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C « ] 
 
 THE 
 
 INTROD UCTION 
 
 TO THE 
 
 READER. 
 
 FTER lb many large Treatifes that have been 
 written on this Head, I can {carce defire you. 
 Reader, to credit the Title Page, and therefore beg 
 you would have Patience to read a little farther. 
 
 And I do alfure you, tho’ it may now leem to 
 you romantick, that within the Compafs of the 
 firft three Chapters, you will find more than fuffi- 
 cient to latisfy every Article there propoled. 
 
 The firft Chapter contains the Deftription of a Drawing-Board, 
 and its moft material Parts, fbme wholly new, and conveniently 
 adapted to the Bufinefs in Hand. 
 
 The fecond immediately falls on the Bufinefs propos’d, as far as 
 may be faid to relate to Columns only, and fhews how to afiign 
 to a given Height, the Heights due to the Pedeftal of the Column, 
 with its Bafe and Capital, and to the Intablature, and alfo the 
 Heights and Projedbions to all the fmall Members belonging to 
 thefe, whether this given Height include the three grand Parts 
 above mentioned, or without a Pedeftal, or without an Intabla- 
 ture, 'or without both. 
 
 The third treats of Arches, and with as much Pleafantnefs and 
 Diftindlion, as the preceding, as it were, by Infpedtion, and 
 the Refult moft beautiful ; the Performance is fo eafy to be appre- 
 hended, that you may compare it to a Piece of Hiftory-Painting, 
 
 B well 
 
well performed ; wherein, at one View, are feen the Tranladions 
 of a whole Day, or a Year j and lb here the Propofitions of the 
 Title Page, are fully fatisfied, by feeing one Column drawn, or 
 by redrawing the Examples of thele fecond and third Chapters, 
 according to the Diredlions therein laid down. 
 
 As in the fore-mentioned Chapters, the Columns and Arches 
 are fhewn to be drawn and exhibited to the Eye in due and au- 
 thentick Proportion, in the following, and in the Cuts to which 
 they refer, all thole Diftances are exprels’d by proportional Num- 
 bers, very minute and linall ^ whereby large Draughts of Build- 
 ings, or their Parts, may be laid off, by Artificers, in their due 
 Proportions, as often as required. 
 
 C H A P. I. 
 
 The Description of a DRAWING BOARD. 
 
 D rawing Boards are four-fided, and longer than they 
 are broad ; and the Sides are perpendicular to their next 
 Adjacents the Figure is pretty well known to Workmen, 
 and is by them called a Dong Square : Ours is of the lame Form, . 
 and is reprefented in Plate III. by the Letters h, c, d. To 
 every Drawing-Board belongs a feparate Part called a Square, it 
 confifts of two Parts, the one about a Foot long, an Inch and 
 Half broad, and half an Inch thick ; the other as long as the 
 drawing Board, two Inches broad, and j- of an Inch thick : The 
 End of this latter Piece, is fitted into the Middle of t he other 
 pijcce at right Angles, and then is in the Form of a ^~|n and by 
 Workmen is called a Te Square. 
 
 When this Square is uled, the thick 
 Part H K is applied to the End or Side of 
 the drawing Board, and then the Edge of 
 the Blade, or thin Part IL, is placed for 
 drawing a Line parallel to one, and perpen- 
 dicular to the other Edge of the drawing 
 Board, or to any Lines drawn on the Board 
 parallel to thele, and thele are the princi- 
 pal Ufes to which this Te Square is applied. 
 
 But the drawing Board we recommend, 
 hath thele following additional Parts, n)iz. 
 
 Two 
 
 HP 
 
 
 f 
 
 i 
 
 IlL 
 
Two Grooves, the one about 8 Inches broad, near and parallel 
 to the Edge c d ■, the other, about 4 Inches broad, and parallel 
 to the Edge a d. 
 
 In the former Aides a four-fided Plate ft u parallel to the 
 Side c d oi the drawing Board, into which is alfb cut another 
 Groove, which is femi-circular, the Rim or Margin of which 
 tinu^ is divided and numbered i, 2, 3, ^c. both ways from 
 into unequal Parts j fo that Lines drawn from the feveral Divifions 
 perpendicular to the Diameter, will divide it equally j and about 
 the Center y in this Groove, moves the Sedlor xy from whofc 
 Center y, proceeds twice ten Lines, denoted by the Letters 
 y y z. 
 
 The firft, third, Afth, feventh, and ninth of the uppermoft 
 mark’d y by their Divifions, are to give the feveral Heights of 
 the Members of the Intablatures, and Capitals of the Tufcan, 
 Dorick, lonick, Corinthian, and Compofite ^ and the lecond, 
 fourth, fixth, eighth, and tenth, the Height of the Members of 
 the Impoft of the Pilafters of the Arches in thofe Orders ; and on 
 the innermoft are ten Divifions for the Heighth of a Minute Scale. 
 
 And the firft, third, fifth, feventh, and ninth, mark’d x y, 
 give the Heights of the Bafes, and j of the Height of the Co- 
 lumns ; and the fecond, fourth, fixth, eighth, and tenth, give 
 the Heights of the Pedeftal, with their Members ; but ob- 
 ferve, that I number the Divifions on the Lines yz downwards, 
 calling the Uppermoft firft, and thofe on the Lines .v y, I num- 
 ber upwards, calling the lowermoft firft. 
 
