BIBLE BEASTS AND BIEDS 
 
BIBLE BEASTS 
 
 AND BIRDS 
 
 A NEW EDITION 
 
 OP 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS OF SCRIPTURE BY 
 AN ANIMAL PAINTER 
 
 BY 
 
 MRS. HUGH BLACKBUEN 
 
 PHOTOGBAPHEB FBOM THE OBIGINALS 
 AND FEINTED IN PLATINOTYPE 
 
 LONDON 
 
 KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH & CO., 1, PATERNOSTER SQUARE 
 
 1886 
 
(27ie rights of translation and of reproduction are reserved.) 
 
ADVEETISEMEi^T. 
 
 At the end of the year 1854, Messrs. Constable of Edinburgh published 
 a series of twenty Photographs from Drawings by Mrs. Hugh Blackburn, 
 under the title " Illustrations of Scripture by an Animal Painter, with 
 Kotes by a Naturalist." 
 
 Sir Edwin Landseer wrote to the publishers of that work : ''If any 
 praise of mine can add to the popularity of this charming work, I have 
 great pleasure in repeating my sincere admiration for its extreme origin- 
 ality of conception and admirable accuracy of knowledge of the creatures 
 delineated. Having studied animals during my whole life, perhaps my 
 testimony as to the truth of the artist's treatment of the Scripture Illus- 
 trations may have some influence." 
 
 Mr. Thackeray and Mr. Ruskin also wrote letters which it is pardon- 
 able to reproduce, though they have already been printed in "English 
 Female Artists, by Ellen G. Clayton." 
 
 " 36 Onslow Sq"-. Brompton.— 
 16 Feb. (1855). 
 
 " Dear Mrs. Blackburn, 
 
 "Two days since, Millais and Phillips Portrait-painter and 
 Leech were dining with me and the Scripture Animals were on the table. 
 
 " These gentlemen said the drawings were the finest they had seen 
 for ever so long a time ; and two of them went off with an intention of 
 buying the book straightway— sure the best compliment that artists can 
 pay a sister artist. 
 
AD VEBTISEMENT. 
 
 " Now is the time, thinks I, to write that note to Mrs. Blackburn — 
 Mrs. Hugh Blackburn, which you owe her this ever so long a time — even 
 she, living in a cloister, surrounded by the grave and wise, will not be 
 displeased at hearing by what critics her genius is appreciated. The 
 pictures grow upon me like all good things. I spy out little secrets unper- 
 ceived before — why, it was not till last night I saw the little beak of the 
 chick under the hen peering out from the beautiful fluffy white maternal 
 feathers. I dont know whether I like that or the Owls or the Deluge 
 or the Scape-goat best— I think the Swine running into the sea is a grand 
 composition ; and the Plague of Frogs— well, I must own that the plague of 
 frogs made me laugh — especially that fellow jumping into the vase. The 
 pretty httle Egyptian ballet-children are very quaint and pleasant to look 
 at — and guorrawarrawow how those dogs are serving Jezebel right ! Those 
 vultures coming up are very fine and tragic. What a deal of pleasure you 
 have given me ! 
 
 " The Times dined with me yesterday, and I urged upon him the 
 necessity of enhghtening the public respecting these drawings. 
 
 "Not that I suppose the pubhc will really care for them, and the 
 dreadful fee of two guineas will operate as a barrier between you and 
 popularity. I know I wouldn't sell my copy for two guineas, though I 
 got it at a considerable reduction! That cost of production* was one 
 of the questions I was going to ask you when I got the book first— a query 
 answered by your note and the price put on the book. 
 
 "I have been to Paris twice since I owed you this note — to visit my 
 parents— to be ill— to fetch home my daughters— have had a very great deal 
 to write and to do,— otherwise I should have written earher to thank you for 
 the great pleasure which you have given me and continue to give me. That 
 boy must have the love of animals and the sportsman instinct strongly 
 developed in him, to make such a remark as that about Jezebel's paint. I 
 hope I shall know him some day and see more drawings in your portfoho. 
 
 * To those curious, like Thackeray, as to the " cost of production," it may be interesting 
 to learn that the artist's share of the profits of this publication was some copies presented to 
 friends. 
 
AD VEBTISEMENT. 
 
 Give my best regards to Lushington and to Thomson please with 
 his nice wife ; and pardon me for forgetting your husband's Xtian 
 name. U and I (a neat and novel pun) are very different — you can 
 draw and have worked and have done it. I ought to have could, and 
 have been idle, and neglected that good gift. I always feel sad and 
 ashamed when I think of this. 
 
 ''Ever yours, dear Mrs. Blackburn, 
 
 '' Yery sincerely, 
 
 "W. M. Thackeray." 
 
 " Deae Mrs. Blackburn, 
 
 "I have your book and am much pleased with it. It is 
 impressive and in many respects delightfully original. I like Jezebel better 
 than I expected — only she needn't have had quite such a broad foot, — and 
 I like Pharaoh — frowning at the sea — and I like the little girl who don't 
 like Frogs, and I like Lazarus, (perhaps the best of all), and I like the ape 
 talking to the peacock about his tail, and I like intensely the swallow 
 and stork. But how in the world could you poke the best beloved Ass 
 into the stall with the ox? Of all the beasts she should have been first 
 — you should have put her with her colt at the meeting of the two ways. 
 And how in the world could you miss the Serpent f 
 
 "Bill with his sticks is delightful. I had not caught the idea of the 
 crown of thorns. I wish you had written the illustrations yourself — you 
 know the printer would have put the spelling to rights. 
 
 " I cannot get you inventive people to explain your own notions in 
 a plain way to the public. 
 
 " I am writing something about the book. Would you ask your 
 publisher — No — I'll manage it myself. 
 
 '* Ever faithfully yours, 
 
 "J. Buskin." 
 
 This work was perhaps the first ever pubhshed with photographic 
 illustrations. The art of photography was then little understood, and 
 
 vii 
 
AD VEB TISEMENT. 
 
 hardly practised commercially; the prints were silver" prints — conse- 
 quently perishable — and most of the copies, in the course of thirty years, 
 have practically perished. 
 
 Now that there are several photographic processes which are permanent, 
 Mrs. Blackburn has been urged by friends, interested in art, to republish 
 her drawings, and she has ventured on the present Edition de Luxe. The 
 Platinotype process has been selected, both for its artistic merits and as 
 giving results which will last unaltered as long as the paper on which they 
 are printed. The plates are on a scale one-half larger than those of the 
 former issue. 
 
 Of the twenty drawings in the former issue two have been rejected as 
 inferior ; one of these is the Ox and the Ass referred to by Mr. Ruskin. 
 Four new drawings have been introduced ; these are " The Firstborn of 
 Egypt," " The Fowls of the Air," The Yiper," and the Horses and Ships." 
 The Notes by a Naturalist have not been reprinted, and the letterpress 
 consists solely of extracts from the Bible, and illustrative quotations from 
 Milton, for which last the reprint by Pickering of the Text of the Editio 
 Princeps of the "Paradise Lost" of 1667 has been used, as giving as nearly 
 as may be Milton's own idea of spelling and emphasis. 
 
 The plates have been executed by Mr. William Mansfield of St. Mary 
 Cray, Kent, and will speak for themselves to connoisseurs ; they are (povavTa 
 
 (Tweroio'L. 
 
LIST OF PLATES. 
 
 NO. PAGE 
 
 1. The Raven (Genesis viii.) ... ... ... ... ... ... i 
 
 2. The Dove (Genesis viii.) ... ... ... ... ... ... 3 
 
 3. The Ram caught in the Thicket (Genesis xxii.) ... ... ... 5 
 
 4. The Plague of Frogs (Exodus viii.) ... ... ... ... ... 7 
 
 5. The Firstborn of Egypt (Exodus xi.-xii.) ... ... ... ... 9 
 
 6. The Horse and his Rider (Exodus xiv.) ... ... ... ... 11 
 
 7. The Scape Goat (Leviticus xvi.) ... ... ... ... ... 17 
 
 8. The Ewe Lamb (2 Samuel xii.) ... ... ... ... ... 19 
 
 9. Goats and Conies (Psalm civ.) ... ... ... ... ... 21 
 
 10. Apes and Peacocks (1 Kings x.) ... ... ... 28 
 
 11. The Dogs and Jezebel (2 Kings ix.) ... ... ... ... ... 25 
 
 12. The Lion (Isaiah xxxi.) ... ... ... ... ... ... 33 
 
 13. Babylon a Court for Owls (Isaiah xxxi v.) ... ... ... ... 35 
 
 14. The Stork and the Swallow (Jeremiah viii.) ... ... ... 41 
 
 15. The Leopard (Jeremiah xiii.) ... ... ... ... ... 43 
 
 16. Rabbah a Stable for Camels (Ezekiel xxv.) ... ... ... 45 
 
 17. The Fowls of the Air (Matthew vi.) ... ... ... ... 47 
 
 18. The Herd of Swine (Luke viii.) ... ... ... ... ... 49 
 
 19. The Hen and Chickens (Matthew xxiii.) ... ... ... ... 53 
 
 20. The Dogs and Lazarus (Luke xvi.) ... ... ... ... ... 55 
 
 21. The Viper (Acts xxviii.) ... ... ... ... ... 57 
 
 22. Horses and Ships (James iii.) ... ... ... ... 59 
 
 ix 
 
BIBLE BEASTS 
 
 AND BIRDS. 
 
