GTJT TAG'S F O R E I G N C U R R ENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE CHARLES D. WHEELER, DERBY, CONN. GUTTAG’S FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE W. C. SANDERS NUMISMATIST 608 Dixwell Ave. Tel. 8-4882 New Haven, Conn. PUBLISHED BY Guttag Bros. FOREIGN MONEY AND EXCHANGE Numismatists NEW YORK, U. S. A. COPYRIGHT 1921 BY Guttag Bros. PREFACE Since the World War 1914-1918 a greater interest generally has been created in For- eign Monies and Exchange, and from ques- tions which have been put to the publishers in the course of business it appears that a book such as this is needed. It is not our intention to publish a Text- book on this subject, but to provide a Ready Reference of complete up-to-date information such as experience has taught us will be equally helpful to Banker, Merchant, Numis- matist, Student, and “The Man in the Street.” To this end technicalities have been avoided and the whole modeled on a comprehensive plan. Whilst every endeavor has been made to present the facts correctly it is possible that there are errors in the text ; we would appre- ciate any such being brought to our attention. GUTTAG BROTHERS. FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Gold Standard — Unit: Dollar = 100 Cents = 1,000 Mills. COINS: Copper Cent y 2 No longer coined. << a i a a a it Cents 2 a a a Bronze Cent 1 Nickel a 1 No longer coined. a Cents 3 a a a ii a 5 Nickel. Silver a 3 No longer coined. << 5 a a a <( a 10 Dime. u a 20 No longer coined. a a 25 Quarter. a a 50 Half Dollar. a Dollar 1 a Trade Dollar No longer coined and worth only Bullion value. Gold Dollar 1 No longer coined. a Dollars 2% Quarter Eagle. No longer coined. a a 3 No longer coined. a a 4 Pattern. a a 5 Half Eagle. a a 10 Eagle. a a 20 Double Eagle. a a 50 Pattern. (See outside cover.) Gold is legal tender to any amount. The Silver Dollar is legal tender to any amount; sub- sidiary silver to any amount not exceeding $10.00, and minor coin to an amount of 25c. 5 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE The name “Trade Dollar” was given to a coin weighing 420 grains Troy which was authorized by an Act of February 12th, 1873. This piece was instituted to compete with the Mexican silver dollar in the Orient and to stimulate trade with China. Although the Trade Dollar was intrinsically of greater value than the Mexican Dollar it did not fulfill expectations and was discontinued in 1878. Proofs were issued as late as 1885 and further coinage was prohibited by an Act of Feb- ruary 19th, 1887. At the present time the Trade Dollar is of value only as Bullion. NOTES: Notes issued by the Government, and by the National Banks, and the Federal Reserve Banks under Gov- ernment Regulation are of many kinds. Those principally cur- rent today are: — (1) SILVER CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT authorized by an Act of Congress February 28th, 1878, and subsequent Acts, in denominations of $1,000, 500, 100, 50, 10, 5, 2 and 1. The last issue comprises denominations of $5, $2 and $1 only. These notes are not legal tender, but are acceptable for customs duties, taxes and public dues. (2) UNITED STATES OR LEGAL TENDER NOTES authorized by an Act of Congress, February 25th, 1862, and subsequent Acts and Amendments, in de- nominations of $1,000, 500, 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2 and 1. They are legal tender in payment of dues, public and private, except duties on imports and in- terest on the public debt. (3) NATIONAL BANK NOTES authorized by an Act of Congress February 25th, 1863, and subsequent Acts, in denominations of $1,000, 500, 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2 and 1. These are not legal tender but are acceptable for all public dues except duties on im- ports. They are redeemable by the Treasurer of the United States and by the Bank of issue. (4) FEDERAL RESERVE NOTES are not legal tender, but are acceptable for all public dues, and on all accounts by Federal Reserve Banks, National 6 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Banks, and other Banks which are members of the Federal Reserve system. They are redeemable in gold by the Treasurer of the United States and in gold or other lawful money by any Federal Reserve Bank. (5) FEDERAL RESERVE BANK NOTES are for all practical purposes identical with and governed by the same principles as National Bank Notes. Other varieties which retain their former legal tender status, but which are seldom met with at this time: — (6) DEMAND TREASURY NOTES in denominations of $20, $10 and $5, issued under authority of an Act of Congress, July 17th, 1861. They were the first ever issued with backs printed green, and were called “GREENBACKS, ” which name has since been gen- erally applied to United States Paper Money. These notes do not bear the seal of the United States Treasury. They are legal tender. (7) GOLD CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT PAYABLE TO BEARER ON DEMAND are issued in denomina- tions of $10,000, 5,000, 1,000, 500, 100, 50, 20, 10 and 5, and are legal tender in payment of all duties, dues, public and private, authorized under an act of December 24th, 1919. (8) GOLD CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT PAYABLE TO ORDER are not legal tender. They are ac- ceptable for customs and all public dues. See Act of Congress, July 12th, 1883. (9) FRACTIONAL CURRENCY is the common name for certain issues of small notes which, on account of a lack of small coins, the Government put into circulation during the Civil War period 1862 to 1865. They were authorized by Act of Congress July 17th 1862 and subsequent Acts — denomina- tions Cents 50, 25, 15, 10, 5 and 3. N. B. — Previous to 1861 the Government did not issue notes. All Bank Notes issued before 1861 and all Confederate Notes are valueless. All gold coins minted previous to 1834 are in- trinsically worth $5.25 for each $5.00 face value. 7 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE AFRICA ABYSSINIA Silver Standard — Unit: Talari or Dollar COINS: | Value about 43c. U. S. | Value about $11 y 2 = £1 stg. Silver 1 Talari — Menelik or Maria Theresa Dollar ti Vi Talari it V* Talari it Vr Talari it 1/16 Talari (Piastre, Toumoun, Mehalek or Guerche) Copper Vi Guerche a Vi, Guerche a Vr Guerche (Besa). The Bank of Abyssinia with government permission is- sues notes in denominations of 500, 100, 50, 10 and 5 Dollars. This paper was not readily accepted by the natives but is now becoming generally recognized and accepted by them. The Maria Theresa Dollar and the Menelik Dollar have nominally the same value, but the latter never circulated easily. The Menelik silver coins all bear the effigy of Mene- lik on the obverse, with the Lion of Judah bearing a standard oh the reverse. In the first issue the Lion has its mouth closed, the standard held in the left paw and the tail turned straight along the back. The second issue shows the lion with the mouth open, the standard in the right paw and the tuft of the tail curved backward. The two issues are identical in weight and fineness but the second one is, for some unex- plained prejudice, disliked by the populace and only grudg- ingly accepted. The Menelik Piastre usually circulates at a premium on account of the demand for the smaller coin for trading pur- poses. Bars of salt, cartridges, etc., are also used as currency and are common exchange in the bazaars of the interior. Certain varieties of Cotton Cloth, called Aboudjidid or Stamma are also used as currency. 8 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE ALGERIA Currency same as French Equivalents. COINS: Copper Nickel Silver Gold Centimes 5 and 10. “ 5, 10 and 25. “ 50, Francs 1 and 2. Francs 10 and 20. La Banque d’Algerie issues notes payable to bearer in denominations of Francs 1,000, 500, 100, 50, 20 and 5. French coins also circulate. ANGOLA Currency same as that of Portugal. NOTES: Notes of the Banco Nacional Ultramarino cir- culate in the Colony at face value but in all other Colonies and in Portugal itself, such notes are only accepted at a dis- count. ASHANTI See British West Africa. AZORES The currency is identical with that of Portugal. NOTES: These are of two kinds usually termed “Strong,” and “Weak” ; the latter are stamped “ACORES” and are cur- rent at face value only in the Islands. In all other Colonies and Portugal itself, such notes are only accepted at a dis- count. “STRONG MONEY” Escudos 1,000, 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2, 1 and 50 Centavos. “WEAK MONEY” Escudos 50, 20, 10, 5 and 2i/ 2 . BASUTOLAND See Union of South Africa. BECHUANALAND See Union of South Africa. 9 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE BEIRA See Portuguese East Africa. BELGIAN CONGO Currency same as Belgium, but the Colony has coins of its own special design as follows: Copper Centimes 1 and 2. Nickel “ 5, 10 and 20. NOTES: Notes in the following denominations are is- sued by La Banque du Congo Beige and are legal tender throughout the Colony: Francs 1,000, 500, 100, 50, 20, 10, 5 and 1. BRITISH EAST AFRICA See Kenia Colony. BRITISH SOMALILAND This Protectorate has officially adopted the coinage of British India and obtains it’s supplies from the Indian Gov- ernment as and when required. BRITISH SOUTH AFRICA See Union of South Africa. BRITISH WEST AFRICA The coinage current in this Colony is the same as that of Great Britain with the following exceptions, viz.: SILVER COINS: 2 shillings, 1 shilling, 6d. and 3d. BRONZE COINS: Id., V£d., l/10d. — which coins are of a new issue and design, and are not current in the United Kingdom. The West African Currency Board, which was established in 1912, issues notes for £5, 20/ — , 10/ — , 5/ — , 2/ — and 1/ — . British Treasury Notes and Bank of England Notes also circulate. 10 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE CAMEROONS Previous to August, 1914, the currency of this district was the same as that of Germany. Trading with the natives in the interior has been carried on by barter, the use of cowrie shells and tokens of gold and brass. Some Maria Theresa Dollars were used by the more advanced natives. No agreement has been reached to date as to the disposi- tion of this ex-German Territory. In the event of its trans- fer to one of the Allied Nations, the Colony will probably adopt the currency of the country to which transferred. CANARY ISLANDS Currency same as that of Spain. For administrative purposes these islands are considered an integral part of Spain. CAPE COLONY See Union of South Africa. CAPE OF GOOD HOPE See Union of South Africa. CAPE VERDE ISLANDS Currency same as that of Portugal with the exception that the nickel coins of Reis 50 and 10, current in Portugal are not current in this Colony. Their place is occupied by old small silver coins still current, but not commonly used in Portugal. NOTES: The Banco Nacional Ultramarino issues notes which circulate at face value in the islands, but which are at a discount in Portugal. DAHOMEY French Coin and notes of La Banque de l’Afrique Occi- dental Frangaise are the general currency. See also remarks under heading “French African Colonies.” ll FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE A duty of 25% is imposed on all foreign money in Da- homey, and by a decree of 1903, the style of coins likely to be mistaken for French money, e. g., Piastres, was forbidden. Cowries are also used as a medium of exchange, and the following may be figured as equivalents: 50 cowries = 1 string. 50 strings = 1 head 4 heads = 1 dollar. Inland the value of the cowrie is lower. EGYPT Gold Standard. Unit: £E1 = 100 Piastres (U. S. Par Value, $4.94307 = 1,000 Milliemes. \Stg. Par Value, £1.0.4% COINS: Bronze Millieme *4 and % Nickel “ 1, 2, 5 and 10 Silver Piastres 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 Gold “ 50 (£Ei/ 2 ), 100 (£E1), and 500 (£E5). Silver is legal tender up to £E2, nickel and bronze up to Pt. 10. NOTES: The National Bank of Egypt is authorized to issue notes in denominations of £E100, 50, 10, 5, 1, Pt. 50 and 25- To remedy the recent shortage of silver the Egyptian Government has also issued temporary notes of Pt. 10 and 5. For the same reason a decree was made on March 6th, 1916, authorizing the use, provisionally, of the Indian Rupee as legal currency at the fixed value of 65 milliemes. ERITREA Unit : Thaler or Tallaro = 5 Lire = 500 Centesimi. COINS : Bronze Thaler 1/100 ( 5 Centesimi) “ 44 2/100 (10 “ ) Silver “ 1/10 (50 “ ) “ “ 2/10 (Lira 1) “ “ 4/10 (Lire 2) 44 44 1 ( 44 5). 12 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE The Italian Government has recently minted a new Trade Dollar for the express purpose of competing with the Maria Theresa Dollar in this Colony. The new coin averages 433.12 Grains of silver .835 Fine as compared with 433.02 Grains .8333 Fine of the Austrian Dollar. In view of the conservatism of the native trader in the Red Sea area and his well-known predilection for the Maria Theresa Dollar the course of the new Italian piece will be watched with interest. FERNANDO PO Currency same as that of Spain. FRENCH AFRICAN COLONIES In the whole of the group of these Colonies the only legal money, gold, silver, or base coin, is that coined and is- sued by the Bank of France — that is to say, the same as the coinage circulating in France. NOTES: La Banque de l’Afrique Occidentale Frangaise issues notes for: Francs 1,000, 500, 100, 50, 25 and 5. The value of each note is overprinted in both Arabic and the local language — the latter being in different colors for the separate colonies thus: For Senegal — Red “ Guinea — Green “ Dahomey — Black “ Ivory Coast — Blue. In addition, the name of the Branch Bank which issues the Bills appears on each note as follows: For Senegal — Dakar “ Guinea — Conakry “ Dahomey — Porto-Novo “ Ivory Coast — Grand Bassam. These notes are all interchangeable, they actually circu- late, and are considered as legal tender in all the colonies of the group. 13 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE During the war, on account of the scarcity of silver and small coins the Governments of various colonies issued small notes for Fes. 2, 1 and 50 Centimes — similar to those issued by the various Chambers of Commerce in France. These notes are considered as only being temporary, however, and will disappear when small change again circulates freely. Trading with the up-country natives in general is carried on by means of barter; among themselves the natives use their own currencies consisting chiefly of small metallic ob- jects, wire, etc. In the Chad territory the Maria Theresa Dollar is in common use, and by a decree of January 31st, 1903, its value was fixed at three Francs. FRENCH GUINEA See also remarks under heading “French African Colonies.” A certain amount of British money is in circulation on account of commercial connections with Sierra Leone. FRENCH IVORY COAST See also remarks under heading “French African Colonies.” French is the legal currency and the importation of foreign money is prohibited, although British £1 and 10/ — Gold are accepted. In certain regions the natives still adhere to the old cur- rency which was in use before the French occupation. In the district of Seguela they have the “SOMBE” — a piece of forged iron. Gold dust is used in Bonduku and Nzi-Komoe, and cowries in Kong. In the lagoon and forest regions they use the “MANILLE” — a bronze coin weighing about 145 grams — which is wor^h about 20 Centimes. All native cur- rency and monies are, however, tending to disappear. FRENCH SOMALILAND The sole legal money of La Cote des Somalis is the French Franc and it’s subdivisions, but there are no Bank of France Notes circulating in the territory. La Banque de Undo Chine issues Notes for Francs 100, 20, and 5 which are the only ones in circulation. 14 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE GAMBIA See British West Africa. GERMAN EAST AFRICA See Tanganyika Territory. GOLD COAST See British West Africa. KENIA COLONY Unit: Indian Silver Rupee fU. S. Par Value, $0.48665. = 100 Cents. (Sterling Par Value, 24d. COINS: Nickel Cents 1, 5 and 10. Silver “ 25 and 50. Rupee 1. NOTES: The Government issues notes for Rupees 500, 100, 50, 20, 10 and 5. Government of India Rupee Notes, British Treasury and Bank of England Sterling Notes are also current; the latter are legal tender at exchange 10 Rupees = £ 1 . LIBERIA Unit: Dollar 100 Cents i U * s - Par Value, $1.00 iuu ^ems. | sterling Par Value, 49.316d. COINS: Copper Cents 1, 2 and 5. Silver “ 10, 25 and 50. No Liberian gold has yet been coined, and there is no Liberian paper issued. In addition to the small amount of Liberian money in circulation there are also West African and English silver coins and British Imperial Notes. British money is legal tender at the local fixed rate of $4.80 = £1 sterling. In the interior the natives have little idea of exchange except by barter; powder, cloth, salt and cowries are the ar- ticles most used for their purposes. 15 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE LOURENCO MARQUES See Portuguese East Africa. MADEIRA Currency identical with that of Portugal. NOTES: Notes issued by the Banco de Portugal are in circulation. MADAGASCAR Currency same as France. The Bank of France Notes are in circulation. MAURETANIA See also remarks under heading ^French African Colonies.” Coins of the Latin-Union and Notes of the Banque de l’Afrique Occidentale Frangaise are in circulation. No other coins are in use. MAURITIUS Currency same as British India with the addition of cer- tain local issues. Unit: Rupee of 16 Annas = 100 Cents. COINS: Bronze Local Silver Rupee 1/10 = Cents a 5, 2, 1 10 tt a a Vs = a 25 British Indian a a % = a 25 tt a a a % = a 50 a a a a 1 = a 100. NOTES: Notes are issued by the Commissioners of Cur- rency under Ordinance No. 28 of 1876, in denominations of Rupees 50, 10, and 5, which are redeemable on demand in British Indian Silver Rupees. In 1920 a Rupee 1 note was issued and is now current. British Indian coins are legal tender to any amount; local coins are legal tender in payment of sums not exceeding Rupees 5. 16 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE MOROCCO Silver Standard. Unit: Rial or Dollar = 20 Reals or Gersh. COINS: Copper Fels 1, Flus 2 and 4. Silver Rial 1/20, 1/10, *4, */2 and 1. NOTES: Notes are issued by the Banque d’Etat du Maroc in denominations of Rials 40 and 20. Morocco being now a French Protectorate the currency of France predomin- ates. The following may be figured as equivalents: 1 Rial = Francs 5. The above-mentioned copper coins are old Moorish pieces principally circulating in the interior and the bazaars. Pesetas circulate to some extent, but only in the Spanish Zone. MOZAMBIQUE See Portuguese East Africa. NATAL See Union of South Africa. NIGERIA See British West Africa. NYASSALAND See Union of South Africa. ORANGE FREE STATE See Union of South Africa. ORANGE RIVER COLONY See Union of South Africa. 