 In the Groove parallel to a d, moves a fquare Slider mark’d 
 -opqr, in which is cut through a Circle, the (Quadrants, of whole 
 Rim or Margin, on both Sjdes the Slider, are divided and num- 
 bered as the Quadrants of the Semi-Circle are i and in this Circle 
 is fitted a Plate, which turns about horizontally j from whole 
 Center proceed Lines, bearing Divifions for the Projedlions of 
 every Molding in the foregoing Orders ^ the one Side is fitted for 
 the three firft Orders, and the other Side for the two laft, and two 
 Lines bearing equal Divifions for the ready dividing, of Scales, as 
 in Plate III. as may be feen by the two different Sides of op ^ r, and 
 are to be diftinguiftied by the Letters of the Alphabet annexed to 
 them and the following Tables. And note, That in the Examples 
 hereafter ufed, the Letters in the following Tables, every-wherc 
 denote the fame Members as there expreffed. 
 
 But before I proceed to the Tables, I muft fay fbmething of 
 the Lines within the Rim of the Semi-Circle. The Points 
 
 B 2 
 
 I 
 
[4l 
 
 12345, within the Rim of both Quadrants of the Semi-Circle, 
 ihew the extreme Divifions of the Foot of the Pedeftals, and Top 
 of the Intablatures ; the Points at 678910, Ihew the Top of 
 the Pedeftals ; and the Points at 54321, ftiew the under Side 
 of the Intablatures ; the Ule of which you’ll find in Chapter II. 
 but obferve, that the Line i : i denotes the Tufcan Order, and 
 2 : 2 the Dorick, and fb on. 
 
 T'he Tables referring to the Like s, and their DiviJtonSy 
 
 on the Circular Pla 
 the Projection s. 
 
 For the Tufcan Column. 
 
 AA The Bale 
 BB The Capital 
 CC The Architrave 
 DD The Cornice 
 
 For the Arch and Pedeftal. 
 
 EE The Pedeftal 
 F F The Impoft of the Arch 
 
 For the I>orick Column. 
 
 G G The Bafe 
 H H The Capital 
 II The Architrave 
 K K The Cornice 
 
 For the Arch and Pedeftal. 
 
 L L The Baft to the Pedeftal 
 MM The Cornice to ditto 
 N N" The Impoft of the Arch 
 Q O The Architrave round 
 the Arch 
 
 E, and the E x amples, 
 
 For the Corinthian Column; 
 
 a a The Baft 
 bb The Capital 
 CC The Architrave 
 dd The Cornice 
 
 For the Arch and Pedeftal. 
 
 ee The Baft to the Pedeftal 
 f £ The Cornice to ditto 
 gg The Impoft of the Arch 
 hh The Architrave round the 
 Arch 
 
 For the Compofite Column. 
 
 i i The Baft 
 k k The Capital 
 1 I The Architrave 
 mm The Cornice 
 
 For the Arch and Pedeftal. 
 
 n n The Baft to the Pedeftal 
 0 0 The Comice to ditto 
 p p The Impoft of the Arch 
 q q The Architrave round the 
 Arch 
 
 For 
 
For the lonick Column. 
 
 P P The Bafe 
 Q(^ The Capital 
 RR The Architrave 
 S S The Cornice 
 
 For the Arch and Pedeftal. 
 
 T T The Bafe to the Pedeftal 
 V V The Cornice to ditto 
 "WW The Impoft to the Arch 
 XX The Architrave round! 
 the Arch 
 
 r r The 6 Divifions for the 
 diagonal Scale of 6o 
 Minutes 
 
 f f The Divifion for the Scale 
 of Chains, Links, and 
 Feet. 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 T’o Draw the Tuscan Column,, with its Intablature, 
 without y and with a Pedestal. See Plates i 2 , 3. 
 
 F I X the Paper on the Board, and by the Edge of the Blade 
 of the Square applied to the Side adoi the drawing Board, 
 draw at Pleaftire the Line e gy reprelenting the Middle of 
 the Column j then through the Middle of the Semi-Circle 
 ty nty u : By the Edge of the Square applied to c dy draw m f 
 and lay Half the given Height from / to and from f to gy let 
 the Edge of the Square applied to c dy fall on the Point e, where 
 being held faft, move the Plate x y Zy ’till the upper Divifion on 
 the Lines giving the Heights of the Members in the Intablature 
 of the Tufcan Order (which is the upper Line on y zj fall under 
 the Edge of the Square j now the Square Aiding againft the Side 
 c d oi the drawing Board, apply the Edge of the Blade to the 
 feveral Divifions on the fore-mentioned upper Line fticceAively, 
 and Lines drawn by its Edge, will cut off the requir’d Heights of 
 every Member of the Intablature and Capital. 
 
