t Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2014 https://archive.org/details/historyofgranvilOOgran_0 THE HISTORY OF THE GEANVILLE FAMILY. STraceU ftacJt to Eollo, jFtrst Oufee of i^ormanUg. WITH PEDIGREES, ETC. ROGER GRANVILLE, M.A., Rector of Bideford. Sxdct ■• WILLIAM POLLARD & CO., THE PRINTING WORKS, NORTH STREET. 1895. / PBEFACE. These Memoirs were originally commenced by my late father, Mr. Bernard Granville of Wellesbourne, who devoted much time in the latter years of his life to genealogical research, and left at his death two large volumes of manuscript notes as the result of his labours. Inheriting the same taste, and living on ' Granville ' soil, I undertook to revise and complete what he began, and have been able to add a consider- able amount of information ; and, above all, by the kindness of Mr. Ezekiel Eouse, of Bideford, and of Mr. Kemeys-Tynte and others, who possess the originals, or copies of them, have permission to print a large number of most interesting family letters in addition to those belonging to and collected by my father. The Kemeys-Tynte Collection has recently been privately printed, but few, I believe, of the others have seen daylight before. The story of their discovery is thus amusingly told in Mr. Baring Gould's " Life of the Rev. R. S. Hawker," the poet- priest of Morwenstow. " One clay, if indeed we may trust the story, Mrs. Hawker,, the first wife of the Vicar of Morwenstow, when lunching at Stowe, in the farm-house, noticed that a letter in old handwriting was. wrapped around the mutton-bone that was brought on the table. Moved by curiosity she took the paper off and showed it to Mr. Hawker. On examination it -was found that the letter bore the signature of Sir Bevill Granville. Mr. Hawker at once instituted enquiries, and found a chest full of letters of different members of the Granville family in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. He at once communicated with Lord IV PREFACE. (JarLeret, owner of Stowe, and the papers were removed, but by some unfortunate accident they were lost. The only ones saved were a packet removed from the chest by Mr. Davies, Rector of Kilkhampton, previous to their being sent away from Stowe. These were copied by Miss Manning of Eastaway in Morwenstow, and her transcript together with some of the originals (I fear not all) is now in the possession of Ezekiel Eouse, Esq., of Bideford. " These letters were sent in six large packing cases, each nearly a yard square, to George, Lord Carteret, who died 22nd February, 1838, shortly after Mr. Hawker became Vicar of Morwenstow. Lord Carteret, when he next saw Mr. Hawker, thanked him for the trouble he had taken, and said he had done the best thing he thought he could do with the documents, which was to commit them to the flames with the exception of two or three dozen letters. What has become of these is not known. The late Mr. Isaac Disraeli endeavoured, but unsuccessfully, to obtain permission to inspect them during the time he was completing his Commentaries on the reign of Charles L It will be noticed that I have for the most part adhered to that spelling of the family surname which has been generally adopted since the Patent for the Earldom of Bath was made out for Sir John Grenvile after the Restoration, and in which he was styled " Baron Granville of Kilkhampton and Bideford, Viscount Granville of Lansdown and Earl of Bath." The name (as stated on p. 1) has been variously spelt at various periods of the family's history ; but there can be little doubt that the correct manner is Granville, as derived from the ancient Norman seigneury (see p 16). My best thanks are due to Mrs. Didham, of Middleton, Bideford, a lady devoted to Sir Bevill and Lady Grace Granville, for chronologically arranging the letters, and for PREFACE. V various useful comments and suggestions as to their contents. I have also to thank the Earl of St. G-ermains for permission to reprint several letters from the Port Eliot Collection ; and also Mrs. Coham-Fleming for allowing me access to the few m her possession, including the very touching one addressed by Sir Bevill to Sir John Eliot just before his death in the Tower, (see p. 183) In a work of this kind originality cannot be expected. " I have only made a nosegay of culled flowers, and brought nothing of my own but the thread that ties them together.' (Montaigne, Bk. iii., ch. 12). It only pretends to be a compilation from the writings of well-known authors of established credi- bility, thus giving in one book the descriptions and opinions which appear in many. Commenced originally with but little idea of publication, I may not have been as careful as I ought in quoting the sources of some of my information ; but I desire to acknowledge my indebtedness to Mr. Tregellas, the author of " Cornish Worthies ; " to Mr. Eobbins, the author of " Sir Bevil Grenvill, the Knight of the West, a Biography in ■outline ; " to Mr. Cotton, the author of " Barnstaple during the Civil War ; " to Mr. Julian Corbett for much relating to George Monk, Duke of Albemarle, which I have taken from his life of that chief actor in the Restoration in tire "English Men of Action " Series ; and last, but not least, to Mrs. G. H. Radford, whose amusing account of the quarrels between Sir Richard Granville, "the King's General in the West," and his wife forms one of the papers in the " Transactions of the Devonshire Association" for 1890. I regret that ' correcting proof ' has proved a real stumbling- block to me, and that therefore a too lengthy list of corrigenda has to be annexed to the Volume, but these are nearly all cases of misspelt words or grammatical slips ; the accuracy of dates and facts is, I hope, quite correct. At any rate my effort, such as it is, must now remain in its present condition, and I can only VI PREFACE. trust that the original purpose I had in view, when I commenced' the task, may not be in vain, viz., to remind all who hold, or shall hereafter hold, the honoured name of Granville, that they " fetch their life and being From men of royal siege," and that realizing this, they may endeavour to uphold their ancestral traditions, and to walk worthily in the steps of their renowned forefathers, KOGER GRANVILLE. The liectory, Bideford, Christmas, 1895. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. FACING PAGE NEATH ABBEY ... ... ... ... ... 23 NEATH ABBEY THE CRYPT ... .. ... .. 25 WILLIAM BE GRANVILLE, ARCHBISHOP OF YORK ... ... 46 BIDEFORD BRIDGE ... ... ... ... 53 THE TOMB OF SIR THOMAS GRANVILLE IN BIDEFORD CHURCH ... 68 SIR RICHARD GRANVILLE OF THE " REVENGE " ... ... 92 SIR BERNARD GRANVILLE ... ... ... ... 129 SIR BBVILL GRANVILLE ... ... „. ... 141 THE PONT IN KILKHAMPTON CHURCH ... :.. ..160 LADY GRACE GRANVILLE ... ... ... ... 213 SIR RICHARD GRANVILLE ... .. ... ... 275 THE ENTRANCE TO THE GRANVILLE AISLE IN KILKHAMPTON CHURCH 312 GEORGE MONK, FIRST DUKE OF ALBEMARLE ... ... 339 .JOHN GRANVILLE, FIRST EARL OF BATH ... ... 350 CHARLES GRANVILLE, SECOND EARL OP BATH ... ... 365 LADY JOANNA GRANVILLE ... ... ... ... 379 THE HONBLE. AND VEIIY REV. DENNIS GRANVILLE .,. ., 386 THE HONBLE. BERNARD GRANVILLE ... ... ... j04 ANNE GRANVILLE (lADY STANLEY) ... ..^ ... 406 GEORGE GRANVILLE, LORD LANSDOWNE . ... ... 410 STOWE, AS RE-BUILT BY JOHN, EARL OF BATH ... ... 417 MARY GRANVtLLE (mRS. DELANY) ... ... ... 45-2 COURT d'eWES and BERNARD d'eWES ... ... aki JOHN d'ewes (afterwards granville) ; MARY d'bwes (afterwards port) .. ... ... ... ... 455 COURT d'ewes, ESQ. ... ... ... ... 456 ANN d'ewes (mRS. STKATTON) ... ... ... 458 THE REV. JOHN GRANVILLE ... ... ... ..461 JOHN GRANVILLE ... ... ... . . ... 452 MRS. GRANVILLE, OF CALWICH... ... .... ,464 WELLESBOURNE HALL, CO. WARWICK ... ... ... 466 THE HISTOEY OP THE GEANVILLE FAMILY. CHAPTER I. " The most lasting families," says Dr. Borlase, " have only their seasons more or less of a certain constitutional strength. They have their spring and summer sunshine glare, their wane, decline, and death." This remark is certainly true of the family whose memoirs are to be unfolded in these pages. Its ancient lineage, its territorial influence, together with the brilliant achievements of several of its distinguished members, placed the family of Granville at one time in the foremost ranks of the celebrated historical Houses of this country. But that summer sunshine glare, which culminated in the reign of the Stuarts, has long since declined, and in the male line the old family is no more. Yet the name of Granville is still treasured. One family at least represents it in the female line ; an earldom enshrines its memory, whilst as a Christian name it has been repeatedly adopted by many a noble and gentle House, who are proud to trace back a connection by marriage, or otherwise, with a family which for so many centuries held a distinguished position in the history of their country. The Granvilles or Grenvilles, Grenviles, Grenfells, Greyn- vills, Graynfelds, Greenfields, Grenefelds, Grauntvilds— for the name has been variously spelt and corrupted at different times - claim descent, through the Earls of Corbeil, from Rollo, the son of Jarl Rognvald, a Scandinavian chieftain of the highest rank, who lived in the reign of Harfager, King of Norway. According to various Sagas quoted by Du Chaillu, in " The Viking Age," Rognvald was the son of Eystein Glumra, son of Ivar Uppland Jarl, son of Halfdan the Old. He assisted King Harald in the conquest of Norway, and received in return for his services the two Mseris and Raumsdal. He married Ragn- B 2 The History of the Granville Family. hild, daughter of Hrolf Nefja, by whom he had three sons, viz., Ivar, who fell in the Hebrides whilst on' an expedition with King Harald ; Hrolf or Eollo, as he was afterwards called by the French, and as he is known to posterity ; and Thorir the Silent, who married King Harald's daughter Arbot, by whom he had a daughter, Bergljot, mother of Hakon Jarl the Great, the hero of the battle of Gomsviking. Eollo (nicknamed Gongu, i.e., the Ganger, because, it is said, his stature was so gigantic that, when clad in armour, no horse could support his weight, and he therefore always fought on foot), was expelled from Norway for an act of depredation in Viking contrary to the King's commands. Harald, desirous of being included among the civilized sovereigns of Europe, had strictly forbidden his subjects to exercise their old habits of piracy on his own coasts, or on those of liis allies. Rollo perhaps considered himself above this new law. His father, Jarl Rognvald, was the King's chief friend, and presuming on the favour shown to his family, while returning from an expedition on the Baltic, he made a descent upon the coast between Norway and Gothland, and carried off the cattle wanted by his crew. For this act Rollo was declared an outlaw. His mother pleaded in vain for him ; the King was inexorable. According to Harald's Saga, c. 24, the following was her petition : — Disgrace not Nefja's namesake,^ Nor drive the wolf from the laud ; The wise kinsman of Hold,- Why dealest thou thus with him. King ? It is bad to worry Such a wolf of Ygg's,'^ He will not be gentle towards The King's herds if he runs into tlie woods. Rollo's outlawry led to the establishment of our royal line, and to that infusion of new spirit into England to which lier greatness appears to be chiefly owing. He first retired with his Heet among the islands of the Hebrides, whither the flower of the Norwegian nobility had fled when Harald had become master of the Kingdom. He was there received with open arms by those warriors, who, eager for conquest and revenge, waited only for a chief to lead them on. Taking advantage of their sentiments at such a crisis, he pretended to have had a dream which promised him a glorious future in France. This served at least to support the ardour of his followers, but the weakness Hrolf. 2 The higher class of landowners. ' Ygg (Odin), a wolf of Ygg means a champion. TJie Hist07-y of the Granville Family. 3 at that time of the French Government, and the confusion in which it was involved, were still more persuasive reasons. Setting sail with them, Kollo first plundered and devastated the coast of Flanders, and then turned towards France, where, according to Dudo and other ancient writers, he landed at Eouen in the spring of a.d. 876. Their arrival caused the greatest dismay to the inhabitants of Rouen, who were scarcely yet recovered from the miseries which had been inflicted upon them by the fierce Danish rover, Hasting. Indeed for a long period the coasts of France, like those of England, had been ravaged by the incursions of the Northmen, and for the greater part of a century the monks had made the Neustrian churches re-echo with the dismal chant of the litany " A furore Normannorum libera nos, Domine." The defenceless inhabitants at once determined to capitulate, and Archbishop Franco went forth to meet the Northmen, bearing the keys of the town. They oflered no violence, and he performed his errand safely. The rude generosity of Rollo's character was touched by his fearless conduct, and he readily agreed to spare the lives and property of the citizens on condition that Rouen was surrendered to him without resistance. Entering the town, he established his head quarters there, and so faithfully did the Northmen observe their promise that they were regarded by the Rouennais rather as friends than as conquerors, and Rollo was far more popular than their real sovereign, Charles le Chauve. Having thus firmly planted themselves at Rouen, successive summers were spent in ravaging the dominions of the French King. But a change was gradually coming over Rollo. Insensibly he was becoming softened and civilized by his inter- course with Archbishop Franco, and finding perhaps that it was not quite so easy as he had expected to conquer the whole kingdom of France, he declared himself willing to follow the example which he had once despised, and to become a vassal of the French crown for the Duchy of Neustria. Charles le Simple, now King of France, greatly rejoiced to find himself thus able at length to put a stop to the dreadful devastations of the Northmen, and readily agreed to the terms proposed by Rollo, (a.d. 911), and appointed the village of St. Clair sur Epte on the borders of Neustria as the place of meeting for the purpose of receiving his homage and oath of fealty. According to Dudo it was necessary to kneel and kiss the King's foot, but this the proud pagan disdained. The prelate who attended the King declared that a gift so magnificent (viz., Neustria and his daughter) deserved his compliance. " I will never," exclaimed 4 The History of the Granville Family. Rollo, " bend my knees to the knees of any man, nor kiss his foot." " Ne si by Got." The Frankish nobles solicited him in vain. At last as a substitute he ordered one of his knights to do the ceremony for him. The knight, revolting like his master at the degradation, murmuringiy complied ; but instead of kneeling, he seized the royal foot standing upright, and carrying it suddenly to his mouth, threw the King on the floor, a contumelious indignity which on such an occasion a haughty savage only could have offered. The transaction ended, Duke Robert and Archbishop Franco returned to Rouen with Rollo, where, the following year, he was baptized, Duke Robert acting as sponsor. The name Robert was given to him on the occasion, but the old name that had honoured him in youth and in age, was alone recognized by the world. On leaving the Cathedral, Rollo celebrated his conversion by large grants to the difterent churches and convents in his new Duchy, making a fresh gift on each of the days during which he wore the white robes of the newly baptized. All his warriors, who chose to follow his example and embrace the Christian faith, received from him grants of land to be held on the same terms as those by which he himself held the Duchy from the King, and the country thus peopled by the Northmen gradually assumed the appellation, of Normandy. " The thirty wild years as a rover by land and sea, thirty years of rapine and of cruel deeds done to well-nigh defenceless cities, villages and monasteries, would seem a strange preparation for one who was to organize an important nation, who was to weld together men of various races, who was to lay the strong ground stories of a mighty realm, destined in a few short years power- fully to influence the history of the world. Yet this is what Rollo the Viking, the wild Northman freebooter, did in Rouen and Bayeux, between a.d. 911 and a.d. 927. The first of the seven mighty Dukes of Normandy must have been more than sixty years old when he began his curious, but enduring work. For enduring it indeed was. What he began his six successors went on with and developed — the strong and firm government, the respect for the Christian faith, law and order, the gradual restoration of the old ruined religious houses and their great educational and other works, the curious welding together of Dane and Frenchman which produced the Norman, — all these changes were tlie care of the old freebooter Rollo the Viking, his children and children's children for six generations, so that in less than a century and a half after the grim old Dane was laid in his tomb in the Rouen Minster that he had restored, his Norman The History of the Granville Family 5 land was famous for its new school of architecture, for its lovely minsters, its vast monasteries, its flourishing cities ; was, (still more remarkable,) famous for its matchless schools, and even for the wealth and beauty of its " Romance " or French literature. For three generations, that is during the reigns of the first three Dukes, a jjeriod of some ninety eventful years, the old Norsk religion, in which Thor and Odin were worshipped, and the wild banqueting hall of Valhalla looked to as the glorious goal of the unconquered fighting hero, struggled with Christianity in the hearts of the great Norman Dukes and their faithful companions in arms. Rollo and his two successors were more than nominal Christians, as we shall see ; nay, at times his son and grandson were even fervent devotees to the Christian faith ; yet ever and anon the spirit of the old loved Paganism of their fathers influenced them and their followers. This was especially noticeable in their marriages. The aversion of these brilliant and successful men to the Christian marriage tie is remarkable, and the first three Dukes made no concealment of their dislike to the princesses to whom, mainly for political reasons they were united by Christian rites. Their love and afl"ection all belonged to the partners whom they had chosen for themselves, and to whom some Pagan rite loosely bound them, and not to those high-born women, whom, without pretending to love, they had married with all the ceremony of the Christian Church." — The Homes of tJie Norman Dukes, by Dean Spence. This was especially the case with Rollo, who, as part of the treaty, had married Gisella the daughter of the French King. Rollo was an old grizzly warrior, and neither cared for the other, and when in a.d. 919, Gisella died childless, he returned to his old love Popei (the Poupee or Poppet,) daughter of Beringer, Earl of Bessin and Bayeux, and sister to Bernard de fSenlis Vermandois,^ whom he had take captive at the capture of Bayeux a.d. 890-1, and married " more Danico," He now married her " more Christiano " and thus rendered legitimate the two children he had had by her, viz. : William and Gerloc or Gerletta vvho received the name of Adela at her baptism, and afterwards became the wife of William, Duke of Acquitaine and Poictiers. In a.d. 926-7, feeling the cares of government too great . for his advancing years Rollo handed over the reins of govern- ment to his son, and dying some five years afterwards, was buried in the sacristy of the Cathedral at Rouen ; but some two hundred years afterwards his body was removed to the little chapel on , 1 Guillaume Gemmet ex Camdens, Augl, Scripta. p. 616. Matthew of Westminster p. 356. Dudu de St. Queutin. ,t;... * 6 Tlie History of the Granville* Family. the right of the nave, where a sarcophagus, under a plain niche in the wall, was erected in the days of St. Louis bearing his effigy/ The figure of Rollo was originally bold and well executed, embodying the notion conveyed by tradition and history ; the once mighty man of war thoroughly worn out, the sunken life, the furrowed brow, " the strength of four score years come to labour and sorrow." But since Palgrave wrote his description the effigy has been repaired and renewed so often that it has probably lost most of its distinguishing characteristics. The tomb bears the following inscription, though the date of his death is evidently inaccurate, if we are to believe his history as written by the old historians. Hie positus est ROLLO Normanuise a se territaj vastatse Restitutse Primux Dux, conditor, pater A Francoiie Archiep : Rotom : Baplizatus anno dccccxiii Obit anno Dccccxvii Ossa ipsius in veteri sanotuario Nunc capite navis, priinum, condita Translato altari, hie eollocata Sunt a b Maurilio Arehiep : Rotum : Anno MLXiii William, his son and successor, surnamed Longsword, had been carefully educated by the priests. His height was majestic, his features beautiful, his complexion pure and delicate as a maiden's, his strength gigantic, his prowess with all weapons on foot and on horseback unrivalled, and his wit and capacity of the brightest and most powerful. Born since his father's conquest of Neustria the tales of Tlior and Odin, and the future Valhalla, were gradually becoming things of the dark old past to him, and he threw himself, with his whole heart into the new faith. So intensely devout was he, so fond of prayer and the rites of the Church, that Rollo had called him fitter for a cloister than for a dukedom ; but the choice was not open to him, an only son, with the welfare of the Normans dependent on him. He rebuilt the Abbey of Jumieges with great splendour, and though living in the world amid great luxury and pomp, he practised in secret the devotions and asceticism of the cloister to the utmost of his power, longing earnestly for the time when, like his father, he might lay aside . . ' Accordiug to Diulu and others, his body was agaiu transifeiTed to the Abbey at Fecamp. The History of the Granville Family. 7 the weary load of cares of war and government, and retire to that Abbey as a brother of the Order. On his father's abdica- tion he rendered homage to Charles le Simple, at the Chateau d'Eu, but soon after his father's death the lords of Brittany under the Counts Alain and Berenger endeavoured to recover their independence. They were however defeated ; Berenger was pardoned, but Count Alain, the prime mover in the rebellion, was banished. William Longsword's strict keen justice made him greatly honoured and loved in Normandy, but in France he was hated, and his transactions were sometimes cunning, sometimes violent. Though wavering towards France, he remained a Northman in heart, and vassalage sat lightly upon him. As an instance of this, he called in a Danish colony to occupy his conquest of the Cotentin, the peninsula which runs out from St. Michael's Mount to the cliffs of Cherbourg, and reared his boy among the Northmen of Bayeux, where the Danish tongue and fashions most stubbornly held their own. With all his zeal for the new faith, it is clear that he had not entered into the Church's teaching of the sanctity of marriage, for, like his father,' he had an half-acknowledged wife, Espriota or Sprota, the daughter of Herbert, Earl of Senlis, and sister of Bernard the Dane, who afterwards became the protector and guardian of the young son he had by her. But though he doted on Espriota, his love for her could not blind his religious instincts to the fact that his home-life was not honourable, either morally or politically. Such sentiments were encouraged by his kins- man, Herbert of Vermandois, who persuaded him to cast off Espriota, and marry his second daughter, Luitgard, thus following his father's example in casting off the mother of his child. There was, however, no issue of this marriage. In 936, William Longsword, accompanied by Hugh the rireat, Herbert, Count of Vermandois, and others, received at Boulogne, on his landing from England, Louis Outre-mer, the new King of France, son of Charles le Simple, who received his nickname from having been educated at the English Court. AVilliam conducted liim to Laon and assisted at his coronation. Three years afterwards, however, he quarrelled with him, and entered into a formal league against him with Hugh the Great and Herbert of Vermandois, and the remainder of his life was occupied in invasions and other political disturbances, the last of which was entered upon for the purpose of forcing Arnouf, Count of Flanders, to restore to the Count of Ponthou ^ St. Alleis. Guillaume de JUmieges. 8 The History of the Granville Family. the town of Montreuil, which he had unlawfully taken posses- sion of Arnoulf, dissembling his resentment, begged of William to grant him a conference on a small island in the river Somme, and there, having contrived to separate him from his followers, at a given signal, one of the Flemings struck him down with an oar, and a number of daggers were instantly plunged into his breast. The Flemings made their escape in safety, leaving the bleeding corpse upon the island, and the Normans, who had seen the murder witlioiit l)eing able to prevent or revenge it, reverently took it up and brought it to Rouen. Dudo narrates that beneath the robes of state they found it dressed in a hair cloth shirt, and that round his neck was a chain with a golden key attached to it, which they rightly judged to belong to the chest where he kept his choicest treasure, but few would have guessed what the treasure was, which was so highly valued by the knightly Duke of the martial name, and doubtless there were many looks of wonder among the Norman barons when the chest was opened, and disclosed, instead of gold and jewels, the gown and hood, the sandals and rosary of a brother of the Benedictine Order. He fell at the early age of forty -two, having ruled about twenty years, and was buried beside his father iu Eouen Cathedral amid the universal lamentations of his vassals. His body was afterwards moved to a side chapel on the left hand side of the nave, as his fathers was to one on the right, and the monumental effigy still preserves the tra- ditional features, bearing date no doubt from a period far more remote than that of St. Louis ; and " as the stranger from other lands gazes on this I'emarkable face he feels he is looking on something not unlike what the mighty Norman was in life. The figure represents a crowned and armoured soldier. His hand formerly rested on the golden hilt of that famous long sword from which he takes his name, but the sword is now missing. On the still youthful face of the hero Duke is an expression of intense weariness, worn out with the respon- sibilities of his busy work-filled life." — Dean Spence. The following inscription is on the tomb : — Hie positus est GULIELMUS, dictus Longa Spatha Rollonis filius Dux Normannise Predatorie occisus Dccccxxxiv.i Ossa ipsius in veteri sanctuario uti nunc est caput navis primum condita, translate altari hie collocata sunt ap Maurilio Archiep : Rotum : Anno mlxii. ' The date on the tomb of William Longsword is also incon ect, as well as the date on RoUo's. Anselme, Dudo, Guilli de Jumieges all give 942. Matthew of Westminster 943 as the correct date. Probably, therefore, his reign was less than twenty years. Hie History of the Granville Family. 9 Upon William's assassination Bernard the Dane, the brother of Espriota, fetched from Bayeux his only child Eichard, then barely eight years old, to be solemnly invested with the ducal sword and mantle, and to receive the homage of the Normans. Whether his birth was strictly legitimate or not was a matter of very little moment either in Norman or in Frankish eyes. If a man was of princely descent and shewed a spirit worthy of his forefathers, few people cared to enquire over minutely into the legal or canonical condition of his mother. " The Norman chieftains gathered round William Long- sword's cofiin. They included old grey-headed companions of Eollo, with their sons and grandsons, men who were the ancestors of the future conquerors of Italy and Sicily ; men, whose children's children fought and won on the stricken field of Hastings ; men, whose descendants became the foremost Crusaders, the fathers of the proudest Houses of the mighty Anglo-Norman kingdom, and in their midst, standing by his murdered father's coffin, the little fair-haired boy with ruddy cheeks, whom they had fetched from Danish Bayeux. One grey-headed cliieftain held the ducal coronet on the boy's head, one kissed bhe little hand, and the others swore eternal allegiance and fidelity to their child Duke Richard, who in sorrow and perplexity stood gazing on his father's coffin. It was the last great service Rollo's son could do his people and the land, this welding together by his coffin the varied interests of his mighty chieftains. In this solemn moment the Norman Dane and tlie Norman Frenchman forgot their jealousies, their antipathies, the conflicting interests of the old religion and the new, in their stern resolve to avenge their master's death l)y raising the throne of their master's son higher than the thrones of any of the Princes of France."- -Z)ean Spence. Having been thus acknowledged by the Norman chiefs as his father's successor, the young Duke found as little difficulty in obtaining a formal in vesture of the fief from the French King. The King came to Rouen, where he was received and enter- tained with great magnificence, and then Richard rendered his homage. Louis grasped at this opportunity for recovering Normandy, and under the pretence of educating the young Duke at his own court, made an overture to the Norman barons that he should return with him to France, assuring them of his care and protection of him. This proposal they at first strongly opposed, mistrusting the King, and suspecting the influence of Count Arnoulf, who stood high in his counsels, and who would naturally dread the future retribution of the son for his father's 0 10 The History of the Granville Family. murder. Won, however, by the royal promises and seeming attachment to the young Duke, they suffered him to depart, and Louis carried him away to Laon, Richard had not been long in the King's power before the fears of the Normans were realized, and Louis, chiefly at the instigation of Count Arnoulf, imprisoned him at Montleon, allowing, however, a Norman esquire, Osmund de Centeville. to accompany him as tutor. By Osmund's help he contrived to escape, and sought shelter with his uncle, Bernard the Dane, who had been originally appointed his guardian by Duke William, as well as regent of the Norman territories during his minority. A heathen reaction, according to Green, followed the death of Duke William, and the bulk of the Normans with the child Duke Richard fell away for the time from Christianity. The young Duke's escape had taken place in a.d. 945, and Louis, finding himself thus duped, concerted with Hugh the Great and made war against the Normans, entering Normandy by two diff'erent roads. Bernard the Dane had called to his assistance the King of Denmark, and new pirate fleets again came swarming up the Seine. After several engagements Louis was taken prisoner. Peace, however, was concluded the following year, when Richard received an augmentation of territory, for which he again paid homage. The peace thus concluded was, however, soon destined to be broken. It was arranged that Richard, who was then fourteen years of age, should be affianced to Emma, the daughter of Hugh the Great, Count of Paris ; but this alliance was so distasteful to both Louis and Count Arnoulf that they concerted with Otho, King of Germany, and war once more broke out. However, after ravaging the territory of Hugli the Great and attacking Rouen, they were repulsed by the Normans and Danes under the young Duke, who followed up his success and before long cleared the province of its invaders. The courage and ability which he displayed throughout the wars made a great impression on bis Danish allies, who were induced in large numbers to adopt the religion of " the Fearless Duke," as they called him, and to live under his government. Louis Outre-mer was succeeded by Lothaire, who inherited all the hatred of his race against the Normans, who were still Pirates to the French around them, their land the Pirates' land, their Duke the Pirates' Duke. Lothaire renewed hostilities against Richard, but the struggle only strengthened the power of the Duke. Freeman suspects that no homage was ever rendered by Richard to Lothaire, and that it was most probably its refusal which led to the dilferences between Lothaire and Tlie History of the Granville Family. 11 Eichard. Peace was made through the intervention of the Archbishop of Cologne at Amiens, and " in the end," as Mr. Green writes, " the same forces which merged the Dane in the Englishman, told even more powerfully on the Dane in France. No race has ever shewn a greater power of absorbing all the nobler characteristics of the peoples with whom they came in contact, or of infusing their own energy into them. During the long reign of Duke Richard the Fearless, the son of William Longsword, a reign which lasted from a.d. 945 to 996, the heathen Northmen pirates became French Christians and feudal at heart. The old Norse language lived only at Bayeux and in a few local names. As the old Northern freedom died silently away the descendants of the pirates became feudal nobles, and " the Pirates land " sank into the most loyal of the fiefs of France."^ Richard was mainly instrumental in placing on the French throne, after Lothaire's death in a.d. 987, Hugh Capet, his brother-in-law and ward. Hugh Capet having received the homage of every crown vassal, except Arnoulf of Flanders, proceeded to ravage his country and to seize his towns. Arnoulf, completely reduced, saw no way of escape except in throwing himself on the mercy of Duke Richard, the very man whose father he had murdered, and whom he had pursued with the most unrelenting hatred from his earliest childhood. Richard had but to allow royal justice to take its course, and he would have been fully avenged, but he who daily knelt before the altar of the Church of Fdcamp, had learnt far other lessons. He went to Hugh Capet and so pleaded with him that he not only obtained the pardon of Arnoulf, but the restoration of the whole of his domains and of both his cities. Thus, without doubt, would tne saintly William Longsword have desired to be avenged by his own son. Duke Richard was a great patron of arts and learning, of agriculture and commerce, and sought in every way to promote the happiness and prosperity of his subjects. He not only restored the Abbey of Fecamp with great magnificence, but also enlarged and endowed the Abbeys of St. Ouen, Mont St. Michel, and St. Wandeille. He also built the Archiepiscopal Church at Rouen. His personal appearance and character are thus described by the old Norman chroniclers, who knew him well in his old age. " He was tall and well-proportioned, his countenance was noble, his beard was long, and his head co^^ered with white hair. He was a pious benefactor to the monks, supplied the wants of the clergy, despised the proud, loved the 1 Green, Vol. 1., 108- 12 The History of the Granville Family. humble, aided the poor, the Avidow, and the orphan, and delighted in ransoming prisoners." In his lifetime he caused a stone coffin to be made for himself, and placed in the Church of Fecamp, where every Friday he filled it with wheat, which was afterwards distributed amongst the poor. In this Abbey he died 20th November, 996, aged sixty-three years. William Gemmelicus describes his last illness and death at length. .According to his wish, expressed shortly before he died, he was buried outside the Church of Fecamp, close by the outer wall, " where the drops of Heaven falling on him from the sacred eaves might lave his body from the many sins contracted in his thoughtless career." In a subsequent generation Henry Beauclerc caused his remains to be removed from the sarco- phagus under the spouting gargoyle, and deposited in the adjoining Basilica. A new toml) was provided for father and son, and Master Wace informs us that, when the translation took place, he had the opportunity of contemplating both corpses. As before stated he had married in a.d. 956, (or, as some authors assert, 960), Emma, the second daughter of Hugh the Great, Duke of France, but he had no issue by her. He married secondly his conculjine Gonnor or Gunnora, who is described as sister to Herfaste, a Dane of noble birth. Dudo calls her " une tres belle femme, tres adroite et de grand esprit, et une femme, accomplie, et d'une faniille de Dannemark de haute noblesse." According to Guillaume de Jumieges, Richard first saw her when hunting in the forest of Arques. Night having come on he slept at the house of (as he is described) a Forester at Sargeville, whose handsome wife Sainfrie he became enamoured of, and commanded her to be given up to him. She, being a clever shrewd woman, substituted her sister Gunnora in her place, who was a far handsomer woman even than she herself. Duke Richard, on finding out the deception next morning, was much pleased with the exchange, and after- wards had several children by her. On wishing to make his second son, Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, the appointment was strongly objected to by the Church on the score of his ille- gitimacy. Richard therefore, his first wife being dead, married Gunnora and thus legitimated all the children he had had by her, and created a regular and lawful succession to the Dukedom. Gunnora appears to have lived till the year a.d. 1031. Guillaume de Jumieges gives Duke Richard three sons, viz., Richard the Good, his successor ; Robert, who became Arch- bishop of Rouen, Earl of Evreux, and vAdio espoused, more TJie History of the Granville Family. 13 Panico, (for assuredly no priest would give the benediction !) a damsel named Herleva, by whom he had several children ; and Maliger or Mauger, as he is usually called, Earl of Corbeil, the direct ancestor of the Granville family/ We shall treat of him in the next chapter. Dudo gives Duke Richard five sons, without, however, naming them. Possibly these other two were not the children of Gunnora, as Dudo elsewhere mentions two illegitimate sons,, viz. , Geoffrey, who became the ancestor of the Earls of Clare, and William, the ancestor of the Earls of Eu. Guillaume Gemmet and Anselm also mention these illegitimate sons, and two illegitimate daughters. Indeed many of those whose names in after days appeared on the roll of Battle Abbey — the Lind- says, Giftbrds, Tankervilles, Gournays, Warrenes, Mowbrays, Mortimers, — names written on many a stirring page of English history, trace back to sons or nephews or kinsmen of Duke Richard the Fearless. Richard's eldest legitimate daughter was Hawise, the wife of Geoffrey, Ecirl of Brittany. She died, 21st February, 1084, and was buried at Rennes. Maud, the second daughter, was married to Eudes, Earl of Chartiers and Blois ; whilst Emma, the youngest, " the Flower of Normandy," was twice crowned Queen of England, having married ffrst, in 1002, King ^thelred, (who thus hoped to win the friendship of Normandy, and to close its harbours against the Danish King Swegen, who was at rliis time attacking England with his pirate bands) ; and secondly, in 101 7, her first husband's great enemy, King Canute. By her first husband she became the mother of Edward the Confessor, and by her second of King Hardicanute. Richard the Good, fourth Duke of Normandy, does not seem to have been in all respects equal to his forefathers, yet chivalry, lieraldry, feudality all appear fairly developed in his reign, and the courts of Rouen and Fecamp in the first years of the eleventh century evidently present the first examples of the splendid ])ageantry, Avhich are one of the great characteristic features of a later age. Moi'eover in the course of this reign the spirit of adventure again seems to have seized the Norman-Frenchman. The fair land they had won in France became too strait for some of the restless sons of the Vikings, and we hear of two bold attempts to make settlements in the far south. The first of these, to the beautiful peninsula of Spain, seems to have failed, but the other to fair Italy and Sicily was more successful. Duke * Dudo p. 137. Guillaume Gemmet, Hiat. Angl. Scripta, in B. Museum, 2070 d. p, 458. Speed, p. 413. 14 TJie History of the Granville Family. Richard the Good was married three times, having by his first wife, Judith, daughter of Geoffrey, Earl of Brittany, three sons, viz., Richard, who succeeded as fifth Duke ; Robert le " Diable" the sixth Duke, who by Arlette his concubine, had William, the seventh Duke, the Conqueror of England. The third son was William, a monk at Fecamp. He married secondly, Estrite, the daughter of Suenon, King of Denmark, by whom he had no issue, and from whom he was divorced. His third wife was Papia, by whom he had two more sons, of whom Manger, the eldest, became Archbishop of Rouen, a.d. 1037, but was deposed in 1056 by his cousin, the seventh Duke. He was drowned in crossing to Jersey, and left a natural son, Michel " un vaillant chevalier." The other son, William of Argues, Earl of Talou, married a sister of Widon, Earl of Poictiers, Richard the Good died in 1026. CHAPTER 11. Maliger or Mauger, the third son of Richard the Fearless, third Duke of Normandy, and direct ancestor of the Granville family, obtained the Earldom of Corbeil by his first marriage in the year 1012, with Germaine de Corbeil, the daughter and heiress of Aubert, second Earl of CorbeiP and grand-daughter of Hamon the first Earl, the son of Osmund de Centeville, to whom had been committed the tutorship of Duke Richard during his minority. This title remained for generations in the family, and was revived in the reign of Charles the Second, when Sir John Granville, eldest son of Sir Bevil Grenvile, on being created Earl of Bath was permitted to assume the additional title of Earl of Corbeil.^ According to Palgrave, Mauger acquired considerable impor- tance in French affairs, having greatly distinguished himself by his policy and valour.^ He took a prominent part in defending Henry, the eldest son of King Robert of France, against his mother, Queen Constance, who, notwithstanding that he had been crowned in his father's lifetime, was desirous of placing her second son Robert on the throne in his stead. As a reward for his services Mauger was invested with the extensive county of Mortaigne as an addition to his patrimonial domains.* Mortaigne, however, remained but a short time in the family, for his eldest son William, nicknamed the Warling, having been detected plotting against the young Duke William, (afterwards known as " The Conqueror,") during his minority, was exiled to Apulia, and Mortaigne was dealt with as an echeat, and conferred upon the Duke's half-brother, Robert de Centeville, the son of Arietta and Herlouin. Mauger's second son was Hamon, nicknamed Dentatus, from having been born, it is said, with teeth. He is styled Earl of Corbeil, and in several of the old French historians the seig- neuries of Thorigny, Granville, Breuilly, Creuilly, Bercy and Maisy are assigned to him. Thus, St. Allaisin his work, " L'art ' Jean de la Barr, Antiquities de Corbeil et St. Allaia. Anselm. 2 Palgrave III., p. 14. GuiUaume Juinieges, Antiquities de Corbeil. Anselm. Guillauine Gemmett. Auselm. Palgrave III., p. 224. 16 llie History of the Granville Family. de verifier les dates," writes, " Hamon dit aux Dents, Comte de Corbeil, Seigneur de Thorigny, Grand ville, Breuilly et Creuilly." Corbeil sur Ssine was situated between Paris and Fontainbleau and contained two Collegiate Churches founded by Hamon the first Earl. In an account of this ancient town we find as follows " C'est Haimon ou Aimon, Comte de Corbeil qui s'etant empare du Chateau du Comte de Palaiseau vers I'an 912, emporta a Corbeil les Reliques de S Exupere et de S Loup, Eveques de Bayeux fit l)atir une Eglisc en leur honieur, et qui fonda un Chapitre. Le tombeau de ce Comte est encore a main gauche de maitre autel de cette Eglise, qu'on appelle par corruption Saint Spire." When Dennis Granville, Dean of Durham, went into exile for his faithful adherence to the cause of his royal Master, James II, he lived for some time at Corbeil and dis- covered the tomb of his great ancestor, which he described as very magnificent, aad bearing the same arms as were then borne by his family. Thorigny was a fortified town upon the borders of the counties of Bayeux and Coutance. Creuilly was near (*aen, and the castle, a construction of different ages, still exists and is now converted into a dwelling house. Maisy is described as " le commune littorale du Bessin." Bruilly or Bercy are unknown, the names not being found in any of the maps of France or Normandy ; whilst the little Norman seaport of Gran- ville is' of course still extant and well-known. Its situation on tlie coast l)etween Avranches and Coutances is singular ; it is built in steps or terraces under a rocky promontory projecting into the sea, surmounted by its ancient fort whose presence restricts manv of the buildings from rising above one story in lieight. Previously to the bombardment by the Englisli at the end of the seventeenth century, the Granville arms existed on one of the citadel gates, and are thus referred to by George Granville, the poet, in a poem addressed to his cousin Charles Granville, Lord Lansdown — Those arms, which for nine centuries had braved The wrath of time, on antick stone engrav'd, Now torn by Mortars, stand yet undefac'd On nobler trophies, by thy valour raised. The meaning of the particular bearing which belongs to the Granville family has always been a matter of uncertainty to heraldic writers. In an old and now scarce work by Gibbons printed in 1682, and entitled "An Introduction to the Art of Blason," there are no less than five difi'erent characters assigned to it. Gibbons himself calls it a bracket ; according to Leigh it is a horseman's rest, " a thing whereon to rest the Launce." The- History of the Grrmville Family. 17 Boswell pronounces it a soufflue from "souffler" to blow — an instrument to carry the wind from the bellows to the pipes of an organ. Gwillim, while suggesting that it may be a rudder, inclines to the opinion that it is a clarion " an instrument used in Battel and Tournaments as we do trumpets." " In many old descriptions of Tilting we find the knights to come in with ''clarions" sounding before them." A writer in the "Gentleman's Magazine," 1845, states that he has very little doubt that it is intended for some sort of musical instrument " probably a kind of hand-organ ; for in the wood cut Mrs. Jamieson gives in her " Legends of the Madonna "p. 19 of Piero Laurati's painting of the " Maria Coronata," the uppermost angel on the left is represented as carrying an instrument exactly similar to this charge as it is usually drawn." Little or nothing is known of the life of Hamon Dentatus, but the old historians^ state that he and his brother Guillerin took part in the rebellion of the principal Norman barons against the young Duke William's accession on tlie ground of his illegiti- macy, and that both were slain in the celebrated battle of the Valley of the Dunes. In a note of Kobert Wace's quaint poetry, " Le Roman de Eou et des Dues de Normandie," it is stated that Hamon fell valiantly attack- ing the King of France, who had come to the assistance of the young Duke. His body was taken to Essay and there interred before the door of the Church. Lie had married Lladwise or Avoye (in some English pedigrees she is called Elizabeth d'Avoye) the widow of Hugh the Great, Duke of France, sister to the Emperor Otho, and daughter of Henri rOiseleur. By her Hamon left three sons, namely, Eobert Fitzbamon ; Richard called, as was customary, de Granville, after one of his father's lordships, and Hamon. About the identity of the latter thei'e seems some difficulty. He is mentioned in the " Genealogy des Seigneurs de Creuilly " as having been " Grand Maitre d'Hotel du Roi," and his name appears in 1103 as a witness with his brother, Robert Fitzhamon, to a deed between the Abbot of Fecamp and Philip of Briouse, as well as in a charter of the Conqueror to Saint Denis, existing still at Paris, to which we find as witnesses, "Ego Haimo Regis dapifer." " Ego Robert frater hujus Haimonis." In the Bayeux Inquest the name " Hugo de Crevecuire feodum v mil " occurs,^ and Hasted says (though his authority may be questioned) that the family name of Hanio Dapifer, or Vice-comes of Domesday, 1 Taylor's Wace. ^ La Chronique de Normandie. Moulin's Hishoire Generale de Normandie. D 18 The History of the (iranviJIe Family. was Crevequer. Certain it is that Hamon Dapifer was one of the chief landowners of Eastern England, where the Crevecoeur family lived and, as Barons of Chatham, Jiad great possessions. Hamon Dapifer has an entry to himself in the Domesday Book for Essex (ii. 54 b). He appears again in 100 b, and in the town of Colchester (106) he holds " i domum, et i curiam, et i hidam terrse, et xv burgenses." A building with some trace of Eomanesque work used to be shown as " Hamo's Saxon hall or curia." In Ellis he is made to be the same as " Haimo vice- comes " who appears in Kent and Surrey (Domesday 1436) and as Hamo the Sheriff, who was one of the judges of the County Court when the great cause was tried between Archbishop Ijanfranc and Odo, Bishop of Bayeux.^ To the letter despatched to recall Anselm by Henry I on his accession are attached the following names, " Gerard, Bishop of Hereford, William, Bishop elect of Winchester, William of Warelwast, Henry, Earl of Warwick, Robert Fitzhamon and his brother Hamon tlie dapifer " et aliis tam episcopis quam baronibus meis." He also witnesses a letter of Anselm's (Epp. iii. 71) to the monks of Canterbury along with another " Haimo ' filius vitalis ' Wimundus homo vicecomitis," and a mysterious " Robertus filius WatsoL'is." In Epp. iv. 57 a letter is addressed to him ])y Abselm, complaining of damage done by his men to the Archbishop's property at Canterbury and Sandwich. Hamon was probably too young to join his brothers, Robert Fitzhamon and Richard de Granville when they came over to England in the Conqueror's army,'' where, as his near relatives, they had naturally a considerable position assigned to them. Carew indeed states that Robert Fitzhamon was general of the army on the occasion of the battle of Hastings, but as none of the old historians mention this fact, and it is well known that the two brothers were l)oth of youthful age at the time, he is probably wrong on tliis point. The mistake may have arisen from the fact that lie was afterwards general of King Henry the First's army in France. The honour of Gloucester which .spread itself into many counties of England was the possession of the Saxon Brihtric, surnamed Meaw, or the Golden-haired, the grandson of Leofric, Earl of Mercia. Brihtric had visited the court of Baldwin V., C*ount of Flanders, as Ambassador from Edward the Confessor, at which time Baldwin's daughter, Matilda, had cherished a passion for him, Avhich, however, he did not reciprocate. The 1 Sir Henry Ellis. Mouasticon ; Leland. The History of the Granville Family. 19 chronicle of Tewkesbury tells us how Matilda, after she had been fourteen years the wife of the Conqueror, and whilst enjoying the greatest happiness as a wife and a mother, had secretly brooded over the bitter memory of her slighted love, and in the very year that her husband ascended the throne of England she obtained from him a grant of nearly, if not quite, all Brilitric's lands and honours, deprived Gloucester of its charter and liberties, and caused the unfortunate Saxon to be seized and conveyed to Winchester, where he shortly afterwards mysteriously died in prison, and was privately buried. Upon the Queen's death her son the J5theling Henry claimed these lands, but, if he ever came into actual possession, his tenure of them was short, as William Rufus bestowed them upon his two cousins, Robert Fitzhamon and Richard de Granville, the former taking those which lay within the borders of Gloucestershire and Somersetshire, the latter those in North Devon and Cornwall. These possessions were probably bestowed upon the two brothers by William Rufus, not merely on account of the great services they had rendered his father, but also for their allegiance to himself ; for upon his accession to the throne a number of the Norman lords raised the standard of revolt in favour of his elder brother, Robert, Duke of Normandy, but Robert Fitzhamon is expressly mentioned, along with Hugh, Earl of Chester, and Robert de Mowbray, Earl of Northum- berland, as maintaining his fealty to the King. In the year 1091, being the fourth year of the reign of William Rufus, Jestin, son of Gwrgan, described as prince of Gwent and Morganwg, was attacked by Rhys ap Tewdwr, King of Deheubarth, whose dominions comprised the greater part of South Wales. Jestin turned for aid to Einion, the brother of Cedivor, Prince of Dyfed, and promised him his daughter with an ample estate if he could obtain help from England against Rhys. At Einion's invitation Robert Fitzhamon came into South Wales with an army trained to conquest, his brother Richard de Granville and eleven other knights, selected from the most illustrious names in the kingdom, being his associates in the expedition. In a pitched battle on the borders of Brecheiniog Rhy's army was defeated, and Rhys himself, flying from the field, was taken and beheaded. His kinsmen and followers seem to have been killed or dispersed, and we are told that Robert Fitzhamon and his companions, being well paid for their services by Jestin, went away towards London, When Einion demanded his reward, Jestin declared that he would not 20 The History of the Granville Family. give either his daughter or his land to a traitor. Then Einion persuaded Robert and his companions to come back and take Jestin's dominions for themselves. Jestin was driven out and his land partitioned. Robert Fitzhamon and his twelve knights divided the fertile vale of Glamorgan among themselves. Each man established himself in a lordship and castle, and all did homage to Robert as lord of Glamorgan, holding his chief seat in his castle of Cardiff. Freeman supposes that some parts of this story are legendary ; for example, the very unlikely story that Robert, or any other Norman, when once standing in arms on British or any other ground, simply marched out again, after receiving a fair day's wages for a fair day's work. That Robert Fitzhamon did conquer (jrlamorgan and established himself at Cardiff cannot be doubted. The settlement of some of his followers is equally historical, but the list of them as given iii the legend is untrustworthy, being largely due to family vanity, and contains names of families which did not a^jpear in this district till later. At the consecration of Gloucester Cathedral (tD which Robert Fitzhamon had Ijeen a bountiful benefactor) a monk from over the sea declared to him his ill-omened dream respecting the king, which, according to William of Melmesbury, Fitzhamon, being in his closest confidence, hastened to communicate to William Rufus in Malwood Castle, in the New Forest, the evening before the fatal day, when Tyrrel's arrow pierced him to the heart, 1st August, 1100. Fitzhamon was also (according to the legend of Geoffrey Gaimcr, i. 56) one of the company of l)arons that gathered round the corpse, and bore it, covered with his mantle, to the Minster of St. Swithin's at AVinchcster. On the accession of Henry I. , Robert Fitzhamon was present on the part of the King at the agreement made at Dover on the sixth of JMarch with Robert, Earl of Flanders, whereby the latter bound himself, on certain conditions, to furnish the King with a thousand knights, each having three horses ready to be transported into England from Graveling or Widsand, whenever the King should send shipping. For the performance of the conditions on the King's part, Robert Fitzhamon is the first named. Two years afterwards, at the instance of his wife, Sibille, daughter of Roger de Montgomery, Earl of Shrewsbury, and Gerald d'Avranches, Abbot of Cranbourne, Fitzhamon rebuilt the Abbey of Tewkesbury, which had been founded as a priory in A.D. 715. " It cannot be easily conceived," writes AVilliam of Malmesbury, " how much Robert Fitzhamon adorned and The History of the Granville Family. 21 beautified this monastery, where the stateliness of the buildings ravished the eyes, and the pious charity of the monks the affections of all persons." He also transferred the monks of Cranbourne there, and gave considerable portions of land to this and other monasteries. According to Bowyer's Abridgement the castle of Bristol was also built by him, as well as the priory of St. James This latter building, however, is generally attributed to his son-in-law, Kobert, Earl of Gloucester. While at the siege of Falaise, in Normandy, where he was in command of King Henry the First's forces, he " received a dangerous wound with the push of a Pike upon the temples of his head, whereby, though by his conduct and personall valour he gott the victory hee had his witts crackt and surviving some time afterwards onely as a man bestraught and madd died March 1107." His body was brought to England, and buried in the Chapter- house at Tewkesbury, but it was afterwards laid to rest in the Church which he had newly built, between two pillars on the south side of the choir. (3ver his tomb, erected many years after his death, viz., in 1397, by Abbot Parker, is the following inscription, now hardly legible : — IN ISTA CAPELLA JACET DOMINUS ROBERTUS FILIUS HAMONIS, HUJUS LOCI FUNDATOR. In an old deed he is described as " by the grace of God Prince of Glamorganshire ; Earl of Corboile, Thorigny, and Granville ; Lord of Gloucester, Bristol, and Tewkesbury and Cardiffe ; Governor of Wales ; near kinsman unto the King and General of all his Highuess's army in France." He left four daughters, but no male issue ; and the King being unwilling that his vast estates should be shared among women, married the eldest daughter, Mabel, to his eldest natural son, Robert, surnanied the Consul, by Nesta, daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwr, Prince of South Wales.^ Robert of Gloucester states in his quaint poetry that when the marriage was first proposed, Mabel refused, saying, So vair eritage as ich habbe, it were ne great shame Vor to habbe an louerd bote he had an to name. Or, as it has been translated into somewhat better English, It were to me a great shame, To have a lord withouten his twa name. ^ From this marriage descended the Earls of Gloucester and Clare, the Spencers, Beauchamps, and Nevilles, and a large portion of Robert Fitzhamou's vast possessions passed at length to Richard III. by his marriage, in 1473, with Lady Anne, Avidow cf- Edwurd Prince of Wales, sou of King Heury VI., and daughter and co-heir o^ Richai d Neville, Earl of Warwick. 22 The History of the Granville Family. So the King gave to him the name of Fitz Roy, and created him Earl of Gloucester, 1109, and bestowed upon him the whole of the real estates, both Norman and English, which had been enjoyed by Eobert Fitzhamon. Two of the other daughters, Avice and Cicely, professed as nuns, and became respectively the abbesses of Wilton and Shaftesbury, while the youngest daughter married the Earl of Brittany. All Fitzhamon's titles, according to Norman Law, descended to his brother, Richard de Granville, and were borne by him and his posterity till Normandy was lost to the crown of England. Richard had received the lordship of Neath as his share of the Welsh conquest, including a large tract of rich fertile land. " In this fruitful place," writes Hals, " that the Priests of the Gospell might eate of the fatt and drink of the sweete, as their predecessors under the lawe had done, the said Richard de Granville, out of piety and devotion towards God, Who had preserved him in all his undertakings, and out of charitie towards poor Christians and scliollars, founded and endowed a monastery of Cistercian monks dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary, valued at the suppression, the twenty- sixth of Henry the Eighth, at one hundred and fifty pounds per annum." Fuller, in his " Worthies," says, " This Richard in my apprehension appears somewhat like the Patriarch Abraham (Gen. xiv.), for he would have none make him rich l)ut God alone, although in his partage good land at Neath was allotted to him. Indeed Abraham gave the tenth to God in Melchisedech, and restored the rest to the King of Sodom, the former proprietor thereof. This knight, according to the devotion of those darker days, gave all to God, erecting and endowing a monastery at Neath for Cistercian monks, and bestowing all his military acquests on them for their main- tenance, so that the convent was valued at one hundred and fifty pounds at the dissolution. Thus having finished and settled the foundation, he returned to his own patrimony at Bideford, where he lived in great repute in the reign of King- William Rufus, and may seemed to have entailed hereditary valour on his name and still flourishing posterity." Some Welsh manuscripts in the possession of Lady Llanover (maternally descended from the Granvilles) contain extracts from old records of the history of Glamorgan, which mention that " Sir Richard Grenvile, brother of Ptobert Fitzhamon, went to the Holy Land, and on his return had a dream which NEATH ABBEY. FOUNDED BY SIR RICHARD DE GRANVILLE, CIRCA, 1129. The History of the Granville Family. 23 impressed him so deeply that he returned to Jerusalem, and there recorded a vow on the Holy Sepulchre to the effect that he would faithfully perform what he had been told to do in his dream ; namely, to restore to the Welsh, as far as he could ascertain the rights of owners, all the possessions of which they had been so cruelly dispossessed by fraud and violence, and which were in his hands, and to dedicate the remainder to the service of God only. This he did, and with the remainder built the magnificent Abbey of Neath, designed by a Saracen architect, a Christian convert, named Lelys, whom he brought back with him, and who also erected Margam Abbey and several other ecclesiastical edifices in South Wales." The Church was distinguished for the beauty of its propor- tions and general architecture, as well as for its spacious dimensions, which may still be traced. Leland in his " Itinerar)^ " says " Neth Abbey of white monks, a mile above Neth town, standing, also on the ripe of Neth, it seemed to me the fairest Abbey in all Wales." Amongst the ruins there have been discovered some tiles on which the Granville arms are represented. An account of them has been printed by the Neath Philosophical and Antiquarian Society, illustrated by some beautiful drawings from the pencil of Mr. Egbert Moxham. The original charters of Neath and its Abbey were also printed, but not published, by Mr. George Grant Francis in 1845, Math rich illustrations. The following is a copy of the original Foundation Charter of the Abbey : — Carta futidationis per Ricardiim de Grainvilla ex Regist de Netlie penes Edwardum Stradling Eqviit. aur. Circa anno 1129. Notus sit omnibus, tain presentibus, qnam futuris, quod Ego Ricardus de Grainvilla ct (Jonstantia uxor mea pro salute aninite Roberti Comitis de Glocestriai ct Mabillpe uxoris sua; Comitissfe et Wilhelmi filii sui, et pro salute animarum nostraruni ct anteccssorum nostroruni, damns Deo et ecclesiae sancta; Trinitatis de Savigneio, totmii vastum quod est infra has quatuor aquas videlicet Neth, Thavv, (Jloedd, l^oncanum et capellaui nostri castelli de Nethe cum omni decima procurationcs nostra? dnmus in annona et in cajteris rebus, et cum omni decima hominum nostrorum illius provinci.'C, videlicet Francorum et Anglorum et dimidiam partem totius ncjstri piscis de Nethe et molendino de Clcoda et prata onuiia qua; sunt a supre dicto molendino usque ad forsatuni de Nethe ; et omnia ilia quae habimus in villa Naissa in feodo quam teneo di eo in Devinsira, quiuque denarios ; videlicet Bediseg et Crinchentona et viginti solidos in villa de Lytheham, et terram quam ego teneo de Mauricio, salvo redditu ipsius Alauritii : id est. decern solidos ad festum sancti Michaelis, et molendinum de I'andelia cum multura hominum in illo fsodo manentium quem tenneo de Ricardo Sancti Quentini, et donum molendinarii cum duabus acres terra3, et hoc concesserunt .VJauritiuset Richardus ante comitem et comitessam et ante Willielmum filium suum. Hac omnia damns libere et quiete et absque ulla seciilari exactione et Henrici Regis Anglorum patrocinis, et concessione et Roberti Consulis Glocestrensis, et Mabilse uxoris suee comitessse, et Willielmi 24 Tlie History of the Granville Family. filii sui voluntate. E tenore quod Abbas Savigneiencis ecclasise et conventus ejusdem in eadem elemosina conventum Monachorum per henniter inibi sub Abbate permansurum instituent. Hujus donationis sunt testes. Gardinus, capellanus et Torbertus capel- lanus et Picotus. Robertus dapifer, Odo filius suus. Robertus filius Ber .... i^auritius, Richardus de Sancti Quintini, Robertus de Umfravilla, Paganus de Torbivilla, Willielmus pincerna ; Robertus filius Asceliuie ; Thomas de Estona ; Rogerus de Newtona ; Girolt de Bosco ; Herbertus ; Robertus de Grainavilla ; Willielmus de Rei villa et ego Robertus Gloucestrias comes, has omnes res in meo patrocinio custodia et defensione suscipio et Abbas ibidem ce canonice constitutus. The following is Francis's translation of the charter, deposited in the Lansdowne Library, British Museum : — Foundation charter of Neath Abbey by Richard de Granavilla about 1129. Be it known to all, contemporaries as well as posterit}', that I, Richard de Granavilla and Constance my wife, for the salvation of the soul of Robert, Earl of Gloucester, and Mabel his countess, and William his son, and for the salvation of our own, and our predecessor's souls give to God, and to the church of the Holy Trinity of Savigny,' the whole waste land between the four rivers, viz., the Neth (Neath), Tawe (Tawy), Clydach and Pwelleynan (Poman), and the chapel of our castle of Neath with all the tithes of our house in corn and other things, and all the tithes of our people in tliat province, French (Norman) as well as I^nglish ; and one half of all the fish from Nethe (Neath) and the mill of Cloada Clydach, and all the meadows from the above mentioned mill as far as the new mill ditch ; and from the same ditch as i-^v as the river of Nethe, and all that we possess in the state of Naissa (Nash). In the fief which 1 hold from him in Devonshire 5d (denarii), viz., Bedeseg (Bedford, near Black Torrington Devon) and Crincheton, and 20s (solidi) in the estate of Lytheham (Littleham), and the land which 1 hold from Maurice, save the income of Maurice himself, thijt is 10s (solidi) at Michaelmas ; and the mill of Pandelia (Penvylrn in Glamorganshire) with tiie miller's toll of the people who live on that fief, which toll 1 hold from Richard de St. Quentin ; and the honse of the miller with two acres of land. And these things wei'e granted by Maurice and Richard before the Count and the Countess, and before William their son. All this we give for their free and undisturbed possession, and to be exempt from any secular exaction, and by the patronage and permission of Henry, King of the English, and with the consent of Robert Consulis and Mabel his countess and William his son. Under this tenure, that the Abbot of the church of Savigny, and of the convent belonging to it shall on this donation establish a congregation of monks to live there perpetually under their Abbot. Gf this donation there are witnesses Gardin, chaplain ; Torbet, chaplain ; Picot ; Robert the Steward ; Odo, his son ; Robert, the son of Ber ; Maurice ; Richard of St. Quintin ; Robert of Umfraville ; Pagan of Turbiville ; William the butler ; Robert, the ' Saviguy, to which reference is made, was near Lyons. Bishop Tanner writes, that not- withstanding the original donation to Savigny he cannot find that Neath was ever subject to that foreign Abbey, or accounted as alien. Being an Abbey, it could not have been a cell, but, as Stephen says, was rather a daughter house of Savigny. The common seal of the Abbey represented the Blessed Virgin Mary crowned in a standing position, and holding in her right hand a lily and in her left the Infant Jesus. In base, a shield with the arras of the founder. The legend was " Sigillum comuue monaster beatee Marise de Neth." A very imperfect impression of the seal still exists in the Augmentation Ofl&ce. A more perfect one was in the possession of Mr. Matthew Gregson. NEATH ABBEY— THE CRYPT. FOUNDED BT SIR RICHARD DE GRANVILLE, CIRCA, 1129. The History of the Granville Family. 25 son of Acelina ; Thomas of Eston ; Roger of Newton ; Girolt of Boscom ; Herbert ; Robert of Granavilla ; William of Reinville. And I, Robert of Gloucester, take all these things under my patronage, guard, and protection, and I desire that an Abbot be instituted there according to the Canon of the Church. Little did either the founders, or the monks who dwelt there, imagine that their fair Abbey would in time be desecrated by the worship of Mammon, and become a smoky ruin, scarcely distinguishable to the passing traveller from the forges, furnaces, chimneys, and squalid outworks of the great manufacturing establishments by which it is now surrounded ! The anthems of praise and thanksgiving have been superseded by the clank of the steam engine, and the roar of fires ! Strange mutation ! Yet the old Abbey is still pleasant to look upon. It is a memento amidst tlie turmoil of life. It speaks eloquently of a future. It is full of interest to the lovers of antiquity. In a maimscript account of eminent families in Devon and Cornwall, subjoined to a copy of Eisdon's Suivey, (also in manuscript), the following memorandum and verses were found. " I have lately," says the anonymous writer, under date the 15th of July, 1653, " had communicated to me by Mr. John Nichols, of Hartland, a prophesie said to be found in the Abbey of Neath, in Wales, which was kept in a most curious box of jett, written in the year 1400, concerning the founder of that monastery, which is as follows : — Amongst the ti-ayne of valiant knights That with King William came, Greuvile is great, a Norman Ijorne, Renowned by his fame. His lielmet ras'd, and first unlac'd Upon tlie Cambrian shore, Where he, in honour of his God, This Abbey did decore. With costly buildings, ornaments. And gave us spacious lands, As the first fruits which victory Did give into his hands. Now let me see what happiness Shall light upon his line. Or what endowments shall succeed To his in future time. They shall in honour long subsist And fortune still shall smile. Until at length (ah ! woe is me' When Merlin with a wile 26 The History of the Granville Family. Shall them subdue, and bodily In woman's shape appear, To show them Mars his shield Which they kept full many a year. Within Carnarvon ; and in brass Still seek to have immured. But never finding means indeed By Mars to be secured. Because that Vulcan craved a boon Of Jupiter the strong, That Mars his arms should never free A suppliant from wrong. Then shall that famous name decline From worldly wealth awhile, But then again Charles-Magne's reign Shall grace them with a smile. This propliesie was originally written in Latin, and kept there in parchment. Anno 1400." Having finished and settled the foundation of Neath Abbey, Richard de Granville, who must now have been some fourscore years old, returned to his patrimony at Bideford in North Devon, where he lived in great honour and reputation the remainder of his days, though according to an old pedigree of the family, bearing date 1639, it is stated that in his old age, he took upon himself the sign of the Cross, according to the devotion of those times, and went towards Jerusalem, in which journey he died. He was twice married. According to Ordericus Vital is his first wife was Isabel, the only daughter of Walter Giff"ord, Earl of Buckingham in England, and of Lougueville in Normandy, who was co-heiress with her aunt Rohesia (wife of Richard Fitz Gilbert, Lord of Clare) of the great possessions and lordships pertaining to that family. His second wife, the Constance mentioned in the Neath Abbey Charter, is said to have been the daughter of Caradoc ap Arthur, the lord of Glyn Nedd. By his first wife he had issue five sons, (l) Richard who succeeded him in his honours and estates (of whom presently). (2) William, who probably is the William de Corbeil who succeeded Ralph d'Escures in 1123 as thirty-sixth Archbishop of Canterbury. This identification is supported not only by the title " de Corbeil," one of the Norman lordships belonging to the family, but also by the important position which the Granvilles occupied at this time, and their kinsmanship to the royal House. It must be remembered that many of the The History of the Granville Family. 27 Conqueror's relatives held, as was natural, high positions in the Church ; tor example, William Warelwast, the King's cousin, held the bishopric of Exeter. Moreover, according to Le Neve, who quotes his authorities, William de Corbeil was nominated by the King, and elected to the see of Canterbury, pursuant to the conge d^elii^e of the King, dated Gloucester, February the 4th, 1123. The King certainly appears to have been at Gloucester when the see of Canterbury fell vacant, and re- membering the connection between the lords of that honour and the King, and the consequent influence their relationship must have had, the identity of William, son of Richard de Granville, Earl of Corbeil, with this ecclesiastic seems almost positive. There is a long account of William de Corbeil in Godwin's De Presentibus, p. 97. He says he was first a cleric secular ; then a Benedictine monk ; afterwards Prior of St. Osyth, a house of canons regular, which Richard de Beamer, Bishop of London, had established at Chich before the year 1118. The priory was erected on the site of a decayed nunnery, originally founded by Osyth, wife of Sighere, King of Essex, in the seventh century. It was situated on the bank of the river Coin, in the hundred at Tendring, in the northern division of the county of Essex, about eleven miles distant from Colchester. The character of William de Corbeil, as given by his contemporaries, is anything but flattering. The author of the Gesta Stephani describes him thus : — " He was a man of smooth face and strictly religious manners, but much more ready to amass money than to spend it." Henry of Huntingdon, in his letter to Walter, in which he describes the leading men of the day, thus curtly disposes of him : — " The see of Canterbury was filled by William, of whose merits nothing can be said, for he had none." His name was a standing jest ; he was called " William de Turbine," or, as it is wittily translated by Arch- deacon Churton, "not William of Corboil but William of Turmoil." Undoubtedly some allowance, as Dean Hook remarks, must be made for party feeling, which at this time ran high in the Church of England. " How differently would the same man be at the present day described by the editors of religious journals representing the opposite factions in the Church ; neither party perhaps wilfully perverting the truth, and yet leaving a false impression." According to Simeon of Durham, W^illiam de Corbeil's first appearance in history is as one of the clerks of Ralph Flambard, 28 Tlie History of the Granville Family. Bishop of Durliam, To have been a chaplain of the Bishop of Durham is certainly not to his credit. Ralph had been the chancellor and chief adviser of AVilliam Rufus, and the ready and efficient instrument of the extortion and tyranny of that monarch. But as a set oft" against the position of William de Corbeil in the household of this prelate, it is to be mentioned that he was in frequent and familiar intercourse with the saintly Anselm. As Anselm was one of the persons most deeply injured by Ralph Flambard in his worst days, we may infer that their reconciliation took place through the intervention of William de Corbeil, who, though himself accused of avarice, was nevertheless always accounted a man of piety. The evil results of the feudal system upon the Episcopate were never more remarkably seen than at this time. In the long conflict for the crown, the bishops ever came to the front as military leaders, and their spiritual character passes entirely out of view. They aftected a royal pomp, built castles and towers, and fortified structures, furnished their castles with provisions and weapons, soldiers and l)owmen ; and while they were supposed to be restraining malefactors and church robbers, were even more cruel and merciless than they in oppressing their neighbours and spoiling their goods. Foreseeing probably the contest for the throne, which so soon Ijroke out on the accession of Stephen, William de Corbeil obtained of Henry I. the custody of the castle of Rochester, which gave him a feudal position of extreme importance, and enabled him to take far too active a part in the struggles which ensued after the King's death. Pope Honorious II. made him his legate over England and Scotland. The ljull confirming his appointment is quoted at length by Dean Hook. He lias been greatly blamed for accepting this position, but doubtless he thought that by so doing the long standing controversy between the Archbishops of Canterbury and York as to precedence would be settled ; and it is clear that he did not imagine that he was conceding the rights of his see from the style which he adopted in con- vening a council at Westminster, 27th May, 1127. "The canons," he Ma-ote, "have been prepared by the authority of Peter, the Prince of the Apostles, and our oivn." Two events principally marked his tenure of the primacy. First, the consecration of the cathedral at Canterbury, the 4th May, 1130, after the completion of the work, which had been commenced by Lanfranc and carried on by Anselm. " A dedication so famous," says Gcrvas, " was never heard of on the Tlie History of the Granville Family. 29 earth since the dedication of the Temple of Solomon." Henry, King of England, and David, King of Scotland, with many of the nobles and all the bishops of England, were present. The offerings of the King and the Archbishop are recorded. The King gave to the Chapter the church of St. Martin's at Dover ; the Archbishop eight pounds a year out of his manor at Eeculver. The second great event occurred five years after- wards, when William de Corbeil officiated at the coronation of King Stephen. This act has also been much criticised, inasmuch as in 1118 he had been the first to make oath that, in the event of Henry's death without male issue, he would acknow- ledge the Empress Matilda as Queen of England and Duchess of Normandy. But it may be fairly supposed that he did not yield until Hugh Bagot, seneschal of the deceased monarch, declared on his oath that Henry in his last moments had, in his presence, released the chiefs of the realm from the oath of allegiance which they had taken to Matilda. The coronation took place probably on St. Stephen's Day, 26th December, 1135. Very soon afterwards the Archbishop's health began to fail, and the partisans of the Empress were not slow in attributing the circumstance to the reproaches of a guilty conscience. He was taken seriously ill at Mortlake in 1136, and from thence he was carred in a litter to Canterbury, where he died on All Saints' Day, the 1st November, 1136, having occupied the see for thirteen years. His enemy, the author of " Gesta Stephani," relates that " at his death the King's officers found immense sums secretly hoarded in his coffers, whicli, if he had distributed for charitable uses when alive, in imitation of the steward of the gospel, who made friends of the mammon of unrighteousness, ancl had dispersed abroad and given to the poor, so that his name should be had in everlasting remembrance, he would have better fulfilled the character of a good shepherd." (3) The third son of Kichard de Granville was named Robert. He was one of the witnesses to the charter of Neath Abbey, and also to a charter of William de Ligures, lord of the fee of Borestall, in the county of Bucks, three miles from Wootton. His marriage is not mentioned, but he had issue two sons, Gerard and Robert, who are both named in the charter of their cousin. Sir Eustace de Greinvile, to William, son of Nigil, of a yard of land in Chilton, Gerard, the eldest, married and had issue four sons, but after a few generations his line terminated in coheirs, and his great-grand-daughter Nichola was the wife of Sir Richard Hampden, from whom the 30 The History of the Granville Family. Hampdens of Buckinghamshire claim lineal descent. Robert, the youngest son, married a certain " Erneberche," with whose consent, and that of his eldest son Gerard, he became a bene- factor to the Abbey of Nutley. William cle Greinvile, their second son, is frequently mentioned in the register of Nutley Abbey, and attended King John in his expedition to France, (4) A fourth son of Richard de Granville was named Gerard, since he is mentioned as brother to Robert in their nephew. Sir Eustace de Greinvile's deed. This Gerard held of Walter Giftard, Earl of Buckingham, three knights' fees in that county, and is also shown by the Pipe Rolls, 3rd Henry II., to have paid his proportion to an " aid " levied by the Sheriff there in 1156. His son and heir Richard, is the ancestor of the Grenvilles of Buckinghamshire, who have been seated at Wootton under Barnwood in that county from the reign of Henry I., where the family maintained the first rank amongst the neighbouring gentry, securing the office of high sheriff, etc. The direct descendant of this branch was Richard Grenville, Esq., of Wootton, M.P. for Andover, and afterwards for the town of Buckingham. He married Hester Temple, second daughter of Sir Richard Temple, Bart., of Stowe, in the county of Buckingham, who, on the decease of her brother Richard, Viscount and Baron Cobham, the 13th September, 1749, inherited as Baroness and Viscountess Cobham, and was created Countess of Temple, 18th October, 1749, with the reversionary dignity of Earl Temple to her heirs male. Her eldest son, the first Earl Temple, died without issue, and the title devolved on his death (llth September, 1779) upon his nephew George, who was created, 4th December, 1784, Marquess of Buckingham, and whose son Richard was further elevated, 4tli February, 1822, to the Marquessate of Chandos and the Dukedom of Buckingham and Chandos. (5) It remains now to mention a fifth son of Sir Richard de Granville, viz., Ralph, the father of Sir Eustace to whom reference has been already made more than once. Ralph appears as a witness to a grant in favour of the Abbey of St. Stephen's, Caen, by Roger de Montgomery, Earl of Arundel and Salop, the brother of Sybill the wife of Robert Fitzhamon. Sir Eustace was Constable of the Tower of London, 16 King John, and a benefactor to Nutley Abbey. The eldest son, Richard de Greinville, de Grenvilla, or de Grenvil, (for so the name is variously spelt", married Adelina, daughter of Robert de Bellemout, Earl of Mellent in France and first Earl of Leicester in England, by Elizabeth, daughter The History of the Granville Family. 31 of Hugh the Great, Earl of Vermandois, son of King Henry of France. She was the widow of Hugh Montfort. This Eichard, like his father, became a crusader. St. Bernard had traversed Europe and awakened the passionate valour of all orders, and the Pope, Eugenius HI., had addressed an animated epistle to Western Christendom, promising the same privileges offered by his predecessor Urban, the remission of all sins, and the pro- tection of the crusaders' estates and families during their absence in the Holy Land, under the tutelage of the Church. Of all these holy wars none had been announced with greater ostentation ; of none had it been more boldly averred that it was of divine inspiration, the work of God ; of none had the hopes, the prophecies of success been more confident ; none had been conducted with so much preparation and pomp ; none had as yet been headed by kings ; none ended in such total and deplorable disaster. At least thirty thousand lives were sacrificed, and there was not even the consolation of one glorious deed achieved. Amongst those that perished was Eichard de Granville, 1147. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Eichard, who held the manor of Bideford by half a knight's fee of the honour of Gloucester in the reign of Henry the Second, and in the twelfth year of the same reign he is mentioned in the rolls as holding three knights' fees and a half in Devon and Cornwall. In the second year of the reign of King John, 1200, he was knighted, being styled Lord of Bideford and Kilkhampton In the same year his name appears as one of the sureties or manucaptors for Hugh de Stodun and others, and later, according to an ancient deed, he was a witness to the release of Gilbert de Polkwinal to John Kilgarth of all his right in certain lands in Kilg.vrth and Lanzalewis, in Cornwall. In the year 1204 King John (by a charter dated the 14th September), granted and confirmed to him, by the name of Eichard, eldest begotten son of Eichard de Grenvil, the marriage of the daughter and heir of Thomas de Middleton, with all her inheritance, fees, etc. And in case of his demise to the next son, and so from son to son to the youngest. And in case of the death of all the sons then that the said heir should be nepoti to the grandson or nephew of Eichard de Grenvil, and that he should have the wardship of the said heir till she came of age. For this grant he gave the King a palfrey. In Bennett's " History of Tewkesbury," pp. 340 — 344, we find that the living of Bideford had been given in the reion of Henry the First to Tewkesbury Abbey, the patronage being 32 Tlie History of the Granville Family. vested in Mabel, Countess of Gloucester. This Richard de Greinville had the misfortune to become involved in legal proceedings with the Abbot of Tewkesbury concerning the advowson of the Churches of Bideford and Kilkhampton ; and in the second year of the reign of King John he paid forty marks and a palfrey to have an assize against that prelate. The lawsuit lasted many years, but at last a compromise was effected in his grandson's time, and we read in " Nevyll's Registers," fol. 7, that the advowson of S. Mary's Church, Bideford, was annexed to the manor of Bideford. He married, according to Austin's pedigree, one Gundreda, by whom he left a young family, all under age at the time of his death, 1204. The King gave the land and wardship to Richard Fleminge, and, in case of his demise, to his sons, one or more of them, until tlie children came of age.^ For this wardship Fleminge paid the King six hundred marks and six palfreys. The King's precept to the SheritF of Devon to deliver over the possession of the lands in that county to Fleminge, is dated the 27th April, 1205, and is as follows : — Johannes Dei gratia, etc., etc. Sciatis nos concessiste, etc. Ricardo Fleming c\istodiam terranim ct hajrednm Ricardi de Greinville, etc. 6 Regis .Joliannis dc terris Norman. Ibid Ricardus le Fleming dat 600 marcos et sex palfridos pro hal)endo maritageo cnstodia terrarum- et hieredum Ricardi de Greinville et maritageo Gnndreda) nxoi-is pncdicti Ricardi. Ita qnod cum illos maritarc voluerit, id Domino Regi scire faciat at lioc assensu Regis fiat. Ft si tilius ipsius Ricardi dc Greinvdle infra ictatiuu decesserit Rex concedit eidem Ricardo le Fleming ciistodiam filiarum prtedicti Ricardi de Greinville cum terris et niaritagcis earum, eodem modo. Ft si Ricus Ic Fleming decesserit infra terminum Rex concedit quod filii sui scilicet Ricardus Wilhelmus, Henricus et Laurentius vel tres vel duo vel mius corum (si de aliis liunianibus contigerit) liabeant custodiam pricdictam cum prtcdicto maritageo eodem modo (Row ver's ;\bi-idgemcnt, MSS.) His son Riclinrd (the fourtli in succession of tliat name) is dcseril)cd in tlie Patent Rolls, 8 John, m. 2, as paying five marks to have the privileges of the inhabitants of Bideford equalised with those of Exeter. There is also an old charter (without date) quoted by Watkins in his " Hi.story of Bideford," which was probably granted by this Richard, who was a con- temporary of Sir Richard Coffin, of Alwington, one of the witnesses of the grant. It is as follows : — Sciant premites et fiifuri quod erin Richardus filiua Richardi dn Orerivile, concessi et confinnnvi et pro me et heridibiis mei.s mperpetuarn cartmn Richardi de Grenvile Avi mei Burgensilnis de Bideford cnnfectam in hcee verba : Sciant presenter et fnturi quod ecjo Richardus filias Richardi de Grenvile concessi et ^ " The King grantis to Richard Flaminge the custody of the lands and the wardship and marriage of the heir.s of Richard de Grenville, and the marriage of their mother Gundreda." — Sjdlabus of Rymers Fo;deia. The History of the Granville Family. 33 presenii rJiarta mea cmfirmavi imioersis qui hurgagiiim terient ef fenebunt in villn de Bidcford, etc., etc. 'That is, " Let all men that are present and to come, know, that I Richard the sou of Richard de Grenvile, have granted and confirmed, for me and my heirs for ever, the ^\riting of Richard de Grenvile, my grandfather, made to the burgesses of Bideford in these words : Let all men that are present and to come, know, that I Richard de Grenvile have granted, and by this my present writing confirmed, to all those who do or shall hold a burgage within the town of Bideford, as well as on the east part of the water of the Torridge, as on the west part, all liberties of Britolia, as far as in my power doth lie, to defend to them and to whomever they shall assign, to be liolden and had of me, and of my heirs for ever ; that is to say, in such 7nanner, that eveiy one holding one messuage or a garden with six acres of laud abroad of my lordship, shall pay for the same on the feast of St. Michael, to me or my bailiff, in the town of Bideford, twelve pence ; and he that holds one messuage with an orchard only, shall yield to me for the same sixpence the same day, for all services and exactions, excepting only homage. And if it happen that any of the aforesaid burgesses shall make default, or offend in any thing in my court, they shall for sixpence be clearly discharged thereof. And if they will wage law, they shall do it with their hands. And T have also granted to the said burgesses common of pasture with their beasts thi-ougliout, one on the west part of the river Torridge, where, in the time of Richard my father, they were wont to common : And that every one maj'give or sell his burgage, or otherwise alienate, saving to me and my heirs the rent of assize of every such burgage : And that every one for his or their burgage against me and my heirs, shall pay for a release twelve pence and no more. And I have also granted to the aforesaid burgesses of Bideford, toward the enlarging of the liberties aforesaid, that they shall do suit to my court from month to mouth, or for a shorter time, upon reasonable warning, on Tuesday : And that the portreeve of the town be at the court to shew forth the attach- ments and plaints belonging to the lord, as it hath been used and accustomed. And I have also granted that all the burgesses of Bideford, and everv of them, in fairs and markets throughout all my lauds, town, and waters, they shall be quiet and free from all toll, custom, censary, or stallage, to be given to me or to any of mine. And on the Tuesday next after the feast of St. Michael, all the aforesaid burgesses shall come to my aforssaid court (except those of whom it shall be faithfully testified that they are beyond the sea, or on pilgrimage, or in doing their affairs and merchandizing without the country) : And then they shall chuse one burgess to be head officer ; and the same head officer shall have, throughout the year, toll and censary of the town by land and water, to the year's end for ten shillings to me to be paid, saving to me and my heirs the toll of my market on the Monday. And for tliis my grant and confirmation, the aforesaid burgesses of Bideford have given tome four marks of silver. And this my present writing, with the impi-ession or print of my own seal I have made effectual for ever, these being witnesses, Sir Richard Coffin, Richard of Spekcot, knights, Peter of Halsberry, Riciiard Snellard, Wellan J)ake, Osbert of Bury, Richard of Kokematon, and many others. To this charter is appended a circular seal in green wax, on which is a heater-shaped shield charged with the Granville arms, the inscription surrounding it being " siGiL ric de GRENVILE." It is also on record that in the 12th and 13th of King John this Richard de Grenvile held three knights' fees and a half in 34 The History of the Granville Family. the counties of Devon and Cornwall of the honour of Gloucester. He married his father's ward, the daughter and heir of Thomas Fitz Nicholas, of Middleton, and died young about the year 1217, leaving a son, Richard, under age and in ward to the King, w^ho granted the wardship and custody of his lands to Ealph Bloet. This fifth Richard de Grenvile it was who in the 22nd Henry the Third (having before that year been knighted) compromised the long controversy between his family and Robert, the Abbot of Tewkesbury, before William of York and his fellow justices itinerant, in Cornwall, at Launceston. The Abbot and monastery quitted all their claim upon all former controversies of them and their prececessors to the said Sir Richard, who, on his part, granted them five marks yearly, as long as he lived, to be received of Roger de Founteney, and on his decease they should have his lands in Campden in Gloucestershire. This controversy, after so many years of lawsuit was thus amicably settled in the presence of Richard, Earl of Cornwall, the King's brother, and several others on the 11th June, 1238. [" Annales Monastici" (Luard) and " Annales de Theokesteria," vol. i., p. 107.] In the " Annales de Theokesteria," p. iii. his death and l)urial are thus recorded : — A.D. 1240 circa kal Junii obiit Ricardiis de Greyiivill et sepultus est in capitulo Sancti Jacobi Bristollis. And in the wall of the south aisle of that church, towards the east, is a recessed tomli supporting a recumbent figure, which a modern inscription purports to represent Roliert, Earl of Gloucester, the founder of the Priory. But as it is known that he was buried in tlie choir, and as the Granville arms are on a shield, we may conclude that this is the toml) of Sir Rieliard. The efhgy, that of a young man with beard and moustache, is moreover considered by no less an authority than Mr. Planche to l)e at least half a century later than the Earl of Gloucester's demise. [Journal of Archceol. Assoc., xxxv., 37.) Si I" Hichard had married Jane, daughter of William Trewent, of Blisland, in the hundred of Trigg Minor. There was formerly a mansion of great antiquity at Blisland, but now only the large (Tothic arch of the principal entrance remains. After her husliand's death she brought forward her writ of (lower to have restored to her the lands in Campden, which had been grantetl in compromise to the Abbey of Tewkesbury, and gained the day. It is a noticeable fact that the Grevilles, Earls of Warwick, claim Campden as their original home, having been seated there 1)efore 23rd Edward the Third, and moreover, The History of the Granville Family. 