& PRESS NOTICES! " 'WHO'S WHO IN PHILADELPHIA,'by Charles Fred. White, is a collection of thirty biographical sketches of the most noted colored men and women of this city, with portraits and other illustrations showing the ad¬ vancement of colored people in various directions. These sketches deal with Bankers, Physicians, Editors, Teachers, Clergymen, ahd others, who have, by their efforts, raised themselves to distinction. Those cynical persons who believe there is no capability in the Negro race, who think that nothing can raise them to the high moral and intellectual standards are invited to peruse this modest volume, which does not err on the side of overstatement. Ic s remarkable what has been accomplished by the Negroes, considering the difficulties under which they have labored."—Philadelphia Inquirer.| "'WHO'S WHO IN PHILADELPHIA,' by Charles Fred. White '12. L., A good many of those mentioned in the book are descended from the 'old families' of this city, but some were born in the South and have hewn out their way by hard work and intelligence There are several Bishops, and the women figure conspicious'y among those who have achieved much. It certainly is an inspiring book, one which ought to raise up many friends to the race and to encourage all who bel'eve in equal opportunity before the law to see that those who toil so hard should get the just rewards of their justly directed industry."—Old Penn Weekly Review of the Universi¬ ty of Pennsylvania "We recognize that our people need to be inspired, stimulated to do for themselves those things which they have always expected the white people to dD for then; ('WHO'S \AMO IN PHILADELPHIA') is a book which will do this; which contains numerous articles of most valuable informa¬ tion of and for colored people of Philadelphia and the country in general. A book which includes biographical sketches and photographs of thirty prominent men and women of the useful class of this city, besides references and information concerning more than one hundred others. There are also printed in its 207 pages cuts and information of most of our principal churches, business buildings and institutions, a total of sixty-nine cuts—-and all pronounce it a valuable compilation, beautifully executed and filling a erlarine pronounce it a vaiuaDie compilation, Deautitully executed ana tilling a glaring need."—Philadelphia Courant. ' 'A handsomely bound volume—just the thing we should have of our citizens of Columbus; it would be an incentive to. those who are inc 'ned to be somebody of note, and to tell the outside friends that don't know that we have real somebodies here, and who those somebodies are and what they are dDing."— Colored Appeal, Columbus, Ohio. "In an attractive volume entitled, 'WHO'S WHO IN PHIL¬ ADELPHIA,' Charles Fred. White has given us some very interesting reading concerning the foremost people of his race in the Quaker City. The volume contains thirty brief biographies of colored men and women, most of which are accompanied by page or half page portraits. There are also cuts of many of the leading institutions and places of business belonging to the race in Philadelphia.'' "We quote the Foreward and Afterword because they contain food for thought for people of all races. The following is an abridgment of one of tne biographies Extracts from others will be given from time to time in the Intelligencer."—Friends Intelligencer, Philadelphia. "It is the work of Charles Fred. White, author of 'Plea of the Negro Soldier and hundreds of other Poems.' The writer presents a careful study of biographical sketches of various persons of high rank in social, industrial and political life in the City of Brotherly Love Mr. White has been careful not to destroy the patience of the reader with lengthy biographies, but on the other hand he analyzes the activities and reviews the life and career of his subjects masterly. The conception of 'WHO'S WHO IN PHILADELPHIA' is an eminently fitting production from one who knows and has written what he knows. Book lovers should know the subjects of Mr. White's book, and in reading them they will discover a literary genius in Charles Fred. White."—Amsterdam News, New York, N. Y. PRICE $2.00 CHARLES FRED. WHITE Philadelphia, Pa. EMORY UNIVERSITY j ' r^> T <^> ^ 1 tz C vy (A i J o w /-J trrrt Jlhtlaftrlphia Copyright 1912, By Charles Fred. White (Contents. Page Introduction . 7 Argument . . . 9 Whin I am Dead (Poem) C. F. White 15 BIOGRAPHIES. Illustration Sketch Anderson, Dr. Caroline V 17 18 Black, Henry S 20 Blackwell, Mrs. Annie W 21 21 Blackwell, Bishop George L, 23 24 Boyer, Dr. Arthur T 26 26 Brooks, Charles H 28 29 Butler, John Thomas 31 31 Caldwell, Abel P 33 34 Clark, Prof. Alexander 36 37 Coffey, Rev. William H 39 4° Creditt, Rev. William A 43 44 Dean, Chesta Dillard 47 47 v Dutrieulle, P. Albert 49 49 Frazier, Miss Mary C. T 51 51 Harper, Mrs. Frances E. W 94 Harris, John W 53 54 Hemsley, Rev. William T 55 5^ Hinson, Dr. Eugene T 57 5& 3 Who's Who In Philadelphia (Emttrcta. Illustration Sketch Irvin, James H 59, 134? x35 59 Jackson, Rev. John S 6i 62 Jackson, Mrs. Pauline A 64 Lee, Rev. John W 65 65 Lehman, Martin J . 68 68 Mitchell, George W., Esq .70 71 Perry, Christopher J 74 74 Reeve, Rev. John B 76 77 Robinson, William J 80 81 'Seth, Joseph T 83 83 Titus, Miss Anna M 85 White, Hon. George H., Esq. 86 86 Williams, James H 89 90 Williams, John R. 91 92 INSTITUTIONS. Page Allen A. M. E. Church 103 A. M. E. Book Concern 131 A. M. E. Zion Church Financial Building 128 African Union Methodist Protestant Church 120 A. M. E. Union Church 104 Association for Protection Colored Women 126 Berean Presbyterian Church & School 112 Banner Real Estate Building 1^2 Bank, People's Savings 129 Bethel A. M. E. Church 4 Who's Who In Philadelphia (Eotttntfa. Page Book Concern A. M. E 131 Boys' Club, Wissahickon 123, Calvary M. E. Church 108 Central Presbyterian Church 116 Cherry Memorial Baptist Church 109 Church of Our Lady of the Blessed Sacrament 122 Crucifixion P. E. Church 114 Crucifixion P. E. Church Parish House 115 Downingtown Industrial & Agricultural School 125 Douglass Hospital 95, 9&> 97 Frederick Douglass Memorial Hospital 95, 96, 97 First African Presbyterian Church 113 Financial Building A. M. E. Zion Church 128 Holy Trinity Baptist Church . no Home Protection Colored Women 126 Irvin, Jas. H.J Where he began business 134 Irvin, Jas. H., Present place of business 135 Keystone Aid Society 13° La Mott A. M. E. Church 105 Mercy Hospital 100, ior Monumental Baptist Church 119 Negro Historical Society 115 Our Lady of the Blessed Sacrament Church 122 People's Presbyterian Church 123 People's Savings Bank 129 Reliable Mutual Aid Society 127 5 Who's Who In Philadelphia (Eontntfcs. Page Seth, J. T., Undertaking Establishment 133 Shiloh Baptist Church 121 Spring Street Settlement 9^> 99 St. John's A. M. E. Church 106 St. Michaels and All Angels P. E. Church n8 St. Peter Claver's School 124 St. Thomas P. E. Church 117 Undertaking Establishment, J. T. Seth 133 Undertaking Establishment, J. H. Irvin 134, 135 Union A. M. E. Church 104 Wesley A. M. E. Zion Church 107 Wissahickon Boys' Club 123 Zion Baptist Church 111 ARTICLES, LETTERS, POEMS AND ESSAYS. American Negro Woman, To the, (Poem) C. F. White . .179 Colored Men in Congress, C. F. White 162 Colored Philadelphians in Political Positions, by C. J. Perry 15° Effects of Slavery and the Negro upon the American White Man 200 From Over the Color Line,-C. F. White 189 Great Achievements of the Colored Race, C. F. White ..158 Mother, C. F. White 185 Mrs. Alice G. White (Illustration) 184 Our Idol (Poem) C. F. White 172 6 Who's Who In Philadelphia (Eonttttta. Page Philadelphians, Colored, in Political Positions 150 Philadelphia Negro, The, B. F. Lee, Jr 144 Philadelphians, Things of Interest about, R. R. Wright, Jr. 139 Plea Frum the Lowly, A (Poem) C. F. White 175 Press Clippings, C. F. White 155 Psalm of the Colored Republican, (Poem) C. F. White . .182 Race Question, The, C. F. White 167 Resolutions of a Race, (Poem) C. F. White 173 Some Ffifects of Slavery & Negro, etc., C. F. White ..200 Rhyme of the Ancient Truth, (Poem) C. F. White 177 Things of Interest about Colored Philadelphians 139 Taylor, J. P>., To the Memory of, (Poem) C. F. White . . .170 To the Memory of John Baxter Taylor 170 To the American Negro Woman 179 The Unity of the Nation, C. F. White 204 White, Mrs. Alice G., (Illustration) 184 White, Charles Fred., (Illustration) 154 White, Charles Fred., Press Clippings of 155 Wright, Richard R., Jr., (Illustration) 136 Wright, Richard R., Jr., (Biography) 136 7 Who's Who In Philadelphia 3utru£iurtimi. EVERAL months ago I suggested to Mr. Charles Fred. White, the com¬ piling of an encyclopaedia of biog¬ raphy of colored men and women of Philadelphia, who had really ac¬ complished something noteworthy. The object of such sketches would be to show by accumulated individ¬ ual examples just what the opportunities of our people are in this great city, and how they have availed themselves of them. Such a work would be information to many who do not come into intimate contact with our people, and an inspiration to hundreds who are often dis¬ couraged because of the obstacles they find. How well Mr. White has carried out the sug¬ gestion, is for the public to judge. Certainly he deserves commendation for his energy and enthusiasm in making this excellent beginning. R. R. Wright, Jr. April 16, 1912 8 Who's Who In Philadelphia Argument. We do not wish to- offer any apology for this collection of biographies, but there are several reasons for its compila¬ tion which we think ought to be stated. It is a glaring and somewhat deplorable fact that there is very little literature by and concerning the American Negro. This branch of our population, so lately out of bondage, has not yet learned the value and the necessity of producing its own literature; it is not yet aware that history is made up of the records of the things done by the living, chiefly while they are in exist¬ ence, and that the peoples whose history we know least about are those who failed to record their deeds. The man, the race or the nation who neglects to write down for pos¬ terity in some form the story of the struggles, difficulties and achievements of life is guilty of a crime of omission, the enormity of which the majority of our people, in Philadel¬ phia, at least, seem unable to realize. In compiling this work, which was suggested by Mr. R. R. Wright, Jr., very nearly two hundred people were interviewed directly and personally by the author. Many obstacles had to be overcome. Many disapproved of it. Some discouraged it. A few secretly or openly fought it by advising their friends not to have anything to do with it. The author and the work were ridiculed and scoffed at, and the enterprise was predicted and even pronounced to be a failure; but there were some who supported it, and these 9 Who's Who In Philadelphia it is our desire here to thank heartily for their support. These persons have made it possible for us to put before the reading- public these thirty interesting- stories of the lives and accomplishments of some of the people of color in Philadelphia who are doing something worth their efforts, something tending toward the uplift and advancement of our much-neglected race. They represent more than twen¬ ty distinct lines of religious, social, industrial, professional, political and literary endeavor. It was not our purpose in publishing a book entitled ''Who's Who In Philadelphia" to attempt to create any spe¬ cial or "blue book'' class, neither to exploit the history of the comparatively few old Philadelphia families, nor to puff anyone who might be trying to impress upon the public that he is doing more than is really true, but the attempt has been—and we think that we have succeeded in it—to find out and publish the facts concerning some of those who are making life worth living and who could be induced to let those facts be put before the community, in order that oth¬ ers might find incentive, might borrow inspiration, might be led to attempt to emulate their successes. On account of the great prejudice against our people all over this coun¬ try, they are very easily discouraged. They seem to feel that there is "no use trying to do anything much," because the white people are against us. This is mainly because the Negro has been taught to worship a false idol in the American white man. He has been taught that the white man is the all-superior, the all-powerful, the all-important being of this world, when, if he would only reason the mat¬ ter with himself, he would find that we are all made of the same kind of bone and tissue, and that there is no superior¬ ity but that which is the result of individual development. When a man has begun to think and reason out things for 10 Who's Who In Philadelphia himself and realize his possibilities, he has set in motion a dynamic force which no extraneous power can destroy. We hope that this volume may be the means of setting its read¬ ers to thinking, and working to build up themselves and thereby their race, community and country. Each of our lives is a model For some one, in some degree; Some one finds in us an ideal, Though our worth we may not see. Therefore, if in our small circles Of activities in life We can help, by our mere living, Some one upward in the strife, We should be willing to let our Deeds and lives be wider known, Since the crop is always larger When a larger field is sown. It was with a great deal of hesitancy that many of the persons whose sketches herein appear gave us, or allowed us to use, the information for our purpose. Some, for ex¬ ample, Rev. Dr. John B. Reeve, and others, refused to look over the biographies after the author had written them, be¬ cause, we suppose, they were too modest to be anxious to know just how the facts concerning their lives were being treated. The author has taken advantage of several such opportunities, and, having had some personal acquaintance with most of those about whom he wrote, lie has given them their full measure of credit. And yet, undue praise, exag¬ geration and overstatement have been carefully guarded against. The facts have been thoroughly sifted with the means at hand. No statement was taken blindly and with¬ out investigation. Eulogy in telling the stories has not been indulged in, but the plain facts have been clothed in the 11 Who's Who In Philadelphia best language and expression at the author's command, and every word used has been studied for its full value and ex¬ act meaning in its connection. The only person in the col¬ lection concerning whom the word "great'' was used in ref¬ erence—and in reverence—is Rev. Dr. Reeve, and the author feels absolutely safe in saying that if that venerable gentleman had been given his due by the daily press he would have been hailed as one of the great divines of the community. That press seems to be linked in a "conspiracy of silence" generally as to the commendable things con¬ cerning our race in this country. The author of this work has long known this, and it was one of the reasons for the publication of this book. We believe that the commendable rather than the derogatory things about us should be given prominence in print. To be prejudiced is to be ignorant of not only the altruistic principles of human