 The moveable Part remaining as before, oblerve what DiviAon, 
 of the Semi-Circle the fore-mentioned Line of Intablatures cuts 
 which, in this Example, is exadlly the Number 8 j then turn 
 X y z about, ’till the Line giving the Heights of the Bafe for this 
 Order (which is the loweft on y xj meet the Divifions numbered 
 
CO 
 
 8 allb in the under Quadrant ; or let the Edge of the Square 
 applied to c d, fall on the Point g, where being held fall, move 
 the Plate x y z about, ’till the lower Divifions on the Line for 
 the Bales, fall alfo under the Edge of the Square, and either of 
 thefe will duly place y x to cut olf the Heights of the leveral 
 Members of the Bafe, and -j Part of the Height of the Column ; 
 all which may be done by the Edge of the Square fucceflively 
 applied to thole fevcral Divifions, and lb all the Heights will 
 be limited : The next which follows, is the Limitation of the Pro- 
 jedlions : 
 
 Bring « on the Slider op qr, to the Line gf e produced, and 
 turn the circular Plate about, ’till the Line mark’d a meets 
 the Divifion 8 of the Circumference of the Hole in opqr^ as 
 the Line of Heights did on the Semi-circumference inftuw-, then 
 the Square Hiding along a d, and applied fuccellively to the leve- 
 ral Diviliens on AA : BB, will give thofe dotted Lines, which, 
 in the firft Figure, are leen to limit the Projeftions of the leve- 
 ral Members of the Bale and Capital. 
 
 It is to be oblerved, that it’s proper for a Beginner, when he 
 is about to limit the Projections, to have the preceding Tables, and 
 the Figures referred to, before him j therein the Tufean Table AA 
 reprefents the Bale, and BB the Capital ; and becaule the Line 
 A A : BB, mentioned in the laft SeCtion, contains the Proje- 
 ctions of the Members of both Bale and Capital, it’s mark’d on 
 the Inltrument with both A A and B B ; and in like Manner, the 
 Line CC : DD, on the Inltrument next about -to be uled, con- 
 tains the Projections of CC and DD, which, in the Table for 
 the Tulcan Order, ever denotes the Architrave and Cornice, and 
 the great Members fought in the Tables : You have the Line on 
 the Inltrument, proper to limit the Projections of the fmaller be- 
 longing to it. 
 
 For any other Projections, as thole of the Architrave and Cor- 
 nice, bring the proper Line C C : D D, to the lame Divifions 8, 
 and the Square Hiding along a d of the drawing Board, and laid 
 to the Divifions ofCC and DD, gives the dotted Lines limiting 
 the Projections, as you may fee them in the firft Plate ; and lb 
 of the other Examples. 
 
 When this Column is to be raifed of a given Height on a Pede- 
 ftal, through m draw the Line ?;zB, by the Edge of the Square 
 applied to c d, take in it, at a Diftance from w, any Point B, and 
 draw three obfeure Lines from the Point B, to the Points i ; i 
 and 6, on the firft Line within the Rim of the Semi Circle ; then 
 
 mot'e 
 
[7 
 
 move the Square along the Side a d, ’till you find a Diftance be- 
 tween the Lines B : i, and B : i, which fhall be equal to the 
 given Height, which fuppofe to be F C, then will D C be the 
 Height of the Pedeftal, and F D the Height of the Column. 
 
 If the Column is eredted without an Intablature, the upper ob- 
 Icureldne B : i, muft be drawn from B, to the Divifion 5, repre- 
 fenting the under Face of the Intablature (which you’ll fee on the 
 Lines within the Rim of the upper Qiiadrant, and are diftin- 
 guifh’d by Figures revers’d) which muft be ufed, in all refpedfs, 
 the fame as the preceding obfeure Lines are ; and fb of all other 
 Orders referring to their refpeeftive Lines and Divifions within the 
 Rim of the Semi Circle^ 
 
 Now draw any Line, as a e, reprelenting the Middle of the 
 Column, and fet on the Height of the Pedeftal D C, from a to 
 g i alfo the Height of the Column and Intablature F D, from g 
 to e, which middle in f ; then apply your Square to the Side of 
 the Board c and let the Edge of the Blade touch the Point 
 and move the Slider ft uw^ ’till the middle Divifion m touch the 
 Edge of the Blade alfo then move the Square on c d, upwards, 
 to touch the Point e, and move the Plate x y ’till the upper 
 Divifion on the Line of Intablature touches the Edge of 
 the Square alfo ■, and then draw the Intablature and Capital, as 
 taught in the preceding Part of this Chapter, and obferve what 
 Divifion of the upper (Quadrant of the Semi-Circle that Line cuts, 
 which was 8 ; then move the Plate xy z^ ’till the lower Line x y, 
 at the Foot of the Column, touches 8 in the lower Quadrant, and 
 draw the Bale, and j of the Height of the Column, as before 
 taught. 
 
 Then move the Plate xyz, ’till the fecond Line xy, for the 
 Height of the Pedeftal, cuts 8 on the lower Quadrant of the Semi- 
 Circle, and keep it fix’d j then apply the Square to the Side c d, 
 and on the Point a, which hold faft, and move dowm the Slider 
 ft ’till the lower Divifion for the Foot of the Pedeftal cuts 
 the Edge of the Square, then is the Inftrument fixed for drawing 
 the Heights of the Pedeftal. 
 
 And for the Projedlions, fix the Slider opqr^ to the middle 
 Line of the Column, and turn the Line of Projcdlions, to the 
 Number 8 on the Circle, and proceed as before-mentioned ^ and 
 fo of all the other Orders. 
 
 CHAP. 
 
i * * 
 
 C'8-] 
 
 }*■ 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 
 t 
 
 7a£re(?? the TUSCAN ARCH. 
 