35 that their arms are the same as those of the Buckinghamshire Grenvilles, with the tinctures changed and a border added for difference, namely, five torteaux on a cross argent. This certainly seems to point to a common origin. Sir Eichard lelt four sons all under age, viz., Richard, Bartholomew, Robert, and William, who rose to be first Chancellor of England, then l)ean of Chichester, and finally Archbishop of York. CHAPTER III. William de Grenvile or Greenfield (as the name appears in the " Fasti Eboracenses," whence this account of his life is mainly taken), appears as a Student at Oxford, 12G9 — 1270, of which University he became D.C.L. and D.D. He obtained preferment in the Church at an eai-ly age, for whilst still at Oxford his kinsman. Archbishop Gifiard, collated him to the Stall of Halloughton at Southwell, S. Thomas' Day, 1269. This he resigned in the summer of 1272, having been promoted on the 29th of July to a Prebendal Stall in Kipon Cathed'-al. In the month of August, 1287, his name occurs as Canon of Laughtou in the Minster of York. Between 1291 and 1294 he held the living of Blockley in Worcester, and in the latter year he obtained the Rectory of Stratford-on-Avon, which he held till he became Archbishop. He was also preferred to the Pre- bendal Stall of Holl)orn in St. Paul's Cathedral as well as to the Deanery of Chichester in 1299. He was, moreover, the temporal Chancellor of the Diocese of Durham. But, as was the custom of those times, he comljined civil duties with ecclesiastical. He ^\'as one the clerks of Edward I., probably in connection with the Chancery or Exchequer. On the 3rd of February, 1290, he was one of the three persons whom the King sent to Rome about the subsidy for the Crusade. The following year he was engaged in treating with the Kings of Arragon, Sicily and France. In 1292 he was with the King at Norhani when he was busy with the affairs of Scotland, and he and J. de Lascy were appointed to pay the debts which the King had incurred since his coronation. In 1295 he received a summons to the Parliament at Westminster, and he was called to the meetings of that body and of the Council in 1297, 1298, 1299, 1301 and 1302 in his capacity as Clerk of the Council. On the 1st of January, 1296, he and others were sent to make a Truce with France^ and Treaties with Guelders and Flanders. On the 25th of April, 1302, he was made one of the King's Proctors to carry on negociations with France, and on the 15th ' (Year Books of the reigu of King Edward the First, Edited and translated by A. J. Horwood, p. xix.) " There is among the Royal and other Letters, one (No. 1367), addressed by Edward I. to the King of France (Philip IV.) which states that the writer sent the Bishop of London, Roger Brabazon, kt., and WiUiaia de Grenfeud, Professor of Civil Law, to settle the terms of a treaty relative to disputes at sea. Very probably the Professor was the William de Greenfield who was afterwards Canou of York, Dean of Chichester, and (a.d. 1302) Chancellor." The History of the Granville Family. 37 of August he was empowered to treat for peace with that country. After serving as a clerk in Chancery, he was advanced to the honourable position of Lord Chancellor of England (30th Sept. 1302) as successor to John do Langton. The following account of his appointment is taken from " Campbell's Lives of the Lord Chancellors ": — On Sunday, the morrow of St. Michaels in the same year in the King's Chapel at St. iiedegund^ immediately after mass in the presence of the Lord John de Drakensford and others, Chaplains and Clerks of the said Chapel of the King, Lord Adam de Osgodebey delivered the Great Seal to our Lord the King, who then received it into his own proper hands, and straightway delivered it to Master William de Grenefield Dean of Chichester, whom he had chosen for his Chancellor, to keep, and the said Chancellor delivered the said Seal again to the said. Adam to be carried with him the said Chancellor to Dover ; and on the same day at Dover the Chancellor received it back from the said Adam, and the next day sealed wills with it in the House of God there. AVilliam de Grenvile is described, after having been raised to his new dignity, as "eminent in counsel and very eloquent." lie and Ed^vard's other ministers were excessively unpopular, insomuch, that at a Parliament called soon after his appointment, an attempt was made to carry a favourite scheme, which had been several times brought forward in weak reigns about this period of English history, but which we should not have expected to find proposed to him who had conquered AVales, and led his victorious armies to the extremity of Scotland, viz., that the Chancellor, Chief Justice and Treasurer should be chosen or appointed by the community of the kingdom. The King by Grenvile's advice stoutly refused, and his firmness had such an effect that the Barons humbly begged the King's pardon for their presumption. The only other public matter in which Grenvile was con- cerned during his Chancellorship, was in framing an answer to a letter which the Pope had written to Edward remonstrating with him upon his invasion of Scotland, and claiming that Kingdom as a right belonging to the see of Kome ; but his holiness was gravely assured that " ever since the coming of Brute and his Trojans into this island, Scotland had been under feudal subjection to the Kings of England, who had frequently made a gift of it to one of their subjects and resumed the gilt at their pleasure." The Barons of England to the number of one hundred and twelve unanimously concurred in an address to the Pope, " devoutly kissing his blessed feet," in which they told him * (Bradsole Abbey uear Dover). 38 The History of the Granville Family. that he had no right to interfere in the affairs of Scotland which belonged exclusively to the Crown of England. It is curious that although this address was voted in Parliament and appears on the Parliament Roll subscribed by all the Barons, it is not subscribed by the Chancellor or any spiritual peer. Grenvile had good reason to avoid appearing too openly in this controversy, yet, in spite of his precautions, the Roman Pontiff became cognisant of the part he had taken in the matter, and on his election to the Archbishopric of York refused to allow his consecration, although he was not liable to any reasonable objection. Letters and proxies being in- effectual, the Archbishop elect resolved to go in person to Rome, and in order to show his devotedness to his spiritual duties, he absolutely resigned the office of Chancellor before his departure. According to Pryune's Records, iii. 1073, the King himself sent a certificate and letter to the Pope on Grenvile's behalf, speaking therein of his merits and services in terms of high praise.^ But in spite of this royal intercession his con- secration was still delayed, and at last only granted on the payment of 9,500 marks, " a sum exceeding by 2,000 marks the entire revenues of his cathedral and the dignitaries places therein, as valued in the King's Books at the time," The ceremony was performed by Clement V. at Lyons, on the 30th of January, 1306, more than a twelve-month after his election had received the royal assent.^ The cost of his ' Sanctissimo in Christo Patri Domino C. divina Providentia Sanct* Romance ac Univer- salis Ecclesise Summo Pontifici ; Edioardus eadem gratia Rex Anglim, &c. devota pedum oscala beatorum. Vacante nuper Ecclesia Eboracemi and sua3 viduata Pastore, Decauus et Gapitulum ejusdem Ecclesiaj ad electiouem de future prseficiendo Pontifice procedentes, inter alios quos ad ejusdem Ecclesice regimen utiles fore conspexerunt ad personam dilecti Clerici ct Cancellarii nostri Magistri W, de Grenefeld Ecclesiaj procdictiB Canouici suae consideratiouis intuitum direxerunt, & ipsum concorditer eligerunt in ipsius Ecclesiai Archiepiscopuna & Pastorem ; Nos autem ejusdem Eleeti, cuj us altitude Consilii, assiduis, scientia literalis, & iudustria circumspecta ad qutclibet agenda salubriter dirigenda, necnou & nobis ac reguo nostro dinosictur esse perutilis, commodi &. honoris desiderantes augmentum, Sanctitati vestrie omni qua possumus instantia supplicamus, quatinus pra;missis clementi meditatione pensatis, prse, prsefatum Electum qui pro confirmationis et consecrationis munere Deo piopitio favorabiliter obtinendo ad prtesentiam vestrso dominationis accedit, Apostolici favoris presidio dignemini prosequi, et juxta speratam fiduciam celeriter atque fasliciter expedire, Firmiter enim speratur & creditur, quod per solertem memorati Electi iudustriam & evidentem pra3rogativam virtutum ipsius, in Spiritiialibus & temporalibus utilia & salubria suscipiet incrementa, quodque per votivam prajfectionem illius plus providebitur eidem Ecclesise quam personae. Conservet vos Altissimus ad regimen EcclesiiB sute Sanctae per tempora prospera and longiora. Dat. apud Line, 31. die Decemhris, Anno regni etc. 33. ^ (Hemingburgh ii, p. 233.) Eodem anno obiit Thomas archiepiscopus Eborum, mense Septembri scilicet nono kalendas Octobris, et sepultus est apud Sutwell, sexto kalendas Octobris. Cui successit magister Willelmus de Grenefelde, die Veneris ante festum Sancti Nicholai electus, et 'Lugduuo a papa Clemente XII. confirmatus in sequenti anno. (Murimuth continuatio chronicarum. Ed. E. M. Thompson, p. 8.) Hoc anno papa fecit Antonium de Bek, episcopum Dunelmeusem, patriarcham Jerosolo* mitauum, et arch iepiscop urn Eboracensem W[illelmum] de Grenefelde confirmavit,.., Hie History of the Granville Family. 39 residence at Rome and the enormous sum he had been obliged to disburse, so effectually drained his resources that he returned to England literally a beggar. On his arrival the King issued a writ for the restitution of his temporalities,^ and on the 30th of May, Grenvile required of the Dean and Chapter the profits which they had derived from their administration of the spiritualities of the see during the vacancy. On the 21st of November, 1306, he wrote to William, Cardinal-priest of St. Potentiana, professing his entire inability to pay the money which he owed at Rome, and liegging the Pope to respite him till Christmas. He had not, he stated, received any of the revenues of the Archbishopric for the current year, as they had been assigned to a certain nobleman [John de Brittania Earl of Richmond], and he could "neither pay the disme imposed by the Pope nor the trois disme for the expedition to Wales, to say notliing of the costly equipment of ten knights which he was required to provide." On the 15th of February he wrote to another cardinal to entreat for a little longer time, and pleading as his excuse the great straits he w^as in and his poverty. On the 26th of June, 1307, Francis Rodolossi and the company of the Bellardi at Lucca, of which he was a member, entered into an obligation to pay for the Archbishop to the chamberlain of the Pope and the College of Cardinals the large sum of four thousand florins. This sum would probably release Grenvile from his debts at Rome, but the borrowed money was to be raised and repaid, and to do this he was obliged to throw him- self upon the kindness of his friends; and to have recourse to the clergy of his diocese for subsistence, first by way of " benevolence," and the second time of " subsidy " — a dis- tinction, it would seem, without a difference ! York at this time was invested with considerable political importance. The wars with Scotland had converted it into a a military position, and it became for a time the capital, as it were, of England. Several Parliaments were held in the city, and the Courts of Justice were also removed thither from London, and they did not return for seven years. In 1299 a large army had assembled at York under the command of John ' (Prynne's Records, iii, 1145.) Rex Dilectis et fidelibus suis Lamherto de ThrikingJiam el Johanni de Byron Custodibiis suis Archiepiscopatus Ehorum sede vacante salutem. Cum Dominus summus Poi tifex electionem nuper celebratam in Ecclesise Cathedrali Eborum. de discrete viro Magistro WilUelmo de Grenefeilde Canonico ejusdem Ecclesise in Arcbiepiscopum illius loci, cui privs regiuni assenmm. adhihuimus et favurem, confirmaverit, suit per literas ipsius summi Ponlificis Bullatas nobis inde directas nobis constat, Nos con- firmacionem illam aceeptantes, cepimus fidelitatem ipsius Archiepiscopi, et temporalia Archiepiscopatus praidicti prout moris est restituimus eideni. Et ideo vobis mandamus, quod eidem Archiepiscopo tempuralia Archiepiscopatus prtedicti liberetis sicut prasdictum est. Teste Kege apud Wynton, 31 die Marcii. 40 TJie History of the Granville Family. de Warren, Earl of Surrey, for service in Scotland. The position of the Archbishop as a great potentate in the North would necessarily involve him in negociations with Scotland and in the wars that too frequently interrupted them. He was obliged at a great cost to find a contingent for the army. He resided principally at Cawood Castle, the noble old palace- fortress on the banks of the Ouse, whose ruins now look down in melancholy silence on the waters of that turbid river. Here Archbishop Grenvile was frequently called upon to play the part of host to the distinguished men who were passing to and fro from the wars ; indeed, during the five years occupied by Edward in sulijugating the Scotch, Queen Marguerite herself made it her residence, tlie King usually joining her there during the winter season. Thus this magnificent pile of feudal grandeur — the Windsor of the north, as it was called — sewed at this time a double purpose. Within the walls raised by the church for the quiet, secluded home for its prelates and for its own services, the Court was being held — the scene of gaiety and wordly distraction. In the silence of lis chapel, which had shortly l)efore Grenvile's time, been erected within the walls of the palace, the Archbishop was praying for the safety of his monarch and the success of his arms, and ordering prayers and processions in all the churches of his diocese to be made on behalf of the King, the army in Scotland and those going thither, each time granting indulgences of forty days to the faithful and obedient. In the courtvard of the castle, amidst the constant assembly of armed men, we hear the merry laugh of the light-hearted young sokliei's as they mount their chargers and ride away to the scenes of death, charmed with the smiles of courtly dames, and impelled l)y the reputation of " noble names and kniohtlv sires." o ^ 'V\\cy hurued the liilded sjjurs to cUum, For well coidd eacli a war-liorse tame ; Could draw a bow, the sword could sway, And lightl}" bear the ring awa\'. Noi- less with courteous pi-ecepts stored, Could dance in hall and carve at board ; And frame love ditties passing rare. And sing them to a lady fair. And thus in intermingling prayers and the clash of arms, those turbulent " times rolled on, changing little either as to hopes or fears. To Archbishop Grenvile, Cawood Castle owed much according to Mountain (though how to reconcile his statement with tlie ^ "Old Yorkshire" by W. Smith, F.S.A.S. The History of the Granville Family. 41 Archbishop's poverty it is difficult to see), who states that it was at this prelate's expense, about the year 1306, that the brick work of the Castle was added, or the old stone buildings taken away and new-built with brick." The Archbishop's advice and assistance were often sought for and required in the Councils of the nation. He was sum- moned to the Parliament at Westminster in 1306, and on the 2nd of July in that year, he and the Bishop of Lichfield were made the guardians of the Kingdom. In 1307 he was called to Edward's last Parliament at Carlisle, and there he proclaimed the peace between France and England. On the 26th of August, 1307, he was summoned to attend a parliament "to be held at Northampton, in the quinzaine of Michaelmas, con- cerning the exequies of the late King and the marriage and coronation of the present King." On the 18th of January following he was ordered to attend the King's coronation at Westminster. In consequence of the suspension of the Arch- bishop of Canterbury, the Pope had desired Grenvile to officiate on this occasion, but a reconciliation was subsequently effected between the King and the southern primate, who was thus enabled to maintain and exercise his privilege. The reign of the new King was anything but a happy one. Greatness was always within his reach, for he was by no means destitute of ability, but he forgot it among the fops and fools who surrounded him. York again became the capital of the Kingdom, and Cawood became the royal residence once more, both Edward II. and Queen Isabella and their children staying there when the Scottish wars were resumed. On the 21st of June, 1308, the Archbishop received an order " to be at Carlisle in the octave of the Assumption of St. Mary next with all his service, to proceed with the King into Scotland in order to suppress the rebellion of Robert de Brus." On the 16th of August he was summoned to attend Parliament at Westminster, and again on the 8th of January '' to treat with the King and other prelates and magnates concerning the affairs of the Kingdom. He received a similar summons on the 8th of March. On the 11th of June he was summoned "to attend a Council at Stamford, on the Sunday after the Feast of S. James the Apostle, to advise concerning the punishment of the Scots who have broken the truce granted to them by the King at the request of the King of France," and in October of that year he was summoned to attend the Parliament to be held at York (afterwards changed to Westminster), on the Sunday next after the Feast of the Purification " to consider the state of Scotland." In the 42 Tlie History of the Granville Family. following June he receives a request that he will " aid the King by way of loan (de prest) with victuals for his Scotch expedition, to wits of one hundred quarters each of wheat malt beans and pease ; two hundred quarters of oats and forty beeves, and one hundred sheep, and that he be ready to deliver the same to the Sheriff of York, at the Gule of August next, in order to carry them to Scotland, and if it happen that the Archbishop be unable to furnish each parcel aforesaid, the King desires him to provide it elsewhere, so that the King be aided by him entirely with the same victuals." He is requested to take his request, so great and so hastily made, to heart, and to perform it willingly, as he esteems the honour and profit of the King and his realm, and to certify the King without delay by the bearer of these letters of what he has done herein, and of how far the King may be aided by him de prest on this great and hasty business, and the King shall be bound to him in the price of the said victuals to be paid at Candlemas (Chaundel- lour) next out of the moneys to be levied of the tenth or other issues of the realm." This big order is dated Canterbury, 25th June, 1310, and we can only hope that the Archbishop's financial position was sufficiently improved by this time to enable him to meet it. At any rate, in May of the following year (1311) the King made an order to the Treasurer and Barons of the Exchequer to acquit the Archljishop " of the Scutage that they exact from him for the late King's Welsh armies in the fifth and tenth years of his reign for five knights fees, as the late Archbishop had his service in the said armies, as appears from the rolls of the Marshalsea." The Archbishop was a great supporter of the Knights Templars, an Order half military, half monastic, which had existed for nearly two hundred years. It was wealthy, power- ful and independent. But a charge of the commission of the most atrocious crimes against decency and morality, as well as of hideous blasphemy, had been brought against them. When we consider how the Templars had devoted themselves to the service of the Cross, surrendering alike fortune and life for the sacred cause they had adopted, it is incredible that they would belie their glorious traditions, their practice and their vows. Doubtless there were amongst them many Bois Guilberts, half-priests, half-soldiers, with too great a share of the spirit of the latter ; but the conduct of the great mass of the Order seems to have been irreproachable. The Society however was doomed to destruction, and the first blow was given in France with frightful vehemence. Evidence, which a modern court of The History of the Granville Family. 43 justice would reject in derision, was listened to against it, and noble gentlemen were led to the stake and to torture, rather than confess themselves guilty of offences which they had never perpetrated. Archbishop Grenvile for a long time warded off the attack in England, but at last the power of the Pope pre\^ailed, and though refusing to take any part against the Templars in the province of Canterbury, he consented to preside over a council to be held at York, the result of which proved the good sense of the Northern Clergy. The punish- ment of death was not awarded as in other countries, and there was no cruelty nor torturing. The Templars were sent for a year to religious houses to do penance for their errors, and were then released, and a provision made for their wants. Within a fortniglit after the termination of the gathering at York the Archbishop, in accordance with a Royal mandate, took his journey towards the South. Clement V. had con- vened a General Council which was to meet in the month of October, and the king was anxious that he should be present at it as his envoy. The king gave him letters of credence and safe conduct dated the 10th of October, 1311, and he was welcomed by the Pope, who assigned him an honourable position at the Council, placing him next after the Cardinals and the Prince Archbishop of Treves. The affairs of the Templars and their offences were fully discussed and the meeting prorogued till the month of April, 1312, when the Order was finally dissolved. Evidently the honour paid to the Archbishop of York on this occasion excited the jealousy of the Southern Primate, for the king found it necessary to issue a mandate to him forbidding him " to molest William, Arcli- l)ishop of York, or his men, on his return from the Council General held in parts beyond the the king understands that he and his men were attacked in Kent on his way to the Council by the procurement of the said Archbishop." The old feud about bearing the Cross had already broken out on more than one occasion between the two Primates, and when William de Grenvile went to Rome to seek his consecration, the king had written a letter to the Pope begging that he might be allowed to carry his Cross erect on his return, and had ordered the Archbishop of Canterbury to offer no violence to him on his return as had been intended.^ In the autumn of * (Prynne's Records, iii, p. 1112.) Magistei- WilUdmus de Grenefeld Decanus KcclesiiC Sanctra Trinitatis Cicestrens, qui de Ucencia Regis moratur in Curia Romana, Labet litteras ■ Hegis de protectioue utque ad Festum Nataliii Domini proximo futurum cuiu clausula 44 TJie History of the Granville Family. 1314, when the Court was at York, there was a great risk of collision. The Archbishop of Canterbury was on his way to the city, and it was not likely that he would cede a single point to his rival in the North. On the 31st of August Grenvile ordered his official and the Dean and Chapter of York to resist him. if he asserted the offensive privilege, and directed the services to be suspended at every place and church at which he halted, unless it were the Royal chapel. Instructions were also given to the Archdeacon of Nottingham to check the Southern Primate on his entrance into the Diocese. The king, however, intervened and put an end to the danger by ordering Grenvile to allow his brother to carry his Cross erect during his stay in York. Grenvile must have submitted most unwillingly, and his Grace of Canterbury was not slow in retaliating, for on the 12th of June in the following year, when there was a chance of Grenvile's going into the Diocese of Worcester, a strict injunc- tion was given to the Bishop by his superior that he should not permit the sacred symbol to be raised. On September 4th, 1312, the King at the request of the Archbishop orders the Slierilf of York to " remove without delay the lay and armed force occupying the Churches, Houses and Manors of the Deanery of S. Peter's, Yovk, with the object of disturbing the Archbishop so that he cannot exercise his spiritual office." What this refers to is not known. The following May the Archbishop is summoned to repair at once to the King, " even if he have to Ije carried in a litter or other- wise " Ijefore the Sunday before the Ascension, to have council with the King before the King's journey to France, whither he is going at the request of the Pope and of Philip, King of France, to attend the ceremony of the knighting of King Philip's eldest son at AVhitsuntide," and he received a further summons to attend a Parliament to be held, after the King's volumus, tfcc, except, etc., & except, etc., prsuf. <£-c., Teste liege apud Skene secuudo die Octoh. (Prynue's Eecords, iii, p. 1146.) liex Orririibus Amicis & Ballivis & fidelibus suis ad quos, cOc, salutem. Cum Venerabilis Pater Willielmvs de Grenefeild Eboracensis Archiepis- copus sit ad prscsens a Curia Romana ad nostram prresentiam i-eversurus, vos amicos rogamus vobis, ballivis & fidelibus mandantes, quatenus eidem Archiepiscopo aut familias sute in veniendo ad nos a Curia pisedicta non inferatis, seu quantum in vobis est ab aliis iiiferri permitatis injuviam, molestiam, dampnum, impedimentum aliquod seu gravamen, sed eis potius salvum & securum conductum habere faciatis quociens ab ipso super hoc ex parte nostra fueritis requisiti. In cujus, &c., utque ad festum nativitatie Sancti Johannis Baptista prox. futur. duratur. Teste Eege apud Caneford, 10 die Februarii. Per Breve de privato Sigillo. Hereupon this Archbishop in his return from the Pope's Court this year, was invited to lodge and feast with the Abbot in the Monastery of St. Augustines at Canterbury, yet with special caution in writing concerning the bearing of his Cross within it, lest it should turn to their future prejudice. Eodem anno Archiepiscopus Eboracentis rogatus (est) ab Abbale ad convivandum serum ; facta tamen litera, quod non in prcejudicium domus venirel per Crucis reectionem, qvm talis. TJie History of the Granville Family. 45 return from France, at Westminster, in the quinzaine of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist. The summer of 1314 witnessed the calamitous defeat at Bannockburn when the pride of Edward was laid low. And the best names that England knew, Claimed in the death-prayer dismal due. It was with great difficulty that the King made his escape from the field of battle, and he se3ms never to have paused in his flight till he found himself at York. Grenvile, like a loyal patriot, could not fail to be troubled at the reverse which his country had sustained, and he took an active part in the attempt to rescue her from her misfortunes. Thus, on the 5th of January, 1315, he and the Bishop of Durham were excused from their attendance at Parliament " as they were then busily engaged in protecting the Marches of England against the Scots." Indeed the Archbishop did not long survive the disgrace, but died at Cawood on the Festival of St. Nicholas (Saturday Dec. 6th), 1315, "leaving behind him," says Care w, " the reputation of an able statesman and no ill scholar," whilst Dixon in his " Fasti Eboracenses " speaks highly of his piety and zeal and says that he was "a most excellent and painstaking Diocesan. A question naturally suggests itself when we see those who occupied the highest dignities of the Church employed in secular work of various kinds, presiding over courts of Justice, acting as Ambassadors or Diplomatists at some Foreign Court, and even proving their capacity as Military Leaders in the Field — how fared it with the flock which had been entrusted to their pastoral care ? What oversight did they exercise over the priests and the people who had been so solemnly conmiitted to their episcopal charge ? Viewing the matter as we now do, the anomaly was monstrous, but it would not then be so looked upon. As regarded judicial and diplo- matic appointments, the clergy were the only class of men whose education fitted them to fill them, and the vast territorial possessions of prelates like the Archbishops of York and the Bishops of Durham, placed them in positions, which involved, almost of necessity from their proximity to Scotland, no little attention to the res militaris. The routine work of the Diocese, such as Ordinations, Consecrating of Churches and cemeteries, and the like, was committed by the Archbishops to the care of a Suttragan, who was badly paid and too often treated with scant courtesy by the great Prelate whom he served. When ■the chair of York was filled by a Primate of great capacity like 46 The History of the Granville Family. Grenville, other things were more carefully dealt with than might have been looked for. Considerable light is thrown upon his archiepiscopal career by the study of his Register which proves this commendation to have been deserved. The details of monastic life which his Acts exhibit are most remarkable. He tightened the cords of discipline around his monasteries in a way that none of them would like. He was constantly visiting them and correcting offences even of the most minute kind. He was also very strict with his clergy on the question of non-residence, and he must have been much thwarted and annoyed by the number of foreigneis who were sent over to him for some of the best preferments by the Pope. Grenvile also was a strict disciplinarian with regard to the sins of the laity, especially with reference to grave offences against decency and morality, and in this he knew no difference between rich and poor, and his register abounds with instances of penances inflicted upon persons of rank and noble birth. Curious illustrations occur here and there in the Register of practices which had crept in, and of the attitude taken by the Archbishop respecting them, e.g., we find a mandate addressed to the Chapter of Ripon forbidding them to hold markets in the Minster. An image of the Blessed Virgin had been set up in tlie Church of Foston, and crowds had flocked to it in the belief that some peculiar virtues resided in the particular piece of sculpture. The Archbishop prohibits the adoration of the image. It is a remarkable anticipation of the feeling which subsequently assumed so strong a form. He issues a citation to the Vicar- General of Cardinal Gaetano, the Archdeacon of Richmond, concerning the undue burden to which the Clergy of that iVrchdeaconry were subject, when he was on his visitation. They had been compelled, it seems, to find entertainment for his train of fifteen and sometimes four and twenty horsemen, each of whom had his dog following him, ready for a hunt whenever a stag or a roe-deer might spring from a cover on the road-side. In 1306 he issued an indulgence for the fabric of York Minster, or rather of the new nave which had been commenced in 1291, and for which indulgences were granted by several successive prelates during the time in which it was advancing to its completion. It was near this new nave, after his eventful life was over, that Archbishop Grenvile was laid to rest, in the north transept on the eastern side in the corner adjacent to the choir aisle. The monument which commemorates him, although much mutilated and injured, is a very striking one. The marble WILLIAM DE GRANVILLE. CHANCELLOR OF ENGLAND, 1302-5. DEAN OP CHICHESTER, 1303-4. ARCHBISHOP OP YORK, 1304-15. Prgrn, the Monument in York Minster. Tlie History of the Granville Family. 47 slab that covers his remains was formerly plated with brass, of which nothing remains except a portion of the figure of the Archbishop, which time and neglect have almost entirely obliterated. He wears a mitre, and is clad in full canonicals, and his hand is raised in the act of benediction. Above the tomb there towers a lofty over-arching canopy of richly decorated work, surmounted by a statue of the Archbishop. This is a valuable memorial of the skill of a recent master mason of the cathedral. Between the tomb and the wall there once stood the altar of S. Nicholas, and as the decease of this Archbishop occurred on the Festival of that Saint, this place was most happily and appropriately selected for his interment.^ At the time of Grenvile's death two chantries were in existence at that altar, and on the 28th of April, 1346, Eichard de Cestria, Canon of York, added a third, at which the souls of the Archbishop, of himself and his parents were commemorated, and it was endowed with a house in Over Ousegate. About the year 1735 the Archbishop's tomb was opened, and a fine gold ring with a ruby was taken from the dead man's finger, and is now deposited among the treasures iu the Vestry. The lines of Hugo Grotus may well be applied to it — Annul e qui thecam poteras habuisse sepulcham Hoc natalis erit nunc tibi theca locus. The Archbishop bequeathed another ring, " a pontifical ring, with an emerald in the middle of four rubies and four large pearls" to the Dean and Chapter "to decorate the window of St. William." (See Fabric Rolls ed. Surtees Society 214).' Goodwin tells us (without, however, stating his authorit)^) that the Archbishop bequeathed his library to the monastery of St. Albans, which at that time was in very high repute. His will is not yet discovered. Thomas de St. Albans, Canon of Southwell, and William, son of Robert de Grenvile (the testator's brother) were the two executors. They were released from the responsibility of their charges on the 16th of August, 1322. Robert de Grenvile had died in 1314-5, since on the 20th of February in that year the Archbishop paid to the Friar Preachers and Minors of York 40s. each, and to ' It was behind Archbishop Grenvile's tomb that the fanatic Jonathan Martin concealed himself when he set fire to the Minster in 1829. - This bequest is mentioned in Act. Cap. T. 22 b. iu the following words : " Memorandum quod vij Id. Januarii Anno domini M° 000"'° quintodecimo liberatus fuit anulus, quem deminus Willielmus de Grenefeld quondam Archiepiscopus Ebor : legavit feretro S Willelmi, Decano at Capitulo." The windows of S. William and S. Nicholas are close to the monument, facing the east. 48 TJie History of the Granville Family. the Augustinians and Carmelites 20s. each, of his alms " to say a mass for the soul of our brother Robert de Grenefeld, lately deceased." The Archbishops eldest brother, Richard, the sixth in succession of that name, held in the 40th of Henry III. (1256) " viginti libratas terrse in com: Devon," by Knight's service, and very large possessions elsewhere, and not being at that time a Knight was summoned to take that degree. As " Sir Richard de Granvilla, Knight " he grants Yrania, daughter of Thomas de Grenvil, and to her heirs and assigns, two burgages and six acres of land in Bideford, which escheated to him from Roger de Boteler, of Great Cleve, and " lie on the east of Bideford High Street, the tenement of William Botreaux south, and that of William Whing north." In 1261 he presented to the living of Bideford, Henry de Bratton or Bracton, as the name is usually spelt, a celebrated lawyer as well as a divine. Lord Campbell says of him that he was "one of the greatest jurists who ever lived in any age or in any country." (Lives of Lord Chief Justices i., 63 ) ; and Sir Travers Twiss says, " as long- as the law of England lives, the memory of Bracton will never die." (Braeton's De Legibus Anglie, Ed. Twiss ii., p. Ixxx.) In the last year of Henry Ill's reign (1272) Sir Richard obtained a charter for a market for Bideford on Mondays, and a fair at the Feast of St. Margaret the Virgin. The original charter was kept in the Record Room under the Vestry of the old Parish Church at Bideford, but is no longer in existence, though a copy is preserved in the British Museum, entitled, " Carta Regis Ricardo de Greynvill pro mercatu per diem lunse apud Bideford in com : Devon, et una feria in vigilia et in die S. Margaritie Virginis et per tres dies frequentes." It was found at this time that he held " antiquas furcas" and " an assize of bread and water at Bideford, and free warren on the east side of Toryz (Torridge) water." He also proved his claim to hold a market by prescription at Kilkhampton. (Plac de Jur. et Ass. et de Corona 30 Edw. I., p. 110 (1302).; From the Rigister of Bishop Quivil it appears that Sir Richard was not free from that class of sins, of which his brother, the Archbishop of York, was afterwards so impartial a vindictator, and the following quotaton is an interesting instance of that godly discipline, " the restoration of which (as the Commination Service puts it) is much to be wished." Aparently then, as now, the weaker sex was the one to be punished, whilst the male offender, who was probably the guiltier of the two, got off scot-free. The History of the Granville Family. 49 10th March, 1282-3, at Paignton. Johanna Baschet abjuravit Dominum Richardum de Grevile qui ab eadem prolem siisceperat in adulterio ; et injunctum fuerat sibi quod stet singulis diebus Dominicis et Festivis extra Ecclesiam, per totam Quadragesimam usque ad diem Jovis proximam ante Pascha, et eciam veniret apud Exoniam reconcili- anda cum ceteris Penitentibus, ut est moris ; super qua Dominus Episcopus scripsit Capellano de Bydeforde, ut compellat earn ad hujusmodi penitenciam peragendam si necesse fuerit. In the 25th of Edward I. (1297), Sir Richard was one of the principal persons in Devonshire summoned to be in London on Sunday after the octave of St. John the Baptist "to go with the King beyond the seas for their honour and the preservation and profit of the Kingdom," being styled " Dominus Richardus Grenevyle." Four years later (1301) he was summoned to be at Berwick-upon-Tweed with Horse and Arms to march against the Scots. (Ryley's " Pleadings in Parliament," p. 483.) He married Isabel, daughter of Joscelyn of Monte Treganion, by whom he had no issue, and dying in 1310, was succeeded in the family honour and estates by his brother Bartholomew, who is styled in his deed, dated Bideford, the Monday after St. Augustine's Day, 7th Edward II,, " Lord of Bideford." To this deed is appended a fair seal of the arms of Granville, viz. , three rests or clarions circumsciibecl " Sigill : Barth : de Grenvile, militis." In the eleventh year of the same reign (1318) he presents Master Henry Toyt, commonly called Henry de Cornubia, and also Henry de Truru priest to the living of Bideford. (Bp. Stapeldon's Register.) In the thirteenth year of the same reign (1320) being again styled " Lord of Bideford " by his deed dated at Bideford, the Monday after S. Luke's Day," he grants to Richard de Grenvil, his younger son, the Rectory of the Church of Kilk- hampton, and to his heirs and assigns his whole land, Hewode, with the appurtenances. In 1325 he died, having been certified the previous year to be of great and almost decrepit age. He had married Amy, the daughter of Sir Vyell Vyvyan, Knight of Treviddren, in Cornwall.^ Bishop Stapeldon had granted to " Sir Bartholomew and his wife Amy " a license for the celebration of divine service " in capella sua de Bydeforde." A fine was also levied at Westminster, 10th Edward II., between the said Bartholomew and Amy his wife, Plaintiff's, and Margery, late wife of John de Dynham, Defendant, of the manor of Kilkhampton, to the use 1 By his wife Margaret, daughter of Christopher, Earl of Kildare. H 50 TJie History of the Granville Family. of the said Bartholomew and Amy his wife, for life, excepting one messuage, four carucates of land, sixteen acres of meadow, twenty-seven acres of wood^ and £60 12s. 3d. in the same manor ; remainder to Henry, son of the said Bartholomew, and to the heirs of his body. And in 18th Edward 11. , writing herself Amya, she, "in her pure widowhood, released to Da^dd de Truro her right in one acre of land in C'arysdonne and in two acres and a half in Werbynton, in Bideford manor, which she had of the gift of Sir Bartholomew de Grenvile." This deed is dated at " Byde- forde, Tuesday after St. Ambrose's Day," 1325, to which is a fair seal appendant of the arms of Granville impaling the arms of Vyvyan, viz., six mullets, 3, 2, and 1 circumscribed. These arms were cut in stone over an old chimney-piece in the village of Morwenstow, having possibly been removed at some time or other from Kilkbampton Church. According to Fed. fin. Cornw., 10 Ed. II., No. 1, Sir Bartholomew left two sons and two daughters, Isabel and Johanna. The second son, Richard, took Holy Orders. " Master Richard de Greynvyle," sub-deacon, occurs as Rector of Kylkamtone 14 October, 1308 (Bp. Bytton's Register, 35b), and the certificate of his Ordination as sub-deacon by Walter, Bishop of Bath and Wells, in his chapel at Woky (20 May, 1307), under Letters Dimissory granted by Bishop Bytton, is found in Bishop Stapeldon's Register, fol. 59b. He was ordained Deacon, 19 September, 1310 (Ibid, fol. 226), and Priest the following March (Ibid, fol. 227b.) The living was vacant "a die Martis in Yigilia Assumpcionis Beatae Virginis" (14 August), 1324. He received a dispensation "in forma con- ciliae," 14 October, 1308, and again, 5 October, 1309 (Ibid, fols. 35b., 44.) He had a licence for non-residence in order to study in sacred Theology or Canon Law, 4 January, 1311-12, and again till the Feast of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist, "pro ipsius Ecclesie et suis negociis procurandis" from 3 February, 1320-1, and again to study, etc., in foreign parts or at home, as he might prefer, 21 May, 1624. (Ibid, fols. 67, 155, 180.y Amongst the Letters Dimissory in Bishop Stapel- don's Register, 130b, one Roger de Grenvyle was ordained sub- deacon on the 26th of September, 1318. Probably he was cousin to the Rector of Kilkhampton. Henry, the eldest son, survived his father only two years. By inquisition taken after his death at Kilkhampton, 2nd ' He founded a Chest at Oxford for making loans to poor scholars. Five shillings and two pence were paid for his Exequies at Exeter Coll., 1536, (cf Antony a Woods' Colleges and Halls (J. Gutche's ed. 1786), pp. 105-110. Boase's Ex. Coll., pp. 1-34, 189.) The History of the Granville Family. 51 Edward III., the jury found that the said Henry, immediately after his father's death, gave a general release to his mother Amy of the £60 : 12 : 3 payable to him out of the manor of Kilkhampton for life, reserving to himself £20 annually. This inquisition also proves that Dame Amy Grenvile held the manors of Kilkhampton and Bideford for life of the Earl of Gloucester, as of the honour joL.. Winkleigh (Winkleigh being the chief seat of the honour of Gloucester in the county of Devon), forfeited to the King by Hugh le Despencer the younger. In 1324 Henry de Grenvile presented to the Rectory of Kilkhampton Thomas Stapeldon, brother to Bishop Stapeldon, and also Walter de Prodhomme, a nephew of the Bishop's, to the Rectory of Bideford in the same year. The Bishop in his will bequeathed to Walter de Prodhomme a legacy of 40s. for the maintenance of Bideford Bridge, as well as 10 marks "pro defectibus Ecclesise de Bideforde reperandis." Henry de Grenvile married Ann, daughter and heiress of the family of Wortham, near Lifton, in the county of Devon, and was buried at Kilkhampton, where his arms impaled with those of Wortham still exist. The exact date of his death is not known, but it was probably before June 1, 1328, as on that day the King, as " custodian of the lands and heirs of Henry de Grenvil tenant in chief," appointed William de Wellyngoure to the living of Bideford. William de Wellyngoure does not appear in the Bishop's Register as Rector of Bideford, but as we find him-^ presented the same day to " Lydyford in Derte- more," and as his name appears in the Bishop's Register as Rector of Lydford, he must either have elected to go to the latter parish, or his appointment to Bideford must be regarded as a clerical error. Both livings were in the King's gift. 1 Calendar of Patent Kolls, Edwai'd III., 273. CHAPTER IV. Henry de Grenvile left a son and heir, Theobald, who was but four years old at the time of his father's death. During his minority he was ward to Sir John Carew, and on ol)taining manhood was knighted. He married Joyce, daughter of Thomas Beaumont, Earl of Mellent. As an instance of the open warfare which was often carried on in the fourteenth century between the secular and ecclesias- tical authorities, and of the way in which weajDons from the spiritual armoury were brought to bear upon the King's officers, may be mentioned the raid which young Sir Theobald made, as Sheriff of Devonshire, upon the manor of Tawton, near Barnstaple, in the summer of 1347. A suit had arisen upon some disputed presentation, and the court of King's Bench made an order against the Bishop of Exeter for a considerable sum of money. The Shei'ifi' received the King's writ, in which he was directed to enforce execution upon the Bishop's goods and chattels. Accordingly, Sir Theobald, whom Bishop Grandisson designates in his "Register," vol. i. fol. 139, as " juvenis Miles sive Thiro status militaris," on the Saturday after the feast of St. Benedict (July), at the dawn of day, with Thomas de Merton, Richard Tyrel, John de Linscote, John Trenger, and a rabble composed of about five hundred persons, proceeded with arms, offensive and defensive, to the manor of Tawton, and to the glebe and Vicarage house, and forcing premises belonging to the Church, as also houses of free tenants there, " varia bona ecclesiastica sub protectione ecclesiastica ibidem existentia, ad valorem ducentarum marcarum et amplius, contra voluntatem dominorum hujusmodi locorum et eorum qui hujusmodi custodiis fuerant deputati, consumere, auferre et contrectare dampnabiliter pre- sumjDserunt." After severely beating and even murdering some of the tenants and residents of the place, these lawless invaders decamped hooting and shouting, and terrifying all the neigh- bourhood. In consequence of such notorious outrage, Bishop Grandisson directed the Priors of Pilton and Barnstaple to proceed to the Parish Church, as also to the conventual Church The History of the Granville Family. 53 at Barnstaple, on the Sunday after the receipt of his mandate, and there, at solemn Mass, to publish the sentence of excommuni- cation against the offenders, with bells ringing, the cross erect, candles first lighted and then extinguished, every priest assisting in stole and surplice, and to perform the like ceremonies in the neighbouring churches on Sundays and Feasts, until they received his injunctions to the contrary. The whole of the proceedings was to be explained to the people in the vulgar tongue, and a certified return was to be forwarded to his lordship by the Feast of S. Bartholomew, 24th August. According to " The History of Crime in England," by L. Owen Pike (who gives as his authority the Controlment Boll m. 6 d. Devon), the Bishop and his subordinates were summoned to answer for this act of con- tempt, and did in the end so far obey the law as to appear by Attorney in the King's Bench. But in the meanwhile, the whole county was thrown into a commotion, greater even than ordinary, by the scandal of open warfare between the secular and ecclesiastical authorities. How the civil power decided the transaction does not appear, but from fol. 144 of the Bishop's Register, it would seem to have determined the case against Sir Theobald. At any rate, on the 14th of the following January he, on his bended knees, made due submission to the Bishop " in aula manerii sui de Chudleigli," in the presence of his sureties, John de Ralegh and John de Dynham, Knights, and of Almaric Fitzwaryn, Sheriff of Devon, and succeeded in obtaining the benefit of absolution. On the 5th September of the same year he was also guilty of flagrant outbreaks at Kilkhampton, but the determined spirit of the Bishop brought this wrong-headed young knight to his senses. It was probably during his minority that the famous Long Bridge of Bideford was built. It is the largest in Devonshire, and consists of twenty-four arches of different sizes, the greatest width being the fourth from the west end, which is 26 ft. 8 in. wide, and the narrowest the sixth, which is only 11 ft. wide. The total length of the bridge is 677 ft. It is built of local stone with copings of freestone. The story of its foundation, as given by Prince, is well-known,^ ' It must not be supposed that there was no bridge previous to the one built in the time of Sir Theobald de Greuvile and Bishop Graudisson. Prince corrects Fuller for stating that Bishop Quivil (A.D. 1280 — 1291), was the furtherer of a bridge at Bideford, but probably Fuller was rigat, inasmuch as in the compotus of the executors of the will of Bishop Staple- don, who died in 1327, that Bishop (as above mentioned), is stated to have left 40s. for the maintenance of Bideford Bridge. There was probably, therefore, an original bridge at this earlier period, which was perhaps destroyed by some flood, and a second and stronger bridge had to be built during the Episcopate of Bishop Qrandiason, as recorded by Pi iuce, of which 54 The History of the Granville Family. In 17th Edward III., Sir Theobold, recovered in the King's Bench the advowson of Kilkhampton. In 24th Edward III., being styled Theobaldus de Grenvile, miles, lord of Kilkhampton, he gave and granted to Eichard de Piggiston and his heirs all his lands and tenements in Stowe in Kilkhampton, together with rents and services of Joane, late wife of Nicholas de Stowe ; dated at Stowe the Sunday after the Purification. In 35th Edward III. he is styled lord of Bideford in two grants of lands in his manor of Bideford. In 1st Richard II. he conveys to Robert Langdon, Agnes his wife, and John their son, two burgages in Bideford and suit to his Manor Court. This deed has a fair round seal with the three clarions or rests for arms, and another upon a knight's helmet for crest, circumscribed " SIGILLUM THEOB DE GRENVIL MIL." It is dated Bideford, Tuesday after Michael- mas Day, 1st Ric. II. The date of his death is uncertain, but it was probably 1377. He left an only son, named after himself, who survived him only a few years, since John de Grenvile presented Robert Braybroke (who afterwards was consecrated Bishop of London) to the Rectory of Bideford on 26th July, 1381, and Thomas Gary to Kilkhampton on 8th September of the same year, being then described as sou and heir of Sir Theobald de Grenvile, deceased. Nothing is known of the life or history of this second Sir Theobald, but there are several grants of land with fair seals of which the last is in the 3rd Richard II., and which must have been very shortly before his death, bearing date at Bideford on Wednesday the Feast of the Conversion of St. Paul, whereby John Stowe, son and heir of Walter de Stowe, grants to the said Sir Theobald and his heirs, two messuages in Stowe in the manor of Kilkhampton, and thereto is appended a fair seal of the arms of Granville, quartering a crescent and circumscribed '* Sigil Theobaldi de Grenvile, militis." He married his cousin Margaret, daughter of Sir Hugh Courtenay, of Haccombe and Boconnock, Knight, by his wife, Maud Beaumont. This Sir Hugh was younger brother to Edward Courtenay, Earl of Devon, commonly called the Blind Earl, and the youngest son of Sir Sir Theobald was " an especial furtherer and great benefactor." Doubtless, this new bridge suffered considerably later on, either from neglect or accident, for Bishop Stafford, on the 5th of December, 1396, granted an indulgence to all true penitents who should assist " ad con- structionem seu reparacionem longi pontis de Bydeford," and it seems as if an entirely new bridge was erected forty-one years afterwards, since Bishop Lacy promulgated two more in- dulgences in 1 437 and 1444, " ad novam constructionem sustentationem seu reparationem pontis de Bydeford." The last indulgence connected with the bridge was in the time of Bishop Arundell, 1603, for the necessary repairs of the bridge. The History of the Granville Family. 55 Edward Courtenay, fourth son of Sir Hugh Courtenay, Earl of Devon, and Margaret Bohun, grand-daughter of King Edward the First. Sir Theobald left issue two sons, John and William. Sir John de Grenvile appears to have resided chiefly at Stowe. Bishop Thomas de Brantyngham licensed a chapel in that mansion 30th August, 1386, in his favour. This demolishes the hypothesis of Hals that Sir Thomas Grenvile (temp. Henry VI.) was the first of the family who resided there Even in 1350 Sir John's grandfather, in the grant to Richard de Peggiston had dated from Stowe, and his great grandfather (Henry de Grenvile) had been buried in Kilkhampton Church (circa 1827) which certainly points to Stowe having been inhabited even at that early date. In 19th Richard IT., John de Greynevill, by his deed bearing date at Stowe, Sunday, " the feast of St. Peter ad vincula," releases and makes free Agnes Choppa, late wife of Roger Jogaler, with all her children, so that neither he nor his heirs shall claim anything of them hereafter. To this deed is appended a fair seal of the Granville arms, circumscribed " Sigillum Johannis Greynevill milit." In 1st Henry IV., being styled Lord of Kilkhampton, he recites the charter which Richard de Grenvil, his ancestor, made to Richard de Stanbury and his heirs for his homage and service, of half a furlong of land in Stanbury, in his manor of Kilkhamp- ton, which he, the said Sir John confirmed to Robert de Stanbury, his heirs and assigns. This deed is dated at Kilkhampton the Friday before St. Valentine's Day. In 3rd Henry IV., his brother William styling himself William Greynvill, son of Sir Theobald, sets forth " that whereas his brother. Sir John Greynvill, Kt., and Margaret his wife, held the manor and borough of Bideford in the County of Devon, with the advowson of the same church, and other lands and tenements in the parish of Bydeforde, called Fordeland, Eggeff"en, and Thorne, etc., and also held lands in Werdon and Stowe, in the manor of Kilkhampton, he, the said William Greynvill, ratifies and confirms them to the said Sir John de Greynvill." To this deed is appended a fair seal of arms, viz., three clarions or horseman's rests ; and for a crest, a pelican vulning herself; circumscribed " Sygillum Willimi Greynvill." On the 11th of May, 1402, the King ordered Edward Bishop of Exeter, Sir John Anmdell, Sir John Grenevile, Sir John Pleale and seven others to contradict the report that the 56 Tlie History of the Granville Family, King did not intend to keep his promise to observe the laws, and to prevent the circulation of such a report. This Sir John had been knighted by King Richard 11., and was High Sheriff for the county of Devon, 15 Richard II., l)eing according to Hals, the first of the family who attained to this honour. He was returned as one of the Knights of the Shire in the years 1389, 1394, 1397, and 1402. He died in 1410-11. He married Margaret, daughter and co-heiress of Sir John Burghersh, Kt., by whom he had no issue, and was succeeded in the family honours and estates by his brother William. His widow married John Arundell the younger (Bp, Lacy's Register ii. fol, 27), who presented John Walhopp to Bideford by grant, hac vie, 11th January, 1420-21. William de Greynvill, being styled Lord of Kilkhampton, surrendered to Ralph de Berncote " all those messuages in Estrabernecote and Westrabernecote, saving to himself, the said William, the suits in his own courts, and suit to his mill." This deed is dated at Kilkhampton the Monday before St. Margaret's Day, 13th Henry IV. In the 2nd Henry V., writing himself brother and heir to Sir John de Greynvill, Kt., late Lord of Bideford, he confirms the charter which John Arundell, and Margaret his wife, had granted to Richard Godman, alias Pow'll, of all their tithes, etc., etc. ; dated at Kilkhampton the Monday after the Feast of of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist. To this deed is appended a seal of three clarions or Horseman's rests, and for a crest, on a helmet a pelican vulning herself, and circumscribed " Sigillum Willimi de Greynvill armigeri." It appears from the old records that he was twice married, and that Thomasine, daughter of John Cole, was his first wife, as it should seem by indenture made at Bideford the Monday after the Feast of St. John ante portam Latinam, 5th Henry VL, between William de Greynevill and Thomasine his wife on the one part, and John Cole on the other part, which witnesseth that the aforesaid Thomasine had certain lands and tenements in niecombe and Hodesland, within the manor of Kilkhampton, of Sir John de Greynvill, Kt-, deceased brother of the said William, whose heir he is by knight's service, and doing suits to his courts and mill. In 8th Henry VI , being styled Lord of Kilkhampton, he surrendered to William Bond a furlong of land, etc., as also suits to his two courts at Kilkhampton. Dated at Stowe, 30th December, with a seal similar to the above. In the 24th year of the same reign he is mentioned in a TJie History of the Granville Family. 57 deed with Philippa, his second wife, a daughter (sister ?) of William, Lord Bonvill of Ohuton, dated at Stowe 20th July. Lord Bonvill died possessed of the manors of Week St. Mary, Swannacote, and other tenements in the hundred of Stratton, in Cornwall, and the whole of this property came into William de Greynvill's possession by this marriage. Afterwards, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, Swannacote was one of the principal seats of the Granville family. Norden mentions the place in the reign of James L, as one of the mansions of Bernard Grenvil, by whose son. Sir Bevil, it was sold during the reign of Charles I., in order to raise money for the support of the Royalists, In the 26th Henry VL, being styed William Graynefild, he grants lands to James (William ?) Chuddeleigh and Hugh Stucles, Esquires. The deed is dated 7th November, and thereto is appended two seals. He died before 29th Henry VL, for in that year John de Almescombe and Philippa his wife, late the wife of William de Graynvil, had a grant from John de Copleston and others of lands in Wildhays and Guakmore. This John Almescombe and Philippa his wife, " Lady of the Manor of Bideford," presented Lewis Pollard to the rectory there, void by the death of John Walhopp, 1427-8 (ef Bp. Nevyll's Register fol. 6b). By his first wife, Thomasine Cole, he left no issue, but by his second wife, Philippa, he left issue one son Thomas, who succeeded him, and two daughters, viz., Margaret, the wife of John Thorne, of Thorne, and Ellena, who was married (Visit. Devon 1620, Harl. Soc. Pub. p. 322) to William Yeo, of Heanton Satchville, co. Devon, the ancestor of the present Lord Clinton and of the Yeo's of Fremington. (See Burke's "Landed Gentry.") The arms of William Graynefield, impaled with those of his second wife, were in Kilkhampton Church, on a hatchment of stucco ; whilst the arms of Yeo with the Granville quarterings also existed in Petrockstowe Church, in one of the windows, prior to the restoration of the Church. These have recently been rej)laced in the vestry window. There is a liench end in Newton St. Petrock Church, near Holsworthy, with the dexter impalement gone, but which may have been Thorne, the sinister are the three clarions or rests (Granville). Thorne bordered on this parish. According to old deeds and family records, his son Thomas was the first of the family who altogether dropped the pronoun " de" which had hitherto been a prefix to the surname, though both the two last representatives of the family had sometimes omitted it. I 58 Tlie History of the Granville Family. In 27th Henry VI. (1449) he is styled Thomas Greynvile, son and heir to William Greynvile, Esquire, and with Anne his wife, grants to Richard Ashrigge a tenement in Bideford, " doing suit to our courts," shewing that his father was then still alive. This deed is dated at Bideford the Tuesday after St. Bartholomew's Day. This Sir Thomas and his second wife grant to Richard Rede all that his land in Bideford, which John Bishop and others held by grant of William Hankeford, Kt., John Hankeford, Richard Greynvile, William Freye, and Richard Covyan, parson of the church of Lytheham. The deed is dated at Bideford the Sunday before the Conversion of St. Paul, 31st Henry VI. In 20th Edward IV. John Stanbury granted him an annual rent of twenty shillings out the profits of his lands at Stanbury for ten years. In the same year he was high sheriff for the county of Gloucester, and three years afterwards for Cornwall, being at that time a knight. He married first, Anne, daughter of Sir Philip Courtenay (the second of that name), of Powderham, Knight, their marriage being celebrated in the Umberleigh Chapel in Ather- ington parish, by the licence of Edmund Lacy, Bishop of Exeter, 7th September, 1447. By her he had no issue. He married secondly, Elizabeth, sister to Sir Theobald Gorges, Kt., and dying 1st Richard III., left issue, two sons, viz., Thomas, who succeeded him, and John, a Priest, who was instituted, sede vacante, to the living of Bideford by Archbishop Warham, 21st May 1504, and died in 1509. Thomas, it appears, no sooner succeeded to his patrimony tlian he became concerned in one of the insurrectionary move- ments against Richard III. Tliere are no precise particulars as to this occurrence, but there is little doubt of his having been an associate with Sir Edward Courtenay and his brother the Bishop of Exeter, who were his cousins, when they raised a force of Cornishmen to join the Duke of Buckingham in his attempt to dethrone the King. Upon the dissolution of this ill-starred confederacy, Thomas Greynvile, in company with Sir Richard Edgcomb, betook themselves for shelter to the best hiding place they could. After a while a pardon came between them and disgrace. In the Statute of Additions he is duly described as " Thomas Greynfield, late of Kilkhampton co. Cornwall, Esquire ; alias late of Bydeford in com. Devon, Esquire ; alias Thomas Greynvild de Kilkhampton and Bydeford, Esquire." The History of the Granville Family. 59 Upon the restoration of the House of Lancaster he was appointed an Esquire of the body of Henry VH. and High Sheriff of Cornwall. Three years afterwards the King, reciting that by the advice of his council he intends to send an army to the relief of Brittany, by a commission dated at Maidstone, 23rd December, directs Sir Robert Willoughby de Broke, Kt., Sir Richard Edgcomb, Kt., and Thomas Greynvile, Esquire, to summon and examine what number of archers, armed and arrayed at the King's expense, the county of Cornwall could provide, and to article with them, to review them, and to certify the number of archers that all Earls, Barons, Knights, and others are to find before the quindenes of Hilary next. In the eighth year of the same reign, by indenture bearing date 11th January, he covenants with Richard Whitleigh, Esquire, for a marriage between Roger Graynfeld, his son and heir apparent, and Margaret, daughter of the aforesaid Richard Whitleigh. This marriage took place, for on the 20th February following he grants to Roger Graynfeld, his son and heir apparent, and Margaret his wife, all those messuages within the manor of Kilkhampton. In the 17th of Henry VII. he was installed a Knight of the Bath on the occasion of the marriage of Prince Arthur with Catherine of Spain, and the same year, with John, Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, Sir Robert Willoughby, Lord Broke, and John Sable, he granted the reversion of certain tenements in Rycharson, after the death of Aves, wife of John Keynock, to Richard Greynfield his second son and his heirs for ever, by deed dated the 12th October, 1501. And in the 19th Henry VIL, being written Sir Thomas Graynfyld, Kt., he bequeathed to John Arundell and John Basset, Knights, his manor of Wodeford, etc., to the use of Richard Graynfyld his second son and heirs for ever. To this deed J ohn Carew of Haccombe and Roger Graynfyld, son and heir apparent to the said Sir Thomas, are witnesses. In the 20th of the same reign the said Sir Thomas with Roger his son, grants to John Grigge and Joane his wife messuages in Merlona St. Peter, co. Devon. Sir Thomas married first, Isabella, daughter of Sir Otes Gilbert, of Compton, a family (writes Prince in his ' Worthies of Devon ') of as ancient standing in the county of Devon as the Conquest, and if we may give credit to an author of our own (Mr. Weste) it was here before, for he asserts that Gilbert possessed lands in Manadon, near Dartmore, in Edward the Confessor's days. They have matched as they descended down 60 Tlie Iiisto7'y of the Granville Family. into honourable houses, and have yielded matches to others, in particular to the noble family of the Grenviles." By her he had two sons Jind six daughters, viz., Roger, his eldest, of whom presently, and Richard, High Sheriff for Cornwall, 1st, 10th and 14tli Henry VHL, who died without issue. Jane, the eldest daughter, married first Sir John Arundell of Trerice, son of Sir Thomas Arundell by his wife Katherine third daughter of Sir John Dinham. He was created Knight of the Bath 1494 and Kniglit-bannaret for valour at the seige of Therounne and Tournay. His grandson " John for the King" as he was usually called, distinguished himself greatly in the civil wars, and at the Restoration was created Lord Arundell of Trerice. On the death of Sir John Arundell, Jane Granville married secondly Sir John Ghamond Knight of Launcells, who was High Sheriff of Cornwall 28th Henry VHL, and is mentioned by Carew as having been " very learned in the common laws." By him she had two sons. Two letters addressed to her l)y her husband are in the possession of Lord Arundell of Wardour. The following is a copy of her will which is dated 1st January 1550-1 and was proved at Exeter 9 March 1551-2, her personal property being sworn to the amount of £188 Os. lOd. " In the name of the blessed Triiiitie Father Sone and Holy (Jost, 1, Danic Jane Chamond, widowc, beyng in perfyte mynde and niemoric, thankes be gygen to Abnyghty (lod, my Creator and onely Redeemer, pcrceavyng by Faith and Creation my naturell bft'e to be transitorie, holy inyndyng Repent- aunce, in most humble maner aske Almighty God forgiveness and also of all the world, and here under the protection of God make and declare here my last will and testament in this maner following. First I give and bequeth my soule unto Almyghty God, my bodie to be beried in the Church of St Andrewe of Stratton in the south yeld (aisle) of the Churche theare, in the place betwixt my first husband Sir John Arundell Trerys Knight and Sir John Chamond Knight my second and last husband. Also I do give and bequeth to my eldest son Sir John Arundell Treryse Knight all such somes of money ;is he o\s'eth me for fyve thousand and haulf poundes of white tynne which he had of me, and also the two chej nes of gold which I have allredye dclyvered hym. And also all such other somes of money and other thinges that he hath had of myn or owith me — my part in that parte of the premisses that he bestowe to the marriage of his doghters at his pleasure. And also besides the premises I doo give and bequeth to my said sone Sir J ohn Arundell Trerys, my basin and ewer of silver. Also I give and bequeth to my doghter Dame Juliane Arundell wifF to my said sone my best velvet gowne furred and edged with white martens. Also I give and bequeth to my doghter Margaret Chamond wifFe to my sone Richard diamond Esquyer my best saten gowne and my best velvet kirtell. And as to the rest of my goodes, moveable and unmovable, not gevyn nor bequethed, I doo give and bequeth to my said sone Richard Chamonde partly therewith to marry his children, and hym the same Richard Chamonde 1 doo make my hole and sole eiecutor to Hie History of the Granville Family. 61 dispose such part of my said goodes for the wealth of my soul as he shall think best, and pay my debtes and chardgies for my funeral." " Dated and g'yven the first day of January in the fourth yeare of the Reigne of Soverayng Lord Edward the Sixt by the grace of God etc. ; which will and testament was anade in the presence of Sir John Chamonde, Richard Prideauxc, Esquyor, Sir John Lile Clerk, then her Chaplain, Martyn Poyle gent, Jolui Kynapthorne, her servant and desired to be witnes herunto by the same Jane diamond." Ill Htrattoii Cliurcli there is a iiioimmeiit to a Sir John Arundell, in which his figure is represented in brass lying between his two wives. Gilbert in his " Survey of Cornwall " wrongly attributes this to the husband of Jane Granville. It is that of her son who married first, Mary daughter and heir of John Beville of Gwariiock, aiid secondly, Julyan daughter of Sir 'James Erisey of Erisey. The male line of the diamond family ended in 1624. Mary, the second daughter of Sir Thomas Gi-anville, married first Richard Blewett of Holcombe Regis near Tiverton, and secondly Sir Thomas St. Aubyii of Clowaiice, Knight, by whom she had issue, a son and a daughter. In Crowaii Church in Cornwall are many ancient monuments belonging to this family. Formerly there was a table-tomb there ornamented with the effigies of Sir Thomas and Mary his wife. These however together with the greater part of the inscription have been taken away, but the arms of St. Aubyn, impaled with those of Granville, still remain. Amongst the " Lisle Papers " are the following quaint and amusing letters, written between the years 1532 and 1540, from Sir Thomas St Aubyn to his wife's sister Honor Lady Lisle. LISLE PAPERS. (Vol. 13, p. 96). Thomas St. Aubyn to Lady Lisle. M'"' Mye duptye vnto yo"^ honorabyll gode ladyshypp don' w* moste liartyc it lovelye recdmcndacions y recomende me to yo" & see y wolde y myght bee to my syngler gode lorde yo" nobyll & moste lovynge bedfelowe w*' all yo"z & desyrouse the cdtynuancc of yo" gode helthys & psperous estate to the pleaso" of Almyghtie god &. to yo" liartf desyre. Also w* moste hartie tliankf for yo" grete kyudenes & godenes towardf me & myne & yo" bedman & svautt Trevuna whiche all tymes moste reioysytli & delytyth to speke & to comyn of my seid gode lordships godenes & yo"s, & he ys nowe (thaunkf to owrc lorde & yo") of a newe flfashyon : he maye thaunke god hylye to haue the chaunce to bee my lordp s'^vantt & yo"z, & all hys hole harte & myne ys to the vttermostc of hys dylygence to doe my lorde & yo" s'^vyce byfore anye oder. & soe gode niadame y wyll hartlye desyre my lorde & yo" to cotynewe yo" tiodenes toward^ hym wherbye (hitt maie soe fortune) he maye recover suche landf as his ffader bathe putt awaie for there ys Evydence gode to nar^ hym thertoe. Moreou® y hartlye thaunke yo" gode remem'bance in 62 Hie History of the Granville Family. sendynge of yo" tokyn myne enbracelett whiche y wer accordlynglye as ye wrote & shall aslonge as hitt enduryth. Also gode madame y thaunke my lorde & yo" for guUf ; y had x., ther was but xxij*' in all : my Cosyn Digorye bad oder x. Thys yer they wer verye ffewe. & the Eavyn hath destroyd the harnsews^ thatt none cude be had ; hitt hath destroyd above a dosyn sygys,^ & bye noe meanys the Ravyn cannott bee destroyd asyett. & as touchynge all oder yo" afFayrys, hitt shalbe don & koked vnto to the best of my dylygence as yf hitt wer myne owne & bett"^ if y can. & anye pleso*^ & s^vyce thatt y maye doe for my seid gode lorde & yo" y shall hartlye & gladlye doe hytt att all tymes. & y am sorye thatt y am nott att the tyme p"veyd of some gode tokyn to send yo", butt y trust shortlye y shall w*^ the g"ce of almyghtie god whoe eu*^ p^s'^ue my gode lorde & yo" w*^ all yo"z to hys pleaso". W'ten w* lytill leyso*^ the morowe aft^ Midsom* daye w* the rude hand of me yo" owne THOMAS SEYNTAUBYN yff y maye doe yo" s*vantt Robt Harrys anye gode pleaso" y wyll, for in hys beinge in Cornwall he was ryght glad to doe asmyche pleaso" to my wyfFe & me as he cude & glad to see & to com to Clewyns att all tymes, & hitt was a gode syght to see hym &, Trevuna togeder & y was right glad when y myght see them bothe to geder. & gode p"ise to my gode lorde & yo", for they bee ij tall gsons, honestlye & clene apoyntyd, tk of gode demeno", k well manered, w* oder gode q"lyties y see noe suche lyke them yn all thynge yn the west pties of Cornwall. My bedfelowe hath send yo" ladyshippe half an angell bye Harrys & Trevuna. [Addressed] To the rygh' honarabyll & my syngler gode ladye my ladye lysle delyu* thys, LISLE PAPERS. (Vol. 13, p. 97). Thomas St. Aubin to Lady Lisle. [Extracts], Mye syngler & especyall gode ladye Carnkye & elswher ben in gode q'ette & peas ; & thoughe yo" casualties & pfytte ther is nott this yer soe gode as hitt hath ben the yer past, yett notw'^stondynge ther is nowe (thankf to almyghtie god) a gode lykelyhod thatt hitt shalbee better this ycre comynge. & gode Madame y thaunke yo" for my IFee & y haue as y truste don the best of my dylygence abowtte yo" Co"tys'^ whiche accordynglye as ye comaundyd hath ben holdyn in all placf . ife as touchynge yo" demaunde in Sowlemo"e & elswher Richarde Harrf hath putt hytt in vre* as he can enforme you Hoebehytt M'* Bassett eu* allowyd hym therof & of other pcellC as apperyth by a byll of his owne hand, k for asmyche hitt apperyth in noe bookt;* of accompte byfore my tyme noe allowance therof y haue chargyd hym therwytli as hee hathe ben in yerf byfore, k wylnott allowe hym the same w'^owtt you ladyshippe geve me in comaundementt soe to doe. k as touchynge the washis y haue ben theratt att all tymes bothe erlye k late ffaire & ffulee to see thatt ye sholdc lose noe thynge of yo" pfytt . . . my wyftc & y hartlye thaunke yo" for the yeft of the certyne nob of Conyes thatt ye gaue vs att Tyhydye whiche dothe nie myche jileaso" for myne owne Conyes att Clewya bee dekayed. my mynde is to send my lorde & yo" a dyshe of Pufit'yns ayenst lent & y maie knowe howe & wher to send hytt. k y wyll desyre yo" to bee soe gode ladye to Jamys Tyhidye as to geve hym a newe cote for his olde cote is threde bare, he hath made a ffaire newe hall k oder newe howsyn att hellowe fFrom Clewyns on halwyn Eve ^ Herons. ^ Cygnets. ' Courts. * Use. The History of the Granville Family. 63 LISLE PAPERS. (Vol. 13, p. 98). Thomas St. Aubin to Lady Lisle. As hartlye as maie bee w* pen exp*'sse my dewptie don' y hnmblye recomend me to yo" & soe dothe yo" gentyll suster my lovinge bedfelowe > nycf my donghters & for yo" Conys Gul'lf & other pleso„ & for yo" shippc of whete .... my Cosyn s'^ Wilh'm Gotholghan my lad3'e hys wytte the moste parte of all oder Gentylmeu wymen abowtte me w*' other dyu^s siilistantiall men & manye pouro men hath com to haue parte of yo" whete it hath had usmyclie as they wolde caryc a way it yett noe sj-ne tliatt they any had it whcr ye wolde dyu'^s tyiiies my wyff'e & y wer att Galyce (god soo pleasyd) y wolde bee moste ioyfull if hitt soe had ben my wytfe it y ben right glad of 3^0" gode rc'coveryc & that jc hane yo" helth it thatt also my gode lorde is soe gentyll lovynge & kvnde ;t yo" moste cofortte att all tymes it moste att 3-0" vttermost grevance. Wherfor my wyft'e it 3- it also all yo" oder frend^" haue cause it ben gretly bounde to p"ie to god for tlic psvac3'on of the eotynewance of my seid god lordf estate it j spertie for his lovynge kyndenes towardf yo" W'ten . . the laste daye of Januarye. Gode Madame y p"ie god to send Trcvuna p"ce to doe my gode lorde it \o" gode & diligentt s''nice for he w'tctli to me thatt durynge his lyfFc he is gretlye bounde to p"ie for yo" yo" olde s^'vantt my doughf l^helypp' is deptyd on C'stmas daye almA-ghtye pdon her soule & my wyffe hath take grette discSfort therb3'"e. but 3- thaunke owre lorde she dothe take hitt bctt" waye it thaunkyth god of his sendynge. Agnes, Sir Thomas' third daughter married John Roscarroek, (lommissioner of Subsidies, wlio died 27 Octol)cr, 1537, and was buried at Endellion. Philipa, the fourth daughter, married first Francis Harris, eldest son of John Harris of Radford ; secondly one Stenning and thirdly Humphry Arundell ot Newton, co. Devon, brother to Sir John Arundell, who had married her youngest sister Katherine. 1 Rychard Harrys to pay xxvj« 8'^ for his fe. TJie History of the Granville Family. 65 Honor, the fifth daughter married first Sir John Basset of Umberleigh, Knight, whose first wife had been Ann, daughter of John Denys of Orleigh. The Bassets like the Granvilles, were of Norman extraction, and came over with the Conqueror. They quartered the arras of Plantagenet. The family had long been settled at Tehidy in Cornwall, and had served as sherifi's for that county through many successive reigns. Honor's husband was the first to settle at Umberleigh. They had three sons and six daughters. Of the latter, Katherine (born about 1518) married Sir Henry Ashley of Ashley and Wimborne, an ancestor of the Shaftesbury family. The eldest son, John was the ancestor of the Devonshire branch of the Basset family, which became extinct in 1796, whilst the Cornish branch was continued by George, the second son, who married Jaquet daughter of John Cofiin of Portledge. The third son, James, was a Privy Councillor to Queen Mary. Sir John Basset died the 31st ot January 1529, and his widow afterwards married Arthur Plantaganet Lord lisle, illegitimate son of Edward IV. by Elizabeth Lucy. Whether Elizabeth Lucy was a member of the Charlecote family is not known, but there is no doubt that there was a real marriage contract between her and Edward IV., for more than one chronicler records the anger of Edward's mother, Cicely Duchess of York, when she came to know of his marriage with Elizabeth Woodville, and her passionate upbraid- ings of him with his cruel falsehood to his troth-plighted wife, Elizabeth Lucy. (Harl MSS. 2408 fol. 102 Stricklands Queens ii. 328.) Her child was born about 1469. He became a member of Lincoln's Inn February 4th 1487 and was one of the Gentlemen "Spears of Honour " 1513-1514. Whilst serving as a Captain of a ship of war he was knighted by Henry VIII., October 14 1513, and the following year was appointed Captain to the Vice-Admiral of England. According to Holinshed (iii. 1532) he was made Constable of Dover Castle and Warden of the Cinque Ports. He was created Viscount Lisle April 25, 1523, and K.G. the following year. In 1525 he was made Vice-Admiral of all England, and was sent, October 22 1528, as Ambassador Extraordinary (with the Garter) to Paris. At th3 Dissolution of Monasteries the estate of Frithelstock Priory near Torrington was granted him by Henry VI L On the death of Lord Bernes Lord Lisle was appointee! (24 March 1533) as Lord Deputy of the town and marches of Calais, having his wife's nephew, Sir Pichard Grenvile, under him as Marshall. The post, however, was a difficult one to fill, his hands being completely tied by the Council, and his administration give K 66 Tlie History of the Granville Family. little satisfaction to the King. Lord Lisle was suspected more over of favouring the Gospellers who had taken refuge at Calais, and of sheltering them from the persecution which over- took them there. He was especially accused of shielding the Eeverend George Buckler, alias Adam Damplip, whose mar- tyrdom is recorded in Foxe's Book of Martyrs. According to Foxe, Lady Honor was of an opposite way of thinking to her husband, and though devotedly attached to him she secretly worked against the Gospellers in the hope of screening him from the royal displeasure. "The Lord Lisly" writes the martyr- ologist " albeit hce were liimselfeof a most gentle nature. . beeing fiercelie set on, and incessantlie intised by the wicked Lady Honor his wife, who was an utter enemie to God's honour, and in Idolatrie, hypocrisie and pride incomparably euill, shee beeing dailie and hourelie thereunto incited and prouoked by Sir Thomas Palmer Knight, and John Rookewood Esquire, too enemies to God's word, beginning nowe to flourish at Calice ; — these, I say, with certaine other of the Counsell, to the number of seuen mo besides themselues, seeking occasion or rather a quarrel, when no just cause was giuen, began to write verie heinous letters and greeuous complaintes unto the Lordes of the Priuie Counsell," against diuers of the towne of Calice, affirming that they were horriblie infected with heresies and pernitious opinions " etc. Lord Lisle was summoned to London by the King ostensibly to be sworn in as a member of the Privy Council. He left Calais on the 17th of April 1540, and just one month afterwards was put on his trial at Greenwich Palace and committed to the Tower, where he was confined for two years. Lady Honor and her daughters being also detained as prisoners at Calais. Foxe writes of her thus : — " The wicked Lady his wife immediately upon his apprehension fell distraught of mind, and so continued many yeares after. God for his mercy, if she yet Hue, giue her his grace to repent." On the evening of March 3rd 1542 Mr. Secretary Wrio- thesley was sent to the Tower with the King's signet ring and a message of hope and pardon. The message did in a few hours — perhaps in a few moments— what twenty-two months of solitary agony had failed to do. It killed the prisoner. He died at the sudden rapture in the seventy-seventh year of his age. " Thirty years before that day among the standards borne in the field by peers and knights had floated that of Sir Arthur Plantagenet. The standard was probably granted by the Crown — semi-royal, lion rampant, fetter lock, and falcon : the The History of the Granville Family. 67 arms of France, England, Ulster and March, debraised by that baton sinister, which ne\^er ought to have touched that shield. But the device certainly was chosen by the bearer, and it was characteristic of its chooser, " Dieu la volu." Ambition he had none ; had he had it, assuredly he would have been King of England. There were more occasions than one on which that banner would readily have been made to float above the boar of Gloucester, and even the dragon of Tudor. But no advantage of these was ever taken. Hopes, rights, claims and oppor- tunities alike were buried in the sepulchre over which that motto was the epitaph, " Dieu I'a voulu." Lady Honor, who was released with her daughters at the same time as the pardon reached her husband, lingered on for some years a broken-hearted and self-accusing widow at the dower house of Crowe in Cornwall, in very reduced circum- stances. There can be but little doubt that she meant well and loved her husband dearly and thought she was saving him. She did evil that good might come, and the evil came after all. A most interesting book respecting the Lisles, entitled " Isoult Barry of Wynscote," has been written by Mrs. Holt from the Lisle Papers and other unpublished MSS. in the British Museum and State Paper Office. Katherine, the sixth and youngest daughter of Sir Thomas Granville, married Sir John Arundell of Lanherne. A settlement was made after marriage bearing date 22 Henry VH. (1507). By a deed dated 8 Feb., 24 Henry VIL (1509), Sir John Arun- dell settled Connerton and other manors on her in lieu of dowry. A third settlement bears date 26 January, 14 Henry VIH. ; a fourth 6 May, 16 Henry VHL, and a fifth 19 October, 28 Henry VIII. Sir John Arundell died at Eoscarroc, 8 February, 36 Henry VIII., 1545-6, and was buried at St, Columb, where he is represented on a tomb standing between his two wives (his first wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Grey, K.G., Marquis of Dorset, by Cicely Bonville, only daughter and heiress of William Bonville, by Elizabeth, sister of Eichard Neville, Earl of Warwick, the " King Maker.") On the monument are six shields of armorial bearing, and a broken legend carried round the edge, of which the following only is still legible : — " John Arundell, Knight of the Bath, and . . . Greenfelde Knight, dyed the 8 of February the 36 year of the raigne of King Henry the Eyght Anno Domini 1546 and the .' . . yere of his age." They had issue both sons and daughters ; of the latter, Mary, whose fame is enshrined in the pages of Ballard's " Celebrated British Ladies," was married first to 68 The History of the Grayiville Bamily. Hiomas Eatcliffe, Eaii of Sussex, and secondly to Henry Howard, Earl of Arundell. Sir Thomas Granville, or (as Dr. Oliver, the old Exeter antiquarian called him), " the Venerable Knight," ventured on second marriage with Jane, daughter of . . . Jous and widow of . . , Hills of Taunton, by whom he had issue another son and daughter, viz., John, in holy oiders, whom Dr. Oliver, Eccl. Ant. iii. 41, wrongly states was Eector of Bideford, confusing him with his uncle, whereas he was Eector of Kilk- hampton and St. Mary Week. He died in 1580, and was buried in Kilkhampton Church, his will being proved 7th May, two days after his funeral. The daughter, Jane, was married three times. The order of her marriage differs in various accounts, but as she was unmarried at the time of her father's will of March, 1514, and one of her husbands, Wymond Ealeigh, was certainly dead 14th July, 1515, he must clearly have been her first husband. He was the son of Walter Ealeigh, of Fardell, and Elizabeth his wife, daughter of Sir Eichard Edge- cumbe, of Cotehele, and grandfather of the celebrated Sir Walter Ealeigh. In one of the panels of the pew ends in East Budleigh Church (the first pew at the eastern end of the nave on the north side), there is a shield emblazoned with the Ealeigh arms impaling those of the Granville family, viz., Ealeigh ; Gules five fusils in bend, argent : Granville ; Gules three clarions or rests, or. The Granvilles w^ere known to be related to that of the Ealeighs, inasmuch as the great Sir Eichard Granville alludes to the great Sir Walter Ealeigh as his cousin, e.//., " 1585. October 29th. Sir Eichard Greynvill t3 Sir Francis Walsingham, acquaints him with the success of his voyage . . . The commodities of the country (Virginia), are such as his cousin Ealeigh advertised of" (" Calendar of State Papers," Domestic Series, 1581-90, p. 281.) Jane, having been a wife probably for less than a year, married seconclly Humfry Batten, of Dunsland, co. Devon, by wdiom she had a daughter, called after herself. And thirdly she is said to have married John Tregagle, of Trevorden, in St. Breock, foster-brother to the first Earl of Eadnor and his chief steward. Sir Thomas died in 1613, and was buried at Bideford, where a handsome monument (the only one, curiously, in this church to any of the family) was erected. The monument is on the south side of the chancel, near the altar. It consists of a free stone table, upon which lies the figure of Sir Thomas arrayed in the armour of the time. The pauldrons and coudieries THE TOMB OP SIR THOMAS GRANVILLE IN BIDEFORD CHURCH. Hie History of the Granville Family. 