backe part, and the reft thereof of a certaine flelh colour . ’ D 4 Colchicum montanum minus Hiffanicum cum flore& fern rife . Small Spanifh medow Saffron in floure and feed. f The medow Saffron of Illyria hath a great thicke and bulbous root, full offubftanceffrom which rilethvp a fat, thicke, and grofte ftalke, let about from the lower part to the top by equal! alliances, with long, thicke, and grofte Ieaues, fharpe pointed, not vnlike to theleaues of leekes - among which Ieaues do grow yellowifti floures likevnto the Englifh medow Saffron, but final len 7 The Aflyrian medow Saffron hath a bulbous root, made as itwereoftwo pieces • from the middle cleft whereof rifeth vp a foft and tender ftalke fet with faire broad Ieaues from the middle to the top : among which commeth forth one Angle floure like vnto the common medow Saffron or the white Anemone of Matthiolus defcription. 8 The niountaine wilde Saffron is a bafe and low plant, but in fhape altogether like the com- mon nicdow Saffron, but much lefler. The floures are fmaller, and ofayellow colour, which fet- teth forth the difference, f The Ieaues and roots (as Clufius affirmes) are more like to the Narcif- es; and therefore he calls this Tfitrcijfius Aittumnalis minor. The leffer Autumne Narciffe. f , 9 , This, whole figure we here giue you, is by Clufius called Colchicum Byzantinism Uti folium. , e bro , leaued Colchicum of Conftantinople. The Ieaues of this are not in forme and ma°-ni- tu e much vnlike to thofe of the white Hellebor, neither leflencruous, yetmoregreene.lt beares many floures in Autumne, fo that there come fometimes twenty from one root. Their forme and colour are much like the ordinarie fort, but that thefe are larger, and haue thicker ftalkes. The : Of the Hiftorie of Plants. IB. i. i<5o "are ofa lighter purple without, and of a toper on the inf>de,and they are marked certaine veines running alongft thefe leaues. The roots and feeds of this plant are thrice as lar 0 e as thofe ° f fo 6 C Thhharii toots and leaues like to the firft deferibed but the floure is Sorter, and growes vnon a fliorrer ftalke fo that it rifes but little aboue the earth : the three inner leaues are of a red- difli purple • the three out leaues ate either w holly white, or purplifh on the middle in the infid e, or ftreaked with faire purple veins, or (potted with fuch coloured fpots : all the leaues oft he floure are blunter and rounder than in the common kinde* • . r , a ,- c n This in leaues, roots, manner and time of growing, as alfo in the colour of the floures^l.f- fers not from the firft deferred, but the floures, as you may perceiueby the figure here expreffed, are very double, andconfift of many leaues. d 5 Colchicum montttnnm minus verfico- loreflore. Theleffer mountaine Saffron with a various coloured floure. 6 Colcficum llljricum . Greeke medow Saffron. 1 2 This Colchicum differs little from the firft ordinarie one,butthat the floures are iomewhat lefle and the three out-leaues are fomwhat bigger than the three inner leaues ; the colour is a lit, tie deeper al fo than that of the common one ; but that wherein the principall difference conli ts, is, That this floures twice in a yeare, to wit, in the Spring and Autumne : and hence CLujtus natn called it Colchicum biflorum, Twice-flouring Mede Saffron. , 1 2 This alfo in the fhape of the root and leaues is not much different from the ordinary, out the leaues of the floure are longer and narrower, the colour alfo when they begin to open an 1 ew themfelues,is white, but fhortly after they are changed into a light purple teach leafe ° 1 e floure hath a white thread tiptwith yellow growing outofit, and in the middle Hands a w i e three forked one longer than the reft. The floure growes vp between three or foure leaues narrow er than thofe of the ordinarie one, and broader than thofe of the fmall Spanifh kinde. Clujius , to whom we are beholden for this, as alfo for moft of the reft, calls it Colchicum vernum, or Spring Mede- Saffron, becaufe it then floures togetherwith the Spring Saffrons and Dogs Tootn. 14 Thereare other Mede-Saffronsbefides thefe lhaue mentioned, but became they may IB. I. 7 Colchicum Syiacum Alexmdrimm. Affyrian Mede Saffron. Of the Hiftory of Plants. idt referred eafily to fome of thefe, for tha c their dif- ference chiefely confifts either in thedoitbicnefle or colour of the floures, whereof 1'omc are ftriped, fome fraided, others variegated, I will not i nil ft vpon them, but referre fuel) as defire their further acquaintance to look into the gardens of our Flo- rifts,as M. P.irkmfons, M. Tnggies,(jpc .oxc\kiT\zo the booke of floures fet forth not long (ince by M. ParkinfiK , where they fhall findethem largely treated of. Yeti cannot pafle ouer in filence that curious Colchicum which is called by f ome,Celchi~ aim v, trier, mum Chjcnfe. The floure thereof is very beautiful, confiding of fix pretty broad and (harp pointed leaues, all curioufly checkered ouer with deepe blew or purple, the reft of the floure bcino- I rt .1 1 < . . „ O of a light vthitifh colour : the leaues, that rife vp j n the Spring, are not very Iong,but fomewhat broad and fharpe pointed ; the root is like others of this Jande. I haue giuen you an exadt and large figure of this, as I tooke it from the growing floure fome three yearesagonc, it being at that time amongft her Maiefties floures kept at Edgcombe in Surry in the garden of my much honoured friend Sir John Tunfiall , Gentleman Vfher vnto her Maie- ltie. iy I giue you here in this place the true Her- moda&ill of the (hops, which probably by all is adiudged to this Tribe,though none can certain- ly fay what floures or leaues "it bearc-s:the Roots are onely brought to vs, and from what place I cannot tell; yet I coniefture from fome part of 4 , Syriaortheadiacent countries. Now how hint afp 2 lt gC °f f tS 7 Tf rt «>all fbew you more at large when I come to treat of Piftolochia , wherefore I will fay nothing thereof in this nlace Thefe rn^irc • tlC , at bigneffe ofaGlT e ‘ thcr ° fthc f nature, or by'drineffe,arecommonlyTboul Se O rh f C r f n u ’ r 1 ’ ? atr , lfh ’ antl ,liar P e at the one end, but fomewhat full at the other ul d a",? V he " e 1S a httle channeU or hoHownefTe , as is in the roots of Mede Saffron StTde and t, "tT T 7Ileir coloL >t * either white, brownest blackifh on he outf.de and very white within, but thofe are the beft that arc white both without and with and may eafily be made intoa fine white meale or pouder. p r Ir,am1 8 Colch/cumfurvummont/inum lutettm . Yellow mountaine Saffron. II;; "i • 1 The Place. Medow Saffron, or Colchictim, groweth in Meflinia, and in the Ifle of Colchis, vvhereofit tooke his name. The titles of the reft do fet forth their natiue countries ; notvvith (landing our London gardens are poifefled with the raoft part of them. The two firft do grow in England in great aboundance,in fat and fertile medowes,as about V il- ford and Bathe, as alfo in the medowes neere to a fmall village in the Weft part of England, called Shepton Mallet, in the medowes about Briftoll, in Kingftroppe medow neere vnto a Water-mill as you go from Northampton to Holmeby Houfe, vpon the right hand of the way, and likewife in great plenty in Nobottle wood two miles from the faid towne of Northampton,and many other places. X The reft for the moft part may be found in the gardens of the Florifts among vs. X 9 Colchicim lattf ilium . Broad leaned Mede Saffron. TheTime. TbeleauesofallthekindesofMede-Saffron do begin to (hew themfelues inFebruarie ; The feed is ripe in Iune. The leaues,ftalkes,and feed do perifh in Inly, and their pleafant floures doe come forth of the ground in September. The Names. Diofcoridcs calleth Medow Saffron ku xk s, . fome, - E ? / w «: notwithftanding there is another Ephe- meral which is not deadly. Diners name it in Latine Bulbus agreJlis,oxvti\A Bulbe : in high Dutch it is called fiSctt'.OOfetl t in low Dutch, ^tlttlOOfttt tin French, Mart auChieit. Some haue taken it to be the true Hcrmoda&yl,yet falfely. Other fome call it Films ante Pattern, although there is akindeofij’/?iw P/bry, Ornithogde ■ in high Dutch it is called bribe!, victim tioibcl ; as you fhould fay, Cep a age an a : in Englifh, Stars ot Bethlehem. X The reft are named in their titles and hiftory ; but Chiftics queftionswherherthePK/tew«- foleus benot BulbincotTheophraftus, 7. hifl. 13. Bauhinus feemes to affirme the Spicatmn to be CWoly of Viofcorides and T heophrajlus, and Epimedium of Pliny. The Nature. Thefe are temperate in heate and drinefle. ■j TheVertues. A The vertues of moft of them are vnknowne ; yet Hieronymus Tragus writeth, That the root of the ' Star ofBethlehem rofted inhotembers, and applied with honey in manner of a Cataplafme or pultefle, healeth old eating vlcers, and fbftens anddifeuifes hard tumors. The roots, faith Viofcorides, are eaten both raw andboyled. +- Th« which was ihc fecond of our ft'thor. voder the title of C f* W‘"‘i “ d ,hc vndtr Omtbcfalm hum werefigures of the fome plant.bot in the la- rcr,a$ fist«fc;«fobfctncs,thcbouomclcaucsaic omitted, bccaufc they fall away when asic isgrovrnevp to floure. f Lib. i. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 169 Chap. 9^, Of Onions. 51 TbeKindes. T H T bc ’ , faith cfil.ers forts of Onions, which haue their fyr-names of the places 1 where they grovv rfonrealfo leffer, others greater : feme be round , and diners others Ions; • but none vvilde^as Pliny writeth. a 3 I Cepd alba. White Onions. $ 3 Cepit Bifyanicti oblonga. Longifh Spanifh Onions. 1 ff Tie ’Description. 1 1 | ’ He Onion hath narrow leaues,and hollow within ; theflalkeis fingle, round, biggeft A inthemiddle,onthetopwhereofgrowetharoundheadcouered witha thinne skin ... a f or ^' lne 5' v l 1 ' c hbeingb r °ken,thereappearelittle\vhiteflouresniadevpin forme of a ball, and afterward blacke feed three cornered, wrapped in thinne white skinnes. In (lead of the root there is a bulbeor round head compad of many coats, which oftentimes becommeth great mmannerof a Turnep, many times long like an egge. Tobebriefe,it is couered with very fine skinnes for the moft part ofawhitilh colour. 2 Thered Onion differeth not from the former but infharpneffeandrednefTeoftheroots.in other refpeds there is no difference at all. * , . 3. There is alfoa Spaniih kinde, whofc root is longer than the other, but in other refpeds very little different. r t 4 There is alfo another fmall kinde of Onion, called by Label, Afcalonitis <^intiquorumjyt . t r 2 * * S fj S , ^ ^nt imall roots, growing many together: the leaues are like to Onions, but e lL> ‘ c ‘ e ic.ome beares either ftalke, floure,or feed. It is vfed to be eaten in fallads.'J; *[ Tin 170 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. L 1 B. 1 . The Place, The Onion required! a fat ground well digged and dunged, as Palladium faith. It is chcrifhed cilery where in kitchen gardens : it is now and then in beds fowne alone, and. many times mixed with other herbes, as with Lettuce, Parfeneps, and Carrets. Palladius liketh well that it fhouldbe fovvnewith Sauory, bccaufe, faith Pliny, it profpereth the better, and is morewholefome. J 4 Afcalottitidcs . Scallions. The Time. It is fowne in March or Aprill,and fomtinies in September. The Names. The Onionis called in Greeke,Kew"“' : in La- tine, Cepa, and many times Cepe in the neuter gender .‘the fhops keepe that name. The old Writers hauegiuen vnto this many fyr-names of the places where they grow, for fome are na- med Ciprix, Sardix^ Creticx, Samothracia , Afcalo- nia, of a towne in Iudea,otherwife called Pom- pciana : in Englifh, Onions. Moreouer, there is one named sMarijca^ which the Countrey-men call fnio , faith Colume/U ; and thereupon it com- meth that the French men call it Otgnon , as Ru- ellius thinketh : and peraduenture the Low- Dutch men name it idtlcinm, of the French word corrupted : they are called Setania which are very little and fweet ; and thefe are thought tobe thofewhich Palladius nameth Cepulla, as though he called them par-vx Cepa, or little O- mons. There is an Onion which is without an head orbulbe, and hath as it were a long necke , and fpends it felfe wholly in the leaues, and it is of- ten cropped or cut for the pot like the Leekes. This Thcophrajfiis names r„3», ; of this Pliny alfo writeth, in his nineteenth booke, and Cxt chap- ter. There is with vs two principall forts of O- nions, the one feruing for a fauce, or to feafon meate with, which fome call Gethytm , and other* Falhcana , and the other is the headed or common Onion ' which the Germanes call £DHion?tot= bel *. the Italians, Cipotla ; the Spaniards, Ceholla, ceha, and CeboU, •t The Temperature. All Onionsare fharpe,and moue teares by the fmell. They be hot and dry, as fa j fourth degree, but not foextreme hot as Garlick.The myce is ofa thin water.e and airy fubftance. the reft is of thicke parts. ^ The Venues. a The Onions do bite, attenuate, or make thinne, and caufe drineffe : being boylcd ^'“V ^e IofL A their fharpeneffe, efpecially if the water be twice or thrice changed, and yet for all they doc C fo. r«„ - - ° flegmaticke humors ; and for women that hatie their termes flayed vpon a cold caufe, by realon j, th %to e .vifcct^T'fatYhey C prk^^ vnto them , cither F ^Stampldtv ith fat, tew, and boney,andfoapplicd, they are good agamfl tlic biting o. a mad - ^Mintheembers.andapplied, they ripen andbreake cold Apoftames, Biles, and Mi like. The Lib. i. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 171 The iuyce of Onions mixed witli thedeco&ion of Penniriall, and annointed vporrthe goucfe H member with a feather, or a cloath wet therein, and applied, eafeth the fame very much . & The iuice annointed vpon a pild or bald head in the funne, bringing agame the haire very fpee- I dily. 0 ; 1 1 The iuyce t-aketh away theheate of fcalding with water or oyle, as alfo burning with fire and jr gun-pouder,as is fet forth by a very skilfull C hirurgion named Mafter William clones , one of the Queens Chirurgions ; and before him by ^ imbrofe Pare], in his Treatife of wounds made by gun Onions diced, and dipped in the iuyce of Sorrell, and giuen vnto the ficke of a tertian A ^ ue,to L eate, take away the fit in once or twice fo taking them. 3 The Hurts. The Onion being eaten, yea though it be boyled, caufeth head-ache, hurteth the eyes, and ma- keth a mandimme lighted, dulleth the fences, ingendreth windineffe, and prouoketh ouermuch fleepc, efpecially being eaten raw. C h a p. 94 .. Of Squill, or Sea- Onions. $ 1 S cilia H ijjsanicd vulgar is. The common Spanifh Squill. The T>efcription\ 1 , "J'^^ e ° r ^ manC ^ c l u ^ orfea Onion hath a pretty large root, compofed of fundrie white coats filled with a certain vifeous humiditie,and at the bottome thereof grow forth fundry white and thicke fibres. The Jeaues are like thofe of Lil- lies, broad, thicke, and very greene, lying fpred vpon the ground, and turned vpon the fides. The flalke groweth , fome cubit or more high,ftraight, naked without leaues, ^ op many fl arre-fafhioned floures, very like thofe of the bigger Ormtfml and'rhiffii Trfl COnCai . ne ^ chaffie three cornered ieed-veffels, being it felfe alfo black, fmooth, forint i'*"? ln Auguftand September, and the feed is ripe in OAober. The leaues Ipring vp in Nouember and December, after that the feed is ripe, and ftalke decayed. * 'sinf1hrrxa^^ &reat ea ^ n j on, , w Clufius hath fet forth in his Spanifh hiftoric, hath very great ?„a r ? ad le ? l,es ’ as Diofcondss faith, longer than thofe of the Lilly, but narrower. The bulbe or “ d f 00t 15 v f. r - y confiding of many coats or fcaly filmes of a reddifh colour. The floure Jha?ofrh m f 7 llo 7^?™ et ™cs purple, and fometimes of a light blew. $ Clufuv fiiith it is like that of the former, I thinke he meanes both in fhape and colour. $ I, ica-Onion ofValentia, or rather the fea Daffodil!, hath many long and fin leaues, and •V lk ' I, e o/Narciffus, but fmootherand weaker, lying vpon the ground - among which nicth \ p a ftalke a foot high, bare and naked, bearing at the top a tuft ofwhite floures, in fhape like viito L I B. I i7Z Of the Hiftorie of Plants. vnto our common yellow Daffodil . The feed is inclofed in thicke knobby huskes,blacke, flat, and thicke, very foft,in fhape like vnto the feeds of Ariftolochia longa, or long Birth-wort. The root is great, white, long, and bulbous. 4 Red floured Sea Daffodill, or fea Onion, hath a great bulbe or root like to the precedent • the leaues long, fat, and fharpe pointed, the ftalkebareandnaked,bearingatthe topfundry faire red floures in fhape like to the laft defcribed. z Pancratium Cluftj. Great Squill, or Sea Onion. 5 The yellow floured fea Daffodill, or fea Onion, hath many thicke fat leaues like vnto the common Squill or fea Onion, among which rifeth vp a tender ftraight ftalke full of iuyee, bearing at the top many floures like the common yellow Daffodill. The ieed and root is like the prece- dent. t < To thefe may fitly be added that elegant plant which is knowne by the name of T^ar- cijfua tertiui of Matthiolus,a.fi& may be called White Sea Daffodill. This plant hath large roots, as bigge fometimes as the ordinarie Squill; the leaues are like thofeof other Daffodils, but broa- der, rounder pointed, and not verylong. The ftalke is pretty thicke, being fometimes round, othervvhiles cornered, at the top whereof grow many large white floures : each floure is thus com- pofed; it hath fix long white leaues, in the midft growes forth awhitepointall which isincom- paffed by a welt or cap diuided into fix parts, which fix are againe by threes diuided into eighteen iaggesordiuifions,awhitethredtiptwithgreene,ofan inch long, comming forth of the middle oreach dilution. This flourethin the end of May. It isfaidtogrow naturally about the fea coaft of Illyria. £ The Place. The firft is found in Spaineand Italy, not far from the fea fide. The fecond alfo neere vnto the fea, in Italy, Spaine, and Valentia. I haue had plants of them brought me from fundry parts ofthe Mediterranean fea fide,as alfo from Conftantinople, where it is numbred among the kindes of Narciftiis. The third grovveth in thefandsof the fea, inmoft places of the coaft of Narbone,and about Montpellier. T he fourth groweth plentifully about thecoafts of Tripolis and Aleppo, neere to the fea, and alfo in the frit marfhes that are fandie and 1 ie open to the aire. ey The L I B. I. Of the Hiftory of Plants. m 9[ The Time. They floure from May to the end of July, and their feed is ripe in the end of Auguft. «f[ 7 he Names . The firft is called of the Grecians, : and of the Latines alfo ScilU ■ the Apothecaries name hSqui/la : Diners, Cepa mttris the Germanes, jtebcl : the Spaniards, Cebolla albarrana : the Trench-men, oigmndemer : in Englifh, Squill, and Sea Onion. t The fecond is called Fu^to., and S cilia rubra major . 