17 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA British Sterling coinage circulates throughout the Colon- ies, with the exception of the area controlled by the Com- panhia de Mocambique where the coins of Portugal are cur- rent. NOTES: The Banco Nacional Ultramarino issues notes in denominations of £10, 5 and 1, and these are the only legal tender notes. This Bank also issues notes for Escudos 50, 20, 10, 5, 2 Y 2 , 1, Centavos 50, 20 and 10, and these together with British Treasury, Bank of England, and South African Bank Notes also circulate throughout the Colony with the exception of the Mozambique Company’s Territory already alluded to. RHODESIA See Union of South Africa. RIO DE ORO Currency same as that of Spain. RIO MUNI Currency same as that of Spain. ST. HELENA British Imperial Sterling coins are the sole legal metallic currency. British Treasury Notes of £1 and 10/ — are legal tender and circulate freely. SAN THOME Currency same as that of Portugal. NOTES: Notes issued by the Banco Nacional Ultramarino circulate at face value ; these notes are, however, at a discount in Portugal. SENEGAL See French African Colonies. 18 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE SIERRA LEONE See British West Africa. SWAZIELAND See Union of South Africa. TANGANYIKA TERRITORY Unit: COINS: Rupee = 100 Cents. jU. S. Par Value, $0.48665 (Sterling Par Value, 24d. Copper Cents 1 and 5. Nickel “ 10. Silver Rupees */2 and 1. NOTES: British Indian Rupee Notes and also those is- sued by the Governments of British East Africa and Zanzibar circulate throughout the Colony, but actually the only paper legal tender is the British Indian Rupee 1 note. It is understood that the currency of this Territory will likely be brought into conformity with that of the former British East African Colonies now called Kenia Colony. TOGOLAND At the present time this territory is divided into two por- tions, the northern part being known as the British Mandated Zone of Togoland, while the southern is called the French Mandated Zone of Togoland. In both parts the currency is almost entirely that of British West Africa, namely, £5, 1, 10/ — , 2/ — and 1/ — notes of the West African Currency Board, silver coins 2/ — , 1/ — , 6d. and 3d., and nickel coins Id. and V 2 d. In the French Zone French copper coins also circulate to a limited extent at 10 centimes = Id. An alloy coin has recently been introduced by the West African Currency Board to take the place of silver and the coins are minted to the similar token values of 2/ — , 1/ — , 6d. and 3d. These coins, however, have not circulated in the French Zone. The Banque de TAfrique Occidentale will shortly open 19 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE a branch at Lome and will undoubtedly issue its notes of similar values to those issued in other parts of French West Africa. TRANSVAAL See Union of South Africa. TRIPOLI Currency same as Italy. TUNIS Currency same as French Equivalents. COINS: Copper Centimes 5 and 10. Nickel “ 5, 10, and 25. Silver “ 50, Francs 1 and 2. Gold Francs 10, and 20. La Banque d’Algerie issues notes payable to bearer in the Regency of Tunis in denominations of Francs 1,000, 500, 100, 50, 20 and 5; these notes bear the stamp “Tunisie.” The government of the Protectorate also issues notes for Francs 2 and 1, and Centimes 50. French coins also circulate. UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA The coinage of Great Britain is current throughout the whole Colony, and there are also certain of the old South African Republic coins still in circulation. NOTES: At present most of the South African Banks is- sue notes in denominations of £50, £20, £10, £5, £1 and 10 shillings, but the Currency and Banking Act of 1920 provides for the establishment of a Central Reserve Bank which will have the sole right to issue bank notes in the Union. Upon the expiration of two years from the date when the present issuing banks issue or re-issue notes (which date will be fixed by proclamation in the “Gazette”), each of such banks “shall 20 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE pay over to the Central Reserve Bank the amount of its notes still outstanding and its liability to the holders thereof shall thereupon determine and shall be assumed by the Central Reserve Bank.” ZANZIBAR Unit: British Indian Silver fU. S. Par Value, $0.48665 Rupee = 100 Cents. (.Sterling Par Value, 24d. COINS: Bronze Cents 1 and 10. Nickel “ 20. All the silver rupee coins of British India are legal tender for the payment of any amount, and subsidiary coins to any amount not exceeding Rupees 5. The Sovereign and the Half- Sovereign are also legal tender. NOTES: The Zanzibar Government issues notes in de- nominations of Rupees 500, 100, 50, 20, 10 and 5. ZULULAND See Union of South Africa. FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE AMERICA Central America BRITISH HONDURAS Gold Standard. Unit: Dollar = 100 Cents. fU. S. Par Value, $1.00 ISterling Par Value, 49.316d. COINS: Bronze Cent 1 Nickel Cents 5 Silver “ 10, 25, 50. NOTES: Notes are issued by the Government of British Honduras in denominations of $10, $5, $2 and $1. British Honduras silver coins are legal tender up to $10; nickel and bronze up to 50 Cents. British and United States Gold are also legal tender for any amount. COSTA RICA Gold Standard. Unit: Colon = 100 Centimos. U- S. Par Value, $0.4653. COINS: Copper Centimo 1 Nickel Centimos 1 and 2 Brass “ 5 and 10 Silver “ 5, 10, 25 and 50 Gold Colon 1, Colones 2, 5, 10 and 20. Foreign Gold Coins are legal tender at the following rates : U. S. Dollar = 2 Colones 15 Centimos Pound Sterling = 10 “ 45 French Franc — 41.25 Centimos German Mark =51 “ NOTES: Notes are issued by the following local Banks in denominations of Colones 100. 50, 20, 10 and 5: Banco In- temacional de Costa Rica, Banco de Costa Rica, Banco Mer- 22 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE cantil de Costa Rica, Banco Commercial de Costa Rica, and El Banco Anglo Costarricense. The Government issues notes for Colones 2, Colon 1 and Centimos 50 and 25. GUATEMALA Inconvertible Paper Standard. (Former basis Silver.) Unit: Peso = 8 Reales = 100 Centavos. Value about $.025. COINS: Copper Centavos 5 Nickel Real %, 1/2, 1 and Reales 2% Silver Centavos 5, 10, 25, 50 and Peso 1 Gold Pesos 1, 214 and 5. At the present time the only coins which are actually in circulation are the 14 , % and 1 Real pieces. The silver coins have all disappeared from circulation. NOTES: Notes are issued by El Banco Internacional de Guatemala, El Banco de Guatemala and El Banco Occidental in denominations of Pesos 500, 100, 25, 20, 5 and 1. As there is no gold provision for the maintenance of this currency it is subject to enormous fluctuation. HONDURAS (Republic of) Silver Standard. Unit: Peso or Dollar = 100 Centavos. Value about $0,434. COINS: Copper Centavos 1 and 2 Silver “ 5, 10, 20, 25, 50 and Peso 1. In addition to the above, all the coins of Peru, Chile, Guatemala, Salvador, Colombia, etc., are current although neither these nor the Honduras coins circulate to any extent; most transactions are carried on with United States currency. NOTES: Notes are issued by the Banco de Honduras and the Banco Atlantida in denominations of $100, 50, 20, 10, 5 and 1. 23 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE NICARAGUA Gold Exchange Standard. Unit: Cordova = fU. S. Par Value, $1.00. 100 Centavos (Sterling Par Value, 49.316d. COINS: Copper Centavos 1 and 2 Nickel “ 5 and 10 Silver “ 10, 25, 50 and Cordova 1 Gold Cordovas 2!/2> 5 and 10. NOTES: The Banco Nacional de Nicaragua is the only Bank authorized to issue notes. These are in denominations of Cordovas 1,000, 500, 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2 and 1, and Centavos 50, 25 and 10. All the old notes issued by the Nicaraguan Government have been recalled. No gold has been coined. PANAMA (Republic of) Gold Standard. Unit: Balboa = fU. S. Par Value, $1.00. 100 Centesimos. (Sterling Par Value, 49.316d. COINS: Nickel Centesimos */2 and 2% Silver “ 2%, 5, 10, 25 and 50. There is very little Panamanian silver coinage in circu- lation most of it having disappeared since 1914 owing to the rise in the price of the metal. The currency and coins in common use are those of the United States of America, which are legal tender in Panama. There are no gold coins issued and no local Bank Notes. SALVADOR Gold Standard. Unit: Colon or Peso iU. S. Par Value, $0.50. = 100 Centavos. (Sterling Par Value, 24.658d. COINS: Nickel Centavos 1, 3 and 5 Silver “ 5, 10, 20, 25, 50 and Colon 1. NOTES: Notes are issued by Banco Occidental, Banco Salvadoreno and Banco Agricola Comercial in denominations of Colones 500, 100, 50, 25, 10, 5, 2 and 1. 24 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE North America ALASKA Currency same as that of United States. BERMUDA Currency same as that of Great Britain with the excep- tion of a limited amount of Local Government £1 notes which were issued during December, 1914. Owing to the large number of tourists who visit Bermuda in the period December-May there is a large amount of United States currency in circulation during that time (principally bills) which is usually accepted by the public at the rate fixed by the local banks for exchange on New York. American currency is not accepted by the local Treasury in payment of duties, etc. Intending visitors would be ad- vised to take Sterling currency with them. DOMINION OF CANADA Gold Standard. Unit: Dollar = 100 Cents JU. S. Par Value, $1.00. = 1,000 Mills. \Sterling Par Value, 49.316d. COINS: Bronze Cent 1 (large and small) Nickel Cents 5 Silver Cents 5, 10, 25 and 50 Gold . $2i/ 2 , 5, 10 and 20 Gold Half Sovereign and Sovereign. NOTES: All Chartered Canadian Banks are authorized to issue notes for $5.00 and multiples thereof. The following Banks issue notes in denominations of $100, 50, 20, 10 and 5: Canadian Bank of Commerce Dominion Bank Bank of Hamilton Home Bank of Canada 25 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Imperial Bank of Canada Merchants Bank of Canada Molsons Bank Bank of Montreal Bank of Nova Scotia Royal Bank of Canada Standard Bank of Canada Sterling Bank of Canada Bank of Toronto IMon Bank of Canada Banque d’Hochelaga La Banque Nationale La Banque Provinciale The Canadian Government issues notes for $5,000, 1,000, 500, 100, 5, 2, 1 and 25 Cents. The $5,000 note is used only for bank clearings. N- B. — The following banks which previously issued notes are now consolidated as follows: Bank of British North America with Quebec Bank “ Bank of Ottawa “ Northern Crown Bank “ Metropolitan Bank “ Union Bank of Halifax “ Eastern Township Bank “ Traders Bank “ Bank of Montreal Royal Bank of Canada Bank of Nova Scotia Royal Bank of Canada Bank of Nova Scotia Royal Bank of Canada Canadian Bank of Commerce Royal Bank of Canada. Previous to 1890 practically all banks doing business in Canada issued notes. Notes issued by the following banks are practically worthless: Agricultural Bank of Upper Canada Bank of Arcadia, Liverpool, Nova Scotia Bank of Brantford, Brantford, Ont. Bank of Canada, Montreal, P. Q. Bank of Clifton, Clifton, Ont. Bank of Liverpool, Nova Scotia Bank of London, London, Ont. Bank of People, Toronto, Ont. Bank of Prince Edward Island, Toronto, Ont. Bank of Prince Edward Island, Charlotte Town 26 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Bank of Upper Canada, Toronto, Ont. Bank of Western Canada, Clifton, Ont. Bank of Yarmouth British Canadian Bank, Toronto, Ont. Central Bank of Canada, Toronto, Ont. (Changed from the Superior Bank of Canada) Central Bank of New Brunswick, Fredericton, N. B. Charlotte Co. Bank, St. Andrews, N. B. City Bank of Montreal, Montreal, P. Q. Colonial Bank of Canada, Toronto, Ont. Commercial Bank of New Brunswick, St. John, N. B. Commercial Bank of Manitoba, Winnipeg Commercial Bank of Newfoundland, St. Johns, N. F. Consolidated Bank of Canada, Montreal, P. Q. Exchange Bank of Canada, Montreal, P. Q. Farmers' Bank of Rustico, P. E. I. Farmers' Joint Stock Banking Co., Toronto, Ont. Farmers' Bank, Toronto, Ont. Federal Bank of Canada, Toronto, Ont. International Bank of Canada, Toronto, Ont. La Banque Jacques Cartier, Montreal La Banque Ville Marie Mechanics' Bank, St. John, N. B. Mechanics' Bank, Montreal, P. Q. Metropolitan Bank, Montreal, P. Q. (Before 1876) Ontario Bank Picton Bank, Picton, N. S. Provincial Bank of Canada, Stanstead, P. Q. Royal Canadian Bank, Montreal, P. Q. Royal Canadian Bank, Toronto, Ont. Sovereign Bank of Canada Stadacona Bank, Quebec, P. Q. Summerside Bank of Prince Edward Island Union Bank of Newfoundland, St. Johns, N. F. Union Bank of Montreal, Montreal, P. Q. Westmoreland Bank of New Brunswick, Moncton, N. B. Zimmerman's Bank, Elgin, Ont. LEGAL TENDER. Canadian Gold coins are legal tender for any amount. The British Sovereign is current at $4.86% for any amount, and also any other gold coins current in the 27 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE United Kingdom and being a multiple or division of the Sovereign are current and legal tender at the same rate. All United States gold pieces coined after January 18th, 1837, pass current and are legal tender at par. Silver coins are legal tender for payment of an amount not exceeding $10.00 and Bronze to an amount not exceeding 25 Cents. The fineness of all Canadian Silver coins was reduced from .925 to .800 by a law of May 16th, 1920. MEXICO Gold Standard. Unit: Peso = 100 Centavos. U. S. Par Value, $0.49846. COINS: Copper Centavos 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 Nickel “ 5 Silver 44 10, 20 and 50. Peso 1. Gold Pesos 2, 2 1 / 2 , 5, 10 and 20. All gold and the silver peso are legal tender to any amount; subsidiary silver coins to Pesos 20, and copper to Peso 1. All silver and copper coins dated before 1904 are demon- etized. The old issue of Pesos 5, 10 and 20 gold coins, Maximilian silver and Real issues are worth only bullion values. It is understood that a new gold piece of 50 Pesos (called “ITURBIDE”) will shortly be issued. NOTES: At the time of writing no banks are allowed to put new bills into circulation and until the proposed Gov- ernment Bank commences to operate there will be no new paper money issued. The following bank notes are good all over Mexico, but their prices vary according to market conditions: Banco Nacional “ del Londres y Mexico “ de Aguascalientes El Banco de Coahuila “ “ 44 Durango Banco del Estado de Mexico El Banco de Guerrerro 44 44 del Guanajuato 28 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE El Banco del Hidalgo “ “ 44 Jalisco 44 44 44 Morelos 44 44 44 Mercantil de Monterey 44 14 44 44 44 Vera Cruz 44 44 44 Minero de Mexico 44 44 44 Nuevo Leon 44 44 44 Occidental de Mexico 44 44 44 Oriental Pueblo 44 44 44 Peninsular Mexicano 44 44 44 Queretaro 44 44 44 San Luis Potosi 4 4 44 44 Sonora 44 44 44 Tabasco 44 44 44 Tamaulipas 44 44 44 Zacatecas All Villista note issues are worthless. The Carranza notes are called “Infalsificables.” The fine contents of the silver coins of this country have been altered from time to time as noted below : By a Law of March 25, 1905, Centavos 50, 20 and 10 re- duced to .800. By a Law of November 13, 1918, Peso 1 reduced to .800. By a Law of October 28, 1919, Peso 1, Centavos 50 and 20 reduced to .720. NEWFOUNDLAND Gold Standard. Unit: Dollar = 100 Cents. U. S. Par Value, $1.00. .Sterling Par Value, 49.316d. COINS: Copper Cent 1 Silver Cents 5, 10, 20, 25 and 50 Gold $2. NOTES: Notes are issued by: The Royal Bank of Canada The Bank of Montreal The Canadian Bank of Commerce, and The Bank of Nova Scotia in denominations of $100, 50, 20, 10 and 5. The Local Government issues notes for $2 and $1. 29 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE ST. PIERRE ET MIQUELON Currency same as France, including Bank of France Notes. French currency is the only legal tender, but actually Newfoundland, Canadian, British and United States Notes and Silver circulate very much more freely. Old Spanish and Mexican Dobloons also circulate to some extent, but not nearly so largely as before August, 1914. West Indies BRITISH WEST INDIES Antigua Currency same as Great Britain. The Royal Bank of Canada issues notes for $5.00. British Treasury Notes and Bank of England Notes are paid and received at the local par value of 4.80 West Indian Dollars to the £1. Bahamas Currency same as Great Britain. The Local Government is preparing an issue of notes (which are being printed by the American Bank Note Gompany at Ottawa, Canada) in denominations of £1, 10/ — and 4/ — . Notes issued in 1891 by the Bank of Nassau, which failed in 1916, have been recalled. Of this issue the un- redeemed balance only amounts to £659.6.0, the notes for which will probably never be presented for redemp- tion. Barbados Currency same as Great Britain. Notes are issued by the Royal Bank of Canada and 30 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE the Colonial Bank in denominations of $100, $20 and $5. The rate of exchange is fixed by law at 4/2 to the Dollar. At present there is no Government Issue of notes, but it is understood that one is contemplated. Dominica Currency same as Great Britain. The Colonial Bank of London and the Royal Bank of Canada both issue a note for $5.00 equal to £1.0.10 locally. The old note issued by the Royal Bank of Canada, that is, the note similar to that Bank’s Canadian issue except bearing the words “payable at Roseau, Dominica” printed across it, is being withdrawn. A new issue has recently appeared bearing on its face a picture of one of the Cana- dian Merchant Marine ships and on the reverse the Royal Coat of Arms. Grenada Currency same as Great Britain. Notes are issued by the Royal Bank of Canada and the Colonial Bank of London for $5.00. The Local Government issues notes for 10/ — , 5/ — and 2/6. Jamaica Currency same as Great Britain; in addition there are local nickel coins of Id., V 2 d. and % d. The following Banks issue notes: Colonial Bank of London, £10, £5 and £1 Royal Bank of Canada, £5 and £1 Bank of Nova Scotia* £5 and £1. The Local Government issues notes in denominations of 10/ — , 5/ — and 2/6 which are redeemable on demand in British Treasury Notes or British Silver. British Treasury Notes of £1 and 10/ — are legal tender. Montserrat Currency same as Great Britain. In addition to Bank of England and British Treasury Notes, the notes issued by the Antigua Branch of the Royal Bank of Canada are in circulation. 31 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Nevis Currency same as Great Britain. The notes issued by the St. Kitts Branch of the Royal Bank of Canada circulate together with the $5 note of the Colonial Bank. St. Kitts Currency same as Great Britain. Notes are issued by the Royal Bank of Canada and Colonial Bank in $5 denominations only. The Royal Bank of Canada issue has printed on its face the sterling equiva- lent £1.0.10. St. Lucia Currency same as Great Britain. The Royal Bank of Canada and the Colonial Bank of London issue notes in $5.00 denominations. The Local Government issues notes for 10/ — and 5/ — . Trinidad and Tobago Currency same as Great Britain. There are three issues of local currency notes in the islands, viz.: Trinidad Government Notes $1,000, $2 and $1. Colonial Bank Notes $100, $20 and $5. Royal Bank of Canada Notes $100, $20 and $5. The Canadian Bank of Commerce contemplates open- ing a branch at Port of Spain, and it is probable that this Bank will also issue notes. Accounts are kept in Dollars and Cents, the Pound ster- ling being the equivalent of $4.80 which is the local “par.” British West Indies (General) At the moment British Treasury Notes circulate very freely in all the Islands of the British West Indies, but they are not legal tender except in Jamaica. The Government of the Leeward Islands purposes issu- ing notes for 5/ — and 2/6. 