THE OTEICTLf IDMIlif ALMANAC, FOR EDITED AND ILLUSTRATED BY CHAS. FOSTER. NASHVILLE. CAMERON & FALL, PUBLISHERS. V 1845. PREFACE. The alteration that has taken place in the public taste within the last few years, is one of the most striking features of the times. The demand for information upon every subject has superseded and annihilated the '•jump Jim Crow trash"''' with which our coun¬ try used to be overrun. In no branch of science has this been the case so extensively as in that of Agriculture, and it is with pride we send forth the Agriculturist Almanac, fcrr 1845, feeling that our efforts will be appreciated by an intelligent and enquiring community. It has been our study to introduce nothing into our pages but sound information upon the various topics touched upon, and such as will be matter of reference in future time, and as we intend this to be the first of a series which we anticipate to publish, we would advise all who patronize our undertaking not to throw it aside when read—the work will be continued uniform, and in the course of time will make a collection of matter on Agricultural subjects worth more than the original cost. Our engravings and illustrations have been got up regardless of expense, and we flat¬ ter ourselves they are not surpassed by any similar periodical of the day. We feel confidence that our exertions to propagate use¬ ful information among our fellow citizens engaged in agricultural pursuits, will be responded to in the right manner by them, and throw our work on the public resting our claim for patronage sole¬ ly on its merits and usefulness. To prepare Rennets.—When taken from the calf, empty and rinse them in cold water, and fill them with salt; then pack them away in a jar and cover them well with salt. For use put them into an earthen vessel that will hold about two gallons, and fill it with sweet whey. After they have soaked for about twenty-four hours, the liquor isfit for use—always remembering to keep it very salt. As the liquor is used out, it should be replenished with sweet whey. When the liquor becomes so weak as to require three times the quantity used at first, I throw away the old rennets, and re¬ plenish the jar with new ones. As to the quantity to be used, the time which it takes to coagulate the milk, should be the criterion. From fifty minutes to one hour is about the right time. If it coag¬ ulates sooner than that, too much rennet is used, and it will make the cheese strong. If milk is the least changed before it is set for cheese, less scalding is necessary. If scalded too much, the cheese is apt to crack. A. F. BILL. Buckwheat Cakes.—To three pints of buckwheat flour, mixed into a batter, add one tea spoonfull of saloratus, dissolved in warm water, and one tea spoonfull of tartaric acid, dissolved in the same manner; first apply the saleratus, stir the batter well, and then put in the acid. It is ready for baking as soon as made, and the use of yeast entirely superseded. ECLIPSES AND TRANSIT IN THE YEAR 1845. There will be four eclipses this year, two of the Sun and two of the Moon, and a Transit of the Planet Mercury across the disc or face of the Sun. There will be an Eclipse of the Sun on the 6th of May, in the morning, invisible through the greater portion of the United States. There will be a Transit of the planet Mercury across the Sun's southern limb on Thursday the 8th of May, visible throughout America. At Nashville, the beginning of ingress wilT be, Morn¬ ing, lOh. 32m. 35s.; time of nearest approach of centres, Afternoon, lh. 46m. 54s.; end of egress, Afternoon, 5h. lm. 48s.; duration of the Transit, 6h. 29m. 13s.; least distance of centres, 9h. 12m. 7s. The apparent diameter of Mercury, on this occasion, will be to that of the Sun as 1 is to 164. Hence the reader may judge for himself whether or not he will be able to detect the "sister planet in her passage between him and the fountain of light, without the assistance of a Telescope. There will be an eclipse of the Moon, at the time of her full, on the 21st of May, in the Morning, invisible in America. There will be an Eclipse of the Sun at the time of New Moon, on the 30th of October, in the evening, invisible in America.— Visible in Australia and New Zealand. This Eclipse will be cen¬ tral and annular on the meridian in longitude 172° 42' east from Greenwich, and latitude 75° 39' south. •« There will be an Eclipse of the Moon on Thursday, November 13th, in the evening, visible. At Nashville, beginning, 5h. 22m.; middle, 7h. 2m.; end, 8h. 41. Duration of the Eclipse, 3h. 18m.— Magnitude, 11.028 digits on the northern limb. The sight of this Eclipse will be interesting, if the evening prove favorable. Character and Names of the Twelve Signs of the Zodiac. 