69 are ornamenued, and the brassarts and vambraces puffed or ribbed. Taces, to which are appended deep lambeaux of over- lapping plate, a large apron of chain mail, and broad-toed sabbatons complete his costume, and he is armed with sword and misericorde. On his breast hangs a double chain. The head of the effigy is (in accordance with a practice adopted towards the close of the XV. Century with armed figures) bare, but rests on a tilting helmet, out of which is issuant a small shield charged with the Granville arms. In his hand he holds his heart, an occurence also frequent with mediaeval figures. At his feet is a dog or rather two half-dogs, conjoined so cleverly that to a casual observer, standing on either side of the monu- ment, there appears only one clog, the two heads being so carved as to serve equally well for hind-quarters. Over the figure is an arch with screen work, the top of which is muriated, and around the arch is the following Latin inscription in black letter characters : — Hie jacet Thomas Graynfyld miles patron isti eccle q obiit xvm die mefis marcii a d Mcccccxiii cuj aie fficiet de Amen. Below the effigy on the tomb, on either side, are shields displaying the arms of Sir Thomas, as well as his impalement of Gilbert (on a chevron three roses sculptured in relief) and two canopied niches for the figures of Saints which are missing. His will, dated 9th March, 1512, was proved P. CO. 12th May. It is as follows : — " In the name of God. Amen. I, Sir Thomas Graynfeld, Knyght, in my hoole mynde, make my Testament in Maner and Forme followinge. First, I bequeth my soule to Almightie God, and to our blessed Ladie, and to all the hoolie saints in Hevyn, My Bodie to be buryed in the Church erthe of Bedy- forde, in the south est Part of the Chauncell Dore, where my mynde is yf I lyve to make an Altaire, and a Preste to sing there to pray for mee and myn auncestors and heires for ever. The said Preste and pore men to bee put in by discrecion of myn heires and executors. Further, I will that my saide Chappell, whennsoever it bee made, and the Church of Bedyforde in meane season have my Cope of Tissue and my Vestiment of the same, and a suet of blacke velvett, to bee made of such velvett gownys as I have, by the discrecion of myn heires and executors. Also, I will that John Greynfelde, yf he bee disposed to be a Preste, to have the next avoydance of one of the benefices of Bedyforde or of Kikehamton. And yf he will be no Preste, that then my sonne Roger Grayn- felde and his heires see him have sum resonable living of landes by theire discrecions. Item, I will that my somie Roger shall marry my daughter Onor, aud I give her in marriage ccc markes in money, to bee levyed of my landes and goodis. Item, I will that my daughter Jane, which I had by my last wyff, to have cc markes in lyke manner to bee leveyed of my goodis and landes. Provided allway that yf the said Onor and Jane fortune to dye or ever they be 70 The History of the Granville Family. maryed, that thenne they to have nothing of the said money. But thenne the saide money whenne it is so levyed to bee disposed for my soule by the discrecion of my sonne Roger. Item, I give to the Church of Bedyforde, and to the Brige of Bydisforde, vi lbs. xiii s. 4d. Item, to the Church of Kikeham- ton, iiii lbs. Roger, sonne, I woU desyr you, as my trust in you, to see this my Will performed and fullfilled, and yow I make myn executox-." CHAPTER V. Sir Roger Granville resided chiefly at Stowe, and for his princely liberality was called "The Great Housekeeper." He was thirty-six and more at the time of his father's death, and two years previously had been chosen High Sheriff of Cornwall, an office which he again filled eight years afterwards. In 8th Henry VHI., William Dovell, Abbot of St. Clive, co. Somerset, with the consent of his convent, granted him, his heirs and assigns, all their wood and trees growing in Merewood. In 9th Henry VIII. he conveyed to Richard Gilbert, clerk, his cousin, (whom he had presented to the Rectory of Bideford, 3rd April, 1514) his whole manor and borough of Kilkhampton to the use of his last Will. To this deed a round seal is attached, which is somewhat peculiar, since the shield is charged with but one clarion or rest upon it, instead of the three which had been hitherto borne by his ancestors, and which were continued by his successors. Over the arms is the usual helmet, which is surmounted by a griffin's head couped between two wings. The seal is circumscribed " SIGILL ROGERI GRAYNFILD AMIGERI." In 13th Henry VriL, Roger Graynfild and Richard, son and heir of the said Roger, and of Margaret his wife, one of the daughters and heirs of Richard Whitleigh, deceased, grant to Peter Seyntabyn (St. Aubyn) the moiety of the manor of Cleghar to the use of Christiana, daughter of the said Roger, in order to a marriage between her and James, son of the said Seyntabyn. This marriage, however, probably never took place, as the said Christiana was married to James Erisey. Sir Roger, as above stated, married Margaret, daughter and co-heiress of Richard Whitleigh, of Efford in Egg Buckland, heir general of Wendon, Waynard and Respryn; by whom he had issue three sons, viz , Richard his heir anrl successor (of whom presently). John, his second son, of Exeter, and Digory. John, who after taking his B.A- degree at Oxford in 1.528 and his M.A. in 1532, became one of those buccaneers of the day, whose fleets, recruited largely from the harbours of Devon and Cornwall, twenty and thirty sail together, haunted the mouth of the Channel, and 72 The History of the Granville Family. with the connivance of the Government pillaged alike Spanish gold ships from Panama, French wine ships from Bordeaux, the rich traders from Antwerp and from their own 'J'hames with great impartiality, retiring if pressed among the dangerous shoals of Scilly or the distant creeks and coves of the south coast of Ireland. In 1548 the quarrel with France had extended. Villegaignon's galleys, after landing Mary Stuart at Brest, had roamed about the Channel, preying upon English merchant ships, and, while peace still continued in name, the French Court professed an insolent confidence that the Protector durst not resent their violation of it. He shrunk, it was true, from declaring war, but England as well as France could play at the game of marauding hostility. Convoys of provisions were passing continually between Brest and Leith, and a French fishing fleet from Iceland and Newfoundland was looked for in the fall of the year. The " Adventurers of the West " were informed that the channel was very much troubled with pirates and that they would serve their country by clearing the seas of them. Private hints were added that they miglit construe their instructions liberally, but whatever French prizes were brought in, should be kept for a time undisposed of, till it was ascertained whether the court of Paris would redress the harms done on their side. In a letter dated 9 August, 1548, from Lord Seymour of Sudlye, High Admiral of England, to Sir Peter Carew, Sir Thomas Denys, and Sir Richard Grenfelde for Devonshire, and John Grenfelde, Sir Hugh Trevanyon, and Sir William Godolphin for Cornwall, authority is given to them to commission privateers to take French ships and goods ; and on the 7th of September following, John Graynfyld reports from Fowey that he himself had been on a cruise, and had waylaid, taken, sunk or driven on shore an indefinite number of French trading vessels ; that he had brought the prizes into Fowey and Plymouth, that he had obtained information of three hundred sail going to Bordeaux for wine for the army in Scotland, and " the western men," he added, " were so expert in their business, that he did not doubt they would give a' good account of the whole of them." John Graynfyld was Governour of Scilly from 1 553 to 1 558, and in the British Museum Additional MSS (25.300) is an account of the sums raised and disbursed by him for the support of the garrison there, and amongst the Rawlinson MSS in the Bodleian Library are two commissions from Queen Elizabeth to " John Byll, Steward of Cornw^all, John Hornyolde, Auditor of the Exchequer, Leonard Loveyour, Receiver-general of Cornwall, John Grenefyld Esquire and Roger Prydeux " to enquire into Tlie History of the Granville Family. 73 the rents due to the Crown in Cornwall, to survey the castles, peels, manors, etc., also the sites of dissolved monasteries, colleges, etc. The commissions bear date 28 June 1561 and 6 April 1562. "John Graynfyld" is named in the Inquisition taken on the death of his father, and also in the Will and Inquisition taken on the death of his brother. Sir Eichard, 1550. He died in 1580, and was buried at Kilkhampton. He married Lettice, daughter of Thomas Lucas, by whom he had issue two sons, Giles and Gentle, and three daughters, viz., Lettice, named in the will of her brother-in-law, John Bailer ; Alice, who married Eichard Cole of Buckland, second son of Thomas Cole of Slade, and brother to Thomazine Cole who married her cousin Eoger Granville, the father of the famous Admiral, Sir Eichard Granville, of the " Eevenge," cf. Visitations of Cornwall 1573 ; and Anne, who married the above-named John Buller of Exeter, and is mentioned in his will. " Jentile Grenfield,'' the second son, appears as a scholar of Broadgate Hall, Oxford, 21st November 1549. Digcry Granville, Sir Eoger's third, or as some pedigrees place him, second son, was twice married, his first wife being Philippa, the daughter and heiress of Gough, by whom he had five sons, viz , Eichard, Nicholas, Humphry, Eoger, and John. By his second wife, Mary, the daughter of Nicholas Cavell and widow of John Eeskarrick, he had four more sons, Arthur, Digory, Thomas, and George, and four daughters, Lettice, Honor, Barbara, and Margaret. By his two marriages, therefore, Digory had nine sons and four daughters, and it is not easy to assign the various descendants their proper places in the family tree. The marriages of four of the nine sons are known, and doubtless, many of the Granvilles, Grenfells, Greenfields, and other unattached members, that are scattered throughout England at the present day, may claim descent from some of the numerous offspring of Digory. Eichard, his eldest son by his first marriage, married Florence, the daughter and co-heiress of John Kelleway of Cullompton, by his wife Joan Tregarthian,^ and had issue two ' In Bi-.'inscombe Church there is a monument to her memory, on which are the small kneeling effigies of herself between her two husbands, John Kelleway and John Wadham, and behind the husbands are the twenty children she bore them, fourteen by her first and six by her second. The inscription, now obliterated, is thus given in Prince : — " Here lieth intombed the body of a virtuous and ancient gentlewoman descended of the antient house of the Plant a?anets, sometime of Cornwall, namely Joan one of the daughters and heirs unto John Tregarthin in the County of Cornwall Esq. She was first married unto John Kelleway Esq., who had by her much issue. Afttr his death she was married to John L 74 Tlie History of the Granville Family. sons, viz., George of Penlieale, who was Sheriff of Cornwall in 1583-4, and took an active part with his cousin Sir Richard Granville in raising musters for Cornwall ; and William, who died without issue. There were also three daughters, Mary, Jane and Martha, George, the eldest son, died 2 September, 1595, having married Julyan, daughter and co-heiress of William Viell, by whom he left three sons, Digory of Penheale, who married Mary Tregarthian ; George, who received the honour of Knighthood at Whitehall 23 July, 1603, before the coronation of James I., and married Marie, daughter of John Killigrew of Arwanick, by whom he left an only daughter. The following verses on the death ot Queen Elizabeth, by " Geo : Grenvyll, Cornubiensis Armig : " are found in a volume entitled " Oxoni- ensis Academifie funebre officium in Memoriam Elizabethse Anglite Reginee."— Oxon. 1603-4". Nou fiiit impcriis tna laus inclusa duobus Sed lapis iuclusum corpus, Eliza, tegit Belgia te Inget voce et gens aiiglica versii Teq : Jovis sobolem vox simul una facit Obseqiiioq : tuo mea niuta aptata, querelas Tristis ad exeqiiias fuudit, Eliza, tuas. 0 patri claro filia clarior, 0 matre pulclira filia pulclu-ior, Quam numen iugcns urnula contiiiet, Dnm terra mater te, dea contegit. The third son of George Granville of Penheale was Richard of Poughill, who married Gertrude Incledon in 1616, and had issue a son Chamond and two daughters. Ohamond married Honor, but the surname is unknown, by whom he had four'sons and two daughters. The eldest of these sons, Richard (born 16571, married in 1684 Mary daughter of the Reverend Joseph Trewinnard, Rector of Mawgan, by whom he left at his death in 1725 two sons and five daughters. A sister of George and Richard Granville, name Ibbot, married 2 April 1612, at Menhenion, Francis Rouse, fourth son of Sir Antony Rouse, Knight, of Brixham. He was M.P. for Truro 1643, Speaker of Barebones Parliament and Provost of Eton, where he died 7 January, 1658, and was interred in the College (/hapel. Nothing is known of Kicholas, the second son of Digory Wadham of Meryfield in the Ctiunty of Somerset Esq., & by him had (six) children. She lived a virtuous and godly life, and died in an honoui'able age Sep in the year of Christ 1581." The History of the Granville Family. 75 Granville. He is named in the will of his uncle, Sir Eichard, and he appears as executor of his brother Eoger's will. Humphry, the third son, married Thomazine, the daughter of Richard Michell, of Shebbeare. The will of Roger, the fourth son, bearing date 15 June, 1576, Avas proved 13 April, 1579 PCC. John, the fifth son, died young. Arthur, the eldest son by the second marriage, is named iii his half-brother Roger's will. He was buried at St. Tudy in 1613. Digory, the second son, proved Roger's will, the executors first renouncing. He married Philippa, daughter of Hugh Prust, and widow of William Leigh, by whom he had a daughter Susan, married to Peter Porter, second son of Walter Porter, of Lancells, by his wife Gertrude, daughter of Richard Chamond. Thomas Granville, of Aldercombe, near Stowe, the third son, was buried at Kilkhampton 10 July, 1625. He married at Bideford 28 March, 1586, Catherine, daugliter of Thomas Spurre, of Trebathe, and widow of one Brownynge, by whom he had issue an only son, Bernard, who died in infancy, 1588, and two daughters, Elizabeth married (21 November, 1615), to James Carey, of Alwington, near Bideford ; and Bridget married (20 August, 1610), to William Prust, of St. Stephen, Launceston. George, the remaining son, is also named in his half-brother Roger's will. He married Margery, daughter and co-heiress of Richard Trengrove, of Nance, in lllogan. The names of Digory's four daughters, as above stated, were Lettice, Honor, Barbara, and Margaret. Barbara married John Luppingcott, of Webbery, in the parish of Alverdiscott, near Bideford. Besides these three sons, Sir Roger Granville had six daughters. Agnes, married to John Fitz, of Fitzford, near Tavistock. The first of this family was John Fitz, who, as Dugdale says, "was an eminent lawyer about the year 1428, and had great practice, whereby he acquired a considerable fortune. He settled near Tavistock, at a place called Ford, unto which he gave his additional name, from thence called Fitz Ford unto this day. He left issue Walter, who by Mary his wife, daughter of Sampsou, had issue John, who by Agnes his wife, daughter of Sir Roger Graynfild. of Stowe, had issue John and others." 76 The History of the Granville Family. Jane, the second daughter, was married to Edmund Speccot, E,q., of Speccot, in the parish of Merton, co. Devon, the son of Nicholas Speccot. Philippa, the third daughter, married Thomas Tremayne, of Collacombe, near Tavistock. Lysons says " The most remark- able monument of the Tremayne family, of Collacombe, in the parish of Lamerton, in that church, is that of Thomas Tremayne, Esq., and his wife, Philippa, daughter of Sir Roger Grenville, of Stowe, and their sixteen children, eight sons and eight daughters, with the effigies of five of their sons." AVestcote quaintly writes as follows of this union, " Phillipa was to him as the Psalmist saith : — Like the fruitful vine on tlie house side So doth thy wife spring out, Thy children stand like olive plants Thy table round about. For by her he was the father of eight sons and six daughters, most of which I will silently pass ; yea ! the fourth, which was Richard, only with this remembrance, that he was a doctor of divinity, canon resident and treasurer of the Cathedral Church of St. Peter in Exeter : a very learned and zealous, divine and diligent preacher. The sixth and seventh brothers, Nicholas and Andrew, born at one birth, were so like in all lineaments of body, that I may not forbear in regard it came almost to the height of a wonder to declare unto you, so equal in stature, so coloured in hair, so resembling each the other in face, with such similitude in gesture and sound of words in speech, as they could not be distinguished or known one from the other, no, not by their parents, brothers, or sisters, but privately by some secret hidden marks ; and outwardly, by wearing some several coloured ril^band, or such like thing, which they would also on merriment often change to make trial of their friends' judgment. There was yet somewhat more strange, their minds and affections were but one and the self-same : what the one loved, the other desired ; and so on the contrary, what the one loathed, the other hated : yea ! such a combination of the inbred powers in operation of their qualities and sympathy in nature was in them, that if Nicholas were sick or grieved, Andrew felt the like pain and grief : yea ! though they were distant and far removed one from the other, and without any intelligence given. Also it was observed that if Andrew were merry or pleasantly disposed, Nicholas was likewise so aff'ected, though iar away separated, which long they could not endure to be, for Tlie History of the Granville Family. 77 they still desired to eat, drink, sleep, and wake together ; yea ! so they lived, and so they died : for in the year 1564, serving both at Newhaven, the one of them having the leading of a troop of horse was slain ; which the other seeing, stepped instantly into his place and extremity of the danger, notwith- standing would by no persuasions remove, but was there also slain. Therefore, of these two gentlemen may truly be said what was but feigned by the poets of Hypocrates, ' Twins, that they were born, eat, slept, and died together.' " This ancient family of Tremayne takes its original upon record from Perys, Lord of Tremain, in Cornwall, whose great grandson, Thomas, married Isabel, daughter and heir of Trenchard, of Collacombe, by which means the family came into Devonshire, " where it has flourished (says Prince) upwards of 300 years." Mary, the fourth daughter, was married to John Beauchamp. The first mention we find of this family is that John Beauchamp served in Parliament for Launceston in 1328. In the inscrip- tion on her monument in Marham Church, in the Hundred of Stratton, which bears the arms of Beauchamp and Granville impaled, it is stated that she died in 1581. The last repre- sentative of the Beauchamps died in London, unmarried, in 1817. Christiana, the fifth daughter, was married to John Erisey, of Erisey, in the parish of Euan Major, in the Hundred of Kerrier, co. Cornwall. The name has been extinct for very many years, but there are several monuments of different members of the family still remaining in the Church. Amy, the sixth and youngest daughter, was married to John Drake, of Ash, in the parish of Musbury, near Axminster, and died 18th February, 1577, leaving issue Sir Bernard Drake. In the Drake aisle on the south side of the nave in Musbury Church there is a fine series of three pairs of kneeling effigies, the knights in complete armour with gold chains and ruffs, the ladies in black gowns, ruffs, caps, and chains. The first pair represent John and Amy, the second Sir Bernard and his lady, and third Jolin, son of Sir Bernard, and his wife. Under the first pair is this inscription : — Here lyeth the body of John Drake of Ashe Esq., and Amy his wife daughter of Sir Roger Graynfield Knight, by wlioni he had issue six sons, viz., Barnard, Robert k Richard whereof three lived at his death. He died 4 Oct. 1558. She died 18 Feb. 1557. Sir Roger's name is found in connection with an interesting matter of business relating to the Long Bridge of Bideford, the building of which has been already recorded. When that 78 Tlie History of the Granville Family. structure had attained completion, the Image of the Blessed Virgin Mary was raised at its eastern extremity, holding the Holy Child in her arms. "A Chapel was at the same time erected on the opposite side of the way, and here from time to time the charitable were accustomed to present alms, oblations, and offerings, and to bequeath donations for the benefit of the funds of the Bridge. In process of time the amount of these pious offerings were so considerable as to excite the cupidity of the then Rector of the parish, the Rev. Richard Gilbert. In the year 1522 differences arose between him and Roger Graynefelde and the bridgewarden and parishioners respecting these emoluments. The Rector laid claim to them as belonging to the chapel, which formed part and parcel of his rectory, whilst the patron, with the townspeople at his back, insisted that the votive offerings, being gifts for the maintenance of the Bridge, could not without injustice be applied to any other purpose. The dispute waxed warm, and was ultimately referred to the decision of the then recently appointed Diocesan, Bishop Veysey, who, after considerable hesitation, with much solemnity, made and declared his award at the Palace in Exeter, on the 26th of March, 1523 (nostrse consecrationis anno quarto). " The chances are that the Rector got the best of the contest, for in some of the earliest of the old Bridge leases, the Chapel \Yas let out as a private residence, which would scarcely have been permitted had the golden harvest continued. In those same leases the spot where the image stood is described as the Toll House, over which was placed a bell, and the opposite side of the way is designated ' the chapel.' Both these remnants of a superstitious age have proved less enduring than the parchments recording them." — "Memoirs of the Grenvilles of Stowe," by a Bidefordian. Alas ! since this was written, all the old deeds and papers relating to the Bridge, town, and church of Bideford have also perished, having been destroyed some years ago. Sir Roger received the honour of Knighthood only the year before his death, which event took place at Stowe, 7th July, 1524, and he was succeeded in the family honours and estates by his eldest son, Richard. Richard was M.P. for Cornwall, 21st Henry VIII. ; Sheriff of Devon, 24th Henry VIII. ; and of Cornwall, 35th Henry VIII. He had the honour of Knighthood conferred on him 23rd Henry VIII., as appears from an original deed of his, dated 20th December in that year, which is sealed with the single, rest used by his father, but .quartered with another coat Hie History of the Granville Family. 79 — a bend charged with three roundles — probably the arms of his mother's family, the Whitleighs. When Henry VIIL, in order to acquire popularity with his subjects, drifted into wars with Continental nations. Sir Eichard accompanied him abroad, and was appointed Marshal of Calais under his uncle, Lord Lisle. According to Pole " he served under th' Erie of ILartford before Hamble Tewe with two hundred soldiers, and at Bolleyne (Boulogne), anno 38 of King Henry VHL" He is described as a man of active and energetic spirit, and devoted to martial pomp, qualifications which ingratiated him with the Kins;. As Carew writes in his " Survey of Cornwall," (pp. Ill, 112), "he was a man who enterlaced his home magistracy with martial employments abroad, whereof King Henry testified his good liking by his great liberality." Mr. Tregellas, in his " Cornish Worthies," (vol. ii., pp. 11, 12)j has inserted two poems, written by Sir Eichard, which he found amongst the " Additional MSS." in the British Museum. They are apparently in Sir Eicliard's own hand- writing, and are very indistinct in places. Their queer versi- fication and grammar and odd orthography make them very interesting, "In Praise op Seafaring Men in Hopes of Good Fortune." Whoe seekes the waie to M'in Kenowne, Or flies with wyinges of ye Desarte ; Whoe seekes to wear the Lawrell erowcn, Or hath the minde that wo\ild espire, Tell him his native soyll eschew, Tell him go rainge aiid seke Anewe. Eche hawtie harte is well contente With eiierie chance that shalbe tyde ; No hap can hinder his entente, He steadi'ast standes though fortune slide ; The sun, quoth he, doth shine as well Abrod as earst where I did dwell. In change of streames each fish can live, Each soule content with euerie Ayre ; Eche hawtie hart remaineth still, And not be Dround in depe Dispaire ; Wherfor I j udg all landes a likes, To hawtie hartes whom fortune seekes. To pass the seaes som thinkes a toille, Som thinkes it strange abrod to rome, Som thinkes it a grefe to leane their soylle, Their parentes, cynfolke, and their whome ; Think soe who list, I like it nott, I must abrod to trie my lott. 80 The History of the Granville Family. Who list at whome at carte to drudge, And carke and care for worldly trashe, With buckled sheues let him go trudge, Instead of launce a whip to slashe ; A mynd that basse his hind will show Of carome sweet to feed a crowe. If Jasonn of that mynd had bine The Gresions when they came to Troye, Had neuer so the Trogians foyhte, Nor neuer put them to such anoye ; Wherfor who lust to live at whome, To purchase fame I will go rome. Finis. — Sur Richard Grinfilide's Farewell." But Sir Richard felt ,, bound to confess that there is quite another and quite a difterent aspect of the question, and accordingly frames the following set off' to his former lines : "Another of Sea Fardingbrs Discribing Evill Fortunes. What pen can well report the plighte Of those that travell on the seaes ; To pas the M'erie winter's nighte, With stormie clouds, wisshinge for dale; With waves that toss them to and fro. Their pore estate is hard to show. When boistering windes begins to blowe, And cruel costes from haven wee, The foggie mysts soe dimes the shore. The rockes and sandcs we male not see ; Nor have no Rome on Seaes to trie, But praie to God and yeld to Die. When shouldes and sandie bankes Apears. What pilot can divert his course ; When foming tides draweth us so nere, Alas ! what fortenu can be worsse : The Anker's hould must bee our stale, Or ellse we fall into Decaye. AVe wander still from LofFe to Lie, And findes no steadfast wind to blow ; We still remaine in jeopardie. Each perelos poynt is hard to showe ; In time we hope to find Redresse, That long have lived in Heaviues. 0 pinchiugc, werie, lothsome LyfFe, That Travell still in far Exsylle ; The dangers great on Sease be ryfe, Whose recompense doth yeld but toylle 0 fortune, graunte me mie Desire, A hapie end I do require. The History oj the Granville Family. 81 When froatcs and states have had their fill, The geutill calm the cost will clcrc ; The hawtie hartes shall haue their will, That longe hast wept with morning chore ; And leaue the seaes with their Anoy, At whome at Ease to line in Joy, Finis." Sir Richard was an early convert to the doctrines of the Reformers, and lie managed soon after the dissolution of the monasteries to purchase Buckland Monachorum, near Tavistock, as Avell as the Rectorial tithes of Morwenstow Church (the next parish to Kilkhampton), which had formerly l:)elonged to the monastery of Bridgewater. The Abbey of Buckland had been founded by Amicia, the mother of Isabella, wife of William de Fortibus, Earl of Albemarle, in Btli Edward I., for monks of the Cistercian Order. At the dissolution of the monasteries George Pollard, of London, liecame the first owner of the Abbey ; the lands, church, conventual and domestic buildings, which were then intact, being granted to him the year after the surrender, 14th December, 1539, for a term of twenty-one years, at a rent of £23 3s. 5d. ; all great timbers, as well as all trees and wood in and upon the premises, being or growing, l)eing reserved to the Kino; and his successors. Sir Richard was the next possessor, he procuring a royal lease dated 26th May, 1541. For the sum of £233 3s. 4d. he obtained the reversion of the site of the monastery, houses, buildings, barns, tenements, meadows, pastures, feedings, and also the church belfry and burial ground, and in fact every- thing within the precincts of the late monastery. It is curious to note that a descendant of the Sir Richard de Granville, who in his devotion, in 1134, had founded and erected the Cistercian Monastery of Neath, became a partici- pator in the spoil of another house of the same order. The Granvilles, however, did not long continue the owners of Buckland Abbey. In 1580 it was sold, under Royal license, for £3,400 to John Hele and Christopher Harris, who nine months later conveyed the property to Sir Francis Drake, in whose femily it still remains. Sir Richard improved the fiimily estates by his marriage with Matilda, daughter and co-heir of Jolm Bevill, of Gwarnock, the descendant of another old Norman family ^^hich had been settled in Cornwall since the Conquest, and with whom the Granvilles intermarried more than once. The will of Peter Bevill (the father of John Bevill) was proved in 1515. In it M 82 The History of the Granville Family. tlie names of liis two erauddauolitei-s occur. " Item do et leo-o Marie Arundell et Matilde (Treneffelde, fil : Joliannis Bevyll filii mei cuilibet earum £2Q." He also names " Richard and Roger Greynfelde." By this marriage he had issue two sons and three daughters. Apparently both sons died in his lifetime. Roger was Esquire of the Body to Henry VHL, 1545, and was by him knighted. He was unfortunately drowned in the " Mary Rose," on the 19th July, 1545. Tlie " Mary Rose " was a frigate of GOO tons, and one of the finest in the navy, and was com- manded by Sir John Carew. She sank at Spithead with all on board from an accident similar to that which happened two hundred years afterwards, at the same place, 28th June, 1782, to the " Royal George." Being at anchor in calm weather with all ports open, a sudden bree;^c caused the vessel to heel over, when the water rushed in tlirougli the lower ports and sank her. The King himself was au eyewitness of the accident. The "Mary Rose" had been engaged for several days previously fighting the French fieet under command of D'Annebault, the French Admiral, ofii" the Isle of Wight, with great success. Sir Roger, thus cut off in tlie prime and pride of youth, left by liis young wife Thomazine, daughter of Thomas Cole, of Slade, in the parish of Coriiwood, near Ivy bridge, an only surviving son Richard, Avho was afterwards the celebrated hero of the Revenge. Two other sons had predeceased him, viz., Charles and John. The latter apparently died in infancy, but Charles had died only a year Ijefore the untoward accident to the " Mary Rose," and had ])een buried at Buckland Mona- chorum the 28th of August, 1544. Sir Roger's widow was afterwards raariied to Thomas Arundel of Clifton, Cornwall. Her brother, Ricliard Cole, as above stated, had married Alice, daughter of John Granville, of Exeter, the son of the first Sir Rooer Granville. John, Sir Richard's other son, was also, it would seem, knighted, since "Cecille, son of John Graineville Kt" was buried at Buckland Monacliorum the 19th of September, 1579. As John Granville does not appear in his father's will (dated 8 March, 1545-6), he too must have died young. It is curious that there is no reference to Cecille in his grandfather's will. Was he an imbecile ? The purchase of Church property seems certainly to have brought nothing but ill-luck to the Granvilles at this time. Jane, the eldest of Sir Ricliard's daughters, was married to Rol)ert Whettal, Esq., of Calais. ^biiy, the second, was The History of the Granville Family. 83 married to John Gifiard, of Brightley, in the parish of Chittle- hampton, son of Sir Roger Giffard, Knight, whilst Margaret the third, was married to Sir Eiehard Lee, Knight. In April, 1548, William Body, one of the royal com- missioners for Cornwall for the suppression of Popery, was stabbed to death by one AVilliam Kylter, of St. Keverne, while inspecting the church at Helston, and demolishing some images there. Kylter and his comrades were arrested and tried by special commission at Launceston on the 28th of May, Sir Richard Granville being chief commissioner, and having been convicted of high treason, w^ere executed. The affair of Kylter was but a prelude to a general Cornish insurrection. An organized spirit of disaffection silently spread, and Sir Humfrey Arundel of St. Michael's Mount, and Boyer, Mayor of Bodmin, headed the insuro;ents. The rebellion broke out at Whit- suntide of 1 549, upon the occasion of the English liturgy being read in all churches for the first time on that Sunday, and soon the movement spread throughout Cornwall and part of Devonshire. Lord Russell was chosen by the Privy Council to head the resistance, but as he was unable to immediately set out. Sir Peter and Sir Gawen Carew came into the West with the resolve to promptly and sternly put down the disturbance. The rebels, who had marched ten thousand strong through Ijaunceston, now held the Castle, and conveyed to it Sir Richard Granville, whose capture at Trematon Castle is thus cpiaintly told by Carew in his " Survey of Cornwall," pp. Ill, ] 12. At the last Cornish commotion Sir Richard Grejnuile the elder, with his Ladic and followers, pnt themselves into this castle, and there for a while indurcd the Rebels' siege, incamped in throe places against it, who wanting great Ordinance, conld haue wrought the besieged small scathe, had his friends, or enemies, kept faith and promise : bnt some of those within, slipping by night over the walls, with their bodies after their hearts, and those without mingling humble intreatings with rude menaces, he was hereby wonne, to issue forth at a postern gate for parley. The while a part of those rakehels, not knowing what honestie, and farre lesse how much the Avord of a souldier imported, stepped betweene him and home, laid hold on his aged unwejddie body and threatened to Iqaue it liueless, if the inclosed did not leaue their resistance So prosecuting their first treacherie against the prince, with sutcable actions towards his subjects, they seized on the Castle and exercised the uttermost of their barbarous cruelties (death excepted) on the sujjrised Ijrisoncrs. The seely (i.e., harmless) gentlewomen, without regard of sexe or shame, were stripped from their apparrell to their verie smockes, and some of their fingers broken, to pluck away their rings, and Sir Richard himself made an exchange from Trematon Castle to that of Launceston, with the Gayle to boote. After the battle of Sampford Courtenay the insurgents fled in dismay. "All night," said the victor- in his despatch to the Council, " we sate on horseback, and in the morning we had word that Arundell was fled to Launceston, who immediately began to practice with the townsmen and 84 The History of the Granville Family. keepers of Grenfield and other gentlemen for the murder of them thiit night. The keepers so much abhorred this cruelty as they immediately set the gentlemen at large and gave them their aid with the help of the town for the apprehension of Arundell, whom with four or five ringleaders they have imprisoned." But althougil Sir Richard and his companions escaped being deliberately murdered, both he and his wife diet! a few months afterwards from the liardships they had endured, and were both interred at Kilkhampton, he on the 2yrd of March and she on the 25th of April, 1550-1. Sir Richard's will bears date 8th March, 1545-6, after, i.e., the unfortunate death of his son, Roger, in the " Mary Rose ;" and it was afterwards published at Stowe on his death, 18tli March, 1550-1. It begins as follows : — " Perceving by faith and creacion my naturall lyf to be transitorie, holie mynding repentance, in my most humble maner aske of Almightie God forgivenesse, and also of all the world. And under the protection of God make and declare here my last Will and Testament. First, I bequeathe my soule unto Almightie God, my bodie to be buryed in such holie place, where it shall please Almightie God to provide." He wills to Dame Maud his wife during the term of seventy years, if she so long live, his mansion and lands called Buckland, otherwise Buckland Graynfild, in as ample manner as he had by letters patent, dated 26tli May, 1542. And after her decease he leaves them to Richard Graynfeld, son of Roger Graynfeld, his late son and heir ajDparent, deceased, and his heirs male. Remainder to Degory Graynfeld, his brother. Remainder to John Graynfeld, his other brother. The other mansions, viz., his mansion house in the town of Bideford, and all the residue of his town and borough of Bideford in com. Devon ; his mansion place of Stowe, together with all gardens, orchards, and ponds therewith, Stowe Park in com. CJornwall ; his house and borough of Kilkhampton and his mansion of Woodford in the same county, together with all his other lands in Devon and Cornwall, he leaves to Richard his grandson and his heirs male. Remainder to his brothers John and Digory and their heirs male. Remainder to his right heirs. Tie bec[ueaths to his daughter Mary 300 marks for her portion. To his son-in-law Sir Richard Lee and Margaret his wife 100 marks. To his son-in-law Robert Whettal], Esq., and Jane his wife 100 marks. The History of the Granville Family. 85 To liis brotlier-in-law John Drake and Amy his wife 20 marks. The rest of his will shews him to have been a person of sound judgment and a master of economy. His executors were Dame Maud, his wife, his brother-in-law Edmund Speccott, Esquire, John Beaucliamp, his brother-in-law, John Killigrew, and John Bevill, Esquires. He made a codicil to his will, dated at Stowe, 3rd January, 1550-1, and another on 10th March, and another on the J 5th of March, 1550-1, which was but three days before his death. CHAPTER VI. The young grandson who succeeded, and wlio afterwards proved so celebrated an Elizabethan admiral, was but eight years old at the time of Sir Richard's death. Whether he was brought up at Buckland, or at Stowe, or at Clifton under the care of his step-father, is not known, and the story of his boyhood has yet to be discovered. It was an age of enterprise, restlessness and energy. The sons of English knights and gentlemen, no longer contented with the old routine of duties and a stationary place in the social scale, were early out in search of adventure on the wide world, craving to do some deeds which would bring them name and fame, or at least would better their private fortunes. Thus when l^arely sixteen years of age Richard Granville, in company with several othei- chivalrous scions of nobility, obtained a license from Queen Elizabeth to enter the service of the Emperor Maximilian against the Turks. In these wars he at once gave such distinguished proofs of his intrepidity and knowledge of the art of war, that he obtained the commendation of foreign historians (cf. " Magna Britannia" III. Cornwall, p. 163, ed. 1814.) He had evidently returned home in 1568, as in that year he grants to John Halse of Efford " all those lands in East Buckland, sometime the property of my grandfiither." We next hear of him in Ireland, taking part in the reduction of that unhappy country, and suppressing the rebellion of the great chieftain Shan O'Neale, and in this dangerous service young Granville acquitted himself so entirely to the Lord Deputy's satisfaction that he was appointed Sheriff of Cork (1569), an office of great responsibility for one so young. The fall of Shan O'Neale was succeeded for awhile by a period of apjjarent prosperity. A disposition to industry displaced the usual a2:)petite for disorder, and the administration would flatter itself that a new era was commencing. In the harbour towns of Cork, Waterford, Youghal, Limerick, and to some extent even in Galway, trade began to revive, and with trade a sense of the value of order and law. It must have been about this time that Richard Granville found his wife, in Mary the eldest daughter (and ultimately co- The History of the Granville Family. 87 heiress) of Sir John St. Leger of Annery, near Bideforcl, by Katherine, daughter of George Nevil, Lord Abergavenny. She had an only brother who died without issue, and three sisters, namely, Frances, married to John Stucley of Affeton ; Margaret, married to Eichard Bellew ; Eulalia, married first to Edmund Tremayne of Collacombe, and secondly to Tristram Arscott. To the latter her father sold Annery, which he had inherited from his great-grandmother, Anne Hankford, daughter of Sir Eichard Hankford of Annery, and wife of Thomas, seventh Earl of Ormonde. Sir John St. Leger was the son and heir of Sir Eichard St. Les-er and cousin to Sir Warham St. Leo;er, who had also taken an active part in the suppression of the O'Neale rebellion. The marriage between Eichard Granville and Mary St. Leger brought in the quarterings of St. Leger, Donnet, Butler, Earl of Ormonde, Eochford, Hankford and Stapledon, as given in the shield in the frontispiece, as well as numerous royal descents, both York and Lancaster, besides descents from the great Houses of Neville, Percy, Stafford, Beauchamp, Beaufort, Audley, De Burgh, Despencer, Clare, Eitzalan, Knyvett, Montacute, Granclisson, etc. (cf Sir John Maclean's History of Trigg, vol. 1, p. 683). The following law case from the Carew MSS. at Lambeth Palace (vol. 600, fo. 239) is interesting as illustrating the relationship of Mrs. Granville w^ith Queen Elizabeth. "MR. ST. LEGEK'S CASE TO HIS TITLE TO THE EARL OF ORMONDES LANDS." " Thomas Butler, Earl of Orniond, took to wife Ann daughter and heyre of Sir Richard Hankcforde, sonne and heire of Sir William Hankeforde, sometyme Cheefe .Justice of the Court of the Common Pleas, and they had issue Anne and Margaret. Thomas Earl of Ormond had in his own right divers manners in fee and divers in tayle ; he and his Lady in her right had sundry other manners in fee and in tayle. Anne, the elder daughter, was married to Sir James St. Leger, and they had issue issue Sir George St. Leger ; and James died. Margaret was married to Sir William Bullcn, and t\\cj had issne Thomas Bullen. Thomas Butler, Earl of Ormond and Ann liis wife were bothc dead 7 Henry VIII. Anne, the daughter, and Sir George St. Leger her sonne, and Mai-garet and Sir Thomas Bullen her sonne, by indenture, 10 Henry VIII. did make partition. And p'te of the land of the Earl of Ormond was allotted to Margaret and to Thomas her sonne. All the rest of the Father's and all the Mother's land was allotted to Anne and Sir George St. Leger, her sonne. Anne St. Leger after died. Sir George St. Leger had issue Sir John St. Leger and died. Margaret became Lunatick the same year soone after this p'tition and died. Sir Thomas Bullcn had issue Maiy and Anne, 88 The History of the Granville Family. and died. Mary was married to Sir William Gary and Anne to King Henry A''!!!. King Henry VIII. had issue by Anne Queen Elizabeth of blessed memory, and Anne died. Mary had issue Henry Gary Lord Hunsdon, and she and her husband died. Henry Lord Hunsdon did alien that p'te which was allotted to his ancestors, and had issue Sir George Gary, and died. Sir George Gary had issue Elizabeth Lady Barkley and died. And Sir John St. Leger in the time of Queen Elizabeth alienated that which by the p'tition was allotted to his auncestors, and had issue Sir John St. Leger that now is. Queen Elizabeth died without issue." The case is summed up concisely, and opinion given in these words, followed by six separate reasons. "I take it that John St. Leger had good right to the moietie of the mannors and hereditaments allotted unto Bullen." St. Leger received with his wife, the heiress of Ormond, thirty- six manors in England, which estates were all wasted (see Ped fin repeatedly temp. Eliz.), and the descendant John St. Leger, the plaintiff above and brother of Mary Grenvile, died in reduced circumstances without issue. But to return to L^eland. A very short time sufficed to show that the Lish Millenium had not yet arrived, and the English Government added largely to the difficulties of the Lord Deputy and other governors by attempting to force the Reformation upon L^eland, whilst its political and social con- dition was still unsettled. The peace of the country could not be preserved Avithout soldiers ; the soldiers could not be kept under discipline without regular wages, and money, as usual, and especially money for Ireland, was a subject on which not one of her ministers approached Elizabeth without terror, and with the utmost difficulty sufficient sums were extracted from time to time to stave off mutiny. Meanwhile the Queen caused the Earl of Desmond, another dangerous Irish chieftain, to be arrested and sent as a prisoner to London, where he was made to purchase his life by a surrender of everything that he possessed. So enormous were the feudal superiorities claimed by the Munster Geraldines that half the province could be construed by complication to have fallen into the (^)ueen's hands. A case for forfeiture was made out with no great difficulty against the Irish owmers of the remainder.^ In a scheme which was drawn out by Sir Henry Sidney, the Lord Deputy for the colonizing and military occupation of this great southern province, the MacCarties, the O'Sullivans, ^ The area of the land confiscated in Munster at this period was 574,628 acres (see Leland ii. p. 302). The History of the Granville Family. 89 and the other chiefs were to have been associated in the Government in the hope that they would be reclaimed to civility by the possession of legitimate authority. A project, however, briefer and less expensive, was submitted to the Queen from another quarter. This is Froude's account of it : — " Excited by the difficulties of the Government, or perhaps directly invited to come forward, a number of gentlemen, chiefly from Somersetshire and Devonshire — Gilberts, Chichesters, Carews, Grenvilles, Courtenays — twenty-seven in all, volun- teered to relieve Elizabeth of her trouble with Ireland. Some of them had already tried their fortunes there ; most of them, in command of pirates and privateers, had made acquaintance with the harbours of Cork and Kerry. They were prepared to migrate there altogether on conditions which would open their way to permanent greatness The Avhole of the immense territories of the Desmond estates these ambitious gentlemen undertook, at their own charges, to occupy in the teeth of their Irish owners, to cultivate the land, to build towns, forts and castles — to fish the seas and rivers, to make roads and establish harbours, and to pay a fixed revenue to the Queen after the third year of their tenure. They proposed to transport from their own neighbourhood a sufficient number of craftsmen artificers and labourers to enable them to make good their ground. The chiefs they would drive away or kill ; the poor Irish, even ' the wildest and idlest,' they hoped to compel into obedience and civility. If the Irish nature proved incorrigible ' they would, through idleness, offend to die.' The scandal and burden of the Southern Provinces would then be brought to an end. Priests would no longer haunt the churches, the countries possessed by rebels would be inhabited by natural Englishmen ; and Kinsale, Valentia, Dingle, through which the Spaniards and the French supplied the insurgents with arms, would be closed against them and their machinations. The English settlers would have the fish, ' wherein those seas were very fortunate,' and ' the strangers who sold fish to the country people would be driven to buy for their own markets, to the great enriching of good su1)jects.' " — Froude's History of England, chap. xxiv). Such was the project which was submitted to the Queen for her approval, and though the scheme was not altogther unfavourably received, the necessary permission was delayed. Meanwhile several of these twenty-seven speculators, whose ancestors had been forced to leave Ireland during the Civil War in England in the fifteenth century, and had abandoned N 90 The History of the Granville Family. their estates to the Geraldines without prospect of recovery, now produced their title-deeds which long had had no value except as historical curiosities. Amongst these Richard Granville, on behalf of his wife (it is supposed,) and her uncle Sir Warham St. Leger produced theirs, and proceeded to look after their so- called properties without waiting for the resolution of the Council. Nor were they contented with a mere survey ; they carried with them, under the name of servants, considerable numbers of their retainers, believing justly that at such times no title was so good as solid occupation. St. Leger and Granville took possession of several farms and castles in the neighbourhood of Cork : viz- Tracton, Kerrycurrily and Carigy- legn Castle. This occupation of the Desmond estates was stoutly resisted, and an appeal for aid was despatched to the Pope and King of Spain. The Lord Deputy was immediately informed of this by Sir Warham St. Leger " The end of that Devilish Prelate " (so St. Leger called the Archbishop of Cashel, who had sailed for Rome with the petition) " was to resist the good devices w'hich had been formed for the welfare of Ireland," and he could but hope that the Queen would " presently with all the speed that might be, send over the well-minded persons who intended to adventure their lives and livings in the conquest." Finding Elizabeth slower than they wished Sir Warham and Granville hastened back to London to quicken her resolutions, and the moment of their absence was seized upon by the insurgent leaders, Fitzmaurice and the Earl of Clancarty, to call their people under arms. A small vessel, which belonged to Sir John Hawkins, was in the liarljour of Kinsale with a few pieces of bronze artillery on board, of which Fitzmaurice possessed himself, and with these, in company with the Earl of Clancarty, he came down upon the lands of which they had been dispossessed. Lady St. Leger and Mrs. Granville who had been left in charge, had just time to escape into Cork ; the whole establishment — tenants, servants, farm-labourers — had their throats cut, and ten thousand of their cattle were driven off into the hills. In the Calendar of State Papers (Irish Series vol. xxviii.) there are several letters relating to this attack, including one from "Lady Ursula Sentleger " to the Lord Deputy in which she narrates how, on Wednesday 1 6th of June, " the Sheriff" (her husband) " went for England" ; how " next morning James Fitzmaurice with 4000 spoiled Kerrycurrily " ; how on Friday they took Tracton and killed John Enchedon and all her men " ; how " on Saturday they came to the castle The Histoi'y of the Granville Family. 91 of Carigyleyn ; the enemies were informed by the tenants what victuals and provision was in the castle," and she concludes by praying that some order may be taken for her security. Fitzraaurice *canie to Cork with his guns and some thousands of his ragged warriors, and sent a demand to the Mayor " to abolish out of the city all Huguenot heretics," especially Mrs. Granville and her family, and to unite with him in purging the churches of all traces of their presence. His letter was as follows : — Mr. Mayor, I commend me unto you : and whereas the Queen's Majesty is not contented to dispose all our worldly goods, our bodies and our lives, as she list, but must also compel us to forego the Catholic faith, by God unto His Church given, and by the See of K.ome hitherto prescribed to all Christian men to be observed, and use another newly invented kind of religion, which for my part, rather than I would obey to my everlasting damnation, I had liefer forsake all the world, if it were mine, as I wish all others who pi-ofess Christ and His true faith to do ; therefore this shall be to require you, by the way of charity that ye ought to have towards all them that profess to be Christian men, to abolish out of the city that old heresy newly raised and invented, and all them that be Huguenots, both men and women, and Grej'nvile's wife and children, and to set up the service after the due form and manner which is used in Rome and throughout all Christendom and as our forefathers have ever used to fore. Assuring you that if you follow not this our Catholic and wholesome exhortation, I will not nor may not be your friend, and in like manner I wish and require the Chapter and all the clergy of Cork and of the Bishoprick thereof, to frame themselves to honour God as your ancestors have done, and destroy out of the town all the Huguenots with the first wind. From Martyrstone this l?th of July, 1569 Spes nostra Jesu Maria Yours, if ye be in good faith, James Fitzmaurice of Desmond. How Mrs. Granville escaped is not stated, but we next hear of Richard Granville representing Cornwall in Parliament, and on the 18th of April, 1570, he and Robert Hill made a decla- ration at Bodmin before the Justices of Cornwall of their sub- mission to the Act for Uniformity of Common Prayer and service in the Church. But his restless spirit and natural thirst for distinction in the paths of military enterprize induced him to leave England again and participate in the perils and glories of the brilliant engagement at Lepanto (October 1572), when Don John of Austria with the combined fleets of Christendom obtained a complete victory over the Turkish galleys. His name next appears in the petition of divers gentlemen of the western parts of England to the Queen, dated 22 March, 1574, soliciting her Majesty to allow an enterprize for the discovery of sundry " ritche and unknownen landes." 92 TJie History of the Granville Family. After this he is next found Ijenefiting the inhabitants of Bide- ford by obtaining a charter of incorporation for the town. Bideford at this time was emerging from insignificance into importance. A great number of merchants and others, with wdiom he had been engaged in official business when Sheriff of Cork, followed him it is said, from Ireland, driven away by the disturbances in that unhappy country, and settled in Bideford, and it was their extensive operations in the mercantile world which laid the foundation of the future wealth and prosperity of that port. The Charter of Incorporation received the royal sanction at Westminster the 10th of December, 1574, and Eichard Granville was chosen to be one of the first five aldermen, who together with seven capital burgesses elected from their number John Salterne to be their first Mayor. Eichard Granville, as already stated, had represented the county of Cornwall in Parliament upon his return from Ireland, and in 1576 he was again elected to the same honour. The following year he was also appointed High Sheriff for Cornwall and received the honour of knighthood from the Queen's hands at Windsor, (cf. S. Morgan's Sphere of Gentry iii., 90 ed. 1661, under Eichard Gri(n")field).^ Whilst Sheriff of Cornwall it fell to his lot, at the instigation of Ur. William Bradbridge, Bishop of Exeter, wdio was then on his visitation at Truro, to arrest Francis Tregian, the son-in-law of Sir Thomas Arundell, for harbouring Cuthbert Mayne, a recusant priest, at his house at Golden, near Probus, who was disco vei'ed concealed under an old tower, having about him copies of the bull of Pope Pius. Tregian, after being bound over to appear at the next Launceston Assizes, was taken to London, there to be examined by the Privy Council, and was sentenced to be imprisoned for twenty years ; but Maine was committed on a charge of high treason to the Castle of Launceston, " where, when he came, he was laid in a most loathsome . . . dungeon, scarce able at high noon to see his arms or his legs." He was tried and condemned to be hanged, drawn, and quartered in the Launceston market place. When the sentence was passed Maine simply murmured " God be thanked," and when the day before his execution he was tempted to recant, he held his ground in disputation from eight in the morning until night, ' There is a quaint entry amongst the Plymouth Municipal records in the Widey Court Book under date 1577-8 to this effect — " £86 was spent in entertaining my lord of Bedford and my lord and lady of Bedford on her visits, while sixpence was paid for 'suger' when S'" Richarde Grayueville did muster upon the hawe and again 4s 4d paid for carrying a letter to S'' Richard Granville SIR RICHAED GRANVILLE OF THE "REVENGE." VICE-ADMIRAL OF ENGLAND. From an Original Portrait in the Haynes Park Collection. Tlie History oj the Granville Family. 93 refusing life and liberty rather than change his religion. After life Avas extinct he was speedily cut down and as speedily quartered and decapitated, his head being set up on the Castle of Launceston, and his quarters being distributed between Bodmin, Barnstaple, Tregony, and Wadebridge. {c.f. Morris's " Troubles of our Catholic Forefathers," Dr. Oliver's " History of the Catholic Religion in the West of England," and " Memoirs of Missionary Priests," by Challoner). In 1580 Sir Richard and Lady Mary Granville, after oljtaining the royal license to alienate them, sold the Abbey, site, house and lands at Buckland Monachorum to Sir John Hele and Sir Christopher Harris for £3400 and nine months later they conveyed the property to Sir Francis Drake, whose descendants still retain them. The Granvilles had converted the Cistercian Church into the modern house which still exists, and over the chimney-piece is the date MCCCCCLXXVI. They also destroyed the greater part of the monastic buildings and laid out the surrounding land in pleasure-grounds and gardens. The coasts of Devon and Cornwall at this time were suffering greviously from the ravages of pirates, and frequent petitions to the Council from ports in the west told the dismal tale of rapine. Sir Richard Grranville is mentioned, along with other commissioners, as examining John Piers, a pirate at Padstow, 25th October, 1581, and in the following May we find him at Penryn enquiring " as touching the taking away of the Spanish ship out of Falmouth by Sir John Killigrew's servants." The two following letters, which are amongst the Lansdowne MSS. in the British Museum, are addressed by Sir Richard to " the Right Worship" Mr. Doctor Julius Caesar, Higlie Judge of the Admyraltye " and have reference to these piracies. BRIT. MUSEfJM. LANSDOWN MSS. 158, Fol. 48. S'"- Rich. Grbnvile to D« Julius CiESAE. (iood M*" Doctor, I do viiderstonde by my servaunt and others liowe troblesome some causes \v°'' ptely coiicerne me haue bene vnto yo", and \v*''all yo'' good will professed towardes me, for the w'^'' albeit hetherto I haue not bene so gratefull vnto yo" as I sholde, yet in the ende I truste to be founde neither vnmindfull nor vnthankfuU to so good a frende. There is lately come into thies ptes a factor of one Lemons w*'' a Comission from y"^ Courte of tliadmiraltie to demaunde certeyne gooddes w*'^ he pretendeth to haue made proofe of in yo"^^ Courte, but it manifestly apeareth that Lemon intrudetli liimselfc as a comon dealer in like causes, vpoin soiiie intelligence that he hathe gotten that such a shippe is come into my handes and theron at liappe hazarde hathe made some vniuste proofe of somthinge as by his factors instructions apeai'eth, for neither knoweth he the iuste quantetie of the gooddes, nor the prises, by w*''' meanes he is enforced to send to his m' to 94 The History of the Granville Family. vnderstoude the same, (as I doubte not bat his hath sence sent into Hollande to haue the promotion of this cause). But to acqtiainte yo" in friendly and iuste sorte the cause, I can aprove that the gooddes ^w'^^ Lemon wold make claime vnto, were belonginge to Spanishe fleminges, consigned to Ledgers in Spaine, there residente, & other sent to be Ledger there, w'^'' course I thinke the States (relinquishing the governement and their subjection to the K. of Spaine) wold never alowe of ; Besides this they caried some good proportion of victuall for the Spanish fieete, as butter, bacon, cheese, whereby it maie apeare vnto all men that thies gooddes do rather belonge to such as are wholj^e Spanishe then ony waies assured to 'this estate. And that I can make good proofe herof as of other like coulored dealinge of thies men to this estate, and their states there, in the processe of this cause it shall fui'der apeare, yet notw^^'stondinge on my Lo: Admiralles favorable T;res in their cause whose ho. shall comaunde botlie my liefe and all that I possesse in [his] service, I can be contente to deale well w*'* Lemon in such sorte as I may ; for this shippe being taken by some of my company, that acounte hath never come to my sighte w"*^ Lemon demaundeth ; And that w'''^ hath come hath bene so spoiled w*'^ wette and other sea accidentf , as it amountetli not by farre to that qualitie and quantitie, that is Imagined, & yo" knowe how hardly such a company as men in like actions must vse at sea wilbe kept from spoile of such things as come to their fingers, And my selfe hath bene offered the one lialfe for the other even by Douchmen ; wherfoi'e seing thies spanishe flemingf haue so vnequall a cause as in pleading for my selfe, I muste and w ill make it apeare. I hartely praie you in my iuste cause to geve me that favo'' that a trewe Inglishe Subiecte to her Ma*'® and his countrey shall deserve ; of the w"'' as from yo'' owne inclinacon I doubt not, So shall yo" governe and comaunde me in onj' thinge as yo"^ poore frendc. Thus having laid open the estate of this cause vnto yo" as to him who I am pswaded is my very good frende in ony my iuste accons, assuringe yo" that I will not be vnmindfull of yo"^ courtezies toward f me, w*'^ my very hartie Comcndacons I praing yo" to pdon my boldnes w*'' yo", I comitte yo" to the protection of the almightie. Bedyforde this 27 of february 1586. Yo'" assured loving fi'end R7. GREYNVILK. \^A(ldrcssecT\ To the worshipp" my very Lovinge frende M'' Doctor Cajstir Judge of the Admiraltie geve thies. [^Endorsed'\ 27" februarij 1586. S"^ Richard (irencfield about an hulk of Amsterdam. BRIT. MUSEUM. LA.NSDOWN MSS. 14.3, For.. 264. Si' Richard Geenvile to Julius Cesar. Good M"^ Doctor I muste nowe c^ave yow to stande frendlye fof my kynesma, that made the seasure on the shippe and wj'nos at Padstowe, for that theere are others w'^'^ ptend Righte vnto it, yett I tliiuke and hope, that the firste seasui'c by a Comission of Reprisall is good. If that bee so then this other auctliorytie commethe to late as is to bee Justified by these newe dealingf. Garrat Mellines is also putt out of possession, his Bargaine w''' mee for the wynes hathe caused mee to bringe downe a couple of marchaimtf to theire great charge and hynderaunce w''*' if his clayme to the goodf bee vntrew, I thinke he oughte to Recompence them, Avhereine as also that my kynesma maye haiie youre favoure to Inioj'e the seasure that hatlie byne made, I shall moste hartelye desire yo' favoure. And that this honest The History of the Granville Family. 95 marchauiite M"^ Gynnis Avhoe bathe taken great paynes in this cause ou Mellynes worde maye haiie favourable accesse vnto yow in followinge this cau",e. I baue written to my Lo. Admyrall therine as M^" Gynnis can advertise yow. I baue taken order w"^ M^' Gynnis to paye the Douche ma the 120'^ for the oyles and figges vpon the makinge of suche [gravate] and discharge for the same as yow shall allowe of. ffor the other causes accordinge to my speeche w*"" yow the nexte wicke (god willinge) I shalbe able to advertise yow to the pformance thereof, whereby yow shall alwayes fynde me Juste to the moste of my power And so I beseeche god ever to prosper yow. At my howse in Bediford tliis 19"> of Maye 1589. Youre assured poore frend R GREYNVILE. \Addresseil\ To the Righte Worship" M'^' Doctor Julius Csesar Highe Judge of the Admyraltye. [Endorsed^ S'' Richard Grenvill touching the ship and wynes arrested by a kinscman of his at Padstowe. 19" Maij 1589. On the 27tli of December, 1583, Sir Eicliard writes from Eedford as to tlie custody of the castle and island of Tintao-el : " The isle, as it is now left, is a dangerous receptacle for an evil-affected person, and is kept by one John Hendey, who is thousfht to be evil-affected in relisfion," and he recommends liis cousin Mr. George Granville, " now sheriff" of tlie county," to be appointed to take charge of it ; and the same year the confession of Alexander Baray is taken before Sir Richard and Barnard Drake touching a Popish book and Catechism, set forth by one named Lawrence Vaux, belonging to William Edmonds, servant of Mr. Chapell, and used by him in the church of Great Torrington. Among the Plymouth municipal records in the " Black Book," under date 1584, is the following entry : " Sir R. Grendefelde, Knighte, departed from Plymouth with vi. shippes and barkes for Wingane Dehoy wher he caried vi. hundred men o' therabowts." This entry is interesting, as it is generally supposed that Sir Richard's first voyage to America did not take place till the folio wino; "^^ear. 1585, In the Calendar of State Papers belonging to the year 1585 there is a letter from Sir Richard to Sir Francis Wal- singham, in which he " denies the truth of the reports raised against him of having committed unlawful violence in the Parsonage house of Kilkhampton to the terror and danger of Mrs. Pagett, who kept possession of the house." He encloses " a true declaration of his dealings with Mistress Pagett in 96 The History of the Granville Family. obtaining possession of the Parsonage house of KilkhamjDton, of which benefice her husband, Mr. Pagett, had been legally deprived." The following year we find him acting as one of the Commissioners for Dover Haven and proposing the erection of a mole at Folkestone. He sends Sir Francis Walsingham an account of the charges of re-edifying the quay and pier at Botreaux C/astle in Cornwall in four months endina; 6tli August, 1584, with a note of the mode of executing the work, which might serve for a model for Dover or Folkestone. Later on he suggests that the pier ef Dover should be made of stone and chalk combined, and encloses a well-executed drawing of the masonry. He again represented Cornwall in Parliament in 1584, and writing from Penheale (the seat of George Granville), August 6th, says he has been so busily engaged in the musters that lie could not make collections for Namptwich, which had been destroyed by fire, but on the l7th of October he sends from " my poor house of Stow " a further sum of £'2Q for this purpose. Queen Elizabeth, at this time, though successful in all her foreign undertakings was kept in a state of perpetual uneasiness at home by reason of conspiracies which followed one upon another with increasing rapidity in the efibrt to place Mary Queen of Scots on the throne. The feverish apprehensions of the Protestants took shape in the famous bond of association or organisation of loyal subjects into an universal committee for the protection of the sovereign and the Empire. Sir Richard Granville's name is amongst the signatures to the bond of union, and it appears from the following authority from Sir Francis Walsingham, the Queen's Secretary, to the Ordinance ofiicers, that he was appointed to the command of the trained bands in Cornwall at this time. BRITISH MUSEUM ADD MSS. 5752, Foi.. 288. S'' Fra. Walsingham to Mr. Pa3'nter, etc. " After my liasty comendacoiis. . Whereas Ricliai-d Greufekl hath ben appointed by the rest of the Comissious for musters in the Countv of Cornewall to make prouision here of armo'' and muuicon for the fin-nishing of the niuiibers appointed to be mustered and traj'ned in tlie said County, and for that he hath nowe a shippe readye to take in the lading of the said armo'' and nmnicon is to depte out of hand. Theis are tlierefore to desier you to make deliuye vnto him out of yo"^ office of the pcelis contaynid in the iucloasid scedule for the w'^'^ I -will not faile to procure you further warraunt The Histoyy of the Granville Family. 97 from my Lis of the Counsell when their Hps shall meete next here. And so I bid you fare well. " At the Co''te the xxvij"' of Maye 1584. "Yo"' loving friend "FKA. WALSYNGHAM. " To my loving frende M'^ Paynter, M"^ Bouland and the rest of the Inferio'^ officers of thordinnce." What was the result of the petition of divers gentlemen of the western parts of England to the Queen, in 1574, for permission to explore " sundry ritche and unknownen lands " is not known, but about this time Sir Richard turned his thoughts more directly to foreign colonization, and associated himself with his kinsman. Sir Walter Kaleigh, in an undertaking that would give scope to their adventurous spirits. The result of their co-operation was the discovery of Virginia and Carolina, in the year 1584, by two ships belonging to Sir Walter Raleigh and his company, commanded by Captain Philip Amidas and Captain Arthur Barlow. The magnitude and eligibility of the territory acquired by the Crown was on everyone's lips ; and the accounts of those who had been eye-witnesses of the country, its productions and inhabitants, hastened on Raleigh's preparations for taking possession of his newly-found dominions. As soon as the good news spread among the country people of the west, hundreds of hardy adventurers offered themselves as the willing pioneers of colonization in that quarter. A fleet of seven ships, of which Sir Richard took the command, was got ready with every possible despatch ; and when the anchors were weighed at Plymouth, on the 9th of April, 1585, there were none among the thousands there assembled but shared the belief that their relations and friends were departing for a land flowing with milk and honey. The following is the account of the voyage taken from " Holinshed's Chronicles " : — " In this 1585 year even in April at the pleasant prime, Sir Walter Raleigh, Knight, being encouraged by the reports of his men of the goodness of the soil and the fei'tility of the country which they had discovered the year last past, and now by her Majesty called Virginia, with Knightly courage counter - vailable to his double desire of honour by undertaking hard adventures furnished, to his great charges, eight sails of all sorts, and immediately set them to sea, ordering Sir Ricliard Grenfield, his kinsman, a gentleman of very good estimation, both for his parentage and sundry good virtues (who, for love he bore unto Sir Walter Raleigh, together with a disposition that he had to attempt honourable actions worthy of honour was willing to hazard himself in this voyage) his lieutenant, enjoining him either to tarry himself, or to 98 The History of the Granville Family. leave some gentleman of good worth, with a competent number of soldiers in the country of Vii'ginia to begin an English Colony there. Who, with the ships aforesaid, having in his company Sir John Arundel 1, Thomas Cavendish, Kalph Lane, Edward Georges, John Stukley, Edward Stafford, Philip Amidas, Arthur Barlow, Thomas Heriot and divers otlier gentlemen with a competent number of soldiers, departed from London,^ in April aforesaid. But after they had sailed a certain number of leagues at sea, by force and violence of the foul weather they were separated one from another, so that Sir Richard Greenfield, being singled from his fleet, all alone ari-ived at the island of Hispanolia in the West Indies about the middle of June following,- where he detirmined resolutely to remain until he had built a boat, for he had lost his own boat iu the tempest aforesaid. Whereupon immediately after his landing- finding a place to his liking he esconsed himself in despite of the Spaniards, who by all possible means did their best endeavour, by proferring of sundry skirmishes, to enforce him to retire to his ship. But he, nothing appalled by their brags, kept his gi'ound. Twelve days after his arrival there Thomas Ca(ve)ndish arrived at the same place where Sir Richard Greenfield was esconsing himself, to the great rejoicing both of themselves and of their companies. The Spaniards finding it too hard for them (notwithstanding their multitude) to remove these few resolute Englishmen by violence, came to a parley, and in the same concluded an amity that one nation might with safety traffick with the other. Now when Sir Richard (Jireenfield had tarried in that island almost a month and had built his boat, having re-victualled himself and laded his ships with horses, mares, kine, sheep, swine, etc , to transport with him to Virginia, because these sorts of cattle heretofore were not to be found in that country, he departed thence ; on his way he made discovery of many islands and havens upon the continent adjoining, and arrived safely in the new discovered country, where he met with the rest of his fleet, that attended his coming thether, about the middle of July next ensuing, not without great danger of shipwreck, for at the very entrance into the harbour his ship strake on the gromid, and did beat so many strokes upon the sands that, if God had not miraculously delivered him, there had been no way to avoid present death. In this danger his ship was so bruised that the saltwater came so abundantly into her that the most part of his corn, salt meat, rice, biscuits and other provisions, that he should have left with them that remained behind him in the country, was spoiled. After he had remained there certain days, according to his commission from Sir Walter Raleigh, he began to establish a colony, appointing Master Ralph Lane, a gentleman of good account, general of those English which were to remain there, being in all to the number of 107 persons, amongst whom divers gentlemen remained, namely, Philip Amidas, Edward Stafford, Mervin Kendall, Prideaux, Acton, Heriot and others. When he had taken sufficient order for the establishing of Master Lane and his company aforesaid, leaving with them as much of all provisions as his plenty would give him leave, he weighed anchor for England. But in his return not having sailed many leagues from the cost of Virginia, he descried a tall ship of 1 This should be Plymouth. ^ The followiug is Captain Johu Smith's account of the voyage: "The 14, day we fell with the Canaries, and the 7 of May with Dominico in the West Indies : we landed at Portorico after with much a doe at Izabella on the north of Hispaniola, passing by many Isles. Vpon the 20, we fell with the mayne of Florida, and were put in great danger vpon Cape Fear. The 26 we Anchored at Wocoken, where the admiral had like to beene cast away: presently we sent to Wingina to Roauoak, and Master Arundell went to the mayne with Manteo a saluage, and that day to Crooton. The 11. The General, victualled for 8 days, with a select company went to the maine and discovered the Townes of Pomeiok Aquascogoe Secotan and the great Lake called Paqnipe, At Aquascogoe the Indians stole a silver Cup, wherefore we burnt the towne, and spoyled their corne, so returned to our fleete at Tocokon. " The History of the Granville Family. 99 400 tons or thereabouts, making the same course as he did ; unto whom he gave chase and in a few hours by goodness of sail overtook, and by violence won, richly laden with sugar, hides, spices and some quantity of gold, silver and pearls. She was the Vice-Admiral of the fleet of Sancto Domingo that year for Spain. After this good fortune, having a merry gale, not many days after, he arrived at Plymouth in October next ensuing, ^ when Sir Walter Ealeigh meeting witli him did presently resolve upon another voyage to supply Ralph Lane and his companions that were left with him in Virginia, the next spring following ; which accordingly was performed with all expedition." The Spanish ship which Sir Richard succeeded in capturing was almost as richly laden as the treasure ship the " Cacafuego " which had enriched Sir Francis Drake and liis crew, for in this vessel, which Sir Eichard towed into Plymouth harbour, was stowed away a cargo worth £50,000 sterling. According to Hakluyt (" English Voyages " p. 736, ed. 1589), Sir Richard had " boarded her with a boate made of boards of chests, which fell asunder and sunke at the shipe's side assoone as ever he and his men were out of it." ^ On the 29th of October Sir Richard writes from Plymouth to Sir Francis Walsingham, the Queen's Secretary, and acquaints him with the success of the voyage ; that he has preformed the action directed him, and discovered, taken possession of and peopled a new country (Virginia) and stored it with cattle, fruits and plants. " The commodities of the country are such as his cousin Raleigh advertized him of." But Lane apparently had quarrelled with Sir Richard, as we find him writing to Walsingham, on the 12th of August, from " Port Ferdinando, Virginia," and again on the 8th of September from the " New Fort in Virginia," saying that " he had thought it good to advertise him concerning Sir R. Greenefielde's com- plaints against Mr. Candyshe, their High Marshall Edward Gorges, Francis Brooke their Treasurer and Captain Clerk." He certifies to their faithfulness and industry, and to the tyrannical conduct of Sir Richard from first to last, through whose great default the action had been made most painful and perilous. He refers him to an ample discourse of the whole voyage in the hands of the bearer, their Treasurer, directed to Sir Walter Raleigh, wherein Sir Richard's intolerable pride, insatiable ambition and proceedings towards them all, and to Lane in particular, are set forth. He says he has had "as much experience of Grreenefielde as to desire to be freed from the place where he is to carry any authority in chief." ' Captain John Smith gives the date the 18th of September, 1585. ^ VJ, also Purchas his Pilgrimmes bk. viii. ch. 9. 100 The Histi)7"y of the Granville Family. Upon Sir Richard's retirement from Virginia, the colonists, instead of applying their minds to agriculture, were attracted, by the cunningly devised tales of the natives about the pearl fisheries and inexhaustible gold and silver mines of the country. Lane and his associates felt their mouths water with the prospect of the golden rule of Pizarro and the Spaniards, which had so often proved the subject of their day dreams, and now stood l)efore them as though about to be realized. The valuable time, therefore, which should have been devoted to agriculture, was squandered, in researches after a visionary substance, and, exasperated, at the deceptions practiced upon them by the natives, the colonists visited their wrath upon them and severely punished them. Their utmost labours now barely sufficed, to keep body and soul together. The long looked-lbr reinforce- ments of men and stores, which Sir Walter Raleigh's crippled finances had prevented him from obtaining at the proper season, failed them at their utmost need. Every source of subsistence was dried up. The extremities of hunger were dispersing them over every part of the island, each to find food as best he could, when, as if. sent by a merciful Providence to those who had no other trust, Sir Francis Drake, on his return from a successful raid against the Spaniards, appeared in sight with his fleet. He gladly assisted them with food for their immediate wants, and promised them a good supply of stores and necessaries out of his fleet, but unfortunately the vessel he had set aside for their service was dashed to pieces by a sudden storm, and his inability to provide another frustrated his good intentions. Accordingly, the island being no longer tenable, and worn out by famine and disappointment, the colonists petitioned for leave to accompany him back to England, and they were landed at Plymouth the 27th of July, 1586. The fleet, however, had no sooner left Virginia than the ship which Sir Walter had despatched with stores and provisions approached the island of Roanoak, but finding it abandoned, returned homewards. A fortnight afterwards Sir Richard Granville himself, with three ships, hove in sight, having been delayed, it is said, by his vessel being beneaped on Bideford bar. Ignorant of what had happened, he landed with the confident hope of adding vigour and strength to the infant colony, but finding no traces of his colonists, he, too, returned home, leaving however, fifteen of his crew ashore, " plentifully furnished with all manner of provisions for two years," for the purpose of retaining possession. This handful of men soon became involved in hostilities with the natives, and were by them destroyed to the last man The History of the Granville Family. 101 On his return voyage Sir Richard landed on some of the islands of the Azores, and spoiled the towns of such things as were worth carriage, and captured several Spaniards. It was probably on this voyage that he brought back with him the Indian, wdiose baptism in Bideford Church took place on the 27th of March, 1588, and who received the name of Ealeigh. The English climate soon killed him, as his burial in Bideford Churchyard is recorded as having taken place on the 7th of April in the year following. He is entered in the Parish Register Book native of Wynganditoia. However disheartening this unlooked for succession of disasters might have proved to men of ordinary stamp, they only incited Raleigh and Granville to more vigorous operations. Early therefore in the following year, 1587, they fitted out three more ships, which were entrusted to the command of Captain John White, a native of Devonshire, a man well-versed in all the difficulties and trials attending enterprises of this nature. With a hundred and fifty men White landed at Hatorask, and proposed to found a town, to be called Raleigh, in the new country. Every species of disaster attended this third colony. The continuous mass of forest and the endless savannahs of the country seemed only fit for the abode of savages, and these new colonists, with one accord, solicited White to return to England and bring fresh supplies, that their uncomfortable position might at least be made tolerable. White arrived in England, in the midst of the excitement caused the following year by the preparations for the great Armada, and the expedition, which Sir Richard had fitted out to relieve the colonists, and wdiich was only waiting for a fair wind to put to sea, was stopped by Government at Bideford ; and being joined by a contingent from Barnstaple, the little North Devon fleet, consisting, some say of five, others of seven vessels, sailed over the bar to join Sir Francis Drake at Plymouth. The names of some of the vessels composing this fleet have been preserved, and the galleon " Dudley," " The Virgin, God Save Her," and the " Tyger," are believed to have formed Sir Richard's contingent from Bideford, which joined the Barn- staple ships, towards the defence of England against the Invincible Armada. The former of these, a vessel of 200 tons, was commanded (Lediard's Naval History, 1735, p. 238) by Captain James Erisey, a second cousin to Sir Richard. He belonged to the ancient family of Erisey of Grade, co. Corn- wall, and is described as " a Sea Captayne " in the pedigree of the family in Vivian's Visitations of Cornwall, and was thirty-four 102 The History of the Granville Family. years of age in 1588' "The Virgin, God Save Her" was commanded by Sir Eicliard's second son, Captain John G-ranville, who was afterwards slain in the Indies whilst serving under Drake in the unsuccessful expedition of 1595, and the " Tyger," 140 tons, was the ship in which Sir Richard had returned from his first expedition to Virginia, when he captured the Spanish plate ship.^ Thus it came to pass that the unfortunate colony in Virginia obtained no assistance, and the painful fact must be recorded that our first settlers there were suffered to perish miserably by famine, or to fall ignominiously from the savage hatred of the tribes that surrounded them. Thomas Hariot, who has been mentioned as forming one of the earlier colonists, was a mathematician of first-rate eminence in his day. He afterwards wrote " A Brief and True Eeport " of the voyage and colonization of Roanoke in Virginia, which was published in 1588. We have also another account of the colony entitled, " Admiranda narratio fida tamen de commodis et incolarum ritibus Virginise nuper admodum ab Angiis, qui a Domino Richardo Grenvile equestris ordinis viro eo incoloniam A.D. 1585, deducti sunt inventa," etc. There was formerly in the Duke of Buckingham's Library at Stowe a perfect copy entitled " A briefe and true report of the newe founde lande of Virginia, discovered by Sir Richard Grenvile, Knight, in 1585 " Sir Walter Raleigh undertook its publication- and it was printed in folio by De Bry at Frankfort in the year 1590. ^ Mr. Cotton suggests that this ship was Sir Kichard's Spanish prize, re-named after Dudley Eail of Leicester, and he mentions that she appears once again in history. Job Hortop, whose remarkable sufferings as a galley-slave in Spain are narrated in Hakluyt, escaped from San I.ucar is a Flemish vossel, which was captured at sea by the Galeon Dudley and carried into Southampton. This happened two years afterwards. ^ She is associated with an early shark story, related in the Hawkins' Voyages (H.S. , 1878, p. 151). " A sharke cut oS the legge of one of the companie sitting in the chaines and washing himself e.'' CHAPTER VIL The news of the preparations of the Spanish Armada reached England early in 1588. Alarmed Elizabeth and her subjects might well be, for the English as a people were now unused to the art of war, and the navy consisted of only thirty -four ships bearing the Queen's commission, with such vessels as the maritime towns and trading companies saw fit to supply. Sir Richard Granville was selected by the Queen as one of the nine members who formed the famous Council of War, summoned in March, " to consider the meanes fittest to be obteyned for the deffence of the Realme in order to w'thstand any Invation " (Capt. Digby's MS.). Such a direction would, under ordinary circumstances and in the first and foremost place, include general instructions as to the disposal of the navy as well as that of the general army, but this they were not required to do. The navy is scarcely mentioned, and the army only in the possibility of a landing being effected in Scotland. Its action was apparently limited to the military forces on the coast, so as either to prevent the invaders from lauding, or, if the latter were successful, to hinder their onward march. Sir Richard accordingly was given not a naval but a land appointment, being entrusted with the superintendence of the defence of the western parts, ^ and the Council wrote to the Lord-Lieutenants of Devon and Cornwall to inform them that he had received this appointment and was returning to the West in order " to survey the maritime defences and review the trained bands, and bidding them give instructions for the furtherance of this service." Sir Richard's measures proved him to be fully equal to the emergency. Every weak point on the seaboard was converted into a barrier of defence against the invading foe. A compact force of 7,760 able-bodied men, sailors and soldiers, was raised, and Sir Richard himself, at his own cost, provided " 303 men armed with 129 shott, 69 corsletts, and 179 bows." (cf Harl. MS. 4228. f. 70.) The story of the defeat of the Armada need not here be told, since Sir Richard was not called upon to take part in any ' Hakluyt expressly states that he was " personally commaaded not to depart out of Cornewall." 104 The History of the Granville Family. of the engagements at sea ; but when the remainder of that mighty fleet had been driven " to sundry parts on the west coast of Ireland," he received the following royal command, dated September 1 4th, 1588, for the stay of all shipping upon the north coast of Devon and Cornwall, and to await further directions from Sir Walter Ealeigh. Queen Elizabeth to Sir R. Greenville. Whereas We have some occasion Offered to Us by reason of certam shijjs of the Spanish Armada that came about Scotland and are driven to sundry parts in the west of Ireland, to put in readiness some forces to be sent into Ireland as further occasion shall be given Us, which We mean to be shipped in the river of Severn to pass from thence to Waterford or Cork, We have thought meet to make choice of you for this service following. We require you that upon the north coasts of Devon and Cornwall towards Severn you make stay of all shipping meet to transport soldiers to Waterford and to give charge that the same ships be made ready with masters, mariners and other maritime provisions needful, so as upon the next warning, given from Us or from Our Council, they may be ready to receive Our said soldiers, which shall be 300 out of Cornwall and Devon, and 400 out of Gloucestershire and Somersetshire. We have also some other further intention to use your service in Ireland with these ships aforesaid, whereof Sir Walter Rawley, Knight, whom We have acquainted withal, shall inform you, who also hath a disposition for Our service to pass into Ireland either with these forces or before they shall depart. And from this date until the time when, as Vice-Admiral, Sir Richard sailed from England in the " Revenge," to meet his glorious death, he seems to have resided chiefly in Ireland. The administration of that unhappy country during the preceding eighteen years had presented a series of recurring features — severity ineffectually sustained and attempts at conciliation, which were only a fresh temptation to rebellion ; but the destruction of the Geraldines and the crushing of the rebellion in the Pale had been followed by a mutinous calm. The single element which promised better things lay in the Euoiisli settlements that were beginnino; to take root in Munster. The first commencement of colonization, ten years 1)efore, had, as we have already seen, called the entire south into rebellion ; but the chiefs who then rose in defence of their land were all dead ; their children were in exile or were hiding in the cabins among the mountains. The Geraldines were gone ; the properties of three-quarters of the chins had been confiscated, and with some pretence of justice, where insurrec- tion had been tried and failed, the conquerers entered into possession. Cork, Kerry and Limerick were mapped out and divided on paper into blocks of 12,000 acres each, to be held on quit-rents under the Crown. Each undertaker of such lands llie History of the Granville Family. 105 was hy liis letters patent bound to import Engiisli colonists into liis seigneuries before Michaelmas, 1594. Beautiful pictures were drawn, which remain among the curiosities of the Kecord Office, of model Irish properties ; great squares with a church in the centre of each ; at one angle the Lord's demesne, a thousand acres of park, with a handsome Elizabethan manor house ; over against it " her Majesty's portion " four hundred acres, set apart to maintain a police station. In a third angle stands the school, and the rest is divided into smiling farms with solid barns and cattle sheds. So excellent and inviting was the conception that, desolate as the country was now represented to be, many an English adventurer was found willing to turn his hand to convert it into reality. Walter Ealeigh took a grant, and Chidley and Champernowne and cadets of half the families in Somerset and Devon, Stowells, Chicliesters, Pophams, Coles, Carews, Bullers, Harringtons, Warres, Hippesleys, and scores besides them. (cf. " Frondes History of England," ch. xxxiii.) Sir Eichard Granville and SirWarham St.Leger, undeterred by their former experiences had also accepted large grants of land. They appear as " undertakers '' of the country of Kerry- whirrie, Kyrricurihie, and seven ploughlands in Ballyngarrie in Kynnole in the county of Cork, having as their dwelling house the castle of Carigroghan. Sir Richard also purchased the moiety of Kinalmeke of Hugh Worth, " who could not endure the sickness of the country," on behalf of his brothers-in-law Eichard Bellew and Alexander Arundell, an estate of 24,000 acres. In January, 1588-9, Sir Warham St. Leger sends a letter by Sir Richard to Lord Burleigh as to the best means of preventing foreign invasion, and writes at the same time to Walsingham to inform him that " Sir Richard Grenevyle departs hence to the Court." A little later the Privy Council inform the Lord Deputy that " Sir Walter Rawley, with the help of Sir Richard Grenvile, lias undertaken to raise 200 men of the 600 appointed to be levied in Ireland." Evidently AVaterford was one of the ports to be especially strengthened, as on the 21st of February, Sir Thomas Norreys and Edmund Yorke write to the Privy Council to tell them that " Sir Richard Green vile and Sir Warham Sent Leger were hindered from meeting them at Waterford, and that Waterford will find 150 labourers a day at their own charges so long as the fortifications continue, and the country gO more." The following October, writing from " Stowe in Cornwall," p 106 The History of the Granville Family. Sir Richard addresses himself to Walsingham on the subject of the occupation of these Irish estates : — Being newly ai-rived out of Ireland he wishes to make known the state of the nudertakers in the county of Cork. The instructions given to Sir E. Waterhouse and the other Commissioners appointed with him were — (1) To decide the title between Her Majesty and the freeholders for the chargeable lands. (2) To alter the cesses of the soldiers on the lords and captains of countries into a certtiin revenue as in Connaught. (3) To see what Englishmen each undertaker had bought over and planted. When Her Highness had Justice Anderson and Mr. Attorney before Herat the Court, they delivered their opinion that in respect of the charge which was found by office that the traitor Earl (v)f Desmond) had on the land. Her Majesty might justly take three parts of four parts of the land into Her own hands for the undertakers, according to which rate the Lord Barry, the Lord Roche, with the captains of the other countries in Cork, do at this present deal with their freeholders. Yet Her Majesty's pleasure was that some sorts of the freeholders should have a third part. The manner of the Commissioners dealiiig therein was by calling the freeholders before them and den^anding of them what they would willingly yield unto Her Majesty in respect of the charge foi-med on their land (as due to the Earl of Desmond). They gave two days' respite of answer, at which time they, having agreed together, said they would yield to no composition. It was well known that of themselves they will never yield to better conformity. Whei'efore, except Her Majesty please to direct a certain course by the advice of Her learned council who have heard all their titles accoi'ding to that which by law she may do. Her Majesty shall greatly prejudice Herself and hinder Her purpose in planting that country with Englishmen. As for my own part, I mustered before them 100 Englishmen that I brought over with me to plant there, yet have I not five ploughlands to place them in. I was very earnest with the Commissioners to procure them to set down order according as I had heard the Judge and Mr. Attorney yield their opinions, but nothing was done, which hath been to my great harm. And albeit that those freebooters of themselves will not yield, yet in my own knowledge I am sure they expect to have but after the rate of the other lord's freebootei'S, which is a fourth part. For one of them, before the Commissioners came, sold me his fourth part (;f one ploughland in my seignory, he claiming no more thereof. And since the Commissioners departed anot ler freeholder came unto me and yielded a ploughland into my hand, and prayed me to give him the fourth part of that I made of it. All the forwardest of them can say against her Majesty is that the Earl laid this charge upon them by extortion. Many ways appear to prove their error in that, for as there are divers sorts of charges on the land, so are there divers sorts of freeholders likewise that yield only a small rent and suit of court to all, which sorts the Earl and his officeis ever held one course, never taking more of any freeholders that owed only rent and snit but tliat. And yet there is a third part of that niy uncle Sentleger and 1 hold that was held by rent and suit. And of the other lands that are found to owe this charge he often made leases to the strangers when the freeholders would not inhabit the same, to answer him his three parts, leaving to the freeholders his fourth part. And when my uiicle Sentleger and I first planted there, being more than twenty The History of the Granville Family. 