ethics, but also of the person or thing against which one is prejudiced. The white man is astoundingly ignorant of our real worth, for he thinks that we are such insignificant beings, so little to be considered in any transaction or condition in which he is involved, that he does not take the pains to inform him¬ self about us. This collection is intended to enlighten him a little on the subject. No race of people needs printed evidence of its achieve¬ ments more than does the American Negro- He has plenty of tradition, but that history which is recorded bv tradition merely is doomed to- die prematurely from the wounds of the swift, unerring thrusts of the daggers of distortion and ob¬ livion. Many people die thinking that their memory will live long through tradition, or that someone will write of their deeds after they have passed from existence, but if they could realize how like the ocean is the world, how the waves of ingratitude, neglect and forgetfulness swallow up 12 Who's Who In Philadelphia each one who falls overboard from the ship of existence as it ploughs through the sea of life, they might be induced to provide records of their activities for posterity. If we had no records of the past we would be unable to improve upon the present. Our future evolution depends upon our study of the past and our improvement upon it. He who has no past cau have no future. CHARLES FRED WHITE, University of Pennsylvania, Law, Philadelphia, 19 13 Who's Who In Philadelphia (Hfjr wljttF man lias «o prerogattur wfjirli tl|p is bfltmfc tn mogmzp as surh ttt iirrogattott of tits own : : : 14 Who's Who In Philadelphia Wrtn 3 Am Irab. (Written in Philadelphia.) Whin I am dead, I wants no crowd o' Peeple mournin' 'roun' my grave, 'Less they is sinceer an' ernes', An' whin I'm put in thet cave I don' want no lot o' flowers Piled an' heept up on the moun". You jes bring 'em while I'm livin'; I kaint use 'em in the groun', Whin I am dead. Ef my muther an' my kinfolks Wants tu cry a little bit 'Cause they miss me frum the fam'ly Circkel, why thet's all right; yit I wud rather they'd rejois an' Be ez happy ez they kin, 'Cause they hez enuf uv troubles Widout addin' mine tu thim, Whin I am dead. Whin 1 am dead, I wants the peeple Jes tu tell the things thet's true 'Bout my life, an' 'bout my dooin's, An' don' make no big "tu-do," 'Cause, ef I wus good, it ain' no More'n I orter bin in life, An' ef I wus bad, it ain' no Reason tu raise up a strife, Whin I am dead. 15 Who's Who In Philadelphia The's a lot o' peeple in this Worl' thet's hiperkrits, ye know; Always makin' b'lieve thet whin ye Wus alive they luved ye so, Er a' tellin' whut frien's they wus, An' exzageratin' things, Er, ef talkin' tu yer folks, ye Wus an angel widout wings, Whin ye are dead. But whin I am dead, Ed rather Folks wild not pretin' tu be Frien's uv mine at all, 'less they wus Frien's in life, so I cud see An' cud feel their warm support an' Know thet I wus not forsook "Whin the worl' all wint agains' me. I don' need no frien'ly look Whin I am dead. An' I wants the worl' tu 'rive sum Binefit 'cause I hez lived: Ef I ain' done much, I've give it All the good I lied tu give. I don' want no trail uv sorrow Windin' thru time frum my grave; But Ed like tu leave a word, er Sumthin, thet sumbody'll save Whin I am dead. —Charles Fred White, March 12, 1910. 16 Who's Who In Philadelphia Who's Who In Philadelphia (Earohn? H. Attitemm, iH.ilL One of Philadelphia's foremost women, a pioneer of her sex in the practice of medicine, Dr. Caroline Virginia An¬ derson, was born in Philadelphia in 1848, of William and Mrs. Still, founders of the "Underground Railroad,'' both of whom, a singular fact, were born in 1825. Miss Still re¬ ceived her early education in Mrs. Henry Gordon's private school, the Friends' Raspberry Alley School and the Insti¬ tute for Colored Youth. In l|§64, at the age of a little more than fifteen years, she entered Oberlin College and received her degree four years later. She was the only colored and the youngest member of a class of forty-five, and was accorded the high honor of presiding over the annual meeting of the Ladies' Literary Society of that institution! After teaching school for one year she was married to E. A. Wiley, an Oberlin student, who died in 1874. Mrs. Wiley then studied medi¬ cine at Howard Lmiversity in 1875-6 for one year, at the same time teaching elocution and free-hand drawing. In 1876 she matriculated in the Women's Medical College, Philadelphia, and received the degree of Doctor of Medi¬ cine in 1878, being among the first two or three colored grad¬ uates. Dr. Wiley next applied for admission to the Boston New England Hospital for Women and Children as interne, but was refused on account of color by the board of phy¬ sicians. She was afterwards admitted, however, by the unanimous decision of the board of management A°-ain ° o she returned, in 1879, to her native city, where, after a year of practice of medicine, she married Rev. Matthew Ander¬ son. Dr. Anderson—for this is the name by which she is best known—has since practiced medicine, done missionary 18 Who's Who la Philadelphia work and taught in the Berean Church and school, of which she is now the assistant principal, for thirty-two years, and out of five children born has raised a family of three girls, namely, Helen, Maude and Margaret. Dr. Anderson assisted in organizing the first Colored Young Women's Christian Association in Philadelphia and herself reorganized it at its second birth. She has served as treasurer of the Women's Medical Alumnae Association, is a member of the Women's Medical Society, was for sev¬ eral years president of the Berean W. C. T. U., and is now also a member of the board of the Home for Aged and In¬ firm Colored People of Philadelphia. 19 Who's Who In Philadelphia Blarfe. The man who caters to the human appetite is always held in high favor, especially if he is successful in providing toothsome dishes and polite service. Born two or three years before Lincoln became President, Henry Smith Black came to Philadelphia while yet a boy, from Halifax County, Virginia, the State which has produced about thirty thou¬ sand of this city's colored population, nearly all of whom seem to know what is good for the diner and how most en¬ ticingly to prepare it. He obtained work as a waiter upon his arrival here, and at eighteen he was "the youngest head waiter" in Philadelphia, being then "in charge of Leland's Cafe in the main building during the Centennial" celebration After the exposition Mr. Black entered the catering and apartment house business, in which he was so success¬ ful that he now has "one of the most exclusive and fashion¬ able apartment houses, at 216 West Rittenhouse Square," Philadelphia's wealthiest section. He is a member of Cen¬ tral Presbyterian Church, has a family of five children and resides at 719 South Nineteenth street. in 1876. 20 Who's Who In Philadelphia MRS. ANNIE WALKER BLACKWELL. The August born are noble folk, intelligent and kind, with energy that knows no bounds. Among these folk we find Mrs. Annie Walker Blackwell, wife of Bishop G. L. Blackwell. She was born of Mrs. Matilda Walker and Hon. D. I. Walker, a Senator of the Palmetto State, at Chester, S. C. Her father was also for thirty years a Presiding Elder in the A. M. E. Zion Church. At the age of fourteen years Miss Walker had finished a course of education at Scotia Seminary and was teaching school before she was fifteen, in Charlotte, N. C. Her services were so valuable that she was twice promoted during her work there, and the school board was loath to part with her, so that she continued to teach there even after her marriage to Rev. G. L. Blackwell, on December 7, 1887. Besides teaching, by which means she contributed to 21 Who's Who In Philadelphia the support of her invalid father and mother, Mrs. Blackwell was clerk for her husband, who had charge of the A. M. E. Zion Church Publishing- House in Charlotte, in which po¬ sition she did the work of about three persons, and also edited the "W. C. T. U. Tidings" there for four years. She kept up all of this work until her husband was appoint¬ ed to Philadelphia; nor did she then cease her activity, for since 1904, except for two years, she has edited the Wom¬ an's Department of the "Missionary Seer" and has also been Associate Editor of that periodical. For several years she has been the most active member of the Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary Society, of which she is the corre¬ sponding secretary, and has built it up wonderfully. In Allegheny, Pa., at the connectional council of her church, in 1905, Mrs. Blackwell, through her excellent oratorical ability, wrested the control of this society from the men of the church and placed it in the hands of the women, and the wisdom of her foresight has been proven by the develop¬ ments in its growth since that time. During the first four years of this regime $2000 were raised for the work; in six months of the fifth year the amount collected was $4000, and they have raised more than $10,000 for 1911. Mrs. Blackwell is President of the Staff Auxiliary of the Frederick Douglass Memorial Hospital, Chairman of the Membership Committee of the Colored Women's Chris¬ tian Association, a member of the Heroines of Jericho, Queen Melissa Court, No. 2; a prominent member and worker in Varick Memorial A. M. E. Z. Church and Sunday School, and was a member of the committee on appropria¬ tions for the Douglass Hospital which secured the 1911 State appropriation for that institution last spring at Har- risburg. She is also the editor of a song book, "The Mis¬ sionary Call, published in Philadelphia. At the Ecumeni¬ cal Conference held in Toronto, Can., in 1911, Mrs. Black- well, as one of the delegates, again proved her ability as an orator. The most important event of her life, she says, was her wedding, and she wishes to be known principally as a housewife. 22 Who's Who In Philadelphia BISHOP GEORGE LINCOLN BLACKWELL, A. B., D. D., S. T. B., LL. D. 23 Who's Who In Philadelphia (Bishop (Brorge ffiinrnln Slarkuirll. The little town of Henderson, N. C., was the scene, on July 3, 1861, of the birth of George Lincoln Blackwell, a son of Hailey and Catharine Blackwell, who were slaves of the noted William Blackwell, of Granville county. Although his mother could neither read nor write, and his father could read only a little in the Bible, Bishop Blackwell takes pride in saying that they bequeathed to him both character and ambition. His father was extraordinarily ambitious and endeavored to so educate his children that they would equal or surpass those of his neighbors. Being Methodists in religion and strictly temperate in habits, his parents so influenced their children that none of them showed any de¬ sire to partake of tobacco or liquors during their youth, and this training was a factor in young Blackwell's success. Educational facilities were extremely poor for the new¬ ly emancipated colored people for years after the close of the war. The country schools which our young subject attended extended over a period of only three to five months during the year, and he was always foremost in his classes. When eighteen years old, he was coached and instructed by the son of his father's ex-master until he had acquired sufficient education to obtain a third grade certificate, which enabled him to teach school. He applied himself to further study while teaching and on being examined six months later successfully acquired a second grade rating, which wTas one grade in advance. At twenty he was admitted to the Noth Carolina Conference of the African Methodist Epis¬ copal Zion Church, but was relieved upon his own applica¬ tion one year later to attend Livingstone College, where he matriculated in the fall of 1882. Six years after this he had finished the preparatory and collegiate courses, receiving the A. B. degree. The lot of the student was with him as poor as that of most young men of his time. "Aside from his board and tuition money, he had only two dollars of his own from January to June" in 1883, "and yet he rejoices in the fact that he was promoted twice that session, out¬ stripping and leaving former classmates." During most of his time at Livingstone, however, he held small charges in 24 Who's Who In Philadelphia his church. Upon leaving his alma mater, he was trans¬ ferred north and in 1889 entered the Theological Depart¬ ment of Boston University, from which he received the de¬ gree of Bachelor cf Sacred Theology in 1892. In his class was the now Bishop Edwin Holt Hughes, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, who was elected to the Episcopacy during the same week in 1908, in Baltimore, in which Rev. Blackwell was elected to a like position in his church in Philadelphia. Before his elevation to the Bishopric, Rev. Blackwell pa stored' several of the most important charges in his church connection, among which were Cambridge and Bos¬ ton, Mass., and Philadelphia. His southern alma mater called him to her chair of Theology in 1893, which he left three years afterward to become the first manager of the A. M. E. Z. Publishing House, at Charlotte, N. C. While there he also edited the Sunday school literature of the church. He was appointed in 1900 to Wesley Church, Philadelphia, the largest pastorate in his connection. Dur¬ ing his four years here Rev. Blackwell served as General Secretary of his denomination, to which position he was re-elected four years later with the additional office of Mis¬ sionary Secretary. In addition to his duties in these ca¬ pacities he edited a book of discipline for the church organ¬ ization, and in 1908, without solicitation or expenditure on his part, he was elected a Bishop, the highest office of the ministerial profession. Last year Campbell College con¬ ferred on him the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws. Bishop Blackwell now presides over the Ninth Episco¬ pal District of the A. M. E. Z. Church, which embraces Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Arkansas, Oklahoma and Texas, although he resides in Philadelphia, where he is yet the editor of the "Missionary Seer." 25 Who's Who In Philadelphia ARTHUR TRUMAN BOYER, M. D. Not by any means are all of the leading- men and wom¬ en in the different lines of business and professional en¬ deavor those who have come here from other places. Ar¬ thur Truman Boyer was born in Philadelphia in 1874 and attended the public schools here and in Camden, N. J., after which he completed a course at the New Jersey State Nor¬ mal School in 1892. Although only one of two colored students in the Trenton school, Boyer was elected for two terms president of the debating society, and came within three votes of being chosen editor of the "Signal," the school paper. He was also prominent in athletics. After teaching school in Somerville, X. J., for three 26 Who's Who In Philadelphia years, he took a two-year course in Biology at the Uni¬ versity of Pennsylvania and then entered the Medical De¬ partment of that institution, from which he graduated in 1901. Dr. Boyer then became resident physician at the Frederick Douglass Memorial Hospital, where he re¬ mained one year, when lie began general practice in this city. Within the past ten years he has held, at various times, clinical positions in Douglass, Polyclinic and Mercy Hospitals and has made a special study of the eye, nose and throat, the former of which he studied for several years under Professors Hansell and Reber at the Polyclinic Hospital. For a number of years, too, he had charge of the Eye Department of Douglass and Mercy Hospitals, which position he yet holds at the latter place. Dr. Boyer is also a musician, and during the greater part of both his school and professional careers he has been organist and choir director of the First African Presby¬ terian and St. Paul Baptist Churches. He was married in April, 1907, to Miss Sallie B. Hackett, a well-known critic teacher of Baltimore, Md., to whom three children, includ¬ ing twins, were born, but she died three days after the twin birth, in March, 1911. He is a member of the Sigma Pi Phi Fraternity, the Naturalists' Field Club, National Medical Association, Phil¬ adelphia Academy of Medicine and Allied Sciences, of which he has been president, and the Knights of Pythias, having been a charter member of S. W. Starks Lodge, No. 43, which he served two terms as Keeper of Records and Seals. 