32 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE MISCELLANEOUS Cuba Gold Standard. Unit: Peso or Dollar JU. S. Par Value, $1.00. = 100 Centavos or Cents. \Stg. Par Value, 49.316d. COINS: Nickel Cents 1, 2 and 5. Silver “ 10, 20, 40 and $1. Gold $1, 2, 4, 5, 10 and 20. NOTES: There are neither Government nor Bank is- sues of Cuban paper. All notes of the Government of the United States, United States National Bank Notes, and Federal Reserve Notes circulate at par, and are legal tender. The Government of Cuba established its National Monetary System by an Act of October 29, 1914, which authorized the coinage of gold, silver and nickel coins of the same fineness and proportionate weight as United States coins of similar denominations and specie. All gold coins bear on the obverse the effigy of Jose Marti and the legend “Patria y Libertad, ,, with the fineness in figures and the date. All Cuban metallic money is coined at the U. S. Mint in Philadelphia. United States coins circulate at par, and are legal ten- der. All other foreign monies are excluded from circula- tion. Dominican Republic ^The currency in general use in San Domingo is that of the United States of America. A small amount of old silver currency is still outstanding, and this is redeem- able at 5 to 1. Paper is practically worthless. Guadeloupe Currency same as France. The island has its own Fc. 1 and Fc. 1/2 nickel coins. NOTES: Issued by the Bank of Guadeloupe in denomi- nations of Fes. 500, 100, 25 and 5, payable in Guadeloupe only. 33 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Haiti Inconvertible Paper Standard. Unit Gourde = 100 Centimes. U. S. Par Value, 20c. COINS: Copper Centimes 1, 2 and 3 Nickel “ 5, 10, 20 and 50 Silver “ 10, 20 and 50, Gourde 1. NOTES: All the old issues are being retired as rapidly as possible, and will be replaced by bills issued by the Banque Nationale de la Republique d’Haiti. These notes will be a bank obligation similar to the Reserve Notes or the old National Bank Notes of the United States. They will be issued in denominations of Gourdes 10, 5, 2 and 1. GOURDES PAPER GOURDES: These are of two kinds. (1) The Government Issue of which only about one and one-quar- ter millions are still in circulation and which is being withdrawn at Gourdes 5 for $1.00 by means of United States greenbacks deposited with the Banque Nationale de la Republique d’Haiti by the Government, and (2) the Banque Nationals own notes which are worth 5 for $1.00, reimbursement of which is guaranteed by the Bank at any time. NICKEL GOURDES : This currency is not guaranteed and varies at certain times in value; e. g., at the time of writing Gourdes 5.25 Nickel are necessary to obtain Gourdes 5 paper or $1.00 U. S. Currency. SILVER GOURDES: These exist in small quantities only, and are worth about 60 Cents a Gourde. The coins have mostly been exported and sold abroad. GOLD GOURDES: Non-existent. Isle of Pines See Cuba. 34 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Martinique See Guadeloupe. Porto Rico Currency same as United States. There are no local bank issues of notes. St. Croix See Virgin Islands of United States. St. Thomas See Virgin Islands of United States. Virgin Islands of the United States (Formerly Danish West Indies) Gold Standard. Unit: Franc = 100 Bits. COINS: Bronze Bits 2%, 5 and 10 Nickel “ 25 Silver “ 50, Francs 1, 2 and 5. Gold Francs 20, 25 and 50. In accordance with the Law of March 29th, 1904, Francs 5 are equal to 1 Danish West Indian Dollar; therefore, 5 Bits equal 1 Cent. There is a considerable amount of United States Cur- rency in circulation and presumably in course of time the currency of these Islands will be brought into line with that of the United States. 35 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE South America ARGENTINE Gold Standard. . _ fU. S. Par Value Gold Peso $0.9468 = 1 U. S. Par Value Paper “ 0.4245* 100 Centavos, [sterling Par Value Gold Peso 47.58d. (*Conversion at 44% of gold peso.) COINS: Copper Centavos 1 and 2 Nickel “ 5, 10 and 20 Silver “ 10, 20, 50 and Peso 1 Gold Pesos 5 (Argentino.) There is very little silver in circulation at present. Gold coins are legal tender to any amount; silver up to an amount of Pesos 10. NOTES: Notes are issued by the Republic in denomina- tions of Pesos 1,000, 500, 100, 50, 10, 5 and 1, and Centavos 50. The Mayor of Buenos Aires has petitioned the National Government to coin a 12 Centavos piece in order to cope with the shortage of copper Centavos. Since permission has been given to the Buenos Aires Tramways to charge a fare of 12 Centavos, considerable difficulty in making change has been experienced, and it is to facilitate matters in this connection that the new coin has primarily been requested. BOLIVIA Gold Standard. Unit: Boliviano = 100 Centavos. U. S. Par Value $0.3893. COINS: Bronze Centavos */2 and 1 Nickel “ 5 and 10 Silver “ 20 and 50. Boliviano 1. The Pound Sterling and Pound Peruvian valued at Bolivi- anos 12.50 each, and the U. S. Gold Dollar at Bolivianos 2.57 to the Dollar are unlimited legal tender. 36 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Bolivia has no gold coins of its own. NOTES: Notes are issued by El Banco Nacional de Bo- livia, El Banco de la Nacion Boliviano, El Banco Francisco Ar- gandona, and El Banco Mercantil, in denominations of Bolivi- anos 500, 100, 50, 20, 10, 5 and 1. BRAZIL Gold Exchange Standard. Unit : Milreis = 1,000 Reis. fU. S. Par Value Gold Milreis, $0.5463 44 44 “ Paper 44 0.3244 iStg. 44 44 44 “ 16d. COINS: Bronze Reis 10, 20 and 40 Nickel 44 20, 50, 100, 200 and 400 Silver 44 500, 1,000 and 2,000 Gold Milreis 5, 10 and 20. NOTES: Notes are issued by the Government in denom- inations of Milreis 500, 200, 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2 and 1. “IMPERIO” notes are of no value. The term used to denote 1,000 Milreis is “Conto” and is written thus: — 1,000$000. BRITISH GUIANA Currency same as British West Indies. NOTES: The Local Government issues notes for $2 and $1. The Colonial Bank and the Royal Bank of Canada both issue notes for $100, $20 and $5. The new issue of the Royal Bank of Canada Notes bears on the face “payable in British Guiana Dollars equivalent to £20.16.8, £4.3.4, £1.0.10” respectively. The old issue (similar to the Montreal issue) is being withdrawn although a good many are still in circulation. There are still in existence some of the old notes issued by the British Guiana Bank which was taken over by the Royal Bank of Canada. As soon as presented these notes are redeemed and not re-issued. The British Guiana “Bit” or West Indian Groat was coined in 1891 to replace the British 4d. piece. This coin is the equiva- lent of the *4 Guilder or Dutch Guiana “Bit” which was at one time the favored coin in this Colony, and was the basis of the popular mode of reckoning. 37 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE CHILE Gold Exchange Standard. Unit: Peso = 100 Centavos, S ' Par ^ u %f °' 3650 fStg. Par Value, $13 1/3 = £1 COINS: Copper Uentavos V2, 1, 2 and 2*/2 Silver “ 5, 10, 20, 40, 50 and Peso 1. Gold Pesos 5 (Escudo), 10 (Doubloon), and 20 (Condor). Gold Pesos are not coined at the present time. English and Australian Sovereigns are legal currency at the rate of Pesos 13.33. The theoretical unit is the Gold Peso and its use is com- pulsory in transactions with Government Departments. Most trading with the country is also done on this basis because of the violent fluctuations which may occur from time to time in paper exchange quotations. The fineness of silver coins is now .500. The Government has recently accepted the bid of a French Company for making Pesos 20,000,000 in small nickel cur- rency. COLOMBIA Gold Standard. Unit: Dollar or Peso = fU. S. Par Value, $0.9733. 100 Centavos \Stg. Par Value, 4/ — . COINS: Copper Centavos 1, 2 and 5 Silver “ 10 (Real), 20 (Peseta) and Peso 1 Gold Pesos 1, 21/2 and 5 (Colombian Pound). NOTES: Notes are issued by the Republic of Colombia in denominations of Pesos 100, 50, 10, 5, 2 and 1. All notes whatsoever issued before 1915 are worthless. CURACAO (D. W. I.) Currency same as Netherlands, with the exception that the 25 and 10 cent pieces bear the words “Kolonie Curacao.” NOTES: The only Bank authorized to issue notes is the Curacaosche Bank which may issue same to a maximum total of Florins 1,500,000. Denominations — Florins 250, 100, 50, 25, 10 and 5. Treasury Notes are issued for Florins 2.50 and 1. 38 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE DUTCH GUIANA (Surinam) Currency same as Netherlands. NOTES: The Surinaamsche Bank issues notes in denomi- nations of Florins 1,000, 300, 200, 100, 50, 25, 10 and 5. The Local Government has also issued notes for Florins 2.50, 1 and .50, but this was a temporary “War measure” only, and it is expected they will soon be recalled. ECUADOR Gold Standard. Unit: Sucre = 100 Centavos. U. S. Par Value, $04867. COINS: (Real), 20 The Sucre 2 and 5 gold pieces have not yet been minted. The silver Sucre is legal tender to an amount of Sucres 10. NOTES: Notes are issued in denominations of Sucres 100, 50, 10, 5, 2 and 1 by the following Banks: El Banco Commercial Agricola Banco del Ecuador, Guayaquil Banco Commercial y Agricola, Quayaquil Banco del Pichincha, Quito Banco del Azuay. No private bankers issue notes. Copper Centavos 1 and 2 Nickel a i/ 2 , 1, 2i/ 2 and 5 Silver it 5 (Medio Real), 10 (Peseta) «« Sucre */2 and 1 Gold a 2, 5 and 10 (Condor). FALKLAND ISLANDS Currency same as Great Britain. A Government paper currency was established under an Order in Council dated March 7, 1899, and notes are, or may be, issued in denominations of £5, 1, 10/ — and 5/ — and any multiple of £5. FRENCH GUIANA Currency same as that of France with the addition of a local 10 Centimes piece called the “Sou Marque Blanc.” 39 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE The Sou Marque resembles the “Bit” of British Guiana inasmuch as it is the popular coin and the standard in which values are generally reckoned. Coined over a century ago, it is now usually a dirty and featureless metal disc which can be easily counterfeited, and the country is, consequently, full of spurious sous most of which have been made out of the metal of gasoline cans. One peculiar feature of this coin is that it is legal tender up to Francs 1,000, whilst French copper is only legal tender up to Francs 5. There is a movement on foot to have this coin withdrawn. NOTES: Notes are issued by the Banque de la Guyane in denominations of Francs 1,000, 500, 100, 50, 20, 10 and 5. PARAGUAY inconvertible Paper Standard. (Former basis Gold.) tt - 4 . t. ~ , /Value in U. S. Money Unit: Peso = 100 Centavos. -s , , A . labout $0.04 COINS: Copper Centavos 1 and 2 Nickel “ 5, 10 and 20 Silver “ 10, 20, 50 and Peso 1. NOTES: Notes are issued by the Government of the Re- public in denominations of Pesos 500, 200, 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2, 1 and Centavos 50. The Monetary system of this country is theoretically based on the Argentine Gold Peso, and the gold coins of Argentine are legal tender in Paraguay. At this time, however, prac- tically no coins of any sort are in circulation, the depreciated paper currency being generally accepted as a medium of ex- change. PERU Gold Standard. Unit: Pound Peruvian = fU. S. Par Value, $4.8665. 10 Soles = 1,000 Centavos./Sterling Par Value, £1. COINS: Bronze Centavos 1 and 2 Nickel “ 5, 10 and 20 Silver Sol 1/20, 1/10 (Dinero) Vs, V2 and 1 Gold £p V5, % and 1. 40 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE The £p. 1/5 piece is called “QUINTOS” and was author- ized by a Law of November 16, 1906. NOTES: Notes are issued by the Government of the Re- public in denominations of £p. 10, 5, 1 and Sol 1, and Cen- tavos 50 and 5. British gold is legal tender at par to any amount and previous to 1914 circulated freely. All notes issued previous to 1914 are of no value. URUGUAY Gold Standard. Unit: Peso = 100 Centesimos. U. S. Par Value, $1.0432. COINS: Nickel Centesimos 1, 2 and 5 Silver “ 10, 20, 50 and Peso 1 Gold Pesos 10 (Doubloon). The gold doubloon has never been coined. All gold coins of foreign countries are legal tender, the equivalents in local currency being established by law. Silver is only legal tender to limited amounts, the follow- ing being established by the Law of October, 1892: For payments up to 10 Pesos, 50% in silver “ “ from 10 to 25 Pesos, 30% in silver ft a ii 25 “ 100 u 20% “ a ii if 100 “ 500 ii 10% “ it ii a 500 “ 5000 a 5% “ ii it above 5000 Pesos 2% in silver. NOTES: Notes are issued solely by El Banco de la Re- publica Oriental de Uruguay in denominations of Pesos 500, 100, 50 and 10 gold currency, and Pesos 5 and 1 silver cur- rency. On account of the shortage of subsidiary coins some of the 1 Peso notes were surcharged “20 Centesimos” and put into circulation. These notes will shortly be retired. VENEZUELA Gold Standard. fU. S. Par Value, $0.19295. Unit: Bolivar = 100 Centimes | Sterling Par Value, 9.5157d. COINS: Copper Centavo 1 (old coinage) = Centimos 5 41 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Nickel Centimos 5 and 12% Silver “ 25 and 50. Bolivar 1, Bolivares 2, 2% and 5 Gold Bolivares 20, 25 and 100. Whilst the monetary system of this country is based on a gold standard with the Bolivar as the unit there are prac- tically three different monetary systems in use: — a) The standard mentioned above. This system is used by the Government in all its transactions. b) The old system of account with the Dollar or “PESO FUERTE ,, of 100 Centavos as the unit. The “Peso Fuerte” is figured as being the equivalent of 5 Bolivares. c) The remaining system has for its unit the “PESO MACQUINA” of 8 Reales and is recognized as equal to Bolivares 4 or Centavos 80 (8/10 of a “Peso Fuerte”). On account of the large number of foreign gold pieces in circulation at that time the Government in 1912 passed a law fixing the values at which such coins would be received or paid in all government or municipal, etc., transactions: U. S. A $20.00 Double Eagle Bolivares 104.00 Great Britain £1 Sovereign 25.25 Latin Union 20.00 (Napoleon or equivalent) 20.00 Germany Marks 20 Double Crown 24.75 Colombia Pesos 5 Columbia Pound 25.25 Peru £pl. Soles 10 25.25 NOTES: Notes are issued by: Banco de Venezuela Banco Caracas Banco de Maracaibo Banco Comercial de Maracaibo in denominations of Bolivares 5,000, 1,000, 500, 400, 100, 50, 20, 10 and 5. 42 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE ASIA AFGHANISTAN The greater part of the currency in circulation is that of British India ; Russian, Persian and British coins are also seen. The currency of ARABIA is notoriously confused, being largely influenced by political factors. Wherever Turkish Po- litical influence preponders over British the larger will be the use of Turkish currency and vice-versa. HEJAZ, Etc. Turkish coinage is mostly used here and in the Holy Cities Mecca, Medina, the ‘‘Pilgrim Ports,” and along the Pilgrim Road ; as a matter of fact, foreign money is prohibited in these places, but the interdiction is disregarded in all but government transactions. In both Hejaz and Jedda during the Pigrim season a large variety of foreign coins are current. Most of the Pilgrims on their way to Mecca arrive at the ports provided only with the money of their native lands; consequently during this period Indian, Japanese, Egyptian, Persian, East African and Dutch East Indian Coins, together with Shanghai and Mexican Dollars circulate pretty freely. Further confusion arises from a common use of “AC- COUNT” money in commercial transactions. These curren- cies are theoretical only — the coins are non-existent. ADEN. British and British Indian equivalents are in common use. In Aden proper and Steamer Point the Rupee is the standard, whereas in the Aden interior the one generally recognized is the Annas 4 piece, called a “BAULE.” MUSCAT. The Maria Theresa Dollar is the coin in most common use, but lately British Indian currency has been mak- ARABIA 28 devanis = 1 rezin 40 “ =1 bad piastre |=1 umba dollar. 43 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE in g great headway. The following theoretical “Money of ac- count” is in more or less common use : 20 gaz = 1 mohamadi III /2 mohamadi = 1 dollar HADHRAMAUT has a distinctive currency, the principal coins being the following: Karsh = silver coin roughly 1 dollar Okiyah = “ “ “ 15 cents Haraf = “ “ “ 8 cents Khamsie = copper coin worth less than 1 cent. The Maria Theresa Dollar and Turkish Medjedieh and Piastre, 5-Franc pieces, and also 10 Cents Dutch East Indies are found. GENERAL REMARKS. In the remote parts and the in- terior trade is generally carried on by barter. In the Oases dates are a common medium of exchange, and it is usually the custom to make part payment in silver, and the balance in dates and other commodities or articles. The Mohammedan religion forbids banking, but this prohibition is evaded in most Moslem countries. ASSAM See British India. BAHREIN ISLANDS (Persian Gulf) The currency in more general use is that of British India, viz.: — the Rupee of 16 Annas, but in common with other trade centers of the locality, the Maria Theresa Dollar holds a cer- tain sway. The natives are averse to accepting paper currency, and consequently Government of India notes are usually only taken by merchants who have to make remittances to India. BALUCHISTAN The greater part of the currency in circulation is that of British India. Persian Coins also circulate. BUNDER ABBAS See Bushire. 44 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE BURMAH See British India. BUSHIRE Currency same as that of Persia with the addition of British Indian Rupee notes and coins. CAMBODIA See French Indo-China. CEYLON Gold Exchange Standard. Unit: Indian Silver Rupee m s. Par Value, $0.48665. = 100 Cents. (Sterling Par Value, 24d. COINS: Copper Cents *4 and 1 Nickel “ 5 Silver “ 10, 25 and 50. NOTES: Notes are issued by the Commissioners of Cur- rency in denominations of Rupees 1,000, 100, 50, 10, 5, 2 and 1. CHINA The currency of China being so complex and the greater portion of the native exchange media being of no interest to the foreign merchant, it is only intended here to give an out- line of the more important means of exchange. “CASH.” This is a coin of brass or copper and is the com- mon currency of the lower classes. These coins are strung in rolls, usually of 100, of which 10 rolls go to the “TIAO” or “STRING” of 1,000 Cash. The coins are usually circular in shape and have a square hole in the centre; Money-changers charge for the trouble of stringing the coins and also for the cost of the string by deducting a certain number of Cash from each roll. This rate of discount is fixed locally so that the Tiao, which nominally consists of 1,000 Cash, may contain in one district 965 and in another 980 actual coins. 