107 years past, we being then tenants to the Earl, all those who now seek to keep the whole of the chargeable lands yielded then to give us as much rent for every of those ploughlands as any loi'd or captain of the Trishie do make of their own private land at this day. If the Earl had therein dealt as a tyrant by extortion he would have done it generally, the which he did not do, but took a noble of some, ten shillings of others, and of some, but only suit of court, and so held an equal course with everyone according to his tenure. And when it is known that this Earl and divers other lords of countries had in times past many thousand pounds of cei-tain rents which could not be raised but on these lands which are now chargeable ; and if this chai'geable land be held as the freeholders now seek the same I do protest unto your honour I would not exchange the poor portion I have in England for the greatest lord's living in Munster. Unless some speedy settlement be made of this question the ijroject of peopling Ireland will be greatly hindered and the Queen prejudiced. Concerning the altering the cess of the soldiers, the Commissioners called the lords and captains of countries together and declared Her Majesty's instructions, which lords and captains seemed unwilling to yield a certain revenue out of their livings for that might somewhat toucii themselves, where now though the cess be very grevious, yet it never hurteth them. For that the whole burden thereof lighteth on the freeholders and inhabitants, who nevertheless yield unto their lords their whole demands. But a great number of the freeholders and their followers were very willing to agree to it. Inconveniences grow by the uncertain course that the lords and captains hold in settling their lands to their tenants, who hold the same not above four years, and so wander from one place to another, which course being redressed, and they commanded to set their lands as the undertakers must do, would do much good to breed civiliiy generally in the country, for whereas now the poor man is never certain to enjoy the fruits of his own labour and knoweth not in certainty what his lord would have of him. For fear lie must depend on him and follow all his actions^ be they good or bad ; wiiereas, otherwise, if the poor tenant held his land by lease for his life or for twenty-one years at a certain rent, then were he sure of his charge, and that the overplus were his own, so would he depend on Her Majesty and Her laws to be defended against the oppressions which now too commonly every lord useth. The question of the chargeable lands must be quickly settled. Next Michaelmas the half rent must be paid to Her Majesty and Sir Richard has not as yet as much laud as he is allowed for his own private demesnes, so he cannot place any tenants or raise any rents. Sir Richard is for some years to make his abode in Munster so for his credits sake amongst his neighbours in Cornwall he wishes for per- mission to tranfer the charge of such pi'ivate bands of men as he lias to his son and also that his son ma^' supply a place with the rest in justice. The following Marcli Sir Ricliard petitions for a fee farm of the abbey of Fermoy, and on the 24th of October, the Queen herself writes to Sir W. Fitzvvilliam, the Lord Deputy, on his behalf, that he may have the grants of the Abbey of Fermoy and Gilley Abbey passed to him, as signified Ijy former letters dated 22nd April, 1589; and it would seem that some little dispute had arisen between Sir Richard and Sir Warham St. Leger, inasmuch as the Lord Deputy had passed on the grant of Gilley Abbey to Sir Warham, and the Queen bids him take 108 The History of the Granville Family. order that Sir Richard is not to be disturbed in the quiet possession thereof, and St. Leger is to have " some other thing there." ■ The same day, October 24th, Sir Richard receives a Royal Letter commanding liim to repair to Her Majesty for some causes of service which he shall understand, and to make the Lord Deputy acquainted with this Her pleasure. What tliis special service for his Queen and country was, we can oidy guess,i but probably it was that last great one he achieved, and in the discharge of which he so nobly sacrificed his life. In 1590 the King of Spain was busy with his new Armada. The first had failed wofully, it is true ; but it had failed, so the Spaniards plumed themselves, by no inferiority of ships or men. The winds and waves had destroyed it, not English valour or seamanship. The Pope and his priests would no doubt arrange matters better with Heaven next time. Still it behoved him on his part to neglect no precaution ; and one of these was to stop the plate fleet for that year. One, and an unusually rich one, was lying at Havannah ready for the homeward voyage, but the risk of losing so much material at such a time was too great. For somehow or other, despite the high words, Philip could not altogether blink the sad fact that when English and Spanish sailors met on the high seas, it was not as a rule the former who got the worst of it. So the plate fleet was ordered to winter at Havannah, and even not to sail next year till much later than usual, the chances of bad weather being preferred to the English guns. Elizabeth had been advised of this, and accordingly, as we may suppose, sent for Sir Richard from L'eland, and having appointed him Vice-Admiral of England under Sir Thomas Howard, despatched them to spoil Philip's game hy intercepting the Spanish fleet at the Western Islands. A fresh fleet under Lord Cumberland was also sent to the Spanish coasts, in case the prize should slip through Howard's hands. But Philip knew what was going on as well as Eliza- beth, and in August, about the time wdien the Havannah fleet might be looked for at the Azores, he despatched a part of his Armada down to those islands. On the last day of the month the two fleets came in sight of eacli other off Flores, the westernmost island of the group. ^ A commission was issued in 1590 to Richard Grenvile, Piers Edgcumbe, Arthur Basset, John Fitz, Edmund Tremayne, W. Humphreys. Alexander Arundel, Thomas Higges, Mortimer Dare, Dominick Chester and others to fit out and equip a fleet for the discovery of land in the Antartic Sea, the special object of their search being an approach to tliedominions of the " Great Cam of Cathaia." The History of the Granville Family. 109 Howard had six men-of-war with him, and nine or ten smaller vessels carrying few or no guns, victuallers as they were called, and pinnaces. His fighting ships were the " Defiance," carrying the Admiral's flag, the " Bonaventure," the " Lion," the " Foresight," the " Crane," and the " Revenge," flying Sir Richard's flag as Vice- Admiral. Of these, the " Foresight," and the " Crane" w^ere of small size and light armament. The "Bonaventure" was of six hundred tons, an old ship, but a good one. She had been with Drake in the West Indies, and had carried his flag in the memorable raid on Cadiz in 1587. Though she had now seen thirty-one years hard service, the sailors vowed there was not a stronger ship in the world. The " Revenge" had been built in 1579 at Chatham by Sir John Hawkins, and was the crack sliip of her class in the Elizabethan navy, in which she ranked as what would now be called a second-rater. She was of 500 tons burthen, with a picked crew of 250 men, and carried from 30 to 40 guns. Sir Francis Drake, whose skill in seamanship w^as probably unsurpassed, had chosen her to fight his fight as Vice- Admiral against the Spanish Armada in 1588, and when commanding her in that memorable series of engagements, captured the galleon " La Seriora de Rosario," of 1,050 tons, and her captain, Don Pedro de Valdez. The " Revenge," however, in spite of her fighting qualities, was notoriously an unlucky ship, and Sir Richard Hawkins gives the following account of her mishaps (1622 Observations). " As was plainly scene in the ' Revenge,' which was ever the unfortuna test ship the late Queene's Majestic had during her raigne, for comming out of Ireland with Sir John Parrot, she was like to bee cast away upon the Kentish coast. After, in the voyage of Sir John Hawkins, my father, anno 1586, shee strucke aground comming into Plimothe before her going to sea. Upon the coast of Spaine she left her fleete, readie to sinke withe a great leake. At her returne into the harbour of Plimothe, shee beate upon Winter-stone ; and after, in the same Voyage, going out to Portsmouth Haven, she ranne twice aground, and in the latter of them lay twentie-two lioures beating upon the shore, and, at lengthe, with eight foote of water in her hold, she was forced off", and presently ran upon the Ooze, and was cause that she remained there (with three other ships of her Majestie's) six months, till the springe of the yeare. When comming about to be docked, entering the river Thames, her old leake breaking upon her, had like to have drowned all those that were on her. In 110 The History of the Granville Family. anno 1591, with a storme of wind and weather, riding at her moorings in the river at Rochester, nothing but lier bare mast overhead, she was turned topsie-turvie, her kele upper- most." A chapter of accidents surely ! and it is a singular testimony to her excellent qualities that, despite all her ill-luck, her model should have been selected, after the experience gained in the great conflict with the Spaniards of 1588, by the first seaman of the time, as the best type for future ships, for in the state papers of Elizabeth is this entry: — " 1588. November 20th. Device by Lord Admiral Howard, Sir Francis Drake, Sir William Wynter, Sir John Hawkins, Captain William Brough, and others, for the construction of four new ships, to be built on the model of the ' Eevenge,' but exceeding her in burthen ; the dimensions to be 100 feet by the keel, 35 feet in breadth, and 15 feet depth in the hold." When the Spanish fleet hove in sight many of the English crews were ill on shore, while others were filling the ships with ballast or collecting water. Imperfectly manned and ballasted as they were there was nothing for it — at least so Sir Thomas Howard appears to have thought — in the face of so enormously preponderating a force as they found at hand, but to weigh anchor and escape as best they could, and so it became a complete sauve qui pent. Eleven out of the twelve English vessels got away to the windward of the enemy — but Sir Eichard was in no haste to fly. He first saw all his sick safely brought on board and stowed away on the ballast, and then, with no more than a hundred men left to fight and work the ship, he deliberately weighed, uncertain, as it seamed at first, what he intended to do. He was by this time hemmed in between the Spanish fleet and the shore, and could not gain the wind. In this situation he was recommended to cut his main- sail and cast about, and trust to the superior sailing of the ship to get away. But this he utterly refused to do, saying he would rather die than leave such a mark of dishonour upon himself, his country and his Queen. He told his men that he would pass through the two Spanish squadrons in spite of them and compel the Seville ships to give him way. This indeed he performed upon several of the foremost, who sprang their luff and fell under the lee of the " Revenge," but the wind was light and the " San Philip," a hugh high-cargoed ship of 1,500 tons, came up to windward of her, and becalmed her sails in such sort as the " Revenge" could neither make way nor feel the helm ; and then — The History of the Granville Family. Ill Sir Richard spoke and he laughed, and we roai'ed a hurrah, and so Tlie Httle " Revenge " ran on sheer into the heart of the foe. With her hundred fighters on deck, and her ninety sick below ; For half of their fleet to the right, and half to the left were seen, And the little " Revenge " ran on thro' the long sea lane between. What end could there be, but oue, to courage so chivalric, so desperate, and so devoted as this ? " After the ' Revenge ' was entangled with this ' Philip,' " says Raleigh, " four others boarded her, two on her larboard, and two on her starboard. The fight thus beginning at three o'clock in the afternoon, continued very- terrible all that evening. But the great ' San Philip ' having received the lower tier of the ' Revenge,' discharged with cross- bar shot, shifted herself with all diligence from her sides, utterly niisliking her first entertainment. Some say the ship foundered, but we cannot report for truth, unless we are assured. The Spanish ships were filled with companies of soldie]'s, in some two hundred, besides the mariners ; in some five, in others eight, hundred. In ours there were none at all, l)esides the mariners, but the servants of the commanders, and some few voluntary gentlemen only. After many interchanged volleys of great ordnance and small shot, the Spaniards deliberated to enter the ' Revenge,' and made divers attempts, hoping to force her, by the multitudes of their armed soldiers and musketeers, but were still repulsed again and again, and at all times beaten back into their own ships or into the seas." And the rest they came aboard us, and they fought us hand to hand ; For a dozen times they came with their pikes and musqueteers. And a dozen times we shook them off, as a dog that shakes his ears When he leaps from the water to the land. " In the beginning of the fight," Sir Walter Raleigh continues, " the ' George Noble,' of Lond(m, having received some shot through her, by the Armadas, fell under the lee of the ' Revenge' and asked Sir Richard what he would command him, being but one of the victuallers, and of small force ; Sir Richard bade him save himself and leave him to his fortune.^ After the fight had thus, without intermission, continued while the day lasted, and some hours of the night, many of our men were slain and hurt, and one of the galleons of the Armada and the admiral of the hulks both sunk, and in many other of the Spanish ships great slaughter was made." ' The " Foresight " had kept near the '' Revenge " as well until compelled to retreat. 112 The History of the Granville Family. The great marvel is how a fragment of the brave little craft was still afloat, for Ship after ship, the whole night long, their high-built galleons came, Ship after ship, the whole night long, with their battle-thmider and flame, Ship after ship, the whole night long, drew back with her dead and her shame, For some were sunk, and some were shattered, and some could fight us no more ; God of battles ! was ever a battle like this in this world before 1 " Some write," says Ealeigh, that " Sir Eichard was very dangerously hurt almost in the beginning of the fight, and lay speechless for some time before he recovered, but two of the ' Revenge's ' own company, brought home in a ship of Lime (Lyme Regis) from the islands, examined by some of the lords and others, affirm that he was never so wounded as that he forsook the upper deck, till an hour before midnight ; and then being shot into the body with a musket as he was dressing, was again shot into the head, and withal his chirugion wounded to death. This agreetli also with an examination taken by Sir Francis Godolphin, of four other marines of the same ship being returned, which examination the said Sir Francis sent unto Master William Killigrue, one of Her Majesty's Privy Chamber." But to return to the fight. " The Spanish ships which attempted to board the ' Revenge ' as they were wounded and l)eaten off, so always others came in their place, she having never less than two mighty galleons by her sides, and aboard her ; so that ere the morning, from three of the clock of the day before, there had been fifteen several Armadas assailed her ; and all so ill-approved their entertainment, as they were led by break of day far more willing to a composition than Jiastily to make any more assaults or entries. But as the day increased, HO our men decreased ; and as the light grew more and more, by so much more grew our discomforts ; for none appeared in sight but enemies, saving one small ship called the ' Pilgrim,' commanded by Jacob Whiddon, who hovered all night to sec the success ; but in the morning bearing with the ' Revenge,' was hunted like a hare amongst many ravenous hounds, but escaped. All the powder in the ' Revenge ' was to the last barrel exhausted, all her pikes were broken, forty of her best men killed. . . . the masts all beaten overboard, all her tackle cut asunder, her upper work altogether razed, and in effect evened she was with the water, but the very foundation of a ship, nothing being left overhead either for fight or defence." The History of the Granville Family. 113 Mr. 0. W. Brierly's recent engraved picture of this stage of the fight, showing the little " Revenge," with her mainsail down and lying over her " like a pall," surrounded by her overtower- ing enemies, still afraid to approach the dangeroas little bark,, gives a vivid and probably accurate idea of the tremendous odds against which the devoted Englishmen had to contend. Sir Richard, finding himself in this distress, and unable any longer to make resistance, having endured in this fifteen hours' fight the assault of fifteen diff"erent Armadas, all by turns aboard him, and by estimation eight hundred shot of great artillery, besides many assaults and entries ; and that the ship and himself must needs be possessed of the enemy, who were now all cast in a ring about him, now gave the order to destroy his gallant craft. We have fought such a fight for a day and a night As may never be fought again ; AV e have won great glorj-, niy men, And a day less or more At sea or ashore, We die, does it matter when 1 Sink me the sliip, Master Gunner — sink her — split her in twain ; Fall into the hands of God ! not into the hands of S|)ain ! To this the master-gunner readily assented ; but according to Raleigh's account the captain and master pointed out that the Spaniards would doubtless give them good terms, and that there were still some valiant men left on board their little ship whose lives might hereafter be of service to England. Sir Richard was probably by this time too weak and wounded to contest the matter further ; the counsels of the captain and master prevailed, and the master actually succeeded in obtain- ing for conditions that all their lives should be saved, the crew sent to England, and the officers ransomed. In vain did the master-gunner protest and even attempt to commit suicide. Tennyson has summed up the story in one sad line : — And the lion lay there dying, and they }-ielded to the foe. The 'Revenge' being filled with the bodies of the dead and dying, and resembling a slaughter-house, the Spanish sent to have Sir Richard removed out of her. Sir Richard answered " that he might do with his body what he liked, for he cared not ; " and as he was carried out of the ship he swooned, but reviving again, desired the company to pray for him. Sir Richard was taken on board the ship called the " Sant Paule," wherein was the Admiral of the fleet, Don Alonso de Q 114 The History of the Granville Family. Barsan ; there his wounds were dressed by the Spanish surgeons, but Don Alonso himself would neither see him, nor speak with him. All the rest of the captains and gentlemen went to visit him, and to comfort him in his hard fortune, wondering at his courage and stout heart, for he showed not any signs of faintness nor changing of colour. But no fair words nor surgery could save Sir Richard. He died on the second or third day after his removal, and all the Spanish gentlemen mourned for him as though he had been of their own blood. His last words were in Spanish, and therefore addressed to the Spanish officers. " Here die I, Richard Grenvile, with a joyful and quiet mind ; for I have ended my life as a true soldier ought to do, fighting for his country. Queen, religion, and honour ; whereby my soul most joyfully departetli out of this body, and shall leave behind it an everlasting fame of a valiant and true soldier that hath done his duty as he was bound to do." When he had finished these or such other like words he gave up the ghost, with great and stout courage, and no man could perceive any true sign of heaviness in him. The dying words of Wolfe on the heights of Abraham, Moore on the hill over Corunna, or Nelson on the " Victory" at Trafalgar, do not surpass those of this fine old seaman warrior, who spoke his own epitaph when he lay on board the Spanish ship, his life-blood ebbing away. Whatever Don Alonso's motive may have been for not seeing Sir Richard (whether anger at his severe loss of two ships and 400 men, or gentlemanly feeling in refusing to gloat his eyes on his dying foe), he appears to have behaved more kindly to the English prisoners than Spanish commanders in those days were wont to do. Linschoten met the English captain of the soldiers of the " Revenge " at dinner at Captain Bartandono's — one of the Spanish captains who had commanded the Biscayans in the Armada. Bartandono " seeing us, called us up into the gallery, where with great courtesy he received us ; being then set at dinner with the English captain that sat by him and had on a suit of black velvet ; but he could not tell us anything, for he could speak no other language but English and Latin, which Bartandono could also speak a little." " The English captain (who had commanded under Sir Richard) was permitted by the Governor to land with his weapon by his side," so the Spaniards even strained courtesy so far as to allow their prisoner to retain his sword. He was in his own lodging " The Governor of The History of the Granville Family. 115 Terceira bade him to dinner ; and shewed him great courtesy. The master likewise, with licence of Bartandono, came on shore and was in our lodffino^. He had at least twelve wounds aa well in his head as on his body." The English captain was sent to Lisbon and was received with courtesy and sent to England. The master died of his wounds. But the " Revenge," like Sir Richard, had fought her last fight. The Spaniards patched her up as well as they could, and put a crew of their own on board. But a few days after the fight a great storm arose, and the " Revenge " went down off St. Michael with two hundred Spaniards on board, and fourteen of the galleons went down with her to give her honourable burial. Several more were lost amon^ the other islands, and of the great plate-fleet itself, " the cause of all this woe," what with this storm and the English cruisers, among whom the brave little " Pilgrim," figures again, less than one- third ever came safe into Spain. " Thus (wrote Raleigh) it hath pleased God to fight for us." This last fight of the "Revenge" has well been called " England's naval Thermopylae." It was, from the first, as hopeless a battle as that of the Spartans under the brave Leonidas, and its moral efi"ects at the time were hardly less than that of ThermojDylse. " By many men's judgments" the ruin of the great Spanish fleet in the fight, and in the storm afterwards in the Azores, " was esteemed to be much more than was felt by their army (Armada) that came for England (in 1588'/, and it may be well thought and presumed that it was no other than a just plague, purposely sent by God upon the Spaniards, and that it might truly be said the taking of the ' Revenge' was justly revenged upon them ; and that not by the might or force of man, but by the power of God." Spain, disheartened by the Armada, lost all prestige by the Ther- moplfe of the sea, and has never regained it. The death of Sir Richard made a deep impression on his countrymen ; there is but one historian that speaks in a slighting manner of his conduct and death, and that one is Sir William Monson, a cold, unfeeling and heartless censurer of most other men's actions. He calls Sir Richard a " stubborn man, so head- strono; and rash that he offered resistance to those who advised him to cut his cable and follow his Admiral ; " that " his wilful rashness made the Spaniards triumph as much as if they had obtained a naval victory," etc. Other feelings prompted greater men to view Sir Richard's conduct in a different light. " The fight of the ' Revenge,' " 116 The History of the Granville Family. says Lord Bacon, " was memorable even beyond credit, and to the height of some heroical fable : for though it were a defeat, yet it exceeded a victory ; being like the act of Samson, that killed more men at his death than he had done in the time of nil his life. This ship," he adds, " for fifteen hours sat like w* ray unspeakable thanks for all y"' loving care and good respects to my deare father both in his life and death, for w'^^ I beseech God to reward you all and I shall ever rest ¥<>•■ faithfull fr : to ser : you Bevill Grbnvile. Sir Bernard died the 16th of June, 1636, probably at Tremeer, where he seems latterly to have resided, and was T 138 The History of the Granville Family. buried at Kilkhampton ten days afterwards as the Parish Eegister bears witness. : "Sir Bernard Grenvile, Knight, buried 26 June 1636." The portraits of Sir Bernard and his wife (who evidently predeceased her husband, though the date of her death is unknown), painted by Zucchero, were formerly in the possession of the Duke of Buckingham and were sold at the great sale at Stowe in 1848, and purchased by the Duke of Sutherland and added to the collection of family portraits at Trentham. Another portrait of Sir Bernard is in the possession of Mr. Thynne, at Haynes Park, Bedford, whilst a miniature portrait is in the possession of the Granvilles of Wellesbourne. Bernard Granville had issue a numerous family : — (1) Bevil (of whom presently). (2) Bernard. In all the pedigrees no mention is made of this son, yet it appears from the "Alumni Oxonienses " that there was a " Bernard Grenville" who took his B.A. at Exeter College 16 Feb. 161| and his M.A. 24 July 1619 and in the " Theni Exoniensium in obitum D. Johannis Petrei Baronis de Writtle, Oxon 161f " are some verses signed " Barn : Grenvile Coll. Exon Armis; fil " which seems conclusive. There are also verses in "Justa Bodlei, Oxon. 161f " and in "Epithalmia in nuptias Frederici Comitis Palatini, Oxon 161f " also signed with his name.^ ' [From " Justa funebria PtoleniDoi Oxcniensis Thomse Bodlei." Oxon 1613, 4°.] 1 A Ccipe BODLEIO cur sequiparatur Apollo, Elle pro ut poterint virq ; Plancta pares, 2 Letificat Phoebus difijerfo lumine terras, Bello llta illius numine leta fuit. 3 Sol inter reliquos eft dignior orbe planctas ; I ' BODLEIO nullus dignior alter erat. 4 Vt fol Mutarum pater eft fub nomine Phoebi, Thefpiadum turbae lie pater ille fuit. 5 Sol tenebras noctis lucenti dillipat ortu, Lucera Pierijs iic tulit ille choris. 6 Phoebus ad ocoatum directo tramite vergit, Et fubit Hefperias illius axis aquas : Ille su9e vitte finito in funere curfu Moeftificee mortis trifte fubivit onus. 7 Vt uullo turpi maoulatur crimine Phoebus, EODLEII curfus iic fine labe fuit. 8 Vt folem in coelo femper ce!er evehit axis ; Axis BODLEII fama corufca fuit. 9 BODLEIUS Phoebufq ; Academia Cynthia^ luce liine Sumlit : Sol coeli gloria, & ille foli. 10 Deniq ; vt occiduis fol eft rediturus ab vndi Redderet vt folitum lumen in arce pol : Sic ille occiduis lethi rediturus ab vmbris, Tandem maiori luce refurget ovans, The History of the Granville Family. 139 Probubly he died young as there is no reference to him in any of the letters extant, or he may possibly have been the son of Sir George Greynvil, though his christian name suggests otherwise. (3) Richard (of whom presently). (4) John, baptized the 29th of September, 1601, at Kilkhamp- ton, and living 18 July 1641 as his letter (given in the next chapter) shows (5) Roger, baptised the 17th of April, 1603, at Bideford, and drowned in the service of Charles the First. He was unmarried. (6) A nameless son, buried at Kilkhampton, 12tli of September, 1605. There were also two daughters, viz. : — (1) Elizabeth, buried at Kilkhampton the 12th September, 1605. (2) Gertrude ; baptized at Kilkhampton, the 8th of May 1597. She married first, Christopher Harris of Lanrest, co. Iiiterea Mutae lugent : Academia mooret BODLEII funus flens line iine im. Scilicet occubuit BODLEIVS iiofter Apollo, Quid facerent mufae cum pater ipfe perit ? BARN. GREYNVILE Col, Exou. [From "Threni Exoniensium in obitum D. Joliamiis Petrei Earouis de Writtle.] Oxon- 1613, 4. Ad illajt. Baronem GuU. Pelreum C 0 rnices aquila; non generant aeq ; Spina es Palladia provenit arbore. Nec clarus genuit te Pater vnice Gnatum diiliniilem fui. Sis tu femper avo, iis fimilis Patri In te nec tituli iic pereant fui Qui mites fuerint femidei, & Donius Fulgens Exonicc decus. Sic vltra altriferos fama feret polos, Sic tecum meritas Exonice preces Duces, & decus, & prsiemia glorias Virtus contribuet tua. Ad Illust. Cathaiinam Baronis Petrei vxorem d Comilis Wiyornienjis filiam. Anna, Maria, dux Charites, & facra lucre Sydera in Exonio femper habenda polo. Tu Catharina, Annam, OatJiarina, imitare Mariam, Perfectus Charitum flat vt ifte chorus. Dum nos foverunt famani genuere perennem ; Fama tua vt vivat, nos Catharina fove. BARN. G REN VILE Coll. Exon. Armig. fil. [From " Epithalmia ... in nuptias Fi-ederici romitis Palatini. Oson. 1613, 4°.] Q Vara pia, quam prudens, tanto qua cojuge digna eft, J'ulchra probat fpecies, nomen (Elisa) probat : Quam pius, & prudens, tantii quam conjuge dignus, Teftantur, cielum, fydera, terra, fretum His ccBlum benedixit, eis pia fydera lucent : Mite fretum reditu, terra benigna manet : Anglia dimidium nunc his concellit amoris, C'aBtera pars CAROLO debita tota manet BARNARD GKEYNEVILE Coll, Exon. Gen. 1 40 The History of the Granville Family. Devon, M.P. for West Looe, a great-nephew and heir of the Sir Christoplier Harris, who had married her aunt Bridget ; and secondly, ~by license dated, Exeter, the 28th of June, 1624, Antony Dennis of Orleigh near Bideford, and of Lesnewth, Cornwall, who died June, 1641, (will dated 30th April, with codicil 15th May, 1641; proved 4th July following, P.C C. 88, Evelyn). There were six children the issue of this marriage, viz : Richard, who died in infancy ; Mary, who l^ecame the wife of Sir Thomas Hampson, Baronet of Taplow, near Maidenhead ; Elizabeth, who wedded Sir John Hern ; Gertrude, who married Nicholas Glynn, of Glynn ; and two other daughters who died young. In the partition of the Dennis estates, Orleigh fell to Nicholas Glynn, who sold it to John Davies a Bideford merchant. The Cornish estates passed to the Hampsons. Sir Thomas Hampson died the 22nd of March, 1670, and his widow in the following year, suffered a fine in the manor and advowson and bailliwick of the Hundred of Lesnewth, probably for purposes -of settle- ment, " to Thomas Turner and Philip Vennyng gentlemen." Lady Hampson died in 1694, and by her will, dated 4th March, 1678, devised her Cornish estates to her second son Henry Hampson, who died without issue in 1719, and his elder brother dying also in the same year, the property devolved upon William Glynn, grandson of Nicholas and Gertrude Glynn, in whose family it remained till purchased by Lord Churston (then Sir John Yarde Bidler), in 1828. Mrs. Gertrude Dennis ended her days with her daughter, liady Hampson, and was buried at Taplow in 1682, in the 86th year of her age. SIR BEVILL GRANVILLE. SLAIN AT LANSDOWNE. From an Original Porlrait, by Vandyck^ in the Wellesbourne Colkction, CHAPTER IX. Bevill Granville, Sir Bernard's eldest son, was born on the 23rd of March, 1595-6 at Briun, probably Great Brinn, the seat of the Bevills — but not a stone of the old mansion is now standing — in the little Cornish parish of Withiel, and was baptized two days afterwards, on the Feast of the Annunciation in Withiel Parish Church. His boyhood was spent at Stowe, where he doubtless became familiar with those martial exercises in which he was afterwards destined to excel, his father being at the head of a large body of soldiers, both militiamen and volunteers. The first event recorded in his life must have occurred when he was quite a boy, and is in connection with another lad, who in after life exercised great influence upon him in the world of politics, namely John Eliot. Eliot, ardent and impetuous, and but little restrained by an indulgent father, had fallen under ill report from jealous neighbours, and one of them, a Mr, Moyle,^ took upon himself to warn the father that such was his son's repute. He might have done so much without offence, but unfortunately he seized the opportunity to reveal some money extravagance, of which he had obtained the knowledge unfairly, and this being repeated with aggravation, young Eliot, who was then barely fifteen, went in hot chase and passion to Moyle's house. What words ensued, or whether any further provocation was given is not known, but the quick-tempered lad drew his sword and wounded Mr. Moyle in the side. For this an " Apologie " was afterwards sent, signed by Eliot and witnessed by William Cory ton and Bevill Granville. The apology is impressed in every word by the generous heart eager to atone for unpremeditated wrong. It was thus — " Mr. Moyle, — I do acknowledge I have done you a great injury, which I wish I had never done, and do desire you to remit ; and I desire that all unkindness may be forgiven and forgotten betwixt us, and henceforth I shall desire and deserve your love in all friendly ofiices as I hope you will mine." ^ Afterwards Sheriff of Cornwall (1624) and one of the sequestrators, 1648. He died at St. Germans, 9 October, 1661. 142 The History of the Granville Family. From Stowe, Bevill went to Oxford, and matriculated the 14th day of July, 1611, at the famous old west country college, " Exeter," where he was placed under the care of Dr. Prideaux, the Rector. He seems to have distinguished himself at the University in various ways, e.g., by giving a silver cup to the College ; by contributing poetry to an " In Memoriam " upon a deceased friend^ ; and by taking his B.A. degree before he was eighteen, viz, on the 17th of February, 1613-14. His University career being over he entered the world of London — a world in which Lord Bacon, Sir Walter Raleigh, (his kinsman) and Arabella Stuart, Carr, Earl of Somerset and his notorious wife, and Villiers, afterwards Duke of Buckingham, were living" actors. Here, to judge from the kindly responses from his father, the young man's affections seem soon to have been engaged. — SIR BERNARD GRANVILLE TO BEVILL. Beuill, you write to me to understand my liking of your affection to JX daughter. She is of greate bearthe that I mutch aprooue her person I see & must Uke w'^ your eyes & Judgement, a wise Jenerall in y" warrs will not put on upon any service but y' he will first be sure to speed or to cu off w"' honoure. do y°. Imitate that provident care & goe foi-warde w'' y°'^ resolution, but if you firste attempte before y° haue hope of preuayling & in y^ end be bittne w*^ an honorable frowne it will bee a Corasive though it cu from greatness, you have chofne well to worke by yt wise knights aduise who & IX have longe before this nighteberhood been verry intimat frendes. he hath greate reason to love y^ ofFspringe of S'' R G & sure I thinke hee doth confeue w*"" him or aney other y' y° know can worke powerfullyest with JX or his La} & if by these or by your owne merritt in y^ eyes of f yeounge Ladey y""^ hopes do geive y° an incouradgement to proceed promiss aney thing of myne estate yt shall stand w'' y°^' owne good & y""" possteriteys & it shall be made good, you write to have my Cosen W C sente up to you I will do my best to sende him but first let mee understande by y°'-' lers whether y^"^ hopes will make his trauayle to aney purpose, if it will I know his loue is such to us all yt dowbteless he will shunne no trauayle to do us good offices espesially in this keinde, but I wowld bee loth to send him in a fruiteless errand. I have heirde yt JX hath sayed he had rather marry his daughter to a Jentleman of a good famyley yt hath a comptente estate to mayntayne him then to a greate Lorde. this geiveth mee hope though su of y""^ frendes feare that greateness will be y"'^ opposite put on for it. I like well y'^'' choyse a meaner hearth then - [From " Threni Exonieusium."] Displicuit Parciis (quid enim uon displicet illis ? ) Matarum domui, te superesse Petram ; Ergo Petrie secant tua Candida pensa, putantes Si Petra tanta ruat, corruet ipsa Domus. Has tamen falli video fecando Peufa Petreij : ruitura non eft Sacra Mutarum Domus, alter istam Sustinet Atlas. BEVILL GRENVILE, Eqtdtis Jilius vniyenilus TTie History of the Granville Family. 143 yours hath obtayned greater honor, asure yourselfe ther shall bee nothing omitted of my part y' will farder it. my chafest desire is to see your prosperytey in all goodness I pray God to blesse you & So I rest your louing father Bn Grenuile. at Keligarth y 6"^ of August 1614 you vse a thing y' I cannot tell how to blame you for, becawse it is to oftne a fawlte in myself, y"'' lers beare no date w'^^ maketth us not to know hew long they ar in cumming to us. To my beloved sonne Beuill Grenuile at Vreines howse on y^ backside of St. Clementes Churtch in Strand neire London. Two other letters from his father written to him in London during the next three years are extant. — SIR BERNARD GRANVILLE TO BEVILL. I am caled on by a sodden knowledge of owld Rasheys riding for London to morrow morning to scribble hastely becawse I will nott skippe aney I can learne to write by y"'' sodden going &, my not knowing of it made mee for gette to talk w"^ y" of Captayn Henry Skipwell h my vnkle s' legers busines & now I have not time to write scai's sins but if y" may fitly speake w' my vnkle let y""^ hast & my not knowing it excus my not writing to him by the next I will. I pray deliuer this box & letter to M"" Pollard safely I also for gatt to mynde y° to lerne how I might bee serued w*'' thos peeses of armors y' y^ cuntry wante as Powldrons, tassis gorgetts & scherrions as well as y® whole armours let mee know by your next I heere nothing of M'' Connoe since y™' departure I am meruilowse woe for his sickeness you must now learne to stande by your selfe & negntiat yt business alone w' IVP Pollards aduice I know not vnless Cootly bee fitt whom to send w^ it unless Carnsew who is wise will take a Journey who y" thinke best I will send if you will have aney S' L Stukeley follows hotly for S'^' R Bassatt Sir F G for his bi'other lern w'=^ is the hope- fullest I mutch feare B for his sister tax him mutch they say he doth loose (?) mutch Patrimony & I wowlde be loth to put so tender a hart to sorrow seing the best may bring enough I pray send mee down by the first 3 or 4 cockes to bee sett on them beckes pipes to lett water owt of the hedde they must be stantch & no greate wons Pollard can aduise y" w'-'^ I showlde write of more but time will not permitte me I being now caled to an ende &, my remembrance bad I pray God to bless you & prosper all y""^ good actions in hande I w'^'' I must leaue to his good guidance & so I rest Yo^' louing father Bar Grenvile ye first of May 1615 wen y'^ Docter cam backe to Colocombe hee fownd ther S Weekes & his neuey Ackland ther hee thinkes all is doon. To my beloued sonne Bbvill Grenvile 144 The History of the Granville Family. this SIR BERNARD GRANVILLE TO BEVILL. I reseriued y""^ By y""^ ma & sent y® enclosed to M' Byrd I am glad y° resolue to make but small stay in London I pray God y° howld your resolution Keligarth will bee more safe & more quiett if y® Lady howld her strickte peruerce humor I may well suppose it is to make a breatch I wish shee might know tho y* ther ar as maney women as men in England how so euer it stand I will euer honowr y* Noble Lord k exceedingly loue his vertuowse weife while I Hue if y° leaue it throwgh their inforcement forenot but wee shall bee able & willing to pay debtts w"^ owt their portion D Tremayn^ cums eeuen now fro Bediford wher Beuill Prideaux^ ariued w' a bai'ke of Corne fro lerland or ^ Eicliard Tremayne, 6th son of Arthur Tremajne, who married Mary, daughter of Sir Richard Granville. - Bevill Prideaux, eldest son of Humphry Prideaux of Westwood, Crediton, who married Johanna, daughter of John Bevill of Kelligarth. wals & hath mad greate host to my cozen M Weekes & others y* he will haue Beuills lande fro- us being next ayre unto it by an espessiall intayle I cannot but smyle to see how y'' foole feedes him fatt. Commend mee to C Skipwill I pray tell him I shall bee glad if he can gett mee good place for your Brother Rg yt he ca gett mee aquayntance w' su honest martchant y' will supply him w*^ moneys theare & bee payed heer by mee on Dicks acknowledgement of y® reseite looke heedely to yowr self & I pray God to bleese yow. Y""" louing father Bar Grenvile 21 Martij To my beloued son 1617 Bevill Grenvile this wt speed Evidently the lady, whom we may suppose was JX's daughter, did "howld her strickte perverse humor." "The breatch " widened and the engagement ended, for in December of the same year Sir Bernard writes to his aunt Lady Grace Smith, consenting to a marriage between his son Bevill and Grace her only child, by her second marriage with Sir George Smith of Madford, Heavitree, near Exeter. Lady Grace Smith was the daughter and co-heiress of William Vyel], Esquire, of Trevorden, and had married as her first husband Peter, the second son of Peter Bevill of Gwarnick, and uncle of Elizabeth Bevill, Sir Bernard's wife. He therefore calls her aunt. SIR BERNARD GRANVILLE TO LADY GRACE SMITH. My Hon'"'^ Ladey the Idolitry of Aron in the 32 of Exodus in setting up a gooldne Calfe for y® Israelites to worship cannot dehort my minde from y'" LaP owr Byrd did singe your affection to us so sweetly at hys returne from yow as it hath armed me to slight all opposition &, to signifie unto yow yt my desire is so aremouable to make y"" daughter myne & my sonn yowrs as aneys dishonest practises cannot alter owre honest thowghtes from so good a resolution takne I hope in a happey hower I beseitch you bee asureed of my Constansey ^ know y* y** Ladey Smithes vertues ha,ve more powre to bynde me then the The History of the Granville Family. 145 stormes of a whole winter have to remove me mutch lesse power have mid winter gnstes I am dowtefuU of trowbliug y" to longue & theirfore will ende with recommending my faithfall service to yow & my hartey Love to my prettey Cozen your daughter & I will ever bee Yowr faythefuU neuey Bar Grenvilb 31°"^ 1618 at Keligarth To my mutch honowred awnte y® Ladey Grace Smith at Maydeworthey nire Exon Sir George Smith was one of the leading mercliants and citizens of Exeter. He had great possessions at Filford, in the parish of Norherbury, Dorset, at West Knighton, Staffordshire, besides at Madford, Kingskerswell, Cadhay, Dolton, Harford, Whimple, Lympstone, Parkham, Dawlish, Iveden, and Exeter, in Devonshire. He was Sheriff of Exeter in 1583, and Mayor in 1586, 1597, and 1607, and Sheriff of Devon 1615. He had been knighted 2nd June, 1 604. By his first wife he had had a daughter, Elizabeth, married to Sir Thomas Monk, of Potheridge, a gentleman of noble birth, but poor means. Sir Thomas had succeeded to a heavily encumbered estate, and an increasing family had added to his difficulties and sorrows. His second son, George, afterwards the celebrated Duke of Albemarle, had been born December 8th, 1608, and gi-ew up a fearless high- spirited boy, and Sir George Smith had taken such a fancy to this grandson that he had undertaken to educate him, provided he might live half the year at Madford. Poor embarrassed Sir Thomas could only consent, and hence the Granvilles and young Monk were thrown together more intimately than might other- wise perhaps have been the case ; and this early connection throws no little light upon those subsequent events in connection with the Restoration of Charles II., in which both families took so prominent a part. The following year Grace Smith became the wife of Bevill Granville, and their marriage was a singularly happy one, as their affectionate letters fully prove. The following letter was probably written towards the end of the year 1619, and the postcript contains congratulations on the betrothal. The writer, it is supposed, was Thomas Drake, the eldest son of William Drake of Wisoomb, and a cousin of Bevill Granville's. The relationship between the Drakes and the Granvilles arose four generations previously, when John Drake,of Ash, married Amy, daughter of Sir Roger Granville. — THOMAS DRAKE TO BEVILL GRANVILLE. My worthyest Cousin. Condemne me not if the desire I had, to heare from you hath inforsed me to be the more earneste w*** you : ftbr indeed I have beene so jealous of thy health as I desire nothinge more then its continuance. And by what means should I more truly be ascerttiyned of it, then by your U 146 The History of the Granville Family. self ; who can best wittnesse it •/. Besides ; It much troubled me ; heretofore you havinge pleased to grace me, w*** the frequent enterchaunge of your letters, that of Late I soe seldome heard from you. It made me some-what suspitious your occasions had caused you to neglect y"^ ffreind. And blame me not (myne owne soale) If I have to sevei'ly taxed thee, whose love I prefeiT above all things livinge ; ffbr should I loose that comfort of y'' affections (whei'in I am only happy and in nothing els) It weare but the meanes to shorten my daj's w*^'' I desire only to enjoy ; to the end I may acknowledge my devoute thankefuUnesse in my services vnto jow. I write not this as if words weare a sufficiente harvest for your fFavours, but you shall fynde me, (when so ever you shall please to imploy me) most redy to serve you even to the hazard of my life. But lett it suffice (sweet S'') that yonr absence ffi'om London, debarr'd me of the happynesse I might have sustayned in yo'' letters. Your two last (my welcomeste guests) have redeeme your longe sylence •/. S'" you have highly pleasured me, in Bonightons businesse. It is biit a farther engadgment w'^'' should move me the more sincearly to observe you. I cannot better my affections your deserts do chalenge a perpetuall Love & service fifrom me, w*^'^ I heare presente you w'^ all and w*'' it my self, whom you shall ever freely coiTiannde, and who desires ever unfaynedly to serve you. Your Thom: Drake. S"^ the latter end of your letter acquaynts me w"^ your happy proceedinges in y'" greatest affaires. I cann but reioyce w'*^ you, & wish you may ffynde as mucl! worth in her, as y'' good choise hath approved buety I beseech you to remember my services to my M"^ and M'' Hunt. If God of his goodnesse enable me w^'' health I shall not be longe from you thein : I luust ffarther desire you to remember my affectioned ser\'ice to good M*' Moluui and Captavne Lower if he be w"' you — All Tho: Drake Thyne perpetually To my ever honored ffreind Bevill Grenvile Esq give these •/. In the first year or two of their married life the young couple seem to have lived at Tremeer in the parish of Lanteglos, two miles west from Fowey, and the following letter w^as probably written at this time by Bevill during some temporary . absence from his wife. — BEVILL GRANVILLE TO HIS WIFE. Dearest of all my misfortunes this is my greatest that now encountreth me to have you sicke & in my absence when I nether can be present to do you service my selfe, nor am in place to send for Phisicions that might do what were fitting, my broken lines expres the fracture that these tidings do make in my heart & sinews, yett they have not so farre deprived me, but I can resolve this, y' if you canot send me better news by this bearer (whom I have e'xpresly will'd to be w*^^ me before too morrow noone) then I will be w"" you by god's helpe before I sleepe, though I leave all the rest of the busines undon & for "od's sake make not the matter better than it is — yrs B Geen hast. Tuesday night Superscription) To my best frend M'* Grace Grenvile at Tremere Speed d.d. The History of the Granville Family. 147 At Tremeer their eldest son, Richard, was born the 19th of March 1620-1 and was baptized, as Bevill himself had been, on the 25th, the Feast of the Annunciation, by Nicholas Hatch, Vicar. Subsequently they resided at Stowe, which Sir Bernard probably gave up to them, while he himself resided either at Bideford or Kiligarth, and in a letter which he addresses Lo Stowe he gives Bevill directions about some live carp he was sending him from his ponds at Bideford with which to stock the fish ponds at Stowe, with instructions where to stop and give them fresh water on the journey. At Stowe " Bevill's principal care was to maintain his own credit and the dignity of his family, not by an ostentatious magnificence, but by a prudent management of his estate, a kind of paternal tenderness for his servants, and a most courteous and respectful behaviour to all the gentlemen around him. To these engaging qualities he added a strict attention to whatever regarded the public service, and by a number of experiments showed that it was both practicable and profitable to use coal instead of wood in melting of tin, and he likewise contrived several methods to hinder the wasting of the metal in the blast, which, having brought to perfection at his own private expense, he, from a principle of public spirit, communicated to his countrymen for their common advantage." But it was not in mechanical matters only that Bevill Granville interested himself, but also in politics ; and his political views, as already hinted at, appear to have been greatly moulded by him, whose apology for a boyisli escapade he had witnessed many years before, viz., Sir John Eliot, "the most illustrious confessor in the cause of liberty whom that time produced," as Hallam calls him. Eliot, who was three years older than Granville, was returned to Parliament for St. Germains six years before his friend found a seat for the county of Cornwall. The Parliament of 1614, to wliich Eliot belonged, lasted only four months; that of 162^), in which Granville first sat, was dissolved after it had sat seven niDnths ; and there is reason to believe that just as Eliot in the one was on the side of the opposition in refusing to grant supplies until certain grievances had been redressed, so in the other Grcinville was in the opposition, in entering upon the journals of the House a formal protestation to the eifect that " the liberties, franchises, privileges, and jurisdiction of Parliament are the ancient and undoubted birthright and inheritance of the subjects of England." It was on his return home after the adjournment, in June, 148 The History of the Granville Family. of the Parliament made memorable by the impeachment of Lord Bacon, that the following letter from his brother John was written. It is dated from Lincoln's Inn, where he was evidently studying law, like other young men of those times, not necessarily with auy view to practice as a barrister, but to obtain such a knowledge of the law ^s would be helpful to him as a magistrate. Nothing more is known of this John Granville, but he probably died before May 1626, as in one of his letters to his wife written in that month before the birth of his second son, Bcvill writes, " If God send us a boye I have a goode minde to have him caled John for my poor hrother Johns sake." JOHN GRANVILLE TO HIS BROTHER BEVILL. Deare brother M'' Bonde makingc me acquainted w*" his returne I could not but Ictt you undcrstande of Wells the Barbers honest delinge w*'' you : the matter is this, a fewe daycs before M'" Byrds departure he came unto him, and demands of him whether M'' Byrde had any directions by Doge from you to be payde of his moneye, M'' Byrd tolde him how he had none wheriipon he swore TOW had delte scornclye with him and sayde ere long you should heare of it and againe saide hce was basely abused by you, and since he was thus sei ucd hce would Ictt the towne luiowe of your dealings, and did you all the dishonor he could amongst the cheifest frends you had in London ney farther he sayde since you had God plighted him in this, he could forgettyou as well in greater matters : Deare brother I must needs confess I barkened to his talk with cxccedinge greate impatience, when he had ended I tolde him these speeches became him not, and what dealings there is between my brother & you I know not, if he haue (as you saye) iniured you, I make noe questione but he will shortly give you satissfactione ; but if you goe about to scandalize him w"' such atsersions as you say yo" will, I can assure you (I tolde him) you will purchase y'' Railinges dearly, presently he would awaye and gaue mee noe answere and if I had knowne that he could have done you noe displeasure in y^ business I vowe before (iod he should have had cause to speake those ■words, oi- if I might but inidcrstand ho we you take it he shall soon perceive his speeches cannot be soe soone forgotten. My lor: of Oxford is sente to the Tower for a peremptorye answere he gave the kinge upon a late examinatione before the cownccll, my Lor of Essex went latly to the Lowcuntries, and is scute for backe againe, as it is reported. The Kynge begins his progress this day, so entreatinge you to remember my best love to my sisters in hast I rcmayne Yo'" assur'd faithfull brother Jo: Grenvu.e •/ /_ Liucolns Lnie July the 18'-'' 1621 To the wor"' my dearest brother Bevill Grenvile Efq in Cornwall these As knight of the shire for Cornwall from 1621-1625, Bevill Granville would of course reside in London during the sitting of Parliament, where his wife seems occasionally to have The History of the Granville Family. 149 been with him, and there in all probability Elizabeth, their second child was born in 1621-2, but as a rule Mrs. Granville stayed behind at Stowe, and perhaps the following undated letter may be assigned to the earlier part of this period before the birth of their daughter. — BEVILL GRANVILLE TO HIS WIFE. My dearest, I am exceeding glad to heare from you, but doe de>siro you, not to be so passionat for my absence, I vowe you canot more desire, to liave me at home, then I do desire to be there, & assoone as I can dispatch my busines, I will instantly come away. I am yett so new in the towne, as I have beene able to do nothing. I hope you will not have child so soone as you feare. I will, as fast as I can, send downe those pi'ovisions. I have left no order w''^ any boddy, for the Moorestone windores but Pomeroy ; I would have him to gett them to be well wrought up, against my coming downe, & then I will take course for the fetching of them, you shall do well to send to y' mother for that money, assoone as you can, for feare you want, it if you have need of more you may entreat Nat: Gist, to lende you some of my rent before hand. I would have the masons, to goe on as fast as they can, about the stable, that if it be possible, the walls may be up & finished against my coming downe. I am afraid, as Allen is, that the Ploughs will not be reddy soone enough to bring- home the Timber, tpil him make what shift he can w** that at home, but be sure he cutt none elsewhere but out of that Plott I appointed, they may take all that is there but spare the rest, bid him be sure to putt in none, but strong & sufficient stuffe. have a care that the People want no provision & lett my co: Tremayne take up Oxen k sheepe enough, to serve all the yeare & make his Bargain so as I may pay for it after my coming home, which shall carefully be perform'd. I would have some of my co: Tho: Arundell of both sorts, ife allow for it in his Xpoas Paym', but the 1 00'' now at whitsontide 1 depend on, & he must not faile me of. I would have jVP Billing to take some course to returne it speedely to me, but if it so fall out that he canot so early, as he may be sure it will be w*'' me before whitsontide, then do you reserve it safe for me in y'' owne handes, because I will come away before whitsontide if I can. so god keepe you & y''^ you shall hear from me as often as I can, but I confesse I find it much more difficult to send to you now then when you were at Madford. faithfully Bevill Grenvile Make all the haste you can to thresh out your corne for feare it be spoild & observe how many bushells it is lett Chai-les the joyner make a board for the Pdrler assoone as you can, as plain &. cheape as possible he can make, only 2--or-3-deale boards joynd togather k, tressells to stand on, & so long as to reach from the bay windore to the little dofe, but not to hinder the going in & out. (Superscription) To my best Frend M''^ Grace Grenvile at Stowe these d d d. The following Indenture for the sale of lands that came to Mrs. Granville after the death of her father, Sir George Smith, is extant among the " Additional Charters " in the British Museum (7058):— 150 The History of the Granville Family. Clji's" KntiPntUrP Tripartite Made the second daye of Maya in the yeares of the Raigne of o'^ Souaigne Lorde James by the grace of God Kynge of England fFraunce and Ireland Defender of the faithe &c. the twentith and of Scotland the five and fiftith ^cttoeeue Bevill Grenvile Esquier sonne and heire apparent of Barnard Grenvile of Stowe in the County of Cornwall Knight and Grace the wif of the saide Beavile Grenvile of the first pt, John Arundell of Trerise in the saide County Esquier and John Prideaux of Trefoi'der in the saide Countie Esquier of the second pt, And John Code of Pelynt and George Giste of Kilkhampton in the foresaide Countie gen? of the third pt S@jitue00£th that the saide Bevi 1 Grenvile and Grace his wif for and in Consideracon of the som' of one hundred poundes of good Money to them in hand paide by the saide John Arrundell and John Prideaux Whereof the saide Bevill and Grace acknowledge themselues fully satisfyed and paide, and thereof doe by theise (i^ntf acquite and discharge the saide John Arrundell and John Prideaux there heires Executors and admin"^^ : And to the intent that the Mano''^ landes Tenem'^' and hereditam'^ hereafter in theise pntf Mency- oned shall and May be conveyed and estated vnto and vpon the saide John Arrundell and John Prideaux, whereby to make them pfect Tenant^ of the freehold thereof, that therevpon a good and pfect recouy or seuall recoSies thereof May be had against the saide John Arrundell and John Prideaux to such vses as are hereafter in these puts lymitted exp^ssed and declared, And for other good and reasonable causes and consideracons especially Moveinge doe bv theise (Jntf bargaine and sell give and graunt vnto the saide John Arrundell and John Prideaux and there heires. All that the Capitall Messuage or Mansion howse Barton and demeasne Landes called or knowen by the Name of Maydeworthy ais Madford w*^ thappu'tenancf scituat lyinge and beinge w*''in the pishe of Heavitree in the County of Devon, And all gardens landes Orchard^ Meadowes pastures and hereditam'^ to the saide Messuage or Tenem*- belonging or appertayninge or togeather w'^'^ the same vsed occupied or enioyed or as pt pcell or Member thereof being or comonly reputed or taken to be. And also all those the Mano''^ of TretheweH & Tregerean ais Tregere- anstean in the Countie of Cornwall w''' there and euy of there Rightf Members and appu'tenancf ; And also all those^Messuages, landes Tenem'^ Meadowes pastures Woodes vnderwoodes renttf reucons servicf and hereditam*^^ whatsoeu, scituat lyinge or being w"'in the Townes Boroughes pishes Hamlettf Villages or feildes of Trethewell Tregerean ais Tregereanstean Mawgan in Pider S'' Vrall ats S'' Ewall Ervyn S' Merryn Padstow ais Padistow, Litle Petrock Isye S' Breage, S* Dennys, Roche, Bodmyn Lansallos St Peran in the sand, Kenwen, S' Key, Trurow S* Kevern ais S'^ Keryon Mawgan in Meaneage, Gwendron Helston and Maderyne in the saide County of Cornwall or w*^^in any of them, w''^ at anie tyme were the landes Tenem''' hereditam*^ or Inheritance of S"" George Smyth Knight deceased father to the saide Grace w''' all and singuler there and euy of there rightf Members and appu'tenancf (Excep tinge only those Messuages"landes and Tenem'^ w^Hn the foresaide pishe of S'' Isye w* the saide S'' George Smith did purchase of one Richard TregoUes and Nicholas Tregolls or one of them) 'So haue aui ia hottlbc all and singuler the ©misses w**^ the appu'tenancf vnto the saide John Arrundell and John Prideaux and to there heires to the intent and purpose that a good and pfect recouy or recouies May be thereof had against them to the aboue named John Code and George Giste to such vses intentf and purposes as are in theise pntf hereafter lymitted exjjssed and declared J^ni the saide Bevill Grenvile and Grace his wif doe by theise pntf farther covenant conclude and agree to and w*^ the saide John Arrundell and John Prideaux and there heires. That they the saide Bevill Grenvile and Grace his wif shall and will before the laste daye of fifebruarie Next ensewing the date hereof leavye one or More fyne or fynes The History of the Granville Family. 151 proclamation, vnto the saide John Arrundell and John Prideaux and to the heires of them or one of them or vnto the survive"' of them and his heires of all and singuler the p'misses for the More pfect and assured setlynge of the freehold of the p'misses vpon the saide John Arundell and John Prideaux and there heires or the heires of one of them for th'intent and purpose afore saide vntill the saide recouy and recoSyes be had and pfected as aforesaide, ^nli it is further covenanted concluded & agreed by and betweene all and euy the pties to theise pntf , and the trew intent and Meaninge of them and eiiy of them and of theise pntf is that aswell the saide recouy and recouyes as also the saide fFyne and fFynes from and after the pfectinge of the saide recouies, And also all and euy other fyne and fynes recoSy and recouies conveiancf and assurancf to be hereafter leavyed passed suffered Made or executed of the |Jmisses any or pt thereof by or betweene the saide pties to theise pntf or any of them shalbe and shalbe taken expounded and adiudged to be to such vses intentf lymi- tacons and purposes as are in theise pntf lymitted expressed & declared, and to none other, That is to saie first to the vse and behoof of the saide Bevill Grenvile and Grace his wif for and during the term of their Naturall lives, and the lif of the longest liver of them, dispunishable and \v*''out Impeachm* of or for any Maner of Waste whatsoe3. And after to the vse of the eldest issue Male of the bodies of the saide Bevill and Grace betweene them begotten w'^'' shalbe living or in ventsr sa mere at the tyme of the deathe of such of them the saide Bevill and Grace as shall first happen to dye, and of the heires of the bodye of such eldest issue Male lawfully begotten or to be begotten. The remaynder of all and singuler the p'misses w"' the appu''tenancf to the vse of the second issue Male of the bodies of the saide Bevill and Grace w^^^ shalbe livinge or in venter sa mere at the tyme of the death of such of them the saide Bevill (fe Grace as shall first happen to dye and of the heires of the bodye of such seccnd issue Male lawfully begotten and to be begotten. The Remainder of all and singuler the p'misses w'** the appu'tenancf to the vse of the third issue Male of the bodies of the saide Bevill and Grace w"'^ shall be livinge or in venter sa mere at the tyme of the death of such of them the said Bevill and Grace as shall first happen to dye, and of the heires of the bodie of such third issue Male lawfully begotten and to be begotten, The remainder of all and singuler the p'misses w*'* the appu'tenancf to the vse of the fowerth Issue Male of the bodies of the saide Bevill and Grace w'=^ shalbe livinge or in venter sa mere at the tyme of the death of such of them the saide Bevill and Grace, "as shall first happen to dye and of the heires of the bodie of such fowerth issue Male lawfully begotten and to be begotten. The remainder of all and singuler the p'misses w*'' the appu''tenancf to the vse of the fifth issue Male of the the bodies of the saide Bevill and Grace w'='' shalbe lyvinge or in venter sa mei'e at the tyme of the death of such of them the saide Bevill and Grace as shall first happen to dye, and of the heires of the bodye of such fifth issue Male lawfully begotten and to be begotten. The Remainder of all and singuler the p'misses w'''^ the appu''tenancf to the vse of the issue and issues female of the bodies of the saide Bevill and Grace betweene them begotten w'^ shalbe livinge or in venter sa mere at the tyme of the death of such of them the saide Bevill and Grace as shall firste happen to dye, and of the heires of the bodye and bodyes of such issue and issues female lawfully begotten or to be begotten, The Remainder of all and singuler the p'misses w*'' the app"tenaucf to the vse of the saide Bevill Grenvile and Grace his wif and of the heres of there two bodies lawfully begotten and to be begotten The Remainder thereof to the vse of the right heires of the saide Bevill and Grace his wif for eu^more p-robiiici) alwaies Neu^theles and the trew intent and Meaninge of all and eu^ry the pties to theise pntf is. That it shall and May be lawfull to and for the saide Bevill Grenvile and Grace his wif at anie tyme or tymes during the 152 The History of the Granville Family. coverture betweene them by there deede or deedes Indented vnder bothe there handes and seales and after the death of any one of them then to and for y® survivor of them, at anie time or times during his or her Natural! lif by his or her deede or deedes Indented vnder his or her hand and seale to seft lett demise graunt or appointe any pt or ptf of the p'misses to any pson or psons, for term of one two or three Hves in possession or for anie Number of yeares in possession, determynable vpon the death of one two or three pson or psons, or for the term of two Lives or any Number of yeares determynable vpon two lives in reu'^con or remaynder of one lif or in reu^con or I'emaynder of any Number of yeares determynable vpon one lif or for term of one lif or for anie Number of yeares determynable vpon one lif in reu^con or remaynder of two lives, or of anie Number of yeares determynable vpon two lives or for term of one and twenty yeares in possession So as by and vpon eu^'y such lease and demise, deede and deedes there be reserved j^earely during the continuance of the saide terms and estites so Much or more yearely I'enttf and servicf as hath bene respectively reserved yearly, paiable for y" same for the Most pt of Twenty yeares Next before the Makeinge thereof. And the trew intent and Meaninge of theise pntf and of all and eu'^y the pties to the same is. That vpon all and eu'y suoh lease demise graunt or lymitacon to be had or Made of any the p'misses as aforesaide the saide ffyne and ffynes Recou'^y and Recou''ies and all and eu''y other Convej'ance and assurance aforesaide to be had and executed of the pmisses or anie pt thereof hy or betweene the saide pties to theise pntf or any of them for and Concerninge such pt and ptf of the pmisses as shalbe so leased demised or graunted as aforesaide shalbe and be taken expounded and adiudged to be and the Recognisees and Recou^ors and there heires and the Survivor of them and his heires and all and eu^y other pson and psons w"^'' shalbe seised of anie the p'misses so to be leased demised or graunted as aforesaide shall stand and be thereof seised to the vse of all and eu^ such pson and psons respectively to whome the same shalbe so seased demised or graunted as aforesaide for and during such estate and estates, and and in such Maul and form and w"' and according to such lymitacons Condicons Covenantf Reservacons and agreem*^ as shalbe contayned and specifyed in the saide Indenture and Indentures of demise and graunt to be Made as aforesaide respectively. And of the reu'^con and reu^'cons thereof w"' the rentf and servicf to be reserved as aforesaide for and during the continuance of the saide leases demises and grauntf And as the saide leases demises and grauntf shall seu'ally and respectively end or determyne, then of the saide Landes Tenem'^ and p'misses to be demised leased or graunted, to the vse of such pson & psons and in such Mani and sorte as the same is herein before lymitted expressed and declai-ed any thinge in theise presentf contayned to the Contrary thereof in any wise Not^'^'standinge £n luiltucs whereof the pties aforesaide to theise present Indentures Triptite have Interchangeably put there seales even the daye and yeare first aboue written. 1622. John Arundell John Prideaux Signed sealed & deliuered in the presence of those whose names are heervnder written of Trerise John Coode George Giste [^Endorsed] [Reginald Mohun] [J]o Grenvile Bar. Grenvile Raph Byrd Tho : [BurgerJ Reginold Billinge p Anthon' Pye [Jun] John Gealard Thomas Annesley George Cooke The History of the Granville Family. 153 Sealed and deliuered by the w"'in named John Arrundell & George Gist the 20"' day ot May 1622. in presence of Geo. Bere. Robert Wilson. 2'* May 20 Ja^ 1623 [sic] Grenvilie &2. Deed to make a Jen' [sj'c] to precipe for suffering Eecovery of Premi'^es in Devon. The followino; letter from Grace Granville to her husband is also extant, thf)ugh so much damaged by age as to be scarcely decipherable : — MRS. GRANVILLE TO HER HUSBAND. My ever dearest, — I received .... from yon yesterday by a foo .... glad you continue so res .... purpose to have me with .... ning my sister Harris. I w . . . . your directions y' it was never .... pose to part from my lady Elis .... if she will goe too, then of my .... accord. I shall be willing to see my .... sister Hen, but I thinke my mother will scarce like it, and therefore I am in the more doubt what were best to doe. If you have not already retayned S'^ Henry Yelverton, my mother doth now intreate you to forbeare to doe it until you heare more from her. My mother will'd me to remember her to you, and to tell you y' she is much against my going to London, and y* is very true, for you can not imagine how vehement she is against it. I doe every day wish y' coach were come, that I might sooner be av'*' you, and .... of hearing the perswasions that are us'd against it. Dick hath been very well ever since you went till .... he hath now gotten a colde, yet I assure you he hathe never .... his cloth with his neck with .... out to see the lambs, and the weather hath been very sharpe .... jocund and so bvisy as tis 2 or 3 peoples work to play with him, and Bessy grows a lusty girle and I thinkes eats more meate than I, for I have gotten a colde as well as Dick, and can neither taste nor smell with it, and before you went you know my hearing was somewhat defective, so you. may well imagine you have a very .... wife, but yet pray send for her, for if I were once with you I thinke to be sooner cured . . , . only by that then by taking any Phisicke, for had I not hoped to have come to you I had been dead by this time. So Dearest, farewell, and God give me life no longer than I am Yours in all constancy, March 13, 1623. Grace Grenvile." To my best E'rend Mr. Bevill Grenvile at y*^ signe of the Raynbow beteen y® two Temple Gates these w"^ speed. In the Parliament of 1623, Granville and his great friend Sir John Eliot both sat for the first time together, Granville being again elected for the County, and Eliot finding a seat for the now disfranchised Newport, a portion of the late Parliamentary Borough of Launceston. In this Parliament, Eliot was to the front, making the first speech of the session, in which he demanded a consideration of the liberties and privileges V 154 The History of the Granville Family. of the House, and of the way to maintain them in time to come ; and from what is known of the friendship which had all along existed between the two men, and of that which will be seen to have existed in later years between them, there is no room to doubt that Granville was in Eliot's company at such time as the opposition led the House to a division. When this Parliament was dissolved, as it was by the death of James the First in 1625, the relations between Eliot and Granville became even closer, for at the next election, while the former was re-elected for Newport, the latter was for the first time returned for Launceston, the two boroughs forming practically one and tlie same town. " The Members chosen " said Eliot in a letter written at this period, " forthwith repaired to London, to make their attendance at the time ; no man would be wanting ; love and ambition gave them wings ; he that was first seemed happiest ; zeal and afi"ection did so work, as even the circumstance of being first was thought an advantage in the duty." Parliament was opened on July 18th, and it was while in London that Bevill received the following letter, written by his wife from her old home at Madford. MRS. GRANVILLE TO HER HUSBAND. Dearest, as yet I have not y'^ later boxe of Glasses, the reason why they are not deliver'd yon may perceave by my Ire : written last Saturday by the Car : I heartily wish you home both for my own content and yt you might take y' part of a Syde of Red Deare that my Cosen Ed : Tremayn sent me this day ; if you be not guilty of S"^ Jo : Eliots sinne last yeare you may have a share, for I vowe to keep one Pye till y'^ coming, but if it offend y"^ nose, the faulte be y^. Y'' servant Will : Way is gone and is now servant to my cosen Dick Tremayne out of a desire to goe in this fleet, my mo : servants are so few k myne none, now he is gone I cannot send a message to Towne. Freeston is still very sick and keepes his bed altogether, I thinke you must not depend too much on him, his weaknes is such. My sicknes hath made me a poor Avoman in body and purse, and yet I have been a borrower since y"" going : my mo : comends her to you and the little crew are well and I am better then I have been. God keepe you Y" ever Gr. Grenvilb •/. Madford July 4 1625 To my best Frend M"^ Bevill Greuvile at y* Rainbow in in Fleet Street beteen two Temple Gates these ^ dd •/. The fleet alluded to in this letter was the great expedition by which Charles the First and Buckingham meant to revenge uhemselves upon the Spaniards for the ignomious failure of their escapade to Madrid. The fleet was choking Plymouth harbour The History of the Granville Family. 155 with disorder and confusion at the time Mrs. Granville wrote, and the supply of money for its equipment was one of the chief causes of contention in this Parliament. In conquence of the plague which was now raging in many parts of England, but especially in London, Parliament was adjourned on 11th July, and Bevill may have returned to Stowe unexpectedly. At any rate the following letter from his wife, written also from Madford, supports such an idea It bears no date beyond " Sunday evening." MRS. GRANVILLE TO HER HUSIUND. Dearest, I do very much long to be at home w*^'^ you, and am sorry that it was not my happ^" to have been home before you, but indeed it was not my desire y' kept me backe, but wante of health. I give you many thanks for care and sending to me, and if I had know'd how, you should have heard from me, but I was loath to send away Stanbury or Joseph, because I intended, as soone as my strength would give leave, to be at home. The Plaisters you sent me, I trust in God, hath done me much good. They came in a happie time, I hope, for I was then extraordinarily ill, and had they not come at the instant, I had been in ill case, but I heartily thanke God and you for them. My lady will bring me home, and to-morrow night we intend to be at Trebersy, and y® next day with you, if it please God. You may assure y'" selfe y' I am veiy ill if you see me not on Tuesday night, then I hope you will come to me. I am son'y Bessie mends no faster, I long to see you and our Boys. God keepe yox\ all well, and I am, whatever happens, y"^' imnioveably, Sunday evening. Gr. Grenvile. I pray charge Grace Winslade to fitt things as handsome as she can. M.y ladye desyres to come Effoi'd way, because she would call there with my cosen if she be there, and if your leasure serve I should be glad to meet yoii there." To my best Frend Mr. Bevill Grenvile at Stow — these dd.-/. The Parliament re-assembled at Oxford early in August, wdiither, however, the plague followed them, and the wife's fears for her husband's safety are tenderly expressed in the following letter. MRS. GRANVILLE TO HER HUSBAND. Dearest, I have receaved y"^ Ire by Dowrish am glad to heare you are well but I am in much feare & griefe to heare y' the plague is in Oxford, would God but grant you were home, till which my heart will never be quiett, 0 pray as you love y'' self, y'' children, r the future, and the reason of Comon benefit has as nuich, w'^'' for ought I see is w*''out excejition in y'' purpose, and thereon I should rest, w"'' is to make what I might safely keep w'^'out the help of a standing fortificacon. Yet remember that the cares were once made homes, and therefore lett not y disbu(r)sments be too much, but w*'' the publicke good preserue y'^' owne interests and faculties. You see what power yo" have to draw this weaknes from me. Let it make yo" confident in the rest that if further yo" conceaue any thinge necessary or expedient wherein I may assist yo", yo" have a full power and interest to command. J. E. Tower, 17 Sept., 1631. The History of the Granville Family. 181 The following is Bevill Granville's reply, thanking Eliot for his advice, informing him respecting his recent trial, and concluding with a reference to some stable troubles. 15EVILL GRANVILLE TO SIR JOHN ELIOT. I am iiifinitly boiind unto you for many noble favours, and not least for y"' last, wherin you have dealt so ingenuously with me concerning my late luidertaking at Lundey, w*^'" I confesse hath open'd mine eyes and given settlement to my resolutions, and I hope I shall walke av'^'^ y^' caution in this affaire, as you shall not have cause to repent y'' advice, wherin I will say no more till 1 may have the happinesse to see you. I thiiake I never gave you any accompt of the service you commanded me at Lanceston, since I receav'd that Ire., but I presume y'" servant hath given you notice of what pass'd, and of my readinesse to serve you, w"^'' I shall ever retaine. My neighbors I sent all foortli, w'^'' did not deceave y' trust, nor faile my expectation, and if I had been (or may be heerafter) of counsel) with y'' agents in the first nominations of y Jurers, I should have found enough in mine owne quarter to have made up y' niunber of such as for their honesties could not have been excepted at, and for my sake would not have been terrified or beaten from a good cause. And now S»' I shall conclude with the lamenting of my unfortuuatenesse in many things, but lately (to omit others) in the mortallity of my horses, which have divei'se of them runne madd and beaten themselves to death, no prevention being able to remedy it. xVmongst w''' y'' faire Mare made one, whose losse more grieves me then all the rest, but she hath left behinde her a brace of lovely stone Colts, w"^'' I hope will live to do your service, and thus S'", for want of better businesse, I make bolde to trouble yow with such poore relations, my poverty can but wish it could do you service, and that it doth unfeignedly, hwt instead of power, you shall be ever sure of the praiers of Y'' faithfull frend and servant. Stow, 9!^* 4" 1631. Bevill Grbnvile. Soon after tliis Sir John Eliot was placed under a closer restraint by warrant from the King, for a supposed abuse of liberty in admitting a free resort of visitants, and under that colour holding consultations with his friends. " My lodgings are removed," he writes to Hampden, 26th December, J 631, " and I am now where candle-light may be sulfered, but scarce fire. I hope you will think that this exchange of places makes not a change in mind. The same protection is still with me and and the same confidence, and these things can have end by Him that gives them being. None but my servants, hardly my sons, may have admittance to me. My friends, I must desire, for your own sakes, to forbear coming to the Tower. Under these circumstances it is not surprising to find that letters from his friends often failed to reach him. Granville, however, writing from " Bydeford," was more fortunate in his messenger. ]82 The History of the Granville Family. BEVILL GRANVILLE TO SIR JOHN ELIOT. I am now wary by whom I write, because I have heard that a little more straitnewse and restraint was lately layed on you, and therforc chose this worthy bearer, my especiall good frend and neighbour of Barnstable, Mr. Newton, one that is an Officer in the Admiralty', but one of the most Gentile and honest Gentlemen y* ever I laiew live in that Towne, and had not my assurance of the man been such as it is, I would have forborne to trouble you with my Ires. S>', I receav'd y" by M'' Periman, and that you may ever see you canott speake to me without effect, I gi'aunted y desires and all his for sake at full, though there were not a thing in the world that you could have more trj-ed my love in, for the man had in his former Sheriffwick express'd sucli a particular malice inito me, as I did suffer in the valew of neer 500'' by it. The particulars are too tedious to relate, but what I saj^ is true. I had therfore, to requite him, taken such course with my cosen Prideaux as he gave me his faith that Periman should never be his officer, and when Periman came unto him he gave him the repulse unlesse he could gett me to release him of his promise. All w"^'' upon the receipt of y'' Ire. I did, and to second it made a journey purposely to my kinsman to further his suit, which unlesse I had done I daresay he had failed, and yett I lett him knowe that it was not for his owne sake. He was desirous to give me any security y* I should receave no prejudice by him this yeare, beinge (as I must confesse) not yet altogether out of their danger, I aunswer'd him that I scorned to take any assurance from him but I had y word and theron would relye, and if that were not sufficient safety for me lett me suffer, and 1 would much more willinglj' doe it then be beholden to him. This was that passage. Since that time there have been rumors very rife in these parts of a Parliament. If it be so 1 wish you would lett me have some timely notice, that I may doe you service, w'^^'' I more desire than any earthly thing besides, and 1 presume I have some interest in the affections of the people, but though you thinke me not worth the sending to, yet I have taken such course as you sliall be sure the first knights -[A-Ace whensoever it happen, but I assure you you .shall not have y'' olde partner, whosoever be the other. -I cease to trouble you fartiier, but with my service to you and praiers for you I rest unfeignedly to serve you, Bydeford, .Ian. ."50, 1631. Bevili. Grenvii.e." " Tlie olde partiiei' " Berill here refers to was Corjtoi), who had fallen away from his great colleague, and whose defection had been a bitter source of regret to Kliot and Granville. Fdiot's answer to the above letter bears date the I7th February, and it is the last letter which he was allowed to address to his old Cornish neighbour. SIR JOHN ELIOT TO BEVILL GRANVILLE. " S'-, the restraint and watch vppon me barrs much of my entercourse w"' my frends ; wholie their presence is denied me, and letters are soe dangerous and susj^ected as it is litle that way we exchange, soe as if circumstance shall condemne me I must stand guiltie in their judgm*^ yett though w"' some difficultie I have receaved, and manic times when it was knockiuge at my dores, because their convoy could not enter they did retire againe, wherin I must comntiend the caution of your messenger, but at The IIist07'y of the Granville Family. 183 length it found a safe passage by my servants and made me happie in y'' favour, for w'^'' this comes as a retribution and acknowledgment. Y' concession to John Periraan adds much to the reckoninge of my dept, though the obligiition be the same; y'' interest in me formerlie was such as it had noe limitt but my ail, and I cannot give yo" more, w'^'' if I could this reason does deserve it, that ycu have lett down soe much of y selfe for him that is soe vnworthy, who must confesse the greatnes of that Courtesie, and I doe hope the other will strive to meritt it ; ffor those rumors w* you meet that are but artificiall or by chance it must be y'' wisedome not to creditt them. Manie such false hers are flyinge dailie in the ear. when there shalbe occasion expect that intelligence from frends, for w'^'' in the meane tyme yo" doe well to be provided, though I shall crave, when that dispute falls properlie and for reasons not deniable, a. change of y intention in perticuler as it concernes my selfe. In the rest T shall concurr av"' all readines to serve yo" and in all yo" shall command me who am nothing but is y*''. Represent my humble service to y'' Ladie and tell her that yett I doi;bt not one day to kisse her hands. Make much of my (jodsonne— men may become pretious in his tyme. To whom, w'* all j^' sweet others and y'' selfe I wish all happines, and felicitie, and rest. most faithful frind and brother." Tower, 17" fFeb., 1631. A little more than nine months later, during eight of which he was allowed no communication with the outer world, Eliot died of consumption. Bevill had made one more effort to write to him, endeavouring to induce him to make such concessions on the point of good behaviour as might open some way to release, but apparently his letter never reached him, as it was not found amongst Eliot's papers after his death. A copy of it is amongst the Coham MSS., but bears no date. IJEVILL GRANVILLE TO SIR JOHN ELIOT. " 0 my Deare S', such and so great is niy agony and distraction at the reports wh, flye abroad and strik mine earcs as I canot expressc it, nor \\ill tell what I would say, but sure I am it putts me out of my little witts and much beside myself : one while you are voiced for dead, another while sick, another while well, but all thats sertaine author : for ether being but comon fame, which I have ever found uncertain and lying. I dare not give creditt unto any part of it. I must confesse (that in the distemperature of my passions) I do feare the two first, for feare canot believe y'' last, and yet I must also confesse that the passion of feare hath seldom had power over me and never any for my sf^lfe, but this hath putt me beyond resolution, beyond constancy, and wholly from my selfe. For God's sake be so pittifull to a^c as to give me the certaint}' how you are and w"' speed too, or you caiiot imagin Avhat I shall give my selfe over mito, nor how I shall be abandoned. It is lately reported that y'' Phisitions say y*^ cuntry air would be a great jjreserver of you, and it hath long been reported y* yon may have y'' liberty, if you will but ask it, w'^'' if it be so, I humbly beseech you, (for y'' cnntries sake, y'' children's sake, y friends sake, w*^'' resjjects the excellency of y'' wisdom and courage hath chosen to prefer above y'self, as the constancy of y sufferings doth declare,) I say, I beseech you be not nice, but pursue y libertie if it may be had on honorable termes. I will not desire you to abandon a good cause, but if a little licnding niay prevent a breaking yeald a little unto it, it may render you the stronger 184 The History of the Granville Family. to serve y cuntry hereafter. I do \v*'' great Agony deliver these words while yi" life is caled in question, but I beseech you think on it. You shall not jjerish alone. Pray afford me instantly some comfort or make accompt that you shall not long find living. Y' faithfallest frend and servant, B You will perchance condemn m}- folly in but you caiiot do it w"'out acknowledging it rej^ents me not." Bevill Granville was aj)poiiited one of I'^liot's executors under liis will, and was bequeathed a gold ring of the value of forty shillings, bearing the motto " Amore et confidentia." The date of the followiiig letter can be ascertained from tlie reference in it to Mrs Dennis, of Orleigh, having recently buried her only son, at a time Avhen she was near her con- finement. The Burial Register of Bideford Church records that "Richard, sonne of Wm. Antony Dennis, Esqre., was buried the 4th November, 1631, aged two years and four months," whilst the Baptismal Register records a month later that " Grace, daughter of Mr. Dennis, of Orleigh. was baptized the 4th December, 1631. The letter is addressed — To my Co. Arandell." 1'his was probably John Arnndell, of Trerice. The and Aruudells frequently intermarried. The father of Granvilles John Arundell, Sir John Arundell, had been buried in Stratton Church, near Stowe, probably either from his connection with the Granvilles, or else perhaps on account of his family having resided at Ebbingford, (EfFord), near Bude Haven, hard by. Indeed one Raynulfe Arundell was lord of Albaminster and Stratton so early as the days of Henry HI. Bevill's correspond- ent was known as " John for the King " ; he afterwards valiantly held Pendennis Castle for the King. His mother was Gertrude Dennys, of Holcombe, who had niariied Lord Morley as her second husband : Richard Carew, the historian of Cbruwall, married his half-sister, Julian. BEYILT. CIlAxNYlLLE TO " ]\1Y CO. Alll'NDELL." S', As no man can love you better than I do, so none hath a greater sliare in any of your griefs than I have. You are, I know, in j'our owne ^visedom better able to speak tuito y^' selfe on suf^h an occasion then another can, and thoi'efore it would become me to be silent, but in my affection I cannot but say somwhat, because I hear you do a little too much panisli y' selfe av"' sorrowing. I nnist joyue w*'' you in acknow- ledging you have lost a noble and a loving mother, but w^'^all it nuist be confess'd Shee hath lived a fair time with yo\i and dyed full of age and honoi', so as you are bound (as a well resolved Clnistian) to be thank full unto God that He hath lent her unto you so long, and not to The History of the Granville Family. 