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THE 
 
 HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES 
 
 OF THE 
 
 CATHEDRAL CHURCH 
 
 OF 
 
 SALISBURY; 
 
 ILLUSTRATED WITH 
 
 A SERIES OF ENGRAVINGS 
 
 OF 
 
 VIEWS, ELEVATIONS, PLANS, AND DETAILS OF THAT EDIFICE: 
 
 ALSO 
 
 ETCHINGS OF THE ANCIENT MONUMENTS AND SCULPTURE : 
 
 INCLUDING 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANECDOTES OF THE BISHOPS, 
 
 AND OF 
 
 OTHER EMINENT PERSONS CONNECTED WITH THE CHURCH. 
 
 BY JOHN BRITTON, F.S.A. 
 
 ETC. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 M. A. NATTALI, 19, SOUTH AM PTON-STREET, COVENT-GARDEN. 
 
 1836. 
 
MARCH ANT. 
 
 PRINTER. 
 
 NO RAM-COURT. 
 
 TENCH U RCII-STR EET. 
 
TO 
 
 THE RIGHT REVEREND 
 
 JOHN FISHER, D.D, F.S.A. 
 
 LORD BISHOP OF SALISBURY, 
 
 CHANCELLOR OF THE ORDER OF THE GARTER, 
 
 AND 
 
 PRECEPTOR TO HER ROYAL HIGHNESS 
 
 THE PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES; 
 
 THIS HISTORY AND GRAPHICAL ILLUSTRATION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 CATHEDRAL CHURCH OF SALISBURY, 
 
 IS RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED BY 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 
 London, March, 1814. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The time of laying the foundation of a great edifice, and that of 
 completing it, are epochs of rejoicing and pleasure to the architect; 
 but these emotions spring from different causes. On the first 
 
 occasion they arise from the mingled feelings of hope, solicitude, 
 and confidence; on the second, from a consciousness of having- 
 fulfilled an arduous duty, and of having accomplished a task 
 
 which involved his fortune, or ruin; his fame, or disgrace. It is 
 
 thus with an honest and anxious author : he commences his 
 
 labours with hope, prosecutes them with unceasing solicitude, and 
 generally finishes them with joy. Tins joy however is not positive and 
 confirmed ; for he has yet to pass the fiery ordeal of public criticism, 
 and run the gauntlet of rigorous scrutiny. He is doomed to be tried 
 in many and various courts ; and he will be singularly fortunate 
 to escape without severe admonition, or harsh condemnation. The 
 invidious and cruel judge is regardless of an author’s sensibility, and 
 of his property. “ No higher court his sentence to control, he hangs, 
 or he reprieves, as he thinks fit.” The writer of the present volume 
 therefore trusts that the experienced critic, and the learned antiquary, 
 will exercise all their candour and charity in examining its contents ; 
 for he is fearful that such persons may find it defective, and detect 
 many real faults. Injustice to himself however he must observe, that 
 he has exerted no small degree of caution and labour to render it 
 superior to the original proposals. In the number and style of the 
 engravings, and in the quantity of letter-press, he has exceeded his 
 promise ; and in every part of the work has incurred an expense much 
 beyond the first calculation, and greater than can be repaid by the sale of 
 
 ^ b 
 
VI 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 the whole impression.* This has been done from a confidence of 
 ultimate remuneration : for liberality m a publisher generally excites 
 reciprocal liberality in the purchaser. In buying books as well as in 
 the more necessary provisions for life, we all expect a full equivalent 
 for our money : we not only demand gratification for our tastes, but 
 articles likely to increase in public estimation and in pecuniary 
 value. The English are not only a thinking, but a calculating 
 people ; they are also readers; and, in the present age, are very 
 generally capable of appreciating works of merit, and ready to 
 purchase them. 
 
 In prefacing the present volume, the author wishes to explain its 
 origin, his intentions in the execution, and his views in prosecuting 
 subsequent portions of the work. For some years past he has been 
 in the habit of travelling to various parts of England, principally with 
 a view of examining its antiquities. He also has had occasion to 
 investigate and write a great deal relating to the history of these 
 subjects. On such occasions he has often lamented the want of a 
 complete and apposite work illustrative of our Cathedrals, for 
 these are universally acknowledged to be the most important and most 
 interesting of our national antiquities. Whether contemplated as objects 
 of grandeur, science, art, or history, they alike claim the attention and 
 admiration of all persons of taste and learning ; and to the architectural 
 antiquary in particular, they are inexhaustible subjects for study 
 and investigation. He views them with peculiar and insatiable 
 
 The original prospectus only promised thirty engravings, and about eighty pages of letter-press ; 
 whereas thirty-one prints, with three wood-cuts, and nearly double the quantity of literary matter, 
 are now given. In arranging and disposing the latter, particular care has been taken to occupy and 
 display every page to the best advantage. The printer has also laudably endeavoured to merit the 
 approbation of the typographical connoisseur. Although, in point of calculation of loss and gain, 
 and in direct expenditure, the practice of exceeding original promises in literary works is very 
 uncommon, and may appear more generous than prudent, the author has already tried the experiment 
 in “ The Architectural Antiquities of Great Britain in the prosecution of which he greatly 
 exceeded his first calculations and stipulations in each department, but without raising the price 
 to the purchaser. A continually increasing sale was the result, and very general approbation 
 the reward. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 Vll 
 
 delight; examines their construction, and their various styles of 
 architecture ; inquires into their history, epochas of enlargement and 
 alteration; and, finally, scrutinizes their architectural details with 
 ceaseless zeal and perseverance. 
 
 As buildings only they amuse and delight almost every spectator ; 
 but associate them with the sublimity and benignity of the Christian 
 religion, and with the amazing ostentation and tyranny of ancient 
 monaclnsm, they awaken the most active curiosity and interest. Yet, 
 strange to say, these wonderful edifices have been hitherto much 
 neglected by the discriminating historian and the antiquary. Each 
 may be said to have its local guide; but this is frequently executed by 
 some illiterate or fulsome panegyrist. The person always, or generally 
 attached to one church, is certainly not well qualified to appreciate its 
 beauties and defects—its real and comparative importance. He usually 
 acquires a common-place and technical mode of commenting on it; 
 and too frequently continues and perseveres in old prejudices and 
 established errors. It will be the endeavour of the present author to 
 explain and correct such things; and to other his criticisms with 
 freedom, but with strict regard to liberality and candour. 
 
 Br •owne Willis attempted a detailed and general Survey of the 
 Cathedrals , in 1742 ; but his work does not comprise above one half 
 of the number, and applies to the subordinate subjects of the diocess, 
 rather than to the church. In Dart’s Account of Canterbury Cathedral , 
 we find a more comprehensive and apposite work: but Benthams 
 History , fc. of Ely, not only surpasses all its predecessors, but is truly 
 valuable and important: it may be regarded almost as a model for the 
 history of any one particular cathedral. The plates also had novelty 
 and merit. But still this is much too diffuse for a general publication ; 
 and the architect and connoisseur require superior embellishments. In 
 planning and executing the present work, as part of a series, the author 
 has endeavoured to gratify persons of this description. He has sought 
 to inform the architect and antiquary by geometrical elevations and 
 details; and the connoisseur and general artist by such views of the 
 
\ 111 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 building as display its most distinguishing and interesting features. It 
 has also been his wish to please another class of persons, by accurate 
 delineations of ancient sculpture. In historical and biographical nar¬ 
 rative he deems truth of paramount importance; and as this is of 
 difficult attainment, he has sought it with diligence and caution. 
 Every accessible source has been resorted to, contending authorities 
 compared and analyzed, and collateral evidence brought in. Although 
 he had already written an account of this church and its monuments, 
 he has re-examined every statement, re-written every line, and made 
 much alteration and addition in every part. He has been scrupulous 
 in giving authorities; and, besides noticing them at the respective 
 places where they are quoted, has also subjoined a 44 Catalogue 
 Raisonnee ” of them at the end. Following a general custom, he has 
 given short accounts of every bishop of the see, and has endeavoured to 
 mark the prominent characteristics of each, in a concise, independent, 
 and impartial sketch. It was his intention to have given copies of the 
 principal epitaphs and inscriptions, but is restrained by the extent of 
 materials already introduced, which he fears will, by some readers, be 
 thought still too prolix. The Chronological List, at the end, it is hoped 
 will prove interesting to many persons. 
 
 Tavistock Place, London , 
 
 October , 1815, 
 
HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES 
 
 OF 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL CHURCH. 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS :-ORIGIN AND ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SEE : — 
 
 SETTLEMENT AT OLD SARUM, WITH ACCOUNT OF ITS CATHEDRAL THERE : 
 -SUCCESSIVE BISHOPS, AND REMOVAL TO SALISBURY. 
 
 The inimitable and profound bard of nature has wisely and justly 
 remarked, that the contemplative man, or acute philosopher, “ finds tongues 
 in trees, books in the running brooks, sermons in stones, and good in every 
 thing.” Indeed every object of nature and of art is calculated to call into 
 action the intellectual powers ; and to exercise these with judgment, is 
 conducive to happiness and to wisdom. To the active mind the most 
 minute atom of creation affords a theme for inquiry and comment:—the 
 smallest pebble or particle of sand on the sea-shore is entitled to close 
 examination, because it possesses intrinsic qualities of a useful nature, 
 and perhaps of essential consequence to mankind. Accustoming ourselves 
 thus to look “ through nature up to nature’s God,” we shall find an endless 
 source of amusement and instruction: we shall also acquire that most 
 important branch of knowledge, the power of appreciating every thing 
 
 B 
 
2 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 for its individual, as well as for its relative qualities. Thus one object will 
 prove to be amusing, another delightful, and a third highly interesting 
 and instructive. Of the last class is a grand Cathedral Church; which 
 comprises within itself, and is directly connected with such a mass of 
 curious and impressive circumstances, that the mind is almost overpowered in 
 contemplating it in the aggregate, and in detail. As a work of art and 
 science, it excites surprise and affords delight; as a temple of religious 
 worship, dedicated to the true and only God, it commands awful veneration ; 
 and as a subject of antiquity, it awakens curiosity and gives a stimulus to 
 inquiry. In one great pile of building we shall then easily perceive all the 
 <£ tongues,”—“ books,”—“ sermons,”—and “ good,” which Shakspeare meta¬ 
 phorically attributes to trees, brooks, and stones. It will not indeed require 
 a great stretch of imagination, to deduce from this subject a philosophical 
 and critical history of man in remote times; and as he appears to have been 
 influenced by tyranny, or liberty, by superstition, or freedom. Preserving 
 these sentiments in our minds, let us pursue our inquiries with avidity, 
 but with circumspection ; and looking beyond the surface, or mere forms of 
 buildings, let us endeavour to ascertain the condition, customs, arts, and 
 characters of the men who designed and raised them. 
 
 As the Cathedrals of our country are its chief and most interesting edifices, 
 whether considered as monuments of art, of science, or of antiquity, 
 they demand the most scrupulous care and solicitude from the writer 
 who undertakes to develope their history. It will therefore be alike my 
 duty and pleasure to investigate every statement that comes before me— 
 to analyze all the accounts that have hitherto been published—to seek for 
 new and original information —to detail facts with impartiality and explicit¬ 
 ness and indeed in every respect to endeavour to satisfy the laudable 
 demands of the reader. This task is certainly of great and delicate 
 responsibility, and involves in its execution, not merely the knowledge and 
 assiduity of the writer, but his liberality of sentiment, and integrity of 
 piinciple. As embracing anecdotes of illustrious men, many of whom have 
 been both extravagantly panegyrised and reprobated ; and recording historical 
 facts ot remote times, arts, and customs ; it is imperious that the author 
 
ORIGIN OF THE DIOCESS. 
 
 3 
 
 should exercise the greatest precaution and candour: for positive and unso¬ 
 phisticated truth is the grand desideratum of history, whilst opinion and 
 probability are only to be employed as its satellites.—In thus prefacing the 
 account of Salisbury Cathedral, the reader is apprised of those principles of 
 thinking which will influence my intentions, and which shall be also my 
 guide and guard in the performance. 
 
 The diocess of Wiltshire is of comparatively late establishment, and that of 
 Salisbury is even subsequent to the former. The Anglo-Saxons of Wessex, 
 who occupied Wiltshire, had their first see at Winchester; from which, 
 as the metropolis of the western part of England, other subordinate and 
 independent bishoprics were formed : one of these was fixed at Dorchester 
 in Oxfordshire, and another at Sherbourne in Dorsetshire. Under the latter, 
 Wiltshire appears to have been governed, as to ecclesiastical affairs, for nearly 
 two hundred years; or till the year 905, or 909, as Wharton thinks. About 
 this time a very considerable change took place in the condition of the West- 
 Saxon church. In consequence of the disorganized state of the country, 
 immediately after King Alfred’s death, the great western diocess remained 
 without a bishop for the space of seven years. The reigning monarch, 
 Edward the Elder, and Plegmund, Archbishop of Canterbury, who had been 
 Alfred’s divinity preceptor, summoned a synod, and divided the two bishoprics 
 into five, and appointed a bishop to each. To ratify the proceedings of this 
 assembly, the Archbishop proceeded to Rome, and purchased the Pope’s 
 sanction by “ costly presents.” On returning to England he consecrated the 
 five new bishops ; also “a sixth for the South-Saxons, and a seventh for the 
 Mercians.” 1 One of these appears to have been appropriated to Wiltshire. 
 At this early state of the diocess, the seat of the Bishop however was unset¬ 
 tled ; and is said to have been alternately a.t Wilton, at Sunning, 2 and at 
 Ramsbury, before it was fixed at Sarum, or at Salisbury. 
 
 1 Johnson’s “ Ecclesiastical Laws, &c.” A.D. DCCCCVIII. 
 
 2 This place has been generally named as one of the seats of the bishop; but Tanner 
 
 B 2 
 
4 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 It is extremely difficult to ascertain any essential facts relating to this 
 early period of church history. Godwin has given a list of bishops who 
 presided over the diocess, from its first creation till its permanent settle¬ 
 ment at Salisbury ; when the succession, and many other particulars 
 respecting the see and bishopric are recorded with more probability and 
 certainty. According to this author, there were nine bishops of Wiltshire 
 before the see was fixed at Sarum: of these, Ethelstan was installed 
 the first bishop in 909, and had his seat at Ramsbury near Marlbro’ in 
 Wiltshire: he was succeeded by Odo, surnamed Severus, who after 
 governing the diocess a short time was advanced to the archiepiscopal chair 
 of Canterbury in 934. 3 Osulphus was the next bishop, and he removed 
 his seat to Wilton/ the capital town of the county. Dying in 970, he was 
 followed by Alfstanus, or Alestanus, an abbot of the great monastery 
 of Abingdon, who appears to have presided eleven years, and died in 981, 
 when he was buried in his own abbey. This shows that the bishops of 
 Wiltshire had not yet raised a regular Cathedral. Alfgarus, or Wolf- 
 garus, succeeded the former; and was followed by Siricius, who was 
 elevated to the See of Canterbury in 989. His successor, Alfricus, 
 Alfric, or Aluricus, reigned only five years over the Wiltshire diocess, 
 when he was also advanced to the seat of his predecessor. 5 The next 
 
 (Notitia Monastica) questions the truth of this opinion; Leland however states, that the “ Bishops 
 of Saresbyri hath had at Sunning, afore the conquest, an auncient maner place, and hath been Lordes 
 there.” Itinerary, ii. 3. 
 
 3 Dart however asserts, that Wlfhelme, the preceding archbishop, did not die till 94 J. 
 History, &c. of Canterbury, p. 108. Osborne and Gervaise have given long accounts, full of 
 miracles and improbability, of this person, who was advanced from poverty to the first station in 
 the church. He drew up a series of canons or constitutions, ten in number, very strict and rigid. 
 See Johnsons Ecclesiastical Laws, &c. A. D. DCCCCXLIII. See also Dart’s History of Canter¬ 
 bury, as above. 
 
 4 Much confusion, and apparent contradiction, prevail in the writings of ecclesiastical historians 
 respecting the locality of this See : it appears chiefly to have arisen from confounding the words 
 Wiltoniensis, and Wintoniensis ; and from the uncertain meaning of the former word, which 
 equally expresses relation to the town of Wilton and to the shire at laroe. 
 
 O 
 
 5 See Dart’s History, &c. of Canterbury* p. 112. 
 
BISHOPS OF WILTSHIRE. 
 
 5 
 
 prelate was Brithwold, or Brithwoldus, who, according to the Saxon 
 annals, was a monk of Glastonbury, and a benefactor to the abbey of 
 Malmsbury. He was removed from Sarum to Winchester in 1006, and 
 died in 1015. 6 Dr. Heylin gives the names of two other bishops, but with¬ 
 out any authority. According to Godwin, Hermann us, or Herman de 
 Lotiiaringia, was the ninth Bishop of Wiltshire, and the first of Sarum. 
 He was a Fleming by birth ; and having been chaplain to King Edward the 
 Confessor, possessed some influence with the monarch. This he first ex¬ 
 ercised in prevailing on the king to remove the see from Wilton to the 
 established and flourishing abbey of Malmsbury. The monks of that house, 
 with Earl Godwin at their head, strenuously opposed the change, and com¬ 
 pletely thwarted the proud prelate. Mortified at this event, he hastily and 
 indignantly left his sacred post, 7 and retired to 'Bertin in France, where he 
 assumed the monastic habit, and continued in retirement three years: 
 
 Aldred, Bishop of Worcester, presided during his absence. Seclusion and 
 
 humility were not, however, congenial to the temper of Herman; he re¬ 
 turned to England, and though formerly foiled in his views of aggrandize¬ 
 ment, he now made a greater and more successful effort. The Bishop 
 
 of Sherbourne dying about this time, Herman exerted his influence with 
 the king to reinstate himself in the see of Wilton, and unite that diocess 
 with Sherbourne: thus he augmented both his influence and revenues. 
 Another great change afterwards occurred in the removal to, and settle¬ 
 
 ment of, the combined sees at Sarum; 8 which was done in conformity to 
 
 6 Editor of Rudborne’s Hist. Maj.—William of Malmsbury dates his death in 1045. See Mil¬ 
 ner’s Winchester. 2nd edit. vol. i. p. 181. 
 
 7 The precise year of this occurrence, as well as the time of Herman’s death, are variously 
 
 stated by different writers. According to one authority he left England in 1050, and went to 
 Rome, with Aldred, Bishop of Worcester; but others state that he deserted his see in 1055, and 
 
 returned in 1058. Brompton fixes his death in 1076, the Saxon Chronicle in 1077, and the 
 
 Chronicle of St. Cross in 1078. 
 
 8 Sarum, called Old Sarum, to distinguish it from the new city, is singular as to site, form, 
 and other particulars. Though unquestionably a Roman station, the Sorbiodunum of Antoninus, 
 it is an anomaly in Roman castrametation. Unlike the sites usually chosen by the scientific war¬ 
 riors from Italy this is an eminence, remote from water, and formed with a series of circular 
 ramparts. These circumstances plainly imply that the place was previously occupied and for- 
 
6 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Lanfranc’s third canon, made in London, A. D. 1075, the ninth year of 
 King- William, when Herman was one of the council. The bishop having 
 thus gained two important points, and removed to his new station, soon 
 began the building of a cathedral, and most probably dwellings for himself 
 and his clergy. He did not however live long to enjoy his exaltation ; but 
 dying about the year 1077, was succeeded by Osmund, or Osmundus, 
 who was ordained in 1078. This prelate, like his predecessor, was calcu¬ 
 lated to advance his own fortune, and the prosperity of his diocess. Coming- 
 in the retinue of the first Anglo-Norman monarch, he was secure of royal 
 protection and assistance. This was soon evinced by his being successively 
 created Earl of Dorset, Lord High Chancellor of England, and Bishop of 
 Salisbury. Thus invested with civil and ecclesiastical power, he pro¬ 
 ceeded with, and soon finished the cathedral which had been commenced 
 by his predecessor: he also endowed it with considerable revenues, placed 
 in it thirty-six canons, and confirmed these matters by a charter, dated at 
 Hastings, April 5, 1091. This was confirmed by King William Rufus, and 
 witnessed by seven Counts, the Archbishop of Canterbury, nine Bishops, and 
 nineteen other persons. In the true Catholic style it commences to this 
 effect: “ In the name of the holy and undivided Trinity, I, Osmund, Bishop 
 of the church of Salisbury, for the salvation of the souls of King William, 
 and his queen Matilda, his son William, King of the English, and also for 
 the salvation of my own soul, have built the church of Salisbury, and have 
 constituted canons therein, and have canonically granted for ever, freely as 
 I received, the goods of the church to them so living canonically.” It then 
 proceeds to name and grant to the use of the church, besides knights’ fees, 
 
 lifted by the Britons, and merely strengthened and enlarged by the Romans. By the latter people 
 it was rendered almost impregnable, and was connected with other neighbouring stations by 
 military roads. It appears to have continued in the occupation of the Romans during their 
 residence in Britain, and was subsequently possessed by the Saxons and by the Normans. Its 
 ecclesiastical inhabitants having removed to Salisbury in the course of the thirteenth century, 
 occasioned the decay and ultimate depopulation of Old Sarum; which was once a large, 
 populous, and mighty city, adorned with a cathedral and other churches, and guarded by lofty 
 bulwarks, towers, and a castle. But now mark the change; instead of these formidable and 
 pompous works, all is wildness and desertion; every vestige of building is levelled, and nothing 
 but deep ditches and lofty banks remain to indicate the former residence of men. 
 
Osmund’s charter. 
 
 7 
 
 the towns of “ Gleminster, Aalton, Cerninster, Beminster, Netherbury, 
 Werlington; the church of Sherborne, with the tenths of the town and other 
 appendages, except the tenths of the monks and sepulture ; the church of 
 Bere, with its tenths and other appendages; the church of St. George in 
 Dorchester, with the same; half of the church of Mere, with a moiety of 
 the tenths, &c.; the church of Salisbury, 9 with its tenths and appendages; 
 two hides and a half of land in the same town, and six hides and a half 
 in Stratford, and before the gate of the castle; the lands on both sides 
 of the way, or road, for gardens and houses for the canons: also the 
 churches of Willisford, Pottern, Lavington, Ramsbury, and Bedwin, with 
 one mill in this town.” After specifying other churches, with lands, &c. it 
 proceeds, “ moreover I have given a moiety of every oblation which shall 
 be offered upon the principal altar , except the ornaments, and the whole 
 oblations of the other altars. 10 the sepulture, with the oblations made to the 
 bishop when he celebrates : besides a moiety of gold given in the said church. 
 
 9 By ancient grants from King Ina, his queen Ethelburga, and queen Editha, it appears that 
 there were at least two churches at “ Sarisbyrig” at this time. 
 
 10 “ Before the time of Pope Gregory, called the Great, the dead were always buried out of 
 the town; but saying mass for the dead being then invented, sepulture became the source of 
 great gain, as every one left largely to have masses said to pray his soul out of purgatory ; the 
 better to secure these fees, the clergy made burial grounds round the churches. The principal 
 altar was called also the high altar, and dedicated to the patron saint, as this of Sarum 
 was to the Virgin Mary; the offerings here were more sumptuous than the others. By orna¬ 
 ments we are to understand things for the use of the church ; as plate, images, crucifixes, 
 ampuls, candlesticks, basins, biers, vestments, pixes, crosiers, mitres, and such like, which were 
 the prices paid for sins.—There were two prebends, called major and minor pars altaris; these, 
 I suppose, were formerly supported by the oblations made at the altar; but this becoming 
 too much in proportion to the revenues of the rest, they had two prebends conferred on them 
 in lieu; and the offerings were divided among the Dean and Chapter. These country prebends 
 still retain the names of major pars and minor pars altaris, and point out the transaction 
 before mentioned.” Antiquitates Sarisburienses, new edit. p. 30. Gough, in “ British Topo¬ 
 graphy,” Vol. ii., and other writers since, have made some strange mistakes in the name of the 
 author of the volume just referred to. It was written by the Rev. Edward Ledwich, author 
 of “ The Antiquities of Ireland,” when he was chaplain to a regiment stationed at Salisbury. 
 About the same time he also wrote a learned essay on Stonehenge; the MS. of which is in my 
 possession. 
 
8 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 And if any of the canons shall attend the bishop in the dedication of a 
 church, he, as chaplain, shall receive part of the oblations. Further, I have 
 granted two parts of the prebend of each deceased canon to the use of the 
 rest: and a third part for the use of the poor during one year.” This 
 document, this bishop, and this epoch, constitute important objects in the 
 history of the see: for here we may date its permanent foundation, and the 
 origin of those revenues, and of that constitution, which were afterwards 
 more fully confirmed and more richly endowed. With Osmund these 
 originated, and to him the bishopric is chiefly indebted for a substantial 
 basis. The grant above recited preceded the dedication of the new church 
 just one year, as that ceremony was performed on the 5th of April, 1092, by 
 Osmund, assisted by the bishops of Winchester and Bath. Placed in a 
 high and bleak situation, it appears to have sustained a serious injury by a 
 tempest, or high wind, a few days after its dedication. Knyghton says, that 
 the storm threw down (dejecit) the roof (tectum J, 11 while others assert that 
 the belfry was burnt by lightning. This event, though calculated to inti¬ 
 midate the weak and superstitious devotees of the age, did not deter 
 Osmund from prosecuting his great work. It appears that he soon repaired 
 the injury,—placed secular canons on the foundation,—wrote some books 
 for the instruction of his clergy, and transcribed others: it is further said, 
 that he bound and illuminated some of these with his own hand. Butler 12 
 narrates the following particulars respecting our sainted bishop, the facts 
 of which appear to be derived from respectable authorities, although the 
 phraseology is neither pleasant nor rational to the Protestant ear. “ Being 
 in every thing zealous for the beauty of God’s house, he made many pious 
 foundations, beautified several churches, and erected a noble library for the 
 use of his church. Throughout his whole dioeess he placed able and 
 zealous pastors, and had about his person learned clergymen and monks. 
 Many whom the conqueror invited over from France, and advanced to the 
 first dignities of the English church, both secular and regular, were for 
 
 11 Decern Scrip. Twysden, Lond. col. 2364. 
 
 12 Lives of the Saints, &c. Vol. xii. p. 68. 8vo. edit. 1815. 
 
Osmund’s ordinale, etc. 
 
 9 
 
 introducing the particular ecclesiastical rites and offices of the places from 
 which they came; whence great confusion was occasioned in the abbey of 
 Glastenbury, under Thurston, a Norman from Caen, whom the king had 
 nominated abbot there, and in other places. To remove this inconvenience, 
 and to regulate so important a part of the divine service with the utmost 
 decency, piety, and devotion, Osmund compiled the Use, or Breviary, Missal 
 and Ritual, since called, of Sarum, for his church ; 13 wherein he ascertained 
 all the rubrics which were before not sufficiently determinate, or where books 
 were inconsistent with each other, as it often happened, while transcribers 
 took the liberty of varying from their copies : he adjusted and settled the 
 ceremonial of divine worship in points that were before left to the discretion 
 of them that officiated, which created confusion and disagreement in the 
 celebration of the divine office, though all churches agreed in the substance.’’ 
 Having effected these considerable reformations in his own church, and pre¬ 
 sided over it twenty years, he died in December, 1099, and was buried in 
 the cathedral. 
 
 13 It is justly remarked by Gough, that “ no cathedral has preserved such a variety of service 
 books for its Use as Sarum. This is another name for the Ordinale, or complete service of the 
 church of Salisbury, instituted by Bishop Osmund in 1077. It was also named the Consuetu¬ 
 dinary; and in Knig-hton’s and Higden's time it obtained almost all over England, Wales, and 
 Ireland- The whole province of Canterbury adopted it, and in right of it the Bishop of Salis¬ 
 bury was precentor in the college of bishops whenever the Archbishop of Canterbury performed 
 divine service. The cathedrals of York, Lincoln, Hereford, Bangor, and Aberdeen, had their 
 respective Uses.— The Use of Sarum not only regulated the form and order of celebrating the 
 mass, but prescribed the rule and office for all the sacerdotal functions.” The same author has 
 given a list of one hundred and fifty “ various books” of this sort that were published after the 
 invention of printing; and observes, that thirty-six of them “ were printed in the five years reign 
 of Mary, during the short relapse of these kingdoms to popery.” British Topography, Vol. ii. 
 p. 320, with references to several old authors.—The king’s license prefixed to Grafton’s Porti- 
 forium of Salisbury enumerates the “ books of divine service and prayer books” then in use; 
 viz. the Masse Booke, the Graile, the Hympnal, the Antiphoner, the Processionall, the Manual, 
 the Porteaus, and the Prymer, both in Latin and English. Every parish was required, by a 
 constitution of Archbishop Winchelsea (in the thirteenth century,) to have the Legend, Gradual, 
 Psalter, Missal, and Manual; the others were peculiar and belonged to cathedral or conventual 
 churches. 
 
 C 
 
10 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 The spiritual powers and influence of Osmund, during his active reign, 
 have been already briefly noticed ; but as connected with this church, and the 
 history of the times, it is expedient to show that his name, memory, and 
 works were revived, after a lapse of nearly four centuries, and blazoned 
 before the eyes of the Catholic world. Bishop Beauchamp, who was trans¬ 
 lated to this see in 1450, deputed two canons of his church to visit Pope 
 Nicholas V. and obtain the canonization of Osmund, who was thenceforward 
 to be enrolled a saint in the popish calendar. To effect this however much 
 time and much money were expended; for it appears that the popes, both 
 Nicholas, and his successor, Calixtus III. required continued entreaty and 
 many cogent arguments before they would comply with the bishop’s request. 
 The former pope indeed procrastinated the business for nearly five years, 
 but the latter was soon prevailed on, and issued his decree in September, 
 1456. On the first day of the following year the canonization was solemnized ; 
 and “ July 15, the translation of his body was completed, principally at the 
 expense of the bishop.” 14 Archbishop Bourchier and a vast assembly 
 of people were collected at this festival: for the canonization of an English 
 saint, at that time, was a matter of curiosity and wonder. “ Innumerable 
 miracles,” according to the writer of £ Britannia Sancta,’ “ were wrought 
 at his tomb, not only in the cure of all diseases, but even in raising the dead 
 to life.” 
 
 Roger, the third bishop of Sarum, succeeded Osmund. According to 
 Godwin, Le Neve, and others, he was elected April 13, A. D. 1102 ; 15 con¬ 
 secrated in the cathedral of Canterbury, by Archbishop Anselme, August 
 10, 1107; and after governing his diocess for thirty-seven years, died 
 December 11, 1139. The history and adventures of this prelate almost 
 assume the air of romance; and but for the ingenuous and dignified 
 authority of William of Malmsbury, would scarcely be credible. His 
 
 14 The Rev. Mr. Bowie, in Archaeologia, Vol. ix. p. 40. 
 
 15 Matthew of Westminster intimates that this was the first election of any bishop in England, 
 after the Norman conquest; but William of Malmsbury asserts that he was appointed by the king. 
 Authors differ in their accounts of the day of his consecration and that of his death. 
 
BISHOP ROGER.- 1102 TO 1139. 
 
 11 
 
 authority however is strong; for he was contemporary with the bishop, 
 knew him personally, and narrates events at once with becoming caution and 
 spirit. This monkish historian does not commence his account of him till 
 after Roger was settled in England; but it is related, by other writers, that 
 anterior to that event, he was a priest in a church near Caen, in Normandy; 
 and that he there ingratiated himself into the good opinion of Prince Henry, 
 brother of King William Rufus, by performing the church service in a rapid 
 manner. This appears to have pleased Henry and his military comrades; 
 wdio said “ no man was so fit for chaplain to men of their profession,” and 
 therefore invited the priest to follow their camp. 16 Here he had oppor¬ 
 tunities of studying the disposition and habits of his patron ; and either by 
 his own cunning, or the prince’s candour, obtained his full confidence and 
 friendship. Before Henry’s accession to the throne, “ he had made him 
 regulator cf his household ; and on becoming king, having had proof of his 
 abilities, appointed him first chancellor, and then a bishop. The able dis¬ 
 charge of his episcopal functions led to an hope that he might be deserving 
 of an higher office : he therefore committed to his care the administration 
 of the whole kingdom, whether he might himself be resident in England or 
 absent in Normandy. The bishop refused to embroil himself in cares of 
 such magnitude, until the three Archbishops of Canterbury, Anselme, 
 Ralph, William, 17 and lastly the Pope, enjoined him the duty of obedience. 
 Henry was extremely eager to effect this, aware that Roger would faithfully 
 perform every thing for his advantage : nor did he deceive the royal expec¬ 
 tation, but conducted himself with so much integrity and diligence that not 
 a spark of envy was excited against him. Moreover the king was fre¬ 
 quently detained in Normandy, sometimes for three, sometimes four years, 
 and sometimes for a longer period; and on his return to his kingdom 
 he gave credit to the chancellor’s discretion for finding little or nothing to 
 
 16 Vide Gul. Neubrigensis, I. 6. 
 
 17 It is not easy to account for the circumstance of obtaining the sanction of three arch¬ 
 bishops, as if they were contemporaneous. Ralph presided eight years and a half. See Dart’s 
 Canterbury, &c. 
 
 c 2 
 
12 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 distress him. Amid all these affairs he did not neglect his ecclesiastical 
 duties, but daily and diligently transacted them in the morning, that he might 
 be more ready and undisturbed for other business. He was a prelate of a 
 great mind, and spared no expense towards completing his designs, espe¬ 
 cially in buildings; which may be seen in other places, but more particularly 
 at Salisbury and at Malmsbury: 18 for there he erected extensive edifices, 
 and at vast cost, and with surpassing beauty : the courses of stone being 
 so correctly laid, that the joint deceives the eye, and leads it to imagine 
 that the whole wall is composed of a single block. He built anew the 
 church of Salisbury, and beautified it in such a manner that it yields to 
 none in England, but surpasses many ; so that he had just cause to say, 
 
 ‘ Lord, I have loved the glory of thy house.’—Roger, who wished to 
 manifest his magnificence by building, had erected extensive castles at 
 Shireburn and more especially at Devizes: at Malmsbury, even in the 
 churcli-yard, and scarcely a stone's throw from the principal church, he had 
 begun a castle. 19 He had gotten into his possession the castle of Salisbury, 
 which being royal property, he had obtained from King Henry, and sur¬ 
 rounded with a wall.” Such is the account by William of Malmsbury, as 
 rendered in a new and admirable translation of his “ History of the Kings 
 of England,” by the Rev. John Sharpe, R. A. In order to show the power 
 and eminence of our bishop, it will be necessary to adduce a few particulars 
 from other writers. One of these relates, that the monarch declared the 
 bishop “ would sooner be tired of asking than he of bestowing.” This 
 assertion seems likely to have been made; as the once poor Norman 
 curate progressively and rapidly advanced in preferments, honours, wealth, 
 and power. Like many other fortunate individuals he not only aggrandized 
 himself, but promoted his family and relatives to lucrative stations. Roger, 
 
 18 Plan, views, and details of the Architecture of Malmsbury Abbey Church, with a history 
 and description, are published in the first volume of “ the Architectural Antiquities of Great 
 Britain.” 
 
 19 The castles of Sarum, Devizes, and Malmsbury are entirely swept away, and not an architec¬ 
 tural fragment remains to mark their styles; but part of that at Shireburn has been preserved. 
 
BISHOP ROGER: 1102 TO 1139. 
 
 13 
 
 by some called his nephew and by others his son, surnamed Paupere-censu, 
 he appointed Chancellor of England ; and two of his Norman nephews were 
 advanced, by his influence, to the sees of Lincoln and of Ely : Alexander to 
 the former, and Nigellus, who was also the king’s treasurer, to the latter. 
 Following the example of their uncle, they constructed and augmented large 
 and strong castles at Ely, Aldrey, Lincoln, Newark, &c. 20 These warlike 
 appearances and acts proved their ultimate ruin : for although they had 
 sworn allegiance to Matilda, or Maud, daughter to King Henry I., yet no 
 sooner was he dead than they all assisted Stephen, and espoused his views. 
 To their influence indeed, aided by the Bishop of Winchester, he was 
 wholly indebted for his advancement to the throne : where being securely 
 seated he ungratefully lent his power to persecute and sacrifice the three 
 bishops. Envious of their pomp and riches, the nobles had often persuaded 
 the king to deprive them of their strong castles, and otherwise abridge their 
 influence : the monarch deemed this an hazardous experiment; although it 
 is evident he was inimical to them : for a great assembly of the nobles being 
 summoned to meet at Oxford, Roger and his nephews were commanded to 
 attend. The old bishop pleaded age and infirmity, and intreated the king 
 to dispense with his presence. This was steadily refused, under the sophis¬ 
 tical pretext that his experienced counsel and advice were necessary and 
 superior to all other considerations. “ The Bishop of Salisbury,” observes 
 
 20 Godwin and some other authors assert, that not less than eleven hundred and seven Castles 
 were erected in the early part of Stephen’s reign. Such was the deplorable and miserable state of the 
 country and of society, that the strong were perpetually preying on the weak ; might was paramount 
 to right; and strength and stratagem were in continual exercise. Although the monasteries and 
 religious societies were expressly instituted for peaceable and virtuous purposes, and their chief 
 officers were generally the only literary and moral part of the community, yet some of these assumed 
 the military garb and manners. “ The bishops,” says a contemporary writer, “ the bishops them¬ 
 selves, I blush to say it,—yet not all but many, bound in iron, and completely furnished with arms, 
 were accustomed to mount warlike horses with the perverters of their country, to participate 
 in their prey; to expose to bonds and torture the knights whom they took in the chance of war, 
 or whom they met full of money: and while they themselves were the head and cause of 
 so much wickedness and enormity, they ascribed it to their knights.” Gesta Stephani ap. Duchesne, 
 p. 962. 
 