 L ay down the Height and Width of the Arch in the Clear, 
 and the Height and Width of the Key Stone j alfb the 
 Height of the Pedeftal under the Column, and the Height 
 of the Column and Intablature, by the Proportions laid down in 
 the 4th and 5th Chapters i then from the Top of the Pedeftal g, 
 to the Top of the Intablature draw the Column, with its In- 
 tablature : Alfb the Pedeftal, as Chapter II. directs. See the 3d 
 Plate. The Columns, with their Intablatures and Pedeftals, be- 
 ing drawn, move xy z, Yill the fecond Line xy, aits the Divi- 
 fion 8 on the lower Quadrant of the Semi-Circle then apply the 
 Square to the Side c d, to cut the Point which hold faft, and 
 move the Slider ft uw^ ’till the lower Divifion, or Foot of the 
 Pedeftal, touch the Edge of the Square ; then move x y z^ ’till 
 the fecond Line y z, cuts the Divifion 8 in the upper Quadrant 
 of the Semi- Circle, then will the Square, Hiding againft c d, fall 
 on the upper Divifion for the Impoft, and the Center of the Arch 
 together, and then is the Inftrument fet to draw the Heights of 
 the feveral Members of the Impoft, which may be done as the 
 Heights in the preceding Examples were. 
 
 For the Projedtions, fet « on the Slider op q r, to the middle 
 Line ae, as before, and turn the middle Plate, ’till the Line 
 EF : EF Uce the Tufcan Table) meets the Divifion 8 on the 
 Circle ; then the Square Aiding againft a d, and being applied to 
 the Divifions on the Side of the Line F F, on E F, will determine 
 the required Projedions of the Impoft, as may be feen by the 
 dotted Lines on the firft Figure of the fecond Plate ; then draw 
 the Key Stone, and the Architrave, round the Arch, according 
 to the Proportion in the 5th Chapter j and fo of any of the other 
 4 Arches, referring to their proper Lines and Divifions. 
 
 N. B. ’Tis needful for every young Artift, before he proceeds 
 in Architedure, to acquaint himfelf with the three different Scales 
 in Plate 3, 'viz. A Scale of Chains and Links mark’d E, ufeful for 
 the taking of Plans of either Houfes or Land : The Scale of Feet 
 mark’d K, is ufeful to all Artifts in the common Way of working : 
 And the Scale of 60 Minutes, mark’d L, is for no other Ufe, than 
 to lay off any of the Proportions of Architedure, in the following 
 
 Work, 
 
 I 
 
6 
 
 Inir: 
 
 T fio:Ii€at/i in ih^ Sira^nd 
 
 LONDINI ^ 
 
 ////////T) 
 
 ///////////\ 
 
 
 ////////A 
 
 m///m\ 
 
 •ww^ 
 
 'V 
 
 nxra 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
C 9 ] 
 
 Work, or any Work of this Kind ; the ten Divilions on the in- 
 ward Line y 2, fet in any Pofition out of a I.evel, and a Square 
 being applied to the Side a h, and to thofc Divifions, draw the 
 level Lines in the Scale E or L, and the Divifions on the Lines 
 R R and f f on the circular Plate m op qr^ gives the perpendicular 
 Divifions in either of the preceding Scales ; the Line j f for the 
 Scales E and K j and the Line r r, for the Scale h j and then 
 from Angle to Angle, draw the diagonal Lines, and the Scales 
 will be finifh’d, as in the Examples, 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 Of rh TUSCAN ORDER. ^late I. 
 
 ^ f '^HIS Column, including its 
 I Bafe and Capital, the Height 
 of which, are each half a Di- A 
 ameter, is 7 Diameters high. Its B 
 Intablature riles one Diameter Sc C 
 And it diminifhes ^ of the Diame- D 
 ter. E 
 
 To cre6t this Column, with its F 
 Entablature, to a given Height, di- G 
 vide that given Height into 35 equal H 
 Parts, and 7 of them lhall be the I 
 Height of the Intablature ; the re- K 
 maining 28, the Height of the Co- 
 lumn, witli its Bale and Capital ; L 
 and 4 fuch Parts lhall be its Dia- M 
 meter. 
 
 And the Diameter of the Column, N 
 as in all the other Orders, is equal 
 to 60 on the Scale of Minutes. O 
 
 If a Pedeftal is to be fet under P 
 this Column, the given Height muft 
 be divided into 39 equal Parts ^ of which, 
 and the remaining 35, difpofe of as in the 
 
 Names of the Members. 
 
 The Cima redba 
 Corona 
 Ovolo 
 Cavetto 
 Frieze 
 Firft Fafcia 
 Second ditto 
 Abacus 
 Ovolo 
 
 Frieze of the Ca- 
 pital 
 Aftragal 
 
 Body of the Co- 
 lumn above 
 Diameter of the 
 Column 
 Torus 
 Plinth 
 
 allow 4 to the Pedeftal, 
 laft Section. 
 
 This 
 
C >0 ] 
 
 This Pedeftal is always plain, and work’d without any Mould- 
 ing, and, indeed, is no more than a Sub-Plinth. Its Width is 
 , 3 Minutes more than the Width of the Bale’s Plinth. See this 
 Bafe or Sub-Plinth, in Plate II. where it was placed to exemplify 
 the Ufe of the Inftrument. 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 
 q/' T U S C A N A R C H. See <T>hte II. & III. 
 