3 , 4 , y. Thefe are all figures ofthe fame plant, but the lead (which is the word) is the figure o(the Aduerfaria, where it is called P ancr atiurn marinum . D odonxus calls it N arciffus marimes : and Clufuts, Hemerocalhs Valentina • and it is iudged to be the h wwj ; c of Theophraflus, Lib. 6. H,fi. cap. r. The Spaniards call this Amorcs mios : theTurkes ^Conzambach ■ the Italians fiigliomarino, Thefe three (as I faid) differ no otherwife than in the colour of their floures. The fixth is Narciffies tertittspr Conftantinopolitanu , of Mattlnolus : flufttu calls it. Lilienarcitfus Hemerocallidis facie. t 4 Pancratium floribus rubra. Red floured lea Daffodil!, t 6 Narcifuc ter tins M atthioh , The white fea Daffodill, U The Temperature. The fea Onion is hot in the fecond degree, and cutteth very much, as Galen faith. It is bed when it is taken baked or rafted, for fo the vehemeneie of it is taken away. . _ % The Vert ues of Squills. r i ] , C r , O 0 l 1S t 0 ,y. e 5 ° u . er f d w ' t ' 1 P a ^ e or cIa Y, ( as Thofcondes teacheth)and then put into an oiien to be baked, or elfe buried in hot embers till fuch time as it be throughly rafted : for not being fo baked or rafted it is very hurtful! to the inner parts. b It is likevvife baked in an earthen pot clofe couered and fet in an ouen. That is to be taken elpeciahy which is in the midft, which being cut in pieces mult bcboyled, but the water is ftill to thre O t V ! ? ch ] tl '? e “ 1C ‘5 ne i th e r bic K r nor flrarpe: then muft the pieces be hanged on a the ftmnmh r rh d e '’ v<> ° "l 1 - 10 t0l,ch another - * Thus vfed it lofetFi mod of ; therefoie it is better to vfe it lightly dried, without any other preparation ± P ' " Thefe A m Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lib. x. C Thefe dices of the Squill are vfed to make oyle, vyine,orvineger of Squill. Of this vineger of Squill is made an Oxymel. The vfe whereof is to cut thicke, tough, and clammy humors, asalfo to be vfed in vomits. D This Onion rolled or baked is mixed with potions and other medicines which prouoke vrinc, and open the Hoppings of theliuerand fpleene, and isalfoput into treacles. It is giuen to thole that hauc the Dropfie, the yellow Iaundife, and to fuch as are tormented with the gripings of the belly, and is vfed in a licking medicine again!! an old rotten cough, and for fhortnelfe of breath. E Onepartofthis Onion being mixed with eight parts of fait, and taken in the morning falling to the quantitie ofa fpoonefull or two, loofeth the belly. F Theinner part of Squillaboyled with oyle and turpentine, is with great profit applied to the chaps or chil-blanes of the feet or heeles . G It driueth forth long and round wormes if it be giuen with honey and oyle. t The Pancratium marinum, or Hemerocallis Valentina (faith Clufim ) when as I lined with Ronde. letius, at Montpellier, was called S cilia ; and the Apothecaries thereof made the trochifces for the compofition of Treacle .-afterwards it began to be called Pancratium florc Ltlij Rondcletim alfovvas wont to tell this following flory concerning the poyfonous and maligne qualitie thereof. There were two Fifhc-rmen, whereof the one lent vnto the other (whom he hated) his knife, poyfoned with the iuyee of this Hemerocallis, for to cut his mcate withall ; lie fufpeiting no treachery cut his vidluals therewith, and lb eat them, the other abllaining therefrom, and frying that he had no flomacke. Some few dayes after, -he that did eate the victuals died ; which fhewed the ftrong and deadly qualitie of this plant : which therefore (as Clufiui faith) cannot be the S cilia Epimenidia of Pliny, which was eatable, and without malignitie J C h a p. p 7* Of Lee^es. 'j Parrum capkatum. Headed, or fet Leekc. J s Pornmfeclivum auttonfile. Cut, or vnfet Leeke. Lib. i. Of the Hiitory of Plants. 175 ®T TbeDefcription. -I i ./l- 1 T H i k ? K * 0r !!l e bl ‘! dc T 0f , tlK J Lceke f lon & fomcwbat broad, and very many, hauin- J. akeeleorcreftin the backfide,infrnell and tafte like to the Onion. The flak s if the blades be not often cut, do in tlie fccond or third yeare grow vp round, bringing forth on the top Homes made yp in a round head or ball as doth the Onion. The feeds are The bulbe or root is long and llender, efpecially of the vnfet Leeke. That of the other Leeke is thicker and greater. , f, ? Mod Writers diftingiiifh the common Leeke into Pormm cdphatum dr CccHvum ■ and Wgiuesthele tyro figures wherewith we here prefent you. Now both thefe grow of the fame feed, and they differ onely in culture ; for that which is often cut for the vfe of the kitchen is c 1! led 2 ASfnwMj : the other, which is headed, is not cut, but fpared, and remoued in Autumne. ± 5J The Place. d£S£: 3 i“ti§S t,l, " scd *" d ,,is *7 *** The Time. It may be fowne in March or April!, and it to be remoued in September or O&ober. *[ The Names. The Grecians call it the Lathes, Pw««. TheEmperourW^bad great- nleaftire in this tootand therefore lie was called in fcTLe, P.rrof^us. ButP^inthemlSfjEttS! led it Po> /-its .■ the Germanes, Haurt) : '-he Brabanders, S01KUC : the Spaniards Puerra rhe French, Porreau : tbcEnglilh-men,Le&e,or Leekes. ^ apanutfs, Pmrro , the 51 TljcTcmperature. The Leeke is hot and dry, and doth attenuate ormake thinneas doth the Onion. . 51 The Vertues. Being boy led it is le fle hurtfull, by reafon that it lofeth a great part of his fhamerielTe • and vet f “p S c ^ “ yCdd " h “' i0ad ” yCL- ' B "‘ “"S ,at “"“ h ““ >» b “ 4?»" Being boyled and eaten with Ptifana or barley creame, it concodleth and brineeth vn raw asainft thc bitin S s -rvc. rom ou s bcaft s , a „d I The fame juy.ee, with vineger, frankinccnfe, and milke, or oyle of rofes drooned mitigateth their paine, and is good for the noyfe in them. 5 ^ cares, C Tvyo drams of the feed, with the like weight of myrtill berries drunk, (lop the feittine of b r, H,’ haC ’ , co “ lni ’ cd a lon g timc - The fame ingredients put into Wine keepc it -from fou ,-ina C ^g^adiefoure, amend the fame, as diners write. ‘ftcuttethandaUeLSgr^ n .a lylcomriicndsth cfo 1 1 oy v i n g Loch as very effectual! againft phlegmatic^ Souinances and r otWbold catarrhes which are like to caufe fuffocation. This is the defeription thereof Take 1 blanchedalmonds three ounces, foute figges, [ok Bdellium halfe an ounce iuvee of 1 Inner-’ ' ^ ounces, offugar candy di(Tolued in a fufficient quantitie ofiuyce of Lehkc^'and^^yledTn^? 70 rothetaghtofa Syrup, as much as rtiallbercqUt to mak/the ref into die fo/me of a n Z v , The Hurts. offender^ 1 * ^ in S^dreth naughty blond , caufeth troublefome and tcrriblfdieames HAP. 96 . Of (fine s or QbiueSj and ivilde Leekes. 5J The Kindcs. ^Llere be dmeKkmdcs of Leekes, Lome wilde, and Lome of the garden, as {hall be declared d or, SK 2 haUCbe “ e ^ of forae for a kindc of wflde OnioV: bit all the Am ‘ lauebeene acquainted with, do accord that there is not any wild Onion. !> 2 it Tl, e [ill r 1 if ■ Bfli , • «? I Scbanoprafin. Ciuesor Chiues. 2 Porrumvitigineum. French Leekes, or V ine Leekes, 3 Ampelopmfon [me porrum filuejlrt, Wilde Lecke. The Defcription. 1 ✓"'Mues bring forth many leaues about a (. hand-full high, long, {lender, round, like to little rufhes ; amongft which grow vp fmall and tender ftalfces, fending forth.cer- taine knops with floureslike thofe of the Onion, but much lelfer. They haue many little bulbes or headed roots faftned together : out of which grow dovvne into the earth a great number of little firings, and it hath both the fmell and taftc of the Onion and Leeke, as it were participating of both. 2 TheVineLeeke or French Leeke groweth vpwith blades like thofe of I.eekes : theftalke is a cubit high, on the top whereof ftandeth a round head or Dutton, couered at the firftwith a thinne skinne, which being broken, the floures and feeds come forth like thofe of the Onion. The bulbe or headed root is round , hard, and found, which is quickly multiplied by fending forth many bulbes. t 3 The vvilde Leeke hath leaues much like vnto thofe of Crow-garlicke, but larger, and more acride. The floures and feeds alfo referable thofe of the Crow-garlicke, the feeds being about the bignefle of comes of wheat, with final firings conr- ming forth at their ends. $ «T The L I B. I. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 177 7 he Time and Place. 1 Ciues are fet in gardens, they flourifh long, and continue many yeares, thev fufFer the rnU of W inter . They are cut and polled often, as is the vn fet Leeke. } 2 The Vine- leeke groweth of it felfc in Vineyards.andneerevnto Vines in hot regions ,vber- ofit both tooke the name Vine-Leeke, and French Leeke. It bearethhis greene leaues in Win ter, and vvithereth away in the Sommer. It groweth in moft gardens ofEngland. f Thusfarreour Author defenbes and intimates to you a garden Leeke, much like the ordi- nary in all refpefts, but fomew hat larger. But the following names belong to the wilde Leeke which here we gitie you in the third place. £ The Names. Ciues are called in Greeke,a?»»»e*w, Shaenefrafum : in Dutch, ©tcfloatft, as though you' fhould fay Imcenm Porrum , or Ruih Leeke : in Englifli, Ciues, Chines, Ciuetand Swcth/in French Brelles. 5 ■ + 2 ,, Vine-leeke, or rather wild Leeke, is called in Greeke, of the placewhere it naturally groweth : it may be called in Latin e,Pomim Fit turn {n VitigineumPomm : in Englifli after the Greeke and Latine, V me Leeke, or French Leeke. ^ 5 The Temperature. the^ther Leeke C “ faCl,ltie Vnt ° the Lcekc >h°tand dry. The Vine leeke heateth more than doth «i TheFertuss. Ciues attenuate or make thinne, open,prouokc vrine, ingender hot and grofle vapours and are A th^Leekedoth^* ^ h” 1 " 6- 1 hcy cauFe tr0llblefome dteames,andworkeaII the effe&s that The Vine-leeke, or Ampeloprafon, prouoketh vrine mightily, and bringeth downe the floures B It cureth the bitings of venomous beafts,as Diofcorides writeth. * 1 The figure of was in *c firft place, in the Chapter next bat one, by the name Chap, 97. Of (jarlicke. The Dcfcription, 1 T” 1 hulbeor head of Garlicke is couered with moft thinne skinnes or filmes of averv 1 light white purple colour, confifting of many clones feuered one from another vnder leaues I th - C S l° lmd bd °' V F 0lveth a of Freddy fibres : it hath long greene ieaueshkethofe of the Leeke, among which rifethvpa ftalke at the end of thefecond or third when’v • lereUP ° n d0t l P° VV a tllft ° F fl ° l,res couered with a white skinne, in which beino- broken when it is npe,appeareth round blacke feeds. , 0 DrolvLn r* * , T1 f re lsalfo another Garlicke which growes wilde in fome places of Germanie and redde?’ The fln" lliape , , ? uck rcfemb . les the ordinarie, but the clones of the roots are fmaller and . The floure is alfo ofa more duskie and darke colour than the ordinarie. $ ^ r If The Place and Times. Decemhi u foivne of fL ; ed ’ but P Ianted 1 n S ardens of i the fmall clones in Noucmber and December, and fometimes m Februarieand March eranrt I . .. , . The Names. 1 1 . is called in Latine, \_Allum.- in Greeke,™^*,: The Apothecaries r am “hep 11 ic “ !auc! 5 *• rhL ' D « cb ,?lOOU : the Spaniards, mansTreack? ^ rencb ’ ^ or Aux •' tke Bohemians, .• the Englifli , Garlicke, aS pSe skinn?bfraifmlb y Mcrs!’ h0t,and ^ ^ faidl ’ in dlC faufth de S ree > and ^ulccrateth the T, ■ TheFertuss. yeeldeth to the body no nourifhment at all, it ingendreth naughty and Hiarpc blond. There- P 3 fore ’ i7« Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lib. /. fore fuch as are of ahot complexion muff efpecially abftaine from it. Bur if it be boyled in water v'ntill fuch time as it hath loft his iharpenefle, it is the Idle forcible, and retainethno longer his euill iuyce, as Galen faith. C It taketh away the roughneffe of the throat, it helpeth an old cough, it prouoketh vrine,it brea- keth and confumeth winde , andisalfo a remedie for theDropfie which procccedeth of a cold caufe. D It killeth vvormes in the belly, and driueth them forth. The milke alfo wherein it hath beene fodden is giuen to yong children with good fuccelfe againft the vvormes. r Allium. Garlicke. J 2 Allium [yluejlreruientiius nucleis . Wilde Garlicke with red clones. £ It helpeth a very cold (lomacke, and is a preferuatiue againft the contagious and peftilent aire. p The dccoftionof Garlick vfed for a bath to fit oner, bringeth dovvne the floures and lecondines or after-burthen,as Diofcorides faith. G It taketh away the morphew,tetters,or ring-wormes, fcabbed heads in children, dandraffe and fctirfe, tempered with honey, and the parts anointed therewith. pi With Figleaues and Cumin it is laid onagainft the bitings of the Moufe called in Greeke, w’m : in Englifh,a Shrew. Chap* Lib. i. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 179 Chap. 98. Of Qrov>'Cj article and "Rainjons, r r I He vvilde Garlickc or Crow-garlicke hath fmall tough leaues like vnto ru(hes,fmooth and hollow within ; among which groweth vp a naked ftalke, round, flipperie, hard and found : on the top whereof, after the floures be gone, grow little feeds made vp in a round clufter like fmall kernels, hauing the fmelland tafteof Garlick.In dead of a root there isabulbeorroiuid head withoutanyclouesatall. 2 Ramfons do fend forth two or three broad longifh leaues fharpe pointed, iinooth, and of a light greene colour. The ftalke is a fpan high, fmooth and (lender, bearing at the top a clufter of white ftar-fafhioned floures. In ftcad ofa root it hath a long flender bulbe, which fendeth downe a multitude of ftrings, and is couered with skinnes or thicke coats. t 1 Allium filueflre. 2 . f *-' row Garlicke groweth in fertile paftures in all parts of England. I found it in great plen- tiein the fields called the Mantels, on the backfidc oflflington by London. . .Ramfons grow in the Woods and borders of fields vnefer hedges, among the bufhes. I found it in the next field vnto Boobies barne,vnder that hedge that borJeteth vpon the lane ; andalfo vpon the left hand, vnder an hedge adioyning to a lane that leadeth to Hampfted, both places neete London. Crow Garlicke. Ramfons. (XJ2JLo^wi.A: that is,todriue an-ay difeafes. It may probably be argued to belong to a certaine bulbous plant, and that a kind^ V L I B. I. Of the Hiftory of Plants. of Garlicke, by the words m A.f.,and m»f. The former, Galen in his Lexicon of fome of the difficult rer words vfed by Hippocrates, thus expounds is, Moh\a is a Garlicke hauinga fimpleor Angle head, and not to be parted or diftineuifhed into cloues : fome terme it Moly. Erotiams in his Lexicon expounds the later thus : ( faith hee) utoi C iomhii, &c. That is ; OMolyx is a head of Garlicke, round, and not to be parted into clones, t r 5 [ The Names in particular. byLobll a -?c/ S fi ? S Called M °^ ^ ■ MMthitlm ■ Moly Anguftifolitm by Dodotuus ; Moly Diofcorideum 2 This, Moly Serpcntinum voentnp, by LobelanA the Author of the Hill Lu^d 3 This fame is thought to be the Moly of Theophmflus and Pliny, by Dodonaus, Clufius&c. and fome alio would hauc it to be that oiHomer , mentioned in his twentieth odylf. Lobel calleth it Moly Lihjlorum. and others 1 ' 16 ^ ^ and flfth ° ne ’ *“ CaIled Cmca f on ’ and Mo h /*&*»* by Lobel , Cluftus 5 ^ Thls 1S M °h Mont/mum loti folium fLmo fioreoScliifms , and Moly kteitm of Lobel, ^duerforl 7 This fame is Moly minus of Clujitts, f t 6 Molylottfolumflorefluio. Broad leaued Moly with the yellow flourc. t 7 Moly minus fiort albo. Dwarfe white floured Moly, c . . f LhLempcntm tmd Venues". rhele Molyes are very hot, approching to the nature of Garlicke, and I doubt not but in time me excellent man or other will find out as many good vertues of them,as their ftately and come- b0U ^ df “ mCt ° be pofcffedmth.Bttt^^ r . , ’ r 0L , ind ln c ^ writln g s the Antients, any thing touching their faculties. Only Di. fttmned with oil ' of ^ ? fl ? aruelloi,s : efficacie to bring downe the termes, if one of them thc-r fuppofitorie y eofFlourede - luce a ccor dmgtoart,andvfedinmannerofapeirarie or mo. ChAPs Of the Hiftorie of Plants, 18 6 ^ Chap, Of diners other zSMoljes. t T) Efides the Garlickcs and Molyes formerly mentioned by our Author, and thofe I haue |j in this Edition added, there are diuers others, which, mentioned by Clufius, and belon- ging vnto this Tribe, I haue thought good in this place to fet forth.Now for that they are mote than conueniently could be added to the former chapters, (which are fufficiently large) I thought it not amifle to allot them a place by themfelues* J i Mol) N nr a finis folijs primum. f i Moly Marcijlinitfolijs fecunium. The firft Narcifle-leaued Moly. The fecond Narcifle-leaued Moly, f i rJ | ’His, which in face nigheft reprefents the Molyes defcrihed in the Iaft Chapter^ hath a root made of many fcales, like as an Onion in the vpper part, but the lower partis knotty, and runnes in the ground like as Solomons Seale • the Onion-like part hath many fibres hanging thereat ; the leaues are like thofe of the white Narcifle, very greene and fhining, amongft which rifeth vp a ftalke of a cubit high, naked, firme, greene, and crefted ; at the top come forth many floures confiding of fix purplifh leaues, with as many chines on their in- fides : after which follow three fquare heads, opening when they are ripe, and containing a round blackefeed. i This other being of the fame kinde, and but a vatietie of the former, hath fofter and more Adi-coloured leaues, with the floures of a lighter colour. Both thefe floure at the end of Iune,ot in Iuly. 3 This hath fine or fix leaues equally as broad as thofe of the Iaft defcribed,but not fo long, being fomewbat twined, greene, and fhining. The ftalke is fome foot in length, fmaller than that of the former, but not lefle ftiffe,crcfted,and bearing in a round head many floures, in manner of growing and drape like thofe of the former, but of a more elegant purple colour. In feed and root Lib. i. Of the Hiftory of Plants. t 3 CMolyNarcifiinisfolijstcrtitm. The third Narcilfe-leaued Moly. d 5 Moly montanumfecKnefumClufiji The fecond mountaine Moly, $ 4 Moly montomm UtifoHnm x.chtfij. The firft broad leaued mountaine Molv itrefenibles the precedent. There is alfo ava- rietieofthis kinde,with leaues longer and nar- rower, neither fo much tvvined,the ftalks weaker, and floures much lighter coloured . This floures later than the former, to wit, in Inly and Auguft. All thefe plants grow naturally in Leitenberg and other hills neere toViennain Auftria, where they were firft found and obferued by C.nolm Clufius. 