 I. 
 
 THE RAVEN. 
 
 And it came to pass at the end of forty days, that Noah opened the window 
 
 of the Ark which he had made : 
 And he sent forth a Raven, which went forth to and fro, until the Waters 
 
 were dried up from off the Earth. 
 Also he sent forth a Dove from him, to see if the Waters were abated from 
 
 off the face of the ground ; 
 But the Dove found no rest for the sole of her foot, and she returned unto 
 
 him into the Ark ; for the Waters were on the face of the whole Earth : 
 Then he put forth his hand, and took her, and pulled her in unto him 
 
 into the Ark. 
 
 And he stayed yet other seven days; and again he sent forth the Dove 
 out of the Ark : 
 
 And the Dove came in to him in the evening ; and, Lo, in her mouth was 
 
 an Olive leaf pluckt off : 
 So Noah knew that the Waters were abated from off the Earth. 
 And he stayed yet other seven days; and sent forth the Dove; which 
 
 returned not again unto him any more. 
 
 Genesis viii. 6-12. 
 1 B 
 
II. 
 
 THE DOVE. 
 
 Also he sent forth a Dove from him, to see if the Waters were abated from 
 
 off the face of the ground ; 
 But the Dove found no rest for the sole of her foot, and she returned unto 
 
 him into the Ark ; for the Waters were on the face of the whole Earth : 
 Then he put forth his hand, and took her, and pulled her in unto him into 
 
 the Ark. 
 
 And he stayed yet other seven days ; and again he sent forth the Dove 
 out of the Ark : 
 
 And the Dove came in to him in the evening ; and, Lo, in her mouth was 
 
 an Olive leaf pluckt off : 
 So Noah knew that the Waters were abated from off the Earth. 
 And he stayed yet other seven days ; and sent forth the Dove ; which 
 
 returned not again unto him any more. 
 
 Genesis viii. 8-12. 
 
 " He look'd, and saw the Ark hull on the floud, 
 Which now abated, for the Clouds were fled, 
 Driv'n by a keen North-winde, that blowing drie 
 Wrinkl'd the face of Deluge, as decai'd ; 
 And the cleer Sun on his wide watrie Glass 
 Gaz'd hot, and of the fresh Wave largely drew, 
 As after thirst, which made thir flowing shrink 
 From standing lake to tripping ebbe, that stole 
 With soft foot towards the deep, who now had stopt 
 His Sluces, as the Heav'n his windows shut. 
 The Ark no more now flotes, but seems on ground 
 Fast on the top of som high mountain fixt. 
 
THE DOVE. 
 
 And now the tops of Hills as Kocks appeer ; 
 
 With clamor thence the rapid Currents drive 
 
 Towards the retreating Sea thir furious tyde. 
 
 Forthwith from out the Arke a Raven flies, 
 
 And after him, the surer messenger, 
 
 A Dove sent forth once and agen to spie 
 
 Green tree or ground whereon his foot may light ; 
 
 The second time returning, in his Bill 
 
 An Olive leafe he brings, pacific signe : 
 
 Anon drie ground appeers, and from his Arke 
 
 The ancient Sire descends with all his Train." 
 
 Paradise Lost, Ed. 1667, bk. x. 11. 836-858. 
 
 4 
 
III. 
 
 THE RAM CAUGHT IN THE 
 
 THICKET 
 
 And it came to pass after these things that God did tempt Abraham, and 
 said unto him, Abraham : and he said. Behold, here I am. 
 
 And He said. Take now thy Son, thine only son Isaac, whom thou lovest, 
 and get thee into the land of Moriah ; and offer him there for a burnt 
 offering upon one of the mountains which I will tell thee of. 
 
 And Abraham rose up early in the morning, and saddled his ass, and took 
 two of his young men with him, and Isaac his Son, and clave the wood 
 for the burnt offering, and rose up, and went unto the place of which 
 God had told him. 
 
 Then on the third day Abraham lifted up his eyes, and saw the place 
 afar off. 
 
 And Abraham said unto his young men, Abide ye here with the ass ; and 
 
 I and the Lad will go yonder and worship, and come again to you. 
 And Abraham took the wood of the burnt offering, and laid it upon Isaac 
 
 his Son ; and he took the fire in his hand, and a knife ; and they went 
 
 both of them together. 
 And Isaac spake unto Abraham his Father, and said. My Father : and he 
 
 said. Here am I, my Son. And he said. Behold the fire and the wood : 
 
 but where is the Lamb for a burnt offering ? 
 And Abraham said. My Son, God will provide Himself a Lamb for a burnt 
 
 offering : 
 
 So they went both of them together. 
 
THE BAM CAUGHT IN THE THICKET. 
 
 And they came to the place which God had told him of; and Abraham 
 built an Altar there, and laid the wood in order, and bound Isaac his 
 Son, and laid him on the Altar upon the wood. 
 
 And Abraham stretched forth his hand, and took the knife to slay 
 his Son. 
 
 And the Angel of the Lord called unto him out of Heaven, and said, 
 
 Abraham, Abraham : 
 And he said, Here am I. 
 
 And He said, Lay not thine hand upon the Lad, neither do thou anything 
 unto him : for now I know that thou fearest God, seeing thou hast not 
 withheld thy Son, thine only Son from me. 
 
 And Abraham lifted up his eyes and looked, and, Behold, behind him a 
 Kam caught in a thicket by his horns ; and Abraham went and took 
 the Ram, and offered him up for a burnt offering in the stead of his Son. 
 
 Genesis xxii. 1-13. 
 
 By faith Abraham, when he was tried, offered up Isaac : and he that had 
 received the promises offered up his only begotten Son, of whom it 
 was said, That in Isaac shall thy seed be called : 
 
 Accounting that God was able to raise him up even from the dead ; from 
 whence also he received him in a figure. 
 
 Hebrews xi. 17-19. 
 
 6 
 
ly. 
 
 THE PLAGUE OF FROGS. 
 
 And the Lord spake unto Moses, Go unto Pharaoh, and say unto him, Thus 
 saith the Lord, Let My people go, that they may serve Me. 
 
 And if thou refuse to let them go. Behold, I will smite all thy borders with 
 Frogs : 
 
 And the River shall bring forth Frogs abundantly, which shall go up and 
 come into thine House, and into thy Bedchamber, and upon thy Bed, 
 and into the House of thy Servants, and upon thy People, and into thy 
 Ovens, and into thy Kneading Troughs : 
 
 And the Frogs shall come up both on thee, and upon thy people, and upon 
 all thy servants. 
 
 And the Lord spake unto Moses, Say unto Aaron, Stretch forth thine hand 
 with thy rod over the Streams, over the Rivers, and over the Ponds, 
 and cause Frogs to come up upon the Land of Egypt. 
 
 And Aaron stretched out his hand over the Waters of Egypt ; and the 
 Frogs came up, and covered the Land of Egypt. 
 
 And the Ma gicians did so with their enchantments, and brought up Frogs 
 upon the Land of Egypt. 
 
 Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron, and said. Entreat the Lord, that 
 He may take away the Frogs from me, and from my people ; and I will 
 let the People go, that they may do sacrifice unto the Lord. 
 
 And Moses said unto Pharaoh, Glory over me : when shall I entreat for thee, 
 and for thy servants, and for thy people, to destroy the Frogs from 
 thee and thy houses, that they may remain in the River only ? 
 
THE PLAGUE OF FBOGS. 
 
 And he said, To-morrow. And he said, Be it according to thy word ; that 
 
 thou mayest know that there is none like unto the Lord our God. 
 And the Frogs shall depart from thee, and from thy houses, and from thy 
 
 servants, and from thy people ; they shall remain in the River only. 
 And Moses and Aaron went out from Pharaoh : and Moses cried unto the 
 
 Lord because of the Frogs which He had brought against Pharaoh. 
 And the Lord did according to the word of Moses ; and the Frogs died out 
 
 of the Houses, out of the Villages, and out of the Fields. 
 And they gathered them together upon heaps ; and the Land stank. 
 But when Pharaoh saw that there was respite, he hardened his heart, and 
 
 hearkened not unto them ; as the Lord had said. 
 
 Exodus viii. 1-15. 
 
 " But first the lawless Tyrant, who denies 
 To know thir God, or message to regard, 
 Must be compelld by Signes and Judgements dire ; 
 To blood unshed the Rivers must be turnd, 
 Frogs, Lice and Flies must all his Palace fill 
 With loath'd intrusion, and fill all the land." 
 
 Paradise Lost, Ed. 1667, bk. x. 11. 1064-1069. 
 
 8 
 
V. 
 
 THE FIRSTBORN. 
 
 And Moses said, Thus saith the Lord, About midnight will I go out into 
 
 the midst of Egypt : 
 And all the Firstborn in the Land of Egypt shall die, from the Firstborn 
 
 of Pharaoh that sitteth upon his Throne, even unto the Firstborn of 
 
 the Maidservant that is behind the mill ; and all the Firstborn of Beasts. 
 And there shall be a great cry throughout all the Land of Egypt, such as 
 
 there was none like it, nor shall be like it any more. 
 And it came to pass, that at midnight the Lord smote all the Firstborn 
 
 in the Land of Egypt, from the Firstborn of Pharaoh that sat on his 
 
 Throne, unto the Firstborn of the Captive that was in the Dungeon ; 
 
 and all the Firstborn of Cattle. 
 And Pharaoh rose up in the night, he, and all his servants, and all the 
 
 Egyptians ; and there was a great cry in Egypt ; for there was not a 
 
 House where there was not one dead. 
 