14 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 William of Malmsbury, “ set out on this expedition with great reluctance : 
 for I have heard him speaking to the following purport: ‘ By my Lady St. 
 Mary, I know not why, but my heart revolts at this journey; this I am 
 sure of, that I shall be of much the same service at court as a foal is in a 
 battle thus did his mind forebode future evils. Here, as though fortune 
 would seem subservient to the king’s wishes, a quarrel arose between the 
 servants of the bishops and those of Alan, Earl of Brittany, about a right 
 to quarters, which had a melancholy termination; as the Bishop of Salis¬ 
 bury’s retainers then sitting at table, left their meal unfinished and 
 rushed to the contest. At first they contended with reproaches, afterwards 
 with swords : the domestics of Alan were put to flight, and his nephew 
 nearly killed ; nor was the victory gained without bloodshed on the bishops’ 
 side; for many were wounded, and one knight 21 even slain. The king, 
 eagerly seizing the opportunity, ordered the bishops to be convened by his 
 old instigators, that they might make satisfaction to his court, as their 
 people had infringed his peace; that this satisfaction should be the delivery 
 of the keys of their castles as pledges of their fidelity.’’ 22 Refusing to do 
 this, Roger, the chancellor, and the nephew, or as remarked by Malmsbury, 
 u more than the nephew (i. e. his son) according to report,” were arrested 
 and put into close confinement. Nigell had escaped to and taken possession 
 of the castle at Devizes, where he prepared to resist a siege. Instead of 
 making a hostile attack on this fortress, the king conveyed the old bishop 
 and his son as prisoners before the castle, and there threatened to hang 
 the latter, if Ely did not immediately surrender. The bishop appears to 
 have defied the threat; for old Roger wishing to save the life of his son, 
 and propitiate the monarch, endeavoured to prevail on Nigell to yield to 
 the king, and threatened to abstain from food till he complied. Regardless 
 
 21 “ The term miles is very ambiguous; sometimes it is a knight, sometimes a trooper, 
 sometimes a soldier generally. In later times it signified almost always a knight; but in 
 Malmsbury it seems mostly a horseman, probably of the higher order.” Sharpe, Will. Mai. 
 p. 570. 
 
 22 William of Malmsbury, by Sharpe, p. 570. 
 
bishop Roger’s death. 
 
 15 
 
 of the old man’s sufferings, the nephew “ suffered his uncle to fast three 
 whole days before he would give over.” 23 The bishops were then subdued, 
 dispossessed of their castles, degraded, and most of their treasures seized. 
 These proceedings of the monarch and his nobles, however, roused the 
 indignation and opposition of the ecclesiastics ; and even the king’s brother, 
 who was Bishop of Winchester and the pope’s legate, was more strenuous 
 than all the others in espousing the cause of the church against that of the 
 state. He called a council at Winchester, which was attended by nearly 
 all the English bishops, and by Theobald, Archbishop of Canterbury: the 
 king and many of his nobles were also present to vindicate their own 
 cause ; and a solemn charge and defence ensued. The legate pronounced 
 it highly criminal, and an “ act only of heathen nations, to imprison bishops 
 and divest them of their possessions when Alberic de Vere, in behalf of 
 the king, contended that Bishop Roger had greatly injured King Stephen ; 
 that he frequently excited tumults at court; attacked the monarch’s attend¬ 
 ants; secretly favoured the king’s enemies ; that he was made a captive, 
 not as bishop but as the king’s servant; that the bishop’s castles were not 
 taken by violence, but were voluntarily surrendered; that the trifling sums 
 of money found in the castles lawfully belonged to the king: and lastly, 
 that the bishop had readily relinquished this money, as well as the castles, 
 from consciousness of his offences. Such was the political sophistry of a 
 monarch’s ministers and minions, even in those times : but arguments in a 
 bad cause were ineffectual, and in the spirit of timid tyranny, they first 
 employed delusion to gain time, and afterwards intimations of vengeance to 
 effect their purpose. This circumstance is finely developed by William of 
 Malmsbury, who also gives the following admirable summary of Roger’s 
 character. “ On the third of the ides of December,” he observes, “ Roger, 
 Bishop of Salisbury, by the kindness of death, escaped the quartan ague 
 which had long afflicted him. They assert that his sickness was brought 
 on him through grief, at the severe and repeated injuries he had expe- 
 
 23 Godwin, Catalogue of Bishops; wherein it is also stated that the Bishop of Salisbury was 
 confined in an “ Oxe-stal,” at Devizes, and his nephew in “ a filthy blacke roome more loathsome 
 than the other.” 
 
16 
 
 SALISBURY" CATHEDRAL. 
 
 rienced from King Stephen. To me it appears that God exhibited him to 
 the wealthy as an example ot the mutability of fortune, in order that they 
 should not trust in uncertain riches. With unrivalled magnificence in their 
 construction, as our times may recollect, he erected splendid mansions on 
 all his estates ; in merely maintaining which the labours of his successors 
 shall toil in vain. His cathedral he dignified to the utmost with match¬ 
 less ornaments and buildings, on which no expense was spared : he 
 attempted to turn abbeys into bishoprics, and bishoprics into abbeys. The 
 most ancient monasteries of Malmsbury and Abbotsbury he annexed, as 
 far as he was able, to his see. But fortune, who in former times had flat¬ 
 tered him so long and so transcendently, at last cruelly pierced him with 
 scorpion sting : such was that instance when he saw those whom he dearly 
 regarded, wounded, and his most favoured knight killed before his face ; 
 the next day himself and his nephews, two powerful bishops, the one 
 compelled to fly, the other detained, and the third, a young man to whom 
 he was greatly attached, bound in chains : on the surrender of his castles, 
 his treasures pillaged, and himself, afterwards, in the council, loaded with 
 the most disgraceful reproaches : finally, as he was nearly breathing his 
 latest sigh at Salisbury, the residue of his money and utensils, which he 
 had placed upon the altar for the purpose of completing the church, was 
 carried oft’ against his will. The height of his calamity was, I think, a 
 circumstance which even I cannot help commiserating : that though he 
 appeared wretched to many, yet there were very few who pitied him; so 
 much envy and hatred had his excessive power drawn on him, and unde¬ 
 servedly too, from some of those very persons whom he had advanced to 
 honour. ” 24 
 
 Joe eline de Bailul, a native of Lombardy, the fourth bishop of Sarum. 
 was advanced to this see, A. D. 1142, i. e. nearly three years after the 
 death of Roger. Stephen, in the plenitude of assumed despotism, endea¬ 
 voured to place his own chancellor, Philip de Harecourt, in the vacant seat; 
 but the canons of Sarum, and even his own brother, the legate, refused to 
 
 24 Sharpe’s Will. Malm. p. 580. 
 
BISHOPS WALTER AND POORE: 1188 TO 1217 . 
 
 17 
 
 elect and receive him. To punish these ecclesiastics, he therefore with¬ 
 held his nomination of any other bishop for a long time, and seized the reve¬ 
 nues of the church. The civil warfare between Stephen and Matilda now 
 engrossed the whole attention of the usurping monarch, but after Joceline’s 
 election the king reinstated the affairs of the church. Joceline’s prelacy was 
 remarkable for the severe and intemperate struggle that took place between 
 the ecclesiastical and secular powers, or between the crown and the mitre ; 25 
 in the course of which our bishop was an active partizan. He was twice 
 excommunicated, in 1166 and in 1170, by Archbishop Becket, and accord¬ 
 ing to Godwin, also “ endured much trouble about him.” In this age the 
 word parson was first used for one in holy orders, signifying a clergyman of 
 note or eminence. After presiding over this see forty-one years, Joceline re¬ 
 tired to a monastery, and died, November 18, 1184 ; when the episcopal chair 
 remained vacant almost five years, and the king employed commissioners to 
 collect the revenues. 
 
 Hubert Walter, the fifth bishop, was elected at Pipewell, September 
 15, 1188, and consecrated, according to Le Neve, at Westminster, October 
 22, following. In the year 1190 he accompanied King Richard the First on 
 his celebrated expedition to the Holy Land; and soon after his return to 
 England, was elected to the archiepiscopal see of Canterbury, in 1193. 
 
 Herbert Pauper, or Poore, was therefore elected to succeed him, as 
 sixth bishop of Sarum, and was consecrated on the 5th of June, 1194, in 
 St. Catharine’s chapel, Westminster, and was solemnly enthroned at Salis¬ 
 bury on the 12th of the same month. After governing twenty-three years, 
 he died on the 6th of February, 1217, and was interred in the church at 
 Wilton. Repeated quarrels and mutual recrimination between the members 
 
 25 An interesting, dispassionate, and impartial review of the character of Archbishop Becket, 
 and of his obstinate contention with the monarch, may be seen in Turner’s “ History of England,” 
 &c. Vol. 1. 4to. 1814. See also Milner’s Hist. &c. of Winchester, vol. i. 
 
 The articles or Constitutions of Clarendon, which w r ere so repugnant to Becket, but ultimately 
 of so great importance to the civil government of the kingdom, are published by Sir Henry 
 Spelman, and given in English by Johnson in his “ Collection of Ecclesiastical Laws,” &c. 2 vols. 
 8vo. 1720. 
 
 D 
 
18 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 of the cathedral and the soldiers of the castle, during the prelacy of this 
 bishop, induced him to apply to King Richard for royal authority to remove 
 the cathedral to a place remote and free from the castellans. 26 This appears 
 to have been granted ; but the bishop was unable to carry his plan into 
 effect. An alteration of such magnitude was not easily and quickly to be 
 produced; but the “ affair was so far advanced by the diligence of the 
 bishop, who was a man of great sagacity, and had large temporal posses¬ 
 sions, that a plot of ground was fixed upon, as more commodious for the 
 situation of the church, and proper for assigning to each of the canons a fit 
 space for building him a mansion-house.” By the following bishop this 
 removal and new establishment were accomplished : and under the prelacy of 
 Richard Poore, we commence our account of the present cathedral and see of 
 Salisbury. 
 
 -6 William Harrison thus quaintly describes the situation of the clergy at Sarum: “ In the 
 time of civill warres, the souldiers of the castill and chanons of Old Sarum fell at ods, insomuch 
 that after often bralles they fell at last to sad blowes. It happened therefore, in a rogation 
 weeke, that the clergie going in solemne procession, a controversie felle betweene them about 
 certaine walkes and limits, which the one side claimed and the other denied. Such also was the 
 hot intertainment on ech part that at the last the castillanes, espieng their time, gate betweene 
 the cleargie and the towne, and so coiled them as they returned homeward, that they feared anie 
 more to gang about their bounds for the yeare.” Holinshed’s Chronicles of England, &c. 4to, ed. 
 1807, vol. i. p. 98. 
 
19 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 ECCLESIASTICAL FOUNDATION AND COMMENCEMENT OF THE NEW CA¬ 
 THEDRAL AT SALISBURY: WITH ACCOUNTS OF THE AFFAIRS OF THE 
 CHURCH, AND OF TWELVE BISHOPS, WHO SUCCESSIVELY OCCUPIED THE 
 EPISCOPAL CHAIR DURING THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY, AND UNDER 
 THE REIGNS OF KING HENRY III. AND EDWARD I. 
 
 Richard Poore (1), brother of the former bishop, was translated from the 
 see of Chichester, where he had governed two years, to that of Salisbury 
 in 1217. He had presided as dean of this cathedral for eighteen years, and 
 was thereby intimately acquainted with all the public and private affairs of 
 the diocess. His first care and solicitude was to remove the cathedral and 
 its officers from the fortress, and thus release them from military domination. 
 Special messengers were sent to Rome to urge the necessity of translating 
 the church to a more eligible and independent place ; and these messengers 
 were provided with letters from Gualo, the pope’s legate in England, in 
 support of the application. A grant or bull was soon obtained from his 
 holiness, and a convocation of the bishop and canons was held to concert 
 and carry into effect the necessary measures. 1 A spot was fixed on for 
 
 1 In the following translation of the Pope’s Bull, are specified the causes of the removal. 
 “ Honorius, bishop, servant to the servants of God ; To our reverend brother, Richard, bishop, 
 and to our beloved sons the dean and chapter of Sarum, health and apostolical benediction. 
 My sons, the dean and chapter, it having been heretofore alleged before us on your behalf, that 
 forasmuch as your church is built within the compass of the fortification of Sarum, it is subject 
 to so many inconveniences and oppressions that you cannot reside in the same without great 
 corporeal peril; for being situated on a lofty place, it is, as it were, continually shaken by the 
 
 D 2 
 
20 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 the site of the new cathedral, application was made to the king for a charter, 
 and each of the canons and vicars bound himself to pay one-fourth part of 
 his income for seven years, successively, towards defraying the expenses of 
 erecting the new cathedral. An obligation or contract was regularly drawn 
 up, and signed and sealed for this purpose “ on the day of St. Processus 
 and Martinianus,” 1218. A plot of ground, called Mernfield, was fixed on 
 for the site of the new church, and a wooden chapel, for temporary pur¬ 
 poses, was immediately raised and consecrated by the bishop. On the feast 
 of the Trinity, 1219, an adjoining cemetery was consecrated, and active exer¬ 
 tions were made for proceeding with the new cathedral : preachers were 
 
 collision of the winds; so that whilst you are celebrating the divine offices, you cannot hear one 
 another, the place itself is so noisy: and besides, the persons resident there suffer such perpetual 
 oppressions, that they are hardly able to keep in repair the roof of the church, which is constantly 
 torn by tempestuous winds : they are also forced to buy water at as great a price as would be 
 sufficient to purchase the common drink of the country : nor is there any access open to the 
 same without the license of the castellan. So that it happens that on Ash-Wednesday, when the 
 Lord’s Supper is administered, at the time of synods and celebration of orders, and on other 
 solemn days, the faithful being willing to visit the said church, entrance is denied them by the 
 keepers of the castle, alleging that thereby the fortress is in danger: besides, you have not 
 there houses sufficient for you, whereby you are forced to rent several houses of the laity; and 
 that on account of these and other inconveniences many absent themselves from the service of 
 the said church. We therefore, willing to provide for this exigency, did give our mandate to our 
 beloved son, Gualo, priest, cardinal of St. Martin, legate of the apostolical see, by our letters, 
 diligently and carefully to inquire into the truth of and concerning the premises, and other 
 matters relating thereto, by himself or others, as he should see expedient, and faithfully to 
 intimate unto us what he should find. And whereas he hath transmitted unto us, closely sealed 
 up under his seal, depositions of the witnesses hereupon admitted, we have caused the same to 
 be diligently inspected by our chaplain, who hath found the matters that were laid before us 
 concerning the inconveniences before mentioned to be sufficiently proved ; therefore the truth 
 by his faithful report being more evident, we do by the authority of these presents, grant unto 
 you free power to translate the said church to another more convenient place, but saving to 
 every person, as well secular as ecclesiastical, his right, and the privileges, dignities, and all the 
 liberties of the said church, to remain in their state and force. And it shall not be lawful 
 lor any one, in any sort, to infringe the tenor of this our Grant, or to presume rashly to oppose 
 the same ; and if any one shall presume to attempt it, be it known to him that he will incur the 
 indignation of the Almighty God, and of the blessed saints, Peter and Paul his apostles. — Dated 
 at the Lateran, the fourth of the calends of April, in the second year of our pontificate.” Account 
 of Old Sarum, p. 4; and Antiquitates Sarisburienses, p. 69. 
 
FOUNDATION OF THE CATHEDRAL: 1220 . 
 
 21 
 
 employed to visit different places and collect money from the religious part 
 of the community: indulgences and pardons were promised to all who 
 contributed by gifts or by labour towards the great and pious work. At a 
 chapter of all the officers, it was “ decreed that the heirs of the first builders 
 only, as well canons as vicars, should receive two parts of the just value of 
 what should be actually built, the third part being yielded for the land ; 
 the appointment and collation of the houses, after the first sale of the 
 vacant houses, to be left to the bishop; but the family of the deceased 
 persons, to whom the said two parts were assigned by the deceased, were 
 to remain in possession of the houses until satisfaction was made of the 
 aforesaid price, according to the last will of the deceased; and they also 
 decreed that such as should not pay the portion assigned to the said fabric, 
 within eight days from the term fixed, and should not obtain leave of delay, 
 were to take notice that they were suspended from entrance into the church.” 2 
 Thus prepared, it was now resolved to lay the foundation of the cathedral 
 church, and it was an object of episcopal policy and pride to render this 
 ceremony at once grand, popular, and important. The young monarch 
 and the Archbishop of Canterbury, with the chief of the nobility and 
 church dignitaries of the kingdom, were invited to attend ; and although the 
 former are said to have been engaged at Shrewsbury, yet a vast concourse 
 of persons was present. On the 28th of April, or 4th calends of May, 
 1220, the foundation was laid; but the person who performed this ceremony, 
 and the particulars relating to it, are not satisfactorily identified and 
 explained. According to William de Wanda, 3 the bishop, after performing 
 
 2 Account of Old Sarum, &c. p. 5. 
 
 3 This person was collated precentor of the cathedral in 1218, and was advanced to the deanery 
 in 1220; which office he continued to occupy till 1238. 
 
 It is not easy to reconcile the account of William de Wanda with other authorities. Godwin 
 asserts that “ Pandulph, the pope’s legate, laid the five first stones; the first for the pope, 
 the second for the king, the third for the Earl of Salisbury, the fourth for the countess, and the 
 fifth for the bishop.”—Catalogue of Bishops, p. 344. In the first charter of privileges, &c. 
 granted to the new church of “ Saresberiae” by King Henry III. in the eleventh year of his 
 reign, it is stated that he laid the first stone. On examining several histories of England, I do 
 
22 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 divine service, took off his shoes, and went in procession with the clergy, 
 singing the litany, to the place of foundation. Here, after the ceremony of 
 consecrating the ground, and making an address or sermon to the people, 
 he laid the first stone for Pope Honorius, the second for the Archbishop of 
 Canterbury, and the third for himself. “ William Longspee, Earl of Sarum, 
 who was then present, laid the fourth stone ; and Ela de Vitri, Countess of 
 Sarum, and wife of the said earl, laid the fifth : after her, certain noblemen 
 added each of them a stone; then the dean, the chanter, the chancellor, 
 the treasurer, and the archdeacons and canons of the church of Sarum, 
 who were present, did the same, amidst the acclamations of multitudes of 
 the people, weeping for joy, and contributing thereto their alms with a 
 ready mind, according to the ability which God had given them. But in 
 process of time the nobility returning from Wales, several of them coming 
 hither, laid a stone, binding themselves to some special contribution for 
 the whole seven years following.” 4 A chapter was summoned on the 15th 
 of August, 1220, when it was decreed that if any canon neglected to pay 
 his regular stipend towards the building of the church, fifteen days after 
 the time specified by his agreement, he was liable to have the corn on his 
 prebend seized and sold to raise the stipulated sum. Other measures were 
 then adopted to expedite the new works; and these were so far advanced 
 in the course of five years, that the bishop commanded the dean, de Wanda, 
 who had recently been elected, to cite all the canons on Michaelmas-day, 
 1225, to be present at the first celebration of divine service: but previous 
 to these events, i. e. on the vigil of St. Michael, the bishop consecrated 
 three altars: one, in the east, to the Trinity and All Saints, “ on which 
 thenceforward the mass of the blessed Virgin was to be sung every day. 
 
 not find any notice of the king's visit to Shrewsbury or to Wales in 1220: but he was at the 
 former town in 1221, and then entered into a treaty with Llewellyn. At Whitsuntide in that year 
 he laid the first stone of St. Mary’s Chapel, Westminster; and on the 17th of May, in the same 
 year, he was crowned for a second time, at Westminster, being then only in the thirteenth 
 year of his age. See Carte’s, Rapin’s, Holinshed’s, Hume’s, Henry’s, and Rennet’s Histories of 
 England, &c. 
 
 4 Account of Old Sarum, &c. p. 5. 
 
DEDICATION OF ALTARS: 1225 . 
 
 23 
 
 He offered for the service of the said altar, and for the daily service of the 
 blessed Virgin, two silver basins of the weight of * ### , and two silver 
 candlesticks of the weight of * ### , which were bequeathed by the will of 
 the noble lady, Gundria de Warren, 5 to the church of Sarum. Moreover, 
 he gave, from his own property, to the clerks who were to officiate at that 
 mass, thirty marks of silver, yearly, until he had settled as much in certain 
 rents ; and ten marks, yearly, to maintain lamps round the altar. He then 
 dedicated another altar, in the north part of the church, in honour of Saint 
 Peter, the prince of the apostles; and a third, in the south part, in honour 
 of Saint Stephen, the proto-martyr, and the rest of the martyrs. On this 
 occasion were present, Henry, Archbishop of Dublin, and Stephen, Lord 
 Archbishop of Canterbury. After some hours spent in prayer in the new 
 church, they went down, with many nobles, to the house of the bishop, 
 who generously entertained the numerous company during the whole week. 
 On the day of Saint Michael following, the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury 
 preached a sermon to the people, who came in great numbers. Afterwards 
 he went into the new church, and solemnly celebrated divine service. The 
 said festival was thus happily conducted, from the beginning to the end, 
 without the least interruption or disturbance. The persons who were 
 present, besides the knights and barons, were—S. Archbishop of Canter¬ 
 bury— Henry, Archbishop of Dublin—Richard, Bishop of Durham— 
 Joceline, Bishop of Bath—Ralph de Nevil, Bishop of Chichester — Benedict, 
 Bishop of Rochester—The Bishop of Evreux, in Normandy, who was before 
 Abbot of Bee—Richard, Bishop of Sarum. Among these was Otto, the pope's 
 nuncio, who was come to intercede for one Falcarius, then in rebellion, 
 having defended, against the king, his castle of Bedford. The nuncio was to 
 have audience at Clarendon on Michaelmas-day.” 6 
 
 5 Dr. Ledwich conjectures that this lady was fifth daughter of William the Conqueror, and married 
 William de Warrenna, a Norman nobleman, whom William Rufus made Earl of Surrey. She died 
 May 27, 1085; whence her bequest must have been for the church of Old Sarum. Antiquitates 
 Sarisburienses, p. 76. 
 
 6 William de Wanda, from Dodsworth’s “ Historical Account,” &c. of Salisbury Cathedral 
 Church. 
 
24 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 On the day following the festival of opening the new church, a special 
 chapter was summoned to meet in the chapter-house, 7 to deliberate on, 
 and settle the affairs of the church. According to the dean’s account 
 thirty-six canons then assembled. 8 He then proceeds : “ On the Thursday 
 following, our lord the king, and Hubert de Burgh, his justiciary, came to 
 the church. The king heard the mass of the glorious Virgin, and offered 
 ten marks of silver and one piece of silk. He granted also to the church 
 the privilege of a yearly fair, from the vigil to the octave of the assumption 
 inclusive; namely, eight days complete. The same day the justiciary 
 made a vow that he would give a gold text, 9 with precious stones, and 
 the relics of divers saints, in honour of the blessed Virgin, for the service 
 of the new church. Afterwards the king went down, with many noblemen 
 and knights, to the bishop’s house, where they were entertained. The 
 Friday following came Luke, Dean of St. Martin’s, London, and Thomas 
 de Kent, clerks of the justiciary, who brought the aforesaid text, and 
 offered it on the altar of the new fabric, in behalf of Hubert de Burgh. 
 By the advice of the bishop and the canons present, it was ordered to be 
 delivered to the treasurer to be kept; and the Dean of Sarum was to be 
 intrusted with one of the keys. The Sunday following the bishop obtained 
 
 7 This was probably a temporary edifice ; for the present chapter-house, as well as the cloister, 
 are certainly of subsequent erection. 
 
 8 The names and offices of some of these are preserved by Wanda, and serve to show 
 the number of canons then attached to the church—“ The Lord Bishop, who is also a 
 canon—W. the Dean — G. the Chanter—Robert, the Chancellor—Edmund, the Treasurer— 
 Humphry, Archdeacon of Wilts—William, Archdeacon of Berks — Hubert, Archdeacon of 
 Dorset—Martin de Patteshull — Luke, Dean of St. Martin’s, London —Hugh de Wells, Arch¬ 
 deacon of Bath—Gilbert de Lacy —Mr. Henry Teissun—Mr. Henry de Bishopston—Mr. Luke 
 de Winton—Mr. Martin de Summa—Mr. Richard de Brembla—Mr. Thomas de Ebelesburn— 
 Mr. Henry de St. Edmund — Mr. Geoffry of Devon — Mr. Roger de Worthe—Hugh de Temple 
 —-William de Leu —Robert Coteral—Peter Picot—Elias Ridal—The Abbot of Sherborne— 
 Anastasius, the Subchanter—Mr. R. de Bingham—Mr. Roger de Sarum — Daniel de Longchamp 
 —Elias de Deram—Richard de Maupoder—Bartholomew de Remes—Valentinus—Stephen de 
 Tyssebury.” 
 
 9 A text was a copy of the Old and New Testaments for the service of the altar. 
 
BISHOP RICHARD POORE : 1217 TO 1229 . 
 
 25 
 
 leave that the new altar and chapel should remain in his custody for the 
 whole seven years following; and that the oblations made there should be 
 appropriated to the use of the fabric, except such as were given by the 
 faithful for the perpetual ornament and honour of the church. He promised 
 to execute a deed, stipulating that, after the expiration of the seven years, 
 all things should return into the custody of the treasurer ; and the oblations 
 of all the altars be applied to the common use, according to the ancient 
 custom of the church of Sarum ; and also, that those things which should 
 have been offered to adorn the church, should then be delivered up. All 
 which the bishop now committed to the custody of Elias de Deram, in 
 
 whom he reposed the greatest confidence. On the day of the Holy Inno¬ 
 
 cents, the king and his justiciary came to Sarum. The king offered one 
 gold ring, with a precious stone, called a ruby, one piece of silk, and one 
 
 gold cup, of the weight of ten marks. When mass was concluded, he 
 
 told the dean that he would have the stone which he had offered, and the 
 gold of the ring, applied to adorn the text which the justiciary had given : 
 but as to the cup he gave no particular directions. The justiciary caused 
 the text, which he had before given, to be brought, and offered it with great 
 devotion on the altar. They then all repaired to the bishop’s house, where 
 they were honourably entertained. On Saturday next after the Epiphany, 
 the fourth of the ides of January, William Longspee, Earl of Sarum, after 
 encountering many dangers by sea and land, returned from Gascoigne, 
 where he had resided almost a year, with Richard, the king’s brother, for 
 the defence of the city of Bourdeaux. The said earl came that day, after 
 nine o’clock, to Sarum, where he was received with great joy, and with a 
 procession from the new fabric. On the morrow he went to the king, who 
 was sick at Marlborough. Eight weeks after that day on which he had 
 been received in procession, on Saturday the nones of March, this noble 
 earl died in the castle of Sarum, and was brought to New Sarum, with 
 many tears and great lamentation. The same hour of the day on which 
 he had been received with great joy, being the eighth of the ides of March, 
 he was honourably interred in the new church of the blessed Virgin. At 
 his funeral were present, the bishops of Sarum, Winchester, and some 
 
 E 
 
26 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 bishops of Ireland ; Earl William Marshall, and Earl William de Mande- 
 ville; and these barons, Robert de Vieuxpont, Hugh de Gurnay, and Ralph 
 de Toani, with a great multitude of their military attendants. In the year 
 1226, on the feast of Trinity, which then was the 18th of the calends of 
 July, the bodies of three bishops were translated from the castle of Sarum 
 to the new fabric ; namely, the body of the blessed Osmund, the body of 
 Bishop Roger, and the body of Bishop Joceline.” 
 
 Such is the account given by the cotemporary dean ; and which I have 
 been induced to repeat in this place, as authenticating the origin, progress, 
 and ceremonies of foundation attending the early history of the present 
 church. It furnishes a slight picture of the times, and we regret that it is 
 not more circumstantial and particular. It plainly shows that the bishop’s 
 palace and other buildings were erected at Salisbury during the construc¬ 
 tion of the cathedral; and from this document we also learn that the church 
 was raised with amazing rapidity. The bishop having finished this great 
 work, obtained a charter from the king, Henry III. confirming to the new 
 church all the liberties and privileges which had belonged to the old cathe¬ 
 dral, and granting some new immunities. This charter specifies that “ New 
 Salisbury ” shall be for ever a free city, enclosed with ditches, or trenches, 
 that the citizens shall be quit throughout the land of toll, pontage, passage, 
 pedage, lastage, stallage, carriage, and all other customs; and thus be 
 placed on an equality with the citizens of Winchester ; which city appears 
 to have been invested with peculiar privileges. The bishop and his suc¬ 
 cessors were further authorized, by this document, to enclose “ the city ” 
 (probably the close, or precincts of the cathedral) “ with competent 
 trenches, for fear of robbers ; 10 and to hold the same for ever as their 
 
 10 From this it is evident that some of the Anglo-Norman cities and towns were fortified, as 
 well to resist depredators as to repel an organized force. One of Archbishop Langton’s con¬ 
 stitutions, A. D. 1222, passes a sentence of excommunication on “ all thieves, robbers, free¬ 
 booters, incendiaries, sacrilegious and falsarious persons; with their principals, receivers, 
 defenders, complices, and partakers ; those especially who keep robbers on their lands, in their 
 castles, or houses, or are sharers with them, or lords over them.” Johnson’s Ecclesiastical 
 Laws, &c. A. D. MCCXXII1. 
 
BISHOP BINGHAM: ] 229 TO 1246 . 
 
 27 
 
 proper domain, saving to us and our heirs the advowson of the same see, 
 and every other right which in the same, when vacant, we have, and ought 
 to have, in like manner as in other cathedral churches in our kingdom, being 
 vacant.” The citizens were prohibited from selling or mortgaging their 
 burgages or tenements to churches, or to men of religion, without the 
 license of the bishop and his successors. These were empowered to take 
 tallage of the citizens whenever the king exacted the same in his domains. 
 The next provision authorized the bishop to “ change, transfer, and make 
 the ways and bridges ” leading to the city, in such a manner as was deemed 
 most expedient. It also granted the liberties and free customs of a weekly 
 market, and an annual fair for the use and benefit of the prelates. These 
 privileges and immunities being thus guaranteed by royal charter, were 
 calculated to attract all persons connected with and dependent on the 
 cathedral and the new establishments. The bishop having effected thus 
 much, was translated by a papal bull, in 1228, to the rich see of Durham. 
 In addition to his public and popular acts and works, it appears that he 
 caused the ancient charters and other documents, belonging to the see, to 
 be transcribed and arranged : and thus, with the narrative or chronicle of 
 de Wanda, the dean, was commenced an useful and truly important prac¬ 
 tice, which every lover of antiquity must regret has not been continued. 11 
 
 Robert Bingham (2), succeeded Bishop Poore, and was consecrated 
 at Wilton in May, 1229. Having been a canon under his predecessor, he 
 had witnessed the progress of the new works, and diligently and laudably 
 prosecuted the same during his prelacy. But although he presided nearly 
 eighteen years, and had involved the treasury in a debt of one thousand 
 
 11 This prelate drew up and established a set of “ constitutions,” A. D. 1217. See Sir 
 Henry Spelman’s Councils, &c. The place of his death, and that of interment, are subjects 
 of doubt. Leland has preserved an inscription which, at his time, was in the virgin chapel at 
 Salisbury, and which recorded the chief events in the bishop’s life. It stated that the church 
 was nearly forty years in building, as it commenced in 1219, and was finished in 1260 ; that the 
 bishop was a native of Tarraunt in Dorsetshire, where he founded a monastery, and where his 
 heart was deposited; and that his body was interred at Durham. See a subsequent page for an 
 account of his effigy. 
 
 E 2 
 
28 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 seven hundred marks, yet he left the buildings unfinished at his death, 
 which happened November 3, 1246. The church of St. Thomas in Salisbury, 
 and Harnham bridg’e, are said to have been built by this bishop. 
 
 William de York (3), who was highly favoured by King Henry III. 
 was recommended by the monarch, and chosen by the canons, to succeed 
 Bingham. He was provost of Beverly Minster, Yorkshire; and Godwin 
 describes him to have been a courtier from his childhood, “ and better 
 seene in the laws of the realm, which he had chiefly studied, than in the 
 law of God.” Influenced by this feeling he revived the vexatious custom of 
 attending the lords’ courts, and thereby rendered himself highly unpopular 
 with the ecclesiastics. He was consecrated at Wilton by Fulco, Bishop 
 of London, the 2nd ides of July (14), 1247 ; and died March 31, 1256. 12 
 Matthew Paris says, he “ heaped infinite curses on his own head ” by his 
 secular or political conduct. He prosecuted the building of the cathedral, 
 however, and is said to have nearly finished it. The completion was 
 reserved for 
 
 Egidius, or Giles de Bridport (4), who was at Rome when elected, 
 and obtained a faculty from Pope Honorius to hold his deanery of Wells 
 in commendam. In the course of two years he is reported to have com¬ 
 pleted the whole of the church ; and appointed, on September, 30, 1258, a 
 grand festival for the full dedication of the same. This was performed by 
 Boniface, Archbishop of Canterbury, in the presence of a large assembly 
 of prelates, nobles, and the neighbouring families. Hence it appears that 
 the church was built in the space of thirty-eight years ; but we shall have 
 occasion to point out, in the progress of this narration, that the tower and 
 spire, with part of the chapter-house, &c. were constructed at a subsequent 
 time. According to some statements, the expenses of the buildings, up 
 to this epoch, amounted to forty thousand marks, or £26,666. 13s. 4 d. 
 sterling. Bridport founded a college in his city, and dying December 13, 
 1262, was succeeded by 
 
 1? M. Paris says, 2nd cal. of February, 1256. A note in “ De Praesulibus Angliae,” from 
 “ Claus. 40, Henry Ill.” states that he “ vacat. 5 February, 1256.” 
 
BISHOPS FROM 1263 TO 1291 . 
 
 29 
 
 Walter de la Wyle(5), who was canon and sub-dean, and was elected 
 soon after the decease of his predecessor. He was consecrated May 27, 
 1263, and died January 3, 1270. Excepting founding the college of 
 St. Edmund in this city, we do not find that he was distinguished by any 
 public works. He was interred in his own church, at the north end of the 
 principal transept. 
 
 Robert de Wichampton (6), the dean, was advanced to the see by 
 the election of the canons; and that election was confirmed by the king, 
 and by the monks of Canterbury, during the vacancy of that see, in 
 March 6, 1270. Archbishop Kilwardby, after his instalment in the archie- 
 piscopal chair, opposed this act of the monks and monarch, and appealed 
 to the college of cardinals at Rome, the papal chair being then vacant, to 
 oppose and set aside the validity of the proceeding. A long and obstinate 
 contest ensued, but after four years dispute and delay, the archbishop was 
 subdued, and compelled to consecrate our bishop, at the council of Lyons, 
 in 1274 : soon afterwards he became blind, and was necessitated to employ 
 an assistant. Dying in April, 1284, he was buried in the cathedral; and in 
 the course of seven years, five other prelates were advanced to the see. 
 
 Walter Scammel(7), the dean, was consecrated at Sunning, October 
 22, 1284; and after governing two years, died October 25, 1286. According 
 to Dodsworth, “ this prelate gave several manuscripts to the church and 
 library.” 
 