9P Aries, a Ram. 8 Taurus, a Bull, n Gemini, Twins, 2c Cancer, a Crab, fl Leo, a Lion, T1J/ Virgo, Virgin, =n= Libra, Balance, f Sagittarius, Archer. V5> Capricornus, Goat, COC- Aquarius, a Butler, 1T[ Scorpi, Scorpion, j Pisces, the Fish. CHRONOLOGICAL CYCLES. Dominical Letter, E Golden Number, Lunar Cycle, 3 Epact, (Moon's age Jan. 1st.) 22 Solar Cycle, 6 Roman Indiction, 3 Julian Period. 6558 Vernal Equinox, - Summer Solstice, - - - Autumnal Equinox, - Winter Solstice, - MOVEABLE FEASTS. Easter Sunday, Mar. 23 Rogation Sunday, Apr. 27 Ascension Day, May. 1 Whit-Sunday, (Pent. May. 11 Trinity Sunday, May. 18 Advent Sunday, Nov. 30 March 20th. June 21st. Sept. 23d. Dec. 21st. Venus (?) will be Morning Star until May 16th, then Evening Star until March 2d, 1846. Face anil Head. Arms. Heart. Reins. Thighs. Legs. Neck. Breast. Bowels. Secrets. Knees. Feet, To preserve Meats in Summer.-—As soon as cut up, quickly rub the pieces with a mixture of ten parts ofsaltandone part of saltpetre, and put info a barrel. In the mean time, a brine composed of II lbs. of saltpetre and a half an ounce of pepper, to the gallon of wa¬ ter, should be ready over the fire; and when the meat is packed in the barrel, it must be poured over it boiling hot; this prevents and destroys all fly-blows. In a week, the pieces must be taken out, drained and wiped, the pickle boiled over again, scummed, and again poured boiling hot over the meat when re-packed. Cure for the sting of a Wasp or Bee.—Apply a raw Onion to the part affected, and a cure will be instantaneous. Iff a note to the French Academy, M. Muston mentions a fact which he did not observe directly, but which had been attested to him by different inhabitants of the country, that a Bee, which goes out of its hive, from the commencement to the end of its ex¬ cursion only rests on flowers belonging to the same species, or to species closely allied. PREVENTION OF RUST. Mr. Payen has communicated a plan to the Academy of Sciences, at Paris, by which the oxidation of iron by the atmosphere may be prevented. It consists of plunging the metals in a mixture of one part concentrated solution of impure soda and three parts of water. JANUARY—31 Days, moon's phases. Third Quarter, ld.lOh. 17m. M New Moon, 8d. 2h. 9m. M First Quarter, 15d. 3h. 47m. M Full Moon, 23d. 9h. 16m, M Third Quarter, 30d. 8h. 52m. E d. of vv. Wednesday Thursday. Friday. Saturday. Sunday. Monday. Tuesday. W ednesday Thursday. Friday. Saturday. Sunday. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday Thursday. Friday. Saturday. Sunday. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday Thursday. Friday. Saturday. Sunday. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday Thursday. Friday. Rise Sets Moon 4 44 4 44 ] 4 45 I 4 45 : 4 46 / 4 46; 4 47 l 4 48 4 48 l 4 49! 4 50 ! 4 50: 4 51 4 52 4 531 4 53 4 54: 4 55: 4 56 < 4 57. 4 58; 4 58 i 4 59 4 59 i 4 60 4 60 J 4 60! 5 01 5 02 5 03 5 04 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 . 45 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Morn 1 0 I 6 3 17 4 27 5 32 6 31 Sets. 6 51 8 2 9 11 10 16 U 20 Morn 0 2L 1 21 2 18 3 14 4 6 4 54 5 38 6 18. Rises. 6 34 7 36 8 39 9 43 10 48 11 55 Morn 1 3 FEBRUARY—28 Days. moon's phases. New Moon, 6d, lh. 31m. E First Quarter, 14d. llh. 56m. M Full Moon, 22d. lh. 42m. M d d. of w. Rise Sets Moon. Saturday, Sunday. Monday. Tuesday, Wednesday Thursday. Friday. Saturday. Sunday. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday Thursday* Friday. Saturday. Sunday. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday Thursday. Friday. Saturday. Sunday. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday Thursday. Friday. 5 05 5 06 5 C8 5 09 5 10 5 11 5 13 5 14 5 15 5 16 5 18 5 19 5 20 5 22 5 23 5 24 5 26 5 27 5 29 5 30 5 31 5 33 5 34 5 35 5 37 5 38 5 40 5 41 6 55 6 54 6 52 6 51 6 50 6 49 6 47 6 46 6 45 6 44 6 42 6 41 6 40 6 38 6'37 6 36 6 34 6 33 6 31 6 30 6 29 6 27 6 26 6 25 6 23 6 22 6 20 6 19 2 11 3 16 4 16 5 9 5 55 &*> 47 7 56 9 2 10 5 11 7 Morn. 0 7 1 4 1 58 2 48 3 33 4 14 4 52 5 25 5 57 Rises. 7 33 8 39 9 47 10 55 Morn. 0 2 GARDEN CALENDAR. January.—In this month, preparation should be made for early crops. Forcing beds should be made. Take manure from horse- stables; if fresh, so much the better: take long and short, and mix well together, and throw by in a pile to ferment previous to making. Let the bed be made larger than the frame intended to be put upon it, and raised higher at the back than front, in order that the sash may have a little slope towards the sun; and at the end of four or five days, lay on rich soil about 6 inches deep. In this frame sow seed for early planting. Pruning may be extensively performed at this time, especially among Apples, Pears, Cherries, Peaches, Goose¬ berries, Currants, &c., &c. , D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 .8 29 30 31 7 16 7 16 7 15 7 15 7 14 7 14 7 13 7 12 7 12 7 11 7 10 7 10 7 9 7 8 7 7 7 7 7 6 7 5 7 4 7 3 7 2 7 2 7 1 7 1 7 0 7 0 7 0 6 59 6 58 6 57 6 56 MARCH—31 DAYS. moon's phases. Third Quarter, Id. 5h. 10m. M New Moon, 8d. lh. 32m. M First Quarter, 15d. 8h. 49tn. E Full Moon, 23d. 3h. 1.1m. E Third Q uarter, 30d. 11 h. 56m. E d. of w. Saturday. Sunday. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday Thursday. Friday. Saturday. Sunday. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday Thursday. Friday. Saturday. Sunday. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday Thursday. Friday. ' Saturday. Sunday. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday Thursday. Friday. Saturday. Sunday. Monday. February.—Where early vegetables are wanted, the hot-bed will be resorted to. Peas may be planted this month, as may Lettuce. Continue pruning and planting fruit trees, when the weather will permit. For the general kitchen garden, little beyond preparation and manuring can be done at present. March.—In this month, early Beets may be sown, also Carrots, Parsnips, Turnips, and Cabbages, low Radishes, and Lettuce; eve¬ ry two weeks, also, Peas for succession of crops. Cresses and Mus¬ tard, for small sallad, may now be sown at intervals. Early Peas now showing themselves, may sometimes require protection. Sal¬ sify or Oyster Plants may be sown the middle of this month. April is a busy month. If not already done, make hot-beds for D 1 2. 3 4 5 € 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 29 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 R i 6 17. 6 16 6 15, 6 13, 6 12 6 10, 6 091 6 07. 6 06, 6 05, 6 03, 6 02, 6 00 i 5 £9 i 5 57 i 5 56 i 5 54 i 5 53 5 52 5 50 5 48 5 47 5 46 5 44 5 43 5 41 5 40 5 39 5 37 5 36 5 34 Sets 5 43 5 44 5 45 5 47 5 48 5 50 5 51 5 53 5 54 5 55 5 57 5 58 6 00 6 01 6 03 6 4 6 6 6 7 6 8 6 10 6 12 6 13 6 14 6 16 6 17 6 19 6 20 6 21 6 23 6 2 4 6 26 Moon. 1 7 2 8 3 2 3 49 4 30 5 6 5 39 Sets. 7 47 8 51 9 52 10 51 11 47 Morn. 0 39 1 26 2 9 2 48 3 23 3 55 4 25 4 55 Rises. 7 33 8 43 9 $6 II 0 Morn. 0 2 0 58 1 47 APRIL—30 Days. MOONS'S PHASES. New Moon, 6d. 2h.36m. E First Quarter, 14d. 4h. 19m. E Full Moon, 22d. 2h. 8m. M Third Quart., 28d. 6h. 16m. E D,f 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 < ,D, of W. Tuesday. Wednesday Thursday. Friday. Saturday. Sunday. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday Thursday. Friday. Saturday. Sunday. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday Thursday. Friday. Saturday^ Sunday. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday Thursday. Friday. Saturday. Sunday. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday Riso 5 33 5 31 5 710 5 29 5 27 5 26 5 24 5 23 5 22 5 20 5 19 5 18 5 16 5 15 5 13 5 12 5 11 5 9 5 8 5 7 5 5 5 4 5 3 5 1 5 0 4 59 4 58 4 56 4 55 4 54 Sets 6 27 6 29 6 30 6 31 6 33 6 34 6 36 6 37 6 38 6 40 6 41 6 42 6 44 6 45 6 47 6 48 6 49 6 51 6 52 6 53 6 55 6 56 6 57 7 59 7 60 7 01 7 02 7 04 7 05 7 06 Moon. 2 29 3 6 3 39 4 10 4 40 Sets. 7 38 8 38 9 36 10 29 11 19 Morn. 0 3 0 43 1 19 1 52 2 23 2 53 3 23 3 53 4 27 Rises. 8 45 9 52 '10 52 11 44 : Morn. 0 29 1 1- 07 ; 1 42 MAY—3L Days, moon's phases. JUNE—30 Days, moon's phases. New Moon, 6d. 4h. 54m. M New Moon, 4d. 8h. 4m. E First Quarter, 14d. 9h. 5m. M First Quarter, 12d. lOh. 39m. E Full Moon, 21d. 10h.56m. M Full Moot), 19d. 6h. 14m. E Third Quarter, 28d. lh.21m. M Third Quart., 26d. lOh. 23m. M forcing Cucumbers, Melons, Cauliflowers, &c. If you have any strong plants of February or March sowing, plant them out, taking up the plants from the nursery bed with a small ball of earth to the root of each plant—give plenty of water. Set out Cabbage plants, and sow a general assortment of Cabbage seeds, for main crop.— Continue to sow Peas, Luttuces, Radishes, Spinach, &c., for suc¬ cession. Plant Irish Potatoes. Celery may be transplanted from the nursery. Beets, Onions, Leeks, Tomatoes, Peppers, &c., Kid¬ ney Beans, Squashes, early Corn, should all be planted this month. Propagate Rhubard, by separating the large roots. • May.—Plants set out last month, will require attention. Keep down weeds, or the plants will become too much drawn by shade. D. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 D. Of W. Thursday. Friday. Saturday. Sunday. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday Thursday. Friday. Saturday. Sunday. t Monday, i Tuesday. ; Wednesday > Thursday, i Friday. ■ ' Saturday. > Sunday. I Monday. I Tuesday. Wednesday t Thursday. 1 Friday. 1 Saturday. > Sunday. 5 Monday. 1 Tuesday. 