 A 
 
 B 
 
 C 
 
 D 
 
 E 
 
 The Cima reverla 
 Cima redta 
 Cavetto 
 Fafcia 
 
 Body of the Pil- 
 Jafter 
 Pedeftal 
 
 T 
 
 O ere<ft this Arch, let the 
 Diameter in the clear, be di- 
 
 mto 
 
 fuch 
 
 1 8 equal Parts, 
 
 Parts, or a Dia- 
 
 vided 
 and then 29 
 
 meter and ii Parts, will exadly 
 reach from the Ground, to the un- 
 F Pedeftal der Face of the Key-Stone, or be 
 
 the Height in the Clear ; 3 will be 
 the Height of the Key-Stone 4 is the Height of the Pedeftal, or 
 Sub-Plinth j and 4 is the Diameter of the Column which fupports 
 the Iiitablature over the Arch. 
 
 The Height of the Pillafter is known, becaufe the upper Face 
 of the Tmpoft, as in all the other Orders, is level with the Center 
 of the Arch. The Width of the Architrave round the Arch, 
 as in all the other Orders, except the Compofite, is equal to the 
 Diftance from the Outfide of the Column, to the inner Edge of 
 the Pillafter. 
 
 N. B. If the Inftrument be ufed to draw an Arch, there is no 
 need of a Scale of 60 Minutes ; but if it is to be drawn without 
 it, one muft be made, as before direded. 
 
 CHAP. 
 
•i 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 "*> \ 
 
 \\ 
 
 I 
 
 
 ♦ 
 
 •** 
 
 < 
 
 ' . »• 
 
 'S' 
 
 V. 
 
 « ,, 
 
 L ; I ^ ?i!< 
 
 >’’■ ' V 
 
 
 g: ' 
 
 
 \ 
 
 v 
 
 ► « ‘ 
 
 
 \ ■ S’ 
 
 . y'' 
 
 ■ '_• 
 
 Tb ■■ * f«'. 
 
 V’ * 
 
 / 
 
 V 
 
 
 4' 
 
 \ • 1 ^ 
 
 
 L>;-f 
 
 '>t' k 
 
 M ^ 
 
 ;'|J 
 
 -■'C, ■■' 
 
 ■ ■7^ 
 
 \V' 
 
 S» 
 
 :.a*»d 
 
 IJ 
 
 V • «*'r^ ^L-‘r '■ 
 
 4-1’ 
 
 1,1 H 
 
 ■=+.'T.'4 
 
 ' ■4 i"' ^ ..;^'^J 
 
 * - I'S-: -r'. ^ 
 
 
Tfiiiudej 
 
[ «• 3 
 
 CHAP. Vf. 
 
 ■ N 
 
 • 0/^k DORICK ORDER. SeePlateWf, 
 
 ^he Names of the Members, 
 A The Cima reda 
 
 T he Column of this Order, 
 with its Ba{e and Capital, is 
 8 Diameters high, and dimi- 
 nifhes-^ of its Diameter: The Bafe 
 and Capital are each half a Diame- 
 ter: The Intablature’s Height is 
 equal to \ Part of the Height of 
 the Column : The Trigliphs are ~ 
 a Diameter wide j and the Bells over 
 them are fo likewife ^ for they form 
 a Square with 36 Bells: Laftly, the 
 Metops, or Spaces between the Tri- 
 gliphs, mull be Squares. 
 
 To ered this Column, with its 
 Intablature, of a given Height, di- 
 vide that Height into 10 equal Parts, 
 of which, allow 2 for the Intabla- 
 ture, and 8 for the Column, whofe 
 Diameter is one of them. 
 
 If you fet this Column, with its 
 Intablature, on a Pedeftal, divide 
 the whole given Height into 37 equal 
 Parts, whereof give 7 to the Pede- 
 ftal, 24 to the Column, and 6 to 
 the Intablature ; and 3 of thefe 
 Parts muft give the Diameter of the 
 Column. 
 
 To e^ed this Column on a Pedeftal, 
 without its Intablature, divide the 
 given Height into 31 equal Parts, and 
 allow 7 to the Pedeftal, and 24 to 
 the Column j and 3 fuch Parts will give the Diameter, as above. 
 
 B 
 
 Cima reverfa 
 
 C . 
 
 Corona 
 
 D 
 
 Bells 
 
 E 
 
 Ovolo 
 
 F 
 
 Cavetto 
 
 G 
 
 Capital to the 
 Trigliphs 
 
 H 
 
 Trigliph 
 
 I 
 
 Tenia 
 
 K 
 
 Guttae 
 
 L 
 
 Firft Fafcia 
 
 M 
 
 Second ditto 
 
 N 
 
 Cymatium 
 
 0 
 
 Abacus 
 
 P 
 
 Ovolo 
 
 0. 
 
 Annulets 
 
 R 
 
 Frieze to the Ca- 
 pital 
 
 S 
 
 Aftragal 
 
 T 
 
 Body of the Co- 
 lumn above 
 
 V 
 
 Diameter of the 
 Column 
 
 W 
 
 Upper Torus 
 
 X 
 
 Scotia 
 
 Y 
 
 Lower Torus 
 
 Z 
 
 Plinth 
 
 C 2 
 
 An 
 
f ] 
 
 An Example of this, may be feen in that famous Column of 
 this Order, on Fijhftreet-Hill ; the Monument to remember us of 
 that dreadful Fire of London, in the Year 1666, raifed by that 
 moft judicious Architedt Sir Chriftopher Wren. 
 
 C H A P. VII. 
 