 H enry de Braundston (8), dean, was consecrated at Canterbury on 
 the feast of Trinity, 1287, and died February 12, 1288; when the canons 
 fixed on Lawrence de Hawkburn ; but another party chose, and warmly 
 supported 
 
 William de la Corner (9), a prebendary of Highworth, and member 
 of the king’s council. King Edward I. being then on the continent, 
 Hawkburn proceeded thither; and after obtaining the monarch’s approval, 
 returned to Canterbury for consecration, but was taken ill and died in a 
 few days. Corner was therefore unanimously chosen, and was consecrated 
 at Canterbury, March 16, 1289; but only enjoyed his honours two years, as 
 he died in 1291. 
 
30 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL, 
 
 Nicholas Longspee (10), son of the Earl of Salisbury, and Ela, his 
 countess, was advanced to this see in his old age, and consecrated at Can¬ 
 terbury, March 16, 1291. He had been previously a canon, and treasurer of 
 the cathedral. 13 He died May 18, 1297, and his remains were interred at the 
 entrance of the lady chapel, near the tomb of his father. 
 
 Simon de Gandavo, Ghent, or Gaunt(II), was consecrated at Canter¬ 
 bury, October 20, 1297. According to Godwin, he “was a great divine, and 
 made many good statutes, whereby the church is yet governed.” This prelate 
 likewise empowered the citizens to fortify the city with a wall and a ditch. 
 He died March 31, 1315. 
 
 13 Godwin (Cat. of Bishops, p. 347) relates a strange and absurd story about this bishop and his 
 father, and at the end contradicts his own account by dating the death of the latter many years before 
 the former was advanced to the see. Matthew Paris was the original reporter of the story, and he 
 details it with every appearance of truth. 
 
CHAP. III. 
 
 3t 
 
 ACCOUNT OF THE AFFAIRS OF THE CHURCH, DURING THE FOURTEENTH AND 
 FIFTEENTH CENTURIES; AND THAT OF FOURTEEN SUCCESSIVE BISHOPS. 
 
 Roger de Martival, or Mortival(12), successor to Gaunt, was Dean 
 of Lincoln in 1310, and was consecrated Bishop of Sarum, September 28, 
 1315. He was a native of Nosely in Leicestershire, and was chancellor of 
 Oxford in 1293. 1 Dying, March 14, 1329, he was entombed in his own 
 cathedral: and followed by 
 
 Robert de Wyvile, or Wivil(13), who was elevated to this high office 
 at the intercession of Queen Philippa, consort of Edward the Third. He 
 was of a distinguished family of Livedon, in Northamptonshire, and by the 
 accounts of Walsingham, Godwin, and others, was a man of uncouth and 
 singular person and manners. “ It is hard to say whether he was more 
 dunce or dwarf, more unlearned or unhandsome.” Walsingham remarks, 
 that if the pope had seen him he would not have ordained him. Although 
 without personal or mental qualifications, he occupied the chair more than 
 forty-five years; being consecrated in 1329, and dying in Sherborne castle 
 September 4, 1375. His prelacy was remarkable for a dispute, of an 
 obstinate and singular nature, which subsisted between him and William 
 de Montacute, Earl of Salisbury. Authors are not agreed as to the pre¬ 
 cise object of contention; although it is evident that the bishop demanded 
 
 1 See Nichols’s elaborate History, &c. of Leicestershire, vol. ii. p. 740; where many particulars 
 are recorded respecting the progressive advancement of this bishop. 
 
32 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 restitution and possession of a castle which had belonged to the see; and 
 which the earl, he contended, illegally held. Camden, Gibson, and other 
 writers intimate that the castle of Old Sarum was the disputed subject; 
 but it appears from an inscription on a large brass still preserved in the 
 church, 2 and from other evidence, that the castle of Sherborne was the 
 object of litigation. To recover this fortress, which had been withheld from 
 the see ever since the disgrace of bishop Roger, Wyvil brought a writ 
 of right. After much litigation the matter was referred to trial by single 
 combat, and a time and place were appointed for the contest. The 
 bishop’s champion entered the lists, clothed in white, with the prelate's arms 
 on his surcoat, &c. : and the earl’s champion was accoutred in a similar 
 manner. All was prepared, and the combatants in expectation of a deadly 
 conflict; when an order from the king adjourned the meeting, and averted 
 the impending rencounter. The dispute was compromised between the 
 parties, by the earl’s ceding the castle and the chase of Bere, to the bishop 
 and his successors, on the payment of two thousand five hundred marks by 
 the prelate. An official mandate for the destruction of Old Sarum was 
 obtained from King Edward the Third, about this time. A letter patent 
 was signed by the monarch, at Sherborne, granting to the bishop, and to 
 the dean and chapter, “ all the stone walls of the former cathedral church 
 of Old Sarum, and the houses which lately belonged to the bishop and 
 canons of the said church, within our castle of Old Sarum, to have and to 
 hold, as our gift, for the improvement of the church of New Sarum, and the 
 close thereunto belonging.” 3 Among the alterations then made, it is sup¬ 
 posed that the upper part of the tower and spire were erected. The castle 
 of Sherborne was afterwards possessed by the bishop, where he died 
 September 4, 1375, and was buried in the choir of his own cathedral. 
 The canons immediately elected John de Worrnenshal, a canon of the 
 church, to fill the vacant see, and the king confirmed the choice Novem¬ 
 ber 12, 1375 : but the pope opposed these proceedings, and nominated 
 
 2 This will be noticed in a subsequent page. 
 
 Dodsworth s Historical Account, &c. p. 146, from the Chapter Records. 
 
BISHOPS ERGHUM AND WALTHAM : 1375 TO 1388 . 
 
 33 
 
 Ralph Erghum, Ergum, or Argum (14), whom he also consecrated at 
 Bruges in Flanders, December 9, 1375. Soon after taking possession of 
 his seat, he attempted to establish some innovations in the church, in oppo¬ 
 sition to the dean and chapter, and thus excited much personal animosity, 
 and party litigation. The subject of this dispute was first referred to the 
 king, and afterwards to the pope ; and continued to agitate and distract the 
 officers of the cathedral during the prelacy of Erghum. A stern and rigid 
 Catholic, he obstinately opposed every attempt at reformation and meliora¬ 
 tion in the church, and was one of the council at Oxford, before whom Wiclif 
 was summoned in 1382. Advanced to his elevated station by the pope, 
 he was resolute and persevering in supporting the principles and practice 
 of his holiness, even in opposition to the monarch, to the members of his 
 own church, and to the dictates of wisdom. To change the scene, he was 
 translated to the see of Bath and Wells, September 14, 1388. In the first 
 year of the reign of Richard the Second, bishop Erghum obtained a royal 
 license to crenellate, or fortify his mansions at Salisbury, Bishops-Woodford, 
 Sherborne, Chardstock, Pottern, Cannings, Ramsbury, Sunning, and in Fleet- 
 street, London. 4 
 
 John Waltham, or Waltan (15), master of the rolls, and keeper of the 
 privy seal, was appointed to succeed Erghum, and was consecrated Sep¬ 
 tember 20, 1388. This ceremony was attended by the king, and by many 
 illustrious personages; but though thus honoured at the time of initiation, 
 the bishop did not long remain in peace and security. William, Archbishop 
 of Canterbury, claimed the right of visiting this see in 1390, but being refused 
 by Waltham, he pronounced a sentence of excommunication against the 
 bishop. In a few days the latter was prevailed on to submit to the arch¬ 
 bishop’s visitation, and from that time the archbishops have exercised that 
 privilege. The principles of Wiclif, about this time, were spreading 
 through the country: and according to Ledwich, in his “ Antiquitates 
 Sarisburienses,” the mayor and commonalty of Salisbury were compelled 
 to promise obedience to the decrees of the episcopal court, and to use their 
 
 4 Tanner’s Notitia Monastica; note to the article Salisbury. 
 
 F 
 
34 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 powers in suppressing unlawful meetings at conventicles, &c. This bishop, 
 a short time before his death, obtained the privilege of a fair for each of 
 the following places—Salisbury, Devizes, Marlborough, Ramsbury, and 
 Oakingham, or Wokingham; he also received a grant of free-manor for 
 his possessions, or towns of Lavington, Pottern, and Woodford, in Wiltshire. 5 
 Dying in September, 1395, he was interred near the tomb of Edward the 
 First, in Westminster Abbey church ; and the abbot and convent were enjoined 
 to commemorate his obit. 
 
 Richard Metford (16), called by Stow John de Mitford , was translated 
 from the see of Chichester, to that of Salisbury, October 25, 1395. While 
 canon of Windsor, and prebendary of Charminster and Bere, he was arrested 
 by the opponents of King Richard the Second, and thrown into prison 
 at Bristol. The royal party afterwards prevailing, to the discomfiture of 
 the parliament, called the Wonderful, Metford was released, and rewarded 
 for his loyalty and sufferings, by being presented with the mitre of Chichester. 
 After presiding nearly twelve years over the Sarum diocess, he died at his 
 palace at Pottern, in Wiltshire, May 3, 1407, and was interred in the south 
 transept of his cathedral By his last will he left legacies to the members 
 of different ecclesiastical establishments in the city, who assisted at his 
 funeral ; and he granted also a small annual sum for the reparation of the 
 spire. 6 
 
 Ni cholas Bubwith, or Bubberwith (17), was translated by papal bull, 
 from the episcopal chair of London to that of Salisbury, in July, 1407 ; 
 the spiritualities of which were at that time seized by the archbishop. 
 According to Rymer, 7 the temporalities were restored to Bubwith, August 
 13, 1407. Me made his profession of obedience, by proxy, September 2; 
 and in person on the second of October. 8 Richardson, from the Arundel 
 Register, states that he was translated to the see of Bath and Wells, 
 
 5 Dodsworth’s Historical Account, &c. from the Chapter Records; and Calend. Rot. Chartarum, 
 t. i. p. 192. 
 
 6 Dodsworth, from Chapter Records : Vyring. Reg. 7 Foedera, vol. viii. p. 496. 
 
 8 Register, Arundel. 
 
BISHOPS FROM 1408 TO 1437. 
 
 35 
 
 on the 7th of October, 1407 : but Le Neve refers this event to the beginning 
 of 1408. 
 
 Robert Hall am, or Ha lam (18), Archdeacon of Canterbury and Chan¬ 
 cellor of Oxford, was first appointed by the pope to the archiepiscopal 
 chair of York; but the king disapproving of this, his holiness agreed to place 
 Hallam in the see of Sarum, the temporalities of which he received, June 
 6, 1408. In June, 1411, he was appointed Cardinal of Rome, and was 
 deputed, with Archbishop Chicheley and Bishop Ketterick, to assist at the 
 council of Pisa, in 1413; and also at that of Constance, in 1417. During 
 this mission he died, September 4, 1417 ; and was buried according to some 
 writers in the cathedral of Constance; but others say, his remains were 
 brought to, and interred in the church of Westminster Abbey. The papal 
 chair of Rome being at that time vacant, the canons of Salisbury elected 
 their dean, 
 
 John Chandler (19), who was consecrated on the 12th of Dec. 1417. 
 This prelate was a student in Wickham, or New College, Oxford; and 
 according to Leland (De Scriptoribus, vol. ii. p. 456) made rapid progress in 
 learning, and was noted for great purity in the Latin language. He became 
 a fellow and warden of his college, and left many writings in prose and verse. 
 After governing his diocess “ with vigilance and ability,” according to the 
 Chapter Records, for nearly nine years, he died, as Le Neve states, July, 1426. 
 A dispute now ensued between the canons and the pope respecting a new 
 bishop. The former chose their dean, Dr. Simon Sydenham, and enthroned 
 him at the high altar. The king sanctioned this election, and a letter was 
 sent to Rome, extolling the virtues and learning of the bishop elect; but 
 Pope Martin V. refused his sanction, and issued a bull, dated July 7, 1427, 
 appointing 
 
 Robert Neville, or Nevil (20), provost of Beverley Minster, to the 
 see of Sarum. He was son of Ralph Neville, Earl of Westmoreland, and 
 obtained his collegiate education at Oxford. During his prelacy at Salisbury, 
 he is said to have founded a monastery at Sunning, and after presiding 
 ten years was advanced to the rich see of Durham, in January, 1437. 
 
 f 2 
 
36 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 William Aiscough, or Ayscough 9 (21), the successor of Neville, 
 received his temporalities, July 13, 1438 ; and was consecrated in St. 
 George's chapel at Windsor, on the 20th of the same month. He was 
 doctor of laws at Cambridge, clerk of the council to King Henry VI. and 
 confessor to that monarch, an office which had not been conferred on any 
 bishop before that time. After discharging his important duties for twelve 
 years, he was most inhumanly and barbarously murdered by an infuriated 
 mob on the 29th of June, 1450. A rebellion, commenced at that time by 
 Jack Cade in London, soon extended its intemperate influence to distant 
 
 parts of the kingdom; and at Eddington, in Wiltshire, where our bishop 
 
 had a palace, and was then residing, the inhabitants assembled together, 
 
 and proceeding to the fine collegiate church, dragged the unoffending 
 
 prelate from the high altar, where he was celebrating mass, and dashed his 
 brains out: 10 they also plundered his mansion, and are said to have carried 
 away no less than ten thousand marks in money. The reason assigned 
 for this savage treatment, was the bishop’s employment at court, and con¬ 
 sequent absence from his see. His mutilated remains were interred in the 
 village church, but it is not evident that any monument was erected there, or 
 in the cathedral church of Salisbury. 
 
 Richard Beauchamp (22), doctor of laws, and Bishop of Hereford, 
 was advanced to the see of Salisbury, by papal bull dated Aug. 14, 1450. 
 He appears to have obtained the personal friendship of his monarch, and 
 
 9 The name of this person is variously spelt, as Aiscoth, Ascoghe, Aschue, Ascough, Hacliffe, 
 and Aschgogh: this capricious mode renders it difficult to find the name in dictionaries and indexes. 
 Wiclif is also spelt in different ways, but that now adopted is preferred for the reason assigned by 
 Mr. Baber in his life of that eminent reformer. 
 
 10 Some authors state that he was forcibly taken from the church, and conveyed to the top of 
 an adjoining- hill, where the mob dashed his brains out; “then tearing his bloody shirt to pieces, 
 to be preserved in memory of the action, they left his body naked on the place.”—Biographia 
 Britannica, by Dr. Kippis, vol. i. p. 287. The same writer also relates, that Cade and some of 
 his associates were the perpetrators of this baibarous act; but this is very improbable, as the rebel 
 chief was too much occupied at, and in the vicinity of London. See Life and Reign of Henry VI. 
 Complete History of England, &c. vol. i. p. 405. 
 
BISHOP RICHARD BEAUCHAMP : 1450 TO 1481 . 
 
 37 
 
 was successively promoted to various stations of honour and profit. In 1458 
 he was appointed ambassador to the Duchess of Burgundy, to settle a treaty 
 of marriage between the king’s sister, Margaret, and Charles, Duke of 
 Burgundy. Subsequently he agreed to a treaty of free intercourse between 
 Burgundy and England. In 1471 he was one of the conservators of the 
 truce with the Duke of Britanny, and on other occasions he was employed 
 in other diplomatic and civil capacities. Edward IV. installed him Dean 
 of Windsor in 1477 : and afterwards conferred on him, for life, the office of 
 chancellor of the order of the garter. 11 Thus attached to the person of the 
 king, and to the royal palace of Windsor, he was appointed “ Master and 
 supervisor of the works of St. George’s chapel,” which was then building, 
 and on which the sum of £6572. 12s. 9 d. was expended during the four last 
 years of the reign of Edward IV. and the first of Richard III. 12 From these 
 statements it is evident that much of his time and attention was engrossed 
 by seculai business, and that he must have been estranged from the neces¬ 
 sary duties of his see. We find however that he built the great hall of 
 his episcopal palace, and also erected a handsome chantry chapel on the 
 south side of the lady chapel in his cathedral, to contain his body, and 
 a monument. He made his will at Salisbury, October 16, 1481, and di¬ 
 rected his remains to be interred in the centre of the said chapel : 13 very 
 soon afterwards he died, and was buried conformably to these directions. 14 
 On the 4th of the following November the chapter assembled to choose a new 
 bishop ; and 
 
 11 This office was possessed by the bishops of Salisbury from that time till the seventh year of the 
 reign of Edward VI. 1553; when Sir William Cecil, then principal secretary of state, was ap¬ 
 pointed to the chancellorship. More than a century elapsed before the title was restored to its 
 original possessor, although different bishops preferred their claims. At length, Seth Ward pre¬ 
 sented a petition to his sovereign, Charles II. and the chapter, November 19, 1669, when it was 
 resolved to invest the bishop with this honorary office, and to continue the same to his successors. 
 See Pote’s History, &c. of Windsor, p. 222, and 353. 
 
 12 Lysons’ Magna Britannia, Berkshire, vol. i. p. 702, from Ancient Records. 
 
 13 A copy of this will is published in Gough’s Sepulchral Monuments, vol. ii. Appendix, p. 17. 
 
 14 Ashmole, Richardson, Pote, and other writers assert, that he was buried in St. George’s 
 Chapel, Windsor ; where there is certainly a memorial or cenotaph to his memory. 
 
38 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Lionel Woodville (23), son of Richard, Earl Rivers, and brother of 
 Edward the Fourth’s queen, was advanced to this see, April 17, 1482. He 
 was previously Dean of Exeter, and had been for some time Chancellor of 
 Oxford. His sister having married Henry, Duke of Buckingham, gave him 
 relationship to, and interest in the fortunes of that nobleman. Hence it ap¬ 
 pears that after Buckingham was beheaded in the market-place of Salisbury, 
 November, 1483, the bishop suffered so much, that he did not long survive 
 the event. The extraordinary reverse of fortune experienced by his royal 
 relatives in the usurpation of Richard III. must also have been afflicting to 
 himself and his lady. He only enjoyed his prelacy two years, as he died in 
 1484, and is said to have been interred in the great north transept of his own 
 cathedral. 
 
 Th omas Langton (24), was advanced from the see of St. David’s to that 
 of Salisbury by papal authority, February 9, 1484. About this time the 
 reforming doctrines of Wiclif were extensively disseminated, and our bishop 
 condemned six of his citizens for heretical opinions. 15 Anthony Wood de¬ 
 scribes him as a great encourager of literature and learning. After governing 
 this see about nine years, he was translated to that of Winchester in 1493; 
 where his remains were interred in a sumptuous chantry chapel, which he 
 appears to have previously erected. 16 
 
 John Blythe, or Blitii (25), was consecrated bishop of this diocess, 
 February 23, 1493. In the following year he was appointed chancellor of the 
 University of Cambridge, and had been previously master of the rolls, and 
 warden of King’s Hall, Cambridge. Dying August 23, 1499, his remains 
 were interred between the choir and chancel of this cathedral. 
 
 15 The sentence of the court, with the recantation of the prisoners, is preserved at the end of 
 Dr. Allix’s Remarks on the Ecclesiastical History of the ancient Churches of Piedmont, 1692. 
 Antiq. Sar. p. 100. 
 
 1,1 This chapel is now in a neglected and ruinous state. A particular description of it, with further 
 account of the bishop, will be given in the “ History of Winchester Cathedral.” 
 
39 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 ACCOUNTS OF THE AFFAIRS OF THE CHURCH DURING THE SIXTEENTH AND 
 SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES; AND OF TWENTY SUCCESSIVE BISHOPS. 
 
 Henry Dean, or Denny (26), who had been successively Prior of Lanthony 
 in Gloucestershire, Chancellor of Ireland, and Bishop of Bangor, was trans¬ 
 lated to Salisbury in 1500 ; but had only presided one year, when he was 
 made Lord Chancellor of England, and advanced to the archiepiscopal 
 chair of Canterbury on the death of Archbishop Morton. These favours 
 and promotions were derived from Henry VII. whose cause and interest 
 the bishop espoused, in Ireland, in opposition to Perkin Warbeck and his 
 adherents. 
 
 Edmund Audley (27), descended from the ancient family of the 
 Touchets, Lords Audley, was made Canon of Windsor 1472, Bishop of 
 Rochester 1480, Bishop of Hereford 1493, and advanced to Salisbury 
 April 2, 1502. Educated at Lincoln College, Oxford, he subsequently 
 evinced considerable partiality to that elegant city, by giving four hundred 
 pounds for the purchase of lands in Buckinghamshire, to enhance the 
 revenues of his college. He also added the patronage of the chantry 
 chapel in this cathedral, made some alterations in St. Mary’s Church at 
 Oxford, and also built a library over the congregation-house in that uni¬ 
 versity. Previous to his death he caused a most sumptuous chantry chapel 
 to be raised for himself, on the north side of the choir of his own church ; 
 and erected another, but dissimilar chapel, in the cathedral of Hereford. 
 He died at Ramsbury in Wiltshire, August 23, 1524, and his remains were 
 conveyed to Salisbury. 
 
40 
 
 SALISBURY - CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Lawrence Campeggio, or Compegio (28), a native of Bologna in Italy, 
 at first studied the law under his father, and at an early period of his life 
 was chosen to fill the law chair in the university of Padua; afterwards 
 taking orders, he was advanced in 1512 to the bishopric of Feltrio. Created 
 a cardinal in 1517, he was appointed pope’s legate, and sent on an embassy 
 to King Henry VIII. of England, to persuade him to unite with the con¬ 
 federate Christian princes against the Turks : failing however in this mission 
 he returned to Rome. In 1524 he was appointed Bishop of Salisbury by 
 papal provision. Four years afterwards he was again deputed to visit the 
 English court, to join with Cardinal Wolsey as judge to try the cause of 
 divorce which the brutal monarch had instituted against Catherine of Arragon, 
 his queen. The trial lasted from the 31st of May, 1529, to the 23d of the 
 following July; when it was prorogued till the 1st of October by Cam¬ 
 peggio, who chiefly conducted the proceedings of the court. “ The evocation, 
 which came a few days after from Rome, put an end to all hopes of success 
 which the king had so long and so anxiously cherished.’’ 1 Disappointed 
 in his hopes, and indignant at the dilatory and just proceedings of the two 
 cardinals, our tyrannic monarch soon wreaked his vengeance on them, by 
 dispossessing the bishop of his see, 1534, and Wolsey of all his preferments, 
 <kc. Campeggio retired to Rome, where he died, August, 1539, and was 
 buried in the church of St. Mary beyond the Tiber. The age now under 
 review may be considered truly important in the history of the English 
 church; and the conduct of our bishop may be regarded as having been highly 
 instrumental in its reformation. Had he and Wolsey submissively conceded 
 every thing to the cruel monarch, it is likely that they might have continued 
 in office and in favour; but an implacable and unconscionable tyrant, like 
 Henry, could not brook opposition from a subject. Not satisfied with 
 personal vengeance, he resolved also to curb the papal power, and make 
 it submissive to the will of the monarch. The reforming principles of the 
 time were auspicious to this end, and Henry employed them to gratify his 
 own bad passions. He therefore chose his ministers, and other great 
 
 1 Hume, Hist. England, vol. iv. p. 363, ed. 1803; from Herbert, p.254. 
 
BISHOPS SIIAXTON AND CAPON: 1535 TO 1557 . 
 
 41 
 
 officers with special regard to this principle; an example of which is 
 found in 
 
 Nicholas Shaxton, D. D. (29), who had been Treasurer of Salisbury, 
 President of Gonville Hall, Cambridge, a dependant on Lord Cromwell, and 
 an affected advocate for the reformed doctrines; and who was advanced to 
 this see by Henry VIII. and consecrated in St. Stephen’s chapel, West¬ 
 minster, April 11, 1535. In the convocation of 1536, he joined some other 
 prelates in supporting the king against the papal power. 2 Joining with the 
 Abbot of Reading, he had a serious dispute with his early patron, Lord 
 Cromwell; and afterwards, very strangely, opposed the measures of the king. 
 In 1538 he gave his opinion, in unison with seven other bishops, concerning 
 the monarch’s supremacy; yet in the following year he, and Latimer, Bishop 
 of Worcester, resigned their sees rather than subscribe to the law of the 
 Six Articles. The king commanded them both to be arrested and com¬ 
 mitted to the Tower, where they endured a long and rigorous confinement. 
 In this situation Shaxton was accused, in 1546, of denying the real pre¬ 
 sence, was consigned over to the rigour of the law, and sentenced to be 
 burnt. The prospect of this severe punishment disarmed him of fortitude, 
 and abjuring his pretended heresy he received a pardon. Afterwards, chang¬ 
 ing principles and conduct, he became a cruel persecutor of the reformers ; 
 and when Anne Askew, and some other persons suffered martyrdom, he 
 upbraided them in harsh and illiberal terms for their obstinacy. He 
 was afterwards made suffragan to the Bishop of Ely, and died at Cambridge, 
 August 4, 1556. 
 
 John Capon, 3 LL D. (30), Abbot of Hyde, Winchester, and Bishop of 
 Bangor, was translated from that see to this of Salisbury, July 31, 1539. 
 Masking his real character at first, he seemed to favour the reformers and 
 promote their views; but on the accession of Queen Mary to the throne, he 
 
 2 His printed injunctions to the clergy contain some pointed and strict remarks respecting the 
 royal supremacy, and the worship of images and relics. These were originally sold “ at the Close- 
 Cate in Salisbury,” and are reprinted in Burnet’s History of the Reformation, &c. vol. iii. p. 143. 
 
 3 Le Neve and other authorities write, “ Salcot, alias Capon;" but they do not account for 
 this dissimilarity of names. 
 
 G 
 
42 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL,. 
 
 ceased to disguise his intolerance and tyranny. In 1555, he sat as one of the 
 judges to try Hooper, Bishop of Gloucester, and signalized himself on other 
 occasions in persecuting the friends of reform. After governing his diocess 
 eighteen years, he died August 6, 1557, and was buried on the south side of 
 the choir. A contest now arose between the pope and the queen about filling 
 the vacant see: 
 
 Peter Petow was appointed by the former, and Francis Mallet by the 
 latter; but during the dispute her majesty died, and the accession of Queen 
 Elizabeth occasioned a decided change in ecclesiastical affairs. Under the 
 new sovereign, and the next bishop, the reformation assumed a positive, po¬ 
 pular, and permanent character. Henry the Eighth apparently tolerated it 
 merely to secure his own supremacy ; but Elizabeth protected and encouraged 
 it from fervent zeal in the cause. This was greatly promoted by 
 
 John Jewel, S. T. P. (31), who was consecrated Bishop of Salisbury, 
 January 21, 1559-60, after having sustained many vicissitudes and troubles 
 in the prosecution of his studies, and in the support of his principles. As a 
 very distinguished character and prelate, and as living at a time of great 
 importance in the annals of the church, and being, according to Wood, 
 “ one of the greatest lights that the reformed church of England hath 
 produced,’' 4 I think it necessary to detail more fully the events of his life, 
 than those of any of his predecessors or followers. He was a native of 
 Devonshire, and born “ at Bowden, in the parish of Berry-nerber, on the 
 24th of May, 1522.” 5 He was educated strictly in Protestant principles, 
 and cherished these during the whole of his life. At the age of thirteen 
 he was sent to the university of Oxford, and was entered at Merton College 
 in 1535 : here he profited by the zealous instruction of John Parkhurst, 
 afterwards Bishop of Norwich, who made him his portionist, or post-master. 
 Under this able tutor he prosecuted his studies with extraordinary zeal and 
 assiduity, and with him read over and collated Coverdal and Tindal’s 
 translations of the Bible. After spending some years at this college, he 
 
 4 Athense Oxonienses, vol. i. p. 389; edit. 1813. 
 
 5 Prince’s Worthies of Devon, p. 528; edit. 1810, 
 
bishop jewel: 1560 to 1571 . 
 
 43 
 
 was elected a scholar of that of Corpus Christi, August 19, 1539; and on 
 the 20th of the following October took the degree of “ bachelor of arts, 
 with great and general applause.” 6 This honour stimulated him to still 
 greater exertion; and he is represented to have studied very closely from 
 four in the morning till ten at night. He now took the charge of some 
 pupils, and instructed them in the principles of Protestantism in private, 
 and humanity in public. Chosen to the office of rhetoric professor, he 
 excited much popularity by the style and matter of his lectures, which he 
 continued to read for seven years, and attracted the attendance and 
 admiration of many of his seniors from other colleges: among these was 
 Parkhurst, his former preceptor, who complimented him by a Latin distich. 
 In 1544 he was made master of arts, the fees for which were paid by the 
 same kind tutor. After the death of Henry VIII. Peter Martyr was sent for 
 out of Germany, and appointed divinity professor at Oxford. Jewel con¬ 
 stantly attended his lectures, and, “ by characters which he had invented,” 
 (short hand) copied his discourses. In 1551 he obtained the degree of 
 bachelor in divinity, when he also was presented with the small rectory of 
 Sunningwell, near Abingdon. It was his practice, though lame, to walk to 
 his church every alternate Sunday. In these honourable occupations he at 
 once gratified his own feelings, and administered to the mental wants and 
 pleasures of many around him. On the accession of Mary to the throne, 
 the religious horizon was overcast; a storm soon gathered, and the thun¬ 
 ders of persecution, and lightnings of intolerance and bigotry, burst forth 
 on the nation. Jewel was one of the first, observes Prince, “ that felt the 
 fury of the tempest; ” for he was expelled the college without trial or ex¬ 
 amination. The university however chose him as their public orator, and 
 thus he was retained at Oxford some time longer, but only to experience 
 further insults and cruelties. By force he w^as compelled to subscribe to cer¬ 
 tain “popish articles:” and afterwards found it necessary to leave the city 
 during night, and travel on foot, to save his life. Lame, of a weakly con¬ 
 stitution, and fearful of his murderous enemies, he walked through bye- 
 
 g 2 
 
 G Prince, ubi supra. 
 
44 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 roads, and after sun-set, to reach the metropolis. In this journey he was 
 found, by a servant of Bishop Latimer, “ lying upon the ground almost 
 dead with vexation, weariness, and cold; and who, setting him upon a horse, 
 conveyed him to the Lady Anne Warcups, a widow,” 7 by whom he was 
 entertained for some time, and then sent on to London. Even here he 
 was unsafe; and having met with a friend, in Sir Nicholas Throgmorton, who 
 lent him money, and procured him a ship, he went to Frankfort. After 
 remaining there a few months, he proceeded to Strasburgh at the invitation 
 of Peter Martyr, who at that time presided over a college, and who ap¬ 
 pointed Jewel the vice-master. These divines subsequently went to, and 
 settled in Zurich, at the solicitation of the senate. Jewel however soon 
 afterwards proceeded to Padua, where he obtained the friendship of Signior 
 Scipio, a Venetian, to whom he subsequently addressed his epistle concerning 
 the council of Trent. The death of the cruel and sanguinary bigot, Queen 
 Mary, was a fortunate event for England ; for it instantly gave life and joy 
 to every liberal and enlightened person. This change induced Jewel, with 
 several of his friends, to return from exile. He was nominated one of 
 sixteen to meet the Catholics in Westminster, March 1559, and discuss the 
 subject in dispute between the two parties. In the following year he was 
 appointed one of the commissioners for visiting the churches in the west 
 of England, to root out Catholic doctrines, and establish those of the 
 Protestants. Soon after his return to London he was appointed Bishop 
 of Salisbury; and on the second Sunday before Easter, 1560, preached a 
 sermon first at the court, and afterwards at Paul’s Cross, which at the time, 
 and afterwards, occasioned much popular clamour of praise, censure, and 
 controversy. 8 9 It was soon published, and contained a challenge to all the 
 Roman Catholic world, to produce out of any father, or writer of credit, 
 who lived within six hundred years after Christ, or from any general 
 council during that period, or from the scriptures, any clear and decided 
 testimony to the truth of the popish tenets objected to by the reformers^ 
 
 7 Prince, ubi sup. 
 
 8 See Churton’s interesting Life of Alexander Nowell, p. 23, &c.; 8vo. 1809. 
 
 9 Humphr. Vit. Juel, p. 124; Heylin’s Reformation, p. 302; Strype’s Ann. vol. i. p, 201. 
 
bishop jewel: 1560 to 1571 . 
 
 45 
 
 This bold and novel defiance occasioned much notoriety, and called forth 
 several works in reply; but our prelate only answered one of these, which 
 came from the pen of Dr. Thomas Harding, who was esteemed the most 
 able of his opponents. Fallacy and sophistry could not however stand the 
 test of Jewel's liberal and luminous mind : he prepared his famous 
 “ Apologia Ecclesitf Anglicans,” 8vo. 1562, which involved him in a pro¬ 
 tracted controversy with Harding. 10 His apology was translated into 
 several languages, and circulated all over Europe. It was several times 
 printed in London, and was also translated into English by John Smith, 
 and by an anonymous writer. 11 Jewel was author of several other works, on 
 theological and controversial subjects. These were successively published, in 
 separate volumes and pamphlets, between the years 1573 and 1594; and 
 the principal of them were collected and printed in one volume folio, English, 
 1609. To this is prefixed a memoir of his life, “ full of faults,” written 
 by Daniel Featly. Though it is evident, from the preceding particulars, 
 that a considerable part of our good bishop’s time was employed in 
 literary studies, yet he did not neglect the practical duties of his high 
 station. His attachment to learning and literature is evinced by the act of 
 building a library over part of the cloister at Salisbury, and furnishing it with 
 several books. He also kept some poor boys in his house, for the express 
 purpose of instructing them in Latin, grammar, and other branches of learn¬ 
 ing; and it was his practice to excite laudable competition in these youths, 
 by hearing them dispute on, and discuss the subjects of their studies during 
 
 10 Mr. Churton, in his Life of Nowell, p. 126, has preserved a curious passage from a private 
 letter of Jewel’s, expressive of his great anxiety about the accuracy of reprinting his book. “ I beseech 
 your grace to geeue straite order, that the Latine Apologie be not printed againe, in any case, before 
 either your grace, or somme other haue wel perused it. I am afraide of printers; theire tyrannie is 
 
 terrible. — From my poore house in Sarisburie, 3 Maii, 1568.”-Addressed to Archbishop Parker, 
 
 and preserved among his MSS. in Benet College, Cambridge. 
 
 11 The word apology seems injudiciously chosen in this instance, as well as on a recent occasion by 
 one of our prelates, who entitles a rational and learned essay, “ An Apology for the Bible,” &c. To 
 apologise is to crave pardon, to entreat forgiveness ; but where there is neither error nor vice, there 
 can be no occasion to make apology. 
 
46 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 his meals. “ Several young- students were also supported by him at the 
 university, among whom was Richard Hooker.” He was a fervent and 
 zealous preacher, and appropriated much of his time in visiting various parts 
 of his diocess, to instruct and admonish his inferior clergy. It appears that 
 he often presided also in the consistory court, and assisted on the bench 
 of civil justice. Such indeed was his assiduity in the discharge of all his 
 episcopal and civil functions, that he sacrificed his health at the shrine of 
 duty, and died in the fiftieth year of his age, at Monkton-Farley in Wiltshire, 
 on the 23d of September, 1571 ; his remains were conveyed to Salisbury, 
 and interred near the middle of the choir. The university of Oxford 
 directed Dr. Laurence Humphrey, the Regius Professor of divinity, to 
 write a memoir, in Latin, of our bishop, which was published in quarto, 
 1573. “ Jewel’s character cannot be too highly revered, or too respectfully 
 
 spoken of. He was a man of great learning and surprising diligence, 
 moderate and humble in his opinions, and meek in his deportment ; a 
 strict observer of the behaviour of his clergy, yet a mild reprover of their 
 misconduct, which his vigilance greatly checked, and his caution prevented. 
 His memory is reported to have been very extraordinary, insomuch that 
 he could recollect any thing with once reading; and he improved it 
 very much by art, and a constant habit of employing it. He was an 
 excellent preacher; pious in all he said and did ; charitable without osten¬ 
 tation ; affable and pleasant in his manners ; temperate in his mode of life ; 
 and a complete master of his passions.” 13 As the sun in a spring morning, 
 rising above the eastern horizon, is often obscured by clouds and mist, but 
 gaining strength in its course dispels the gloomy and deleterious vapours, 
 and gives life, light, and joy to the human race-—so Jewel rose in the western 
 world, to check the horrific career of cruel bigotry, to stem the tide of 
 priestly intolerance, to emancipate the human mind from mental slavery, 
 and to prove that philanthropy, learning, and liberality of sentiment 
 which constitute the essential characteristics of a true Christian and a good 
 man. 
 
 12 Bliss, in Wood’s Athen. Oxon. vol. i. 395. 
 
BISHOPS FROM 1571 TO 1615 . 
 
