RVINS OF THE PALACE OF THE EMPEROR DIOCLETIAN AT SPALATRO IN DALMATIA BY R- ADAM FRS F-S-A ARCHITECT TO THE KING AND TO THE QVEEN PRINTED FOR THE AVTHOR MDCCLXIIII T O THE KING. I Beg Leave to lay before your Majefty the Ruins of Spalatro, once the favorite Refidence of a great Emperor, who, by his Munificence and Example, revived the Study of Architecture, and excited the Matters of that Art to emulate in their Works the Elegance and Purity of a better Age. All the Arts flourifh under Princes who are endowed with Genius, as well as poffefled of Power. Archite&ure in a particular Manner depends upon the Patronage of the Great, as they alone are able to execute what the Artift plans. Your Majefty's early Application to the Study of this Art, the extenfive Knowledge you have acquired of its Principles, encourages every Lover of his Profeffion to hope that he ftiall find in George the Third, not only a powerful Patron, but a lkilful Judge. At [ iv ] At this happy Period, when Great Britain enjoys in Peace the Reputation and Power (he has acquired by Arms, Your Majefty's Angular Attention to the Arts of Elegance, promifes an Age of Perfeaion that will compleat the Glories of your Reign, and fix anJ&ano lefs remarkable than that of Pericles, Augustus, or the Medicis. I am, May it pleafe Your Majesty, Your Majesty's Moft Dutiful Servant, and Faithful Subjea, ROBERT ADAM. LIST of SUBSCRIBERS. The KING The Q^UEEN Her Royal Highnefs The Princefs Dowager of Wales His Royal Highnefs The Duke of York His Royal Highnefs Prince William His Royal Highnefs Prince Henry A. His Grace Archibald, Duke of Argyll 2 Setts Her Grace Jane, Dutchefs of Athol His Grace Peregrine, Duke of Ancafter The Right Honorable George, Earl of Albemarle The Right Honorable James, Earl of Abercorn The Right Honorable Heneage, Earl of Aylcsford The Right Honorable, John Earl of Afhburnham The Right Honorable William, Earl of Ancram The Right Honorable George, Lord Anion Lieutenant General Abercrombie William Adair, Efq; John Adam, Efq; Architect, of Edinburgh James Adam, Efq; Architect William Adam, Efqj William Aifleby, Efq } Claudius Amyand, Efq; Mr. Saffron Aiken, Carver Ralph Allen, Efq; Mr. James Arrow E. His Grace Henry, Duke of Buccleugh The Right Honorable John, Earl of Bute 10 Setts The Right Honorable William, Earl of Bath The Right Honorable William, Lord Vifcount Bar- rington. The Right Honorable Frederick, Lord Baltimore The Right Honorable Lady Caroline Burdett William Baird, of Newbyth, jun, Efq; Mr John Balfour, Bookfeller 6 Setts Ifaac Barre, Efq; Lieutenant Colonel Bathurft Captain William Bayne, of the Navy John Bayne, Efq; Henry Beauclerck, Efq; Major General Beckwith William Beckwith, Efq; The Honorable Sir Harry Bellenden, late Gentleman Ufher of the Black Rod Robert Berry, Efq; The Rev. John Blair, L. L. D. Prebendary of Weft- mrciiter, F. R. S. and F. S. A. Patrick Blair, M. D. of Cork William Blair, Efq; Clerk of the Privy Council Sir Walter Blackett, Baronet Lieutenant General Bland Mrs. Bland. The Right Honorable Admiral Bofcawen 2 Setts Mrs. Bofcawen 2 Setts Edward Hugh Bofcawen, Efq; 2 Setts Thomas Bradfhaw, Efq; Lieutenant Colonel James Bramham, Engineer Thomas Brand, Efq; of the Hoo Richard Brockellby, M. D. and F. R, S. PhyGciati to the Army Lieutenant Colonel Brome Colonel Browne The Honorable and Rev. James Bruce The Honorable Major Thomas Bruce Mr. Alexander Bruce Henry Bullock, Efq; Mr. John Burgefs, Carpenter Mr. James Burgh, of Newingtim a Lieute-; LIST OF SI Lieutenant Colonel Burton Thomas Burton, Efq; Dr. George Buxton C. The Mofl: Honorable James, Marquis of Carnarvon The Right Honorable Philip, Earl of Chefterfield The Right Honorable George, Earl of Cardigan The Right Honorable George, Earl of Coventry The Right Honorable John, Earl of Caffils The Right Honorable Charles, Earl Cornwallis The Right Honorable Lord Frederick Cavendifh The Right Honorable Lord Frederick Campbell The Right Honorable William Lord Vifcount Courtenay The Right Honorable Hugh, Lord Clifford The Right Honorable Robert, Lord Clive The Honorable Lieutenant General Conway Thomas Calderwood, of Polton, Efq; James Campbell, of Ardkinglas, Elq ; Daniel Campbell, of Shawfield, Erq; Alexander Campbell, Efq; of Grenada Mr. Benjamin Carter, Statuary Nathaniel Caftleton, Efq; Major General Julius Gefar Mr. George Chalmers, of Edinburgh, Merchant Robert Chalmers, Efq; Rice Charlton, M. D. of Bath James Cheap, of Sauchie, Efq; Francis Child, Efq; Mrs. Cholmondely, of Clarges Street, Mr. Thomas Churchill John Chute, Efq; William Clayton, Efq; of Harleyford, Eu eking namfbire Sir James Clerk, Baronet Colonel Robert Clerk John Clerk, Efq-, David Clerk, M. D. of Edinburgh John Cleveland, Efq; Mr. William Cobbett Archibald Cochran, Efq? Sir James Cockburn, Baronet Sir George Colebrook, Baronet Sir Charles Coote, Knight of the Bath Oliver Coult, Efq; Richard Combe, Efq; — — Cooper, Efq ; of the Temple Richard Cox, Efq; FBSCRIBERS. William Crichton, Efq; Mrs. Cuningham, of Enterkin Sir Ellis Cunliffe, Baronet William Cunynghame, of Craigends, Efq; Lady Curzon D His Grace William, Duke of Devonfhire The Right Honorable Bafil, Earl of Denbigh The Right Honorable William, Earl of Dumfries and Stair The Right Honorable William, Earl of Dunmore The Right Honorable William, Earl of Dartmouth The Right Honorable John, Earl of Darnley The Honorable and Right Reverend Dr. Richard Tre- vor, Lord Bifhop of Durham The Right Honorable Henry, Lord Digby The Right Honorable James, Lord Defkford The Right Honorable , Lord Dunkellin Henry Dagge, Efq; Richard Dalton, E% Librarian to his Majefty Sir Hugh Dalrymple, Baronet John Dalrymple, of Cranftoun, Efq; Hugh Dalrymple, of Fordle, Efq; Captain James Dalrymple Mr. John Davidfon, Clerk to the Signet James Dawkins, Efq; Sir Edward Deering, Baronet Mr. Dickson Thomas Dickson, M. D. Phyfician to St, Thomas's Hofpital Peter Delme, Efq ; George Dempfter, Efq; James Dewar, of Vogric, Efq; Mr. Robert Dodfley Chrifbpher D'Oyly, Efq; William Drake, Efq ; Adam Drummond, Efq; John Drummond, Efq; Robert Drummond, Efq; Henry Drummond, Efq; The Rev. Mr. John Dryfdale Matthew Duane, Efq ; F. R. S. H. Duane, Efq; J. Duncan, D. D. Fellow of St. John's College, Oxford Sir Lawrence Dundas, Baronet Lady Dundas Thomas 3L- I S T OF SUBSCRIB E R S. Thomas Dundas, Efq; '.Captain David Dundas The Right Honorable Brownlow, Earl of Exeter The Right Honorable James, Earl of Etrol The Right Honorable Charles, Earl of Elgin and Kin- card in The Right Honorable Patrick, Lord Elibank The Right Honorable Welbore Ellis, Secretary at War The Right Honorable Gilbert Elliot The Right Honorable Charles Erikine, late Lord Juf- tice Clerk William Rawlinfon Earle, Efijj Colonel James Edmonfton Major General Elliot William Elliott, of Wells, Efq ; Sir Harry Erlkine, Baronet Lady Erlkine Sir William Erlkine F. The Right Honorable James, Earl of Findlater and Seafield The Right Honorable James, Earl Fife The Right Honorable Thomas Lord Foley The Honorable Thomas Fitzmaurice The Honorable Stephen Fox The Honorable Archibald Fnzer Adam Fajholme, Efqj Thomas Fairholme, Efq; Lieutenant Colonel Faucitt Sir Adam Fergufon, Baronet Mr. Profeffor Adam Fergufon John Forbes, Efq; John Fordyce, of Aytoun, Efq; Andrew Fletcher, Efq; one of the Senators of the Col- lege of Juftice Frederick Frankland, Efq; His Grace Auguftus, Duke of Grafton Her Grace the Dutchefs of Gordon The Mofl Noble John, Marquis of Granby The Right Honorable John, Earl of Granville The Right Honorable Alexander, Earl of Galloway The Right Honorable Thomas Lord Grantham The Right Reverend Dr. William Warburton, Lord BLfhop of Gloutefter The Right Honorable George Grenville The Right Honorable James Grenville Samuel Garbett, Efq; David Garrick, Efq; Sir Alexander Gilmour, Baronet Sampfon Gideon, Efq; Reverend Mr. Charles Godwyn James Gordon, Efq; , James Gordon, of Elian, Efq ; Mr. John Gordon, at Lifbon, Merchant Mr. Jofeph Gordon John Graham, of Dugaldftone, Efq; Sir Ludowick Grant, Baronet Mr. Baron Grant Colonel James Grant, Governor of Eafl Florida James Grant, of Grant, Efq ; Andrew Grant, Efq ; The Abbot Grant, at Rome Grant, M. D. Captain Richard Grenville General Grame, Commander in Chief of the Vene- tian Forces Colonel David Grame, Secretary to the Queen Sir James Gray, Knight of the Bath 2 Setts Colonel George Gray Sir John Griffin Griffin, Knight of the Bath Lieutenant General John Guife, F. R. S. Mr. Gwyn, Architect H. The Right Honorable Robert Lord Henley, Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain The Right Honorable Robert, Earl of Holdernefle The Right Honorable John, Earl of Hopetoun 5 Setts The Right Honorable Francis, Earl of Hertford The Right Honorable Philip, Earl of Hardwicke The Right Honorable Lord Charles Hay The Right Honorable Lady Mary Hume The Right Honorable Charles Lord Hope The Right Honorable Henry Lord Holland The Honorable Charles Hope Weir 3 Setts The Honorable James Hope The Honorable Robert Harley The Honorable Charles Hamilton The Honorable William Hamilton The Honorable Mr. Howard John Hamilton, of Bargeney, Efq; Major James Hamilton L Lieute- LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. Lieutenant Colonel Charles O'Harra James Harris, Efq; one of the Lords Commiffioners of the Admiralty, F. R. S. Colonel Harvey, Adjutant General George Hay, L. L. D. one of the Lords Commiffioners of the Admiralty Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Hay Sir Gilbert Heathcote, Baronet Chriftopher Hervey, Efq; Sir Rowland Hill, Baronet Richard Hill, Efq; Mr. John Hobcraft Lieutenant Colonel Hotbam George Home, Efq; John Home, Efq; Thomas Hollis, Efq; F.R.S. F. S. A. Francis Holburne, Efq; Vice Admiral of the Red John Hope, Efq; Archibald Hope, Efq; John Hope, Efq; of Amfterdam John Hort, Efq; Colonel Hotham Lieutenant General Howard