1 Wednesday ) Thursday. ) Friday. . Saturday. Rise 4 53 4 51 4 50 4 49 4 48 4 47 4 46 4 44 4 43 4 42 4 41 4 40 4 39 4 38 4 37 4 36 4 35 4 34 4 33 4 32 4 31 4 30 4 30 4 29 4 28 4 27 4 26 4 26 4 25 4 24 4 42 !Sets 7 07 7 09 7 10 7 11 7 12 7 13 7 14 7 16 r 17 7 18 7 19 7 20 7 21 7 22 7 23 7 24 7 25 7 26 7 27 : 7 28 7 29 >7 30 7 30 1 7 31 : 7 32 7 33 ! 7 34 7 34 7 35 7 36 : 7 36 Moon. 2 13 2 43 3 12 3 43 4 16 Sets. 8 21 9 13 9 59 10 41 11 18 11 52 Morn. 0 22 0 52 : I 20 >1 50 12 21 '2 57 13 37 I Rises. !8 37 19 35 10 25 111 07 111 43 t Morn. 10 16 10 46 i 1 16 II 46 D. 1 : 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 D. Of W. Sunday. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday Thursday. Friday. • Saturday,, Sunday. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday Thursday. Friday. Saturday. Sunday. > Monday. Tuesday. '< Wednesday 1 Thursday. • Friday. Saturday. 1 Sunday. I Monday. . Tuesday. ' Wednesday i Thursday. ' Friday. > Saturday. • Sunday. • Monday. Ri s 4 23 4 22 4 22 4 21 4 21 4 20 4 20 4 19 4 19 4 19 4 18 4 18 4 18 4 L7 4 17 4 17 4 17 4 17 4 17 4 17 4 17 4 17 4 17 4 17 4 17 4 17 4 17 4 18 4 18 4 18 Sets 7"37 7 38 7 38 7 3S 7 39 7 40 7*~4C 7 41 7 41 7 41 7 42 7 42 7 42 7 4c 7 4c 7 4c 7 4c 7 4c 7 4c 7 4c 7 4i: 7 4c 7 4c 7 4c 7 4c 7 4c 7 4c 7 42 7 42 7 42 Moon. 2 18 2 52 3 30 Sets. 7 56 8 -39 9 21 9 53 10 24 10 54 11 22 11 50 ; Morn. 0 20 0 52 1 29 2 12 3 3 Rises. 8 13 9 0 9 41 10 16 10 48 11 19 11 49 : Morn ; 0 21 :0 54 : 1 31 JULY—31 Days. II AUGUST—31 DAYS. Watermelons, if not sown last month, should be now attended to. Onions will now require great care. Continue to plant out Cab¬ bages, Tomatoes, Peppers, &c. June.—Melons and Cucumbers, in open ground, should be kept clear of weeds—indeed, the principal work now consists in hoeing and cleaning every part of the vegetable garden. Plough and hoe up potatoes. Continue still to plant out Cabbages, Tomatoes, Pep¬ per, &e. Celery plants may now be put in trenches, and protected from tha midday sun. July—Melons and Cucumbers require to be kept very'clean, the spaces between the hills should be hoed. The first week of this month is the time to sow melon seed for Mangoes—plant out Ca*t>- moon's phases. moon's phases. New Moon, 4d. llh. 26m. M First Quarter, 12d. 9h. 18na«. M Full Moon. 19d. fh. Oiu. M Third Quart, 25d."10h. 16m. E New Moon, 3d. 2h. 21m. W First Quarter, lOd. 5h. 37m. I Full Moon, 17d. 8h. 13m. IVi Third Quart. 24d. lh. 23m. IV D. 1 2 ' 3 4 5 •6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 D. of W. TiydSUay. , Wednesdaj Thursday. Friday. Saturday. Sunday. Morfday.'"-" Tuesday. Wednesdaj Thursday. Friday. Saturday. ^ Sunday. Monday.. Tuesday. Wednesdaj Thursday. Friday. Saturday. Sunday. Monday. Tuesdiy. Wednesdaj Thursday. Friday. Saturday. Sunday. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesdaj Thursday. Rise 4 18 4 19 4 19 4 19 4 20 4 20 rax 4 21 4 22 4 22 4 23 4 24 4 24 4 25 4 26 4 26 4 27 4 28 4 29 4 30 4 30 4 31 4 32 4 33 4 34 4 35 4 36 4 37 4 38 4 39 4 40 Sets 7 42 7 41 7 41 7 41 7 40 7 40 1^39 7 39 7 38 7 38 7 37 7 36 7 36 7 35 7 34 7 34 7 33 7 32 7 31 7 30 7 30 7 29 7 28 7 27 7 26 7 25 7 24 7 23 7 22 7 21 7 20 Moon. 12 11 2 56 3 45 Sets. 17 55 18 29 1.8 58 >9 -26 19 54 1 10 22 ' 10 52 111 26 I' Morn. "0 5 i 0 50. U 46 12 46 13 56 Rises. 18 12 18 47 19 19 19 50 ' 10 22 110 56 .11 31 i Morn. 10 11 10 54 1 42 12 33 D. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 13 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 ^ D. of W. Fridaj'. : Saturday. 1 Sunday. : Monday, i Tucsdaj7. I Wednesday ' Thursday. I Friday, i Saturday. I Sunday. Monc^ay. : T uesday. ■ Wednesday : Thursday, i Friday. I Saturday. Sunday, i Monday. 1 Tuesday, i Wednesday Thursday. 1 Friday. I Saturday. Sunday. > Monday. I Tuesday. ' Wednesday ! Thursday, i Friday. 1 Saturday. Sunday. Rise 4 41 4 42 4 43 4 44 4 46 4 47 4 48 4 49 4 50 4 51 4 53 4 54 4 55 4 56 4-57 4 59 5 00 5 01 5 03 5 04 5 05 5 06 5 08 5 09 5 10 5 12 5 13 5 14 5 J 6 5 17 5 18 s Sets 7 19 17 18 17 17 17 16 i 7 14 •7 13 17 12 17 11 17 10 7 9 17 7 17 6 • 7 5 i 7 4 '7 3 17 1 ) 7 0 6 59 16 57 I 6 56 > 6 55 >6 54 ! 6" 52 > 6 51 ) 6 50 >6 48 (6 47 16 46 >6 44 '6 43 i 6 42 Moon. 3 27 4 23 Sets. 7 30 7 59 8 27 8 57 9 29 10 4 10 46 11 34 Morn. 0 31 1 35 2 45 3 59 Rises. 7 16 7 48 8 21 8 55 9 30 10 9 10 51 11 37 Morn. 0 27 1 HO 2 16 3 13 4 12 SEPTEMBER—30 Days. moon's phases. New Moon, Id, 4h. 31m. E First Quarter, 9d. Oh. 20m. M Full Moon, 15d. 5h. 9m. E Third Quart., 23d. 7h. 22m. M OCTOBER—31 Days, moon's phases. New Moon, Id. 5h. 55m. M First Quarter, 8d. 6h.27m. M Full Moon, 15d. 4h. 52m. M , TJrfrd 23d. 3h. 10m. M . ■ New Moon. 30d. 6h. 38m. E d. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Rise y 6 0°: 6 0' 6 Ot 6 Oi 6 0! 