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 Research Library, The Getty Research Institute 
 
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ARCHITECTURAL SKETCHES, 
 
 FOR 
 
 COTTAGES, RURAL DWELLINGS, 
 
 VILLAS, 
 
 IN THE GRECIAN, GOTHIC, AND FANCY STYLES. 
 
 WITH PLANS; 
 
 SUITABLE TO PERSONS OF GENTEEL LIFE AND 
 MODERATE FORTUNE. 
 
 PRECEDED BY SOME OBSERVATIONS ON SCENERY AND CHARACTER 
 PROPER FOR PICTURESQUE BUILDINGS. 
 
 By R. LUGAR, Architect. 
 
 ELEGANTLY ENGRAVED ON THIRTY-EIGHT PLATES. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 PRINTED BY W. STRATFORD, CROWN COURT, 
 FOR J. TAYLOR, ARCHITECTURAL LIBRARY, 59, HIGH HOLBORN. 
 
 1815. 
 
TO 
 
 GEORGE WARD, ESQ. 
 
 SIR, 
 
 The high respect and esteem which I 
 entertain for so worthy a character excites in me the 
 most agreeable sensations, in being allowed to dedicate 
 this Work to you: and while I am permitted, thus 
 publicly, the honour of uniting your name with mine, 
 I cannot forbear to embrace the opportunity of expressing 
 my thanks and gratitude for your many friendly atten- 
 tions towards. 
 
 Sir, 
 Your most obedient. 
 
 And most humble Servant, 
 
 Featherstone Buildings, 
 Holborn. 
 
 R. LUGAR. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 In the following Designs I have endeavoured to lay before the 
 public a variety of Plans and Elevations suitable to persons in 
 genteel life ; to which are added a few of fancy subjects, which I 
 flatter myself may be deemed picturesque, and applicable for size 
 and expence to many situations on an extensive estate. The Cot- 
 tages are calculated for those persons whose liberal minds may 
 lead them to accommodate their peasantry and dependants with 
 dwellings, and at the same time to embellish their domains with a 
 variety of picturesque buildings, which shall be both ornamental 
 and useful. 
 
 In the Designs on a larger scale I have studied to combine the 
 accommodations requisite to persons of a higher class of life, with 
 suitable domestic conveniencies in the plan, rather than to display 
 an excess of architectural enrichments in the exterior; for it may 
 well be said, that many of the comforts of life are augmented by the 
 conveniencies of our houses ; and certainly we feel real satisfaction 
 at the sight of every well contrived and ingenious design, where 
 beauty, elegance, and convenience are united. 
 
 B 
 
OBSERVATIONS 
 
 ON THE 
 
 STYLE ^AJVB CM^R^ACTER 
 
 OP 
 
 BUILDINGS. 
 
 In composing Architectural Designs for Dwellings it is not ne- 
 cessary the Artist should be trammelled by the cold rules of the 
 school; some scope must be allowed to taste and fancy; yet he 
 must compose with discrimination, and form a whole appropriate 
 to the locality or situation, to the circumstances and to the wishes 
 of his employer: and if he vary from accepted rules, his judgment 
 must select and so unite the parts, that each may be adapted to 
 its place, and the whole bear a just correspondence, without which, 
 distraction will ensue, and instead of a tasteful combination, he will 
 produce an heterogeneous and unmeaning mass, a mere jumble of 
 incongruities: taste is said to consist in the power of judging. 
 
 An Architect, to design with propriety, must, to a good taste, 
 unite a thorough knowledge of Perspective, an accurate concep- 
 tion of the effects to be produced by light and shadow, with an 
 ample portion of practical knowledge. These are qualifications so 
 
indispensably necessary, that the best genius must apply to them, 
 in order to reduce his most happy conceptions within the scale of 
 use and practicability ; for if taste be owing in part to nature, it is 
 owing to education and culture still more. A claim to taste sup- 
 poses our natural sense of beauty to be refined by a frequent study 
 of the most beautiful objects, and at the same time that it be 
 guided and improved by the exercise of the understanding. A 
 man of correct taste is one who is never imposed on by counterfeit 
 beauties. 
 
 It may be stated as a maxim, that a house which partakes in 
 form much of the cube will be more compact in the plan and eleva- 
 tion, afford more conveniencies with less cost, than any other form. 
 Houses of large extensive fronts require much architectural deco- 
 ration, and can scarcely be considered to come within the scope of 
 this publication, which partakes more of the useful than the grand. 
 
 Many of the Designs have been made for particular situations, 
 and for particular persons, which will account for the dissimilarity 
 and variety. 
 