George Hungerford, Efq; William Hunter, M. D. Fhyfician to the Queen Alexander Hume, Efq; Abraham Hume, Efq; David Hume, Efq; I. Chailes Jenkmfon, Efqi Mrs. Jahnfton George Johnlton, Efq; Governor of Weft Florida Alexander Johnllon, of Carnfalloch, Efq; Mr. Andrew Jdbnfton Mr. William Innes K: His Grace Evelyn, Duke of Kingllon The Right Honorable Thomas, Earl of Kinnoul The Honorable Colonel Keppel George Keate, Efq; Lieutenant Colonel Keith Jothua Kirby, Efq; Dengner in Ferfpeaive to his Ma jelly David Kinloch, Efq; L. His Grace Thomas, Duke of Leeds Her Grace the Dutchefs Dowager of Leeds The Mod Honorable John, Marquis of Lorn The Right Honorable Henry, Earl of Lincoln The Right Honorable Lord George Lenox Field Marlhal John Lord Vifcount Ligonier The Right Honorable George Lord Lyttelton The Right Honorable Lady Lindores Lacy, Efq; Edwin Lafcelles, Efq; Daniel Lafcelles, Efq; Edward Lafcelles, Efq; Mr. Peter Lawfon Mr. Stiff. Leadbetter Captain John Lindfay, of the Navy Mr. John Linnell Alexander Littlejohn, of Woodftoun, Efq; William Locke, Efq; John Lockhart, of Lee, Efq; Charles Lowth, Efq; Sir James Lowther, Baronet 3 Sctts Library of the Faculty of Advocates, at Edinburgh Library of the Univerfity of Glafgow Library of Oriel College, Oxford M. His Grace George, Duke of Marlborough His Grace William, Duke of Montrofe 2 Setts Her Grace the DutcheS of Monttole His Grace George, Duke of Manchefter The Right Honorable James, Earl of Morton, F. R. S. The Right Honorable James, Earl of Moray The Right Honorable James, Earl of March and Ruglen The Right Honorable Lord James Manners The Right Honorable Lord William Manners The Right Honorable William Lord Mansfield, Lord Chief Juftice of England The Right Honorable Lord Montague The Right Honorable James Stewart Mackenzie, Lord Privy Seal of Scotland The Honorable Mr. Baron Maule William Macdowal, of Caffle Semple, Efq; John Mackay, Efq; of BellEelds William Mackenzie, Efq; Sit Wyndham Knatchbull, Baronet 2 Setts Edward Marjoribanks, Efq; James LIST OF SUBS C R I B E R S. James Macpherfon, Efq; Robert Malcolm, Efq; Sir William Mayne, Baronet Robert Mayne, Efq; Lewis Mendes, Efq; Paul Methuen, Efq; Mr. George Mercer, jun. Jolin Milbanke, Efq; Mr. Andrew Millar, Bookfeller John Monro, M. D. Edward Montagu, Efq; Mrs. Montagu William Morehead, Eiq; James Morris, Efq; . Morir, Efq; Dean Street, Soho Mr. James Mofs, Joiner to his Majefty Sir Roger Moftyn, Baronet Mr. Baron Muir ..cr 2 Sctl! Hutchinfon Mure, Eiq; John Murray, of Philiphaugh, Efq; Alexander Murray, jun. of Murrayfield, Efq; James Murray, of Abercairny, Efq; James Mytton, Efq; P. 5 Setts N. His Grace Edward, Duke of Norfolk His Grace Thomas, Duke of Newcaftle The Right Honorable Charles, Earl of Northampton The Right Honorable Ann, Countefs of Northampton The Right Honorable Hugh, Earl of Northumberland The Right Honorable the Countefs of Northumberland Lieutenant General Napier Arnold Nelbit, Efq; Houfton Stewart Nicolfon, Efq; Mr. Samuel Norman Mr. Robert Norrie, Painter O. The Right Honorable George, Eatl of Orford The Right Honorable James Ofwald John Offley, Efq; James Ord, Efq; John Orr, of Barrowfield, Efqi Richard Ofwald, Efq; Mr. Oxley, of Rlpon, in Yorkfhirc His Grace William Duke of Portland His Grace Henry, Duke of Portland The Right Honorable Henry, Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery The Right Honorable Other Lewis, Earl of Plymouth The Right Honorable Charles, Earl of Por.more The Right Honorable William, Earl of Panmuro The Right Honorable the Countefs of Pomfret The Right Honorable John Lord Pollington 4 Sctti John Parker, Efq; Richard Pennant, Efq; Lieutenant Colonel Philips . Colonel William Pitt Thomas Pit,, Efq; one of the Lords Commiffioners of the Admiralty The Rev. Dr. Plumptre Mr. John Pratt Robert Price, Efq; Uvedale Price, Efq; Andrew Pringle, Efq; one of the Senators of the Col- lege of Juftice John Pringle, M. D. F. R. S. Phyflcian to the Queen Thomas Proufe, Efqi His Grace Charles Duke of Queensbcrry Her Grace the Dutchefs of Queensberry R. His Grace Charles, Duke of Richmond and Lenox His Grace John, Duke of Rutland Her Grace the Dutchefs Dowager of Roxburgh The Mod Noble Charles, Marquis of Rockingham The Right Honorable Nell, Earl of Rofeberry The RightHonorablePhilipLord Vifcount Royfton 2 Sctts The Honorable Thomas Robinfon The Right Honorable Richard Rigby Allan Ramfay, Efq; Painter to his Majefty Matthew Raper, Efq; F. R. S. F. S. A Joihua Reynolds, Efq; F. R- S. William Robertfon, D. D. Principal of the Univerfity of Edinburgh Colonel James Robertfon Mr. Archibald Robertfon Mr. L I Mr. Patrick Robertfon ST OF SUBSCRI B E R S. Charles Rogers, Efq; F. R. S. F. S. A. Sir Thomas Robinfon, Baronet, F. R. S. Sir George Bridges Rodney, Baronet Robert Roper, Efq; Mr. Jofeph Rofe George Rofs, Efq; Thomas Rowley, Efq; Captain Clotworthy Rowley Lieutenant Colonel Roy Nathaniel Ryder, Efq; Mr. Michael Rysbrack, Statuary The Rev. Mr. Storrer Colfton Stow, Efq; 6 Setts Mr. William Strahan, Printer James Stuart, Efq; F. R. S. F. S. A. John Symonds, Efq; T. The Mofi Honourable John, Marquis of Tweeddak The Moil Honorable the Marchionefi of Tweeddale The Molt Honorable Francis, Marquis of Tavhlock The Right Honorable Richard Earl Temple The Right Honorable the Countefs of Talbot The Right Honorable Lady Townfhend The Right Honorable Major Gene ral George The R,ght Honorable Charles Townftend Peter Taylor, Efq; Paris Taylor, Efq; Thomas Thorrowton, Efq; The Right Honorable Henry, Earl of Suffolk and Berk (hire The Right Honorable William, Earl of Sutherland The Right Honorable William Earl of Stirling The Right Honorable Philip, Earl Stanhooe a R— I The R.ght Honorable W,l,iam, Ear, ofShlrne ^ £^£> «"~ The Right Honorable Lord Robert Su'lon lu. j i ', _, -. , „ °" Marmaduke Tunfdale, Efq; The R.ght Honorable Lord George Sutton . . _ * -r.. „■ • JohnTurton, M. D. pro The R.gut Honorable John Lord Vifcount Spencer Mr mm \- The Right Honorable Nathaniel Lord Scarfdale ^ The Right Honorable Hans Stanley, one of the Lords CommMioners of the Admiialty T . „. . „ U ' The Honorable James Stewart The Honorable General James St. Clair Join Sargent, Efq; of May Place Sir George Saville, Baronet, F. R. S. Jofeph Salvidor, Efq; F. R. S. Mr. James Scott, at Edinburgh, Merchant Major General Skinner, chief Engineer Mr. Alexander Small, Surgeon The Rev. Mr. Edward Smallwell, B. D. Chrift Church Jofeph Smith, Efq; at Venice James Smaller, of Bonhill, Efq; The Honorable Mrs. Southwell Mr. John Spencer, Carpenter George Steevens, Efq; Dr. Alexander Stevenfon, Phyfician at Glafgo Andrew Stewart, Efq; John Stewart, Efq; Robert Stewart, Efq; Andrew Stone, Efq; Francis de Valangin, M. D. Alexander Udny, of that Ilk, Efq, Robert Udny, Efq, Henry UhthofT, Efq; Clotworthy Upton, Efq, W. The R,ght Honorable John, Earl of Weftmoreland Student of The Right Honorable John, Earl Waldegrave The Right Honorable Francis, Earl of Warwick The Right Honorable Hugh Lord Vifcount Warkwortk The Right Honorable John Lord Willoughby de Broke The Right Honorable Edward Lord Winterton The Honorable James Weymfs The Honorable Horace Walpolc Sir George Warren, Knight of the Bath William Wallace, jun. Efq, Advocate Major Genera] Watfon Lieutenant Colonel Watfon Sir John Webb, Bart. Richmond LIST OF S U Richmond Webb, Efq; Philip Carteret Webb, Efq; F. R. S. 2 Setts - Mr. William Webley Mr. Henry Webley, Bookfeller Alexander Wedderburn, Efq; Lieutenant Colonel David Wedderburn Edward Wefton, Efq; Thomas Whately, Efq; Mr. Edward Whatmore, of Salifbury Sir John Whitefoord, of Whitefoord, Baronet Sir John Whitefoord, of Blahan, Baronet Allan Whitefoord, of Ballomyle, Efq; Robert Whytt, M. D. Profeflbr of Medicine, in the Univerfity of Edinburgh, F. R. S. Ifrael Wilkes, Efq; F. R. S. BSCRIBERS. Sir Thomas Wilfon John Winter, Efq; Robert Wood, Efq; James Wright, Efq; Wynn, Efq; Mr. Samuel Wyatt John Wyndham Bowyer, Efq; Y: His Grace Robert, Lord Archbifhop of York The Honorable Sir Jofeph Yorkc, Knight of the Bath The Honorable Charles Yorke 2 Setts The Honorable John Yorke Captain Young, of the 33d. Regiment of Foot FOREIGN SUBSCRIBERS. Sua Altezza Reale L'Infante Duca di Parma, &c. Sua Altezza Screniflima Loredan il Doggio di Venezia, Sua Eccellenza il Signer* de Tilloe Miniftro del Duca di Parma La Libraria di San Marco di Venezia CircJamo Afcanio Guiftinian Nobile Veneto Cavalier delta Stola D'Oro cd Ambafciadore a Roma Andrea Querini Nobile Veneto e Senatorc Angelo Querini Nobile Veneto ed Avagador de Commun Vicenza di Riva Nobile Veneto e Senatore Polo Renier Nobile Veneto e Savio del Configlio Gio. Dom. Tiepolo Nob. Veneto ed Ambafciadore in Francia Filippo Farfetti Nobile Veneto II Sign. Conte Francefco Algarottti Ciamberlano di S. M. II Re di Pruffia, e Cavalier del Ordine del Merito II Sign. Conte Zanetti di VenezU II Sign. Conte Girolamo del Pozzo di Verona II Sign. Conte Alefsandro pompei II Sign. Conte Antonio Marcovich 11 Sign. Torclli da Verona II Sign. Capitano Pietro Craina 11 Sign. Gio. Bab. PiraneB Architetto Veneto F. S. A. in Londra II Sign. Antonio Zuechi pittore da Venezia 11 Sign. Davido FoiTati pittore da Venezia Monf. Le Norment, Fermeir General du Roy et Ad- miniftrateur General des porta de France Monf. Charles Louis Clerifleau Monf. Monginot de Verfailles Monf. du Vivier, Graveur des Medailles du Roy, a Paris Mr. John Enfchede, Letter Founder and Printer, at Haer- lem, in Holland. d THE INTRODUCTION. rp H E buildings of the Ancients are in Architecture, what the works of 1 Nature are with refpect to the other Arts ; they ferve as models which we Ihould imitate; and as ftandards by which we ought to judge : for this reafon, they who aim at eminence, either in the knowlege or in practice of Architecture, find it neceffary to view with their own eyes the works of the Ancients which