6 0! 6 1 y (h l1 6 i; 6 l. 6 li 6 1! 6 1! 6 2< y 6 2i 6 2: 6 2i 6 21 6 2' 6 21 6 3( y 6 35 6 31 6 3< 6 3( 6 3: 6 31 6 4( y 6 41 ' 6 4S fi At I), of w. Wednesda Thursday. Friday. Saturday. Sunday. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesda Thursday. Friday. Saturday. SuNDAjW. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesda Thursday. Friday. Saturday. Sunday. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesda Thursday. Friday. Saturday. Sunday. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesda Thursday. Friday. bagc, Broccoli, and also a full crop of Celery for winter rise, tak¬ ing'advantage if possible of a wet time. Shade the plants in the hot part of the day. Turnips may be sown from the middle of this month till the middle of August; at the latter end of this month sow a large crop of Spinach, also Lettuce and Radishes for fall and winter use, Collect all the vegetable seeds that have come to ma¬ turity and dry well before putting away. August.—Finish planting Cabbage for winter use. Small Sal- lad may still be grown every week. Continue to keep every thing clear of weeds, and to earth up Celery. September—Lettuces sown the latter end of July may now be planted out for winter use, hoe and thin out the Turnip crop this d. ] < i j 1 . < 1< i: li i: b L ii r 1! 1! 2< 2: 25 2: 2* 2; . 2( 25 21 ' 21 3C D. Ot W. 1 Monday, 2 Tuesday. 3 Wednesda} 4 Thursday. 5 Friday. 6 Saturday. 7 Sunday. 8 Monday. 9 Tuesday, 0 Wedncsdaj 1 Thursday. 2 Friday. 3 Saturday. 4 Sunday. 5 Monday. 6 Tuesday. 7 Wednesdaj 8 Thursday. 9 Friday. 10 Saturday. 11 Sunday. 12 Monday. :3 Tuesday. 4 Wednesdaj 5 Thursday. 6 Friday. 7 Saturday, 8 Sunday. 9 Monday, 0 Tuesday. Risi 5 2' 5. 2 .y| 5 2 5 2 P 2 5 2 5 3 iy 5 3 . 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 4 iy 5 4 . 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 5 iy 5 5' . 5 5. 5 5. 5 8 5 61 5 91 6 11 3 Set: j 6 4 1 6 3 3 6 3 16 3 5 6 3 76 3 86 3 96 3 1 6 £ 2 6^ 46 2 56% 66 2 86 2 96 2 1 6 1 26 1 46 1 56 1 66 1 86 1 96 1 1 6 26 46 56 96 ■ 56 ! 5 6 5 5 51 s Moon 0 5 1] 9 Sets. 7 7 1 6 7 3 -: 15 8 ' 13 8 45 !2 9 35 11 10 21 :9 11 2' 18 Morn. 16 0 21 15 1 4( 42, 5' 12 4 : !l Risei 9 6 li 8 6 51 0 7 2: 58 > 4 8 4( 2 9 3i 1 10 2( 9 11 IS 8 Morn 60 5 5 1 ■ 42 1 23 C 1 4 C 95 2 le Sets )2 :? 51 )4 5 5t )5 5 5£ )6 5 51 18 5 5S 19 5 51 11 5 41 12 ^41 13 5 45 15 5 4£ 16 5 4Z 18 5 45 19 5 41 20 5 4( >2 5 3i >3 5 35 >5 5 3£ >6 5 34 17 5 32 >9 5 31 50 5 3C 12 5 28 (3 5 27 (4 5 26 (6 5 24 (7 5 23 (8 5 22 10 5 20 11 5 19 :2 5 18 4 5 16 : Moor l.Sets. j 6- 56 4 47 3 2 8 2 1 9 1 110 2 12P 3i 1 Morn 5 0 3 41 4 2 2 5' 1 4 0. 15 11 1 Rises r 6 1 5 (i 41 17 2 (8 11 19 : ) 9 5' 510 5; ; 11 41 i Morn 10 45 > 1 4t 12 41 13 41 14 51 I Sets. 1 <5 55 JVEMBER—30 Days. moon's piiases. First Quarter, 6d. lh. llm. E Full Moon, 13d. 7h, 51m. E Third Quart., 2kLllh. 22m. E New Moon, 29d. 6h. 37m. M DECEMBER—31 Days. moon's phases. First Quartor, 5d. 9h. 48m. E Full Moon, 13d. lh. 39m. E Third Quart. 2Id. 6h. 23tn. E New Moon, 28d. 5h. 49m. E month. About the middle of this month, sow Cabbage seed to re¬ main in the bed all winter, also Cauliflower and Broccoli to furnish spring plants—gather seed as it ripens, and dry well before putting away. October.—Keep Spinach clean, thinning out the plants to four or five inches apart; Lettuce for early spring use may be treated in the same way. In the latter part of this month, cut down Aspara¬ gus tops, and cover the bed with well rotted stable manure. November and December.—Tn these months little can be done. Some seeds may yet be gathered, and preparations made, as occa¬ sion suits, for another season, by cleaning up, hauling manure, &c. D. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2(1 21 22 23 24 2£ 2C 27 28 2£ 3C D. Of W. Saturday. Sunday. Monday. T uesday. Wednesday Thursday. Friday. Saturday? Sunday. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday Thursday. Friday. Saturday. Sunday. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday Thursday. Friday. Saturday. Sunday. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday Thursday. Friday. Saturday. Sunday. Rise 6 45 6 46 6 47 6 49 6 50 6 51 6 52 6- S3 6 55 6 56 6 57 6 58 6 59 7 00 7 01 7 03 7 04 7 05 7 06 7 07 7 08 7 09 7 10 7 10 7 11 ' 7 12 7 13 7 14 7 14 7 15 Sets 5 15 5 14 5 13 5 If 5 10 5 9 5 8 5 7 5 5 5 4 5 3 5 2 5 1 5 0 4 59 4 57 4 56 4 55 4 54 4 53 4 52 4 51 4 50 4 50 4 49 4 48 4 47 4 46 4 46 4 45 | Moon. 16 15 7 ' 12 8 15 9 22 10 31 11 40 Morn. 0 51 1 55 3 1 4 5 5 9 Rises. 5 17 6 4 6 54 7 47 8 42 9 38 10 35 11 32 Morn. 0 31 1 31 2 34 3 38 4 46 5 54 Sets. 5 59 D. 1 o 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 D. Of W. [ Monday. I Tuesday. 3 Wednesdat 1 Thursday." 3 Friday. 