 I proceed now to make a few observations on the construction 
 and character of different kinds of Dwellings, as connected with 
 the picturesque of rural scenery. 
 
OF COTTAGES. 
 
 Experience teaches us that certain figures of bodies appear to 
 us more beautiful than others: on enquiring farther \ye find that 
 the regularity of some figures, and the graceful variety of others, 
 constitute the beauty we discern in them. But why regularity or 
 variety produce in our minds sensations of beauty, is difficult to 
 state : accordingly much has been said and written respecting the 
 most pleasing form for Cottage Buildings ; some persons insisting on 
 the superiority of regularity or uniformitN^ while others, with equal 
 warmth of argument, urge the beautiful variety produced by broken 
 or varied lines. To me it appears, the Architect, not less than 
 the Painter, should feel the true value of varied lines in the contour 
 of buildings, and he should frequently compose with a Painter's 
 eye. The broken line must be considered peculiarly in character 
 for a picturesque Cottage, whether it be the habitation of a gentle- 
 man or a peasant. It is thus flatness or uniformity are avoided, and 
 the pleasant effects of light and shadow are made to produce those 
 pleasing varieties which constitute the picturesque in buildings. 
 But it must however be observed, that the varied or broken line 
 should arise from apparent wants, from the necessity of the case, 
 and not for the sake of merely destroying a continued line. A lean- 
 to closet, a bow-window, a pent-house, chimneys carried high and 
 in masses, or gable-ends, are suitable picturesque objects, and will 
 generally produce the wished-for effect. 
 
 c 
 
6 
 
 Amateurs and Painters are frequently lieard to complain of a 
 great sameness in the Cottages which are scattered over the country, 
 as objects of mere utility, without the slightest attention to improving 
 the scenerj'. The Designs now offered to the public, it is hoped, 
 will please the mere traveller, and by embellishing the landscape, 
 will interest the amateur of rural scenery. I can with truth say, the 
 expence attending the building of some of these Designs will not, 
 from their compactness, be greater, than in executing Cottages of a 
 more ordinary form, possessing like conveniencies. 
 
 The materials for building Cottages must of course generally be 
 such as the neighbourhood produces; but the colour, if not agree- 
 able, may be a little subject to the interference of art ; for I see no 
 sufficient reason why a bad tone of colour should be implicitly 
 adopted, merely because heretofore used ; and accordingly I re- 
 commend in such cases a wash composed of lime, with some ochre 
 and a little black; this will subdue all to an agreeable quiet tint, 
 whether the building be of clay, brick, or other material. Clay- 
 built Cottages are very frequent in the eastern counties, and ge- 
 nerally of a good colour, which I would seldom alter, unless, as 
 it sometimes happens, it dries too red ; and the clay of some 
 counties, I think, is altogether unpicturesque. Although, I would 
 not wish hastily to interfere with or change what may properly be 
 called the character of the buildings of any particular district, 
 whether cottages or larger houses; for however unpleasant these 
 may appear to a stranger, a little time, and the frequency of the 
 objects, will, by accustoming the eye, take off the first disgust, and 
 
the judgment will soon be led to acquiese, by the necessity of the 
 case ; for when propriety is clearly discovered, the work will always 
 partake of some beauties; yet, generally speaking, I must say, a 
 light clay, or good stone colour, is to be preferred, as appropriate 
 and in character for tlie unassuming cottage^ 
 
 Bricks and tiks may be considered as not suitable for a peasant's 
 Cottage ; the costliness of the materials exclude lowliness from the 
 mind, destroys simphcity, and consequently character. But if it 
 so happen that bricks be the most convenient material, the unplea- 
 sant fiery tone, which red bricks always produce, may be subdued 
 by the wash before mentioned, which should be so mixed, as to give 
 to the whole a quiet retired look; but never white alone, which 
 invades the serene character of the Cottage, and obtrudes it on the 
 sight with an inharmonious glare» 
 
 The covering of thatch should be laid on in the most simple 
 manner, without lacing, and the edges cut smooth, but not too 
 close; the eaves overhanging as much as convenient, not only for 
 the sake of a more picturesque appearance, but to throw the water 
 as far as possible from the foundations: and great care should be 
 taken that there be a proper descent and a good current for the water 
 from the house in all directions. 
 