 Exodus xi. 4-6 ; xii. 29, 30. 
 
 9 
 
 c 
 
YI. 
 
 THE HORSE AND HIS RIDER. 
 
 And it was told the King of Egypt that the People fled: and the heart of 
 Pharaoh and of his servants was turned against the People, and they 
 said, 
 
 Why have we done this, that we have let Israel go from serving iis ? 
 
 And he made ready his Chariot, and took his people with him: 
 
 And he took six hundred chosen Chariots, and all the Chariots of Egypt, 
 
 and Captains over every one of them. 
 And the Lokd hardened the heart of Pharaoh King of Egypt, and he 
 
 pursued after the Children of Israel : and the Children of Israel went 
 
 out with an high hand. 
 But the Egyptians pursued after them, all the Horses and Chariots of 
 
 Pharaoh, and his Horsemen, and his Army, and overtook them 
 
 encamping by the Sea, beside Pi-hahiroth, before Baal-zephon. 
 And when Pharaoh drew nigh, the Children of Israel lifted up their eyes, 
 
 and. Behold, the Egyptians marched after them ; and they were sore 
 
 afraid : and the Children of Israel cried out unto the Loed. 
 And they said unto Moses, Because there were no graves in Egypt, hast 
 
 thou taken us away to die in the Wilderness ? Wherefore hast thou 
 
 dealt thus with us, to carry us forth out of Egypt ? 
 Is not this the word that we did tell thee in Egypt, saying. Let us alone, 
 
 that we may serve the Egyptians ? For it had been better for us to 
 
 serve the Egyptians, than that we should die in the Wilderness. 
 
THE HOBSE AND HIS BIDEB. 
 
 And Moses said unto the People, Fear ye not, stand still, and see the 
 Salvation of the Lord, which He will shew to you to-day: For the 
 Egyptians whom ye have seen to-day, ye shall see them again no 
 more for ever. 
 
 The Lord shall fight for you, and ye shall hold your peace. 
 
 And the Lord said unto Moses, Wherefore criest thou unto Me ? Speak 
 unto the Children of Israel, that they go forw^ard : 
 
 But lift thou up thy Kod, and stretch out thine hand over the Sea, and 
 divide it: and the Children of Israel shall go on Dry ground through 
 the midst of the Sea. 
 
 And I, Behold, I will harden the hearts of the Egyptians, and they shall 
 follow them : and I will get Me honour upon Pharaoh, and upon 
 all his Host, upon his Chariots, and upon his Horsemen. And the 
 Egyptians shall know that I am the Lord, when I have gotten Me 
 honour upon Pharaoh, upon his Chariots, and upon his Horsemen. 
 
 And the Angel of God, which went before the Camp of Israel, removed and 
 went behind them ; and the Pillar of the Cloud went from before their 
 face, and stood behind them. And it came between the Camp of the 
 Egyptians and the Camp of Israel ; and it was a Cloud and Darkness to 
 them, but it gave Light by night to these : so that the one came not 
 near the other all the night. 
 
 And Moses stretched out his hand over the Sea ; and the Lord caused the 
 Sea to go back by a strong East wind all that night, and made the Sea 
 Dry land, and the Waters were divided. 
 
 And the Children of Israel went into the midst of the Sea upon the Dry 
 ground : and the Waters were a Wall unto them on their right hand 
 and on their left. 
 
 And the Egyptians pursued, and went in after them to the midst of the Sea, 
 even all Pharaoh's Horses, his Chariots, and his Horsemen. 
 
 And it came to pass, that in the Morning Watch the Lord looked unto the 
 Host of the Egyptians through the Pillar of Fire and of the Cloud, and 
 troubled the Host of the Egyptians, and took off their Chariot Wheels, 
 
THE HOBSE AND HIS BIDEB. 
 
 that they drave them heavily : so that the Egyptians said, Let us flee from 
 
 the face of Israel ; for the Lord fighteth for them against the Egyptians. 
 And the Lord said unto Moses, Stretch out thine hand over the Sea, that the 
 
 Waters may come again upon the Egyptians, upon their Chariots, and 
 
 upon their Horsemen. 
 And Moses stretched forth his hand over the Sea, and the Sea returned to his 
 
 strength when the morning appeared ; and the Egyptians fled against it; 
 And the Lord overthrew the Egyptians in the midst of the Sea. 
 And the Waters returned, and covered the Chariots, and the Horsemen, 
 
 and all the Host of Pharaoh that came into the Sea after them ; there 
 
 remained not so much as one of them. 
 But the Children of Israel walked upon Dry land in the midst of the Sea ; 
 
 and the Waters were a Wall unto them on their right hand, and on 
 
 their left. 
 
 Thus the Lord saved Israel that day out of the hand of the Egyptians ; and 
 
 Israel saw the Egyptians dead upon the Sea shore. 
 And Israel saw that Great Work which the Lord did upon the Egyptians : 
 And the People feared the Lord, and believed the Lord, and His servant 
 
 Moses. 
 
 Then sang Moses and the Children of Israel this song unto the Lord, and 
 spake, saying, 
 
 I will sing unto the Lord, for He hath triumphed gloriously : 
 The Horse and his Rider hath He thrown into the Sea. 
 
 The Lord is my Strength and Song, and He is become my Salvation : He 
 is my God, and I will prepare Him a habitation ; my Father's God, 
 and I will exalt Him. 
 
 The Lord is a man of War : The Lord is His name. 
 
 Pharaoh's Chariots and his Host hath He cast into the Sea : his chosen 
 
 Captains also are drowned in the Red Sea. 
 The Depths have covered them : they sank into the bottom as a stone. 
 Thy right hand, 0 Lord, is become glorious in power : Thy right hand, 0 
 
 Lord, hath dashed in pieces the Enemy. 
 
 13 
 
THE HOBSE AND HIS BIDEB. 
 
 And in the Greatness of Thine Excellency Thou hast overthrown them that 
 rose up against Thee : Thou sentest forth Thy Wrath, which consumed 
 them as stubble. 
 
 And with the Blast of Thy nostrils the Waters were gathered together, the 
 Floods stood upright as an Heap, and the Depths were congealed in the 
 Heart of the Sea. 
 
 The Enemy said, I will pursue, I will overtake, I will divide the Spoil ; my 
 Lust shall be satisfied upon them ; I will draw my Sword, my hand shall 
 destroy them. 
 
 Thou didst blow with Thy Wind, the Sea covered them : they sank as lead 
 
 in the mighty Waters. 
 Who is like unto Thee, 0 Lord, among the Gods? Who is like Thee, 
 
 glorious in Holiness, fearful in Praises, doing Wonders ? 
 Thou stretchedst out Thy Eight Hand, the Earth swallowed them. 
 Thou in Thy mercy hast lead forth the People which Thou hast redeemed : 
 
 Thou hast guided them in Thy Strength unto Thy Holy Habitation. 
 The People shall hear and be afraid : Sorrow shall take hold on the 
 
 Inhabitants of Palestina. 
 Then the Dukes of Edom shall be amazed ; the mighty men of Moab, trembling 
 
 shall take hold of them : all the Inhabitants of Canaan shall melt away. 
 Fear and Dread shall fall upon them ; By the Greatness of Thine Arm they 
 
 shall be as still as a stone : till Thy People pass over, 0 Lord, till the 
 
 People pass over, which Thou hast purchased. 
 Thou shalt bring them in, and plant them in the Mountain of Thine 
 
 Inheritance, in the Place, 0 Lord, which Thou hast made for Thee to 
 
 dwell in ; in the Sanctuary, 0 Lord, which Thy hands have established. 
 The Lord shall reign for ever and ever. 
 
 For the Horse of Pharaoh went in with his Chariots and with his Horsemen 
 into the Sea, and the Lord brought again the Waters of the Sea upon 
 them ; but the Children of Israel went on Dry land in the midst of the Sea. 
 
 And Miriam the Prophetess, the sister of Aaron, took a Timbrel in her hand; 
 and all the Women went out after her with Timbrels and with Dances. 
 
THE EOBSE AND HIS BIDEU. 
 
 And Miriam answered them, Sing ye to the Lord, for He hath triumphed 
 
 gloriously : the Horse and his Eider hath He thrown into the Sea. 
 
 Exodus xiv. 5-xv. 21. 
 
 Some trust in Chariots, and some in Horses : But we will remember the name 
 of the Lord our God. 
 
 Psalm xx. 7. 
 
 " The Red Sea coast, whose waves orethrew 
 Busiris and his Memphian chivalrie, 
 While with perfidious hatred they pursu'd 
 The Sojourners of Goshen, who beheld 
 From the safe shore their floating carkases 
 And broken Chariot Wheels, so thick bestrown 
 Abject and lost lay these, covering the Flood, 
 Under amazement of their hideous change." 
 