4 This hath a ftalkefome two cubits high, which euen to the middle is incompafled with leaues much longer and broader than thofe of Garlicke, and very like thofe of the Leeke : on the topofthe fmooth andrufh-like ftalke grow- eth a tuft confifting of many darke purple co'ou- red bulbs growing clofe together, from amongft which come forth pretty long ftalkes bearing light purple ftarre-fafhioned floures, which are Succeeded by three cornered feed-velfels. The root is bnlbous,targe,confifting of many cloue:;, and hauing many white fibres growing forth thereof. Moreouer, there grow out certain round bulbes about the roor, almoftlike thofe which grow in the head, and being planted apart, they produce plants of the fame kinde. This is Allium, Jiuc Moly montmum Ulifolium r . Clufij. 5 This hath a finoorh round grecnc ftalke lome cubit high , whereon doe grew m®ft com- Q. 2 monly i88 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lib. r monly three leaues narrower than thole of the former, and as it were grafiy. The top of the ftalkefuftainesa head wrapped in two lax filmes, each of them running out with a fharpe point like two homes, which opening themfelues, there appearentany fmall bulbes heaped together, amongft which are floures compofed of fix purplifh little leaues,and faftned to long ftalkes. The root is roundand white, with many long white fibres hanging thereat. Clufitts calls this, Allium, fiueMolj montimum fecundum. And this is Labels Ampcltprafon frelifcrum. 6 Like to the laft defcribed is this in height and fhape ofthe ftalke and leaues, as alfo in the forked or horned skinne inuoluing the head, which confifteth of many fmall bulbes ofareddifh greene colour, and ending in a long greene point -amongft which, vpon long and {lender ftalkes hang downe floures like in forme and magnitude to the "former, but of awbitifh colour, with a darke purple ftreake alongft the middle, and vpon the edges of each leafe. The root is round and white, like that of the laft defcribed. This giuesvnder the title of ^Allium jiucMoly monta- 7inm tertium. t 6 Moly montamtm^.cluf. f: -j Molymontani quarts JJ/ec.i.Cluf. 7 This alfo hath three rufhy leaucs,with a round ftalke of fome cubit high,whofe top is like- wife adorned with a forked membrane, containing many pale coloured floures hanging vpon long ftalkes, each floure confifting of fix little leaues, with the like number ofchmes,and a peftilm the mid ft This tuft of floures cut off with the top of the ftalke, and carried into a chamber,' wil ye eld a plcafaut fmell (like that which is found in the floures in the earlier Cyclamen) but it will quickly decay. After thefe floures are paft fucceed three cornered heads containing a blacke fmall feed 5 not much vnlike Gillofloure feed. The root is round like the former, fometimes yeelding off-fets. Thisis Alamontani 4 . (pecks i.oiClufm. 8 There is another kinde of this laft defcribed, which graves to almoft the lame height , and hath like leaues, and the head ingirtwith the like skinny long pointed huskes ; but the floures of this are of a very darke colour, The roots are like the former, with off-fets by their fide. This is The third mountains Moly. The fourth mountaine Moly ; the firft fort thereof. Lib. I. Of the Hiftory of Plants. i8p Clufm his Moly montam quartiftecies fecunda. The roots of the three Iaft deferibed finell of carlick but the leaues haue rather an hearby or graffe-like flnell. 3 The fifth and fixth of theie grow naturally in the Styrian and Auftrian Alpes. The feuenth Baths in' Baden ^ Hun S arlc > a ^ ouc Niclafpurg in Morauia, but moll aboundantly about I 8 Moly mont/ini quarti Jjiecies fecnnt& Clafij. The fecond kinde of the fourth mountaine Moly. i 9 Moly tvontMum quintum fluflj. The fifth mountaine Moly, Qj 9 This growes to the like height as the former, with a greene ftalke, hauing few leaues there- upon, and naked at the top, where it carieth a round head confiding of many ftar-like fmall floures, ofa faire purple colour, faftned to (hort ftalkes, each fioure being compofed of fixe little leaues, with as many chiues ,and a peftill in the middle. The root is bulbous and white, hauing fomtfmes hisoff-fetsbyhisfides. ThefmellofitislikeGarlicke. This growethalfo about Presburgh in Hungarie, and was there obferued by Clufitis to beare his floure in May and Iune. He calleth this Allium, feu, Moly montunum quintum. £ Chap. ioz. Of JVhite Lillies. ff The Kindes. T Here be fundry forts of Lillies, whereof fome be wilde, or of the field ; others tame, or of the garden ; fome white, others red ; fome ofourowne countries growing, others from beyond thefeas : and becaufirof the variable forts we will diuide them into chapters, beginning with tHp two white Lillies, which differ little but in the natiue place of growing. Q. 3 qy Tlx lpo Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Li E. I. 5f The De/cnption. 1 CT* He white Lillie hath long/mooth, and full bodied leaues,ofagraflieor light greene I colour. The ftalkes be two cubits high, and fometimes more, fetor garnifhed with ”*■ the like leaues, but growing fmallerand fmaller toward the top ; and vpon them doe grow faire white floures ftrong of fmell, narrow toward the foot of the fta Ike whereon they doe grow, wide or open in the mouth like a bell. In the middle part of them doe grow fmall tender pointals tipped with a dufty yellow colour, ribbed or chamfered on the backe iide, confifting of fix fmall leaues thicke and fat. The root is a bulbe made of fcaly clones, full of tough and clam- mie iuyee, wherewith the whole plant doth greatly abound. 2 The white Lilly of Conftantinople hath very large and fat leaues like the former, but nar- rower and leffer. Theftalke rifeth vp to the height of three cubits, let and garnifhed with leaues alfo like the precedent, but much leffe. Which ftalke oftentimes doth alter and degenerate from his naturall roundneffe to a flat forme, as it were a lath of wood furrowed or chanelled along!! the fame, as it were ribs or welts. The floures grow at the top like the former, failing that the leaues do tutne themfelues more backward like theTurkes cap, and beareth many more floures than our Englifh white Lilly doth. I Lilium album. The white Lilly.’ 2 Lilium album Bityntinum. The white Lilly of Conftantinople. the Place. Our Englifh white Lilly groweth in moft gardens of England. The other groweth naturally in Conftantinople and the parts adiacent, from whence wee had plants for our Englifh gardens, where they flourifh as in their owne countrey. 51 The Time, The Lillies floure from Maytotheend oflune. the Names, The Lillie is called in Creeke «/*”• inLatine, Ldium^and aKo Rofa Tunonis , or luno's Rofe, be- can leas ic is reported it came vpofher milke that fell vpon the ground. For the Poets feigne.That H ercules, who Jupiter had by Alcumena, was put to luno's breafts while!! fhee was afleepe ■, and after the fucking there fell away aboundance of milke, and that one part was fpilt in theheauens, and the other on the earth; and that of this fprangtheLilly,and of the other the circle in theheauens Lib. i. Of the Hillorie of .Plants, 191 called LaBcus Circuits , or the milky way, or otherwife in Englifli Wading ftreet. Saint Bafi/l in the explication of the 44. Pfalme faith. That no floure folinely fets forth the frailty of mans life as the Lilly. It is called in high Dutch, i©ctff ©Igetl : in low Dutch, 0 @ttte jLfltetl : in Italian, Giglio ; in Sp.mifh, Lino bianco : in French, Lp blanc : in Englilh, the white Lilly. The other is called Ltlittm album Bi^aminum, and a\(o Man agon album Bi\aminum in Enoiifh the white Lilly of ConftantinOpIe : of the T urkes themfelues ,Su!tan Zambach,\s ith this addition, (that they might be the betterknownewhichkindeof Lilly they meant when they fent roots of them into thefe countries) Fa poragrandt Bianehi •, fo that Sultan Zambachfa fora grands Bianehi , is as much to fay as, Sultans great Lilly with white fioures. 5 ] The Nature, The white Lilly is hot, and partly of a lubtill fubltance. But if you regard the root, ids dry in the firft degree, and hot in the l'econd. The Vertms , The root of the garden Lilly damped with honey gleweth together linewes that be cut in fun- j\ der. It confumeth or lcourcth away the vlcers of the head called Achores, and likewife all feur- uinefle of the beard and face. The Root damped with Vineger, the leauesof Henbane, or the meale of Barley, cureth the tumours and apodumes of the priuy members. It bringeth the haire againe vpon places which ® haue beene burned or fealded, if it be mingled with oylc or greafe, and the place anointed there- with. The fame root roded in the embers, and damped with fome leauen ofllie bread and Hogges q greafe, breakethpedilentiall botches. Itripeneth Apodumes in the flankes,commingofvenery and fueh like. The doures deeped in Oyle Oliue, and drifted two or three times during Sommer , and fet in q the Sunne in a drong glade, is good to (often the hardneffe of finewes, and the hardneffe of the matrix. Tlorentinus a writer ofhusbandry faith, That if the rootbe curioufly opened, and therein be put fome red, blew, or yellow colour that hath no caudicke or burning qualitie,it will caufe the floure to be of the dime colour. Julius s^ilexandrinus the Emperors Phydtian faith, That the water thereof diddled and drunke r caufeth eafie and fpeedy deliuc-rance,and expelleth the fecondtne or after-burthen in mod fpeedy manner. He alfo faith, the leaues boyled inred Wine, andapplied toold wounds or vlcers, doe much r good, and forward the cure, according to the do&rine of Galen in his feuenth booked fimpl. med, ^ facultat. The root ofa white Lilly damped and drained with wine, and giuen to drinke for two or three dayes together,cxpe!leth the poyfon of the pedilence, and caufeth it to breake forth in bliflers ^ in the outward part of the skinne, according to the experienceofa learned Gentleman ^..William Godorus , Sergeant Surgeon to the Queenes Maieftieiwho alfo hath cured many of the Dropfey with the iuyee thereof, tempered with Barley meale, and baked in cakes , and fo eaten ordinarily for fome raoneth or flx weekes together with rneate, but no other bread during that time. Chap. 103 . Of %ed Lillies. The Kindes. T Here be likewife fundry forts of Lillies, which we do comprehend vnder one generall name in Englilh, Red Lillies, whereof fome are of our ovvne countries growing, and others of be- yond the feas, the which fliallbedidinguifhed feuerally in this chapter that follow eth. % ' ' _ The Vefcriftiort. 1 ’’ | 'He gold-red Lilly gtoweth to the height of two, and fometimes three cubits, and of- J_ tenhigherthan thofe of the common white Lilly. The leaues be blacker and nar- rower, fet very thicke about die dalke. The flourcs in the top be many, from ten to thirty Homes, according to the age of the plant, and fertilitie of the foile, like in forme and great- neffe to rhofeofthe white Lilly, but ofa red colour tending to a Saffron, fprinkled or poudred with many little blacke fpecksj like to rude vnperfeQ: draughts of certaine letters. The roots be great bnlbes, confiding of many clones, as thofe of the white I. illy. t 1 In L 1 B. I Ipz Of the Hiftorie of Plants. £ 2 In ltead of the Plantaine leaned red Lilly, dcfcribed and figured in this fecond place by out Author out of TtihernamontMusJoi that I iudge both the figure and defcription counterfeit, I hauc omitted them, and here giue you the many-floured red Lilly in his (lead. This hath a root like that of the laft deferibed, as alfo leaues and ftalkes ; the floure alfo in fhape is like drat of the former, but of a more light red colour, and in number of flouresit exceedeth the precedent, for fometimes it beares fixty floures vpon one ftalke. d f 5 This red Lilly is likevnto the former, but not fo tall ; the leaues be fewer in number, broader, and downy towards the top of the ftalke, where it beares fome bulbes. The floures in fhape be like the former, failing that the colour hereof is more red, and thicke dalht with blacke fpecks . The root is fcaly like the former. 4 There is another red Lilly which hath many leaues lomewhat ribbed, broader than the laft mentioned, but fhorter,and not fo many in number. The ftalke groweth to the height of two cu- bits,and fometimes higher, whereupon do grow floures like the former : among the foot-ftalks of which floures come forth certaine bulbes or cloued roots,browne of colour, tendingvntored- nefle ; which do fall ih the end ofAugu ft vpon the ground, taking root and growing in the fame place’ whereby it greatly encreafeth, for feldome or neuer it bringeth forth feed for his propa- gation. I Ltlium itxreum, t * Liliumruhrum. 5 There is another fort of red Lillie hauingafaire fcaly or cloued root, yellow aboue, and browne toward the bottome ; from which rifethvp a faireftiffe ftalke creftedor furrowed , of an ouer-wornebrowne colour, fet from the lower part to the branches, whereon the floures doe grow with many leaues, confufedly placed without order. Among the branches clofe by the ftem grow forth certaine clones or roots ofareddifh colour, likevnto the clones of Garlicke before they are pilled : which being fallen vpon the ground at their time of ripenefle,do (hoot forth certaine ten- der firings or roots that do takehold of the ground, whereby it greatly encreafeth. The floures are in fhape like the other ted Lillies, but of adarke Orange colour, refembling a flame of fire fpot- ted with blacke fpots. 6 This hath a much fhorter ftalke, beingbuta cubitorlefleinheight, with leaues blac- Gold-red Lilly. The red Lilly. kifh Lib. i. Of the Hiilorie of Plants. kifh,and narrower than thofe afore going. The Homes, as in the reft, grow out of the to- o r rite llalke, and are ofapurplifh Saffron colour, with fome blackifh fpots. The root in fhape is like the precedent, t The? Lice, Thefe Lillies do grow wilde in the plowed fields of Italy and Languedocke,in the mountaines and vallies of Hetruriaand thofe places adiacent. They are common in ourEnglifh wardens a^ alfo in Germany. b 3 ' 5 *[ The Time. Thefe redLilliesdo floure commonly a little before the white Lillies, and fometimes too- ther with them. 3 Lilium omentum lati folium. The fierie red Lilly. $ 4 cruentum bulbiferum . Red bulbe-bearing Lilly. t r The firft ofthefe is thought by fome to be the Butt in cmentus of Hipocrates ■ as ilfo rhr ^lmmd7Z m p £ t D ‘t .° r ! deS : , Yet M * tthi ° lus and fome others would haue it his Hcmerocntlis . Do- fZT‘ S an ° P°' ta tfnnke tt the Hjacinthus and ofmcfmdalos of the Poets of which von fhal! b^naZZnus ^ the C V^» 0 fZ«,andthe LUiumuuZumL^^. r e Z„dul blS A Ch ^tr dm 3 This is Clufms his Mart agon hiilbifemm {mtert um and tt 5 This Dadonans calls Li!,, lmf ,U,rc - QiCl “h- * This laft Lokltand JHdonJ: call L;n^L r !i 0 r U !| htg , 00 rl h T a!r ° C ° g ’r C y ° U that difeourfe touching the Poet, Hyacinth which thereto e T fl rh d -° f ^ '**??’ was formcrl y vnfit! y P" into the chapter of H yacinth s . ’ w hich M.^rr^^ torCteredK> hlS dl!C pJaCe ’ “Voa may fee by Dodonlus, t There is a Lilly which OttiJ^Metnmnfh.lib. r o. calls Hyacinths, of the boy ttuciKtbs of e blond he feigneth that this floure fprang,whc-n he peri died as he was playing with "/p!h. fo; Of the Kiftorie of Plants. forvvhofe fake, he faith, that Apollo did print certaine letters and notes of his mourning.Thefe are his words : Fccecrnor,qiiififns htimo fignauerat herb as , Dcfmit ejfe cruor,Tqribquemtentior ofiro Flos oritur, forrnamque capit,quam Lilia, fi non Purpureas color his argentcus ejfct iniltis . qgon fatis hoc Phcebo eft, ( is enimfuit anchor honoris ) jpfe fuosgemitus folijs inferibit, & ai ai, Flos habet i»fcriptur»,funejlaque Utemdutfaejl. Which lately were elegantly thus rendred in Englifh by M. Sands .• Behold ! the bloud which late the grafle had dy’de Was now no bloud : from thence a fioure fullblovvne. Far brighter than the Tyrian fcarletlhone: Which feem'd the fame, or did referable right A Lilly, changing but the red to white. Nor fo contented, (for the Youth receiu’d That grace from Pheeburt) in the leaucs he wean d The fad imprellionof his fighs, Ai, Ai, They now in funerallchara \, s \ Lib. i. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. iy5 Likevvife yirgill hath written hereof in the third Eclog of his Bucolicks. Et me Phoebus arnitt, Phcebo fuafemper apudme Mttnerafunt , lours & fuaue rubens Hyacinth no. Phoebus lottes me, his gifts I alwayes haue. The e’re greene Laurel, and the Iacinfh braue. In like manner alfo Nemefianus inhis fecond Eclog ofhis Bucolicks : T e fine me , mifero mihi Lilia nigra i uidentur , Pa/lcntefque Rofst , nec dulce rubens Hyacinthus : At ft tu ve/iias, & Candida Lilia fient Purpur toque Rofe, fr dulce rubens Hyacinthus. Without thee, Loue, the Lillies blackedo feemc ; The Rofes pale, and Hyacinths I deeme Not lonely red. But if thou corn'll tome, Lillies are vvhite, red Rofe and Iacinths be. The Hyacinths are faid to be red which Ouid calleth purple ; for the red colour is fomtimes ter- med purple. Now it is thought this Hyacinthus is called Ferrurineus, for that it is red ofa rufty iron colour : for as the putrifadion of braffe is named Aerugo ■ fo the corruption of iron is called Ter rugo, which from the reddifh colour is Ailed alfo Rubigo. And certainly they are not a few that would haue Color ferruginous to be fo called from the ruft which they thinke Ferrwro. Yet this opi- n * on dS noc allowed of by all men j for fome iudge, that Color ferruginous is inclining to a blew for that when the belt iron is heated and wrought, when as it is cold againe it is ofa colour neere vnto Dlew, which from Ferrum (or iron) is called Ferruginous. Thefe latter ground themfelues vnon ^Vm s authorise, who in the fixth of his -ru a ,v. A The Tfiture. nr3, h yy 1CfC nu ll,y ^ as r,dm faith ) is Ofamixt temperature, partly of thinne and partly confumc away. LI1CC ' 1 * roocandleai,es do dry and cleanfe, and moderately digefl,or walk and Tl i r u i. i %The Vertues. The Ieaucs of the herbe applied are good againft the flinging of Serpents. and T v'c“ b0, ' d “ dte,nF ” Jwi,h ' ,1 ” g ' , "' s " J “ s " n “ bl,tni ”S ! .™' i I'«kgteenrand s < M Of the Hiftorie of Plants. D Thefameftampedwtthhoneycureththewoundedfitjewesandmembersoutofioynt. It takes away thc-morphew, wrinkles, and deformitie of the face. E Stamped with Vineger, the leaues of Henbane, and wheat mea!c, it remoueth hot fuellings of the ftones, the y ard,and matrix . F The roots boyled in Wine (faith Pliny) caufeth the comes of the feet to fall away within few ' dayes,with remouing the medicine vntill it haue wrought his effect. G Being drunke in honied water, they driue out by fiege vnprofitable blond. Chap. 104* Of n 5 \fountaine Lillies ; TheDefcription. i He great mountaine Lilly hath a clouedbulbe or fcaly root liketothofe oftheKed I Lilly, yellow of colour, very fmall in refpc&of the greatnefleofthe plant : Fromthc which rifeth vp a ftalke, fometinres two or three, according to the age ol the plant ; whereof the middle ftalke commonly turneth from his roundneffe into aflat forme, as thofe of the white Lilly of Conftantinople. Vponthefe ftalkes do grow faire leaues of ablackifli greene colour, in roundles and fpaces as the leaues ofWoodroofe, notvnlike to the leaues of white Lil- lie, but fmallerat the top of the.ftalkes. The floures be in number infinite, or at the le-aft hard to be counted, very rhicke fetor thruft together, of an ouerworne purple, fpotted on the infide with many fmall fpecksofthe colour of rufty iron. The whole floure doth turneit felfebackeward at fuch time as the Sunne hath call his beamesvpon it, like vnto the TulipaorTurkes Cap, as the Lilly or Martagon of Conftantinople doth •, from the middle whereof doe come forth tender pointalls with finall dangling pendants hanging thereat, of the colour the floure is fpotted with. 1 lalittm monunim mu] m. The great mountaine Lilly. * Lilittm montmim m'mssl Small Mountaine Lilly* Lib. u Of the Hiilory of Plants. ip 7 2 The (mall mountaine Lilly is very like vnto the former inrcot,leafe,ftaIke and floures -dif fering m thefe points ; The whole plant i: . (fir, the liaike netier leaueth his round forme and fo-i" retfa fewer floures. 5 t There are two or three more varieties of thefe plants mentioned byCluTius ■ the one of this leflerkrnde,with floures on the ontfideofa flefh colour, find on the inlide white,, with b'ackifh fpots ; as alfo another wholly white without fpots. The third varictie is like the firft, but differs in that theiloures blow latcr 3 and fmell fweet. Thefe plants grow in the woody mountaines of Styria and Hungarie, and alfo in fuch like pla- ces on the North of Francfort,vpontheTff cent. f The fmali fort I liaue had many yeares growing in my garden-, but the greater I haue not had till of late, giuen me by my foiling friend M. lames Garret Apothecarie of London. «j The Time. Thefe Lillies of the mountaine floure at fuch time as the common white Lilly doth and fome- times looner. 3 The Names, The great mountaine Lilly is called o^Tabernamontanus , Lilium S dracenicum jvcceiuedbv Mailer Garret aforefaid from Lille in F landers, by the name of CM art agon Imperiale : of fome Lilium Sara- tcnicum mas : It is H cmerocallis jlore rtibello 5 of Lobcl, The fmali mountaine Lilly is called in Tatine, Lilium montamm , and Lilium ftluetlri : n't Dodo- nans, Hemerocallis : of others , Mart agon : but neither truly .■ for that there is ofeither, other Plants properly called by the fame names. In high Dutch it is called ©OlMuuttt, from the yellowneife of the roots : in low Dutch, JbtltltcnS ban CalUACten J in Spanifh, Lino Amarillo in French Lis Sauvage : inEnglifh, Mountaine Lilly. 5 The Nature and Venues. There hath not beene any thing left in writing either of the nature or Vertues of thefe plants : notwithftandingvve may deeme, that God which gaue them fuch feemely and beautifull fhape' hath not left them without their peculiar vertues 3 the finding out whereofweleaue to the learned and iriduftrious Searcher of Nature. Chap. io?. Of the Tied L illie of Qonjlantinople. I Lilium BiZ^antinum. $ 2 Lilium By^antinumfo. furfur ofanruineo' The red Lnly of Conftantinople. The Byzantine purplifb fanguine-coloured Lilly." Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 198 L I b. r. The Befcription. 1 rTpHetedLillyofConftantinoplc hath a yellow fcaly or cloned Root like vnto the I Mountaine Lilly, but greater : from the which arifeth vp a faire fat ftalke a finger thicke,ofadarke purplifh colour toward the top ; which iometimes doth turne from his naturall roundneffe into a flat forme, like as doth the great mountaine Lilly : vpon which ftalk grow fundry faire and moil beautifull flourcs, in fhapeiikethofe of the mountaine Lilly, but of greater beauty, feeming as it were framed of red wax, tending to a red leade colour. From the middle of the floure commeth forth a tender pointall or peftell, and likewife many finall chines tipped with Ioofe pendants. The floure is ofa reafonable pleafant fauour. Theleauesarc eonfu- fedly fet about the llalke like thofc ofthe white Lilly, but broader and fhorter. t 2 This hath a large Lilly-like root, from which arifeth a ftalke fome cubit; or more in height, fet confufedly with leatles like the precedent. The flourcs alfo referable thole of the laft deferibed, but vfually are more in number, and they are of a purplifh fanguine colour. $ 3 LiluimBy\at>tinum flo.dilnteru- bente. The light red Byzantine Lilly. X 4 Lilitim Byzanumim miniatuni polyanthus. The Vermilion Byzantine many- 3 This differs little from the laft, but in the colour of the floures, which ate ofa lighter red colour than thofe of the firft deferibed . The leaues and ftalkes alfo, as Clufius obferueth , are of a lighter greene. 4 This mayalfomorefitly betermedavarietie from the former, than otherwife : for accor- ding to (iufuis, the difference is onely in this, that the floures grow equally from the top of the ftalke, and the middle floure rifes higher than any of the reft, and fometimes confifts of twelue leaues as itwereatwinne,as you may perceiueby the figure. $ qj The Time. They floure and flonrifh with the other Lillies. ®I T, -' ; Of the Hiftory of Plants. The Names. The Lilly of Conftantinople is called likcwife in England, Martagon of Conftantinople : of Utbel, HemcrocatLs Chalcedonies, and hkewtfe Lilium BiZantmum .• of the Turks it is called ,,, . of the Venetians, Marocali. ymm. %The Nature and Virtues. Ot the nature or vertues there is not any thing as yet fet down, but it is elf eemed efpecially for deration 112 ^ rareneffc ° f the floure 5 refernn S vvhat ma y be gathered hereof to a further con'fi- * Chap, io 6 . Of the narrow leaned reflex Lillies. The Defcriftion. it Tp*He root of this is not much vnlike that of other Lillies . the ftalke is fome cubit X high, or better^ the leaues are many and narrow, and of a darker green than thole i .. of the ordinarie Lilly^the floures are reflex, like thofe treated ofin the laft chap. Ofa red or Vermilion colour. This floures in the end of May : wherefore Ckfuts calls it Lilium ru- brumpracox, The early red Lilly. 1 J 2 This Plant is much more beautiful! than the lalldefcribed, theroots are like thofeofLiL lies, the ftalke fome cubit and an halfe in height, being thicke let with fmall graflie leaues . The lioures grow out one aboue another, in lhape and colour 1 ike thole ofthe laid deferibed , but oft- times R $ i Lilium ritbrum an^ujlifolium. The red narrow leaued Lilly. cfl. vAAA/V- vv 1 , vvas fnppofed tobe the true Satyrion o i Diofcorides, after that it was chenfhed, and the vertues thereof found out by the ftudious l'carchers of nature.Little difference hath bin found-betwixt that plan t of Diofcorides and this Dens cantnus, except in the colour, whicli (as you know) doth commonly vary according to the diuerfitie ofplaces where they grow as it falleth outin Squilla, Onions, and the other kindes of'bulbous plants. It hath moft commonly 3 ver } rieldome three ■ which leafe in fhape is very like to allium rrftmm, or Ramfons though farre lelfe. The leaues turnedowne to the groundward; the ftalke is tender and flexible’ like to Cyclamen or Sow-bread, about an handfull high, bare and without leaues to the root ' The proportion ofthe floure is like thatofSaffron-orthe Lilly Home, full of ftreames of a purplifh white colour The root is bigge,and like vnto a date, with fome fibres growing from it : vnto the faid root is a finall flat halfe round bulbe adioyning, like vnto Gladiolu-s, or Corn-flao- 2 The fecond kinde is farre greater and larger than the firft, in bulbe, ftalke, leaues floure and cod feyeeldeth two leaues for the mod part, which do clofe one within another, and at the fi-ft ik7r£ C T h r C r . he fl a l n f< ? •?. ng as L lC brl “g s not his floure) it feemes to haue but one leafe ke the Tulipa s, and like the Lillies, though fhorter, and for the moft part broader • wherefore I Haue placed it and his kindes next vnto the Lillies.befbre the kinds of Orchis or ftones The leaues bmht rif ret ?r re | fp0ttCd 7 o h many grMC fp0tS ofaciarke P ur P Ie c °lour , and narrow below but by little and little toward the top wax broad, and after that grow to be fharpe pointed, in form fomewhat neere Ramfons, but thicker and more oleous. When the leaues be wide opened th” floure fheweth it felfe vpon his long weake naked ftalke, bowing toward the earth-ward , which floure confifteth of fix very long leaues of a fine delayed purple colour, which with the heat of the • unneopeneth it lei fe, and bendeth his leaues backe againe after the manner of the Cyclamen floure, within which there are fix purple chines, and a white three forked ftile or peftell. This floure isofnopleafintfmell,butcommendableforthebeauty .-when the floure is faded there iucceedeth a three fquare huske or head, wherein are the feeds, which are very like them of Leucoi urn btilbofum pracox-, but longer, flenderer, and ofa yellow colour. The root is lone thicker below tlwnaboue/etwirhmanywhitefibres, waxing very tender in the vpper part, hauing one or more cinf th h ni00ts ’, from ; vhlch thc ftalke ar ' f cth out of the ground (as hath been frid)brin- v ^ing rorth two leaues, and not three, or oncly one, fane when it will not floure, 3 7 he ‘1 f J O S3 204 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Li B. I. , T l le t hifd kinde is in all things like the former, fane in the leaues, which are narrower, and in the colour of the floure, which is altogether white, or confifting ofa colour mixt of purple and white. Wherefore fith there is no other difference, it fhall fuffice to haue fatd thus much for the deicription. r «|J The Place. Thefe three plants grow plentifully at the foot of certain hills in the greene and moift grounds of Cermanie and Italy, in Styria not far from Gratz, as alfo in Modena andBononia in Italy, and likewife in fome of thechoice gardens of this countrey. *| TheTimc. They floure in April!, and fometimes fooner,as in the middle of March . i Dens caninus florc alio angujlioribus folijs. j Dens caninus. Dogs tooth. White Dogs tooth. The Names. This plant is called in Latine, Dens caninus-, and fome haue iudged it Satjnum Erythronium. Manhiolus calls it Pfeudohcrmodattylus. The men of the countrey where it groweth call it 3Cj)0lI= touttg* and the Pby fitians about Styria call it D entail . The fecoud may for diftinAions fake be termed Dots caninus florealbo, anguporibuo folijs ; that is, Dogs tooth with thewhite floure andnar- row leaues. The Nature. Thefe are ofa very hot temperatnent,windie,and of an excrementitious nature, as may appeare by thevertues. •[[ TheVertues. . The Women that dwell about the place where thefe grew, and do grow, haue with great profit A p U t the dried meale or pouder of it in their childrens pottage, againft the wormes of thebelly . , Being drunke with Wine it hath been proued maruelloufly toaffwage the Collicke pafifion. It ftrengthneth and nourifheth the body in great meafure, and being drunkevvith water it cu- reth children of the falling ficknefle. Chap. L i b. i. Of the Hiflorie of Plants. 205 Chap. no. Of T)ogs ft ones . ThcKindcs. S Tones or Tefticles, as Diefcorides faith, are of two forts, one named Cynoforchis or Dogs ftones the other Orchis Serapias^ or Serapias his ftones. Butbecaufe there be many and fundrv other forts differing one from another, I fee not how they may be contained vnder thefe two kinds onely : therefore lhaue thought good to diuide them as follovveth. The firft kind vvehaue named Cynoforchis, or Dogs ftones : the &cond.,Tejlictilus CMorionisftr Fooles ftones : the third Traoorchis or Goats ftones : the fourth, Orchis Serapias, or Serapia's ftones : the fifth Teftuulus odor ulus or lweet fmelling ftones, or zHtoxCordits ^T cJHchIus P urnilio,o\ Dwarfe ftones. f 1 Cynoforchis minor. Great Dogs ftones. f 2 Cynoforchis mayor altera. White Dogs ftones. If The Defcription. 1 f !°" eS hat , h foure > and f oraetimes fine, great broad thicke leaues/omtvhat V_J like thofe of the garden Lilly, but fmaller. The ftalke ri'feth vp a foot or more in „ 1 a height . at the top whereof doth grow a thicke tuft of carnation or horfe-flefh colon infiha >nr ft thlCk ^ C thmft together, made of many fmall floures'fpotted witli ptrpkfoots Tn t0 h °° d 0r llelmet - And from the hollow place there hangeth forth a cermin > T §!3 cdc hh le or taflel ,m fhape like to the skmne of a Dog,or fome fuch other foure footed beaft Tl^roots be round like vnto the ftones ofa Dog, or two o!iues,one hanging fomevSt fHortel moft is the er K wheieQf the higheft or vppermoft is the fmaller, but fuller and harder. The lower- e e ’§ lte ft 3 and moft wrinkled or fhriueled, nor good for any thine. thofoofthefi^^indl 110 ^ 5 ’^!! 1 fmooth,Iong broad ltaues,but Jeffer and narrower than the fame rounrl ahr, cj- r .‘hke is a lpan long, fet with fine orfix leaues clafping or embracing he lame round about. His fpikre floure is foort, thicke, b,ifov,compa£tor many fmall whitifti purple zo 6 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. purple coloured floures, fpotted on the infide with many fmall purple fpots and little lines or ftreakes The fmall floures are like an open hood or helmet, hauing hanging outofeuery one as it were the body of a little man without a head, with armes ftretched out, and thighes ftradling abroad, after the fame manner almoft that the little boyes are wont to be piftured hanging out of Sat times mouth. The roots be like the former. . ... , . c , Spotted Doo-s ftones bring forth narrow leaues, ribbed in fome fort like vnto the Ieaues ot narrow Plaintaine or Rib-wort, dafht with many blacke ftreakes and fpots. The ftalke isacubic and more high : at the top whereof doth grow a tuft or eare of violet-coloured floures, mixed with a darke purple, but in the hollowneffe thereof whitifti , not of the fame forme or firape that the others are of, but leffer,andas it were refembling fomewhat the floutes of J.arkes-ipur. The toots ” 4. ' Marifh Doo-s (tones haue many thicke blunt Ieaues next the root, thick (freaked with lines or nerues like thofe of Plantaine. The floure is ofa whitifh red or carnation : the (talk and toots be like the former. •j j Cynoforchis maculata. Spotted Dogs ftones. 4 Cjnoforchis paluftris. • Marifh Dogs ftones. 4 : j Thishathfiueor(ixlittleleaues-,thcftalkeisfomehandfullorbetterinheight, feta- bout with fomewhat lefle leaues : the tuft of floures at the top of the ftalke are of a purple colour, final], with a white lip diuided into foure partitions hanging dovvne, which alfo is lightly fpotted with purple ; it hath a little fpurre hanging downe on the hinder part of each floure. The feed is finall, and contained in fuch twined heads as in other plants ofthiskinde. Therootsare likethe former, but much lefle. £ The Place. Thelekindes of Dogs ftones dogrow in moift and fertile medowes. The marifh Dogs ftones grow for the moft part in moift and waterifh woods, and alfo in marifh grounds. $ The 5 grovves in many hilly places of Auftria and Germanie. $ Lib. i. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. t 5 Cynoforchis m ixAu 4 u^jiktXorhx. ■ 20 7 *(1 The Names. The firft and fecond are of that kinde which Dtofcondes calleth Cynoforckos . thatis- in Enelifh Dogs ftones, after the common or vulgar fpeech • the one the greater, the other the lefier. 8 * * 4 : I This is Cynoforchis prior oi Dodonaics •, Cynoforchis no fra major of Lobei. 2 Dodonaus names this Cynoforchis altera. Label, Cynoforchis majoris fcunda fpecics, 3 This Lobei calls Cynoforchis Delphiniafyc . Taberti. Cynoforchis maudata. 