45 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE The number of actual coins in the Tiao also depends on the size and metal of the Cash in circulation which varies from Province to Province. These coins were introduced about the 12th Century B. C. and today it is not unusual to come across specimens which have been in circulation for nearly 1,000 years. “TAEL.” (Chinese “LIANG”). This is not a coin but a measure of weight of silver, and is sometimes called the Chinese Ounce. It represents the l/16th part of a pound (“Catty”) but as the Chinese pound varies in weight in differ- ent districts it will be seen that the Tael must, in consequence, also vary. As the purity of silver also varies with the lo- cality the enormous number of combinations and the impos- sibility of enumerating the various Taels will be readily ap- preciated. Generally speaking the Tael may be figured at IV 3 oz. Troy. Silver circulates in the form of ingots, called “SHOES” or “SYCEE” of different shapes and sizes up to 50 or 60 Taels in weight. This metal is usually either “fine sil- ver” (1,000 fine), “old silver” (995 fine), or “trade silver” (960 to 970 fine). The principal Taels are: — Value in U. S. Weight Grams Currency Amoy Canton Cheefoo Chinkiang Foochow Haikwan (Customs) Hankow Kiaochow Nankin Niuchwang Ningpo Peking Shanghai Swatow Takow Tientsin 36.887 36.775 35.279 36.033 34.120 37.532 34.512 35.744 36.501 34.591 35.464 35.960 33.693 34.073 37.120 35.744 $0.9019 .8992 .8626 .8810 .8343 .9177 .8439 .8740 .8925 .8458 .8671 .8793 .8238 .8331 .9076 .8740 4 G FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE The common subdivisions of the Tael are: — 1 Tael = 10 Mace 1 Mace = 10 Candereens 1 Candereen = 10 Cash. Taels may be divided into four distinct classes : 1. The Customs Tael 2. The Treasury Tael 3. The Local Tael 4. The Commodity Tael. The CUSTOMS or HAIKWAN Tael is a money of account only. Customs duties are actually paid in other currencies, figured on the bases of weights contained in the foregoing table. Exchange rates for Haikwan Taels in foreign currencies are settled each month by the Customs authorities and depend on the foreign Banks’ rate of exchange ruling at the time. The TREASURY or KUPING Tael is also a theoretical unit and is used in calculating all dues other than Customs duties. Recently the Republic has shown a tendency to adopt the “Dollar” (which will be referred to later) in preference to other currencies in payment of dues, so that it is possible this Tael will eventually fall into disuse. The LOCAL Tael. Details of the principal local Taels are given in the foregoing table. The COMMODITY Tael is a weight of silver varying ac- cording to the merchandise being bought or sold — the weight being greater or lesser according to the manner in which the scales are manipulated. “DOLLAR.” There are several varieties of Dollars in circulation among which are the following: MEXICAN DOLLAR STRAITS DOLLAR HONG-KONG DOLLAR SPANISH (Carolus) DOLLAR AMERICAN TRADE DOLLAR Various CHINESE TRADE DOLLARS. CHINESE DOLLARS. Years ago practically no restric- tion was imposed on the output of the various Chinese Mints, consequently different weights and fineness will be found in 47 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE each variety of these Dollars. Such coins seldom circulate out- side of the Province in which they were issued and are now being gradually withdrawn from circulation. The only Pro- vincial Dollar of this kind which is of interest is the PEIYANG Dollar which circulates chiefly in North China. A Dollar coin weighing 416 grains .900 fine was put into circulation soon after the formation of the Republic and was adopted by the Chinese Government as the money of account. This coin bears the stamp of the Republic and an effigy of Yuan Shih K’ai. As, however, these coins were not minted in one specified mint, and not always under expert supervision, there were numerous deviations from the theoretical standard. As a matter of fact recent analysis has shown that the Dollars minted in 1915 are .892 fine, those minted in 1918, 894.4 fine, and others only .891 and .889. It is reported that the Governor General of the Yun Nan Province, Tong Chai Yao, has issued 5 and 10 Dollar Gold coins without the consent of the Chinese Government. The coins bear a likeness of the Governor General and the value in Chinese characters. They are said to be in general use all over the Yun Nan Province. “SMALL COINS.” These consist principally of 20, 10 and 5 cent silver pieces, and 1 cent copper. “NOTES.” From time to time an enormous number of Bank and Military Notes have been issued but it is quite un- necessary — in fact impossible — to give details of the local is- sues which include the Provincial Bank Notes. Legislation has recently been introduced placing restric- tions upon the issue of Notes and at this time only Govern- ment Banks are supposed to be allowed this privilege. These restrictions do not apply to foreign Banks as they are not under Chinese jurisdiction, hence such Banks continue to issue their own Notes. The following Banks issue Notes in TAELS: Name of Bank Denominations Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 5 10 50 100 Commercial Bank of China 1 5 10 50 Hong-Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation 1 5 10 50 International Banking Corporation 5 10 100 48 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE The following Banks issue Notes in SHANGHAI DOLLARS: Name of Bank Denominations Asia Banking Corporation 1 5 10 20 100 Banque Beige pour l’Etranger 5 10 50 Bank of Canton, Ltd. 1 5 10 100 Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 1 5 10 50 100 Bank of China 1 5 10 Commercial Bank of China 5 10 50 Bank of Communications 1 5 10 100 Hong-Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation 1 5 10 50 100 Banque Industrielle de Chine 5 10 50 100 500 International Banking Corporation 1 5 10 50 Mercantile Bank, Ltd. 5 10 50 Netherlands Trading Society 5 10 Ningpo Commercial Bank, Ltd. 1 2 5 10 Russo-Asiatic Bank 5 10 50 100 Bank of Taiwan, Ltd. 5 10 Yokohama Specie Bank, Ltd. 1 5 10 50 100 It is understood that the Government of China has de- cided to establish a head mint at Shanghai, and has appointed a committee to make the necessary arrangements. It is pre- sumed the mint will be under the control of a Currency Com- mission. COCOS-KEELING ISLANDS See Ceylon. COCHIN-CHINA See French Indo-China. COREA Currency same as Japan. NOTES: The Bank of Chosen issues notes in denomina- tions of Yen 100, 10, 5 and 1. Japanese Treasury Notes for Sen 50, 20 and 10 also circulate. Bank of Chosen notes are legal tender to any amount. FEDERATED MALAY STATES See Straits Settlements. 49 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE HENJAM (Kishm Island) Currency same as that of British India with the addition of Persian coins. Its proximity to Muscat accounts for a certain amount of Maria Theresa Dollars in circulation. HONG KONG Unit: 1 Dollar = 100 Cents. U. S. Par Value, $0.4658 Silver Coins $1.00, 50, 20, 10 and 5 Cents. Brass Coins 1 Cent and “Cash” (the latter nominally 10 = 1 Cent). The “Cash” although a foreign coin — being minted in China — is unofficially incorporated in the circulating medium of Hong Kong. The circulation of all other foreign coins is prohibited but they may be exchanged with the money changers. The following three Banks issue notes: The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation The Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China The Mercantile Bank of India, Ltd. in denominations of $500, 100, 50, 25, 10, 5 and 1. INDIA (BRITISH) Gold Exchange Standard. fU. S. Par Value, $0.48665. Unit: Rupee = 16 Annas, "[sterling Par Value, 24d. 3 Pies = 1 Pice 4 Pice = 1 Anna 16 Annas = 1 Rupee 10 Rupees = £1 Sterling 100,000 “ =1 Lakh (written Rs. 1,00,000) 100 Lakhs = 1 Crore. COINS: Copper Pie 1, Pice V 2 and 1, and Anna V 2 Nickel Annas 1, 2, 4 and 8 Silver “ 2, 4, 8 and Rupee 1. NOTES: Notes are issued by the Government of India through its Currency Offices at Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, 50 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Karachi, Lahore, Cawnpore and Rangoon (Burmah), in de- nominations of Rupees 10,000, 1,000 and 500, which are ex- changable at par at places of issue, but at a discount of Annas 4% at other points, and denominations of Rupees 100, 50, 10, 5, 5 y 2 and 1, which are accepted all over India and Burmah at par. There are no notes issued other than those of the Gov- ernment. Booklets containing 25 Notes for Rupee 1 each have re- cently been issued. It is said these have proved to be very popular. The following gold coins although minted have never been in free circulation and have only been dealt in as a commodity. Double Mohur old value Rupees 30; new standard Rupees 20 Mohur “ “ “ 15; “ “ “ 10 % Mohur “ “ “ 10; “ “ “ 6 a.10 p.8 Vs Mohur “ “ “ 5; “ “ “ 3 a. 5 p.4 Previous to 1914 practically the only gold coin in circula- tion was the British Sovereign, but gold today is seldom seen. INDIA (FRENCH) The only legal tender in the French Settlements of India is the note issue of the Banque de lTndo-Chine. These notes are in denominations of Rupees 50, 10 and 1. Actually the coins and notes of British India are in free circulation and are practically current. For trade purposes the natives divide the Rupee into 8 FANONS of 24 CACHES each. INDIA (PORTUGUESE) Unit: Portuguese Silver Rupee (or Rupia) similar to the British Indian Rupee. COINS: Copper 1/12 Tanga = 1 Real n Vs a = iy 2 Reis u % u = 3 a a % a = 6 a Silver Vs Rupee (or Rupia) = 2 Tang a % a = 4 ii a l/ 2 a = 8 a a 1 a = 16 a 51 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE NOTES are issued by the Banco Nacional Ultramarino for Rupees 50, 20, 10 and 5, convertible into silver at par at any of the Bank’s branches in the Colony. The Portuguese Rupee is the only legal currency, but actually British Indian Notes and coins circulate very largely. In the Export Trade the £1 Sterling is generally used for quotations, etc. INDO CHINA (FRENCH) Unit: Piastre = 100 Cents = 500 Sapeques. COINS: Bronze Sapeque 1, Cent 1 Silver Piastre 1/10, %, % and 1* NOTES: Notes are issued by La Banque de l’lndo Chine in denominations of Piastres 100, 50, 25, 10, 5, 1 and also for Francs 1,000, 500, 100, 50, 20, 10 and 5. Francs 5 are reckoned as equivalent to Piastre 1. JAPAN Gold Standard. Unit: Yen = 100 Sen JU. S. Par Value, $0.49846. = 1,000 Rin. ^Sterling Par Value, 24.5819d. COINS: Copper Rin 5, Sen 1 Nickel Sen 5 and 10 Silver Sen 20 and 50 Gold Yen 5, 10 and 20 N. B. — The 50 Sen silver coins has not yet been issued. In addition to the above the following coins are still in circulation, but are gradually being withdrawn. Issued in accordance with the Coinage Regulation of 1871 : Copper Sen 1/2 > 1 and 2 Nickel Sen 5 Silver Sen 5, 10, 20 and 50 Gold Yen 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 Issued in accordance with the Coinage Law of 1897 pre- vious to its amendment in 1920: Copper Rin 5, Sen 1 Nickel Sen 5 Silver Sen 10, 20 and 50 52 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Minted prior to the restoration : Bronze Rin 2, 1% and 1. NOTES: Notes are issued by the Bank of Japan in de- nominations of Yen 100, 20, 10, 5 and 1. Government Fractional Notes (in accordance with the Imperial Ordinance No. CC11, of October 30, 1917) were issued in denominations of Sen 50, 20 and 10. Gold Coin is legal tender up to any amount. Silver “ “ “ “ “ “ Yen 10 Nickel “ “ “ “ “ “ “ 5 Copper “ “ “ “ “ “ “ 1. LACCADIVE ISLANDS See British India. MALABAR COAST See British India. MALDIVE ISLANDS See British India. MANCHURIA In common with China as a whole Manchuria has no standard currency, each province having its own particular variety. The principal monies in circulation are: METALLIC CURRENCY: Cash (Chinese Chichien.) Copper Coins (Tungyuan) Silver Dollar (Yangchien or Yinyuan) Sycee (Yinting) Japanese Yen and subsidiary coins Hong-Kong Dollar Mexican Dollar Russian Coins. 53 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE NOTES: Government Notes (Kuantieh) Copper Coin Notes (Tungyuanpiao) Silver Dollar Notes (Yangchienpiao) Russian Rouble Notes (Chiangtieh or Etieh) Bank Notes (Yinpiao) issued by The Yokohama Specie Bank, The Bank of Chosen, and The Bank of Japan. MESOPOTAMIA Previous to Turkey's entrance into the war in 1914 the currency of this portion of Turkey-in-Asia was principally that of Turkey proper, but British Gold circulated freely. In ad- dition, Persian money circulated to some extent as well as various coins brought into the country by local traders. The Hamburg-American Line steamers, which used to call at Bas- rah, were mainly responsible for the circulation of a certain number of gold Marks. Since the British occupation gold has entirely disappeared from circulation and in the area roughly bound by Basrah, Nasiriyeh, Baghdad, Kut-el-Amarah, and Amarah, practically the whole of the money in circulation comprises the notes and coins of British India; in fact, the Rupee is in circulation as far north as Tekrit and even Mosul. NEGRI SEMBILAN F. M. S. See Straits Settlements. NICOBAR ISLANDS See British India. PAHANG F. M. S. See Straits Settlements. PERAK F. M. S. See Straits Settlements. PERIM See Aden. 54 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE PERSIA Silver Standard. Unit : Kran = 20 Shahi rU. S. •{u.s. U. S. Par Value, $0.0799 (Silver) Par Value, $1.7193 (Gold) 2 Pul = 1 Shahi = 50 Dinars 4 Shahis = 1 Abbassi 5 “ = 10 Pul = % Kran 20 “ = 1 Kran = 1,000 Dinars 1 Dohezari = Vs Toman 1 Penzhezari = % “ 10 Krans = 1 “ = 10,000 a COINS: Nickel Shahis 1 and 2 Silver “ 3, 5 and 10, Krans 1, 2 and 5 Gold Tomans 1/5, i/ 2 , 1 and 2. NOTES: Notes are issued by the Imperial Bank of Persia in denominations of Tomans 1,000, 500, 100, 50, 25, 20, 10, 5, 3, 2 and 1. Like many of its neighbors Persia has an imaginary cur- rency in which accounts are kept. The unit of this “money of account” is an imaginary coin termed “Dinar” equal to 1/10,000 part of a Toman of 10 Krans. Gold coins are not in circulation as most of those already issued are hoarded, and none of the higher values have been minted for some years. Owing to the old silver coins having been minted in vari- ous provinces and not under the direct control of the govern- ment the weights are found to be very irregular. Although bronze coins were demonetized in 1900 and have no lawful currency they continue in general use. The nickel coins do not find ready acceptance in some provinces. British Indian Rupee Notes and coins will be found in cir- culation in Mohammerah, Abadan (the end of the Anglo-Per- sian Oil Company's Line from Tembi-Ahwaz) and the ports of Bushire and Bunder Abbas. Some British Indian Currency is also in circulation in the northwest around Kermanshah and Hamadan. PONDICHERY See French India. 55 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE SELANGOR F. M. S. See Straits Settlements. SIAM Gold Exchange Standard. Unit: Silver Tical = 4 Salung = 100 Satung. t U. S. Par Value, $0.3709. Sterling Par Value, 13 Ticals = £1 or 1/6 V 2 per Tical. COINS: Bronze Satung 1 = 1/100 Tical Nickel “ 5= 1/20 “ “ “ 10 = 1/10 “ Silver Salung 1 = % “ “ “ 2 = % “ “ Tical 1 = 4 Salung Gold “ 10 (not yet issued). NOTES: The Government issues notes for Ticals 1,000, 100, 20, 10, 5 and 1. The Tical is legal tender to any amount, subsidiary silver coins up to 5 Ticals, and nickel and bronze coins to the value of 1 Tical. The fineness of the subsidiary silver coins has been altered from time to time; in 1919 the fineness was reduced to .650, in January 1920 it was reduced from .650 to .500, and in August 1920 was restored to .650. STRAITS SETTLEMENTS Unit: Dollar = 100 Cents- U. S. Par Value, $0.5678. COINS: Copper Cents % and 1 Nickel “ 5 Silver “ 5, 10, 20, 50 and $1. NOTES: Notes are issued by the Currency Commissioners on behalf of the Straits Settlements Government in denomina- tions of $1,000, 100, 50, 10, 5 and 1, and 10 Cents. Of the old notes issued by the Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China, and the Hong-Kong & Shanghai Bank- ing Corporation S. S. $250,185 is outstanding. This balance is covered by securities lodged in London with the Crown 56 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Agent for the Colonies, these banks at the request of the Gov- ernment having relinquished their note-issuing rights. The new 1 Cent coin is of a square pattern. The 20, 10 and 5 Cents silver coins are pieces of an old issue still in cir- culation, but are no longer re-issued. At the time of writing there is very little silver in circulation. The fineness of S. S. Dollars and Half Dollars was re- duced from .600 to .550 by a Decree of October 29th, 1919. Central Asia BOKHARA 1 Tila = 44 Tangas = Rouble 6.60 1 Tanga = Kopeks 15 1 Yakmire = 8 Faloussisorkha = “ 4 1 Faloussisorkha = Kopek y 2 . Indian, Russian and Persian coins circulate in addition to the above-mentioned. KHIVA Indian, Russian and Persian currencies circulate. Khiva has some old coins of its own, viz., the Tila, a gold coin worth about 5 Russian Silver Roubles, and the Tenga, a small silver coin. Asia Minor ARMENIA (Republic of) At the present time the limits of this country have not been defined and information relative to conditions generally is very vague. Currency of all sorts is in circulation, principally all kinds of Roubles, Francs and Krans. The Government of the Re- public has issued notes for Roubles 250, 100 and 50. 57 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE AZERBAIJAN See Georgia. GEORGIA (Republic of) TRANSCAUCASIA and AZERBAIJAN There are in circulation in these countries besides Turkish, Persian and French currency the following six varieties of Roubles : 1. IMPERIAL Roubles which have been hoarded and are only in circulation to a limited extent. 2. KERENSKY Roubles which are being forced out of circulation on account of local decrees. 3. DON Roubles circulating only in Batoum. 4. TRANSCAUCASIAN Roubles which are issued by these States are in circulation in all three countries, but are beginning to disappear. # 5. GEORGIA Roubles current only in Georgia. 6. AZERBAIJAN Roubles current only in Azerbaijan. Rouble Equivalents 100. Imperial = 250 Transcaucasian 1000. Kerensky = 750 “ 1000. Don = 350 105.25 Georgia =: 100 “ 105.25 Azerbaijan = 100 “ SYRIA Unit: Syrian Pound = 100 Piastres = 2,000 Centimes. Previous to the occupation of Beirut by the French, al- though the country was a dependency of Turkey, Turkish coins (with the exception of gold) did not circulate to any extent, French Francs and English Gold being more accept- able. Since 1918 notes have been issued by the Bank of Syria in denominations of Pounds 100, 50, 25, 10, 5 and 1, and 58 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Piastres 50, 25, 20, 10, 5, 2 and 1, which are payable at sight either in Syrian Piastres or by check or equivalent on Paris at the rate of 20 Centimes per Piastre. It is understood that the price of the new Syrian paper money has been fixed by a financial committee of the Imperial Ottoman Bank and the Bank of Syria as follows: 100.00 Syrian Piastres will equal 61 Turkish gold Piastres. 