 I shall here beg leave to introduce a few observations on a 
 branch of the subject now under consideration, and which has un- 
 dergone much discussion by some late authors of celebrity, on the 
 
8 
 
 subject of the picturesque, who have strongly urged the great de- 
 hght they have felt on viewing a cottage or building, the walls of 
 which are thickly covered with ivjs and strongly marked with wea- 
 ther stains. If the thatch be ruined, and partly fallen in, the sub- 
 ject will the nearer approach to beautiful! Shall such be patterns 
 to build from? Certainly not! — ^These are objects, I grant, not- 
 withstanding their offensive ruin and dampness, highly gratifying 
 to the painter's eye ; for here is a variety of broken forms, great play 
 of light and shadow, with a pleasing depth of tone of colouring, 
 and such are peculiarly suited, from the hand of a master, to form 
 enchanting subjects on canvas. And I trust the philanthropy of 
 these gentlemen intended to urge this argument no farther, than 
 to give instances of pleasing subjects for the painter's use and study. 
 They must be well aware, that for the habitation of man the walls 
 should be upright and clean, the thatch strong and even, the gar- 
 den with its paling in good order, and the threshold neat; these 
 are the true characteristics of the habitation of civilized man, and 
 of the peasant's cot ; and such will most certainly claim our high- 
 est praise. I shall conclude these observations by wishing to esta- 
 blish, as maxims proper for Cottages, cleanliness and dryness, in 
 opposition to neglect and ruin, as objects of more real satisfaction 
 than can be afforded by moss-grown houses and mutilated walls. 
 Nor can I suppose that, in adhering to these attentions to comfort, 
 the picturesque will be at all in danger. A small garden, with a 
 lew fruit trees and vegetables, partly encompassed by ordinary 
 paling, not brought in front, but keeping the house open to the 
 road, the hedge trimmed, but without a studied neatness; and if 
 
9 
 
 to this a large oak or elm stands on the foreground, giving us a 
 peep under its shady branches, the character of the peasant's cot 
 is fully obtained, and we view it half disclosed with a rapturous 
 pleasure, which a full exposure never can create : and, to complete 
 the picture, under the fi-iendly shade of the tree the horse, cow, or 
 pigs will find a cool retreat from the burning rays of a meridian 
 sun, and give a finished liveliness to the whole, highly pleasing. 
 And here the honest rustic claims our warm regard; for see 
 
 In yonder field the Ploughboy urges gay 
 
 The shining share, and oft with mellow tone 
 
 Wild warbles to his team the roundelay. 
 
 That tells of simple pleasures all his own, 
 
 And many a transport felt by him alone: 
 
 When love impels his steps across the glade. 
 
 When all the labours of the day are done. 
 
 And brisk he hies to meet the blooming maid. 
 
 To whom his vows were given beneath the hawthorn shade. 
 
 Fid. Pleasures of Nature, hy David Carey. 
 
 A neat thatched Cottage makes a very proper LODGE, where 
 a marked entrance is required to a house in the rustic style; this, 
 somewhat concealed, may be accompanied with wooden gates and 
 oak posts and rails, taking care that no dress trees are placed near; 
 but oak, elm, birch and chesnut, with holly and broom, may be 
 made to give the desired appearance, in lieu of those which solely 
 belong to more architectural buildings. And this leads me to ob- 
 serve, that Lodges should be in due character with the house, and 
 
 D 
 
10 
 
 mark its style distinctly. A more flagrant error can scarcely be 
 committed, than to give the lodge a character opposite to that of 
 the house. If the house be Gothic, make the lodge Gothic also ; 
 and if Grecian, then let the lodge be Grecian; but mixing one style 
 with the other, as is frequently seen, makes us think but little of 
 the mind that thus invades every idea of common sense ; and I am 
 persuaded a man of taste, on viewing this gross violation and in- 
 congruity of design, would feel something less than respect for the 
 sense of the possessor. 
 
 To a mansion I would have a handsome arched entrance, per- 
 haps with columns, and two lodges, in accordance with the cha- 
 racter of the house (it is not requisite that the same order should 
 be adopted) the gates of iron, and the plantation near of fancy 
 trees, interspersed Avith oaks, &c. As an entrance to a villa, one 
 neat lodge, of stone, white brick, or stucco, may be sufficient; 
 the piers of the same materials as the lodge, and the gates of 
 iron. 
 
 The next class of Building to be considered may properly be de- 
 nominated the COTTAGE ORNEE, or Gentleman's Cot. These 
 should possess particular neatness, without studied uniformity. 
 The irregularity may be as great as in the peasant's, and partake 
 alike of a broken form, which in a high degree contributes to the 
 general eifect. Deep recesses and bold projections are great assist- 
 ants, while the play of light and shadow, which they produce, 
 heighten a brilliant and pleasing effect: but, as before noticed. 
 