remain, that they may catch from them thofe ideas of grandeur and beauty, which nothing, perhaps, but fuch an obfervation can fuggeft. Scarce any monuments now remain of Grecian or of Roman magnificence but public buildings. Temples, amphitheatres, and baths, are the only works which had grandeur and folidity enough to refill: the injuries of time, and to defy the violence of barbarians : the private but fplendid edifices in which the citizens of Athens and of Rome refided, have all perifhed ; few veftiges remain of thofe innumerable villas with which Italy was crowded, though in erecting and adorning them the Romans lavifhed the wealth and fpoils of the world. Some accidental allufions in the ancient poets, fome occafional defcriptions in their hiftorians, convey fuch ideas of the magnificence, both of their houfes in town and of their villas, as aftonifh an artift of the prefent age. The more accurate accounts of thefe buildings, which we find in Vitruvius and Pliny, confirm this idea, and convince us, that the moft admired efforts of modern Architecture, arc far inferior to thefe fuperb works, either in grandeur or in elegance. There is not any misfortune which an Architect is more apt to regret than the deftruction of thefe buildings, nor could any thing more fenfibly gratify his curiofity, or improve his tafte, than to have an opportunity of viewing the private edifices of the Ancients, and of collecting, from his own obfervation, fuch ideas concerning the dilpofition, the form, the ornaments, and ufes of the feveral apartments, as no defcription can fupply. This thought often occured to me during my refidence in Italy ; nor could I help confidering my knowlege of Architecture as imperfect, unlefs I fliould be able to add the obfervation of a private edifice of the Ancients to my ftudy B of a INTRODUCTION. of their public works. This led me to form the fcheme of vifiting the Ruins of the Emperor Dioclesian's Palace at Spalatro, in Dalmatia; that favorite building, in which, after refigning the empire, he chofe to refide. I knew, from the accounts of former travellers, that the remains of this palace, though tolerably entire, had never been obferved with any accuracy, or drawn with any tafte ; I was no ftranger to the paffion of that prince for Architecture, which prompted him to erect many grand and expenfive ftrudtures at Rome, Nicomedia, Milan, Palmyra, and other places in his dominions ; I had viewed his public baths at Rome, one of the nobleft, as well as moft entire, of all the ancient buildings, with no lefs admiration than care ; I was convinced, notwithftanding the vifible decline of Architecture, as well as of the other arts, before the reign of Dioclesian*, that his munificence had revived a tafte in Architecture fuperior to that of his own times, and had formed artifts capable of imitating, with no inconsiderable fuccefe, the ftile and manner of a purer age. The names and hiftory of thofe great matters are now unknown, but their works which remain, merit the higheft applaufe ; and the extent and fertility of their genius, feem to have equalled the magnificence of the monarch by whom they were employed. Induced by all thefe circumflances, I undertook my voyage to Dalmatia with the moft fanguine hopes, and flattered myfelf that it would be attended not only with inftruction to myfelf, but might produce entertainment to the public. Having prevailed on Mr. Cleriffeau, a French artift, from whofe tafte and knowlege of antiquities I was certain of receiving great afliftance in the execution of my fcheme, to accompany me in this expedition, and having engaged two draughtfmen, of whofe (kill and accuracy I had long experience, we fet fail from Venice on the nth of July, 1757, and on the 22d of that month arrived at Spalatro. This city, though of no great extent, is fo happily fituated, that it appears, when viewed from the fea, not only pidtorefque but magnificent. As we entered a grand bay, and failed flowly towards the harbour, the Marine Wall, * Dioclesian began his reign An. Dom. 284: He religned the empire in the year 304, and died in the year 313 ; having fpent the lad nine years of his life at Spalatro. and INTRODUCTION. 3 and long Arcades of the Palace, one of the ancient Temples, and other parts of that bmldmg which was the objeft of our voyage, prefented themfelves to our and nattered me , from this firft profpeft, that my labor in vifiting it would be amply rewarded. S To thefe Toothing expeflations of the pleafure of my talk, the certain nowlege of ,ts difficulty foon fucceeded. The inhabitants of Spal.ro have deftroyed fome parts of the palace, in order to procure materials for buildin. - an o th,s the, to,vn owes its name, which is evidently a corruption o Palanum. n other places ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ P modern worfcs are fo intermingled with the ancient, as to be fc rce y dilhnguima le: affiduity, however, and repeated obfervation) enabled ^ * e "ft d * T Pr ° Ceed,ng ln ^ "* «« * Tuccefs I could have exited, when I was lnterrupted by an Mforefeen ^Zztsr of SpaIatro ' unaccufwd to ruch * °* rem ft ra began tQ conceiye unfavorab[e J and to ufpea that under pretence of taking views and plans of L fX7 I commanding me to defift R 8 ° Vern ° r fCDt ° fficer chief of the" V % g ° ° rtUne GenerSl G ™™> C< ™ der in ftJce of r^ r 8 ' hap P £nedattl - ti - - be at SpaIatro on the ierv.ee of the State. He lnte rpofed in my behalf, with the humanity and zeal natural to a poke man, and to a lover of the Arts anrl h ' feconded by Count Antonio Marcovich a IT I S ^ ~ffl f , ■ marcovich, a native of that country, and an *cTo r : m ft d e ?? n fervice ' wh ° has ^ « f ^ - fuc efs to the ftudy of Annuities, they prevailed on the governor to withdraw his prohibition, though bv wav „f u g0Vem ° r to „ ffi a , 8 ' 7 37 ot Precaution, he appointed an lyLir vr endme - The far ° f a —p^" »^ l an ' , ^ T £aned aPPliCati ° n dUring ^ « Seated, «h a n ccurac y that afforded me great fatisfaSion, thofe parts of our work which it was neceflary to execute on the fpot. Encouraged 4 INTRODUCTION. Encouraged by the favorable reception which has been given of late to works of this kind, particularly to the Ruins "of Palmyra and Balbec, I nowprefent the fruits of my labor to the public. I am far from comparing my undertaking with that of Meffieurs Dawkins, Bouverie, and Wood, one of the moft fplendid and liberal that was ever attempted by private perfons. I was not, like thefe gentlemen, obliged to traverfe defarts, or to expofe myfelf to the infults of barbarians ; nor can the remains of a fingle Palace vie with thofe furprifing and almoft unknown monuments of fequeftered grandeur which they have brought to light; but at a time when the admiration of the Grecian and Roman Architeaure has rifen to fuch a height in Britain, as to banifti in a great meafure all fantaftic and frivolous taftes, and to make it neceffary for every Architeft to ftudy and to imitate the ancient manner, I flatter myfelf that this work, executed at confiderable expence, the effea of great labor and perfeverance, and which contains the only full and accurate Defigns that have hitherto been publifhed of any private Edifice of the Ancients, will be received with indulgence, and may, perhaps, be efteemed an acquifition of fome importance. DESCRi PTION OF THE GENERAL PLAN O F DIOCLESIAN's PALACE AS RESTORED, EXPLAINING of Ulyricum was dry and ferriU h u that P art Uncultivated. The ai " ^ * I C ° nfid£rabIe ° f ^ lie Mi - fummer months ,^ X ;^2\Ti eMy hot w-nds to which the coaft of I ftria , and ome 2ns f , " ^ *e care of the architect in obferving an J^J ^ ™ «P«*L By every inconvenience arifing f rom the lil 7 J""* * pnncip. ftreets or aperjes of £ ^JS^f ' ^ * t^, Ct- z fZT" " e M - di "«™ (0 Vitruvius, L.i. C. 4 and 6. L. «. C . fi D to C 6 ] to give this part of the fea the appearance of a great lake. On the North Weft lies the bay which led towards the ancient city of Salona, and the country beyond it appearing in fight, forms a proper contraft to that more extenfive profpeft of water which the Adriatic prefents both to the South and to the Eaft. Towards the North the view is terminated by high and irregular mountains, filiated at a proper diftance, and in many places covered with villages, woods, and vineyards. From this defcription, as well as from the views which I have publifhed, (Plates 3d and 4th) it is evident that no province in this wide-extended empire, could have afforded Dioclesian a more elegant place of retirement ; and the beauty of the fituation, no lefs than the circumftance of its being his native country, feems to have determined him to fix his refidence there. The only thing wanting at Spalatro was good water ; but this defeft was fupplied by an aqueduft from Salona, (Plate 61) feveral arches of which remain at prefent, and the conduit that formerly conveyed the water is ftill vifible. The palace itfelf was a work fo great, that the Emperor Conilantinus Porphyrogenitus, who had feen the mod fplendid buildings of the Ancients (1), affirms that no plan or defcription can convey a perfect idea of its magnificence. The vaft extent of ground which it occupied is furprifing at firft fight ; the dimenfions of one fide of the quadrangle, including the towers, being no lefs than 698 feet, and of the other 591 feet, making the fuperficial content 41 321 6 feet, being nearly nine and an half Englifh acres. But when we confider that it contained proper apartments not only for the Emperor himfelf, and for the numerous retinue of officers who attended his court, but likewife edifices and open fpaces for exercifes of different kinds ; that it was capable of lodging a pretorian cohort, and that two temples were erefted within its precinfts, we will not conclude the area to have been too large for fuch a variety