27 Who's Who In Philadelphia Who's Who In Philadelphia (Eljartefl % brooks. On January 20, 1859, the Bluegrass State set upon the stage of human existence in Paducah a rollicking babe, who was christened Charles H. Brooks. This youngster received his early education in the public schools of his native Ken¬ tucky city, where he afterwards taught school for thirteen years. He was married in his twenty-first year to Miss Matilda Mansfield, a school teacher of Paducah and a grad¬ uate of Roger Williams University. Receiving an appointment as clerk in the Pension Of¬ fice in Washington, D. C., as the result of successful com¬ petition in examination therefor, he took up the duties of his position in 1889 and immediately began a course of fur¬ ther study. During this time Mr. Brooks completed the A. B. course in Spencerian Business College and the law •course in Howard University, following which he was ad¬ mitted to practice at the bar of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia on December 19, 1892, on motion of F. H. Mackey, Esq., Chairman of the Bar Committee on Examinations. But he was soon elected to the office of Grand Secretary of the Grand United Order of Odd Fel¬ lows, whereupon he resigned his government position and came to Philadelphia to take up his new duties. The treas¬ ury of the order was depleted when he entered the office, but after ten years under his management the finances had so recovered that there was a surplus of $10,000.00, bring¬ ing the order to the financial front of secret organizations, when he retired in 1902. He wrote in 1893 "the first and only authentic history of the order," which has since been circulated widely about the world, and during his encum- bency of office he was the second person sent to England as delegate to represent the order. While on that visit he lectured in the interest of his organization in the British Fsles and France. Upon leaving the office of Grand Secretary, Mr. Brooks was induced by the late John S. Trower, one of Philadel¬ phia's wealthiest caterers, and Rev. Dr. W. A. Creditt, whose biography is herein contained, "to settle in Philadel¬ phia and develop the business capacity of the large and in- 29 Who's Who In Philadelphia telligent congregation" of Cherry Street Church. Early in 1903, therefore, he procured a charter for the Reliable Mu¬ tual Aid and Insurance Society, which "jumped into public favor at once and in less than two years purchased" the building at 1440 Lombard street for its headquarters. This society has paid thousands of dollars to its members as "sick and death claims" during its ten years of life. The Cherry Building and Loan Association was also chartered by Mr. Brooks, about three years later; the Trinity Building and Loan Association of Ardmore, Montgomery county, Pa., is yet another of his organization. These two last named "have a combined capitalization of $1,500,000." Mr. Brooks is Secretary and Conveyancer of the former and Solicitor for the latter, and within "seven years they have put one hundred thousand dollars into homes for our peo¬ ple." During Governor Pennypacker's term Mr. Brooks was appointed a Notary Public. He devotes a large part of his time to the real estate brokerage business, in which he has the confidence of a large number of people, whose money he invests] for them. He is Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the First African Baptist Church; Accountant for the Downingtown Industrial School, and Chairman of its Fi¬ nance Committee; Secretary of the Model Storage Com¬ pany; Chaplain of the Citizens' Republican Club, and a large stockholder in the Cherry Building and Loan Associa¬ tion and the Model Storage Company. He is also a past officer in every official capacity in Mt. Zion Lodge. No. 6, F. A. & A. Y. M., and Paducah Lodg-e, No. 1545, G. U. O. of O. F. 30 Who's Who In Philadelphia JOHN THOMAS BUTLER, LL. B. The thrifty city of Norfolk, Va., gave us John Thomas Butler on February .31, 1872. While he was yet an infant, his father, a highly respectable citizen of the Old Dominion State, migrated to Philadelphia, where opportunities for a broader and more liberal education for the young progeny might be found. Under the wise guidance of his parents, he developed a ravenous appetite for learning, and at the age of seventeen he graduated from the public school course of this city. For seven years following this, young Butler taught school in Maryland, but in 1899' he entered the Law Department of Howard University, where he completed the prescribed course in legal lore and received his degree of Who's Who In Philadelphia Bachelor of Laws in 1901. The next year he took a special course in Morals and Philosophy under Dr. Rankin and Elocution under Professor Cook, of the Boston School of Expression. During his first year at college he won the Alpha Phi medal, the highest oratorical honor of the school, and the following year he was chosen as one of the team to repre¬ sent his alma mater in joint debate against Lincoln Univer¬ sity at Baltimore, where they took first honors. That same year Mr. Butler was selected as orator of the day at the annual banquet of the Frederick Douglass Post, G. A. R., of Washington, D. C. He is probably one of our finest dra¬ matic scholars now before the public. In 1903 he had the honor of entertaining an audience at Palm Beach, Fla., in which there were present such celebrated persons as the Duke and Duchess of Marlborough, J. Pierpont Morgan, Joe Jefferson, Mark Twain and ex-Speaker Reed. He has the distinction of having appeared upon the stage of the historic Academy of Music of this city more often than any other Negro artist of his time, and he has assisted in con¬ certs practically all of the greatest artists of his race, in¬ cluding Mesdames Selika, Sisserretta Jones, Flora Batson, A. E. Hackley, Messrs. Arneaux, of Paris; R. Henri Strange, Lawson, Paul Lawrence Dunbar, and many other musical and literary satellites. Within the past year there has been produced two or three times with success, in this city, the most recent of several plays of his authorship. This is a musical drama dealing with the "Brownsville" incident. While teaching school in Maryland, Mr. Butler served as president of the Teachers' Institute of Caroline county; he has also been president of the Philadelphia Choral So¬ ciety and the Phyllis Wheatley Literary Society, and is now, in addition to being a private teacher of elocution and dra¬ matic art, assistant superintendent of the Sunday School of St. Thomas' P. E. Church. 32 Who's Who In Philadelphia ABEL PAYNE CALDWELL. 33 Who's Who In Philadelphia AM $aytte (Ealduiell. The newspaper world, the field of the reporter and the editor, is as rough and as hard to plow through as it is enticing to the average worker in it, and he who would be successful in this line must necessarily have perseverance and pluck, as well as some literary ability. The editor of the "Philadelphia Courant," Abel Payne Caldwell, who was cast upon the stage of life in Chapel Hill, N. C., has found no exception to the rules in his favor. The Civil War was just drawing to a close when he was made a New Year's Day present to his slave parents, John and Mary A. Cald- welf|in 1865. -After four years in the public and pay schools of the little Tar Heel town, his parents came to Philadelphia, where he finished his education in the public schools. In 1882, when but seventeen years old, Abel launched cut into the journalistic world as business manager of the "Monthly Echo," which is spoken of in the "Afro-American Press" as "an amateur paper." Two years later he and his brother bought the business and continued to publish the little 12x 18 sheet for several years. When the American Exposition was held in London, Eng., in 1887, young Caldwell was se¬ lected by the directors to represent the American Xegro educated since the Emancipation and was put in charge of the Bureau of Information. It is needless to say that he filled the place "with credit." For a score of years Mr. Caldwell has been on the local staff of the "Philadelphia (daily) Press" and has reported for it a number of the large gatherings among colored people in different parts of the country, one of the more recent of which was the General Conference of the A. M. E. Zion Church in St. Louis, Mo., in 190-1. He is also a general correspondent for a syndicate of daily papers scattered 34 Who's Who In Philadelphia through the States. When the "Courant," a weekly paper, was organized at the close of the last century by George W. Mitchell, Esq., Dr. G. C. Strickland and others, Mr. Caldwell was put in charge of it and has continued as its editor for several years. Through this medium he has been a consistent and watchful fighter for reform in city politics and the maintenance of the mixed system of public schools here, sometimes being almost alone in the controversy, but never wavering, even in face of the School Board, who are continually and with impunity breaking the State law against segregation of white and colored children in the city's public schools, while the majority of the colored people seem to be asleep as to their rights. His activities in the reporter's sphere on the "Philadelphia Press" suggest¬ ed the idea of a "Negro Historical Society," which he, with some other Philadelphians, founded in 1897, and which was the first of its kind in America. He became its first corre¬ sponding secretary and the late Robert M. Adger its first president. This society is engaged "in the collection" and preservation "of books, pamphlets, relics and historical data pertaining to the Negro m Philadelphia," of which it now has a very creditable assortment in its rooms located in the parish house of the P. E. Church of the Crucifixion, at Eighth and Bainbridge streets. Mr. Caldwell is a member of Wesley A. M. E. Zion Church, where he was for four years chief superintendent of the Sunday School. Plis office is in the People's Bank Building, at 1508 Lombard street, and he is a member of the Armstrong Association. 35 Who's Who In Philadelphia Who's Who In Philadelphia Prof. Almmlter Clark. In Lynchburg, Va., in 1851 was born Alexander Clark, a remarkable example of thrift and perseverance. In spite of the many handicaps which slavery at that time placed upon all persons of Negro descent in the South, he had ac¬ quired at the age of eighteen years, the equivalent of a com¬ mon school education by attending private schools. Leav¬ ing home then, he went to Richmond. Va., where he learn¬ ed the trade of the tonsorial artist, and later he removed to Cincinnati, Ohio. Mr. Clark was always studious, and so, while he worked at the trade, he acquired a scientific knowl¬ edge of the treatment of the hair. But not content with this, he studied also the feet and hands and their treatment, and in 1876 he had come to Philadelphia and opened up the first manicure parlor in this city, at 1315 Chestnut street. For several years Prof. Clark practiced his profession at the Chestnut street store (now a part of the site of the great Wanamaker store), studying skin diseases during the while, after which he removed to 31 S. 18th St., where he re¬ mained for twenty years. For a number of years past he has been located at 409 S. 18th St. Not only this city has been the scene of his activities, but at various times during his thirty-five years of practice the professor has maintained branch offices in Asbury Park, and Mt. Holly, New Jersey, and in New York City, N. Y., and has had among his patrons many of the best citizens (principally whites) of those places. His practice is now large and constantly increasing among both white and colored people. Another prominent trait of this successful man is his inventive genius. Anyone who visits his establishment will notice the display of instruments for the performance of surgical and other operations which come within his line. Some of these are his own inventions. He manufactures 37 Who's Who In Philadelphia also many special preparations for the skin, hair, feet and hands, and conducts a school with a correspondence depart¬ ment to teach the profession. Prof. Clark has been awarded diplomas for his work, at the exposition held in Philadelphia in 1889 and in one at Wilmington, Delaware, in 1891, and has written and published three books or treatises, "Diseases of the Human Feet," "The Feet and Hands: How to Take Care of Them," and "A Treatise on Dermatology, Pedic Anatomy, Manicuring, Hygieopathy and Useful Toilet Hints, etc.,", and I am informed upon good authority that his have been the only copyrighted treatises in the United States upon the special line of work which he follows. The "Mercantile and Financial Times," of New York City, on August 9, 1902, published a lengthy and highly complimen¬ tary article on Prof. Clark and his business, styling him as "Prof. A. Clark, the leading Surgeon Chiropodist and Mani¬ cure," which is in part as follows: "In this connection (treatment of the feet) we may say that Prof. Clark, who, indeed, needs no introduction to many of our readers, has attained a leading position in the profession, having made a close study of it for over a quarter of a century. His work on the subject entitled 'Diseases of the Human Feet' has attained a national reputation and is recognized throughout the field as being the work of a leading authority on the subject." Who's Who In Philadelphia Who's Who In Philadelphia HUilltam If. (Cflffeg. The Keystone State has furnished us, in the person of Rev. William H. Coffey, D. D., with a man who "does things." On the fifteenth day of May in the year 1858, he was born at Newville, Pa. His parents, who were life mem¬ bers of the A. M. E. Zion Church, were such hospitable people that their house was known as "The Preacher's Inn," and it was probably due to these influences that the boy was licensed to preach at the age of twelve years. Like a dozen others, whose sketches appear in this col¬ lection, Coffey received the foundation of his education in the public schools of Philadelphia. Later he entered Nevin University, but was forced to leave in his senior year on ac¬ count of the severe illness of his mother. But, not daunted by this misfortune, he again entered the field of the student