11 
 
 nothing should appear without its use, otherwise what was intended 
 to embeUish will only serve to encumber. 
 
 Houses of this description may be rough-cast or stuccoed, and 
 kept of a stone colour, or rather yellowish hue, something w^armer 
 than stone. For the covering, reeds should be preferred, or where 
 they cannot easily be had, unbruised straw will prove a good sub- 
 stitute; it has an excellent appearance, and is very durable, and 
 not being broken, retains no wet. It should be carefully laid on, 
 and a second coat put upon the ridge, and the edges laced : lacing 
 gives a finished appearance to the ornamented Cottage, which 
 those who have never observed can scarcely conceive. The thatch 
 must finally be cut straight a little below the lacing, which helps 
 the character, and tends to preserve it. Ornamental trellis w'ork 
 may sometimes be used, but rather sparingly than profusely. Flower- 
 ix)ts, or tubs with orange trees, aloes, or the like, may be so placed 
 as to contribute to a dressed appearance. If creepers are set to em- 
 bower the trelHs work, plant the monthly rose, and clymatis or vir- 
 gin bower, which grow luxuriantly, and when in blossom have a 
 beautiful rich appearance; but no common creepers or honey- 
 suckles should be seen near the Cottage Ornce; their province is to 
 shade and enrich the peasant's cot. 
 
 The front of the Garden should be neat, and somewhat regu- 
 larly disposed with beds of shrubs and flowers; and where large 
 shrubs are planted, hollyhocks, with sun-flowers, &c. may be placed 
 in front, which being thus backed by the deep colour of laurels 
 
12 
 
 and other evergreens, produce a brilliant and striking contrast, 
 which flowers alone can never effect. Every garden should have 
 well contrived gravel-walks, as well for pleasure as for use, and 
 great attention should be given that its true character of a garden 
 be not lost. Ha ! ha ! fences, by extending a lawn too far, give it 
 the air of a park in miniature, a thing equally ridiculous with a 
 flower garden in the entrance front of a mansion. 
 
 In making plantations the form of the ground should first be 
 well considered: the difficulty of arranging these tastefully war- 
 rants this caution, and a remark, that this circumstance is rarely 
 sufficiently attended to, and I have often observed with surprise, 
 that in an object of such consequence to the future beauties of the 
 place, almost the entire management is entrusted to the gardener, 
 who is sometimes considered of a higher class than experience jus- 
 tifies; for although his skill in horticulture may be great, yet it sel- 
 dom happens that his ideas reach to a judicious selection and ar- 
 rangement; and after a lapse of years, it is lamentable to discover, 
 that what has been done is worse than useless — it encumbers. 
 
 A taste for the Gothic style of architecture having of late be- 
 come very prevalent, I am induced to make some observations on 
 the true style or character applicable to houses of this description, 
 w^hich may properly be called the ancient English style of building, 
 and commonly called Gothic. I consider this style as peculiarly 
 suitable to Farm Houses and Parsonages, where a rural or rustic 
 appearance is meant to be produced. Many examples -existing in 
 
13 
 
 our country of this style and character afford variety of specimens 
 suitable to modern dwellings, and best in character, when a build- 
 ing of the kind called House-gothic is intended to be constructed. 
 If such examples were duly consulted, I think we should see fewer 
 specimens of incorrect taste and incongruous combinations than too 
 frequently meet the eye in many buildings ornamented with high 
 pointed arches, pinnacles, enriched tracery-work, and other fea- 
 tures of the florid and elegant church-gothic, but which, as far 
 as examples go to form a style, are inapplicable to dwellings. 
 This ancient style of building has been very judiciously divided 
 into three classes or characters, viz. the Castle Gothic, the Church 
 Gotliic, and the House Gothic. 
 
 The elevations in this style in the subsequent part of this work 
 are of a mixed style in point of dates; but, in selecting the parts, 
 care has been taken to keep in view a consistency of character. 
 The flat-headed window, with a moulding over it, the porch and 
 the buttress are the chief requisites which constitute the true house 
 gothic : these are in opposition to the newborn gothic, and pointed 
 windows, which we so frequently see adopted in modern Cottages 
 and dwelling houses ; but we may easily trace the source of such 
 misapplications to the village carpenter, who, for lack of better 
 skill, and for sake of novelty invades propriety, and gives us three, 
 four, or five pointed openings as windows, battlements of inch deal, 
 &c. exhibiting such an air of littleness, spruceness, and affectation, 
 as the eye of taste and discrimination revolts at. The false Gothic 
 attempts of our modern villas offend as much by their littleness as 
 
14 
 
 by the general incorrectness of detail. These may have currency 
 for awhile, and mislead superficial judges: but being subjected to 
 examination, will by degress pass away; while those alone will re- 
 main which are founded on sound reason and true taste. 
 