275.90 44 44 44 “ £E1 or 100 Egyptian Piastres. TRANSCAUCASIA See Georgia. FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE AUSTRALASIA AND OCEANIA AUSTRALIA Currency same equivalents as Great Britain, but the coins are of a special design. British coins also circulate. The Government has recently decided to make all Aus- tralian coinage in the country instead of the bronze coins being minted in London and Calcutta as formerly. It is sug- gested that the proposed new coins will bear on the reverse a reproduction of the Kookaburra (a distinctive Australian bird) but at the time of writing it is not known whether this design has received official approval. It is understood that shortly there will be a new issue of nickel Id. and V 2 CL coins. NOTES: The Government of the Commonwealth issues notes for £1,000, 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 1 and 10/ — . The following are the principal Banks which issued notes : The Australian Bank of Commerce The Bank of New South Wales, Ltd. The Bank of Victoria, Ltd. The Bank of Australasia, Ltd. The Colonial Bank of Australasia The Commercial Bank of Australia, Ltd. The National Bank of Australia The Queensland Bank, Ltd. The Union Bank of Australia, Ltd. Issues in denominations of £100, 50, 20, 10, 5 and 1. All Bank Notes are being withdrawn as presented, and will not be re-issued. GO FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE BRITISH NORTH BORNEO Currency based on the Straits Settlements Dollar. COINS: Copper Cent i/2 and 1 Nickel Cents 1, 2*/2 and 5. Straits Settlements silver is current at par. NOTES: Notes are issued by the Local Government in denominations of $25, 10, 5, 1 and Cents 50 and 25. Straits Settlements Notes are current at par in this Colony. British North Borneo currency is at a discount in the Straits Settlements. DUTCH BORNEO See Dutch East Indies. CHATHAM ISLAND See New Zealand. COOK ISLANDS Currency same as that of Great Britain. DUTCH EAST INDIES Equivalents same as Netherlands. COINS: Copper Cents 1 and 2*4 Nickel “ 5 Silver “ 10, 25, 50, Guilders 1 and 2% Gold Guilders 5 and 10. NOTES: The Javasche Bank issues notes for Guilders 1,000, 500, 300, 200, 100, 60, 50, 40, 30, 25, 20, 10 and 5. ELLICE ISLANDS Currency same as that of Great Britain. 61 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE FIJI Currrency same as Great Britain. NOTES issued by the Bank of New South Wales and the Bank of New Zealand are in circulation, but are not legal tender. Government Notes of £1, 10/ — and 5/ — have been issued and are in general use. GUAM Currency same as that of United States. HAWAII Same Currency as United States. The old coinage has only bullion value. HONOLULU See Hawaii. JAVA See Dutch East Indies. LABUAN Currency same as that of Hong Kong. The Dollar is legal tender to any amount, and subsidiary coins in payment of sums not exceeding $2. NEW HEBRIDES Both French and British coins and notes are in circula- tion but French Currency predominates. There are no Banks. NEW ZEALAND Currency same as Great Britain and British Sterling coins are the only legal metallic currency. There is no mint in New Zealand; silver and bronze coins 62 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE are imported from Great Britain and gold coins from Aus- tralia. NOTES: Notes are issued by the Banks as follows: Bank of New Zealand Union Bank of Australia, Ltd. Bank of New South Wales Bank of Australasia National Bank of New Zealand, Ltd. Commercial Bank of Australia, Ltd. 10/—, £1, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 10/—, £1, 5, 10, 20, and 50 10/—, £1, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 10/—, £1, 5, 10, and 50 10/—, £1, 5, 10, 20, and 50 10/—, £1, 5, 10, 50, and 100 In August, 1914, these Bank Notes were made legal ten- der in New Zealand and under present legislation will remain so until December 31, 1922. PENRHYN ISLAND See New Zealand. PHILIPPINE ISLANDS fU. S. Par Value, $0.50. Unit: Peso=100 Centavos. j sterling Par Va lue, 24.658d. COINS: Bronze Centavos V 2 and 1 Nickel “ 5 Silver “ 10, 20, 50 and Peso 1. NOTES: The Government of the Philippine Islands issued notes in denominations of Pesos 1,000, 500, 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2 and 1 ; these notes are being recalled. The Philippine National Bank issues notes in denomina- tions of Pesos 1,000, 500, 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2 and 1, and Cen- tavos 50, 20 and 10. United States gold coins are legal tender at the rate of $1.00 for Pesos 2. The silver Peso is legal tender for any amount; subsidiary silver coins to an amount of Pesos 10, and nickel and bronze to an amount not exceeding Peso 1. SAMOA Currency same equivalents as Great Britain. NOTES: At present notes issued by the Bank of New Zealand overprinted “Government of Samoa Currency Note” 63 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE are current in denominations of £5, 1 and 10/ — . These notes, however, will soon be recalled and be substituted by Samoa Currency Notes which are now in course of being printed. It is anticipated that the change will be made during the end of this present year, 1921. Previous to the outbreak of the War in 1914 German Notes and coinage were in use. SARAWAK See British North Borneo. SOLOMON ISLANDS Currency same as that of Great Britain. SUMATRA See Dutch East Indies. TASMANIA See Australia. TIMOR The currency of this Portuguese Colony is the Mexican Silver Dollar and Hong Kong Dollar equivalents. NOTES are issued by the Banco Nacional Ultramarino in denominations of Mexican $1, 5, 10 and 20 which are con- vertible into other currencies at the parity of the Hong Kong Dollar. 64 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE EUROPE ALAND ISLANDS Currency same as Finland. ALBANIA See Jugoslavia. The old Turkish Currency circulated in Albania up to August 1914, and as in Turkey, the value of the piastre varied according to the locality. Gold Coins were at a high premium. ALSACE-LORRAINE Currency same as that of France with the addition of sundry Municipal issues of Notes in denominations of Franks 2 and 1. AUSTRIA (German) Gold Standard. fU. S. Par Value, $0.2026. Unit: Krone = 100 Hellers, | sterling Par Value, 9 . 9927 d. COINS: Iron Hellers 1, 2, 10 and 20 Bronze “ 1 and 2 Nickel “ 10 and 20 Silver Krone 1, Kronen 2 and 5 Gold Kronen 10, 20 and 100. NOTES: Notes are issued by the Oesterreichisch-Ungar- ische Bank in denominations of Kr. 1, 2, 10, 20, 50, 100, 1000 and 10,000. The Financial Bureau of the Government of the Republic legalized these notes by stamping the word “Deutschoester- reich” vertically across the face. All notes with horizontal stamp have been recalled. Although these notes are at the time of writing the only paper legal tender in Austria, there is 65 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE a great number of unstamped notes still in circulation. The stamped notes are termed “Deutschoesterreichische Kronen” (or German- Austrian Kronen). The unstamped notes are usually figured at a discount of about 30% from the price of the stamped notes. At this time there is practically no metallic currency in circulation. BELGIUM Gold Standard. Unit: Franc = 100 Centimes. U. S. Par Value, $0.19295. Stg. Par Value, 9.5157d. COINS: Copper Centimes 1 and 2 Nickel “ 5 (Sou), 10 and 25 Silver “ 50, Francs 1, 2 and 5 Gold Francs 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100. All non-perforated nickel coins are demonetized. NOTES: Notes are issued by the National Bank of Bel- gium in denominations of Francs 500, 100, 50, 20, 5, 2 and 1, and by the Societe Generale de Belgique in denominations of Francs 1,000, 100, 20, 5, 2 and 1. BESSARABIA Currency same as Russia. BOHEMIA See Czecho Slovakia. See Jugoslavia. BOSNIA BUKOWINA See Roumania. 66 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE BULGARIA Gold Standard. Unit: Lev = 100 Stotinki COINS: Copper Stotinka 1, Stotinki 2 Nickel Stotinki 5, 10 and 20 Silver “ 50, Lev 1, Leva 2 and 5 Gold Leva 10, 20 and 100. Before 1914 a considerable quantity of French coins was in circulation, but today there is practically no metallic cur- rency in circulation. NOTES: Notes are issued by the Bank of Bulgaria in denominations of Leva 1,000, 500, 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2 and 1. CARNIOLA See Jugoslavia. CHANNEL ISLANDS U. S. Par Value, $0.19295. Stg. Par Value, 9.5157d. Guernsey Currency same as Great Britain, but with the addition of the following copper coins: Doubles 1, 2, 4 and 8 Eight Doubles are roughly equivalent to Id. French currency circulates to some extent. NOTES: Notes for £1 are issued by: The Guernsey Commercial Banking Co., Ltd., and The Guernsey Banking Co., Ltd. The State of Guernsey also issues notes in denomina- tions of £1, 10/ — and 5/ — . The Guernsey £1 note is at a discount in Great Britain. Jersey Currency same as Great Britain, but the island has its own special Id. and y%d. coins of bronze. NOTES: British Treasury and Bank of England Notes are in circulation. 67 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE CRETE Currency same as Greece. CROATIA See Jugoslavia. CYPRUS Unit: Piastre (C.P.) = 40 Paras — l^d., or Piastres 180 = £1 Sterling. COINS: Copper Piastre *4 “ “ V2 “ “ 1 = 40 Paras Silver “ 3 = 4d. “ “ 41/2 = 6d. “ “ 9 = 1/—. “ “ 18 = 2/—. Gold £1 Sterling (Sovereign). Copper is legal tender up to 27 piastres or 3/ — ; silver is legal tender up to 540 paras or £3, and Sovereigns to any amount. The Half-sovereign (10/ — ) is not legal tender. NOTES: The Local Government issues notes for £10, 5, 1, 10/ — , 5/ — , 2/ — , 1/ — . No banks in Cyprus issue notes. Both British Treasury Notes and Bank of England Notes are in circulation, but they are not legal tender, only Cyprus Government Notes having this distinction. CZECHOSLOVAKIA Unit: 1 Kronen fU. S. Par Value, $0.20263. 100 Fillers or Hellers. [Sterling Par Value, 9.9927d- COINS: Bronze Hellers 1 and 2 Iron “ 1, 2, 10 and 20 Nickel “ 10 and 20 Silver Kronen 1, 2 and 5. 68 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE NOTES: Notes are issued by the Banking Office of the Ministry of Finance at Prague in denominations of Kronen 10,000, 5,000, 1,000, 500, 100, 50, 20, 10, 5 and 1. The present Czechoslovak currency developed from the former Austro-Hungarian currency. In February 1919, after the overthrow of the Austro-Hungarian regime, the Czecho- slovak Government stamped all the Austro-Hungarian Bank Notes then circulating in the territory, afterwards exchang- ing these stamped Bank Notes for the new States Notes. The old Kr. 100 notes (printed blue) and the Kr. 5,000 notes (printed red — square form) have been recalled and will be exchanged at the Banking Office of the Ministry of Finance at Prague; the former until February 28, 1923, and the latter until April 15, 1923. The new monetary laws of Czecho-Slovakia provide that so soon as the financial condition of the Republic is stabilized a National Bank shall be established to which the State will cede the right to issue Bank Notes. It is not the intention of the Government to grant this right to any private bank. DANZIG (Free State of) Currency same as Germany. DENMARK Gold Standard. Unit: Krone = 100 ore- COINS: U. S. Par Value, $0.26799. Stg. Par Value Kr. 18.159=£1. Iron Ore 1, ore 2 and 5 Bronze “ 1, “ 2 and 5 Nickel ore 10 and 25 Silver “ 10 and 25, Krone 1 and Kroner 2 Gold Kroner 10 and 20. Iron, bronze and nickel coins are legal tender to the amount of 1 Krone. NOTES: The Nationalbanken I Kj0benhavn is the sole note-issuing Bank in the country. It issues notes in denomi- nations of Kr. 500, 100, 50, 10, 5 and 1. 69 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE ESTHONIA The unit of this new Republic is the Mark which was originally identical with the German paper mark. FINLAND Gold Standard. Unit: Markka = JU. S. Par Value, $0.19295. 100 Pennia. ^Sterling Par Value, 9.5157d. COINS: Copper Penni 1, Pennia 5 and 10 Silver Pennia 25 and 50, Markka 1 and Markkaa 2. Gold Markkaa 10 and 20. NOTES: Since 1886 the Finlands Bank has had the sole privilege of issuing notes. They are issued in denominations of Markkaa 1,000, 500, 100, 50, 10, 5 and 1, and Pennia 50 and 25. The notes for Markka 1 and Pennia 50 and 25 were in- troduced as a temporary war-time measure only. As soon as the new nickel coins provided for by an Amendment, dated December 23rd, 1920, to the Currency Law are put into cir- culation these notes will be withdrawn. It is anticipated that the new nickel currency will be issued during the course of this year, 1921. FRANCE Gold Standard. Unit: Franc = 100 centimes ■{ U. S. Par Value, $0.19295. Sterling Par Value, 9.5157d COINS: Copper Centimes 1, 2, 5 (Sou) and 10. Nickel “ 5, 10 and 25 Silver “ 50, Francs 1, 2 and 5. Gold Francs 5, 10, 20 (Napoleon or Louis d’or), 40, 50 and 100. Since 1914 in addition to the coins detailed above, a num- ber of the Chambers of Commerce of the large cities and towns of France coined aluminum pieces for 5 and 10 centimes 70 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE which were intended to be used as a war-time measure only. The Chamber of Commerce of Marseilles issued the first coins ever minted from aluminum. The following silver coins were demonetized on the 27th of June 1897, and are now only accepted at their bullion values: Francs 2, 1, .50, .25 and .20 bearing the effigies of Napoleon I., Louis XVIII., Charles X., Louis-Phillipe I., and Napoleon III., and coins of like values of the Republic of 1848. NOTES: The Bank of France issues notes in denomina- tions of Francs 1,000, 500, 100, 50, 20, 10 and 5. All Bank of France Notes are legal tender throughout the country. Since 1914 in order to cope with the shortage of coins the Chambers of Commerce of provincial towns issued notes for Francs 2, 1 and 50 Centimes, but the acceptability of such notes is limited to the towns and immediate surroundings where they have been issued; these issues are so numerous that it is almost impossible to give a complete list of them. See Poland. GALICIA Gold Standard. GERMANY Unit: Mark = 100 COINS: Pfennige.| U. S. Par Value, $0.2382. Stg. Par Value, 11.7477d. Bronze Aluminum Iron Nickel Zinc Silver Gold Pfennige 1 and 2 “ 1 and 50 “ 5 and 10 “ 5, 10 and 25 “ 10 “ 50, Marks 1, 2, 3 and 5 Marks 10 and 20. NOTES: Notes are issued by: 1. The Reichsbank in denominations of Marks 1,000, 100, 50, 20 and 10. 2. The Administration for the National Debt Darlehens- kassenscheine in denominations of Marks 50, 20, 5, and 1. 71 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE 3. The Government of the Republic — Reichskassen- scheine in denominations of Marks 10 and 5. The 50-Mark Reichsbank Notes issued October 20, 1918, and November 30, 1918, have been recalled. To minimize the inconvenience caused by lack of small coin a number of the larger cities and municipalities issued small notes for Pfennige 50, 10 and 5. These are considered to be a temporary measure only and will be absorbed as and when convenient by the authorities. The following private banks also issue notes, which, how- ever, are not legal tender: Bayerische-Noten-Bank in denominations of Marks 100 Badische Bank “ “ “ “ 100 Sachsische Bank “ “ “ “ 500 and 100 Wurtembergische-Noten-Bank “ “ “ “ 100 An attempt has recently been made to promote the use of porcelain coins, but this material has not proved satisfac- tory. Such specimens which came under our observation were terra-cotta in color, and had a ring edge; they were broken with comparative ease, and would appear to be easily counter- feited. GIBRALTAR Currency same as Great Britain. Notes are issued by the Local Government for £5, £1 and 10/ — . Sterling alone is legal tender, but actually there is a large amount of Spanish currency circulating. GREAT BRITAIN and IRELAND (United Kingdom of) Gold Standard. Unit: £1 Stg.=20 Shillings=240 Pence. U. S. ParValue, $4.8665 COINS: Bronze y 4 d., l / 2 d. and Id. Silver 3d., 6d., 1/ — , 2/ — , 2/6 and 5/ — Gold 10/ — , £1, 2 and 5. Under the Coinage Act, 1920, the fineness of British silver coins has been reduced from .925 to .500. 72 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE NOTES: Treasury Notes for £1 and 10/ — are issued by the Government and are legal tender throughout the United Kingdom. From time to time efforts have been made to convert the present system of coinage into a decimal system. The last proposal of importance included the following equivalents : £1 = 1000 mills 10/— = 500 “ 2 /— = 100 “ 1/— = 50 “ 6d. = 25 “ and smaller coins in proportion down to 1 mill. In August, 1918, a Royal Commission, which was appointed to settle the matter, reported adversely on the proposal and there is no indication at the present time that any further attempt will be made in the near future to revert to this question. ENGLAND and WALES NOTES: Notes are issued by the Bank of England in de- nominations of £2,000, 1,000, 500, 200, 100, 50, 20, 10 and 5. The last of the note-issuing Banks having been absorbed by amalgamation, the Bank of England is the only institution which will in future issue notes. There is still a large number of other English Bank Notes outstanding, but as these are redeemed they will not be reissued. Bank of England Notes are legal tender for any amount. ISLE OF MAN Currency same as that of Great Britain. All the Banks in the Isle of Man are licensed annually (November 1st) by the Government to issue notes against ap- proved securities — such securities being vested in a Govern- ment holding corporation called The Government Property Trustees. Each Bank is required to furnish weekly to the Government Office a return of outstanding notes. The Isle of Man Banking Company, Ltd., issues notes in denominations of £5 and £1. The Lancashire and Yorkshire Bank, Lloyds Bank, Ltd., and London County Westminster & Parrs Bank, Ltd., each issue notes for £1 each. 73 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE SCOTLAND The following Banks are authorized by law to issue notes : Bank of Scotland Royal Bank of Scotland British Linen Bank Commercial Bank of Scotland, Ltd. National Bank of Scotland, Ltd. Union Bank of Scotland North of Scotland and Town and County Bank, Ltd. Clydesdale Bank, Ltd. Bank of England Notes are not legal tender in Scotland. Scotch Notes are at a discount in England. IRELAND The following Banks are authorized by law to issue notes : The Bank of Ireland Provincial Bank of Ireland, Ltd. Belfast Banking Company, Ltd. Northern Banking Company, Ltd. The Ulster Bank, Ltd. The National Bank, Ltd. in denominations of £100, 50, 20, 10, 5 and 1. Bank of England Notes are not legal tender in Ireland. Irish Notes are at discount in England. GREECE Gold Standard. Unit: Drachma = 100 Lepta. COINS: Bronze Lepton 1, Lepta 2, 5 and 10 Nickel Lepta 5, 10 and 20 Silver “ 50, Drachma 1, Drachmae 2 and 5 Gold Drachmae 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100. The 20 Lepta silver coin is demonetized. NOTES: Notes are issued by the National Bank of Greece in denominations of Drs. 1,000, 500, 100, 25, 10, 5, 2 and 1, and Lepta 50- The Ionian Bank and the Bank of Crete no longer issue notes — their privileges having expired. (U. S. Par Value, $0.19295. (Stg. Par Value, 9.5157d. 74 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE GREENLAND Currency same as that of Denmark with the addition of “Credit Notes” for ore 25, 50, Krone 1, and Kroner 5 issued by the Government (Styrelsen) for use only in Greenland. The so-called “Gr0nland Notes” are actually checks drawn by the Managers of the Gr0nlandske Handel and are payable at the Treasury in Copenhagen. This country is a reservation of Denmark and the whole of its trade is a monopoly of the Royal Greenland Board of Trade (Gr0nlandske Handel) which is responsible to the Dan- ish Government. Travellers are not allowed to visit the coun- try unless the special sanction of the Danish Government is obtained. HELIGOLAND See Germany. HERZEGOVINA See Jugoslavia. HUNGARY Gold Standard. Unit: Krone or Korona = fU. S. Par Value, $0.2026. 