S O LYMAN The MAGNIFICENT GOING TO MOSQUE FROM A SERIES OF ENGRAVINGS ON WOOD PUBLISHED BY DOMENICO DEFRANCESCHI AT VENICE IN MDLXIII. BRIVJITELY 'PRINTED HT FLORENCE & EDINBURGH for Sir William Stirling Maxwell m DCCCLXXVII. Vi fl OLYMAN THE MAGNIFICENT, who was born about 1500, succeeded his father, Selim I., in 1520, and died in his camp before Szigeth, in Hungary, on the 5th September 1566. These prints were, therefore, issued while he was still on the throne of Turkey. No artist’s name is attached to the series, nor is there any indication of its origin, except in the imprint which closes the notice of Sultan Solyman on No. 3, "In Venetia; appresso Domenico de Franceschi in Frezaria all' insegna della Regina , MDLXIII.'' Intended, apparently, for the decoration of walls, these woodcuts are exceedingly rare. Only two sets have fallen under my eye, one in the Print Room of the British Museum, and another in the Royal Collection at the Uffizi at Florence. These sets differ from each other, slightly indeed, but sufficiently to make it possible that there may have been two editions. In the set in the British Museum the sheets are distinguished by capital letters, A to H, placed on the ground' near the feet of the figures; in the set in the Uffizi these letters do not appear. Both sets have, or have had, inscriptions on the base, but in the Museum set the base has been mostly cut a^vay, and only three fragments of inscriptions remain. These fragments do not agree exactly with the inscriptions on the Florence set: for example, on sheet F, Queste a piedi sono i St afteri may be made out, whereas in the correspond¬ ing inscription on No. 6, the words a piedi are omitted. In the Museum copy the woodcut border on C is empty; in the other it contains the notice of Sultan Solyman and the imprint. The Florentine set appears to have been made up from two or more impressions of the work. From that set the following photo-lithographic copies, of the full size of the original, were made for me by Signor Pietro Corrado Smorti in 1875. The original prints not being numbered, I have numbered these copies for convenience of reference. I also caused the composition to be divided into convenient lengths without regard to the sheets, so that the groups thus obtained might be complete in themselves; thus avoiding the occurrence of the head of a horse in one sheet and the body and rider in another. With my numbers the sheet-letters in the copy in the British Museum in most cases coincide, A being 1, B 2, C 3, D 4, E 5, F 6, G and H 7, and I 8 and 9. The series is here prefaced by translations of the author’s or editor’s address to his readers, containing an account of Sultan Solyman, which will be found on the third print; and of a contemporary description of the procession which the prints commemorate, by Luigi Bassano of Zara. The inscriptions at the foot of each print are also translated in the Table of Contents. Of the Turkish words and other proper names I have preserved the Venetian forms, adding to these, where it seemed necessary, the equivalent forms commonly used in English. . A notice of the ornaments employed in the prefatory matter will also be found in the Table of Contents. In some respects these prints recall the work of Cesare Vecellio, whose book on costume, Degli abiti antichi et moderni di diversiparti del mondo libri due; Venegia presso Damian Zenaro, 1590, and app. Gio. Bern. Sessa, 1598, 8°, was so highly esteemed that the woodcuts were long reputed to have been executed from designs by the great Titian Vecellio, who was the uncle of the author. No inconsiderable portion