and pursued a course of Theology under Dr. Moore, rector of the Crucifix Protestant Episcopal Church, Bishop Simp¬ son, under whom he was ordained as a deacon, and Doctors Cassett and Kynet, of the M. E. Church, and a correspond¬ ence course from Prof. Rounds, of the Biblical Institute of Baltimore. Lie was ordained an elder by Bishops Gilbert Haven and James, also of the M. E. Church connection. Prof. Williams of the Reformed Episcopal School taught him Greek and Hebrew, philosophy and science he acquired at the old Philosophical School on Fourth street, below Green, in this city, and he took private lessons from Profes¬ sors Crock and Green of Drew Theological Seminary. Rev. Coffey joined the Delaware Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1872, and a year later he was married to Mary L. Waters, daughter of Rev. Samuel G. Waters of the same conference. For three years lie was presiding elder of the Salisbury district and during six more he filled the same position in the Philadelphia district. He 40 Who's Who In Philadelphia succeeded in advancing the former from fourth to first posi¬ tion in the conference and in putting the latter at the head of all the districts in the whole M. E. Church connection, white and colored, on the million-and-half-dollar line. For this he was congratulated by telegram from Bishop C. C. McCabe, Rev. Doctors J. O. Peck and J. W. Young, and by the General Conference of the church then in convention at Omaha, Neb., in 1892. Princess Ann Academy, of which Prof Bird was principal, was organized under the supervi¬ sion of Rev. Coffey as presiding elder, and "he was the first colored man elected a member of the parent board of the M. E. Church Extension Society." For five years, too, he was a Trustee of Morgan College, Baltimore. He served very successful administrations as pastor of Zoar and Bainbridge Street M. E. Churches in Philadelphia, and was leader of his delegation at the General Conferences of 1888, in New York City, and 1892, in Omaha. More than forty churches were built, remodeled and bought and fifteen mis¬ sions were organized by him during his activity in the M. E. Church. As a reward for all his work, "he was urged by many of his white and colored friends," to become a can¬ didate for either the secretaryship of the Freedman's Aid Society or the editorship of the "Southwestern Christian Advocate," at the General Conference in 1892, but he "posi¬ tively refused" to do so, "believing it would compromise his position as an advocate of the election of a Negro Bishop, for which he had agitated and worked for years." Two- years after this the officials of the A. M. E. Zion Church recognized his worth and, arrangements already having been made by Bishop Hood and Dr. Offley, Rev. Dr. Coffey joined the Philadelphia and Baltimore Conference of that organization at Plarrisburg, Pa.J presided over by Bis¬ hop Walters, from which he was immediately transferred to the New York Conference and stationed at Fleet Street 41 Who's Who In Philadelphia Church in Brooklyn. While he was pastor there many of the old debts were paid, the church was repaired and a four- thousand-dollar organ was installed. During his pastorate in New Haven, Conn., debts of long standing were paid and the church building was repaired. He next served at Provi¬ dence, R. I., where he built a $50,000.00 church edifice and paid $40,000.00 on the debt within three years. He stimulat¬ ed the pulse of his people in Worcester, Mass., and pur¬ chased a fine house of worship, of which more than half the cost was paid in one }^ear. The board of Bishops of the A. M. E. Zion Church then unanimously requested Dr. Coffey to accept the office of Corresponding Secretary of their Church Extension Society, which he did in 1902. He immediately organized and in¬ corporated the body and has since done phenomenal work through it. Thousands of dollars have been collected, hun¬ dreds of congregations have received aid from it, and churches have been secured under Rev. Dr. Coffey's direc¬ tion "in many places where Zion was not known." 42 Who's Who In Philadelphia Who's Who In Philadelphia iSeu. HtUtam Abraham (Errbtlt, It would be, indeed, difficult to record the life struggles and successes of Rev. William Abraham Creditt without de¬ scribing Cherry Memorial (First African Baptist) Church and the Downingtown Industrial and Agricultural Institute, both of which are monuments to his credit and ability. He was born in Baltimore, Maryland, on July 14, 1864, and at the age of seventeen entered Lincoln University, from which he graduated as Bachelor of Arts in 1885, and on which oc¬ casion he delivered the philosophical oration. "After a post-graduate course at Lincoln, he entered Newton Theological Institute in Massachusetts and finished the full classical course in May, 1889. Having found Christ under the pastoring of Rev. Dr. Annanias Brown, (a son of Cherry Street), in his twelfth year, the American Baptist Home Mission Board sent him, upon his ordination to the ministry, June, 1889, to Louisville, Ivy., to become a profes¬ sor in State University, located in that city, where he taught, introducing the inductive method of Latin, Greek and He¬ brew now used, and was the university preacher for two 3rears. The following year Rev. Creditt taught in the State Normal School at Frankfort, Ky., and also pastored the Corinthian Baptist Church of that city. He left Frankfort for Washington, D. C., where he became pastor of the Berean Baptist Church and remained until 1897, when he accepted the call of Philadelphia's old Mother of Baptist Churches." His church in Washington had one of the most cultured followings in that city, and he delights in stating that he has seen Hon. Frederick Douglass, Hon. Blanch K. Bruce and Hon. John R. Lynch often in his congregation. In 1898 the degree of Doctor of Philosophy was con¬ ferred on Rev. Creditt by Guadaloupe College and he re¬ ceived, also, the degree of Doctor of Divinity from Lincoln, being "the youngest man and only Baptist up to this time ever to receive such recognition from this alma mater." In 44 Who's Who In Philadelphia June, 1911, Lincoln again honored him, with LL.D., her highest degree, the fifth such bestowal in the school's his¬ tory. Besides the scholastic titles above mentioned, Dr. Creditt has received the degrees of A. M., and S. T. B. The First African Baptist Church, of which Dr. Creditt is pastor, dates back to 1809, the year of Abraham Lincoln's birth, when it was founded by thirteen colored members of the First (white) Baptist Church of this city, who withdrew for that purpose. These devout and thrifty people, under the guidance of Rev. Henry Cunningham, their first pastor, (1809-13), soon owned their church property on Tenth street above Vine, and subsequently bought and sold several other churches in which they worshipped in that vicinity. The last of these was the well known Cherry Street Church, east of Eleventh, which they bought in 1867 under the adminis¬ tration of Rev. Dr. T. D. Miller, (1864-97), who was for thirty-three years their leader. Upon his death, in 1897, Rev. Creditt, the seventh and present pastor, a grandson of the church, was called. Within the first nine years of his pas¬ torate, as the result of his zeal and ability, the church grew in membership to more than 2000; the Reliable Mutual Aid and Insurance Society, the Cherry Building and Loan As¬ sociation (Capital half a million dollars) and the Downing- town Industrial and Agricultural School were founded, the last by the late John S. Trower, for more than thirty years a member of the church; a five-thousand dollar parsonage was bought, at 628 S. 19th street; an office and home for these allied corporations of the church was purchased for a like amount at 1440 Lombard street; and a one hundred thousand dollar church property was built at 16th and Chris¬ tian streets, into which the congregation moved on Oct. 7, 1906. This truly institutional church was christened ''Cherry Memorial," and within three years more the old Cherry Street property was sold and the debt on the new building reduced to $32,000.00. At the centennial celebration of the church in 1909 the sum of $7000.00 was raised by the con- 45 Who's Who In Philadelphia gregation. This edifice is the finest among colored people in the city of Philadelphia and one of the finest in the coun¬ try, and its members are devoted and loyal to their pastor. Situated upon a hill, "commanding an excellent view of the surrounding country," at a distance of two and a half miles from Dowingtown, Pa., is the Downingtown School, before spoken of, with 110 acres of land, several buildings, a number and variety of livestock, 134 pupils and a corps of teachers, all under the presidential management of Dr. Creditt. The principal building, Pennsylvania Hall, and the Chapel were built by colored mechanics, assisted by the students, under contractor Wm. J. Robinson, whose sketch appears in this collection. The catalog states that in this institution are taught plain sewing, dressmaking, house¬ keeping, laundrv work, general domestic science, cooking, farming, dairying, carpentry, chair caning, poultry and stock raising, domestic art, upholstery, brick and stone masonry, wood turning, washing and ironing, besides the necessary academic studies for ordinary education. It has graduated thirty-five students from the different depart¬ ments during its seven years of existence, is not a denomina¬ tional school, and receives a small amount of yearly aid front the State. The founder, Mr. Trower, was treasurer of the school until his death last year and was deeply interested in the enterprise. When the author of this sketch visited the place about three years ago there were among the stu¬ dents a young man of twenty and a man of forty in the first cr second grades, neither of whom had ever been to school before, and both of whom were glad of the opportunity they had found and the progress they were making. Dr. Creditt is President of the New England Baptist Convention, which embraces ten States, Nova Scotia and the Republic of Hayti. He is one of the useful and suc¬ cessful men of the country, a persuasive writer, an excellent manager, and one cf our best orators. As he is practical, conservative and far-seeing, he is one of our safest religious leaders. 46 Who's Who In Philadelphia CHESTA DILLARD DEAN. A woman of grit- and determination, with common sense enough to work to achieve the goal of her ambition, regardless of what the world has to say of her, is of the kind most needed among this race of men of affairs. Of humble parentage, on a little farm about ten miles from Danville, Virginia, there was born to Barbara and Horace Dillard, on Lincoln's birthday, 1885, their tenth child, Chesta. She was but a babe of seven months when her father died, and she was taken at three years of age by an older sister to Jersey City, N. J., to be reared. At fourteen she had finished the grammar school course and was entering high school, where she continued one year, 47 Who's Who In Philadelphia whence she went to St. Paul's School in Lawrenceville, Y a. After spending- some time there, Chesta went to Providence, R. I., to live with a married sister, Mrs. Walker C. Thomas, whose husband was a building contractor. Here she had entered Brown University and had completed but two years of her studies when the grim reaper came again across her path and cut down her sister's husband from the stalk of life. Being thus thrown practically upon her own resources, she secured work and learned, meantime, the profession of hair dressing and manicuring, but the work did not prove congenial to her spirit. As she liked music, she studied the piano and singing, and during her leisure her industry caus¬ ed her to learn needle Avork. Five years ago Mrs. Dean came to Philadelphia, where, as soon as she was able, she entered Temple College, from which she graduated in June, 1911, in Pharmacy. While studying at Temple, and whenever she found time which was not required to work for her support, she practiced pharmacy in the Garretson Hospital dispensary, but could not get a sufficient number of hours to satisfy the State examining board in order to become a registered pharmacist. After graduation she tried unsuccessfully to secure a posi¬ tion in a drug store as clerk, so as to get the required ex¬ perience. Thinking that fate had again come into her way, she began to despair, when a suggestion came to her, and with the assistance of her sister, who had married again, she purchased a drug store of twenty-five years' standing at the corner of Sixteenth and Christian streets in this city and facing Cherry Memorial Church. She had seized oppor¬ tunity by the forelock and dragged it into her door. This happened in November of 1911 and Mrs. Chesta Dillard Dean enjoys the distinction of being, out of three colored druggists, the only colored woman druggist owning a store in the city. She employes a Registered Pharmacist and a student pharmacist (men) and will be readv for her State board examination in June, 1912. She is, truly, a woman of grit and determination, and she has a good business train¬ ing. 48 Who's Who In Philadelphia P. ALBERT DUTRIEULLE. The person with whom this sketch deals, P. Albert Dutrieulle, was born in Philadelphia in 1838. After receiv¬ ing- an education in the public schools he learned the trade of shoemaking- at which he worked for seven years. Then, learning of the opportunities for financial success in the ca¬ tering line, he served an apprenticeship to that business and in 1873 established himself in such an enterprise, which has proven quite lucrative. Although his business has required a great deal of at¬ tention, Mr. Dutrieulle has always found time to devote to other activities in the community. In 1870-72 he was, re¬ spectively, second lieutenant and first lieutenant in Co. F., 13th Regt., Inf. N. G. Pa., P>rigade 1st Div., Uniformed Militia of the City of Philadelphia. About 1885 he was a 49 Who's Who In Philadelphia member of The Social Club, and of the New York, Philadel¬ phia and Newport Fishing Club. In company with others, he organized the Caterers' Manufacturing & Supply Co., for furnishing caterers with tables, chairs, linen, glass, sil¬ ver and china ware. He served several terms as President of this company and is now identified with the Philadel¬ phia Caterers' Association, of which he has been Vice- President and President. He was the promoter of the Pioneer Building & Loan Assn., one of the best of its kind in Philadelphia, and has been its only treasurer to the pres¬ ent time, for 24 years. He is connected with the Quaker City Beneficial Assn.; the Fraternal Association, in which he has held the offices of Vice-President, President, and Treasurer ; the Negro Historical Society, of which he has been President; has served St. Mary's Catholic Beneficial Society as its Treasurer; and is also a member of St. Peter Claver's Holy Name Society. On Dec. 31, 1910, the Commercial Journal of Philadel¬ phia (established 1875) said in part: "We have in this city quite a number of the very best caterers in the East, men who, from broad experience, have really made catering a fine art. Prominent among the foremost of these is Mr. P. Albert Dutrieulle, 40 S. 19th St., who, for many years, has had charge of the gastronomic features of a very generous proportion of the most elite and exclusive social functions that have ever been given in this city. It is with especial pleasure, therefore, that 'Commercial Journal' is privileged to note that Mr. Dutrieulle has entered the social season of 1911 better prepared than ever before to meet the demands of the most exacting patronage one could readily conceive, and Philadelphians who know him of old may be assured that his idea of rendering the very best service pos¬ sible will continue unchanged." No finer tribute than this could be paid to such a successful business man as is Mr. Dutrieulle. 