185 repine at His good pleasure in taking her so soon ; besides (in the place and stead of her person) she hath left the memory of her vertues (whereof she hath been a great example in y'' family) to be ever fresh in y'' minde, as the knowlidge of it is also sweet and delightfiill to me and all such as love y'' house. Be therefore y"' self and not dejected, neither lett God bestow so much reason on you in vain. While wo live in this Avorld we must expect to be daily encountred w*'' such unwelcom accidents, and therfore we must rather howerly looke for them then wonder at them when they com. So I cease to trouble yon farther on this unpleasant subject, wherein I have been too bonld. I know you will pardon it because it proceeds out of my love, in the carefnllncsse wherof I could not but say somewhat to a friend whose Avelfare I wish so much. S'', I am blameworthy (but by my misfortune, not my will) in that I waited not on you at this solemnity, being the last duety I could pei'forme iito that hon''^'^ friend w'"'' is gon to God and a respect I owed unto yr selfe. Sure I am I never intended any more fully then to have waited on you this whole weeke, but in the unhappie instant that I was setting forth I was diverted another way by the like unpleasant news, which called me to comfort my sister, who had then lost her only sone, as hopefuU and preety a boy as ever I sawe, and shee herselfe, being- then great av*"^ child, did by her inconsiderat passion neerly adventure the losse of her selfe likewise, but when I had left her preetily settled, and was againe addressing my selfe towards you, I rec : a message from my father that he Avould be w"* me the middle of this weeke, wherin nevertheless he hath failed, by som occasions, but by another message he hath promised not to faile being w^"^ me the next weeke. If these just excuses canot free me from a censure in yi' judgment for so unwilling- an offence, then impose what you please on me and I shall willingly undergoe it, though I find it a great punishm* iinto me to be so long kept from seeing you and my worthy cosen y'" wife, w*'' my sweet young cosens w'''^ are lately returned unto you, and whose happy growth both in minde and body I am more than I can expresse joyed to heare of, sa kissing all y'' hands I rest Y'' true lo : and fa : scr : B. G. It is to the marriage of one of the " sweet young cosens" just mentioned that the next letter to Mrs. Arundell, of Trerice, a daughter of George Gary, of Glovelly, has reference. Goviley, the estate mentioned in the letter, belonged to the Arundells of Trerice. The proposed marriage to Mr. Trevanion took place in 1634, for among the Bishop of Exeter's Tran- scripts there is the record of the marriage of John Trevanion, Esquire, and Mrs. Ann Arundell, at Newlyn, 8th December, 1634, John Trevanion being the eldest son of Charles Trevanion, of Carhayes, and Ann Arundell, the daughter of John Arundell, of Trerice. The married life of this young couple was short. Col. John Trevanion being killed in the lifetime of his father, at the head of his regiment at the seige of Bristol, where Sir Nicholas Slanning also fell, the 16th July, 1643, It is of them 2 A 186 The History of the Granville Family. and of Bevill Granville, who had fallen at Lansdowne eleven ■days previously, that this oft quoted couplet was written : — " The four wheels of Charles' wahi, Grenvile, Godolphin, Trevanioii, Slaniiing, slain." MRS. GRANVILLE TO MRS. ARUNDELL. " My dearest, noblest Cosen, I do acknowledge the favor to be greate that you do both M"" Gren : and me in thinking ns worthy to impart such a secreat to us, but I doe w^i^all knowe that we are very unworthy to give advise to frends so every way more able and discerning then ourselves. It is by M' G's direction what I write now, as I confesse it was what I said last in my Irc., though we could not fully conceave y' meaninge then, yett we ghest it did point some thing towards such a businesse, and though we are not worthy to advize, yett our loves must ever be so free as to ad our opinion, when it concerns the weale of so dear frends. To be brefe therefore. We cannott thinke that the west of England can alfoorde you a better or more convenient motion then this of M"^ Tre : The family is noble, the estate greate, the young gent of good disposition, and that in my opinion is not least considerable, is the ncerelesse of his habitation, wherbye you shall still liave at hand the Comfoi't of so deserving a child as your worthy daughter. We can not thinke of any thing that is fitt to give impediment to so good a proposition. As for the slight objection of my co. Ar'^ being in debt and therefore cannott spare siich a portion, it is not worth the thinking of in tliis businesse, for we well know that if you will put y' minde to itt, you can, without hurt to y'' estate, raise greater sums then will defraye y' debts and payc portions likewise, and I must be playne in the love I beare y' house. I cannot butt say that being so well able I thinke itt a <:rime that you do neglect to itt. In the name of God lett the ma' of Goviley iissure the portion. You may free itt againc, if you putt but y' minde to it, and if you do yett itt is not ill bestowed upon so deserving a childe unlesse it be much more worth than we take itt to be, and we know y' estate can well beare itt. Itt may be we are too bould in delivering so free an opinion, but I •cauot doubt of pardon from so noble frends. We have no greater wisli nor desire then the honor and liappie subsistence of y'' noble house and ev'ry branche therof, and for the procuring of it, I am sure you shall never want the heartie prayers of M' Gren : and me, that am Y" truest lo : and faithfull Grace Grenvile. We desire our best services may be presented to my co Ar : y' self, and my sweet cosens." Here is another letter of congratulation upon a cousin's marriage. BEVILL GRANVILLE TO " MY CO. RI. PRIDEAUX AFTER HIS MAR :" My dear Sonne, Did I not much prefer my frend's content before mine owne, I should extremely bewaile my infelicitie in being made a greater stranger to you then in former times. It was y"' lov'd company made me love this country. It doth abundantly recomijence all the wants of my desire, while I see you travaile in the way of honor, proffitt, and content. Go on therfore, (deare frend), Pursue y'" hopes, and follow the able advices of y'' owne brain till a full measure of Hie History of the Granville Family. 187 happiness fi'om heaven and earth be showred down upon you, to Crowne noble Dierritts. Rest securely in the bosom of that excellent Consort of y" tliat Center of y' felicity and Rest, and let no storme ever awake you, but sucli sweet Calmes as may be still an invitation to the enlargement and increase of more and more happines. This hath been, is, and shall be the jjrayer of your ti'uest lover, which is a title I claim as my propr inheritance, but because coarse sallads may somtimes refresh a Stomack cloy'd with dainties, reflect a little upon our barren North, w'"' hath in former times pleas'd you, and wii you can be best spared then afford a little time to make these parts happie. I^et niy humble thanks and best service be presented to the noble La: Car: and y"" good la: with the like to No: S'' Thos. Har: and M'' Godol: whose many, many favours have render'd me his bondman, and I must confesse unto you I do scarse sleepe quietly, because so great an obligation lyes on me W'h I canot yet repay unto him. But I accompt y'' happines in nothing greater then the felicity of y'' situation, who can inhabit under a I'oofe with a Gent: of his noble parts and rare accomplishments, whereof I professe my self to he a great admirer, but I cease to trouble you and will ever rest Y"' faithfuU fr: and ser. Stow, Feb. 8, 1634. B. G." The following letter from Bevill's sister, Mrs. Dennis, to Mrs. Grranville shows that sickness had ao;ain visited Orleio^h, and nearly claimed another of her children. The illness w^as of an infectious character and the little sister of the invalid was meanwhile sent to Stowe to be taken care of. The child recovered, and was afterwards (21st June, 1664) married at Littleham to Nicholas Glynn, of Glynn, in the county of Cornwall. MRS. DENNIS TO MRS. GRANVILLE. Dearest Sister, I thanke God we are nowe all well againe, w'^'' makes me presume to write to you. I durst not ■when Gartye was sicke for fear of hirting you. I did miitch feare she would have dyed. But I prayse God she is now very well again, but most extreamly altered w"' it yett, but I am glad she is alive. M'' Dennis w"' my self do most infinitlye thanke my good brother and joxi for your love and great care of our poore girle ther w"' you. Y"" Lord reward it a thousand fold into your owne harts. I beseech you both she may stay a while longer w"' you, for I would not yett have her home for ye world. I am sure shee is mutch better w"' you then with me. sight of her sister's face now would frighte her, but I hope it will be mutch better in time. My prayers shall never cease for you all, and I beseech God to preserve my brother and you w"' all yours in perfect health and happyc prosperitye ; this w"" my best servise and respects to you both in hast I remayne Yours unfaignedly, Gartred Dennis. Sweet sister, be not afrayed of what I send to y"^ girle or any of yours, for I am very careful! that none here y*^ comes neere sicke persons if ever touches it. God knowes I ever pray for all your healths more then mine owne. To my Deerest and most Houuered Sister, M'* Grace Grenvill, theis dd." The Granvilles themselves at this time had five sons and three daughters ; they had buried two infants, a boy and a girl, 188 Tlie History of the Granville Family. in 1632. Richard, their eldest, was now fourteen years of age, and Elizabeth twelve and a half. Bevill Grenville fas Lord Lansdowne tells us) turned Stowe into a kind of academy for all the young men of family in the county. He provided the best masters for all kinds of education, and the children of his neighbours shared the advantage with his own. " Thus in a manner he became the father of his county, and not only engaged the affection of the present generation, but laid a foundation of friendship for posterity which has not worn out to this day." It is evident that he was fond of field-sports and that he kept a pack of hounds ; witness the following letters addressed to his first cousin, Edmund Tremayne, of Collacombe. BEVILL GRANVILLE TO EDMUND TREMAYNE. Dear Cosen, You did infinitely mistake nie if you did couceave that I would desire the abridgement of my Unckle's pleasures in any kind, neither could my words, I thinkc, bear any such construction, for I would perrish myselfe and wish all the other friends I have without the content w<='' they most desire, rather then any way diminish my good Unckle s delight. I did but desire one hound, if you could conveniently spare him, without hurting y'' sport, and would in no sort have him if it might bo any prejudice there vmto ; but my hope was yt jou had been better stored, because you have been breeding so long, and I am sorry you sent this, seeing y'' store is no greater. But being come Sir Robert's man liked him so well as I could not keepe the dogg from him, and the rather gave way unto it because it is a whelpe and not for the present use, and you have more of the same age coming on. I ho]De my Unckle is not displeased with my bouklnesse, for I would rather dye than give him any ■cause of distaste, so I bcseeche you lett him knowe from him that presents his best service to him, y sclfe, y'' wife, and will ever reste Y'' faithfuU frend and servant, Stow, Decern. 21, 1634. Bevill Grenvile. My noble cosen, I cannott thinke upon the death of your excellent Father but with an infinite sad heart, for as I lov'd and honor'd him and his virtues while he lived above all men, so I cafiott chose but be sensible what a masse of goodnesse is biiryed w"' him, and am resolved in my selfe that I shall never see such a man againe. But it is weak and womanish to complaine of that w'''' is remidilesse, and no lesse sinfuU to repine at the will of God. I am therfore silent, as it becomes those to be who are indued w''' reason. As for the attending of his noble corpse to its last mansion, no man living shoiild have been forwarder to have done duty to it then my selfe, if I had knowne the tyme, or found that you had thought it convenient to have made a publick businesse of it. But I guessed by y silence that you thought this way more convenient, and I allowe of y'' reasons, being my selfe very well satisfyed, if you be, but as well assured how ready I would have been to have served cither you or him. As for those trifles called Herriotts, they are things I cannott thinke of with such a frend as you are Doe w"^ me as you please. I expect nothing of you, nor ever will crave or chuse, but if there be any Tlie History of the Granville Family. 189 thing due upon the land which was S'' Geo : Smyths, it belongs not to me during my sister Smyths life, wheras you speake of some trust reposed in me. I hope I shall never deceave of you or any other friend that thinkes me worthy to be trusted ; but I canuott yet assigne a tyme when I shall be able to wayte on you, by reason of some important occasions that now lie on me, but hereof I will write unto you againe as soon as I can. I present my best service with my wifes to you and my good cosen. Y''^ and so I rest y faithfuU frend and servant Stow, Feb. 9. Bevill Grenvile. It may be you are not so affectionate to greate hounds as y"^ father was, w'''' if it be soe, you may doe me a greate kindnesse, if you spare me a couple of good ones, with very deep mouths. Edmund Tremayne was certainly not willing to spare any hounds. His want of generosity receives a somewhat sharp rebuke in the following letter. Certainly S'' I shall be ever even and quitt w"' you in my good wishes to you and y family, and to manifest that was the cause that I lately us'd my pen, because I desyred you should see how much more power you had w**^ me then I had founde my self to have w"' you. But to cleare some points w*^'' are disputable in y'' former 1''^ I am bould to trouble you once againe. You may remember I sent you two Y'^ to one effect, and if I had been worthy of an answear to the first I had not troubled you with a second aboute so poore a businesse as a dogg. When I had y'' answear I was satisfyed, though I must avowe it was much short of the power and interest w"^'' you should have founde y'' self to have had w"' me upon the like, or any other occasion ; and though my motion were for conditionall, yet my request did disc that I could not thinke so weakly of y" store as that it would utterly impoverishe y'' kennel, neither can you thinke, without doing me that I would abridge you of any of y'^ delights. But if you had pleas'd to use my service in the like or any other kiiide, I should more have endeavour'd myself e to have serv'd you then I did this gentleman, though he be my very noble and especiall frend. But, I thauke God, I found other frends that did not faile me, in whom I promis'd myselfe lesse interest then I did in you. And nothing but my too much confidence made me erre, wherunto I was the rather incouraged because I was conscious to my selfe you miglit have commanded me in a thousand tymes greater matter. And so S"', God keepe you with all y'^, and send you a plentifull increase of all the pleasures and content that y"' owne heart can wish and I shall rest Y"' affectionate Cosen and Servant, Stow, June 6, 163.5. Bevill Grenvile. Pray turne over leafe. S'' as for Herriotts 1 have receaved them, seeing it is yoiir pleasure to send them ; other wise I should not have troubled you with demanding them, much lesse w"' making choice. My affection to all y"^ family is many degrees above such poore considerations, and therfore I am sorry you mention such other petty conditions as the lease speaks of, and for mine owne parte I could willingly have remitted the whole, if you would have accepted it, for sure I never should have demanded any of you. Y"' other lease for years I am not 190 The History of the Granville Family. in case to biiv, but I thanke you for y kinde offer. I shall wish you a good chapman and no way hinder y"" markett, but if you please to lett me knowe when you goe aboutc the disposing of it, I will give notice to one or two that are willing to deale who I know will be as free offerers as . . . . all the service I can do you in this particular My service with my wife's be p'^sented to my honor'd Cosen, y"" wife." The following anecdote, recorded by Prince in his " Worthies of Devon " in his character of Dennis Rolle, Esquire, of Bicton, is equally to the honour of Granville and Rolle — " The famous Sir Bevill Grenvill, in his generous way of living, having some more than ordinary occasion at that time for a considerable sum of money to the value of several hundred pounds, took it up from Mr. Rolle on his own bond. But it hapjDcned shortly after, as they were both together in company, that Mr. Rolle sent for the Bond and cancelled it before Sir Bevills' face, saying that the bare word of so honourable a person was to him sufficient security for that and a greater sum, and withal threw the Bond into the fire. Sir Bevill, being thus greatly obliged by the noble favour of his friend, as soon as he returned home made a mortgage to the use of Mr. Rolle, unknown to him, of his manor of Bideford, and left it in some trusty hand that, if it should please God to take him ofit" by death e'er the debt was paid, Mr. Rolle might not lose his money." The said mortgage was for one thousand pounds and is still extant. It is dated August, 1635, evidently therefore prior to his mortgaging his estates for supplying re-inforcements for the Royal Cause. The next letter is interesting from its domestic character. BEVILL GRANVILLE TO HIS WIFE. My Deare, I have only putt abord the barke — 3 — tunns of white and clarrett, w*^'^ according to the direction, you will cause to be safely fetclid home and placed. I will furnish my selfe with Sack otherwise. I have also sent you — 3 — sides of roofe beef, w'^'' keepe by itselfe that I may know it from the rest'/. Pray cause Jo : Skin : to close all the meddowes safe, except Hoveham, but there the two wean'd Colts shall goe awhile. I do much desire, that you would not let the boyes loose time from their scooling, let me hear a Saturday night whither the Picture came home safe, and did scape the wett. I rest Y"' owne B: G: I have sent my hogshead of Vinegar also, but w* age it is somthing weaken'd lett one of y Vinegar barrells be sent notw^'^standing. One of the lesser sort because the horse may not he too much loaden. Postlett needs not goe w'^ so many plowghs as was appointed, for I have not sent by a Tun so much as I thought by i-eason of the Sack To my best Frend Mrs. Grace Grenvile at Stow dd-/. Byd:-Mar— 29— 1636. The History of the Granville Family. 191 The next letter is from Bevill to his father and must have been written within a day or so of the foregoing one to his wife. The date is ascertained by the reference in it to the new Lord Treasurer, Bishop Juxon, who was appointed the 6th of March, 1635-6, and to the separation of Lord Essex from his second wife, which also took place that month. In this letter mention is made of Sir James Bagg who has already been alluded to in reference to the forced loan, pp. 133-135. He had been appointed to succeed Sir John Eliot as Vice- Admiral of Devon, and from that time onward had gained for himself a prominent position in the West. Eliot and his party had had no more bitter opponent, and it is difficult to fathom the motives which brought together two men of such opposite motives and opinions as Bevill Granville and Bagg. The two son-in-laws of Sir James Bagg mentioned in the letter were Sir Nicholas Slanning, who had married his daughter Gertrude ; and Mr. (afterwards Sir) Henry Gary of Cockington, the husband of his daughter Amy. Sir James Bagg had married Grace, daughter of John Fortescue of Filleigh, Esq., about the year 1612. BEVILL GRANVILLE TO SIR BERNARD GRANVILLE. I hvimbly thanke you for y kinde Ire by M"" Ti-ott, av'''' came in my absence, so I sawe him not, but mett it after my returne. S', there necessity of my sending him to London that I did, it was not only a money businesse (though I sent a greate sum) but some other affaires that he was proper for, and acquainted w"' w'^'' I sent, otherwise I should not have been unwilling to have made use of M' Trott, whom I shall use in what I find him fitt, and have already some courtesie to for y' sake, and so shall still. I did not send Jo : Gel : up purposely about my busenes, but he, haveing some of his owne that carried him up, I sent a dispatch by him to my other servant that was there before. It is true I find him too much given to drinke and canot for my life reforme him, though I have endevor'd it, and it doth much displease me, and were it not for his wife's sake, whom I desire to do good unto, I should not indure it. But I must also say that though he be too faulty therein both to God and himself, yet I never found him false in what I have trusted him. I met at Exeter the news of the new lo : Tre : and of my lo : of Essex his parting w"" his lady ; but she deserv'd to be cast of if the report be true, and I am sorry for his unfortuuatenes in wedlock, for I honor the man. The Prince delamor is not a bar : but only a kt:, as t hear by some of his familiar frends. My journey to Ex : was to meet S' Jas : Bag : as he appointed me by his Ife, and there I found both his sonnes in Lawe and diverse others expecting him, but he came not, neither have I heard of him since. I pray for his happines, and with my service to M' and M'^ B : I crave y' blessing, resting y mo : ob : so : B. G." 192 IJie History of the Granville Family. Ten weeks later Sir Bernard was dead, attended to the last by his faithful friends, Mr. and Mrs. Byrd, whose names occur several times in these letters. (Cf. pp. 135 and 137). Undoubtedly, " the request of a dying father" referred to in the following letters, to retain the command of his regiment and his Deputy-lieutenancy, had no a little influence in winning Bevill over to that side, on which he afterwards laid down his life. It is not known for certain who the person is to whom the next letter is addressed, but it is supposed to be either Sir James Bagg or Mr. Richard Escott. It hath pleas'd God (to my greate griefe) to take my good father out of this world by a short and painfull sicknesse ; but God's mercie, to the comfort of all his f rends, did abundantly appeare towards him, for his Chiistian resolution, his pious expressions, and the wonderful continuauce of his excellent sence and memory even to perfection, in despite of all anguish and torment unto his last gaspe, do declare he was not meanely supplied with heavenly grace. I do confesse it was my earnest desire and zelous prayer that it would please God to have given us some longer time to have lived comfortablie togeather, but since it please th the Divine Wisdome otherwise to dispose of \is, I submitt unto it, and have learn'd long ago to applie myself w"' patience to the will of God. I expected no worldly goods from him and therein I am not deceav'd, for neither to my self nor any child he had hath he given the value of a penny, w'^'' (for myne owne p') I am rather glad for then sorry, that my love may appeare to him for his owne and not for any worldly sake, and my minde hath ever dispis'd all muddy and mercenarj' considerations ; but in the loving and kinde expressions he now at last made unto me, w"* the heartie bequeathing of his blessing and good wishes, I take more comfort then in all the wealth of the world. But leaving this subject (w'^'' I caiiot touch w"'out Dassion) I shall make bonld to trouble you w"' a word or two in another businesse. It pleas'd my father, when he found his disease and danger to grow uppon him, to send hastily for me, and I posted to him all night. He made many requests unto me concerning severall persons, w'^'' I granted all, and at last concerning my selfe he tould me he had one earnest request luito me, w°'* I durst not deny him. I answer'd him he should never speake to me in vaine, neither would I deny him any thing. He then tould me it was concerning his Regim' : and Depu : Lieu : that I would accept of it and execute it, w'^'' I had often before refus'd ; but he hoped that now I would not deny the request of a Dying father. He added for reason likewise, that seeing those places had ever been in the hands of my Ancestoi's ever since the first institution of them, and that the Reg' lyes about my habitation, and in the heart of my estate, it were unfitt for me to suffer a stranger to come in. I confesse I could not answear his reasons nor deny his request, and yet I remonstrated myne owne unfittnesse w"' my resolution not to intermeddle w"' the affairs of the comon- wealth, and the disproportion between my disposion and the course of the time^ but neverthelesse he persisted and I promised. In conformity wherunto I make bould to address my self unto you, beseeching you to acquaint my Noble and ancient frend, Mr. Oldisworth, that if I may be thought worthy to succeed lav father therein, I will thankefuUy accept it, but I will not write to him before hand, because, (though I Avill accept it, yet) I will not sue for it. . This is all I will trouble you w*'' at this time, but I will ever rest Y' fa : fr : and ser. If my Cap : Jo : Est : be in towne, pray send him away speedely." The History of the Granville Faraily. 193 The allusion in this letter to Bevill's " resolution not to intermeddle w'^'' the affairs of the comonwealth," points perhaps to the fact that, though still disapproving of much of the King's policy, he foresaw with true clear-sightedness the dangers that were besetting the State by the extreme measures, of his late party. He had determined, therefore, to remain neutral, and the acceptance of those offices, which tended to })reak that neutrality, was only undertaken at the urgent request of a dying father. That the change was believed, even during the heat of the time, to have been a conscientious one,, is certain from the fact that while Cory ton was denounced as a traitor to the popular cause, and while a main factor in the hatred felt for Strafford was that he turned his back upon the principles he in early days had professed, Bevill Granville was always mentioned with respect even by his enemies, and by his friends was looked upon with something akin to veneration. Dr. Gardiner, in his " History of the Great Civil War," vol. i. pp. 4-6, quotes two letters, which evince the same spirit of loyalty to the King, in spite of disapproval of his practices and principles, as existed in Sir Bevill. One is from Sir Edmund Verney, a pure minded and thoroughly religious man, whose dislike of the Laudian practices had led both him and his eldest son, Sir Ralph, to vote steadily as members of the House of Commons in opposition to Charles' wishes. Yet he could not endure to desert his master in his hour of peril, and he thus explains to Hyde the motives by which he had been influenced. " You," he said, " have satisfaction in your conscienca that you are in the right, that the King ought not to grant what is re- quired of him, but, for my part, I no not like the quarrel, and do heartily wish that the King would yield and consent to what they desire, so that my conscience is only concerned in honour and in gratitude to follow my master. I have eaten his bread and served him near thirty years, and will not do so base a thing as to foresake him, and choose rather to lose my life — ^which I am sure to do — to preserve and defend those things which are against my conscience to preserve and defend ; for I will deal freely with you. I have no reverence for bishops, for whom this quarrel subsists." Sir Ralph Verney, his son, however, would not join the King's party, and his younger brother, Edmund, wrote thus to him. " Brother, what I feared is proved too true, which is your being against the King. Give me leave to tell you in mine opinion 'tis most unhandsomely done, and it grieves my heart to think that my father already, and I, who so 2 B 194 The History of the Granville Family. dearly love and esteem you, should be bound in consequence — ^because in duty to our King — to be your enemy. Irhear it is a great grief to my father. I beseech you consider that Majesty is sacred. God saith, " Touch not mine anointed." It troubled David that he cut but oft' the lap of Saul's garment. 1 believe ye will all say ye intend not to hurt the King, but can any of ye warrant any one shot to say it shall not endanger his vevy person. I am so nnich troubled to think of your being of the side you are, that I can write no more ; only I shall pray for peace with all my heart ; but if God grant not that, yet that he will be pleased to turn your heart, that you may so express your duty to your King that your father may still have cause to rejoice in you." (Verney MSS.) We ill these clays, unhappily, have but little idea of the sacredness with which the King's person and throne were in those days regarded, and it must be remembered that Bevill sprang from a family full of gallant services to their sovereigns. Within less than a century one Sir Richard Granville had succumbed in Launceston Castle to hardships inflicted by rebels he could not subdue ; and the great Sir Richard had ended his life "as a true soldier ought to do, fighting for his Country, Queen, Religion, and Honour "; whilst Sir Bernard, though not filling such a glorious page in the history of loyalty, had nevertheless shown his devotion to King Charles by taking part with him in the Cornish troubles, in the matter of the forced loan, at the very time when his more illustrious son was using his utmost endeavour, together with Eliot and Coryton, to rouse the country against it. The following letter to Sir William Wray has also reference, it will be seen, to his fathers' funeral. BEVILL GRANVILLE TO SIR WILLIAM WRAY. " Noble S^ It was my very greate griefe that I was prevented of y'' loved company at the sad Exequies of my deare fathei', but my hope was, when I fetch 'd away his corps, that I should have been able to have kept it diverse daies, and so have had time enough to have sent to you ; but I found after my cofiiing to Stow that the negligence of the Embalmer had been so great, as I could not delay the interment a jott, but was forced to dispatch the funerall the next morning w'"' greate haste and much inconveniaiice, and therfore I hope you will pardon me for that w""'' I could not prevent, and no man in the world should have been gladder of y' company then myselfe, neither is there any place where you can have better welcom then to my house, wherof I hope you do not doubt. I wish I might be so happie as to enjoy y'' company at my musters, and so w"" the presentm' of my best service to you and y' noble lady I rest Y faith : kin : and ser." The following two letters relate to a visit of Mr. Oldisworth^ to the West of England. ^ Mr. Oldisworth was Secretary to the Earl of Fembroke, the Lord Chamberlain. A previous letter is given on page 166. Tlie History of the Granville Family. 195 BEVILL GRANVILLE TO MR. OLDISWORTH. " Most Deare and noble S"', From how greate a joye I am fallen in being prevented of a liappines that I thought so near and certaine, I cafiot expresse. I did sollace my self w"' the hope of reviving our ancient Frendship, which those distances and mists that have been between us (I fear'd) might a little obscure. I do pretend beyond my neighbours nnto y' Frendship, and favour antiquity and (with that) as much faith and Zeale as can be in the heart of man. Yet I only must be depriv'd of you, and I do not wonder to be imhappie, for all mine age hath been nothing else but a sceane of misfortune. I am conscious, to myself of many unworthinesses, that may discourage you from honoring me, or the poor place that I am buried in, w"' y presence ; and besides, I dare not use an invitation, while I am sui'e y"^ paines and penance must be great, and the recompence can be nothing but the exei'cise of y"' owne virtue in trying y"^ pacience. I would faine hope well of y' conditional promise for Munday, and do exceedingly grieve at y'' indisposition of health, but if I caiiot be so happie as to see you under my poor roofe, I will strive to finde you somewhere else as soon as I can, and had now done it instead of these hastie lines but for the Civill respect that I owe unto some frends w"^'' are now w"" me, who came to kisse y' hands, as I do also, who will ever remayne faith : lo : and h'"ble Ser', P. G." BEVILL GRANVILLE TO MR. CORITON. I never thought to have had so just a cause of exception to you in my life as now I have, considering the affectionat pasages w'''' have been between us. I can pretend as good a Title to the frendship of my no : fr : M' Oldis : as any man in these parts, if antiquity of acquaintance, mutuall entercourse of frendly expressions, and faithfuU performances w"'out interrup- tion for many years, be Pleas of any Valine ; yet you engrosse his most lov'd Company so wholy as you will not give me a Share, and therat I caiiot but complaine. The last time that he was in these parts I subscribed unto y'' greater merritt, and w"'out repining I gave way to y' enjoying him first, but I hop'd you would not so wholy exclude me from my most coveted happinesse at. this his second coming. I have no suite or ends upon him, but only a Zealous desire to observe the lawes of frendship and to acquit myself of those things w'^'' in honor do lye upon me, and therfore I caiiot ckuse but (in the liberty of a frend) tell you I take it a little unkindly, yet will rest V faithful kins : and ser : B. G," On April 20th, 1637, Bevill is found with John Trefusis reporting to the Council that they had endeavoured to settle a niunicipal dispute at Bodmin, but in vain. (Domestic State Papers, 1637-38, p. 9.) The first part of the next letter (belonging to the Coham MSS.) is much torn. It refers to some dispute about a lease. BEVILL GRANVILLE TO MR. EDMONDS. ■ woman is so foolish and unreasonable in her I will have no dealing with her at any hand. It is not nor 196 The History of the Granville Family. suitable \v"' my disposition to think other peoples means, neither sho\ild I have in any way made an offer for this land had she not intreated me to bny it, therby to prevent the danger that shee was in, but seeing she luiderstands no better, lett her take what follows. I will pursue my first purpose and see what the lawe will allow me, notw"'standing the good advice w""'' she sales she hath taken. I will not do her nor anybody wrong, but it is lawfull, I hope, to do my selfe right according to condition of the lease. Yovi have offer'd her a high and full value, all things considerered, and more than 1 would have given unlesse it had been for y' sake ; but since she hath not the witt to consider of it, she shall never have the like offer of me again, so lett lier stand to her hazard. I have done w"' that busines till she hears from me in another kinde. S"", it is true what I wrote concerning Eyre, and Waler was moved owi of view of their dissembled feares, but did not write anything on his own knowledge of their estate, nor doth know the people so well as I do. The others were all the kindred of Eyre, and made up to serve his turne. Howsoever, you have not done amisse like it only my sorrow is for that yovi should anything, and for the other field I will do you what service I can in it. You shall not be a loser by it. I present my best respects and will ever rest Yours unfeignedly, B. G." This next letter from " y"" assured B. G. to my much honor'd freind, Bevill Greenvile, Esq'V' is also among the Coham MSS. I was willing to have dd these Ires to you w"' mine owne hand, and that made me detaine them so long, but seeing you canot conveniently com for them, I have sent them to you just as I rec : them, having opened none but my owne w"^ I send you likewise, the contents whereof doth not over much please me. If there be any Irs in y^ packett for me I would gladly have them, for I wonder I can lec : no answear from M' Imperiall, but I shall forbear to say much till I speak w"" you, w'^'' I desire may be as soon as you can, but I Avould not have you to neglect y' wife by any meanes, so I rest Y' assured, B. G." The following letter, addressed by Bevill Granville to the wife of the Chancellor of the Diocese, shows that he was not unmindful of the spiritual needs of his friends and neighbours. The Vicar of Fowey referred to in it ceased to sign the register about the time this complaint was made against him ; we may therefore conclude that he was deprived of his living in consequenee of Bevill's letter. BEVILL GRANVILLE TO THE WIFE OF THE CHANCELLOR OF THE DIOCESE. " Good Madam, Coming to the Towne of Fowy about a little business of myne owne, I find the inhabitants therof, (some of w"'' are worthy gent and my good frends,) addressing themselves to exhibitt a generall complaint unto y' Noble husband, the worthie ^M"^ Chancelor, against a verrie worthlesse Vicar, that The History of the Granville Family. 197 they are now and have long been much Plagued vv"\ I have in former times lived near that plaee, wherby I had occasion and opportunity to take good notice of the man and his covirse of life. I do not know it to be all true that they charge him w"", and yet he is a person so void of Edifiable parts as, for ought I can perceave, I think him utterly unable to contribute helpe unto, or any way fux-ther, the work of salvation, but is wholy possessed w"" the spiritts of obstinacy and ignorance, unable in himselfe to do his duty, in w"^'' respect the towne, out of a pious disposition, doth but desire leave from M" Chancellor to have a lecturer at their owne charge. They desire not to do their owne minister any wrong, nor will tal Mr. Shar : to assist y*" studies, as it must be infinitly y"^ fault if I fai'e of my expectations. I have already cause to object some things unto you, but it shall yet be w*'' mildness it troubles me not a little that I find you have so sodainly cast of all care of con- tinuing the fairnes of writing, truly those Irs w'' I have rec : from you, are in a worse hand then you wi'ote seven years agoe, so as I perceave all the labour & expence I have bestow'd on you since is lost, what hopes can I have of satisfaction from you in other matters, so easy to be perform'd by you, but I will avoid all bitternes & not close w*"^ despaire in any thing, besides you write in greater haste then becomes you to a parent, these things are easily reformed, & I am not Angry, it is no difficult thing for you to allott some few spare mimxtes in the exersise of y"" hand, & not to loose all the pains w<"^ have been bestow'd therein already, I do not recommend this to you as an essentiall part of y'' study, this is enough & too much in so small a matter w'='' though I canot but for many reasons recomend unto, yet I mean subordinatly w*'' greater respect to the other more imposing affaires, y"" stile & Phrase I do not dislike, but do allow to be passable for y'' age & experience, but I wish you to plie y'" self w**^ care to the Attayning as good a forme of uttering y' minde as you can. it will be of singuler use and ornament, & nothing will conduce more to the affecting of such a thing than the proposing to y'' selfe someone person for a Pattern to imitate who is of choise elloquence, & truly you canot follow a better precedent then y'' worthy Pr" : I wish you. would contract y^' sentences into a little shorter forme, methinks the short D 2 210 The History of the Gy^anville Family. sentences (if they express the full seuce) are ever the most ellegant, but ■w*'^ this caution, that in labouring to be short you do not fall into obscurity, nor yet for want of words to faile of expressing the sence the meane is excellent & rare, wherunto few have attayn'd. I will hold you no longer now, present my service to y'' Pri^' y'' Tutor & Mr. Sher : & so I beseech God to blesse you & indue you w**^ wisdome. & I shall ever be y'' ver : lo : fa : Shun drinking houses k drunken companions as poyson, if you do not you are utterly lost in my opinion for ever, & be carefuU to keep w"'in the com- passe of y^" exhibition, for more you canot have. Between the last letter and tlie next Dick had evidently received a visit from his father, who was greatly vexed to find that he was not giving himself to his studies as assiduously as he had exhorted him to. Dick. I do believe you have bestowed y'' time better since I parted from you then heretofore, & I rejoice at it, yett am I not satisfied at full, for I per- ceave by y"^ Tutor that you do not betake y''selfe chiefly to the same studies w'^'^ I specially wish, & w* I know would be most profitable for you, it is true some benefitt you may reape out of all Authors, but not out of all alike, & the university is specially appointed, for the teaching of those harder k more difficult Artes w'^'^ are not to be had elswhere, but pleasing and famillier knowledges they are to be had everywhei'e so as if you imploie not y'' time while yoii are there in Attajaiing the more Accademicall Artes, you will have no advantage at all over those w"'' never went farther then their owne home. I therefore (wholy intending y'' own pper good,) do earnestly desire, that for my satisfaction you awhile suspend the frequenting of Human Authors, k seriously fixe upon Log : Phil : till yovi have attayn'd some per- fection therin, you will then finde how infinite easily all other knowlidges will come on, k be a recreation to you. my meaning is you should bestow y"^ time more on Arist : & men of that ranke, then on Virg : Hom : or any Histo : as yet, w-'' tho they are excellent, yet are they not proper for y^' present time, k if you ouce fixe upon the sweetnesse of them, you will abandon all the harsher studies w''^ would be most pfitable for you. but I pray satisfie me heerin a little, k you shall have time enough to satisfie y''self abundantly heerafter w"" any Authors you please, when you shall well please me in doing whatever you like if you \\ill but satisfiy me for a few months, tis no great matter that I crave, but of infinite consequence, & y'' selfe will find reason in it quicklie. I am very serious in this point, k shall take it very ill if you do it not. I do moreover know that you have an infinite advantage by the helpes you may have of M"^ Shar : k whose collections, conferences, & experiences, may supplie you w*'' y' in an instant w" '^ you canot otherwise by y' own labour in many yeares attaine, & I know him ready to do it, but in nothing have you offended me more, then in that you have not made more use of him in that kinde, I wish you would reforme this, for I have w*** griefe observ'd it, & you know it was as strict a charge as any w'='' I gave you. promise a carefull observance of my dii-ections, I expect to find it in these perticulers w*-'^ I have now touch'd, I will not longer hould you from y'' studies, think not lightly of what I say, but use your endeavour while I pray God to blesse you in it, & I will be — v'' ev : lo : fa : B. The History of the Granville Family. 211 I wish you would not altogeather leave of y'' freudly comerse w"* my co r Pri : & I should be glad if you did take a little more paines in y'' Irs. you do- rather decline in y'' stile then amend, wheras I would have it you amend still, besides in those verses w'^'' you sent to y'' sist : tho they have som passable young conceipt in them, yec som words are wanting here & there w'=*' makes the sence imperfect & verse false, it is only for want of care, for if you had advizedly read them you would have found it y'' selfe. You are I pceave in nothing more defective then in this even in the very termes k notions of Lo : neither may you think them below you till you have the perfection of them, you thinke them Niceties & fetters & suppose it sufficient to have things in grpsse, w'''' will bring you to confusion if you do not speedely reforme that opinion, proceed methodically herein, etc. In the next letter we find Mrs. Granville urging Dick to obey his father's directions, and to give him the satisfaction he demanded. MRS. GRANVILLE TO HER SON RICHARD. Dick, It seems by y'' last that you hope to give y'' father better content heerafter then you have for the time past w'^^'^ will comfort us & proffitt you many waies, & my dayly praiers are and shall be for y'' g iod proceedings, if you serve God as you ought, & follow y"^ fathers precepts ; you cahot do amisse. you may perceave how zealous & carefuU he is for you in all pcrticulers, & therfore it will behoove you to answear it with an observant duty & obedience. I am not willing to doubt it, it would so mvich distract me, but I live in hope you will be a man of y*" word. It is impossible you can any way deceave y"^ father, though at such a distance, but that you will in short space be discover'd therefore I hope y'" discretion- will advise you to walk circumspectly ■/. you need not make it a request to be advertiz'd if I know y"" father at any time displeas'd with you, I shall do it of my owne accord. I have not time to say more now, but I beseech God to give you his grace & so I hastily rest Y"^ intirely affectionate mother Grace Grenvile •/. Stow Feb— 10— 1638 I receav'd tlie books k doe thanke you for them •/• To my loving Sonne Richard Grenvile at Glocester Hall in Oxford these dd ■/. The following letter is from Bevill to his mother-in-law, Lady Smyth, to acquaint her with lier daughter's illness, and to ask her to come to Stowe. The prunelloes which Mrs. Granville fancied were a species of dried plum imported from France. The child referred to in the letter was born the 24th of June, and christened by the name of Mary, but she died the following year. BEVILL GRANVILLE TO LADY SMYTH. Good Madam, My wife hath many times been my Secretary, I am novf hers. She hath stay'd the messenger some dales thinking to write her selfe, but some fitts of 212 The History of the Granville Family. sicknesse have, (to my great griefe) hinder'd her. Wherfore she entreats me to certifie \aP both of it and that you shall not faile of Horses on Saturday. Her sicknesse is a greate paine ofrspleene, w'''' is accompanied w*'' greate vomiting so as scarce any meate will stay w*'' her & makes her very faint, but I hope there is no danger of the childe, and I trust she will overcome it also quickly. We both thought good to acquaint you w*'' it and do thinke y"" company would do her much good. My wife saies also that you need not to remove any thing, if you so please, but may consider therof at leasure. Shee ■desires if there be any Prunelloes that you would get her som and send them by the first messenger, and I will entreate you that one of y'^ servants may bespeake some Lamprey Pyes for me against I send, and so w*"^ the pi-esentm* of both our humble dueties to you I rest Y"^ obedient sonne Bevill Grenvile. Stow— May 13—1638. Superscription To my Hou'^'« : good Lady & Mother the lady Smyth of Mail ford present these. Early in the spring of 1638-9, a summons was received by all who held lands of the Crown to furnish the King with men at arms and join the royal standard at York, Unwisely attempting to force upon the Scotch Presbyterians the liturgy of the English Church, Charles found himself opposed in the most determined manner, and both sides resolved on war, A declaration was c irculated containing the King's reasons for this expedition, in which he set forth the insolent treatment he had received from the Covenanters, and his own readiness to heal the disorders of the State. Looked upon almost in the light of a religious war, the English gentry in general showed great alacrity in joining, and many contributed the greater part of their fortunes for the King's service. Sir Eichard Granville, on hearing of the troubles in Scotland, and ascertaining that the decrees made by the Court of Star Chamber were repealed, and the persons grieved absolved from those penalties, returned from his seven years' exile abroad, to lay his life and fortune at the King's feet ; whom he joined " at the head of a troop composed of the principal gentlemen of Cornwall and Devon, every one with an equipage suitable to his quality," and Bevill Granville likewise raised a troop of horse and hastened to join the King on his northern march, taking with him young Dick from Oxford, It has generally been supposed that the following sweet and gallant letter, addressed to Sir John Trelawny, the first baronet of that name —evidently in reply to a communication urging LADY GKACE GRANVILLE. WIFE OF SIR BEVILL GRANVILLE. From an Original Portrait, by Vaiulyck, in the Wellesboiirne Collection, The History of the Granville Bamily. 213 Bevill not to embark in some perilous enterprise — was written at the opening of the great Civil War in 1642, but some of the expressions lead to the conclusion that it is to this Scotc'i expedition that it refers. For example, " my journey it is fixt." For fully eight months after the Civil War had broken out, the operations of the Royalists in Devon and Cornwall never took Bevill Granville more than fifty miles from Stowe This could scarcely be called a "journey." Again, the expression, " If they be not prevented and mastered near their own homes they will be troublesome guests in y'^ and in the remotest places ere long," implies that the homes of the enemy were at some distance rather than at the door of the writer, and so com- mingled that half the neighbours were friends and half foes, as was the case in the Great Rebellion. BEVILL GRANVILLE TO SIR JOHN TRELAWNY. Mo : hon : S''-/. I have in many kinds had trial of your uoblenes, but in none more then in this singular expression of y"^ Idnde care & love. I give you also & y"^ excell : Lady humble thanks for y'' respect unto my poor Woman, who hath been long a faithful and much obliged Servant of y'" Ladies but S'' for my journey it is fixt. I caiiot contain myself w*'^in my doors when the Ks of En^° Standard waves in the field upon so just occasion, the cause being such as must make all those that dye in it little inferiour to Martyrs. And for myne owne p' I desire to acquire an honest name or an hon^^® grave. I never loved my life or ease so much as to shunn such an occasion w* if I should I were unworthy of the profession I have held, or to succede those Ances : of mine, who have so many of them in several ages saci-ificed their lives for their Country. S'' the barborous & implacable Enemy (notw^'^standing his Ma*'"^ gracious proceeding w"" them) do continue their insolencies & rebellion in the highest degree & are united in a body of greate strength, so as you must expect if they be not prevented &, mastered neer their own homes they will be troublesome guests in y*"^ & in the remotest pts ere long. I am not without the consideration (as you lovingly advize) of my wife and family, & as for her I must acknowlidge She hath ever drawne so evenly in her Yoke with me, as She hath never prest before or hung b'' & hind'* me, nor ever oppos'd or resisted my will, & yet truly I have not in this or any thing else endevor'd to walke in the way of power with her, but of reason, & though her love will submitt to either yet truly my respect will not suffer me to urge her w''^ power imless I can convince by reason. So much for that, whereof I am willing to be accomptable unto so good a frend. I have no suite unto you in mine own behalf, but for y'^ pi-ayers & good wishes, & that if I live to come home again you would please to continue me in the number of y' servants I shall give a true relation unto my very nob : f r : M'' Mo : of y'' & his Aunts loving respects to him w'''* he hath great reason to be thankful for. So I beseech God to send you & y"^ no : family all health and happines, and while I live I am S7 y"" unfay : lo : & fa : Ser : B.G. 214 TJie History of the Granville Family. Though histoiy has shewn it to have been a bloodless campaign, an expectation to meet a well-drilled Scotch army of 22,000 men must have made it appear a formidable enterprise, and Bevill, fully realizing the possibility of his falling in the coming war, before his departure made every preparation for the settlement of his worldly affairs, signing his will the 10th April, 1639. The following is a copy : — In the name of God — Amen. The tenth day of Aprill, in the fFifteenth yeare of the raign of our Soveraigne Lord Charles, by the grace of God, King of England, Scotland, ffrance, and Ii'eland, Defender of the faith, etc. T, Bevill Grenvile of Stowe, in the comitie of Cornwall, Esquire, being in good health of body and of sound and perfect mynde and memory, (for which I heartilie thank Almightie God), Doe make and ordaine this my last Will and Testament in writinge. And ffirst I commend my soule into the hands of Almightie God, my Maker and Redeemer, in full assurance that all my sinnes are washed away by the precious blood of Jesus Christ my Saviour, Who is the Lambe of God that taketh away the sinnes of the world, and that at the last day I shall be presented to him without spot, and received into his kingdom of Glory e, there to live evermore. My body I comend to the earth from whence it came, to be decently interred. And wheras I have by Deed indented bearing date the nynth day of Aprill, in the ffifteenth yeare of the raigne of our Soveraigne Lord, King Charles, conveyed and assured the Burrough and Mannor of Bideford, in the Countye of Devon, with the Rights, members, and app'ten'ces therof, and the right of patronage of the Parishe Churche of Bydeford. And the Burrough and Mannor of Kilkhampton, in the Countie of Cornwall, with the Rights, members, and app'tenn'ces therof, and the right of patronage of the Parishe Churche of Kilkhampton, and the capitall messuage, Bartons, and Demesnes of Stowe and Dinsmouth, w"' the app'tenn'ces, in Kilkhampton aforesaide. And the mannor, capitall messuage, Barton, and demesnes of Wolfston ; and the Mannors of Wyd mouth and Woodford, in the saide coiuitie of Cornwall, w'"^ members and app'tenn'ces therof. And the mannor, capitall messuage. Barton, and Demesnes of Northleigh, in the Parishes of Kilkhampton and Moorwinstowe, with the i-ights, members, and app'ten'ces therof. And all those messuages, land, tenements, and hereditaments in the Parishes of Kilkhampton, Moorwinstowe, and Stratton, in the saide countie of Cornwall, which I pui'chased of Nicholas Smyth, Esquire, deceased, and were sometime parcel of the Mannor of Michell Morton, in the said countie of Cornwall. And the advowson or patronage of the Rectory and Parish Church of S* Mary Weeke, in Cornwall aforesaid. Unto my loving friends, John Arundell of Trerice, Esquire ; John Acland of Colum, Esquire ; Arthur Basselt of Heanton Punchardon, Esquire ; Antony Denys of Orleigh, Esquire ; Richard Prideaux of Thuckborough, Esquire ; and William Morrice of Churston, Esquire, to have to them and their heirs and to the use of them and their heirs for ever. Nevertheless, to the intent and pui-pose, and upon condition that they -and the surviv''^ and the surviv"" of them and his and theire heirs should devise, lease, graunt, convey, assure, or otherwise dispose of the same and such and soe many of them, and such pai-tes and parcells of them or any of them in such manner and for such uses, intents and purposes, as I by my last Will and TJie History of the Granville Family. 215 Testament in writing should lymitt, appointe, and declare, as by the same deed whereunto for more certentie therein I referre myselfe. And foreasmuch as Grace my wife hath alwaise been a most loving and virtuous wife unto me, her deserts farr exceedinge any re-quital w'^'' my fortune can afford, I do lymitt, appoint and declare that my saide wife shall and may during her life quietly have and enjoy such and soe much of the said manners, messuages, land, tenements, and hereditaments before mentioned, as are by any Deede or assurance lymited to her for her jointure, and that my saide ffeoffees John Arundell, John Acland, Arthur Bassett, Antony Denys, Richard Prideaux, and William Morrice, Esquires, and the survivors and survivor of them and his and their heires, shall upon request after my death sufficiently assure unto the saide Grace, my beloved wife, all those messuages, mylles, lands, tenements, and hereditam*^, called or known by the name of Stowe saide, and the rever con therof. And also all those severall grounds and parcel! s of land called or known by the severall names of Cleve and Colworthy, all which I have late annexed to my Barton and demesnes, to be therewith all used and enjoyed. To have to her the said Grace for and during the term of her naturall life in augmentation of her jointure, and as a remembrance of my love to her ; and my desire to my saide ffeoffees is that my saide wife may not be troubled or molested in the quiet enjoyment of her saide jointure and lands aforesaide, but may be by them ayded and assisted as much as they may. And I do hereby further declare, lymitte, and aiDpointe, and my will and meaning is that my said ffeoffees, John Arundell, John Acland, etc., etc , and the survivors and survivor of them and their and his heires out of the Rentes issues, and profitts of my saide Mannors, Messuages, lands, tenements, and hereditaments, or by demyseinge or leaseing all or any parte or partes thereof in possession, rever'con, remainder, or expectancye, att theire willes and pleasures, and by such some or somes of money as shall be raysed and had by the graunting and selling of the inheritance in Fee simple of any parte or partes therof shall satistye, pay, and discharge all the just and true debts and somes of money I doe owe or am indebted to any p'son or p'sons for myne owne proper debt. And alsoe the annuityes and yearelye somes, legacys, guifts, por'cons, some or somes of money given, lymitted, or appointed to any person by this my last Will and Testament. And for the particular accidents w"^'" may happen to my saide Mannors, lands, and premisses in the values thereof, I do therefore lymitt, appointe, and declare, and my will and meaninge is that my said ffeoffees and the survivors and survivor of them, their, and his heires shall and may from tyme to tyme, and att all tymes demise and lease, or graunt, convey, and sell the inheritance of the saide mannors, messuages, lands, and pr'msses, or such Dr soe much of them, or any of theni, and such partes and tenements, parcels of them, for such uses, intents, and purposes as are in this my Will and Testament lymited, appointed, or declared, and the performance and execu'con of the trust in them reposed, as they and the surviv™ and surviv"^ cf them, their, and his heires shall in their wisdom think fitt and convenient for the same. And I do lymitt and appointe. and my will is that during the tyme of payment of my saide debts and Legacies, and untill the same be fully paide and discharged, that my saide ffeoffees, and the surviv"''^ and surviv'^ of them, their, and his heires shall pay and satisfye unto my son and heir apparent, Richard Grenvile, one aminity or yearlye rent of one hundred poimds yearely, to be issueing and going out of such of the pm'isses as my said ffeoffees and the surviv''^ and svirviv"^ of them their heires shall lymitt and appointe to be yearely payable at the ffeasts of S* John Baptist, S*^ Michaell Th' Archangle, The Birth of our Lord God, and the Annunciation our blessed Lady, S* ^Mary the Virgin, by equall por'cons. 216 The History of the Granville Family. And I do herebye give and appointe the saide annuitye unto my saide Sonne Richard, to be received in manner aforesaide. Item. I do give, lymitt, and appoint to each of my younger sonnes (viz*^, John Grenvile, Barnard Grenvile, George Grenvile, and Denys Gi-envile), one annuitye or yearely some of tvventie pounds yearely apiece, to be paide to each of them at the ifower ffeasts aforesaide, untill each of them respectivelye shall attaine to his severall age of seaventeene yeares, and as each of them shall attaine to his severall age of seaventeene yeares, then the payment of their saide annuitye of Twentie pounds yearely of him so attaining to his age of seaventeene yeares to cease and detirmine, And I do further lymitt, appointe, and declare, and my will is that Avithin some short time after each of my saide younger sonnes shall severally attaine to his saide age of seaventeene yeares, that one annuitye and yearely rent of ffiftie pounds be graunted and assured to each of my saide younger sonnes, John, Barnard, George, and Denys respectively, to be issueing out of some parte of the manners, messuages, lands, and premises, to bee paide yearely at the ffeasts aforesaid, and to continue to each of them during his naturall life, respectively with clauses of distresses, the same to be done in such manner as counsel learned in the lawe shall reasonablye devise, by the appoyntment of my saide ffeoffees and the surviv"^^ or surviv"^ of them, their, and his heires. Then I doe give, lymitt, appoynte, and declare to my eldest daughter, Elizabeth Grenvile, the some of one thousand and five hundred pounds of lawful money of England por'con. And to each of my other daughters, viz : Bridget Grenvile, Joane Grenvile, and Mary Grenvile, the some of one thousand pounds of lawfull money of England apice to be raised out of the rents, issues, and profitts of the said mannors, messuages, lands, and premisses, or by demiseing and leaseing, or by sale of the inhei'itance of some parte thereof, as my said ffeoffees shall think fitt and convenient, the saide sev'rall por'cons to be paide unto my saide daughters respectively as they shall accomplishe their severall ages of twentie yeares, or sooner if conveniently the same may be raised. And untill their saide severall por'cons shall be fully paide unto them, I doe give, lymitt, and appoynte to each of them the some of fforty marks yearely to be paide to them respectively for their maintenance and lyvelyhood out of the rents, issues, and proffitts of the saide mannors, messuages, lands, tenem*''', and hereditam*^ aforesaide. Provided allwaies and I do hereby lymitt, appointe, and declare that if Grace my saide wife and Richard my sonne, or such other of my saide sonnes as shall be my right heire at the tyme, or one of them shall with" one yeare next after the death of Dame Grace Smyth, widdow, by sufficient assui'ance in law, convey, etc., all the mannors, messuages, lands, tenem*^, and here- ditam*^ with the app'tenances, in the saide Countie of Cornwall, wh : the saide Dame Smyth now holdeth and enjoyeth, by conveyance and assurance from Sir George Smyth, Kt., deceased, her late husband, and also the Mansion Howse and lands all used and enjoyed, called or known by the name of Maydworth, situate and being in the Parish of Heavitree, in the Countie of Devon, unto my saide ffeoffees, John Arundell, John Acland, etc., etc., and to the surviv"^* and surviv"" of them, their, and his heires, and such other other person or persons as shall be in that behalfe appointed to be sold or disposed of by them or any of them for and towards the paym* of my debts and legacies aforesaide, and performance of the trust and uses in this my last will men'coned, that then the saide ffeoffees shall and may at the same tyme, well and sufficiently as counsell in the lawe shall reasonable advise, convey, and assure unto my saide sonne, Richard Grenvile, and h's Tlie History of the Granville Family. 217 heires, or unto such other of my sonnes as shall be my heire If my saide Sonne Richard bee dead and to his heires such and so much of the saide manners, messuages, lands, teneni*^, and hereditam*^, to them by me issued as aforesaide, as shall amount to the full and cleere yearely value of the saide mantf^, messuages, lands, tenements, and hereditaments of the saide Dame Smyth as both parties shall And I doe hereby further and declare that with" some convenient tyme after my saide debts and legacies before men'coned bee satisfyed and paide as aforesaide, that they, my saide ffeoffees, shall by good assurances in the lawe att the charge of my heire, convey and assure unto my saide sonne, Richard Grenvile, or his heires, or unto such of my sonnes as shall be my heire, all such and soe many of the saide mannors, messauges, hereditaments, and premises by me conveyed and assured as aforesaide as shall then remaine unsold and not disposed of, charged nevertheless \v* the sev'all annuities to my saide younger sonnes during the continuance thereof respectively. And I doe will, give, and appoynte that all my Plate, Linen, and other utensils of howshold and howshold stufFe, and the furniture of my house at Stowe aforesaide, be remaine and continue in my saide howse, and come to my Sonne and heire which shall be owner of my saide howse. Nevertheless I doe will and appoynte that Grace, my beloved wife, shall have the use and occupa'con thereof during her life. And her, the saide Grace, my wife, I doe herebye make and ordaynee to be and sole executrix of this my last Will and Testament. And I doe my saide fFeoffees to pay such debts and somes and money for which I have mortgaged any of my mannors, lands, or prem'^"', or any part thereof, and redeem the saide mortgage, if they shall think it fitt In witness whereof I, the saide Bevill Grenvile, to this my last Will and Testament have hereunto sett my hand and scale, given the day and yeare first above written Anno Dmi. Bevill Grenvile. Sealed and oublished in the presence of Robert Gary, Thomas Priest, Richard Pomeroy, And : Cory, William Maisters, F. Cottle, and T. Venynge. The ro}'al army assembled at York on the 1st of April, and from thence Bevill wrote to liis niucli honor'd kinsman, "William Morice, Esq.," giving him "an account of such collections as he could gather there," but that letter has been unfortunately lost. He then moved on with part of the army to Newcastle, and the following letter to Mr. Morice was in the possession of Hugh Gregor, Esq. , and is published in the Thurloe State Papers, 1742 (vol. i, pp. 2-3) : — BEVILL GRANVILLE TO WILLIAM MORICE ESQ. My dear and noble friend, I DO with a sad heart salute you from hence, because I have neer heard of your sicknes. I hope the heavens have not design'd such a punish- ment for this age, (otherwise sufficiently visited) as to add your sickness to the former evills ; and though for my private cause I have enough to complain, yet the publick interest is such in you, as you must be look'd after with a general care. But of this theame I have not time to be copious. My chiefest 218 The History oj the Granville Family. worke is to power out my orisons for your health, my next is to assure you, that in all fortunes, and however God may dispose of me, I will live and dye your faithful frend and servant. 1 have made a collection of the truest newes that is heer stirring among us, and have sent you a copy of it, which tho' it be not very note-worthy, yet because it carries the badge of trueth with it, and may contradict the false rumors that run about the country, I present it to you, and for expedition (in the copie) I am forc'd to use the helpe of another hand. God keepe you, your worthy mother, wife and family ; and for my part I goe with joy and comfort to venture a life in as good a cause, and with as good company, as ever Englishman did ; and I do take God to witnes, if I were to chuse a death, it should be no other but this. But I cannot be larger at this time. Expect to heare from me againe after some memorable action, if I survive it, who am Newcastle, May 15, Your most affectionate kinsman 1639. and faithful servant, Bevill Geekvile. To my much honor'd kinsman William Mo- rice Esq at Cherston present these. My laste shooke hands with you at Yorke, and gave you an account of such collections as I could gather there ; in which course I shall proceede rather to correct the various and uncertaine reports, which you dayly meete in the countrey, then to give you any notable newes from hence, where hitherto nothing more than ordinary is to be observed. The nynth daye after my arrival at Yorke, the kinge removed with the regiment of his house hold in two dayes to Duroam, the rest of the troope to Newcastle in Northum- berland, being twelve myles farther, and the weeke followinge his majestic removed thither also, where we are all yet ; the town full with as many as it can hold, the rest billetted in the country about. I cannot yet give you a certain list of the army, for besides the regiments already here divers others are sent for, and no doubt but there will be need of them, for our army is not yet very stronge, not such as will become the majestic of soe great a monarch to march with into a country, where he is sure to meete blowes. It hath byn thought impossible that the Scottes could be so impious as to lift their hands against him ; but it is now taken for granted, that nothinge but force can reduce them to obedience, for they are guilty of this aggravation to their offences : the Kinge sent a proclamation lately into Scotland to pardon all offences past, if they would yet submitt ; but they have slighted it, and not a man comes in, but rather are confirmed in their insolence by his gra- tiousnes, and continually some fall off from the kinge to them, as of late some great ones near his Person. The marques of Hamilton was sent with a good fleete of the King's shippes and some five thousant land souldiers to lye about the coast of Scotland, and being lately desirous to refresh some of his sicke men on the shore, he was forbidden by them, and had the cannon threatened to him, if he did attempt to land ; soe he must endure the sea till we meete. Our army is governed by two several and distinct policys, having divers generals without being subject each to other. My lord of Arundel is generalissimo, and comandes the greater part of the army. But the King's houshold with all his servants both in ordinary and extraordinary are of a body apart, and designed for the guard of the Kinges person, which are all under my lord chamberlaines command, who is our absolute generall without subjection to any but his majesty himself, and we consist of divers troopes of horse, but the most glorious in the world, whether we consider the quality of the persons, or the bravery of armes, apparell, horses, and furniture. There is The History of the Granville Family. 219 a regiment of foote also appointed for the guard of the King's person, in which Sir Nicholas Slanning hath a company, and is sergeant major of the regiment. The marques of Huntley, who was reported at Yorke to be absolutely revolted, is said not to be so nowe ; but though he gave way to some things, yet he opposed them in others, and is imprisoned by the covenanters. Thus you see we have incertain reports here as well as you in the country. We are not certain of our abode heere in this place ; but as soon as thinges can be ready, we shall march to Barwick, where we are threatened with bad entertainment in a very barren countrey ; and the last newes is that Lesley is marching with a goodly army to welcome us upon the frontiers as soon as we shall appear there, and that they have three armyes in areadiness consisting of threescore thousand men in all. Thus you see I am forced to pick upp petty matters for want of better newes, which, when it happens, you shall have your share of. Bevill Grenvile. From Newcastle the of May 1639. Mrs. Granville's anxiety for the safety of her husband and son must have been greatly increased by hearing that they had both fallen sick after their arrival in the North, Dick's illness being " foolishly gotten." To add to her anxiety, the following letter discloses sad money worries and the threat of a writ. Perhaps the Mrs. Herewyn, at whose instance the Writ had been issued, is the " woman " who had been " so foolish and unreasonable " in her demands, and who is referred to in a former letter of Bevill's, see page 195. MRS. GRANVILLE TO HER HUSBAND. 0 my Dearest I have receavd y''^ dated the -15- of May from Newcastle, bringing me the glad tidings of y'' recovery before I heard of y'' sicknes, w*'*' I praise GOD for & shall long to heare the same of Dick, whose sicknes being so foolishly gotten, I feare may prove dangerous, & must confesse till I heare againe shall remayne in much doubt. I am both sorry & ashamed he should err sa much to his own prejudice, having had so many warnings, but I shall &, doe beseech GOD to restore him & blesse him w*** judgment & grace to serve GOD truly & obey your precepts. I must beseech you though at this distance, that you will pardon ordinary errors in him, hoping that by degrees they will be reform'd though not so instantly as our desires are. I am glad to find you have receavd one Packett from me & I hope before this can come to you that -3- severall Packetts more have found you out, the one bearing date the -9- of May & another the -15- of sent by the Post, k another since of the -18- of May by M"" Pollarde, in both w* I acquainted you as occasion then requir'd. I thanke you for accepting my care, w''' shall not be wanting to the uttmost of my poore abillity & however the successe be of my cares, sure I am my intentions are right. Since I wrote last, M'^Prickman was heer, who shewd me a writt & tolde me it was to be deliverrd the Sheri'iff to extend bothy"" lands & goods for M''^ Here- wyns money, w"'' he saies is -500'- that is behinde, of the statute ; I entreated him to consider how impossible any thing was to be done, to give them satisfaction now in y' absence, desiring they would forbeare any extremity of 220 The History of the Granville Family. lawe, and I well knew you would performe justly on y"^ side, wherupon he promisd me, that there should be nothing done in it, for the present, or by him att all in y'' absence, and that he would iise his best endevour to pacifie M"^^ Herwyn & her Agents, though he pretends they are already jealous of him on y"^ behalfe k that now his forbearance would make them much to differ in a verie unkinde way ; he sales he caiiott undertake for M"^^ Herw: ; though he will doe his best, and he knows it will be but for some short space that she will forbeare and then may imploy some stranger tht will beare no respect unto you. he heares, that you have putt away some part of Straton Man*"" : . . . . [B G]renvile. Bodmyn Octob. 12. 164i. [Addressed] To my best Frend the Lady Grace Grenvile. The Simon Cottell referred to in the above letter was after- wards Treasurer to the army in Cornwall, 1644, cf. R. Symonds' Diary of the Royal Army, p. 77.^ A copy of a letter from Sir Richard Granville (30 March, 1645) to " Captayne Symon Cottell " is preserved amongst the Mount Edgcumbe MSS. Sir Bevill's threat that those who came not to his help should " smart " was probably fulfilled. In a contemporary letter printed in the Retrospective Bevietv, xii. 189, we read, "Sir Bevill Grenville hath been a tyrant, especially to his tenants, threatening to thrust them out of house and home, if they will not assist him and his confederates." As the above letter is dated from Bodmin, it would seem that Sir Bevill was left in charge of Cornwall when Sir Ralph Hopton, following up his success at Launceston, moved towards Saltash, which was held by Colonel William Ruthven, a Scotch soldier of fortune, and about 200 Scots, who had put in from stress of weather when on their way from Ireland to France for the service of the French King. On the approach of the Royalists the Scots " as kindly quitted Saltash as the others had Launceston before." The Parliamentarians were thus entirely driven out of Corn- wall, and as the Cornish-trained bands refused to cross the Tamar (a determination which afterwards proved the ruin of the King's cause in the West), they were disbanded " till a new provocation from the enemy should put fresh vigour into that ^ He belonged to Morwenstow, 246 The History of the Granville Family. county." The deep indentations of the western coast especially- hindered the growth of common patriotism, and as in Wales and Lancashire, so too in Cornwall, the inhabitants were not united in feeling, as were the inhabitants of Kent and Sussex with those of Suffolk or Northamptonshire. " Cornishmen," said they, " summoned by the Sheriff were bound to keep the peace of Cornwall ; they were not bound to leave the county to interfere in what was, in that secluded district, considered to be almost a foreign country." Having dismissed the trained bands with a good grace, Sir Ealph Hopton called upon Sir Bevill and others to raise a small force for permanent service by voluntary enlistment This they at once did, and soon an entirely volunteer force, numbering nearly 1500 foot, was in the field, ready to follow their leaders wherever they chose to lead them. In order to supply money for his troops Sir Bevill mortgaged his estates and even sold his plate and other valuables for the King's cause, and his example was followed by several others of his neighbours, e.g.. Sir Nicholas Slanning of Marystow ; Mr. Arundell of Trerice and Mr. Trevanion of Carhayes Early in November the Royalists passed into Devonshire with the purpose either of marching to join the King's army, then lying about Reading, or of forming a junction with such Devonshire Royalists as could be got together, and making a dash upon Exeter. If we may credit a tract printed in December, 1642, the former project was the one more in favour with the loyal but truculent Cornishmen, " They cry all is their owne, swearing and daming, blaspheming and cursing that they will up to the King in spite of opposition ; and for the city of London they intend there for to keepe their Christmas, and make the citizens wayte upon their trenchers, but for the Roundheads, as they so terme them, they will send them pell- mell to their father the devil," (A true Relation of the present estate of Cornwall. King's pamphlet, BM. small 4*° vol. Ixxxv.) Exeter, however, proved to be the first object of attack. On the 18th of November the Royalists approached the city " flinging up their caps," so runs a Parliamentary account, " and giving many shouts of joy that they were arrived so neare the Centre of their ungracious wishes but they reckoned without their host." Propositions were sent in to the Mayor and Aldermen, " requesting them in friendly sort, in his Majesty's name, to render possession of their city to Sir Ralph Hopton." The Mayor, in reply, " desired Sir Ralph that he w^ould with his cavaliers depart from before their walls, other- The History of the Granville Family. 247 wise they should quickly receive such a greeting from thence as should be smally to their contents." Entrenchments were then made by the Cornish on the west side of the city, and an artillery fire was opened upon it, which the citizens briskly answered from the ramparts. These details have been taken from a rare contemporary tract, entitled, " True and joy full Newes from Exeter. Shewing how Sir Ralph Hopton, Sir Bevill Greenvill with divers of the Cornish Malignants made their approaches thither with five thousand Horse and Foot, intending to plunder that great and rich City ; and how they were manfully repulst by the Valour of the Citizens with the lofse of fifteen hundred of their men on Munday last being the one and twentieth of November. London Nov. 25th." Notwithstanding its voluminous title, from which all experience teaches a moderate expectation of what is to follow, this tract gives a really spirited description of a night-sally led by the Mayor himself from the east gate of the city upon the rear of the beseigers' works. The citizens surprised the drunken sentinels, and got into the centre of the enemies quarters like ' hungry lyons ' bearing down their prey with halberts, poleaxes, and butts of their muskets. Putch engineers threw hand-grenades among them. Many of the Cornishmen were drowned in the river. Sir Ealph and Sir Bevill, with their ofl&cers, stood together opposing to their uttermost until day- light appeared, when the townsmen issuing from the city on all sides, completed the business, and the army of the besiegers was routed and temporarily dispersed. Shortly afterwards however, they occupied Tavistock and proceeded to threaten Plymouth {cf. perfect Diurnal E 242. 35) and by the middle of December were able to hold the open country up to the very walls of Exeter. According to journals favourable to the Par- liament (Special Passages, pp. 142— 1 44) the Cornish Cavaliers, " like brethren in iniquity," were sufi"ered to do as they like, plundering the residences of their enemies. They were also reported to be in much distress, " having so lamentably plun- dered the country that it is unable any longer to sustain them " { cf Diurnall, Occurances Truly Relating the Most Remarkable Passages which have hapned in both Houses of Parliament, and other parts of this Kingdome and elsewhere, for the week from Nov. 28 to Dec. 5, 1642, p. 40.) It was also rumoured that " Sir Ralph Hopton is either deader dangerously sicke, and that Sir Bevill Greenvill and the rest of the Malignants in Cornwall are determined to break up their army, being no 248 The History of the Granville Family. longer able to continue them together for want of money and provisions." ■ These rumours, however, were false ; but when the Royalists heard, in the last days of December, of the approach of the Earl of Stamford with a large force from Somersetshire, they retreated by way of Torrington and Okehampton to Launceston. (cf. Mercurius Aulicus a Diurnall communicating the intelli- gence and affaires of the Court to the rest of the Kingdome. No. 2, from Jan: 8 to Jan. 14, 1643.) The following letter to Lady Grace from Sir Bevill has reference to the billetting of the soldiers in the parishes round Stowe : — SIR BEVILL GRANVILLE TO HIS WIFE. Deare Love I shall be willing that Jack may repose himself awhile at home, seeing our actions abroade are not more worthy of his bestowing his time in. There comes w*** him a rare man, one Mr. Coxe, a Divine, though for some imploy- m*^ w'^^ he hath it is not amiss to have him somtimes in a grey coate. His learning, his parts, his conversation are excellent. I hope he will retire him- selfe awhile at Stow, and thereby imprint some formes in the boy, w*^"" (if he hath the witt to make use of) may season him while he lives. Pray afford him the best usage and respect you can both in Dyet lodging and attendance, Lodge him in the Redd Chamber and because y'' chamberlain is sick let some trusty body see his bed Avell furnished w**^ neat linnen and all things apper- tayning sweet and cleane, w''^ good fyr^s beneath and above ; all which I leave to y"^ discreation and mySelf for ever to remain owne B Gren: Lances. Jan 6 1642. I am of the mind to billett some companies in the Parrishes about you as namely 5 compa : in 5 Par : one in a Parrish for the defence [of the] country against Plunderers. Wherefore .... Mr. Rowse to prepare the inhabitants of Kilkham : Morwing' : Stratton, Pughill and Lansells to dyett a 100 men a peace in severall howses. They shall be allow'd for each man two shillings by the weeke, w'''^ is enough for a poore soldier ; and, to be briefe, if they will not do it willingly, they shall do it whither they will or no. and in this I expect a speedy answer. Since the writing of this M'' Coxe canot come To my best frend the Lady Grace Grenvile these/. The trained bands, which had refused to march into Devon- shire, now rallied round Hopton as soon as he touched Cornish soil. There was no such subordination on the other side as to render the Earl's army really formidable. Colonel Euthven, Tlie History of the Granville Family. 249 who commanded the garrison at Plymouth, with some- thmg perhaps of the contempt of the professional soldier for the titled commander to whom his obedience was due, pushed on hurriedly to attack the Koyalists without waiting for Stam- ford. On January 13th New Bridge was taken after a smart engagement, and the Royalists retreated from Launceston to Bodmin. The Parliamentarians followed them in the direction of Liskeard, and on the 19th battle was joined at Bradock Down, and Ruthven was signally defeated. The details of the fight can have no better chronicler than Sir Bevill himself, who writes thus to his wife : — SIR BEVILL GRANVILLE TO HIS WIFE. My deare Love. It hath pleas'd God to give us a happie victory this present Thursday being y® IQ**" of Jan^, for which pray joine w*'^ me in giving God thanks. We advanced yesterday from Bodmin to find y® enemy w'' we heard was abroad ; or if we miss'd him in the field we were resolved to unhouse them in Liskeard, or leave our boddies in the highway. We were not above 3 miles from Bodmyn when we had view of two troops of their Horse to whom we sent some of ours, w"*" chased them out of the field, while our foot march'd after our Horse ; but night coming on we could march no farther than Boconnocke Parke where (upon my lo Mohun's kind motion) we quartered all our Army by good fires under the hedge. The next morning, being this day, we march'd forth and ab*^ noone came in full view of the enemies whole army upon a fair heath between Boconnocke and Braddocke Church. They were in horse much stronger than we, but in foot we were superior as I thinke. They were possest of a pretty rising ground, w-'^ was in the way towards Liskeard and we planted ourselves upon such another against them w'^^in muskett shott ; and we saluted each other w**^ buUetts about two hours or more, each side being willing to keep their ground of advantage and to have the other come over to his prejudice. But after so long delay, they standing still firm and being obstinate to houlde their advantage, Sir Ra : Hopton resolved to march over to them and to leave all to the mercy of God and valour of our side. I had the van ; so after solemne prayers at the head of every division, I led my part away, who follow'd me w*'^ so good courage both downe one hill and up the other as it strooke a terror in them, while the seconds came gallantly after me, and the wings of horse charged on both sides. But their courage soon fail'd them as they stood not our first charge of the foot, but fled in great disorder, and we chast them diverse miles. Many were not slain because of their quick disordering, but we have taken above 600 prisoners, among which S'^ Shilston Calmady is one, and more are still brought in by the soldiers. Much armes they have lost and Colours we have won and 4 pieces of Ordnance i"^ them, and without rest we march'd to Liskeard and tooke it w*out delay, all their men flying fr"" it before we came ; and so I hope we are now again in the y'' way to settle the Country in peace. All our Cornish Grandies were present at the battell w*^ the Scotch Generall Ruthven, the Somersett Collonells and the Horse Captains Pim and Tomson ; and but for their horses speed had been all in our hands ; Let my Sister and 250 The History of the Granville Family. my Cosens of Clovelly w*^"^ y'' other frends understand of God's mercy to us. And we lost not a man, so I rest : Yr^ ever, Bevill Grenvile. Liskerd Jan 19 1642 For the Lady Grace Grenvile at Stow d.d. The messenger is paide, yet give him a shilling more This interesting letter is sealed ; a horseman's rest upon a cap of maintenance. The reference in it to the " solemn prayers at the head of every division " before the commence- ment of the battle, proves the fact (afterwards confirmed by similar devotions after the battle of Stratton), which is some- times apt to be overlooked, that reliance on " the God of Battles " was not confined to the Puritan side in the Civil Wars. Lord Clarendon, too, tells us that when the Kebels observed prayers being said by the Royalists they mocked and told their fellows " they were at mass," in order to stir up their courage in the cause of religion. Ruthven fled to Saltash, which he thought to fortify, and by the neighbourhood of Plymouth and assistance of the shipping, to defend, and thereby still to have an influence upon a good part of Cornwall. The Earl of Stamford, who had meanwhile occupied Launceston, receiving quick advertisement of this defeat, retired in great disorder to Tavistock to preserve the utmost parts of Devon from incursion. The Royalists, after a solemn thanksgiving to Almighty God for this great victory, and a little refreshing their men at Liskeard, divided themselves; Sir John Berkley and Colonel Ashburnham, with Sir Bevill's, Sir Nicholas Slanning's, and Col. Trevanion's Volunteers, and such a party of Horse and Dragoons as could be spared, advanced to Tavistock ; whilst Lord Mohun and Sir Ralph Hopton with Lord Mohun's and Colonel Godolphin's Volunteers, and some of the Trained Bands marched towards Saltash to dislodge Ruthven, who, within the three days that had elapsed since his defeat at Bradock Down, had cast up such works, and planted such store of cannon upon the narrow avenues that he thought himself able (with a goodly ship of 400 tons, in which were 16 pieces of cannon, which he had brought up the river to the very side of the town) to defend that place against any strength that was likely to be brought against him. But he quickly found that the same spirit possessed his enemies that drove him from The History of the Granville Family. 251 Liskeard, and the same that possessed his own men when they fled from thence, for as soon as the Cornishmen came up they fell upon his works, and in a short time beat him, first out of them and then out of the town, with a good execution upon them, many being killed in the fight and more drowned, Euthven himself hardly getting into a boat, by which he got into Plymouth, leaving all his Ordnance behind him, which, together with the ship and seven-score prisoners, and all their Colours, which had been saved at Liskeard, were taken by the Conquerors, who who were now once more entire masters of Cornwall. The Earl of Stamford had not the same patience to abide the other party at Tavistock, but before their approach quitted the town, some of his forces making haste into Plymouth, and the rest retiring into Exeter. (Clarendon, vi. pp. 134, 135.) SIR BEVILL GRANVILLE TO HIS WIFE. Deare love I will write a hasty line by my Cos : Porter. We marched w"" some foot and horse from Plimpton to prevent the enimy from gathering power at Tavistock ; wher he forbare to come for feare of us. We then marcht to Okehampton to finde him, we being sure they were there w"' 5000 men ; but they ran away before we came : there were sent some horse & Dragoones to Chagford to pursue them in the night, but for want of good foote, & the approch to the towne being very hard, our men were forst to retire aga;ine after they were in : & one losse we have sustaind that is unvalluable, towitt, Sydney Godolphin is slaine in the attempt ; who was as gallant a gent : as the world had. I have time for no more. ever B : Grenvile. Oke. - Feb. 9. 1642^ . [31 [Addressed] For the Lady Grenvile at Stowe these. Early in February the miscellaneous and irregular forces, which made up the Parliamentarian Army of Devonshire, met at Totnes, and, being raw and undisciplined, a few days were spent in drilling and organizing them. On Monday, February 20th, the whole force moved to Kingsbridge, where a council of war was held, and a party was detailed " to march to a place called Huttonbridge to make good a passage." This bridge, which is probably identical with the bridge at Aveton Gifi"ard, was distant about three miles from Kingsbridge, and nearly 252 The History of the Granville Family. half-way on the direct road to Modbury. To secure this, which was the only practicable passage, was a matter of strategic importance. It was here the Eoyalists had at first intended to dispute the advance of their opponents. Mr. William Lane, Rector of Aveton Giffard, Mr. Champernowne, and other Royalist gentlemen had begun to build a fort on a hill, part of the glebe of Aveton, commanding the bridge, but there had been no time to finish it. The disposition of the Royalist forces about Plymouth at this time is learnt from the following highly interesting letter written from Plympton by Sir Bevill to his wife on the 20th of February, the same day on which the Parliamentarians seized the bridge at Aveton Giffard : — SIE BEVILL GRANVILLE TO HIS WIFE. My Deare Love Y"^ great care & good affection, as they are very remarkable, so they deserve my best thankes, & I could wish that the subject w'^^' you bestowe them upon, could better requite you. I shall returne y'^ messenger but little certainty concerning our present condition. Our Army lies still in severall quarters. S'' Ra : Hopton w**" my lo : Mohun, is upon the north side of Plimouth -w*'^ two Regim*^ : Collo : Asbourn : S"^ Jo : Berk : & I, are on the east side w*" two Regim*' & S'' Ni : Slan : w*^ Jack Trevan : & their two Regim*^ were sent the last weeke to Modbury to possesse that quarter before the enimy came, being the richest part of this countrey, whence most of our provision & victualls does come, & if it were taken from us we might be starv'd in our quarters. Modbery lyes 6 miles to the Eastward of us, & now the Enimy w*'' all the power y* they can gather, of those that we disperst at Okeham : & Chag : & other . . ayd . . . advanc'd w'^in two mile of at Modbu : they are many thousand as the report goes, & we are like to have speedy worke. We have sent more ayde to them both of horse and foote : god speed us well. Plimouth is still supplied w*" men & all sorts of provision by sea, w'n we canot hinder, & therfore for my part I see no hope of taking it. So now the most danger that hangs over the K'gs side is in these parts, for he hath had great successe in those parts where he is. Cissister w<='' prince Rupert tooke, hath drawne in all Glocestershire. The Citties of Glocester & Bristoll do ofTer to render themselves w^'out Force, & they are places of great importance. The Earle of Newcastle hath given the Pari'' power a great defeate in Yorkshire. The Queene is coming w'" good Ayde to the K^. The Pari : did attempt to force severall Quarters where the K'gs Army lay" & were beaten off w'" great losse to themselves in all places. We have advertizm' : that some ayde is cominge from his Ma"= to us, but it is so slowe as we shall need it before we see it : but gods will be done ; I am satisfied I canot expire in a better cause. 1 have given some directions to Jack for his study, pray cause him to putt them in execution, & to make some exercize in verse or prose every day. Intreat my Co : . . . Ear: Geal: to take a little paines [w'"] him. I have releas'd the Prisoners that Bar : Geal : wrote for. Lett Cap : Stanb : know it is all one to me whither he goe by Byd : or Pads : so he make haste. & now to conclude, I beseech you take care of y'^ health ; I have nothing so much in my prayers. Y>^ Phisition Jennings is turnd a Traytor w'" the The History of the Granville Family. 253 rest, wherby he hath lost ray love, & I am doubtfuU to trust you w"' him. Present my humble duety & thanks to y"^ Moth"^ ; & I beseech god to blesse y® young People. I rest Y"^ owne ever Plimp : Feb. 20. 