of the volume is devoted to the Turks, and in the Cavalcade of Solyman the pencil of Cesare Vecellio would have found a congenial subject. A poor copy on copper of the present series of prints on a reduced scale appears amongst the folding plates in a very inferior work on the same subject by Pietro Bertelli, Diversorum Nationum Habitus: apud Alciatum Alcia et P. Bertellium, 1594, Patavii; 3 vols. sm. 8°; vol. ii.; it measures 4.3 inches high, by 24-3 inches wide. A good perspective view of Solyman’s cavalcade filing across the Atmeidan, with a portion of Constantinople in the background, forms the last of the seven interesting woodcuts of Peter Coeck of Aelst, entitled Moeurs et factions de faire des Turcz . . . l’an MDXXXIII., Anvers, MDLI., of which I printed an edition on a reduced scale under the title of The Turks in MDXXXIII.: London and Edinburgh, 1873, oblong folio. The impression of this work consists of only One Hundred Copies. I ALF-TITLE. Border from L’Agricoltura di Agostino Gallo ; Venetia, app. C. et R. Borgo- mineri, 1572, 4° p. 3 PRESENTATION PAGE. Border from Lc Imprest Amorose e Militari di Anton Fran¬ cesco Doni, 1561,4°. MS. in the possession of the Rev. Walter Sneyd, Keele Hall, county Stafford ....... SULTAN SOLYMAN THE MAGNIFICENT. Bust, with border inscribed SOLI- MANNUS TURCARUM IMP. XII. By Peter Merecinus . On Title-page SULTAN SOLYMAN. Bust, with inscription in Turkish and Latin, "Image of Solyman, Emperor of the Turks in the East, only son of Selim, who, A.D. 1520, succeeded his father in the Empire, in which year also Charles V., grandson of Maximilian, was crowned at Aachen in the West, Emperor of the Christians, most faithfully drawn by Melchior Lorch, of Flensberg in Holstein, a most diligent student of antiquity, at Con¬ stantinople, on the 15th of February 1559." Original i 6'2 x 114 Back of Title-page PREFACE. Ornaments from G. B. Susio, Della Ingiustitia del Duello; Vinegia (G. Giolito), 1558, 4° Sig. A. ii.. S., with Medallion of Sultan Solyman. From Vita r et leones Sultanorum Turcicomm , dcscripttE ... a J. J. Boissardo ; Francofurti ad Moen. (Theo. De Bruys), MDXCVI., 4 0 , P- 172 • CONTENTS. Ornaments from LAgricoltura di A. Gallo, p. 1. Marmi del Doni ; Vinegia, per F. Marcolini, 1552, 4 0 , Parte ii. p. 46 . . . . . H., with Device of Anselmo Giaccarelli. From Or do Monachorum Ereniitarum D.Hieronymi; Bononke, ap. A. Giaccarelum, MDLIV., 4°, last leaf .............. INSCRIPTIONS ON THE WOODCUTS TRANSLATED .......... T. From L'Ulisse di M. Lodovico Dolce. In Venegia, app. Gab. Giolito de’ Ferrari, MDLXXIII., 4°, p. 137 .... TRANSLATION OF THE PUBLISHER’S NOTICE OF SULTAN SOLYMAN on the third Plate. Ornaments from L'Ulisse, *iiii. verso, and Thucidide trad, per Fr. de Soldo Strozzi; Vinegia, G. Giolito, 1564, 4 0 , Sig. *ii. ....... S. From Jeron. Ruscelli ; Le Imprest Illustn, Venetia, app. Fr. Rampazetta, 1566. 4°. DESCRIPTION OF THE CAVALCADE OF THE GREAT TURK in going to Mosque, by Luigi Bassano of Zara E. From Homelie di Francesco Catlani. In Fiorenza, app. Lor. Torrentino, 1559, 4°, p. 11 5. THE SOLYMANYEH MOSQUE at Constantinople. From a woodcut.by Melchior Lorch, 1570 . . . . . SULTAN SOLYMAN. Full length (1) in his robes ; (2) in his hunting dress; from drawings by Cesare Vecellio on the vellum covers of a book; Annali de' Turchi; da F. Sansovino, LXXVII., 4 0 ........... THE CAVALCADE OF SULTAN SOLYMAN. From Les Moeurs et Factions de faire des Turcss jnor Pierre Coeck, 1535. Anvers, 1552. The original woodcut is about 11.6 in. high, 27 in. wide . \ . INSCRIPTIONS ON THE WOODCUTS TRANSLATED. The original Venetian spelling