50 Who's Who In Philadelphia MARY CLAY T. FRAZIER. Mary Clay T. Frazier was born in Paris, Kentucky. Her parents, Simon and Anne E. Frazier, were descendants of an old and aristocratic family, dating back to Henry Clay of Kentucky, to whom her grandfather belonged as a slave- Inheriting the gifts of her father's people, she early adopted: the habit of "counting pennies," and as young as five years of age she had saved quite a sum from those which different persons had given her. As she grew, so, too, grew this- habit. Soon, however, her parents, who had a large family., 51 Who's Who In Philadelphia sent her to be reared and cared for to the Visitation Acad¬ emy in Paris, Ky. There she became a devout Catholic and remained with the sisters until she was sixteen years old. At this age, thinking that she knew quite enough to start out into the world, she went to Cincinnati, Ohio; for she had traveled so extensively during vacations with Mrs. Sea- bright, sister of Father Ryan, that no city seemed strange to her. She had, therefore, received a double education, and when she arrived in the Ohio city she was fully able to face the world. Miss Frazier had always craved to be a trained nurse, so, with the money she had saved up to this time, she en¬ tered Miss Laura MacDonald's Training] School in Cincin¬ nati, where she remained for three years, completing the course. Coming east, she then entered the Red Cross Train¬ ing School, from which institution also she received a diploma. Miss Frazier has always been fond of charity and has given extensively to hospitals, missionary societies and charitable institutions in Philadelphia, Cincinnati, and Louisville, Ky. Her travels have extended over this coun¬ try and abroad. She owns a fine home on Grove Terrace, Philadelphia, and a valuable piece of land in Lansdale, Montgomery Co., Pa., aggregating $18,000.00. She is a member of Equity Household of Ruth, No. 45, and of Magdalene Royal Court of Cvrene, No. 4. 0 52 Who's Who In Philadelphia Who's Who In Philadelphia HIaljtt M. Harris. Another example of the energy of the Philadelphia Iborn man is John W. Harris a real estate and insurance Ibroker, of 1116 S. 19th Street. Mr. Harris began his course of education at the old Raspberry Street school and later :graduated from the Institute for Colored Youth. Immedi¬ ately after his commencement, he entered the office of the "'Philadelphia Tribune" as clerk and performed his duties so well that he was in due time promoted to the managing •editorship of the paper. For fourteen years he was connected with the "Trib- une," during which time he engaged also in the real estate business, managing The Conservative Company, in which lie was very successful. The paper upon which he was formerly employed speaks of him as ''hustling,—reliable and ■painstaking in all of his business transactions" and repre¬ senting "the best among our progressive young men." Besides the home in which he lives, Mr. Harris owns ^several other properties in this city. He is Secretary of the M!ercy Hospital and Training School for Nurses, Treasurer of the Alumni Association of the Institute for Colored "Youth, Treasurer of the Men's Club of the Church of the Crucifixion, a Director of the Berean Building and Loan Association, Secretary of the Donaldson Medicine Com¬ pany, a member of the Citizens' Republican Club, and a founder of the Pequcd Club, a dining club, of which, after having served in all the offices thereof, he is a member of the Board of Governors. 54 Who's Who In Philadelphia REV. WILLIAM THOMAS HEMSLEY. 55 Who's Who In Philadelphia William Sluimas Sjfntslry. Another example of the industry and affability of the Maryland product is Rev. William Thomas Hemsley, a Methodist clergyman, who has been pastor of one church in this city of brotherly love for fourteen years, and who went to conference this spring with a petition from his congre¬ gation for his return the fourteenth time. Centerville, Queen Anne County, was the place of his birth during the stirring times of the Civil War. The public school of his native town gave him the training necessary to prepare him for teaching in his county at the age of eighteen, after several years of which he studied at Lincoln and Genesse-Wesleyan Universities and Claverack-College. While studying at the last named place, he was pastor of St. John's M. E. Church, and upon leaving there he was appointed to Haven M. E. Church, 26th and Jefferson streets, Philadelphia. Here he found a membership of sixty-two and a debt of $5000.00 about to be foreclosed, but by diligent work he stayed the sale and eight years later paid off all the incumbrance and burned the mortgage. His congregation is now housed in a $75',000.00 church edifice at 23rd and Oxford streets, which he is endeavoring to con¬ vert into an institutional church, and where he is weekly greeted by large audiences. 56 Who's Who In Philadelphia Who's Who In Philadelphia iEugette QL Iftnatm, 4HJL The Institute for Colored Youth, which was until late years located in Philadelphia, has been responsible for the educational training of many men and women, a number of whose sketches appear in this collection, who have become prominent in the life and affairs of this city. Among them is Eugene T. Hinson, M. D., who was born of Pennsylva¬ nia parents, his mother being a Philadelphian and his father from Chester County, on November 20, 1873, in this city. His early education was received at the Otto V. Catto Public School, of this city, and the Mt. Vernon School, of Camden, N. J., after which he graduated from the Institute for Colored Youth in 1892. During his career at this in¬ stitution, Hinson was the winner of several prizes in scho¬ lastic activities and also a member of the baseball team. The first year after his graduation he spent in teaching school in Harford County, Maryland, and the next found him on the faculty of his Alma Mater. But he was am¬ bitious; teaching was with him only a means to an end; so that after the end of his second year as a teacher he en¬ tered the Medical School of the University of Pennsylvania, where he became, on account of his proficiency in the game, a member of his class baseball team. He graduated from his four-year professional course with honors in 1898. Dr. Hinson then began the practice of medicine, in which he is enjoying a successful career in this city. He is at the head of the gynecological department of the Mercy Hos¬ pital, which position he has held since the establishment of this institution six years ago by Dr. E. C. Howard, him¬ self and others. He owns his very comfortable home, where he lives with his wife, nee Marie Hopewell, of Philadelphia, and has his office at 1333 South Nineteenth street. He enjoys a large practice :mong both races and is a mem¬ ber of the Sigma Pi Phi Fraternity: also of the I. C. Y. Alumni Association, which he has served as a member of the Executive Committee. 58 Who's Who In Philadelphia JAMES HENRY IRVIN. Besides courtesy and thoroughness,, thrift and persever¬ ance are the main requisites of a successful business man. Possessing- these qualities, it is no wonder that James Henry Irvin has established a reputation as a Philadelphia business success. The city of the Colonial Lord Baltimore is re¬ sponsible for his advent to this world, and the fact that ad¬ versity is the mother of discretion is largely, no doubt, the stimulus of his character. He was born on May 7, 1858, of James H. and Catherine Irvin, and his father died when he was two years old, leaving the widow with three chil¬ dren, two of whom were girls. In his eleventh year James was compelled to leave school and go to work to help to support the family, and in his seventeenth death took away his mother. He remained in his native Maryland city un¬ til twenty of his years had passed, when he came to Phila¬ delphia, where he found work for about four years as a waiter. But young Irvin had higher ambitions, so, with the kind assistance of Rev. Dr. John B. Reeve, he entered the employ of Mrs. H. S. Duterte (mentioned in J. T. Seth's biography of this compilation) as an apprentice at cabinet- making under Mr. E. Sullivan and as a student in the under- 59 Who's Who In Philadelphia taking business. After nearly nine years of study and ex¬ perience in this establishment of funeral directing", Mr. Ir- vin embarked in the business for himself at 3634 Sansom street, with a capital of $125.00. This was twenty-two years ago, but in 1900 the frame Mouse in which he started was torn down and a modern, electric-lighted three-story brick dwelling erected in its place. Then, in 1906, having acquired title to the property adjoining his own, he removed the frame building thereon and built a two-story brick ad¬ dition for his carriages, embalming rooms, morgue and fu¬ neral chapel, so that he now has a plant 28x80 feet, com¬ prising, besides these, a stable for his six horses. His busi¬ ness equipment includes a hearse, three carriages, an un¬ dertaker's wagon and an embalmer's buggy, and he employs his son, Leonard, a graduate of Eckles Embalming College, and two other assistants. His wife, Mrs. Cornelia Miller Irvin, who is by trade a modiste, is also a member of his working staff, and Mr. Irvin says she is an artist in her line of dressing and shrouding. The author of this sketch is personally acquainted with the family and can vouch for the statement that they are very busy people. This, of course, is a result of the excellent business qualities of the head of the concern and the congeniality and industry of the members of his family. Mr. Irvin has four children, two sons and two daugh¬ ters, and, besides the above-named properties, he owns oth¬ ers in Darby, Pa., and Magnolia, N. J. He is an active member in the Fraternalae Beneficiae Societas, a Mason, Past Officer in the Odd Fellows' Lodge, Treasurer of the Home Commission of the Knights of Pythias, member of the Citizens Club, True Reformers, and St. Luke's Society, Treasurer of the Keystone Aid Society and of the Y. M. C. A. Southwest Branch, Treasurer of the Northern Review Publishing Company, a Director and Treasurer of Merion Cemetery Company, member of the Advisory Board of Eden Cemetery Company and President of the Board of Trustees of Lombard Street Central Presbvterian Church. 60 Who's Who In Philadelphia Who's Who In Philadelphia $lru. l0ljn Sarksott, II. 1. Rev. John Simpson Jackson, the fourth son of John and Lizzie Jackson, was born near Forkland, Greene County, Alabama, on October 8, 1865. He attended the primary schools at his home, and later went to Marion, Ala., enter¬ ing- the Lincoln Normal University, where he graduated from the Normal Department in 1884. After returning home he taught school for ten consecu¬ tive years. Very early in life the quality of leadership was discovered in him ; therefore his career in the educa¬ tional and political life of his State stands out conspicuously. He was at one time a member of the Republican Executive Board of his State; was nominated twice by the Greene County Convention for Representative to the State Legis¬ lature; elected delegate to the Republican National Conven¬ tion held in Minneapolis, Minn., when Benjamin Harrison was nominated for President of the United States. But his career in the religious world has made him a prominent figure of his race. Converted in early youth, he joined Birdine A. M. E. Zion Church and became an active and influential member, holding from time to time every of¬ fice in the church to which a layman is eligible. Since being licensed to preach, his rise in the church has been rapid, and he has filled the positions of pastor in Alabama,. Presiding Elder in Mississippi, member of four General Con¬ ferences, and General Financial Secretary of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion denomination, which office he still holds. Livingstone College has honored him with the degree of Doctor of Divinity. As a preacher Rev. Jackson is able and impressive, a noted church builder and financier with but few peers. In 1908, as Treasurer of the Grand United Order of Odd Fel- 62 Who's Who In Philadelphia lows of the State of Alabama, and Financial Secretary of the A. M. E. Zion Church, he was under bond for forty thousand dollars, making- him, perhaps, one of the most heavily bonded colored men in the country. He is also a thirty-second degree Mason, a member of the Knights of Pythias and of the United Brothers of Friendship. Dr. Jackson has been married twice; first to Miss Louise Pearson, a member of one of the wealthiest families in the western part of Alabama. Six children were born to them, three of whom, Gertrude, Geneva and Robert, are now living. His second wife, whom he married February 5, 1908, was Miss Pauline A. Huggar, a prominent school teacher, club and church worker of Mobile, Alabama. Since May, 1908, the Rev. Jackson has lived in Phila¬ delphia, where he owns a beautiful and spacious residence. His real estate ownings are valuable also in Alabama, New Jersey and in Maryland near Washington, D. C. 63 Who's Who In Philadelphia MRS. PAULINE A. JACKSON, wife of Rev. J. S. Jackson, D. D., one of onr prominent women, who is president of the Young- Women's Christian Association (Colored) of Philadelphia. (Loaned by Phiia. Courant) 64 Who's Who In Philadelphia REV. JOHN W. LEE, A. M., D. D. Whom Nature would most honor 'twould seem she tirst makes poor, and many who have won distinction have by their innate energy pushed themselves forth through the hard soil of poverty and obscurity. These people know the worth of ambition, appreciate the benefits of education, and are generally willing to do whatever they can to create in¬ centive in others by furnishing or pointing out to them ex¬ amples of success achieved through struggles and hard¬ ships. One such person, John W. Lee, was boru on April 65 Who's Who In Philadelphia 22, 1864, in Harford County, Maryland. His earnest, Chris¬ tian parents gave him what education could be had during the few short winter months, but through most of the year he had to work on the farm. At the age of eighteen he left home and went to live in Baltimore, where he worked dur¬ ing the day and attended night school. In 1890 he depart¬ ed from that city to try his fortunes in Pittsburgh, Pa., and soon secured a position there as car dispatcher with the Citizens' Traction Company. It was while there, in February, 1892, that Lee experi¬ enced the change of heart during a revival service held by Rev. I. N. Ross at Wiley Avenue A. M. E. Church. He at once became active in Christian work. Believing that he had been called by God to preach the gospel, he entered Lin¬ coln University the next year to prepare himself for that sacred mission, and took two years