of buildings. (1) Conft. Porphyrogenitus de Adminirtrando Imperii ad Romanum Filium. The E 7 1 The prefent ftate of this great ftruflure may be more perfectly conceived, by confidering the Plan of it, (Plate 5) than by any defcription whatever. The curiofity of the reader, however, will not be fatisfied with viewing this building in its prefent ruinous condition, but muft naturally defire to form fome idea of what was its plan and difpofition in its more perfect ftate. By good fortune its remains are, in many places, fo intire, as to be able to fix, with the utmoft certainty, the form and dimenfions of the'principal apartments. The knowlege of thefe, leads to the difcovery of the correfponding parts ; and the defcriptions given us by Pliny (1) and Vitruvius (2) of the Roman villas, enable us to affign to each apartment its proper name, and to difcover its ufe. The manners and domeftic life of the Ancients difFered fo widely from ours, that their ideas, with regard to what was necefTary or ornamental in a dwelling houfe muft likewile have been extremely different. The whole building was of a quadrangular form, (Plate 6) and was divided by two large ftreets, leading to the different gates, and croffing each other at right angles. The principal ftreet which we enter from the North, is 36 feet 3 inches in breadth : its length, from the infide of the gate to the place where it interfe&s the ftreet which runs from Eaft to Weft, is 238 feet J; inches; the breadth of the other ftreet is the fame, and it extends 424 feet 6 inches. Both of them are bounded on each fide by Arcades of 13 feet wide, many of which are ftill entire. The firft of thefe ftreets leads direclly to the Periftylium (A) a which was the name the Ancients gave to the area or court before their villas. From the Periftylium we afcend by a flight of fteps into the Porticus (B), which is of the Corinthian Order. From this there were doors to two winding ftairs, which led to the ground ftory, in order that the flaves might have accefs thither, without paffing through any of the apartments. (1) Plinius Junior, L. 2. Ep. 17 j 6c L. 5. Ep. 6. (2) Vitruvius, L. 6. E From [ s 3 From the Porticus we enter the Veftibulum (C) which was commonly of a circular form (i) ; and in this Palace it feems to have been lighted from the roof. It was a facred place, confecrated to the Gods, particularly to Vefta (2), (from whom it derived its name) to the Penates and Lares, and was adorned with niches and ftatues. Next to the Veftibulum is the Atrium (D), a fpacious apartment, which the Ancients confidered as eflential to every great houfe. As the Veftibulum was facred to the Gods, the Atrium was confecrated to their Anceftors, and adorned with their images, their arms, their trophies, and other enfigns of their military and civil honours (3). By this manner of diftributing thefe apartments, the Ancients feem to have had it in view to exprefs, firft of all reverence for the Gods, who had the infpeflion of domeftic life ; and in the next place, to teftify their refpe£t for thofe Anceftors to whofe virtues they were indebted for their grandeur. On each fide of the door into the Atrium, lie two fmall rooms, one of which may have been the Cella Oftiarii (E), or Porter's Lodge, which Vitruvius tells us was common in houfes of the Greeks, and was placed on one fide of that pafTage by them called Thyrorion : the other was probably what the Ancients named a Tablinum (F), which Pliny mentions as a repofitory for the archives and records of the family, containing the hiftory of the illuftrious aftions of their anceftors. (i) Leo. Bap. Albert!, L. 9. C. 3. (2) At Focus a flammis, et quod fovet omnia dictus Qui tamen in primis ^dibus ante fuit. Hinc quoque Veftibulum dici reor, Inde precando Dicimus, O Vefta qu ] The firft of thefe grand rooms is the Bafilica (K), which Vitruvius mentions as common in all great houfes, and direas that it mould be fpacious and magnificent in proportion to the dignity of the proprietor. Dioclesian's Architeft has been careful to obferve this precept ; the Bafilica here being fuch as fuited the magnificence of an Emperor. This apartment was alotted for dramatic performances, recitals, mufic, and fuch like entertainments, and was lighted from the roof. On the other fide of the Atrium, and correfponding to the Bafilica, is the Egyptian Hall (L), which, according to Vitruvius, was nearly of the fame form with the Bafilica, and feems to have been lighted much in the fame manner. Adjoining to this is the Corinthian Hall (M), with regard to which the Architea has obferved a rule of Vitruvius, by making the length of the room twice its breadth ; and it is highly probable that he has likewife followed his direaion, to light it from the North over the roofs of the Exedra; and Tetraftyle Halls, in the fame manner as we find it often praaifed in the Baths at Rome. Correfponding to the Corinthian Hall, and oppofite to it, is the Cyzicene Hall (N), which in every particular refembles the former. Thefe three halls, together with the Tetraftyles, or rooms of four columns (O), Vitruvius calls by the common name of Oeci. They were apartments for eating, and were generally of fuch a fize, as to hold two Triclinia, or tables, with three beds each. As the Oeci were employed in the fame manner with our modern dining rooms, the Exedrx (P) ferved for the fame ufes with our withdrawing rooms. They were intended chiefly for converfation. Cicero calls them Cells; ad Colloquendum : They were placed near to the eating rooms, and are here lighted from the North. Next to thefe we find the different apartments deftined for bathing; a praaice which the Ancients confidered as elfential to health; and with regard to all the apparatus neceffary for that purpofe, they difplayed not only great elegance, t « ] elegance, but the utmoft luxury. Here we firft enter an Apodyterium ( QJ, which was a room for undreffing, and fometimes contained a Callida Pifcina, or Lukewarm Bath (R), fo large as to allow of fwimming about in it. Next to this is the Cella Frigidaria (S), in which there was a Babtifterium, or Cold Bath. Adjoining to this is the Undtuarium (T), or Repofitory for Unguents, with which the Ancients anointed themfelves before their exercifes. From this we go into the Cella Tepedaria (U), or Cella Media, fo named from its middle degree of heat, and becaufe it was a neceffary preparation for the Laconicum, or Cella Caldaria (V), which was a bagnio for fweating in. All thefe different rooms in the Bathing Apartment were lighted from the roof. On the other fide of the Cella Media was a Spherifterium (W), a room alotted for the different exercifes of the ball : this too muft have been lighted from the roof. On the other fide was the Emperor's Cubiculum Dormitorium, or Bed Chamber (X), which lay extremely convenient for the Bathing Apartment, and feems to have been particularly contrived for excluding light and noife. Pliny mentions an invention of the fame kind in a bed chamber at his villa of Laurentinum. Adjoining to it, and towards the Crypto Porticus, was what I take to have been a private Cainatio (Y), or Supping Room. This enjoyed the benefit of the fetting fun, which for winter eating rooms Vitruvius recommends as requifite. On the other fide of the Cubiculum Dormitorium lie three rooms, two of which, upon the authority of Pliny, I name Procstones, or Anti- chambers (Z), and the other Cella Liberti (a), or Freedmans Room. Beyond the exterior Procajtori, and adjoining to the Arcade, are a number of vaults, which were probably employed as Cellx Servorum (b), or Cells for the Slaves ; though originally, and during the time that Dioclesian held the empire, they might be ufed for lodging the Pretorian Soldiers. In thofe Cellas which lie next to the walls of the Bathing Apartments, were the Hypocaufton (c) } the Propnygeon (d); the Milliarium (e) ; and Cells i G Lignarias ; Lignarise (f) ; which were the names that the Ancients gave to the places and machinery employed for heating their baths, and other apartments. For it is obfervable, that during all my refearches among the ruins of this fabrick, I could not perceive the fmalleft veftige of a fire place. Though this was a circumftance to which I attended with particular care (i), fire places however the Ancients undoubtedly had, as Vitruvius mentions them, and directs the cornices of thofe rooms in which they were ufed, to be puras or unenriched, that the dirtinefs contracted by the fmoke might be the more ealily wiped off. There are many paflages in the Roman authors (2) which prove that they ufed chimnies in their different apartments ; and Palladio(3) and Barbaro affure us that, in their time, there were ftill to be feen the remains of fire places, with vents for carrying off the fmoke, in three different parts of Italy : but at the fame time it is no lefs evident, that the moft common method of warming their rooms, efpecially in the houfes of perfons of diftindfion, was by conveying hot air to them through pipes fixed in the walls (4). In Pliny's defcription of his fummer villa at Tufcum, he mentions a large Cubiculum, which in hot weather was fufficiently warmed by the fun, and when the weather was cloudy, it received a fupply of warm air from the Hypocaufton : And in his letter concerning his winter villa at Laurentinum, he exprefsly takes notice of his bedchamber being warmed by hot air, which, without doubt, was alfo conveyed from the Hypocaufton. In the days of Vitruvius, chimnies feem to have ( 1) In one of the higheft walls of that building marked K, which I call the Gynecum, or apartments for matrons and young women, I difcovered a chimney, which at firft fight I took to be Ancient ; but upon a nearer infpecYlon, I found the conftmction to be undoubtedly of a later date, with a modern flue formed in the ancient wall. (2) Diflblve