1642 Bevill Grenvile. ["3"] My new cap is a little to straight. I know not what forme of a Certifficate it is that Jo :Geal : desires, but if he will send it to me draw ne, I will gett it sign'd. [Addressed] To my best Frend the Lady Grace Grenvile, these. The plan of the Parliamentary leaders was to attack the Royalists occupying Modbury by a force sallying out of Ply- mouth at the same time that the main body, advancing from Kingsbridge, assailed them on the other side. But the Ply- mouth contingent were slow in advancing, and the two thousand Eoyalists — the victors of Bradock Down — held the strong defensive position on Stolliford Hill against the eight thousand Devonshire Parliamentarians (half of whom were, however, a rudely armed' and undisciplined mob) for some hours. Driven at last from this position, and attacked at the same time by the fresh arrivals from Plymouth on their flank, the Royalists seem to have retreated fighting, field by field and through the streets of Modbury, to the Court House of the Champernowne's, which had been fortified. This they defended during part of the night until compelled to evacuate it. We find Sir Bevill writing four days afterwards from Tavistock, and saying that they had been " forc'd to retire to Plimpton for want of Amunition, having spent all their stock," and also that they had raised their siege of Plymouth, which he, for his part, had never expected could have been successful, " yet in sub- mission to better judgm'^ I gave way." "Your neighbour of Souldon," who was reported killed, was Humphry Prideaux, of Soldon, in Holsworth)^ parish, who married Honor, daughter of Edmund Fortescue of Fallapitt. SIR BEVILL GRANVILLE TO HIS WIFE. Deare love There have been some changes since I wrote last. We have raisd our siege of Plimouth, w*^'' for my part I never expected could have been succesfull, yet in submission to better judgm'^ I gave way ; & we are now at ' " Some had sad heavy clubs, some thick quarter staves with iron and steel pikes at the end, others with a pike and a cicle, others with gardeners' rakes with iron teeth, some with very long helved pick-axes, some with hammers, some with sawea instead of swords, and divers other such kind of weapons." 254 TJie History of the Granville Family. Tauistock, united againe in one boddy. The Party of ours vi"^ was at Modbury indur'd a cruell assault for 1 2 bowers against many thousand men, & killd many of them, w"' the losse of fewe, & some hurt ; but ours at last were forc'd to retire to Plimpton for want of Amunition, having spent all their stock. 1 We are still threatned, but I hope gods favour will not forsake us. Y' Neighbour of Souldon I heare is one of the dead at Modbury, & will not now Plunder y"" countrey if it be true. If my soldier Hugh Ching continue sick, pray lett there be care had of him, k lett him not want what you can helpe him. Bidd Tom Ansley have speciall care of the busines I have now writt to him. Give my duety to y"' Mother ; & I beseech god to keepe & blesse you all, & if it be his will to send us a happie meeting, So prayeth y faithfull Bevill Grenvile. Tavistock Feb. 25, 1642^ I have sent home some peare grafts, lett them be carefully grafted, some by Brute, & some by -lo: Skiner. I beseech you make Jack to pursue the direc- tions I have given him, [Ovitside] I did send home some Peare graffs from Truroe about Michellmas ; lett them be carefully grafFed also, & note w"^"^ is one & w'^'' the other. [Addressed] To my best Frend the Lady Grace Grenvile at Stow. The Parliamentarians admitted tlie loss of only seven men killed and a few prisoners, whilst the Royalists were reported to have left behind them five pieces of artillery, besides about a thousand muskets which they threw away in their flight. Their loss is further vaguely stated to have been one hundred killed and twice as many wounded, and more than a hundred prisoners. {Perfect Diurnall, Feb. 20-27, and Feb. 27— March 6, 1642-3 ; King's Pamphlets, B.M. small fo's, vol. vii.). One of the accounts satirically states that " fifteen hundred fled, many of them being Cornish hullers (wrestlers) and nimble of foot." Lu(.kily we have Sir Bevill's own contradiction of these figures, contained in another letter to his wife. Sm BEVILL GRANVILLE TO HIS WIFE. Dearest I shall write to you without delay having a little Alarme at this instant, and so we had last night w'^'' kept me up late. Our losse at Mod: was little ; the enemie's great. We had not 10 men slaine ; the enemies abovit 300 ; some say 500, and they retreated safe to us in despite of them. I know not what course we shall hould herafter. biit you shall heare as soon as I can. Tell my cos Geo: Gary I give him great thanks for his favor to Jack w* I ' This waut was partly replenished, according to the Mercurius Aulicus, by the seizure of a ship at Fahnouth laden with powder, bullets, and all sorts of ammunition. The History of the Granville Family. 255 entreate him to continue The boy doth amend his hand a little ; let him continue to do so and he shall be the better for it. There is yet no ayde coming to us, but I hope there will be, tho' I feare too late. Yrs. intirely B. G. Feb 26 1642 To my best Frend the Lady Grace Grenvill ./• these. As Sir Bevill has told us in his letter to Lady Grace of February 25, while the fight at Modbury was going on, the garrison at Plymouth had made a vigorous sortie with horse and foot, and fallen upon the works of the besiegers, forcing the Royalists to retire out of them, and the siege of Plymouth was consequently raised. The Earl of Stamford then combined his forces and followed Hopton to Tavistock, where a parley took place, and a treaty or arrangement was made between the gentlemen of Devon and Cornwall that for twenty days (until midnight of the 22nd of April) no actual warfare should occur in the two counties.-^ It was hoped that in the interim general terms of peace between the King and the Parliament might be settled, for negotiations were being opened with Charles at Oxford at this very time. It is clear, however, that neither party had much confidence in such a result, and each side made preparation accordingly. Sir Bevill, writing from Launceston the 9th of March, alludes both to the treaty and to the suspicions he had of its durability. SIR BEVILL GRANVILLE TO HIS WIFE. Dearest If you accompt y'"selfe fallen from any happiness by the want of me, , I have a thousand time more reason to be miserable when I am devided from you. Pray be of comfort however things goe, and I beseech God to enable me to deserve y"^ love. For newes, there is a cessation agreed on for 20 dales, from whence for my part I looke but for knavery. We heare that the Queene is landed in the north, for whose guard the King hath sent those forces w""^ should have come to us, whereby we are prevented awhile longer ; so one thing or other hinders us still, but I hope God will not forsake us. The force w* was at Tavistock is all disbanded. Enquire whither my Reg™' maye be billetted in good houses of the hundred of Stratt: during this cessation, and then I will be nearer home. Pray kepe me some Pearmains. Yrs B Lane: Mar 9 For the Lady Greville 1642. these ■/. To make this truce binding " nine of the principall gentlemen of each county not onely took their corporall oathes, but received the sacrament." (Mercurius Aulicus 13 March, 1643). 256 The History of the Granville Family. Queen Henrietta Maria had been in Holland throwing herself with characteristic ardour into the task of raising money with which to purchase arms and of inducing officers and soldiers of English birth to forsake the Dutch service for that of their native Prince. She had also pawned the Crown jewels. She landed at Bridlington Quay on the 22nd of February, and was conducted by Lord Newcastle to York, where she awaited an opportunity of rejoining the King with safety. The " Pear- mains " which Sir Bevill was anxious should be kept for him were a particular sort of apple. While Sir Bevill's troops lay at Launceston the church was apparently used as barracks, and several entries of payments ' for firewood and candles for use in these unusual quarters occur in the accounts of the borough ; e.g., Kingdon, the Constable, records that on the 28 th of February " in came S' Bevell Grinfild and that night they had for the gard 3 seame wood and 2 ]i candells." March 1st the Mayor "p*^ for earring a warrant to Lawhitton at 8 of the clocke at night for raising the ' posse cometates.' " March 5th, "Being commanded to send away a warrent of the ' posse commitatis ' at midnight," he was allowed 6d. for his service. March 6th, Mr. Kingdon states "when S'' Bevell came backe from Stratton they havd that night by reason of the great company 4 seam wood and 2|- li candells for the gard." March 8th, he " sent S'' Bevell Grinfild p"- Mr. Mayor's order, a pottell sacke 2^ 4*^ " and " p*^ for a lanteron for the gard 2%" etc., etc. Whether truly or not, the Royalists were accused of treacherously breaking the treaty by plotting to seize and fire the town of Bideford, with the object of opening a way for some supplies expected from Wales. The following are some particulars of the story as told in one of the weekly news-' sheets : — " From Excester in Devonshire they write, that the Treaty betweene the gentry of Cornewall and Devon is continued for ten days longer from Tuesday last untill Friday next, and in the mean while the Toune of Beddiford in the North part of the County of Devon should have been betrayed and delivered up to Sir Ealph Hopton in this manner : Sir Bevil Greenvill sent some of his soldiers into the toune like countrimen, one after one, who confederated themselves with some of the malevolent Townsmen, to surprise the Watch of the Towne and to cut their throates in a certaine night, and then an Alarm sho^ have been given by them as a call to the rest of Sir B. G.'s Eegiment, which sh*^ have attended neere to the Toune to have come in to their aide The History of the Granville Family. 257 and finished the exploit : but it pleased God in his mercifull providence to discover the Treachery thus ; One of the Con- spirators being a Tounsman hapned to be drunke the afternoon before that dismall night, and in his drunkenesse openly babbled out what feates he and the rest of his Complices meant to performe the night following ; which being taken hold of and thoroughly examined, the Conspiracie was discovered and all the Conspirators were instantly apprehended together with all Sir B. G.'s souldiers that were then in the Toune, and their persons secured and committed to safe custody to receive con- dign punishment according to their demerits," (" Certain Information," etc., April 10-17, 1643. "King's Pamphlets," B.M., small 4tos., vol. cii.) The plot, as Mr. Cotton observes, was probably only one of the numerous scares of the period. But whatever may have been the truth about it, some alarm was very likely to have arisen from the incident which was thus reported — " that a small bark was taken coming from Wales to assist Hopton in the West Countries, set out by the Earl of Worcester, laden with store of money and plate, and five or six hundred arms covered three feet deep with coals that the bark was brought into Barnstaple, and that three companies were sent from Exeter thither to unlade the same and bring the arms and money to Exeter." (Certain Speciall and Remarkable Passages, etc , April 20-27, 1643, King's Pamphlets B.M., vol civ.) The Treaty and Cessation of Arms expired on Saturday, April 22nd, and " now they prepare for the warre on both sides, for which purpose the Inhabitants of Barnestable and Beddiford had sent 5,000 Foote and 9 Troopes of Horse to Holsworthy .... to fall into Cornwall, which forces were remanded from thence again with much discontent " ( Certain e Information etc., April 24-May 1, 1643, ibid vol. cv.) On the eve of the expiration of the Treaty, the Earl of Stamford being laid up with the gout at Exeter, Sergeant-Major- General Chudleigh (a younger son of Sir George Chudleigh, Bart, of Ashton, and grandson of John Chudleigh the navigator,) took the command and occupied an entrenched position at Okehampton, with the purpose it may be assumed, of preventing the advance of the Cornish army, which was then quartered at Launceston. On the 22nd he occupied Lifton, and on the morning of Sunday the 23rd, the Parliamentarians, being in number about 17C0 Horse and Foot, and having with them a few pieces of Artillery, advanced to Polston Bridge, which 258 The History of the Granville Family. crosses the Tamar about two miles from Launceston. Captain Drake's troop drove in an outpost of the Eoyalists which held the bridge, and the Parliamentarians, preceded by their pioneers, made their way through the fields towards the town, beating out " like sheep " it is stated, the Royalist musketeers who lined the hedges. The Cornish headquarters had received an " alarum " in the night, but the Royalist troops were scattered and evidently unprepared for this prompt resumption of hostilities. Sir Ralph Hopton had constructed a " kind of fort " on Windmill Hill, and old beacon station which flanked the eastern front of the town of Launceston, The fight, which began about ten o'clock, lasted the greater part of the day, Chudleigh meeting with a more vigorous resistance than he expected, and at last his Foot were forced to give ground, he having no oppurtunity of bringing on his Horse to assist them by reason of the many hedges. Sir Ralph's forces, seeing them shrink, stoutly pushed on their success and sent a Regiment of Foot and three Troops of Horse, to wheel about and fall on their rear and re-take Polston Bridge behind them. But this was prevented by the coming in of some broken companies of Colonel Meyrick's Regiment from Plymouth, under the command of Lieutenant -Colonel Calmady, and 1 00 of Colonel Northcote's Regiment under the command of Sergeant-Major Fitch, who secured the bridge, so that Chudleigh was able to eff"ect his retreat, and to bring off his ordnance, ammunition and carriages without any extraordinary loss {cf. Rushworth's "His- torical Collections," pt. iii., vol. ii , pp. 267,8). That night Chudleigh lay at Lifton, and the next day marched to Oke- hampton, " where they lay as in Garison." On the morning of the 25th, Chudleigh pushed forward a party of horse to Bridestowe, a village six miles distant on the Launceston road, to watch the enemy's movements. They returned with the intelligence that the whole body of the enemy was advancing. The disorganization of Chudleigh's force had meanwhile begun. Many men had already "gone away disheartened," and others had gone on the well-understood errand of bringing the deserters back. His transport service had also broken down ; carriages had been dismissed as not able to serve longer, and no new supply of horses and " plowes " (teams of oxen) had come in. His artillery was consequently immovable. His force within his entrenchment was reduced to about one thousand foot and sixty horse. To retreat or to stand still seemed equally disastrous, and to involve the loss of " their artillery, ammunition, themselves, and by probable con- The History of the Granville Family. 259 sequence, the whole county." {Cf. " Exploits Discovered," etc., " King's Pamphlets," B.M , small 4tos., vol. cv.) The Royalists, on the other hand, were reported to be drawn out on Sourton Down to the estimated number of 500 horse and dragoons, and between 400 and 500 Foot. The road from Launceston, almost immediately after leaving Bridestowe, was for two miles an open trackway over Sourton Down, a strip of outlying moorland on the flank of Dartmoor, from which it is separated only by the wild and picturesque valley of the West Okement river. Here, according to the contemporary tracts and news-sheets of the day, Major-General Chudleigh and Captain Thomas Drake (the second son of Sir Francis Drake, the first Baronet of Buckland Abbey, and a grand- nephew of the great Admiral) made a brilliant charge with their sixty horse, and completely routed the Royalist troops, who were seized with a sudden panic, and drove them from the bleak heights of J^ourton Down, A violent thunderstorm with vivid lightning occurred duiing the battle, and the Puritans reported that " the Lord sent Fire from heaven so that the Cavaliers powder in their bandaliers, flasks and muskets, took fire, by which means they hurt and slew each other to the wonder and amazement of the Parliament's Forces," and it is added that this mystic fire " so lamentably scorched and burnt many of their bodies that they sent for 1 2 chysurgions from Launceston to cure them " {cf. " Joyful Newes from Plimouth," published in London 18 May 1643, and " Rushworth," iii , vol. ii., p. 268). The fight is described in the news-sheets as a " most miraculous and happy victory," " a great Deliverance and a wonderful victory," " such as hath not hap'ned since this warr began, nor may be paralleled by the stories of many ages past ; the memory whereof most worthily deserves to be engraven on a memorable pillar or high towring I^yramides." The Royalist song-writers were not slow to satirize this gust of Puritan triumph. The following are the first two verses of a ballad entitled, "A Western Wonder," and attributed to Sir John Den ham - " Do you not know, not a fortnight ago How they bragged of a Western Wonder ? When a hundred and ten slew five thousand men With the help of lightning and thunder. There Hopton was slain, again and again, Or else my author did lie ; With a new thanksgiving for the dead who are living To God and his servant Chidleigh." 26Q The History of the Granville Family. Hopton was erroneously reported, and not for the first time, to have been killed. The moral effect of this defeat on the Cornish army was not less remarkable than the physical. Lord Clarendon, who passes over the action itself with the briefest possible notice, admits, however, that it " struck a great terror into" the Eoyalists, and " disordered them more than they were at any time " Encouraged by Chudleigh's success on Sourton Down, the Earl of Stamford, having recovered from his gout, placed himself at the head of an army, and on the 11th of May set out from Exeter for the rendezvous of the Parliamentary army of Devon- shire at Okehampton. When brought together these un doubtedly heterogenous forces, (according to credible informa- tion, derived, it is said, from its own officers) consisted of 1,400 horse and dragoons and 5,400 foot " by the poll." These were mostly the militia levies which the Parliamentary Committee, during the preceding months, had been actively organizing. A train of artillery, consisting of thirteen brass guns and a mortar- piece, was attached to the force. The Royalists, on the other hand, had less than half the number, and so destitute were they of provisions, that the best officers had but a biscuit a day, and with only a handful of powder for the whole force. They, nevertheless^ marched out of Launceston "with a resolution," as Lord Clarendon says, "to fight with the enemy upon every disadvantage of place or number' The Parliamentary troops divided. Sir George Chudleigh (father of the Major-General) was detached with 1,200 of the Horse to march to Bodmin by a route not mentioned, but evidently by the Tavistock road, which had been practically cleared of the enemy by James Chudleigh's victory. The meaning of this movement or diversion, if it may be so called, is not obvious ; and we learn only through Royalist sources, that its object was to overawe the Sheriff of Cornwall, and prevent further Eoyalist levies from being made, and also to cut off the anticipated retreat of Hopton's army. The destination of the remainder of the Parliamentary forces, was Stratton ; where they eventually took up a strong position on a hill within a mile of that town. The horse, not exceeding by all accounts two hundred, appears to have already reached Stratton on the 12th of May (c/ "Perfect Diurnall," etc., 15-22 May, 1643. " King's Pamphlets," vol. ix), and the foot probably followed on the 13th and 14th. The Royalists approached Stratton on the Tlie History of the Granville Family. 261 morning of the 16th. They had the advantage of having amongst them one to whom every inch of ground must have been perfectly familiar. But a few miles to the north, on the bleak hill-side above the waves of the Atlantic, lay Stowe, and it would have been strange if, on this day of peril, the ordering of the fight had not fallen into Sir Bevill's Granville's hands. " The number of foot was about two thousand four hundred,, which they divided into four parts, and agreed on their several provinces. The first was commanded by the Lord Mohun and Sir Ealph Hopton, who undertook to assault the camp on the south side. Next to them, on the left hand, Sir John Berkeley and Sir Bevill Grranville were to force their way. Sir Nicholas Slanning and Colonel Trevenion were to assault the north side ; and on the (their ?) left hand Colonel Thomas Basset, who was Major-General of their foot, and Colonel William Godolphin were to advance with their party ; each party having two pieces of cannon to dispose as they found necessary ; Colonel John Digby, commanding the horse and dragoons, being about five hundred, stood upon a sandy common which had a way to the camp, to take any advantage he could on the enemy, if they charged ; otherwise to be firm as a reserve." (Clarendon^ p. 424 a.) For some hours (from 5 a.m. to 3 p.m.) every effort was in vain against superiority of numbers and superiority of position. At three in the afternoon word was brought to the commanders that their scanty stock of powder was almost exhausted. A retreat under such circumstances would have been fatal, and the word was given that a supreme effort must be made. Trusting to pike and sword alone, the lithe Cornishmen pressed onwards and upwards. Their silent march seems to have struck their opponents with a sense of power. The defence grew feeble, and on the easier western slope, where Granville fought, and on the northern, on which Sir John Berkeley led the attack, the outer edge of the plateau was first gained. Immediately the handful of horse, which had remained with Stamford, turned and fled. In vain Chudleigh, now second in command, rallied the foot for a desperate charge. For a moment he seemed to make an impression on the approaching foe, but he incautiously pressed too far in advance and was surrounded and captured. His men, left without a commander, at once gave way and retreated to the further end of the plateau. By this time the other two Royalist detachments, finding resistance slackening, had made their way up, and the victorious commanders embraced one another on the hard-won hill-top, thanking God for a success, 262 The History of the Granville Family. for which at one time they had hardly ventured to hope. It was no time to prolong their rejoicings, as the enemy, demoralized, as they were still clung to their heights. Seizing the cannon which had been abandoned in the earth-works, the Royalist commanders turned them upon Stamford's cowed followers. The frightened men threw down their arms and fled, Stamford himself, if rumour did not speak falsely, having already set the example. From that day the spot, on which the wealthy Earl demonstrated his signal incompetence as a leader of men, has been known as " Stamford Hill." Such is Gardiner's account of the battle written after personal observation of the ground. There are two graphic historical accounts of it which have come down to us, one by Lord Clarendon and the other by Dr. Thomas Fuller, the quaint and facetious author of the " Worthies of England." Both accounts, from certain internal resemblances which they bear to each other, appear to have been derived from the same source ; and Fuller, who was afterwards chaplain to Sir Ralph Hopton, states that he obtained his information from a paper revised by Hopton himself. We may be sure, therefore, that the Royalist commander was the common authority of both writers. At one period of the battle Chudleigh, with a body of pikemen, charged Sir Bevill's regiment and threw it into disorder. Sir Bevill being " in person overthrown," and, as he tells his wife, " bruised." The disaster was retrieved by Sir John Berkeley leading the musketeers, who flanked Sir Bevill's pikemen on each side. The Royalists admitted the loss of but very few men and of no considerable oflicer . According to the same authority about three hundred of the Parliamentarians were killed on the field, seventeen hundred were taken prisoners,^ and all their cannon, seventy barrels of gunpowder, and a large magazine of biscuit and other provisions fell into the hands of the captors, " which was as seasonable a blessing as the victory to those who for three or four days before had sufi"ered great want of food as well as sleep, and were equally tired with duty and hunger." To the Rev. Henry Wilson, Rector of Buckland Filleigh, who attended as chaplain of the army and waited on Sir Bevill to congratulate him after the victory, the soldier piously and politely replied that it was more owing to the parson's good prayers than to anything else. {cj. Walker's " Suflferings of the Clergy," pt. ii, p. 392). Sir Bevill's local celebrity and the fame of his chivalric ' Including Chudleigh and thirty other ofl&cers. Tlie History of the Granville Family. 263 bravery earned him a prominent place in connection with this victory. It has not been given to every military hero to fight a pitched battle in the parish next to his own ; still, we are not, as Dr. Gardiner observes, to attribute the prominence given him in the inscription on a tablet — which formerly marked the battle field, but is now affixed to the wall of the Tree Inn at Stratton — as entirely due to local or family feeling. — IN THIS PLACE ARMY OF REBELLS VNDER Y^ COMMAND OF Y'^ earl of STAMFORD RECEIVED A SIGNAL OVER THROW BY y'^ VALOVR OP SIR BEVILL GRBNVILLE AND Y^ CORNISH ARMY ON TUESDAY Y^ 16"" of MAY 1643. One man connected with this battle, whose name must not be omitted, was Antony Payne, Sir Bevill's henchman. He was a remarkable man in many ways. Born in the Granville Manor House at Stratton, he is said to have measured seven feet without his shoes, when, at the age of twenty-one, he was taken into the establishment at Stowe. He afterwards added two more inches to his height. After the battle of Stamford Hill Sir Bevill returned for the night to Stowe, but his gaint remained with some other soldiers to bury the dead. He had caused trenches to be dug to hold ten bodies side by side, and in these trenches he and his followers deposited the slain. On one occasion they had lain nine corpses in their places, and Payne was bringing another tucked under hisarm, when all at once (so the story goes) the supposed dead man began to kick and plead for life. "Surely you won't bury me, Mr. Payne, before I am dead?" "I tell thee, man," was the grim reply, "our trench was dug for ten and there's nine in it already, thou must take thy place." " But I be'ant dead, I say. I have'nt done living yet — be massyful, Mr. Payne — don't ye hurry a poor fellow into the earth before his time" "I won't hurry thee, thou can'st die at thy leisure," was the reply. Payne's purpose was, however, kinder than his speech. He carried the suppliant to his own cottage, and left him to the charge of his wife. The man lived, and his descendants are among the principal inhabitants of Stratton at this day." (Hawker's " Footprints of Former Men in Cornwall ") Another story told of him is that one Christmas Eve the fire languished in the hall at Stowe. A boy with an ass had been sent to the woods for logs, but had loitered on his way. Lady Grace lost patience. Then Antony started in quest of the dilatory lad, and re-entered the hall shortly after, bearing the 264 TJie History of the Granville Family. loaded animal on his back. He threw down his burden at the hearth-side shouting, " Ass and fardel, ass and fardel, for my lady's yule." On another occasion he rode into Stratton with Sir Bevill. An uproar proceeded from the little inn-yard. Sir Bevill bade the giant find out what was the cause of the disturbance. Antony speedily returned with a man under each arm, whom he had arrested in the act of fighting. " Here are the kittens," said the giant, and he held them under his arm while his master chastised them with his riding whip. At the Tree Inn, Stratton (which is said to have been the headquarters of the Royalists on the night preceding the battle), the hole in the ceiling is still shown, through which years afterwards the corpse of poor Antony was removed from the room in which he died, his coffin being too large to be taken out of the window or down the stairs in the usual way.^ At the Restoration of Charles II., Antony was made Halberdier of the Guns at Plymouth Citadel, and Sir Godfrey Kneller was commissioned by the King to paint his portrait. It was engraved as a frontis piece to the first volume of Gilbert's " History of Cornwall," and the picture itself was afterwards sold for £800. His sword was made to match his size As Roundheads did remember, And when it swung 'twas like the whirl Of windmills in September. — Stokes. The King was not unmindful of the gallant Sir Bevill's share in the fight, as will be seen from " His Majestie's Letter to Sir Bevill Granvill after the great victory obtained over the Rebells at the Battle of Stratton." — To our Right Trusty and Well-beloved Sir Bevill Granvill at our Army in Cornwall. Charles R. Right Trusty and Well-beloved Wee greet you well. Wee have seen your Letter to Endymion Porter Our Servant. But your whole conduct of Our Affairs in the West doth speak your Zeal to Our Service and the Public Good in so full a Measure as Wee rest abundantly satisfy'd with the Testimony thereof. Your labours and your Expenses Wee are graciously Sensible of, and Our Royall Care hath been to ease you in all that Wee could. What hath fallen short of our Princely Purposes and your Expections Wee know you will attribute to the great malignity of the Rebellion Wee had and have here to wrestle withall. And Wee know well how effectually a diversion of that mischievous strength you have made from Us at your own hazzards. Wee assure you Wee have all tender sense of the hardness you have endured and the state wherein you stand. Wee shall not fail to procure you what speedy relief may be. In the mean space Wee send you Our most hearty thanks for 1 The Stratton Register records his burial as having taken place on 13th July, 1691. The History of the Granville Family. 265 some encouragement and assurances on the word of a Gracious Prince that (God enabling us) Wee shall so reflect upon your faithfull Services as you and yours shall have cause to acknowledge Our Bounty and Favours. And so Wee bid you heartily farewell. Given at Our Court at Oxford the 24th May 164|. The following letter from Sir Bevill to Lady Grace was written about a week after the battle, and refers to his " bruise " Lady Granville and the children had evidently gone to stay with the Arundells of Trerice, their cousins, when the opposing armies were reported to be advancing towards Stowe : — SIR BEVILL GRANVILLE TO HIS WIFE. Deare Love I have rec: severall Irs from you since I wrote last, & in all do see y"^ excellent affection &, mine owne obligation, god reward you if I canot. you are doubtfull lest my bruise stick by me, I thanke you, but I hope it is preetily over, though I am something sore & did spitt bloud two daies, & bledd at nose much. I had no Slatt, neither I do now need it I think, but I did wish I had had some at that time, you may safely returne to Stow, & I am perswaded you would have had no hurt if you had staid, our Army is at Okeham: & what farther will become of us I know not, we ai'e sure of y"^ good prayers as you are of myne who will ever remaine Y" constantly Okehampton Bevill Grbnvilb. May-24-1643 Present my duety to y'' mother & my best service to my noble cosens of Trerise. (Superscription.) To my best frend the Lady Grace Grenvile these. By this decisive victory not only was Cornwall cleared of the enemy and secured for the King, but the whole of Devon also, with the exception of Bideford and Barnstaple in the north, and Plymouth, Dartmouth, and Exeter in the south, fell into the hands of the Royalists, The "fitters of that broken army," to borrow the language of Bruno Ryves in his Mercurius Rustims, streamed back over Devonshire. Most of the militia- men probably found shelter in the above-named garrison towns, others returned to their homes ; but they were never again organized as a field force. The Earl of Stamford retreated by Barnstaple to Exeter, attended, it may be presumed, by the remnant of his body guard. Sir William Waller, Sir Bevill's former friend, with a force of two thousand horse and dragoons detached from the Parliamentary army, was ordered by the Earl of Essex to proceed at once from Bristol " with all haste to 266 Tlie History of the Granville Family. Devonshire " to suppress the Royalists, who, on the other h'lnd, were advised by an express from Oxford of the advance of Prince Maurice and the Marquess of Hertford into Somerset- shire, and directed to co-operate with them. Leaving a small detachment in the neighbourhood of Ply- mouth for the protection of Cornwall, Sir Ealph Hopton reached Chard about the middle of June with about 3,000 foot, 500 horse, 300 dragodrs and four or five field pieces, and met Prince Maurice, whose forces were somewhat less in number. But " how small so ever the Marquess's party was in numbers, it was supplied with all the General Ofiicers of a Royal Army ; viz., a General, a Lieutenant General, General of the Horse, General of the Ordnance, Major General of Horse, another of foot, without keeping suitable command for those who had done all that was passed, and were to be principally relied on for what was to come, so that the chief officers of the Cornish army, by joining with a much less party than themselves, were at best in the condition of Private Colonels. Yet the same public thoughts still so absolutely prevailed with them that they quieted all murmurings and emulations among inferior officers and common soldiers, and were with equal candour and estimation valued by the Prince and Marquess, who bethought themselves of all expedients which might prevent future misunderstanding." (Lord Clarendon). Clarendon also praises the Cornish contin- gent for their discipline and conduct " The chief commanders of the Cornish army," he says, " had restrained their soldiers from all manner of licence, obliging them to frequent acts of devotion ; insomuch that the fame of their religion and discipline was no less than of their courage." The combined troops then advanced from Chard through Taunton and Bridgwater to WellSj where they fell upon the advanced guard of Waller's forces, which they routed and drove back upon Bath. A junction with the King's troops at Oxford had been the intention of the Royalists, but by taking post on Lansdowne Hill, outside Bath, Sir William Waller sought to prevent it. When the morning of the 5th of July dawned the Royalists perceived that Waller still blocked the way. The road by which Hopton hoped to pass was for some three miles the main road from Chippenham to Bristol. At Tog Hill another road branches off to the left, dips steeply down into a valley, and then ascends with a winding course on the opposite side till it reaches the north-western end of Lansdowne . The height once gained a level road runs along the ridge till the ground falls sharply down to Bath. If the Royalist army could gain The History of the Granville Family. 267 possession of this ridge all else would be comparatively easy. Essex was lying in hopeless inactivity at Aylesbury, and from him Waller had no aid to expect. As the Eoyalists pushed on through Cold Ashton to Tog Hill they could see that Waller intended to contest any attempt to scale the heights of Lans- downe. His cannon were planted behind a breastwork, and horse and foot were ranged so as to command every available approach. As he remained immovable, when Hertford and Hopton drew up their forces at Tog Hill, the order to retreat w^as given. The sight of the retiring enemy was too much for Waller to endure. Leaving his infantry at their posts, he sent his horse and dragoons in pursuit. Amongst them was a newly- formed regiment of London cavalry, under Sir Arthur Hazle- rigg, known popularly as "the Lobsters," from the complete armour in which they were encased on back and breast At Cold Ashton they found the enemy halted. The charge of "the Lobsters" was successful for a time, but in the end superior numbers told, and the Parliamentary horse was driven back to its old position on the edge of Lansdowne. The victors followed as far as Tog Hill, and drew up to examine the position once more. To descend into the valley and to climb the guarded heights was a formidable task, but the sight of the enemy posted in apparent security only exasperated the Cornish- men. " Let us fetch off those cannons," they cried to their officers. The officers assented, and the nimble feet which had stormed the heights of Stratton were once more in motion, working their way upwards through woods on either side, in which the enemy had placed musketeers to hold the ground. The horse advancing along the road was less fortunate. It was charged and driven back. Then Sir Bevill, "who was stationed with his regiment at Tog Hill, gave the word to advance and descended into the valley. Placing the pikemen in the centre, his horse in the open ground to the right, and his musketeers on the left, he steadily pushed on. It is possible that Sir Bevill was protected by the very steepness of the ascent, and that Waller's cannon could not be sufficiently depressed to strike the ascending force. The bend of the road to the right was un- doubtedly in his favour, as it gave him the shelter of a stone wall running almost at right angles to the enemies fire. It was only on approaching the top that the road sweeping round once more made straight for Waller's position. Then came the real struggle of the day. Five times did the Parliamentary cavalry charge with all the advantage of the slope, and five times it charged in vain. At last the whole Eoyalist force surged over 268 Ilie History of the Granville Family. Waller's breastworks. The moment of victory was also the moment of sorrow. Of the 2,000 horsemen which had marched out of their quarters in the morning, 600 only were still in the saddle when the day was gained. The Cornishmen were sad- dened by the fall of their beloved leader, Sir Bevill Grranville, struck down in the thick of the fight. The account of his death is given more in detail in Gilbert's History of Cornwall." It appears that "after gaining the brow of the hill in the third charge, while Sir Bevill was rallying his horse, he received, among other wounds, a blow on the head with a pole-axe, which put a glorious end to his career of honour." He did not, however, die on the field of battle, but was removed to Cold Ashton Parsonage, some four or five miles to the north, where he expired the following day (6th of July, 1643V Sir John Hinton, M.D., in his memorial to Charles 11. , writes thus: — " The bloody and tedious battle of Lansdowne lasted from break of day till very late at night, when Sir Bevill Grenvile (father to the now Earle of Bathe), bravely behaving himself, was killed at the head of his stand of Pikes, and in his extremity I was the last man that had him by the hand before he dyed." The following touchiag letter from Antony Payne, Sir Bevill's henchman, conveying the sad news of his master's death to Lady Grace, is said to have been found in an old chest in the farm- house at Stowe: — ANTONY PAYNE TO LADY GRACE GRANVILLE. Honored Madam, 111 news flieth apace. The heavy tidings no doubt have already travelled to Stow that we have lost our blessed Master by the enemy's advantage. You must not, dear Lady, grieve too much for your noble spouse. You know, as we all believe, that his soul was in heaven before his bones were cold. He fell, as he did often tell us he wished to die, in the great Stewart cause, for his country and his King. He delivered to me his last commands and with such tender words for you and for his children as are not to be set down with my poor pen, but must come to your ears upon my hearts best breath. Master John, when I mounted him upon his fathers horse, rode him into the war like a young prince as he is ; and our men followed him with their swords drawn and with tears in their eyes. They did say they would kill a rebel for every hair of Sir Bevills beard. But I bade them remember their good master's word when he wiped his sword after Stamford's fight : how he said, when their cry was " Stab and slay," " Halt men, God will avenge." — I am coming down with the mournfullest load than ever a poor servant did bear to bring the great heart that is cold to Kilkharapton vault. 0 ! my lady how shall I ever brook your weeping face? But I will be trotbful to the living and to the Dead. These — honoured Madam from thy saddest truest servant Antony Payne. TJie History q/ the Granville Family. 269 Never was man more universally or deservedly beloved than Sir Bevil, and though, during those times of civil fury and discord, each party seemed willing to confine all merit to them- selves, yet complete justice was done to his memory, even by Parliamentary writers, and it is said that his untimely death was as bitterly lamented by the Parliamentary troops as it was by his own followers. The following beautifully-expressed letter from Sir John Trelawney to poor Lady Grace on the death of Sir Bevill has been preserved amongst the Halsw^ell MSS. It will be remem- bered that Sir John had written to Sir Bevill before the first Scotch expedition, urging him, for the sake of his wife and children, not to embark in so perilous an enterprise (see page 212). SIE JOHN TRELAWNY BARONET TO LADY GRACE GRANVILLE. Honourable Lady, How cann I containe my selfe 1 or longer conceale my sorrow for y® Death of y' Excellent man y^' most deare Husband, & my noble Friende 1 Bee pleased w*'^ y"" wisedome to consider of the Events of Warr, which is seldome or neuer constant, but as full of Mutability, as hazard. And seeing it hath pleased God to take him from y^ La^P yet this may something appease y'^ greate fluxe of Teares, That hee died an Honorable Death, w* all Enemies will Envy, fighting with Invincible Valour & Loyalty, y^ Battle of his God, his King & Country. A greater Honour then this, noe man living cann enjoy. But God hath cal'd him vnto himself e, to Crowne him (I doubt not) with Immortall Glory for his noble Constancye in this Blessed Cause. It is to true (most noble lady) tht God hath made you drincke of a bitter Cupp ; yet if you please to submitt vnto his Devine Will & Pleasure by kissing his Rodd Patiently, God (noe doubt) hath a staff of Consolation for to comfort you in this greate AfHiction & Tryall. Hee will wipe y'' Eies, drie up the flowing springe of y"^ Teares, & make y"" Bedd easye, And by y'' Patience ouercome Goes Justice, by his retourning IVJercie. Maddam, hee is gonne his Journey but a little before vs, we must March after when it shall please God, for your La^P knowes y* none fall without his Providence w'-'' is as greate in the thickest showre of Bulletts, as in y® Bedd. I beseeche you (deare Lady) to pardon this my Trouble, & Boldnes, And y^ God of Heauen bless you, & comfort you, & all my Noble Cosens in this y'' greate visitation which shalbee the vnfayned Prayers of Him that is Most noble Lady Your Ladishipps Honorer, & humble Servant John Trelawny. Trelawne: '20: July; 1643. (Superscription.) To my Honorable Lady the Lady Grenvile att Stow these humbly present To the King Sir Bevill's death was a cause of deep grief, and he had designed to confer upon him the dignity of an Earl, the 270 The History of the Granville Family. patent for which, together with the letter which the King had written him after the battle of Stratton, was found in his pocket after his death. The King's letter, written on white sarcenet, was naturally prized highly by Sir Beviil since he had endorsed it with the words "keep this safe." It was handed down as an heirloom, and George Granville Lord Lansdowne gave it to Sir William Wyndham, Baronet, on the 26th of April, 1764, with the injunction that he should preserve it "in honour of your and my Grandfather," Sir William Wyndham being the grand- son of the Lady Jane Granville, daughter of John, 1 st Earl of Bath, Sir Bevill's eldest son. Sir Bevill's body was brought back to Cornwall, and having rested one night at Launceston Castle, was conveyed the next day to Kilkhampton, and buried in the church with all honours the 26th of July, 1643. He was forty-eight years of age. His grandson above-mentioned, George Granville Lord Lansdowne, erected the fine monument to his memory that still exists in Kilkhampton Church. The epitaph runs as follows : — Here lyes all that was mortall of the most noble and truly valiant Sir Bevill Granville of Stowe in the County of Cornwall, Earl of Carbile, and Lord of Thorigny and Granville in France and Normandy, descended in a direct line from Robert^ second son of y" warlike RoUo, first Duke of Normandy, who after having obtained divers signall victory's over the Kebells in y® west, was at length slain with many wounds at the battle of Lansdowne July y® 5"' 1643. He was born y® 25**^ of Maich 1595 and was deposited with his noble and heroic ancestors in this Church y® 26th day of July 1643. He marryed y** most virtuous Lady, Grace daughter of S'' George Smith of Exeter of y° county of Devon, by whom he had many sons, eminent for their loyalty, and firm adherence to y^ crown and church, and severall daughters, remarkable examples of true piety. He was indeed an excellent person, whose activity, interest, and reputation were y® foundation of what had been done in Cornwall, & his temper & affec- tions so publick, that no accident which happened could make any impression on him & his example kept others from taking anything ill, or at least seeming to do so. In a word, a brighter courage & a gentler disposition were never marryed together to make y® most cheerfull and innocent conversation. Vid. Earl of Clarendon's History of y® Rebellion. ^ " Robert, second son of warlike Rollo, first Duke of Normandy." This is an evident mistake, which has found its way into several genealogies of the family, e.g., when Moreri published in Paris his " Dictionuaire Historique," lA Lansdowne led him into the same blunder, by sending him this incorrect statement to insert. Burke, who no doubt copied from old Peerages, falls into the same error. In an old Peerage date 1714, contemporary with Lord Lansdowne, the pedigree is thus written : — " Rollo the first Duke of Noi mandy had two sons by Gillette daughter of Charles the Simple, King of France, viz., William the elder, called Longue Epee, and Robert, his second son, who was the first Earl of Corboil." This statement is clearly wrong in three respects. First, Rollo never had any children by Gillette. Secondly, Rollo had only one son by Popeia, viz.. William Longue Epee, and one daughter, Gerloc (see page 5). Thirdly, the first Earl of Corboil was Hamon (not Robert) son of Osmond, the Dane, -whose grand -daughter Germaine, married Mauger, the 3rd son of Richard Sans Peur, the ancestor of the Granville's, who became 3rd Earl of Corboil in right of his wife " (see page 15). Tke History of the Granville Family. 271 To the immortall memory of his renowned Grandfather, this monument was erected by y® Kight hon*"'^ George Lord Lansdowne, treasurer of y® Household to Queen Ann and one of Her Majesty's most honourable Privy Council &c. in the year of our Lord 1714. " Thus slain thy valiant ancestor did lye, When his one Bark a navy did defy ; When now encompassed round the Victor stood, And bathed his Pinnace in his conquering blood, Till, all his purple current dried and spent, He fell, and made the waves his monument. Where shall your next famed Granville's ashes stand ? Thy Grandsire's fill the seas, and thou the Land." This verse is taken from an Elegy " On the death of the Right Valiant Sir Bevyle Grenvyle, Knight, who was slain by the Eebels on Lansdown Hill, near Bath, July 5th, 1643," by Dr. Llewellyn, the Principal of St. Mary's Hall, Oxford, which was the tribute of honour with which that University graced his memory. Many others sang his praises, including Sir Francis Wortley, Eobert Heath, and William Cartwright. Of recent years his noble death has thus been recorded by the graceful pen of the late Rev. R. S. Hawker, Vicar of Morwenstow : — SIR BEVILL— THE GATE SONG OF STOWE. Arise and away ! for the King and the land ; Farewell to the couch and the pillow. With spear in the rest, and with rein in the hand. Let us rush on the foe like a billow. Call the hind from the plough and the herd from the fold. Bid the wassail er cease from his revel. And ride for Old Stowe, where the banker's unrolled For the cause of King Charles and Sir Bevill. Trevanion is up, and Godolphin is nigh, And Harris of Hayne's o'er the river. From Lundy to Loo " One and All " is the cry. And "the King and Sir Bevill for ever." Ay ! by Tre, Pol and Pen, ye may know Cornishmen Mid the names and the nobles of Devon ; But if truth to the King be a signal, why then Ye can find out the Granville in heaven. Ride ! ride with red spur ! there is death in delay, 'Tis a race for dear life with the devil ; If dark Cromwell prevail and the King must give way. This earth is no place for Sir Bevill. So at Stamford he fought and at Lansdowne he fell. But vain were the visions he cherished ; For the brave Cornish heart that the King loved so well In the heart of the Granville is perished. 272 The History of the Granville Family. A monument was erected in 1723 by George Lord Lansdowne, his grandson, upon the spot where Sir Bevill felL It is a stately stone pillar with four tablets, and on the top a griffin passant, the crest of the Granvilles. The tablet on the north side has the following inscription — " When now the incens'd rebel proudly came Down like a torrent without bank or dam, When undeserved success urg'd on their force That thunder must come down to stop their course, Or Granville must step in. There Granville stood, And with himself oppos'd and checkt the flood. Conquest or Death was all his thought — so fire Either o'ercomes or doth itself expire. His courage work't lilce Flames, cast heat about Here, there, on this, on that side ; none gave out Not any Pike in that Renowned Stand, But took new force from his inspired hand ; Souldier encouraged souldier, man urg'd man. And he urg'd all. So much example can. Hurt upon Hurt, Wound upon Wound did call He was the But, the Mark, the Aim of all. His soul, this while retir'd from cell to cell. At last flew up from all, and then he fell. But the devoted Stand, enraged more From that his Fate, ply'd hotter than before, And proud to fall with Him, sworn not to yield, Each sought an Honour'd grave, and gained the Field ; Thus he being fall'n, his Action fought anew And the Dead conquer'd whilst the Living flew." To the immortal memory of his renowned and his valiant Cornish friends who conquered dying in the Koyal Cause 5 July 1643. This column was dedicated by the Honourable George Granville Lord Lansdowne 1723. Dulce est pro Pair id mori. On the south tablet are inscribed Lord Clarendon's words : — " In this battle, on the Kings part were more Officers and Gentlemen of Quality slain than private men ; but that which would have clouded any victory was the death of Sir Bevill Granville. He was indeed an excellent person, whose activity interest and reputation were the foundation of what had been done in Cornwall ; his temper and affections so public, that no accident which happened would make any impression on him, and his example kept others from taking any thing ill or at least seeming so to do. In a word, a brighter courage and gentler disposition were never married together to make the most innocent and cheerful conversation." On the east side are the Royal Arms of England resting on the joint arms of George Monk, Duke of Albemarle and of John Granville, Earl of Bath (Sir Bevill's son) with military ornaments beneath, emblematic of the Restoration of King Charles IL ))y the efforts of those two noblemen. The History of the Granville Family. 27 B On the west side of the column are trophies of war emblematic of the actions of Charles Lord Lansdowne (after- wards 2nd Earl of Bath) in Hungary. The Granville arms l)orne on the Roman Eagle with inscription, and the date September 12th, 1683, being significant of Lord Lansdowne's creation as a Count of the Roman Empire on that day. This pillar was restored by Court Granville, Esq., of Calwich Abbey in 1827, and has since been repaired more than once, but it has somewhat fallen into decay owing to its exposed position. Mrs. Bray writing of a visit to Kilkhampton church in 1845, says — We observed on the walls above the arches in the nave and on the southern side the arms and qunrterings of the Granvilles, also what I suppose to have been the helmet of Sir llevill himself, as it has his crest on the top. I have no doubt the helmet was borne with its gauntlets on his coffin into the church at his funeral, and there left as a memorial of his prowess. Part of the hjlmet by modern barbarism had been painted white as well as the crest, the steel bars of the vizor, however, were left untoached. There was another helmet of a much earlier date opposite ; probably, as they were a valiant family, of some former Granville eminent in battle. The iron gauntlets of Sir Bevill remained one lying on either side of the rails of the altar, and one of them was placed on the alms' box. No doubt these were the very gauntlets that were on his hands when he was killed at Lansdown fight, and were brought hither on his coffin. They were well made and of the time of Charles the First, the fingers jointed like a lobster's back, the whole lined with stout leather in parts decayed. I put on one with great reverence. The backs of the seats near the altar in Kilkhampton church were on the North side composed of pieces of old carvings nailed together, that had, I conclude, been found in the church, but one long piece fixed and running along the top of the same must either have been taken from the altar or from Sir Bevill's house at Stow. It is of oak and forms one of the most exquisitely bold and raised pieces of carving that I have ever seen. I could put my fingers between and take hold of some of the stems and stalks of the flowers, and the wood is as hard as if but just cut.^ I asked a very poor woman, who showed us the church, in what part of it was the vault of the Granvilles. She pointed out the spot at the south of the chancel, and said it had been opened and examined about fifteen years ago, that it was formed of arches below the pavement, the steps to descend into it still lemained. There were six coffins in it all of the Granville family and Sir Bevill's among them. The cause of its being opened was that the church had sunk in that part and it was supposed to arise from some defect in the vault beneath. There are many portraits of Sir Bevill One is the well- known engraving by Fairthorne in Prince's " Worthies of Devon," Another in Lloyd's Worthies, and one by Dobson is in the fine collection at Petworth Park, where there is also a group described as " Sir Bevill Gienvile, Anne (Mary ?) St. 1 The carvings were doubtless by Michael Chuke who decorated Stowe House. He was accounted equal to Grindley Gibbons. 274 The History of the Granville Family. Leger (his grandmother), and John, Earl of Bath, his son, after Vandyck." The portraits of Sir Bevill and Lady Grace also hang at Haynes Park, Bedford, and at Wellesbourne Hall, Warwick. The Rev. W, W. Martyn, of Lifton, near Launceston, has also another of Sir Bevill, as well as an original picture of the second Stowe (built by Sir Bevill's son) and a sea piece with a large vessel in full sail, which is said to have come from Stowe. A miniature of Sir Bevill in a gold enamelled case, richly studded over with diamonds, emeralds, opals and rubies, and worn as a locket, is in the possession of the Chichesters, of Hall, near Barnstaple, into whose family it descended from Sir Bevill's daughter Elizabeth (the wife of Sir Peter Prideaux) as an heirloom. All these portraits represent him in armour, the complexion delicately fair — the hair, auburn and flowing, is separated over the forehead — the eyes are uncommonly piercing. He wears moustaches, and appears to be about forty years of age. They are evidently striking likenesses. SIR RICHARD GRANVILLE. "the king's general in the west." From an Original Portrait, by Cavalitro Mora, in the Wellesbourne Collection. CHAPTER XIII. We must now for a while follow the fortunes of Sir Bevill's brother Sir Richard Granville. After the conclusion of the Scottish expedition he had petitioned to have his case about his wife's property re-heard, vowing never to leave off petitioning till he had gained his will. Several of his petitions are preserved in the State Papers (Domestic). On Tuesday, 26th March, 1639, his wife, writing from London to her agent, says she "is glad to hear our business goes on so well in Devonshire, but here has been a huge stir about Sir R. The king had spoken to the Earl of Arundle to make Sir Richard a cornen " (colonel) ; the Earl told His Majesty " it could not be done with honour, Sir Richard having run out of his kingdom," and then put the king in mind of the Star Chamber decree " to which the king answered he had forgotten," so he was put by, but he is said to have gotten some one to make an offer to the king, that if he would assist him in un-doing the divorce, and getting back his wife's estate, then the Star Chamber fine should be raised on that estate. This she hears through Maine, her lawyer, and Porter (Endymion Porter ?), to whom Sir Richard had written to be his friend, but Porter sends word to Lady Mary that " since he knew it would displease her, he would be hanged at Court Gate before he would do her any injury." The king seems to have had some regard for Sir Richard, probably because he was a brave soldier and good officer, and such qualities were then especially valuable to him. Sir Richard had petitioned the king on the 28th October ; « this had been answered by two petitions, one from the Earl of Suffolk on the 4th November, the other from Lady Mary,, probably in the same month, in which she prays that she " may not be disturbed in her life and fortune so legally settled (by the High Commission Court), and alludes to Sir Richard's most false petition." He carried his case before the king's council, setting forth all his grievances in a long brief, in which he makes out that 276 The History of the Granville Family. the Earl of Suffolk owed him £12,656 to the 28th of November, 1639 (of State papers (Domestic), Vol. 443-80). A committee was appointed to hear Sir Richard's, among other causes, in December, 1 640, and so hopeful was he of success that he went down to Fitzford, turned out the caretakers, and installed his aunt, Mrs. Abbot, in the house, whereupon Lady Mary writes to her agent "in a very great dis- traction " on hearing of these proceedings. Sir Richard borrowed (8 Jan., 1640-41) £20 from Sir William Uvedale " being like to give his lady a great overthrow in Parliament." But before his case was brought to a conclusion the Irish rebellion broke out and he was given a command. The insurrection spread like a deluge over the whole country in such an inhuman, merciless manner, that forty or fifty thousand English protestants were massacred without distinction of age, sex, or quality before they suspected any danger, or could provide for their defence in towns or elsewhere The cruelties and barbarities were innumerable and incred- ible, and such as might melt the most obdurate hearts in the world, and never again, perhaps, till the story of the Cawnpore massacre set the nation's teeth, did such frenzy of revenge take possession of the English people. More and more troops were voted every week. Every tale, no matter how hideous or improbable, was greedily believed. It was necessary that something should be done at once. Lord Leicester was ordered to raise two regiments of foot and one of horse by voluntary enlistment ; and that the Parliament might keep a firm hand on the reins, it was further resolved that he should submit the list of officers he proposed to commission for the approval of the House. George Monk was named for lieutenant-colonel, and Henry Warren for major of Leicester's own regiment of foot, whilst Lords Lisle and Algernon Sydney (Lord Leicester's two sons) were nominated for the other, and Sir Richard Granville was given the command of the horse. These nominations were at once approved, and on 21st February, 1642, the troops landed in Dublin. From Carte's " Life and Letters of the Duke of Ormonde " Sir Richard appears at first to have gained the good opinion of the Lord-Lieutenant and to have behaved with great bravery. Thus on one occasion he was appointed with 900 foot and 200 horse to convoy provisions from Dublin to Athlone. In his march he was encountered by the rebels but forced his way The History of the Granville Family. 277 through all opposition to Mullingar, where he arrived 29 January 1643, and advanced the next day to Athlone where he delivered the provisions under his care to the Lord President. Having rested two or three days at Athlone, he set out with his army about the 5 th of February and having passed Mullingar was met on the 7th of that month by a body of the enemy at Eathconnel, in a place of great disadvantage to him. The rebels were 3,400 foot and six troops of horse but were defeated with the loss of 250 of their number killed and Colonel Anthony Preston, the General's eldest son with some others taken prisoners. Nor did his bravery escape the notice of the King, for in his answer to a petition, asking him to relieve the distresses of the Irish Army, the King writes expressing " the most touching grief at the distresses of such a body of noble, eminent, and well- deserving persons and for his own inability to give them present relief." He was persuaded most (if not all) of them knew wherein the obstruction to their relief came, and how much he was himself distressed by his rebellious subjects in England. Yet he would not omit any opportunity wherein he might either relieve his distressed Kingdom of Ireland and encourage and recompense such there as had deserved so eminently of him ; desiring the Marquis of Ormonde to return his thanks in particular to the Earl of Kildare, Sir Fulk Huncks, Colonel Gibson and Sir R. Grenville for their respective great services and singular respect to him and his government, and to assure them of his Poyal favour and regard in whatsoever might tend to their advantage." Unfortunately there was a difference of opinion as to the manner in which the rebels should be dealt with. Some were for pursuing all advantages against them in the field ; others for gaining them over by treaties and accommodations. Lord Leicester was said to encourage the first ; Lord Ormonde, the Lord-Lieutenant and Commander-in Chief, the latter. Sir Richard and Colonel Monk, as his rank now was, were devoted to the Earl of Leicester (indeed Monk was some relation of his), and both had served under his command in the Low Countries. They felt it was one of those cases in which severity becomes necessary justice. Sir Richard has been accused by Archdeacon Echard, in his " History of the Rebellion," of great cruelty in his conduct of putting down the insurrection, e.g., "hanging men who were bed-rid because they would not discover where their money was 278 TJie History of the Granville Family. that he believed they had, and old women, some of quality, after he had plundered them and found less than he expected." Innumerable inventions of English and Irish barbarities were published on both sides, too outrageous to be implicitly believed. The extravagant exaggerations of parties exasperated against one another, especially where religion is concerned, are never to be literally credited. But beyond all doubt, in fire and blood the wretched Irish had to do penance for their outburst of savagery, to which they had been goaded by Strafford's imperious rule. Sir Richard and Monk took no pains to conceal their feelings against the policy of the Duke of Ormonde, and expressed themselves so strongly, that their words were reported by the Duke to the King, who ordered their immediate return. On landing at Liverpool Monk went straight to the King and threw himself at his feet, and was immediately restored to a regiment, but Sir Richard, to whom great arrears were due for his services in Ireland, reflecting that the King was somewhat short of money, whilst the Parliament had plenty, and that he had received his commission from Parliament, rode straight to London, and demanded his arrears from the House of Oommons. He was graciously welcomed, and received the thanks of Parliament by the mouth of the Speaker for his services, and no temptation was omitted that they might engage him in their service. His reputation as an officer, and the credit of his name and family in the West, made it worth their while. He took the hint, and dexterously flattered their hopes till he had obtained all he could desire to enable him to execute his secret design. " He openly before the House of Commons, as a further testimony of his real affection to the Parliament, made a serious protest, how that he would never take up arms against, but for the Parliament, and die in the defence of them with his last drop of blood." (A Perfect Diurnal, Sep. 28th, Oct. 2nd 1643. King's Pamphlets B.M. large 4to vol. X.) His arrears were paid, they gave him a commission of Major-General of their Horse, and a regiment, with power to name his own officers, whom he did not fail to choose out of the most trusty of his friends and dependants. "0 credulous Parliament! If Sir Richard Granville was indeed a Red Fox, what were the sagacious ones who harkened to him?" (Lilly's Almanack 1645. Mercurius Britt. No. 42, 1644.) Sir William Waller communicated to him all his Tlie History of the Granville Family. 279 designs, as to an entire friend, and an officer of that eminence, by whose advice he meant to govern his own conduct. His first and principal design was to surprise Basing House, the seat of the Marquess of Winchester, with the connivance of Lord Charles Paulet, the Marquess's brother, who had the custody of the place, and for the better execution of this. Sir Eichard was to be sent before with his Horse, that all things might be well disposed and prepared against the time when Waller himself should come to him. Having received from Parliament a considerable sum of money for his equipage, " in which," says Lord Clarendon, " he always affected more than ordinary lustre," he set out from London on March 2nd with his regiment, himself travelling in a coach drawn by six horses accompanied by other stately appointments, amidst the plaudits and blessings of the citizens. His banner was carried in front, a map of England and Wales on a crimson ground, with " England bleeding," in great gold letters across the top. (Sloane MSS. 5247 fo. 72, B.M.) At Bagshot a halt was called. Sir Richard harangued his officers and men, setting forth the sinfulness of fighting against their anointed King, and concluded by inviting them to follow him to Oxford, to fight for the King instead of against him. All the officers cheerfully assented, and, followed by most of his soldiers, Sir Richard went straight to Oxford, and presented himself to the King with a well-equipped troop and with news of the intended treachery at Basing House, which, thanks to his timely warning, was saved. The duped and deceived Parliament hurled thunders at the deceiver's head. Proclamation was made declaring him "a Turke, Infidell or limme of the Devill," " traytor, rogue, villain and skellum." This latter word, according to " Bibliotheca Devoniensis," p. 76, was derived from the German ' Schelme,' and means a scoundrel. Burns has the term in his Tam O'Shanter. " She tauld thee weel thou wast a skellum." According to Rider Haggard, who uses the word in his novel " Jess," it is still in vogue in Dutch South Africa, and means a vicious beast. The epithet was deemed so suitable, that Sir Richard was ever afterwards known as " Skellum Grenville." He was hung in effigy in the Palace Yard, Westminster, and " over against" the old, Exchange (Mercurius Britt., No. 45) and it is to his treachery that William Lilly the astrologer, refers when he says " Have we another Red Fox like Sir R. G. acting 280 The History of the Granville Family. his close devotions to do our army mischief ? Let's be wary ! " (Almanack of 1645.) There was a good deal of changing sides during the war, but there had been nothing as yet parallel to this, except the desertion of Sir Faithful Fortescue, who had gone over with his troops from the Parliamentary to the Eoyalist army in the midst of the battle of Edgehill. The same excuse has been made for both, that they were Royalists at heart, but having been employed by Parliament before any disruption was thought of, only awaited the best opportunity for their own personal interests of declaring their real sentiments. Yet this scarcely justifies Sir Richard's gross deception, nor even does his vindicator. Lord Lansdowne, attempt to do so, but remarks, " all that can be said for it is that it was putting the old soldier upon a pack of knaves, and biting the biter." The king received him with some favour, though he did not immediately give him a command in his army. But he gave what Sir Richard desired much more, namely, all his wife's estates in Devonshire, on the ground that her continued residence in London made her a rebel. Not much time was lost by Sir Richard on his journey west- ward. Exactly a fortnight after he left London with his parliamentary troops he arrived at Tavistock with powers from the King to take possession of all his wife's estates. His first action was to revenge himself on Cutteford, her agent, for his continued opposition to his " felonious little plans " A Royalist army, under Prince Maurice, was at this time quartered at Tavistock. From him Sir Richard obtained a warrant addressed to " The Provost Marshall Generall, his Deputy or Deputys, together with any of his Majestyes officers or loving subjects. For as much as George Cutteford of Walraddon in the county of Devon, gent, hath received great somes of money of Sir Richard Grenevyle's tenants without giveinge any account to Sir Richard Grenevyle for the same. These are to authorize and require you to remit to safe custodye the person of the said George Cutteford untill he shall satisfy e Sir Richard Grenevyle's just demands ; hereof you are not to fail at your perill. Given at Tavistock e under my hand and scale at Armes this XVP of March 1643. Maurice — " Armed with this warrant Sir Richard delivered poor " Honest Guts " (as Lady Mary was wont familiarly to call him) The History of the Granville Family. 281 to the custody of the Provost Marshal General ; entered Wal- reddon, Cutteford's house, took and detained the corn, cattle, sheep, and household goods to the value of £500, caused his wife to be imprisoned, and would have imprisoned his son George also, but that he could not find him (cf. Cutteford's statement at the trial at the Chapter House at Exeter, 7 Nov. 1644). After being six months in prison Cutteford petitioned the King for a hearing, and expressly begged that Sir Eichard might be ordered to " prosecute noe further " against his son, against whom the only thing Sir Richard could object was " that he lived in the house with his mother while Essex's forces were in these parts, which allegation is most untrue, or if it had been true, your petitioner hopeth it doth not deserve imprisonment." He specially begged that his son might be left in peace " that he, the petitioner, might be the better inabled to provide himself for a hearing by getting his writings and evidences, which none but your petitioner and his son can produce, they being hidden away for feare of the Parliament's forces." This latter sentence is particularly interesting, inasmuch as a small secret chamber has recently been discovered at Wal- reddon, containing chicken bones, etc., probably the very place where young George was hidden away with the precious papers. The siege of Plymouth by the Royalists under Lord Digby had commenced the previous autumn, not without great difiiculties in the way of the besiegers, one of which is shewn in the record that the cavaliers threatened to hang all those who would not join their forces. Sir Richard at once volun- teered his assistance. Lord Clarendon here relates what he considers an act of unnecessary cruelty on Sir Richard's part. " One day he made a visit from his house (Fitzford) which he called his own, to the Colonel and dined with him, and the Colonel civilly sent half a dozen troopers to wait on him home, lest any of the garrison in their usual excursions might meet with him. On his return home he saw four or five fellows coming out of a neighbour's wood with burthens of wood upon their backs which they had stolen. He bid the troopers fetch these fellows to him, and finding that they were soldiers of the garrison, he made one of them hang all the rest, which to save his life he was contented to do : so strong his appetite was to those executions he had been accustomed to in Ireland, without 282 The History of the Granville Family. any kind of commission or pretence of authority." And in " A continuation of the True Natrative of the Most Observable Passages in and about Plymouth from January 26th 1643," is the following : " We have omitted one barbarous act of Sir Eichard Green vill (that Runnagado) committed the week before. "Who having taken two of our souldiers going out into the country, inforced one to hang the other presently at the next tree they came to, the cavaliers dispatching the survivor, Skellum Green vill sitting on his horse beholding the spectacle." But an incident had occurred during the blockade of Plymouth which may somewhat account for this severe treat- ment of his prisoners. The governor of Plymouth was Lord Roberts, whom I^ord Clarendon describes as of a sour, surly nature. It happened in some skirmish, where prisoners were taken on both sides, that a young gentleman about sixteen years of age, near kinsman to Sir Richard and of his own name,^ fell into the enemy's hands. Sir Richard by a civil message claimed him as his kinsman, offering any terms by ransom or exchange. Lord Roberts ordered the poor boy to be hanged up at the gate of the town, in sight of the messenger, without any other reply. "After an execution so cruel," (adds Lord Lansdowne, who quotes the story in his " Vindication of Sir Richard") " so inhuman and of so exasperating a nature, what could follow but the utmost returns of vengeance." Shortly after, upon a sally made with horse and foot from the town. Lord Digby was severely wounded with a rapier in the eye, and Sir Richard was placed in command by Prince Maurice, at the earnest request of Sir John Berkeley. It was before this same Sir John Berkeley and four other judges that the unfortunate George Cutteford succeeded on November 7th in getting his case heard. Sir Richard was too occupied to attend ; he probably felt safe in the judges' hands. After reading Sir Richard's letter in which he accused Cutteford of " having sent moneys to London to the Lady Grenville, who had ayded and assisted the Rebels there " and hearing Cutteford's answer " The commissioners doe conceive that the said Mr. Cutteford should give satisfaction to Sir Richard Grenville for all his cattell taken away by Cutteford, his wife or children, also that he should account for the rent of Walriddon since September ' Probably a descendant of Digory Granville, o£ Penheale, cf. p. 73. Others suppose this •was an illegitimate son of Sir Richard, and the Puritan newspapers of the day euphuistioally describe him as '■ a whelp" or " spawn of Skellum Green vils." The History of the Granville Family. 283 1641 after the rate of 30" per annum : for Prince Hall at 40s per annum ; for the tenement of Whitchurch at 1 6s and for a tenement in Meldon at 34s since the death of the widow Rad- ford unto this daye, and all rents etc. received of any of the tenants of the said Sir Richard Grenville since November 1641 deducting all such high rents, weekly rents and other payments as hee hath bona fide payed to the Lady Grenville betweene November 1641 and the King's Proclamation, being about November 1642, and all interest for debts incurred for Lady Grenville before November 1641." Sir Richard to restore to Mr. Cutteford possession of Walreddon, on Cutteford's giving Sir Richard " a true copy of the lease thereof; the Cattell, corn, horses, household stuff, etc. to be restored to Cutteford. He to be sett at liberty, and with his wife and children to continue so." Because there were cross claims and witnesses " John Short of Ashwater, the elder, Gent, and John Edgcombe of Tavistocke, Gent, were appointed to hear witnesses, etc." The petitions of Mr. George Howard and Mrs. Mary Howard had been sent by the King to the said Commissioners, who hearing from Cutteford that "it was true as alledged in their petitions that Mr. George Howard received 40 li, and Mistress Mary 60 li from their mother for their maintenance," upon consideration of the distracted times, whereby the revenues of the said estates are much lessened, they the said Commissioners doe thinke fitt and desire Sir Richard Grenvile to allow unto the said Mr. George Howard 26 li per annum, and unto the said Mistress Mary Howard 40 li, the first payment thereof to beginne from our Lady -Day last." Another instance of Sir Richards vindictive character is given by Lord Clarendon. " Shortly after Sir Richard had assumed the command of the blockade of Plymouth upon the wound of Lord Digby, one Braband an attorney-at-law, who had heretofore solicited the great suit against Sir Richard in the Star Chamber, on the behalf of his wife and the Earl of Sufiblk, living in those parts, and having always very honestly behaved himself towards the King's estate and service, knowing it seems, the nature of Sir Richard, resolved not to venture himself within the precints where he commanded, and therefore intended to go to some more secure quarter, but was taken in his journey, having a mountero on his head. Sir Richard had laid wait to apprehend him. He had likewise concealed his name, but being now brought before Sir Richard was imme- diately by Sir Richard's own direction and without any council of war, because, he said, he was disguised, hanged as a spy, which 284 The History of the Granville Family. seemed so strange and incredible, that one of the council asked whether it was true, and he answered very unconcernedly, Yes, he had hanged him for he was a traitor and against the King ; and he said he knew the country talked that he hanged him for revenge, because he had solicited a cause against him, but that was not the cause, though having played the knave with him, he said smiling, he was consent to find a just occasion to punish him." On the 1 6th of April, the Royalist forces under Sir Richard Granville, numbering near 500, appeared before Plymouth, but were signally defeated by Colonel Martin, Governor of the town, in an engagement at St. Budeaux. Three days later they again returned to the attack, but met with no better success, and two days afterwards they " fled like hares " before a sally and lost sixteen foot, arms, one drum, five hogs, and five cows. According to "A Narrative of the Siege," bearing date May 10 1644, among the pieces of intelligence that reached the besieged were the following respecting Sir Richard's doings :—" First, we are informed that Skellum Grenville builds very much on Fitzford ; (i hope castles in the air, or houses without foundation) and boasts of having Plymouth speedily, but garrison and Plymouth will not believe him." " Second ; that the said renegade Grenville hath seized on the Lord Bedford's estate, and Master Courtenay's estate, and sent him prisoner to Exon, making hivoc of his goods and corn." Failing to carry the siege Sir Richard wrote the following letter to Colonel Gold the Governor of Plymouth " together with the ofiicers and souldiers now at the Fort and Towne of Plimouth, these": — Gentlemen That it may not seem strange nnto you, to understand of my being ingaged in his Majestie's service to come against Plimouth as an enemy, I shall let you truely know the occasion thereof. It is very true that I came from Ireland with a desire and intention to look after my own particular fortune in England, and not to ingage myself in any kind in the unhappy difference betwixt the King and the pretended Parliament now at London. But chancing to land at Liverpool, the Parliaments forces there brought me to London where I must confesse I receaved from both the pretended houses of Parliament great tokens of favour and also importunate motions to ingage me to serve them, which I civilly refused. Afterwards divers honourable persons of the pretended Parliament importuned me to undertake their service for the Government and Defence of Plimouth, unto which my answer was that it was fit (before I ingaged my selfe) I should understand what meanes they could and would allow and provide for the effectuall performance of that service. Upon that a Committee appointed for the West, thought fit with all speede to send a present reliefe of men and munition to Plimouth which w**^ very great difficulty was brought thither, being tlie last you had. Afterwards there were The History of the Granville Family. 285 many meetings more of that Committee to provide the meanes that should give Plimouth reliefe and enable it to defend itself j and notwithstanding the earnest desires and endeavours of that Committee accordingly, I protest before God, after six months' expectation and attendance on that Committee by me, I found no hopes or like yhood of but reasonable means for the reliefe and defence of Plimouth which made me account a lost Town and the rather because I, being by Commission Lieut- Generall to Sir William Waller, had an ordnance of the Parliament for the raising of 500 horse for my Eegiment at the charges of Kent Surry Sussex and Hampshire who in 3 moneths time had not raised 4 Troopes, and my own Troope, when I left them, having 2 moneth's pay due to them, could get but one month, for which extraordinary means was used, being a favour none else could attain, it being very true that the Parliament's forces have all been unpaid for many moneths in such sort that they are grown weak both in men and monies and by only good words kept their forces from disbanding. The processe of so long time spent at London made me and many others plainly see the iniquity of their Policy, for I found Religion was the cloake for Rebellion, and it seemed not strange to me, when I found the Protestant Religion was infected with so many independants and sectaries of infinite kinds, which would not heare of a peace but such as would be in some kind as pernicious as was the warre. The Priviledges of this Parliament I found was not to be bound by any of the former, but to lay them aside and alter them as they advantaged their party. This seemed so odious to me that I resolved to lay my selfe, as I have done, at his Maj: feete from whence and his most just cause no fortune, terrour, or cruelty shall make me swerve in any kind. And to let you see also what hath formerly past I have sent you these inclosed. Now for a farwell. I must wish and advise you out of the true and faithfull love and affection I am bound to beare toward mine own country that you speedily consider your great charges, losses and future dangers by making and holding yourselves enemies to his Majesty who doth more tru'y desire your welfare and safety then it seems you doe your selves ; wherefore, (as yet my friends), I desire you to resolve speedily of your Propositions for peace, by which you may soone injoy your liberties contents and estates ; but on the contrary, the contrary which with a sad heart I speake, you will very soon see the effect of. Thus my affection urgeth me to impart unto you out of the great desire I have, rather to regaine my lost old friends by love than by force to subject them to ruine and in that consideration I must thus conclude Your loving friend Fitzford 18 Rich: Grenvile, Martii 1643, The enclosure m Sir Eichard's letter was a book entitled " The Iniquity of the Covenant," which was burnt, by order of the Council of War, by the common hangman, and the following is the contemptuous answer sent by the Commanders of the Garrison to his letter : — Sir, Though your letter mereting the highest contempt and scorn, which once we thought fit by our silence (judging it unworthy of our answer) to have testified ; yet considering that yourself intend to make it publick, we ofi"er you these lines that the world may see what esteem we have of the man, notorious 286 The History of the Granville Family. for apostacy and treachery, and that we are ready to dispute the justice and equity of our cause in any lawful way, whereto the enemy shall at any time challenge us. You might well have spared the giving us an account of your dissimulation with the Parliament, we were soon satisfied, and our wonder is not so great that you are now gone from us, as at first when we understood of your engagements to us, and to tell you truth, it pleased us not so well to hear yoii were named to be governor of this place, as it now doth to hear you are in arms against us, accounting ourselves safer l,o have you an enemy abroad, than a pretended friend at home, being persuaded that your principels could not afford cordial endeavours for an honest cause. You tell us of the pretended Houses of Parliament in London — a thread- bare scandal suck't from Aulicus, whose reward a bp. blessing you may chance to be honoured with for your court service, and how they make religion the cloak of rebellion, a garment which we are confident your rebellion will never be clad with ; you advise us to consider the great charges we have been at, and the future charges we run ourselves into by make our- selves enemies to his majesty who more desires our good than we ourselves, and thence would have us propose conditions for peace. That we have been at great charges already we are sufficiently sensible, and yet resolve that it shall not in any way lessen our affections to that cause, with which God has honoured us, by making us instruments to plead it against the nation's adversaries. If the King be our enemj^, yet Oxford cannot prove that we have made him so. That His Majesty desires our welfare, we can easily admit, as well as that his mischievous counsellors so near him, who render him so cruel to his most faithful subjects, and as for proposing conditions for peace, we shall more gladly do it, when it may advance the public service, but to do it to the enemies of peace, though we have been thereto formally invited, yet hath it pleased the Disposer of all things to preserve us from the necessity of it, and to support us against the fury of the enraged enemy. The same God is still our rock and refuge under whose wings we doubt not of protection and safety, when the seducers of the King shall die like a candle, and that the name, which by such courses is sought to be perpetual in honour shall end in ignominy. For the want of money to pay the Parliament Soldiers, though it would not be such as you would persuade us, yet certain we are, their treasury had now been greater, and honest men better satisfied, but that as some unfaithful as yourself, have gone before you in betraying them both of their trust and riches : where-as you remind us of the lost condition of our own town, sure it cannot be you should be so truly persuaded of it, as they are of your personal, who subscribe themselves and so remain Friends to the Faithful. In July the Eoyalists again marched on Plymouth and were ao'ain repulsed, and soon after Prince Maurice made another attempt, but meeting with no better success left Sir Eichard to continue the blockade, which he did till the approach of Lord Essex with a large army compelled him, in order to avoid being between two fires, to retreat into Cornwall with his troops. Essex took up his quarters at Tavistock, and from thence, with his own regiment and another, marched against " Skellum Greenvile's " house at Tavistock — ( The Scottish Dove, No. 42, The History of the Granville Family. 287 26th of July to 2nd of August). They were resisted on the way by some forces that lined the hedges, " which after some dispute they passed" [John Near' s Magnolia Dei Anglicana iii. 297) and after the salute of some great shot on the house on Tuesday 23rd of July they desired parley, and on Wednesday morning hung out their white flag ; but the soldiers had not patience to treat, but got over the walls and entered the house. The souldiers within called for quarter, but they would not promise it to them, so the enemy threw down their arms, and committed themselves to the Lord Generall's mercy. His souldiers told them " if they were all English they should have mercy, but not if there were any Irish." There was about six score in the house ; three score have taken the covenant ; the rest not so willing, and are still prisoners. " There was in the house very good pillage," " excellent pillage for the souldiers," says Vicars, " even at least 3,000 pound in money and plate, and other provisions in great quantity. . . Two Canon, and there was a roome full of excellent new muskets and many pair of Pistolls, as good as can be bought for money." The newspapers were full of the capture of Fitzford. They rang changes in Essex's valour, and the discomfiture of the " State Apostate," the " most impious and impudent rotten-hearted Apostate Skellum Greenvile ' the Runagado ' " who " flies from Westminster as from the gallowes." Essex himself writes to the Council from Tavistock on the 26th of July. — [Mercurius Britannicus, Vicars, p. 96. Scottish Dove, No." 42. S.P. Dom, vol. lii ) While this was going on Sir Richard abandoned his works before Plymouth, and passed into Cornwall by Saltash. The Earl of Essex continued his march on the 26th, advancing to the Tamar at two points, viz., Newbridge and Horsebridge. At the former place Sir Richard Granville's force, consisting of three regiments of Foot — Colonel Acland's, Colonel Fortescue's, and Colonel Carew's — was in position to dispute the passage. A "hot encounter" ensued in which the Parliamentarians lost about fifty men, but they finally carried the bridge, and entering Cornwall seized Launceston, the shire town, where they took divers barrels of powder." — (c f. RushwortKs Collections, V. 691, Whttelock's Memorials, ed. 1682, p. 92.) Sir Richard fell back upon Truro, and in a letter to his nephew, John Granville, dated Truro 29 July, he writes, " We have here made a stand with our forces and the garrisons of Saltash and Milbroke and others considerable have come up and added to our former, and we hope well." 288 TJie History of the Granville Family. His Horse was also augmented by an additional hundred, under the command of Captain Edward Brett, being the Queen's escort which were left behind when her Majesty embarked from Pendennis Castle for France, so that he was now 8,000 strong. Essex had been assured by the Western men that he should want no victuals in Cornwall, and that a great part of the country stood well affected. This he soon found to be an utter delusion. The county had almost unanimously risen for the King, who was already in pursuit, and had reached the Devonshire side of the Tamar. On the 31st of July the King received a message from Sir Eichard urging his Majesty to hasten towards the West. The King dismissed the messenger with the reply that he was "coming with all possible speed, with an army of 10,000 Foot and 5,000 Horse and 28 pieces of cannon" — and the next day crossed Poison Bridge, and passing through Launceston, which Essex had vacated five days previously, came to Liskeard and Lostwithiel, and took up his head-quarters at Boconnoc, Lord Mohim's house, where he awaited the arrival of Sir Eichard, to whom orders had been sent to occupy Grampound, in order that the Parliamentary army might be cut off between the two forces from all chance of living upon the country. Sir Eichard in his march from Truro fell upon a party of Lord Essex's Horse near Bodmin, and killed many and took many others prisoners, and was able to join the King Sunday 11th August, and to give his Majesty a good account of his proceedings, and in particular of his forces, although Lord Clarendon, with his usual spleen against Sir Eichard, endeavours to underrate them. Essex, fearing to be assailed at a distance from the sea, marched from Bodmin to Lostwithiel, where he called lustily upon Parliament for provisions for his hungry soldiers, and above all insisted that Waller should be despatched to effect a diversion in his favour by attacking the King's army in the rear. (The Kingdom's Weekly Intelligencer, E 4. 