of special work in the college. He then entered the Theological School, from which he graduated with the degree of Master of Arts in June, 1898. Before the end of that month he was ordained and became the supply for the Madison Street Presbyterian Church, of Baltimore, Md., where he served most accept¬ ably for five months. His preaching and his earnest Chris¬ tian zeal elicited the high commendation of the congrega¬ tion. He then took up Sunday School missionary work in that State, with headquarters at Annapolis, in which he continued for two years. In the fall of 1900 Rev. Lee came to Philadelphia to visit relatives and friends, and was invited to preach a ser¬ mon at the First African Presbyterian Church. He went, and preached, and the people were so well pleased that he was then invited to become the pulpit supply, for the church was not in condition to call a pastor. After a year and a half as supply he was unanimously elected pastor. During his eleven years here the church property has been twice repaired at a cost of $3000, and a mortgage of $10,000 has been paid, freeing the entire property from debt. His con- 66 Who's Who In Philadelphia gregation is well organized and three hundred members have been added to the church roll. One of the leading Presbyterian periodicals has said of him : "Rev. John W. Lee is a clear thinker, pleasing in manner, forceful and elo¬ quent as a preacher. With his pen he frequently contrib¬ utes articles to the religious journals of his chuch, both white and colored." For sixteen days in 1907 the church celebrated its one- hundredth anniversary. During these services Rev. Wil¬ liam H. Roberts, D. D., Moderator of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in U. S. A.; John B. Rendall, I). D., President, and I. N. Rendall, D. D., President Emeri¬ tus, of Lincoln University, with other distinguished church¬ men from various parts of the country, took part. This was one of the most notable events in the history of the church, and its success was largely due to the efforts of Rev. Lee. In 1908, ten years after his graduation from the sem¬ inary, his alma mater confered upon him the degree of Doc¬ tor of Divinity. Dr. Lee is a believer in matrimony and has been led to the altar on two occasions when he was not seeking relig¬ ion. His present wife, who was Miss Mary J. Murdock, of North Carolina, is a graduate of Scotia Seminary, a woman of refined manners, fine literary gifts and a devoted and successful worker. Beside! being "a splendid companion," Mrs. Lee is a valuable assistant to her husband in his lit¬ erary and religious efforts. The Reverend Doctor is President of the National Alumni Association of Lincoln University, Chairman of the Freedmen's Educational Committee of the Presbytery of Philadelphia, and chairman cf the Board of Control of the Y. M. C. A., Southwest Branch. He was also chairman of the colored men's campaign committee during the raising of the $1,000,000 fund for the Y. M. C. A. in 1911, when the colored people of Philadelphia subscribed $22,000 in five days. He is a member of the Presbyterian Evangelistic Committee, and was the first clergyman to hold open-air tent services among his people in the southern section of the city. 67 Who's Who In Philadelphia MARTIN J. LEHMAN. Industry is the price of comfort, and among the indus¬ trious of this city we find Martin J. Lehman, who was born in Curacao, Dutch West Indies, on October 15th, 1858. When Martin was about six months of age his parents moved to St. Thomas, where his father became a cigar manufacturer. Upon arriving at school age, young Leh¬ man began attending day school, but after one week he was compelled to quit in order to learn the trade of his father. He did not give up his education, however, for while he worked at the trade by day, he attended private school at night until he reached the age of fourteen. He then went to sea, and, shipping from San Domingo, he first landed in the United States at Lincoln Wharf, Boston, in 1872. 68 Who's Who Irf Philadelphia After ten years more of sea life and other occupations, during which he made numerous voyages to the British Isles and South America, Mr. Lehman finally settled down to his trade with the firms, successively, of Jitel Brothers and Juan Portuando, in Philadelphia. In 1885 he started into the business for himself in Trenton, N. J., but returned to this city four years later and continued his business un¬ til 1891, when he went to Chicago and worked for six months. Again returning to this city, he worked at his trade in Eisenlohr's factory for three years, since which he has been in business for himself. He does a large whole¬ sale business in the well-known "Queen of Sheba" and "Creole" five-cent cigars, all of which he manufactures at his shop, 1350 Lombard street. Mr. Lehman, his wife and one child are comfortably housed in a delightful home at 1830 Reed street, which he owns. Besides this, he possesses several other properties in Philadelphia and Elmwocd, Pa., and Whitesboro, N. J. He has been the only Treasurer of the Eden Cemetery Company, which he assisted in founding in 1902; is a Direc¬ tor of the People's Savings Bank, President of the Holy Name Society, being of the Catholic faith; Treasurer of St. Mary's Beneficial Association, and President of St. Peter Claver's Conference, Society of St. Vincent de Paul. 0 69 Who's Who In Philadelphia GEORGE W. MITCHELL, ESQ. 70 Who's Who In Philadelphia UL iHitrtjpU, 1C3C.1L To be a fighter in the truest literal sense of that mili¬ tant word, although deprecating- its physical exemplifica¬ tion in active demonstration, to battle hard, but success¬ fully, against the impoverishing tide of penury and preju¬ dice, is to be counted among those beings who make life worth its living, and to enjoy the seeming repose which one finds on the levels higher up. In George W. Mitchell, Esq., we have a man who is an inveterate contender for principles. Horn on a farm near Chatham, Va., of thrifty parents, who had in even so short a time as half a decade after the Civil War learned the value of a dollar, bought the ground on which they lived, and become tillers of 900 acres of land, the first impressions made on George's infant mind were those of hard work, thrift, frugality and integ¬ rity. We do not wonder, therefore, that because of these qualities he has become one of our foremost attorneys at law. After attending the common school near his home in his native State during early boyhood, he went to New York, where he obtained a position as errand boy in a large business house. But to know and to do something were two of his uppermost thoughts, so he entered Paine's Busi¬ ness College, attending classes at night after running er¬ rands all day, and in due time graduated from the school as stenographer, bookkeeper and accountant. In the mean¬ time, although the first colored boy who had ever worked in the establishment in any capacity whatever, he had been promoted from errand boy to the responsible position of shipping clerk, and in this position he was in charge of not only the handling of the goods, but also was chief over a number of white clerks and errand boys in his department. 71 Who's Who In Philadelphia These objected to his being appointed over them, even though he was rewarded Only in the regular order of recog¬ nition for efficiency and length of service, but when they understood from the proprietor that they could remain in his employ or leave at their pleasure—as is generally the case in such feigned emergencies—they elected to attend to their own duties and not attempt to dictate to the manage¬ ment. Mitchell acted also as private secretary to the head of the firm, whose son, a young Episcopal clergyman, show¬ ed his friendly interest by tutoring George and preparing him for college. This friendship, cultivated between tutor and student, has continued through life in correspondence between man and man. Leaving New York, Mitchell entered Howard Univer¬ sity, where he became private secretary to the secretary- treasurer of that institution—who was also one of the found¬ ers of the school—and in addition secured an appointment to a clerkship in one of the Government departments. For some time he held both of these positions, at the same time attending his classes in college and working often seven¬ teen or eighteen hours per day. During this time he also founded and published the first student magazine at How¬ ard. He finished his college course in 1894 and graduated in law two years later. Immediately after graduation, Mr. Mitchell came to Philadelphia, entered the law offices of the firm of Rhoades, Woodruff, Hopper and McCollin, and was admitted to the bar in 1898. The first two years of his practice found him occupying offices with Mr. B. Finberg, a real estate dealer, but in 1900 he decided to strike out alone and he has since enjoyed a successful career in the practice of the legal pro¬ fession. The respect in which lie is held by his fellow practitioners is shown by the fact that on several occasions, 72 Who's Who In Philadelphia a friend of his told me, the "Legal Intelligencer/' Philadel¬ phia's leading law journal, has commented upon his ability when he has brought out in argument some "new point of law." For several years he has maintained offices at 908 Walnut street, where he has built up a clientele composed largely of white people, all of whom, as well as the colored, nave great confidence in his ability to serve them in his legal capacity. During his thirteen years of practice here, Mr. Mitchell has been instrumental in founding and organizing a num¬ ber of social, industrial and beneficial enterprises, with sev¬ eral of which he is yet identified in official or advisory ca¬ pacity. He founded the Kejpone Aid Society, Banneker Building and Loan Society, William Still B. and L. Society, Germantown Cooperative Association and the "Philadel¬ phia Courant." He is the "father of the idea" of the Asso¬ ciation for the Protection of Colored Women, of which Mrs. S. W. Lavten is in charge. The rejuvenation of the Negro Historical Society was chiefly due to his efforts, and he is actively connected with the Pioneer B. and L. Asso¬ ciation, Eureka Investment Company (B. and L.) and the Eighth Ward B. and L. Association, founded by R. R. Wright, Jr. Being a close student of his race, as well as his profession, he made a thorough search of the records in the Congressional Library and has recently written an exhaus¬ tive and truthful history of the Negro as affected by slav¬ ery, the war and the reconstruction, which we hope soon to see in print. 73 Who's Who In Philadelphia CHRISTOPHER J. PERRY. The man who perhaps more than any other in Philadel¬ phia has the latent means of creating and moulding public sentliment among the colored people' is Christopher J. Perry, who first breathed this mundane atmosphere on September 11, 1854, at P>altimore, Maryland. As his par¬ ents were free when he was born, young Perry took advan¬ tage of the meagre school facilities for children of the dark¬ er race in his city and acquired some education. While yet a boy he came to Philadelphia and, securing work in private families, attended the night schools. While at his work, too, he would often be found devouring the contents of some book of interest which he had come across in his employer's library. At about the age of 15 years "lie began writing for newspapers, his letters being always newsy and pleasing-," says an account of him in the "Afro-American Press." "In November, 1881, he began writing for a Northern daily, 74 Who's Who In Philadelphia and later on became the editor of the Colored department in the "Sunday Mirror.' This led to the establishment of the ' 1 ribune,' in 1884, which he has conducted since with editorial skill and newspaper tact." Mr. Perry has been very successful in his business as editor and proprietor of the " Philadelphia Tribune." During its twenty-seven years of existence it has issued every week, and it is now recog¬ nised as the leading colored weelch in this city, which reputation it has enjoyed for a number of years. This is attested by its wide circulation in Philadelphia and the sur¬ rounding towns and cities. The building of this enterprise is peculiarly the work of the proprietor, for he has held strictly to his own ideals and worked out his own plans in all of its main features. The "Tribune" is one of the two colored newspapers in Philadelphia owning rotary printing presses. Mr. Perry is to some extent a pioneer. He was the first colored person appointed as clerk in the Sheriff's of¬ fice in Philadelphia, and for fifteen years he performed the duties of that position under five different sheriffs. He was also the first colored man here to be appointed an Inspec¬ tor of Highways, which position he has held for the past three years. The roll of members of the Sectional School Board of this city includes his name. For several years he was Superintendent of the Sunday School of trie Lombard Street Central Presbyterian Church, of which the venerable Dr. John B. Reeve is pastor, and he is yet an active worker in that organization, where he has a very interesting and suc- cessfuf class of boys and boys' club. He is a member of the Hotel Brotherhood, the Sons of St. Thomas, the Citizens' Republican Club, the Philadelphia Negro Historical So¬ ciety, and is frequently seen addressing audiences upon some enlightening topic. Mr. Perry is a real estate owner and his wife and children are comfortably housed in a very delightful part of West Philadelphia. 