 47 
 
 Edmund Gheast, or Guest, D. D. (32), a native of OfFerton, Yorkshire, 
 was a fellow of King’s College, Cambridge, and consecrated Bishop of 
 Rochester, and almoner to the queen, in January, 1559. In December, 1571, 
 he was translated to Salisbury ; where, having presided five years, he died 
 February 28, 1576-7. He exchanged the manor of Sunning for estates in 
 Dorsetshire, and was a benefactor to the cathedral library. Thorpe, in 
 “ Custumale Rolfense,” says he was “ employed in reviewing the liturgy in 
 1579;” but the date, if not the whole statement, must be erroneous. Bale 
 relates that he was author of several books, but these have never attained any 
 publicity. He was interred in the cathedral, near the grave of Wyvil. 
 
 John Piers (33), a native of Berkshire, and Dean of Christ Church, 
 Oxford, was translated from the see of Rochester to this of Salisbury in 1577 ; 
 and after presiding eleven years, was promoted to the prelatical throne of 
 York. 13 After a vacancy of three years, 
 
 John Coldwell (34), was ordained bishop of this see, December 26, 
 1591 ; and it is remarked, that he was the first married Bishop of Salisbury 
 after the reformation. This prelate alienated the manor of Sherborne from 
 the bishopric to the crown, at the importunity of Sir Walter Raleigh; and, 
 according to Fuller, “ never enjoyed himself afterwards, but died of a 
 broken heart.” 14 If this was the cause of his death, the effect was 
 remote ; as the first act occurred before the bishop’s confirmation, and he 
 presided nearly five years : he died October, 1596, and was buried near 
 Bishop Jewel. 
 
 Henry Cotton (35), son of Sir Richard Cotton, Knight, a native of 
 Warblington in Hampshire, was advanced to this bishopric in November, 
 1598, after it had remained vacant two years. Fie became commoner of 
 Magdalen College, Oxford, in 1566 ; and having taken his degrees in arts, 
 was appointed chaplain to Queen Elizabeth, his godmother, and a pre- 
 
 13 See Drake’s Eboracum, p. 356. 
 
 14 Church History of Britain, Cent. xvi. p. 233 ; Cent. xvii. p 27. About the same time the Bishop 
 of Exeter transferred the manor of Crediton from his see, and thus greatly injured its revenues. To 
 prevent a repetition of these acts, a statute was now formed and passed, to guard against the aliena¬ 
 tion, or exchange of church lands, even to or with the monarch. 
 
48 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 bendary of Winchester Cathedral. Favoured by the queen, he was exalted 
 to this see at one step from his chaplainship, and continued to govern it for 
 seventeen years; when he died, May 7, 1615, and was buried in his own 
 church. Godwin (de Prsesulibus) describes him as not more honourable 
 for his parentage, than eminent for learning, and for those virtues which 
 peculiarly adorn the episcopal office. 
 
 Robert Abbot (36), the successor of Cotton, was a student in Baliol 
 College, Oxford, of which he was afterwards elected master in 1609. 
 Having acquired much fame as a preacher, at an early period he was 
 successively preferred to the rectorship of All Saints in Worcester, and to 
 that of Bingham in Nottinghamshire. After taking his degree as D.D. in 
 1597, he was rapidly advanced to be chaplain in ordinary to King James I. 
 prebendary of Normanton, in the church of Southwell, king's professor of 
 divinity, and afterwards to the episcopal chair of Salisbury, in which he 
 was consecrated December 3, 1615. Bishop Abbot was author of several 
 published works, and left others in manuscript, four volumes of which are pre¬ 
 served in the Bodleian Library at Oxford. Anthony Wood describes him “as 
 a person of unblameable life and conversation, a profound divine, most admi¬ 
 rably well read in the fathers, councils, and schoolmen, and a more moderate 
 Calvinian than either of his two predecessors (Holland and Humphrey) in the 
 divinity chair were; which he expressed by countenancing the Sublapsarian way 
 of predestination.” 12 A sedentary habit of life brought on disease, and hastened 
 his death, which occurred March 2, 3 617-8, after presiding little more than 
 two years. He was interred in the cathedral. Anthony Wood gives a list of 
 his writings. An account of his life, &c. is published at the end of an octavo 
 pamphlet, devoted to the memoirs of his brother, Archbishop of Canterbury, 
 printed at Guildford, 1777. 
 
 Martin Fotherby, D. D. (37), the successor of Abbot, was a native of 
 Lincolnshire, and a student of Trinity College, Oxford, where he obtained 
 degrees and a fellowship. At an advanced age he was promoted to this 
 see, but presided not one whole year; being consecrated April 19, 1618, 
 
 15 Athenae Oxonienses; edited by Bliss ; 4to. vol. ii. col. 224. 
 
BISHOPS TOUNSON AND DAVENANT : 1G20 TO 1641. 
 
 49 
 
 and dying March 11, 1619-20. He was interred in the church of All Souls, 
 Lombard-street, London. Four of his sermons have been published, and a 
 treatise entitled “ Atheomastiae” was posthumously printed in 1622. 
 
 Robert Tounson, Tonson, or Tompson, D. D. (38), a native of 
 Cambridge, was elected a Fellow of Queen’s College, in that university. 
 King James I. appointed him his chaplain, and afterwards advanced 
 him to the deanery of Westminster, December 16, 1617. This was a 
 prelude to a more exalted station, and we find that he was consecrated 
 Bishop of Salisbury, July 9, 1620. Here however his reign was short ; and 
 according to Camden, he died in very reduced circumstances in May, 1621, 
 leaving a widow and fifteen children. His remains were interred in the abbey 
 church, Westminster, near St. Edmund’s chapel, but without any monumental 
 memorial to identify the spot, or record his name. Hacket, who lived near 
 Bishop Tounson’s time, describes him as “ a man of singular piety, eloquence, 
 and humility.” 16 
 
 John Davenant, D. D. (39), brother-in-law to the preceding, was 
 appointed his successor. He was the son of a London merchant, and born 
 in Watling-street, 1576, and was first admitted a pensioner of Queen's Col¬ 
 lege, Cambridge, and took his master’s degree in arts, 1594. His learning 
 and talents soon advanced him to other honours and preferments. In 1601 
 he took his degree of B. D. and that of D. D. in 1609. In this year he 
 was elected lady Margaret’s professor: and in October, 1614, he was 
 admitted master of his college, and held that station till 1627. King 
 James I. appointed him, with other learned clergymen, to attend a synod 
 at Dort, to determine a warmly contested controversy with the Arminians. 
 Having effected the object of his mission, and visited several cities in the 
 Low Countries, he returned home in 1621, and was almost immediately 
 advanced to the see of Sarum. To this he was consecrated June 12, 
 1621. 17 Being appointed to preach before Charles I. in Lent, 1630-1, he 
 
 16 “ Scrinia Reserata;” a memorial offered to the great deservings of John Williams, D. D. &c. 
 Fol. 1693, p. 44. 
 
 17 According to Dodsworth, but Godwin and Le Neve say November 18, 1621. 
 
 H 
 
50 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 incurred the displeasure of the monarch by descanting on the predes- 
 tinarian controversy, which his majesty had strictly enjoined should “ be 
 laid aside.” For this he was summoned before the privy council, but there 
 justified his conduct, in opposition to the Archbishop of York. Though 
 he escaped any severe censure, or punishment, yet he was afterwards 
 evidently neglected by the court. He was author of a few works on 
 theological and doctrinal subjects; and after governing’ his diocess nearly 
 twenty years, died April 20, 1641, and was buried in the south aile of the 
 choir of the cathedral. He gave to Queen’s College, Cambridge, the per¬ 
 petual advowsons of the rectories of Great Cheverel, and Newton-Tony, in 
 Wiltshire, and a rent charge of thirty-one pounds ten shillings per annum, 
 for the founding of two Bible clubs, and to purchase books for the use of the 
 same college. 18 
 
 Brian Duppa, or De Upiiaugh, D. D. (40), succeeded Davenant: but 
 was destined to live in an age of civil discord and calamity, from the 
 then disorganized state of society, and wild conflict between sectarians, 
 republicans, and royalists. Duppa was one of several bishops who pos¬ 
 sessed the title without its usual honours, profits, and influence. He had 
 scarcely been advanced to the high station, before the republican parliament 
 deprived all the prelates of their respective sees. Duppa was personally 
 attached to his monarch, and accompanied him in his vicissitudes, and 
 even in his imprisonment. Whilst confined in Carisbrooke castle, it is 
 generally said that the king wrote the Eikon Basilike; or, Portraiture of his 
 own Sufferings: and it is believed that Duppa materially assisted in the 
 composition of that work. 19 Although the publication excited much sym¬ 
 pathy in behalf of the persecuted monarch, yet it could not stem the 
 torrent of infatuated republicanism, and the king was doomed to lose his 
 head on the public scaffold. The bishop retired to, and remained in 
 peace at Richmond, till the restoration, when he was reinstated in his see. 
 
 18 Biograpbia Britannica, and Fuller’s Worthies. 
 
 19 Nichols, in “ Literary Anecdotes,” vol. i. gives a long account of the tracts and controversy 
 about the author of “ EIKDN BA2IAIKH.” 
 
BISHOPS HENCHMAN AND EARLE : 1660 TO 1666 . 
 
 51 
 
 As a reward for his loyalty and sufferings, he was presented, in the course 
 of two months, with the rich bishopric of Winchester, and constituted lord 
 almoner to the king. The asylum he found at Richmond induced him, 
 when advanced to prosperity, to erect and endow an hospital in that place. 
 He also gave 500/. to be expended in the repairs of Salisbury cathedral, 
 and left legacies to the cathedrals of Chichester and Winchester; and 
 several other sums for humane and charitable purposes. Having attained 
 the age of seventy-three, he died at Richmond in the year 1662 ; and only 
 a few hours before his demise he was visited by Charles II. who begged his 
 blessing. Burnet misrepresents our good bishop’s character, but from 
 what motive it is not easy to ascertain. That he suffered much in the 
 cause of his monarch, and in support of his political and religious tenets, 
 is very evident : and the numerous bequests specified in his last will, 
 evince liberality and humanity. He was interred in Westminster Abbey 
 church. 20 
 
 Humphrey Henchman (41), who had been precentor of Salisbury, was 
 consecrated bishop, October 28, S660. This prelate, like his predecessor, 
 had been a stanch royalist, and assisted Charles II. both in person and 
 advice, at the memorable battle of Worcester; and afterwards facilitated 
 his escape to France. On the restoration of the monarch, Henchman 
 was rewarded for these acts by the mitre of Salisbury. After presiding 
 here about three years, he was promoted to the see of London, and invested 
 with the office of lord almoner, both which stations he retained till his death, 
 October 1675. During the prelacy of this bishop at Salisbury, some material 
 but not very tasteful alterations were made in the form and decorations of the 
 choir of his church. 
 
 John Earle, D. D. (42), was promoted to this see from that of 
 Worcester, September 26, 1663. The events of this prelate’s life have been 
 fully and judiciously narrated by Bliss, the learned editor of a new edition 
 of Wood’s Athense Oxonienses : and from that narrative we learn that Earle 
 
 20 Biographia Britannica ; Usher’s Life and Letters ; Lloyd’s Memoirs ; Chalmers’s Biographical 
 Dictionary, vol. xii. 
 
 H 2 
 
52 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 was a native of York, a commoner, and Bachelor of Arts of Christ Church 
 College, Oxford, a Fellow of Merton College, in which he took the degree 
 of M. A. July 10, 1624, and served the office of proctor of the university 
 in 1631. Obtaining the friendship of the Earl of Pembroke, that noble¬ 
 man presented him to the rectory of Bishopston, in Wiltshire, and he was 
 soon afterwards appointed preceptor to Charles, Prince of Wales. He 
 was next presented to the chancellorship of this cathedral : but was soon 
 doomed to suffer a reverse of fortune, and participate in the hardships and 
 privations which visited the English clergy at that time. 21 Ejected from 
 all his promotions, he retired to Normandy, to avoid personal insult and 
 death. At Rouen he chanced to meet his pupil, Charles II. who made 
 him a private chaplain, and clerk of the closet. Following the fortunes of 
 the exiled monarch, he also shared with him in prosperity; and after the 
 restoration was made Dean of Westminster, commissioner for revising the 
 liturgy, Bishop of Worcester in 1662, and in less than a year promoted to 
 Salisbury. Over this see he presided till November 17, 1665 ; when he 
 died at Oxford, aged sixty-five, and was buried in Merton College chapel, 
 where a monument, with a long inscription, remains to perpetuate his me¬ 
 mory. His literary fame and talents are however more permanently recorded 
 in his “Microcosmography, or, A Piece of the World displayed which has 
 passed through several editions, and affords at once a fair specimen of the 
 author’s talents, as well as of the literary style and character of the age. 
 Lord Clarendon praises him for his “ elegance in the Greek and Latin tongues; 
 as a most eloquent and powerful preacher ; and an excellent poet, both in 
 Latin, Greek, and English.” 22 
 
 Alexander IIy de, or Hide (43), son of Sir Lawrence Hyde, Knight, 
 was a native of Salisbury, and kinsman of Edward Hyde, Earl of Claren¬ 
 don, by whose friendship and influence he was promoted in the church. 
 He was first made Sub-dean of Sarum, and Prebendary of South Grantham; 
 and in 1660 was advanced to the deanery of Winchester. He was con- 
 
 21 See Walker’s “ Sufferings of the Clergy;” fol. 1714, part. 11, p. 63. 
 
 Clarendon’s Account of his own Life, fol. 1759; and Bliss’s edition of “ Microcosmography,” 
 consisting of Essays and Characters; 12mo. 1811. 
 
bishop ward: 1667 to 1689 . 
 
 53 
 
 secrated at Oxford, bishop of this see, December 3, 1665; and dying August 
 22, 1667, was buried in the cathedral church. 
 
 Seth Ward, D. D. (44), a man highly distinguished for his mathematical 
 and scientific attainments, was advanced from an humble station in life to 
 illustrious honours and handsome fortune. At an early age he was made 
 Savilian professor of astronomy at Oxford; and in 1657 was chosen Prin¬ 
 cipal of Jesus College in that university. Two years afterwards he was 
 elected President of Trinity College, Oxford; and being an active member 
 in founding the Royal Society of London, he was made its second president. 
 Having obtained the deanery of Exeter in 1661, he was promoted to the 
 see in the following year, and then exerted himself to remedy the evils 
 arising from the great rebellion. The leases under his see expiring about 
 this time, he obtained considerable sums of money for renewing them, and 
 is said to have expended nearly 25,000/. in repairing and ornamenting his 
 cathedral. After presiding there about five years, he was translated to the 
 see of Salisbury ; and there displayed the same zeal and interest in behalf 
 of that cathedral and diocess. He repaired both the church and the 
 palace, at his own expense, and employed Sir Christopher Wren to make 
 a professional and scientific survey of the former edifice. This prelate 
 also prevailed on Charles the Second to restore the chancellorship of the 
 garter to him, and make it hereditary in the bishops of Salisbury. He 
 also built and endowed “ the College of Matrons ,” for unfortunate clergy¬ 
 men’s widows, near the cathedral; and towards the latter part of his life, 
 established an hospital for poor men, at Buntingford in Hertfordshire, the 
 place of his nativity. In Christ Church College, Cambridge, he instituted 
 six scholarships, with privileges equal to those on the original foundation. 
 Though thus mostly occupied in humane and generous acts, his peace of 
 mind and repose was disturbed in 1663, by Dean Peirce, who involved him 
 in a controversy and litigation, respecting the power of bestowing prebends. 
 The dean published a learned essay, to prove the “ king’s sovereign rights ” 
 to this privilege, in opposition to that of the bishop. The contest was 
 referred to ecclesiastical commissioners, who decided against the dean ; but 
 it is supposed that this subject preyed so much on the mind of the worthy 
 
54 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 prelate, as to undermine his health and mental faculties. He lived how¬ 
 ever till January 6, 1688-9 ; when he departed this life, and left many to 
 regret his loss, and admire his general character. His remains were 
 interred in the south transept of the cathedral, where is a large mural 
 marble tablet, with a long inscription to his memory. He was author of 
 a discourse “ On the Being and Attributes of God,” some sermons, and 
 several essays on mathematical subjects. Bishop Burnet describes him as 
 “ one of the greatest men of his age and Dr. Walter Pope published a 
 small volume, in 1697, appropriated to his life and actions. 
 
 Gilbert Burnet (45), is a name of importance in the annals of English 
 literature, and reflects part of his fame on the see of Salisbury, in which 
 he spent nearly twenty-five years of his life. His memoirs have been often 
 detailed, and are to be found in several publications. In this work I shall 
 be brief, and endeavour to sketch his portrait in a slight, but decided and 
 faithful manner. He was born in Edinburgh, September 18, 1643, and 
 received his education in the college of Aberdeen, where he obtained the 
 degree of M. A. at the early age of fourteen. At first he studied the law, 
 but afterwards directed his chief attention to divinity and general history. 
 At the age of eighteen he was admitted to preach, and attracted attention, 
 and obtained offers of settlement in Scotland: but declining these, he 
 visited England in 1663, and then examined both of our universities. The 
 two following years he devoted to the continent, and remained some time at 
 Amsterdam and at Paris. Returning in 1665, he was ordained priest, and 
 presented to the living of Saltoun. At this time the Episcopalians and 
 Presbyterians were warmly engaged in controversy, and Burnet was 
 involved in the popular dispute. Fie was however the only clergyman in 
 Scotland, who regularly read in public the liturgy of the church of 
 England. After being elected professor of divinity in the university of 
 Glas gow, he was honoured and benefited by the acquaintance of the 
 Duchess of Hamilton, who prevailed on him to write the “ Memoirs of the 
 Dukes of Hamilton.’ This may be considered the foundation-stone of his 
 tame and fortune : for in consequence of being engaged on this work he 
 was invited by the Earl of Lauderdale to visit London, to obtain some 
 
BISHOP BURNET: 1689 TO 1715 . 
 
 55 
 
 useful information respecting the times and persons of which he was about 
 to write. On this occasion he fortunately promoted a reconciliation 
 between the Lauderdale and Hamilton families. Returning to Glasgow he 
 married Lady Margaret Kennedy, daughter of the Earl of Cassilis; but on 
 the day before the marriage, signed a bond, renouncing all claims on the 
 lady’s fortune. In opposition to Buchannan and others, he published in 
 1672 a “ Vindication of the Authority, Constitution, and Laws of the 
 Church and State of Scotlandwhich was so much approved by the 
 dignitaries of the church, that he was pressed a second time to accept of 
 a bishopric. Visiting London soon afterwards, he had frequent interviews 
 with the king, and his brother the Duke of York, who at first favoured, 
 but afterwards opposed him. These princes were inclined to restore the 
 Roman Catholic religion, to which Burnet was honestly and systematically 
 averse. In behalf of his principles, and urged by the events of the times, 
 he commenced his “ History of the Reformation,” and published the first 
 volume of it in 1679. For this he obtained votes of thanks from both 
 houses of parliament, with a request that he would prosecute and com¬ 
 plete the work. In the course of two years he accordingly produced a 
 
 second volume; but the third, being a sort of supplement to the two 
 
 preceding, was not published till 1714. A public writer in such times 
 could not be exempt from open, as well as secret opposition and enmity. 
 At one time the ministry caressed him, at another neglected and even 
 sought to injure him. Thus circumstanced he made a tour to Paris, and 
 was welcomed with great civility. Soon afterwards the bigoted Duke of 
 York was crowned; and Burnet, knowing his disposition, deemed it most 
 prudent to avoid his intolerance and personality by residing in the Nether¬ 
 lands. Here he was prosecuted for high treason, but the states of Holland 
 
 sought means to protect him. In the great and important revolution which 
 soon followed, and which was occasioned by the folly and bigotry of the 
 monarch, Burnet acted a conspicuous part, both with his pen and personal 
 advice. He wrote several pamphlets in support of the Prince of Orange’s 
 designs; and, accompanying that prince to England, still assisted him 
 
56 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 with his council and exertions, and drew up many state papers and pro¬ 
 clamations. As his patron was soon enthroned King of Great Britain, he 
 was secure of favour and preferment. Dr. Crew, Bishop of Durham, 
 proposed to the new king to resign his bishopric in favour of Burnet, on 
 condition of receiving 1000/. per annum out of the revenues : but these 
 terms were honestly refused by our author. He was very soon afterwards 
 presented with the Salisbury mitre, and was consecrated March 31, 1689. 
 Being thus advanced to the house of peers, he zealously advocated the 
 cause of moderation and toleration. This year he addressed a “ Pastoral 
 Letter” to the clergy of his diocess, concerning the oaths of allegiance and 
 supremacy : and, strange to say, three years afterwards, this book was 
 ordered to be burnt by the common hangman. His first care and attention, 
 after being settled at Salisbury, was to establish a plan of discipline and 
 conduct, both for himself and his clerical associates. He was strict in the 
 ceremony of confirmation ; frequently visited all parts of his diocess; 
 recommended energy and good conduct in the clergy, and admonished the 
 laity. In performing the duties of his sacred charge, he was conscientious, 
 diligent, and exemplary: and in his parliamentary and political trusts, he 
 seems to have been equally attentive and assiduous. Nowithstanding these 
 corporeal and mental exertions, he lived to attain the age of seventy-two : 
 when he resigned his worldly cares and existence, March 17, 1715, and 
 was interred in the parish church of St. James's, Clerkenwell, London, in 
 compliance with the directions of his will. 
 
 From his public acts and literary works, we have ample materials to 
 elucidate the moral, political, and mental character of Burnet. The first was 
 unequivocally commendable, and highly amiable: the second was partly 
 influenced by the times, but was consistent and sincere: whilst the third 
 seems a compound of wisdom and weakness, of philosophy and credulity. 
 It may be said that he wrote too much and too various, to be equally 
 attentive to elegance, eloquence, and profound investigation. In the 
 Edinburgh Review, June, 1815, he is justly described “ as an incorrect 
 writer indeed, and a partizan, but one who wrote with the same feelings 
 
BISHOP BURNET: 1689 TO 1715. 
 
 57 
 
 with which he acted ; a very able as well as honest man, and perhaps the 
 most amusing memoir writer in our language.” These remarks are elicited 
 in commenting on a volume entitled, “ A Memorial offered to her Royal 
 Highness the Princess Sophia,” &c. 8vo. 1815 ; and which memorial, the 
 reviewer shows, could not have been written by our bishop. Dr. Johnson 
 rather hyperbolically characterises Burnet’s “ Life, &c. of the Earl of 
 Rochester,” as “ a book which the critic should read for its elegance, the 
 philosopher for its arguments, and the saint for its piety.” As a divine, 
 Burnet was ingenious, learned, and animated ; but as an historian, though 
 generally circumstantial and faithful, he is often vain, credulous, and gar¬ 
 rulous. His controversial works are nearly forgotten ; but his “ Histories 
 of the Reformation,” three volumes, folio—and of “ His own Times,” two 
 volumes, folio, are useful and valuable publications: whilst his Lives of 
 the Earl of Rochester, one volume, octavo—and of Bishop Bedel, one 
 volume, octavo—and of Sir Matthew Hale, one volume, octavo, are essential 
 parts to every biographical library. 
 
 i 
 
58 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 
 ACCOUNTS OF TWELVE SUCCESSIVE BISHOPS WHO PRESIDED DURING THE 
 
 EIGHTEENTH CENTURY, ETC. 
 
 William Talbot (46), a native of Stourton Castle in Staffordshire, was 
 only son of William Talbot of the same place, who was buried in Kinver 
 church, Staffordshire. Having studied with success in Oriel College, 
 Oxford, he there took his degrees, and soon afterwards was promoted to 
 the deanery of Worcester, through the influence of his kinsman, Charles 
 Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury. On the death of Dr. Fell, in 1699, he was 
 translated to the bishopric of Oxford, and at the same time allowed to 
 hold his deanery in commendam. Here he presided fifteen years, and was 
 then advanced to the see of Sarum, April 23, 1715: and having sat here 
 
 till 1721, was then raised to the rich bishopric of Durham, where he died 
 
 in 1730. 1 
 
 Richard Willis (47), Dean of Lincoln and Bishop of Gloucester, was 
 nominated the successor of Bishop Talbot, and was translated to this see 
 
 November 21, 1721. He was chaplain to King William, and particularly 
 
 noted for extempore eloquence. George I. promoted him to the see of 
 Winchester in 1723, where he presided eleven years, and died there in 
 1734. His successor, at Salisbury, was 
 
 Benjamin Hoadley (48), who excited much popularity by his con¬ 
 troversy with Dr. Atterbury, on the doctrine of non-resistance. Although 
 
 1 Some authorities state, that Bishop Talbot was a native of Lichfield ; but as the father 
 resided at Stourton Castle, it is most probable that his only son was born there. See Collins’s 
 Peerage, by Brydges, v. 232. 
 
BISHOPS HOADLEY AND SHERLOCK: 1723 TO 1748. 
 
 59 
 
 Queen Anne disregarded the recommendation of the House of Commons 
 to grant Hoadley some preferment, he afterwards was promoted to the see 
 of Bangor, by George I. but never visited his diocess. His time and 
 pen were employed in polemical divinity ; and from his writings arose the 
 “ Bangorian controversy,” which, though at first directed to the temporal 
 power of the clergy, ultimately involved that of monarchs. It was the 
 doctrine of Hoadley, that the king was invested with the right of governing 
 in ecclesiastical polity. His writings led him into a controversy with Dr. 
 Sherlock, the learned Dr. Snape, and Mr. Law. He also engaged in a 
 public dispute with Dr. Hare on the nature of prayer. 
 
 “ Let pious Hoadley next his station find, 
 
 Grown man in body now, but more in mind; 
 
 His looks are in the mother’s beauty drest, 
 
 And Moderation 2 has inform’d his breast 
 He preach’d—when he did railing fools detest.” 3 
 
 In 1721 Hoadley was translated to Hereford, and in 1723 to Salisbury, 
 where he presided eleven years, and then followed his predecessor to 
 Winchester, where he died and was buried in 1761, aged eighty-five. This 
 prelate may be justly regarded as one of the most celebrated polemical 
 and controversial writers of his own, or of any other age. He commenced 
 in 1703, with a tract in vindication of the conforming clergy, and continued 
 to write and publish till a late period of his life. 
 
 Thomas Sherlock (49), a native of London, was translated to Salisbury 
 on the removal of Hoadley, November 8, 1734. His father, Dr. William 
 Sherlock, was Master of the Temple, and was succeeded in that office by 
 Thomas in 1704, who was afterwards chosen Master of Catharine Hall, 
 Cambridge. He was subsequently promoted to the chancellorship of that 
 university. Sherlock was also successively advanced to the deanery of 
 Chichester in 1716, to the see of Bangor in 1728, and in 1734 translated 
 to Salisbury. In 1747 he was offered the metropolitan mitre of Canter- 
 
 2 The subject of one of his sermons. 
 
 3 A poem by Dunton. Nichols’s Anecdotes; vol. v. p. 81. 
 
 i 2 
 
60 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 bury, which he declined on account of ill health; but in the following year 
 accepted that of London, where he died in his eighty-fourth year, A.D. 
 1761. Sherlock, like his predecessor, was deeply involved in controversial 
 and doctrinal subjects: but most of these writings have become uninterest- 
 ino\ His sermons, in four volumes, octavo, are however still much 
 esteemed, for their style and erudition. He gave large sums of money to 
 the sons of the clergy ; sent two thousand copies of his discourses to be 
 distributed in the colonies and settlements of America; to Catharine Hall, 
 Cambridge, he bequeathed his library, with a donation for the maintenance 
 of a librarian, and the foundation of a scholarship; and during his stay at 
 Salisbury, particularly exerted himself in repairing and improving his 
 cathedral. It may be remarked, that Hoadley and Sherlock were contem¬ 
 poraries while undergraduates at college, that they were opposed to each 
 other in the Bangorian controversy, successively filled the see of Salisbury, 
 and both died in 1761. 
 
 John Gilbert (50), a Canon of Christ Church, Oxford, and Dean of 
 Exeter, was installed Bishop of Landatf in the year 1740. In 1748 he 
 was translated to Salisbury ; and after presiding here till 1757, was pro¬ 
 moted to the archiepiscopal chair of York. He was then succeeded by 
 
 John Thomas (51), who was at that time preceptor to George III., 
 and Bishop of Peterborough. He sat here only four years, when he was 
 promoted to Winchester; where he died in 1781, and was interred in the 
 south aile of the cathedral, where an inscription specifies his birth and 
 successive promotions. 
 
 The Honourable Robert Hay Drummond (52), second son of George 
 Henry, Earl of Kinnoul, was translated from the Welsh see of St. Asaph 
 to that of Salisbury in 1761, and before he had presided here one year he 
 was promoted to York. He preached the coronation sermon at the time 
 George III. and Queen Charlotte were enthroned. A short memoir of his life, 
 with six sermons, and a letter on theological study, were published in a small 
 octavo volume, 1803. 
 
 John Thomas (53), the second bishop of that name, was of Catharine 
 Hall, Cambridge; and at an early period of life was appointed chaplain to 
 
BISHOPS HUME AND BARRINGTON: 1766 TO 1791. 
 
 61 
 
 the English factory at Hamburgh, and resided there many years. During 
 his stay he published a Spectator in high German. Soon after his return to 
 England he was elected, but not consecrated, Bishop of St. Asaph in 1743, 
 and promoted to Lincoln in the same year. He was translated to Salisbury 
 in 1761, and died there July, 1766. Dr. Combe, in a memoir of the Rev. 
 R. Southcote, 4 characterises Bishop Thomas by saying, he was ‘‘a good- 
 tempered man, and a worthy man, but had his failings. He was pleased with 
 the company of persons of rank, and had not firmness of mind sufficient to 
 refuse what a great man asked as a favour. One living fell; a lord asked for 
 it, and had it: another living in his presentation became vacant, and the 
 same thing happened through an earl or a duke.” Dr. Thomas married four 
 times ; and the motto on his ring at the last wedding is said to have run thus : 
 —“ If I survive, I’ll make them five.” 5 
 
 John Hume (54), was a prebendary of this cathedral in 1742, and made 
 Canon Residentiary of St. Paul’s in 1748. In 1753 he was installed Bishop 
 of Bristol, and soon afterwards advanced to Oxford. Here he presided till 
 1766, when he was translated to Salisbury, where he died, in July, 1782, and 
 was buried near the grave of his predecessor. 
 
 The Honourable Shute Barrington (55), youngest son of John, Lord 
 Viscount Barrington, was entered Gentleman Commoner of Merton College, 
 Oxford, 1752, and elected fellow in 1755. In 1760 he was made chaplain 
 to the king, and Canon of Christ Church the following year; about 
 which time he married Diana Beauclerk, daughter of Charles, second Duke 
 of St. Alban’s. This lady died without issue in 1768. In 1770 Mr. Bar¬ 
 rington married, a second time, Miss Guise, sister and heir of Sir William 
 Guise, Baronet. After being appointed Canon of Windsor, he was pro¬ 
 moted to the see of Landaff in 1769, and translated to that of Salisbury 
 1782. Here he presided nine years, and during his prelacy directed many 
 essential improvements in the cathedral and palace, when he was promoted 
 to the rich see of Durham. Bishop Barrington was author of a volume of 
 
 4 Nichols’s Literary Anecdotes, &c. vol. vi. p. 364; from Southgate’s Catalogue of Books, drawn 
 up by Dr. Combe. 
 
 5 Nichols’s Literary Anecdotes; vol. iv. p. 732. 
 
62 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 sermons, charges, and tracts; and during his stay at Salisbury established 
 a fund of two thousand pounds, the interest of which is to be distributed 
 annually among the poor clergy and their families at the discretion of the 
 bishop. He also appropriated the sum of six thousand pounds (which had 
 been bequeathed to him by the reverend Mr. Emily), to augment the revenues 
 of the alms-house, or college of St. Nicholas in Salisbury. 6 
 
 John Douglas (56), is a name of importance in the annals of the see 
 of Salisbury, as well as in those of English literature. Goldsmith has 
 rendered it extensively popular, in his exquisite poem of “ Retaliation,” by 
 pronouncing Douglas, “ the scourge of impostors, the terror of quacks.” 
 This alludes to his essay exposing the forgeries of Lauder, who had invi¬ 
 diously endeavoured to undermine the fame of Milton, by interpolating 
 the poems of some continental authors, with Latin translations of various 
 passages from Paradise Lost. Never, perhaps, in the literary world, was 
 there an instance of more artful and villanous criticism, and never was 
 craftiness more completely detected, and laid open to public contempt and 
 indignation. Douglas’s pamphlet, published in 1750, was entitled, “ Milton 
 vindicated from the Charge of Plagiarismand it is distinguished by 
 accuracy of knowledge, perspicuity of language, and a tone of dignified 
 moderation, too seldom observable in the triumphant assailant of weakness 
 and imposture. 7 In 1754 Mr. Douglas again appeared before the public, 
 as author of “The Criterion; or, Miracles examinedwhich was designed 
 as a refutation of the specious objections of Hume and others, to the 
 miracles of the New Testament. The following year he produced another 
 pamphlet, entitled “An Apology for the Clergy,” against the Hutchin- 
 sonians; and soon afterwards appeared another pamphlet, “ The Destruc¬ 
 tion of the French foretold by Ezekiel being an ironical exposition of 
 the sentiments and style of the Hutchinsonians. In 1756 Mr. Douglas 
 
 6 Dodsworth’s Historical Account, &c. p. 86. 
 
 ' It is rather curious to reflect on the influence of political prejudice: Dr. Johnson, though an 
 acute and discriminating- critic generally, was so blinded by his antipathy to Milton, that he readily 
 and willingly credited Lauder’s accusations. 
 
BISHOP DOUGLAS: 1791 TO 1807 . 
 
 63 
 
 once more stood forward as the detector of literary fraud, by publishing 
 a pamphlet against Archibald Bower, a Scotch jesuit, who had printed by 
 subscription “A History of the Popes.” The irritated jesuit replied with 
 anger, and continued to reply and animadvert in three separate pamphlets : 
 these produced counter criticisms from Douglas, who, in “ Bower and 
 Tillemont compared,” in “ A full Confutation of Bower’s Three Defences,’ 
 and in “The complete and final Detection of Bower,” fully succeeded in 
 exposing the falsehood and infamy of his antagonist. His literary labours 
 and honours did not terminate here, for in 1759 he published anonymously, 
 “ The Conduct of a late Noble Commander ” (Lord George Sackville) 
 “candidly considered.” At the same time he wrote “A Letter to two 
 great Men on the Approach of Peace.” In 1760 he produced a preface 
 to the translation of “Hooke’s Negotiations;” and in the following year 
 appeared “ Seasonable Hints from an honest Man;” being an exposition 
 of Lord Bath’s sentiments. Mr. Douglas was also author of other acknow¬ 
 ledged, and also of several unacknowledged pamphlets, letters, and essays. 
 His writings are distinguished by correctness of judgment, extent of literary 
 knowledge, terseness of expression, and liberality of sentiment. Attached 
 to literature, he assiduously devoted every leisure moment to its alluring 
 and gratifying pursuits; and even till within the two last days of his life 
 
 devoted some hours each day to reading. Such is the literary character 
 
 of Bishop Douglas; who, blessed by Providence with strong natural talents, 
 cultivated them with zeal and judgment: he did not however, like the 
 miser, hoard them for selfish and penurious gratification ; but exerted his 
 mind for public advantage and utility; and has thus secured to his name 
 and memory, a perpetuity of glory. In his official duties and character 
 he was upright, sincere, and exemplary; whilst benignity of temper, and 
 suavity of manners, distinguished him in his public and private intercourse 
 with society. He was a native of Pittenween, Fifeshire, Scotland, and 
 
 born there in 1721. In 1736 he was entered a commoner of St. Mary’s 
 
 Hall, Oxford; and two years afterwards was removed to Baliol College, 
 where he took a bachelor’s degree in 1741. After spending a year abroad, 
 he returned and took his master's degree, and was ordained deacon in 1744 
 
64 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 At this time he was appointed chaplain to the third regiment of foot guards, 
 which he joined in Flanders; but returned the next year, and was elected 
 one of the exhibitioners in Baliol College. Soon afterwards he was chosen 
 by Lord Bath to accompany Lord Pulteney, as tutor, on his travels. This 
 was the commencement of his promotion and fortune ; for his patron proved 
 not only a true, but powerful friend. After obtaining three different livings, 
 lie married, in 1752, Miss Dorothy Pershouse; but lost this lady within 
 three months. In 1758 he took his doctor’s degree, and was presented by 
 Lord Bath with the living of Kenley in Shropshire; and in 1760 was 
 appointed one of the king’s chaplains. Lord Bath procured for him a 
 canonry at Windsor in 1762; and at his death in 1764, bequeathed him 
 his valuable library, which however was relinquished to General Pulteney, 
 in consideration of one thousand pounds. The general again bequeathed 
 it to him at his death, and again the same sum was given in order to keep 
 the library in Bath House. Mr. Douglas married in 1765, a second time, 
 Elizabeth, daughter of Henry Rooke, Esq.; and the next year was removed 
 from the chapter of Windsor to that of St. Paul's. In September, 1787, 
 he was promoted to the see of Carlisle, and in 1788 was made Dean of 
 Windsor. These promotions were only preliminary to the more lucrative 
 and distinguished see of Salisbury, to which he was translated, June, 1791; 
 and here he remained till his death, May 18, 1807. His remains were 
 interred in St. George’s Chapel, Windsor. 
 