20. Essex to the Com. of B.K., Aug. 4th, Com. letter book. Walkers Hist. Discourses, 51.) " At Lostwithiel " fas Lord Clarendon quaintly puts it) " he had the good town of Fowey and the sea to friend, by which he might reasonably assure himself of a great store of provision, the Parliament ships having all the jurisdiction there" and where, if he preserved his post, which was so situated that he could not be compelled to fight without giving him great advantage, he might well conclude that " Waller, or some other The History of the Granville Family. 289 force sent from the Parliament would be shortly upon the King's back, as His Majesty was upon his." In this hope he refused all overtures to treat, saying he had no authority from the Houses to do so ; and the month of August was occupied for the most part with skirmishing. But at length it was resolved by the Royalists to make his quarters still straiter, and to cut off his provisions by sea, or at least a good part of them. Accordingly Sir Richard drew his men from Bodmin, and occupied Lanhydrock, Lord Robert's fortified mansion, two miles west of Boconnoc, and finding Respryn Bridge over the Fowey river unguarded, seized it, so that there was now free communication for the Royalists across the Fowey river from east to west, and at the same time Sir Jacob Astley, with a good party of Horse and Foot, made himself master of Hall, another house belonging to Lord Mohun^ and of Polman Fort, a mile below it, at the mouth of the Haven, so that it would be difficult, if not impossible, for vessels with supplies to enter. Essex was therefore obliged to content himself with such provisions for his men as had already been landed, and tO' support his horses for a time on the scanty forage which was still to be found in the fields round the head of Tywardreath Bay, with the addition of a few boatloads of necessaries that might be landed on the open beach. For a week oc ten days no action beyond certain skirmishes was taken, but at last Lord Essex, finding his provisions failing, and despairing of help from the Parliament, determined to break through with his whole body of Horse and to save the best he could. Although the Royalists had secret information of his intention. Lord Essex, under the cover of a dark and misty night, managed to effect his purpose, and the Horse escaped to Plymouth with very trifling loss. The next day withdrawing his infantry from Lostwithiel^ Essex fell back upon Fowey, where he hoped to await the arrival of the expected transports. A smart engagement took place at Broadoak Down, near Boconnoc, in which he was defeated, and the following day being Sunday, the first of September, he sent to the King desiring a parley, but himself escaped " with Lord Roberts and such other officers as he had most kindness for " and, embarking in a small vessel at Fowey, sailed for Plymouth. Major-General Skippon was left behind to make the best conditions he could. 0^ 290 The History of the Granville Family. A cessation was accordingly concluded, and hostages inter* changeably delivered. • Skippon " delivered up 38 pieces of cannon, 100 barrels of powder, with match and bullets proportionable, and about 6,000 armes," The officers were to have liberty " to wear their swords, a.nd to pass out with their own money and proper goods, and, in order to secure them from plunder, they were to have a convoy to Poole or Southampton ; all their sick might stay in Fowey till they were recovered,and then have passes to Plymouth." Sir Richard had meanwhile been sent with the Cornish Horse and Foot towards Plymouth, in order to join Lord Goring in pursuit of the Horse which had escaped, and which " writes Lord Clarendon, " by passing over the bridge near Saltash they might easily have done, but Sir Richard slackened his march that he might possess Saltash, which the enemy had quitted, and left them eleven pieces of cannon with some armes and ammunition : which together with the town, was not worth his unwarrantable stay." This kept him from joining with Goring, who thereby, and for want of the Foot, excused his not fighting the Horse. The King now commissioned Sir Richard to command all the forces of Cornwall and Devon. He became (as he was proud of calling himself) " The King's General in the West," a title which was engraved on his tombstone at Ghent years afterwards, and he received his Majesty's orders to blockade Plymouth, and to resist and suppress all rebellious persons in the two counties. The King left him only 300 Foot and no Horse with which to blockade Plymouth, which had then in it about 5000 Foot and Horse. On " Thursday, September 5th, he sent, by the King's appointment, a trumpet in his Majesty's name to Plymouth, to render the town." " Friday 6th. The trumpeter returned with this answer (but first abused and imprisoned) that they would send an answer by one of their drummers." " Satterday 15th. Between 6 and 7 of the morning His Majesties army, etc., with drumsbeating andcolors flying, marched off, leaving the siege (oi Plymouth were they had arrived on the 10th). But Sir Richard Grenville with 30 or 40 Cornish, is appointed to lye at Plj-mton and make workes to stopp them from foraging into the country." (Symond's Diary, pp. 78-82.) The following letter was written by Sir Richard to Mr. Edward Waller, Secretary of the Council of War to His Majesty, from Plympton, on the 19th. (Brit. Museum, Add MS, 15750 fol. 20.) The History of the Granville Family. 291 SIR RICHARD GRENVILE TO EDWARD WALKER. Haveing pass'd these two days in debate with the Coraiss" of Cornewall for the raysing of a guard for His Ma''*^ Person, and for the recruiting of o"^ Regiments, The Country brings in unto vs theyr just request that wee would recomend theyr sad complaints unto His Ma*'*^ That theyr Oxen and horses haue beene Impress'd for his Ma''^^ service for ye draught of the Artillery, and noe Assurance has been given them of the returne of their stuff againe. S'' I therefore in the country's behalfe desire to certify you, y' vnlesa these Cattle bee sent backe without impaire, many of theyr Owners (whose whole estates depend uppon theyr Ploughs) will suffer in an utter undoeing ; and most of o"^ countrymen will be at least discouraged, yf not disabled for any future assistance to his Ma*'®^ service in y* kind ; And (which will tend much to the disadvantage of y* service wherein His Ma*'^ hath entrusted mee) I shall hardly hereafter bee furnished with a Plough for y^ draught of o"^ Amunition, or provision, uppon any necessity w'soeuer. S'', my request therefore is, that you would giue knowledge to his Ma*'® of this o"^ countrymen's just and humble suit. That theyr Ploughs may bee seasonably and safely sent backe ; and that the country through which his Ma*''^ dos march, is farre better furnished with Ploughs and Carts than these Westerne parts, and y' by Impressing of fresh cattle and horses (those of o' countrymen haueing been much tyred out by the Employm*^^ of soe many Army's in ye West) his Ma*'"^ March will by farre more speed and convenience bee advanced. S*", I shall request you to cause an Order to Ishue forth to this effect, that all such cattle and carriages may bee sent backe, and in soe doeing you will much oblige Y"^ Humble Servant Ry Grenvile Plympton this 19th of Septem*"^ 1644 (addressed) To my Honoured ffreind M"^ Ed. Walker Secref^ of the Councell of Warre to His Ma"« these p§ent (endorsed) S"^ Rich. Green[ulile] Ser. Sir Richard was richly rewarded by the King for the skill and valour he had displayed in this short campaign. We may dismiss as incorrect Whitelock's assertion that he was created Baron Lostwithiel, but it is probably true that (as Lord Clarendon states) he was granted the sequestration of all the Duke of Bedford's estates, as well as those of Sir Francis Drake at Werrington and Buckland Monachorum, at which latter place he chiefly resided and conducted from thence the siege of Plymouth. 292 The History of the Granville Family. Buckland Abbey, it will be remembered, had been tbe property of his illustrious grandsire, the great Sir Eichard of the " Eevenge," who sold it to the Drakes in 1580. Sir Richard fortified the Abbey, and held it until after the capture of Dartmouth, when his garrison quitted it, and Sir Francis Drake recovered possession. Sir Eichard had also Lord Eoberts' estate in Cornwall assigned to him. AW these properties, together with his wife's, lie enjoyed by the sequestration granted from the King, and " of which," writes Lord Clarendon with his usual acerbity, " he made a greater revenue than ever the owners did in time of peace ; for that besides he suffered no part of these estates to pay contribution (whereby the tenants very willingly paid their full rents) he kept very much ground about the houses in his own hands, which he stocked with such cattle as he took from delinquents." " For though he suffered not his soldiers to plunder, yet he was in truth the greatest plunderer of this war, so that he had a greater stock of cattle of all sorts upon his grounds than any person in the West of England. Besides this, the ordering of delinquents' estates in those parts being before that time not so well looked into, by virtue of these sequestrations, he seized upon all the stock upon the grounds, upon all the furniture in the several houses, and compelled the tenants to pay him all the rents due from the beginning of the rebellion. By these means he had not only a vast stock, but he received great sums of money, and had such great stores of good household stuff as would furnish well all those houses he looked upon as his own." As an instance of his high-handed proceeding, the following, taken from Mr. Cotton's "Barnstaple during the Civil War" may be quoted : — " A rumour having been set afoot that the Earl of Bath had come in to his Excellence the Earl of Essex, Sir Eichard, on the mere suspicion of the Earl's insincerity, and although the Bouchier and Granville families had been on terms of the greatest intimacy, at once sent Captain Edward Eoscorrock to Tawstock House with a warrant, which alleging that divers officers of His Majesty's army had lost their horses by hard duty ; that the Earl of Bath had forty or fifty horses and men ; that neither he nor any of them had appeared at the Posse ; that he had not given any advice or encouragement by letter or otherwise ; and, worst of all that as he (Sir E. Granville) was informed he had protection from the Earl of Essex, authorised him, the said Eoscorrock, to search for and take six Tlie History of the Granville Family. 293 of the Earl of Bath's horses, whereof a grey horse called ' York ' is especially named," The morose Earl was no soldier, which may account for these shortcomings, if true ; but he was not the one to submit tamely to the indignity ; he therefore complained directly to the King. Sir Richard, called upon to explain, excused himself, and sub- mitted whether it was not with sufficient reason he had acted ? Nothing could have been more graceful than the soothing letter which thereupon Lord Digby, on the part of the King, wrote to the incensed Earl. " The King would be very sensible of any disrespect offered to one of his (the Earl of Bath's) quality, and asks him not to press the matter, and not take too much to heart the roughness of a soldier." The sequel is not revealed, but it may probably be inferred that the much-coveted "York" was returned to his stable at Tawstock. Sir Richard in addition to his other honours was made Sheriff of Devon this year, a position which he apparently utilized to the utmost in order to prosecute his exactions. All this time the blockade of Plymouth continued. Sir Richard had in a short time increased his small army of 300 Eoot which the King had left him to above 5,000 Foot and 1,000 Horse by means of the Posse Comitatus which as Sheriff he was empowered to raise, and (according to his own account in his " Narrative of the Proceedings of his Majesty's affaires in the West of England since the defeat of the Earl of Essex at Lostwithiel in Cornwall A.D. 1645," published amongst the Duke of Ormonde's Papers in Cartes' Letters 196) "did so necessitate the Plimouth forces by a strict blockeeriny, that the enemies horse were almost all starved and lost, and their foot grown almost to desperation in such sort that if the said Army • had then been suffered to remain but two months longer before that town, very probably Plimouth had been thereby reduced into obedience to his Majesty." But Sir Richard's commission was evidently a source of envy to Sir John Berkeley and others in command of the Royalists troops at Exeter. In February, Sir Richard had received infor- mation that they were doing their utmost to procure his removal from before Plymouth to some pretended greater employment elsewhere. At the end of March Sir William Waller was in the West. The Prince and Lord Goring were endeavouring to reduce Taunton, but within three or four days before the design was 294 The History of the Granville Family. ready for execution, it was reported that Waller was advancing with a strong force to its relief. Thereupon the attempt was stopped until more troops arrived, and Sir John Berkeley was summarily called on by Goring to send him in as many men as he could spare, and Sir Eichard Granville was ordered to come in person, with the bulk of the Forces with which he was then besieging Plymouth, leaving only sufficient men. before the town to block it up. The orders may have been good in themselves, but Goring had no commission empowering him to give them, and he had no idea of condescending to entreat a favour where he had no right to command. Berkeley, an honorable and loyal soldier, did as he was told, but Granville, at least for a time, hung back, and when Prince Maurice repeated his commands positively to him to " advance towards the Lord Goring and to obey all such orders as he should receive from his Lordship." Sir Richard as positively sent his Highness word that " his men would not stir a foot, and that he had promised the commissioners of Devon and Cornwall, that he would not advance beyond Taunton till Taunton was reduced, but that he made no question, if he were not disturbed, speedily to give a good account of that place," i.e., Plymouth. In the meantime Lord Goring, although he had fallen successfully upon Sir William Waller's quarters twice by night, and killed so good a number that it was generally believed that Sir William Waller was lessened near a thousand men by those encounters, refused to follow up his success upon the main body of the rebels without the addition of Granville's foot, but professing that if he had an addition of 600 men he would be in the Town within six days." At length however. Sir Richard arrived, (possibly having heard that Lord Goring had gone to Bath on account of his health, and brought up his forces, consisting of 800 Horse, and 2200 Foot) within musket-shot of Taunton. But the very day he arrived, in attempting to take Wellington House, he received a wound in his thigh of so serious a nature that at the time it was considered likely to prove mortal. About this time the Prince of Wales, a lad not yet fifteen years of age, was sent into the West as of greater security than Oxford, and with him came a Council composed of some of the King's most trusted personal advisers, viz., Lords Capel and Colepepper and Sir Edward Hyde, afterwards Lord Clarendon, The History of the Granville Family. 295 It was hoped that the Prince's presence and authority would have composed the factions and animosities in the West *' which miserably infested the King's Service." In order that the Prince might have the requisite authority for the arrangement of these differences and the restoration of order, he had received from the King a Commission making him Generalissimo of the whole of the Eoyalist armies. Remembering his age this position is somewhat startling, but it was of course only nominal. The same remark applies to the Prince's ostensible political precocity. Lord Clarendon, who never allows us to forget that the real oracle was the Prince's Council, invariably attributes its resolution, with courtly obsequiousness, to the inspiration and sagacity of the Prince. Lords Capel and Colepepper (as members of the Prince's Council) visited Sir Richard as soon as he was placed in the litter to be carried to Exeter, and informed him that they had selected Sir John Berkeley to take over his command, " the which he seeming very well to approve, they desired him to call his officers (most of the principal being there) and to command them to proceed in the work in hand cheerfully under the command of Sir John Berkeley ; the which he promised to do, and immediately said something to his officers at the side of his litter, which the Lords con(.eived to be what he had promised ; but it appeared after that it was not so, and very probably was the contrary, for neither officer nor soldier did his duty after he was gone during the time Sir John Berkeley commanded in that action." While Sir Richard lay at Exeter recovering from his wounds the Commissioners of Devon presented a complaint against him to Prince Maurice. That complaint was as follows : — " That upon his first entering upon the work of Plymouth, and his assurance under his hand that he would take the town before Christmas Day, and that he would forthwith raise, arme, and pay twelve hundred Horse and six thousand Foot, they had assigned him above one half of their whole contribution, amount- ing to above eleven hundred pounds a week, and for providing armes and ammunition, had assigned him the arrears of the contribution due from those hundreds allotted to him, which amounted to near 6,000?*., he having likewise the whole con- tribution of Cornwall, being above seven hundred pounds weekly, and had received most part of the letter and subscrip- tion money of that County towards the same service ; that he had from his first entering upon the charges quietly enjoyed 296 The History of the Granville Family. those contributions in Devon which were duly paid, and had received the greatest part of the arrears assigned to him for the provision of armes and ammunition. " Notwithstanding all which, he had never bought above twenty barrels of powder or any Armes, but had received both the one and the other from them, out of their Magazines, and had never maintained or raised near half the number of men to which he was obliged, till the week before he was required to march to Taunton, when he had called the Posse Comitatus^ and out of them forced almost the whole number of Foot, which marched with him thither, bringing them with him as far as Exeter unarmed ; and there compelled the Commissioners to supply him with armes and Ammunition — that having left scarce two thousand Foot and four hundred Horse before Plymouth, he continued still to receive the whole contribution formerly assign'd, when he was to have twelve hundred Horse and six thousand Foot, and would not part with any of it. So that he received more out of Devonshire for the blocking up of Plymouth, (having all Cornwall to himself likewise) than was left for the garrisons of Exeter, Dartmouth, Barnstaple and Tiverton, and for the finishing those fortifications, victualling the garrisons, providing armes and Ammunition, with which they had before not only supplied themselves, but had sent great quantities to the King's Army, to the Lord Goring, and to the siege of Taunton ; — that he would not suff"er them to send any warrants to collect the letter and subscription money, to settle the Excise, or meddle with Delinquents' estates in the hundreds assigned to him for contribution ; and that he had those continual contests with Sir John Berkeley, being Colonel-General of the County, and the other Governors of garrisons, pretending that he had power to command them ; that there was such an animosity grown between them, that they very much apprehended the danger of those divisions, there having been some bloodshed, and men killed upon their private contests. "They therefore besought his Highness, by his Authority, to settle the limits of their several jurisdictions in order to the Martial Aff"airs, and likewise to order Sir Richard Green vil to receive no more contributions than would sufiice for the main- tenance of those men who continued before Plymouth ; whereby they could only be enabled to perform their parts of the Association." This was pressed with so much earnestness and reasoD, that it was thought very advisable for the Prince himself to go to Exeter, where both the Commissioners and Sir Kichard were — The History of the Granville Family. 297 and there, upon the hearing of all that could be said, to settle the dispute. The King, however, expressly inhibited his going farther Westward, and Lords Capel and Colepepper and the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Hyde, accordingly went by themselves, with instructions to examine all the complaints and allegations of the Commissioners, and to settle the business of the Contri- bution, and " upon view of the several Commissions of ^^ir John Berkeley and Sir Kichard Greenvil, so to agree the matter of jurisdiction, that the publick service might not be obstructed." As soon as the Lords reached Exeter, they went to visit Sir Eichard, who was still bed-rid of his hurt. They intended it only as a visit, and so would not reply at that time to many very sharp and bitter complaints and invectives he made against Sir John Berkeley, who was then at the Leaguer before Taunton, but told him " they would come to him again the next day, and consider all businesses." Accordingly they came, when with great bitterness he again complained of the Governor and some disrespects from his Lieutenant-Gen eral, but when he was pressed to particulars, he mentioned principally some high and disdainful speeches (the most of which were denied by the others) and the withholding some prisoners from him, which he had sent his Marshall for near Taunton. On the other hand. Sir John Berkeley complained by his letters, that the soldiers who had been brought to Taunton by Granville every day mouldered away, and he had reason to believe it was by his direction ; whilst those who stayed, and the officers, were very backward in performing their duties, and that they had burned Wellington House contrary to his commands. Sir Eichard denied that he had used his influence in the ways suggested, though it appeared that all such soldiers as left their colours and came to him, were kindly used and had money given to them — and that Lieutenant-Colonel Eobinson, after he had received order from Sir John Berkeley not to destroy Wellington House, rode to Exeter to Sir Eichard Granville, and and immediately upon his return from him caused it to be burnt. Sir Eichard also maintained that he levied no monies, nor issued out any warrants but what he had authority to do by his Commission. Jn the end, the Lords of the Council showed him their instructions from the Prince, thoroughly to examine all differ- ences between them, and to fix the limits of their respective Commissions. p2 298 The History of the Granville Family. Thereupon, Sir Eichard showed them his commission under His Majesty's sign manual, -by which he was authorized to command the forces before Plymouth, " and in order thereunto, with such clauses of latitude and power, as he might both raise the Posse, and command the trained bands, and indeed the whole forces of both Counties. He was to receive orders from his Majesty and his Lieutenant-Greneral ; and, moreover he was at the time High Sheriff of Devon." Sir John Berkeley's Commission was precedent and more formal, being under the great Seal of England, of Colonel- General of the Counties of Devon and C-ornwall, and to command the whole forces of both Counties, as well trained bands as others. It is clear that these Commissions over-lapped each other, and it was .little wonder that a plentiful crop of discussions and jealousies had sprung up between the two Commanders, who were each pushing their own schemes. After the perusal of his Commission, the Lords inquired " what forces were necessary in Sir Eichard's opinion for the Blockade of Plymouth ? " and he informed them that the forces then there were sufficient and proposed an allowance little enough for the service. He then said that it " troubled him to be confined to such an employment as the blocking up of a place, whilst there was like to be so much action in the field, and he therefore hoped His Highness would give him leave to wait on him in the Army, where he thought he might do him much better service." They told him they had " Authority from the Prince, if they found his health able to bear it, to let him know that his Highness would be glad of his service in the moulding that army which was then raising, and in which he had designed him the second place of command." Sir Eichard cheerfully received the proposition for himself in the Army ; " and for Plymouth (he said,) no man was fit to undertake the work there but Sir John Berkeley, who had the Command of both Counties." All things being thus agreed upon, the Lords resolved to return to the Prince, to obtain his sanction, whilst Hyde was left behind at Exeter to agree with the Commissioners upon the settlement of the Contributions, and to settle some other particulars which they had resolved upon. The Council having promised to send him his new com- mission within a few day. Sir Eichard agreed to resign his commission as General in charge of the blockade of Plymouth Hie History of the Granville Family. 299 to Sir John Berkeley. But this new commission was never sent, " which " (adds Sir Eichard in his Narrative), " was none of the weakest reasons why that associated army was not raised." " Being almost cured of his w^ounds and desirous to advance his Majesty's service all he could, Sir Eichard sent forth his orders into certain parts of Devon and Cornwall for the taking up and bringing together his runaway soldiers and also to levy others. But Sir John Berkeley wrote to the Cornish Commis- sioners a letter, dated May 26''',declaringhis own powerover them and the County as Colonel-General, and commanding them not to obey any of Sir Eichard's orders. The like did Sir John Berkeley to those in Devon and before Plymouth, which was brought to Sir Richard under Sir John Berkeley's own hand." Sir Eichard accordingly determined to lay his case before the Prince and his Council, who were now in Barnstaple, whither they had retired to escape the plague which had broken out with great virulence in Bristol. Accordingly in June he " made his first journey to present his duty to the Prince with his humble desires to the Lords that he might be reinstated in the command of those men he had formerly levied." Whatever these high-mettled Cavaliers might have done if left to themselves to settle their punctilios as to precedence, it is tolerably certain that the Council, though acting in the Prince's name, could do but little to smooth matters. This conflict of authority was already breaking up the strength of the King's party in the West. One only of the military competitors was pure and dis- interested ; while others were standing each upon his dignity, Lord Hopton was declaring that, for his part, he was ready to sacrifice his own honour in the service of the Prince. The Prince's Council finally decided to give Sir Eichard altogether a separate command, and entrusted him with the blockade of Lyme, for which purpose men were to be drawn from the garrisons of Dartmouth, Exeter, and Barnstaple, in addition to certain troops that were to be given him from I^ord Goring's force. The rendezvous was to be Tiverton, and those from Exeter, according to order, appeared at the time appointed, but those from Barnstaple and Dartmouth marched a day's journey and more towards Tiverton, and then were recalled by the Prince to Barnstaple to defend that town, as rumours of an advance of the enemy under Fairfax was bruited abroad. Sir Eichard was naturally greatly incensed at this treat- ment, and in a cover directed to Mr. Fanshaw, the Secretary 300 The History of the Granville Family. for the Council, returned the Commission of Field-Marshal which the Prince had given him, and within two or three days afterwards, on the 5th of J uly, he sent a very insolent letter to the Lords of the Council, complaining of the many undeserved abuses offered him, and expressing his intention of serving in future as a volunteer , until such time as he " might have opportunity to acquaint His Majesty with his sufferings." At about the same time in which Sir Eichard Granville was bringing his complaints to the Prince's court at Barnstaple, but whether immediately before or after is uncertain, he was using his position and authority as Sheriff of Devon, to raise the ■county forces with the object of putting himself at their head. The design is candidly avowed in the " Narrative " above alluded to, but it was frustrated it seems by the Commissioners. The following is his own account, although written in the third person : — " Sir R, G. was desired by many of the gentry of Devon, as Sheriff, to command a general meeting of all the inhabitants of Devon, at Crediton — i.e., 4 or 5 of the chief of every parish to advise of speedy means to raise a powerful army in the County, for the defence and security of the same against the enemy." The Prince's Council, receiving information of this, commanded Sir Richard by an order in writing " that he failed not at his peril speedily on sight thereof to attend his Highness's pleasure in Cornwall." Sir Richard obeyed, having first desired some of the Commissioners of Devon " to favour so much their own welfare as to meet the inhabitants of Devon at Crediton," which was then to be the next day following Some of the Commissioners met at Crediton accordingly, and found there present above 5,000 of the chief inhabitants of the ■county ; whose propositions were, that if they might have Sir R. Grenville for their Commander, and that none of their arms should be taken again from them, nor they carried out of their county without their own consents, that they would generally provide themselves of arms and munitions upon their own ■charges towards the defence of the County against the enemy, and that such as would not join with them in the same courses, should be taken and dealt with as enemies " But the Commissioners, denying them leave to choose their •own commander, and by words giving the country great dis- taste, made them depart very much discontented, and the hopeful meeting to raise a great army became desperately lost, which hastened the ruin of the west." The proceeding which seems to have been of the nature- The History of the Granville Family. 301 stated in tlie Narrative, was considered a highly reprehensible contempt of the Prince's authority, and gave great umbrage to the Council. It is scarcely necessary to remark that the description of the assemblage at Crediton was a mere gasconade — even four or five persons from every parish in Devonshire would not have produced half the number, and if the agricultural parishes only were meant, as is more probable, the absurdity of the estimate becomes more glaring ; if there was no intentional exaggeration the subtraction of one or even two final numerals from the 5,000 of the text may be the more correct reading. After this Sir Eichard established himself with his own horse and foot at Ottery St. Mary, and, without any com- mission, indulged in the most arbitrary excesses, raising what money he would and imprisoning what persons he pleased. It was here that his quarrel with Sir John Berkeley took its acutest form. He adopted a highly original method of offence by ordering a " warrant " to be read in the churches of the district over which he had assumed control. " That all persons should bring him an account of what moneys or goods had been plundered from them by Sir John Berkeley or any under him." Such were the relations existing at that time between the Eoyalist commanders in the West, whilst the enemy was preparing for a vigorous march upon them. The tradition which is said to exist, that children were hushed by their mothers with the threat of " Grenville's coming ! " is probably fabulous, but it is one of the accretions which show how real was the wide-spread terror in common life, for which the excesses and cruelties of this unprincipled cavalier were responsible. Sir Richard's conduct naturally begot great resentments, and the Commissioners of Devon sent an express to the Prince, who was then in Cornwall, beseeching him " to call Sir Richard Greenvill from thence, and to take some order for the suppressing of the furious inclinations of both sides, or else they apprehended the enemy would quickly take an advantage of those dissentions and invade the county before they otherwise intended." The Prince therefore sent for Sir Richard to Liskeard and told him — " The sense he had of his disrespect towards him in the sending back his commission in that manner, and of his 302 The History of the Granville Family. carriage after, and asked him what authority he now had either to command men or to publish such warrants." " He answered that he was High Sheriff of Devon, and by virtue of that office he might suppress any force, or inquire into any grievance his County suffered, and as far as in him lay give them remedy." He was told that " as Sheriff he had no power to raise or head men otherwise than by the Posse Comitatus, which he could not neither upon his own head raise, without warrant from the Justices of Peace : that in times of War he was to receive orders upon occasions from the Commander-in-Chief of the King's Forces, who had authority to command him by his Commission. " He was asked what he himself would have done, if, when he commanded before Plymouth the High Sheriff of Cornwall should have caused such a warrant concerning him to be read in Churches ? " He answered little to the questions, but sullenly extolled his services and enlarged his sufferings. Afterwards being reprehended with more sharpness than ever before, and being told that " whatever discourses he made of spending his estate, it was well understood he had no estate by any other title than the meer bounty of the King : that he had been courted by the Prince more than he had reason to expect, and that he had not made those returns on his part which became him. " In short, if he had inclination to serve his Highness he should do it in the manner he should be directed ; if not he should not, under title of being Sheriff, satisfy his own pride and passion," " Sir Eichard," becoming much gentler (Lord Clarendon adds), " upon this reprehension than upon all the gracious addresses that had been made to him," answered he would serve the Prince in such manner, and was accordingly discharged, and returned to his house at Werrington, where he lived privately for the space of a fortnight or thereabouts, without interposing in the public business. In July Lord Goring and Sir liichard privately entered into a correspondence, and a letter, dated August 1st, was written to the Chancellor by Lord Goring, in which he said several propositions had been framed upon conference with Sir Eichard, which he desired might be presented to the Prince, and if consented to, confirmed by His Highness. He said he would engage to have in a short time an army of ten or twelve The History of the Granville Family. 303 thousand men, that should march wherever commanded. Concluding in these words, " I see some light now of having a brave army very speedily on foot, and I will be content to lose my life and honour if we do not perform our parts, if these demands be granted." The letter was graciously received by the Prince, and the particulars proposed were signed by him, he expressing a further resolution " to add whatever should be proposed to him within his power to grant, so that there was once more a hope of looking the enemy in the face, and having a. fair day for the West." The next day Sir Richard himself waited upon the Prince at Launceston, and it was decided that he should receive a certain portion of the contributions of Cornwall, and £5,000 of the arrears. Sir Eichard promised to gather together all the stragglers, who, he said, would amount to 3,000 foot, and to raise 300 more in Devonshire, and at once sent out his warrants levying men and money. But before the end of August the friendship between Goring and Granville grew colder. Sir Richard observing a better correspondence between Lord Goring and Sir John Berkeley than he hoped would have been, and hearing that Goring used to speak slightingly of him \^ which was true) he wrote a very sharp letter to him, in which he said he would have no more to do with him. However, Sir Richard continued as active as before, being now in Devon and then in Cornwall, where he commanded absolutely without any commission, and very seasonably suppressed an insurrection near St. Ives " which might else have grown to a head, and hanged two or three fellows, who I believe were guilty enough, by his own order, without any Council of War, and raised what money he pleased, and then returned to his house at Werrington." About this time the popular feeling with regard to Goring and Granville found vent in a curious tract, of which the following is the title : *' A true and strange Relative of a Boy who was entertained by the Devill to be servant to liim, with the consent of his Father about Crediton in the West. " And how the Devill carried him up in the aire, and showed him the torments of Hell and some of the Cavaliers there, and what preparation there was made for Goring and Granville against they come. " Also how the Cavaliers went to Robbe a Carrier, and how the Carrier and his Horses turned themselves into flames of fire, etc." London, printed by G.H. 1645. 304 Tlie History of the Granville Family. After the loss of Bristol, and the motion of the enemj inclined westward, it was thought fit to draw all the trained bands of Cornwall to Launceston under the command of Sir Eichard Granville, and to these were added his own three regiments of old soldiers which he had formerly carried to Taunton, but which had refused to serve under Goring, and had therefore been disbanded. They were only now got together again upon the assurance that they should be commanded by Sir Eichard. Besides, his experience and activity were then thought most necessary to the marching army. The trained bands met, and marched from Launceston to Okehampton (the pass being of great importance to hinder the enemy's communication with Plymouth), which he barricaded ; but at the end of the month for which they had been engaged (November) they returned to their homes. On the 4th October Lord Goring writes to Lord Colepepper. " Sir Eichard Green vile distracts us extreamly, but when the Prince will be pleased to enable me, I hope eyther to bring him into better order, or keepe him from doemg any hurt." And a few days after, the Prince, in writing to Lord Goring, says, with reference to the usual dispute about precedence, " that he has sent direction to Sir Eichard Grenville to receive orders from his Lordship, and desires that there be good intelligence and correspondence preserved between them." Towards the end of November Sir Eichard suddenly with- drew his forces from Okehampton, in defiance of orders to the contrary from Lord Goring, and occupied Launceston, which he fortified ; and, according to Lysons, " caused proclamation to be made in all the churches in Cornwall that if any of Lord Goring's forces should come into the County the bells should ring, and the people rise to drive them out." Very shortly after this. Lord Goring suddenly, on the pretence that both armies were going into winter quarters, and that his health required attention, abandoned his command and embarked at Dartmouth for France. The truth seems to have been that jealousy of his rivals, intolerance of the authority of the Prince's Council, and disappointed ambition, overpowered his loyalty, if that, indeed, was not open to suspicion. He left the country amid the execrations of the people, whom he had harassed and pillaged. His defection was undoubtedly a relief to the Prince's Council, but, unfortunately, did not rectify matters. According to Sir Eichard's " Narrative," the Prince's Council, -J^e iJistot-y of' the Granville Family:. 3.0.S then at Truro, importuned him on the 26th of November to. propound unto them some speedy course for the preservation of the Prince's person, and so much of the country as was then in his possession ; which he did the next day, directing, it by way of letter to Mr. Fanshawe, the Prince's secretary at war. This, letter, Sir Richard tells us, " occasioned a strange rumour in the world, as if he went about to sett up the Prince against the King." He accordingly inserts it faithfully verbatim in his. " Narrative." Sir, Upon conference with the Lords of his Highness's Council last night their Lordships were pleased to lay their command upon me that (in this time of extremity) I should propose what course I conceived might best be taken for the advancement of his Majesty's service, the safety of his Highness's person, the preservation of this county and the maintenance and augmentation of the Western forces. Sir, the thought of this hath much perplexed me ; many things have, offered themselves to my imagination which further con- sideration rejected. It is to be considered that the enemy is in all parts of the Kingdom very prevalent, and his Majesty's forces as much lessened and disheartened ; our late losses have brought us nigh despair, and we may too truly say his Majesty hdth no entire county in obedience but poor little Cornwall and that too in a sad condition by the miserable accidents of war under which it hath long groaned. The country is impoverished by the obstruction of all trade,, and in my opinion it is not to be hoped that Cornwall, with our ruined county of Dev 3n, can long time subsist and maintain the vast number of men that are requisite to oppose the enemie's army in case th.ey advance upon us. Sir, what we wish is not in our power to act It rests then that we lay hold on the occasions that offer the fairest face. And who knows but some overtiire well managed may by God's blessing in a short time produce a longed-for peace to this languishing Kingdom. To effect which I shall make it the offer of my sense that his Highness by the advice of the Lords in Council may send pro- positions to the two Houses of Parliament in London to have a treaty, wherein articles, proposed by their Lordships, tending to some such effect as these following, may be discussed ; viz. — i. That his Highness hath not been at all reflected on in the proceedings, of Parliament nor ever had an hand in the bloodshed of this war. ii. That a great part of his Highness's present maintenance is his Dutchy of Cornwall, where he now remains. iii. That his Highness may assure the Parliament not to advance with an army further eastward than the towns and places of Devon now within hi& power. . . iv. That the Parliament give the like assurance to his" Highness not ta molest or disturb the country now within his Highness's power with incursions of' armies or otherwise. V. That the parts and places now within his Highness's power be per- mitted to enjoy a free trade unto and from the parts beyond the seas without .disturbance at sea of any shipping within the power of the Parliament. ■ " vj. ..That, the shipping imder his Highness's power do permit the 'parts and places now in the power of the Parliament ta enjoy a like free trade and traffic without their molestation at sea. . " . 306 The History of the Granville Family. vii. That such part of the profits of his Highness's estate as lies in Wales or elsewhere be paid unto him as the same shall from time to time laecome due. viii. That upon breach of any article made by any particular person, that party injured is . to appeal for relief which either parties are to give without molestation of the articles. Sir, — These particulars are such as the shortness of my time hath given me leave to think on, and I shall desire you they may be presented to the Lords of his Highness's Council to be suppressed or altered as to their Lordships shall seem fit and most likely to conduce to the honour of his Majesty, the safety of His Highness's person and the preservation of the country from absolute destruction. And I must advertise you. Sir, and desire you to inform their Lordships that in my opinion such a treaty will much tend to the speedy putting of an end to the wasting divisions of this kingdom. And for the present, if these or the like articles be agreed on, his Highness's person will be secured, his revenues twice trebled, trade revived and the country enriched. Besides, in such a vacancy of troubles here, it may please God to open a way for restoring his Majesty to his rights and we shall be enabled to fortify our frontiers, ports and towns, and to provide necessaries to defend ourselves against the worst of fortune. And it his Highness will be pleased to commit the managing of his forces and all things thereunto appertaining, unto the care of some fitting man with a competent power, his army of foot within a short time may well be raised to the number of 10, COO and maintained without the country's ruin and both them and the horse brought into due obedience, which want of government hath made them almost unserviceable, and in case the proposed way of treating produce not its desired success, yet the whole county, seeing his Highness's wircere endeavour and desires for peace, and that his Highness's labour tends only to the preservation of these parts from utter ruin and destruction, I am most confident that after a General Meeting of the chief Ge.itry of this county {which I desire you to beseech his Highness may be speedily appointed), the whole body of this country then finding how far the preservation of their persons and estates are concerned, will iinanimously join in the defence thereof, and (with God's blessing on our endeavours therein) I doubt not but we shall be able to defend this county against the greatest force our enemies can pour against us. To conclude, I will make it my suit unto you that you will become my advocate humbly to entreate his Highness and the Lords that what I have written may receive no misconstruction, and that my meaning which is to advance the honour and service of his Majesty, and his Highness, and the pre- servation of the country may not be perverted but be plainly interpreted as it is honestly intended by Sir Y"^ affectionate Servant R. Grenvii-e. Truro Nov. 29th 1645. Not long after this, the enemy, being possessed of the greatest part of Devonshire and likely to advance westward of Exeter, Sir Richard further "proposed and desired that the Lords would be pleased to have the affairs so ordered for the apparent security of so much of the western parts as then remained " in the possession of the Royalists. He urged that these particular The History of the Granville Family. 307 places in Devon should be speedily occupied with troops, viz., Newton-Bushel, Okehampton and Chimley (Chulmleigh and these quarters to be fortified and a line of communication made, extending from the one place to the other. It was probably also at this time that he propounded the notable scheme of cutting a deep trench from Barnstaple to the South Sea for the space of nearly forty miles, by which he said he would defend all Cornwall and so much of Devon against the world. Lord Clarendon ridicules the scheme, but Lord Lansdowne, in his " Vindication of Sir Richard," writes : " Is there anything new or strange in defending a country by entrenchments ? Is not the practice as old as Julius Csesar, and mentioned by himself in his commentaries of the war with the ancient Gauls ? Was it not thus that the modern Gauls in our own times defended the French Flanders ? " The forcing of those Lines will stand for ever upon record among the first of the late Duke of Marlborough's military glories. What was there then so ridiculous, so mad, or so extravagant in this proposal as to- be thus singly pick'd out to be quoted as a proof of the man's being out of his wits ? It were to be wished we had been told the rest of this General's schemes ; perhaps among military judges they would not have been thought so wild and impracticable as they might appear to persons of another calling, tho' never so able and learned in their respective professions," CHAPTER XIV. There is very little personal record of tlie four unquiet years of Lady Grace's widowhood. The only gleams of happiness apparently were the marriages, first of her second daughter, Grace to Robert Fortescue of Filleigh, and secondly of her eldest daughter, Elizabeth, — " Besse," as she was familiarly called, to Peter Prideaux, eldest son of Sir Peter Prideaux, Baronet, of Netherton and Farway, co : Devon. The following letter from Lady Grace to Hugh Fortescue, Esq, the father of Grace's future husband, has been discovered among the old deeds at Castle Hill : — LADY GRACE GRANVILLE TO HUGH FORTESCUE, ESQ. Nobie Sir I returne you thanlces that in some measure you expresse a willingnes on my proposal! to performs parte, were it in my choice to accomp ish it so easy, as I wish, I should not urge it farther, l^ut when your owne wisdome shall duely consider the safety & conveniency it may procure I hope you -will iiot stick to advance the full .oOO, for I well know having made some attempt to farther the Ijusiness already, that much more is expected, and doubtlesse will be so farr prcst. as you will very hardly avoyde it, w**^ made me wish you to fall on so noble & free a way to tender such a sum, (w'* though the times are difficult enough to rayse money) yet. in. such a case as this, 1 hope -not altogeather impossible by you to be performed. Sir I confesse. if the match proceed between us, I shall much desire, both your Honor & profitt, & a Person- of your Fortune & quallity will not easily slipp nice, observation, m these doubtful! times, tlierfore it will behoove you, to settle a faire opinion in his Ma''^ of y'' readines to assist him, as well as a willingnes to receave Pardon from him, for Sir, what hath endangerd you, but an assisting the contrary Power, & nothing can secure you, but a cleare testimony of your Loyall affection to the King w'''* promises honor & prosperity to y"" Family, w'='> is heartely wishd by me who am farr from any PoUitick end, or practise, but must needs acquaint you, with so greate a trueth, as to lett you know that what I have proposed is the easiest way I can devize to attayne your desires, & I despaire of being able to accomplish anything of my owne Power without your Performing this full sum, it being the lowest that your Quallity can tender. To perswade you I can doe it and faile you at last, suits not my disposition, but if you will adventure one 500 this way, I will use all the meanes I can to accomplish it & that with speede. the sooner I know your full resolution heerin, the better, not knowing how soone I may be incapable of business, so with my best service to you & y*^ Family, I rest Y*^ well-wishing kinswoman Grace Geenvile Stow Nov 22 1643 My mother salutes you heartely, & I doubt not her approbation if that is convenient be afforded. (Superscription) To my Honord Kinsman Hugh Fortescew Esq"^ present these Uie History of the Granville Family. 309 . The Fortescues of Wear GifFard took the Parliamentary side. They were not however active partisans, although they contributed money largely to the cause They appear to have been successful in assuming an outward attitude of neutrality, as on the King's coming into Devonshire in 1644, a letter of protection under the King's hand was obtained, which is still preserved at Castle Hill. But before the wedding could take place Lady Smith was taken ill and died at Stowe, and was buried at Kilkhampton on ' the 16th of February, 1643-4, and the marriage was postponed in consequence. There is a local tradition that the Queen, in her flight from Exeter to Falmouth, honoured old Stowe with a visit. The . Queen had been delivered of a princess (afterwards Duchess of Orleans) on Sunday, June 16, 1644, at Exet er, and hearing that Lord Essex was marching into Devonshire with a large arniy, and that the Parliament wished to capture her and commit her to the Tower, and moreover that the fleet at Torbay "was watching the mouth of the Exe in order to cut off" her retreat by sea, she felt there was no road left open to her but the wesl, and with the hope of finding the means of escape in Falmouth, she left Exeter by night, within a week of her confinement, in : a litter with a . small party of attendants, and made for Okehamption. Here, so the traditions runs, Antony Payne .met them and guided them to Stowe by a series of by-tracks and lanes, in order to secure greater secresy. From Stowe she is said tO'haA^e gone to Lanherne and from thence to Falmouth. In -confirmation of this theory, a letter is said to have been seen from Lady Grace, in which she mentions the fact of the Queen having slept at Stowe and departing to Lanherne ; but, unfortunately, this letter cannot now be traced, and although it would be pleasing to accept the tradition, and to picture Lady Grace lovingly comforting and entertaining her royal mistress at Stowe, it seems impossible not to accept the evidence adduced by Mr. Paul L. Karkeek in a very interesting paper on the subject of the Queen's Flight, printed in the " Transactions of the Devonshire Association," vol. viii. pp. 467-479, that from Okehampton the Queeii went to Launceston, (the most direct route,) under the escort of Prince Maurice, and from Launceston , to Truro, and so to Falmouth and Pendennis Castle, whence she , : escaped, hotly pursued by three Parliamentary ships, who came , close up to them, and "bestowed a hundred cannon-shot upon ' them," and laiided near Brest on July 15th, a, month saye a day iafter her confinement. : . 310 The History of the Granville Family. Pendennis Castle was a place of considerable importance as a fortress at this time, (though it could have afforded but scanty accommodation to the Queen and her suite,) and was commanded by John Arundell of Trerice, a cousin of Sir Bevill's. He had married a daughter of George Gary of Glovelly. It was to this fortress, as to a place of greater security than Stowe, that Lady Grace sent her chests of valuables, when Lord Essex's army entered Devonshire ; for the home of such noted Royalists was scarcely likely to escape the plunderers, and armies must have passed and repassed at no great distance from Stowe for many months to come. Lady Grace and her children must have had a terribly anxious time, and lived in constant expectation of being attacked. The following letter, written just a fortnight after the Queen's escape from Pendennis Castle, was written by Mrs. Arundell to Lady Grace to acknowledge the arrival of the valuables : — MRS. ARUNDELL TO LADY GRANVILLE. Honord La I have reseved 9 chestes and do promies to keepe them as safe as any of my one ; for the shall on stand by the other (that God that hath hetherto defended vs and fought the kings battelles will louke on vs in marsey) I can not dispare tho wee are shrodly thretened every day Madam to you and yours I wish as much happiness as to our one famely and shall ever remeane Your La : afFecttionat Cousen and humbell sarvant Mary Arundell Pendence the 30 of July I can not present M' Arundells sarves to your La : for hee is now at Paris, but I know hee owes you as much as any frend you have in the world. (Superscription) To my honored frend and deere cosen the La : Grase Grenvell thes present. John Granville, "Jack" as he was familiarly called, the eldest surviving son was not yet fifteen when Sir Bevill was killed. He had been a gentleman commoner at Gloucester Hall, Oxford, but if we are to accept Antony Payne's letter as authentic, he was with Sir Bevill when he fell, and there and then took command of the troops in his place. " Master John, The History of the Granville Family. 311 when I mounted him upon his father's horse rode him into the war, like a young prince as he is, and our men followed him with their swords drawn and with tears in their eyes." Certainly a year previously the University and several Colleges had sent money and plate to the King, and on the 13th of August an order had been given for view of arms. Graduates and undergraduates had eagerly responded to the appeal. Books were flung away, and day after day some three or four hundred members of the University had diligently practised their drill (c/ Gardiner's "History of the Civil War," i., 33.) Very probably therefore Jack had joined his fatter, and was with him at the battle of Lansdowne. At any rate he was in command of his father's troop afterwards, and took part in several of the engagements, and particularly in Cornwall at the defeat of the Earl of Essex. At the second battle of Newbury he narrowly escaped meeting his father's fate. Being in the thickest of the fight, and having received several wounds in various parts of his body, he was at last felled to the ground with a most dangerous blow on the head from a halberd, and he lay there for some time in an unconscious state until a body of the King's Horse, charging the enemy afresh, beat them ofi" the ground, where he was discovered afterwards amongst the dead, covered with blood and dust. Upon being recognized, he was carried into that part of the field where the King and the Prince of Wales were, who sent him to Donnington Castle hard by, to be treated for his wounds. But it must have been long before tidings of hope could reach the anxious mother, for no sooner were the armies drawn ofi" from the Field of Newbury than Donnington Castle itself was besieged by the Roundheads, and their bullets, it is said, constantly whistled through the room where he lay during the twelve days which elapsed before the defenders were relieved by the King at the third battle of Newbury. But the warrior- boy came round at last safely, and the following letter, preserved in the collection of MSS., formerly called " the Rupert Correspondence," contains his grateful thanks to Prince Maurice for his attention to him . JOHN GRANVILLE TO H.R.H. PRINCE MAURICE. May it please highnes The great favour highnes has donne mee, in sparing j'^ surgeon, has already almost recovered mee of my wounds and for my health (the Phisitians tell mee) w*"^ some repose in y^ country will be in a condition good enough, soe y*^ (I hope) I shall be able to doe y"^ highnes service againe, w"='' is my chiefest ambition. It lies now in y^ highnes power greatly to obleige mee & enable mee for y^ future to serve y'^ highnes w*'' a good recruite of souldiers 312 The History of the Granville Family : Barnestable, who can never keepe their fingers out of a rebellion, lia;ue beene- of late highly guilty in . y* kind, w<='' liaue made our wise comissioners of Devon; to thincke of placing a garrison in y* towne. In a busines of this nature !-^ knew unto none I ought more fitly to addresse myselfe then unto y"^ highnes, ^ and if y"^ highnes thincke me worthy y® goverm* of this- towne, I doubt not ^ but be very serviceable unto y"^ highnes in this commaimd. I have some" interrest in y* part of y^ county, in regard y* toune lies soe neare my estate, , and I know I can be noe where in a better capacity of doing ye King service, then in this toune, because it stands in y'' midst of my tenants and acquain tance, and I'me confident (if y"^ highnes vouchsafe's me this government and y° contribution of y® north part of Devon for y® maintenance of my men) I will bring into y® feild to march unto y"^ highnes next sumer a thousand men, ' and leave a good garrison behind in y® towne, all w'=^ souldiers I will be obleiged to pay during y® war. Thus much uppon these conditions I will engadge myselfe to do uppon mine honour, but I wholely submitt myselfe unto y- highnes and shall attend y^ highnes answer unto - highnes most obedient servant , John Grenvile Bristol Decem 23 (Superscription) 1644 For his highnes Prince Maurice These The wish of the youthful cavalier was not, however, to be gratified m that way at any rate. The time was indeed ripe, or considered to be so, for the formal imposition of a garrison upon the refractory town of Barnstaple referred to in young Granville's letter, but Sir John Berkeley appointed his own lieutenant, Sir Allen Apsley, to the command. Jack came back to Stowe to recover of his wounds, and his sister Grace's wedding was arranged to take place at once.. The following letter from the bride-elect was written to her lover a month previously. It is a charming example of maidenly diffidence and affection, which will not, however, appeal very strongly to the nineteenth century young woman. GRA.CE GRANVILLE TO ROBERT FORTESCUE, ESQ. Noble S^ T am very sorry that sicknesse of all other reasons should prevent your visiting this place, and tho your presence be an honer which I much desire yett I canott but lett you know I hope the respect you bear your owne health will keepe you from ventring sooner a broade than you may doe it with safety, which I heartily pray may be spedily. I. must confesse your affectionate respects do more and more every day teach me a new study which formerly I have not bin acquainted withall, it will therfore- be much against my will to be guilty of soe greate a crime as ingratitude, to prevent which I beseech you receive my most humble thankes both for your curteous Ire and token, with THE ENTRANCE TO THE GRANVILLE AISLE IN KILKHAMPrON CHURCH. The History of the Granville Family. 313 this assurance that ther is not any one doth more really wish your happiness© and desire to heare of your recovery then Y"^ most affectionate Cousen and humble servant Geace Grenvile. Stow Janury® 12 1645 It will be a favor if you please to present my humble service to your Noble Father and Mother (Superscription) For my Noble fFreind k Kinsman M'' Eobert Fortescue present : these The marriage took place from Stowe on tlie 20 th of February, 1644-5, and the two following letters from Lady Grace to Mrs, Fortescue may as well be inserted here, although not strictly in chronological order as regards other events to be recorded in this chapter : — LADY GRACE GRANVILLE TO MRS. ROBERT FORTESCUE. Deare Grace I was much joy'd to heare y"^ Husband and selfe, with the rest had a pleasant jorney, & that yee mett such affectionat wellcome. I have often wished myself with you, but doe finde had I adventurd, twould have proved a trouble to my frends to have had a sick Guest, for truly I have been much vexd with such sick fitts, as you know I am subject to, & the colde weather begins roughly with me. Prithee be carefull to present my best Respects & service to my Brother & sister Fortescue & all my noble Cosens. let me know when I shall see you againe, & pray fayle not to consider all things, may be most contenting to those friends, whom it will become you carefully to observe. I expedited y"" brothers home before now they must loose no longer time, so beseeching God to blesse you & my son Fortescue & y'^ Brothers &■ graunt us happie meeting. Y*" tenderly affectionat mother Grace Grenvile. Stow Oct 16 1645 (Superscription) For my dear Daughter Grace Fortescue at . Weare these dd Wear GifFord, where Grace was staying, is an ancient seat of the Fortescue family, four miles south of Bideford, in the valley of the Torridge, nearly opposite Annery, the home of the St. Legers. Wear Gilford Hall, picturesquely set in beautiful grounds and covered with climbing plants, contains some of the finest carved panelling in the country, and the oaken roof of the hall has for 314 The History of the Granville Family. its richness been compared to that of Henry VII. 's Chapel at Westminster, though the de^vice is altogether different. The old house suffered a good deal at the hands of the Roundheads only a few weeks after the next letter was written, the court- yard wall being destroyed amongst other things. It is this approaching danger that is referred to in the letter probably. LADY GRACE GRANVILLE TO MRS. ROBERT FORTESCUE. Deare Grace Had I not expected to have heard from you by Mr. Gealad, who promisd when he went hence a speedy returne, I should have sent ere now to be more certainly assurd where and how you are, for you may be sure though our Persons are separated yet my affection and Care still follows you: it disquietts my minde much to consider you are in so unprovided a condition to begin housekeeping, fearing you have not so much patient resolution to undergoe it ^s I had w'^'' begun on such terms. Glad I should be to heare you meet some courteous helpe to comfort you in the beginning, however prithee have a good heart & doe not distrust the Divine providence I long to heare some certainty of y"^ being with childe, I am resolv'd y' sister shall lay down her Belly heere, for I can with no conveniency be with her upon all occasions elsewhere. I should be glad to do the like for you assoone as her Pull is past if it please God you be in the same case, which I heartily pray for. I have had my health reasonable well (I praise God) since my coming hither, & doe live very privatly heer, having seen very few strangers since my coming hither & as yet have been no where abroad but at Church. Orchard is not yet come out of the west which hinders my buying anything, for without ready money herr's no buying any thing. I sent to enquire of the Torrington Caryer for you but heard nothing, however I meant to have written but he was gone before I knew it. I hope you are not yet removed from Ware, be not too hasty in doing it unlesse there be just reason for it. I hope my Son is well whom I affectionatly salute, praying to God to bless you both and I am undoubtedly. afFectionat mother Grace Gbenvile I am providing a Bed Furniture & some Pewter for you Madford Jan. 20 1646 Y"^ sister Prideaux salutes you k my son Fortescue Grace Fortescue was delivered of a daughter that year, who also was named Grace. She afterwards married Sir Halswell Tynte, first Baronet of Halswell, Somerset, the ancestor of the present Mr. Halswell Melbourne Kemeys-Tynte, by whose kind permission several of the Granville letters in his possession have been printed in these memoirs. This was the only offspring of this marriage, and the mother soon afterwards died, and her husband married as his second wife Susannah, daughter of Sir John Northcote, first Baronet of Hayne, Devon, by Grace his wife, daughter and co-heiress of Hugh Halswell, of Wells, -Somerset. The History of the Granville Family. 315 Lady Grace's other daughter, referred to in the above letter, was Elizabeth Prideaux, who had been married on the 17th of November, from Stowe. The husband succeeded his father as third Baronet, and Lady Prideaux died in 1692, and was hurried at Farway, near Honiton, leaving a numerous issue. In the beginning of January, 1646, the relative positions of the two armies were broadly these : — The main body of Fairfax's forces were at Tiverton, with detached garrisons holding posts on both sides of the Exe, The Royalist army was now grouped in two divisions, separated by Dartmoor ; the one, principally of Horse, occupying the country between the Dart and the Teign ; the other, consisting of both Horse and Foot, lying partly at and about Okehampton, and partly at Tavistock, where Prince Charles himself was collecting all the loose contributions of men, money and supplies which could be obtained from the country in his rear. He calculated that when every available man had been brought into line, he would have 6,000 Foot and 5,000 Horse at his disposal Unfortunately for him his body was formidable in nunibers only. The brutalities of Sir Richard Granville in Cornwall, and ths ravages committed in Devonshire by the Cavalry which had been deserted by Goring, had exasperated even the most loyal subject who had anything to lose. The army itself was little better than a mob, scarcely an officer of rank would take orders from his superior, and the men, stinted of every kind of supply, were scattered in small groups from the neighbourhood of Exeter almost to Land's End. Fairfax's new army was indeed somewhat weakened by the necessity of despatching Fleetwood and AVhalley to watch the motions of the King's Cavalry at Oxford, but it was still strong enough to contrive the blockade of Exeter, and to deal with the approaching enemy in his existing state of disorganization. On January 8th orders were given to advance, and part of his army pushed on to Bow, to distract the enemies attention : another part surprised the Royalist Horse, under Lord Went- worth, at Bovey Tracey, by a night attack, and captured four hundred of them. Insubordinate and tyrannical as Sir Richard Granville was, he was at heart a soldier, and his first impulse on hearing of Wentworth's mishap, was to write a letter to the Prince, in which he represented the impossibility of keeping the army together, or fighting with it in the condition it was then in. He informed him that he had the night before sent directions to Major-General Harris (who commanded the Foot that came 316 Tlie History of the Granville Family. from Plymouth) to guard a certain bridge but that he returned him word that he would receive orders from none but General Digby ; that General Digby said he would receive orders from none but his Highness ; that a party of Lord Wentworth's Horse had the same night come into his quarters, where his troops of guard and his fire-locks were, that neither submitted to the command of the other, they had fallen foul, and two or three men had been killed, that they continued still in the same place, drawn up one against the other, and therefore he urged the Prince to appoint a Commander-in-Chief, from whom all independent officers might receive orders. He therefore desired his Highness to constitute the Earl of Brentford or Lord Hopton to such a post. Therefore the Prince made an order, on the 15th January, commissioning Lord Hopton to take the sole charge of the army upon him, and appointing Lord Wentworth to command all the Horse, and Sir Richard Granville the Foot. The Prince sent Sir Richard a letter of thanks for this advice, and which he had said he had followed. But Sir Richard evidently expected to receive the supreme •command himself, and not the inferior one which the Prince had assigned to him, and he absolutely refused to act in a subordinate position to anyone. To the Prince he wrote desiring to be excused on account of his indisposition of health, and at the same time expressing his belief that he could do the Prince better service by collecting the soldiers who straggled in the country, and in suppressing the malignants, and guarding the passes of Cornwall. But to Lord Colepepper he made no disguise, stating openly that he could not consent to be commanded by Lord Hopton. The Prince sent for him and told him " the extreme ill consequence that would attend the public service, if he should there, and in such a manner, quit the charge his Highness had committed to him — that more should not be expected from him than was agreeable to his health, and that if he took the command upon him, he should take what adjutants he pleased to assist him." But notwithstanding all that the Prince could say to him, or such of his friends who thought they had interest in him, he continued obstinate, and positively refused to take the charge, or to receive orders from Lord Hopton. Such insubordination was unpardonable, and the Prince therefore caused him to be arrested, and committed him as a prisoner to the Governor of Launceston Castle on the 19th The History qf the Granville Family. 317 day of January, 1646, and the following day he was cashiered from the various regiments he had commanded without any court-martial having been held. Sir Richard's arrest caused great distractions ; the whole county took offence ; even the very persons who had complained of his tyrannous conduct, as much as any, expressed great trouble, and the soldiers, who were sincerely attached to him in spite of his overbearing manner, refused "to be commanded either by Gorians or Hoptonians." ("The Moderate Messenger, No. 2, from Feb. 3 to Feb. 10, 1646, p. 11.") " Whoever had observed the temper of that County towards Sir Richard Grenvil," (writes Lord Clarendon) or the clamours of the common people against his oppression and tyranny, would not have believed that such a necessary proceeding against him, at that time, could have been any unpopular act : there being scarce a day in which some petition was not presented against him. As the Prince passed through Bodmin, he received Petitions from the wives of many substantial and honest men, amongst the rest of the Mayor of Listithiel, who was very eminently well affecced and useful to the King's Service ; all whom Grenvil had committed to the Common Goal for presuming to fish in that Ri'/er, the Royalty of which he pretended belonged to him by virtue of the Sequestration granted him by the King of the Lord Roberts' estate at Lanhetherick : whereas they who were committed pretended to a Title and had alw^ays used the liberty of fishing in those waters as Tenants to the Prince of his Higness' Manor of Listithiel, there having been long suits between the Lord Roberts and the Tennants of that Manor for that Royalty. And when his Highness came to Tavistock he was again Petitioned by many women for the liberty of their husbands, whom Sir Richard had committed to Prison for refusing to Grind at his Mill, which, he said, they were bound by custom to do. So by his Martial Power he had asserted whatever Civil Interest he thought fit to lay claim to, and never discharged any man out of Prison till he absolutely submitted to his pleasure Yet, notwithstanding all this. Sir Richard was not sooner committed by the Prince, than even those who had complained of him as much as any, expressed great trouble, and many Ofiicers of those Forces which he had Commanded in a Tumultuous manner. Petitioned for his release, and others took great pains to have the indisposition of the people and the ill accidents that followed imputed to that proceeding against Sir Richard Greenvil, in which none were 318 The History of the Granville Family. more forward than some of the Prioce's own Household Servants, who were so tender of him, that they forgot their duty to their. Master." Even his imprisonment did not check his tyranny. Lord Clarendon states that there were in the gaol at Launceston, at this time, where he himself was committed, at least thirty persons, Constables and other men, whom he had committed and imposed fines upon, some of them four and five hundred pounds, upon pretence of delinquency (of which he was in no case a proper judge) for the payment whereof they were detained in prison. Amongst the rest was the Mayor of St. Ives, one Hammond, who had there the reputation of an honest man, and was certified to be such by Colonel Eobinson the Governor and by all the neighbouring gentlemen. After the late insurrection there he had given his bond to Sir Richard Greenvil of five hundred pounds to produce a young man who was then absent, and accused to be a favourer of that Mutiny, within so many days. The time expired before the man could be found, but within three days after the expiration of the time, the Mayor sent the fellow to Sir Richard Greenvil. That would not satisfy, but he sent his Marshall to the Mayor himself and required fifty pounds of him for having forfeited his bond, and upon his refusal to pay it forthwith, committed him to the gaol at Launceston. The son of the Mayor presented a Petition to the Prince at Truro for his father's liberty, setting forth the matter of fact as it was, and annexing a very ample testimony of the good afi"ection of the man. The petition was referred to Sir Richard Greenvil, with direction " that if the case were in truth such, he should discharge him." As soon as the son brought this petition to him, he put it in his pocket, told him " the Prince understood not the business, and committed the son to gaol, and oaused irons to be put on him for his presumption." Upon a second petition to the Prince at Launceston, after the time that Sir Richard himself was committed, he directed the Lord Hopton " upon examination of the truth of it to discharge the man ; of which when Sir Richard heard, he sent to the gaoler ' to forbid him at his peril to discharge Hammond, threatening him to make him pay the money,' and after that caused an action to be entered in the Town Court at Launceston upon the forfeiture of the bond." Sir Richard's imprisonment, and the dissentions that arose llie History of the Granville Family. 319 in consequence, gave the finishing stroke to the war in the West ; the service everywhere languished, the soldiers gradually deserted, and Lord Hopton was compelled, after some faint resistance, to disband, and accept of such conditions as the enemy would give. Lord Clarendon writing in his retirement at Jersey to Sir Edward Nicholas a few months afterwards, commented on the incident of Sir Richard's arrest as follows : — In the itnprysoning of Sir Eichard Grenvile (who is most unworthy of ye reputacioii he had) we were absolutely necessitated to it We had no reason to believe his interest in ye country soe great ; neither in truth was it, but ye genal indisposicon w'='^ at ye time possessed men was very apparent, when those very men who complayned against him, and seemed to despise him, took occasion to grumble at his removal. (Clarendon MSS. Printed in Lister's " Life of Clarendon," iii., 38). After Sir Eichard's committal, the officers and soldiers of the Army to the number of 4,000 presented a petition to the Prince that he might be speedily brought to his trial before a Court of War, there to receive the justice that belongs to a soldier, or else be restored to his former commands ; and Sir Richard himself petitioned the Prince that he might speedily account for any crime he had been guilty of, or else have leave to depart the kingdom for his own safety and preservation. But both petitions were rejected, and the Prince's Council returned answer that Sir Richard's " crime was against the King "and his service, and therefore his Majesty should be first acquainted therewith and then Sir Richard should know his answer." So marked was the feeling of indignation amongst the soldiers against Sir Richard's imprisonment, that it was deemed expedient to remove him from Launceston, and a warrant was signed for consigning him as a prisoner to Barnstaple, [cf. Sir Richard Granville's Narrative of the Proceedings of His Majesty's afiairs in the West of England, &c. Carte's letters L 96). But as the course of events rendered this impracticable, his destination was altered to St. Michael's Mount in Cornwall, whither he was conveyed under the care of a corporal and ten troopers. Whilst Sir Richard was a prisoner in the Mount he employed certain of his servants to remove such goods as he had then in Cornwall into some place of safety. " Some of which goods being nigh Penryn were on their removal made stay of, his truncks broke open and searched, where finding nothing questionable they were afterwards dismissed. The other part 320 The History of the Granville Family. of his goods being embarked at Padstow had a more severe fortune, for General Hopton, without any order from his Highness, sent an officer of his to survey the goods, and he compelled all to be again brought on land, and then he with his associates broke open every trunck, chest, pack, and box locked, forcing the servants away from the sight of their actions. And then every man took to himself what he found pleasing, and also invited others of the army to share of what was left ; and shortly afterwards the enemy drove them thence and took all the remainder of the goods of any great value." On the 2nd of March, when news came that the Royalist army was retiring from Bodmin and that the enemy, in the words of Lord Clarendon, were " marching furiously after " there was reasonable apprehension of the Prince's safety in the minds of his Council, and that same night he embarked from the secret water-port of Pendennis Castle, and, on the 4th landed at one of the Isles of Scilly. Amongst those in attend- ance upon him was young "Jack" Granville, who had been promoted on his recovery from his wound to the rank of a Brigadier of Foot, and the following year had been appointed a Gentleman of the Bedchamber to the Prince of Wales (cf. Lady Fanshawe's Memoirs, 1829, p. 56). The Prince, it appears, had formed a strong attachment for him, he being much about the same age as himself, and he obtained the King's consent thus to have him near his person. There was a remarkable letter upon his appointment found amongst the Queen's letters, (ungenerously printed by Order of Parliament to expose her influence in the war), wherein it appears that she was offended at young Granville's promotion, as done without her partici- pation. The King excuses himself on the ground of the lad's promising merit, the signal services of his father, the interest of his family and the earnest request of the young Prince himself. This letter is still extant in the ejkwv (iaa.XiK^. After a stay of nearly six weeks at S. Mary's, where they were much straitened for want of necessary provisions, the Prince and his Council transferred themselves to Jersey. There he was gladly entertained by Sir George Carteret in Elizabeth Castle, where, though he was barely sixteen years old, he held levies and dined in state, proving himself already a proficient in the art of obtaining popularity ; for says the old Jersey Chronicler, " C'est un prince grandement benin." Sir George Carteret got him a pleasure boat from St. Malo, and the Prince, with John Granville, doubtless, as his attendant, spent hours in steering about the island-bays, though never venturing •Tlie History of the Granville Family. 321 l>eyond range of the castle guns. He stayed more than two months in Elizabeth Castle, and then left to join the Queen in Paris. Upon the advance of the enemy into the heart of Cornwall, Sir Richard had sent another petition to the Prince " for leave to depart the Kingdom, and that his services might find some other reward than the delivering him up into the hands of that enemy from whence he had no reason to expect the least degree of mercy." Accordingly the Prince, before he escaped himself from Pendennis Castle, left orders behind that Sir Richard should be allowed to escape also, to prevent his falling into the hands of the army ; and the day following the Prince's escape (March 3rd), Sir Richard took boat and sailed for Brest where he arrived on the 1 4th, and journeyed thence to Nantes. Here, after some delay, he was joined by his son Richard and his tutor, Mr. Herbert Ashley, who had been living at Rouen since January, 1843-4. The following letter from Sir Richard to Mr. Ashley was written when young Richard was first sent out of danger's way. It is amongst the Tanner MSS. in the Bodleian : — SIR RICHARD GRANVILLE TO MR. HERBERT ASHLEY. I have reed of the 6"' of this, aud ame very glad of y'' safe arrivell at S' Mallowes, if yo'' may fiude Cane fitter than Rohan for y^' residence and my sonnes education I shall leave it to y'' choice. — Cane being a more pleasant and healthy place and lesse inhabited by English, in wliich respect I conceive it fitter, then Roan, yet I leave it to y'' choice : and earnestly desire yo" that my sonne may converse with soe few Englishe as may be, nor presume to doe any thinge w"'put your knowledge and leave. For his education I desire he may constantly and diligently be kept to the learneing of the French tongue, readinge, writinge, and arithmetick — Also rydeinge, fenceinge and daunceinge ; this is all I shall expect of him: which if he follow accordinge to my desire for his owne good, he shall not want any thinge : But if I understand that he neglects in any kind, what I have herein commanded him to doe, truely I will neither allow him a penny to mayntaine him, nor looke on him againe as my sonne — And that you may the move fully execute and performe the trust which I have imposse on yo" concerning his welfare, I have sent heerwitli vnto yo" a warrant of authority for the same. I have lath'' in the night attempted to force Plymouth workes, and tooke one of them, nighe the Maudlin worke, and had my seconds perform 'd their parts, Plymouth ^by all probability) had been now certainly ours : but all proceeds with us successfully and hopefull. The Scots have certainely lost two great Battels, and by it, many of their best Townes are now possest by the Kings M'tye : whereupon Generall Leisley is go^\'n out of England with most of his forces to releeve his Scotish friends. Just now credible newes is brought me that by fowle weather and a leake, a great London Shipp come from the Straights was glad to save herselfe by 322 77^6 History of the Granville Family. tlirustinge into Dartmouth, whither she is secured and is conceived to be worth above an hundred thousand pounds, besides forty thousand pounds in silver, which she hath brought with her. You shall speedily receive from me a bill of exchange for twenty pounds and I must desire you to be soe p'vident as conveinently you may, because monyes with me is very hardly to be gotten, and soe God blesc you all. Buckland Monachonun y® 17th January 1604 Y"^ affectionate friend Ry Grenvile, The next letters are also from Sir Richard to Mr. Ashley, and are written after his arrival in France, urging him to bring his son as quickly as possible to Nantes : — I am now travailing towards Nants, and intend to stay there till I heare from you, and so do now write again to y*^ same effect, w*''' is, to desire y' you come with my sonne to me at Nants with all convenient speede : and y* you bring with you all y'' remainder of y^ mony made of y'' sarges I sent over longe since, and an accompt of y" same. Mr. (jCo Potter, merchant, is now at St. Maloes, and will assist you for y'' iourney in any thing needful. Brest Y"^ freind 24th March Ry Grenvile. New Stile. By my two former letters I advertised you y' I landed at Brest in Ih-ittany on y^ 14th of March : and by both those 2 letters I desired y' you and my sonne should come to me so soone fs you could, and to bring with you all y® remainder of y'' monies made, or to be made of ye sarges I last sent over for y'' maintenance : but because I have heard nothing of you since my landing, I now therefore againe desire you, togetlier with my sonne to travaile to Nantes, where Mr. John Hole merchant will advise and assist you in what I desire you should followe. I pray take notis y' Mr. George Potter merch' is one y*^ will take sufficient order for y"^ comeing to me. if you meete with him, he is now at St. Maloes and will be (as I am informed) speedily at Roan : If you come to St. Maloes and finde there a ship bound for Nantes, it may chance to be y'' speediest passage by sea : but if you come by land, your best meanes wilbe to agree with ye usuall messenger y' comes weekely to Nantes. I desire y'' coming to me should be so private as may be, and as speedy Nantes Y'^ faithfull freind 3rd Aprill 1646 Ry Grenvile Nants 18th Aprill 1646 Yo" of y*" 3P'' of March, came to my handes y** 16*^'' of this. I have not i-eceived a woid from or of you else, since I came into France, though I have sent 5 severall letters to you, w"^'' imported (as doth this) y"^ speedy coming to me, now at Nants where with trouble I stay expecting you. I conceived y^ sarges would well have yeilded monies to supply y"^ necessary occasions, but being not sold as by y'' letter I have taken order, y* Mr. George Potter (an English merch' at St. Maloes) should oraer his correspoudant at Roiien to The Hifitory of the Granville Family. 