 0/ D O R I C K A R C H. See Plates V. & VL 
 
 fhe Names of the Members. 
 
 A The Architrave round 
 the Arch 
 
 B 
 
 Cima reverla 
 
 C 
 
 Fafcia 
 
 D 
 
 Cima retfla 
 
 E 
 
 Frieze 
 
 F 
 
 Aftragal 
 
 G 
 
 Body of the Pil- 
 lafter 
 
 H 
 
 Corona 
 
 1 
 
 Ovolo 
 
 K 
 
 Cavetto 
 
 L 
 
 Dedo or Body of 
 the Pedeftal 
 
 M 
 
 Cavetto 
 
 N 
 
 Cima reverfa 
 
 0 
 
 PHnth 
 
 T O raife this Arch, divide the 
 Diameter in the Clear, into 
 22 equal Parts, and 29 fuch 
 Parts, or a Diameter and 7 Parts, 
 will be the Height in the Clear j of 
 thele Parts, allow 2 -f to the Height 
 of the Key- Stone. The Diameter 
 of the Column is equal to 4 of thofc 
 Parts: The Height of the Pedeftal 
 is 9 and ^ of thofe 22 Parts : The 
 Width of the Pillafter is one Diame- 
 ter and 52 Minutes ; And fo the 
 Outllde of the Column, which bears 
 up the Intablature over the Key- 
 Stone, is 26 Minutes from the Edge 
 of the Pillafters. For the Propor- 
 tions of the fmall Members, apply 
 to the Inftrument, and compare with 
 the 5th Plate. 
 
 ♦ 
 
 CHAP. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
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 CHAP. VIII. 
 
 0/ I O N 1 C K O R D E R. SceJ^lats Vll. 
 
 T he Column of this Order, 
 with its Bafe and Capital, is 
 9 Diameters high, it dimi- 
 nifties -j of its Diameter j and the 
 Height of the Intablature is equal 
 to -f Part of the Height of the Co- 
 lumn. 
 
 Therefore, to ered this Column, 
 with its Intablature, and to a given 
 Height, divide that Height into 6 
 equal Parts, whereof, take one for 
 the Intablature ; and divide the 5 
 which remain, into 9 equal Parts, 
 one of which is equal to the Diame- 
 ter of the Column. 
 
 And when this Column, with its 
 Intablature, is to be fet on a Pede- 
 ftal, divide the whole Height into 
 1 5 equal Parts, whereof, allow 2 to 
 the Intablature, and 3 to the Pede- 
 ftal; and divide the remaining 10 
 into 9, one of which is equal to the 
 Diameter of the Column. 
 
 Laftly, If without the Intablature, 
 it’s evident from the laft Section, 
 
 ’I' he Names of the Members, 
 
 A 
 
 The Cima reda 
 
 B 
 
 Cima reverfa 
 
 C 
 
 ' Corona 
 
 D 
 
 Modillions 
 
 E 
 
 Ovolo 
 
 F 
 
 Cavetto 
 
 G 
 
 Frieze 
 
 H 
 
 Cymafium 
 
 I 
 
 Firft Falcia 
 
 K 
 
 Second ditto 
 
 L 
 
 Third ditto 
 
 M 
 
 Abacus 
 
 N 
 
 Voluto 
 
 0 
 
 Ovolo 
 
 P 
 
 Aftragal 
 
 Q, 
 
 Body of the Co- 
 
 
 lumn above 
 
 R 
 
 Diameter of the 
 
 
 Column 
 
 S 
 
 Upper Torus 
 
 T 
 
 Scotia 
 
 V 
 
 Lower Torus 
 
 W 
 
 Plinth 
 
 that the Height muft be divided into . . 
 
 1 3 Parts, of which 3 belong to the Pedeftal, and the remaining 
 10 are to be ordered as In the laft Section of this Chapter. 
 
 C H A p- 
 
[ '4 ] 
 
 CHAP. IX. 
 
 Of (fe 1 0 N I C K ARCH. See Plates VIII & IX. 
 
 Names of the Members. 
 
 A The Architrave round 
 the Arch 
 
 B 
 
 Cima reverfa 
 
 C 
 
 Ealcia 
 
 D 
 
 ( Ovolo 
 
 E 
 
 Cima redta 
 
 F 
 
 ' Allragal 
 
 G 
 
 Body of the Pil- 
 
 r " 
 
 lafter 
 
 H . 
 
 Corona 
 
 I 
 
 Ovolo 
 
 K 
 
 ^Cavetto 
 
 L ' 
 
 Dedo, or Body of 
 the Pedeftal 
 
 U 
 
 Cavetto 
 
 N- - 
 
 Cima reverfa 
 
 0. 3 
 
 , Plinth 
 
 T O eredl this Arch^ divide the 
 Diameter in the Clear, into 
 ' 2L equal Parts ^ giYe'43 & - 
 fuch. Parts, or 2 Diameters, and 1 
 Part, and -j, to the Height, in the 
 Clear i 3 -f to the Height of the 
 Key-Stone ; and the Diameter of 
 the Column, is equal to 4 of thole 
 Parts : And the Breadth of the Pil- 
 lafter is onq Diameter and 53 Mi- 
 nutes i and coniequently the Diftance 
 from the Column, to the Edge of 
 the Pillafter, is 26 Minutes and 
 
 r ■■■ 
 
 CHAP. X. 
 