4 Dodon&m calls this, Cynoforchis tertia : Lobei, Cynoforchis major altera no(lr,ts : Tabtrnam Cmr fore his major quarts. ^ 5 This is Cliifms his Orchis Pannonica quartet, TheTemperature, Thefe kindes of Dogs ftones be of temperature hot and moift-but the greater or fuller ftone feemeth tohaue much fuperfluous vvindineflej and therefore being drunke it ftirreth vp flefhly luft * _ The fecond, which is leffer, is quite contrarie in nature, tending to a hot and dry temperature - therefore his root is fo far from moiling venerie’ that contrariivife it ftaicth and keepeth it backe’ as Gdlen teacheth. ' 5 He alfoaffirmeth,that Serapia’s ftones are ofa more dry facultie,anddoenot fo much preuaile to ftirre vp the Juft of the flefh. The Vertues, Ttiof :orides vvriteth that it is reported , That if A men doe eate of the great full or fat ’roots of thefe kindes of Dogs ftones, they caufe them to beget male children ; and if women eate of the leffer dry or barren root which is withered or fhriueled, they {ball bring forth females. Thefe are fome Doctors opinions onely. It is further reported , That in ThefTalia the T , vyomengiue the tender full root to be drunke in W Goats milke, to rnoue bodily luft,and the dry to reftraine the fame. The Choice. Our age vfeth all the kindes of ftones to ftirre vp venery,and the Apothecaries mix any of them indifferently with compofitions feruing for that purpofe. But the beft and moft effetfuall are thefe Dogs ftones, as moft haue deemed.-yet both the bulbes or ftones are not to be taken indiffe- rently, but the harder and fuller, and that which containes moft quantity ofiuyce ,for that which is wrinkled is Ic-fle profitable, or notfitatallto be vied in medicine. And the fuller root is not alwaies the greater, but often the leffer, efpccial- ly if the roots be gathered before the pfant hath fhed his floure,or when the ftalke firft commetli ■ f r „- ra nu r , , . _ . V P ;f" or that which is fuller of iuyee is not the reared before the feed be perfeaiy ripe. For feeing that euery other yeare by cour'fe one done or ulbewaxethfun, the other empty and penfheth, it cannot be that the harder and fuller of iuyee Ihoiud be alwaies the greater , for at fuch time as the leaucs come forth, the fuller then beginns to encreafe andwhilftthe fame by little & little encreafeth, the other doth decreafe and wither till tne leed be ripe : then the whole plant, together with the leaues and ftalkes doth forthwith fall away and perifh, and that which inthemeanetimeencreafed, remaineth ftill frcfli and full vnto tne next yeare. f The fijites of As firS and fceond were trani - ; nfed in the forme. Etfli-on ; the third wit of the C]tnfoxh'S mom tuo, fellotvingio the next chapter. Chap, Of the Hiftorie of Plants. B. i. C h a p. 1 1 1. Of Fool.es Stones. The Vcfcriftion. i rn He male Foole ftones hath fiue,fometimes fix long broad and fmooth leaues, not vn- | like totbofe of the Lilly, fauing that they are dafht and fpotted in fundry places with blacke fpots and ftreakes. The floures grow at the top, tuft or fpike falhion, fomewhat like the former, but thruft more thicke together, in fhape like to a fooles hood, or cocks combe, wide open, or gaping before, and as it vverecreftedaboue, with certaine eares {landing vp by euery fide, and a fmall taile or fpur hanging downe, the backefide declining to a violet colour, ofa pleafant fauour or fmell. t i Cjnofirchti Mono mat. The male Foole ftones. ■ QrrcJ^> /KK'L/X a Cynoforcbis Morio faemina. The female Foole ftones. d) rr (btA Ztcl-g- i The Female Fooles ftones haue alfo fmooth narrow leaues, ribbed with nerues like thofe of Plantaine. The floures be likewife gaping, and like the former, as it were open hoods, with a little home or heele hanging behinde euerie one of them, and fmall greene leaues forted or mixed among them,refembling cockes combes, with little cares, not ftanding ftraight vp, but lying flat vpon the hooded floure, in fuch fort, that they cannot at the hidden view be perceiued.The roots are a paijre of fmall ftones like the former. The floures of this fort doe vane infinitely in colour, according to the foile or countrey where they do grow : fome br ing forth their floures ot a deepe violet colour, fome as white as fnow ; fome of a flefh colour, and fome garmfhed with lpots of di- uers colours,which are not poffible tobediftinguifhed. ± 3 This hath narrow fpotted leaues, with a ftalke fome foot or more high, at the top wher- of 2;rovveth a tuft of purple floures in fhape much like thofe of the laft deferibed, each floure con- lifting of a little hood, two fmall wings or fide leaues, and a broad lippe or leafe hanging downe * * f The Of the Hiftory of Plants. t 3 Cjnoforchis Mono minor . The lefler fpotted Fooles tones.-. t Tliegrll »«of fliw/irdi MU, being the third in the forme, chapter. f The Place, Tliefe kindes of Fooles tones do grow natu- Snd eft liknj in palWs°and field, that feldome or neuer are dunged or manured. The Time. Theyfloure in May and lime. Tlieir tones are to be gathered for medicine in September, as are thofe of the Dogs tones. f The The firilis called Cynoforchis Mono Jins Orchis mas anguffolia . of Af» lei«s >S atyrio» ■ Ceima° “ “ dK oi Cornelius t i / ^^ e ,^ COnc * I s C 'l no f orc his morio fatmina of L ° beL: Orchis onguftifoliafiemin.QiFuchfim ■ Tc- Jticulus Morioms faemtna of Dodonaus. r/u } Thls 1S c 1™fa(his minimis & fccuhdum caulem, cre, maculofis folijs, of Label, f U The Temperature. .... ■ U The Vernier. Thefe Fooles tones are thought to haue the ferred S ^ D ° SS ftt>nc% vvhcrcuOT0 they are re-t ' ' - h . : V The Description. ofthofefmall floury crookedly ranging one with a^mlie^^^ Parr Vme, or rather the laces or firings that row™ r I h ’ lk . e t0 the flnaJ ! tendrels of the long, wrapped about euen t^th^t'uft^ftlmflr^ C ° th °f e ° f the garden Lilly, with a ftalke a foot m this bufh.or tuft be very finaU Tn forl m ' Wlth T rhofe J h ‘ s Mes. The floures which mow tailes, and fpottedheads/Euery of thefe fm^llfl 1110 aLlzar ^ b . ec ' ul ‘e of the twifted or writer bignefTe ofa peafe, which ft flourcs 15 « the firft like a round clofchuske S or taile, white toward the fettino- ofitroH commetl1 xit of it a little long and tender fpurrr let, hauing many floums on thfmSmblillg' 'the fl”s \tn fe they be much C ™'- Hones or roots, as al fo the fmell are like the former. & f PJU 0r r ‘ lthcr ticks - The * S Of fonts Stones. t 4 ThtSj 1, & Eg* 210 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lib. i. I Trugorchis maximm . The greajeft Goat ftones- 3 TJ ^orchis feeminn . ^ ° The female Goats ftones^ a '[rugorchismas . The male Goat ftones. 6 - 't.j ’■ t Via V ■ C ( 'X -1 A k Vvi £ i Tragorchis minor 'Botoulfd. Jhe fmall Goat ftones of Hollands 0 t-c/lwi- P -a* — "^G Lib. i. Of the Hiftorfe of Plants. | 4 Thisalfobecaufeof the vnpleafant fmell may fitly be referred to this Claflls Theroots hereof are fmal!,and from them arife a ftalke fome halfe a foot high,befet with three or fonre nar row leaues : the tuft of fkmres which grOweth on the top of this ftalke is fmal 1 * and the colour of them is red without, but fomewhat paler within j each floure hanging dovvne a lippe parted in three. | 51 The Place. i. 2. 3. Thefekindcs of Goats ftones.delight to grow in fat clay grounds, and feldome in any other foile to be found. t 4 This growes vpon the fea bankes in Holland , and alfo in fome places neere vnto the Hage. $ 5f The Time. They floure in May and Iune with the other kindes of Orchis. 5| TbeNames. t i Some haue named this kind of Goats ftones in Greeke, : in Larine, Tefiiculus Hir. elms, and alfo Orchis Saurodcs, or Scincophora, by reafon that the floures refemble Lizards. The fecond may be called T ragonhis mas, male Goats ftones ; and Orchu Smrodes , or 'scmcopha ra. 9 as well as the former. *■ The third, Trworchisfcemim , as alfo Coriofmitcs, and Coriophora, for that the floures in ihapeand their vngratefull fmell refemble Ticks, called in Greeke . f 1 IT The Nature and Venues. The temperature and vertues of thefe are referred to the Fooles ftones, notvvithftanding thev are feldome or neuer vfed in phyfick, in regard of the ftinking and loathfome fmell and fauor they are poffeffed with, OjFox Stones: f 2 Tefticulus pfy codes. Gnat Sa.tyrion, 0 IcA lf>> Pi CA-o Ch 1 Orchis Hermaphroditict. Butter-fly Satyrion, cl — - A P. 1 1 1 1 z Of the Fiiftorie of Hants, L I B. I. ^ the Kindts. T Here be diuers kindes of Fox-ftones, differing very much in fhape of their Jeaues, as alfo in floures : feme haue floures wherein is to be fecne the fhape of fundry forts ofiiuing creatures- fome the drape and proportion of flies, in other gnats, fome humble bees, others like vnto honey Bees i, fome like Butter-flies, and others like Wafpes that be dead ; fome yellow of colour,others white; fome purplemixed with red, others ofabrpwne ouer-worne colour:the which feuerally todiftrnguidi,asvvcllthofeherefet downe,as alfo thofe that offer themfelues dayly to our view and confideration, would require a particular volume; for there is not any plant which doth offer filch varietie vnto vs as thefe kindes of Stones, except the T ulipa’s, which go beyond all account : for that the moft lingular Simpleft that euer was in thefe later ages ^Carolus Clnfim (who for his Angular induftrie and knowledge herein is worthy triple honour) hath fpent at the leaf! flue and thirty yeares, fowing the feeds of Tulipa’s from yeare to yeare, and to this day he could neuer at- tainc to theendorcertaintieoftheir feuerall kmdes of colours. The greateftriafonwhereof that I can yeeld is this ; that if you take the feeds of a Tulipa that bare white floures, and fow them in fome pan or tub with earth, you fhallreceiue from that feed plants of infinite colours : contrari- wife, if you fow the feeds of a plant that beareth floures of variable colours, the moft of thofe plants will be nothing like the plant from whence the feed was taken. It (hall be fufficient therefore to fet downe moft of the varieties, and comprehend them in this chapter. The Dcfcription. x T) Vtter-fly Orchis,or Satyrion, beareth next the root two very broad leanes like thofe of j) the Lilly, feldome three : the floures be white of colour , refembling the fhape of a Butter-fly : the ftalke is a foot high ; the root is two ftones like the other kindes of ftones or Cullions, but fomewhat fharper pointed. • - - — — ' jif 3 T efiiculus V ulp'tnus z.Jphcgodes. Humble Bee Orchis. 4 Tcflictilus Vulpinus major fphegodes. Wafpe Orchis. 2 Wafpe Satyrion commeth forth of the ground, bearing two,fomtimes three Ieaues like the former, b ut much fmaller. The ftalke groweth to the height of an hand, whereon are placed very orderly final 1 floures like in fhape to Gnats, and of the fame colour. The root is like the former. 3 The ' I B. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 21 ? 3 The Humble Bee Orchis hath a few fmall vveake and Ihort leaues, which grow fcatterino-lv about the ftalke: the floures grow at the top among the fmall leaues, rcfembllng m drape the humble Bee. The root conlifteth oftwoftonc-s or bulbcs,vvith fome few threds annexed there unto. uc ‘ 4 The' yVafpeSatyriongrowcth out of the ground, bailing ftalkes fmall and tender The kaues are like the former but fomewhat greater , declining to abrovvne or darke colour.' The floures be fmall, of the colour of a dry Oken leafe,in diape refembling the great Bee called in E n glilh an Hornet or drone Bee. The root is like the other. 5 The leaues of Bee Satyrion are longer than the lad before mentioned , narrower turnino- themfelues againft the Sun as it were round. The ftalke is round, tender, and very frafo k At the top grow the floures, refembling the drape of the dead carkalfe of a Bee. The ftones°or bulbes of the roots be fmaller and rounder than the laft defcribed. 6 The Fly Satyrion is in his leaues like the other, failing that they be not of fo dark a colour • the floures be fmaller and more plentifully growing about the ftalke, in ftrapelike vuto flies ofa greemfti colour. 1 > f J Orchis CMelitti.is. Bee Orchis. f 6 Orchis Myodcs. ^ y ca J ry > o*. [f. ji) ^ ' 7 Yellow Orchis rifeth out of the ground with browne leaues, fmaller than the laft before mentioned : the ftalk is tender and crooked. The floures grow at the top yellow of colour,in diape refemblrng the yellow flies bred in the dung of Kinc after raine. i T j he „ „ U y. e i low Satyrion hath leaues fpread vpon the ground,-at the firft comming vp- thefleMer ftalke rifeth vp in themidft,ofhalfeahand high. The floures grow fcatteringly to- ward the top, rcfembling the flies laft before mentioned, darke or rufty of colour. The ftonesor bulbes are very round. .9 Biids Orchis hath many large ribbed leaues, fpread vpon the ground like vntothofe of Plan- tame • among the which rife vp tender ftalkes couered euen to the tuft of the floures with the like eaues, but lefler, in fuch fort that the ftalkes cannot be fecne for the leaues". The floures grow at the top, not fo thicke let or thvuft together as the others, purple of colour, like in fhape vnto little Birds, with their wings fpread abroad ready to fly. The roots be like the former. io Spotted Birds Satyrion hath leaues like vnto the former, fitting chat they be dallied or S 3 fpotred \yy* ' v V'>~ \ \ - ' ' Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 214 fpotted here and therewith darke fpots or ftreakes, bailing a ftalke couered with the like leaues, fo that the plants differ not in any point, except the blacke fpots which this kinde is dafht with. 11 White Birds' Satyrion hath leaues riling immediately forth of the ground like vnto the blades or leaues of Leekes, but fliorter ; among the which rifeth vpa (lender naked ftalke two handfiills high ■ on'the top whereof be white floures refembling the fhape or forme of a fmall bird ready to fly, or a white Butter-fly with herwings fpread abroad. The roots are round, and fmaller than any of the former. r , , 12 'Souldiers Satyrion bringeth forth many broad large and ribbed leaues, Ipred vpon the ground like vnto thofe of the great plantaine : among the which rifeth vp a fat ftalke full of flip or iu vee cloathed or wrapped in the like leaues euen to the tuft of floures, whereupon do grow little floures refembling a little man hauing a helmet vpon his head, his hands and legges cutoff, white vpon the infide, fpotted with many purple fpots, and the backe part of the floure of a dee- per colour tending to rednclfe. The roots be greater than any of the other kindes of Satynons. | 7 Orchis Myodcs Listen , Yellow Satyrion. I p Orchis Myodes minor. Small yellow Satyrion. 1 . Souldiers Cullions hath many leaues fpread vpon the ground , but lelfer than the foldiers Satyrion as is the whole plant . The back fide of the floures are fomwhat mixed with whitenefle, and fometimes are aih coloured : the infide of the floure is fpotted with white likevvife. 14 Spider Satyrion hath many thinne leaues like vnto thofe ofthe Lilly, fcatteringly fet vp- on a weake and feeble ftalkpvhereupon doth grow fmall floures, refemb ling as well in fhape as co- lour the body ofa dead humble Bee, * or rather of a Spider ; and therefore I thmke Labels ho was the Author of this name, would hauc (aid Arachnitis, of a Spider, t X 15 This by right fhould haue beene put next the Gnat Satyrion, defcribed in the iecond place. It hath fhort yet pretty broad leaues,and thofe commonly three in number, befides thofe fmall ones (ctvpon the ftemmc.The floures are fmall, and much like thofe ofthe fecond formet- ' V f C C i g Our Author gaue you this figure in the fourteenth place, vnder the title of Orchis An- Arachnitis • but it is of the Orchis 1 6 . minor oiTabernam. or Orchis AnguftifolU oiBauhintu. 1 bis Oi- chis is of the kinde ofthe Myodes, or Fly Satyrions,but his leaues ate farre longer and narrower Of the Li iftorie of Plants. z 1 6 L I B. I. than any of the reft of that kinde, and therein conftfts the onely and chiefeft difference, t Thefe kindes of Orchis grow for the raoft part in moift mcdowes and fertile paftures,as alfo in moift woods. The Bee, the Fly, and the Butter-fly Satyrionsdogrowvpon barren chalkie hills and heathie grounds, vpon the hils adioyriing toavillage in Kent named Green-hithe,vponlong field downes by South-fleet, two miles from the fame place, and in many other places of Kent : likewife in a field adioyning toafmall groue of trees, halfe a mile from Saint Albons,at the South end there- of. They grow likewife at Hatfield ncere S . Albons, by the relation of a learned Preacher there dwelling, M. Robert Abot,m excellent and diligent Herbarift. f 13 OrchiiStratetmutica minor, -j- 14 Orchis Andrachmtis . ThatkindewhichrefembleththevvhiteButter-flygroweth vpon thedeclimng of the illat the North end of Hampfted heath, neere vnto a fmall cottage there in the way fide, as yee go from London to Henden avillage thereby . It groweth in tfie fields adioyning to the pound or pinne- fold without the gate, at the Village called High-gate, neere London : and likewife in the woo belonging toa Worfhipfull Gentleman ofKentnamed Mafter-?ft%,of South-fleet-, vvheredoe grow likewife many other rare and daintic Simples, that are not to be found elfew here in 4 great The Place. Souldiers Cullions. Spider Satyrion. The Names. Thefe kindes of Orchis hauenot bin much writtenofby the Antients, neither by the late wri- ters to any purpofc,fo that it may content you for this time to recciue the names let don n in t *ei lUlUllUUUUi lYimuiun/y / . . . ■f content you for this time to recciue the names fet down in their feuerall Of the Hiftory of Plants. feuerall titles, referuing what clfe might befaid as touching the Greeke, or any generall definition vntill a further confederation . FrenchjOr Dutch Z1 7 names. $ xy Orchis trifolia minor. Small Gnat Satyrion. $ 1 6 Orchis tmgnflifolitt Narrow leaned Satyrion, nr 'll J "mature MdVertues. *« M« ofTriw. 