323 pay you 300'' or 400" Livers bournois, if you needed it, and to advise you to come to me with my sonne y® shortest or nighest way, if y'' stay be longe, you will misse me, for I am speedily for Italie. I pray send to Mr. George Potter merch' at St. Maloes a coppy of y" note of y^ severall pieces ot sarges, w''*' I sent you from England, or else as they now remaine, that he may know how to dispose of them y* are not yet sold Let y"' iorney be so private as it may yo : affectionate friende Ey Grenvile Ricliard and his tutor must have joined Sir Richard soon after this letter was written, as they all left Nantes that month and proceeded to Italy, " for the war against the Turk, not much unlike the unhappy war of England." There they stayed about a year, visiting Naples and other cities. But before leaving Nantes, Sir Richard wrote the following amusing letter to "an Honorable person in the City of London concerning the affairs of the west " which he caused to be published. It is a Parthian shot against his old enemy Lord Colepepper, one of the members of the Prince's Council, who, (with Hyde, afterwards Lord Clarendon,) had taken the initiative in having him deposed from his command and incarcerated in Launceston Castle : — Right Honorable Former obligations have moved me to represent unto you my affectionate service. I am now at Nantes in France and about to depart hence towards Italy for the war against the Turk (not much unlike the unhappy war of England). My Lord, I truly value you in the number of my best and honorable Friends, and therefore have presumed to send you herewith a narrative truth concerning the former proceedings of the affairs of the West of England, though not so particular as the evil managing thereof deserved ; since which an unhappy least chanced at Penrin (a town nigh Pendennis Castle in Cornwal) for Hopton with his new forces (lately before) taking a strange affright at a party of the Parliament's forces at Torrington in Devon, and flying into Cornwal with his men dispersed several ways, like a wilde-goose chace ; the sad Newes thereof made the Prince command the Earl of Brandford and Lord Culpepper with all speed to meet the Lord Hopton and Lord Capel at Wadebridge nigh the heart of Cornwal, to advise on affairs for the safety of the West, (I think, to shut the stable door when the horse was gone), but Culpepper in his haste and way finding some gentlemen merry and drinking in Penrin town, he would needs make one amongst them and so did till night came, and then Bacchus prevailing, Culpepper's eloquence displeased Mr. Slingsby by which grew a quarrel betwixt them two onely, and at bare fistycuffs they were a good space till the company parted them, and then Culpepper and Slingsby in the Moonshine got them into the gai'den, and like two cocks at the end of a Battel not able to stand wel, offer'd and peck'd at one another till the weight of Slingsbie's head drew him to the ground, which advantage Culpepper took hold of and by it got Slingsbie's sword, and then like St. George made much more triumphant flourishes over Slingsby then a German Fencer at the beginning of a Prize, 324 Uie History of the Granville Family:'. but by good fortune the rest of the associates came in and easily persuaded the Duellists to end the quarrel by the cup again, which service continued till the next day with divers and various bouts at fisty cuffs : the next day (about ten of the clock) they having red Herrings and mustard for Itreakfast, Culpepper again gave Slingsby distate, whereon he threw a dish of mustard in Culpepper's face (taking his nose for a red Herring; which procured another grevious incounter in such sort that the Market people (to part the fray) thronged the house full, whereby that also was taken up, and the saucy Lord fain to get his mustard-Face Eyes Heard Band and Coat wash'd ; and about four of the next evening Culpepper rid on in his hasty journey to overtake the Lord of Branford, who rid chafing and staying for him above twenty four hours in his way. Such a Privie-Councellor will soon finish his Master's businesse one way, preferring his own delights before the important businesse that concerns the safety of tlie Prince etc. This story is indeed very true in every particular, and so I leave it with you and depart. Your Lordship's humble servant, K. Grenvile. Nantes in France 9 April 1646 New Stile Whilst Sir Richard was iu Italy, and young "Jack" in attendance upon the Prince in Paris, Lady Grace, broken- hearted and sorrowful at the total overthrow of the Royal cause in the West, to which ^so much life and treasure had been sacrificed, sickened and died, and was laid to rest by the side of her brave husband in Kilkhampton Church on the 8th of June, 1647. Few as are the fragments handed down to us after the lapse of nigh three centuries, every letter written by Lady Grace serves to enshrine some characteristic of a sweet and noble woman. Each presents to us a vivid picture of successive stages of her history ; from the letters of her earlier married years, when her life was rich in happiness, to those of later days when, overwhelmed with sorrow, she penned words which must find an answering echo in the hearts of all. Compared with that of her heroic husband, her character must needs seem drawn with softer outlines, yet, gentle as she was, she bravely bore her part in the troubles of the time, and endured her crowning sorrow with a patient courage, which makes us slad that such as she have lived and left so sweet a record of their lives. Besides Jack and her two married daughters she left four younger children, namely Bridget, who was now sixteen, Bernard, who was fourteen, Joana, ten, and Dennis a year younger. Probably is was to comfort Jack and his young brothers and sisters in their bereavement, and to superintend the manage- ment of the estate, that Sir Richard was induced to take a very venturesome journey to England at this time. He knew well The History of the Granville Family* 325 the estimation in whicli be was held, and how odious he was to Parliament ; so odious that, in the following year, he was expressly named in the Treaty of Newport as one of the seven to be excluded from pardon, and again afterwards under the Protectorate, in a secret article of a Treaty with France, he was one of the twenty obnoxious persons to be excluded from from either country. But venturesome as the journey was he undertook it, his son having already preceded him. He disguised himself, cutting off his hair and wearing " a very large perewigg hanging on his shoulders," and keeping his beard, which was doubtless auburn like his brother Bevill's, (hence his nickname "Red Fox"), black, "with a blacklede •combe," so that "none would know him but by his voyse." {cf. Examination of William Matthew " Cofiiander of y*" good .shipe the Expedicon of Plym" taken before Ch : Ceely, Mayor of Plymouth andBarth: Nicholls, Justice of Peace, 5 July, 1647). How long Sir Richard stayed in England is not known, or whether he was recognized. Records of all kinds are very iscanty for the year 1647. It is certain, however, that he escaped with his life, and returned to Holland, where he was .soon after this date living with his daughter, but of his son we hear no more. It is probable that he met his death by treachery, as Lord Lansdowne particularly mentions that the son fell into the enemy's hands and was hanged ; whilst Hals gives the incredible story in his MSS. that he was executed at Tyburn, " for robbinge Passengers on the highway to releive his necessity". Towards the end of the year 1648 the Scilly Islands revolted from the Parliament and became the last rallying point of the Royalists. On the 8th of December in that year John ■Granville was Kniglited and appointed Governor of these Islands to hold them for the King (Ormond's Letters I., 377); but he had been there barely three weeks when tidings reached him of the execution of the King. "With passionate indignation he immediately proclaimed King Cliarles the Second, and could find no words hard enough for Cromwell and the regicides. He wrote violently from Scilly : — " The extraordinary ill newes J have heard since my being here concerning the horrible murder and treason committed on the Person of his Most Sacred Majesty has transported me with grief I hope God will avenge it on the heads of the damned authors and contrivers of it As soon as I was assured of this sad truth and had solemnly paid here our abundant griefs in infinite tears, having 326 I'he History of the Granville Family. commanded throughout these islands a day of mourning and humiliation for our most fatal and incomparable loss, I thought it my particular duty to proclaim His Majesty, that now is, King." Brit. Mus , Egerton MSS. 2533. fo. 474. But the war between the two parties was not ended by the King's death. Defeated by land the Royalists once more acquired a considerable strength by sea. In Jersey Sir George Carteret collected a squadron, built on the model of the privateers of St. Malo, for sailing in the narrow seas, and was victorious far and wide ; Prince Rupert made Kinsale his head quarters, whilst Sir John Granville fortified the Scilly Islands, already strong from their natural position and the works erected there by former Kings. From these three points this robber warfare was opened against the trade of the English Republic. A¥hatever sailed to and from England, or lay off its coasts, was declared fair spoil, let the owners be who they might. The communication between Ireland and England was rendered insecure, and sometimes completely interrupted, by royalist privateers. For such a power as England, devoted to the sea by nature, this was an intolerable state of affairs. The Parliament accordingly fitted out a powerful fleet under Admirals Blake and Sir George Ayscue to recover the Scilly Islands. Sir John had been joined by his young brother Bernard, who was then barely eighteen years of age, and who had made his escape from his tutors. Young Bernard managed to carry considerable reinforcements to his brother, by the help of Mr, Rasleigh, at whose seat at Menabilly, near Fowey, he lay concealed for the purpose. In the interim of the siege Van Tromp, the Dutch Admiral, appeared before Scilly with a powerful fleet, and tempted Sir John Granville with the offer of no less a sum than one hundred thousand pounds to cede the islands to the States-General. But the noble Cavalier stood there to contend against treason, not to imitate it ; and he refused to yield up an inch of British soil to a stranger He thought it, however, his duty to acquaint with the King with the offer, but His Majesty, notwithstanding his great necessities, rejected the bribe also, and chose rather to direct a surrender to the Parliament than to dismember any part of his dominions, indigent as he was and hopeless at that time to recover the possession to himself, " such tenderness had that Prince, whom it is become the fashion to load so heavily, for his country, even when he was under the greatest distress." (Pamphlet by George, Lord Lansdowne). Accordingly, Sir John and his brother were at last compelled The History of the Granville Family. 327 to surrender the Islands, June, 1651, yet on terms so favourable, that the Parliament refused to ratify the conditions ; but Blake, who was a man of honour, insisting on making good what he had signed or threatening to throw up his commission, the Parlia- ment acquiesced. By these Articles it was provided that Sir John himself and all others, of whose names he gave a list, should be at liberty to return home and be restored to their estates. Under these conditions Sir John Granville resided in England, and was employed by commission from the King to manage the royal interests at home, being a leading member of " the Sealed Knot," and took part in all the eight several attempts that were made between 1652 and 1659 for the restoration of the Monarchy. The following account of the next few years of Sir Richard's life is taken from the " Vindication " : — " In February, 1650, I received in Holland His Majesty's gracious commands by Letter from Jersey, imparting his Pleasure to me that for some special occasions towards his service, he would have me return speedily to a Place convenient in France nigh him, to be resident to attend to his services. Accordingly I obeyed, and found His Majesty at Beauvais in France, in his way for Holland. I continued at hand, attending his Pleasure, till to my great grief, he departed for Scotland." The following is a copy of the " Safe conduct of Louis XIV. for Sir Richard from Holland into France to join the King." Brit. Museum, Add. MSS. 15856, fol. 63, v. SAFE CONDUCT OF LOUIS XIV FOR SIR RIC. GRENVILE. S' Rich : ^ ^ tons cfec. vt supra que vous ayez a laisser seurement et librement passer par tons les eiidroicts de vos poiivoirs juris- dictions et destroicts le S'' Richard Grenville, Chevalier Anglais, ^venant d'Hollande en ce Royaume passant par la Flanders avec dix Anglais de sa suite pour le service de nre trescher et tresame bon Frere et cousin le Roy de la grande Bretague sans luy donner ny a ceux de sa suite aucun arrest treuble ou empeschement, mais au contraire toute ayde faveur et assistance car tel est nre plaisir. Donne a Dijon le 28® jours de mars mil six cens cinquante. Louis. Par le Roy la Regne Regente sa Mere pfete Delominie. Grenvilles Passe to goe from Holland into France. After the King's departure to Scotland Sir Richard lived for a time in Brittany, and the following letter was addressed by him to his Royal Highness the Duke of York, who was then in great distress in the Island of Jersey. 328 The History of the Granville Family. SIR RICHARD GRANVILLE TO HIS HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF YORK. May it please your Royal Highness Hearing your Highness is luider some straits at Jersey, since his Majesty left you there, I have presumed out of my , great zeal for your Highness's Service, by the assistance of an honest loyal Merchant here in St. Malo's, Mr. John Richards, to make your Highness a present of Six Hundred Pounds, which I humbly present by the Bearer, Major Madren, a Cornish gentleman who was Major to my regiment when I had the honour to be His Majesty's General in the West. He will fiu'ther acquaint your Highness, that I have likewise out of my small Stock sent Relief of Llothes for the soldiers and Provisions to Colonel Hodge Surges at Guernsey Castle, which will enable him to defend that place the longer against the Rebels in the Island. " These voluntary services I hope will preserve me in your Highness's good opinion, notwithstanding I have so powerful an enemy as Sir Edward Hyde to misrepresent my Actions and Loyalty to the King, to whose service and to your Koyal Highness's I shall be alwaj^s devoted with great sincerity. Presuming therefore upon my Duty to your Highness, I must beseech you to admit me to make an humble Petition, on behalf of a nephew, my godson now with me, second son to my brother Sir Bevil Grenvile who was slain at Lansdowne. That your Highness would be pleased to receive him ■with your Family and Service near your Person. His education has been, since he left his brother in Scilly, at an academy in Angers, and I find his inclinations lead him to venture his life and run his fortune in the immediate service of your Highness. Wherefore I Avill be answerable for him and support him if yoiir [lighness will please to accept of his service, beseeching your Highness to believe me with the utmost Submission and Duty May it please your Royal Highness your Royal Highness's most obedient and most dutiful servant Richard Grenvile From S. INIalo's 1650. The following is tlie Duke's answer from Jersey : — Sir Richard Grenville I have received from the hands of Major Madren the Six Hundred Pounds you have most seasonably supply'd me with in this Place, the want of money having detained me here ever since the King went to 15reda, but now with ' this Help I will suddenly remove, and wheresoever I am retain a memory of this your particular service to myself. What you have desired of me ' concerning your nephew, now with you, when I am in a position to increase my Family I will take into my Service upon your Recommendation, but- for the present my condition will allow me no more near my Person but Harry Jeniiyn and Charles Bucley. When I leave this Place you shall know where to address to Your affectionate Friend - James. After this Sir Richard followed the Court into Holland, where he seems to have attempted reprisals upon the Earl of Suffolk, for we find that one of Milton's Latin " State Letters " is addressed to the Archduke J.eopold of Austria, Governor of The Histoi^y of tJie Granville Famdy. 329 the Spanish Netherlands (undated), to the effect that Sir Charles Harbord, an Englishman, has had certain goods and household stuff violently seized at Bruges by Sir Richard Granville. The goods had originally been sent from England to Holland in 1 652 by the then Earl of Suffolk, in pledge for a debt owing to Harbord, and Granville's pretext was, that he also was a creditor of the Earl, and had obtained a decree of the English Chancery in his favour. Now, by the English law, neither was the present Earl of Suffolk bound by that decree, nor could the goods be distrained under it. The decision of the Court to that effect was transmitted, and His Serenity was requested to cause Granville to restore the goods, inasmuch as it "was against the community of nations that anyone should be allowed an action in foreign jurisdiction, which he would not be allowed in the country where the cause of the action first arose. Nevertheless, in spite of much litigation and this State Letter, Sir Richard continued to retain these goods, worth, is is said, £27,000 until his death, when they we given up, without compensation, by his daughter Elizabeth. In October, 1652 ^iir John Granville married Jane, the only surviving daughter of Sir Peter Wych, Knight (who had been Ambassador at Constantinople for twelve years, and was after- wards Comptroller of the Household to King Charles I.) by his wife Jane, daughter of Sir William Meredith, of Wrexham, in the county of Denbigh, Knight, paymaijter of the army in the reigns of Elizabeth and James 1. Lady Meredith was the daughter of Sir Thomas Palmer, of Wingham, Baronet, who was Knighted by the Earl of Essex for his valour at the taking of Cadiz, and afterwards advanced to the dignity of a Baronet. Sir John's first child, a daughter, was born in August, 1653, and baptized at Kilkhampton on the 23rd of that month, being named Jane after her mother. The following August a second daughter was born, and was named Grace after poor Lady Grace. The baptism took place at St. Giles in the Fields on the 3rd of September, 1654, and the following letters to Sir John from his young wife were written shortly before her second confinement : — JANE LADY GRANVILLE TO HER HUSBAND. Jnne the 14. My Deare Heart, I reseued thy letter of the 7 from Stowe ; I am sory to see that iosted of comming hether thou art gone backe agane. I deleuered my brother the 330 The History of the Granville Family. lettar thou senst him, and perceue by that, that thou woiildst have him come doune to thee ; which I could skears have beleud, had not I seen it oundar thine one hand, hauing not wrot on woord to mee of it, I am now without, anny man in the house ; my father being gone, and Jacke is drounk all day ; and leyes out of nights, and if I do but tell him of it, hee will be gone presantly, tharfore for God sake make hast up ; for I am so parpetualy ell that I am not fit to be anny longgar left in this condission ; my poore motther hath now so much bisnese, that I do not know how long she will be abble to tarry with me, and if that should happen ; which (iod forbeed it should, at anny time ; much more now ; what dost you thinke 1 should do ; I want the things thou prommysed to send me, very much, which being so long to put in a lettar ; I ha/e giuen my brother a not of; my deare considar how nere I am my time ; and many women comming this yeare before thar time, on o* our iiabours heere is come in the 7 month which I now am in, the child being bourne without etther hare or nalles thay are both yet alive but dangarusly ell, thou mayst now thinke how impasiont, I am tell I see thee agane, thinking every day a hundared yeare, my aftecksion being so gret that I wounder how I haue stayd tell the outmoust time ; I will saye no more now ; hopping to see thee every day but that I am ever will bee thy most affectionate and fathfull wife and sarvant Thy babe bages thy bles.>ing. Jane Grenuile, {Superscription) For thy deare selfe. FROM THE SAME TO THE SAME. July the 4 1654 Deare Hearte I have rescued thine of the 30 June, pardon my not answering thine of ' the 15, for really I was very besse a getting up my clouts. I hope that will pled my excuse, but that of the 22 I did asvnsar which I hope ere this is come safe to thy hands and likewise gave thee an account of the mis- carry of thy writting, which I can heere nothing of as yet on the day apounted for the j his assistance, of under- taking the ministry ; and hope th' by his grace I shall continue in them ; which that I may do I beg your prayers and the prayers of all good Christians, for I am not insensible of the many diflSculties which I have to struggle with, but I praise God^ where I feared I might have met with some I have not yet met with any, I mean amongst my own relations ; for I'll assure you th' not one of them hath us'd any argument to dissuade me from being a minister. I confess some others have occasionally done it, but I trust in God th' the devil and his instruments shall never in this particular, prevail against me : The History of the Granville Family. 375 though reflecting vpon my own. infirmities, I may justly fear it, did I not also look to my Saviour at the right hand of God, making intercession for me, who hath promised not to suffer his servants to be tempted above what they are able, but will also with the temptation make a way to escape. Dear friend, pray let me hear from you ; for I value nothing more than conference with God's children by letters, if not by personal discourse ; and I hope we have a Christian love for each other, though perchance we differ in opinion in some trivial circumstances. But it is my principal (and I hope ever will be) th' difference in judgment, when not in fundamentals, is not a sufficient ground (as now it daily is) for breach of charity where there is hope of sincerity. But no more of this at present. I do heartily pray th* God by his Holy Spirit would give us both a right judgment in all things, and show us the truth in whatsoever we err or are deceived. I do once more desire your prayers in a particular manner ; (you shall not want, mine) being often something startled at the difficulties I discern in a Christian course of life ; especially in undertaking th' weighty calling which makes the Apostle cry out who is sufficient for these things ? Well, friend, farewell. I beseech God to preserve you. 1 intended once to discourse further with you but I am prevented. I shall ever be your friend & servant in the Lord, Dennis Grenvile. Superscription For Mr. George Trosse at his Chamber in Pembroke College in Oxford. His actual ordination, however, did not take place until after the Restoration, for we learn from a letter addressed to his friend Beveridge that they received Holy Orders together from the hands of Bishop Saunderson in the year 1661. His first preferment was Kilkhampton, where he succeeded Nicholas Monk, promoted for the part he took in the Eestoration, to the See of Hereford, 13 January, 1661. As, however, no record of his incumbency appears in the Parish Registers, he, probably, never resided at Kilkhampton ; but a letter from Bishop Cosin's domestic chaplain, Davenport, to Bancroft, dated Auckland, October 4th, 1662, sufficiently proves that he was at the time Rector, (c/. Tanner MSS., xlviii, 55.) Two events, which occurred about this time, gave him no doubt a claim to future patronage, which was scarcely likely to be overlooked. Charles H. made him one of his Chaplains in Ordinary, and he married Anne, daughter of Bishop Cosin. But there is no reason to suppose that he w^as a man who received preferment simply on the ground of family connection. There is abundant evidence that he threw himself gallantly into the work of re-construction which was so much needed in the Diocese of Durham, over which Cosin was called to 876 The History of the Granville Family. preside, when the Church and the Monarchy were re-established. And Cosin was a man of far too high administrative power to select unfit instruments as his co-adjutors in the task which he so resolutely took in hand. : j The earliest preferments which Dennis Granville received from Bishop Cosin were the first stall in the Cathedral, his installation to which bears date September 24, 1662, and the Archdeaconry of Durham with the Rectory of Easington annexed, to which he was collated in the same year To these was added in 1664 the Rectory of El wick, which he resigned in 1667 on obtaining Sedgefield The death of Dr. Naylor, who was iiector of Sedgefield, occasioned also a vacancy in the second, or golden, stall of the Cathedral, to which G-ranville was removed on the 16th April, 1668. These were assuredly great preferments ; too great indeed, in some respects, to be given to so young a man as he then was. The consequence was " Jeshurun waxed fat and kicked." The rich young pluralist, instead of staying at one at least of his cures, was constantly careering about at Oxford and in London, to which latter place he was attracted by being chaplain to the King. This, of course, disgusted so strict a disciplinarian as Bishop Cosin, who complains of his son-in-law's non-residence, and still more of the reason he gave for it, which was in truth the strangest ever given for absenteeism, " because his wife had taken physic." " I know not what to do with Mr. Crenvyle," writes the Bishop, " who is still at Oxford idling away his time, and suffering his curates to be non-resident at Easington and Sedgefield as hee himselfe is, under colour of his wife's taking physick, who for ought I see never needed any, for from her coming to Durham to this day she was never better in all her life, though she be now thrust up into a coop, and a strait close ^lace which may much endanger her health. But hee is a wilful man and will order her as he lists. In the meanwhile, though I went to visit both him and her a month since, I never saw either of them at my lodgings here, for she dares not go forth of her own without his leave, which leave, it seems, hee left not behind him," Again, in another letter, the Bishop writes : " Mr. Crenvyle's priviledge is now out of doors for his privilege lasteth no longer than 20 dayes after the adjournment of the Parliament. I told you in my last that he had carried his wife from Bigglesworth to Oxford, and now I can tell you that he hath left her there (where she is not acquainted at all) with a kinswoman of his there whom I know not : being himselfe come up hither to London to see the funeral 1 of the Ihe History of the Granville Family. 377 late General!/ which is this day to pass from Sommerset House to Westminster. Hee tells me his wife is very well, and that the waters were so much out as they journejed about Newarke, that they were forct to stay 12 dayes by the way, which 1 think was no way to cure her from the lightlies of her head, but rather a certaine way to augment her old, or else to get her a worse and a new disorder." i;n the 20th of December, 1670, he took his Doctor of Divinity degree at Oxford, and appears to have spent some months after this in London with his wife — possibly on her account. There can be no doubt that their married life was a time, of much domestic infelicity. Mrs. Granville laboured under occasional attacks of mental excitement, of the extent of which the Bishop and his family appear to have been either ignorant or incredulous. John Proud, Dennis' faithful and devoted servant, wrote in after years that he was "the best of husbands to her, and took all imaginable care for her recover}'. Shee was a very pious good woman, and the best of all her sisters (that I knew) in the intervalls of her distemper, which lessen'd as she grew older. He had noe [issue] by her, which [ often heard him bless God for." A further cause of domestic strife was the fact that the marriage portion, which he expected to have received with his wife, had never besn paid, and there exists a large quantity of correspondence on the subject which is characterised with much exasperation of feeling on both sides, and not only were the good offices of Lord Bath and of the Duke of Albemarle enlisted by Dennis in the matter, but even the King himself indited the following letter to Bishop Cosin on the subject : — - CHARF.ES II. TO BISHOP COSIN. Right Trusty and welbeloved, We greet you well. Wliereas We are informed th' our welbeloved servant Denis Grenvile hath yet received no portion with your daughter, though others very largely, at which wee cannott but justly wonder, especially since the Generall (a person so well deserving from the whole Kingdome and th' hath been so greatly instrumental! in Our happy Restauration) hath zealously appeared in his behalfe, and still resents the usage his kinsman hath mett withall And th' notwithstanding the Pre- ferments bestowed on him (though very good) have (as usually) brought divers and great incumbrances along with them, which hath increased that debt hee was unhappily involved in by the sufferings of his Familly, before he related to yours, you have yet contributed no assistance to alleviate his bur- then and present trouble, chiefly occasioned by your invitation of him into the North, which hath prov'd very infortunate to him in severall respects, and by the disingenuity of some emploj^'d in the proposal! of the match, may be a cause of much further misery to him, as well as posterity, if God send him any> George Monk, Duke of Albemarle. 378 The History of the Granville Family. Wee therefore taking his perplex'd condition into our consideration whicli Wee greatly pity and for whom Wee are so much concern'd that to signifie Our grace and favour unto him Wee are contented to write in this particular and extroardinary manner, being fully satisfied th' hee deserves th' good report which is generally given of him notwithstanding all that hath been said to the contrary to some of Our publick Ministers of State (which might have been forborne to have been said of a servant of Ours whom Wee thought worthy of our Royall Dispensation) cannot but recommend him in most eflfectuall manner unto you as a person not only well deserving in himselfe, but relating to a Family whose favour you would not doe well to contemne, that have done and suffered so much for Our Royall Father as well as Ourselfe, assuring you th' in bestowing a fortune on him suitable to his present un- happiness and helping him out of his distractions occasioned by his debts (which may now prove very injurious to your daughter as well as himselfe) you will not only doe yourselfe a great kindnesse but a most gratefull and acceptable thing to Us and divers considerable persons who heartily solicits on his behalfe, and will not rest satisfied till you have complied with his desires, which appeare very modest and reasonable not only to Ourselfe but must needs do the like (his quality and condition considered) to all indifferent and un- byassed persons th' truly understand his case. Wee shall say no more at ])resent but mind you that it is for the Churche's honour as well as your owne th' you put speedily to this affaire (without any more adoe) such a period as may give satisfaction to himselfe and relations. Expecting your complyance herein and an account of the same (which for your owne sake as well as his We shall be very sorry you should fail of) Wee bid you farewell Given at Our Court at Whiteliall the . . . day of in the 18"' yearu of Our Reign. Dennis Granville's imprudent expenditure had resulted in a most humiliating and public exposure of his pecuniary difficulties some three years previously. On the 8tli of July, 1674, as he was "-coming from publick prayers and a funerall (where the chiefest of the gentry of the country were assembled ) and being in his habitt he was openly arrested within the cloysters at the door of the cathedrall by three bailiffs." By a high-spirited man like Granville " with a strong dash of the cavalier about him," (as Surtees happily expresses it) this must have been felt as a most galling affront ; for the pride of the high-bred gentleman as well as the dignity of the churchman must alike have been most bitterly wounded. The manner in which he more than once refers in his correspondence to his " odeous arrest " sufficiently proves that this w^as tlie case. It was in vain that he pleaded his privilege as Chaplain-in-Ordinary to the King. The bailiffs w^ere inexorable ; an appeal to Mr. Eichard Neile the under-sheriff was equally unsuccessful, and Dr. Granville was carried off to gaol " with many aggravating circumstances." The matter however was not allowed to rest there. The appeal, which was made in vain to the under-sheriff and his bailiffs, was brought before the King in Council without much delay, and the result was that ' the King was LADY JOANNA GRANVILLE. WIPE OF COL. THORNHILL. From an Oriii'nud Portrait, Iji/ Wrij my said Will at- her eleccon. Item I give and devise unto Edward Tregenna and John Haver gentleman and their Heires one Annuity or yearely rent charge of fifty pounds a yeare during the life of Elizabeth the wife of Nicholas Courtney Esq"" to be issueing and goeing out of all my messuages lands and tenements in Saltash and S'' Stephens near Saltash cr elsewhere within the Hundred of East in the County of Cornwall, payable quarterly at the four most usuall fFeasts or dayes of payment in the yeare with power of distresse for n"'n payment under this speciall trust neverthelesse. That they the said Edward Tregenna and John Haver and their Heires shall from time to time pay into the hand of the said Elizabeth Courtney or permitt to be received by her or such other person Vicesimo sexto die or persons as she the said Elizabeth Courtney, notwithstanding AiuK^DninWemt '^^^^ Coverture by any writing by her signed, from time to time Com° I'leuobiliet shall direct and appoint The said Annuity or Rent of fifty Honorando viro pounds a yeare for her owne privat-e and particular expences Heurico Comitide ^yj^}^ which the said Nich(jlas Courtney is not to intermeddle Grantham '"a"] ^yitJlQ^t; her expresse appointment, and without being subject maximo et Exton ^ rr _ ' , \t- -u i Testi et codicilli unto any account to be given unto the said JNicholas Proenobilis et Courtney or to the disposall Debts or fiorfeiture of the HonorandceFosm- g^id Nicholas Courtney Item I, give unto Elizabeth Herbert, C*^ itifsar)ot[sTa3 Elianor Clarksoii and Martha Wynn, my late dear wifes- de™Nassau Dnoo Servants of her Chamber attending her at her death and D'Averquerque since in my service, the sume of one hundred jjounds apeice defta3 dum vixit over and besides the yeares wages above to them devised, Extricis Testi Item I give and devise unto every of my grand children Hondi" viri Gulmi ^"^^ great Grandchildren the sume of one hundred pounds Henrici nup apeice. And I will that twenty pounds of each of their comitis de Bath Legacyes shall be laid out in a Ring or piece of Plate to be defti dum vixit j^^gp^ by them respectively in memory of me. And I further Proenobili'^s^et^'^ devise unto John Aleman and Richard Gorton Hondi viri Caroli the sume of one hundred pounds apiece over and besides, nup Comitis de the yeares wages above devised. And I recommend them Batb '^.^^^ to the care and kindnesse of my two sonns. And my will et^ Legatarij*°™ '''^ ^^^^ ™y Executor continue all my Servants in my fFamily Kesiduarijnominat till after my fFuneralls. All the rest and residue of my inTestodci Projno personall Estate household goods. Stock, Corne, Cattle, Debts, vilis et Honorandi fj.Q„^ ^j^g 'K.mg, Money due from the Revenue of the Post Office, Cornitis'de^Ba'th'' Other my goods and chattells whatsoever, I give and defti ad adstrand devise unto my dear Sonn Charles Lord Granville, whom I bona jura et cred constitute and appoint my so!e and whole Executor in the dci Johis nup Place of my late dear deceased wife, desireing him to be careful! Comitis^de Bath discharge all my lawful 1 just Debts and Legacyes. And my tenorem et further will is that in case my said Testamentary Estate prove efiectum Testi et defective for dischargeing of my Debts and Legacyes That codicilli ipsius then all that the Honour and Mannor of Newhall in the county FrancLc^am comi- Essex, And all other the Honnours Mannors Messuages Lands tissam*Dolissam Tenements and Hereditaments unto which I am entitled by de Nassau Dnam from or under Christopher late Duke of Albemarle, either in D'Averquerqy possesssiou or Revertion, And alsoe all other my Mannors mort°uarn^°in^^ Messuages fFee fFarine Rents Lands Tenements and hereditam'^ tSstrata. De vene (except what is herein before devised to my Sonn John) shall etc. Jurat. stand charged for payment of my said Debts and Legacyes and of all Annuityes, (except one Annuity of fifty pounds p Annum charged on Potheridge for the life of M" Sherwin, formerly Gibbs) 396 The History of the Granville Family. Concordant cum And my will is that my said sonn Charles Lord Granville and his Orilibiis Testam*^" Heires in case of such deficiency of my personall Estate shall def uncti' facta'^ ^ Jjcaseing Mortgageing. or Sale of soe much of the premisses collatione per Nos soe charged as will be sufficient raise money to doe and performs Tho : Welham the same. Whereas John Manley Esq"^ hath faithfully served me as my Steward of the Stanneries and as my Councill at 1 aw. I doe in consideration thereof dischai'ge him of all accounts debts and demands. And appoint that one ObligaCon wherein he stands bound for payment of one hundred pounds unto me be delivered np nnto him to be cancelled. Item I give and devise unto M"^ Christopher Bedford my Chaplaine the summe of one hundred pounds over and besides his yeares sallary in consideraron of his dilligence and faithfull service. In witnesse whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seale this fifteenth day of August in the yeare of our Lord one thousand seaven hundred and one Bathe Signed sealed published and declared to be a Codicill to be added to the last "Will and Testament of the Right Hons^'^ John Earle of Bathe by him the said Earle in presence of us underwritten who subscribed our nimes attesting the same in his presence after the adding of the underwritten Device to the Lady Johanna Thornhill. Nicho : Courtney. Will Mathew. Christopher Bedford. J. Manley. Jo. Nicholls. Rich'' Clayton. J : Haver, ^astley I give and devise unto my dear and loveing sister the Lady Johanna Thornhill the sume of five hundred pounds to be by her disposed unto such charitable uses as slie shall think fit. Bathe Witnesse hereto the day and yeare abovesaid Nicho. r!ourtney, Will Mathew, J Manley, Jo : Nicholls, Christopher Bedfoid, Rich** Clayton, J Haver. ^eciiiio die mensis Septembris Anno dni miliimo Septingemo primo Emanavit Com" floubli vii-o Johanni Granville Arm Patruo et Curatori ttime assignato Praiuobili et Hondo Willimo Henrico Comiti de Bathe filio prtenobilis et hondi viri Caroli nup Comitis de Bathe defti (aum vixit) filij Extoris et Legatarij Residua? nominal in Testo et C'odicillo Prsenobilis et hohdi viri Johis nuper Comitis de I'athe defti habentis etc Ad admstrand bona jura et cred dicti .loliis Comitis de Bathe defti juxta tenorem et effectum Testi ipsius Keg'j Dept>i™ Ri Hides. [Ph Tyllott] 13° Septembiis 1701. Kecepi Te^ta- mentum et Codicillutn origiualia dicti Prenohilis et Honorandi viri Johannis Comitis Bathe in vsum meum. J. Granville. Testibus Tho : Welham Reg'.i Depto [Ph Tyllot] Primo die mensis Julij Anno Li'ni 1712 em' Com« praenobili et Honorandse Feminse Francisfe D'nae D'Auverquerque Comitissfe Dotissae de Nassau viduae Avie Bu7-gh, ter,King & relict of phrey de Earl of of Cas- Sir Otho Bohun, Ulsier, (J. tile and Swinford, Earl of 1363. Leon, Knt. d. Hereford, K.G.. d. in 1403. &c. in 1399 Lady Eli- zabeth Planta- genet, 5th dau. of Edw. I. Thos. Plan- tagenet, of Woodstock, Earl of Bucking- ham, Duke of Glouces- ter, K.G.. d. in 1399. I Lady Ele-: anor de Bohun, dau. of the Earl of Here- ford. -Humph- rey de Bohun, Earl of Here- ford. =Jamc-s Butler, Karl of Ormon- de. Philippa, =f Kdmund .loan, =j =Ralph John = P Mar- Edm.=^ pAnne, only dau. Mortimer, dau. of Neville Beau- garet, Staf- dau. and heir. Eail of Johnof Lord of fort, Mar- dau. ford, and 6.16 Aug. March. &c., Gaunt, Eaby. of Earl coheir 1355. (/. at Cork, Duke created quess Thos. of of 5 llich. II. of Lan- Earl of of Dor- Hol- Staf- Thos. 1 382. caster, West- set, land, ford, Duke (/. in more- Enrl of Earl K.G. of 1440. land, Som- of Glou- 1 ^ ]':arl erset. , Kent. cester Elizabeth, = Henry Percy, the Marshal K.G., dau. of 1 renowned!: otspur. of Eng- d. in Edmund, son of H enry. Earl land, d. 1410. Earl of of Northumber- in 1426. March. land, slain in 1403. I I Hen. Per-^ Eleanor, cy, Earl of Northum- berland, slain at St. Albans 22 May, 1455. dau. of Ralph, Earl of West- more- land. Eleanor,' dau. of Richard Beau- champ, Earl of War- wick, d. in 1467. Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somer.-et, Marquess of Dorset, K.G., d. in 1455. Anne, dau.: of Ralph Neville, I'^arl of West- moreland, =Humphrey Stafford, Duke of Bucking- ham, K.G. Hen. Percy, Earl=rEleanor, dau. & of Northumber- land, slain at Towtoii-field, 1460-1. heir of Richard Poyniugs, d. in 1474. Margai-et,: dau. of Edmund, Duke of Somerset. -Humphrey Stafford, Earl of Stafford, slain at St. Albans, v.p. I Hen. Percy ,= 4th Earl of Northum- berland, d. in 1489. =Maude.dau. of William, Eai'l of Pembroke. Widville.Farl Rivers, K.G., and sistfir of Elizabeth, Queen of Edward IV. Buckingham, Constable of Eng- land, K.G., be- headed in 1483. Eleanor, dau. of Henry Percy ,=f Edward, Duke of Buckingham, K.G. 4th Earl of Northumberland. | beheaded ou Tower Hill, in 1524. a James 2d= Earl of Ormonde, d. 1382. James, 3rd= Earl of Ormonde, d. 1405. =Eliza- beth, dau. of Sir John D'Arcy. Anne, dau. of John, Lord Wells. James, 4th-T-Joan, Earl of Ormonde, d. 1452. Thomas,: Earl of Ormon- de, d. 1515. Catherine, dau. of Richard=f=Henry, Duke of | dau. of Gerald, 5th Earl of Kil- dare. Anne, dau. & heir of Sir Rich. Hank- ford. Lady Ann=rSir Jas. Butler, dau. and coheir of Thomas, 7th Karl of Or- monde. St. Leger, Knt. The History of the Granville Family. 4:75 Mary.=j=George, Lord Sir George St Leger, Sheriff=pAnne, dau. of Edmund Knevyt, I Abergavenny. of Devon, 22 Henry VITI. I of Buckingham. Catherine, dau. of George,=pSir John St. Leger of Annery, Lord Abergavenny. I Devon, High Sheriff, 1562. Mary St. Leger, eldestT=Sir llichard Granville, Knt., of Stow, Admiral in the reign of Elizabeth, representative of Richard de Granville, Earl of Corbeil, a descendant of Rollo the Dane. leaner de, 474 ; Lady Margaret de, 55 ; Humphrey de, Earl of Hereford, 474 Bolingbroke, Lord, attainted, 415 Bonville, William, Loid, of Chuton, 57 Bossiney, 232 Bouchier, Sir Henry, 174 Boyer, Mayor of Bodmin, 83 Bozzi, Carlo, 439; Augustus, 439 Braband, an attorney, hanged by Sir R. Gran- ville, 283 Bradbridge, William, Bishop of Kxeter, 92 Bradock Down, engagement at, 249 I'racton, Henry de, Rector of Bideford, 48 Brantyngham, Thomas de, Bishop of Exeter, 55 rray.Mrs..Descriptioa of KilkhamptonChurch, 273 Braybroke, Robert, Rector of Bideford, Bishop of London, 54 Breda, Charles II. at, 347-349 Brest, Queen Henrietta Maria escapes to, 309 ; Sir R. Granville escapes to, 321 Breuilly, Seigneury of, 15, 16 I 'rihtric, dispossessed of the honour of Glouces- ter, 18, 19 Brinn, birthplace of Sir Eevill Granville, 128, 141 Bristol, St. James' Church, supposed Granville monument in 34 Brittany, Earl of, marries a daughter of Robert Fitzhanion, 22 Broadoak Down, engagement at, 289 Brooke. Francis, 99 Buckingham and Chandos, Dukes of, 30 Buckingham. Duke of, attempts to dethrone Richard III., 58 ; Duke of (temp. Charles I.), 133, 154, 160, 163, 164, 167, 170, 200 ; Ed- ward, Duke of. 474 ; Humphrey Stafford, Duke of, 474 ; Henry, Duke of, 474 Buckland. near Campden. 431 Buckland Monachorum, 81, 82 93, 291, 292 Budeaux, St., engagement at, 283 Budleigh, East, Granville arms in Church, 68 Bullen, Sir William, 87 ; Sir Thomas, 87 ; Anne, mother of Queen Elizabeth, 88 Buller, Sir Richard, 243, 244 ; John of Exeter, 73 ; Anne (Granville), 73 Bunseu. Frances, Baroness, 456, 457,461 Burgh, Sir John, 158, 165 Burghersh, Sir John, 56 ; Margaret (Lady Granville), Lady, 56 Burleigh, Lord, 121 Butler, l ady Anne (St. Leger), 474 Byrd, Ralph (Rev.), 132, 135, 137, 152. 192; Mrs. (Blaxton), 135 Bytton, Bishop of Exeter, 50 Byll, John, Steward of Cornwall, 72 C. Cacafuego the, captured by Sir Richard Granville, 99 Cadiz, expeditions to, 117, 154, 156-158 Cadleigh, Sir Simon Leach's seat, 331 Cassar, Dr. Julius. 93 Calais, 65, 66, 79' Calmady, Sir Shilston, taken prisoner, 249 ; Lieut -Co]., 25S ; Josias of Leawood and Langdon, 429 ; Vincent Tollexfen, 473 Calwich Abbey, 440-446, 457-9, 461-465 Campden, Gloucestershire, 34 Canterbury ( 'athedral, consecrated by William de Corbeil, 28 Capel, Lord. 294, 295, 297 Cardiff Castle, the seat of Robert Fitzhamon, 20 Carhayes, 170 Carmarthen, Thomas, Marquess of, 365 Carnsew, William, 132, Mr. 143 Caroline, Queen, 420 Carolina, Palatinate of, 353, 394, 402, 438 Gary, Sir George, 88; George, 185, 254, 310 ; Sir Robert, 123, 362 ; George (Dean of Exeter), 123 ; Sir Henry of Cockington, 191 ; Amy (Bagg) Lady, 191 ; James, 75 ; Elizabeth (Granville), 75 ; Thomas (Rector of Kilkhampton), 54 ; Sir William, 82, 123 ; Henry, Lord Hunsdon, 88 Carew, Sir George, 82 ; Sir Peter, 83 ; Sir Gawen, 83 ; Sir John, 52, 59 ; Richard, 1 29 ; Sir Alexander, 236, 237, 243 ; Colonel, 287 Carteret, George, Lord, 417 ; John, Lord, Karl Granville, 417, 427 ; Robert, 417 ; Lady Grace (Granville), cr. Countess Granville and Viscountess Carteret, 416, 417. 440, 456 ; Sir George, 320, 326 ; Lady Georgiana Caroline, Countess Cowper, 458 Cartwright, William, verses on Sir Bevill Granville's death, 271 Castlemaine, Lady, 355 Catherine, Queen, Lady Joana Thornhill, Lady of the Bedchamber, to, 379 Cavell, Nicholas, 73 ; Mary (Granville), 73 Cawood Castle, 40, 41, 45 Cavendish, Lady Elizabeth (Duchess of Albe- marle), 356 ; Mr., 862 ; Thomas, 98, 94 diamond. Sir John. 60 ; Jane (Granville) Lady, 60 ; Sir John, 61 ; Richard, 75 ; Gertrude, 75 Champernowne, Mr., 252 Charles I., preparations for attack on Spain, 154 ; visits Plymouth, 156 ; forced loans, 132-133. 16-2-3"'; sends help to the Hugue- nots in La Rochelle, 164-166 ; assents to the Petition of Right, 167 ; war with Scotland, 212, 217, 221 ; Knights Bevill Granville, 221 ; second war with Scotland, 227, 228 ; assents to the Bill of Attainder of Strafford, 236, 237 ; commencement of Civil War, 242 ; commands Sir Bevill not to leave Cornwall, 244 ; negociations for peace. 255 ; letter to Sir Bevill after the battle of Stratton, 264 ; intends to confer an Earldom upon him, 269 ; his regard for Sir Richard Granville, 274, 277 ; recalls him and George Monk from Ireland, 278 ; reception of Sir Richard Granville at Oxford, 280 ; gives him all his vsofe's estate, 280 ; is bidden by Sir Richard Granville to hasten into Cornwall, 288 ; bestows on Sir Richard Granville the command of all the forces in Devon and Cornwall, 290 ; gives him ' various sequestrated properties, 2S1 ; Index. 479 appoints John Granville a Gentleman of the Bedchamber to the Prince of Wales, 320 ; his execution, 325 Charles JI., sent into the We-t with a Council of War, 294-307, 315-320 ; escapes to the Isles of Scilly and Jersey, 320 ; his friend- ship for John Granville, 320 ; is proclaimed King by Sir John Granville, 325. 326 ; refuses to sell the Scilly Isles to the Dutch. 326 ; attended by Sir Richard Granville, 327 ; goes to Scotland, 327 ; banishes Sir Richard Granville from his Court, 331-333 ; plans for his Restoration, 341-350 ; confers honours ou Sir John Granville, 350, 353 ; his affection for George Monk, 355 ; his death, commends John, Earl of Bath to his brother, 367 ; appoints Dennis Granville his Chaplain, 375 ; his letter to Bishop Cosin. 377 Charlotte, Queen, friendship for Mrs. Delany, 442, 451, 452 Chichester, Mr., 226 ; Sir Arthur, 130 Child, Sir Josias, 402 Chudleigh, James ( VVilliam ?), 57 ; Sir George, 257, 260 ; James. General, 257-262 ; John the navigator, 257 Churstoii, Lord (Sir John Yarde-BullerJ, 140 Clanbrassil. James, lOarl of, 426 Clarence, Lionel Plantagauet, Duke of, 474 Clarendon, Henry Hyde. Earl of, 417 ; Jane Lady, 417 ; Edward. Earl of, 294, 297, 323, 331, 333, 3.')3 ; quoted f^nssim Clarges, Sir Walter, 369-370. Clement, V. Pope, consecrates William de Granville, 38 Clifiord, Sir Thomas, Treasurer of the House- hold to Charles II., 357 Clinton, Lord, a decendant of William and Elena (Granville) Yeo. 57 Clotworthy, Sir John, 234 Coffin. John, of Portledge, 65 ; Jaquet, 65 ; Sir Richard, 32 Cold Ashton Parsonage, Sir Bevil Granville dies at. 268 Cole, Hichard, of Buckland, 73, 82 ; Philip. 127 ; Thomas, of Slade, 73. 82 ; Thomasine (Lady Granville), 73, 82; John, 56; Thomasine, (Granville), 56 Colepepper, Lord, 294, 295, 297, 304. 323 Compton, Henry, 471 ; Harriet (Granville), 471 ; their children, 471 Constance, dau. of Caradoc ap Arthur, Lord of Glyn Nedd, 26 Coplestone. John de, 57 Copenhagen, Battle of, 466 Cooke, air Henry, 469 ; Katherine, Ladj', 469 Corbeil, Earldom of, 1, 13, 15, 16, 352 ; William de, Archbisho]5 of Canterburj', 26, 29 ; Town of, 16, 383-385 ■ Corinton. Sir John, 353 Cork, l^ichard, Earl of, 131 ■ Cornish Loyalty, 243 ; Hebelhon, 83 Comber, Thomas, Dean of Durham, 382 Coryton, William, 141, 163, 172, 173, 182, 193, 194, 195, 232 Cosin, Bishop of Durham, 375-378 ; Anne (Granville), 375-377, 386 Cotton, Archdeacon, 159 Gotten, Simon, 241, 245 Courtenav, Ann (Ladv Granville), 58 ; Sir Phihi),''58; Sir Kdward, 58 ; Peter, Bp. of Exeter, 58 ; Sir Hugh of Haccombe and Baconnoc, 54 ; Margaret Lady (Granville), 54 ; Edward, Earl of Devon, 54 ; Hugh, Earl of Devon, 55; Kir William, 199; Bridget, 199 ; Sir William, 335, 362 ; Nicholas, 395 ; Elizabeth, 395 Covyan, Richard, Rector of Littleham, 58 Cowper, Lord Ashley, afterwards or. Earl of Shaftesbury, 353 ; Countess (Carteret), 458 Coxe, Rev. Mr., 248 Craven, William, Earl of, 353 Creuilly, Seigneury of, 16, 17 Crevequer Family, Barons of Chatham, 17, 18 Crewe, Lord, Bishop of Durham, 3 •51 Crimean War, The, Granvilles engaged in, 466-469 Cromwell, Oliver, 331, 334, 342 ; Richard, 342, 344 Crowan Church, Granville monument in, 61 Cruse, Thomas 200 Cuddenbeck. 1 70 Cumbei-laud, the Duchess of, 428 ; Lord, 108 Cutteford, George, 200, 202, 280-283 D Daub}', Earl of, 365, 372, 392 Darcy, Lord, 199; Sir John, 474; Elizabeth, Countess of Ormonde, 474 D'Ewes, the family of, 454 ; John, 449, 453-5, 475 ; Anne (Granville), 441, 446, 449, 453-5 ; Court, 446, 456, 460-1 ; Bernard, 456-8, 446, 475 ; Anne (De la Bere), 457 ; Judith (Beresfordl, 457-8 ; Court .afterwards Gran- ville), 457, 464-5 ; Anoe (Strattonj, 457, 458 ; Bernard, 457 ; John, 457 ; John, Rev. (afterwards Granville), 446-464, passivi ; Harriet Joan fDe la Bere), 457-464, passim ; Harriet, 459; John, 459, 461-3; Mary (Port), 456-9 De la Bere, Family of, 457 ; John, 457, 475 ; Ann (Granville), 457, 475 ; Harriet Joan, 457-464, passim Delany, Patrick, D.D., Dean of Down, 450, 451 ; Mary (Granville), 404-461, passim Dennis, of Orleigh, 65, 72, 140, 161, 167, 184, 187, 214 ; Gertrude, 'of Holcombe, 184 Desmond, the Earl of, 88, 106, 107 Despencer, Le Hugh, 51 Digbv, Col. Jolm, 261, 316 ; Lord, 281, 282, 293 Diggles, Sir Dudley, 160 Dinham, Sir John, 49, 53, 60 ; Katherine, 60 Dinsmouth, a Granville manor house in Kilk- hampton parish, 214, 391 Donnington Castle, seige of, 311 Dorset, John Beaufort, Marquess of, 474 Dover, pier at. Sir R. Granville's plans for 96 Drake, John, 77, 85; Sir Bernard, 77; Thomas, 145 ; William, of AViscomb, 145, 233; John, 145; Amy (Granville), 145; 480 Index. Sir Frano's, 93, 100. 101, 123, 203 ; Capt. Thomas, 2')9 ; Sir William, 387 Duncombe, Very llev. Augustus, Dean of York, 465 Dunnevett, 233 Dysart, Lionel, 3rd Earl of, 118 ; Grace, Countess of, 417 E Easte, Rev. 11., R3ctor of Bideford, 132 Echard, Archdeacon, 277, 420 Kdgcumbe, Sir Richard, 58, 59, 68, 133, 134. 179; EUzabeth (Raleigh), 68; John, of Tavistock, 283 l^dward L, ap]joints William de Granville Chancellor of England, 36, 37 ; nominates him archbishop of York, 38 Edward II , at York and Cawood Castle, 39-45 „ IV., father of Arthur Plantaganet, Lord Lisle, 65 Eiiiion, brother of Cedivir, Prince of Dyfed, 19, 20 Ellaston Church, 446, 461, 462, 463, 464 Eliot, Sir .lohn, 133-184, passim Elhs. Sir William, 410 I'jlizabeth, Queen, Knights Sir R. Granville, 92 Emma, " the Flower of Normandy," twice crowned Queen of .'England, 13 Erisey, .lames. 61, 71, 77, 101 ; Julyan, 61 ; Christiana (Granville), 71, 77 Espriota. wife of William Longsword, 2d Duke of Normandy, 7 Escures, Ralph d', Archbishop of Canterbury, 26 Escott, Richard, 192 £ssex, l-.lizabeth. Countess of, 357 ; Earl of, 148, 191. 286-289 Exeter, se'ge of by Cavaliers, 2(6, 247 ; occu- ))ied by the Prince of Orange, 371 ,, College, Oxford, 142 F Falaise, Robert Fitzhamon, killed at, 21 Fanshawe. Mr. Secretary, 299, 305 Fermor, Lady Soi)hia, 426 Fermo\-, Abbey of, granted to Sir R. Gran- ville', 107, 121, 131 Ferrers, of Baddesley Clinton, Edward, 464 ; Maria (Granville'l. 464 Feversham, Lord, 367 Fitch, Serjeant Major, 258 Fitz, John of Fitzford, 75 ; Agues (Granville), 75 ; Sir John, 199 ; Mary (Granville), 199- 335 passim Fitzford, captured by Lord Essex, 287 Fitzhamon, Robert, brother of Richard de Granville. 7-21 FitzNigell, Nicholas de Gresley, founds Cal- wich Abbey, 441 FitzMaurice, James of Desmond, letter to Mayor of Cork, 91 Fitz Roy, Robert Consul, Earl of Gloucester, 22 ; Fitzwarren Al marie, 53 Flanders, Co.int Annoulf of, 7-11 ; Robert, Earl of, 20 Flambarl, Ralph, Bishop of Durham, 27, 28 Fleetwood Kami'y, the, owners of Calwich Abbey, 441 Foley, Thomas, cr. Baron Foley, 426 ; Grace (Granville), 426 ; Thomas, 2d Baron Foley, 426 Forbes, Col. David, 473 ; Mary (Granville), 473 Fortesciie, John of Filleigh. 191 ; Grace (Bagg), 19] ; l-.dmnnd of Fallapit, 253; Honor (Prideaux), 253 ; Faithful, Sir, 280 ; Colonel, 287 ; liobert of Filleigh, 308, 312 ; Grace (Granville , 308, 312-314 ; Hugh) 308, 309 Fowey, Vicar of, 196, 197 Franco, Archbishop of Rouen, 3, 4 Frithelstock Priory, granted to Lord Lisle, 65 Frobisher, Sir Martin, 121 G Gaunt, John of, 474 George III , friendship for Mrs. Delany, 451- 2 ; Letters to same, 442 Gerloc, daughter of Rollo, 5 Germaine de Corbeil, wife of Manger, 15 Ghent, 8ir R. Granville, dies at, 334 Gifford, Walter, Earl of Buckingham and Longueville, 26-30 ; Isabel, wife of Richard de Granville, 26 ; Rohesia, wife of Fitz Gilbert. Lord of Clare, 26 ; Archbishop of, 36 ; John of F-rightley, 83 ; Mary (Gran- ville , 83 ; Sir Roger, 83 GiUiert, Richard, Rector of Bideford, 71, 78 Gilley Abbey, granted to Sir R. Granville, 107, 1-n Gisel'a, dau. of Charles the Simple, wife of Rollo, 5 Glenlyon, James, Lord, 473 Glamorgan, Karldom of , 351 Gloucester, the honour of, 18; Mabel, Coun- tess of, 21, 22. S-A ; Robert, Karl of, 21, 22 ; Henry, Duke of, 337 ; Thomas, Duke of, 49 i ; Cathedral, enriched by Robert Fitz- hamon. 20 ; Hall, Oxford, 205 Glynn, Nicholas, 140, 187 ; William, 140; Gertrude, 140 Godolphin, Sir Francis, 112, 124 ; Colonel, 250, 261 ; Francis, 251 Gold, Colonel, 284 Gorges, Kdward, a Virginian explorer, 98, 99 ; Sir Theobald, 58 ; Elizabeth, 58 Goring, General Lord, 290-294, 302-304 Gough. Philippa (Granville), 73 Gower, Lord, 416, 417, 440 Gower-Leveson, Lady Jane (Granville), 416, 417 ; Sir William, 417 ; Granville, cr. Mar- quess of Stafford, 417 ; George Granville cr. Duke of Sutherland, 417 ; George Gran- ville cr. Viscount and Earl Granville, 417 Graham, William of Flatten, 424 ; Hon. Mary (Granville), 424 Grandisson. John, Bishop of Exeter, 52 Grantham, Henry, Earl of, 365 Granville, Town inNormandy, 15, 16 ; Family; various spellings of Name, 1 ; Arms, 16, l7 Index. 481 Granville, Adelina,dau. of Robert de Bellemont, widow of Hugh Montfort and wife of Kicliard de Granville. 30 ; Agnes dan. of Sir Thomas Granville, wife of Koscarrock, 64 ; Agues, dau. of Sir Roger Granville, wife of John Fitz, 75 ; Alice, dau. of John Granville, the Buccaneer, wife of R. (~'ole, 73 ; Alice Jane (Wodehouse), wife of Major Bevil Granville, 467 ; Amy (Vyvyan), wife of Sir Bartholo- mew de Granville, 49-50 ; Amy, dau. of Sir Roger Granville, wife of John Drake, 77, 85 ; Amy, dan. of Bernard Granville, of Wellesbourne, wife of Capt. Bathurst, 471 ; Ann (Wortham), wife of Henry de Gran- ville, 51 ; Ann (Courtenay), wife of Sir Thomas de Gianville, 58 ; Anne, dau. of John Gianville, the Buccaneer, wife of John Buller, 73 ; Ann (Morley), wife of Hon. Bei nard Gianville, 404-6 ; Anne (Cosin), wife of Dennis Gianville. l)ean of Durham, 375- 386 ; Anne, Honble., dan of Honble. Ber- nard Gianville, wife of Sir John Stanley. 406-7, 447, 449 ; Anne, Honble , dau. of George, Loid Lansdowne, 424-428 ; Anne, dau. of Col. Beinaid Granville, wife of John D'Ewes, 429-455 ; Ann Catheiime (I'aiker), wife of Bernaid Granville of Wellesbouine, 465-472; Anne. inf. dau. of Bernard Gian- ville of Wellesbourne, 47u ; Arthur, son of Digory Granville, 75, 126 Gianville, Barbara, dau. of Digory Granville, wife of John Lupingcott, 75 ; Bartholomew de,Knight, "Lordof Hideford," 49; I'etuaid, Sir, 121, 125, 127-144, 194; Beruaid, son of Sir Bernard Gianville, 138, 139 ; Bernaid, Honble., son of Sir Bevill Gianville, 216, 324-406 ; Bernard, Col, son of Honb'e. Bernaid Gianvil'e, 4k9-431 ; Bernard, of Calwich Abl'cy. 415-443 ; Bernard, of Wel- lesbourne, 465-472 ; Bernard, son of Major Bevill Granville, 467 ; Bevill, Sir, slain at Lansdowne, 141-274 passim; Bevill, 2nd son of Sir I'evill, 241 ; Pevill, Honble., 3rd _ .son of John, Earl of Bath. 392, 393, 400 ; Bevill, Sir, eldest son of Honble. Bernard Granville, 406-410 ; Bevill, Rev., 2nd son of Col. Bernard Gianville, 429-439 ; Bevil, Major, elde t son of Bernaid Gianville of Wellesbourne, 466-469 ; Bridget, dau. of Sir Richaid Uiarville, m. (1) Harris. (2) Weekes, 123; Bridget, Lady, dau. of Sir Bevill Gianville, [I) Leach, (2) Higgons. 216, 324—357 Granville, Caroline, dau. of Bernard Granville of AVellesbourne, 470 ; Catherine, dau. of Sir Richard Granville, m. Justinian Abbot, 124 ; Catherine (Spurre), wife of Thomas Gran- ville of Aldercombe. 75 ; Catherine inf. dau. . of Sir Bevill Granville, ; Catherine. Lady, dau. of John, Earl of Bath, rn. Craven Pey- ton, 392, 394, 416 ; Cecille, sou of Sir John Granville. 82 ; Cecilia, Anne (Hook), wife of Frederick John Granville, 469 ; Cecil Horace Plantaganet, son of Frederick John Granville, 469 ; Charles, son of Sir Roger Granville. 82 ; C harles. Viscount Lansdowne. Baron Granville, 2nd Earl of Bath. 364 — 390, 393, 394 ; Charles Dela Bere, sou of Frederick John Granville, 469 ; Charlotte Augusta Leopoldina, Lady (Murray), m. Rev. Court Granville, 473 ; Chamond of Poughill, 74 ; Chamond, Rector of Kilk- hampton, 74 ; Christiana, dau. of Sir Roger Granville, m. John Erisey, 77 ; Constance, wife of Richard de Granville, 23-26 ; Court (formerly D'Kwes) of Calwich Abbey. 464, 465 ; Court, son of Rev. Roger Granville, 470 ; Court, Rev., Yicar of Alnwick, 473 Granville, Dennis, Honble. and Very Rev. Dean of Durham, 216, 324-386, 393, 436 ; Dennis, Capt., son of George Hyde Gran- ville, 469 ; Digory, son of Sir Roger Gran- ville, 73-75 ; Digory, son of Digory Gran- villp, 75, 126 ; Digory of Penheale, son of George Granville, 74 Granville, Eleanor Jlorwenna, dau. of Rev. Roger Granville, 470 ; Elizabeth (Gorges), wife of ISir Thomas Granville, 58 ; Elizabeth (Bevill) wife of Sir Bernard Granville, 128 ; Elizabeth, dau of Sir Bernard Granville. 139; Elizabeth, Lady. dau. of t-ir 1 evill Gran- ville, m. Sir V. Prideaux. 216, 308, 315; Elizabeth, Honble., inf. dau. of Viscount Lansdowne, 365 ; Elizabeth, Honble. dau. of Honble. Bernard Granville, 407 ; Elizabeth, Honble. dau. of George Lord Landsdowre, 426 ; Elizabeth, dau. of General Sir Richard Granville, m. Col. Lennard, 325-335 ; Eustace de Sir, Constable of the Tower of London, 30 Granville, Fanny, dau. of Bernard Granville of Wellesbourne, m. Pigott, 470 ; I'lorence (Kelleway), wife of Richard Granville, 73 ; Frederick, < ol., son of Court Granville of Calwich Abbey, 473 ; Frederick John, son of Bernard Granville of Wellesbourne, 469 Granville, Gentle, son of John Granville, the Buccaneer," 73 ; George, son of Richard Granville, 74 ; George, Sir, son of George Granville, 74 ; George, son of Digorj' Gran- ville, 75, 126 ; George, son of Sir Bevill Granville, 216 ; George, i,ord Lansdowne, 394, 4C6-424 ; George Hyde, son of Bernard Granville of AVellesbourne, 46P ; Gerard de, son of Richard de Granville, 30 ; Gerard de, son of Robert de Granville, 29 ; Gertrude (Incledou;, wife of Richard Gran- ville of Poughill, 74 ; Gertrude, dau. of Chamond Granville, Rector of Kilkhampton, 74 ; Gertrude, dau. of Sir Bernard Gran- ville, m. (1) Harris, (2) Dennis, 139, 14 0 ; Gertrude, dau. of Rev. Granville J. Granville, m Bishop G. Mackarness, 472 ; Giles, son of John Granville ''The Buccaneer," 73 ; Grace, dau. of Richard Granville of Poughill, 74 ; Grace (Smyth^, wife of Sir Bevil Granville, 144— 324 jassim ; Grace, dau. of Sir Bevil Granville,™. Col. RobertFortescue, 308-313 ; Grace, Lady, dau. of John, Earl of Bath. cr. Countess Granville and Viscountess Car- teret, 393, 395, 416-418 ; Grace, Honble., dau. of George Lord Lansdowne, 426 ; Grace, dau. of Major Bevill Granville, m. H, McCorquodale, 467 ; Grace, dau. of Rev. G. J. Granville, m. Rev. Preb. Leigh- Bennett, 472 ; Granville, John, Rev., Vicar 482 Index. of Stratford on Avon, 472 ; <^raj', Rev"., Vicar of Ilarn, son of Rev. G. J. (Jranville, 472 ; Gundreda, wife of Richard de Gran- ville, 32 Granville, Harriet, dau. of Bernard Granville of Wellesbourne, m. Compton, 471 ; Harriet Joan (De la Bare), wife of Rev. John Granville of Calwich, 461-4 ; Harriet Joan, dau. of Court Granville of Calwich Abbey, 473 ; Henrietta Maria, Ladj', dau of John, Earl of Bath, 355-392 ; Henntta (King), wife of George Hyde Granville, 469 ; Henry de Granville, 50 51 ; Honor, dau. of Sir Thomas Granville, m (1) Basset, (2) Lisle, 65-67 ; Honor, dau. of Digory Granville, 75 ; Honor, wife of diamond Granville, 74 ; Humphrej", son of Digory Granville, 75, 126 Granville, Ibbot, dau. of Sir George Granville, m. Francis Rouse, 74 ; Isabel (GifPard), wife of Sir Richard de Granville, 26 ; Isabel (Joscelj^n), wife of Sir Richard de Granville, 49 : Isabel (Gilbert', wife of J^ir Thomas Granville, 59 ; Isabella (Auverquerque), wife of Charles, 2nd Earl of Bath, 365 ; Isabel (Sheldon ), wife of Col. Frederick Granville, 473 Granville, James, son of diamond Granville, 74 ; Jane (Treweut), wife of Sir Richard de Granville, 34 ; Jane, dau. of Sir Thomas Gran^•ille, m. (1) Arundel, (2) ^^'hamond, 60, 61 ; Jane (Joan ?), dau. of Sir Thomas GranvUle, m. {W Raleigh, (2) Batten, (3) Tregagle, 68 ; Jane, dau. of Richard Gran- ville, 74 ; Jane, dau. of Sir Roger Granville, m. Edmund iSpeccot, 76 ; Jane, dau. of Sir Richard Granville, m. Kobert Wliettal, 82. 84 ; .lane (AVj-ch) , wife of John, Karl of Bath, 329 — 390 ; jane, Ladj^ dau. of John, Earl of Hath, m. Sir Wni, Leveson Gower, 393, 416—418; Joan (Combes), wife of Sir Thomas Granville, 68 ; Joan Frederica Mat- thewana, dau. of Bernard Granville, m. Lord C. Paulet, 465 ; Joana, Lady, dau. of Sir Bevill Granville, m. Col. Richard Thornhill, 216, 324-380; Johanna, dau. of Sir Bar- tholomew de Granville. 50 ; John de. Sir, 56 ; John, Rector of Bideford, 5S ; John, Rector of Kilkliampton, 68; John, "the Buccaneer," son of Sir Roger Gran\411e, 71 — 73 ; John, son of Chamoud Oranville, 74 ; John, son of Digorj' GranvUle, 75 ; John, Sir, son of Sir Richard Granville, 82 ; John, son of Admiral Sir Richard Granville, 102, 121 — ]23, 126 ; John, son of Sir Bernard Granville. 139, 148 ; John, son of Sir Be\'ill Granville, cr Earl of Bath, 241 — 390 passim; John, Honble., son of John, Earl of Bath, cr. Baron Granville of Potheridge, 392—396, 400—403 (John, Rev. (formerly D'Ewes) of Calwich Abbey, 460 —464 ; John, son of Rev. John Granville of Calwich Abbey, 461 — 463 ; Joyce (Beaumont), wife of Sir Theobald Granville, 52 ; Julyau (Viell , wife of George Granville of Peuheale, 74 Granville, Katherine, dau. of Sir Thomas Granville, m. Sir John Arundel, 67 Granville, Lettice (Lucas), wife of John Granville, ''the Buccaneer," 73 ; Lettice, dau. of John Granville, "the Buccaneer," 73 ; Let- tice, dau. of Digory Granville, 75 ; Louisa, dau. of Bernard GranvUle of Wellesbourne, m. Stucley, 471 ; Lucy, dau. of Court Gran- vUle, of Calwich Abbey, 473 Granville, Mabel Georgina Lucy, dau. of George Hyde Granville, 469 ; Margaret, dau. of Digory Granville, 73 ; Margaret, dau. of Sir Richard GranvUle, m. Lee, 83, 84 ; Margaret (Courtenay\ wife of Sir Theobald GranvUle, 54 ; Margaret (Burg- liersh), wife of Sir John GranAolle, 56; Margaret, dau. of William de Granville, m. Thorne, 57 ; Margaret (Whitleigh), wife of Sir Roger GranvUle, 71 ; Margaret, dau. of Chamond GranvUle, Rector of Kilkhamptou, 74 ; Margaret Beatrice (Waller), wife of Capt. Dennis Granville, 469 ; Margery (Trengrove), wife of George Granville, 75 ! Maria (Ferrers), wife of Court GranvUle of Calwich, 465 ; Marianne (Skipwitli), wife of Rev. G. J. Granville, 472 ; Marian Florence,, dau. of Frederick John Granville, 470 ; Martha, dau. of Richard Granville, ?». Philip Southcott, 74 ; Martha (Osborne), wife of Charles, Viscount Lansdowne, 365 ; Mary, dau. of Sir Thomas Granville, m. (1) Blewett, (2) St. Aubyn, 61 ; Mary, dau. of Richard Granville, ni. Tristram Skinner, 74 ; Mary (Tregarthian\ wife of Digory Granville of Penlieale, 74 ; Marie (Killigrew), wife of Sir- George Granville, 74 ; Mary, dau. of Sir George Granville, 74 ; Mary (Trewinnard), wife of Richard Granville, 74 ; Mary, dau. of Sir Roger Granville, m. John Beauchamp, 77 ; Mary, dau. of Sir Richard Granville, m. John Gifiard, 82 ; Mary (St. Leger), wife of Admiral Sir Richard Gi-anville, 86 — 121 ; Mary, dau. of Sir Richard Granville, m. Arthur Tremayne, 124 ; Mary. dau. of Sir Bevill GranviUe, 216; Mary, Honble., dau. of George, Lord' Lan.sdowne, 424; Mary (Westcombe), wife of Col. Bernard Grnnville, 429—431 ; JMarv Ann (Hose), wife of Rev.. Bevill G ran vine,'435— 439; Mary,dau.of Col. Bernard Granville, m. (1) Pendarves, (2) Delany,404 — 461 passim; Mary, Olive, dau. of Major Bevil GranvUle, m. Wood, 463 ; Mary, dau. of Court Granville of Calwick, m. Col. D. Forbes, 473 ; Mary (Cavelll, wife of Digory Granville, 73 ; Mary (Fitz), wife of General Sir Richard GranvUle, 199 — S35 passim; Mary (Villiers*, wife of George, Lord Lansdowne, 414 — 421 ; Mathewana, Sarah (Onslow), wife of Bernard GranviUe, 465 ; Matilda (BeviU\ wife of Sir Richard Granville,- 81 — 85 ; Ma- tilda Jane (Leibert), wife of Rev. Roger GranviUe, 470 ; Morwenna, dau. of Major Bevill Granville, 469 ; Muriel, dau. of Major Bevil Granville, m. BlomSeld, 469 Granville, Nicholas, son of Digory GranviUe,. 73, 75; 126 Granville, Philippa, dau. of Sir Thomas Gran- viUe, m. (1) Harris, (2) Arundel, (3)Stenning, 64 ; Philippa, dau. of Sir Roger GranvUle, m. Thomas Tremayne, 76 ; Philippa (dau. of Loid BonviUe), m. William de (Jranville, Esq., 57 ; PhUippa (Gougli), wife of Digoiy Index. 483 Granville, 73 ; Philippa (Prust), wife of Digory Granville, 75 Granville, Ralph de, 30 ; Rebecca, dau. of Chamond Granville, Rector of Kilkhamptou, 74 ; Rebecca (Sleeman), wife of Chamond Granville, R. of Kilkhatnpton, 74 ; Rebecca, dau. of Admiral Sir Richard Granville, 124 ; Richard de, accompanied the Conqueror to England, 18-26 ; Richard de, dies on a Crusade, 30, 31 ; Richard de, commences law suit with Tewkesbury Abbey, 31, 32 ; Richard de, gives a charter to Bideford, 32 — 34 ; Richard de, compromises the law suit, 34, 35 ; Kiehard de, brother to the Archbishop of York, 48, 49 ; Richard de, Rector of Kilkhampton. 50 ; Richard, son of Digory Granville, 73 ; Richard of Poughill, son of George Granville, 74 ; Richard, Sir, Marshall of Calais, 78, 81, 194 ; Richard, Sir, Vice-Admiral of England, 82,86- -121 passim, 194 ; Richard, sou of Sir Bevill Granville, 147 — 237 passim ; Richard, Sir, " the King's General in the West," 139, 157 — 334 passim; Richard, son of Sir Richard Granville, 200, hanged by the Roundheads, 325; Richard De la Bere, son of Bernard Granville of Welles- bourne, 467-9 ; Robert de, 3rd son of Richard de Granville, 29 ; Robert de, son of Robert de Granville, 29, 30 ; Robert de, brother of the Archbishop of York, 35, 47 ; Robert, son of George Hyde Granville, 469 ; Roger, son of Robert de GranvQle, 47 ; Roger, Sir, " the Great Housekeeper," 59, 71 — 78 ; Roger, son of Digory Granville, 75 ; Roger, bir, sunk in the Alar// Rose, 82 ; Roger, son of Admiral Sir Richard Granville, 1 23 ; Roger, son of Sir Bernard Granville, drowned at sea, 139 ; Roger, son of Sir BevUl Granville, 187 ; Roger, Rev., Rector of Bideford. 470 Granville, Susan, dau. of Digory Granville, m. Peter Porter, 75 Granville, Thomas, Sir, son of VYilliam de Granville, Esq., 57, 58 ; Thomas >"ir, son of Sir Thomas Granville, 58 — 70 ; Thomas of Aldercombe, son of Digory Granville, 75, 126, 127 ; Thomasine(Cole), wife of William de Granville, Esq., 56, 57; Thomasine (Cole), wife of Sir lioger Granville, 82 ; Thomasine, (Michell), wife of Humphrey Granville, 75 Granville, Ursula, dau. of Admiral Sir Richard Granville, 124 Granville, Violet, dau. of Major Bevill Gran- ville, m. Maudsley, 467 Granville, WiUiam de, Archbp of York, 36-47; WiUiam de, nephew of the Archbp , 47 ; William, son of Richard Granville, 74, 126 ; William Henry, 3rd Earl of Bath, 365—400 Gi-anville, Earl .John (Carteret), 417 ; Gran- ville, George (Leveson Gower), 417 Grevilles, Earls of Warwick, probable connection with Granvilles, 34 Grenvilles, the, of Buckinghamshire, 30, 35 Guilleim, brother to Hamon Dentatus, 17 H, Hadwise, wife of Hamon Dentatus, 17 Halse, John, of Efiord, 85 Hamilton, Marquess of, 218 Hamon, Dapifer, 17, 18 Hamon, Dentatus, Earl of Corbeil, 15 — 17 Hampden, Sir Richard, 29 ; John, 181 Hampson, Sir Thomas, 140 ; Henry, 140 Handel, the composer, 442 — 445 Hankford, Sir William, 58 ; John, 58 ; Anne, 87, 447 ; Sir Richard, 87, 447 Harbord, Sir Charles, his goods seized by Sir R. Granville, 329 Harnatt, Lord of, 228 Harris, of Radford ; John, 64 ; Francis, 64 ; Philippa (Granville), 64 ; Sir Christopher, 93, 123, 124, 140 ; Bridget (Granville), Lady 123 ; of Lanrest ; Christopher, 124, 139 ; Gertrude (Granville), 139 ; John, 132 ; of Hayne, 178 ; Major- General, 315 Hartland Abbey, 124 Hatch, Rev. Nicholas, 147 Hastings, Ferdinando, Colonel, 371 Hawise, dau. of Richard, Duke of Normandy, Hawker, Rev. R. S., verses on Sir Bevill Gran- ville, 271 Hawkins, Sir John, 109 Hazlerigg, Sir Arthur, 267 Heale, ^ir John, 55 Heath, Robert, verses on death of Sir Bevill Granville, 271 Hele, Sir John, 93, 123, 222 ; John, 124 ; Walter of Spriddleston, 200 Henrietta, Maria, Queen, 256, 288, 309 Hereford, Earl of, 474 Herbert, Lady Maude, Duchess of Northum- berland, 474 Heriot, Thomas, 98, 102 Hern, Sir John, 140 ; Elizabeth, Lady, 140 Hertford, Marquess of, 243, 266 Higgons, Sir Thomas, .<^57— 360, 363, 385 ; Bridget (Granville), Lady, 357 ; Thomas, 385 Hinton, Sir John, M.D., at Sir Bevill Gran- ville's death, 268 Hispanolia, Island of (West Indies), visited by Sir Richard Granville, 98 Holies, Denzil, 165, 173, 351 Houorius II., Pope makes William de Corbeil his legate, 28 Hook, Robert, 469 ; Cecilia Anne (Mrs. Frede- rick John Granville), 469 Hopton, Sir Ralph, 243, 261 ; Lord, 299, 316— 320 Hornyold, John, Auditor of the Exchequer, 72 Horsey, Sir George, 131 Hounslow Heath, the camp on, 407 Howard, Sir Thomas, Admiral, 108, 116, 117 ; Sir Charles, 199, 200, 202 ; Lady Mary (Fitz), 199 — 335 passim ; Elizabeth, 2J0 ; Mary, 200 283, 335 ; George, 204, 283, 335 Huddlestone, Father, administers the last Sac- raments to Charles II., 367 Hugh the Great, Earl of Vermandois, 31 Huntingdon, Earl of, taken prisoner by Lord Bath, 371 Huntley, Marquess of, 219 Hyde, Sir Edward, Chancellor of the Ex- chequer, cr. Lord Clarendon, 294, 297, 323, 331, 333, 353 ; quoted passim 484 Index, 1. Ilain, the seat of tlie Port family, 456 ; Vicarage of, 459, 472 Incledon, Gertrude (Mrs. Richard Granville), 74 Indian Mutiny, Granvilles engaged in, 467 — 469 Irish Kebellions. 86, 88—104, 276-278 Isaac, Rev. Philip, Eector of Bideford, 132 J. Jamaica, Christopher, Duke of Albemarle, dies in, 369 James I., his entry into London, 130 James II.. letter to, from Sir Hichard Granville, 328 ; the answer, 328 ; Lord Bath com- mended to him by Charles II., 367 ; his unpopularit}', 368 — 371 ; Dennis Granville's defence of him, 381 ; his '-'ourt at St. Germains, 3S2 ; his treatment of Dennis Granville, 383 Jersey', Prince Charles escapes to, 320 Jestin, Prince of Gwent and M organ wg, 19.20 Joscelyu Isabel, of Mount Treganion, wife of Hichard de Granville, 49 Jumieges. Abbey of, 6 Juxon, Bishop, appointed Lord Treasurer, 191 K. Kelleway, Florence, wife of Richard Granville, 73 Kendall, Mervin, a Virginian CoLinist, 98 Kent, Thomer Holland, Earl of, 474 Keppel, Van Arnold Joust, cr. Karl of Albe- marle, 371 : Admiral, Sir Henrj', Admiral of the Fleet. 467 Kildare, Gerald. 5th Earl of, 474 Kilgarth, John 31 Kilkhampton, 31, 32, 48-55, 69-73, 125, 214, 324, 386, 390 Killigrew, Sir John, 74, 93 ; Marie (Lady George GrauvUle), 74 ; John, 85 ; William, 112 ; Henry, 124 King. Bolton, 469 ; Henrietta (Mrs. George GranvUle), 469 Kingsbridge. fighting at, 251 — 253 Kingsley. l harles, description of Sir Richard Granville, 118, 119; of Old Stowe^ 128 Xnevyt. Edmund, of Buckingham, 475 ; Anne (Lady St, I .eger), 475 Knights Templar, defended by Archbishop Granville, 42, 43 Knot, the Sealed, Sir John Granville a member of, 327 Kornensberch, the battle of, 36 1^ Kylter, William, tried for murder, 83 L. Lacy, Edmund, Bishop of Exeter, 58 Lane, Halph, a Virginian .^ettlei', 98, 99, 100 ; Rev. William, Rector of Aveton GifEard, 252 Langdon, Robert, 54 ; Agnes, 54 ; John, 54 Langton, John de, Chancellor of England, 73 Lanhydrock. occupied by Sir R. Granville, 289 ; grantd to him, 292, 317 Lancaster, John of Gaunt, Duke of, 474 Landcross, Gi-anville, property in, 125, 126 Lansdowne, Battle of, 266 — 268 ; Monument on, 272, 273 ; Charles Granville, Viscount, 364 — 394 passim ; George Granville, Baron, 394, 406—424 ; William (Earl Shelburn), 1st Marquess of, 418 ; Sophia, Marchioness of, 418 Lanteglos, by Fowey, 146 Launceston Castle, Sir Richard imprisoned in 316—319 Lawrance, Josephina Dora (Mrs Gray Gran- ville), 472 Layard, Hev. Brownlow, 464 Leach, Sir Simon, of Cadleigli, 331 ; Simon, 331, 357 ; Bridget (Granville), 33 1 Leake, Lady Catheiine, 404 Lee, Sir Richard, 83, 84 ; Margaret (Granville\ Lady, 83, 84 Legg, William, 342 Leigh, William, 75 ; family of Northam inter- marry with Bassets. 337 Lelvs, a Saracen architect, builds Neath Abbev, 23 Lennard Captain William, 33 J, 335 ; Eliza- beth (Granville), 325—335 Lepanto. the battle of, 91 Lesley, Lord, 219, 221 Leveson, Sir Richard, 417 Liebert. Alexander, of Swinton Hall, 470 Matilda Jane (Mrs. Roger Granville), 470 Ligures, William de, Lord of Borestall, 29 Lisle, Arthur Plantaganet, Lord, illegitimate son of Edward IV., Lord Deputy of Calais, 65— 67; Honor (Granville , Lady. 61, 65— 67 ; Lord, son of Lord Leicester, 276 Littleham, Granville property in, 125, 126 Llanover, Augusta, Lady, 22, 447, 456 Llewellvn, Dr , Principal of S. Marv's Hall, Oxford, 271 London, the City of, present Sir John Gran- ville with a ring, 349 Longleat, the home of Lord and Lady Lans- downe, 418, 448 Lorrain, the Duke of, 3 '"4 Lostwithiel, 288 ; Baron, Sir R. Granville created. 291 Loveyour, Leonard. Receiver General of Corn- wall, 72 Louis XIV. grants a passport to Sir R. Gran- ville, 327 Lucas, Lettice, wife of John Granville " the Buccaneer," 73 ; Thomas of Suffolk, 73 Lucy, Elizabeth, mother of Lord Lisle. 65 Luitgard, wife of William Longsword, 2nd' Duke of Normaudj', 7 Lundy Island, 125, 126, 136, 174, 175. 180, 181 Lumley, Lord, 373 Luppingcott, John, of Webberj', 75 ; Barbara (Granville), 75 Luttrell, Mr., 240 ; owners of Hartland Abbey, 124 ... .. Index. 485 M. Mabel, dau. of Robert Fitzhamon, m. Robert the Consul, 21 Mackarness, George Ricliai d, Bishop of Argyle and Isles, 472 ; Gertrude (Granville), Mrs. George, 472 Madford, the seat of the Smyth family, 145, 150, 153, 155, 216 Maine, Cuthbert a recupant priest, 92 Maisy, Seigneury of. 15, 16 Maltravers, Lord. 231 Mahvood Castle, New Forest, 20 Manaton, Ambrose, 163, 227, 2 + 0 Manley, .lohn, Steward of the Stannaries, 396 March, Kdward Mortimer. Earl of, 474 JIaikham, Gervase, his poem on the ReverK/e, 116 Mai-r, near Doncaster, 404, 411 Martin, Colonel, 284 Mary, of Modena, wife of James II., 385, 410 Marii Rose, the foundering of the, 82 Matilda, wife of William the Conqueror, 1 8, 19 Maud, dan, of Richard Sans Peur, 3rd Duke of Normandy, 13 Mauger or Maliger, Farl of Corbeil, 13, 15 ; Archbishoj) of Rouen, 14 Maurice, Prince, 158, 266, 282, 286, 293, 309, 311 Maximilian, Emperor, his wars with the Turks, 86 Mellent, Robert de Bellemont, 1st Earl of Leicester, 30 ; Adelina, wife to Sir Richard de Granville, 30 ; Thomas Beaumont, Earl of, 52 Members, the Five, 167 Meredith, Sir William, 329 ; Jane (Lady Wych), 329 Meyrick, Colonel, 258; Sir John of Monckton, 391 ; Lady Jane, 391 Michell, Richard, of Shebbeai e, 75 ; Thomazine, wife of Humphrey Granville, 75 Middletou, Sir Thomas FitzNicholas, 31, 34 Modbury, engageuient at, 251 — 253 Mohun, John, ''33, 1^4 ; Lord, 250, 252, 261 ; Warwick. Lord, 391 Monk, Sir Thomas, 145, 157 ; T.ady (Elizabeth Smyth). 145 ; George, Duke of Albemarle, 145, 157, 165, 276, 277, 278, 339—341, 351—356 ; Christopher, 2 Duke of Albe- marle, 209, 356, 362, 369, 393 ; will disputed, 388—390 ; Duch&ss of (Lady Elizabeth Cavendish^ 356. 369, 388,' 389, 440; Nicholas, Bishop of Hereford, 343 — 345, 375 ; Mary, 343 ; Thomas, Colonel, 370, 388 ; Thomas, 222 Montague, D.D., nephew of I^ord Crewe, Bp. of Durham, 381 ; Lord, marries the Duchess of Albemarle, 389—390 ; George, son of Henry, Karl of ]\' anchester, 391 Montgomery, Roger de, Karl of Arundel and Salop, 20, 30 ; Sibille, dau. of above and wife of Robert Fitzhamon, 20, 30 Monson, Sir William, criticises Sir Richard Granville's conduct. 115 Mordaunt, Sir John, 342 ; Mr. 343 Morice, William, of Chnrston, 214, 217, 220, 341, 342. 344, 345, 347 Morley, Cuthbert, of Havvnby, 4 04, 475 ; Ann (Honble Mrs Bernard Granville), 404 — 4u6 ; 475 Mornington, Lord, 433, 434 Moi taigne bestowed on Mauger, Far! of Cor- beil, 15 Mote Park, Windsor. 405 Morwenstow, 81, 125 Moyle. Mr., 141 Murray, Lady Charlotte A. L., wife of Rev. Court Granville, 473 N. Namptwich, destroyed by fire, 96 ; battle of, 339- Nantes, Sir Richard Granville escapes to, 321 — 323 Na.-jsau, Henrv de, Lord of Auverquerque, . Count of, 365 Neath Abbey founded by Richard de Gran- ville, 22—25 Neile, Sir Paul. 379 ; Richard, 378, 379 Nelson, Lord, and Sir Hyde Parker, 466 Neville, 1 ady Eleanor, Countess of North- umberland, 474 ; Lady Ann, Duchess of Buckingham, 4 74 New Biidge, engagement at, 249, 287 Newbury, battles of, 313 Newbuigh, Charles, 2ud Earl of, 413; ":Myra,"" Countess of. 413 Newcastle, the Duke of, 356 Newh.ill seat of the Dukes of Albemarle in Essex, 355, 395 Ne^\'port, the treaty of, 325 Ntwton St. Petrock Church, Granville ai-ms on bench end, 57 Norfolk, the Eail of (Earl of Arundel and Surrey), 230 Normandy, Rollo, Duke of, 1-6 ; William Longsword, Duke of, 6-8 ; Richard the Fearless, Duke of, 8-13; Richard the Good, Duke of, 13, 14 ; Richard, 5th Duke of, 14 ; Hobert le Diable, 6th Duke of, 14 ; William the Conqueror, 7tli Duke of, 14-18 Northcote, Sir John, of Hayne, 314 North'eigh, a Granville manor house at Kilk- hampton, 2 1 4 Northumberland, Karlsof, 199, 474 ; Dukes of, 473 Norwich, Earl of, death of the, 362 O. Oldisworth, Mr , Secreta'-y to the Earl of Pem- broke, 166, 194, 195, 222 Onslow. Admiral Sir Richard, 465, 466 ; < aptain Matthew Richard, 465 ; Mathewana Sarah (Mrs Bernard Granville), 465 ; Frances, Lady Hyde Parker, 466 O'Neale, Shane, rebellion of, 86 Orange, the Prince and Princess of, 371, 386 (s(e William III. and Mary) Orford, Robert Walpole, Earl of, 414 Orchaids, the owners of Hartland Abbey, 124 Ormonde, the Earls of, 474 ; Thomas, 7th Ear 87, 136, 277, 331 ; Duke of, attainted, 415, p3 486 Index. Osborne, Lady Martha, wife of Charles, Lord Laiisdowne, 365 Osmond, Mr., 167, 168, 171 Osmund de Centeville, 10, 15 Osyth, St., Priory of, 27 Ottery St. Mary, Sir R. Granville occupies, 301 Oxford, Lord, 148 ; Parliament held at, 155 ; Charles 1. at, 279 P. Pagett, Mistress at Kilkhampton Parsonage, 95 Parker, Sir Nicholas, 129; Sir Hyde of Melford, 4 65, 466 ; Admiral Sir .Hyde, 465, 466 ; Ann Catherine (Mrs. Granville), 465, 472, 475 Parliament, the Short, 228 ; the Long, 232— 236 ; the Rump, 344 Paulet, Lord Chailes, 279; Kev. Lord Charles, 4 65 ; Lord George, 467 ; Loid William, 467 ; Joan Frederica Mathewana (Granville), Lady Charles, 465 : Ernest Ingoklsby, 465 ; yVdela (Mrs Thorne), 465 ; Eleanor Mary (Mrs. Hutton), 465 Payne, Antony, 263, 264, 268, 309 Pendarves. Alexander of Roscrow, 448 ; Mary (Granville), Mrs , fee Marv Granvilje Pendennis Castle, 129, 243," 309, 310, 320 Penheale, seat of George Granville, 96 Pennington. Sir John, 137 Pembroke, Earl of, 222 ; William, Earl of, 474 Percy, Sir Allen, 199 ; Lady Kleanoi-, Duchess of LSuckingham, 474 ; Sir Htni-y (Hotsi)ur), 474 Peterborough Lord, succeeds Lord Bath as Groom of the Stole, 367, 368 Petrockstowe Church, Granville arms in, 57 Peyton. Sii- William, 342 ; Craven, AVardeu of the Mint, 416 ; Lady Catherine (Granville), 416 Piggiston, Richard de, 54 Pigott, Sir George, 1st Baronet of Knapton, 470 ; ^ir Charles. 2nd Baronet of Knapton, 470 ; Rev. \\'ellesley Pole, 470 ; P^anny (Granville), Mrs, 4 70: Captain Wellesley George, 470 ; Helen Louisa (Donaldson), Mrs., 470 ; Henry A'Court, 470 ; Major Charles Berkeley, 470 ; P'anny Ada (Mrs. Berkeley Pigott), 470 Plague, the, 155, 156 PlantagHuet, Lady Elizabeth, 5 dau. of Edward L, 474 ; Lady Philippa, Countess of March, 474 Plymouth blockaded, 281—286, 290, 293 ; fleet for Virginia leaves. 97 ; returns to, 99 ; foundation stone of Citadel laid by John, Earl of Bath, 353—355 Polkwinal Gilbert de, 31 Pollard, George, 81 ; Mr., 143, 177. 219 Polstou Bridge, the fight at, 257 — 260 Poole, Sir Courtenay, 362 Pomfret, Loi-d, 427 Popei, wife of Kollo, 5 Port. John of Ham, 456 ; Mary (D'Ewes), Mrs., 456 ; Georgina Mary Ann (Mrs. Wadding- ton), 456 ; Frances Ann (Mrs. Eam), 461 ; Bernard, Rev., 459 Porter. Peter, 75 : S usa>ii (Granville), Mrs., 75 \ Walter 75; Endymion, 135, 177.251,264, 275 ; Olive, 135; George, 135 ; Charles, 135 Portland, Duchess of, 427, 451 Poynings, Richard, 474 ; Eleanor (Countess of Northumberland). 474 Prayers in the Royalist Army, 249, 250 Pride. Mr., marries Elizabeth Monk, 390 ; Thomas, 390 ; Ehzabeth, 390 Prideaux, Roger, 72 ; Dr., Rector of Exeter College, Oxford, 142 ; Bevill, 144 ; Hum- l)hry, of Westwood, Crediton, 144; John, of Treforder, 150, 152 ; Richard, 186, 208, 214, 224. 225 ; Humphrey, of Soldon, 253 ; Sir Petei-, of Netherton and Farway, 308 ; Sir Peter, 308, 315 ; Elizabeth (Granville), Lady, 3iih, 315 Prodliomme, AV alter de, Rector of Bideford, 51 Pi oud, Joljn, servant to Dennis Granville, 377, 383 Prust, Hugh 75; Philippa (wife of Digory Granville), 75 ; William, 75 ; Bridget (Gran- ville), Mrs., 75 ; Mr., 220, 240 Q. Quivil, Bishop of Exetei-, 48 R. Radford, George, Attorney-at-law, 200 Rahisford, Sir Hein-y, 242 Haishleigh. Mr., 178, 326 Raleigh, AValter, 68 ; Wymond, 68 ; Joan (Gi anville),Mrs.. 68 ; Sir Walter, 68, 97, 99, 104, 105, 116, 117, 124, 136 Ram, Mr., of Ulonolten, 461 ; Frances Anne (Port), Mrs., 461 Rapazinni, Chevalier, 439 Rathconnel, the fight at, 277 liede, Richard, 58 Revenge, the fight of the, 109—113 Reynell, Mr Richard, 176 ; Jane (Lady AVidler), 176 Rhee, the expedition to, 164-166, 200 lihvs ap Tewdwr, King of Deheubarth, 19 RiJh, Hatton, 362 Richard, 4th Duke of Normandy, 12 — 14 ; Richard, 5th Duke, 1 4 Richmond, Jonn de Britannia, I'^arl of, 39 Rivers, Richard Widville, Earl of, 474 - Roanoak, Island of, 98, 100 Robartes, Lord, 231, 282 Robert, l'"ari of Evreux, Arclibishop of Rouen, 12. 13 Robert, le Diab'e, 6th Duke of Normandy, 14 Robert, the Consul, Earl of Gloucester, 21, 22 Rochelle, expedition to, 164—166, 170 Roe, Mr., 230 Roet. Sir Payne. 474 ; Catherine, wife of John of Gaunt, 474 Rolle, Dennis of Bicton, 1 90 ; William, 241 ; Sir Samuel, 241 ; Sir John, 362; Major, 387 Rollo, progenitor of the Granville family, 1 — 6 Rolt, Sir Tliomas of Milton, co Bedford, 429 Index. 487 llosearrock, John, 64 ; Agnes (Granville), 64 ; John, 73 ; Mary (Granville), 7-3 ; Thomas, 127 ; Edward, 292 Roscrow,. near Falmouth, seat of Pendarves family, 448 Hose, Mary Ann (Mrs. Bevill Granville), 435, 437, 43y, 440 Rouen, captured by Rollo, 3 —9 ; Sir R. Gran- ville's sou at, 321 ; Dennis Granville at, 382 Rouse, Sir Antonj', 74 ; Francis. 74, 158, 239, 248 ; Ibbot fGranville), 74 Rousseau, Jean Jacques, the friend of Bernard Granville, 442 Rowe, Nicholas, 132 Rufus, William, bestow.^ land.-s on Richard de Granville, 19 ; is warned of the monks dream by Robert Fitzhamon, 20 Rupert, Prince, 245, 326 Ruthven, Colonel, 245, 243—250 S. Saclieverell, Dr., the trial of, 414 St. Aubyn, Sir Thomas, 61 ; Mary (Granville), Lady, 61 ; his letter to Lady Lisle (Honor Granville). 61 — 64 ; Peter, 72 ; James. 72 St. Clements Dane Church, Lady Bath buried in, 390 ; Lord Granville of Potheridge, 403 ; Lord and Lady Lansdowne, 420, 421 St. Columb Cliurch, Granville monument in, 67 St. Germains, Court at, 382, 383 St Leger, Sir John, of Annery, 87, 475 ; Sir Richard, 87 ; Sir Warham, 87, 90, 105, 107, 121 ; Mary, wife of Sir \i. Granville, 87, 90, 91, 121, 125, 475 ; Lady Ursula, 90 ; Sir George. 475 ; Sir James. 474 ; Family of, 136 St. Mary Weeke, advowson of. 214 St. Michael's ilount, Sir Richard Granville imprisoned at, 319 St. Michael's Church, Bassishaw, D'Ewes monument in, 454 Saltash, engagement at, 250 Salterne, John, 1st IMayor of Bideford, 92 Sandwich, Edward Montague, Earl of, 356 Scarsdale, Karl of, 404 Scilly Islands, 320, 325—327 Scotland, Charles I.'s first expedition to, 212 — 221 ; second ditto, 227—225 Senlis, Herbert, Earl of, 7 Seymour, Sir Edward, 227, 234, 235, 362 ; Lord Edward, 234 Shaftesbury, Abbess of. Cicely, dau. of R. Fitzhamon, 22 Sharsell, Mr., of Gloucester Hall, Oxford, 206, 209, 210 Sheldon. Gilbert, Archbishop of Canterbury. 355 ; Edward, of Brailes, 473 ; Isabel (Mrs F. Granville), 473 Short, John, of Ashwater, 283 Shorte Antony, D.D., of Teuton Drew, 200 Shrewsbury, 7th Earl of, 231 Sidney, Sir Henry, Lord Deputy of Ireland, 88 ; Lord Algernon, son of Lord Leicester, 276 Skellum, an opprobrious epithet applied to Sir R. Granville, 279 Skippon, Maior-Geueral,.289, 290 Skipwith. Sir Gray, 472 ; Marianne (Mrs. Granville Granville), 472 Slanning. Sir Nicholas, 185, 191, 219, 237, 246, 250, 252, 261 ; Gertrude ( Bagg), 191 Slingsley, Mr., his drunken bout with Ijord Colepepper, 323, 32 t Smith or Smyth. Sir George, 144, 145, 149, 216, 475 ; Grace. Lady, 144, 211, 216, 240,. 309 : Grace, »ee Grace, Lady Granville ; Elizabeth. 144. 145 Somerset House, 406 ; John Beaufort, Earl of, 474 ; Edmund, Duke of. 474 Sommelsdyke, Cornelius Van, Lord, 365 Sourton Down, engagement on, 259 Speccot, Edmund, of Speccot, 76, 85 ; Jane- (Granville), 76 ; Nicholas, 76 Spencer, John, Earl 418; Lady Georgiaua Caroline (Carteret). Countess of, 418 Sparrow, John, takes the name of Port, 4.'?6 Sj.iurre, Thomas, of Trebathe, 75 ; Catherine- (Granville\ 75 Stafford, Edward. 98 ; E.lmund, Earl of, 474 ; Humphrev, Karl of, 474 Stamford, Karl of, 248—251, 255, 2)7, 260,. 262, 265 Stanbury, Richard de, 55 ; Robert de. 56 ; John de, 58 : Captain, 252 Stanley. .Sir John, of Grange Gozham, 396,. 406, 434 ; Hon. Anne (Granville), Lady, 406, 407, 430, 447 Stapledon, Bp. of Exeter, 49, 51 ; Thomas, R. of Kilkhampton, 51 Steinkirk, battle of, 408 Stephen, crowned King bv William de .Corbeil, 29 Stodum, Hugh de, 31 Stowe, 55, 71, 84, 125, 128, 141, 147, 188, 214,. 335, 366, 367 ; in Buckinghamshire, 366 ; Walter de, 54 ; Nicholas de, 54 ; John, 54 Strafford, impeachment of, 193. 227, 236 Stratford-on-Avon, William de Granville, Rec- tor of, 36 ; Granville Granville, Vicar of, 472^ Stratton, the battle of, 260—263 ; G. F., of Tew Park, 458 ; Anne ^D'Ewes), 457, 458 Strode, William searches Sir. R. Granville's house for base coin, 203 Stuart, Charles, " the Pretender," 415 Stucley, Hugh, 57 ; John of Affeton, 87, 98 ; Mr. 130 ; Sir Lewis, 1 36 ; Sir George Stucley, 124, 471 ; Louisa (Granville,) Lady, 471 ; Hugh Nicholas Granville, 471 ; Humphrey St. Leger. 471. Suffolk, Thomas, Earl of, 199, 202, 203, 204,. 275, 328, 329 Surrey, .)ohn de Warren, Earl of Surrey, 40 Sutcombe near Holsworthy, the Rector of, 197 Swannacote manor, the property of Lord Bonvill, comes to the Granville's bv marriage, 57, 125 ; sold by Sir Bevill Granville, 57 Sydenham, Sir Ralph, 230, 231, 233 T Taff, Count, brother to Lord Carlingford, 364 Talbot, Lady Aletheia, 230 ; Sir George, 361 Taunton, the seige of, 293-4 Tawstock Court, Barnstaple ; 130, 230, 292 488 Inchx. Tawton Bishop's, raid on by Sir Theobald Granville. 52 Templars Knights protected by Archbishop Granville, 42 Tewkesbury Abbey claims the living of Bideford, 31—34 ; re-built by Robert Fitzhamon, 20 Texel, English victory ofi the, 341 Theobalds estate given to the Duke of Albemarle, jjromised to the Earl of Bath, 361 Thorigny, seigneury of 15-16 Thorne, John of Thorne, 57 ; Margaret (Granville\ 57 Thornhill Colonel Eichard, 335, 379 ; Gir Timothy, 379 ; Lady Joana (Granville\ 335, 379, 380, 396 Throckmorton, Sir Robert, 453 ; Catherine (Collingwood), Lady, 453 Thynne, Sir .lames, 222 ; Thomas, 414, 415 ; Henry Frederick, 415 ; Sir Henry Frederick of Kerapsford, 415 ; Thomas, 1st Viscount Weymouth, 415 ; Thomas, 2nd Viscount, 415, 418. 424, 427 Tintagel, 95, 232 Torbay, Prince of Orange ai-rives in, 371 , attacked by F'rench, 387 Toi-rington, Arthur Herbert, Earl of, 401 Towusend, Lord, Secretary of State, 430 Toyt, Master Henry, " Henry de Cornubia," Rector of Bideford, 49 Treaty, between Cavaliers and Roundheads, 255', 257 Trefusis, Mr., of Trefusis ; 195, 237, 238 Tregagle, John of Trevorden, 68 ; Jane (Granville), 68 Tregiau. Francis arrested by Sir R. GrauvOle, 92 Tregarthian, Mary (Gi'anville), 74 Joan, 73 Trelawney, Sir John, 212. 269; Major General, 352 Trematon Castle, Sir R. Granville captured at 83 Tremayne, Thomas, 76 ; Pliilippa (Gran\'ille), 76 ;■ Kdmund, 87, 154, 188, 189, 222, 223 ; Digory, 127 ; Arthur, 124, 144 ; Mary (Granville), 124, 144; Richard, 144, 154, 156. 157 Tremeer in Lanteglos by Fowey parish, 135, 146 Treucliard, Isabel (Tremayne), 77 Trengrove, Mary (Granville), 75 ; Richard, 75 Trevanion, Colonel John, 185, 246, 250, 252, 261 ; Sir Hugh, 71 ; Charles, 133. 134, 167, 170 Trewent, William of Blisland, 34 ; Jane (Granville), 34 Trewiunard, Joseph (Rev.), Rector of Mawgan, 74 ; Mary (Granville) 74 Trosse, Rev. George, of Exeter, 374 Truru, Heniy de, Rector of Bideford, 49 ; David de, 50 Tweeddale John, 2nd Marquess, 418 ; Ladj' . Frances (Carteret), Marchioness, 418 Tynte, Halswell, Sir, 314 ; Grace (Fortescue), Lady, 314 Tywardreath, tithes of Priory, 197 U. Ulster, William de Burgh, Farl of, 474 Umberleigh, Chapel in Atherington parish, 58 Utrecht, Treaty of, 41 4 Uvedale, Sir William, 276 V. Valley of the Dunes, Battle of, 17 Van Tromp, the Dutch Admiral, 326 Vere, Lord, 158 Vermandois, the l'"arl of, 31 Vernej', the familv, 193 Viell, Julyan (Granville) 74; WUliam, 74; William of Tievordeu, 144 Vigures, Mrs. 238 Villiers, Lady Mary, Viscountess Lansdowne, 414 ; Kdward, Earl of Jersey, 414, 419—421 Virginia, the colonization of, 97 — 102 Vyvyan, Sir Vyell, of Treviddren, 49 ; Amy (Granville), 49 W. AVaddiiigton, Mr., of Llanover, 456 Wales, South, the conquest of, 19, 20 Walhop, John, Hector of Bideford, 56 Walker, Edward, Secretary of the Council of War, 290, 291 AValler, Sir William, 176, 177, 235, 265, 278, 29^3, 294 Waller, Major-Geueral Sir George, 469 ; Margaret IJeatrice ^Granville), 469 Walsiugham, Sir Francis, 95, 96, 99, 105, 106 Warehvast, William, Bishop of Exeter, 27 Warham, Archbishop, 58 Warren, Henry, Major, 276 Warwick, Grevilles, Earls of, probable connec- tion with Granvilles, 34 Wear Gifiord, 309, 313, 314 Webber, Mr., 178 Weeks, John, Rector of Sherwell, Prebendary of Bristol, 123, 124, 144, 240 ; Bridget (Granville), 123, 156, 169 Weeke St. Mary, Bonvill property becomes Gran^alle by marriage, 57 Wells, John, Lord, 474 Wellington House, near Taunton, Sir R. Granville wounded at, 294, 297 Wellvngoure, William de, Rector of Lydford 51" AVentworth, Lord, defeated, 315, 316 Werrington, given to Sir R. Granville, 291, 303 Wesley, Rev. John, an admirer of Mary Gran- ville, Mrs. Pendarves, 432—434 Westcombe, Sir Martin, 429 ; Sir Antony, 429, 441 ; Mary (Mrs. Bernard Granville), 429, 441, 475 Westmoreland, Ralph, Earl of, 474 Weymouth, Thomas Thynne, 1st Viscount, 415 ; Thomas Thynne, 2nd Viscount, 415, 418, 424—427 Wharncliffe, Lord, 232 Index. 489 Wlieaie, Mr., Principal of Gloucester Hall, Oxford, 205 Wheler, Sir George, 384 Whettal, Robert, of Calais, 82, 84 ; Jane (Granville,) 82, 84 Whitleigh, Richard, of Efford. 59,71; Margaret, wife of Sir Roger Granville, 59. 71 White, Captain John, 101 Widville, Richard, Earl Rivers, 474 ; Lady- Catherine, Duchess of Buckingham, 474 ; Lady Elizabeth, Queen of Edward IV., 474 William Longsword, 2nd Duke of Normandy, 6—8 William the Conqueror, 14 William of Argues, Earl of Talou, 14 William de Corbeil, Archbishop of Canterbury, •26—29 William Rufus grants lands to Sir Richard de Granville, 19 ; is warned by Robert Fitz- hamon, 20 Willis, Sir Richard, betrays "the SealedKnot," 341 Willoughby, Sir Robert, Lord Broke, 59 Wilmot wounded, 245 Wilson, Henry, Rector of Buckland Filleigh, 262 "Wilton, Avice, dau. of R, Fitzhamon, Abbess of, 22 Winchester, Marquess of, 279 Windham, Vice- Admiral William, of Fellbi-igg, 469 Winkleigli, the honour of, 51 ^^'innington, Sir Edward. 426 ; Edward, 426 ; Ann (Foley), 426 Wise, Mr., /42 Withiel, 128, 141 Wortham, Ann (Granville), 51 Wortley family, 232 ; Sir Francis, 271 Wootton, seal of the Buckinghamshire Gren- villes, 30 Worcester, Rebecca, Marchioness of, wife of Lord Granville, 402, 403 Woolston or Wolfston Manor, 125, 214 Woodford, 214, 391 Wootton Hall, the residence of Rousseau, 442 Wodehouse, Nathaniel, Rev., 467, 474 ; Alice Jane, Mrs. Bevil Granville, 467, 474 Wych, Sir Peter, 329, 391 ; Jane, Lady, 329, 391 ; Sir Cyril, 391 ; Ffascarine, 391 Wydeniouth manor, 125, 214 Wykeborough manor in St. Mary Weeke parish, 125 Wyngauditoia, a native of, baptized and buried at Bideford. 101 Wyndham, Sir Edward, ancestor of the Earls of Egremont, 417 ; Colonel, 331 Y. Yeo, William, of Heanton Satchville, 57 ; Ellena (Granville), 57 Yeo, family of Fremingtou, 57 York, William de Granville, Archbishop of, 38 — 47; Minster nave re-built, 46 ; monu- ment to Archbishop Granville, 47 ; the Duke of, assisted by Sir R. Granville, 327, 328, 367 Youlston Manor House, seat of Sir Ralph Sydenham, 230 CO RRIGENDA. Page 5, line 37, for Acquitaine read Aquicaine. Page 13, line 32, for lenclality read leuclahty. Page 13, line 35, for are read is. Page 14, line 9, for Manger read Mauger. Page 15, line 18, for eldest read eldest surviving. Page 16, line 21, for Brnilly read Breiiilly. Page 18, line 22, for Abselm read Anselm Page 19, line 39, for Rliy's read Rhys's. Page 20, Hue 22, for Melmesbury read Malmesbury. Page 40, line 15, for was read has been. Page 40, line 19, for woi'dly read worldly. Page 48, line 37, for Rigister read Register. Page 48, line 40, for quotaton read quotation. Page 48, line 43, for Aparently read Apparently. Page 64, line 45, Jor Philipa read Philippa. Page 68, line 5, for Jane daughter of . . . Jous and Hills of Taunton read Joan, daughter of . . . Combes and widow of John Towse (whose daughter married Roger Hill of Taunton). Page 72, line 9, for cousin read uncle. Page 82, line 11, for Sir John Carew read Sir George Carew. Page 110, line 24, for pent read peut Page 135, line 24, for Tremeer read Lanteglos by Fowey Page 138, line 19, for Theni read Threni. Page 157, line 13, for islland read island. I'age 162, line 29, omit present at the christening to stand as. Page 174, line 35, for 1620 read 1630. Page 184, line 22, should read the Granvilles and the Arundells frequently intermarried. The father of John Arundell. Page 188, line 2, for Grenville read Granville. Page 197, line 29, for tittle read title. Page 3 97, line 32, for Tywardreth read Tywardreath. Page 197, line 37, for His read The, Page 200, line 13, for it read them. Page 290, line 42, for Waller read Walker. Page 316, line 19, omit had. Page 322, line 8, for 1664 read 1646. Page 350, line 39, for Bendeuell read Brudenell. Page 351, line 19, for was read had been already. Page 439, line 24, for Chavalier read Chevalier. Page 441, line 32, for brother read father. EXETER : WII.T.IAM I'OLI.ARl) AND CO., PRINTERS, NORTH STREET. GETTY RESEARCH INSTITUTE 3 3125 01029 7717