 " Of the CORINTHIAN ORDER. See Plate X. 
 
 T H E Column of this Order, including Bale and Capital, 
 is 9 Diameters and ~ high ; it diminifhes j Part of its 
 Diameter, and its Intablature is y of the Height of the 
 Column. 
 
 To erect this Column, with its Intablature, of a given Height, 
 divide that' Height into 6 equal Parts, and fo one of them mult 
 
 be 
 
* ■■ .'4 ■ J - V • ''‘'"■ 
 
 ■ ^ ‘m. /' ■■ •' . 
 
 •'j-V / 
 
 J ' '’.^■ 
 
 n| ^ 
 
 H' ■ 
 
 '}ii. 
 
 :.,■ ; t'- 
 
 §i'" 
 
 i; '. ' 
 
 I’L 
 
 • I,-' '• 
 
 
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 i 
 
 
 o, ^ 
 
 - .' 
 ■*w . 
 
 i. ! ■ 
 
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 - -V » 
 
 
 
 
 " ' -i 
 
 <. 
 
 / ' . . r 
 
 ;r. 
 
 t 
 
 ,V| 
 
 
 
 ! 
 
 
 •» 
 
 . I 
 
 : f 
 
 'ir 
 
 ' -Cp 
 
 7 *.. 
 
 I 
 
 
 / 
 
 
C '5 ] 
 
 be the Height of the Intablature ; and divide the remaining 5 
 into 19 equal Parts, of which z (hall be the Diameter. 
 
 But if this Column, with its Intablature, is to have a Pedeftal, 
 ( the whole Height then being 1 3 Diameters and — ) find the 
 Diameter by the following Proportion, njiz. (as -the Height in 
 Diameters, is to the given Height in Feet, fo is one to the Dia- 
 meter) or, to avoid the Fractions 
 
 A-s 139 is to 10, fo is the given Height ^ which, for Example’s 
 fake, let it be 34 Feet 9 Inches, to 2 Feet^ Inches, the Diameter 
 fought, . « ;o . 
 
 F.L. \ 
 
 As 139 is to I o, fb is 34 : 9 : . ; , 
 
 10 
 
 139)347 : 6(2 : 6 
 
 278 
 
 (69) 
 
 12 
 
 144 
 
 69 
 
 C <■> ' 
 
 139)834(6 
 
 834 
 
 000 
 
 Then give 2 Diameters and ~ to 
 the Height of the Pedeftal, 9 and - 
 to the Column, and one Diameter 
 54 Minutes to the Intablature. 
 
 But you are to take notice, that 
 this Diameter ought to be work’d 1 
 out to Parts of Inches, if there be a 
 Remainder, otherwife the Pedeftal 
 and Column will not be had fuffici- 
 ently exadt. 
 
 But if the Pedeftal be found by 
 the following Proportion, 
 
 * 4 ■ ■ 
 
 ^he Nantes of the Members. 
 A The Cima recla 
 
 B 
 
 Cima reverfa. 
 
 c. 
 
 Corona* 
 
 D. 
 
 Modillions 
 
 E 
 
 Ovolo 
 
 F 
 
 Dentils 
 
 G 
 
 Cavetto 
 
 H 
 
 Frieze 
 
 I 
 
 Cimatium 
 
 K 
 
 Firft Falcia 
 
 I. 
 
 Second ditto 
 
n 
 
 N 
 
 O 
 
 P 
 
 Q 
 
 R 
 
 S 
 
 T 
 
 V 
 
 w 
 
 139)868 : 9(6 : 3 
 
 834 
 
 34 
 
 12 
 
 77 
 
 34 
 
 139)417(3 
 
 417 
 
 000 
 
 C 
 
 Third Fafcia 
 Abacus 
 
 Bell of the Ca- 
 pital 
 Aftragal 
 
 Body of the Co- 
 lumn 
 
 Diameter of the 
 Column above. 
 Upper Torus 
 Scotia 
 
 Lower Torus 
 Plinth 
 
 3 _ . 
 
 As 139 is^ to 2 S, fo is the whole 
 Height 34 F. 9 I. to 6 F. 3 I. 
 
 And this being firft laid off, then 
 the Height of the Column, and the 
 Intablature, may be had as in the 
 laft Section. 
 
 E I. 
 
 As 139 is to 25, fo is 34 : 9 
 
 25 
 
 18 : 9 
 170 
 68 
 
 Or if the Intablature, one Diameter and 54 Minutes, be laid 
 off, the Pedeftal or Column may be laid off, as in the following 
 Se^ion. 
 
 When there is to be no Intablature, divide the Height of the 
 Column and Pedeftal, into 24 equal Parts, and give 5 to the Pede- 
 ftal, 19 to the Column ; and 2 of thele Parts, or y- of the 
 Whole, is equal to the Diameter of the Column. 
 
 CHAP. 
 

 
[ »7 3 
 
 CHAP. XL 
 
 ^Ofthe CORINTHIAN ARCH. 
 
 ^ f ^ O eredb it, divide the Diame- 
 i ter in the Clear, into 37 equal 
 
 Parts ; of which 89 fuch Parts, 
 or 2 Diameters 25 Parts, gives the 
 Height in the Clear, and 8 the Dia- 
 meter of the Column. The Height 
 of the Key-Stone is 52 Minutes, its 
 Breadth at Top is -I of its Height, 
 and the Width of the Pillafter is one 
 Diameter and 54 Minutes. The 
 Members are known by the Figures 
 on the Example. 
 