 Paradise Lost, Ed. 1667, bk. i. 11. 306-313. 
 " Thus with ten wounds 
 This River-Dragon tam'd at length submits 
 To let his sojourners depart, and oft 
 Humbles his stubborn heart, but still as Ice 
 More hardn'd after thaw, till in his rage 
 Pursuing whom he late dismissd, the Sea 
 Swallows him with his Host, but them lets pass 
 As on drie land between two christal walls, 
 Aw'd by the rod of Moses so to stand 
 Divided, till his rescu'd gain thir shoar : 
 Such wondrous power God to his Saint will lend. 
 Though present in his Angel, who shall goe 
 Before them in a Cloud, and Pillar of Fire, 
 By day a Cloud, by night a pillar of Fire, 
 To guide them in thir journey, and remove 
 Behinde them, while th' obdurat King pursues : 
 All night he will pursue, but his approach 
 Darkness defends between till morning Watch ; 
 Then through the Firey Pillar and the Cloud 
 God looking forth will trouble all his Host 
 And craze thir Chariot wheels : when by command 
 Moses once more his potent Rod extends 
 Over the Sea ; the Sea his Rod obeys ; 
 On thir imbattelld ranks the Waves return, 
 And overwhelm thir Warr." 
 
 Paradise Lost, Ed. 1607, bk. x. 11. 1082-1106. 
 15 
 
YII. 
 
 THE SCAPE GOAT. 
 
 And Aaron shall cast lots upon the two Goats ; one lot for the Lord, and 
 
 the other lot for the Scape Goat. 
 And Aaron shall bring the Goat upon which the Lord's lot fell, and offer 
 
 him for a sin offering: 
 But the Goat, on which the lot fell to be the Scape Goat, shall be presented 
 
 alive before the Lord, to make an atonement with him, and to let him 
 
 go for a Scape Goat into the Wilderness. 
 And when he hath made an end of reconciling the Holy Place, and the 
 
 Tabernacle of the Congregation, and the Altar, he shall bring the live 
 
 Goat : 
 
 And Aaron shall lay both his hands upon the head of the live Goat, and 
 confess over him all the iniquities of the Children of Israel, and all 
 their transgressions in all their sins, putting them upon the head of 
 the Goat, and shall send him away by the hand of a fit man into the 
 Wilderness. 
 
 Leviticus xvi. 8-10, 20, 21. 
 
 Surely He hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows : yet we did esteem 
 
 Him stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted. 
 
 All we like sheep have gone astray ; we have turned every one to his own 
 
 way ; and the Lord hath laid on Him the iniquity of us all. 
 
 Isaiah liii. 4, 6, 
 
 And he that let go the Goat for the Scape Goat shall wash his clothes, 
 and bathe his flesh in water, and afterward come into the Camp. 
 
 17 . D 
 
THE SCAPE GOAT. 
 
 And the Bullock for the sin offering, and the Goat for the sin offering, whose 
 blood was brought in to make atonement in the Holy Place, shall one 
 carry forth without the Camp: and they shall burn in the fire their 
 skins, and their flesh, and their dung. 
 
 Leviticus xvi. 26, 27. 
 
 For the bodies of those beasts, whose blood is brought into the Sanctuary 
 by the High Priest for Sin, are burned without the Camp. 
 
 Wherefore Jesus also, that He might sanctify the people with His own blood, 
 suffered without the Gate. 
 
 Hebrews xiii. 11, 12. 
 
 " To whom thus Michael Doubt not but that sin 
 Will reign among them, as of thee begot ; 
 And therefore was Law given them to evince 
 Thir natural pravitie, by stirring up 
 Sin against Law to fight ; that when they see 
 Law can discover sin, but not remove, 
 Save by those shadowie expiations weak, 
 The bloud of Bulls and Goats, they may conclude 
 Some bloud more precious must be paid for Man, 
 Just for unjust, that in such righteousness 
 To them by Faith imputed, they may finde . 
 Justification towards God, and peace 
 Of Conscience, which the Law by Ceremonies 
 Cannot appease, nor Man the moral part 
 Perform, and not performing cannot live. 
 So Law appears imperfet, and but giv'n 
 With purpose to resign them in full time 
 Up to a better Cov'nant, disciplin'd 
 From shadowie Types to Truth, from Flesh to Spirit, 
 From imposition of strict Laws, to free 
 Acceptance of large Grace, from servil fear 
 To filial, works of Law to works of Faith." 
 
 Paradise Lost, Ed. 1667, bk. x. 11. 1176-1197. 
 
 18 
 
VIII. 
 
 THE EWE LAMB. 
 
 And the Lord sent Nathan unto David. And he came unto him, and said 
 unto him. 
 
 There were two men in one City ; the one Kich, and the other Poor. 
 The Eich man had exceeding many Flocks and Herds: 
 
 But the Poor man had nothing, save one Little Ewe Lamb, which he had 
 bought and nourished up : and it grew up together with him, and with 
 his Children; it did eat of his own meat, and drank of his own cup, 
 and lay in his bosom, and was unto him as a Daughter. 
 
 And there came a Traveller unto the Eich man, and he spared to take 
 of his own Flock and of his own Herd, to dress for the wayfaring 
 man that was come unto him ; but took the Poor man's Lamb, and 
 dressed it for the man that was come to him. 
 
 And David's anger was greatly kindled against the man ; and he said to 
 Nathan, As the Lord hveth, the man that hath done this thing shall 
 surely die: 
 
 And he shall restore the Lamb fourfold, because he did this thing, and 
 
 because he had no Pity. 
 And Nathan said to David, Thou art the man. 
 
 2 Samuel xil 1-7. 
 
 19 
 
IX. 
 
 GOATS AND CONIES. 
 
 Upon the Rocks of the Wild Goats. 
 
 1 Samuel xxiv. 2. 
 
 The High Hills are a refuge for the Wild Goats ; and the Rocks for the 
 Conies. 
 
 Psalm civ. 18. 
 
 The Conies are but a feeble folk, yet make they their houses in the Rocks. 
 
 Proverbs xxx. 26. 
 
 Knov^est thou the time when the Wild Goats of the Rock bring forth ? 
 
 Job XXXIX. 1. 
 
 21 
 
X. 
 
 APES AND PEACOCKS. 
 
 And all King Solomon's drinking vessels were of Gold, and all the vessels 
 of the House of the forest of Lebanon were of pure Gold ; none were 
 of silver : it was nothing accounted of in the days of Solomon. 
 
 For the King had at sea a Navy of Tharshish with the Navy of Hiram : 
 
 Once in three years came the Navy of Tharshish, bringing Gold, and Silver, 
 Ivory, and Apes, and Peacocks. 
 
 So King Solomon exceeded all the Kings of the Earth for Eiches and for 
 Wisdom. 
 
 And all the Earth sought to Solomon, to hear his Wisdom, which God had 
 put in his heart. 
 
 And they brought every man his Present, Vessels of Silver, and Vessels of 
 Gold, and Garments, and Armour, and Spices, Horses, and Mules, a rate 
 year by year. 
 
 And Solomon gathered together Chariots and Horsemen : and he had a 
 thousand and four hundred Chariots, and twelve thousand Horsemen, 
 whom he bestowed in the Cities for Chariots, and with the King at 
 Jerusalem. 
 
 And the King made Silver to be in Jerusalem as stones, and Cedars made he 
 to be as the Sycomore trees that are in the Vale, for abundance. 
 
 But King Solomon loved many strange Women (together with the 
 Daughter of Pharaoh), women of the Moabites, Ammonites, Edomites, 
 Zidonians, and Hittites; of the Nations concerning which the Loed 
 
APES AND PEACOCKS. 
 
 said unto the Children of Israel, Ye shall not go in to them, neither 
 shall they come in unto you : for surely they will turn away your heart 
 after their gods : 
 
 Solomon clave unto these in love. And he had seven hundred Wives, 
 Princesses, and three hundred Concubines : and his Wives turned away 
 his heart. 
 
 For it came to pass, when Solomon was old, that his Wives turned away his 
 
 heart after other gods : and his heart was not perfect with the Lord 
 
 his God, as was the heart of David his father. 
 For Solomon went after Ashtoreth the goddess of the Zidonians, and after 
 
 Milcom the abomination of the Ammonites. 
 And Solomon did evil in the sight of the Lord, and went not fully after 
 
 the Lord, as did David his father. 
 
 1 Kings x. 21-27 ; xi. 1-6. 
 
 " For those the Race of Israel oft forsook 
 Their living strength, and unfrequented left 
 His righteous Altar, bowing lowly down 
 To bestial Gods ; for which their heads as low 
 Bow'd down in Battel, sunk before the Spear 
 Of despicable foes. With these in troop 
 Came Astoreth, whom the Phoenicians call'd 
 Astarte, Queen of Heav'n, with crescent Horns ; 
 To whose bright Image nightly by the Moon 
 Sidonian Virgins paid their Vows and Songs, 
 In Sion also not unsung, where stood 
 Her Temple on th' offensive Mountain, built 
 By that uxorious King, whose heart though large, 
 Beguil'd by fair Idolatresses, fell 
 To Idols foul." 
 
 Paradise Lost, Ed. 1667, bk. i. 11. 432-446. 
 
 " The crested Cock whose clarion sounds 
 The silent hours, and th' other whose gay Traine 
 Adorns him, colour'd with the Florid hue 
 Of Eainbows and Starrie Eyes." 
 
 Paradise Lost, Ed. 1667, bk. vii. 11. 443-446. 
 
 24 
 
XI. 
 
 JEZEBEL. 
 
 And it came to pass after these things, that Naboth the Jezreelite had a 
 Vineyard, which was in Jezreel, hard by the Palace of Ahab King 
 of Samaria. 
 