of the various Turkish names is retained, but the names are added between brackets as they are given according to English pronunciation in Redhouse’s English ami Turkish Dictionary, London 1856, 8°. HIS is the order in which the Great Turk goes to pray in the Mosque. Here are seen a great number of light horsemen and courtiers, who go to do honour of the said Great Turk, not out of necessity, but according to wont; they are called Spaii (Slpahi), light horsemen, and Spaoglani (Slpah-oghlani); and their attire is as in the picture. There are constables, called Caffassi (KAvw&ss) ................ This man, on horseback, by himself, is the chief of the foregoing constables; he is called Subassi (Su-bishi) of Constantinople. Here follow various chiefs of mounted Janissaries, or captains of a hundred men, Boluc/tbassi (Buluk-bashf), or Jag/nabassi (Yaya-bashf), attired as Here follow another group of courtiers, of higher rank than the others ; amongst whom ride many of those who carry the dishes for the Great Turk’s table, called Chilsinir (ChashnigTr). Next come a great number of Janissaries on foot, with three chiefs riding amongst them, attired as you sed .............. He who here rides alone is the Janicarga, chief or Agha of all the Janissaries. Of these two on horseback, one is Captain of the Fleet, Idest 1 Bascia (Kapudanfderya Pasha), the other Grand- Marshal, called Obruchur Bassi (Imrakhor-bashf, Master of the Horse) ..... These four on horseback are the Captains of the Guard of the gate of the palace of the Great Turk, called Capizibassi (Kap/jf-basht). These three on horseback are the Grand Chancellors of the Great Turk, called Defterdarri (Ddfterdar) .......... These two are over tlie ministers and correctors of the laws, judges of the army, called Cadclcschier (Kaziyyu-’l-assker). These are the Grooms of the Body Guard of the Great Turk, called Solacchi (Sblak), about three hundred in number These with clubs are certain officers who keep off the crowd, called Zauss * [chawush]. This their captain is called Zauss-Bassi (Chawush-Bash/J. These on horseback are two young Bascia (Pashas). These on horseback are two other Bascia, older ......... This is the chief Bascia. These are other Zausz, who clear the way for the Great Turk, keeping off those who would trouble him. These four youths run beside the Great Turk’s stirrups ; they are chosen from the soldiers, on account of their speed, to attend on him, and are called Pcich (P£yk). Sultan Solyman, Emperor of the Turks. Lastly, these two youths each carry on his horse's croupe a cushion for the Great Turk to sit on 4 5 6 8 9 1 This word seems to have been miswrit 3 In ordinary Italian Chians. TRANSLATION OF THE PUBLISHER’S NOTICE OF SOLYMAN (< (ON r LATE III.) OM E time ago kind readers, I made a design of a Turkish and a Christian army. Now I have made another, in which you see Solyman, Sultan and Emperor of the Turks as he goes to his Mosque to offer up prayer. And because this Sultan is reputed to be humane and very courteous as compared with his predecessors, and attentive to religion it has seemed to me right to narrate for you some of his deeds. First, in the year i s -o his father Selim being dead, Solyman succeeded him, and the year following, 1521, took Belgrade, and mined many fortresses ,n Hungary. In ,522 he went against Rhodes with emered ,h S “ “ mul “ ude ? f a ' the end of June, and at last took it and entered therein on Christmas day. In 1526 he routed King Lewis of Hungary In 101, he returned into Hungary and besieged Buda for the second time. Thence he marched to Vienna, to which he laid siege on the 