 John Fisher (57), was selected by his majesty to succeed Bishop 
 Douglas, and was promoted from the see of Exeter to that of Salisbury in 
 1807. He was born in 1748, and early placed in Peter House, Cambridge. 
 In 1773 he was elected a Fellow of St. John’s College in the same univer¬ 
 sity. Being appointed in 1780 one of the preceptors to Prince Edward, 
 Duke of Kent, he thus obtained introduction to court, and was soon 
 nominated one of his majesty’s chaplains. In 1786 he was made Canon 
 of Windsor ; and in 1805 appointed Preceptor to her Royal Highness the 
 Princess Charlotte of Wales. 
 
65 
 
 CHAP. VI. 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF THE FORM, ARRANGEMENT, AND CONSTRUCTION OF THE 
 CHURCH ; ALSO OF ITS EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR STYLE OF DESIGN AND 
 ORNAMENTS ; AND OF THE VARIOUS PORTIONS OF THE EDIFICE, WITH 
 REFERENCE TO THE ACCOMPANYING PRINTS. 
 
 The origin and the time of building Salisbury Cathedral having been already 
 stated, it. now remains for me to describe and define the peculiarities of the 
 edifice, to point out its character as a whole, and to particularise it in detail. 
 This church is remarkable as being the most uniform, regular, and systematic 
 in its arrangement and architecture of any ancient cathedral in England ; and 
 in this respect is also contradistinguished to those on the Continent: for whilst 
 all the others consist of dissimilar, and often heterogeneous parts and styles, 
 that of Salisbury is almost wholly of one species, and of one era of execu¬ 
 tion. It appears not only to have been constructed from one original design, 
 but to have remained to the present day, nearly in the same state it was left 
 by its builders : at least we do not readily perceive any very discordant addi¬ 
 tions, or serious and palpable dilapidations. Hence consistency and har¬ 
 mony are its characteristics ; and from this cause the architectural antiquary 
 must view it with admiration, and investigate its execution with satisfaction, 
 and even with pleasure. Independently of the style, or class of architec¬ 
 ture, and divested of all prepossessions or prejudices in behalf of Grecian, 
 Roman, or other classical examples, as certain edifices are called, the young 
 
 K 
 
66 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 architect is required to scrutinize the present cathedral, for its symmetry, 
 magnitude, and construction. He will do well to analyze his own emotions, 
 after first viewing this noble pile, and endeavour to ascertain the causes of 
 amazement, admiration, or delight, as these may be jointly or separately 
 excited by the object. It is his duty to store his mind with knowledge, to 
 seek for useful information rather from example than from theory : and this 
 cannot be better acquired than from an edifice that has stood the test of eight 
 centuries, is evidently scientific in its design, and bold and original in execution. 
 Such is the church we are now surveying : and therefore I have thought it 
 requisite to represent its general features by perspective views, taken inter¬ 
 nally and externally; and by plans, sections, and details, to show its anatomy, 
 or constructive arrangement, and individual forms. 
 
 The whole of this cathedral may be said to consist of six distinct and 
 separate portions or members :—1. The body of the church :—2. The tower 
 and spire :—3. The cloister :—4. The north porch :—5. The chapter-house : 
 and, 6. The chantries and monuments. Each of these has a peculiar and 
 positive character and appropriation, and each is contradistinguished to the 
 others by marked forms, and dissimilarity in style and ornament. The interior 
 of the church consists of a nave, with two lateral ailes ; a large transept, 
 with an eastern aile branching off from the tower ; a smaller transept, with 
 an aile east of the former ; a choir, with lateral ailes ; a space east of the 
 choir, and a lady chapel at the east end. On the north side of the church 
 is a large porch, with a room over it; and rising from the intersection of 
 the principal transept with the nave is a lofty tower and spire. South of the 
 church is a square cloister, with a library over half of the eastern side; 
 a chapter-house; a consistory court; and an octangular apartment, called 
 the muniment-room. 
 
 Salisbury Cathedral is not only peculiar for its uniformity of style, but is 
 also remarkable for its insulated and unencumbered state and situation; 
 for whilst most of the other great churches of England are obscured and 
 almost enveloped with houses, trees, and walls, that of Salisbury is 
 detached from all extraneous and disfiguring objects, and is thus laid open 
 

 
 
 
EXTERIOR:—NORTH-EAST VIEW. 
 
 67 
 
 to the inspection of the spectator. 1 It is thus rendered easy of access and 
 of examination from several different points of view ; and hence may be 
 studied by the draftsman and architect, from such stations as best display 
 the form and effect of the whole. From this circumstance Salisbury 
 Cathedral is popularly regarded as the finest church in England ; and from 
 the same cause, it is certainly peculiarly imposing on the eye and imagina¬ 
 tion of the stranger. It is customary for visitors to approach it from the 
 east; and having reached the north-east angle of the enclosed cemetery, 
 where the whole edifice is commanded at a single glance, the effect is 
 pleasingly sublime. Plate II. shows it from this station, where it con¬ 
 stitutes at once a beautiful and picturesque mass. A series and succession 
 of pediments, pinnacles, buttresses, windows, and bold projections, crowned 
 with the rich tower and lofty spire, are embraced at one view, and fill the 
 eye and mind as a homogeneous whole. This northern front however is 
 generally monotonous in effect, and to be seen to advantage should be 
 visited when the morning sun lights up one side of the tower and the 
 eastern sides of the transepts, as in the print here referred to ; or when the 
 summer sun is declining in the west, and throws its golden rays on the 
 northern faces of the transepts, and tips the pinnacles and other pro¬ 
 jections with sparkling gleams of brightness. At this time also the recesses 
 are dark and solemn, which enhances the grandeur, and augments the 
 magnitude of the edifice. In the twilight of evening, or when the moon 
 is about forty-five degrees above the western horizon, and displays her 
 
 1 The practice of building houses and offices, and of attaching other objects to cathedrals 
 and churches, cannot be too strongly and unequivocally reprobated. It is not merely offensive 
 to the eye, but is incompatible with the original intent of the architects and founders, and is 
 highly injurious to the stability of an edifice. The Abbey church of Bath, and the Temple church, 
 London, are two glaring instances of this shameful practice; where the owners of the ground, for 
 the paltry consideration of receiving a few pounds annually, have permitted the walls of those 
 churches to be cut away, their windows filled up, drains made into the foundations, and the archi¬ 
 tectural features not only obscured, but partly destroyed. It is really lamentable that such 
 nuisances should be permitted: and it is equally to be regretted that national buildings should be at 
 the mercy and caprice of ignorance and avarice. 
 
 K 2 
 
68 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 silvery face amidst solemn azure and fleecy vapours, then the effect is still 
 more awful and impressive ; the enthusiastic spectator is rivetted to the 
 scene ; his mind wanders in reveries of delight ; and his enraptured imagi¬ 
 nation “ darts from heaven to earth, from earth to heaven,” in rapid and 
 daring flights. Should the deep-toned organ sound at such a moment, and 
 reiterate its solemn music through the ailes, the effect would be infinitely 
 augmented. 
 
 Considered also with relation to architectural and picturesque effect , other 
 points of view may be selected and examined as fine, beautiful, or grand. 
 The East End, Plate III. is a singular instance of symmetrical arrange¬ 
 ment of parts, and may be said to embrace an association of the beautiful, 
 picturesque, and sublime. From the correspondency and harmony of 
 members, the first is produced ; whilst the second may be said to reside in 
 the variety of pinnacles, pediments, surface, and parts, with the pyramidical 
 arrangement of the whole: and the magnitude and loftiness of the transepts, 
 and end of the church, with the misty altitude of the spire, certainly produce 
 a sublime effect. 
 
 The South Side of the edifice corresponds in elevation with the north, 
 but is partly obscured by the chapter-house, the muniment-room, the 
 library, and the cloister. The wall of the latter, indeed, rising very high, 
 and being flat and unornamented, is injurious to the effect of that side. 
 In picturesque and scenic features however this blemish is partly counter¬ 
 acted, by various clumps, single trees, and shrubs, with which the bishop’s 
 garden abounds, and which are disposed with much taste. The extent of 
 this garden, and its park-like appearance, constitute pleasing contrasts and 
 variety to the other views of the cathedral. From the drawing-room 2 of 
 the bishop’s palace the annexed view is sketched, and displays three faces 
 of the chapter-house, part of the great transept, and a turret of the western 
 front. 
 
 This is a noble and elegant apartment, and contains several portraits of the bishops of 
 the see ; the oldest of which is that of Duppa, and the latest that of the present prelate by 
 Northcote. 
 
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 CHAPTER-HOUSE :-WESTERN FRONT. 
 
 Cattermole del . J . Thompson sc. 
 
 CHAPTER-HOUSE. 
 
 Plate VIII. shows part of the south transept, the tower rising from its junc¬ 
 tion, with the nave, part of the cloister, and the staircase and turret to tire 
 roof of the chapter-house, as seen from the cloister. 
 
 In the western fronts of their large churches, the ecclesiastical architects 
 generally exerted their powers to produce novelty, variety, elegance, and 
 grandeur. Those of Wells, York, and Peterborough, are peculiarly interest¬ 
 ing examples : each is dissimilar to the other, but each has its individual 
 and eminent beauty. That of Salisbury is also generally regarded as very 
 fine; but I am willing to allow that it has some positive, and some relative 
 merits; but the one is to be found in parts, and the other when compared 
 with many mean or ordinary facades. Its buttresses, windows, and bold 
 niches are so many elegant features; but the formally square outline of the 
 whole front, as seen in elevation, (Plate V.) cannot be considered either 
 beautiful, picturesque, or pleasing. This point was chosen for the purpose 
 of showing the true architectural design of the front. The colouring of 
 this elevation, when lighted up by the evening sun, and the deep and sharp 
 
70 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 shadows beneath the canopies and behind the buttresses, combine to give 
 great richness, and a brilliant effect to the whole. In the annexed print 
 the artist has successfully attempted to display this effect. This front 
 consists of five divisions, or compartments, of varied decoration, in its 
 perpendicular arrangement; with eight divisions, horizontally, in each of 
 the angular staircase turrets ; six in each of the next compartments; and 
 five in the central division. Four large buttresses, ornamented with cano¬ 
 pied niches, statues, &c. project from the face ; and three lower compart¬ 
 ments between these buttresses are filled by porticoes, or porches, supported 
 on clustered columns. Each of these porticoes has three open arches, 
 crowned with pediments ; and the central arch of each has a corresponding 
 opening, or door-way to the interior, one to the nave, and another to each 
 aile. That of the centre is divided into two equal divisions by a clustered 
 column, over which are three niches, originally intended for statues. On 
 the right and left of this door-way are some blank arches, supported by 
 clustered columns ; the capitals of which are sculptured, to imitate various 
 foliage. Plate XVI. No. 4. displays three of these capitals, with the 
 deeply-cut archivolt mouldings of the arches. The remaining features of 
 the west front may be said to consist of a principal central window, 
 divided into three lights, communicating light to the nave; two double 
 windows in the pediment above, opening to the space between the lead roof 
 and arched roof; a single window of two lights, over the lateral porches, 
 and opening to the ailes; two other windows of double lights, communi¬ 
 cating to the galleries over the ailes : besides which there is a great number 
 of niches with bold canopies, a few statues, pedestals for others, and a 
 band of lozenge-shaped mouldings, with quatrefoil panels, extending 
 horizontally across two divisions of the front, and returning round the 
 turrets. As the architect could not continue this ornament in a straight 
 line, through the middle compartment, he has raised it over the windows, 
 and thus contrived to fill a space that would otherwise have been blank. 
 The eastern side of the western front, with its ground plan, are shown in 
 Plate XVIII. which also displays a sectional representation of the form 
 and construction of the walls and buttresses, the vaulting of the nave and 
 
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NORTH PORCH, TOWER, AND SPIRE. 
 
 71 
 
 the ailes, the space and timber work between the vault and roofs, with an 
 elevation of the interior west end of the nave and ailes. The accompanying 
 plan shows the walls, a window on the north side with its central mullion and 
 detached columns, the staircases, projection of the buttresses, proportion and 
 situations of the clustered columns of the nave, direction of the groined 
 ribs in the vaults, with the door-way, &c. to the consistory court, from the 
 south aile. 
 
 The North Porch, Plate IV. projects from the northern aile, near the west 
 end ; and both in the ground plan and general views, it appears a discordant 
 and extraneous object. It neither assimilates with the elevation, nor is it sup¬ 
 ported by any corresponding appendage . 3 As a single architectural object it 
 is however beautiful, both internally and externally; and is in the same style 
 as the western front. 
 
 The Tower, (see Plates VII. and XXII.) rising from the roof, and 
 near the centre of the church, consists of three divisions ; and its whole 
 surface is decorated with pilasters, columns, arches, panels, crocketed 
 pediments, foliated pinnacles, and three different and varied bands or 
 parapets. Each angle of this tower is crowned with an octangular spire 
 turret, having an embattled base, and ornamented with knobs at each angle. 
 Connected with these, and disposed to unite them with the spire, are four 
 ornamented members, charged with knobs, pinnacles, crockets, and finials. 
 The octangular Spire rises from the centre of the tower: four of its sides 
 rest on the walls of the tower, and four on arches raised at the angles. 
 At this place the wall of the tower is five feet in thickness; two of which 
 are occupied by the base of the spire, two by a passage round, and one by 
 the parapet. The wall of this spire gradually diminishes in thickness for 
 about twenty feet above the tower, where it is reduced to nine inches, and 
 
 3 In buildings, and most artificial objects, the eye requires uniformity and symmetry; whereas in 
 the great features of nature, and in scenery, we wish to see variety and intricacy. If a house be 
 built with two wings, these should be uniform; but nature never forms two trees, two mountains, or 
 two cascades alike. The architects of our great churches generally united this parallelism of parts 
 with variety; and from the magnitude of their works, thus combined in one structure the elements 
 of beauty and sublimity. 
 
72 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 is continued of that thickness to the summit. The timber framing within 
 is curiously and ingeniously contrived. Externally the spire is ornamented 
 with ribs at every angle, each of which has two rows of knobs attached 
 to it. The spire is divided into four nearly equal portions, by bands of 
 tracery, panels, &c.; and at the base are four decorated door ways to the 
 parapet of the tower. The two uppermost divisions, or stories of the 
 
 tower, and the whole of the spire, are evidently of later erection than the 
 
 church, or of the lower story of the tower; the style of architecture is 
 
 more enriched; and in the forms and ornaments of the pediments, pinna¬ 
 
 cles, and open parapets, they resemble the much-admired Crosses 4 raised by 
 King Edward I. and other works erected at the end of the thirteenth century. 
 It seems that the architect of this spire was ambitious of carrying its apex 
 higher than any similar building of stone 5 in England; and though it is 
 not of equal altitude to that of St. Stephens Church at Vienna, or that of 
 Strasburgh, 6 yet its vast height has rendered it an object of popular 
 wonderment, as well as of great curiosity and interest to the architect. 
 From the ground to the highest point it is four hundred and four feet, as 
 ascertained by Colonel Wyndham in 1684. Other accounts state it at four 
 
 4 See these represented and described in the first volume of “ the Architectural Antiquities of 
 Great Britain.” In Dodsworth’s “ Account,” the erection of the spire is referred to the beginning 
 of Edward the Third's reign; when some great alterations were certainly effected about the 
 church. In 1331 that monarch granted his letters patent to the Bishop, &c. of Salisbury, to 
 remove the stones and other materials from the deserted cathedral of Old Sarum, “ for the im¬ 
 provement of the church of New Sarum, and the close thereunto belonging.” These materials 
 appear rather to have been employed in raising a lofty embattled wall round the close, than in the 
 construction of the spire ; for in the present walls of the bishop’s garden, we perceive many sculp¬ 
 tured stones with Norman ornaments, &c. 
 
 5 The spire of the church of Old St. Paul's, London, said to have been constructed in 1221, 
 was five hundred and twenty feet in height; but it consisted mostly, if not wholly, of timber and 
 lead. The height, to the top of the cross of the present dome, is three hundred and seventy feet. 
 (See History and Description of St. Paul’s Church, &c. by Edmund Aikin, Architect; with Plans, 
 Elevation, Section, &c.; 4to. 1813.) The great column of London, called “ the Monument,” 
 is two hundred and two feet high; just half the height of the spire of Salisbury. 
 
 6 That of Strasburgh is said to be four hundred and fifty-six feet in height; and that of Vienna, 
 four hundred and sixty-five feet. 
 
TOWER AND SPIRE. 
 
 73 
 
 hundred, and at four hundred and ten feet; but the colonel appears to have 
 been careful and scientific in his operations: and from the height of the 
 object, and its complicated timber-work and floor, it is scarcely possible 
 to be specific to two or three inches. In designing this tower and spire, as 
 supplementary to the former work, the architect evinced an original and 
 daring genius: he seems to have spurned at precedent, and boldly deter¬ 
 mined to raise a lofty edifice in the upper regions, and create a foundation 
 for it far above the earth. To have made plans, designs, or models for the 
 whole tower and spire, ah origine, would not have been difficult or surprising; 
 but to determine on such a thing, after the tower had been built, and 
 its foundation had received its destined load, was an act of enthusiasm 
 bordering on infatuation. Such however are the amazing powers of the 
 human mind when inspired by genius and governed by science, that 
 apparent impossibilities can be surmounted, and prodigies of art effected. 
 To raise the tower and spire, as now executed, it was necessary to strengthen 
 and sustain the older work with numerous buttresses, iron braces, and 
 other contrivances ; for the old wall was slight and thin, as more than half 
 of its thickness was occupied by a corridore, or open gallery. It was 
 also perforated by eight door-ways, as many windows, and four staircases 
 at the angles. Price, in his “ Observations,” says, that “ one hundred and 
 twelve additional supports, exclusive of bandages of iron, were introduced 
 into this part of the tower.” The windows were filled up, and three 
 hundred and eighty-seven superficial feet of new foundation were formed. 
 At the same time it is presumed that the arches and counter arches were 
 raised across the small transept. (See Plate XI.) “ All these circum¬ 
 stances together,” Price observes, “ are enough to frighten any man in his 
 senses from pursuing so rash and dangerous an undertaking;” yet the archi¬ 
 tect prosecuted and completed the arduous task. It has now braved the 
 storms and tempests of more than five centuries, and if carefully super¬ 
 intended may remain double that length of time. That a structure of such 
 altitude and dimensions should have swerved from the perpendicular is not 
 surprising, and we accordingly find that a settlement has taken place at 
 the western side, or rather in the piers or clustered columns under the 
 
 L 
 
74 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 north-western and south-western angles of the tower. This appears to have 
 been discovered soon after the work was completed; and various methods 
 have been employed, at different times, to ascertain the precise extent of 
 the declination, and to counteract its danger. By the examination and 
 account of Price, we learn that at the top of the parapet of the tower, the 
 wall declines nine inches to the south, and three inches and three-eighths to 
 the west; whilst at the capstone of the spire, the declination is twenty-four 
 inches and a half to the south, and sixteen and a quarter to the west. 
 
 Although this spire is an object of popular and scientific curiosity, it 
 cannot be properly regarded as beautiful or elegant, either in itself, or as 
 a member of the edifice to which it belongs. A maypole or a poplar tree, a 
 pyramid or a plain single column, can never satisfy the eye of an artist, or 
 be viewed with pleasure by the man of taste. Either may be a beautiful 
 accessary, or be pleasing in association with other forms. The tall thin 
 spire is also far from being an elegant object. Divest it of its ornamental 
 bands, crockets, and pinnacles, it will be tasteless and formal; as we may 
 see exemplified in the pitiful obelisk in the centre of Queen-Square, Bath; 
 but associate it with proportionate pinnacles, or other appropriate forms, and 
 like the spire of St. Mary’s Church in Oxford, and that of the south-western 
 tower at Peterborough Cathedral, we are then gratified. 
 
 The Cloister occupies a square area on the south side of the nave of 
 the church, and extends from the transept to the west end. It is separated 
 from the church by an open space called the plumbery, and consists of a 
 continued arcade, with a wall on one side, and a series of windows or 
 openings, between buttresses, on the other. The arched roof has one 
 moulding or rib, springing from clustered capitals on the open side, and 
 resting on the capital of a single shaft at the enclosed side. Two other 
 ribs intersect each other at the centre of each arch, and are there adorned 
 with a sculptured boss. One of these bosses, in the compartment next to 
 the chapter-house, is represented in Plate XVI. No. 2; a plan of the 
 cloister is given in Plate I.; and a view of it from the north-east angle 
 in Plate XXI. Each window consists of four openings, divided by a 
 clustered column in the centre, and two single shafts. A plan of one of 
 

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CHAPTER-HOUSE. 
 
 75 
 
 the buttresses, with a series of eleven small shafts attached, &c. is shown 
 in Plate I. Fig. vri. The upper portion of each window, in the cloister 
 above the capitals, appears to have been glazed originally, as the mullions 
 are provided with rebates for the glass. Branching out of the cloister, on 
 the east side, is a Vestibule , or entrance to 
 
 The Chapter-House; which is an interesting building, and is highly 
 curious and beautiful internally, for its style, disposition, and ornaments. 7 
 It is of an octagonal form, having six sides of nearly corresponding 
 character, and two others of different forms and appropriation. A stone 
 seat and plinth continue round seven of the sides, but these members are 
 discontinued at the entrance. At the east end this seat is raised one step 
 above that at the other sides, and the back is divided into seven compart¬ 
 ments, or deep niches, which were originally intended for the bishop and six 
 principal dignitaries; whilst the other niches, or rather panels, amounting to 
 thirty in number, were appropriated as seats to the canons ; and one seat on 
 each side of the entrance was for the chancellor and treasurer. The capitals, 
 archivolt mouldings, and a series of sculpture above the arches, are executed 
 in an elaborate, and some of them in an elegant manner. In Plate XVII. 
 six of these capitals are represented : two of which, 4 and 6, are from the 
 east end ; and 5 is a capital at the back of the niche. Over the capitals 
 is a series of busts, or bracket heads, which are continued all round the 
 edifice, and which are curious for their diversity of forms, characters, and 
 expression : three of these are shown in the title-page, and four others in 
 Plate XXIII.; in which print are represented four different compartments 
 of the sculpture , with the style of the mouldings of the arches. Two of 
 these groups, in the lower compartment, are distinguished by simplicity, 
 and apposite appropriation of their forms, grouping, drapery, and general 
 expression. Beneath the arches there were formerly circular paintings ; 
 and it is probable that the whole interior of the Chapter-house was 
 
 7 “ Nothing in Architecture,” observes the judicious Gilpin, “ I think can be more pleasing than 
 these buildings; nor does any thing militate so much against a servile attachment to the five orders. 
 The Greek and Roman architecture no doubt possess great beauty; but why should we suppose them 
 to possess all beauty?” Western Counties, p. 63. 
 
 L 2 
 
76 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 originally painted, gilt, and otherwise embellished : the floor was also formed 
 of glazed tiles, most of which still remain. Fancy can partly draw a 
 picture of this noble and highly-embellished apartment: when a “ dim 
 religious light,” passing through the many-coloured stained glass, refracted 
 a countless variety of tints on the painted surface of the walls, and which 
 harmonizing with the glazed floor, and with a vaulted roof perfectly in 
 unison, must have produced a coup-d‘oeil of transcendent richness and 
 splendour. It is lighted by eight windows opening between so many 
 buttresses. 8 These windows consist each of four lights, divided by three 
 mullions of tall thin shafts. The large arch is filled by a circular moulding, 
 enclosing another moulding, formed into eight portions of circles. Two 
 other circles, including quatrefoil mouldings, fill up the centres of two other 
 arches. See Plate XIV. being a view of the Chapter-House from the east 
 side, looking west, and showing the central clustered column, the old 
 chapter table, the lower tier of niches, clustered columns against the 
 buttresses, the mullions and forms of the windows, the form and tracery of 
 the roof, and the entrance compartment. Part of the latter is displayed 
 more at large in the title-page , which consists of circular mouldings, four 
 emblems of the evangelists, and a blank quatrefoil panel. The latter formerly 
 contained some piece of sculpture, probably the crucifixion ; but this, and 
 much of the sculpture, stained glass, and painting, were probably destroyed 
 and defaced when the Cromwellian commissioners, with their soldiers and 
 
 horses, were quartered in this church, and when these vulgar and brutal 
 
 fanatics thought it meritorious to annihilate or mutilate every object of art 
 and taste. The arch on the outside of the entrance is adorned with a 
 series of fourteen small niches and statues, disposed in a hollow moulding: 
 these statues are representative of various Catholic punishments. Imme¬ 
 diately over the central column of this entrance is the elegant bracket 
 delineated in Plate XVI. No. 1. Another capital of the Chapter-house is 
 shown, No. 3, in the same plate; and four other examples, Plate XVII. 
 
 8 A plan of one of these, with thirteen attached shafts, is shown in Plate I. No. 1 ; and the 
 
 centre cluster, of one large and eight smaller columns, is seen at 8 in the same plate; 6. shows the 
 columns, &c. at the side of the entrance door-way. 
 
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CATHE BRAIL .ANTIiplDITIES 
 
 ■t n<) by Ji. CatGermolc torjjrar^ns Jlvto 
 
 Salisbury CathedraT 
 
 ^AM§IMiW CT-AT-ISDEjEDMAIL CMTLJIRCT, 
 
 /leva lion k Section o/ one Compartment of the JSTave* at the ~WestJEnd 
 
 London. Pub/.ished.'AHiyujStS bvJLorurmtUh <£■ C‘LThternostcr Row. 
 
interior:—NAVE :-GREAT transept. 
 
 77 
 
 Nos. 1, 2, 8, and 9. No. 3 is a specimen of sculpture over the arches within 
 the entrance. 
 
 The Interior of the Church , though not so grand, picturesque, and diver¬ 
 sified as many other cathedrals, possesses several elegant parts, and interesting 
 objects. The uniformity of style and surface renders it rather monotonous ; 
 but the character of simplicity, unity, and harmony that prevails, pleases 
 the eye and gratifies the mind. An air of loftiness and lightness pervades 
 the whole ; whilst neatness and sacredness are apparent in every part. 
 Salisbury Cathedral indeed is justly pre-eminent for the latter ; and for this 
 its officers are entitled to commendation. By referring to the ground plan, 
 and views of the interior, with the aid of a few descriptive particulars, 
 it is hoped that the reader will clearly understand the whole and its sub¬ 
 divisions. 
 
 The Nave, Plate XX. is shewn in a slight etching, as best calculated to 
 define the forms of the columns, capitals, and bases ; with the succession of 
 arched mouldings, groining of the vaulting, and lengthened perspective. It is 
 lofty and narrow, and consists of a series of ten arches on each side, with 
 nine groups of clustered columns. Over these arches is another series of 
 arches, opening to a gallery over the side aile ; and the third, or upper divi¬ 
 sion, called the clere-story, has a succession of glazed windows of three lights 
 each. An elevation of or,e compartment of the nave, internally and exter¬ 
 nally, is delineated Plate XIX. and a Plan of it is given in Plate XVIII. 
 
 The Great Transept is illustrated by Plates IX. X. XII. and XXII. ; 
 the latter of which shews two of the interior flying buttresses, on the north 
 side, that were constructed to support and strengthen the tower when the 
 spire was raised ; also the timber work of the roof on the same side, the 
 large external flying buttresses on the south side, the interior and exterior 
 extent of the transept, with the forms, proportions, and situations of the 
 arches, windows, buttresses, See. At the right hand side is shewn a section 
 of the cloister, with one compartment of the library over it. In the centre 
 is the modern organ-screen and loft raised by Mr. Wyatt; but the organ has 
 been omitted, to display the arches at the east end of the choir. In Plate 
 XII. are delineated two compartments of arches, Sec. on the east side north 
 
78 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 of the tower of this transept; also two elegant buttress screens under the 
 tower, the tracery beneath the latter and its ornamented arches, with the 
 organ-loft, organ, part of the choir, &c. The view in Plate IX is taken 
 from the side aile of this transept, looking north west, and shows a fine 
 monument in the foreground, a clustered column, with its incumbent arch 
 cut into numerous mouldings, one of the large clustered piers under the 
 tower, the southern screen, and a view into the nave, and its south aile, &c. 
 Plate X. displays the forms, proportions, and architectural features of the 
 southern end of the great transept, which is almost a fac simile of the 
 opposite extremity: in elevation it consists of four portions of various 
 windows, the uppermost of which is in the gable between the vaulted and 
 leaden roof. This print serves to define the profile forms and projections 
 of the buttresses; one of which rises to the parapet on the west side, and 
 the other is terminated by a pinnacle, and attached to a flying buttress. 
 By th is mode of delineation are displayed the thickness and substance of 
 the walls, vaulting, mouldings of arches and windows, and many other 
 features, in their true geometrical proportions. The door-way on the right 
 hand is the entrance to the library, and to the staircase turret at the south¬ 
 west angle. Beneath the aile window is a piscina , showing that there was 
 formerly an altar at that place. To the east of this great transept is the 
 choir, with its two ailes, &c. which are separated from the western part of 
 the church by iron rails, and by a stone organ-screen. The latter was 
 designed by Mr. Wyatt, and is composed of various parts of the Hunger- 
 ford and Beauchamp chapels, which were taken down in 1780. A new 
 organ was built at the same time by Mr. Green, and was presented to the 
 church by the king. The first view of the Choir , after passing the 
 screen, is at once truly fine and imposing. On each side is a series of 
 stalls and seats; the canopies of which are ornamented with crocheted 
 pinnacles, pediments, &c. About midway, on the right hand, is the bishop's 
 throne; the upper part of which consists of three stories, or tiers of 
 canopies, elaborately covered with ogee arches, pinnacles, crockets, &c. 
 and the whole is terminated with a crown and rich finial. Opposite is the 
 pulpit; and further, on the same side, is the elegant chantry chapel of 
 
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 ibrJirittonJs \ 
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 SaUSbioy CarJisdral 
 
 Sailedib iDriiof <caot2E3©3ra3l (£nrra,(DiEL 
 
 YHEWI10M TIE §OFTH IT i AW &TKTP’T. XOCUBT^ z^r/w: 
 
 To ZOUISA.MJRCHIONESS ofZJTTSDCfWNE, who has evinced- a partiality for, and knowledge ofJbehitecli ircd Antiquities, thisT/ate is most respectfully msciihcd 
 
 . ZTrittoii. 
 

HEiDlXAL A1TTIOFITIE 3. 
 
 92 -fat 
 
 a Drawing by R.Catarrrwle fa Brittons History !ce. cfSalisbury Cathedral. 
 
 Oft 
 
 M 
 
 SALES©TOY CATMEM&AL OTTOOTL 
 
 Hie i '/.morb Sc SecdoTi, of the end of die South Transept. 
 
 XoridonJPuhlLhed Jiily o.j. 8 i 5 .bvZongnum kC.'XmrnositrJtaw. 
 
LADY CHAPEL:—PAINTED WINDOWS. 
 
 79 
 
 Bishop Audley. Facing this is another chantry, surrounded by iron rails, 
 and painted with numerous armorial insignia of the Hungerford family. 
 The east end of the choir is terminated by three lofty arches, rising from 
 clustered columns. Over these is a gallery, in the wall, opening to the choir 
 by five arches ; and above these is a window of three lights, filled with 
 painted glass. 9 The choir and lady chapel are now united, and constitute 
 one open space, by the three arches just named. These arches were for¬ 
 merly filled by a screen, and thus the lady chapel and choir were separated 
 from each other. Among the great alterations and improvements effected 
 under Bishop Barrington, it was thought advisable to remove this screen, 
 and place the altar-table at the extremity of the chapel. This “innovation,’ 
 or novelty in cathedral arrangement, greatly offended the advocates for old 
 systems, the Roman Catholic clergy, and other persons, who were more 
 officious than discriminating. The Gentleman’s Magazine, and separate 
 pamphlets, were employed in a controversy on the subject : and, as com¬ 
 monly happens on such occasions, each party was partial, vehement, and 
 indiscriminating. The advocates for the alterations vindicated and ap¬ 
 plauded every change ; whilst their opponents pronounced each novelty to 
 be unjustifiable, absurd, and even subversive of beauty and congruity. 10 
 Uninfluenced by either party, and unbiassed by sectarian or professional 
 prejudice, I must take the liberty to remark, that in the place of three 
 chapels, of different styles and ages, and several monuments and objects 
 
 9 This window was executed by Pearson, from a design by Mortimer, and was presented to the 
 church by the Earl of Radnor. It represents the event of the Israelites raising the Brazen Ser¬ 
 pent in the Wilderness ; and is a fair specimen of the respective talents of the two artists. It is 
 wanting in repose and solemnity of effect; and in this respect very inferior to the window which 
 was executed by Egginton, from a design of Sir Joshua Reynolds. The contrast between the 
 latter, and the great window at the west end of the church, is strong and glaring : whilst one is 
 all fritter and gaudiness, the other is harmonious, and awfully grand. One is suited to a church, 
 but the other only to a ball-room. 
 
 10 It is supposed that many anonymous letters were written by Mr. Gough, Mr. Wyatt, and 
 Mr. Carter, in the Gentleman’s Magazine, vols. lix. and lx.; whilst Dr. Milner published his 
 opinions and strictures in a separate quarto pamphlet, and repeated some of these in his History 
 &c. of Winchester, 
 
80 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 indiscriminately jumbled together, which were the features of the east end 
 before the alterations, we have now one lady chapel, in the form and pro¬ 
 portions as originally erected, and this form and these proportions remark¬ 
 able for simplicity, symmetry, and beauty. The greatest objection to the 
 present plan is the distance of the altar from the choir; and this is certainly 
 not only inconvenient, but contrary to the intent and utility of communion. 
 This might be easily remedied by placing the altar at the east end of the 
 choir, and forming a low appropriate stone screen between the columns. 
 The annexed view, Plate XXIV. is taken from the south aile, looking north¬ 
 east, and shews the small clustered columns, and the single shafts, all of 
 purbeck marble, with their corresponding archivolt mouldings and ribs: 
 also the altar-table, with its screen ; the painted window, representing Christ 
 rising from the tomb ; and a series of niches against the north wall. The 
 elegant sculptured parts of these niches, with a series of very fine small 
 busts, and the beautiful niches and brackets adjoining the altar, formed parts 
 of the Hungerford and Beauchamp chapels. The whole of the shafts, capi¬ 
 tals, and bases of the small columns in this part of the church, are of purbeck 
 marble, are polished to a fine surface, and are mostly in a very perfect state. 
 They are nearly thirty feet in height. 
 
 Price describes this chapel “ as a specimen of the vast boldness of the 
 architect, who certainly piqued himself upon his leaving to posterity an 
 instance of such small pillars bearing so great a load as the vaulted ceiling : 
 and at the same time, one would not have supposed them to have stood so 
 firm of themselves as even to resist the force of an ordinary wind.” He 
 also conjectures that these small shafts must have been originally supported 
 by frames of timber, carefully contrived, which remained till the “ vaulting 
 was finished, and thoroughly consolidated together.” It should be observed, 
 as a subject of curiosity to the modern architect, and as complimentary 
 to the original builder, that the small purbeck shafts consist of one, two, or 
 three stones, whilst the central parts of the large columns are composed 
 of several rows, or layers of small squared stones, laid with mortar. It is 
 evident that the latter must have been pressed down and settled some 
 inches by the incumbent weight, whilst the former would continue as 
 
Tiew of-tfieJSTortii Aisle, fa. loolany West. 
 
 This Tlsvte is respectfully inscrtf’ed iy , Tj.flh.or 
 
 TO THE JTEV 11 WfjO O UGZTLi 
 
NORTH SMALL TRANSEPT. 
 
 81 
 
 originally placed. Had these two members been raised at the same time, and 
 precisely of the same height, when the compounded column sank by pressure, 
 the other must have split, or bent, or snapped. In other parts of the church we 
 thus find some of the purbeck shafts either shivered to pieces or broken. The 
 principal walls of the whole edifice are composed of a fine durable stone 
 obtained from Chilmark in Wiltshire. 
 