 And Ahab spake unto Naboth, saying, Give me thy Vineyard, that I may 
 have it for a Garden of Herbs, because it is near unto my House : 
 and I will give thee for it a better Vineyard than it ; or, if it seem 
 good to thee, I wdll give thee the worth of it in money. 
 
 And Naboth said to Ahab, The Lord forbid it me, that I should give the 
 Inheritance of my Fathers unto thee. 
 
 And Ahab came into his House heavy and displeased because of the word 
 which Naboth the Jezreelite had spoken to him : for he had said, 
 I will not give thee the Inheritance of my Fathers. And he laid 
 him down upon his bed, and turned away his face, and would eat 
 no bread. 
 
 But Jezebel his Wife came to him, and said unto him. Why is thy spirit 
 
 so sad, that thou eatest no bread ? 
 And he said unto her. Because I spake unto Naboth the Jezreelite, and 
 
 said unto him. Give me thy Vineyard for money ; or else, if it please 
 
 thee, I will give thee another Vineyard for it : and he answered, 
 
 I will not give thee my Vineyard. 
 And Jezebel his Wife said unto him. Dost thou now govern the Kingdom 
 
 of Israel ? Arise, and eat bread, and let thine heart be merry : I will 
 
 give thee the Vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite. 
 
 25 E 
 
JEZEBEL. 
 
 So she wrote Letters in Ahab's name, and sealed them with his Seal, and 
 sent the Letters unto the Elders and to the Nobles that were in his 
 City, dwelling with Naboth. 
 
 And she wrote in the Letters, saying, Proclaim a Fast, and set Naboth 
 on high among the People : And set two men, sons of Belial, before 
 him, to bear witness against him, saying. Thou didst blaspheme God and 
 the King. And then carry him out, and stone him, that he may die. 
 
 And the men of his City, even the Elders and the Nobles who were the 
 inhabitants in his City, did as Jezebel had sent unto them, and as 
 . it was written in the Letters which she had sent unto them. 
 
 They proclaimed a Fast, and set Naboth on high among the People. 
 
 And there came in two men, children of Belial, and sat before him : and 
 the men of Belial witnessed against him, even against Naboth, in 
 the presence of the People, saying, Naboth did blaspheme God and 
 the King. 
 
 Then they carried him forth out of the City, and stoned him with stones, 
 that he died. 
 
 Then they sent to Jezebel, saying, Naboth is stoned, and is dead. 
 
 And it came to pass, when Jezebel heard that Naboth was stoned, and was 
 dead, that Jezebel said to Ahab, Arise, take possession of the Vineyard 
 of Naboth the Jezreelite, which he refused to give thee for money : 
 for Naboth is not alive, but dead. 
 
 And it came to pass, when Ahab heard that Naboth was dead, that Ahab 
 rose up to go down to the Vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite, to 
 take possession of it. 
 
 And the word of the Lord came to Elijah the Tishbite, saying. 
 
 Arise, go down to meet Ahab King of Israel, which is in Samaria : Behold, 
 he is in the Vineyard of Naboth, whither he is gone down to possess it. 
 
 And thou shalt speak unto him, saying. Thus saith the Lord, Hast thou 
 killed and also taken possession ? And thou shalt speak unto him, say- 
 ing. Thus saith the Lord, In the place where Dogs licked the Blood of 
 Naboth shall Dogs lick thy Blood, even thine. 
 
JEZEBEL. 
 
 And Ahab said to Elijah, Hast thou found me, 0 mine Enemy ? And he 
 
 answered, I have found thee : because thou hast sold thyself to work evil 
 
 in the sight of the Lord. 
 Behold, I will bring evil upon thee, and will take away thy Posterity. 
 And of Jezebel also spake the Lord, saying. The Dogs shall eat Jezebel by 
 
 the Wall of Jezreel. 
 Him that dieth of Ahab in the City the Dogs shall eat : and him that dieth 
 
 in the Field shall the Fowls of the Air eat. 
 
 ****** 
 
 And the King of Israel said unto his servants. Know ye that Ramoth in 
 Gilead is ours, and we be still, and take it not out of the hand of the 
 King of Syria ? 
 
 And he said to Jehoshaphat King of Judah, Wilt thou go with me to 
 battle to Ramoth-Gilead ? And Jehoshaphat said to the King of 
 Israel, I am as thou art, my People as thy People, my Horses as thy 
 Horses. 
 
 So the King of Israel and Jehoshaphat the King of Judah went up to 
 Ramoth-Gilead. 
 
 And the King of Israel disguised himself, and went into the Battle. 
 
 And a certain man drew a bow at a venture, and smote the King of Israel 
 between the joints of the harness : wherefore he said unto the driver of 
 his Chariot, Turn thine hand, and carry me out of the Host ; for I am 
 wounded. 
 
 And the Battle increased that day : and the King was stayed up in his 
 
 Chariot against the Syrians, and died at even : and the Blood ran out of 
 
 the wound into the midst of the Chariot. 
 And there went a Proclamation throughout the Host about the going down 
 
 of the Sun, saying. Every man to his City, and every man to his own 
 
 Country. 
 
 So the King died, and was brought to Samaria ; and they buried the King in 
 Samaria. 
 
 27 
 
JEZEBEL. 
 
 And one washed the Chariot in the Pool of Samaria ; and the Dogs hcked 
 up his Blood ; and they washed his Armour ; according unto the word 
 of the Lord which He spake. 
 
 So Ahab slept with his fathers ; and Ahaziah his son reigned in his stead. 
 
 And Ahaziah fell down through a lattice in his upper chamber that was in 
 Samaria. 
 
 So he died, and Joram son of Ahab reigned in his stead, because he had no 
 son. 
 
 And Joram the son of Ahab made war against Hazael King of Syria, in 
 
 Ramoth-Gilead ; and the Syrians wounded Joram. 
 And King Joram went back to be healed in Jezreel of the wounds which the 
 
 Syrians had given him at Eamah, when he fought against Hazael King 
 
 of Syria. 
 
 And Elisha the Prophet called one of the Children of the Prophets, and said 
 unto him, Gird up thy loins and take this Box of Oil in thine hand, and 
 go to Ramoth-Gilead : And when thou comest thither, look out there 
 Jehu the son of Jehoshaphat the son of Nimshi, and go in, and make 
 him arise up from among his brethren, and carry him to an inner 
 chamber ; Then take the Box of Oil, and pour it on his head, and 'say, 
 Thus saith the Lord, I have anointed thee King over Israel. Then 
 open the door, and flee, and tarry not. 
 
 So the young man, even the young man the Prophet, went to Ramoth- 
 Gilead. 
 
 And when he came. Behold, the Captains of the Host were sitting ; and he 
 said, I have an errand to thee, 0 Captain. And Jehu said. Unto which 
 of all of us ? And he said. To thee, 0 Captain. 
 
 And he arose, and went into the house ; and he poured the Oil on his head, 
 and said unto him. Thus saith the Lord God of Israel, I have anointed 
 thee King over the People of the Lord, even over Israel. 
 
 And thou shalt smite the House of Ahab thy master, that I may avenge the 
 Blood of My servants the Prophets, and the Blood of all the servants of 
 the Lord, at the hand of Jezebel. 
 
JEZEBEL. 
 
 For the whole House of Ahab shall perish. 
 
 And the Dogs shall eat Jezebel in the Portion of Jezreel, and there shall be 
 
 none to bury her. 
 And he opened the door, and fled. 
 
 Then Jehu came forth to the Servants of his Lord : and one said unto him, 
 Is all well? Wherefore came this mad fellow to thee? And he said 
 unto them. Ye know the man, and his communication. 
 
 And they said. It is false ; tell us now. And he said. Thus and thus spake 
 he to me, saying. Thus saith the Lord, I have anointed thee King over 
 Israel. 
 
 And they hasted, and took every man his garment, and put it under him on 
 the top of the stairs, and blew with trumpets, saying, Jehu is King. 
 
 So Jehu the son of Jehoshaphat the son of Nimshi conspired against 
 Joram. 
 
 And Jehu said, If it be your minds, then let none go forth nor escape out of 
 
 the City to go to tell it in Jezreel. 
 So Jehu rode in a Chariot, and went to Jezreel : for Joram lay there. 
 And there stood a Watchman on the Tower in Jezreel, and he spied the 
 
 Company of Jehu as he came, and said, I see a Company. And Joram 
 
 said. Take an Horseman and send to meet them, and let him say, Is it 
 
 Peace ? 
 
 So there went one on horseback to meet him, and said, Thus saith the 
 King, Is it Peace ? 
 
 And Jehu said. What hast thou to do with Peace ? Turn thee behind me. 
 And the Watchman told, saying. The messenger came to them, but he 
 Cometh not again. 
 
 Then he sent out a second on horseback, which came to them and said. Thus 
 
 saith the King, Is it Peace ? And Jehu answered. What hast thou to 
 
 do with Peace ? Turn thee behind me. 
 And the Watchman told, saying. He came even unto them, and cometh not 
 
 again : and the driving is like the driving of Jehu the son of Nimshi ; 
 
 for he driveth furiously. 
 
 29 
 
JEZEBEL. 
 