 I cannot forbear here to make an observation, although I may be 
 accused of egotism. It seems somewhat surprising that gentlemen 
 who purpose to build do not first put their designs into the hands 
 of an experienced architect, as readily as they present their cases to 
 able counsel before they venture to pi'oceed in law affairs. Surely 
 it cannot be denied, that when the bent of a man's mind is wholly 
 directed towards some one study, exclusive in a manner of others, 
 there is the fairest prospect of eminence : the rays must converge 
 to a point ere they glow intensel5^ The good effects which would 
 ensue are obvious; it would be the means of embellishing the coun- 
 try with a variety of buildings, elegant in form and chaste in cha- 
 racter, of providing comfortable houses for those who build, and 
 generally at a great saving of expence; indeed it seems much 
 more important, for the absolute cost of one bears no comparison 
 with the other; and besides, one may be said to be national, the 
 other individual ; the one is hid, and may be laid on the shelf, and 
 the recollection of it soon subsides; while the other remains perma- 
 nent, and is open to the opinion of the world, receiving lasting cen- 
 sure or praise ; but perhaps in the design for a house, as in the choice 
 of its situation, too many persons are inclined to be satisfied with 
 their own judgment; and certain it is, that to ascertain in every 
 case with the utmost exactness, what is beautiful or elegant is not 
 necessary to the happiness of man. 
 
15 
 
 The buttressess to houses in the gothic style should be of bricks 
 to receive the stucco, but the sides may be of quartering filled in, 
 or, what is commonly called brick-nogging ; the pinnacles maybe 
 made of stone, artificial stone, or wood painted and sanded: the 
 sides may be covered with stucco, of which there are several kinds 
 prepared of good colour and lasting quality. 
 
 The fittings up of the inside of such a house may in some de- 
 gree be governed by the character of the outside: but good taste 
 will carefully attend to these niceties, and not confound opposite 
 styles ; for where want of taste prevails without, the mind is pre- 
 pared to find every thing autri within. 
 
 I proceed now to a more regular kind of building, THE VILLA, 
 which comes next under consideration, and here the style should 
 at once declare it to be the residence of the Gentleman. Exact 
 proportion and regularity of parts must here be obvious, and all 
 deviation from uniformity must as carefully be avoided, as it may 
 be sought for in the picturesque Cottage. To a house of this de- 
 scription simple ornaments may very properly be applied, but 
 great architectural enrichments, such as colonnades and porticos, 
 are misapplied, and take off that lightness which should ever dis- 
 tinguish a Villa: those who apply columns to such a building, 
 give to a Villa the dressings of a mansion, and run into an equal 
 absurdity with those who give to a garden building the form, the 
 ornaments, and embellishments of a Cathedral; the height and 
 magnitude of which reqnire the aid of buttresses as necessary sup- 
 
16 
 
 ports; but if applied to a garden seat or bath, the diminutive size 
 of which requires no such auxihary, there are out of place, and be- 
 come preposterous. 
 
 The exto-ior of a Villa should be rough cast : stucco, or stone, 
 for an outside of brick alone can never give the harmony, delicac}^ 
 and simply ornamental appearance which constitute the true cha- 
 racters of the Villa. 
 
 I shall beg leave to say a word or two respecting stucco: the 
 great objections to which are removed since the introduction of 
 two kinds, one by Parker, the other by Bayley, which are found by 
 experience to be extremely durable, so much so, that they are not 
 unfrequently substituted in the place of lead for gutters, tanks, 
 domes, &c; these are unquestionable proofs of their durability, and 
 the daily use of them by professional men and others evinces the 
 esteem in which they are justly held. I should always advise the 
 use of one or other of these stuccos, as the means of obtaining the 
 full character of the Villa in every requisite. Ornaments are easily 
 formed of stucco, and appear to advantage ; but ornaments are 
 difficult to be made of brick, and when obtained are but little 
 seen, or ^vhen made of size and projection to be seen, their heavv 
 appearance precludes every pleasing idea. 
 
 A Terrace may frequently be applied with much advantage to 
 houses of this kind on the garden front, and produce the most 
 agreeable effect, giving to the house an air of grandeur and ele- 
 
1-7 
 
 o-ance highly pleasing. The entrance front shoiild be of the most 
 simple appearance, with no more ornament than the nature of the 
 design requires, to keep up a proper degree of analogy with the 
 principal front and sides : for an entrance a small portico as a shel- 
 ter to the door, with two or four columns of the ancient Greek 
 Doric order, may be considered the best; this admits of variations 
 when thus applied, without offence to the eye of taste; but when 
 proportions in regular architecture are changed, it generally happens 
 there is a mutilation and incongruity of parts very disgusting. 
 