100 Fillers. \Sterling Par Value, 9.9927d. COINS: Copper Fillers 1 and 2 Nickel “ 10 and 20 Silver Kronen 1, 2 and 5 Gold “ 10, 20 and 100. NOTES: The only old notes which are legal tender are those issued by the Oesterreichisch-Ungarische Bank which are stamped with the word “MAGYARORSZAG.” These, how- ever, have recently been recalled and the Republic has made a new issue in denominations of 1, 2, 10, 20, 50, 100, 1,000 and 5,000 Kronen. As a matter of fact Oesterreichisch-Ungarische Bank Notes for Kronen 1 and 2, as well as the Hungarian Post 75 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Office Savings Bank Notes are current although they have not been stamped at the time of writing. A new monetary system is proposed for this country, and it is believed that the Ministry of Finance will shortly publish an edict establishing the new system. For the mo- ment, however, details of the expected issue are kept in strict secrecy. ICELAND Coinage and equivalents same as those of Denmark — no coins are minted in Iceland. NOTES: Notes are issued by the following banks: Islands Banki, Kr. 100, 50, 10 and 5 Landsbanki Islands, Kr. 50, 10, 5 and 1. IONIAN ISLANDS Currency same as Greece. Notes of the National Bank of Greece, and the Greek Government Notes for Drachmae 2 and 1, and Lepta 50 are legal tender. ITALY Gold Standard. Unit: Lira Italiana = fU. S. Par Value, $0.19295. 100 Centesimi. ISterling Par Value, 9.5157d. COINS: Copper Centesimo 1, Centesimi 2, 5 and 10 Nickel Centesimi 20 and 50 Silver “ 50, Lira 1, Lire 2 and 5 Gold Lire 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100. The coins of the Republic of San Marino, both silver and copper, are current. With certain reservations the gold and silver coins of the other countries belonging to the Latin Monetary Union, are legal currency in Italy. Gold is legal tender to any amount, silver coins to an amount not exceeding Lire 50, and minor coins up to Lire 5. 76 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE The Silver Dollars (Lire 5) of the old Italian States, coined in the early part of the last century — with the excep- tion of those put into circulation by the Papal States, the Bourbon States, the ex-Duchy of Lucca, and all provisional governments — are legally current. Silver coins in denomina- tions of Lira 1, Lire 2, and Centesimi 50 dated before 1863 are demonetized. NOTES: Bank Notes are issued by the: Banca dTtalia Banco di Napoli Banco di Sicilia, sole authorized banks in Italy, in denominations of Lire 1,000, 500, 100, 50 and 25. State Notes are also issued by the Italian Treasury in denominations of Lire 10, 5, 2 and 1. The Lira 1 and Lire 2 notes will shortly be recalled and nickel pieces for like amounts substituted. JUGOSLAVIA Unit: Dinar of 100 fo. g Par Value $ 0 .19295 = 1 Dinar of 400 Hellers. l Stg * Par Value > 9.5157d. = 1 Dinar. This country, properly designated the “KINGDOM OF THE SERBS, CROATS, and SLOVENES” at present has the dual currency Kronen and Dinara at a fixed ratio of value 4 Kronen = 1 Dinar. At present no gold, silver, or copper coins are in circu- lation, but nickel coins of 10 paras = 40 Hellers will shortly be issued. NOTES: Notes are issued by the Narodna Banka S.H.S. in denominations of Dinara 1,000 = Kronen 4,000 “ 100 = “ 400 “ 10 = “ 40 “ 5 = 20 “ 1 = “ 4 “ l/ 2 = “ 2. The Notes for Dinara 20 have been withdrawn on account of forgery. 77 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE A new currency is being contemplated, but there is no indication at present either of what the new unit will be or when it will be instituted. LATIN MONETARY UNION On November 20th, 1865, representatives of France, Italy, Belgium and Switzerland met in conference at Paris to de- termine a new system of uniform coinage. According to the terms of the Union Treaty, which was ratified by each govern- ment and became effective August 1st, 1866, the contracting States adopted a gold and silver coinage of the same fineness, weight and value. With some minor reservations the coins of each country pass current in the remainder. Greece in 1868 also became a member of the Union but from which, however, it has since ceded. The following countries have also adopted the system either wholly or partly without, how- ever, joining the Union: — Spain, Roumania, Servia, Finland, Bulgaria and Venezuela. Each country designates the Unit by its own particular name but the weights, fineness and par values are Gold as follows: Value in U. S. Denomination Weight Fineness Currency 100 Francs 32.2580 .900 $19.2948 50 16.1290 .900 9.6474 20 6.4516 .900 3.8589 10 3.2258 .900 1.9295 5 1.6129 Silver .900 .9647 5 Francs 25.0000 .900 $0.9647 2 10.0000 .835 .3859 1 Franc 5.0000 .835 .1930 50 Centimes 2.5000 .835 .0965 20 1.0000 Nickel .835 .0386 25 Centimes 5.0000 Pure Nickel $0.0482 10 4.0000 u tt .0193 5 3.0000 n tt .0096 78 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Bronze 10 Centimes 10.0000 r 95% Copper, I .0193 5 5.0000 4% tin, and > .0096 2 2.0000 ^ 1% zinc. J .0038 1 Centime 1.0000 .0019 On February 23, 1920, at a meeting of the repreentatives of the Union, France issued a decree that as from December 23, 1920, it would not consider the original convention valid and Swiss silver coins of Francs 2, 1 and Centimes 50 would cease to be legal tender in France. It would appear, therefore, that the clause in the original agreement providing for the free interchange of each party's silver coinage is now void. LATVIJA (Lettland) Unit: Lettish Rouble = 100 Lettish Kopeks. Paper money only is in circulation and coins have not yet been issued. Notes are issued by the Latvijan States Bank in denominations of Let. Rbls. 500, 100, 50, 25, 10, 5, 3, 1, Kopeks 50, 25, 10 and 5. The introduction of a Gold Currency is contemplated and the unit will most likely be called a “Lat” equal to the French Gold Franc. LIECHTENSTEIN (Principality of) Gold Standard. Unit: Krone = 100 Hellers. fU. S. Par Value, $0.20262. (Sterling Par Value, 9.9927d. COINS: Silver Kronen 1, 2 and 5 Gold “ 10 and 20. The currency of Liechtenstein is practically that of Aus- tria with the exception of the coins noted above. The Gold Standard was adopted by this principality by the Law of August 8, 1898. Under this same Act all coins of the Crown Standard coined in Austria and Hungary were made legal tender in Liechtenstein at their face values. Pieces coined in Liechtenstein, however, are not legal tender in Austria. 79 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE LITHUANIA (Republic of) The legal currency of this Republic is the Lithuanian Mark or Ostmark which was issued by Germany during the recent occupation. It is equal in value to the German mark for which it is easily exchanged ; it is guaranteed by Germany. In addition to the Ostmark, Roubles of all kinds (but prin- cipally Czar or Romanoff Issue) and all kinds of Polish Marks are to be found. As the Roubles and Polish Marks are very unstable and are not legal currency throughout the country they are gradually being forced out of circulation. It is reported that in the near future a new currency will be introduced with the MUSHTINI — equal to the French Franc — as the unit. LUXEMBOURG Unit: Franc=100 Centimes COINS: fU. S. Par Value, $0.19295. ISterling Par Value, 9.5157d. Bronze Centimes 2% Nickel “ 5, 10 and 25. The Franc, as the unit of this Grand Duchy, is a “trade” or “exchange” term only — no such coin is in existence. The coins of the Latin-Union are current at face value. NOTES: The State issues notes (“Bons de Caisse de l’Etat”) in denominations of Francs 500, 125, 50, 25, 10, 5, 2 and 1, but these notes will probably soon be withdrawn from circulation and replaced by Belgian Notes in accordance with an economic arrangement between this country and Belgium as per the proposals put forward at a conference in Brussels May 17th, 1921. MAJORCA Currency same as that of Spain. PAPER CURRENCY. A peculiarity of this Island is that the Bonds of certain Public Utility Companies, etc., pass cur- rent as often as Spanish Paper. The principal ones are: 80 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE DENOMINATIONS COMPANY Compania de los Ferrocarriles de Mallorca ISSUE July 1, 1880 July 1, 1885 July 1, 1896 Apl. 1, 1911 (Pesetas) 25, 50, 100, 250, 500 25, 50, 100, 250, 500 50, 100, 200 25, 50, 100, 250, 500 La Economica Sociedad de Alumbrado por Gas ►Oct. 1, 1909 25, 50, 100, 250, 500 Banco Agrario de Baleares July 1, 1913 Banco de Felanitx July 1, 1915 Banco de Soller July 1, 1915 El Gas S. A. Soller Apl. 1, 1893 25, 50 25, 50, 100, 250 25, 50, 100, 250 25, 50, 100 Actividad Industrial de Manacor [►Apl. 1, 1914 25, 50, 100, 250 Banco Agricola de Inca Apl. 1, 1913 25, 50 Propagadora Balear de Alumbrado Inca [►Feb. 1, 1902 25, 50, 100 Banco del Progresso 1 Agricola Campos del Puerto J [-July 1, 1918 25, 100. MALTA Currency same as Great Britain. British coin and Treasury Notes are current, and are legal tender. There is a small bronze coin, called TARI, value about Ve of a cent, issued locally, but this is of no practical value and is generally regarded as a curiosity. MONACO (Principality of) Currency same as France. MONTENEGRO See Jugoslavia. 81 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE NETHERLANDS Gold Standard. Unit: Florin or f U. S. Par Value, $0.40195. Guilder = 100 Cents. \Stg. Par Value, 19.8230d. COINS: Bronze Nickel Silver u Gold Cents y 2 , 1 and 2 l / 2 “ 5 (Stuiver) “ 10 (Dubbeltje) “ 25 (Kwartje) “ 50 Florins 1 (Guilder) “ 2 14 (Rijksdaaler) “ 5 and 10. New silver coins .800 Fine will shortly replace those at present .945 Fine. NOTES: Bank Notes are issued by the Nederlandsche Bank in denominations of Florins 1,000, 300, 200, 100, 60, 40, 25 and 10. Government Notes (Zilverbons) are issued in denomina- tions of Florins 2 y 2 and 1. NORWAY Gold Standard. Unit: Krone=100 ore. COINS: U. S. Par Value, $0.26799. Stg. Par Value, Kr. 18.159 = £1. Iron Bronze Nickel Silver Gold Ore 1, ore 2 and 5 “ 1, “ 2 and 5 Ore 10, 25 and 50 “ 10, 25 and 50, Krone 1 and Kroner 2 Kroner 10 and 20. NOTES: Notes are issued solely by the Norges Bank in denominations of Kroner 1,000, 500, 100, 50, 10, 5, 2 and 1. The last two denominations were issued in accordance with the law of December 14, 1917, on account of the shortage of silver. 82 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Previous to adopting the “Kroner” Currency, the cur- rency of Norway was called “Specie Daler.” The Specie Daler notes, which were issued in denominations of Spd. 100, 50, 10, 5, 1, l / 2 and have been recalled and are no longer valid. ORKNEY ISLANDS See Great Britain. POLAND Unit: Mark=100 „ . fU. S. Par Value, $0.23821 enigow. |g£ er ij, n g p ar y a i ue> n.7477d. This currency, which was introduced in 1915 by the Ger- man Authorities, is theoretically equal to the German Mark. It is proposed that a new currency with the old name of “ZLOTY POLSKI” be introduced, but nothing has as yet been decided as to when the change will occur. The new unit will be theoretically equal to the French Gold Franc. The rates at which the marks will be exchanged for the new currency, the amount of note issue, etc., will eventually be established by the Polish Diet. PORTUGAL Unit: Escudo=100 Centavos. r U. S. Par Value, $1.0805. \Stg. Par Value, 53.28d. COINS: Copper Centavos 1 and 2 Nickel “ 4 Silver “ 10, 20, 50, Escudo 1 Gold Escudos 2%, 5 and 10. N.B. — In addition to the above coins, which were minted under a decree of May 22, 1911, there are the following old pieces, viz.: — Copper Reis 5, 10 and 20, Nickel Reis 50 and 100, of the equivalents: 83 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Milreis 500 Reis 200 “ 100 “ 50 “ 40 “ 20 “ 10 “ 5 “ NOTES: Notes are issued by Banco de Portugal in de- nominations of Escudos 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2% and Centavos 50 and 10. All Notes issued for the Portuguese Colonies are at a discount of about 25%. 1 Escudo = 50 Centavos = 20 “ = 10 “ - 5 “ = 4 “ = 2 “ = 1 “ = % 41 - ROUMANIA Gold Standard. Unit: Leu = 100 Bani. COINS: /U. S. Par Value, $0.19295. ISterling Par Value, 9.5157d. Copper Banu 1 and Bani 2 Nickel Bani 5, 10 and 20 Silver “ 50, Leu 1, Lei 2 and 5 Gold Lei 10, 12%, 20, 25, 50 and 100. The old bronze coins of 5 and 10 Bani and all non-perfor- ated nickel coins are demonetized. The Lei 12%, 25, 50 and 100 gold coins are a “Jubilee Issue.” NOTES: La Banque Nationale de Roumaine issues notes for Lei 1,000, 500, 100, 20, 5, 2 and 1. During the German in- vasion of Valachia the German Government, with an author- ization granted by the Banque Generale Roumaine, issued notes for Lei 1,000, 100, 5, 2 and 1, to a total value exceed- ing Lei 2,000,000,000. Towards the end of 1918 the Rouman- ian Government had these notes stamped (with the exception of the small notes of Lei 1 and 2) for the purpose of with- drawing them from circulation at an early date. Notes are issued by the Roumanian Ministry of Finance for Bani 10, 25 and 50. 84 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Since 1914 the Roumanian Government has not minted any money in either gold, silver, nickel, or copper ; as a matter of fact there are very few coins in actual circulation. RUSSIA Gold Standard. Unit: Rouble COINS: 100 Kor)pk „ i U ‘ S ‘ Par Value > $0.5146. 1 IStg. Par Value, 25.3764d. Copper Kopeks %, */2> 1, 2 and 3 Silver “ 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 50. Rouble 1 Gold Roubles 5, 7^, 10 and 15 (Imperial). NOTES: Up to the fall of Nicholas II., notes were issued by the Imperial Bank of Russia in the following denomina- tions: Roubles 500, 100, 50, 25, 10, 5, 3 and 1. In 1917 the Government of the Republic under Kerensky issued notes for Roubles 1,000 and 250 in addition. Since the establishment of the Soviet Government the Bolsheviki have issued an enor- mous quantity of notes in various denominations. The issue first above mentioned is usually termed “The Romanoff Issue” and at the time of writing sells around .0015 whilst the Kerensky issue fetches about .0005. The Bolshevik notes are without value as exchange. It is exceedingly difficult to state precisely what conditions obtain in Russia at this time, but it is obvious that there can be practically no metallic currency in circulation there. It has been rumored lately that Nikolai Lenine has arrived at the conclusion that nothing except metal will induce the peasants to part with their produce and to that end the government mint in the Fortress of S.S. Peter and Paul, Petrograd, will shortly be re-started. It is understood that the machinery has been put in order and over 1,200 workmen will be employed coining silver Roubles and subsidiary coins. As, apparently, only Czar Nicholas II. moulds are available it is assumed the new coins will bear the effigy of the deceased monarch. SAN MARINO (Republic of) See Italy. 85 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE SCANDINAVIAN MONETARY UNION At a convention held in 1872, Sweden, Norway and Den- mark agreed to adopt a uniform currency, the unit being the “Krone” or “Crown” .900 Fine and weighing .44803 gr. At the present time the coins of each country pass current in the remaining two; silver, bronze and iron coins, however, only in small sums up to a total not exceeding Kroner 2 in one payment. SCILLY ISLANDS Currency same as Great Britain. SERVIA See Jugoslavia. SHETLAND ISLANDS Currency same as Great Britain. SICILY Currency same as Italy. SILESIA See Germany and Poland. SLAVONIA See Jugoslavia. SPAIN Gold Standard. Unit: Peseta = 100 Centimos. COINS: JU. S. Par Value, $0.19295. IStg. Par Value, 9.5157d. Copper Centimos 1, 2, 5 and 10 Silver “ 50, Pesetas 1, 2 and 5 Gold Pesetas 5, 10, 20, 25, 50 and 100. 86 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE All coins not included in the Currency Law of October 19th, 1868, are demonetized. There are still in existence, however, a number of old coins which should be accepted for their bullion value only. The principal ones are : 1 Doubloon or Onza = 80 Pesetas (about) a l / 2 Media Onza = 40 1/4 Cuartos de Onza = 20 «< % Vs de Onza = 10 n 1/16 1/16 de Onza = 5 a 100 Gold Reales (Isabelino) = 25 a 40 “ = 10 n 20 “ = 5 n NOTES: Notes are issued only by the Banco de Espana in denominations of Pesetas 1,000, 500, 100, 50 and 25. SPITZBERGEN This territory is claimed by four nations, viz.: Great Britain, Norway, Sweden and Russia, and the various trading companies use the currency of the country of which they claim nationality. There are no Banks. SWEDEN Gold Standard. Unit: Krona COINS: „ /U. S. Par Value, $0.26799. 1U0 ore. Par y alue; Kr 18 159 _ £1 Iron Ore 1, ore 2 and 5 Bronze a 1, “ 2 and 5 Nickel ore 10, 25 and 50. Silver it 10, 25 and 50, Krona 1 and Kronor 2 Gold Kronor 5, 10 and 20. NOTES: Since 1903 the Riksbank has been the sole Note- issuing Bank. Its issues are in denominations of Kr. 1,000, 100, 50, 10, 5 and 1. All Rigsdaler are demonetized. 87 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE SWITZERLAND Gold Standard. Unit: Franc=100 Centimes. { U. S. Par Value, $0.19295. Stg. Par Value, 9.5157d. COINS: Copper Centimes 1 and 2 Nickel “ 5, 10 and 20 Silver “ 50, Francs 1, 2 and 5 Gold Francs 10, 20, 50 and 100. NOTES: Notes are issued by the National Bank of Switzerland in denominations of Francs 1,000, 500, 100, 50, 20, 10 and 5, and by the Caisse de Prets (Darlehenskassen- scheine) for 25 Francs. TRANSYLVANIA See Roumania. TURKEY Gold Standard. Unit: Piastrer-40 Paras \ 0 , l Stg. Par Value Pias. 110.28: U. S. Par Value $0.04396 :£1 3 aspres or aspas =1 40 paras 1 Para 1 Piastre 1 Lira Turca or Turkish Pound = piastres Gold, or 108 piastres Silver. COINS: Nickel Paras 20, 10 and 5 “ Piastre 1 Silver Piastres 20 (Medjidieh d’argent), 10, 5, 2, 1 and i /2 Gold £T 5, 2i/ 2 , 1 (Medjidieh d’or), V 2 and %. NOTES: Before the war La Banque Imperiale Ottomane issued notes in denominations of £T 100, 50, 5 and 1. During the war the Government made seven successive note issues to a total face value of more than £T 150,000,000. These notes were covered by various guarantees (principally German Trea- sury Bonds) and the value of such paper is problematic. These issues are current at present. 88 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Denominations: £T 1,000, 500, 100, 50, 25, 10, 5, 2 1 / 2 , 1, Vs, 1/5, 1/20, 1/40, 1/100, 1/400 and 1/800. The following may be taken as rough equivalent values : £T Imperiale Ottoman Bank Note = £T 2.00 War Paper £T Silver = £T 2.90 “ £T Gold = £T 5.40 “ In addition to the above mentioned currencies there is a large number of old and debased coins in circulation, some of which are no longer of use as money. The latter, if of gold and silver, are used in barter. 