 And Joram said, Make ready. And his Chariot was made ready. And 
 
 Joram King of Israel and Ahaziah King of Judah went out, each in his 
 
 Chariot, and they went out against Jehu, and met him in the Portion of 
 
 Naboth the Jezreehte. 
 And it came to pass, when Joram saw Jehu, that he said. Is it Peace, Jehu ? 
 And he answered, What peace, so long as the whoredoms of thy Mother 
 
 Jezebel and her witchcrafts are so many ? 
 And Joram turned his hands, and fled, and said to Ahaziah, There is 
 
 Treachery, 0 Ahaziah. 
 And Jehu drew a bow with his full strength, and smote Jehoram between 
 
 his arms, and the arrow went out at his heart, and he sunk down 
 
 in his Chariot. 
 
 Then said Jehu to Bidkar his Captain, Take up, and cast him in the 
 • Portion of the field of Naboth the Jezreelite : for remember how 
 
 that, when I and thou rode together after Ahab his father, the Lord 
 
 laid this burden upon him ; 
 Surely I have seen yesterday the Blood of Naboth, and the Blood of his 
 
 sons, saith the Lord ; and I will requite thee in this Plat, saith the 
 
 Lord. 
 
 Now therefore take and cast him into the Plat of ground, according to 
 
 the word of the Lord. 
 And when Jehu was come to Jezreel, Jezebel heard of it ; and she painted 
 
 her face, and tired her head, and looked out at a window. 
 And as Jehu entered in at the Gate, She said. Had Zimri Peace, who 
 
 slew his Master ? 
 
 And he lifted up his face to the window, and said. Who is on my side? 
 
 Who ? And there looked out to him two or three eunuchs. 
 And he said. Throw her down. So they threw her down : and some of 
 
 her Blood was sprinkled on the Wall, and on the Horses : and he 
 
 trode her under foot. 
 And when he was come in, he did eat and drink, and said. Go, see now 
 
 this cursed woman, and bury her : for she is a King's Daughter. 
 
JEZEBEL. 
 
 And they went to bury her : but they found no more of her than the 
 
 Scull, and the Feet, and the Palms of her Hands. 
 Wherefore they came again, and told him. And he said, This is the 
 
 word of the Lord, which He spake by His servant Elijah the Tishbite, 
 
 saying, 
 
 In the Portion of Jezreel shall Dogs eat the Flesh of Jezebel. 
 
 1 Kings xxi. 
 
 2 Kings ix. 
 
 " Innumerable 
 Disturbances on Earth through Femal snares, 
 
 Which infinite calamitie shall cause 
 
 To Humane life, and houshold peace confound." 
 
 Paradise Lost, Ed. 1667, bk. ix. 1. 896. 
 
 31 
 
XII. 
 
 THE LION. 
 
 JuDAH is a Lion's Whelp : from the prey, my son, thou art gone up : 
 He stooped down, he couched as a Lion, and as an Old Lion : who shall 
 rouse him up ? 
 
 Genesis xlix. 9. 
 
 Woe to them that go down to Egypt for help ; and stay on Horses, 
 and trust in Chariots, because they are many ; and in Horsemen, 
 because they are very strong ; But they look not unto the Holy One of 
 Israel, neither seek the Lord ! 
 
 Yet He also is wise, and will bring evil, and will not call back His words : 
 but will arise against the house of the evildoers, and against the help 
 of them that work iniquity. 
 
 Now the Egyptians are men, and not God ; and their Horses flesh, and 
 not Spirit. When the Lord shall stretch out His hand, both he that 
 helpeth shall fall, and he that is holpen shall fall down, and they all 
 shall fall together. 
 
 For thus hath the Lord spoken unto me. Like as the Lion and the young 
 Lion roaring on his prey, when a Multitude of Shepherds is called 
 forth against him, he will not be afraid of their Voice, nor abase 
 himself for the Noise of them : So shall the Lord of Hosts come 
 down to fight for Mount Zion, and for the Hill thereof. 
 As birds flying, so will the Lord of Hosts defend Jerusalem ; defending 
 also He will deliver it ; and passing over He will preserve it. 
 
 Isaiah xxxi. 1-5. 
 33 F 
 
THE LION. 
 
 Set up the standard toward Zion : retire, stay not : for I will bring evil 
 
 from the North, and a great destruction. 
 The Lion is come up from his thicket, and the destroyer of the Gentiles 
 
 is on his way : he is gone forth from his place to make thy Land 
 
 desolate ; and thy Cities shall be laid waste, without an inhabitant. 
 For this gird you with sackcloth, lament and howl : for the fierce anger 
 
 of the Lord is not turned back from us. 
 
 Jeremiah iv. 6-8. 
 
 Yet I am the Lord thy God from the Land of Egypt, and thou shalt 
 know no god but Me : for there is no saviour beside Me. 
 
 I did know thee in the Wilderness, in the Land of great Drought. 
 
 According to their pasture, so were they filled ; they were filled, and their 
 heart was exalted ; therefore have they forgotten Me. 
 
 Therefore I will be unto them as a Lion : as a Leopard by the way will 
 I observe them : 
 
 I will meet them as a Bear that is bereaved of her whelps, and will rend 
 the caul of their heart, and there will I devour them like a Lion : 
 the wild beast shall tear them : 
 
 0 Israel, thou hast destroyed thyself ; but in Me is thy help. 
 
 HosEA XIII. 4-9. 
 
 " Down from a Hill the Beast that reigns in Woods, 
 First Hunter then, pursu'd a gentle brace 
 Goodliest of all the Forrest, Hart and Hinde ; 
 Direct to tli' Eastern Gate was bent thir flight." 
 
 Paradise Lost, Ed. 1667, bk. x. 11. 187-190. 
 
 34 
 
XIII. 
 
 BABYLON A COURT FOR 
 
 OWLS. 
 
 And Babylon, the glory of Kingdoms, the beauty of the Chaldees' excellency, 
 
 shall be as when God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah. 
 It shall never be inhabited, neither shall it be dwelt in from generation to 
 
 generation : neither shall the Arabian pitch tent there ; neither shall 
 
 the Shepherds make their fold there. 
 But Wild Beasts of the Desert shall lie there ; and their houses shall be 
 
 full of Doleful Creatures ; and Owls shall dwell there, and Satyrs shall 
 
 dance there. 
 
 And the Wild Beasts of the islands shall cry in their desolate houses, and 
 
 Dragons in their pleasant palaces : and her time is near to come, and 
 
 her days shall not be prolonged. 
 For the Lord will have mercy on Jacob, and will yet choose Israel, and set 
 
 them in their own Land : and the Strangers shall be joined with them, 
 
 and they shall cleave to the House of Jacob. 
 And the People shall take them, and bring them to their place : and the 
 
 House of Israel shall possess them in the Land of the Lord for servants 
 
 and handmaids : and they shall take them captives, whose captives they 
 
 were ; and they shall rule over their oppressors. 
 And it shall come to pass in the day that the Lord shall give thee rest from 
 
 thy Sorrow, and from thy Fear, and from the hard Bondage wherein 
 
BABYLON A COURT FOB OWLS. 
 
 thou wast made to serve, that thou shalt take up this proverb against 
 
 the King of Babylon and say, 
 How hath the oppressor ceased ! the Golden City ceased ! 
 The Lord hath broken the Staff of the Wicked, and the Sceptre of the 
 
 Rulers. 
 
 He who smote the People in Wrath with a continual Stroke, he that ruled 
 the Nations in Anger, is persecuted, and none hindereth. 
 
 The whole Earth is at rest, and is quiet : they break forth into 
 Singing. 
 
 Yea, the Fir-trees rejoice at thee, and the Cedars of Lebanon, saying. Since 
 
 thou art laid down, no Feller is come up against us. 
 Hell from beneath is moved for thee to meet thee at thy coming : it stirreth 
 
 up the Dead for thee, even all the Chief ones of the Earth ; it hath 
 
 raised up from their Thrones all the Kings of the Nations. 
 All they shall speak and say unto thee. Art thou also become weak as we ? 
 
 Art thou become like unto us ? 
 Thy Pomp is brought down to the Grave, and the Noise of thy Yiols : the 
 
 Worm is spread under thee, and the Worms cover thee. 
 How art thou fallen from Heaven, 0 Lucifer, Son of the Morning ! How 
 
 art thou cut down to the ground, which didst weaken the Nations ! 
 For thou hast said in thy heart, I will ascend into Heaven, I will exalt my 
 
 throne above the Stars of God : I will sit also upon the Mount of the 
 
 Congregation, in the sides of the North : 
 I will ascend above the heights of the Clouds ; I will be like the Most 
 
 High. 
 
 Yet thou shalt be brought down to Hell, to the sides of the Pit. 
 
 They that see thee shall narrowly look upon thee, and consider thee, saying, 
 Is this the man that made the Earth to tremble ? that did shake 
 Kingdoms ? that made the World as a Wilderness, and destroyed the 
 Cities thereof? that opened not the House of his Prisoners ? 
 
 All the Kings of the Nations, even all of them, lie in Glory, every one in his 
 own House. 
 
BABYLON A COURT FOB OWLS. 
 
 But thou art cast out of thy Grave like an abominable Branch, and as 
 the Raiment of those that are slain, thrust through with a Sword, 
 that go down to the stones of the Pit ; as a Carcase trodden under 
 feet. 
 
 Thou shalt not be joined with them in Burial, because thou hast destroyed 
 thy Land, and slain thy People. The Seed of Evildoers shall never be 
 renowned. 
 