 Plate XIII. is a view of the north aile of the choir looking west, and shows 
 the east and north sides of the Audley chantry, the clustered columns and 
 arches on the north side of the choir, the bishop's throne, with the form and 
 ribs of the vaulting of the aile. 
 
 Plate XI. is a view taken from the small northern transept looking south, 
 and comprises several features in this portion of the church. In the fore¬ 
 ground is a wooden open screen, separating the transept from the aile. Close 
 to the first clustered column is an altar monument, supporting the effigy of 
 Bishop Poore ; near which is a piscina and an ambre, or cupboard for holy 
 vessels, attached to an altar. Beyond the screen, on the left hand, is seen the 
 square top of the Audley chantry, and the pyramidical apex of a monument 
 ascribed to Bishop Bingham. Near this is a pier surrounded by several small 
 shafts, from which rise three separate arches. One of these, supporting an 
 inverted arch , appears to have been raised subsequent to the original work, 
 and has a corresponding arch on the opposite side of the choir. These 
 were probably erected when the upper part of the tower and the spire were 
 built; and intended as buttresses or supports to the wall and columns on 
 the eastern side of the tower. Under the central tower in Wells Cathedral 
 there are similar arches, but they are very unusual. The capitals are adorned 
 with sculptured foliage (see fig. 2, in the wood-cut in the following page), 
 beneath which is its plan : the right hand side shows the later work, where 
 there are only half instead of whole columns. Fig. 1, with the plan, shows the 
 forms of the capitals and bases of the other columns of this transept. 
 
82 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 In this northern transept is a very fine and curious lavatory; also a niche, 
 with an elaborate canopy, finials, &c.; and part of the old organ-screen , two 
 niches of which are represented in Plate XV. The capitals of this are very 
 bold and elegant; whilst the mouldings of the arches, with the various busts 
 and foliage, resemble the style of the west front and the chapter-house. 
 
 Plates VI. and XXV. display some of the exterior parts on a larger 
 scale than they could be represented in the general views. Plate VI. a. 
 pinnacle, buttress, parapet, roof, and water table at the south-east angle 
 of the small transept: b. pinnacle at the north-east angle of the choir: c. 
 staircase turret, covered with tracery, and crowned by five pinnacles, at the 
 north-west angle of the west front. This is the same as shown in the north 
 porch, Plate IV. and also in Plate XVIII.; but in the latter the centre pin¬ 
 nacle or spire appears much taller, from being drawn geometrically : d. a 
 pinnacle, with crocheted pinnacles attached, &c. at the north-east angle of 
 the aile of the great transept. This appears to be about the age of Henry the 
 Sixth. 
 
 Plate XXV. a. pinnacle at the angle of the north porch, with the crown 
 of a buttress, and crockets running up the coping stones : b. portion of the 
 top of the original tower, terminated by an embattled moulding. The 
 union of this with the later work is shown in Plate XXII. : c. pediment 
 
^ JO-MJEIAKAIL -BiM iJL JLUKS 
 
 SAM^MmY <£AT)Hl®Iig.AIL dEHUI&OSi;, 
 
 jPuujmcies Sec. 
 
CA.THEMAL ANTMJ1DITIE S. 
 
ALTARS. 
 
 83 
 
 with blank windows, buttress, crockets, one of which is drawn larger, g. at the 
 east end of the lady chapel : d. e. f. h. and i. various sculptured crosses and 
 finials to other pediments. 
 
 Having pointed out the principal features of the building, as represented in 
 the accompanying prints, it remains now to offer a few remarks explanatory of 
 the ground plan, and then conclude with an enumeration and some account of 
 the monuments. 
 
 Immediately after building the church, it appears there were three Altars 
 consecrated at the east end, by Bishop Poore; but subsequently others were 
 founded, and respectively dedicated to St. Martin, St. Mary Magdalen, 
 St. Thomas the Martyr, St. Edmund, St. Andrew, St. Anne, and one called the 
 Morning Altar. Another to the Holy Relics was founded by Bishop Waltham. 
 John Thatten founded one in 1433, under the united patronage of the 
 blessed Virgin, St. Dionisius, and St. Lawrence. “ At these altars the 
 following chantries were established :•—that of Bishop Bridport, in 1263, at 
 the altar of St. Mary Magdalen ; of Bishop Longspee, at the altar of 
 St. Stephen; of Henry Blundesdon, in 1335, at the altar of St. Thomas the 
 Martyr; of Roger and John Clown, before 1390; of Bishop Chandler, in 
 1394, at the altar of St. Andrew; of Robert de Carwyle, canon and 
 treasurer, at the altar of the holy relics ; of Bishop Metford, about 1406 ; 
 and, finally, the Hulse Chantry, which was founded between 1430 and the 
 reformation.” 11 
 
 Walter, Lord Hungerford, after making liberal grants for repairing the 
 spire, enclosed a space as a chantry-chapel between two pillars on the 
 north side of the nave, near the tower, for two priests to celebrate two 
 masses daily, besides the morning service. 12 In 1470, Margaret, relict of 
 
 11 In the time of Edward VI. when these were suppressed, the Blundesdon Chantry was 
 possessed of 12 oz. of plate, and of clear value of land, £9. 5s. 9 d. with goods and ornaments 4s. ; the 
 Audley Chantry had 30 oz. of plate, land £16. 18s. 6d. and goods and ornaments £1. Is. ; Cloivn 
 Chantry had 13oz. of plate, land £6. 16s. 10c?. goods, &c. 2s. 6c?. ; Hungerford Chantry, plate 
 26 oz. land £16. 13s. 4c?. goods, &c. £1. 6s. 6c?.; Walter Hungerford’s Chantry, plate 10 oz. 
 land £17. 6s. 8 d. goods, &c. 12s. 4c?.; Hulse Cliantiy, plate 6oz. land £9. 6s. 8c?. goods, &c. 
 6s. 6d .; Waltham's Chantry, plate 9 oz. lands £5. 6s. 8c?. goods, &c. 13s. 4c?. Dodsworth “ His¬ 
 torical Account,” p. 168, from the Chapter Records. 
 
 12 Dugdale’s Baronage, vol. ii. 
 
 M 2 
 
84 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Robert, Lord Hnngerford, erected another chantry chapel on the north 
 side of the lady chapel. At the beginning of the following century, Bishop 
 Audley raised an elegant chantry chapel at the south-east end of the choir; 
 and this is the only perfect specimen of that species of monument now left 
 in the church. 
 
 In the reign of Henry VIII. the commissioners, or visitors of this church, 
 inquired, among oilier things, if “the Book of Customs, attributed to 
 Osmund, was genuine?" Tins was answered in the affirmative; and, at the 
 same time, an inventory of the jewels and riches of the cathedral was 
 delivered by the treasurer. 13 By an ancient mass book, about the age of 
 
 n The furniture and appendages were splendid and costly, as appears by this Inventory ; the 
 chioj articles of which I shall proceed to specify, with their original names and descriptions. 
 The whole inventory occupies .seventeen pages in “The Antiquitates Sarisburienses.” 1. Imagines : 
 one of the Deity, “ with our Savior, young-,” 74 oz.; one of our lady, 50 oz.: another “ g-rate and 
 fair vmage of Seynt Osmund,'’ 83 oz. of silver, gilt, and “ ornate*” with precious stones and pearls. 
 2. Cistce cum reliquiis: one chest, “ cleanly made,” covered with cloth of gold, shields of noble¬ 
 men set with pearls, with lock, “ gemmels,” and key, silver and gilt: another painted and gilt, 
 with precious stones and knobs of glass, “ broidered with coral, and painted within like silver.’ 
 Several other chests are specified; one of which contained “ relicks of the eleven thousand 
 virgins in four purses, with this scripture, Ex clono domini Asserii.” 3. Pyxides : several of these 
 are mentioned, of ivory, silver, crystal, &c.; one of which contained “ the chain wherwyth St. 
 Catharine bound the devil.” 4. Cruces: one a cross flory of gold and silver, standing on four 
 lions, and having “part of our Saviour’s cross; with plates of gold, and many stones of divers 
 colours, and pearls.” A great cross, silver and gilt, with images, &c. weighing 180 oz. 5. 
 Calices, silver and gilt, with patens, spoons, &c. Eleven of these chalices are named, &c. one 
 of which weighed 76oz. 6. Feretra: one “ feretrum, silver and gilt, with one cross isle and 
 one steeple in the middle, and one cross in the top, with twenty pinnacles, and an ymage of our 
 lady in one end, and an ymage of Seynt Martin in the other; it is set in a table of wood, and 
 a thing in the middle to putin the sacrament when it is born; weighing 503 oz.” 7. Candelabra: 
 one candlestick, silver and gilt, “ with dyvers ymages eight great and fair candlesticks of 
 gold, “ curiously ornate with dyvers workings and chasings in each of them; weighing 642oz. ;” 
 two others given by Bishop Poore; four with curious jewels and precious stones, given by 
 Richard Durnford. 8. Philateria: one of crystal, three of silver, gilt, and containing among 
 other relics, a tooth of St. Macarius, and a jawbone of St. Stephen, &c. 2. Tabernacula cum 
 reliquiis: a tabernacle of ivory, with an image of our lady in the middle, the salutation in one 
 leaf, and the nativity of our lady in the other. Another tabernacle of ivory, and two others of 
 wood, “ ornate with silver, with the breast bone of St. Eugenius, and dyvers precious relicks.” 
 10. Ampulla cum reliquiis: eight of these are specified, of crystal with silver, and containing 
 1 See Milton's Sampson Agonistes, Newton’s Edition, 1766, vol. ii. p. 259. 
 
ANCIENT RELICS. 
 
 85 
 
 Edward IV. it appears that this church possessed no less than two hundred 
 and thirty-four sacred relics, divided into four classes, of apostles, martyrs, 
 confessors, and virgins. In the same book is a list of those benefactors who 
 were regularly commemorated in the prayers of the church. 
 
 Leland (Itin. iii. 80.) has preserved extracts from the Martyrologe, showing 
 that Alicia, heiress of the powerful family of Brewer, granted all the stone 
 required for this church during twelve years. He also commemorates 
 Helias de Derham, the friend of Bishop Poore, as the superintendant, or 
 architect of the works, for twenty-five years : and, for the same time, Robert 
 is named as chief mason or builder. After Poore’s death the church was 
 prosecuted by his successor, Bingham, who obtained a royal grant, to appro¬ 
 priate the produce of all fines due to the dean and canons for the use of the 
 new fabric. In 1244 the Archbishop of Canterbury granted an indulgence 
 of forty days to such persons as contributed to “ the new and wonderful 
 structure; ” which, they observe, “ now begins to rise, and cannot be com¬ 
 pleted without the assistance of the faithful.” 14 
 
 “a toe of St. Mary Magdalen, a tooth of St. Anne,” &c. 11 . Thuribula : fourteen pairs of 
 
 censers are mentioned under this head, ornamented with leopards’ heads, windows, pinnacles, 
 rings, chains, and bosses. 12. Chrismatoria : six silver, gilt, enamelled, &c. having two pots 
 for oyl and cream. 13. Casulce and Capa: under this head are enumerated forty copes and 
 sixteen chesibles of cloth of gold, white satin, white velvet, red velvet, &c. all ornamented 
 with images, and tabernacles of gold; “ powdered with lyons, ostrages, troifoils, flower de 
 luces, and dyvers armes.” 14. Mitra: eleven mitres, four of which were “ garnished with 
 stones in a curious wyse.” 15. Pelves: four basins with trefoils within, pounced and chased in 
 the midst with a falcon of gold; a fat of silver for holy water, a saucer, a squared sconce, 
 two phyals, a calefactory, &c. 16. Serta: being five garlands, silver gilt, with stones, &c. 
 17. Panni pro Surnmo Altari: consisting of twelve cloths of gold, purpure and gold, white, 
 blue velvet, red velvet, &c. all richly adorned with images, &c. 18. Morsi: twelve of these 
 
 are named of silver, gilt, copper, plated upon wood, and enamelled. 19. Textus Evangeliorum : 
 a text after John, gilt with gold, and having precious stones, and the relicks of divers saints, 
 given by Hubert de Burgh ; another after St. Matthew ; a third after St. Mark; and others of Lent 
 and Passion. 20. Casulce et Capce viridis coloris : three copes of green cloth of gold, &c. and 
 five chesibles, “ with two tunicles of one suit, with trees and birds of gold, with three albes of 
 dyvers sorts ” 
 
 u Dodsworth, Hist. Account from the Bishop’s Records. 
 
86 
 
 CHAP. VII. 
 
 ACCOUNT OF THE MONUMENTS, AND ANECDOTES OF SOME OF THE PERSONS 
 TO WHOSE MEMORY THEY ARE RAISED. 
 
 The sculpture and architectural forms which belong to the chantry chapels 
 and old monuments of this cathedral, are entitled to distinct consideration ; 
 and the greater part of the effigies, as illustrative of the progressive state 
 of the art of sculpture, and style of costume of different ages, demand 
 faithful representations and a particular description. In those of prelates 
 we trace a successive change in all the articles of official dress : the mitre? 
 crosier, chesible, episcopal gloves, dalmatic, stole, alb, &c. are all varied 
 in form and ornament; and in those of the nobility and gentry, all of whom 
 appear to have been military men or warriors, we perceive great variation 
 in all the body armour, and weapons, from the era of the Anglo-Norman 
 dynasty, to the time of the Cromwellian civil wars. These peculiarities 
 and distinctions claim the notice of the antiquary, and are proper subjects 
 for the pencil and graver. Not only on these accounts are the ancient 
 effigies of this church interesting, but also as personal memorials of 
 eminent characters; of illustrious prelates, whose learning, wisdom, or 
 fortitude rendered them at once objects of admiration and terror to their 
 contemporaries, and of veneration to later ages; of heroes and statesmen, 
 who braved death and persecution in times of peril and civil warfare to 
 secure the integrity of their country, and maintain the rights of Englishmen. 
 Every record of such persons must be dear to the true antiquary and 
 patriot; and even the mutilated statue, if examined with this association, 
 
Interior Ic 
 
 
 rATHEBi^JL jWTIOTTt: 
 
 PT 
 
 J . 
 
 SAMSISOmY CATHEMAIL CEUDmCIHI, 
 
 Shewt/w the situation ct' the principal Tenths-ke. 
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REMARKS ON MONUMENTS. 
 
 87 
 
 must become highly interesting. With minds thus prepared, let us briefly 
 review the monumental memorials within the walls of our church, examine 
 the forms and peculiarities of the different effigies, and endeavour to make 
 ourselves spectators, or companions of the respective individuals whom 
 they portray. Although the cathedral church of Salisbury has not so 
 numerous an assemblage of tombs as some other churches, yet it contains 
 several fine and interesting specimens, commemorative of different bishops 
 of the see, and of noblemen of former times. Were all these in their 
 original state we should view them with more satisfaction ; but this, though 
 much to be desired, is scarcely to be expected. Some of them have been 
 greatly mutilated, some are of doubtful application, others are associated 
 with discordant appendages, and all have sustained injury. Still, however, 
 it is but just to remark, that during the late reparations and changes at 
 this church, it was deemed advisable to remove many of the tombs from 
 their original situations, and place them, with some attention to order and 
 arrangement, between the columns on each side of the nave. There are 
 persons who have reprobated this proceeding as an unwarrantable innova¬ 
 tion ; but when negligent or careless officers of a church suffer absurdities or 
 incongruities to be committed, monuments to be fixed in improper places, or 
 irrelevant alterations to be made, it is certainly laudable and commendable 
 in others to rectify such defects. 
 
 In noticing the tombs I shall refer to them in the order enumerated on 
 the Ground Plan. Plate 1. No. 1. and 2, flat stones without inscriptions, 
 said to have been brought from the cathedral of Old Sarum. 3. Is a defaced 
 effigy, or rather a small figure in demi-relief, lying on its back, with a plain 
 mitre resting on a cushion or pillow, the feet against a dragon, a pastoral 
 staff’ m the left hand, and over the head is a trefoil canopy, with two figures 
 of small angels resting against the outer moulding. (See Plate 1. No. 3, of 
 monuments.) This effigy, representing a boy, or chorister bishop , is pro¬ 
 bably unique; and as such, maybe regarded as a singularity and curiosity 
 in ancient sculpture, and in episcopal rites. The discovery of this figure 
 occasioned much speculation at the time; and the Rev. John Gregory, 
 chaplain to Bishop Duppa, wrote a dissertation on the subject, entitled, 
 
8*8 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 “ Episcopus Puerorum in die Innocentium,” &c. The result of his investi¬ 
 gation explained a remarkable and silly custom practised in former times 
 at this cathedral, as well as in many others, both in England and on the 
 Continent. On St. Nicholas’ day, annually, it was customary to elect from 
 among the chorister boys, one who was to assume the title, dignity, and 
 consequence of a bishop ; he was to be pont.ifically habited, bear a pastoral 
 staff, wear a mitre, and exercise the authority of a bishop among his asso¬ 
 ciates. These acted the parts of canons and prebendaries; and on the eve 
 of Innocents day, they performed the same service, excepting mass, as 
 was customary with the regular officers. They went in procession through 
 the western door of the church to the altar, habited in copes, with lighted 
 tapers. The chorister bishop afterwards appeared at the first chapter, and 
 was allowed to receive the offerings made at the altar on the day of the 
 procession. This puerile ceremony had attained so much consequence at 
 the time of Bishop Mortival, that he enjoined in his statutes, the choral 
 bishop should not “make visits,” or “keep any feast;” but “remain in 
 the common hall with his companions, unless he be invited to the table of 
 a canon for recreation ; and shall frequent the school and church with the 
 rest of the choristers immediately after the feast of the Innocents. And, 
 as in former times, when the boys made their annual procession to the 
 altar of the Holy Trinity, much disorder and pressure arose, from the 
 concourse of people, to the injury of individuals and of the church itself, 
 the penalty of the greater excommunication is denounced against such as 
 shall so offend ; and all are strictly prohibited from interrupting the said boys 
 in their procession, or any part of their ceremony.” 1 
 
 4. Plate 3, No. 1, of monuments, is the effigy of a knight or warrior, 
 clad in chain armour from head to feet, with a surcoat, a long shield, his 
 right hand resting on the hilt of a broad sword, and his legs crossed, with 
 a figure of a lion at his feet. This is supposed to represent the figure of 
 
 1 Gregory’s Essay; Statutes of Bishop Mortival. For other collateral accounts, see Drake’s 
 Ehoracum, p. 481 ; Antiquities of Norwich, 1768. p. 399; Thoresby’s Vicaria Leodinensis, 1724, 
 p. 25 ; Archaeologia, vol. i. art. xxxix.; Processionale secundum Usum Sarum ; and Antiquitates 
 Sarisburienses, p. 176. 
 
TOMBS OF BISHOPS JOCELINE AND ROGER. 
 
 89 
 
 William Longspee, eldest son of the Earl of Salisbury of that name, and of 
 Ela his Countess. Matthew Paris, and other historians, relate some curious 
 and interesting particulars of the heroic adventures of this young warrior, who 
 was slain at, or near Cairo in Egypt in 1250. 
 
 5. Delineated, Plate 1, No. 2, of monuments, is a figure in demi-relief, 
 pontifically robed, with an ornamented mitre, a staff in the left hand, the right 
 hand elevated on the breast, with two fingers extended, a dragon at the feet, 
 and the whole figure enclosed by a border of scroll work and birds. This is 
 attributed to Bishop Joceeine, whose body, with those of Osmund and 
 Roger, was removed from the church at Old Sarum to that of Salisbury 
 in 1226. See ante, p. 16. 
 
 6. Shown, Plate 1, No. 1, of monuments, is a slab of purbeck marble, 
 with the figure of a bishop in half relief, the right hand and arm raised, and 
 the left hand holding a crosier. The mitre is plain, but on a band down the 
 centre of the chesuble, and on the border are words inscribed, and others are 
 cut round the edge of the stone. These inscriptions, and this monument, have 
 occasioned much speculation. Leland first noticed part of the inscription, and 
 Gough discovered that round the edge. The latter also wrote an essay on the 
 subject, which was published in the Archaeologia, vol. ii. with a print, very 
 unlike the tomb He attributes it to Bishop Roger, and gives the following 
 reading of the inscription : 
 
 ‘ ,-fFlcnt fjotne Jralrsbcrtc (pita Deritiit cnsiss 
 Justitie, pater ereleste Jaltsbtrtensts : 
 
 ZUum Ingutt, uuseros aluit, fastusguc potentum 
 KTon timuit. set) rlaba futt terrorgiir norentunt 
 J3e Buribus, tie nobiltbus priniortua tiupit 
 IfJntmptbus, proprgur tibi gtii grrama telupit.’ 
 
 The line on the front of the chesuble consists of these words, which 
 Leland transcribed, when he visited Salisbury: differ opern trebentes in than. 
 The words on the border of the same are effaced ; and it is singular that Mr. 
 Gough does not give the least indication of this band, or the inscription, on 
 his plate : and could these words have been traced, they would probably have 
 pointed out the name of the person to whom the tomb was raised ; which in 
 Dodsworth s Account is assigned to Bishop Joceline, because it bears some 
 
 N 
 
90 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 resemblance to a seal of that prelate. I must however coincide with Gough, 
 because the style of sculpture is plainly of earlier date than that of monument, 
 Plate 1, No. 2. Besides I do not perceive any resemblance in the chesuble, 
 dalmatic, &c. of the seal, and that of either statue. In the inscription there 
 are some singularities in the disposition and forms of the letters, as shown in 
 the plate. 
 
 7. and 8. Altar-tombs, without inscriptions or figures, and of unknown 
 appropriation. 
 
 9. An altar-tomb, with several panels, blank shields, and places for 
 brasses, also unknown. 
 
 10. An altar-tomb, enclosing the remains of Bishop Beauchamp, removed 
 from his chantry chapel at the east end of the church. In the alterations of 
 1789, the original tomb of our bishop was wantonly or carelessly broken, or 
 misapplied by the clerk of the works; who was however soon dismissed from 
 his situation, and Mr. Matthew, a gentleman of skill and integrity, substituted 
 in his place. The present tomb was brought from the aile of the north end of 
 the principal transept. 
 
 11. An altar-tomb, sustaining the effigy, in armour, of John de Monta- 
 cute, younger son of William, first Earl of Salisbury of that family. (See 
 Plate 3, No. 3, of monuments.) This figure is cased in a mixed coat of mail 
 and chain armour, with a very curious helmet, which rests on his crest, 
 whilst his feet press against a lion: the belt on which his sword is sus¬ 
 pended is much ornamented. At the side of the tomb next the nave are 
 shields of armorial bearings in quatrefoil panels. This gentleman was cele¬ 
 brated in the famous battle of Cressy, and in other wars in France. He also 
 served under King Richard II. in the expedition to Scotland. Marrying 
 Margaret, daughter and heiress of Thomas de Monthermer, he acquired 
 considerable landed property. By his will, dated March, 1388, he di¬ 
 rected his body to be deposited in this church ; or, if he died in London, 
 in St. Paul’s Church, near the font wherein he was baptised. In this will 
 he also gave other directions about his hearse, tomb, &c. See Dugdale’s 
 Baronage, vol. i. p. 64. 
 
 12. An altar-tomb, of various parts, supporting the recumbent figure, in 
 
JM’OSTCTMEffl’S FJL8 
 


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TOMBS OF THE HUNGERFORDS AND LORD STOURTON. 
 
 91 
 
 white alabaster, of Robert, Lord Hungerford, clad in mail armour, with 
 a cap on his head, a collar of S.S. round his neck, his hands closed, and fin¬ 
 gers pointed to his chin, an ornamented sword belt round his hips, and a small 
 sword or dirk at his right side ; there was another on the left side; his feet 
 rest against a dog. (See Plate 4 of monuments, No. 4.) Robert was the son 
 and successor of Walter, Lord Hungerford, and served under the Duke of 
 Bedford in France. He married Margaret, sole daughter and heiress of Lord 
 Botreaux. By his will, dated May 22, 1459, he directed his body to be in¬ 
 terred before the altar of St. Osmund, in this church; and ordered ten pounds 
 to be given to the clergy of the church for performing the office of the dead. 
 His lady survived him, and founded the Hungerford chapel at the east end of 
 the cathedral. 
 
 13. An altar-tomb, with a coffin-shaped slab at the top, and a modern in¬ 
 scription, Anno M.XC.IX. ascribed to Bishop Osmund. This was removed 
 from the middle of the lady chapel; but at the removal no remains were 
 discovered. 
 
 14. An altar-tomb, without inscription or ornament of any kind, comme¬ 
 morates Charles, Lord Stourton, who was hung, March 6, 1556, in the 
 market-place at Salisbury, for the murder of Mr. Hartgill and his son. This 
 event caused much publicity at the time, and may be referred to as one of 
 those instances of human malice, and malignant barbarity, which cannot be 
 accounted for, and which puzzles the philosopher, and distresses the philan¬ 
 thropist. It is said that Lord Stourton, from mere antipathy and personal 
 hatred against the two persons above named, had induced four of his own 
 sons to assist him in murdering them, and afterwards to bury their bodies 
 fifteen feet deep in the earth. This barbarous act was however afterwards 
 discovered, and the principal assassin doomed to suffer an ignominious death 
 in a public market place. 
 
 15. Is the situation of two altar-tombs, divested of brasses, and of an iron 
 screen, which formerly enclosed them. These were raised to commemorate 
 Walter, Lord Hungerford, father of Robert, already mentioned. The 
 Earl of Radnor caused the rails to be removed, with other remains, and had 
 them fixed up at the east end of the choir. (See No. 26, p. 96.) 
 
92 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 16. An altar-tomb, of various parts, supporting the mutilated figure of a 
 bishop in pontificalibus (See Plate 1, No. 4, of monuments). The chesuble 
 of this effigy is rather of unusual character. At its feet are two animals, one 
 of which is pierced by the crosier ; and at the head are the remains of two 
 small angelic figures. This statue, removed from the aile of the great north 
 transept, represents Walter de la Wyle. 
 
 17. An altar-tomb, supporting a fine effigy in alabaster, of Sir John 
 Cheney, (See Plate 4, No. 5, of monuments). This gentleman was noted, in 
 the wars between the houses of York and Lancaster, for his gigantic stature 
 and prowess. In the famed battle of Bosworth Field he was one of the chosen 
 band to surround and guard the person of the king. Richard, however, in a 
 moment of desperation rode up to the spot, slew Sir William Brandon, and 
 also unhorsed Sir John Cheney. The latter was afterwards rewarded by being- 
 made knight of the garter, and subsequently one of the privy council. In 
 1485 he was made a baron by writ of privy seal, and soon afterwards was em¬ 
 ployed in different military commissions and enterprises. In the 3d, 7th, and 
 11 th years of Henry VII. he was summoned to parliament, and held the office 
 of standard-bearer to that monarch till his death. Dying in the early part of 
 th e reign of Henry VIII. he was interred in the Beauchamp chapel. From this 
 place his skeleton was removed in the late repairs. His thigh bones were found 
 to measure twenty-one inches in length, being about four inches longer than 
 the usual standard. 
 
 18. An altar-tomb of timber, with trefoil-headed niches at the sides, 
 supporting a free-stone slab, and a stone effigy in mail armour. (See Plate 
 3, No. 2, of monuments.) The tomb, as well as the statue, have been 
 elaborately painted, gilt, and otherwise decorated. The colours have been 
 laid on a primed ground, fixed to canvass, and that fastened to the tomb. 
 Round the border of the slab is a series of trefoil foliage, similar to what 
 is to be found in various parts of the cathedral. The whole figure is en¬ 
 closed in chain armour, excepting the upper part of the face; and even 
 the helmet, which is flat at top, forms part of the general coat. The feet 
 ar.d hands are also encased in the same iron guard ; over this is a loose 
 surcoat, confined by a strap, or belt, round the middle, which also sustains 
 
TOMBS OF WILLIAM LONGSPEE AND BISHOP BLYTHE. 
 
 93 
 
 a long sword. On a large shield, with azure ground, are six animals, 
 called lioncels by some, and leopards by others. Beneath the head is a 
 small square pillow, but there is not any thing under the feet. This curious 
 and interesting monument was raised to the memory of William Longspee, 
 the first Earl of Salisbury of that family, who was natural son of Henry II. 
 by fair Rosamond. Marrying Ela, daughter and heiress of William d’Eureux, 
 he thereby obtained large landed property, and also his title. He was 
 Sheriff’of Wiltshire in the early part of the reign of King John, and after¬ 
 wards Warden of the Marches of Wales. In the contention between that 
 monarch and his barons our earl was first a royalist, but afterwards sup¬ 
 ported the cause of the barons, and was one of the witnesses to the justly 
 revered Magna Charta. 2 Matthew Paris, and other old historians, speak in 
 high terms of his prowess and military skill. He was engaged in many 
 enterprises by sea and land ; and having escaped dangers, in almost a 
 miraculous manner, was at last destined to lose his life by poison. During 
 his absence from home, Raymond, nephew to Hubert de Burgh, endeavoured 
 to seduce the Earl’s lady, Ela, but was repulsed, and obliged to conciliate 
 a pardon by costly gifts. Disappointed in this attempt, he invited the 
 earl to a banquet at Marlborough, and is then said to have mixed some 
 poison in the food, to effect the death of his rival. The earl returned 
 to his castle at Sarum, and dying there was buried in our cathedral ; 
 when certain indulgences were granted to such as should recite particular 
 prayers at his tomb. His widow retired to Lacock, in Wiltshire, where 
 she had previously founded an abbey, and continued lady abbess for eighteen 
 years. 3 
 
 19. A stone monument, with a canopy, or sort of hearse, covering a 
 mutilated statue of a bishop, attributed to John Blythe, who was originally 
 interred in the lady chapel, whence this monument was removed. It was 
 there placed north and south ; and, according to Godwin, thereby called the 
 “ thwart-over bisaop.” Leland says that this tomb was constructed by Bishop 
 
 2 Many copies of this national record were made, one of which is still preserved among the 
 Chapter Records at Salisbury. 
 
 3 See Dugdale’s Baronage.—Mat. Paris. 
 
94 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Beauchamp for himself, but who afterwards erected a chantry chapel and 
 tomb for his own remains. 
 
 20. A large stone monument, consisting of an altar-tomb in the centre, 
 with an arched canopy resting on two square piers at the extremities ; the 
 whole of which is covered with panels and tracery, whilst the sides of the 
 tomb are adorned with panels, &c. It had formerly a brass figure, shields, 
 and inscriptions, all of which are removed. A view of this monument is seen 
 between the pillars in Plate XII. It has been commonly ascribed to Bishop 
 Metford, but is now appropriated to Bishop Woodville, who was interred 
 in this church, 1484. 
 
 21. A noble monument, represented in Plate IX. comprising an altar 
 tomb in the centre, supporting a finely-executed statue of a bishop (see 
 Plate 2 of Monuments, No. 6), and covered by an arched canopy, resting 
 on square piers. The whole of this is in an elegant and elaborate style 
 of workmanship : each part is charged with sculpture and decoration, 
 bespeaking the pomp and episcopal dignity of the ostentatious prelate 
 whom it commemorates. The effigy is dressed in a full, flowing chesuble, 
 with fringed border, covering a long dalmatic, the stole, and the alb. 
 His mitre is high; and the remains of the crosier show that it was very 
 elaborately carved. At his feet are two dogs, and two small angels 
 support his pillow. This figure, as well as the tomb, are of fine white 
 marble. The soffit of the canopy is charged with tracery (see Plate 4, 
 No. 6); and round the edge of the arch is a series of birds, flowers, and 
 scrolls, inscribed with “ honor Deo et gloria.” (See No. 5.) In the spandrils 
 are the four shields of arms shown 1, 2, 3, 4. Deprived of inscription, 
 this fine monument has been long attributed to Bishop Bridport, who died 
 in 1262; whereas the style of architecture, sculpture, and costume is of 
 a much later age, and points out Bishop Metford as the prelate whom 
 it commemorates ; besides his arms (No. 2.) appear in one of the spandrils 
 on the north side. 
 
 22. A ponderous and clumsy monument, with statues representing Sir 
 Richard Mompesson, Knight, and dame Katharine his wife, of Bathampton 
 in Wiltshire. He died in 1701. 
 
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TOMBS OF BISHOPS CAPON AND BRIDPORT. 
 
 95 
 
 23. An altar-tomb, with shields, and the letters E. S. and figures 1555, 
 raised to the memory of Bishop Salcot, or Capon. 
 
 24. A noble architectural monument, of singular and original design, com¬ 
 
 posed of stone, and resembling a chapel in miniature, to Bishop Bridport. 
 (See Plate XXVI.) The whole fills up a space between two clustered 
 columns, and is covered with a pedimental roof. On the north and south 
 sides are two open arches of several mouldings, supported on clustered 
 
 columns and single shafts ; at the angles and centre are some elaborate 
 finials; and the two faces, over the arches, are adorned with several pieces of 
 sculpture, apparently representing different events in the life of the prelate 
 who is interred beneath. Mr. C. A. Stothard, who has studied monu¬ 
 
 mental sculpture with great care and assiduity, gives this account of the 
 several subjects represented, beginning on the south side : “ the first is 
 a female figure with an infant lying on a bed, and attendants: this may 
 be descriptive of his birth. The next discovers a figure kneeling to 
 another: which we may conjecture to have been his confirmation. The 
 
 following compartment exhibits a figure, clerically habited, sitting at a 
 high desk reading to four youthful figures. In the fourth are two clerical 
 figures; one, in a cap, more dignified than the other. They appear to join 
 hands, or one of them is in the act of receiving something from the other. 
 Behind is a tree, from which a shield is suspended, bearing, argent, a cross 
 between four pallets, or bezants, or: perhaps this sculpture represents his 
 first preferment. This conjecture is corroborated by the next, or first 
 compartment on the north side, where are two figures, one in a gown, 
 
 sitting, the other inclining towards him, with both hands extended as if 
 in the act of doing homage: probably for his see. The next exhibits a 
 procession, the hindermost figure of the group bearing a cross : possibly 
 this alludes to the ceremony of consecrating the church by Bishop 
 Bridport; and his death, which only occurred four years after, is shown 
 in the next spandril. He is pontifically habited, extended on a bier, with 
 angels at his head and feet. In the last spandril is a dignified figure, 
 pontifically habited, without a crosier, enthroned in a niche or stall, 
 sitting as in judgment. Before it is a naked figure, borne up by an angel, 
 
96 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 with expanded wings : which evidently was meant to represent the ascent 
 of the soul to heaven.” It is rather singular that we do not find any 
 incident, among these, allusive to building any part of the church ; yet 
 there can be no doubt but that Bishop Bridport made considerable 
 additions to the fabric. The style of the monument and its details imply 
 a coeval date with the chapter-house and west-front. In the recumbent 
 statue, beneath the arched canopy, we perceive the vestments and ornaments 
 varying from all the other examples here delineated. Over the head is a 
 pediment, with a cinquefoil arch, a castellated object above, and two small 
 angelic figures elegantly disposed at the sides of the head offering incense. 
 Both hands are in gloves ; and whilst the right hand is extended as in the 
 act of benediction, the other holds a crosier. On the south side, at the feet 
 of the statue, are a piscina, ambre, &e.; implying that there was originally 
 a chantry chapel attached to this highly curious and interesting monument. 
 Mr. Gough, and most other writers, have ascribed the tomb to Bishop 
 Ayscough; but he was buried at Eddington, and the architecture of his 
 time was very unlike that of the tomb now referred to, which seems extremely 
 probable to have been formed when some great works were going on at the 
 cathedral, and therefore executed by the same artists. In the forms and 
 attitudes of the small angels, and in some of the basso relievi, we perceive 
 a simple grace and beauty, which entitle them to be termed classical speci¬ 
 mens of art; and from which later artists have not thought it derogatory to 
 take hints, and even make designs. 
 
 25. Opposite to the last tomb is a pointed ogee arch, ornamented with 
 crockets, and surmounted by a rich finial : beneath is a flat slab, which had 
 formerly a brass. It is said to cover the remains of William de York, who 
 died 1627 ; but the style of the arch indicates a later age. 
 
 26. An enclosed chapel, sacred to the memory and remains of the Hunger- 
 fob d Family, now constituting a seat or pew for the Radnor family, of 
 Longford Castle. The present Earl of Radnor, with laudable zeal for 
 honourable birth and genealogy, has emblazoned in this tomb the principal 
 alliances of the Hungerford family, and has preserved the ancient iron work 
 which formerly enclosed the tombs in the nave of the church. 
 
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TOMBS OF THE EARL OF HERTFORD AND SIR THOMAS GORGES. 
 