 N. B. For the true Plan of the 
 Corinthian Capital, fee Palladio & 
 firft Book, Pages 93, 94, 95. 
 
 ^he Names of the Memhcfs. 
 
 A 
 
 The Architrave round 
 the Arch 
 
 B 
 
 Cima reverfa 
 
 C 
 
 Fafcia 
 
 D 
 
 Ovolo 
 
 E 
 
 Cima redia 
 
 F 
 
 Frieze 
 
 G 
 
 Aftragal 
 
 H 
 
 Body of the Pil- 
 lafter 
 
 I 
 
 Cima reverfa 
 
 K 
 
 \ Corona 
 
 L 
 
 Ovolo 
 
 M 
 
 Cavctto 
 
 N 
 
 Dedo or Body of 
 the Pedeftal 
 
 0 
 
 Cavetto 
 
 P 
 
 Cima reverfa 
 
 0. 
 
 Torus 
 
 R 
 
 Plinth 
 
 D 
 
 CHAP. 
 
C ] 
 
 CHAP. XII. 
 
 Of the COMPOSITE ORDER. SeePUteXUI. 
 
 Y'he Names of the Memhers. 
 
 A 
 
 B 
 
 C 
 
 D 
 
 E 
 
 F 
 
 G 
 
 H 
 
 I 
 
 K 
 
 L 
 
 M 
 
 N 
 
 O 
 
 P 
 
 Q. 
 
 R 
 
 S 
 
 T 
 
 The Cima re< 5 la 
 Cima reverfa 
 Corona 
 Modillions 
 Cima reverfa 
 Frieze 
 Cymafium 
 Firft Fafcia 
 Second ditto 
 Abacus 
 Ovolo 
 
 Bell of the Ca- 
 pital 
 Aftragal 
 
 Body of the Co- 
 lumn 
 
 Diameter of the 
 Column 
 Upper Torus 
 Double Aftragal 
 ..and Scotia’s 
 Lower Torus 
 Plinth 
 
 T he Column of this Order, 
 with its Bafe and Capital, is 
 lo Diameters high, it dimi- 
 nifties j of its Diameter ; and its 
 Intablature is y of the Height of 
 the Column. 
 
 Therefore, to eredt this Column, 
 with its Intablature, to a given 
 Height, divide that Height into 12 
 equal Parts ; of which, 2 is the 
 Height of the Intablature ; 10 the 
 Height of the Column, and one is 
 equal to the Diameter of the Co- 
 lumn. 
 
 If it is to (land on a Pedeftal, di- 
 vide the Height into 46 equal Parts, 
 of which give 10 to the Pedeftal, 
 30 to the Column, and the remain- 
 ing 6 to the Intablature, and 3 ftiall 
 be equal to the Diameter of the Co- 
 lumn. 
 
 And if you are to draw it with- 
 out its Intablature, it’s evident from 
 what has been faid, that if the 
 Height be divided into 40 Parts, 
 there will be 10 for the Pedeftal, 
 
 30 for the Column, and the Diameter is equal to 3, as in the laft 
 Section. 
 
 CHAP. 
 

 
 
 
 c 
 
 -- "• 
 
 1 
 
 18 ."% 
 
 ^late 
 
 UJ U L 
 
 
 H 
 
 ==? 
 
 1 
 
 
 I 
 
 ! 
 
 ompo 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 Q_ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 N 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
 
 
 ’ 
 
 4- 
 
 
 
 
 
 T 
 
 
 
 
 _L 
 
 
 
 
 
 T 
 
 
 
 
 ::; 
 
 __L 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 _v 
 
 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . \ 
 
 
 
 
 r ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 • ■ * 
 
1^ ^ 
 
C ompofrta 
 
 ■ 
 

Coynf?v^ta Kyi/rtJi 
 
 
 H ^rvu: cUlin 
 
C >9 3 
 
 I • 
 
 ^ CHAP. xni. 
 
 of the COMPOSITE ARCH. 
 
 T O eredlit, divide the Diame- 
 ter in the Clear, into 21 equal 
 Parts j of which, give 49 
 of liich Parts, or 2 Diameters and 
 7 -j Parts, to the Height in ' the 
 Clear, 4 to the Height of the Key- 
 Stone, and 4 is equal to the Diame- 
 ter of the Column : And the whole 
 Breadth of the Pillafter, is equal to 
 2 Diameters of the Column. 
 
 N. B. For the true Plan of the 
 Compofite Capital, fee Valladioh 
 firft Book, Pages 1 1 3, 114. 
 
 Sr’z&e Names of the Membets, 
 
 A The Architrave round 
 the Arch 
 
 B 
 
 Cima reverfil 
 
 C 
 
 Falcia 
 
 D 
 
 Cima reda 
 
 E 
 
 Ovolo 
 
 F 
 
 Frieze 
 
 G 
 
 Aftragal 
 
 H 
 
 Body of the Pi- 
 lafter 
 
 I 
 
 Cima reverfa 
 
 K 
 
 Corona 
 
 L 
 
 Cima redia 
 
 M 
 
 Body of the Pc- 
 deftal 
 
 N 
 
 Cima reverla 
 
 0 
 
 Torus 
 
 P 
 
 Plinth. 
 
 F I N I S. 
 
 9 
 
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