frigus Ligns fuper foco Large reponens. Hoe. L; i. Carmen 9. Nifi nos Vecina Trivici Villa recipifler, Lacrimofo non fine fumo ; Udos cum foliis ramos urente Camino. HoR; L, I. Sat. 5. ' (3) Palladio, L. 1. C. 27. Barbara's Comment on his Italian Tranflation of Vit. L. 6. C. 10. (4) Seneca tells us, Epift, 90. Ter impreflbs Parietibus Tubus Der quos ckcumfundiretur Calor, qui ima fimul et fumma fcriret equaliter. been [ «3 3 been more common, but it is probable that as the paffion for pomp, and the love of expence in building increafed, the ufe of funnels in conveying and diftributing hot air, might be gradually introduced, and the Romans might come to prefer this method, which had all the advantages of fire, without being fubjeft to any of its inconveniencies. The ufe of hot baths, which became more frequent after the age of Vitruvius, contributed not a little to fpread the fafhion of warming the different apartments by means of flues. The Baths, the Dormitorium, the Spheriftorium, and other apartments which I have juft now defcribed, lie all in the weft end of the Palace. There are not now any remains of the eaftern part of the Imperial apartments beyond the Egyptian and Corinthian Halls. But as there is an exact uniformity in thofe rooms on each fide of the Atrium, fo far as they remain, I thought it moft eligible not to indulge my fancy in forming any new conjecture, but fimply to repeat the fame diftribution on this as on the other fide; efpecially as a feparate bathing apartment for the women, feems neceffary to compleat the conveniency and elegance of this building. The Pinacotheca, or Room for Pictures, and the Bibliotheca, or Library, are apartments which Vitruvius mentions as common in all the great houfes of the Romans : It would therefore furprife the reader, mould he find no fuch rooms in the Palace of an Emperor, who was fo remarkable for his love of the Fine Arts. But if we confider that noble Porticus or Gallery, which ftretches along three fides of this building above the CelLe Servorum and Arcades, extending no lefs than 1212 feet in length, and 31 feet in breadth, it is' evident that fufficient fpace was left for apartments confecrated to thofe elegant Arts, of which Dioclesian was fo great an admirer. Towards the Eaft (as we learn from Vitruvius) was the proper fituation for the Bibliotheca; towards the North was the expofure moft approved of for Pictures; and the Weft fide may have been referved for an Horreum, a room which Pliny mentions as a repofitory for ftatues, bas reliefs, and other curious produaions of art. This gallery was divided by the three gates to the palace, and by the flairs on each fide of them; but I found the communication had been [ 14 3 been preferred by paffages formed in the thicknefs of the wails over the gates, as may be feen by the general fe&ions. I come now to the Temples, which are placed in two areas adjoining to the palace, and are feen on each fide of the Periftylium, through its rows of granite columns. Such attention to the honor and worfhip of the Gods, is fuitable to the charafter which is given of Dioclesian by ancient authors. The fquare Temple (g), which was fituated on the weft of the Periftylium, was dedicated to iEfculapius (i). If we defcribe it according to the terms of ancient Architefture, it was Proftylos, Tetraftylos, and its intercolumnations were fomething more than Syftylos ; that is to fay, the columns are all on one principal [front ; there are four of them on that front, and the intercolum- nations are about two and a fifth diameters. The afcent to it was by a ftair of fifteen fteps, an uneven number being generally ufed in the Temples •of the Ancients, that beginning to move with the right foot, they might of .courfe place it firft upon the uppermoft ftep, in order to enter the Temple, a form which they accounted refpeaful in approaching a Deity (2). This Temple, like many other of the ancient ones, received no light but by the door. Beneath it are vaults of great ftrength ; its roof is an arch adorned with funk pannels of beautiful workmanfhip, and its walls are of a remark- able thicknefs. The Ancients were extremely felicitous to render their religious edifices as durable as poffible, and the effeas of this attention are now vifible. This Temple ftill remains almoft entire, and is at prefent employed by the Spalatrines as a Baptiftery. (,) Petms Nicolinus, whofe Manufcrip. is frequently cited by Farlatus, tells us: Tertian, quoddam fanum Bafflic*, e regione objacet ab occidente, quondam /Efculapio factum, Sacelli forma quadrata eft, uno Cornice Lapideo cb.ege.ur mira Arte Catoo, to. J. S. Tom. .. p. 489. The hiftory of Salon, b, Archidioomus, is dfe ctted b 7 Farlatus to the fame purpofe. tz) Vitruvius, L. 3. C. 3. Alberti, L. 1. C 13: On On the other fide of the Periftylium ftahds the (^agonal Temple (h) ded 1C ated to Jupiter (i), who was worshipped by Dioclesian with peculiar ver,erat.on, and in honor of whom he aflumed the firname of Jovius. This Temple is of that kind, which Vitruvius calls Perypteros, i. e. furrounded w.th one row of columns, having an intercolumnation or fpace between them and the wall. Its intercclumnations are more than Areoftyles, i. e. upwards of four diameters. It is lighted by an arched window over the door, and is vaulted beneath like that of ^fculapius. The dome over it is of bricks conftrufled in a very lingular and ingenious manner, which, together with its walls, are of fuch folidity as to have refitted, almoft unhurt, °the injuries of fo many ages ; and I have even obferved feveral of the tyles upon the roof flill diftindtly imprefled with the Roman ftamp, S. P. R. ft j s at prefen£ the Cathedral Church of Spalatro, and is confecrated to the Virgin Mary, and St. Domnius. This Temple is fituated nearer to the Periftylium than the other ; the reafon of which feems to have been in order to gain fpace behind it for a Sacellum (i), where facrifices might be offered on an altar looking towards the Eaft, which, according to Vitruvius, was a circumftance not to be difpenfed with. The common opinion at Spalatro, which has been received without exami- nation by feveral travellers, is, that there were four Temples within the precinas of the Palace. That apartment which for many reafons I have con- fidered as the Veftibulum of the Palace, has hitherto been taken for one of thefe Temples. Of the fourth no veftige whatever is to be found, though I fearched for it with great care. Were the controverfy of much importance, it might eafily be Ihewn, that there is no good authority for fuppofing there were formerly four Temples ; but that in all probability none ever belonged to this Palace but the two which now remain. (.) From Farlatus we have t hefe words of Petrus Nicolinus, relating to this Temp.e , Ojaod autem fcripfi, piatina, ' f. C ' S r &nUm 10,156 ** 1 V-M * ™™ W ***** cfl. poteft, qo i„ vetus et profana fiperibt.o ulud Jov, dedicaverit. Jovis fimulachrum aro d inibi collebatur adhuc exta,, Vitaroue in Mu&o gentis CSpelte, inter Patricias Venetorum familias And,*, et Confpicus. J. S. Tom. ,. p. 4 8 9 . I In E 16 ] In the defcription of this edifice, no mention has been made of a Culina, or kitchen of the Cellarke, Apothecce, and other offices which muft neceflarily have belonged to fuch a building. Thefe, without doubt, were in proportion to the other parts of fo great a work, and muft have been placed in the half funk or vaulted ftory. Part of thefe vaults now remain entire, and at prefent are ufed by the merchants for warehoufes. They lie all along that fide of the Palace next to the fea, and under the Crypto Porticus. There is alfo another vault which runs from South to North, under the Atrium, Veftibu- lum, and Porticus, which appears to have been a common entry to all the under-ground offices. Thefe have been partly deftroyed, and partly filled up ; infomuch that without great labor and expence in digging, it was not poffible exaftly to difcover their difpofition, or to form any plaufible conjure con- cerning their different ufes. I attempted, however, at different times, to dig in various quarters of the Palace, and very probably might have made fome ufeful difcoveries, had not the repeated alarms and complaints of the inhabi- tants prevailed upon the Governor to fend me the mod pofitive orders to defift. I was therefore obliged, though with regret, to obey, and haftened to finiffi what remained uncompleated above ground, left frefti fufpicions ffiould have prevented me from proceeding with that more eflential part of my work. All the buildings which we have hitherto furveyed, lie on the South fide of that ftreet which runs from the Eaft to the Weft Gate. On the North of that ftreet were fituated two buildings (k) and (1), not much inferior in extent, nor probably in magnificence, to thofe we have already defcribed : but by the injuries of time, and the depredations of the Spalatrines, thefe ftruaures are reduced to a very ruinous condition ; and though fome walls ftffl remain, which fix the form and dimenfions of a few apartments, and fhow that they con- fided of two ftories, yet we have little to guide us in judging with regard to the arrangement and difpofition of the whole. I have ventured, however, to form a plan of thefe buildings, by obferving as carefully as poffible fuch traces of the ancient divifions as are ftill vifible. This I lay before the reader, who * muft reft fatisfied with conjeaure, where certainty cannot be attained. I fuppofe one of thefe builings (k) to have been a Gynxceum, or an apartment r allotted C *7 3 allotted by the Ancients for the matrons and young women, and the other (I) I call the Aulicorum ^Edes, or apartments for the different attendants on a court. The Jefuit Farlatus mentions fuch apartments as conftituting part of this Palace; as alio a Domus