'HAT. II 4* Of Sweet (fulliGns. or Stones, whereof the fir ft is moll fweetand white floures, others yellol^ ^.ou^differing m floureand roots.SomcSe waflr : fome haue two ftones, others tfeee and ^ vp ° n . w 5« e with a little roddifh tnree, and lome foure, wherein their difference confifteth. ' T'SSSsrS r»* - — - ■ limit Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lie. i. zi8 fmall white floures fpike fafhion, of a pleafant fvveet fmel.The roots are two fmall ftones in fhape like t l-tha brci . s ^ commonly three, yet fometimes foure bulbes or tuberous roots, fome- vvhat Iona, let with many fmall fibres or fhort threads, from the which roots rrfe immediately many flat and plaine leaues, ribbed with nerues aiongft them like thofe of Plantaine : among the which come forth naked ftalkes, fmall and tender , whereupon are placed certaine Imall white floures, trace fafli ion, not To Tweet as the former in fmell and fauour. $■ The top or the ltalke whereon the floures do grow, is commonly as if it were twifted or writhen .about. * 2 Friefeland Lady traces hath two fmall round ftones or bulbes, of the bigneffe of the peaje that we call Rouncifalls from the which rile vp a few hairy leaues, lefler than thofe of the triple ftones,ribbed as the fmall leafed Plantaine : among the which commeth forth a Imall naked (talk, fet round about with little yellow floures, not trace fafhion as the former. . . Liese Lady traces hath for his roots two greater ftones, and two fmaller ; from the which come vp two and fometimes more leaues, furrowed or made hollow in the midfthketo a trough, from the which rifeth vp a (lender naked ftalke, fet with fuch floures as the laft defcribed , failing that they be of an ouerworne yellow colour. I TeJHculusodordtus. Lady Traces. «]■ 'ThcFUce. Thefe kindes of Stones or Cullions do grow in dry paftures and heaths, and ’^wifevponchal- kie^iills,tlie which 1 haue found growing plentifully in j^g^crrovv^ikewdfc T^ftkwordi^Tyoii'j ^ftom Bwrfotdlo her MaieftEs houfe at Richmond , alfb v P° n Heathlay^villagenfere London called SKp ne y?by the relation of a horned tMrchant of Lon- don, named M. taw CV,, exceedingly well experienced m [the Clare ; n The yellow kindes grow in barren paftures and borders 6f fields about Ouende . - Lib. i. Of the Hiftorie of Plants. 1 1 9 Effex. Likewifeneerevnto Muche Dunmovv in EfTex, where they were fhewed me by a learned Gentleman Mafter lames Ttvaights, excellently well feene in the knowledge of plants . $ I receiued fome roots of the fecond from my kinde friend M. T homas Wallis of Weftmin- fler, the which he gathered at Dartford in Kenr,vpon a piece of ground commonly called the Brimth : but I could not long get them to grow in a garden, neither do any of the other Satyrions loue to be pent vp in fuch ftraight bounds, f j Orchis Frifialutca. Ftiefeland Lady-traces, The Time, Thefe kindes of ftones do floure from Auguft to the end Of September . The Names. The firft is called in Latine Tefiiculm Odoratus : in Englifb, Sweet fmelling Tefticles or ftones, not of the fweetnefleof the roots, but of the floures. It is called alfo Orchis ftir alls, or Autumnalis , for that this (as alfo that which is fet forth in the next place) hath the top of the ftalke as it were twifted or twined fpire fafhion,and for that it commeth to flouring in Autumne :of our Englifh women they be called Lady-traces but euety countrey hath a feuerall name ; for fome call them Sweet Ballocks, fvveet Cods, fweet Cullions, and Stander-grafle, In Dutch, LUlflbCtllitfUIt, and S>tOnMctattt *. In French, Satyr on. , The fecond fort is called Triorchis, and alfo Tetrorchis : in EnglilTnTnple Lady-traces,or white Orchis- The third is called orchis Frifia : in Englifh Friefeland Orchis. . The laft of thefe kindes of Tefticles or Stones is called of fome in Latine, Orchis Leod, enfs,. and Orchis Lttteajxs alfo Baftlica minor Serapias ,a.aATriorchis *Al"inet£ -• In EnglifhjYellow Lady-traces. «|j TheTemperoture. Thefe kindes of fweet Cullions are of nature and temperature like the Dogs ftones , although not vfed in Phyficke in times paftj notwithftanding later Writers haue attributed fome vertues vntothemas followed!. The Vertues. The full and flippy roots of Lady-traces eaten or boyled in milke, and drunke^ prouoke venery, A nourifh and ftrengthen the body, and be good for fuch as be fallen into a Confumption or Feuer Heai< l Ue - " Chap. 4 Orchis Leochenfis. Liege Lady-tracesi / 220 Of the Hiflorie of Plants. Lib. i. Chap, i i 5. Of Satjrion T^oyalL The Defcription. i r T“' , He male Satyripn royal hath large roots, knobbed, not bulbed as the others, but bran- chcd or cut into fundry feitions like an hand, from the which come vp thick and fat ftalkes fetwith large Itaues like thole of Lillies,butldTe ; at the top whereofgrow- eth a tuft of floures, fpotted with a deepe purple colour. 1 PulmuChrijHmas . Tfce mgle §atyriop, C T&i 2 PalmdChri/liftemina. The female Satyrion Royall. 2 The female Satyrion hath clouen or forked roots, with fome fibres ioyned thereto. The leauesbe like the former, but finaller and narrower, and confuled ly dafhed or fpotted with black fpots : from the which fpringethvpatenderftaIke,atthetopwhereofdothgrowa tuft of purple floures, in fafhion like vnto a Friers hood, changing or varying according to thefoile and clymar, fometimes red, fometimes white, and fometimes light carnation or flelh colour. f 3 This in foots and leaues is like the former, but that the leaues want the black fpots, the llalke is but low, and the top thereof hath floures ofa whirifh colour, not fpotted : they on the foreliderelcmble gaping hopds, with eates on each fide, and abroad lip hanging down - thebacke partends inabroadobtutefpur. Thefe floures finell like Elder blolfomes. ^ The PUce. The royall Satyrions grow for the moll part in moift and fenny grounds, medowes, and Woods t hat are v cry moift and (hadowie. I haue found them in many places, efpecially in the midft of a Kc ?J ca,! ™ Swamefcombe wood neerc to Grauefend,by the village Swainefcombe,and likewife in Hanapfted wood foure miles from London. . ThcTtme. They ffoure in May and Iune, but feldome later. The ■IB. I. % 3 Orchis Palmata Pannonica S.Clnf. The Audrian handed Satyrion. Of the Hi ft or y of Plants. 221 5f. The Names-. t Royal Satyrion,or finger OPohis is cal- led in Latine, Palm* chnfii ; notwithdanding there is another herbe or plant called by the fame name, which othetvvifcris called Ricinus. This plant is called likewife of fome^Satyrium Bajilicum , or Satyrium regium. Some would haue it to be BuRetden, Dr BuRjdan Arahtm , but isiuicen faith BuReidcn is a woody Indian me- dicine : and Scrapio faith, Bttzeiden be hard white roots like thofe of Behen alhm,and that- it is an Indian drugibtit contrariwife the roots of Palma chrijli are nothing lefle than woody, fo that it cannot be the fame. CMatthiold would haue Satyrion royail to be the Digits Citrini of z^uicen ; finding fault with the Monkes which fet forth Commentaries vpon Mefues Compofitions , for doubting and lea- uingittothe iudgement Of the difereet Rea- der. Yet do we better allow of the Monkes doubt, than of t Matthiolus his affertion. For Auicens words be thefe ; What is zApthafafidi or Digiti Citrini ? and anfwering the doubt himfelfe,hefaith,Itis in figureor (hape like thepalmeofa mans hand, of a mixt colour betweene yellow and white, and it is hard, in which there is a little fweetneflbj and there is a Citrine fort dully and without fwedtnefle. Rhafis alfo in the lail booke of his Continent calls thefe, Digiti Crocei, or Saffron fingers j it , r „ „ , andhefaithitisagummeorveineforDyars. Now thefe roots are nothing Ietfe than ofa Saffron colour, and wholly vnfit for Dying. Where- fore without doubt thefe words of Auicen and Rhafis, in the cafes of men of iudgment do confirms. That Sasyrion Royail, of Palma fihnfii, are not thofe Digit, Citrini. The Germans call it CttlKfs Blum: the low Dutch, IJatlDChcnS erupt *. the French, Satyrion royal. 51 The Temper autre andVertues. ■ The Roots of Satyrion royail arc like to Cymfonhis or Dogs Rones, both in faiiour and fade, and therefore are thought by fume to be of like faculties. Yet Nicolaus Nicolus , in the chapter of the cure of a Quartaine Ague, faith, That theroots of Palma C befit areof force to purge vpward and downward ■ and that a piece of the root as long as ones thumbe damped and giuen with wine Before thefitcommeth rs a good remedieagaiud old Quartaines after purgation : and reporteth, 1 hat one Baltolus, after he had endured 44 fits, was cured therewith. onciuumoc , now the whole root ofth.s plant u not to long. And bcfttaAirnux is knownc to hue a .ortntoric or piir s fn s facultic. ” G h a f. nd. Of Ser-apids Stones. «] T he K mdes. 'T’Herebe fundry forts ofSerapias dones, whereof fome be male, others female • Come great and fome ofa fmaller kinde - varying likewife in colour of the floures, vVhereof fome be white, others purple ; altering according to the foile or cly mate, as thegreated part of bulbous, roots do. Moreouer, fome grow in marfliie and fenny grounds, and fome in fertile padures lying open to the Sun, varying likewife in the drape of their floures • retaining the forme of flies' But" ter-fltes,and Gnats, like thofe of the Fox dones, T f The Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lib. i 214 The Defer iftion. 1 nr He white handed Orchis or Satyrion hath long and large leaues, fpotted and darticd I- withblackefpots, from the which doth rife vp a fmall fragile or brittle ftalkeot two X hands high, hauing at the top a bufli or fpoky tuft ofwhite floures, like in ftape to thofeofi’aWC/ir//?i,whereofthisisakinde. Therootisthicke,fat,and full of iuyee, falhio- ned like the hand and fingers ofa man, with fome tough and fat firings faftnedto thevpperpart 2 Red handed Satyrion is a fmall low andbafe herbe, hauing a fmall tender ftalke let with two or three fmall leaues, like vntothofe of the Leeke,butfhorter. The floure groweth at the top tuft fafhion, of a glittering red colour, witharootfalhionedlikean hand, but letter than the 3 Serapia’s ftones,ormarifh Satyrion hath a thicke knobby root,diuided into fingers like thofeof Palma whercofitis akindc : from which rife thicke fat and fpongeous ftalkes, fee with broad leaues like thofe of Plantaine, but much longer, euen to the top of the tuft of floures * but the higher they rife toward the top the fmaller they are. The floure confifteth of many fmall hooded floures fomevvhatwhitifh, fpotted within with deepe purple fpots j the backfide of thefe little floures are V iolet mixed with purple . rj: j Serbia Bttrachites tltcreu The other Frog Satyrion. 4 Fenny Satyrion (or Serapia’s ftones) differeth little from the former, fauing that the leaues are fmaller, and fomcwhatfpotted,and the tuft of floures hath not fo manygreene leaues, nor fo long, mixed with the floures,neitherare they altogether of fo darke orpurplilh a colour as the for- mer. The roots are like thofe of the laftdrfcribcd. . , 5 Mountaine Orchis or Satyrion hath thicke fat and knobby roots , the one of them for the mod part being handed, and the other long. It growes like the former in ftalkes, leaues, and floures, but is fomewhat bigger, with the leaues fmoother, and more {hining. 6 Clouc Satyrion, or fvveet fmelling Orchis , hath flat and thicke roots diuided into fingers 'IB* r. Of the Hiftory of Plants. 2 Zf meth forth a fmall tender italke at the tOD VvliererXr^^ ! ' , ? dlI ‘ '' amon S which com- floures refembling Flies, but in fauour L fraell fike rheX^ClSSd ^ myC f 11 filled together with the root alfofet forth at full. £ ^ m ere at large exprelTed in a figure, 7 Gelded Satyrion hath leaues with nerues and finewes like to thofe of r>i#x rn r -ahiSSiSwss hands cut ofr, leaning for che root two logg legges dr fingers.^vith many ftrhgs°ififtned vnco the 8' Frog Satyrion hath fmaU flat leaues fetvpon a flendervveakeftem arrhethn, i, „ r atuftofliourescompaiaoffundrvfmallfloiirffi ; n n, t thetopwherofgrovves of it tooke his name. 1 The root^lM ftogges^here- certaine fibres annexed thereto. 5 ^ o fmall mifhapeniurrips with t 9 This alfo may fitly be added to the laft defcnbed, the rOot foewin* it rn F r,-. betweene the Serapia’s and Orchis. Iteroweth torhrhpitrlH-.sf.-i r In & It: tobeofakinde girting the (talke at their fetting on. The°floures On^t^ ^* 0 . tc ' eaues en- leaues ■ and if you lookevpon them in another nnftmv. rh £ lea Frogge, with their long ».he,efo ei «J„l> s iu s ^ ■ 1 ' • ‘ w «| The Time. Thefe Plants flourifh in the moneth ofMavand Iune hnrfpM™, r The Names. Temple at Canopus,where he was worfirinned with al 1 kindenfi^; ■ „ hadamoft famous dances, as we may reade in Strabo inhisfeuenteenthBooke Iafclluous wantonncfle, fongs,and Scrapiades, vnder the name of both* the S^tyriohs 1 and^hh^n*G irh c .° n f°unds the Orchides and and of the Latines, T, ejlicidus Leporinf In Etiodiliuve mav ca Ilth^ * V S Ca . ed Tntaticos^ Panion, chis, and Hares (tones, F ° ve may cal1 them Satynons, and finger Or- The Nature and Venues. C H AP. I17. Of Fenny Stones, TheDefcription . »..«oc,i P o, mb ^^ T 5 top 22 <5 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Lib. i. top of the ftalke grovveth a faire bufh of very red floures, among the which floures do grow many fmall fharpe pointed leaues. The feed I could neuer obferue, being a thing like duft that flxeth in th^"^^. other Marilh handed Satyrion differeth little from the precedent, but in the leaues and floures for that the leaues are fmaller and narrower, and the floures are faire white, gaping wide open in the hollowneffe whereof appeare certaine things obfcurely hidden, refembling lit- tle helmets’, which fetteth forth the difference. 5 This third handed Satyrion hath roots fafhioned like an hand, with fome firings faftned to the vpper part of them 5 from which rifeth vp a faire ftiffe ftalke armed with large leaues, very no- tably dafhtwithblackifhfpots, clipping or embracing the ftalke round about : at the top of the ftalke ftandeth a faire tuft of purple floures, with many greene leaues mingled amongft the fame, which maketh the bufh or tuft much greater. The feed is nothing elfe but as it were duft like the other of his kinde : £ and it is contained in fuch twined veffels asyoufeeexpreftapartby the fide of the figure ^ which veffels are not peculiar to this, but common to mod part of the other Satyrions. ^ 4 The creeping rooted Orchis or Satyrion without tefticles, hath many long roots difperfing them felues, or creeping far abroad in the ground, contrarie to all the reft of the Orchides: which Roots arc of the bignefte of ftrawes,in fiibftance like thofeof Sopewort ; from the which imme- diately doth rife foure or fine broad fmooth leaues like vnro the fmall Plantaine, from the which fhooreth vp a fmall and tender ftalke, at the top whereof groweth a pleafant fpikie eare of a whitifh colour, fpottedon the infide with little fpeckes of a bloudie colour. The feed alfo is very fmall. t 5 This from handed roots like others of this kinde fends vp a large ftalke, fometimes at- taining to theheight oftwocubits ; theleaues are much liketo thole of the marifh Satyrions- the floures are ofan elegant purple, with little hoods like the top of an helmet (whence Gcmm.i termed L I B. I, Of the Hiftorie of Plants. j Palma Chnjli pain (Iris. The third handed marifh Satyrion, 1ZJ 4 P alma Cbrijli radice repent e. termed the plant, ((ynoforch. conopfea • and from the height he called it Macrecanlos.) Thefe floures fmel tweet, and are fucceeded by feeds like thofe of the reft of this kindred. It delights to grow in grounds ofan indifferent temper, not too moift nor too dry. 1 1 floures from mid-May to mid-Iune. £ The Place. • They grow in marifh and fenny grounds, and in ihadowie woods that are very moift. The fourth was found by a learned Preacher called Maftcr Robert Abbot, ofBifhops Hatfield, in aboggygroue where a Conduit head doth Hand, that fendeth water to the Queenes houfe in the fame towne. t It growes alfo plentifully in Hampfhire, within a mile of a market Towne called Peters- field, in a moift medow named Wood-mead, neere the path leading from Peters-field, towards Bery« ton. t ThcTime. They floure and flourifh about May and lime, t The Names. t i This is Cytioforchis Vracuntias Of Lolell and Gemma. £ This 228 Of the Hiftorie of Plants. . Lib. i. 1 This is Cynofirchispaltiftris altera Leptaphylla,o(Lchell Tefticulus Galenculatus, oiT ahernawon- t antis. 2 Lofoll and Gemma terme this, Cynofirchispaltiftris altera Lophodes, aiel nephelodes. 4 This is Orchis minor rachce repente, of Cameraritts. 5 This by Lohcll and Gemma is called c-ynoferchis macrocaulos,fiue Conopfea. 5J The Temperature and Vcrtues . There is little vfe of thefe in phyficke ■, onely they are referred vnto the handed Satyrions, whereof they are kindes : notwitftanding Dalefcampius hath written in his great Volume, that the Marifh Orchis is of greater force than any of the Dogs ftones in procuring of Juft. Cameranus of Norembcrg, who was the firft that deicribed this kinde of creeping Orchis, hath fet it forth w ith a bare defcription onely i and I am likewife conftrained to do the like,becaufe as yet I haue had no triall thereof. ■f The firft of thefe was the child in the former Chapter j in lieu whereof I giuc you the Dracmtuu of Label, ivhofc figure was here in the fecond place. * * ^ Chap.ii8. Of Thirds nejl. I Satyrium ahortiftum,fitie Hjftus auis. Birds neft. 5 f The Defcription. CAAJ-tfty l Thirds Nell hath many tangling roots 1) platted or eroded one oner another very intricately, which refembleth a Crowes neft made of ftickes ; from which rifeth vpa thicke foft grofie ftalk of a browne colour/et with frnall ihort leaues of the colour of a dry O- kea leafe that hath lien vnder the tree all the win- ter long. On the top of the ftalke groweth a fpi- kie earn or tuft of domes, in ftiape like vnto Mai- med Satyrion, whereof doubtlefle it is a kinde. The whole plant, as well flicks, leaues,and domes, are of a parched browne colour. t I receiued out ofHamplhire from my of- ten remembred friend Mafter Goody er this follow- ing defcription of a Nidus auis found by him the twenty ninth of Iune,t 62 1. Nidus avis fore & caule violaceo purpurea colore- an Pfeudoleimodcron Cluf. Hi Ji, Rar. plant. This rifeth vp with a ftalke about nine inches high, with a few fmal narrow fharpe pointed ihort skinny leaues, fet without order, very little or no- thing at all wrapping or inclodng the ftalke • ha- iling a fpike of domes like thole of Orohanche, without tailes or leaues growing amongft them ; which fallen’, there fucceed fmall feed 7 veflels. The lower part of the ftalke within the ground is not round like Orohanche, but dender or long, and ofayellowifh white colour, with many fmall brittle roots growing vnderneath confufedly, wrapt or folded together like thofe of the common Nidus auis. The whole plant as it appeareth'aboue ground, both ftalkes, leaues, and domes, is ofa violet or deepe purple colour. This I found wilde in the border ofa deld called Marborne,neere Habridge in Haliborne,a mile from a towne called Alton in Hamplhire, being the land of one William Balden. In this place alfo groweth wilde the thiftle called Coronaftatrum. Ioh. Goodyer. 