75 Who's Who In Philadelphia Who's Who In Philadelphia Hint, ifllm Hmtyan Slrru?, 13.0. Philadelphia possesses no greater soul, no finer char¬ acter than the venerable Rev. John Bunyan Reeve, D.D., whom we are pleased to call the dean of the ministry of this city. He was born on October 29, 1831, at Mattituck, Suffolk County, N. Y., where he lived until seventeen years of age. As soon as he was old enough, he entered the public school of his native town and attended all or a part of each year until the autumn of 1848, when he went to New York City. Young Reeve obtained work in the metropolis and re¬ mained there for five years. He then entered New York Central College, at McGrawsville, Cortlandt County, New York, from which he graduated in 1858. In September of the same year, Mr. Reeve matriculated in Union Theologi¬ cal Seminary, N. Y., the first of his race to enter there, and graduated with honors three years later, in May, 1861. On June 4th, immediately after his graduation, he was ordained as a minister and installed as pastor of the Lombard Street Central Presbyterian Church of Philadelphia, where lie labored successfully for ten years. When, in 1871, Gen. O. O. Howard and the American Missionary Association were casting about for some one to organize and install a Theological Seminary at Howard University, they did not get a white man to- perform the task, but . they selected Dr. Reeve for that honor. He had already been elected Moderator of the Fourth Presbytery of Philadelphia in 1865 and Commissioner to the General As¬ sembly of that denomination in the same year. Lincoln University had honored him in 1870 with her first honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity, and now he was resigning his pastorate at Central to become the recipient of fresh 77 Who's Who In Philadelphia laurels as a testimonial to his thoroughness and ability in the capital city of the nation. The Howard Theological Department thrived and prospered under his administra¬ tion so well that after four years as instructor of this child of his creation. Dr. Reeve resigned to take up again his pastorate in this city, where the call had been held open for him for more than a year. Since his return in 1875, he has continued to minister to the congregation at Central, who fittingly celebrated his fiftieth year in the ministry in June, 1911. Not only the congregation of his church, but also the whole Presbytery of Philadelphia, white and colored, hon¬ ored the venerable Doctor on this occasion. The old church building in which he has worked so long was made the centre of the activities of this golden jubilee, and Dr. Reeve was the recipient, and very happily, too, of a purse of gold. Exercises were held in the church, at which the Presbytery passed congratulatory resolutions upon the long and suc¬ cessful career of its oldest pastor. A grand reception was tendered him in the evening of the gala day, and he was made to feel proud of the services he had rendered, the sac¬ rifices he had made, the life he had lived in the Christian work as a disseminator of the Gospel. In May, 1911, Dr. Reeve attended the fiftieth anniver¬ sary of his graduation and the reunion of his class at Union Theological Seminary, and out of the more than thirty who graduated a half century ago, only two, including himself, were present. A third happy event of this eventful year of his life was the celebration by his congregation and friends of his eightieth birthday on Oct, 29, 1911, at his home in the form of a surprise party and reception, which was largely attended. Dr. Reeve was married in May, 1864 to Jemimah E. Brown, of Brookyln, N. Y., who died in 1898, leaving two daughters, Anna H. Reeve, who very devotedlv remains 78 Who's Who In Philadelphia with her father as his housekeeper, in addition to her duties as a visiting school nurse, and Mrs. Mary I. Savoy. But with all his greatness, Dr. Reeve is extremely modest, al¬ ways preferring to remain in the background, although numerous honors and forefront occasions are constantly being thrust upon him. He has quietly assisted, with his counsel and his influence, many a young man who has come to this city a stranger. He assisted Rev. Matthew Ander¬ son in founding the Berean Institution as a missionary branch of Central church, and the writer of this sketch al¬ so acknowledges the benefits of the interest and influence of this venerable Christian gentleman. 79 Who's Who In Philadelphia Who's Who In Philadelphia Militant 31. IRobutamt. In King- and Queen County, Virginia, on July 12, 1861, W illiam J. Robinson was born. He was reared in New Kent County on a farm, where he remained until he was seventeen years of age. While here he was apprenticed to a carpenter, under whom he readily acquired a knowl¬ edge of the trade. In those days there was a scarcity of saw mills in that section of the country and young Robin¬ son found himself frequently cutting trees in the woods and then hewing out of them material out of which to build houses in the neighborhood. Upon leaving the farm he went to Richmond, Va., where he obtained work at his trade with a contractor, serving in such capacity for about eight years in all. It was during this time, when on a visit to his home in the country, that he met a young woman teaching school there who taught him to read and write. As he had never had an opportunity to attend school, Robinson welcomed this chance, limited though it was, to get a few of the rudiments of an education, the only chance he ever had. When the contractor with whom he worked was award¬ ed the contract for building the Virginia Union University, Robinson was one of the mechanics employed upon the work, and when, after finishing this operation, the same contractor went to New York to build a three-hundred- fifty-thousa,nd-dollar barn for John D. Rockefeller, Mr. Robinson was the first carpenter, although colored, select¬ ed to go on the job. His next good fortune was his en¬ gagement to work on the University of Chicago buildings, another Rockefeller institution, where he continued his proficient work, and from there he returned to New York to work on the mansion of John D. Rockefeller, Jr. 1 his work completed, he then went to Bryn Mawr, Pa., to assist in constructing the half-million-dollar Rockefellei I rail. About ten years ago Mr. Robinson came to Philadel¬ phia, where the great prejudice towards his race, especially in mechanical and building trades, forced him to set up a 81 Who's Who In Philadelphia business for himself. From jobbing he grew into building and is now a prosperous contractor. In spite of his meagre chances for acquiring education and the fact that he has "never been to school," he is now able to "plan and figure up anything necessary" to his building operations. He has recently finished a ten-thousand-dollar church building in LaMotte, Pa., having had at the same time about twelve thousand dollars worth of other contracts. He employes colored mechanics on all of his operations, does business through a colored bank, through which he passed more than $4000.00 between Oct. 15th and Dec. 15th, 1910. He carries a life insurance policy of $6000.00, and one in the Keystone Aid Society (colored) of $100. He is a member of Cherry Memorial Baptist Church and also of the Citi¬ zens' Republican Club. His real estate holdings consist of a home at 1520 S. ®|h St., where he lives with his wife and family, another home in Richmond, Ya., and a farm also in Virginia. Last year his contract operations aggre¬ gated more than $25,000. The following was clipped from a report of the Arm¬ strong Association in the "Philadelphia Courant:" "Mr. Robinson has had wide experience of the most practical during his ten years' residence in this city. His work as contractor and builder has included that of the most costly and intricate. He has met all competitors and made good. Besides building Pennsylvania Hall at Down- ingtown, Mr. Robinson remodeled the Keystone Aid build¬ ing, the Makel building, and the People's Bank building, (Philadelphia). The addition to the Citizens' Republican Club is also his work. Several churches in our city have been renovated or remodeled by him, and a large number of private residences have been altered and improved through the work of this Afro-American contractor. It is hoped that the record of Contract"," Robinson and that of other Afro-American contractors and builders will prove an inspiration to our citizens to give these men a chance to compete on an equal footing with the white contractors for the work done.". 82 Who's Who In Philadelphia JOSEPH TURPIN SETH. To be a real Philadelphian, to be able to trace the roots of one's family tree for decades or generations through the past annals of this historic city, is the coveted pride of many, but the privilege of few. About the middle of the nineteenth century there was ushered into existence a rep¬ resentative of the third generation of one of the city's old¬ est families, Joseph Turpin Beth, whose three living chil¬ dren are members of the fourth generation. Having completed the grammar school course, this genealogical scion further prepared himself for the educa¬ tional side of life in the Institute for Colored Youth. Fol¬ lowing this, he worked at the clothing business in the em¬ ploy of his uncle, J. C. Bowers, for fifteen years, when he entered the undertaking establishment of his aunt, Mrs. 83 Who's Who In Philadelphia Henrietta S. Duterte, 519 S. 9th St. This enterprise had been established in 1852 by Francis A. Duterte, Seth's uncle and by trade a cabinet maker, who died in 1858, and upon whose demise his widow took up the business. So far as we find record, she was the first woman of any race to engage operatively in undertaking and embalming in this country. For eighteen years, about ten of which he was general manager of the establishment, until his aunt's death in 1903, Mr. Seth was her assistant, and to him she left her interests in it. The high standard of business efficiency and professional integrity established by its founders has been mantained by its present encumbent, and the thoroughness of its training is demonstrated by not only Mr. Seth's suc¬ cess as an undertaker, but also by that of Mr. James H Irvin, whose sketch appears in this collection, both ot whom are products of this institution. Mr. Seth was married on May 25, 1887, to Miss Felicia Ramsey, a sister of Mrs. W. W. Still, and will this year celebrate his silver wedding anniversary. His son, Joseph, is associated with him in business, one son is dead, and two daughters, Henrietta and Alice, are yet a part of his household. The whole family except his wife are birth¬ right members of St. Thomas P. E. Church, of which Mr. Seth was for a number of years a vestryman. Mrs. Seth is a member of Cherry Memorial Baptist Church. Among Mr. Seth's real estate holdings are his business and resi¬ dence properties at 517 and 519 S. 9th St. He is a member of the Sons of St. Thomas, Good Samaritans, True Reform¬ ers, Elks and Odd Fellows societies, the Pa. State Under¬ takers' Assn., Trades Assn., a trustee of the Quaker City Beneficial Assn., a Director of Eden and Merion Cemetery companies, member of the Citizens' Club and a Director and Vice-President of the People's Savings Bank. 84 Who's Who In Philadelphia Aitm 40. Situa. Sincerity of purpose is one of the attributes of suc¬ cessful activity. This quality is one that can be easily de¬ fined in the character and expression of Anna M. Titus, a native of Princeton, N. J. During early childhood, she at¬ tended the public schools of the town of her birth, but the age of fifteen years found her in Salem, Mass., where she was attending the normal school when her father died and she was forced to return to her home, then in Philadelphia, and go to work to support her invalid mother. As dressmaking seemed to appeal to her, she secured employment and learned the trade, at which she worked for ten years. But her desire to do for others as well as herself directed her attention to social settlement work and she became a worker in the Eighth Ward Settlement at 922 Locust street. After two years there. Miss Titus began working in Spring Street Mission, which was just being or¬ ganized, about 1906, and her zeal was so great that she was chosen as Plead Worker, by Mr. Ellwood Heacock and oth¬ ers of the Society of Friends, who founded the institution. Her energy and sincerity as a daily worker and visitor ami ng the people have constituted one of the chief factors in winning the neighborhood over to this institution for their uplift, and three years ago the work was incorporat¬ ed as a social settlement. As a member and worker of Lombard Street Central Presbyterian Church and a teacher in its Sunday School for a number of years, Miss Titus was receiving the train¬ ing to fit her for this work of moral uplifting among a class of people who are greatly in need of it. Her success is the proof of her sincerity of purpose. 85 Who's Who In Philadelphia HON. GEORGE H. WHITE, LL. D. It is both significant and fitting that the President of Philadelphia's only colored banking institution is the Hon¬ orable George H. White, the last member of his race to hold a seat in the National House of law makers of the United States, for almost his last act in Congress was the notable speech from the floor of the House, January 29, 1901, urging an appropriation of $1,000,000 to repay the wronged depositors of the defun'ct "I'reedman's Savings 86 Who's Who In Philadelphia and Trust Company," in which the United States Govern¬ ment had encouraged a few more than sixty-one thousand colored people to deposit and accumulate nearly three mil¬ lion dollars within a half dozen years after the Ciyil War. The "Official Congressional Directory For the Use of the United States Congress" in the 56th session contains the following summary of his life up to his last election to that body in 1898 :—"George Henry White, Republican, of Tarboro (N. C\), was born at Rosindale, Bladen County, N. C., December 18, 1852; attended the public schools of his State, and later was trained under Prof. D. P. Allen, President of the Whitten Normal School, at Lumberton, N. C.; afterwards entered Howard University, Washington, D. C.; he graduated from the eclectic department of that institution in the class of 1877; received the degree of M. A. from his alma mater, June, 1898, and that c-f LL.D. from Livingston College, Salisbury, N. C., and from Biddle Uni¬ versity, Charlotte, N. C., in 1896 ; read law while taking academic course, and completed his reading under Judge William J. Clarke, of North Carolina, and was licensed to practice in all the courts of that State by the Supreme Court, January, 1879 ; was principal of one of the State Normal and other schools in the State; was elected to the State House of Representatives in 1880 and to the State Senate in 1884; was elected Solicitor and IVosecuting Attorney for the Sec¬ ond Judicial District of North Carolina for four years in 1886, and for a like term in 1890 ; was a candidate for Con¬ gress in the Second District in 1894, and was nominated, but withdrew in the interest of harmony in his party; was a delegate-at-large to the St. Louis convention, and voted for the nomination of President McKinley; was elected to the Fifty-fifth Congress, and re-elected to the Fifty-sixth Congress, receiving 17,561 votes, to 14,947 for W. E. Foun¬ tain, Independent Democrat, 2447 for James B. Lloyd, Pop¬ ulist, and 324 for B. F. Aycock, Democrat." Mr. White's record in Congress is a thing of too public a record to be commented upon at length, but suffice it to say that lie was one of the prominent members, and was appointed on a number of committees during his incumbency. 87 Who's Who In Philadelphia When the Democrats got hold of the political machin¬ ery of his State and changed the State Constitution so that practically all of the Negroes were disfranchised, in 1898, Mr. White, foreseeing that conditions were no longer fav¬ orable to his residence and the successful practice of his pro¬ fession in that community, moved to Washington, D. C., where he practiced law, after the expiration of his term as Representative from North Carolina, until 1905, when he came to Philadelphia, where he has a substantial and grow¬ ing practice. In 1901 he bought a tract of two thousand acres of fertile land in Cape May County, N. J., and found¬ ed the town of WTitesboro, with one thousand acres of lots and one thousand of small farms. These are being sold to colored people, who constitute the entire population of the place, and already the town has nearly 300 inhabitants, a good school, two churches, a railway station, hotel, post- office and telephone service. It is situated in a highly pro¬ ductive section of the State, eight miles from Cape May City and four miles from Cape May Court House, with the markets of numerous seashore resorts within a few miles of it for the sale of its produce, and is, itself, only two and a half miles from the ocean. This and other of his activities speak well for his constructive ability. Besides being President of the People's Savings Bank, which was chartered in September, 1907, Mr. White is At¬ torney, General Manager, Secretary and Treasurer of the George H. White Land and Improvement Co., of which he is almost three-fourths owner; a Trustee of Biddle Uni¬ versity ; has served as a member of the Douglass Hospital and the Berean School boards; is attorney for the Banner Real Estate Co., and the Keystone Aid Society; a Director of the Home for the Protection of Colored Women ; and a 33rd degree Mason, having been for six years Grand Master in North Carolina. In addition to his WhitesHro holdings, he owns a farm in his native State, a home on Eighteenth street, in Washington, D. C., and his home and business headquarters at 1508 Lombard street, Philadelphia, where, his wife being dead, he lives with his son, George H.. Jr., and daughter, Mary A. White. 