 I have two observations to introduce which apply equally to 
 houses of all descriptions, viz. " The aspect of a house requires the 
 first consideration, since no beauty of prospect can compensate for 
 the cold exposure to the north, the glaring blaze of a setting sun, or 
 the frequent boisterous winds and rains from the west and south west; 
 while in a southern aspect the sun is too high to be troublesome in 
 summer, and during the winter it is seldom an unwelcome visitant 
 in the climate of England." 
 
 Further, " A house in the country is so different from a house in 
 town, that I see no good reason for disposing the living rooms above 
 stairs; it may perhaps be said that the views are more perfect from 
 the higher level; but a considerable degree of elevation may be 
 obtained by building the cellars partly above ground, and after- 
 wards raising the earth over them; surely the inconveniencies of an 
 external staircase can scarcely be compensated by any improvement 
 of the xiew"— Vide Repions Landscape Gardening, 
 
 F 
 
18 
 
 I shall conclude these observations by giving an extract from 
 Pope, which unites so much good taste and just observation as will, 
 I hope, be my excuse for repeating what must be well known to 
 almost every person. 
 
 " To build, to plant, whatever you intend ; 
 
 " To rear the column, or the arch to bend ; 
 
 " To swell the terrace, or to sink the grot ; 
 
 " In all let Nature never be forgot. 
 
 " But treat the Goddess like a modest fair, 
 
 " Nor over-dress, nor leave her wholly bare ; 
 
 " Let not each beauty ev'ry where be spy'd, 
 
 " Where half the skill is decently to hide. 
 
 *' He gains all points, who pleasingly compounds, 
 
 «' Surprizes, varies, and conceals the bounds." 
 
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 
 
 PLATE I. 
 
 Elevation and plan of a picturesque Peasant's Cottage, which 
 will serve for two families. There are two living rooms, and four 
 bed-rooms; with a bake-house for general purposes, with other 
 conveniencies. This may be built of clay, rough-cast, or brick nog- 
 ging, and covered with thatch. 
 
 PLATE IL 
 
 Design for a double Cottage, with separate accommodations, 
 allowing to each family a living room, bake-house, and large pan- 
 try, and two bed-rooms. This may be built with the like materials 
 above mentioned. 
 
 PLATE III. 
 
 Design for a Keeper's Lodge and entrance. This would be pro- 
 perly placed at a distance from the house, and in a retired situation : 
 it has two dwelling rooms, and a bake-house, with three bed-rooms 
 above; should be rough-cast, and coloured. The dog kennel may 
 be enlarged according to the number of dogs. The front should be 
 open lattice work, and the feeding floor paved with stone or brick ; 
 where the dogs sleep the floor should be boarded. 
 
20 
 
 PLATE IV. 
 
 Elevation and plan for a fancy Cottage, applicable in character 
 as an entrance Lodge, where the house is in the rustic style. It 
 contains a living room, bed-room, and two closets on the ground 
 floor, and a second bed-room over the living room. This partaking 
 of something more than the appearance of ordinary Cottages, should 
 be rough-cast and neatly thatched with reeds or unbruised straw, 
 and laced. A boarded covering shades the lower windows. This 
 may be of thatch, supported by trunks of trees. 
 
 PLATE Y. 
 
 Design for a Lodge suitable in stj^le to mark an entrance to a 
 regular built Villa. It contains a living room, bed-room, bake- 
 house, and dairy. It should be of stucco, stone, or white brick, 
 and finished with characteristic neatness. The covering of slate, 
 or coloured tiles. 
 
 PLATE VI. 
 
 Design for an ornamented Cottage suitable for a small family 
 or a single gentleman ; would make an excellent shooting box. It 
 contains two living rooms of good dimensions, a kitchen, pantrv, and 
 closet. A lean-to might easily be added to the kitchen should more 
 offices be required: above stairs are four bed-rooms. The style of 
 this design requires it to be rough-cast coloured, and thatched with 
 Eeeds. 
 
21 
 
 PLATES VII & VIII. 
 