 Prepare slaughter for his Children for the iniquity of their Fathers ; that 
 they do not rise, nor possess the Land, nor fill the face of the World 
 with Cities. 
 
 For I will rise up against them, saith the Lord of Hosts, and cut off from 
 Babylon the Name, and Remnant, and Son, and Nephew, saith the 
 Lord. 
 
 I will also make it a possession for the Bittern, and Pools of Water : 
 and I will sweep it with the Besom of Destruction, saith the Lord 
 of Hosts. 
 
 Isaiah xiii. 19-xiv. 23. 
 
 The Sword of the Lord is filled with Blood, it is made fat with fatness, and 
 with the blood of lambs and goats, with the fat of the kidneys of rams : 
 for the Lord hath a sacrifice in Bosrah, and a great slaughter in the 
 Land of Idumea. 
 
 And the Unicorns shall come down with them, and the Bullocks with the 
 Bulls ; and their Land shall be soaked with blood, and their dust made 
 fat with fatness. 
 
 For it is the day of the Lord's Vengeance, and the year of Recompences for 
 
 the Controversy of Zion. 
 And the Streams thereof shall be turned into Pitch, and the Dust thereof 
 
 into Brimstone, and the Land thereof shall become burning Pitch. 
 It shall not be quenched night nor day ; the Smoke thereof shall go up for 
 
 ever : from generation to generation it shall lie waste ; none shall pass 
 
 through it for ever and ever. 
 
 37 
 
BABYLON A COUBT FOB OWLS. 
 
 But the Cormorant and the Bittern shall possess it : the Owl also and the 
 
 Eaven shall dwell in it : and He shall stretch out upon it the line of 
 
 Confusion, and the Stones of Emptiness. 
 They shall call the Nobles thereof to the Kingdom, but none shall be there, 
 
 and all her Princes shall be Nothing. 
 And Thorns shall come up in her Palaces, Nettles and Brambles in the 
 
 Fortresses thereof : and it shall be an Habitation of Dragons, and a 
 
 Court for Owls. 
 
 The Wild Beasts of the Desert shall also meet with the Wild Beasts of the 
 
 Island, and the Satyr shall cry to his fellow ; the Screech Owl also shall 
 
 rest there, and find for herself a place of rest. 
 There shall the Great Owl make her nest, and lay, and hatch, and gather 
 
 under her shadow : 
 There shall the Vultures also be gathered, every one with her mate. 
 Seek ye out of the Book of the Lord, and read : no one of these shall fail, 
 
 none shall want her mate : for My mouth it hath commanded, and His 
 
 spirit it hath gathered them. 
 And He hath cast the lot for them, and His hand hath divided it unto them 
 
 by line : they shall possess it for ever, from generation to generation 
 
 shall they dwell therein. 
 
 Isaiah xxxiv. 6-17. 
 
 A Sword is upon the Chaldeans, saith the Lord, and upon the Inhabitants 
 of Babylon, and upon her Princes, and upon her Wise Men. 
 
 A Sword is upon the Liars ; and they shall dote : A Sword is upon her Mighty 
 Men ; and they shall be dismayed. 
 
 A Sword is upon their Horses, and upon their Chariots, and upon all the 
 mingled People that are in the midst of her ; and they shall become as 
 Women : A Sword is upon her Treasures ; and they shall be robbed. 
 
 A Drought is upon her Waters ; and they shall be dried up : for it is the land 
 of Graven Images, and they are mad upon their Idols. 
 
 Therefore the Wild Beasts of the Desert with the Wild Beasts of the Islands 
 shall dwell there, and the Owls shall dwell therein : and it shall be no 
 
 38 
 
BABYLON A COURT FOB OWLS. 
 
 more inhabited for ever ; neither shall it be dwelt in from generation to 
 generation. 
 
 As God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah and the neighbour Cities thereof, 
 saith the Lord ; so shall no man abide there, neither shall any son of 
 man dwell therein. 
 
 Jeeemiah l. 35-40. 
 
 Babylon the Great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the Habitation of Devils, 
 and the Hold of every foul Spirit, and a Cage of every unclean and 
 hateful Bird. 
 
 Revelation xviii. 2. 
 
 39 
 
XIY. 
 
 THE STORK AND THE 
 SWALLOW 
 
 Why then is this People of Jerusalem slidden back by a perpetual Back- 
 sliding? They hold fast Deceit, they refuse to return. 
 
 I hearkened and heard, but they spake not aright : No man repented of his 
 wickedness, saying. What have I done ? 
 
 Every one turned to his course, as the Horse rusheth into the Battle. 
 
 Yea, the Stork in the heaven knoweth her appointed times ; and the Turtle 
 
 and the Crane and the Swallow observe the time of their coming ; But 
 
 my People doth not know the Judgement of the Lord. 
 
 Jeremiah viii. 5-7. 
 
 " There the Eagle and the Stork 
 On Cliffs and Cedar tops thir Eyries build : 
 Part loosely wing the Region, part more wise 
 In common, rang'd in figure wedge thir way, 
 Intelligent of seasons, and set forth 
 Thir Aierie Caravan high over Seas 
 Flying, and over Lands with mutual wing 
 Easing thir flight ; so stears the prudent Crane 
 Her annual Voiage, born on Windes ; the Aire 
 Floats, as they pass, fann'd with unnumber'd plumes." 
 
 Paradise Lost, Ed. 1667, bk. vii. 11. 423-432. 
 
 41 
 
 G 
 
xy. 
 
 THE LEOPARD. 
 
 And if thou say in thine heart, Wherefore come these things upon me? 
 For the greatness of thine iniquity are thy skirts discovered, and thy heels 
 made bare. 
 
 Can the Ethiopian change his skin, or the Leopard his spots ? Then may ye 
 
 also do Good, that are accustomed to do Evil. 
 Therefore will I scatter them as the Stubble that passeth away by the Wind 
 
 of the Wilderness. 
 
 This is thy lot, the portion of thy measures from Me, saith the Lord ; because 
 thou hast forgotten Me, and trusted in falsehood. 
 
 Jeeemiah XIII. 22-25. 
 
 43 
 
XYI. 
 
 RABBAH A STABLE FOR 
 
 CAMELS. 
 
 The word of the Lord came unto me, saying, 
 
 Son of man, set thy face against the Ammonites, and prophesy against them ; 
 And say unto the Ammonites, Hear the word of the Loed God ; Thus saith 
 
 the Lord GtOd ; Because thou saidst, Aha, against My Sanctuary, when 
 
 it was profaned ; and against the Land of Israel, when it was desolate ; 
 
 and against the House of Judah, when they went into Captivity ; 
 Behold, therefore I will deliver thee to the men of the East for a Possession, 
 
 and they shall set their Palaces in thee, and make their Dwellings in 
 
 thee : they shall eat thy Fruit, and they shall drink thy Milk. 
 And I will make Kabbah a Stable for Camels, and the Ammonites a Couching 
 
 place for Flocks : and ye shall know that I am the Lord. 
 For thus saith the Lord God ; Because thou hast clapped thine hands, and 
 
 stamped with the feet, and rejoiced in heart with all thy despite against 
 
 the Land of Israel ; 
 
 Behold, therefore I will stretch out Mine hand upon thee, and will deliver 
 thee for a Spoil to the Heathen ; and I will cut thee off from the People, 
 and I will cause thee to perish out of the Countries : I will destroy thee ; 
 and thou shalt know that I am the Lord. 
 
 EZEKIEL XXV. 1-7. 
 
 45 
 
BABBAH A STABLE FOB CAMELS. 
 
 " First Moloch, horrid King besmear'd with blood 
 Of human sacrifice, and parents tears, 
 Though for the noyse of Drums and Timbrels loud 
 Their childrens cries unheard, that past through fire 
 To his grim Idol. Him the Ammonite 
 Worshipt in Babha and her watry Plain, 
 In Argob and in Basan, to the stream 
 Of utmost Arnon. Nor content with such 
 Audacious neighbourhood, the wisest heart 
 Of Solomon he led by fraud to build 
 His Temple right against the Temple of God 
 On that opprobrious Hill, and made his Grove 
 The pleasant Valley of Hinnom, Tophet thence 
 And black Gehenna call'd, the Type of Hell." 
 
 Paradise Lost, Ed. 1667, bk. i. 11. 392-406. 
 
 16 
 
XYII. 
 
 THE FOWLS OF THE AIR. 
 
 
 
 But ask now the Beasts, and they shall teach thee ; And the Fowls of the 
 
 Air, and they shall tell thee : 
 Or speak to the Earth, and it shall teach thee : And the Fishes of the Sea 
 
 shall declare unto thee. 
 
 Behold the Fowls of the Air : For they sow not, neither do they reap, nor 
 gather into barns ; Yet your Heavenly Father feedeth them. Are ye 
 not much better than they ? 
 
 " Curs'd is the ground for thy sake, thou in sorrow 
 Shalt eate thereof all the days of thy Life ; 
 Thornes also and Thistles it shall bring thee forth 
 Unhid, and thou shalt eate th' Herb of th' Field, 
 In the sweat of thy Face shalt thou eate Bread, 
 Till thou return unto the ground, for thou 
 Out of the ground wast taken, know thy Birth, 
 For dust thou art, and shalt to dust retume." 
 
 Job XII. 7, 8. 
 
 Matthew vi. 26. 
 