Uxoris (1), or apartment for the Emprefs ; which laft I have already placed in the eaft end of the Palace, correfponding to that of the Emperor. The Towers are the only part of the Palace of which we have not taken a view. There are fixteen in all round this building, one on each angle, and four on each fide, except on that towards the Adriatic. Thefe Towers feem to have been intended for ornament, rather than for defence ; it being impof • fible that a ftruflure of this kind could ever be defigned for a place of ftrength. We learn from Pliny, that towers were no uncommon ornament even in the villas of private perfons. There were two of them in his villa at Laurentinum ; and in them he places not only fleeping apartments, but a Casnatio, and Triclinium, a Horreum, and Apotheca. Here they might have been employed partly for the fame, or perhaps for feveral other purpofes. Joannes Tomcus Marnovitius, an author whofe words are produced by Far- latus (2), afliires us, that in one of thefe Towers towards the South, was the burial-place of Dioclesian, and that about two centuries ago, the body of the Emperor had been difcovered there. He is even fo minute as to defcribe the Porphyry Sarcophagus in which his remains were contained. If we may credit this authority, it appears that Dioclesian chofe to have his allies depofited in the fame favorite fpot where he fixed his refidence during the latter part of his life. (1) Hie fuse Aulicis sedes, et domus Uxori ; et Matronis puellifque fuum conclave, five Gynasceum. Myricura Sacrum, Tom. 2. p. 397. (2) Illyricum Sacrum, Tom. 2. p. 414; K EXPLANATION EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. WITH .Occafianal Remarks on the Style of the Architefture. Throughout this Work, all the Geometrical Plans, E leva TI0NS , and Sec TI o NS , are figured in Englifh Feet and Inches. The Detail of the particular Orders and other Parts of the Buildings, are figured in Modules an-d Minutes j with . Scale of Feet and Inches annexed to each Plate. PLATE RONTISPIECE. F PLATE II. General Plan of the Town and Fortifications of Spalatro, (hewing the Situation of the Ancient Palace of the Emperor Dioclesian; alfo the great Bay and Harbour, the Lazaretto j the Mountain Margliano, the Fort of Grippe, the Suburbs, and the adjacent Grounds. A. The Great Bay. p „. , „ „ „ . B ThcP «zza,or Market Place of the prefent Town- H. The Harbour. „ . ■ r * „ . _ _ . . , . the Houfa of which are reprefcnted by fingle C. Different Conrts of the Lazaretto, in which the Pe 0 : Lines, Doth within ^ ^ ^ ^ j pie trading fron, Turky perform Qnarantine, and F. For,incation S ;round the Town, builtduring the War where the Goods are purified. of c an j; a D. The Palace of Dioclesian, which is fhaded darker G. The Fort of Grippe. than the Modern Buildings. H T . „ , . „ , ' s «. lhe Suburb called the Borga Luciaz. I. The [ 20 ] I. The Suburb called the Borgi Manus: K. The Suburb called the Borg.i i 1 i Pozzo Bon, or Dobri. L. The Suburb called the Borga Grande. M. The Mountain Margliano, upon the Summit of which the Jews have their Burying Ground. N. A ruinous Fortification called Forte Botecelle. N. B. At the Top of this Plate are introduced fome Parts of the Ancient Buildings of the Palace in Perfpeclive. PLATE III. View of the Town of Spalatro from the Eaft. A. The Temple of Jupiter, now the Cathedral Church; B, A Modern Spire, built upon the Landing of the Stairs to the Temple of Jupiter, moftly compofed of Fragments of Marble brought from Salona, and of Columns of Granite and other Materials, taken from the Palace. It now ferves as a Stee- ple to the Cathedral Church. C C. Antient Walls of the Palace. DDD. Modern Fortifications. EE. The Bay of Salona, which runs up into the Country three Miles, behind the Mountain Mar- gliano. F. Lazaretto. G. The Harbour. H. Point of Land which forms the Weft Side of the Great Bay of Spalatro. I. The Mountain Margliana. KKKK, Iflands in the Adriatic belonging to the Vene- tians. L. The Ifthmus of Trau, anciently Tragurium, three Leagues from Spalatro ; from which Place the Stones were brought to build the Walls of Dio- clesian's Palace. Thefe Quarries ft II I remain open, and in them the People of Trau find Stones of the fame Quality with thofe of which many Parts of the Palace are constructed. PLATE IV. View of the Town of Spalatro from the South Weft. A. Temple of Jupiter. B. Steeple of the Cathedral Church. C. A Tower, formerly ufed as a Powder Magazine.' DDD, Modern Fortifications. E. Wall of the Crypto Porticus, or Front of the Palace towards the Sea, F F. Ancient Towers at each End of the Crypto Por- ticus. G. The Lazaretto. H. The Harbour. 1 1. Mills for making of Oil.' K. Part of a Monaftery. PLATE V. General Plan of the Palace as it now remains. Although in this Plate the Parts fhaded with a dark Co- lour are what alone appear now above Ground, yet I have ventured to call this a Plan of the Pa- lace as it remains ; the Parts fupplied in a lighter Colour being traced with the greateft Certainty, either from the Foundations, or formed by joining the Lines of the correfponding Walls. A. The North or principal Gate, called Ml by it* ancient Name, Porta Aurea. B. The Street leading to the Emperor's Apartments. C. The C i* C. The Weft Gate, called Porta Ferrea, D. The Eaft Gate, called Porta jEnea. E. Street running from the Eat! to the Weft Gate. F. The Piazza, or Court of the Palace. G. The Temple of Jupiter, now the Cathedral Church, confecratcd to the Virgin Mary and St. Domnius. H. The Temples of ./Efculapius, now the Baptiftery, coufecrated to St. John the Baptift, I. The Veftibule of the Palace. K. Other Apartments of the Palace. L. Bathing Apartments, &c. M. Square and Odtagon Towers. N. Gallery to the South, or Crypto Porticus. P L A General Plan of The Defcription of the general Plan, explaining the Manner of difpofing the Apartments in the Houfcs of the Ancients, refers to this Plate. A. Periftylium, or Fore Court. B. Porticus, or Portico. C. Veftibulum, or Veftibule. D. Atrium, or Great Hall. E. Cella Oftiarii, or Porters Lodge. F. Tablinum, or Repofitory for Records, G. Crypto Porticus, or Gallery for Exercifcs and Walk- ing. H H. Alse Atrii, or Wings of the Hall. 1 1. Andrones, aut Mefaula?, or Paifages of Commu- nication, and for preventing Noife. K. Bafilica, or Room for Theatrical and Mufical En- tertainments. L. OEcos, aut Triclinium Egyptium, or Egyptian Hall. M. OEcos, aut Triclinium Corinthium, or Corinthian Hall. N. OEcos, aut Triclinium Cyzicenum, or Cyzicene Hall. O. OEci, aut Triclinia Tetraftyla, or Rooms of four Columns. P. Exedrai, or Rooms for Converfation. Q^Apodyterium, or a DrelTing and Undreffing Room. R. Calida Pifcina, or Lukewarm Bath. S. Cella Frigidaria cum Baptifterio, or Room containing a Cold Bath. T. Unftuarium, or Repofitory for Unguents. M ] O. Vaulted Cells round the exterior Walls of the Pa- lace. P. A detached Building much ruined. Another detached Building. R. Streets of Communication within the Palace. S. Covered Arcades on each Side of the principal Streets, T. Open Courts. N. B. As the Explanation of Plate VI. defcribes very fully the Names and Ufes of the different Apartments of the Palace, to avoid Repetition, I have here referred by Letters only to the prin- cipal Parts of this Plan. E VI. the Palace reftored. U. Cella Tepidaria, feu Cella Media, or Room of mo- derate Heat. V. Laconicum feu Cella Caldaria, or a Sweating Room or Bagnio. W. Spherifterium feu Coriceum, or Room for Exercife of the Ball, &c. X. Cubiculum Dormitorium Diocietiani, or Dio* clesian's Bed-Chamber. Y. Cenatio, or Supping Room. r Zj. Procietanes, or Anti-Chambers. a. Cella Liberti, or Freedmans Room. b. Cella Servorum, or Slaves Rooms. c. Hypocaufton, or Furnace. d. Propnygeon aut Prafurnium, or Room before die Furnace. e. Milliarium, or Spiral Pipe of Copper for heating Wa- ter for the Hot Bath. f. Cella Lignarix, or Vaults for Wood. g. Templum ^Eculapii, or Temple of ^Eculapius. h. Templum Jovis, or Temple of Jupiter. i. Sacellura et Ara, or Chapel and Altar, k. Gynecium, eft Textrinum, feu Conclave, or Apart- ments for Matrons and Young Women. 1. Aulicorum /Edes, or Apartments for Courtiers, m. Porta Aurea, or Golden Gate, n. Porta Ferrea, or Iron Gate, o. Porta JEnea, or Brazen Gate. N. B. I have explained this Plate not only by the Terms ufed amongft the Ancients, but likewife by a Tranflation, fuch as they would admit of. PLATE C » ] PLATE VII. View of the Crypto Porticus, or Front towards the Harbour. A. Ancient Wall of the Palace.' B. Motets Wall built upon the Ancient Arcade; many q£ the Arches are likewifc filled up with Modern Work. C. Modern Houfes built againft the Wall of the Palace; D. Part of the Harbour. E. Part of the Town of Spalatro: PLATE VIII. Geometrical Elevation of the Crypto Porticus, or South Wall of the Palace ; and the Elevation of the fame Wall as it now remains. In this Plate I have given the Ancient Wall of the Crypto Porticus in its prefent State, to mew my Authority for the Reftored Elevation. The Center Part over the Door into the Vaulted Story, is now entirely dedroycd ; which I have fupplied, by following the Style of the two End Windows next the Towers, and from the Por- ticus to the Veftibulum (Vide Plate XXI.) In Imitation of which I have put a Triangular Pe- diment, as I think it extremely probable the Ar- chitect: to this Palace would chufe to diftinguifh the Center of fo long a Building, and the Va- cuity anfwers precifely to this Decoration. The Whole of the Arcade and Bafement Story of this Front, are built of the beautiful Free-ftone from Tragurium, which appears little inferior to Marble. The Columns of the two End Win- dows are of Granite. PLATE IX. Elevation and Profile of one Arch of the Crypto Porticus. A. Elevation of the Arch. B, Profile of the fame: The Columns which divide the