89 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE TABLE SHOWING MONETARY UNIT, FINENESS AND INTRINSIC EQUIVALENTS IN UNITED STATES MONEY Gold Standard Value in Country Unit Fineness U. S. Money Australia Pound Sterling .916 2/3 $4.8665 Austria (German) Krone .900 .2026 Belgium Franc .900 .1930 Bolivia Boliviano .916 2/3 .3893 British Honduras Dollar .900 1.0000 Bulgaria Lev .900 .1930 Canada Dollar .900 1.0000 Chosen Yen .900 .4985 Colombia Peso .916 2/3 .9733 Costa Rica Colon .900 .4653 Cuba Dollar (Peso) .900 1.0000 Czecho-Slovakia Krone .900 .2026 Denmark Krone .900 .2680 Dominican Republic Dollar .900 1.0000 Ecuador Sucre .900 .4867 Egypt Pound Egyptian .875 4.9430 Finland Markka .900 .1930 France Franc .900 .1930 Germany Mark .900 .2382 Great Britain Pound Sterling .916 2/3 4.8665 Greece Drachma .900 .1930 Hawaii Dollar U. S. .900 1.0000 Holland (See Netherlands) Hungary Korona .900 .2026 Italy Lira .900 .1930 Japan Yen .900 .4985 Jugo-Slavia Korea (See Chosen) Dinar .900 .1930 Mexico Peso .900 .4985 Nicaragua Cordoba .900 1.0000 Netherlands Guilder or Florin .900 .4020 Newfoundland Dollar .916 2/3 1.0000 New Zealand Pound Sterling .916 2/3 4.8665 Norway Krone .900 .2680 Peru Pound Peruvian .916 2/3 4.8665 Porto Rico Dollar U. S. .900 1.0000 Portugal Escudo .900 1.0805 Roumania Leu .900 .1930 Russia Rouble .900 .5145 Salvador Colon .900 .5000 Spain Peseta .900 .1930 Sweden Krona .900 .2680 Switzerland Franc .900 .1930 Turkey United Kingdom (See Pound Turkish .916 2/3 4.3965 Great Britain) United States Dollar .900 1.0000 Uruguay Peso .917 1.0342 Venezuela Bolivar .900 .1930 oo FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Gold Exchange Standard Value in U. S. Country Unit Fineness Money Argentina Gold Peso .900 $0.9648 Gold Standa u Paper Peso .4245 (a) Brazil Gold Milreis .917 .5463 SPaper “ .3244 British East Africa Silver Rupee .916 2/3 .4866 Ceylon ti u .916 2/3 .4866 Chile Gold Peso .916 2/3 .3650 u Paper “ .1000 (about) (b) Eritrea Silver Thaler .800 .9647 Fed. Malay States Silver Dollar .900 .5678 India (British) Silver Rupee .916 2/3 .4866 “ (Portuguese) u u .916 2/3 .3782 Panama Gold Balboa .900 1.0000 Persia Toman .900 1.7193 (c) Philippine Is. Silver Peso .800 .5000' Siam Gold Tical .900 .3708 a Silver “ .900 .3708 Straits Settlements Silver Dollar .900 .5678 Zanzibar Silver Rupee .916 2/3 .4866 (a) Convertible at 44% of its face value. (b) Inconvertible. (c) See also “Persia” under Silver Standard Table. Silver Standard Value Value of in U. S. $1 U. S. Country Unit Fineness Money Money Abyssinia Talari .835 $0.4522 T. 2.2277 China Dollar (Yuan) .900 .4663 $ 2.1445 Hong Kong Dollar .900 .4680 2.1368 Honduras (Rep. of) Peso .900 .4340 2.3041 Indo-China Piastre .900 .4687 Pis. 2.1336 Morocco Rial .900 .4340 R. 2.3041 Persia (a) Kran .900 .0797 Kr. 12.5156 Values based on the average value of a fine ounce s of silver. , viz. — $0.60. (a) See also “Persia” under Gold Exchange Standard Table. Inconvertible Paper Former Value in Value of $1 Country Unit Basis Fineness U.S. Money U.S. Money Guatemala Peso Silver .900 about .025 about P40.00 Haiti Gourde Gold .900 .200 G5.00 Paraguay Peso Gold .900 .040 $25.00 91 92 Dominican Hop. " Fed. Malay States 1/100 S. S. 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U CD £ .>'goo OOO O O P +j G >. uiuimuiuiuiuiuim w -" O T3 I LHCO h O O fa (M oS O o o \© O 00 o t— I LO tO tH t—I 00 t— I C-l G P S“ o ^ Sp o 4-> a> .2 3 TO JH :s«» h| -s^^sg m « ^ G ^ G »-< HD - G G G >»:£2 T3 *h e (h s >'h i: g cv.G PJ WhS 6 p 4060 W o G w g IQ g o ' “ - “ G p £ G ^ p a rt ojy a>^3^;.SG3 o a> 3G EhEhEhEhEh^H^Eh>^>h>hN M • 1 -t ( 1 ) 5 i! C to '§Sg§||^^2S r *r! M a> oooooP-mG.-. 020202020202020202 o G 03 G g •C^rtSS^G 5 «fl «8 Go 4 )GG.SG 0 ^^^N 99 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Weight, Fineness, etc., of the GOLD Coins, actually issued or provided for by Law, of the principal Countries of the World. Country Denomination Weight (Grams) Fineness Value in U. S. Money Argentina Argentino 8.0645 .900 $ 4.8236 a Half Argentino 4.0322 .900 2.4118 Australia 5 Pounds J British 39.9403 .916 2/3 24.3325 << 2 Pounds^ Coinage 15.9761 .916 2/3 9.7330 << Sovereign 7.9881 .916 2/3 4.8665 a Half Sovereign 3.9940 .916 2/3 2.4332 Austria 100 Kronen 33.8753 .900 20.2622 a 20 Kronen 6.7750 .900 4.0524 a 10 Kronen 3.3375 .900 2.0262 a 4 Ducats 13.9636 .986 1/9 9.1513 a 1 Ducat 3.4909 .986 1/9 2.2882 Belgium 20 Francs 6.4516 .900 3.8589 ii 10 Francs 3.2258 .900 1.9295 Brazil 20 Milreis 17.9296 .917 10.9269 u 10 Milreis 8.9648 .917 5.4635 a 5 Milreis 4.4824 .917 2.7317 Brit. Honduras U.S. Double Eagle ($20) 33.4370 .900 20.0000 a a “ Eagle ($10) 16.7185 .900 10.0000 a a “ % Eagle ($5) 8.3592 .900 5.0000 a a “ K Eagle ($2.50) 4.1796 .900 2.5000 a a “ 1 Dollar 1.6718 .900 1.0000 a a Sovereign 7.9881 .916 2/3 4.8665 a a Half Sovereign 3.9940 .916 2/3 2.4332 British India Sovereign 7.9881 .916 2/3 4.8665 a a Half Sovereign 3.9940 .916 2/3 2.4332 Bulgaria 100 Leva 32.2580 .900 19.2948 ii 20 Leva 6.4516 .900 3.8589 ii 10 Leva 3.2258 .900 1.9205 Canada 20 Dollars U. S. 33.4370 .900 20.0000 a 10 Dollars 16.7185 .900 10.0000 a 5 Dollars 8.3592 .900 5.0000 a 2% Dollars U. S. 4.1796 .900 2.5000 a Sovereign 7.9881 .916 2/3 4.8665 a Half Sovereign 3.9940 .916 2/3 2.4332 Colombia 5 Pesos (Colombian £) 7.9882 .916 2/3 4.8665 ii 2M> Pesos ( “ £V 2 ) 3.9941 .916 2/3 2.4333 ii Colombian Peso 1.5976 .916 2/3 .9733 Costa Rica 20 Colones 15.5600 .900 9.3070 a 10 Colones 7.7800 .900 4.6535 a 5 Colones 3.8900 .900 2.3267 a 2 Colones 1.5560 .900 .9307 u 1 Colon .7780 .900 .4653 Cuba 20 Pesos 33.4370 .900 20.0000 a 10 Pesos 16.7185 .900 10.0000 a 5 Pesos 8.3592 .900 5.0000 a 4 Pesos 6.6872 .900 4.0000 a 2 Pesos 3.3436 .900 2.0000 a 1 Peso 1.6718 .900 1.0000 100 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Weight, Fineness, etc., of the GOLD Coins — (Continued) Country Denomination Weight (Grams) Fineness Value in U. S. Money Czecho Slovakia 100 Kronen 33.8753 .900 $20.2622 u tt 20 Kronen 6.7750 .900 4.0524 tt tt 10 Kronen 3.3875 .900 2.0262 Denmark 20 Kroner 8.9606 .900 5.3597 a 10 Kroner 4.4803 .900 2.6799 Ecuador 10 Sucres (Condor) 8.1360 .900 4.8665 tt 5 Sucres 4.0680 .900 2.4332 a 2 Sucres 1.6272 .900 .9733 Egypt Egyptian Pound (100 Piastres) 8.5000 .875 4.9430 a 50 Piastres 4.2500 .875 2.4715 u 20 Piastres 1.7000 .875 .9886 a 10 Piastres .8500 .875 .4943 a 5 Piastres .4250 .875 .2472 Finland 20 Markkaa 6.4516 .900 3.8589 « 10 Markkaa 3.2258 .900 1.9295 France 100 Francs 32.2580 .900 19.2948 a 50 Francs 16.1290 .900 9.6474 a 20 Francs 6.4516 .900 3.8589 it 10 Francs 3.2258 .900 1.9295 a 5 Francs 1.6129 .900 .9647 Germany Doppel Krone (20 marks) 7.9650 .900 4.7642 a Krone (10 marks) 3.9825 .900 2.3821 Great Britain and Colonies 5 Pounds 39.9403 .916 2/3 24.3325 u 2 Pounds 15.9761 .916 2/3 9.7330 it Sovereign 7.9881 .916 2/3 4.8665 it Half Sovereign 3.9940 .916 2/3 2.4332 Greece 100 Drachmae 32.2580 .900 19.2948 a 50 Drachmae 16.1290 .900 9.6474 a 20 Drachmae 6.4516 .900 3.8589 a 10 Drachmae 3.2258 .900 1.9295 a 5 Drachmae 1.6129 .900 .9647 Guatemala 5 Pesos 8.6500 .900 4.8210 a 2 V 2 Pesos 4.3200 .900 2.4105 tt 1 Peso 1.6120 .900 .9642 Hungary 100 Kronen 33.8753 .900 20.2622 u 20 Kronen 6.7750 .900 4.0524 a 10 Kronen 3.3875 .900 2.0262 a 4 Ducats 13.9636 .986 1/9 9.1513 u 1 Ducat 3.4909 .986 1/9 2.2882 Italy 100 Lire 3.3875 .900 2.0262 a 50 Lire 16.1290 .900 9.6474 it 20 Lire 6.4516 .900 3.8589 tt 10 Lire 3.2258 .900 1.9295 it 5 Lire 1.6129 .900 .9647 Japan 20 Yen 16.6666 .900 9.9690 a 10 Yen 8.3333 .900 4.9845 a 5 Yen 4.1666 .900 2.4922 Liechtenstein 20 Kronen 6.7750 .900 4.0524 tt 10 Kronen 3.3875 .900 2.0262 101 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Weight, Fineness, etc., of the GOLD Coins — (Continued) Country Denomination Weight (Grams) Fineness Value Money inU. S. Mexico 20 Pesos 16.6666 .900 $9.9690 tt 10 Pesos 8.3333 .900 4.9845 tt 5 Pesos 4.1666 .900 2.4922 it 2 Vz Pesos 2.0833 .900 1.2461 tt 2 Pesos 1.6666 .900 .9969 Netherlands 10 Gulden (or Florins) 6.7200 .900 4.0195 u 5 Gulden (or Florins) 3.3600 .900 2.0097 a Ducat 3.4940 .983 2.2826 Newfoundland 2 Dollars 3.2828 .916 2/3 2.0000 a 1 Dollar 1.6415 .916 2/3 1.0000 New Zealand 5 Pounds 39.9403 .916 2/3 24.3325 a 2 Pounds 15.9761 .916 2/3 9.7330 a Sovereign 7.9881 .916 2/3 4.8665 a Half Sovereign 3.9940 .916 2/3 2.4332 Nicaragua 10 Cordobas 16.7185 .900 10.0000 a 5 Cordobas 8.3592 .900 5.0000 tt 2V2 Cordobas 4.1796 .900 2.500*0 tt 1 Cordoba 1.6719 .900 1.0000 Norway 20 Kroner 8.9606 .900 5.3597 tt 10 Kroner 4.4803 .900 2.6798 tt 5 Kroner 2.2401 .900 1.3399 Panama U.S. Double Eagle ($20) 33.4370 .900 20.0000 tt “ Eagle($10) 16.7185 .900 10.0000 tt “ y 2 Eagle ($5) 8.3592 .900 5.0000 a “ % Eagle ($2.50) 4.1796 .900 2.5000 u " 1 Dollar 1.6718 .900 1.0000 Paraguay Argentino 8.0645 .900 4.8236 a Half Argentino 4.0322 .900 2.4118 Persia 2 Ashrafis (2 Tomans) 5.7489 .900 3.4386 a 1 Ashrafi (1 Toman) 2.8744 .900 1.7193 tt 1 Penzhezari ( V2 Toman) 1.4372 .900 .8597 tt 1 Dohezari (Vs Toman) .5749 .900 .3439 Peru Pound Peruvian 7.9881 .916 2/3 4.8665 ii V 2 Pound 3.9940 .916 2/3 2.4332 ti % Pound (“Quintos”) 1.5976 .916 2/3 .9733 Porto Rico U.S. Double Eagle($20) 33.4370 .900 20.0000 a u “ Eagle ($10) 16.7185 .900 10.0000 a tt “ V 2 Eagle ($5) 8.3592 .900 5.0000 a tt “ % Eagle ($2.50) 4.1796 .900 2.5000 a tt “ 1 Dollar 1.6718 .900 1.0000 Portugal 10 Escudos (10 Milreis) 18.0650 .900 10.8054 u 5 Escudos ( 5 Milreis) 9.0325 .900 5.4027 tt 2 Escudos ( 2 Milreis) 3.6130 .900 2.1611 tt 1 Escudo ( 1 Milreis) 1.8065 .900 1.0805 Roumania 100 Lei (Jubilee) 32.2580 .900 19.2948 n 50 Lei (Jubilee) 16.1290 .900 9.6474 tt 25 Lei (Jubilee) 8.0645 .900 4.8237 u 20 Lei 6.4516 .900 3.8589 tt 12y> Lei (Jubilee) 4.0322 .900 2.4118 tt 10 Lei 3.2258 .900 1.9295 102 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Weight, Fineness, etc., of the GOLD Coins — (Continued) Country Denomination Weight (Grams) Fineness Value inU. S. Money Russia 15 Roubles (Imperial) 12.9039 .900 $ 7.7183 44 10 Roubles 8.6026 .900 5.1455 44 7 Mi Roubles 6.4519 .900 3.8591 44 5 Roubles 4.3013 .900 2.5727 Siam Dos (10 Ticals) 6.2000 .900 3.7085 Spain 100 Pesetas 32.2580 .900 19.2948 44 50 Pesetas 16.1290 .900 9.6474 44 25 Pesetas 8.0645 .900 4.8237 44 20' Pesetas 6.4516 .900 3.8589 44 10 Pesetas 3.2258 .900 1.9295 44 5 Pesetas 1.6129 .900 .9647 Sweden 20 Kronor 8.9606 .900 5.3597 44 10 Kronor 4.4803 .900 2.6798 44 5 Kronor 2.2401 .900 1.3399 Switzerland 20 Francs 6.4516 .900 3.8589 44 10 Francs 3.2258 .900 1.9295 Turkey 5 Liras (500 Piastres) 36.0829 .916 2/3 21.9823 44 2% Liras (250 “ ) 18.0414 .916 2/3 10.9911 44 Lira or £Tk. (100 “ ) 7.2166 .916 2/3 4.3965 44 Mi Lira (50 Piastres) 3.6083 .916 2/3 2.1982 44 M Lira (25 Piastres) 1.8041 .916 2/3 1.0991 United States Double Eagle ($20) 33.4370 .900 20.0000 44 Eagle ($10) 16.7185 .900 10.0000 44 % Eagle ($5) 8.3592 .900 5.0000 44 U Eagle ($2.50) 4.1796 .900 2.5000 44 1 Dollar 1.6718 .900 1.0000 Uruguay Doubloon 16.9700 .917 10.3422 Venezuela 100 Bolivars 32.2580 .900 19.2948 44 25 Bolivars 8.0645 .900 4.8237 44 20 Bolivars 6.4516 .900 8.8589 103 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Weight, Fineness, etc., of the SILVER Coins, actually issued or provided for by Law, of the principal Countries of the World. Country Denomination Weight Fineness Value in U. S. Argentine Peso 25.0000 .900 $0.9648 a 50 Centavos 12.5000 .900 .4824 u 20 Centavos 5.0000 .900 .1929 u 10 Centavos 2.5000 .900 .0964 Australia Florin 11.310*4 .500 .4867 u Shilling 5.6552 .500 .2433 it Sixpence 2.8276 .500 .1216 a Threepence 1.4138 .500 .0608 Austria (German) 5 Kronen 24.0000 .900* 1.0131 « Florin 12.3457 .900 .4052 u 2 Kronen 10.0000 .835 .4052 ti 1 Krone 5.0000* .835 .2026 a Maria Theresa Thaler 28.0668 .833 1/3 .4512 u 20 Kreutzers 2.6666 .500 .0810 a 10 Kreutzers 1.6666 .400 .0405 Belgium 5 Francs 25.0000 .900’ .9650 a 2 Francs 10.0000 .835 .3860 a 1 Franc 5.0000 .835 .1930 a 50 Centimes 2.5000 .835 .0965 Bolivia Boliviano 20.0000 .833 1/3 .3893 a 50 Centavos lO'.OOOO .833 1/3 .1946 a 20 Centavos 4.0000 .833 1/3 .0778 Brazil 2,000 Reis 20.0000 .900 .6488 ii 1,000 Reis 10.0000 .900 .3244 it 500 Reis 5.0000 .900 .1622 Brit. Honduras 50 Cents • 11.6205 .925 .5000 « (i 25 Cents 5.8102 .925 .2500 a a 10 Cents 2.3241 .925 .1000 u << 5 Cents 1.1620 .925 .0*500 British India Rupee 11.6640 .916 2/3 .4866 u a Half Rupee 5.8320 .916 2/3 .2433 a u Quarter Rupee 2.9160 .916 2/3 .1216 a a 2 Annas 1.4580 .916 2/3 .0608 Bulgaria 5 Leva 25.0000 .900 .9647 u 2 Leva 10.0000 .835 .3859 a 1 Lev 5.0000 .835 .1929 a 50 Stotinki 2.5000 .835 .0964 Canada Dollar 23.3281 .800 .1.0000 a 50 Cents 11.6640 .800 .5000 a 25 Cents 5.8320 .800 .2500 a 10 Cents 2.3328 .800 .1000 a 5 Cents 1.1664 .800 .0500 Chile 1 Peso 9.0000 .720 .2200 a 20 Centavos 3.0000 .450 .0440 a 10 Centavos 1.5000 .450 .0220 a 5 Centavos 1.0000 .450 .0110 104 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Weight, Fineness, etc., of the SILVER Coins — (Continued) Country Denomination Weight Fineness Value in U.S. China Dollar, Yuan 26.8567 .900 $0.4663 n V2 Dollar 13.4284 .700 .1813 It Vs Dollar 5.3714 .700 .0725 it 1/10 Dollar 2.6857 .700 .0363 Colombia Peso 25.0000 .900 .9733 « Half Peso 12.5000 .900 .4866 u Peseta (20 Centavos) 5.0000 .900 .1946 it Real (10 Centavos) 2.5000 .900 .0973 Costa Rica 50 Centimos 10.0000 .900 .2326 II <1 25 Centimos 5.0000 .900 .1163 it li 10 Centimos 2.0000 .900 .0465 it II 5 Centimos 1.0000 .900 .0232 Cuba Peso 26.7295 .900 1.0000 40' Centavos 10.0000 .900 .4000 II 20 Centavos 5.0000 .900 .2000 II 10 Centavos 2.5000 .900 .1000 Ecuador Sucre 25.0000 .900 .4867 n V2 Sucre 12.5000 .900 .2433 n Peseta (20 Cents) 5.0000 .900 .0973 a Real (10 Cents) 2.5000’ .900 .0486 a Medio Real ( 5 Cents) 1.2500 .900 .0243 Egypt 20 Piastres 28.0000 .833 1/3 .9886 a 10 Piastres 14.0000 .833 1/3 .4943 a 5 Piastres 7.0000 .833 1/3 .2472 a 2 Piastres 2.8000 .833 1/3 .0989 a 1 Piastre 1.4000 .833 1/3 .0494 Finland 2 Markkaa 10.3658 .868 .3859 n 1 Markka 5.1829 .868 .1930 a 50 Pennia 2.5494 .750 .0965 a 25 Pennia 1.2747 .750 .0482 France 5 Francs 25.0000 .900 .9647 u 2 Francs 10.0000 .835 .3859 II 1 Franc 5.0000 .835 .1930 It 50 Centimes 2.5000 .835 .0965 it 20 Centimes 1.0000 .835 .0386 Germany 5 Marks 27.7778 .900 1.1910 u 3 Marks 16.6667 .900 .7146 a 2 Marks 11.1111 .900 .4764 ii 1 Mark 5.5556 .900 .2382 a V2 Mark 2.7778 .900 .1191 Great Britain and Colonies Crown 5/ — 28.2760 .925 1.2166 a Double Florin 4/ — 22.620'8 .925 .9734 a Half Crown 2/6 14.1380 .500 .6083 Florin 2/ — 11.3104 .500 .4867 a Shilling 5.6552 .500 .2433 a Sixpence 2.8276 .500 .1216 n Fourpence (Maundy) 1.8851 .925 .0811 a Threepence 1.4138 .500 .0608 n Twopence (Maundy) .9425 .925 .0405 a Penny (Maundy) .4713 .925 .0202 105 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Weight, Fineness, etc., of the SILVER Coins — (Continued) Country Denomination Weight Fineness Value in U. S. Greece 5 Drachmae 25.0000 .900 $0.9647 !l 2 Drachmae 10.0000 .835 .3859 It 1 Drachma 5.0000 .835 .1930 it 50 Lepta 2.5000 .835 .0965 It 20 Lepta 1.0000 .835 .0386 Guatemala Peso 25.0000 .900 .4340 it 50 Centavos 12.5000 .900 .2170 a 25 Centavos 6.2500 .835 .1007 a 10 Centavos 2.5000 .835 .0403 a 5 Centavos 1.2500 .835 .0201 Haiti Gourde 6.2500 .835 .2500 a 50 Centimes 3.1250 .835 .1250 Honduras Peso 25.0000 .900 .4340 u V 2 Peso (50 Centavos) 12.5000 .900 .2170 it Peseta (25 Centavos) 6.2500 .835 .1007 a 10 Centavos 2.5000 .835 .0403 it 5 Centavos 1.2500 .835 .0201 Hungary 5 Kronen 24.0000 .900 1.0131 n Florin 12.3457 .900 .4052 u 2 Kronen 10.0000 .835 .4052 a 1 Krone 5.0000 .835 .2026 a 20 Kreutzers 2.6666 .500 .0810 u 10 Kreutzers 1.6666 .400 .0405 Hongkong Mexican Dollar 27.0700 .902 7/10 .4714 u British Dollar 26.9569 .900 .4680 li 50 Cents 13.5769 .800 .2095 a 20 Cents 5.4309 .800 .0838 a 10 Cents 2.7151 .800 .0419 u 5 Cents 1.3575 .800 .0210 Italy 5 Lire 25.0000 .900 .9647 a 2 Lire 10.0000 .835 .3859 a 1 Lira 5.0000 .835 .1930 a 50 Centesimi 2.5000 .835 .0965 a 20 Centesimi 1.0000 .835 .0386 Japan 50 Sen 10.1250 .800 .2492 a 20 Sen 4.0500 .800 .0997 a 10 Sen 2.2500 .720 .0498 Liechtenstein 5 Kronen 24.0000 .900 1.0131 a 2 Kronen 10.0000 .835 .4052 a 1 Krone 5.0000 .835 .2026 Mexico Peso 27.0730 *.903 .4985 n 50 Centavos 12.5000 *.800 .2492 a 20 Centavos 5.0000 *.800 .0997 a 10 Centavos 2.5000 .800 .0498 Netherlands 2V2 Florins or Gulden 25.0000 *.945 1.0049 u Florin or Guilder 10.0000 *.945 .4019 II V2 Florin 5.0000 *.945 .2010 II 25 Cents 3.5750 .640 .1005 II 10 Cents 1.4000 .640 .0402 * See remarks in body of book regarding alterations in Fineness. 106 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Weight, Fineness, etc., of the SILVER Coins — (Continued) Country Denomination Weight Fineness Value in U.S. Newfoundland 50 Cents 11.6203 .925 $0.5000 u 25 Cents 5.8101 .925 .2500 it 20 Cents 4.6481 .925 .2000 u 10 Cents 2.3241 .925 .1000 a 5 Cents 1.1620 .925 .0500 Nicaragua Cordoba 25.0000 .900 1.0000 « 50 Centavos 12.5000 .800 .5000 u 25 Centavos 6.2500 .800 .2500 a 10 Centavos 2.5000 .800 .1000 Norway 2 Kroner 15.0000 .800 .5360 u 1 Krone 7.5000 .800 .2680 u 50 Ore 5.0000 .600 .1340 u 25 Ore 2.4200 .600 .0670 a 10 ore 1.4500 .400 .0268 Panama Peso (V 2 Balboa) 25.0000 .900 .5000 a y 2 Peso ( X A Balboa) 12.5000 .900 .2500 a 20 Centesimos 5.0000' .900 .1000 a 10 Centesimos 2.5000 .900 .0500 a 5 Centesimos 1.2500 .900 .0250 Paraguay Peso 25.0000 .900 .9648 a 50 Centavos 12.5000 .900 .4824 a 20 Centavos 5.0000 .900 .1929 u 10 Centavos 2.5000 .900 .0964 Persia 5 Krans 23.0150 .900 .3996 u 2 Krans 9.2060 .900 .1598 It 1 Kran 4.6030 .900 .0799 a 10 Shahis 2.3015 .900 .0400 a 5 Shahis 1.1507 .900’ .0200 a 3 Shahis .6904 .900 .0120 Peru Sol 25.0000 .900 .4867 u Sol 12.5000 .900 .2433 u Vb Sol 5.0000 .900 .0973 a 1/10 Sol (Dinero) 2.5000 .900 .0486 a 1/20 Sol ( l / 2 Dinero) 1.2500 .900 .0243 Portugal 1 Escudo (1,000 Reis) 25.0000 .835 1.0805 a 50 Centavos (500 Reis) 12.5000 .835 .5403 it 20 Centavos (200 Reis) 5.0000 .835 .2161 it 10 Centavos (100 Reis) 2.5000 .835 .1081 Roumania 5 Lei 25.0000 .900 .9647 a 2 Lei 10.0000 .835 .3859 a 1 Leu 5.0000 .835 .1930 u 50 Bani 2.5000 .835 . .0965 Russia 1 Rouble 19.9957 .900 .5146 a 50 Kopeks 9.9978 .900 .2573 tt 25 Kopeks 4.9989 .900 .1286 a 20 Kopeks 3.5992 .500 .1029 u 15 Kopeks 2.6994 .500 .0772 a 10 Kopeks 1.7996 .500 .0515 a 5 Kopeks .8998 .500 .0257 107 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Weight, Fineness, etc., of the SILVER Coins — (Continued) Country Denomination Weight Fineness Value in U. S. Salvador 1 Colon (8 Reales) 25.0000 .900 $ .5000 << 25 Cents (2 Reales) 6.2500 .900 .1250 «< 12 H Cents (1 Real) 3.1250 .835 .0503 «< 10 Cents 2.5000 .900 .0500 << 6*A Cents ( l / 2 Real) 1.5625 .835 .0252 tt 5 Cents 1.2500 .900 .0250 a 3 y 8 Cents (H Real) .7813 .835 .0126 Siam Tical 15.0000 .900 .3708 tt 2 Salung (V 2 Tical) 7.5000 .800 .1854 ti 1 Salung (M; Tical) 3.7500 .800 .0927 Spain 5 Pesetas 25.0000 .900 .9647 << 2 Pesetas 10.0000 .835 .3859 « 1 Peseta 5.0000 .835 .1930 n 50* Centimos 2.5000 .835 .0965 a 20 Centimos 1.0000 .835 .0386 Straits Settlements 1 Dollar 16.8480 .500 .5678 u 50 Cents 8.4240 .500 .2839 a 10 Cents 2.1060 .400 .0567 Sweden 2 Kronor 15.0000 .800 .5360 tt 1 Krone 7.5000 .800 .2680 a 50 Ore 5.0000 .600 .1340 it 25 Ore 2.4200 .600 .0670 a 10 Ore 1.4500 .400 .0268 Switzerland 5 Francs 25.0000 .900 .9647 a 2 Francs 10.0000 .835 .3859 H 1 Franc 5.0000 .835 .1930 a 50 Centimes 2.5000 .835 .0965 Turkey 20 Piastres (Medjidieh d’Argent) 24.0550 .830 .8793 u 10 Piastres 12.0275 .830 .4396 u 5 Piastres 6.0'137 .830 .2198 a 2 Piastres 2.4055 .830 .0879 u 1 Piastre 1.2027 .830 .0440 u Vz Piastre .6013 .830 .0220 United States and Territories Dollar 26.7301 .900 1.0000 X co ci C O SH Ph ccT G CD 4J bO pj ^ ccS <1 o ^ 5-i CO a; .3S 3 o 3 o a g co a ° ° CD 57 CO 3vJD 6 ? G 3 © cO G G .S bOGi 5h o <^PQ cz T3 oS c3 IS G oS G G • rH o 03 rG o O O O oS a 3 o 111 El Banco Espanol de la Isla de Cuba France Banque de Commerce Fictitious note. Great Britain Bank of Engraving An illegal printing of ' an imitation of the Bank of England Notes. List of the more common Bank and other Notes which are valueless— (Continued) u 7Z £ > Ci Jh c3 co ft ft *'s co ft ft c3 CQ CQ s 3 O CQ “ 0.2 2 So H 5 CO 05 O Q) H wPh co ci cO > " ;2 g 2 >HO o o ft ca s ft a) co o O -p ft o u p< "ft ft . c3 4 ft ^ .2 ft •+■> u ca PL, bO^ *> ft £5 rj ft § s 3 ft bOK* <1 ca CO ft CO /ft ft HO 8 o 1-S ft ^ -73 ft a* 4 -> ft co -+-> § § •2 g • 4-5 3 •43 .