5 [ The Place. This baftard or vnkindely Satyrion is very feldome leene in thefe Southerly parts of England . It Lib. i. Of the Hiilorie of Plants. zip It is reported. That it growth in the North parts of England, neere^LLwi^ borough. I found it growing in the middle of a Wood in Kent two miles from Grauefend^eere vnto a worfhipfull Gentlemans houfe called Mailer William Swan, of HOwcke Greene The ,, belongeth to one Mailer Iohn Sidley : which plant I didneuer fee elfevvhere . and becaufe it i vl rare 1 am the more willing to giue you all the markes in the wood for the bette r findine it hZ caufe it doth grow but in one piece of the Wood : that is to fay, The ground is couered all aim in the fame place neere about it with the herbe Sanycle, and alfo with the kinde of Orchis called Hermaphroditic*, or Butter- fly Satyrion, - *[ The Time, , rtflourethandflouriflaethinluneand Auguil Theduftyor mealy feed (if it maybe called feed) falleth m the end of Auguft 5 but in my iudgement it is an vnprofitable or barren dull and not any feed at all. ’ The Names. It is called Satjrium abortiYum : of fome, Nidus auis neil, or Goofe-neft ; in Low-Dutch, Uogel# nett ♦ in • in French Nid d‘ oifeau : in Englifh Birds High-Dutch, ^ar 3 en Djeljen, TbcT emperature and Vertues. It is not vfed in Phyficke that I can finde in any authorise either of the antient or later Wri ters,but is eileemed as a degenerate kinde of Orchis, and therefore not vfed . THE THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE HISTORIE OF PLANTS: Containing the defcription , place, time , names ^nature, and venues of all forts of Herbes for meate, medicine, or Jvceet fmelling vfe, &c. Ehaue in our fird booke diffidently defcribed the Grades, Rudies, Flags, Corne,and bulbous rooted Plants, which for the mod part are fuchas with their braue and gallant floures decke and beautifie Gar- dens, and feed rather the eyes than the belly. Now there rcmaine cer- taine other bulbes, whereof the mod (though not all) ierue for food': of which vvewill alfo difeourfe in the fird place in this booke, diuiding them in fuch fort, that thofe of one kinde (hall be feparated from ano- ther, f In handling thefe and fuch as next fucceed them, we fhall treat ofdiuers, yea the mod part of thofe Herbes that the Greekcs call by a gencrall name •. and the Latines, olera : and we in Engli(h,SalIet- herbes. When we haue pad ouer thefe, we fhall fpeake of other plants, as they fhall haue rcfe*n- blancc each to other in their externall forme, d Chap.i. Of Turneps . f[ The Kindes . * f 'Here be fundry forts of Turneps ; fome wilde ; feme of the garden; fome with round roots A globe falhion •, other ouall or peare faihion •, and another fort longifh or fomwhat like a Ra- dt(h : and of all thefe there are fundry varieties, fome being great, and fome ofafmallor fort. 7 be Defcription, 1 ^j C ^ urne P ^ ;lt ^ l° n 8 r0l, gh and greene leaues, cut or fnipt about the edges with -tM Ik? 3 ° eC ^ e S a fhes.The dalke diuideth it felfe into fundry branches or armes, bearing at the top fmall floures of a yellow colour, and fometimes of a light purple ; . , , which being pad, there do fucceed long cods full of fmall blackifh feed like rape feed. The root is round like a bow le, and fomerimes a little dretched out in length, growing very lhadowm tire ground, and often (hewing it (elfe aboue the face of the earth. , ^ * This is like the precedent in each refped, but that the root is not made fo globous or oowle-tafh toned as the former, but (lendcrer, and much longer, as you may perceiue by the figure wee here giue you. f 3 The (mall Turnepislikevntothe fird delcribed, fatting that it is lefler. The root is much fwceter in tade, as my felfe hath often proued. 4 There is another fort of fmall Turnepfaid to haue red roots; t and there are other-fome whole- roots are yellow both within and without; fomealfoare greene on the outfide, and other- fome blackifh. d >03 The Piece. The Turnep profpereth wel ina light, loofe, and fat earth, and fo !oofe,as Petrut Crtfeentius frith. that Of the Hiftorie of Piants, 2}Z L I B. z. that it may be turned almoft into duff. It groweth in fields and diners vineyards or Hop gardens in moft places of England. The ftiiall Turnep groweth by Hackney, in a fandy ground; and thofe that are brought to Cheape-fide market from that Village are the bed that eucr I tafted. The Time. Turneps are fovvne in the fpring,as alfo in the end of Auguft. They floure and feed the fccond yeare after they are fowen : for thofe which floure the fame yeare that they are fowen are a degene- rate kinde, called in Chefhire about the Namptwitch, Mad ueeps, of their cuill qualitie in cau- fing frenfie and giddineffe of the braine for a feafon. The Thames. | 2 Rapim radice Monga. Longifh rooted Turnep. The Turnep is called in Latine, Rapum inGreeke, the name commonly vfed in (hops and euery where is Rapa. The Lacedemonians call it ■ the Boetians,ti» and rou g b leau « Me thofe of Turneps, but tie oftwo P cdlr?if^ra he -j dgeS 'J le r^ alkeS flenderand brittle, fomewhathai- thereon doe grow little yellowifh' tbeil ?^ ll ! cs at tbe * 0 P “ t0 man y armes or branches, X " ~ and and biting tafte as is the milliard, but bitterer. The root is frnall, and perifheth when the feed is ripe. 2 Charlocke^r the wilde rape, hath leaues like vnto the former, but leffer,the ftalke and leaties being alfo rough. Thcftalkes bee of a cubitehigh, flender, and branched; the floures are fome- times purplifh, but more often yellow. The rootes are {lender, with certaine thrcds or firings hanging on them. ^ There is alfo another varietie hereofwith the leaues leffe diuided, and much fmoother than the two lad defcribed, hailing yellow floures and cods not fo deeply joynted as the laft defcribed: this is that, which is fet forth by Mattl>iolut\n&ex the name of Lampfana. 3 Water Chadlock grovveth vp to the height of three foot or fomevvhat more, with branches {lender and fmooth in refpeft of any of the reft of his kinde, fetwith rough ribbed leaues, deeply indented about the lower part of the leafe. The floures grow at the top of the branches, vmble or tuft fafhion, fometimes ofone colour, and fometimes of another. 4 : The root is long, tough-, and full of firings, creeping and putting forth many ftalkes: the feed veflells are fhort and frnall, Bauhine hath this vnder the title of Raphanut aquaticue alter. $ «f The Pitted Wilde Turneps or Rapes, doe grow of themfelues in fallow fields, and likewife by high ivayes heere vnto old walls, vpon ditch-bankes,andneere vnto townes and villages, and in other vntoi- led and rough places. The Chadlocke grovveth for the moft partamong come in barraine grounds, and often by the borders of fields and fuch like places. Water Chadlocke groweth in moift medowes and marifh grounds, as alfo in water ditches^ and fuch like places. The Time, Lib. 1. Of the Hiftory of Plants. The Names. Wilde Turnep is called in Latine Sapifirum, Rapumfi/lucflre, and of fome,Si/iapi r-jhicfl'r- or wild muftard: in high Dutch, inlovv Dutch,' in French, in Etr I’iih’' Rape,andRape feed. Raptfirum aruorum is called Charlock, and Carlock, ° 3 The Temper attire . The feed of thefevvild kindes of Turneps as alfo the water Chadlock, .ire hot And drieas mu- ftard feed is. Some haue thought that Carlock hath a drying and clenfing. qualifier and foine whatdigefting. The Venues. Diners vfe the feed of Rape in fteed of muftard feed, who either make hereof a fauce bearing A the name of muftard, or elfe mixe it with muftard feed ; but this kindeof fiuice is not fo pleafant to the tafte,becaufe it is bitter. ‘ Y Gxlm writerh that rhefe being eaten engender euill blood : yet Vicforides faitkthey warme the B ftoinacke and nourilTi lomewhat. J Chip. j. Of fAQtuemes. ^ The Kindes-. T Here be fundrie kindes of Nape or Naueives degenerating from the kindes of Turnep • of which fome are of the garden ; and other wilde,or of the field . V % The Sefcription. 1 NT ^ l 'f V Ie is like vnto T urneps in ftalkes, floures, and feed, as alfo in the ffiane of i. \ ™e leaues,but thofe oftheNauew are much ftnootherpt alfo differeth in the roof .-the 1 urngp is round like a globe, the Nauew root is fomewhat ftretched forth in length. J I Bunins. Nauew Gentle, 2 Bunins fyluejlris L’Obelij. , Wilde Nauew. loot is SalMomewhado ^ ^7 ner ’ ? uin S that it isaltogether leffer. The , lumewnat long, with threads long and tough at the end thereof. V 3 If The iil’ Lib* 2. The Place. Nauew-gentle requireth a Ioofc and yellow mould euen as doth the Turnep, and profpereth in a fruitfull foile : he is fowen in France, Bauaria, and other places in the fields for the feeds fake, as is likewife that wild Colevvort called of the old writers Cramhe : for the plentifull increafe of the feeds bringeth no final! gaine to the husbandmen of that countrey, becaufe that being preffed they yeeld an oile which is vfed not onely in lampes, but alfo in the making of fope ; for of this oile and a lie made of certaine aflies, is boiled a fope which is vfed in the Lowe-countries euery where to fcoure and wafh linnen clothes. I haue heard it reported that it is at this day fowen in England for the fame purpofe. The wilde Naucw grovveth vpon ditch bankes neerevnto villages and good townes, as alfovp- on frefh marlhic bankes inmoft places. ^ The Time. The Nauew is fowen, floureth and feedeth at the fame time that the Turnep doth. The Names. The Nauew is called in Latine Tfipits, and alfo Bunias : in Greeke b .»«■ the Germaines call it ^tcchtubcn the Brabanders,§>tCCfttOpetl t in Spanifh,Na/;r •• in Italian, Nauo : the Frenchmen, Njueau: in Englifh, Nauew-gentle, or FrenchNaueau. The ocher is called Napusfylvcjlru, or wild Nauew. The Temperature and. Vertues. The Nauew and the Turnep are all one in temperature and vertues, yet fome fuppofe that the Nauew is a little drier, and not fo foone concofted, nor pafleth downe fo eafily, and doth withall ingender leffe winde. Inthereftit isanfvverable to the Turnep. t The feeds of thefe taken in drinke ot broth are good againftpoyfon, and arevfually put in- to Antidotes for the fame purpofe. t Thefigure that w.isinthefirfl placets a kinde of thclong Turnep dciciibed by me in the fccond place of the firft chapter of this fccondbookc. And { hatin chcfccond place was a lcflci kinde of the fame. Chap. 4. Of Lyons Turney or Lyons leafe. Leontopetalon. Lyons leafe. ^ The Vefcription. L Yons Turnep or Lyons leafe, hath broad leaues like vnto Co!eworts,or rather like the pionyescutand diuided into fundry great gaflics : the flalkc is two foot long, thicke, and fullof iuyee, diuiding it felfe into diuers bran- ches or wings •, in the tops whereof ftand red floures : afterward there appeareth long cods in which lie the feeds like vnto tares , or wilde chichs. The root is great, bumped like a Turnep, and blacke without. The Place. It groweth among corne in diuers places of Italy, in Candie alfo, and in other Prouinces to- wards the South and Eaft. The right honorable Lord Zouch brought a plant hereof from Italy at his returne into England, the which was plan- ted in his garden. But as farre as I doe know, it perilhed. «J The Time. It floureth in winter, as witneffeth Petrus Bel . Ionites. The 'Names. The Grecians call it that is ^Leonit folium , or Lyons leafe : Plinie doth call it alfo Leontopetalon . Zpuleitu, Leontopoiion : yet there is another plant called by the fame name. There bee many baftard Names giuen vnto it, as Rapeittm, 'IB. Z. Of the Hiftory of Plants. r i. . ^ The Temperature. . L> Tllmep IS ° f force t0 di § eft 5 ^ is hot and drie in the third degrees Gifo teacheth. Ti . r . , if Vcrtucs, Chap. 5. 0/ If The Kindes, T 'Here be fundrie forts of Radifh, whereof fomc be long and white- others Iona- and blacke • lent chapter. * ° c e ^ ^ and Pome Cam e, or the garden, whereof we will intreat in this pre- tt I Ruphantts fkttvitsl Garden Radilh. ^ 2 Radicula fatiua minor. Small garden Radifh.' if TheDefcrtptien. 1 ^ g«at and large Ieaues, greene, rough, cut on both round and parted into raany\Snch es IS T * g ? lta ‘ T,le ftalkes bcc madeof foure little leaues- e jOutofwhtch fpnng fmallfloures of a light purple colour, huft or bl0»J,S^fe T„=™ ^ 3 2 'fh^ •T The Place. All the kindes of Radifh require a loofe ground which hath beene long manured and is fome- whar fat. They pvofperwell in fandie ground , where they are not fo fubiea tovvormes,as in other gr0lUldS - f The Tim. The'e kindes ofRadifh are moft fitly fowcn after the Summer Solfticc m Iuneor Iulie: For be- in a fovven betimes in the fpring they yeeld not their roots fo kindly nor profitably, for then they doe for the moft part quickly run vp to ftalke and feed, where otherwife they doe not floure and feed till the nextfpring following . They may be fowen tenmoneths intheyeere, but as I laid before, the bell; time is in Iune and Iulie. T>j( Of the Hilforie of Plants. a The fmall garden Radifh hath leaues like the former, but fmaller, and more brittle in hand- line The ftalke of two cubits high, wherconbe the flourcs like rhe former Ti e feed is fmaller, ana not fo (harpe intafte. The root is fmall, long, white both within and without, except a little that fheweth it felfeaboue the ground of a reddifh colour , Radifh with a round root hath leaues like the garden Turnep t amongwhich leaues fpnn- ceth vp a round and fmooth ftalke, diuiding it felfe toward the top into two or three branches, whereon doe grow fmall purplilh floures made of foure leaues apecce : which being paft there doe come in place fmall long cods puft vp or bunched in two, and fometin.es three places, full of pith as the common Radifh ; wherein is contained the feed, fomevvhat fmaller than the Cole- wort feed, but of ahotter tafte. The root is round and firme nothing watcrifh like the com- mon Radifh, more plcafant in tafte, wholfomer, not caufing fuch ftmkmg belchings as the garden Ra f lfh TheR adith with a root fafhioned like a peare, groweth to the height of three or foure cu- bit! of a bright reddilh colour. The leaues are deeply cut or lagged like thofeof the Turnep, fomewhat rough. The floures are made of foure leaues, of a light carnation or fertile colour The feed is contained in fmall bunched cods like the former. The root is fafhioned like a peare or long Turnep, blackewithout and white within, of a firme and folide fubftance. a he take is quicke and fharpe, biting the tongue as the other kindes of Radifh, but more ftrongiy. 5 Phafhanus orbiculatta . Round Radifh. q. Raphar.us pyriformu ,Jiue radice nigra. The blacke,or Peare-fafhion Radifh, ' x B. 2. Of the HiiTory of Plants. z:o The Names. Radifh is called in Greeke of T heophrafhts, D;t> floral, s, Galen, and other old writers in p lOD afhanus, and Satuu RadicuU : in high Dutch, ftetttCl) *. in low Dutch, JSaDtlg : in Frenc'- R fort in Italian, Raptuno : in Spamih ,Rmam .• in Engiiih, Radifh, and Rabone: in the Bohemi in ro 4 ue ISftDfelB. Cdtus affirmeth that the feed of Radifh is called of c Marcellus Emtericns lUcano* r id lo likewife of Ait, us in the fetond chapter of the fecond booke of his Tetrabible • yet Corwins doth not reade Bacanen, but Cacrmon .- The name of Bacanmn is alfo found in Tl.Mvrctj(u-s in the 2 55.Compofitionof his firft booke. J a 5 y The Temperature. Radifh doth manifeftly heat and drie, open and make thin by reafon of the bitine quality that ruleth in it maketh them hot in the third degree, and drie in the fecond, and Ihewetli that it is rather a lauce than a nourifhtnent. The Vcrtucs. Radifh are eaten raw with bread in Read of other food . but being eaten after that manner they \ yeeld very little nountTiment,and that faultie and ill. But for the mod part, they arc vfed as f ! A with meates to procure appetite, and in that fort they ingender blood leiTe faulty, than eaten alone or with bread oncly : but feeing they be of a harder digeftion than meates, they are alfo mmy times troublcfome to the ftomacke ; neuerthelefle, they feme to diftribute and difnerfe the no t rifoment, especially being taken after meat ■ and taken before meat, they caufe belchinas and ouerthrovv the ftomacke. 1 - > ana Before meate they caufe vomiting, and efpecially the rinde.-the which as it is more bitin* than B the inner fubftance,fo doth it with more force caufe that effebf if it be giuen with Oximel which is a lyrupe made with vmeger and hony. D 3 lcn Mor^ouer,Radi fh prouoketh vrine, and diflblueth cluttered fand,and driueth it forthdf a aood C draught of the decoft ion thereof be drunke in the morning. P/% write th, and Diofcondes\\h,v l [ c i!i a the chf ft aga ‘ 3n ° C ° l ' Sh 5 “ t0 makethin > thlCke and g roffe which fticketh In Read hereof the Phifitions of our age doe vfe water diftilled thereof : which iikewife pro n cureth vrine mightily, and driueth forth iftones in the kidnies. P U „ P P er 00 tfliCe j and la ' d 0l,er night in white or Rhenifh v v iiie,and drunke in the moraine dri F' ueth out vrine and grauell mightily, but in tafte and fmcll it is very lothfome S> ’ ' fooPfpS ftamFd WUh h ° ny 3nd the P ° Wder ° f a Ace P es hearc dried > caufeth haire to grow in F wi “ vin ' 6 "’ ““ -r « •' ” I , bloJcc. 