 97 
 
 27. An altar-tomb attached to, and partly let into the wall, with a 
 canopy, and ornamented with panelling, tracery, and shields. On the 
 frieze, at the top, is “ Fiat voluntas Dei , W.” and a barrel or tun. On a 
 shield is “ Wil.” and a tun. This tomb is usually ascribed to Bishop 
 Wickhampton, who died 1284; but the style of architecture and sculpture 
 is certainly as late as the end of the fifteenth century; and the arms 
 on the centre shield, impaling those of the see, are the same as Bishop 
 Audley’s. There was William Wilton , a chancellor, in 1506. 
 
 28. A gorgeous monument of stone and marble, painted and gilt, and 
 filling up the east end of the south aile. It is composed of a heterogeneous 
 mass of parts; in which architecture, sculpture, heraldry, history, allegory, 
 Latin, English, &c. are jumbled together ; as if intended by the designer 
 to dazzle the eye, and confuse the mind of the spectator. To describe the 
 whole, with its associations, would occupy a volume, and such description 
 could interest only a very few readers : suffice it to say, that here are obelisks 
 covered with military trophies, a sarcophagus supporting two effigies of a 
 man and woman, two other statues in armour, also several columns, arches, 
 and armorial bearings, four allegorical statues, with supporters, crests, &c. 
 This sculptor’s pattern-shop, as it may be termed, was raised to the memory 
 of Edward, Earl of Hertford, eldest son of Edward, Duke of Somer¬ 
 set, who died April 6, 102 1 , aged eighty-one. His lady, Catharine, Countess 
 of Hertford, daughter of Henry Grey, Duke of Suffolk, was also interred 
 here, January, 1563. Other members of the same family were buried at 
 this place. 
 
 29. A monument of stone, “ curiously wrought,” at the east end of the 
 north aile, is composed of architectural and sculptural members. (See Plate 
 V. of monuments.) On the centre of a broad base, are the recumbent 
 effigies of a man and woman, the former in armour, and the latter in a long 
 robe of state. At each angle are pilasters, and a twisted or spiral column, 
 supporting an entablature, which again supports pediments, globes, 
 spheres, obelisks, and statues. The latter are intended to personate the 
 cardinal virtues, &c. This monument commemorates Sir Thomas Gorges, 
 Knight, of Longford Castle, who died March 30, 1610, aged seventy-four ; 
 
 o 
 
98 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 and his lady, Helena Scrachenberg, Marchioness dowager of Northampton, 
 who died April 25, 1635, aged eighty-six. 
 
 30. An arched niche in the wall, with a coffin-shaped stone, bearing a 
 cross-fleury, in relief, is attributed to Bishop Roger de Mortival, who 
 died in 1329. 
 
 31. A truly elegant chantry chapel, raised to the memory of Bishop 
 Audrey. (See Plate XIII ) At the time this building was erected, monu¬ 
 mental sculpture and architecture were advanced to their zenith of pomp 
 and ornament. 4 Largeness in quantity, elaborate and minute in detail, with 
 great precision and care in finishing, were their characteristics. The artists 
 also chose a soft fine freestone, or chalk, for their material, which was easily 
 worked, but was liable to repeated injury. In the chapel now referred to, 
 we find all these peculiarities. It consists of an open screen on the north 
 and south sides, with walls covered with tracery, abutting against pillars to 
 the east and west, and surmounted by a canopy, or roof. The inner surface 
 of the latter is adorned with elegant fan tracery. Round the summit is a 
 rich open parapet; and at each angle, and at the centre, rise octangular 
 turrets, or pinnacles. Parts of this tomb were formerly painted and gilt. 
 On different shields are e. s. ;—e.a.;— i. h.s.; —and I. h. s. combined with 
 maria, also the bishop’s arms, and other devices. 
 
 32. A stone monument, having a flat slab beneath a canopy. On the 
 north side is an ogee arch, the outer moulding of which sustains ten small 
 statues of angels reclining against the arch. At the summit is an elaborate 
 finial, behind which is a series of pinnacles, pediments and crockets, 
 forming an open pyramid of three stories. On each side of the arch are 
 two small panels, with acute croketed pediments. This monument being 
 without inscription, date, or armorial bearings, is conjectured to belong to 
 Bi shop Bingham, who died November 3, 1246. 
 
 33. An altar-tomb, supporting an effigy of a bishop in pontificalibus. 
 (See Plate 2, No. 5, of monuments.) The statue and slab on which it 
 
 4 The splendid monumental chapel of Bishop Fox at Winchester, and that of Dean Oxenbridge 
 in St. George’s Chapel, Windsor, are of nearly the same style and character. The latter is 
 represented and described in “ the Architectural Antiquities of Great Britain,” and the former 
 will come into a subsequent part of “ the Cathedral Antiquities.” 
 
TOMBS OF BISHOPS POORE AND WYVILL. 
 
 99 
 
 rests are ascribed to Bishop Poore, the founder of the church. It was 
 removed to this place from the north side of the high altar, where the 
 effigy originally reclined beneath a canopy. The vestments of this statue, 
 the crosier, the architectural ornaments, the plainness of the mitre, and 
 the demi-angel, with a globe and a crescent in its hands, are all curious 
 and peculiar. The face has a full beard ; round the border of the tomb is 
 a series of trefoil leaves, and beneath the feet is a dragon, evidently 
 pressed, or crushed to the ground. On removing the tomb, a skeleton was 
 found beneath, which is re-deposited in the present spot. This discovery, 
 and the published accounts of our bishop, have occasioned much specu¬ 
 lation : for it is generally reported that the body of Bishop Poore was 
 interred at Durham, and his heart at the monastery of Tarraunt, in Dorset¬ 
 shire. (See ante, p. 27.) If this be correct, we are surprised at finding a 
 skeleton here: and yet there seems every reason to conclude that the 
 present statue represents the founder of the church. 
 
 34. A large and curious brass, inlaid in a slab, with a representation of a 
 castle, and the figure of a bishop, pontifically habited, standing at the se¬ 
 cond entrance. At the outer gate is the figure of a knight, having a battle 
 axe in the right hand, and supporting a shield on the left arm. Beneath this 
 were three shields of arms, representing the bearings of Bishop Wyvill. 
 In front of the castle are some hares, or rabbits. Round the border is an 
 inscription, part of which has been destroyed. An etching of this brass, 
 with an account of it, is published in Carter’s “ Specimens of Ancient 
 Sculpture and Painting." Near this slab are grave-stones to the respective 
 memories of Bishops Jewel and Guest. 
 
 35. In a recess, beneath a flat arch, is an effigy of an emaciated figure ; 
 and on the wall above are some remains of a painting, to the memory of 
 Thomas Bennet, who was precentor of this cathedral from 1541, to his 
 death, 1558. On the facia at the top of the tomb is this inscription ; 
 “ Misericordas domini X. / J .. S’, in eternum cant a bo A.D. 1554." 
 
 36. Is the figure of a skeleton, but for whom it was formed is unknown. 
 
 Such are the principal ancient monuments still preserved within tiie 
 
 church. There are however others to various persons, some of which 
 claim notice on account of the characters commemorated. Immediately 
 
 o 2 
 
100 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 within the great western door (marked w in the ground plan), is a large 
 marble monument, with a statue, meant to personate Hibernia, raised to the 
 memory of Thomas, Lord Wyndham, of Finglass in Ireland, who died, 
 Nov. 24, 1745, in the sixty-sixth year of his age. This monument was 
 executed by Rysbrack. On the opposite side of the centre door-way (u 
 in the plan), is another monument, mostly of black marble, to the memory 
 of Dr. Daubigny Turberville, a physician of some eminence, who 
 died in this city, April 21, 1696, in the eighty-fifth year of his age. Pope, 
 in his life of Seth Ward, has recorded some particulars of this gentleman. 
 Against the south wall, near the south transept, is a marble slab with a bust 
 to the memory of Lord Chief Justice Hyde, who died May 1, 1666. 
 On the floor is a brass, marking the place of sepulture of Bishop Hyde, 
 who died August 22, 1667. Near it repose the remains of Dr. Steb- 
 btng, Archdeacon of Wilts, and chancellor of the diocess. This gentleman 
 engaged in the Bangorian controversy, and also opposed Bishop Warbur- 
 ton's “ Divine Legation of Moses.” He was likewise author of a collec¬ 
 tion of tracts, and of some sermons: he died in 1763, aged seventy-six. 
 Against the wall of the south transept is a marble slab, commemorative of 
 Robert Hayes, youngest brother of James Earl of Carlisle : he died Sep¬ 
 tember, 1625. Near this is another mural marble slab to Bishop Thomas, 
 who died June 20, 1766. A small marble slab in this aile commemorates 
 Bishop Hume, his wife, and three of their daughters: he died June 26, 1782. 
 In the great north transept are some monumental slabs to different branches 
 of the Harris family ; ancestors and relatives of the present Earl of Malms- 
 bury. One of these, executed by J. Bacon, R. A. commemorates the 
 late James Harris, Esq. the amiable and learned author of “ Hermes,” 
 “ Three Treatises,” &c. and of other literary works. A memoir of this 
 gentleman, with a corrected edition of his writings, has been published by 
 his son, the Earl of Malmsbury. On the same wall is another marble 
 cenotaph, sacred to the name and memory of William Benson Earle, Esq. 
 a musical and literary amateur of Salisbury, who was buried at Gratley in 
 Hampshire. The present monument was executed by J. Flaxman, R. A. 
 and has a figure representing Benevolence unveiling, in low relief, the sub¬ 
 ject of the Good Samaritan. Mr. Earle was born July 7, 1740, and died 
 
TOMBS FOR DIFFERENT PERSONS. 
 
 101 
 
 March 20, 1796 ; and was justly admired for many amiable traits of character, 
 and for great benevolence. Against the north wall of this transept is a marble 
 slab, lately executed by Flaxman, to the memory of Walter Long, Esq. 
 who died March 20, 1807, aged eighty-four. He was a native of Salisbury, 
 and was a bencher of the Society of Lincoln’s Inn, and senior judge of the 
 Sheriff’s Court, London. The artist has portrayed a medallion portrait of the 
 deceased, in the centre of his tomb; and placed two small statues, designating 
 Justice and Literature, in niches at the two extremities. In the north aile of 
 the choir was interred the Rev. John Bampton, canon residentiary of this 
 church, and founder of the Bampton Lectures. Near this is a marble monu¬ 
 ment for James, Earl of Castlehaven, who died May 6, 1769. The late 
 earl and countess were interred in the same place, but are not noticed by 
 either tomb or inscription. In the south side of the small transept is a me¬ 
 morial to John Clarke, D.D. dean of this church, who died July 4, 1757. 
 Another commemorates Seth Ward, bishop of this see, whose likeness is 
 preserved in a bust at the top of the tomb. Edward Young, D.D. Dean of 
 Sarum, and father of the poet of that name, also lies here; and in the south 
 aile are interred the remains of Bishop Davenant, who died April 20, 1641. 
 
 Among numerous interments in the cloister, is that of Francis Price, 
 clerk of the works to the church, and author of a very useful account of it. 
 He was buried in the eastern walk (t in plan,) in 1753. Dr. John Ekins, 
 the late dean, was buried here in 1808. 
 
 A curious and novel monument is now preparing, to be placed in this church 
 to the memory of the family of Poore, of Wiltshire. It is designed by a 
 learned member of this cathedral, the Rev. H. Owen ; and from his intimate 
 knowledge of the ancient architecture of England, we may anticipate some¬ 
 thing at once opposite and pleasing. 
 
 measurements and references to prints not already described. 
 
 Dimensions. Extreme length, 474 feet; interior, 450 feet. This space may 
 be divided into three portions; viz. the nave, from the western door to the 
 organ-screen, 229 feet; thence to the lady chapel, 151 feet 6 inches, and the 
 
S02 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 latter 69 feet 6 inches.-— Widths. West front, externally, 1 12 feet, and 217 
 more to the southern extremity of the cloister wall: great transept, externally, 
 230 feet; interior of nave 34 feet, and with ailes 78 feet: great transept, 
 N. to S. 206 feet ; width of ditto, with aile, 57 feet: small transept, N. to S. 
 145 feet; width of ditto, 44 feet: width of choir and ailes, 78 feet; of lady 
 chapel, 37 feet 3 inches.—The heights of the vaulting of the nave, choir, and 
 transepts, 81 feet: of the ailes and lady chapel, 40 feet: externally, to the top 
 of side ailes, 44 feet; parapet, 87 feet; point of roof, 115 feet; parapet of 
 tower, 207 feet; and summit of spire, 404 feet. The cloister forms a square 
 of 181 feet 9 inches within the walls, and is 18 feet wide between the side 
 walls and windows : the height of the vaulting is 18 feet. The chapter-house 
 is 58 feet in diameter, internally; and 52 feet high to the vaulting. 
 
 Ground Pi. an : Plate I. a. central western door-way to the nave, c. c. : 
 b. b. lateral doors to the ailes, d. d. : e. north porch : f. a chapel, or passage, 
 now used as the consistory court: G. north transept; h. its aile : i. south 
 transept, and J. its aile : K. centre of the tower: l. choir, or presbytery : m. 
 its south, and n. the north aile : o. small north transept, with aile, p.: q. small 
 south transept, with its aile, r. : s. the lady chapel: t. the muniment room, 
 or vestry : u. north walk of cloister: v. w. and x. the west, south, and east 
 walks : y. passage or vestibule to the chapter-house, z. The small letters 
 refer as follows : a. situation and form of the ancient Hungerford chapel, and 
 b. that of Bishop Beauchamp : c. site of the old altar: d. place fitted up for 
 morning prayers: e. a fine ancient lavatory of stone, close to which are 
 an ambre and piscina, also a modern font: f. and g. show part of the old 
 organ-screen, two arches of which are represented. Plate XV. h. an ambre, 
 &c. : j. pulpit: k. the bishop’s throne : 1. m. n. and o. ambres : p. door-way 
 through the wall : q. ditto to the library over the cloister: r. ditto to the 
 cloister. 
 
 Plate XIX. No. 1. Elevation and section of one compartment or division 
 of the nave at the west. a. the porch, with a stone seat: b. base of the but¬ 
 tress : c. section of the door-way : d. door-way to the consistory court, with 
 two different shaped arches : E. double window of the side aile : f. opening 
 from the nave to the space over the ailes, in which one wide flattened arch 
 
REPAIRS AND ALTERATIONS. 
 
 103 
 
 embraces four others : g. the upper or clere-story window, of three lights : 
 h. section of the western window: i. an ornamental facia or frieze of quatre- 
 foil panels, within lozenge mouldings, continuing through this portion of the 
 west front: m. n. statues in niches: o. coffin-shaped tomb, resting on a plinth, 
 
 р. : r. r. central column, formed of small square stones: and s. s. tall thin 
 shafts of purbeck marble, four of which are almost attached to each clustered 
 column of the nave : t. junction of the ribs which cross the vaulted roof, v.v.: 
 u. rib extending directly across the nave. No. 2. Exterior elevation of one 
 portion of the aile and nave : a. b. side and front of the buttress to the ailes : 
 
 с. parapet to ditto: d. double window continued all round the church : 
 E. exterior of the upper window, also continued all round the church : F. 
 parapet to the nave and choir : and, g. section of the same. 
 
 The repairs and alterations made to this church under the prelacy of Bishop 
 Barrington, and directed by the late James Wyatt, Esq. have excited much 
 local, public, and literary criticism. It is the duty of the historian to review 
 such proceedings with strict impartiality, and to exercise a discriminating judg¬ 
 ment in separating truth from falsehood, and personal opinions and prejudices 
 from just sentiments and liberal animadversion. In the alterations alluded to, 
 there was certainly much professional skill and caution exercised ; although it 
 is equally evident that some of the changes might have been better effected. 
 To uphold and preserve the principal walls and parts of the fabric is the 
 bounden duty of the dean and chapter, and of the professional men they 
 employ ; their next care is to guard the genuine monuments of antiquity from 
 dilapidation and removal ; and they are further required, by the laws of good 
 taste and good sense, to prohibit the introduction of all discordant, injurious, 
 and absurd objects into their cathedrals. Though these duties seem apparent 
 and reasonable, and although most cathedrals are endowed with funds for such 
 important purposes, and laws to enforce their proper application, whilst one has 
 often been misapplied, the others have been neglected and evaded. At Salis¬ 
 bury there is less to complain of than in most of the other cathedrals. 
 
 In 1789, the bishop, with the dean and chapter, found it necessary to con- 
 
104 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL. 
 
 suit Mr. Wyatt about the architectural state of the church ; and it was then 
 determined to effect the following alterations and repairs, some of which were 
 matters of necessity, and others of expediency. At the east end, abutting 
 against the north and south walls of the lady chapel, two extraneous chapels 
 were raised in the fifteenth century, by Bishop Beauchamp, and by Margaret, 
 relict of Robert, Lord Hungerford. Both had been progressively occupied by 
 tombs and lumber, and also suffered to fall to decay. These were taken down, 
 the tombs removed to other places, and the ornaments and materials used in 
 fitting up the present lady chapel, and the new organ-screen. A tasteless 
 wooden altar-screen was taken away from between the lady chapel and choir; 
 and other tombs, at this part, were removed to the nave and small north 
 transept. The walls, windows, and buttresses of the virgin chapel were 
 restored, and rendered uniform; the eastern window was adorned with painted 
 glass, and the side windows also with plain stained glass; the floor was raised, 
 and the inside of the walls covered with niches and sculptured ornaments ; 
 the stalls and seats of the choir and bishop’s throne were mostly made new, 
 as was also the organ, and its fine stone screen. Some screens which enclosed 
 the ailes of the transepts, and two small porches at the extremity of the north 
 transept, and at the east end of the south aile, were removed at this time. 
 The vaultings of the choir and small transept, which had been covered with 
 paintings, as well as the w'hole of the vaulting of the nave, &c. were washed 
 over with a light stone colour. On the outside of the church some essential 
 improvements were made; a spacious drain was formed all round the church 
 to carry off the water, the whole area of the church-yard was raised and 
 levelled, new gravel walks made, and a large detached belfry, at the north 
 side of the church, was taken down. 
 
 The diocess of Salisbury comprises Wiltshire and Berkshire, and is divided 
 into the archdeaconries of Sarum, Wilts and Berks. The members of the 
 cathedral are a bishop, dean, precentor, chancellor of the diocess, chancellor 
 of the church, treasurer, three archdeacons, a sub-dean, and sub-chanter ; 
 forty-one prebendaries, of whom six are residentiary, and called canons ; four 
 vicars choral; seven lay vicars, or singing men, of whom one is organist; 
 eight choristers, and other inferior officers. 
 
IO. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 C 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 * ] 
 
 > th 
 
 t • 
 
 t I 
 
 A CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF THE BISHOPS OF SALISBURY, 
 
 WITH 
 
 CONTEMPORARY DEANS, KINGS, AND POPES. 
 
 Consecrated or Translated. 
 
 Died or Translated. 
 
 Buried at 
 
 Deans.t 
 
 Kings. 
 
 Popes.t 
 
 From 
 
 To 
 
 909 
 
 920 
 
 .... Canterbury, 934 
 
 — 
 
 934 
 
 
 
 970 
 
 
 Abingdon .. 
 
 981 
 
 
 — 
 
 986 
 
 .... Canterbury, 989 
 
 — 
 
 989 
 
 .... Canterbury, 995 
 
 — 
 
 995 
 
 .... Winchester, 1006 
 
 Glastonbury 
 
 1046 
 
 
 
 F.dward the Elder.. 
 
 Athelstan . 
 
 < Edmund,Edred, X 
 Edwy, Edgar .. $ 
 Edward, Martyr .. 
 
 Ethelred II. 
 
 Ethelred II. 
 
 Ethelred II. 
 
 Ethelred II. 
 
 Sweyn, Edm.II. \ 
 Canute, Harold / 
 I. Hardicanute,' 
 Edw. Confessor l 
 Harold II.* 
 
 Sergius III. 
 Stephen VIII. 
 
 Martin III. 
 Benedict VI. 
 Benedict VII. 
 John XV. 
 John XV. 
 John XV. 
 
 Benedict IX. 
 
 .1078 
 
 Aug. 10, 1107 
 
 .1142 
 
 Oct. 22, 1189 
 June 4, 1194 
 
 . About 1078 — 
 
 . Dec. 3, 1099 Sarum 
 
 .Dec. 11, 1139 Sarum 
 
 .Nov. 18, 1184 
 
 .... Canterbury, 1193 
 .Feb. 6, 1241 
 
 'Tilton 
 
 Roger .. 
 
 William I. 
 William I, 
 
 C Osbert .N 
 
 
 ; Serlo .... „ „ fr 
 
 Henry I. „ 
 
 \ Robert I./ 
 
 Stephen. . 
 
 (.Robert Chichester.. * 
 ( Robert Warlewast A 
 
 
 ) Henry.f 
 
 Stephen . 
 
 1 John de Oxeneford T 
 
 Henry 11. 
 
 (. Robert. j 
 
 
 
 
 
 \ Richard Poore . 
 
 John ... 
 
 Gregory VII. 
 Gregory VII. 
 
 Paschall II. 
 
 Innocent II. 
 
 Clement III. 
 Celestine III. 
 
 Chichester, 1217 
 
 Durham, 1228 
 
 .May, 1229 
 
 .. July 14, 1247 
 March 11, 1256 7 
 ....May 27, 1263 
 .. March 6, 1270 
 .. Oct. 22, 1284 
 
 .1287 
 
 . .March 16, 1289 
 . .March 16, 1291 
 
 _Oct. 20, 1297 
 
 ....Sept. 28,1315 
 
 . Nov. 3, 1246 
 
 .March 31,1256 
 
 .Dec. 13, 1262 
 
 . Jan. 3, 1270 
 
 . April 24, 1284 
 
 .Oct. 25, 1286 
 
 .Feb. 11, 1287-8 
 
 .1291 
 
 Salisbury 
 
 Salisbury 
 
 Salisbury 
 
 Salisbury 
 
 Salisbury 
 
 ..May 18, 1297 Salisbury 
 
 ..May 31,1315 - 
 
 March 14, 1329 Salisbury 
 
 C Adam de Ivelcestre A 
 ? Hen. de Bishopstone J 
 C William de Wanda j 
 Robert de Hertford .... 
 Robert de Hertford .... 
 Robert de Wiekhampton 
 Robert de Wiekhampton 
 
 Walter Scammel . 
 
 Henx-y de Braundston .. 
 
 Simon de Micham. 
 
 Simon de Micham. 
 
 Simon de Micham. 
 
 William Ruffatus. 
 
 Reymond de 'a Goth.... 
 
 Henry III. 
 
 Henry III. 
 
 Henry III. 
 
 Henry III. 
 
 Henry III. 
 
 Henry III. Edw. I. 
 
 Edward I. 
 
 Edward I. 
 
 Edward I. 
 
 Edward I. 
 
 Edward I. and II... 
 Edward II. and III. 
 
 Honorius III. 
 
 Gregory IX. 
 Innocent IV. 
 Alexander IV. 
 Urban IV. 
 Gregory X. 
 Martin IV. 
 Honorius IV. 
 Nicholas IV. 
 Nicholas IV. 
 Boniface VII. 
 John XXII. 
 
 have been one or more bishops between Brithwoldand Herman; but neither Godwin, Le Neve, Dodsworth, nor any otiier writer except Heylin, alludes 
 lentions two, Livingus and Athelwinus. 
 
 ;ed by Osmund, by charter, in 1091. 
 
 iserted only the names of those who reigned at the time each Bishop was installed, but on some occasions there were three or four popes contemporary 
 
 P 
 
106 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF BISHOPS, ETC. 
 
 No. 
 
 BISHOPS. 
 
 Consecrated or Translated. 
 
 Died or Translated, 
 
 Buried at 
 
 
 
 
 To . 
 
 
 13 
 
 
 .1330 
 
 
 Salisbury .. 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 Bath and Wells, 1388 
 
 15 
 
 
 ........ Sept. 20," 1388 
 
 
 Westminster 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 . May's, 1107 
 
 Salisbury .. 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 Robert Hallatn ... 0 e . 
 
 
 ... Sept. 4, 1417 
 
 Constance .. 
 
 19 
 
 
 
 
 Salisbury .. 
 
 20 
 
 
 .Oct 26 1427 
 
 
 21 
 
 William Aiscough**.. 
 
 
 
 Eddington . 
 
 22 
 
 Richard Beauchamp.. 
 
 Hereford, Aug. 14, 1450 
 
 
 Salisbury .. 
 
 23 
 
 Lionel Woodville .... 
 
 . April 17, 1482 
 
 .1484 
 
 Salisbury .. 
 
 24 
 
 Thomas Langton .... 
 
 St. Davids, Feb. 9, 1184 
 
 .... Winchester, 1493 
 
 Winchester.. 
 
 25 
 
 
 .Feb, 23, 1493 
 
 .Aug. 23 1499 
 
 Salisbury .. 
 
 20 
 
 Henry Dean . 
 
 Bangor, March 22, 1500 
 
 .... Canterbury, 1501 
 
 Canterbury.. 
 
 27 
 
 Edmund Audley .... 
 
 Hereford, April 2, 1502 
 
 . Aug. 23, 1524 
 
 Salisbury .. 
 
 28 
 
 
 .Dec. 2, 1524 
 
 
 Rome.. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 29 
 
 Nicholas Shaxton .... 
 
 
 Resigned, July 1, 1539 
 
 Cambridge .. 
 
 30 
 
 John Salcot, or Capon 
 
 ..Bangor, July 31, 1539 
 
 .. Oct. 0, 1557 
 
 Salisbury .. 
 
 31 
 
 John Jewell . 
 
 
 .Sept. 23. 1571 
 
 Salisbury .. 
 
 32 
 
 Edmund Gheast .... 
 
 Rochester, Dec. 24, 1571 
 
 
 Salisbury .. 
 
 33 
 
 
 
 .York. 1588 
 
 York . 
 
 34 
 
 John Coldwell. 
 
 
 ........ Oct 14, 1590 
 
 Salisbury .. 
 
 35 
 
 Henry Cotton. 
 
 . Nov. 12, 1598 
 
 . May 7, 1015 
 
 _ 
 
 3G 
 
 Robert Abbot. 
 
 
 .... March 2, 1617-8 
 
 Salisbury .. 
 
 37 
 
 Martin Fotherby .... 
 
 .. April 19’ 1018 
 
 ... .March 11, 1619-20 
 
 London .. .. 
 
 38 
 
 Robert Tounson. 
 
 
 ....May 15, 1621 
 
 Westminster 
 
 39 
 
 John Bavenant ...... 
 
 ........ Nov. 18, 1021 
 
 
 Salisbury .. 
 
 40 
 
 Brian Dnppa. 
 
 
 
 Westminster 
 
 41 
 
 Humphrey Henchman 
 
 
 London, Sept. 15, 1663 
 
 
 42 
 
 
 
 . Nov. 17 1005 
 
 Oxford .... 
 
 43 
 
 Alexander Hyde .... 
 
 .. .. ..Dec. 31, 1005 
 
 .Aug. 22," 1067 
 
 Salisbury .. 
 
 44 
 
 Seth Ward ... 
 
 .. Exeter, Sept. 12, 1667 
 
 ...... JanTfl, 1688-9 
 
 Salisbury .. 
 
 45 
 
 Gilbert Burnet . 
 
 
 .. March, 17,1714-15 
 
 Clerkenwell 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 . Durham, 1721 
 
 
 47 
 
 Richard Willis. 
 
 Gloucester, Nov. 21, 1721 
 
 .... Winchester, 1723 
 
 Winchester.. 
 
 48 
 
 Benjamin Hoadley .. 
 
 Hereford, Oct. 29, 1723 
 
 ..•, 1731 
 
 Winchester.. 
 
 49 
 
 Thomas Sherlock .. 
 
 
 
 Fulham .... 
 
 50 
 
 John Gilbert. 
 
 .“ Llandaff, 1748 
 
 
 
 51 
 
 John Thomas.. 
 
 
 
 Winchester.. 
 
 52 
 
 Rob. Hay Drummond 
 
 
 .York, 1761 
 
 
 53 
 
 John Thomas. 
 
 
 
 Salisbury .. 
 
 54 
 
 John Hume . 
 
 
 .July 27 1782 
 
 Salisbury .. 
 
 55 
 
 Shute Barrington .... 
 
 
 
 Living. 
 
 50 
 
 John Douglas . 
 
 
 .....May, 1807 
 
 Windsor .... 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Deans. 
 
 ) JJertrand de r argis } 
 \ Reynold Orsini .... 5 
 Robert de Braybrooke .. 
 Tliomas Montacute .... 
 
 John Chandler. 
 
 John Chandler. 
 
 John Chandler.. 
 
 Simon Sidenham . 
 
 Thomas Broun .. 
 
 ^ Nicholas Billesdon ^ 
 
 Adam Moleyns 
 C Richard Leyet .... J 
 « Gilbert K.ymer ....'] 
 ? James Goldwell.... J 
 C John Davyson ,... j 
 
 John Davyson .. 
 
 Edward Cheyne ...... 
 
 Edward Cheyne .. 
 
 Edward Cheyne 
 < Thomas Rowthall.. J 
 ( William Atwater .. 5 
 C John Longland .... T 
 -J Cuthbert Tunstall.. ’ 
 t Raymund Pade .... j 
 Peter Vannes. 
 
 Thomas Cole 
 
 f Peter Yannes.A 
 
 William Brad bridge ; 
 
 Edmund Freake .. y 
 
 John Piers. 
 
 John Bridges.... 
 
 John Bridges. 
 
 John Gourden ... 
 
 John Gourden ........ 
 
 John Gourden .. 
 
 5 John Williams .... ) 
 
 l John Bowles ...... $ 
 
 S Edmund Mason.... jl 
 
 X Richard Baylie .... 5 
 
 Richard Baylie ... 
 
 Richard Baylie.. 
 
 Richard Baylie. 
 
 Richard Baylie. 
 
 Ralph Brideoake ...... 
 
 f Thomas Pierce .... A 
 
 7 Robert Woodward.. ( 
 ) Edward Young ■ • • • ( 
 v. John Younger .... 3 
 
 John Younger . 
 
 John Younger . 
 
 John Clarke ... 
 
 John Clarke . 
 
 John Clarke .. 
 
 Thomas Green . 
 
 Thomas Green . 
 
 Thomas Green ....... 
 
 Rowney Noel. 
 
 John Ekins. 
 
 John Ekins... 
 
 Charles Talbot . 
 
 Kings. 
 
 Edward III. 
 
 Edw. III. Rich. II. 
 
 Richard II. 
 
 Richard II. Hen. IV 
 
 Henry IV. .. 
 
 Henry IV. and V... 
 Henry V. and VI. .. 
 Henry VI. 
 
 Henry VI. 
 
 Henry VI. Edw. IV 
 
 Edw. IV. Rich. III. 
 Rich, III. Hen. VII 
 
 Henry VII. 
 
 Henry VII. 
 
 Hen. VII. and VIII. 
 
 Henry VIII. 
 
 Henry VIII. 
 
 S Henry VIII. .. } 
 X Edw. VI. Mary $ 
 
 Elizabeth . 
 
 Elizabeth .. 
 
 Elizabeth . 
 
 Elizabeth .. 
 
 Elizabeth, James I. 
 
 James I. ..... 
 
 James I.. 
 
 James I. 
 
 James I. Charles I. 
 
 Charles I. and II. .. 
 
 Charles II..... 
 
 Charles II. 
 
 Charles II. 
 
 Charles II. James II. 
 
 William.A 
 
 Mary .£ 
 
 Anne . j 
 
 George I. ... 
 
 George I. ........ 
 
 George I. and II. .. 
 
 George II. 
 
 George II. ........ 
 
 George II. and III. 
 
 George III.. 
 
 George III. 
 
 George III. 
 
 George III. 
 
 George III. 
 
 George III. 
 
 Popes. 
 
 John XXII. 
 
 Gregory XI. 
 Urban VI. 
 Benedict XIII. 
 Gregory XII. 
 Alexander V. 
 Martin V. 
 Martin V. 
 
 Eugenius IV. 
 
 Nicholas V. 
 
 Sixtus IV. 
 Innocent VIII. 
 Alexander VI. 
 Alexander VI. 
 
 Alexander VI. 
 
 Clement VII. 
 
 Paul III. 
 Paul III. 
 
 Pius IV. 
 
 Pius V. 
 Gregory XIII. 
 Gregory XIV. 
 Clement VIII. 
 Paul V. 
 
 Paul V. 
 
 Paul V. 
 
 Gregory XV. 
 
 Urban VIII. 
 Alexander VII. 
 Alexander VII. 
 Alexander VII. 
 Clement IX. 
 
 AlexanderVIII. 
 
 Clement XI. 
 Innocent XIII. 
 Innocent XIII. 
 Clement XII. 
 Benedict XIV. 
 Benedict XIV. 
 Clement XIII. 
 Clement XIII. 
 Clement XIII. 
 Pius VI. 
 
 Pius VI. 
 
 Pius VII. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 A. 
 
 Abbot, Robert, bp. 48, 111 ; portrait, 112. 
 
 Aiscough, William, bp. 36 ; murdered, ib. 
 
 Altars, 83. 
 
 Arches, inverted, 81. 
 
 Architecture, peculiar uniformity in that of Salis¬ 
 bury Cathedral, 65. 
 
 Audley, Edmund, bp. 39 ; chantry chapel, 98. 
 
 Author, his duty defined in the present work, 2. 
 
 B. 
 
 Barrington, the Honourable Shute, bp. 61 ; por¬ 
 trait, 112. 
 
 Beauchamp, Richard, bp. 36; chancellor of the 
 garter, 37; tomb, 90; chapel, 104. 
 
 Bennet, Thomas, monument, 100. 
 
 Bingham, Robert, bp. 27 ; tomb, 98. 
 
 Bishops of Wiltshire, 4, 5 ; of Sarum, 6-18; of 
 Salisbury, 19-64 : boy bishop, 87. 
 
 Blythe, John, bp. 38 ; monument and effigy, 93. 
 
 Braundston, John de, bp. 29. 
 
 Bridport, Egidius, Henry or Giles de, bp. ; finish¬ 
 ed the cathedral, 28 ; monument and effigy, 95. 
 
 Bubwith, Nicholas, bp. 34. 
 
 Bull, of Pope Honorius, for translating the church 
 from Sarum, 19, 20, note. 
 
 Burnet, Gilbert, bp. early promotions in the 
 church, 54 ; writings, 55; advanced to Salis¬ 
 bury, 56 ; death, ib. ; character, 56, 57 ; 
 portrait, 112. 
 
 C. 
 
 Campeggio, Lawrence, bp. cardinal, and judge in 
 Henry the VIII's divorce, 40. 
 
 Capon, John, bp. 41, 42 ; tomb, 95. 
 
 Castles, ancient, on the number of, 13, note. 
 
 Cathedral of Old Sarum, built and endowed, 
 6-8; its ornaments, &c. 7, note; Use, or 
 Breviary, 9. 
 
 Cathedral of Salisbury, foundation of, 19-22 ; 
 consecration, 23; offerings to, 24, 25 ; first 
 canons of, 24, note; privileges granted to, 
 26, 27 ; building continued, 27, 28 ; finished, 
 28 ; peculiar uniformity of the architecture, 
 65; distinct portions, 66; its unencumbered 
 state and situation, 66, 67 ; north front, PI. 
 II. 67 ; when seen to best advantage, ib. ; east 
 end, PI. III. singular symmetry and loftiness, 
 68 ; south side, bishop’s garden, ib.; chapter- 
 house, wood-cut, 69; south transept, tower, 
 staircase turret, PI. VIII. 69; west front, PI. 
 V. its defects and beauties, ib.; compart¬ 
 ments and divisions, 70; buttresses, porticoes, 
 arches, capitals, PI. XVI. ib. ; window's, cano¬ 
 pies, statues, mouldings, ib.; east side of west 
 
 front, PI. XVIII. ib. ; plan, walls, &c. 71 ; 
 north porch, PI. IV. its discordancy, ib.; 
 tower, Pis. VII. XXII. its divisions, pilasters, 
 columns, and turrets, ib. ; Spire, thickness of 
 its walls, ib.; internal and external structure, 
 72; divisions, style of architecture, height, 
 ib.; difficulty of erecting, 73; declination, 
 74; cloister, Pis. XVI. 1. XXI. 75; chapter- 
 house, Pis. XVII. XXIII. XIV. capitals, 
 sculpture, 75, 76 ; interior of church, nave, 
 Pis. II. XVI. 77 ; great transept, Pis. IX. X. 
 XII. XXII. buttresses, piscina, organ-screen, 
 77, 78; painted w'indow, 79; lady chapel, 
 PI. XXIV. clustered columns, single shafts, 
 altar-table, screen, painted wdndows, 80; 
 peculiarity of pillars, ib. ; walls, 81; choir, 
 78 ; north aile, PI. XIII. 81 ; Audley chantry, 
 clustered columns, 78; bishop’s throne, 81; 
 small northern transept, PI. XI. ib. ; screen, 
 altar monument, effigy of bishop Poore, ib. ; 
 arches, ib. ; capitals, wood-cut, lavatory, 
 canopy', 82 ; PI. XV. part of old organ screen, 
 ib.; exterior parts, PI. VI. pinnacles, ib; 
 staircase turret, ib.; PI. XXV. pinnacle, por¬ 
 tion of original tower, ib. ; pediment, ib.; 
 sculptured crosses, 83; riches of cathedral, 
 relics, inventory of furniture and appendages, 
 84, 85, note. 
 