-a CO 4-a C 72 § s o ° is ft a d) O *i— j OH ft .2 'o ft 2 a3 2 ^ rft 0) ft ft ^ /ft ca Ci ft .S ‘ca £ ft £ ^ ft oo 2 ft ft \ /II fll O ft° ft w ’£ . >-rt s-l Si s ST co >s=^ -< ca 00Vwv ciOH-jooiflS'Mo ouo oo o - i— i-w'riniccaoooi O'OOl-ON vflprH OMt'Hl-TMOnOO^OCOMHNONHHMt'TfM «£> CO O O O H O^o HOOi-tOOt'OOIOOO'fOHWOONONHrlffiTf NUJNODWOvOSDW OOU5NOONU5t*NO©lONOU50(Ot'HOOO «5 00rH COOOCO«^COO> OU3(OOBNNNMOntOinOOONeO(»MO WOOONOH ©rH (SNlflHNfflinHOO^OCCNONOlOHONWOM ®NOOOH OWHOOUJOOIOOO^OHMOOHOMHHWO © 2 " ■'I* ' * ’ CO iH ’ CO td O to 00 O O’ w q l© O w'j i — i I.' J NWH05HM6SMW r- t- ® ®OOt-HH i-t OOfflHOO.., — , , ®«OOOH frO© HlOHOOt-OO MNrCTfinoOHWt'OinOWOOlOLOMO OOMNMfflN©NXOOOU 5 CiOMW _ - OOMWH050TfiOOO^NNOt'HHN©MW 'tOO'tOHMOO'CONHHfflffl HLO'Jt' NOOOU'JOMONt’lflOOlOOOOMlOHCqM CO CO CO rH CO rH 6 < CO OOONC-t'U 5 t-i»'NCqOOMWOnO©ON©T<< CO CO © 00 pH CO m rH HOl>N 00 OWHfflO©MOWT)'NOOHC 0 Mt'C>O O’ CO O O O rH s ?0 HC'rlOOfflOO'tOO'tOHCOOOOONHHOlO ^ co co oo m © co 0 © co ©ONWOinNcscqowt^ooiMOwMOeot' ft 'O'-fCoooco-ossico© HNooNH©HTj©i.omo^I'Ot)© O’ CO O o O rH CO© HlOHOOtOOO'tOO’tOHCOOOCCeNHHM' o’" ‘ ‘ ‘ CO rH * CO iri lOOtr OinH K OCOM lOOLCaiSr-OOONI.ONOWOH'OlCICOCCN NIOOCqNU5lOH©IMOlCiO’CH©MOO©©© OlOOl'HTth^ p%2p^ - ' ■ ~3 2h?oh O 0) ci £3 2 'd 33 ^"oCo^ ^233? * " d «3 o etc, tSed3ejbS02(3qp^h!3S3pweJ»H c S o S-2 3 fe-'O k. l««i|i§s8a»g>,§8y ssaif 3®B 2 § S2 §S = 2 £ £ S|§3 SS||gl » J I uuoAkkO0OKK£^H-.£fc£kkkw to qSb d to ’Ills M E^ ,*3 ft rt 33 s|B8 d-r 33 £3 ft ^ ® 113 t These rates are always quoted in Units per Dollar U. S. All other rates are in Dollars and Cents per Unit, t These quotations are for Kronen — multiply by 4 to get rate per Dinar. FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE ADDENDA. SARAWAK. The currency at the present time consists mainly of Straits Settlements notes and coins although there is a certain amount of old Sarawak silver coin in circulation. The 10 Cents S. S. notes which circulated for a time are being withdrawn. JEDDA. It is reported that the new Arab Government has adopted the Gold Sovereign (Pound Sterling) as it's monetary base. Bank Notes of all sorts are in circulation but subject to a large discount varying according to supply and demand. CYPRUS. The Treasurer of the Government of Cyprus has an- nounced that it has been decided to modify the monetary sys- tem, with effect from April 1st, 1922. Instead of the Pound being divided into 180 Piastres as at present it will then represent 1000 Milliemes. The copper coins of %, Vfc and 1 Piastre, and silver 3 Piastres will be withdrawn and nickel coins for 1, 2 and 5 Milliemes issued. WAR and NECESSITY MONEY. During the Great War 1914-1918, and also since the Armistice, most European countries have been confronted with difficulties owing to a lack of small coin for change. To sur- mount such difficulty enterprising Banks and Manufacturers, etc., in the countries concerned introduced “Encased Postage Stamps.” The stamps are enclosed in a case with metal back (usually bearing an advertisement of the issuing firm) and mica face, and are taken in exchange at their face value. The idea of using stamps in this manner is an old one and dates back to the time of the Civil War 1861-1865 when such stamps 114 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE were introduced by General F. E. Spinner who was at that time Treasurer of the United States. France, Belgium, Italy, Ger- many, Czecho-Slovakia, Norway and Argentine are among the countries in which such stamps have been in circulation. War money or “Kriegsgeld” has been issued by practically every City in Germany. This money consists of coins of Zinc, Iron, and other base metals and has been minted in all denomi- nations, sizes and shapes. For remarks regarding “Porzel- langeld” or Porcelain money see under “Germany”, page 71. Tokens have also attained considerable usage particularly in the Central European countries. COMMON EXPRESSIONS AND “SLANG” TERMS FOR MONEY. United States of America. Penny 1 Cent Nickel 5 Cents Shilling 12 y% Cents Two Bits 25 Cents Quarter 25 Cents Great Britain. Sou y 2 d. Stiver Id. Tanner 6d. Bob 1/— Half Dollar 2/6 Dollar 5/— Half Quid 10/— Quid £1. 0. 0 Guinea £1. 1. 0 Fiver £5. 0. 0 Tenner £10. 0. 0 Pony £25. 0- 0 India. Chip Rupee 1 Paissa Money 115 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE South Africa. Tikkie Dollar 3d. 1/6 Netherlands, Stuiver Dubbeltje Kwartje Rijksdaaler 5 Cents 10 Cents 25 Cents 2i/2 Florins Netherlands East Indies, Tientje 10 Cents TANGANYIKA TERRITORY It has now been arranged that the currency of this Colony, together with that of Kenia Colony and Uganda will in future be under the control of a Board to be called The East African Currency Board. It was at first decided to make an East African Florin (value 2/ — ) the standard coin but before these coins were issued a further alteration was decided upon and the standard coin will ultimately be a One Shilling piece. Pending the mint- ing of the new Shilling Coinage the Florin remains the standard coin. In Tanganyika Territory itself some of the old German East African Rupees are still being used — they are reckoned as equivalent to the Florin. It is proposed that all accounts be kept in shillings and cents and that the following coins be issued as soon as possible : — CHILE. In addition to the coins shown in the body of the book the following are in circulation : — Nickel Centavos 5, 10 and 20 Silver. Nickel. 10 Cents 5 Cents 1 Cent One Shilling 50 Cents 25 Cents 116 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE CONTENTS A Abadan 55 Abbassi 55 Aboudjidid 8 Abyssinia 8 Acores (see Azores, page 9) Account Money 43, 44, 55 Aden 43 Afghanistan 43 Africa * 8 et seq. “ British East . . . 10 “ “ South 10 “ “ west 10 “ French Equatorial 13 et seq. “ German East . . . 15 “ Portuguese East 18 " Union of South 20 Ahwaz 55 Aland Islands 65 Alaska 25 Albania 65 Algeria 9 Alsace-Lorraine 65 Amarah 54 America 22 et seq. “ Central 22 “ North 25 “ South 36 “ United States of 5 Amoy 46 Angola 9 Annam (see Indo-China, page 52) Antigua 30, 31 Arabia 43 Argentina 36 Armenia, Republic of 57 Ashanti 9 Asia 43 “ Central 57 “ Minor 57 Assam 44 Australasia 60 Australia 60 Austria 65 117 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Aversion to Paper currency and certain coins 8, 44 Avoirdupois weight 110 Azerbaijan 58 Azores 9 B Bad Piastre 43 Baghdad 54 Bahamas 30 Bahrein Islands 44 Balearic Islands (see Majorca, page 80) Baluchistan 44 Bank and others notes; worthless Ill, 112 Bank of Nassau 30 Barbados 30 Barter 11, 14, 15, 44 Basrah 54 Basutoland 9 Baule, The 43 Bechuanaland 9 Beira 10 Beirut 58 Belgian Congo 10 Belgium 66, 78 Bender Abbas (see Bunder Abbas, page 44) Bermuda 25 Bessarabia 66 Bohemia 66 Bokhara 57 Bolivia 36 Bombay 50 Bonds used as currency 80 Bonduku 14 Bons de Caisse 80 Borneo, British North 61 “ Dutch 61 Bosnia 66 Bourbon States 77 Brass, etc., Tokens 11, 14 Brazil 37 British East Africa 10 “ “ Indies 50 “ Guiana 37 “ Honduras 22 “ India 50 “ Mandated Zone of Togoland 19 “ North Borneo 61 “ Solomon Islands 64 “ Somaliland 10 “ South Ajfrica 10 “ West “ 10 “ “ Indies 30, 31, 32 118 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Buenos Aires 30 Bukowina 00 Bulgaria 67, 68 Bunder Abbas 44 f 55 Burmah 45 Bushire 45, 55 Bussorah (see Basrah, page 54) C Caches 54 Caisse de Prets ’ * 33 Calcutta . .*5*0, 60 Cambodia 45 Cameroons ’ ’ 44 Canada [ 25 Canary Islands 44 Candareen 47 Canton 40 Cape Colony 44 Cape of Good Hope 44 Cape Verde Islands 44 Camiola 07 Carolus Dollar 47 Cartridges as currency 8 Cash 45, 50, 53 Catty 46 Cawnpore 54 Central America 22 “ Asia 57 Certificates of Deposit 6, 7 Ceylon 45 Chad Territory 14 Channel Islands 67 Chatham Island 61 Chefoo 46 Chiangtieh 54 Chichien 53 Chile 38 China 45 Chinese Currency Commission 49 Dollars 47, 53 “ Turkestan (see Bokhara and Khiva, page 57) Chinkiang 46 Coast, French Ivory 13, 14 “ Gold * 15 “ Malabar 53 Cochin-China 49 Cocos-Keeling Islands 49 Coins forbidden in certain countries. 12, 14, 33, 79 Colombia 38 119 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Colony, Cape 11 “ Kenia 15, 19 “ Orange River 17 Comino (see Malta, page 81) Commodity Tael 47 Compania do Mocambique 18 Comparison of Systems of Weights 110 Conakry 13 Congo Beige (see Belgian Congo, page 10) Cook Islands 61 Corea 49 Corfu (see Greece, page 74) Costa Rica 22 Cotton cloth as currency 8, 15 Cowrie Shells 11, 12, 14, 15 Crete 68 Croatia / 68 Crown Agent for the Colonies 56, 57 Cuba 33 Curacao 38 Currency Board, West African 10, 19 Customs Tael 46, 47 Cyprus 68 Czar Roubles 58, 80, 85 Czecho-Slovakia 68 D Dahomey 11, 13 Dakar 13 Danish West Indian Dollar 35 “ “ Indies 35 Danzig 69 Dar-es-Salaam (see Tanganyika Territory, page 19) Darlehenskassenscheine 71, 88 Demand Rates in New York 113 “ Treasury Notes 7 Demerara (see British Guiana, page 37) Denmark 69, 86 Deutschoesterreichische Kronen 65, 66 Devanis . . 43 Dictionary of Coins and Monies of the World 92 Djeddah (see Jedda, page 43) Dohezari 55 Dollar, Carolus 47 “ Chinese 47, 53 “ British Guiana 37 “ West Indian 30 et seq. u u (« Danish “ Hong Kong . . Italian Trade Maria Theresa 35 47, 53, 64 13 8, 11, 13, 14, 43, 44, 50 120 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Dollar Menelik g “ Mexican 47* *5*3, 64 “ Peiyang < 48 “ Straits 47 “ Trade (American) 5, 6, 47 “ Tong Chai Yao 48 “ Yuan Shih K’ai 48 Dominica 31 Dominican Republic 33 Dominion of Canada 25 Dubbeltje 82 Dutch Borneo „ 61 “ East Indies 61 “ Guiana 39 Duty levied on imports of Foreign Money 12 Dwts and Grains, Equivalents of 109 E East Africa, British 10 “ “ German 15 “ “ Portuguese 18 “ Indies, British 50 “ “ Dutch 61 Ecuador 39 Egypt 12 Ellice Island 61 England 73 Equatorial Africa, French 13 et seq. Equivalents adopted by U. S. A. and Great Britain 110 of Grains and Dwts 109 “ of Karats and Fineness 109 Eritrea ,, 12 Esthonia 70 Etieh 54 Europe 65 et seq. F Falkland Islands 39 Faloussisorkha 57 Fanons 51 Federal Reserve Notes 6, 33 “ “ Bank Notes 7, 33 Federated Malay States 49 Fernando Po 13 Fiji 62 Fine Silver 46 Fineness of Gold Karats 109 Fineness and Weights of Gold Coins 100 et seq. “ “ “ “Silver “ 104 et seq. 121 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Finland Fluctuations in New York Demand Rates. Foochow * Foreign Coins legal tender 22, Fractional Currency, U. S France French African Colonies “ Equatorial Africa “ Guiana “ Guinea “ Ivory Coast “ India “ Indo-China “ Mandated Zone of Togoland “ Somaliland 70, 78 113 46 24, 27, 28, 33, 36, 38, 40, 42 7 70, 78 13 et seq. 13 et seq. 39 13, 14 13, 14 51 52 19 14 G Galicia 71 Gambia 15 Gaz 44 Georgia 58 German East Africa 15 “ Bonds part guarantee for Turkish Note issue 88 Germany 71 Gibraltar 72 Goa (see Portuguese India, page 51) Gold Certificates of Deposit 7 “ Coast • 15 “ Exchange Standard 91 “ Standard 90 “ Test 110 “ Tokens 11 Gourdes 34 Gozo (see Malta, page 81) Grains and Dwts., Equivalents of 109 Grand Bassam 13 Great Britain, U. K. of, and Ireland 72, 87 Greece 74 Greenbacks 7 Greenland . 75 Grenada 31 Gr^nlandske Handel 75 Guadeloupe 33 Guam 62 Guatemala 23 Guerche 8 Guernsey, C. 1 67 Guiana, British 37 “ Dutch 39 “ French 39 Guinea, French 13, 14 122 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE H HacLhramaut 44 Haikwan Tael ’ 4*6 47 Haiti ’ 34 Hamadan * ’ 55 Hankow ’ 40 Haraf * 44 Hawaii ’ 02 Heads 12 Hejaz 43 Heligoland 75 Henjam ' * 50 Herzegovina * 75 Holland (see Netherlands, page 82) Honduras, British 22 “ Republic of .. 23 Hong Kong 1 . . 50 “ “ Dollar 47, 53, 64 Honolulu 02 Hungarian P. O. Savings Bank Notes 75 Hungary 75 I Iceland 70 Imperial Roubles 58, 80, 85 Imperio Notes 37 Inconvertible Paper Standard 91 India, British 50 “ French 51 “ Portuguese 51 Indies, British East 50 “ “ West 30, 31, 32 “ Dutch East 61 “ “ West (see Curacao and Dutch Guiana, pages 38 & 39) Indo-China 52 Infalsificables 29 Ionian Islands 76 Ireland 74 Isabelino 87 Isle of Man 73 Isle of Pines 34 Italian Trade Dollar 13 “ States 76 Italy 76, 78 Iturbide 28 Ivory Coast, French 13, 14 J Jamaica . 31 Japan 52 Java 62 123 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Jedda 43 Jersey, C. I 67 Jose Marti 33 Jugo-Slavia 77 K Kameruns (see Cameroons, page 11) Karachi 51 Karats and Fineness, Equivalents ; 109 Karsh 44 Kenia Colony 15, 19 Kermanshah 55 Khamsie 44 Khiva 57 Kiaochow 46 Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (see Jugo-Slavia, p. 77) Kishm Island (Hen jam) 50 Kong 14 Kookaburra, The 60 Korea (see Corea, page 49) Kuantieh 54 Kuping Tael 47 Kut-el-Amarah 54 Kwartje 82 L Labuan 62 Laccadive Islands 53 Lagos (see British West Africa, page 10 ) Lahore 51 Latin Monetary Union 78 Latvija 79 Leeward Islands 32 Legal Tender Notes 6 Lettland (see Latvija, page 79) Liang 60 Liberia 46 Liechtenstein 15 Lithuania 79 Lome 80 London 20 Lorraine (see Alsace-Lorraine, page 65) Lourenco Marques 16 Lucca, Ex-Duchy of 77 Luxembourg 80 M Mace 47 Madagascar 16 Madeira 16 124 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Madras 50 Magyarorszag Notes 75 Majorca 80 Malabar Coast 53 Malay States 49 Maidive Islands 53 Mallorca (see Majorca, page 80) Malta 81 Manchuria 53 Mandated Zones of Togoland 19 Manille 14 Maria Theresa Dollar 8, 11, 13, 14, 43, 44, 50 Marseilles 71 Marti, Jose 33 Martinique 35 Mauretania 16 Mauritius 16 Maximilian Silver Coins 28 Mecca 43 Medina 43 Mehalek 8 Menelik Dollar 8 Mesopotamia 54 Metric system of coinage for Great Britain 73 Metric weight 110 Mexico 28 Mexican Dollar 6, 43, 47, 53, 64 Miquelon, St. Pierre et 30 Mint tests for Gold and Silver 110 Mohammerah 55 Monaco 81 Monetary Union, Latin 78 “ “ Scandinavian 86 Monetary Units of principal countries in the World 90, 91 Money of Account 43, 44, 55 Montenegro 81 Montserrat 31 Mosul 54 Morocco 17. Mozambique 17 Mozambique Company 18 Muscat 43 Mushtini 80 Muttra (see Muscat, page 43) N Nankin 46 Nasiriyeh 54 Natal 1^ National Bank Notes 6, 33 Natives’ aversion to certain currencies 8, 44 125 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Negri Sembilan « 54 Netherlands 82 Nevis 32 Newfoundland 29 New Hebrides 62 New South Wales (see Australia, page 60) New York Demand Rates 113 New Zealand 62 Nicobar Islands % 54 Nicaragua 24 Nigeria 17 Ningpo 46 Niuchwang 46 North America 25 North Borneo, British » 61 Norway 82, 86, 87 Nyassaland 17 Nzi-Komoe 14 O Oceania 60 Okiya 44 Old Silver , 46 Oman (see Muscat, page 43) Orange Free State 17 Orange River Colony 17 Orkney Islands 83 Ostmark 80 P Palestine (see Syria, page 58) Pahang 54 Panama 24 Papal States 77 Paper Standard 91 Paraguay 40 Peiyang Dollar 48 Peking 46 Penrhyn Island 63 Penzhezari 55 Perak * 54 Perim 54 Persia 55 Peru 40 Peso Fuerte 42 “ Macquina 42 Petrograd 85 Philippine Islands : . . . : : 63 Pilgrim Ports 43 Poland : 83 Pondichery 55 126 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Porcelain coins 72 Port of Spain 32 Porto Novo ,. 13 Porto Rico 35 Portugal 83 Portuguese East Africa 18 “ India 51 Powder as currency 15 Prague 69 Prince Edward Island (see Canada, page 25) Pul 55 Q Queensland (see Australia, page 60) Quintos 41 R Rangoon 51 Reichskassenscheine 72 Republica Dominicana 33 Republique d’Haiti 34 Rezin 43 Rhodesia 18 Rijksdaaler 82 Rio de Oro 18 Rio Muni 18 Romanoff Roubles 58, 80, 85 Roseau (see Dominica, page 31) Roubles, Azerbaijan * 58 “ Bolsheviki 85 “ Czar, Imperial or Romanoff 58, 80, 85 “ Don 58 “ Georgian * 58 “ Kerensky 58, 85 “ Lettish 79 “ Transcaucasian 58 Roumania 78, 84 Royal Greenland Board of Trade 75 Rupia 51 Russia 85, 87 S St. Croix 35 St. Helena 18 St. Kitts 32 St. Lucia 32 St. Pierre et Miquelon 30 St. Thomas 35 St. Vincent (see British West Indies, General, page 32) SaWador 24 127 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Salt as currency 8, 15 Samoa 63 San Domingo 33 San Marino 76, 85 San Thome 18 Sapeque 52 Sarawak 64 Scandinavian Monetary Union 86 Scilly Isles 86 Scotland 74 Seguela 14 Selangor 56 Senegal 13, 18 Servia 78, 86 Shanghai Tael 46 Shetland Isles 86 Shoes or Sycee 46, 53 Siam 56 Sicily 86 Sierra Leone 14, 19 Signs and abbreviations 92 et seq. Silesia 86 Silver Certificates of Deposit 6 “ Fine 46 “ Old 46 “ Standard 91 “ Test 110 “ Trade 46 Slavonia 86 Solomon Islands 64 Somaliland, British 10 “ French 14 Sombe 14 Sou Marque Blanc 39, 40 Soudan (see Egypt, page 12) South Africa, British 10 “ “ Union of 20 South African Republic 20 South America 36 Spain 78, 86 Specie Daler 83 Spitzbergen 87 Stamma 8 Steamer Point (Aden) 43 Straits Dollar 47 Straits Settlements 56 String 12, 45 Strong Money 9 Stuiver 82 Sumatra 64 Surinam 39 Swatow 46 128 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Swazieland 19 Sweden 86, 87 Switzerland 78, 88 Sycee 46, 53 Syria 58 Systems of weights, Comparison of 110 T Taels 46 Takow 46 Tanganyika Territory 19 Tari 81 Tasmania 64 Tekrit 54 Tembi 55 Tests for Gold and Silver 110 Tiao 45 Tientsin 46 Tila 57 Timor 64 Tobago 32 Togoland 19 Tokens, Gold, Brass, etc 11, 14 Tong Chai Yao Dollar 48 Toumoun 8 Trade Dollar 5, 6 Trade Silver 46 Transcaucasia 58, 59 Transvaal 20 Transylvania 88 Treasury Notes 7 “ Tael 47 Trinidad 32 Tripoli 20 Troy weight 110 Tungyuan 53 Tungyuanpiao 54 Tunis 20 Turkey 88 U Uganda (see British East Africa, page 10) Umba Dollar 43 Union, Latin Monetary 78 “ Scandinavian Monetary 86 “ of South Africa 20 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 72 “ States of America 5 “ Notes 6, 33 Units of the principal countries in the world 90, 91 Uruguay 41 129 FOREIGN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE GUIDE Y V alachia 84 Venezuela 41, 78 Virgin Islands of Great Britain (see British West Indies, page 30) “ “ United States 35 Victoria (see Australia, page 60) W Wales 73 Weak Money 9 Weights, comparison of systems 110 Weights and Fineness of Gold coins 100 et seq. “ “ Silver “ 104 et seq. West Africa, British 10 West African Currency Board 10, 19 West Indian Dollar 30 et seq. Groat 37 West Indies, British 30 “ “ Danish 35 “ “ Dutch (see Curacao and Dutch Guiana, pages 38 & 39) “ Miscellaneous 33 et seq. Windward Islands (see West Indies, page 30 et seq.) Worthless Notes, Canadian ~ 26 “ “ Sundry Ill, 112 Y Yakmire 57 Yangchien , 53 Yangchienpiao 54 Yinpiao 54 Yinting 53 Yinyuan 53 Yuan Shih K’ai Dollar 48 Yun Nan Province 48 Z Zanzibar 21 Zilverbons 82 Zululand 21 130 RARE COINS OF THE UNITED STATES .. Our New (3rd) Edition has been com- pletely revised and enlarged. Contains about 120 pages with over 250 illustrations of the scarcer or more important varieties, and gives the premium on more than 1,000 Coins of the UNITED STATES of AMERICA. Published by GUTTAG BROS. V Numismatists New York, U. S. A. Guttag Bros. NEW YOKK U. S. A. Brokers in Foreign Exchange. Cable Remittances to all parts of the World. Drafts issued at Current Rates of Exchange. Foreign Monies and Exchange Bought and Sold. Bullion and Specie. Universal Collections. Letters of Credit- Travellers' Checks. Liberty Bonds. Foreign Bonds. Coupons Collected and Bought. United States Rare Coins Bought and Sold. Correspondence Invited. \