 Paradise Lost, Ed. 1667, bk. ix. 11. 201-208. 
 
 47 
 
XYIII. 
 
 THE HERD OF SWINE 
 
 And they arrived at the Country of the Gadarenes, which is over against 
 Galilee. 
 
 And when He went forth to land, there met Him out of the City a certain 
 
 man, which had devils long time, and ware no clothes, neither abode in 
 
 any house, but in the Tombs. 
 When he saw Jesus, he cried out, and fell down before Him, and with a loud 
 
 voice said. What have I to do with Thee, Jesus, thou Son of God Most 
 
 High ? I beseech Thee, torment me not. 
 For He had commanded the unclean spirit to come out of the man. For 
 
 oftentimes it had caught him : and he was kept bound with chains 
 
 and in fetters ; and he brake the bands, and was driven of the Devil 
 
 into the Wilderness. 
 And Jesus asked him, saying. What is thy Name? And he said. Legion : 
 
 because many devils were entered into him. 
 And they besought Him that He would not command them to go out into 
 
 the Deep. 
 
 And there was there an Herd of many Swine feeding on the mountain : and 
 
 they besought Him that He would suffer them to enter into them. 
 
 And He suffered them. 
 Then went the devils out of the man, and entered into the Swine : and the 
 
 Herd ran violently down a steep place into the Lake, and were choked. 
 When they that fed them saw what was done, they fled, and went and told 
 
 it in the City and in the Country. 
 
TEE HERD OF SWINE. 
 
 Then they went out to see what was done ; and came to Jesus, and found the 
 man, out of whom the devils were departed, sitting at the feet of J esus, 
 clothed, and in his right mind : and they were afraid. 
 
 They also which saw it told them by what means he that was possessed 
 of the devils was healed. 
 
 Then the whole multitude of the Country of the Gadarenes round about 
 besought Him to depart from them ; for they were taken with great 
 fear : 
 
 And He went up into the ship, and returned back again. 
 
 Now the man out of whom the devils were departed besought Him that 
 
 he might be with Him : but Jesus sent him away, saying. 
 Return to thine own house, and shew how great things God hath done 
 
 unto thee. And he went his way, and published throughout the 
 
 whole City how great things Jesus had done unto him. 
 And it came to pass, that, when Jesus was returned, the people gladly 
 
 received Him : for they were all waiting for Him. 
 
 Luke viii. 26-40. 
 
 And the Swine, though he divide the Hoof, and be cloven-footed, yet he 
 
 cheweth not the Cud ; he is unclean to you. 
 Of their flesh shall ye not eat, and their carcase shall ye not touch ; they 
 
 are unclean to you. 
 
 Leviticus xi. 7, 8. 
 
 I have spread out My hands all the day unto a rebellious People, which 
 
 walketh in a way that was not good, after their own thoughts ; 
 A People that provoketh Me to anger continually to My face ; that 
 
 sacrificeth in Gardens, and burneth incense upon Altars of brick ; 
 Which remain among the Graves, and lodge in the Monuments, which 
 
 eat Swine's flesh, and Broth of Abominable things is in their vessels ; 
 Which say. Stand by thyself, come not near to me ; for I am holier than 
 
 thou. These are a smoke in My nose, a fire that burneth all the day. 
 
 Isaiah lxv. 2-5. 
 
 60 
 
THE HEED OF SWINE. 
 
 " Hereafter learn with awe 
 To dread the Son of God : He, all unarm'd, 
 Shall chase thee with the Terror of his Voice 
 From thy Demoniac holds, Possession foul, 
 Thee and thy Legions ; yelling they shall fly 
 And beg to hide them in a Herd of Swine, 
 Lest He command them down into the Deep, 
 Bound, and to Torment sent before their Time. 
 Hail, Son of the Most High, Heir of both Worlds, 
 Queller of Satan ! " 
 
 Paradise Regained, bk. iv. 11. 625-634. 
 
 61 
 
XIX. 
 
 THE HEN AND CHICKENS. 
 
 0 Jerusalem, Jerusalem, thou that killest the Prophets and stonest them 
 which are sent unto thee, how often would I have gathered thy 
 Children together, even as a Hen gathereth her Chickens under her 
 Wings, and ye would not ! 
 
 Behold, your House is left unto you desolate. 
 
 Matthew xxin. 37, 38. 
 
 " The rest shall hear me call, and oft be warnd 
 Thir sinful state, and to appease betimes 
 Th' incensed Deitie, while oflferd grace 
 Invites ; for I will cleer thir senses dark. 
 What may suffice, and soft'n stonie hearts 
 To pray, repent, and bring obedience due. 
 To prayer, repentance, and obedience due, 
 Though but endeavord with sincere intent, 
 Mine eare shall not be slow, mine eye not shut. 
 And I will place within them as a guide 
 My Umpire Conscience, whom if they will hear, 
 Light after light well us'd they shall attain, 
 And to the end persisting, safe .arrive. 
 This my long sufferance and my day of grace 
 They who neglect and scorn, shall never taste ; 
 But hard be hard'nd, blind be blinded more. 
 That they may stumble on, and deeper fall ; 
 And none but such from mercy I exclude." 
 
 Paradise Lost, Ed. 1667, bk. iii. 11. 185-202. 
 
 53 
 
XX. 
 
 LAZARUS. 
 
 There was a certain Rich man, which was clothed in Purple and fine 
 
 Linen, and fared sumptuously every day : 
 And there was a certain Beggar named Lazarus, which was laid at his 
 
 Gate, full of sores. 
 
 And desiring to be fed with the Crumbs which fell from the Rich man's 
 table : 
 
 Moreover the Dogs came and licked his sores. 
 
 And it came to pass that the Beggar died, and was carried by the Angels 
 
 into Abraham's bosom : 
 The Rich man also died, and was buried ; and in Hell he lift up his 
 
 eyes, being in torments, and seeth Abraham afar off, and Lazarus 
 
 in his bosom. 
 
 And he cried and said. Father Abraham, have mercy on me, and send 
 
 Lazarus, that he may dip the tip of his finger in water, and cool 
 
 my tongue ; for I am tormented in this flame. 
 But Abraham said. Son, Remember that thou in thy lifetime receivedst 
 
 thy good things, and likewise Lazarus evil things : but now he is 
 
 comforted, and thou art tormented. 
 And beside all this, between us and you there is a great Gulf fixed : 
 
 so that they which would pass from hence to you cannot ; neither 
 
 can they pass to us, that would come from thence. 
 
LAZABUS. 
 
 Then he said, I pray thee therefore, Father, that thou wouldest send 
 
 him to my father's house : 
 For I have five brethren; that he may testify unto them, lest they also 
 
 come into this Place of Torment. 
 Abraham saith unto him, They have Moses and the Prophets ; let them 
 
 hear them. 
 
 And he said. Nay, Father Abraham : but if one went unto them from 
 
 the Dead, they will repent. 
 And he said unto him, If they hear not Moses and the Prophets, neither 
 
 will they be persuaded, though one rose from the Dead. 
 
 Luke xvi. 19-31. 
 
 56 
 
I 
 
XXI. 
 
 THE VIPER. 
 
 And when they were escaped, then they knew that the Island was called 
 Melita. 
 
 And the Barbarous people shewed us no little kindness : for they kindled 
 a Fire, and received us every one, because of the present rain, and 
 because of the cold. 
 
 And when Paul had gathered a bundle of sticks, and laid them on the 
 Fire, there came a Viper out of the heat, and fastened on his hand. 
 
 And when the Barbarians saw the Venomous Beast hang on his hand, 
 they said among themselves. No doubt this man is a Murderer, whom, 
 though he hath escaped the Sea, yet Vengeance suffereth not to live. 
 
 And he shook off the Beast into the Fire, and felt no harm. 
 
 Howbeit they looked when he should have swollen, or fallen down dead 
 suddenly : but after they had looked a great while, and saw no harm 
 come to him, they changed their minds, and said that he was a God. 
 
 Acts xxviii. 1-6. 
 
 And these signs shall follow them that believe ; In My name shall they 
 
 cast out devils ; they shall speak with new tongues ; 
 They shall take up Serpents ; and if they drink any deadly thing, it shall 
 
 not hurt them ; they shall lay hands on the sick, and they shall 
 
 recover. 
 
 Maek XVI. 17, 18. 
 
 67 
 
XXII. 
 
 HORSES AND SHIPS. 
 
 Behold, we put Bits in the Horses' mouths, that they may obey us ; and 
 
 we turn about their whole Body. 
 Behold also the Ships, which though they be so great, and are driven of 
 
 fierce winds, yet are they turned about with a very small Helm, 
 
 whithersoever the Governor listeth. 
 Even so the Tongue is a little member, and boasteth great things. 
 Behold, how great a matter a little fire kindleth ! 
 
 James hi. 3-5. 
 
 " On th' other side uprose 
 Belial, in act more graceful and humane ; 
 A fairer person lost not Heav'n ; he seemed 
 For dignity compos' d and high exploit : 
 But all was false and hollow ; though his Tongue 
 Dropt Manna, and could make the worse appear 
 The better reason, to perplex and dash 
 Maturest Counsels : for his thoughts were low ; 
 To vice industrious, but to Nobler deeds 
 Timorous and slothful : yet he pleas'd the eare." 
 
 Paradise Lost, Ed. 1667, bk. ii. U. 108-117. 
 
 59 
 
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