3 Saturday. J Sunday. 3 Monday. 3 Tuesday. ) Wednesday I Thursday. I Friday. 3 Saturday. 1 Sunday. 5 Monday. 3 Tuesday. 7 Wednesday 3 Thursday. 3 Friday. ) Saturday. 1 Sunday. 2 Monday. 3 Tuesday. 1 Wednesday 5 Thursday. 3 Friday. 7 Saturday. 8 Sunday. 9 Monday. 0 Tuesday. 1 W ia fin <^<1/1 Rise 7 16 •7 17 7 17 7 18 7 19 7 19 7 20 i 20 7 21 7 21 7 21 7 22 7 22 7 22 7 23 7 23 7 23 7 23 7 23 7 23 7 23 7 23 7 23 7 23 7 23 7 23 7 23 7 22 7 22 7 22 7 22 Sets. 4 44 4 43 4 43 4 42 4 41 4 41 4 40 4 40 4 39 4 39 4 39 4 38 4 38 4 3b 4 37 4 37 4 37 4 37 4 37 4 37 4 37 4 37 4 37 4 37 4 37 4 37 4 37 4 38 4 38 4 38 4 38 Moon. 7 7 8 18 9 30 10 40 11 45 Morn. 0 53 1 58 3 1 4 2 5 2 5 58 Rises. 5 39 6 33 7 29 8 28 9 22 10 20 11 18 Morn. 0 (8 1 20 2 24 3 30 4 37 5 43 Sets. 5 54 7 9 8 22 THE POULTRY YARD Is one of the greatest luxuries of farms, though various opin¬ ions have been given as to its relative profits. Our own is in fa¬ vor of an extensive one on every farm or plantation, especially if located at any distance from a regular market. We have experi¬ enced the convenience of a resource of this kind, in a retreat where nothing else perhaps was come-at-able, upon a squab and some fresh eggs, a broiled chicken, or one roasted or boiled, is not a bad accompaniment to a ham or a first-rate piece of midling. There is a feeling of independence resulting from a well stocked poultry yard, which those only can enjoy who own it, though, generally speaking, nothing is so much neglected. Poultry, to be made profitable, require some attention as well as other animals; and one of the things most important is, to change every year the male birds. This will be found most effective, and will be apparent in the constitution of the young broods: and to this, may be traced all the other requisites that are desirable to be obtained. Some per¬ sons have an antipathy to geese, and it has been said that three geese will eat as much grass as one sheep. Even was this the case, we should not be disposed to be without them—their real value is not duly appreciated. The New Farmers'Journal says; "It has been long remarked, that cattle of all kinds are never unhealthy where geese are kept in any quantity; and the reason assigned is simply this—that geese consume with complete impunity certain noxious weeds and grasses, which taint more or less, according to their abundance, the finest paddocks depastured by horses, bul¬ locks, and sheep. Most farmers are aware of this, and in many places where the beeves appear sickly, the geese are let into the pastures, and the soil where they tread is converted, for the time being, into a sort of infirmary." Dr. Kirtland, in a communication to the Western Farmer and Gardener, mentions the fact of a Mr. John Avery killing a goose which when dressed weighed 21 lbs. 10 oz. It was of the Bremen stock. He then remarks, that if proper attention was given to the subject, our common 8 pounders would soon be banished as j useless dwarfs. The long barrel Dutch quills are furnished by tl goose; the feathers, in both male and female, are pure w"hite.* Amongst gallinaceous fowls of the hen tribe, the Dorlung is tne largest. The shape is handsome, body short, with live claws on each foot; and the large—but as layers none suipass the Polands. They are genferajly black, with either black or white top-knots. The writer of this had one that layed 73 eggs, one each day, without interruption, through that time. They are not much disposed to set. Tka^tafrkey is another delicacy of the poultry yar-d deserving our notice, and are so well understood as to require rto.other observa¬ tion from us. Ducks, Guinea hens, &c., all form a jfariety worthy attention. Indeed, the whole of this tribe of ani/hals, in consid¬ erable quantities, ought to be on every farm. *A pair qf these Geese can be seen at the resi4ence of one of the* Publishers lrrthis City. IMPROVED BREEDS OF ANIMALS. This is one of the most important of Agricultural subjects, buf comparatively little understood. In most cases, the editors of Ag¬ ricultural papers, in their zeal, have not been sufficiently explicit, and have consequently misled those farmers who were disposed for improvements; the effects of which has been, u retrograde, rather than an onward step. Improved breeds of domestic animals, are not all suited to the same climate and the same uses; and one of the most important things is a judicious selection, depending on the wants and intentions of the person making that improvement. One person, a writer in the Agricultural papers, describing the great things he does, informs us that he turns his hogs in the woods, and that out of 93, heonly killed 20. In this instance, we should come to the conclusion that the more