2ad of September with 400,000 men, of whom 80,000 perished of hunger and cold in their hasty retreat. In 1532 he took Guasio,* a castle in Hungary. In 1534 he undertook the enterprise of Africa, and from Hungary sent Barbarossa, captain of his fleet, against the King of Tunis; and from him Ear W, \ d 77 h,s kingdom. In 1535 he took by storm Tunis,' a city of the unfwL- P ^ ^ ^ "' h °' ^ Th a"I as Ki "E ° f been taken unawares, were slain to the number of twenty thousand; very rich spoils and the concubmes of the Great Turk were also captured. In 1537 he went against Corfu with a fleet of 150 galleys and other huge ships, and besieged it for ten days; and having burnt various towns wasted the country, and slain many of the inhabitants, Sla d p h ’d an , ^ /ante and Cephalonia. Paros and Naxos and, 0^ ten thousand foot and two thousand horse to ravage the'Tores' rf ApdU^Tn dlief J ar f ‘ ° f «“t "*'> S fi,“K rgs who deserted to join the Tartars in Armenia. In 1549 he raised a new army amTinsr the P ° S “"successfully, losing many men fhunc“;^ “ y S °' yma " b as W In Venice; published by Domenico de’ Franceschi, in the Frezaria, at the sign of the Queen, M.D.LXIII. DESCRIPTION OF THE CAVALCADE OF THE GREAT TURK IN GOING TO MOSQUE - BY LUIGI BASSANO OF ZARA. G ( eat , commonl y P asses some time, for the convenience of hunting, S thTol Adna ”°P 1 ';j a "d bang in one or other of these towns he goes to the chief Mosque in whir P h ra«eT ? Whe " ? Consta ntmople, be goes to the Mosque of St. Sophia, Snlrnn M h V h n ‘ *V-f h ‘ m ' as k is close “ tha Seraglio; or to the Mosque of MoS” ' " h,c t was b ” ,!t by that SuIta "' who bes buried in a little chapel behind £ head to th M b C0Vel ? d c g Mn velvet . "' ith a S reat candle always burning at remflar orS ^ MoSque of Salta " Mustapha. To one or other of these three Mosques, ™ Sv or fif, rh- g0es eve ,!7 Fr J day ' The order of his cavalcade is as follows :-First f whVh df , y Chla “' or Mace-bearers, on horseback, crying Ottca, ollea, si, dmnuhkm M?" 7 ? sa , y ' Here “ mes our Lord the Sultan,” and dealing furious blows. They and „ ' with y h PI:ri j aP fi ‘ W ° ! housa “ d Janissaries on foot, with swords, axes at their girdles^ sShR and Sin k “T P f lm , S ‘“"t “ thdr backs ; and by about the same number of b™, 4U S n •°“ horseback with swords, bows and arrows, and maces at their saddle- m s,le "cc' nothing being heard but the sound of their feet and the adoTed^wfh A b rse f “, me e ,“ ° r tvren| y Icd horses, all with rich head-trappings, briny seen £ d ' am ° nds ' sapphires, turquoises, and great pearls, the saddles not Si " beCa T r are C0vered "‘th housings of scarlet velvet. Near the Great Turk to keen off ?h d ' ? T ”W ,ng 0 " either sid o of him, about a pike's length off, with Km Eeforfh° P ■ SS he u h0uld cal1 ° ne of tbe Pashas or other officers fo talk sabre, and the third, a golden bottle of scented water to wash’withTt'the° d™r'of* carry ,‘ ng ^ bow and arrows, another, his are mistaken. In this stately fashion the Great Turk goes to Mosque wherein having eMere 7 Sr% th °“ gb m , any Sa Z to drink, but they surrounded with blinds called jealousies, for his especial use Here he omvs alonITnl™. d h r 1? t P r , a ! sed a i out four cubl,s ' ' Probably Guns. ■ Probably Tebriz. ■ 0* mart. uni,,„.U Mr .