 Cathedrals, their grandeur and importance, 2; 
 preface, 2; duties of deans, &c. 103. 
 
 Chandler, John, bp 35. 
 
 Chapel, lady, described, 80, 104. 
 
 Cheney, Sir John, effigy of, 92. 
 
 Choir, described, 78. 
 
 Chorister bishop, account of and effigy, 87, 88. 
 
 Coldwell, John, bp. 47. 
 
 Corner, William de la, bp. 29. 
 
 Cotton, Henry, bp. 47, 48. 
 
 D. 
 
 Davenant, John, bp. 49, 50; monument, 101; 
 portrait, 112. 
 
 Dean, Henry, bp. 39. 
 
 Dimensions of the church, 102. 
 
 Diocess of Wiltshire, origin of, 3 ; episcopal 
 seat of, ib; bishops of, 4, 5 ; united to Sher¬ 
 borne, 5 ; combined sees removed to Sarum, 
 5, 6 ; settled at Salisbury, 20. 
 
 Douglas, John, bp. memoir of, 62-64 ; portrait, 
 112. 
 
 Drummond, the Honourable Robert Hay, bp. 60; 
 portrait, 112. 
 
 Duppa, Brian, bp. attachment to King Charles I. 
 50; promotions, 52; portrait 112. 
 
 Q 
 
108 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 E. 
 
 Earle, John, bp. 51 ; attachment to Charles II. 
 
 and promotion, 52; his literary works, ib. 
 Earle, William Benson, Esq. monument, 100. 
 Erghum, Ralph, bp. 33. 
 
 F. 
 
 Fisher, John, bp. 64 ; portrait, 112. 
 
 Fotherby, Martin, bp. 48* 49. 
 
 Furniture of the cathedral, 84. 
 
 G. 
 
 Gandavo, Simon de, bp. 30. 
 
 Garter, chancellor of the order of, granted to 
 Bishop Beauchamp, 37; held by the bishops 
 of Salisbury till A. D. 1553, ib. ; restored to 
 them A. D. 1669, ib. 
 
 Gheast, Edmund, bp. 47 ; tomb, 99. 
 
 Gilbert, John, bp. 60. 
 
 Gorges, Sir Thomas, monument to, 97. 
 
 H. 
 
 Hallam, Robert, bp. 35. 
 
 Harris, James, Esq. monument, 100. 
 
 Henchman, Humphrey, bp. 51 ; portrait, 112. 
 Herman, Bishop of Wiltshire, and afterwards of 
 Sarum, 5. 
 
 Hertford, Edward Earl of, monument to, 97. 
 Hoadley, Benjamin, bp. 59; portrait, 112. 
 
 Hume, John, bp. 61 ; tomb, 100. 
 
 Hungerford chapel, 83-96; tomb, 91 ; effigy, ib. 
 Hyde, Alexander, bp. 52 ; tomb, 100. 
 
 J. 
 
 Jewel, John, bp. memoir of, 42-46; persecuted 
 by Queen Mary, 43 ; promoted by Queen 
 Elizabeth, 44; his writings, 45 ; character, 46 ; 
 gravestone, 99; portrait, 112. 
 
 Joceline, Bishop of Sarum, 16, 17 ; monument, 
 89. 
 
 L. 
 
 Langton, Thomas, bp. 38. 
 
 Long, Walter, Esq. monument of, 101. 
 
 Longspee, Nicholas, bp. 30. 
 
 Longspee, Earl of Salisbury, 92, 93 ; effigy of, ib. 
 
 M. 
 
 Mortival, Roger de, bp. 31 ; tomb, 98. 
 
 Metford, Richard, bp. 34; monument, 94. 
 Mompesson, Sir Richard, knt. monument of, 94. 
 Montacute, John de, tomb and effigy of, 90. 
 
 N. 
 
 Nave, described, 77. 
 
 Neville, Robert, bp. 35. 
 
 O. 
 
 Osmund, Bishop of Sarum, built and endowed 
 the cathedral, 6-8 ; compiled the Use or Bre¬ 
 viary, 9 ; canonized, 10 ; tomb, 91. 
 
 P. 
 
 Parson, first used for one in holy orders, 17. 
 
 Piers, John, bp. 47. 
 
 Pinnacles, 82. 
 
 Poore, Herbert, Bishop of Sarum, 17, 18. 
 
 Poore, Richard, bp. 19 ; translated the cathedral, 
 21; foundation of ditto, 21, 22; consecra¬ 
 tion, 23 ; offerings to, 24, 25 ; first canons of, 
 24, note ; privileges granted to, 26, 27 ; effigv 
 of, 99. 
 
 R. 
 
 Riches of the cathedral, 83, 84. 
 
 Roger, Bishop of Sarum, 10 ; his early rise in the 
 church, 11; favoured by Henry I. 11, 12; 
 persecuted by Stephen, 13, 14; death and 
 character, 15, 16; tomb, 89. 
 
 S. 
 
 Sarum, Old, site of a Roman station, its ancient 
 and present state, 5, 6, note; cathedral of, 
 built and endowed, 6, 7 ; its ornaments, &c. 
 7, note: see removed to Salisbury, 19. 
 
 Scammel, Walter, bp. 29. 
 
 Shaxton, Nicholas, bp. 41. 
 
 Sherlock, Thomas, bp. 59 ; portrait, 112. 
 
 Spire, described, 71, 72 ; remarks on spires, 74 ; 
 height of St. Paul’s and others, 72, note. 
 
 Stourton, Lord, tomb of, 91. 
 
 T. 
 
 Talbot, William, bp. 58; portrait, 112. 
 
 Thomas, John, bp. 60; portrait, 112. 
 
 Ditto, ditto, 60. 
 
 Tounson, Robert, bp. 49. 
 
 Tower, described, 71. 
 
 Transepts, described, 69, 77-79. 
 
 Turberville, Dr. monument to, 100. 
 
 U. 
 
 Use or Breviary of the church of Sarum, 9. 
 
 W. 
 
 Walter, Hubert, Bishop of Sarum, 17. 
 
 Waltham, John, bp. 33 ; excommunicated, ib. 
 
 Ward, Seth, Dean and Bishop of Exeter, repairs 
 and ornaments that cathedral, 53; translated 
 to Salisbury, ib. ; death and character, 54; 
 monument and bust, 101 ; portrait, 112. 
 
 Wickampton, Robert de, bp. 29 ; monument, 97. 
 
 Windows, painted, 79, 80. 
 
 Woodville, Lionel, bp. 38 ; monument, 94. 
 
 Wyle, Walter de la, bp. 29 ; tomb and effigy, 92. 
 
 Wyvile, Robert de, bp. 31 ; his dispute with the 
 Earl of Salisbury, 32; monument, 100 
 
 Wyndham, Thomas, Lord, monument of, 100. 
 
 Y. 
 
 York, William de, bp. 28 ; monument, 96. 
 
LIST OF BOOKS, ESSAYS, AND PRINTS, 
 
 WHICH HAVE BEEN PUBLISHED RELATING TO 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL; 
 
 ALSO, A LIST OF ENGRAVED PORTRAITS OF ITS BISHOPS. 
 
 THIS LIST IS SUBJOINED TO GRATIFY THE BIBLIOGRAPHER, THE CRITICAL ANTIQUARY, AND 
 THE ILLUSTRATOR; AS WELL AS TO SHEW, ATONE VIEW, THE SOURCES WHENCE THE 
 CONTENTS OF THE PRECEDING PAGES HAVE BEEN DERIVED. 
 
 When Bishop Nicholson published the third edition of his useful “ Historical Library," folio, 
 1736, he seems to have been unacquainted with any printed book about Salisbury Cathedral; yet it 
 is evident that the following volume had been published : 
 
 I. “ The History and Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of Salisbury, and the Abbey Church 
 of Bath, including an Architectural Account of this Cathedral by Sir Christopher Wren,” 8vo. 
 1719. Mr. Gough, “ British Topography,” attributes this volume to Dr. Rawlinson, and pro¬ 
 nounces it “ extremely incorrect.” He might also have added, it is very trivial and unsatisfactory 
 in every part. A second edition was printed in 1723, and a third in 1728. Copies of these are 
 in Gough’s collection at Oxford, with MS. notes, by Browne Willis, Cole, and Hutchins. Sir R. 
 Hoare has a large paper copy of the first edition. At the end of the volume is a reprint of a scarce 
 tract, which was published in folio, and suppressed in 1683. This occasioned the controversy and 
 litigation between Dean Peirce and Bishop Ward: when the former published his “ Vindication of 
 the King's Sovereign Rights ,” Sj-c.; “ printed only to save the labour of transcribing several 
 copies, and to prevent mistakes,” &c. 1683. 
 
 II. “ A Series of particular and useful Observations, made with great diligence and care, upon 
 that admirable Structure, the Cathedral Church at Salisbury: calculated for the Use and Amusement 
 of Gentlemen and other curious Persons, as well as for the Assistance of such Artists as may be 
 employed in Buildings of the like kind. By all which, they will be enabled to form a right 
 judgment upon this or any ancient Structure, either in the Gothic or other Styles of building. By 
 Francis Price, Author of the British Carpenter [and Surveyor to this Cathedral.] London, 1753;’’ 
 4to. This volume contains eleven plates, engraved by Fourdrinier, from drawings by the Author, 
 but executed in a very bad style. Price having access to the Archives, made extracts from a Latin 
 manuscript written by William de Wanda, giving an account of the building of the present church, 
 and Pope Honorius’s bulls for the same purpose. Price’s book is become scarce ; but its plates, and 
 nearly the whole of the letter-press, are reprinted in 
 
 III. “ A Description of that admirable Structure, the Cathedral Church of Salisbury. With 
 the Chapels, Monuments, Grave-stones, and their Inscriptions. To which is prefixed, An Account 
 of Old Sarum. Illustrated with many curious Copper-plates.” 4to. Salisbury, 1787; pp. 200 ; 
 7s. sewed. The deeds and charters, in this volume, were transcribed and translated by W. Boucher, 
 chapter clerk. 
 
 IV. “ Episcopus Puerorum in die Innocentium ; or, A Discoverie of an ancient Custom in the 
 Church of Sarum, making an Anniversarie Bishop among the Choristers. London, printed by 
 William Dugard, 1649;” 4to. Another edition by T. Williams, London, 1671. This essay is 
 among the posthumous works of John Gregory. 
 
 V. “ Antiquitates Sarisburienses,” first printed in 8vo. 1771, and again in 1777, is the production 
 of the Rev. Edward Ledvvich, author of the “ Antiquities of Ireland.” Besides a reprint of the 
 Salisbury Ballad, with notes by Dr. Pope, and general Accounts of Salisbury and Old Sarum, 
 it contains “ Lives of the Bishops of Salisbury,” (chiefly taken from Godwin); “ a Register of 
 
 Q 2 
 
110 
 
 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL :-LIST OF BOOKS, ESSAYS, ETC. 
 
 the Riches of the Cathedral, 28 Henry VIII;” and Original Charters, with “ an accurate 
 Description of the Cathedral, Chapter-house, &c. from actual survey.” 
 
 VI. “ A Guide to the Cathedral Church of Salisbury. With a particular Account of the late 
 
 great Improvements made therein, under the Direction of James Wyatt, Esq. ’ By W. Dodsworth, 
 Verger of the Cathedral. 1798. 12mo. pp. 78. 5th edition. 
 
 VII. “ An Historical Account of the Episcopal See, and Cathedral Church of Sarum, or 
 Salisbury; comprising Biographical Notices of the Bishops; the History of the Establshment from 
 the earliest Period; and a Description of the Monuments. Illustrated with Engravings.” By 
 William Dodsworth. Salisbury, 1814. Imperial 4to. Al. 4s.; and Royal 4to. 3/. 3s. pp. 260. 
 
 VIII. “ The History and Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of Salisbury,” in sixteen pages, 
 with eight plates, constitute the ninth number of a “ Graphic and Historical Description of the 
 Cathedrals of Great Britain.” 1814. Demy 8vo. 7s. 6d.; Super Royal 8vo. 12s.; 4to. 1/. Is. 
 
 IX. “ Dissertation on the modern Style of altering ancient Cathedrals, as exemplified in the 
 
 Cathedral of Salisbury.” By the Rev. J. Milner, D.D. First edition 1798; second edition, with 
 two plates of the altar end of Winchester and that of Salisbury Cathedral, 1811. 4-to. pp. 39. 
 
 These, I believe, are all the separate books that have been printed relating to the Church ; but 
 in volume xv. of the “ Beauties of England ,” is an account of it and its monuments, the bishop's 
 palace, &c. In Gilpin’s “ Western Counties," are remarks on the cathedral, its painted windows, 
 cloister, chapter-house, and bishop’s palace. 
 
 Browne Willis, in his “ Survey of Cathedrals ,” vol. iii. 1742, merely specifies the extent of 
 the diocess, its officers, names of churches and chapels, with the patrons of each living, and 
 religious bouses to which they are attached, classed in the respective archdeaconries and deaneries. 
 This list is however much more copious, accurate, and particular in Bacon’s “ Liber Regis," 4to. ; 
 which specifies the extent and jurisdiction of each archdeaconry and deanery, with the extent and 
 valuation of every living, as entered in the king’s books, &c. 
 
 Tanner’s “ Notitia Monastica,” folio, 1787, has a short notice of the bishopric, with references 
 to many books and MSS. relating to the same. 
 
 In Dugdale’s “ Monasticon Anglicanum ,” vol. iii. part 1, p. 375, are historical notices of the 
 foundation and translation of the cathedral, by John Brompton, Matthew Westminster, and 
 Matthew' Paris; the charter of Bishop Osmund for the first endowment of the canons, A.D. 1091 ; 
 and the charter of Henry III. (in his eleventh year), confirming the translation of the church, 
 and granting privileges to the citizens of New Sarum. 
 
 In Rymer’s “ Feedera," &c. vol. iv. p. 338, are tw'O letters from Edward HI. to the Pope and 
 Cardinals, on the controversy in the court of Rome, relating to the prebend of Blebary in the 
 church of the blessed Mary, to which the masters of the knights templars, before the abolition of 
 the order, were accustomed to present.—Vol. vii. p. 702, pat 14, Richard II. is a license from 
 the bishop to his clerks and auditor, to defend a cause pending in the court of Rome between the 
 bishop and his chapter.—Vol. x. p. 267, pat. 1, Henry VI. a royal license to the dean and chapter 
 to acquire lands, or appropriate churches to the value of £50 per annum in aid of repairing the 
 belfry in the middle of the church.—Vol. xii. p. 93, pat. 18, Edward IV. the grant of the chan¬ 
 cellorship of the order of the garter, to the bishop and his successors.—Vol. xiv. p. 568, prt. 28, 
 Henry VIII. the King’s appointment of Peter Vannes, Prebendary of Bedwin, to assist Richard 
 Pacy, Dean of Salisbury, then bereaved of his senses. 
 
 Mr. Gough, in “ British Topography ,” has printed a long enumeration of the Missals, 
 Breviaries, and other books belonging to the cathedral service of Sarum. The first missal is dated 
 1494, and printed abroad; the last printed in London, 1557. See p. 9 of this work. 
 
 In Wilkins’s “ Conciliai Magna Britannia ,” four volumes, folio, are the following documents 
 relating to the cathedral. 
 
 Vol. I. 459. Excommunication of Bishop Joceline, by Pope Alexander III. An. 1170. Ex. 
 reg. Cant. A. fol. 14.—473. Absolution of Bishop Joceline, by Pope Alexander III. An. 1172. 
 Ex. Reg. Hoveden in Ann.—551-569. History and Acts of the chapter of the church of Sarum, 
 from A. 1217 to 1228. Ex reg. vet. Osmundi, epis. Sarum, p. 119. This record contains Bishop 
 Herbert’s design to translate the church to some more convenient place. Bishop Richard’s pro¬ 
 secution of the design. Pope Honorius Ill’s indulgence for the translation. Convocation of 
 the canons to raise the money for the erection of the church. Foundation stone laid. 
 
SALISBURY CATHEDRAL:-LIST OF BOOKS, ESSAYS, AND PRINTS. Ill 
 
 Election of a dean. Consecration of the newly-erected church. Bull of Pope Gregory IX. 
 for the canonization of Bishop Osmund. Removal of the bodies of Bishops Osmund, Roger, 
 and Joceline, from the castle of Sarum to the new fabric. Election of Robert Bingham.— 
 599-602. Constitutions of Bishop Richard Poore, A. 1223. Ex. vet. Cod. MS. in bibl. coll. 
 Corp. Christi. Oxon. — 677. Festivals to be observed in the church of Salisbury.—713. Con¬ 
 stitutions of Bishop Bridport, A. 1256. Ex. vet. Cod. id.—741. Customs and statutes of the 
 church of Salisbury, A. 1259. Ex. regist. capitali Glasguen. in bibl. juridica Edinburg - , p 2. 
 
 Vol. II. 66. Appointment of a coadjutor to Bishop Wickampton on account of his age and 
 infirmities. Ex. reg. Peckham, fol. 77. a.—113. Appeal of the Prior and Chapter of Christ 
 Church, Canterbury, against the consecration of Walter Scammel, Bishop elect of Sarum. ib. fol. 
 114. a. 
 
 Vol. III. 12. Mandate from the Archbishop of Canterbury to the Bishop of Bath and Wells, 
 on injuries sustained by the Bishop of Sarum. [Wyvil] 1351. Ex. reg. Islip. fol. 45. a.—151. 
 Bull of Pope Urban Vi. for preserving the privileges of the church of Sarum, 1380. Ex. reg. 
 Sudbury, fol. 74. b.—432. Letter from King Henry VI. to Pope Martin V. on the canonization 
 of Bishop Osmund, 1424. Ex. MS. Cott. Cleopat c. iv. fol. 206. — Letter from the prelates 
 and clergy of the province of Salisbury to Pope Martin V. on the canonization of Osmund, 
 ib. 207.—613. Festival of St. Osmund appointed, at a convocation of prelates and clergy of 
 the province of Canterbury, held in St. Paul’s Church, London, 1480. Ex. reg. Bourchier, fol. 26. 
 
 Vol. IV. 337. Articles to be inquired of in the ordinary visitation of the Archbishop of Canterbury 
 within the diocess of Sarum, 1588. Reg. Whitgift, fol. 400. a. 
 
 ACCOUNTS OF BISHOPS. 
 
 Bishop Godwin first drew up a list of the prelates, with brief remarks, in his “ Catalogue of 
 the Bishops of England 4to. 1601. This was repu lished in 1615; “ so much augmented,” 
 saith the Author ‘ to the Reader,’ “as it may seem to be another and not the same volume.” 
 The addition consisted of “a true history of the first plantation of the Christian religion 
 among us additional accounts of bishops, w'ith new catalogues of the Bishops of St. Asaph 
 and Bangor; and a “ brief rehearsal of such of our English nation as either were, or are 
 reported to have been cardinals of the church of Rome.” Bishop Nicholson describes this work as 
 full of “ gross faults, from the author’s and piinter’s mistakes.” Wharton also accuses the bishop 
 ol being ungrateful to his authorities, “ guilty of chronological mistakes,” confounding the com¬ 
 mencement of the years, sometimes at Christmas, and sometimes at Michaelmas ; and puritani¬ 
 cally vilifying some of the popish bishops. Whether from rapidity of the sale of the second 
 edition, or from ambition of appearing in “ classical language,” Godwin re-wrote the work in 
 Latin, with collections, and published it in 4to. 1616. A new, enlarged, and much improved 
 edition of this catalogue w - as edited by Richardson in 1743, one volume, folio; with a portrait 
 of Godwin, additions, corrections, notes, &c. the title “ De Prcesulibus Anglice Commentarius.” 
 At the end of Isaacsons “ Saturni Ephemerides, sive Tabula Historico-chronologica,” is a 
 “ chronological table, containing the series, or succession of all the archbishops and bishops, with 
 an abridgment of their acts,” &c. Fol. 1633. 
 
 Sir John Harrington, in “ A hriefe View of the State of the Church ,” 1653, has given short 
 notices of Bishops Jewel, Coldwell, and Cotton. This tract is reprinted in “ Nugss Antiquae,” 
 edited by Thomas Park, F S.A. two volumes, 8vo. 1804. But the most complete and accurate 
 catalogue of the bishops that has hitherto been published, is in ,l Fasti Ecclesice Anglicana ; or, An 
 Essay towards deducing a regular Succession of all the principal Dignitaries in each Cathedral, 
 collegiate Church, or Chapel v now in being), in England and Wales, from the first erection 
 thereof, to this present Year 1715, &c. Attempted by John Le Neve, Gentleman.” Fol. 1716. 
 
 “ The Life of the Right Reverend Father in God, Seth, [Ward] Lord Bishop of Salisbury, 
 and Chancellor of the Most Noble Order of the Garter. By Dr. Walter Pope.” London, 1697 ; 
 12mo. pp. 193. 
 
 “ The Life of Robert Abbot, Bishop of Salisbury,” pp. 12, is annexed to the “ Life of Dr. 
 George Abbot, Lord Archbishop of Canterbury.” Guildford, 1777 ; 8vo. 
 
112 SALISBURY CATHEDRAL:—LIST OF PORTRAITS AND PRINTS. 
 
 ENGRAVED PORTRAITS OF THE BISHOPS OF SALISBURY. 
 
 John Jewel: head by Vertue, in the “Continuation of Burnet’s Reformation”—in Heroo- 
 logia—in Boissard—in 12mo.—in his “ Apology,” 8vo. 168.5. Bromley and Granger A 
 Robert Abbot : head in Heroologia—in Freherus—4to. F. Delaram, sc. Bromley. 
 
 John Davenant : oval, in “ Middleton’s Biographica Evangelicae.” T. Trotter , sc. 
 
 Brian Duppa : in his “ Helps to Devotion,” 1674; 12mo. R. White , sc. 
 
 Humphrey Henchman : half length, mez. Lely, del. 
 
 Seth Ward: large fol.— D. Logan, ad vivum del. et sc. 1678, mez. Bromley. —His Portrait, 
 by Greenhill, is in the Town Hall, Salisbury ;—and another in the Bishop’s Palace. 
 
 Gilbert Burnet: fol. Lutterel, p. Vand. Banc, sc.—mez. E. Cooper, exc.—fol. Lutterel, p. 
 Vr. Giest, sc.—mez. J. Cole, sc. — 8vo. Dia Hoadley, J. Huubraken .—8vo. V. Hove .—4to. 
 mez. ad vivum, Lutterel .—8vo. Petit .—4to. D. Hoadley, B. Picast, 1724.— 8vo. Des 
 Rochers. —mez. J. Riley. J. Smith, 1790. —4to. mez. J. Smith. —fol. Hoadley, Vertue, 1723. 
 William Talbot: as Chancellor of the Garter, mez. G. Kneller, p. Faber, sc. — Ditto, fol. 
 G. Kneller, p. Vertue, sc. 1720, Bromley and Noble .—Quarto, in Hutchinson’s History of 
 Durham, Noble. 
 
 Richard Willis: mez. sitting in a carved chair, M. Dahl, p. Simon, sc. Bromley and Noble. 
 Thomas Sherlock: V. Loo, p. 1740, Ardell, sc. mez. 1757.—Sitting as Chancellor of the 
 Garter, Jones, p Lelius, mez. 1737.—Sitting, a book in his right hand, fol. V. Loo, p. S. 
 Ravenet, sc. 1756. Bromley. 
 
 Benjamin Hoadley': aet. 67, 1743, Sitting in Robes, sh. W. Hogarth, p. B. Baron, sc.— 
 Ait. 80, Profile prefixed to his works, 1773, fol. N. Hone, p. J. Basire, sc. 1772.—Oval, in a 
 canonical habit, mez. J. Faber. — Altered to a bishop’s, with Simon's name.—Canonical habit 
 altered to a bishop’s, fol. G. Vertue, sc. Oval, in a canonical habit, 4to. mez. Bromley. 
 
 John Thomas: Standing, Robes of the Garter, mez. B. Wilson, p. R. Houston, sc. 177L 
 Bromley. 
 
 Robert Hay Drummond: Half length, with purse and dress of Chancellor of the Garter, 
 J. Reynolds, p. J. Watson, sc. mez. 
 
 Sijute Barrington : as Chancellor of the Garter, G. Romney, p. J. Jones, sc. sh. mez. 1786. 
 A bust, profile, European Magazine, 1788, head, Edridge, del. Picart, sc. in Gallery of 
 British Portraits, 1810. 
 
 John Douglas, Three-quarters, sitting as Chancellor of the Garter, sh. mez. W. Beechy,p. 
 W. Ward, sc. 1790.—Head, engraved by G. Bartolozzi, from a drawing by W. Evans, in 
 Gallery of British Portraits, 1810. 
 
 John Fisiier: Head, Northcote, p. Scriven, sc. in Gallery of British Portraits. — Half length, 
 mez. by Dunkerton, from painting by James Northcote, R.A. 
 
 VIEWS AND PRINTS OF THE CHURCH AND OF ITS MONUMENTS. 
 
 In “ Dugdale's Monasticon,” vol. iii. are the oldest prints that have been published of this 
 church.—1. View of the North Side:—2. North-east, with Bell-Tower in the Distance:—3. 
 North-west View, including the Bell Tower, and showing figures in the niches; all drawn and 
 engraved by W. Hollar :—4. A sort of Bird’s-eye View of North-east; drawn and engraved in 
 a very bad and inaccurate style by D. King. 
 
 Robert Thacker, who calls himself king’s designer, and made a set of very curious drawings of 
 Longford Castle, engraved by Yates and Collins, about 1650 ; also engraved a large plate of 
 Salisbury Cathedral, which was printed on four sheets. 
 
 James Collins engraved a large South-west View, which was published with a description ; 
 also a North View, which is strangely called a North-west, and is a copy from Hollar’s, in 
 Dugdale ; and, like most copies, much inferior to the original. 
 
 1 Bromley’s Catalogue of engraved British Portraits ; 4to. 1793.— Granger’s Biographical History of England ; 
 Svo. 4 vols. 1804. 4th edition.—Noble’s ditto; being a continuation of the last; 3 vols. 8vo. 1806. 
 
SALISBURY CATHEDRAL:—LIST OF PRINTS. 
 
 113 
 
 A north-east perspective View of the Cathedral Church and Close, twenty-two inches and a half 
 by seventeen, was engraved by Fougeron, from a drawing by Jackson. 
 
 An interior View of the Nave, looking east, drawn by James Biddlecome, “ a gentleman’s 
 servant,” and engraved by J. S. Miller, in 1754. This shows a font near the west door, with the 
 old organ and its screen. 
 
 A North-west View of the Church, an aquatinta print, from a drawing by J. Buckler, was 
 published in 1803. 
 
 A South east View, by the same draftsman, was engraved in aquatinta, by F. C. I.ewis, and 
 published in 1804. 
 
 A South-west View, engraved by V. Green, and F. Jukes, in aquatinta, from a drawing by 
 S. H. Grimm, was published in 1779. 
 
 View of the West Front, aquatinted and coloured, was engraved by C. Brome, from a 
 drawing by Amsinch. 
 
 South-east, showing the Beauchamp and Hungerford Chapels, engraved by Byrne and Sparrow, 
 from a drawing by T. Hearne, 1798, is published in Hearne and Byrne’s “ Antiquities.” 
 
 The South-west Prospect of Salisbury Cathedral, showing the Bell Tower and a foundation of 
 a cross near the west front, was engraved by T. Harris. 
 
 Small prints of the West Front and East End, engraved by J. Storer, from drawings by 
 J. Britton, are published in the “ Beauties of Wiltshire.” 
 
 A ground Plan of the Church, engraved by Basire, from a drawing by G. V. with references 
 to monuments, and to the chapels, north and south of the lady chapel, is published in Gough’s 
 “ Sepulchral Monuments,” vol. ii. In which work there are also Views of the Beauchamp and 
 Hungerford Chapels, with a plan of the former : also a print representing some paintings on the 
 walls. One of these paintings, displaying figures of a Beau and Death, was engraved by Thomas 
 Langley, from a drawing by J. Lyons, 1748. 
 
 The great eastern Window, painted by Pearson, from a design by J. Mortimer, was etched 
 by R. Blyth, 1783. The plate was aquatinted after a few impressions were worked. 
 
 A large View of the Choir, looking east, aquatinted from a drawing by Miss Kentish, 1814. 
 
 MONUMENTS AND EFFIGIES. 
 
 In “ Gough’s Sepulchral Monuments,” vol. ii. folio :—1. Sepulchral Chapel of W. Lord 
 Hungerford, elevation and view of the roof, Schnebbelie, del. Basire, sc. —2. Effigy of W. 
 Lord Hungerford ; view of his Chapel and several Shields :—3. Effigy of Sir John Cheney ; ditto, 
 ditto. — 4. Elevation of Bingham’s Tomb, called Bishop Ayscough’s: drawn and etched by 
 J. Carter. Each of these plates is accompanied by a description and dissertation. 
 
 C. Stothard, jun. has drawn and etched the following statues, in a truly accurate and beautiful 
 style, for his “ Monumental Effigies:”—1. Ancient Effigy on the south side of the Cathedral, 
 attributed to Bishop Roger : —2. Boy Bishop: — 3. Ancient Effigy on the south side of the Nave :— 
 4. Side View and details of Lord Johnde Montacute :—5. A similar View of Robert Lord Hunger¬ 
 ford:—6. A front View and details of the same. 
 
 View of the Monument of Bishop Poore (erected 1237), on the north side of the high altar at 
 Salisbury ; drawn and etched by J. Carter, for the first edition of Milner’s “ Dissertation.” 
 
 A mural marble Slab, with two Statues, a medallion Portrait, &c. executed by Mr. Flaxman, 
 for William Long, Esq. has been etched by H. Moses, but not published. 
 
LIST OF PRINTS, 
 
 ILLUSTRATIVE OF SALISBURY CATHEDRAL 
 
 Plates. 
 
 Subjects. 
 
 Drawn by 
 
 Engraved by 
 
 i. 
 
 Ground Plan, with Details, References . 
 
 P. Gandy .. 
 
 J. Roffe .. 
 
 ii. 
 
 View from the N. E. 
 
 Mackenzie .. 
 
 H.JLe Keux 
 
 hi. 
 
 View of the East End.... 
 
 Mackenzie .. 
 
 J. Le Keux 
 
 IV. 
 
 View of the North Porch . 
 
 Mackenzie .. 
 
 J. Le Keux 
 
 V. 
 
 View of the West Front... 
 
 Mackenzie .. 
 
 J. Le Keux 
 
 ~VI. 
 
 Views of Four Pinnacles . 
 
 Mackenzie .. 
 
 j. Le Keux 
 
 -VII. 
 
 Part of Tower and Spire . 
 
 Mackenzie .. 
 
 I. Le Keux 
 
 -'•VIII. 
 
 South 'I ransept, See, from the Cloisters .. 
 
 Mackenzie .. 
 
 J. Le Keux 
 
 -IX. 
 
 Interior View across Transept S. to N. .. 
 
 Mackenzie .. 
 
 H.Le Keux 
 
 X 
 
 Elevation of End of South Transept .... 
 
 Cattermole .. 
 
 J. Le Keux 
 
 -XL 
 
 View of Small Transept across Choir 
 
 Mackenzie .. 
 
 W. Smith . 
 
 XII. 
 
 View from N. to S. Transept .. 
 
 Mackenzie .. 
 
 H.LeKeux 
 
 — XIII. 
 
 View of North Aile, &c. looking West ,. 
 
 Mackenzie .. 
 
 J. Le Keux 
 
 -XIV. 
 
 View of Chapter-house, looking West.... 
 
 Mackenzie .. 
 
 J. Le Keux 
 
 - XV. 
 
 Part of the Old Organ-screen . 
 
 Mackenzie .. 
 
 J. Le Keux 
 
 XVI. 
 
 Bracket, Capitals, p. 70, and Boss, p. 74.. 
 
 Mackenzie .. 
 
 J. Le Keux 
 
 -xvn. 
 
 Six Capitals, &c. from the Chapter-house. . 
 
 Mackenzie .. 
 
 J. Le Keux 
 
 XVIII. 
 
 West End. Plan, Elevation, and Section . 
 
 Cattermole .. 
 
 H.Le Keux 
 
 -XIX. 
 
 Elevation and Section of the Nave ...... 
 
 Cattermole .. 
 
 J. Roffe .. 
 
 —■XX. 
 
 View of Nave, from West End..... 
 
 Mackenzie .. 
 
 H.Le Keux 
 
 —XXI. 
 
 View of the Cloister, from the N. E. 
 
 Cattermole .. 
 
 J. Lewis .. 
 
 XXII. 
 
 Section, &c of Transept, and Tower, See. 
 
 Cattermole .. 
 
 G. Gladwin 
 
 — XXIII. 
 
 
 
 
 —XXIV. 
 
 St. Mary’s Chapel, looking N. E. 
 
 Cattermole . . 
 
 S. Noble.. 
 
 XXV. 
 
 Exterior details.... 
 
 Mackenzie .. 
 
 1' Ranson 
 
 -XXVI. 
 
 Bingham’s Monument, View of.... 
 
 Mackenzie .. 
 
 Hobson 
 
 PI. 1 
 
 Four Monumental Effigies of Bishops .... 
 
 T. Baxter .. 
 
 T. Baxter 
 
 2 
 
 Three ditto ditto ...... 
 
 T. Baxter .. 
 
 T. Baxter 
 
 — 3 
 
 Three ditto in Armour .. 
 
 T. Baxter .. 
 
 J. Le Keux 
 
 —4 
 
 Two ditto ditto. 
 
 T. Baxter .. 
 
 J. Le Keux 
 
 5 
 
 Monument for Sir Thomas Gorges, &c. .. 
 
 T. Baxter .. 
 
 J. Le Keux 
 
 
 WOOD-CUTS. 
 
 
 
 
 Chapter-house, View Exterior. 
 
 Cattermole .. 
 
 Thompson 
 
 
 Chapter-house ; Compartment .. 
 
 Baxter .... 
 
 Thompson 
 
 
 Capitals, &c. in the small Transept. 
 
 Cattermole .. 
 
 Thompson 
 
 Inscribed to 
 
 Described . 
 
 
 87 
 
 Rev. W. Coxe 
 
 67 
 
 Dr. Maton 
 
 68 
 
 Sir R. Colt Hoare 
 
 71 
 
 Marquis of Bath 
 
 69 
 
 
 82 
 
 
 71 
 
 Archdeacon Alison 
 
 69 
 
 March, of Lansdowne 
 
 78, 94 
 
 
 78 
 
 Bishop of Cloyne 
 
 73, 81 
 
 Rev. Hugh Owen 
 
 77 
 
 Rev. W. Douglas 
 
 81 
 
 Rev. W. Coxe 
 
 76 
 
 Rev. E. Duke 
 
 82 
 
 
 70 
 
 
 75, 76 
 
 
 70 
 
 
 77 
 
 Dean of Salisbury 
 
 77 
 
 G. Hibbert, Esq. 
 
 74 
 
 
 71, 77 
 
 
 75 
 
 Earl of Radnor 
 
 80 
 
 
 82 
 
 F. L. Chantrey, Esq. 
 
 95 
 
 
 94 
 
 
 96 
 
 
 90, 92 
 
 
 91 
 
 
 97 
 
 
 69 
 
 
 76 
 
 
 82 
 
 THE END. 
 
 *+* The BINDER is directed to place the Wood-cut Title, and Plate XV. at the beginning of the Volume, and the other Prints in 
 succession as numbered, two and two between the sheets. The Prints of Effigies to be placed at the pages where described. 
 
 Marchant, Printer, Ingram Court, Fenchurch Street, 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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