common the stock, the less the loss; and that a common hog suited him better than a Berk¬ shire, a Neapolitan, or a China. All persons are not, however, thus negligent. Another writer, in the Southern Planter, says he prefers a hog with a large ear and long legs, "and gives as a reason, their extraordinary quick percep- ^ahd the facility with which the length ^jfible them to gallop in search of it, with- otheir respirative organs. His complaint j#, that they have too much flesh, are too short I ^^^^^Bsequently too idle* This by no means proves, I ^^■^rkshircs are not adapted to other situations and « BWT In some parts of tiie United States, considerable ^^^^^^Jnts have been made in cultivation, the land is principal- ty^PB^Pl, and large ranges have become scarce; and where this is'the case, the Berkshire, and even a cross of the Berkshire and ©nina, (known East as theTuscarawa,) have been found profitable. In some portidhs of Ohio, the Irish Grazier is esteemed and the Neapolitan is becoming fashionable. Well, let us see what all this tends to, anfi endeavor to discover which is the hog we want. Are we living North, and raising hogs for market? and is size an object? then we will take a hog known in Ohio ag the Miami county hog—we should not object to a dash of either feerkshi-rer or Irish Grazier blobfl passing through his veins. If we are living farther South, and feeding for our own consumption, we would as soon have a thoroughbred Berkshire or Neapolitan as any; or if we thought there was more lean meat on thifs hog than we liked, we would take one croskmf the China, for the purpose of getting more fat. The Neapolitan is1 a good hog, fyut takes more time to mature. We give here the portrait of a sow sired by a China boar, out of a Lancashire sow. The hog at the head of our notice is an Irish Grazier. The foregoing observations are of double force when applied to Sheep. With two many of our farmers, a sheep is a sheep, and that is all they know or care about it. This is a subject upon which a volume might be written, and one great difficulty will be to re¬ duce our observations to a focus, adapted to our space. The com¬ mon sheep of the country, are a heterogeneous admixture of every breed, raised without care or attention, bred in & in for such a length of time that the only wonder is, their general excellence. We want nothing more conclusive, to prove that this is emphatically a.sheep- raising country; and in recommending attention and improvement, •JL. r .^lsito that the person addii^ rdnt of knowledge of the meehunieaiL^ ^f^ool passes, ere its final use in the sJTiapo«L t Flannels, Mouslin de Laines, Worsteds, &c. \ri purposd, will be totally inapplicable to another. We cannot better illustrate this, than by noting the contents of a letter we received, a short time since, from a correspondent, who states, iljat, for the purpose of improving his wool, he purchased one of Mr. Cockriirs Sfc. result was, that his wool becS^. Xtjuse it, and it became all knots intSS from too rough handling, if felted-—the- ffPu to Her particular use, though, if sold to' a manufacturer, would probably 'have brought double the price of that he formerly raised. It is necessary for farmers to know that wc have at least three distinct classes into which this staple is di¬ vided, and that it i#important they make themselves thoroughly pith their respective sepjji^ 6 particular breeds of sheeV1 t should divide tliem somethiN^^ f6- at a dmtance from a market, ,ti 1 "wool and for sale, the Saron Merino i**'m p, where the jsVft"! is Minted for home iiW™ .arising of Je^ns, fine Flannel, &o., we should1**-""" ^"South Dowih ^specially if v itliiri f reasonable distanV*J ket for mlllton—the Mouth Down bekuf^in fact, us respV , ' whpfrtfte Berkshire is in the hog Iribe; tor i itarseiFJannclsv mi y- 'Wfbad work, the long wool of the Lei-ei-sli r"t'w«Bakew ell, is tP « most appropriate; with this last animal we have a yrcass compar¬ atively the Durham of its kind. It is, however,/o be borne in mind, that if their particular breeds are to be kriit in perfection, their habits must be attended to. The Leicester is 4 lowland sheep, compared with the Mouth Down, the latter b 'ing cftie of the har¬ diest^ njr to Youatt, capable of bearing a greater amount "W privation, than any |>f its kind. | We shall concludePny a few remarks on Jfattle. The fever for the possession of Dijfhams raged high a t'Jw years ago in Missis¬ sippi, |tnd resulted n^ftirally in great lo^s to those who entered into it. Cattle ^nade ftit in the BinM(tass pastures of Kentucky and taken to Mississippi, w here a blade of grass was not to be found, with the perhaps NsolitifK^xceptieijfr of Mr. Thos. HaWs garden. What would any