Arches, project one Half of their Diameter, and are of an un- common Kind ; they approach moll to the Doric, both in their Mouldings and Proportions, being exactly Eight Diameters of the Column in Height. No Signs remain of there hav- ing been any Enrichments upon the Vafe of the Capitals, which, from the Fillet of the Cavetto at Top, to the Collorino, is one Diameter of the Column. The String at the Bottom, which breaks like a Confole under each Column runs all along from Tower to Tower. The Dentil Cornice, with two plain Fafcias under it, feems to have been kept fimple, to correfpond with the general State of the Order ; and the Whole is far from having a bad Effect. PLATE C 23 ] PLATE X. Geometrical Elevation of the Porta JEnea, or Eaft Wall of the Palace. A. Porta JEnez. C. Square Towers of the Palace. B B. Octagon Towers on each Side of the Gate. Elevation of the fame as it now remains. D. Modern Building, where the Ancient Wall is de- ftroyed. E. Square Tower, which had been greatly decayed, and afterwards repaired in this Form. Although but little of the Ancient Porta jEnea re- mains, by which I could form a proper Conjec- ture of its ancient State, yet I was enabled to make out the Whole from the Remains of the Porta Ferrea on the Well Side of the Palace (tee Plate XVII.), which is almoft perfectly entire, and feeras to be precifely fimilar to this Gate in thofe Parts that ftill remain. plate xr. Geometrical Elevation of the Porta Aurea, or North Wall of the Palace. Elevation of the fame Wall as it now remains. PLATE XII. View of the Porta Aurea. A. Gate and Arch now built up by the Spalatrines. D. Part of one of the Octagon Towers. B. Granite Columns fupported by Confolcs, (fee Plates E, Windows which give Light to a Nunnery, of which XV. and XVI.) this Gate now forms one of the Walls. C. Niches for Statues. PLATE XIII. Geometrical Elevation of the Porta Aurea and O&agon Towers. A. The principal Gate, divided from a Semicular Opening over it, by a flat Arch of a particular Conflruction, which remains perfectly entire. B. Octagon Tower on the Eaft Side of the Gate, fbewmg the Qutfide Wall. " C. Octagon Tower on the Weft Side of the Gate, fliewing Part of the Infide Wall, with the Doors from the Ground Story and Gallery above, and the TruiTes for carrying the Timbers of the Floor and Roof. This Gate is more ornamented than the other Gates of the Palace, it being the principal Entry to the Emperor's Apartment, and fronting the Porticus of the Veftibulum. The lower Niches on J [ 24 ] on each Side of the Care, as well as the Arch over it, incroach too much upon the fuperior Or- der, and do not fecm to add to the Beauty of the Building, either by their Form or Situation. It is not my Part to enquire into the Reafons that might induce Diocxesian's Architect to make this Difpolition, which appears to me much inferior to many other Parts of the Build- ing. PLATE XIV. Impofl: Cornice and Archivolt of the Porta Aurea. A. Part of the Import: Cornice. B. Part of the Archivolt. C. Confole and Part of the CM of the Niches of the Porta Aurca. PLATE xv. Confoles which fupport the Columns of the Porta Aurea. A. Fronts of the Confoles. B. Profils of the Confoles. PLATE XVI. Import and Archivolt of the Upper Niches of the Porta Aurea. A, Import. C, One of the Confoles in Perfpective, B. Junction of Part of two Archivolts. PLATE XVII. View of the Porta Ferrea. A. The Porta Ferrea, or Iron Gate. D. Court of Juflice. B. One of the Ancient Octagonal Towers. E. The Piazza, or Market-Place of the prefent Towrr C. Guard-Room formed of Antique Columns, and other Fragments of Marble taken from the Palace. PLATE XVIII. General Section of the Palace from South to North. A. Octagon Tower of the Porta Aurea. B. The Porta Aurea. C C. Exterior Wall of the Palace. D D. Apartments for Courtiers. E. Porta jEnea. F. Temple of Jupiter. G, Periftylhim V C *s ] G. Periftylium, or Fore Court of the Palace. H. The Porticus of the Veftibulum. I. The Veftibulum. K. Part of the Walls of the Emperor's Apartments. L. The Crypto Porticus. M. Square Tower at one End of the Crypto Porticus." N N. Vaulted Story under the Apartments of the Em- peror. PLATE XIX. General Se&ion of the Palace from Eaft to Weft. A. Octagon Tower of the Porta j"£nea, B. Porta jiSnea. C C C. Exteiior Wall of the Crypto Porticus.' D. Infioe of the Temple of Jupiter. E. Vault under the Temple. F F. Remaining Walls of the Exedra?. G. Porticus and Veftibulum of the Palace. H. Temple of /Efculapius. I, Vaults under the Temple. K. K. Gates to the Streets of Communication within the Palace. L. Porta Ferrea. M. Octagon Tower of the Porta Ferrea. NNNN. Paffages in the Walls of the Gateways which communicate with the Galleries round three Sides of the Palace. PLATE XX. View of the Periftylium of the Palace. A. Front of the Veftibulum. B. Part of the Spire of the Cathedral Church. C C. Collonades on each Side of the Periftylium. D. Part of the Temple of Jupiter. E. Gothic Sepulchre. F. Marble Lattice andfently placed between the Columns of the Periftylium, dividing it from the Courts of the Temples. G G. Two modern Chapels built within the Porticus of the Veftibulum. H. Sphynx formerly placed within the Temple of Ju- piter. 1 1. Arches of the Covered Arcades of the Street from the Eaft to the Weft Gate, now converted into Shops: In the principal Front of Dioclesian's Baths at Rome, publifhed from the Drawings of Palla- dio by Lord Burlington, there is an Arcade, fupported by Columns, with Archivolts from Column to Column, exactly fimilar to thofe of the Periftylium of this Palace. As that Part of thefe Baths have been deftroyed fince Palladio's Time, I am obliged to quote his Authority, in- ftead of appealing to the Original itfelf. PLATE XXI. Elevation of the Portico to the Veftibulum. The Corinthian Columns of this Porticus, as well two Center Columns of the Porticus is fomewhat as thofe on both Sides of the Periftylium, are of lingular, though we find almoft a fimilar In- Oriental Granite, and the Entablatures and Ca- fiance in Mr. Wood's B alb EC, Plate VII. This pitals of Statuary Marble. The Arch over the Form may be liable to Objection, as deviating 0 from [ 26 ] from the pure Simplicity of the Ancients , yet Time, hare adopted the Modem Venetian WW ^appears to have been f,on, taething of this dow, which bears a great Refemblance ,0 this Kind that Palladio, and other Archiufts of his Porticus of DloculaM ; Palac£ . PLATE XXII. Order of the Portico to the Veftibulum, in the Periftylium. PLATE xxnr. View of the Infide of the Veftibulum. A. Door from the Portions. .Ub of thofc of Caracalla, where U,=re ftffl B. Par. of the Arch of the Vaulted Story. remain fome p arts ^ u ^ ^ ^ C. A Modern Building within the Veftibulum. Domc is alfo Ardled ^ ^ ^ & mnch The Infide of the Veffibulum was built of Brick, decayed that i, is n0 , now poffible t0 duW and covered over with a hard Cement for re- i„ what Manner it has been adorned. ceiving an Incrufta.ion of Marble, in the fame The Architraves, Frifes, and Cornices are all of Manner as the Walls of fome of the Apartments White Marble. in the Baths of this Emperor at Rome; and PLATE XXIV. »• ' "■•'HI Door of the Veftibulum. PLATE XXV. Part of the Door of the Veftibulum to a larger Scale. PLATE xxvr. Plan of the Temple of Jupiter. A; Circular Niches of the Temple. D. Door of the Temple. B. Square Niches. K Covered Cohonade roturi the Temple' C. Stairs of the Temple: ■ — * PLATE XXVIL Side View of the Temple of Jupiter. A; Pedeftal which fupports the Columns round the B. Columns of Granite as they Sow remain.' Temple. C C. Part of the Entablature over the Columns; D. Wall C *7 3 D, Wall of the Temple. E. Firft Story of the Spire built upon the Landing of the Stairs, PLATE XXVIII. View of the Entry to the Temple of Jupiter. A. Door of the Temple, (fee Plates XXXI. and XXXII.) D. Arch which fupports the Modern Spire. B. Columns that go round the Outfide of the Temple. E. Gothic Sepulchre. C. Part of the Entablature and Soffit of the Colonade. F F. Ancient Sarcophagi. PLATE XXIX. Geometrical Elevation of the Temple of Jupiter. A. The Stairs. B. Door of the Temple, C. Arched Window. It is extremely probable that the Arched Window to this Temple has bsen opened fince the Time of Dioclesian, Light being feldom admitted, (except by the Door) into the Temples of the Ancients. The Construction of the Arch itfelf appeared to me more modern than the other Parts of the Temple, and Teems greatly to ftrengthen this Conjecture. In reftoring this Temple, I have placed a Statue over each Column, as I found by the Cramps that remain in the Plinth over the Entablature, that it had been originally decorated in that Man- ner, though now there are none of the Figures remaining. The Grandeur of the Collonade, which is Areoftylos, is in fome Degree impaired by the double Pedeftal, which goes round the Temple ; I fhould have fufpeded that Neceffity had obliged Dioclesian's Architect to ufe this Method of adding Height to Columns which the Emperor had commiffioned from Greece, or perhaps tranfported from Italy. But upon exa- mining that Building in Palmyra, Plate XLV. which, from the Latin Infcription, is thought to be the Work of Dioclesian, I find that the Ar- chitect ufes a double Pedeftal to tbeColumns there, exactly in the fame Manner as in this Temple. Nor is it lefs remarkable, that at both Places the Frifes over the Doors are often left out; and in fome of the Entablatures the Architraves are fo broad, as almoft to equal the Height of both Frife and Cornice. Befides thefe Circumstances there is fo great a Similarity in fome of the Mem- bets and Enrichments of both thefe Buildings, that it ferves, in my Opinion, as an additional Proof of the Juftice of Mr. Wood's Hypothecs in afcribing that Temple to our Emperor. Having made particular Mention of the Roof of this