88 Who's Who In Philadelphia JAMES HENRY WILLIAMS. 89 Who's Who In Philadelphia dlames ijntrg BiUiattts. The first son of Carter and Elizabeth Williams was born on October 23, 1864, in Philadelphia. This boy, James Henry Williams, was educated in the Quaker schools, grad¬ uating from the Institute for Colored Youth in 1882. He immediately received an appointment as a teacher in the State Normal School at Salisbury, N. C., where he serv¬ ed in the capacity of assistant principal. Having passed the civil service examination, he returned to Philadelphia and entered the postal service as clerk in 1884. Two years later Young Williams accepted the principalship of a school in Elizabethtown, Ky., for one year, and then a similar posi¬ tion for a like term in Louisville, Ky. Upon returning home this time he entered the employment of his father, who had been in the upholstery business for about twenty years. This enterprise later became "C. Williams & Sons," and on the death of his father, a few years ago, James H. succeed¬ ed to the business. Among his patrons are some of the most aristocratic people of the city. Besides being a successful business man and real estate owner, Mr. Williams is a Vestryman and Secretary of St. Thomas' P. E. Church, member of the Sons of St. Thomas, Citizens' Republican Club, P>oard of Managers of Douglass Hospital, of which he is also Secretary, and a stockholder and member of the Board of Managers of Merion Cemetery Company. He has a beautiful home and a vivacious wife at 92? South Fifteenth street. 90 Who's Who In Philadelphia JOHN RICHARD WILLIAMS. 91 Who's Who In Philadelphia Sfllm 2Urljarh UilltantB. The present site of the Gladstone Apartment House, on South Eleventh Street, was, on August 8, 1870, the birth place of John Richard Williams, one of nine children of Carter and Mrs. Elizabeth Williams. As the father was conducting a successful upholstering business at Twelfth and Walnut streets, and was able to give his children the advantages of an education, John's schooling began at the old Raspberry Alley School, when Miss Minton was its principal. Later he attended the school at Twelfth and Lo¬ cust Streets, and finished his education at the Institute for Colored Youth. While attending the Trades School, at Fifteenth and Locust streets, young Williams did most of the drawing of the plans for the manufacture of articles of beaten metal in that institution for two terms, so well had he applied himself to his studies. After leaving school, Willflms took up the trade of up¬ holstery, which he learned in his father's shop, and at which he worked there among the rest of the white and colored employes for several years. Being a close observer of everything, he soon became one of the most proficient tradesmen about the place, and, indeed, the finer part of the work was gradually put upon him almost entirely. After being married to Miss Susan R. Saunders, in 1896, Air. Wil¬ liams found the work with his father not sufficiently lucra¬ tive for his needs, so about the first of October, 1905, he opened a shop on Seventeenth street above Chestnut under the name of Williams & Chew, his partner being the hus¬ band of his wife's sister, and embarked in the upholstering business for himself. It was with much hesitation that he took this step, and there were many discouraging months cf anxious waiting for the development of the business, but his plucky wife urged him on by her counsel and spurred him along with her constant presence in the clerical depart¬ ment of the enterprise, even to the neglect of her home du¬ ties, while he attended to the mechanical and business end of the establishment, so that now, after six years of keep¬ ing "everlastingly at it," Mr. and Mrs. Williams,—for his 92 Who's Who In Philadelphia wife has been his only clerk and manager of the business during- that time,—are making a comfortable living out of it. He gladly acknowledges that without her the venture would have failed years ago. There is probably no man in Philadelphia who is more attentive to the many and minute details of his trade and business than Mr. Williams, and it is this trait that is re¬ sponsible for his success. No person with whom he deals can suggest anything too elaborate or too novel for him to supply. He has invented and designed a number of articles for his trade, among which are several different kinds of tables, including an adjustable pedestal table, an improved canopy awning frame and several minor devices. He manu¬ factures his own goods, as he is thoroughly acquainted with his trade, and is ever on the alert for some criticism of his patrons upc-n his wares, in order that he may improve upon the situation or remove the objection. No prospective cus¬ tomer can desire anything for an approaching party, ban¬ quet or wedding which he will not supply, even if he has to design and make it for the occasion, and his initiative has caused many delightful and attractive innovations in the furnishings for numerous functions in and about Philadel¬ phia, of which other men in his line had hardly dreamed. He has a patent now pending for one of his inventions. His business is well known and patronized among the wealthy and representative people of Philadelphia and other sur¬ rounding towns and cities, including the "Main Line" resi¬ dents. Kor some time after the establishment of his place of business six years ago-, Mr. Williams was instructor of up¬ holstery at the Berean Institution, but the growth of his en¬ terprise forced him to resign that very pleasant work. On October 1, 1911, he was compelled to move into larger quar¬ ters, which he found at No. 24 South Seventeenth Street, and where he has a very attractive office and shop. He is a member of the Citizens' Republican Club and of the Bache¬ lors' and Benedicts' Club, while Mrs. Williams is a singer of local note and a member of Lombard Street Central Pres¬ byterian Church and its choir and auxiliaries. They have just bought a fine home in West Philadelphia. 93 Who's Who In Philadelphia MRS. FRANCES E. W. HARPER, one of our foremost of womsti writers, who died within the past year. Loaned by the Philadelphia "Courant." 94 Who's Who In Philadelphia FREDERICK DOUGLASS MEMORIAL HOSPITAL. 95 Who's Who In Philadelphia ltfn>itertrk iflitglasa Memorial IfyaBpital. Sixteen years ago the Frederick Douglass Memorial Hospital and Training School was founded by Dr. Nathan F. Mossell, the first Negro graduate in medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. It was then located in a little residence building on Lombard street, but it outgrew its quarters within a few years and is now housed in a large, new and well-equipped brick and stone building near Sixteenth and Lombard streets. Provident Hospital, Chicago, was the first such insti¬ tution in the North for and controlled by colored people, but Philadelphia was not long thereafter without one. As the present building, erected at a cost of $118,000, was com¬ pleted only two years ago, it has, therefore, had the advantage of the most recent hospital models for emula¬ tion, so that it is now "the largest and best-equipped hos¬ pital controlled by colored people in the United States." This institution, which is the result of the untiring efforts of its founder, has treated about 45,000 patients, about 10 per centum of which were "in-patients." The colored peo¬ ple have raised, by donations, entertainments and collec¬ tions, more than $77,000 for it, the State has appropriated $86,000 for maintenance and $18,000 for building purposes, and through the kindness of Mr. George W. Ochs, editor and proprietor of the Philadelphia "Public Ledger," who devoted the columns of his journal to the solicitation of public donations, a sum of $15,000 was recently raised to liquidate a pressing debt. Eight classes of nurses have been graduated during its existence and a large number of physicians have been benefited by practice in its clinics. Dr. N. F. Mossell, the Superintendent and Medical Direc¬ tor, has associated with him on the consulting staffs both white and colored physicians. 96 Who's Who In Philadelphia Who's Who In Philadelphia Who's Who In Philadelphia spring istort i>ptUemettt J he influence of the "Pennsylvania Society for Pro¬ moting the Abolition of Slavery and the Relief of Free Negroes Unlawfully Held in Bondage and for Improving the Condition of the African Race," which was founded in 1775 by Benjamin Franklin, Dr. Benjamin Rush and others, is yet felt in Philadelphia through Spring Street Settle¬ ment. This institution was brought into existence in 1906 as a result of the activity of Mr. Ellwood Heacock, Secre¬ tary of the Abolition Society, and other members of the Society of Friends. It was intended to be "A neighbor¬ hood work for colored boys and girls, and a civic centre of good influence for their people," and it is serving well its purpose. Mr. Heacock is one of the few really sincere white people in the advocacy of the rights of the people of color, and as a result Spring Street Settlement has a larger rep¬ resentation of people of Negro descent on its official list than any other such work in the city. One of the four Vice Presidents, several members of the Beard of Direc¬ tors, the Head (resident) AVorker and nearly all of the other workers are colored people, among whom are a University law student, High School students, public school teachers, a newspaper editor and several other peo¬ ple of the intelligent class. Miss Anna M. Titus, whose sketch is included herein, has exerted a telling influence upon the inhabitants of its district, and the settlement has been the instigator of numerous improvements and re¬ forms in the life of the neighborhood. With the assist¬ ance of the Abolition Society an addition, which is very much needed, is about to be built to the present quarters, so that it is expected to be soon one of the most modernly equipped in the city. 99 Who's Who In Philadelphia 100 Who's Who In Philadelphia iUrrry Iiospital. To further supply the needs of colored physicians and of the people in general of Philadelphia, Mercy Hospital and Training- School was founded four years ago by Doc¬ tors Eugene T. Hinson, whose sketch appears in this col¬ lection ; E. C. Howard, Algernon B. Jackson and others. It is now located in a three-sjfory tenement building at Seventeenth and Fitzwater streets, but the corporation has purchased the adjoining lot also, and plans are already on foot for the erection of a large, new, modern hospital edifice on these properties. On Lincoln's Birthday, this year, Mayor Blankenburg, of this city, turned the first shovelful of dirt for the building, which will be dedicated the Lincoln Memorial. The institution is doing excellent work, and both this and Douglass Hospitals have been patronized by both white and colored people since their organization. 101 Who's Who In Philadelphia BETHEL AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, the mother of all the churches of that great denomination, founded by Richard Allen, who withdrew from the white church in this city in 1787, and who became the first A. M. E. Bishop. His grave is located in the basement of this structure, which is situated on Sixth Street be¬ low Pine. Value, $100,000. 102 Who's Who In Philadelphia WWWWm-r-JIK ALLEN A. M. E. CHURCH Seventeenth and Bainbridge Streets, founded in 1873, by Rev. Theo¬ dore Gould, of this city. Value $50,000. (Loaned by Phila. "Courant.") 103 A. M. E. UNION CHURCH, Sixteenth Street and Fairmount Avenne. (Loaned by Phila "Courant.") Who's Who In Philadelphia fygo/vT {T2 & SAT-/CL,y LAMOTT A. M. E. CHURCH, built by William J. Robinson. (Loaned by Phila. "Courant.") INTERIOR OF ST JOHN'S A. M. E. CHURCH, Paschall. (Loaned by Pliila. "Courant.") o •<1 3 ST (zT O H-H tr • ST d> •c tr p' WESLEY (FIRST) A. M. E. Z10N CHURCH, Fifteenth and Lombard Streets. (Loaned by Phila. "Courant.") INTERIOR OF CALVARY M. E. CHURCH, Broad Street, below Fitzwater, of which Rev. C. A. Tindley has been pastor for ten years. (Loaned by Phila. "Conrant.") Who's Who In Philadelphia CHERRY MEMORIAL BAPTIST CHURCH, Sixteenth and Christian Streets, on the day of its dedication. (See page 45.) Value, $100,000. (Loaned by the Sumner "Press," 1513 South Street.) 109 Who's Who In Philadelphia HOLY TRINITY BAPTIST CHURCH, Bambridge Street, below Nineteenth, built under the pastorate of Rev Lr. L. P. Taliaferro. (Loaned by the Phila. "Courant.") 110 Who's Who In Philadelphia ZION BAPTIST CHURCH, Thirteenth Street, below Melon. (Loaned by the Phila. "Courant.") Ill to BEREAN INSTITUTION, South College Avenue, above Nineteenth Street, founded by Rev. Mat¬ thew Anderson, in 1881, with the assistance of Rev. John B. Reeve, D.L)., as a mission of Central Presbyterian Church. (Loaned by the Phila. "Courant.") £T O tr o 1—'• ST Q. tr Seventeenth and Fitzwater Streets, See page 66. Who's Who In Philadelphia CRUCIFIXION PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH, Bainbridge, above Eighth Street. 114 Who's Who In Philadelphia PARISH HOUSE OF CRUCIFIXION CHURCH, Eighth Street, above Bainbridge, in which the Negro Historical So¬ ciety's collection is housed through the kindness of Rev. H. L. Phillips. 115 Who's Who In Philadelphia Lombard Street, below Ninth, of which Rev. Dr. J. B. Reeve has been pastor for more than fifty years, with the exception of four years spent at Howard University. (See page 77.) CENTRAL PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 116 Who's Who In Philadelphia ST. THOMAS (FIRST AFRICAN ) PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH Twelfth, below Walnut Street, founded in 1794 by Absalom Jones, and said to be the first colored church in this country. Value approximated at $150,000. 117 oo 3 tr 0 =r ST. PETER CLAVER'S SCHOOL, (Roman Catholic), Twelfth and Lombard Streets, built 1906. St. Peter Claver's Church, School and Rectory have been established by Rev. Father Plunkett at a cost of more than $100,000. There are about eight hundred colored Catholics in the parish. The church altar has two jeweled gold crowns, valued at $5000. Who's Who In Philadelphia DOWN1NGTOWN INDUSTRIAL AND AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE, Downingtown, Pa., founded by the late John S. Trower, one of Phila¬ delphia's wealthiest caterers. (See page 4(1.) 125 Who's Who In Philadelphia "the home-atemporary shelter and friendtothe; friendless" Association for the Protection of Colored Women. 1508 Catherine^St. 126 Who's Who In Philadelphia RELIABLE MUTUAL AID SOCIETY BUILDING. See paj