rCasonalndN^jWij*'expect? To make up the de¬ ficiency th ey were stall fcd or nearly .so*on meal. The change of diet, its heating nature, necessarily caused fever and ultimately death. The Mississippians in their Spanish cattle have as fine a breed as any people need desire, and if they hadspgntone quarter in improving their native stock that they have in endeavoring to make a doubtful improvement, they would have been owpsiderable gainers. Again: not but thatDurhams in their proper p] pee are one of the finest of the ox tribe. .Some of our eastern wiiterti^are praising the Devon and the Ayrshire®—each will be a great im¬ provement on the scrub stock of the country when properly intro¬ duced—but it is requisite that persons shriuld be rightly prepan)d for such animals to make them profitable, and above all, that a , clear understanding should be had of the uses and proper applicas» tion of the proceeds of such stock; without thi&tlrw-fuxmer's ideas will not be realized—disappointment Will be the consequence ^.ud improved stock generally corne into disrepute. WOOL WASHING. Charles Foster, Esq.— Dear Sir:—Permit metq answer the inquiry of your com spon- •dent, Mr. James Young, of Bagdad, Smith Co., Tennessi e, as to the best means of preparing "the Saxony Wool for raiding.11 All fine wools have what the manufacturers term yolk, a kind of soapy matter, in greater or less quantities, and if the wool be ta¬ ken immediately after shearing, it can easily Jbe washed in luke- addition of soap, and is better, that 7^ JRas become decomposed by time, and any alkali. pver, that Mr. YouifG?Bk« most of our farmers, ^^*leep, has laid by his fleece until this decompo- has taken places-he must then, in the first place, ^^^^^^KisWool, and reiaoxe bvery bur; throw it into luke-warm ^^^^OTpsuds, and let it remain five or s:x hours, or^until the Polk begins to s&fteff, wash lightl--, being careful not to rub the, wool so as to moke it felt, but sufficiently to cleanse it well, and then rinse in clear soft water until all the soap is removed. In taking thef wool from the last wa ter, press out all the water you can between the hmds, without wringing, and lay it on a glean place to dry, fuming it often that it may dry regularly, and at oach turning pull open the locks, and when thorougbly.drv^e^rajje it * with the fingera^ficing careful not to leave a ^'ngT^tag^lucK^'P" , lump. ^ The grease must nV be put on, until vou fcire prepared , the wool, when you mstjt mtlt clean lard, anfl grease^tttfP^^ooi^at the rate of one pound of 4^1(1 for eight of wool, ajifl mix both so thoroughly as to give, if possible, each partflble of &oo] its just pro¬ portion of grease. While carding, keep (jam wool warm enough to prevent the lard from getting hard; All wool designed//©r"5axding_ in families, or on country ma¬ chines, should be prepared in this way, and if this method be strictly observed, with fine wool, it is the carder's fault if any "small lumps^-or knots," are found in it. The card's with which our machines for common country work are clothed, are generally too coarse to do justice to fine Saxony Mprino, or even the half bred wool of these varieties, much less can the desired result be attained with the hand-card made of coarse wire. No. 10 hand cards, are the coarsest that should be used on fipe wool, and a machine to do its work proper-Iy, with Saxony half bred wool, must have its main cylinder covered with cards of No. 20 wire, and its doffer with cards of No. 22 wire. Wifh-gfood preparation,, and fine cards in good order, and careful handling, Mr. Young can always have clear roles, and after weav¬ ing a garment made of Saxony wool. I venture to say he will not regret the labor it may cost him, or his better half, nor ever again reject one of Mr. Cockrill's Saxon Bucks, "to get back to a wool of coarser quality?>' You should thank such gentlemen as Mr. Young for his instruc¬ tive letter; it is precisely such correspondents that give interest and value to all agricultural papers, and I'hope to see more of your patrons using their pens in giving accounts of their-pxperimen^s. . If any thing I have said can be of the least service to Mr. Young or his neighbors, or tend in the smallest degree to remove the objec¬ tions to the growth of fine wool in our State, it will be gratifying to an admirer of the SAXONY. Davidson Co., July, 1844. CORN-ST \LKii! It ought to be a ruling principle to purchase nothing that ihcy can gro spirit of independence engendered in the 'J"11"' T bled to supply our own wants. The exporiiitf?.At _|r, ^ and are Still being made upon the subject of coii^cl too important to be passu d over without notice. Acco bestinfnhnation that we have on this subject, sugar to J c-uu. t