 Plans and elevation of a design for an ornamented Cottage with 
 ruins; contains rooms sufficient for a numerous and respectable 
 family, partly formed in ruins, together with a chaise-house and 
 stable, connected by a gateway. This design was made at the ex- 
 press desire of a gentleman in the neighbourhood of town. The 
 ruins were intended to be an object from his grounds. The idea 
 to be conveyed was an abbey mutilated, and to shew the Cottage 
 as if dressed out of the remains. 
 
 PLATES IX & X. 
 
 Design for a house in the style of true house Gothic, very suit- 
 able for a respectable Farm House, or for the residence of a pri- 
 vate gentleman. The plans afford conveniencies proper for a family 
 of respectability, and the elevation shews a character becoming 
 an English gentleman; plain and unaffected. This should be stuc- 
 coed. 
 
 PLATES XI & XII. 
 
 This design may be considered proper for a gentleman's Cot- 
 tage, abounding in that variety of lines and forms which produce 
 ample shadow, and form the picturesque, and afford great internal 
 conveniencies. It contains a living room, dining room, library, and 
 large china closet, a principal and back staircase, and six bed-rooms. 
 This should be rough-cast coloured, and may be ornamented with 
 trellis work; the covering of reeds. 
 
 6 
 
22 
 
 PLATES XIII & XIV. 
 
 This plan has the conveniencies suited to a Farm House, the 
 (elevation is simple, and may be considered in character with that 
 class of building. Two living rooms, and a third, which may be 
 a study, or room for business, a good china closet, large pantry, 
 kitchen, wash-house, bake-house, and dairy, are on the ground floor ; 
 two staircases and six bed-rooms above ; to be rough-cast. 
 
 PLATES XV & XVI. 
 
 Is a comfortable house suitable for a gentleman's residence, or 
 an occasional retreat for a merchant. It contains a good dining 
 room, a living room, and breakfast room, or library, with kitchen> 
 bake-house, larder, and closet; two staircases, five bed-rooms, and 
 a dressing closet. This may be stucco, stone, rough-cast, or white 
 brick. 
 
 PLATES XVII & XVIII. 
 
 Is a design for a house in the gothic style, and is suited to the 
 residence of a clergyman. It contains a living room, dining room, 
 and large library, with kitchen, and offices, four-bed-rooms, and a 
 dressing closet; the servants' bed-rooms are over the offices. This 
 should be of stucco, or stone, and the roof slated. The elevation 
 is more enriched than that on Plate X. The bay, or bow windows, 
 give a pleasing variety to the elevation; and the whole, with the 
 porch, is in true character of an ancient English mansion,. 
 
23 
 
 PLATES XIX & XX. 
 
 Design in the fancy style for a house, with conveniencies for a 
 genteel family. The ground floor contains a vestibule, hall, and 
 good dining room, drawing room, and library, or breakfast room; 
 a conservatory joins the drawing room, with which it may commu- 
 nicate or shut off at will. The fragrance of the flowers, and the 
 study of botany, may thus afford pleasure and amusement. Two 
 staircases, and five bed-rooms, kitchen and offices adjoin, with ser- 
 vants' rooms over. This may be of stucco, stone, or rough-cast, and 
 slated ; enriched with trellis work, awnings, and flowers.. 
 
 PLATES XXI & XXII. 
 
 Design in the French style for a gentleman's residence, or a 
 sporting box : contains a large dining room, and hapdsome drawing 
 room over in the centre of the building, a breakfast room, and three 
 bed-rooms, and a dressing closet; the kitchen, and other offices, 
 are detached with servants' rooms over. This should partake of the 
 villa character, and be built of stone, or stucco; a flight of steps 
 connects the drawing room, or living room, with the garden. 
 
 PLATES XXIII & XXIV. 
 
 Plan and elevation for a gentleman's dwelling, containing a din- 
 ing room of large dimensions, drawing room, breakfast room, library, 
 and two staircases; the offices detached with servants' rooms over: 
 to be of stone, or stucco. There is an agreeable neatness in this elevar 
 tion suitable to many situations, and to the mind of many persons. 
 
24 
 
 PLATES XXV & XXVI. 
 
 Design for a gothic house of a fancy, broken, or varied cha- 
 racter, suitable for a gentleman's residence, containing living room, 
 dining room, and breakfast room, or library, china closet, kitchen, 
 bake-house, and larder; there are four bed-rooms. The character 
 of this elevation is suitable to many romantic and picturesque situ- 
 ations ; the parts are large, and the style bold. 
 
 PLATES XXVII & XXVIII. 
 