**, H impels to Tunhi rmt. M M. Fr.ace.co Sansovino, Vinegi.; app. Fr. Ramparello, r 5 6 4 , 4. f. 30S , 3 on any iflaSiHB 11 princjpio di quefta ordinaiua, equando il S. Turco va a orarcalia Mofchea, come qui vede andar vna gran quantiradi Ca S .Turco,non per obligo,ma per vfanza ,& fi dimandano in lingua loro Spaii,cioe i Caualli leggieri, & Spaoglani,i Cortigiar Icegicri,& Corccgiani,perhonorar il ditto Cfedti [ono Sbmi, ousr Zaffi^i n einflo ellfrciroTurcIwfro.S unoCh: iftiano rlnra hm.rdo Cjfar to qiicflc dilTcgno.nl quale Solinun, Sultan In pti di 1 tirchi, (icomequando us alia fua MoCrhca; a far or;ti< re. Et • filer uueflo Signor \ iputato humane,ft cortefe moltp . a! par dtTuoirmtecefforattendend3 molio alia Reli- eione mi ha parlsdi narraruialqtiancodc’fuoi fatcl. f i prim* l'anno kio. (ilendoinwcoSelimfuopadrejSolinu- nefocttffealgi.Sr l'annofcqgemethefu, Mil. ifpugnoBelgrado ,crouiiio moire forterte mVngheria. fJtl if»». andoa Rhodi.con 400 legm.ft con gun mnltitudmcdipcrfone . nel fin di Giugno,vlcimamente 1’acqut- 1 I 6 .& tmroui dcntio i! di diNarale .L'anno ruppe il Re LuJouicod'Vnearia-Dcl ifty ritorno in Vngarii, et affe dip la feconda volia Buda,Poi and* a Vienna,alia qua! pole I'allcdio.a 11, di Sectembre, con 40000c, perfone.delle qua li otrana mila pcrirono.patte per fame, Jc per frcddo.luegendo.NcI 1131, hebbe Guafio Caftello in Vneam. Del j 4 , (ipoft all'imprcfa J'Africa.e d’Vngaria.mandd Barbarofia Capitanio»lc!b1 ftia irmat* cotrail Re dfTumli.alqunleegli tplfevl Rcgno.Pel ’f preltperfprza Tbui' , ciiri Jd So(F , 8c mifleuidtnrroTorchi.iquali'poi da Tahami Rede Per- fan, eflrndocoltpalia (proulfta.furono amnuz/ati, da vintinulaperfcnt.olerelerpoglicricchifsiine.Mc Concubine dielTn Signor Turco.Vcnnedel jT.ton vnaarmaradl ifo.lialce.fic altrtgrofuftmii legr.iad afTalcarel'lOJla di Cor- fiq& l'affcdid dice, di.abbmciaci i Bi.rghi.ftguaflii campi,& amnia ;, iti mold de Pc.Iiani.fi parti, Uccheggioil Zante, ft Cither* Spiani Hgina. Paro.&Nairofcdtribiicarij, Dappomandb in Pag 1 a la miglior parte dcll’armata.nellaqua It era dicce mil* fami.ft due mila oualli a predar le riuiere. Del 39, rihebbe Caftel Nouo. Dipot I’anno ir 4 r elTendo lalcatoTutoredel hgliuolo ; daGiouann' Vaiuoda.ecliiamatoda Giorgio pavente del Vamoda in Vngiria.ilqnale pre ft Buda encio nella U"iezM,8t foggid Pefl ,8c prende Srrigoma.dijfaccndo hno alle fondimentl la chri di cinque Clue- (t. L'anno del 4 t. Modal* fnofigliuolo .deGderofbdeU'lmperiopaterno,ibl'eub ipopoli d’Egino , 8c moffel’armi de" Perfianicontrail Padn. Del 4*. andbcongiandeeflercitocontraTolcha Rede' Pcrfiani.combatti intclicemente, per- dendo I fuoi.che volnranocongiungetfi couT anaii.nell'Arnicnutr.inorc Dipoi l'anno if 4 «. fete nuani efferciti coo tra Per tiawi.dc fta la prim voiu ch'egli aflcldb genre.pagar, Jola groiTamcacc. M< egli pc-de per fame,8c perpcftel'efler. cito.EielTr’do ilmorbc in ColL.ntimipo!i,alia gnardu del quale haueua polio centoGalete tnfuaincnza.mantarono fe.tantam 1 huoniini. Del tj, ueduti 1 ponamtncidl Muftafifuohgl;uolojlofeccftr4ngola:e,8tdella Rofla, hebbe Mahomet ftaulTt, Selim ,& laiu-ir.chefail Gobbojdc’quaithoravine Sdim.atBaialic. In Vend ii, appreflo Domenico dc'Traoccfchi, m Frc*»rU,all'infcgo»ddl« Regina. M. D. LX II 1 . 11] Quefti dui a cauallo Tuno di loro cCapitano dell’Arinata,addimandato S Ideft Bafcii, Faltro e il gran Mareicilco,addimandato Obrochur Bafsi. Quefti co quefte maroche fbno alcuni che Quefto c capo di Zau£t,addi» fanno far largo, &fonochiamati Zaufz. mandato ZaufcBafsi. Ii r i V ■IHMIMlI I H' l W I ll'll! 11 Wil I l i m i l.i l 1 1 ll lltri laufr,, ch efano che niun ipcdi(cai ;nor. Dindo a quclli importuni. Quefti quarro giauani corre alia ftaflfa d.l Signor,& fidice che ci c ftata c*- uata la rriiha per poter corrcr>accadendo al Signor, efi dimandanO Peich* bbs?s Queftidui gioucni m vltimo portanc vno cufsifloper vndiugrop- pa delcauallo per il fedcr del Signo r.