2 & ar '* ^ w.ie in the firil and feco0d place, were variety es-oF the long Turnep dcltribcdin the ftco.id place, in the firft Chapter of this fccond Chap; 6 : Of Voilde fadijh. W tu d j- i t IT Thebefcript;™. d h 0 , rter ara r0W f ! eafe than the comraon Radift, and more ftalk/is flpp 1 ,a Inaoft hke the leaues of Rocket, but much greater. The branches. The floures are fmalTan ' i u for tvvo , cublts hl gh,diuided toward the top into many feed. The root is theC ° dls Io >?g, Ilender, aud ioynted, wherein is the tafte. bigneile of the finger, white within and without, of a foarpe and biting The ftafe'is^ b / 0ad ie ™es, deeply indented or cut euen to the middle rib. Gut a prop, in lo much that vee fofol n c l and that Wa p belng not abIe t0 ftand vpright with- vpon the mud'or mire where itSS'Thp'fl, 4 n ° n0tW fl 1C ls vel T young, but leaning down leaues. The root is font fet in ftS e foT f r the t0 , P made of follre ^ yellow borand bu,„i„ g in ‘ ° f ‘ fp “ r - TfpiT.a . > «1 The Place. growes vpon the borders of bankes and ditches caft vp,and in the borders of fields.' The Of the Hiftorie of Plants. L I B, 2. The fecond growes in ditches, {landing waters, and riucrsj as on the ftone wall that bordereth vpon theriuer Thames by the Sauoy in London. The Time. They floure in Iune, and the feed is ripe in Auguft. «]■ The Names. t The firfl of thefe is Rapiflrum florealbi Erucx folijs^lohe/l .-Amoratia, or Rapiftrum album of Tdbcrna.monta.nus : and Raph.mue fylvcjlris, of our Author ; in Englifh, wilde Radifh. The fecond is Radictdafyfocjlrit of DodonausiandAhaphanus aquations, or palujlris ot others : il> Englifh, water Radifh. *[ The 7 ' imperative. The wilde Radifhes are of like temperature with the garden Radifh, but hotter and drier. The Vcrtues. A Diofcorides writeth,that the leaues are rcceiued among the pot herbes, andlikewife theboiled root, which as he faith, doth heate,andprouokevrine. C h a v. 7. Of Horfe %idijb. The Dcfcription. 1 T T Orfe Radifh bringeth forth great leaues, long, broad, fharpe pointed and flipped a- I bout the edges,of a deepe greene colour like thofe of the great garden Docke, called, of fome Monkes Rubarbe, of others Patience, but longer and rougher. The ftalke is flender and brittle, bearing at the top fmall white floures : which being pafl, there follow fmall cods, wherein is the feed. The root is long and thicke,whiteof colour, in talle fliarpe, and very much biting the tongue like muflard. 2 Dittander or pepperwort, hath broad leaues, long, and fnarpe pointed, of a blewifh greene colourlike woad,fomewhar fnipt or cut about the edges likea favve. The flalke is round and r tough : L i b, Vi Of the Hiftory of Plants.’ Hi toughivponthebrancheswhereofgrowlittlewhitefloures. The root is Jong and hard creeping farre abroad in the ground, in fuch fort that when it is once taken in a ground, it is not poifible to root it out, for it will vnder the ground Crecpe and fhoot vp and bud forth in many places farre abroad. The root alfo is (harp and biteth the tongue like pepper, whereof it tooke the name pep- perwort. F ^ t 3 This which we giue you in the third place hath a fmall fibrous root, the ftalke grOwes vp to the height of two cubits, and it is diuided into many branches furnifhed with white Houres, afterwhichfollowfeedslikeinlhapeandtafte to Thlafpi, or Treacle muftard. The leaues are fomewhat Jikethofeof Woad. This is nourifhed in fome Gardens of the Low Countryes, and Lobcllwas the firft that gaue the figure hereof, and that vnder the fame title as wee here^giue you it. t. ° «|] The Place] Horfe Radifh for the mod part groweth and is planted in gardens, yet haue I found It wilde in fundrie places, as atNamptwich in Che(hire,inaplace called the Milne eye, and alfo at a fmall village neere London called Hogfdon, in the field next vnto a farme houfe leading to Kings-land, tvhere my very good friend mailer Rredmll practitioner in Phifick,a learned and diligent fearchet of Simples, and matter William Martin one of the fellowfhip of Barbers and Chirurgians, my deere and louing friend, in company with him found it, and gaue me knowledge of the place,where it flounfheth to this day. & v > . Dittander is plan ted in gardens, and is to be found wild alfo in England in fundry places, as at are by OuendeninE(rex,atrheHallofBrinnein Lancafhire, and neere vnto Excefter in the v VVelt parts of England. It delighteth to grow in fandie and fhadowie places fomewhat moift. Horfe Radifh for the mod part flouretb in Aprill or May, and the feed is ripe in Auguft, and . rare °. r lc ' domt ' * eene > as that Petrus Placentitis hath written, that it bringeth forth no feed at all. Dittander fioures in Iune and Iuly. tt r „ ... . f The Names. e a i(h is commonly called Raphanus r lift t conus ,01 Magnus, mi of diuers fimply Raphantts ffttieftris f 2.j.i Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Li B. 2. fyluc,iris: of the high Dutch men, S^Ctrettitljluaitl OJ iifcn : in French, Grand, ruifoit of the low Germaines, .23atbemt leant : in lowe Dutch, winter licctTf, It feemeth to be Diofcorides his that is to lay , falfe or baftard Bunium .- in Englilfi, winter CteiIes,or herbe Saint Barbara. 5T The Nature. This herbe is hot and drie in the fecond de- gree. •1 TheVertues. The feed of winter Crelfc caufeth one to make water, and driueth forth grauell, and hel- peth the ftrangurie. Theiuyce thereof mundifieth corrupt and fil- B thy vlcers, being made in forme of an vnguent with waxe,oyle,and turpentine. In winter when falad herbes bee fcarce, this Q herbe is thought to be equall with Creffes of c he garden, or Rocket. This herbe helpeth the feuruie, being boiled D among feuruie gra(fe,called in Latine Cochleana , " caufing it to worke the more effedlually. Chap. p. Of Mujlard. IT TheDefcription . i y He tamp ^garden Mu (lard, hath great rough leaues like to thofe of the Turnep but rougher and IcfTer. The ftalke is round,rough, and hairie, of three cubits high diuided into many branches ; whereon doe grow fmaO yellow floures, and after them long cfds (lender £rSdli r m f r° ntained ieed bi gg er then Ra P e feed > of colour yellow, of rafte iharpe, and biting the tongue as doth our common field muftard. ’ T 2 Our ordinary Muftard hath leaues like Turneps, but not fo rough the ftalkes am dre°leaues vnon'th ^ > T 1 ^ tlm . es t0 th re e,foure,or fiuecubits P high, they hauemfny branches, and wSS?ftSk f « bl fanche > cf P e « all y th e j Vppermoft, are long and narrow, and hang dwne- What fquare; the (bed is reddilTi or yellow! branCheS) Md f ? me “ they arem^re\^[H^ e Ji^ U ^ ard Tj S ? dl£ formerin leaues, and branched ftalkes, but lelTer, and album of tMim fn gmeyoubere being the S inapt fitivum alterum. of Label ; and the Sitlapi Routes, and leaues/fre mnc^nj^he^^defoibaE^ ^ ro °k ed c °ds,and whitifh feeds ; the ftalks 5 indlntStTthSk?^^ f° f r ° f fRe P h ^ ard ? P urfe M larger, and more deeply made of fount leaues - the Sbe foo . c ’ bc f nn 8 at the W P yellow Homes fmaller than anyof the otha:s*but noTfo foarpe or biting^ 1 * 1 15 ^ ^ ™ Ch f I Si nap} A £ f LS r Li B. 2. Of theHiftory of Plants. = 4-5 ej The Place. - * Our ordinaric Muftard (whofe defeription I haue added) as alfo the jnizte and fmatl c r0 w wtUe in many places of tins kmgdome, and may all three be found on the bankes about the oack ol Oid-ltrce^and in the way to Iilingtom ^ The Time . Muftard may be fowen in the beginning of the Spring.-the feedisripein Inly or Auo-uft . commeth to perfection the fame yeare that it is fovven . ^ ° •[[ The Names, The Greekes cal! Muftard, •*«» = the Athenians called it t the Latines, Sinapi , the rude and barbarous, Smapium : the Gemianes, gutlif: the French, Semite and Mouftardc : the low- Durch men 3@0ftactt fact: the Spaniards, and sMoftalU : the Bohemians Horace Flint calls it T Bla/pi , whereofdoubtlelfe it is a kinde : and fo ne haue called it Saurian. ’ J t Thcfe kindes of Muftard haue beene fo briefely treated of by all Writers that it is hard to giue the right diftinftions of them, and a matter of more difficulty than is expeded in a thine fo vulgarly knowne and vfed: I mil therefore endeauour in a few words to diftinguilffi thofe kindes of muftard which are vulgarly written of. & of L oh t/ hC filft * S of and Dodonaus , and Sinapi fativum Eruca nut Rapi folio 2 The fecond I cannot iuftlyreferre to any of thofe which are written of by Authours- for it hath not a cod like Rape, as Pena and Lohel deferibe it ; nor a feed bigger than it, as DodorixM affir- meth ; yet I lufpew4 .• in high Dutch, KaucfeCtlfetaut t in French, Roquettc : in Low-Dutch, L'iabCttC X in Italian, Ruchetta . in Spani£h,0r«g4 5 in Englifh, Rocket, and Racket. The Poets do oft times name it Herbafalax : Erne a doth fignifie likewife a certaine canker worme, which is an enemie to pot-berbes,but efpecially to Colevvorts. $ The firft is called Eruca fatiua, or Hortenjis major : Great Garden Rocket. 2 The fecond, Eruca fylucjlris : Wilde Rocket. 3 This third is by Lobel called Eruca ffltiejlris angnfti folia : Narrow leaned wilde Rocket. 4 Clufius fitly calls this, Naftartiumfylueflre : and he reprehendeth Lobel for altering the name into Eruca Nafurtio cognatatenuifolia ; CrelTy-Rocket. 5 The fifth is Eruca marina, (thought by Lobel and others to be cakile Serapionii,) Sea Rocket. 6 Eruca aqitatica : W ater Rocket. + 5 Erucamarina, f 6 Eruca aquatica. Rocket is hot and dry in the third degree, therefore faith Galen it is not fit nor aecuftomed to be A Rocket is a good Pallet herbe, if it be eaten with Lettuce,Purflane,and fuch cold herbes ■ for be- ing fo eaten it is good and wholefome for the ftomacke, and caufeth that fuch cold herbesdonot ouer-coole the fame : otherwife, to be eaten alone, it caufeth head-ache, and heateth too much. B Thevfe ofRocket ftirreth vp bodily luft,efp. dally the feed. C It prouoketh vrine, and caufeth good digeftion. , D Plmy reporteth, That whofoeuer taketh the feed of Rocket before he be whipt, {hall be fohar- dened, that he fhall eafily endure the paines. E The root and feed ftamped, and mixed with Vinegerand the gall of an Oxe, taketh away frec- kles, lentiles, blacke and blew fpots, and all fuch deformities of the face. -}■ The figure that was in the third place, vndcr the title of £rticj(jl. is of the fame plant that in the Chapter of Tettitir is called rttjrta, where vota {hall findc it treated of at large. And that tri the fit!! place is ErjCvi^umfccmSm ofTeSmt. and I qtxcflion whither it bcnotofSirtapj fjliajheminta- The Temperature. eaten alone. The Venues. Chap. Lib. 2. Of the Hiftory of Plants. H 9 C h a p.ii. Of Tarragon . Draco hcrha. Tarragon. «[[ The defer ipt ion. HTArragon the fallade herbe hath long and narrow leaues of a deepe greene colour, greater and longer than thole of common Hyf- .lope, with flender brittle round ftalkes rwocu- bites high : about the branches whereof hang little round flowers, neuer perfectly opened, of a yellow colour mixed with blacke, like thole of common Wormewood. The root is long and fibrous, creeping farre abroad vnder the earth, as doe the rootes of Couch-grafle,by which fprou- ting forth it increafeth, yeelding no feede at all, but as it were a certaine chaffie or duftic matter that flieth away with the wmde. 5 ]' The flue. Tarragon ischerifhed in gardens, and is en- creafed by the young fhootes : Ruclhus and inch others haue reported many ftrange tales hereof fcarfe worth the noting, faying, that the feed of flaxe put into a rad ifh roote or fea Onion, and fo fet, doth bring forth this herbe Tarragon. ^ The time. It is greene ail Summer long, and a great part of Autumne,and floureth in Inly. The names. It is called in Latine, Draco , Dracunculus horl . twfs-P-n&Tragumvulgare by Clufiut ■ Of the Ita- lians, Dragoncellum ; in French, Dragon ■, in Englifh, Tarragon. It is thought to be that Tarchon which 1 ^Anicen mentioneth in his 6%6. chaptenbut he writeth fo little thereof, as that nothing can certainly be affirmed of it. Simeon Sethi the Greeke alfo ma- keth mention of Tarchon. Thetemp er ature and vertues. Tarragon is hot and drie in the third degree, and not to be eaten alone in fallades but ioyned with other herbes,as Lettuce, Purflain, and fuch like, that it may alfo temper the coldnes of them like as Rocket doth, neither doe we know what other vfe this herbe hath. ■ H A P.II. Of gar den Crepes.. The defer ipt ion, 1 Creffes or Towne Crefles hath fmall narrow iagged leaues,fharpe and burning VJ ln 7“ e - ibe (talks be round,a cubite high,which bring forth many fmall white flowers rnnriin TfT hl,skes or it in leaues farre different, which I reeo-' j . e ®, ent me from Robmtts dwelling in Pans. The ftalkes rife vp to the heicrht ofa foot f f 1 . a ~, d '. Vlt 1 " lan y broad leaues deepely cut or indented about the edges : the noddle of the the fame hkeT^ rhTf ^ "re T ny litde fmaI1 leailes 01 rather ftreds of Hailes, which make tue lame like a curldefanne offeathers. The feede is like the former in fhape. larger and h! m ( °\ , the g r0llnd like vnt0 Ba fiU i afterwards the leaues grow ° broader,ltke thofe of Mangolds 5 among the which rifeth vp a crooked lymmer ftalke, X 3 where- 2JO Of the Hiftorie of Plants. Li b. %. whereupon do grow fmall tufts or fpokie rundles of white flowers. The feede followed), browne of colour, and bitter in tafte. The whole plant is of a loathfome fmelland fauour. 4 Stone-Creffe eroweth flatvpon the ground, with leaues iagged and cut about the ed ges like the oakc leafe ,relembling well the leaues of fhepheardes purfe. I haue not feene the flow ers, and therefore they be not expreft in the figitre ; notwithftand ing it is reported vnto me, that t hey bee fmall and white of co!our,as are thofe of the garden Creffes. The feed is contained in fmall pouchesor feede velfels,like thofe of Treacle nuiftard or Thlafpi. f The Place. Crefles are fotvnein gardens, it skils not what foile it be ; for that they like any ground,efpeci- ally if it be well watered, f M. Bowles found the fourth growing in Shropfljire in the fields aoout Birch in the parifh of Elefmere,in the grounds belonging to M. Richard H trkrt i and that m great plenty, t The Time. It may be fowne atany time of the yeere,vnlelfe it be in Winter ; it groweth vp quickly, and bringeth forth betimes both ftalke and feede : it dieth euery yeere,and recouereth it felfe of the fallen or lhaken feed. x Nafturtium hortenfe. The Names. Garden Creffes. Creffes is called in Greeke .• in Latine Nafturtium-, inEnglifh Crefles:the Germaines call it&CKlfeMnd in French, Crcjfon : the ItaIians,iVa- fturtio, and ylgretto : offbme, towne Crefles, and garden Karffe. It is called Nafturtium, as Varro and Plinie thinke hnarribus tore] uendts, that is tofay,of writhing the nofthrils, which alfb by the loath- fome fmelland fharpneffe of the feede doth caufe fneefing. if. The firft is called Nafturtium hortenfe. Garden Creffes.2 Nj/lurtiurn hortenfe criftum, Gar- den Creffes with crifpe,or curled leaues. 3 Naftur - tium Hiftmtcurngx Latifoltum Spanifh Creffes ,or Broad-Ieaued Crefles, 4 This is Nafturtium petra- um of Talernamontanas (and not of Lobell , as our Author teimsd it.) Stone Creffes. d f The Temperature. Theherbe of garden Creffes is fharpe and bi- ting the tongue; and therefore it is very hot and drie, but lefle hot'whilefl it is yong and tender, by reafon of the waterie moifture mixed therewith,by which the fharpeneffe is fomewhatallaied. The feede is much more biting then the herbe, and is hot and drie almoft in the fourth degree. ■I The Vert ues. Galen faith that the Crefles may be eaten with bread Velntiobfonium, and fo the Antient Spartanes vfually did ; and the low-Countrie men many times doe, who commonly vfeto feed of Creffes with bread and butter. It is eaten with other fallade hearbes,as Tarragon and Rocket : and for this caufe it is chiefely fowen. j. It is good againft the difeafewhich the Germaines call jaltOlbUtl) and §)C0?bUff : in Latine, Scorbutus : which we in England call the Scuruie,and Scurby,and vpon the feas the Skyrby : it is as good andaseffeftuallas the Scuruiegraffe, or water Cieffes. „ D tof grides faith, if the feed be damped and mixed with hony, it curcth the hardneffe of the milt : with Vineger and Barley meale parched it is a remedie againft the Sciatica, and taketh away hard five! lings and inflammations. It fcourethaway tetters, mixed with brine : it ripeneth felons, calledin Greeke, Jiai.it : it forcibly cutreth and raifethvpthicke and tough humors of thecheft, if it be mixed with things proper againft the ftuffingof the lungs. DiofcontJcs faith it is hurtfull to the ftomacke, and troubleth the belly. It Lib. 2. Of the Hiilory of Plants. 251 3 Tfajlurtium Hiflmcttm, Spanifh CrefTes. 4 Nafturtinm Petreum. Stone C redes. It driueth forth worrries, bringeth downe the floures, killcth the child in the mothers womb D and prouoketh bodily luft. Bang inwardly taken, it is good for ftich as haue fallen from high places : it diffbhieth clutte- E red blond, and preuenteth the fame that it do not congeale and thicken in any part of the body : it procureth fvveat,as the later Phyfitionshaue found and tried by experience. C h a p. 13. Of fndtan Qrefies. 51 The Defer if non. rdiSSS many weake and feeble branches, riling immediately from the ground; ? abr ° ad c C;I ? y me f CS , lvhereof doth occupie a great erf drv br nr 5?f | d;aS n ^ f indweede - T he tender ftalkes.diuide them felues into Cm- ifiSl a ! ing Il f eW11 7 P , 0n , tllC ground fomevvhat bunched or fwollen vp at eueryioint fcaues ie L , “ ?r a Itght reibuc the fpaces betweene the ioints aregreene. The on the WkeS 1 C W n pe f lvvor [f ,Ied Cotyledon, the footeftalke of the leafe commeth forth gard en Credit 111 t ^ emidd ?‘ a of theJeafe^s thofe of Frogbit,in tafteand fmell like the croffed ftarfo Tu arc dlf P e f led throughout the whole plant, of colour yellow, with a doth lnn