 This design, in the style of an Italian villa, was made for a 
 situation which afforded three most desirable views, and the plan 
 is so constructed as to embrace each separately, while from the 
 prospect room above, all may be enjoyed ; this room makes a con- 
 venient observatory. On the ground floor there is an excellent 
 dining room, drawing room, breakfast room, and library: on the 
 chamber floor are four bed-rooms, and a water closet ; above is the 
 belk-vue; the kitchen and offices communicate with the house under 
 the covered way. 
 
 PLATES XXIX & XXX. 
 
 Plans and elevation of a Villa. The principal floor contains a 
 dining room, drawing room, and library, with a hall, and handsome 
 staircase ; there is also a strong closet for the use of the butler, and 
 other conveniencies ; the back staircase communicates with the 
 kitchen and offices below, as well as with the rooms above; the 
 height of the terrace allows good and lofty offices and cellars : in 
 
^o 
 
 the chamber floor are five bed-rooms, with two dressing rooms. 
 This villa should be built with Portland stone, or stuccoed in imi- 
 tation. That part of the terrace over the offices should have a 
 quick current, and be carefully paved, or else be a lead-flat. 
 
 PLATES XXXI & XXXII. 
 
 Plans and perspective elevation for a villa in the Eastern style. 
 It is but justice to acknowledge I have taken the idea of this design 
 from one of Mr. Daniell's views in India. It is, I think, by no means 
 unsuitable for an English villa ; while it makes an agreeable diver- 
 sity of styles, it shews the taste, genius, and skill of a distant people, 
 of whom we have heard much, and know but little. The character 
 partakes of a sublime and grand conception. In adapting the ex- 
 terior to my own country, I was induced to alter the lower part, and 
 curtail the enrichments, to bring it within a moderate expence ; but 
 through the whole the character is preserved, and what has been 
 omitted may be dispensed with without injury to the general appear- 
 ance ; and, although robbed of some of its decorations, it shews an 
 elegant taste peculiar to the East. The plan of course it was ne- 
 cessary to make suitable to the form of this curious building, but 
 the arrangement of the apartments will shew how well it is adapted 
 to the conveniencies of an English nobleman or gentleman. The 
 terrace gives a bold and elevated grandeur, at the same time it 
 affords the most ample convenience for offices of all descriptions. 
 
 H 
 
26 
 
 PLATES XXXIIl & XXXIV. 
 
 Is a design in the Castle style. The scale of this drawing is 
 much too small fully to show the grand effect which may be pro- 
 duced by bold, broken, and massive outlines, unconfined extent, 
 unequal heights, and numerous towers, which afford an infinity of 
 means to augment effects by broad light and shadow, giving to the 
 whole an awful gloominess productive of grand, majestic, and sub- 
 lime ideas : how far a mansion of this character is preferable to one 
 of more regular Grecian architecture, must be left to the judgment 
 of ever)' individual. I am inclined to think that in many situations, 
 and under circumstances of its being the residence of a Potent Lord, 
 and the Palace to an Extensive. Domain, it claims some considera- 
 tion for style, character, and propriety. The various accommoda- 
 tions on the plan are calculated for a family of the first rank, while 
 the exterior invites to the hospitality of some renowned ancestor. 
 
 PLATES XXXV, XXXVI & XXXVII. 
 
 For the sake of variety, I have introduced two designs for pa- 
 vilions, or summer houses: one of a light fanciful form, calculated 
 for a flower garden; the other in a bolder style, and better suited 
 for a romantic retreat in an extensive park. This is in the Egyptian, 
 or Turkish taste, with an arcade in the character of that country, 
 and not unsuitable in a southern aspect to this. The prospect 
 tower is in the style of a Turkish minarett, and if built in an appro- 
 priate situation would prove an excellent landmark. 
 
27 
 
 The pavilion for a flower garden was designed for a gentleman 
 and was made comformable to his wishes. On the right of the 
 entrance hall is the principal, or banqueting room, to which is at- 
 tached a smaller retiring, or card room. The octagon of the prin- 
 cipal room being carried up, gave a room above for a band of 
 music: a painted patera in the centre of the octagon, with some 
 other ornaments, were perforated to communicate the sound with- 
 out the musicians being spectators of the company. Access was 
 obtained by a light staircase in the back. 
 
 Each of these buildings contains certain culinary conveniencies, 
 to render them of more general use than mere retreats ; the advan- 
 tages of which, in extensive grounds, will be frequently and agree- 
 ably felt. 
 
 PLATE XXXVIII. 
 
 Specimens on a large scale of windows suitable to Gothic houses, 
 and the upper rooms of castles. They should be glazed in lead, 
 and the frames, if made of wood, should be painted and sanded, to 
 imitate stone. 
 
 THE END, 
 
 W. Srratforft, Printer, 
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