Temple in the Defcription of the General Plan, (Page 15) I fliall only obferve, that the Form of a pointed Roof in Temples of this Kind, is uncom- mon in the ancient Buildings of the Romans, as the Flat Dome feemstohave been their more fa- vorite Form : But having found the Roman Stamp upon the Tyles that dill cover it, there was no Room left to doubt its Antiquity. The Stairs to the Temple feem to me very defective, by being fo much confined be- tween the large Pedaftals on each Side. Had they extended the whole Width of the four Co- lumns in Front, it would undoubtedly have add- ed greatly to the magnificence of the Building. The Walls and Pedeftal of the Temple are of Stone from Tragurium ; the Columns of Gra- nite; the Capitals and Entablature of White Marble. p PLATE C 3 PLATE XXX. Exterior Order of the Temple of Jupiter. PLATE XXXI. Door of the Temple of Jupiter. PLATE XXXII. Part of the Door of the Temple to a larger Scale. The Drelfing of this Door, though uncommon, has a bold and pleating Effefl:. The Ornament upon the Swelling Moulding is of very fine Workmanlhip. The Modillions in the Cornice are not perpendicular over the TrufTes, and of- fend the Eye greatly. The Angular Modillion, which is to be found in many Parts of this Pa- lace, as well as in other Buildings of the An- cients, fecms in this Door to be no additional Ornament. PLATE XXXIII. View of the Infide of the Temple of Jupiter. A. Door of the Temple. B. Window over it. C. One of the Circular Niches. D. One of the Square Niches. PLATE XXXIV. Geometrical Se&ion of the Temple of Jupiter. A. Infide of the Dome, fhewing the Confirmation of the Brickwork. B. Entablature of the Second Order, (fee Plate XXXVI.) C. A Frife which goes round the Temple, (fee Plates XXXVIII. and XXXIX.) D. Entablature of the Firft Order, (fee Plate XXXV.) E. Impoft Cornice of the Niches, (fee Plate XXXVII.) F. Door of the Temple. G. Arched Window over the Door. H. Section through the Portico to the Temple. I. Pedeftal and Section of the Stairs to the Temple. K. Section through the Collonade which furrounds the Temple. The J The Shafts of the Columns cf the Firft or Corin- thian Order within the Temple, are of Oriental Granite of one Stone. The Capitals and Bafes of the Columns, and all the Entablature, are of Parian Marble. Behind the Corinthian Capitals of the Columns, there are Pilafter Capitals, with a very fmall Projection, of the fame Marble with the Capitals of the Columns : But no Pi- lafter is carried down, nor no Bafe fhewn, which, however dcfe&ive it may have been, makes me think that nothing more than the Capitals was ever intended. The Shafts of the Columns of the fecond Order, which is Compofite, are altern:.'.oly of Verde Antique, or Ancient Green Marble, and Por- phyry, of one Piece. The Capitals and Enta- blature are alfo of Parian Marble. Behind each Column in ihe Second Order is a Pilafter, which projects One Fourth of its Diameter. The Shafts of thefe Pikfters are of the fame Stone as the Walls of the Temple, and worked folid with the Wall ; but the Capitals are of the fame Marble with that of the Columns. It is very remarkable that this Order had no Bafes, either to the Columns or Pilafters, like the Grecian Doric; and the Height of the Column and Ca- pital does not exceed Seven Diameters, which is three Diameters lefs than is allowed to this Order in moft of the other Works of the Ancients. PLATE XXXV. Firft Interior Order of the Temple of Jupiter. PLATE XXXVI. Second Interior Order of the Temple of Jupiter. PLATE XXXVII. A, Outfide Entablature at the Top of the Temple of B. Import and Archlvolt of the Interior Niches; Bas Relief which forms a Frife in the Infide of the Temple of Jupiter. PLATE XXXIX. Other Bas Reliefs, being Part of the fame Frife. Jupiter. PLATE XXXVIII. PLATE C 30 ] PLATE XL. Plan of the Temple of iEfculapius. A. The Body of the Cell of the Temple. C. The Portico. B. The Door. D . The Stairs part i y un( j e r Ground. PLATE XLL View of the Temple of iEfculapius. A. The Back Wall of the Pediment. B. Architrave that wont round ihe Infide of the Portico, C. Door of the Temple, (fee Plate XLVI.) D. Large Blocks of Stone, forming the Dado of the Pedeftal that fupports the Temple. A; Part of the Sta B. The other Side The Walls ot this Temple are built of Freeftone, and of very fine Workmanfhip : The Frife is very elegant, of which I have given the exact Reprefentation, Plate L. The Roof is finifhed like an Arch on the Outfide, as well as within ; but the Pediment at the Weft E. A Marble Urn, the particular Sculptures on which are delineated, Plate LI. F. Sarcophagus placed by the Door of the Temple G. Modern Buildings. End of the Temple, which frill remains entire, finifhes in a. Triangular Form, which was my Authority for finilhing the Eaft End, where the Portico was, in the fame Manner, though that is now entirely deftroyed, as is fhewn by the pre- ceding Views; PLATE XLH. Another View of the Temple of .rEfculapius. irs leading to the Temple. C. Modern Buildings, of the Marble Urn. PLATE XLIII. Lateral Elevation of the Temple of iEfculapius. PLATE XL1V. Sedtion of the Temple of ^Efculapius. I was enabled to fix pretty nearly the Diflance be- twixt the Pilafter and Column of the Portico, both in this Section and in the laft Plate, by ob- ferving the Vacuity left by one of the Plinths of the [ 31 the Columns which was r moi before I went to Spalatro. I for this I eaibn have marked that Column of a darker 0 tour in the Plan, to fliow where the Plinth flood, the Center of which ] Space I have made the Center of the G£ lumn. The Whole of the Infide of this Temple is peN fe&ly entire, and of very good Workmanfhip* PLATE XLV. Door of the Temple of jSEfculapius. PLAT A. Part of the Door of the Temple to a larger Scale. If we abftract from the Defect of the angular Mo- dillions in this Door, fome of the other Parts of it are very fine. It may indeed be objected with Reafon, that it is too much ornamented for an Outfide Door; yet we have many Examples in Palmyra and Balbec, of Outfide Doors very E XLVL much loaded with Ornament. The particular Enrichments of this Door are fo finely executed, that they afforded me the higheft Satisfaction,' and by Means of the projecting Portico, the fmalleft Parts have remained unhurt to this Day. B. Part of the Soffit of the Cornice. PLATE XLVII. Exterior Order of the Temple of iEfculapius. The Pilafter Capital of this Temple, and indeed ail the Capitals throughout this Palace, are raffled more in the Grecian than the Roman Style, which I have been very careful to imitate. It is more than probable, that Dioclesian, who had been fo often in that Country, brought his Artificers from Greece to Spalatro, with an In- tention to vary the Execution of his Orders of Architecture in this Palace, from thofe he had executed at his Baths at Rome, which are ex- tremely different both in their Formation and Execution. PLATE XLVIII. A. Interior Frife and Cornice of the Temple of JEfcu- lapius. B. Soffit of the above Frife and Cornice. The Internal Angular Modillion in this Cornice is very remarkable : I do not remember to have met with any other Inftance of it in the Works of the Ancients. PLATE XLIX. A: Fannels of the Arched Cieling of the Temple of B. Profile of the Mouldings. iEfcuIapius. C. Capital and Pilafter in the Angle of the Periltylium; R PLATE C v 3 PLATE L. Exterior Frife of the Temple of ^Efculapius. * PLATE LI. Bas-Relief of an Urn near the Temple of jSEfculapius. PLATE LIT. Fragment of the Architrave of a Door to the Crypto Porticus. Enriched Mouldings round the O&agon Towers. PLATE LIII. Fragment of a Bas Relief at Spalatro. It is Pity that this Bas Relief was fo much de- mains, reprefenting fome Bacchanalian Ceremony, toyed when I faw it, as that Part which re, is of erquinta Sculpture. PLATE LIV. Bas Relief in the Houfe of Count Jeremiah, at Spalatro. PLATE LV. View of a Sphynx, which was anciently in the Temple of Jupiter. PLATE LVI. Another View of the fame Sphynx. PLATE LVIL Bas Relief in the Church of St. Felix, at Spalatro. PLATE C 33 3 PLATE LVIIL Bas Relief, reprefenting a Combat with the Centaurs. PLATE LIX. Bas Relief found incrufted in the Spire of the Cathedral Church. PLATE LX. A. View of a Sphinx, with Hieroglyphics. C. Another View of the fame Sphinx. B. Front View of the fame Sphinx. PLAT View of the Aqueduct which convey This Aquedufl: is vulgarly fuppofed to have been a Highway leading from Salona to Spalatro : But befides the Remains of the Conduit for Water, which is yet obfervable in many Places, it is too narrow ever to have ferved for any other Purpofe than that of an Aqueduct, as it is not above Eight Feet wide over the Walls. The Nature of the Soil itfelf was fufficient to convince me of the Abfurdity of the common Hypothecs, as the Aqueduct is built either on a hard Rock, or firm Gravel, which rendered any E LXI. Water from Salona to the Palace. artificial Highwiy entirely ufelefs between Sa- lona and the Palace. * Vifcher, in his Architecture Hiftoriaue, mentions this Aqueduct as conveying Water from the River Jader, which has its Source in the Moun- tains two Miles above Salona. In this I think he is right; but cannot agree with his Suppofi- tion of there having been a high Road over it ; which he feems to have borrowed without Exa- mination, from the common Tradition preva- lent among the Spalatrines. * L' Architecture HiRarique, L. 2. Tab. 10 and 11. V Ill Back of Foldout Not Imaged Back of Foldout Not Imaged Back of Foldout Not Imaged 1 Back of Foldout Not Imaged Back of Foldout Not Imaged Back of Foldout Not Imaged ,11 'I I I I | I I I I I 1 ■ £ GArta Q^i, urea. Back of Foldout Not Imaged Back of Foldout Not Imaged j — — . . £Kg ^07K>oAi t^ywW ^ tgoAm^ gArfa Qgfem / Am *5 BfflMW- XI. J 3 /,:/,- -TLYi 3 HILL LIBRARY St. Paul, MM. RL LEASED. 5 WASl-U, Al 1 1764 fc-3