PENNSYLVANIA . :;0WARD & 3CN pyBLlGHEHS ' 77.- ' ' • ''' PA" Robert W. Woodruff Library EMORY UNIVERSITY Special Collections & Archives Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory ILLUSTRATED 1910 Industrial and Material Growth of the Negroes of Pennsylvania COPYRIGHTED. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED JAS. H. W. HOWARD & SON, Publishers HARRISBURG, PA. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page. Advertisements, 4-16 Officers Grand Lodges, 17 Publishers' Note, 3 Comment, 19 Pennsylvania and Its Colored People, 20 Schools and Institutions, 22 Institutions Opened to Colored Youth, 23 Industrial Training Schools, 24 Avery College Training School, 24 Berean Manual Training and Industrial School, 26 Downingtown Industrial School, 27 Adams County, 134 Allegheny County, 29,41,134 Beaver County, 42 Bedford County, 47 Berks County, 48 Blair County, 50 Bradford County, 55 Cambria County, 57 Centre County, 58 Chester County, 59 Clinton County, 70 Crawford County, 69 Cumberland County, r 71 Dauphin County, 77 Delaware County, 96 Elk County, 98 Erie County, 98 Fayette County, 102 Franklin County, 107 Huntingdon County, 109 Lackawanna County, 110 Lancaster County, 112 Lawrence County, 116 Lehigh County, 118 Luzerne County, 119 Lycoming County, 125 McKean County, 132 Montgomery County, 132 Northampton County, 133 Philadelphia County, 136 Venango County, 143 Washington County, 145 "Westmoreland County, 154 York County, 157 Publishers' Note The publishers of this Directory wish to express their thanks to the many persons who so kindly aided them in ob¬ taining information for the book. "We are indebted to such a large number that it would be utterly impossible to single out one to whom we owe a less debt of gratitude than another. The county officials in every county we have visited have been uniformly kind in assisting us to obtain the assessed valua- Layton Leroy Howard tion of the property owned by the Negroes. Not only were they kind but very courteous and invariably manifested a deep interest in our work, after the object was once under¬ stood. We trust that this manner of expressing our gratitude and thanks to each and every one who have in any way what¬ ever contributed toward our efforts in the compilation of this work, will be accepted as sincerely tendered, and with last¬ ing gratitude by the Publishers. Jas. H. W. Howard & Son. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Overton's Express and Van Line Expert Furniture Packers and Handlers Movers of Pianos, Safes and all kinds of Machinery LATEST HOISTS 79 South Pennsylvania Ave. WILKES-BARRE, PA. T. H. WYNDER Furniture Baggage and Freight Line 93 Hickory St. WILKES-BARRE, PA. People's Phone 1638 W. E. BROWN Van Line PIANO and FURNITURE MOVING NEW PHONE 723 20 Moyallen St.,Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Edward Brown & Company HANDLER OF Freight, Furniture, Baggage Pianos, Safes am Machinery No. Ill Hickory Street and No. 2 Blake Lane WILKES - BARRE, PA. CAREFUL MEN EMPLOYED 224^B ^ New and Old Phones READ Clje 2Mlftes*Barre 2U)toocate Issued Every Thursday Devoted to General News and Afro-American Progress J. SMITH WILLIAMS, Publisher WILKES-BARRE, PA. Subscription Prices : One year, - - $1.25 Six months, - - .65 Three months, - - .40 AGENTS WANTED Sample Copies Mailed. Free Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 5 JOHN F. MADDEN Contractor Brick and Cement Paving OF ALL KINDS Cor. 9th Avenue and 24th Street ALTOONA, PA. OLLIE ORBISON'S NEWS AGENCY Stationery and Novelty Store 1711 Eleventh ALTOONA, PA. The Latest Song Words and Music by William Heywood Washington Altoona, Pa. "Is There No Kind Remembrance of Me?" song and chorus Special Rates to Music Dealers for sale by William Heywood Washington ALTOONA, PA. THE Stag Pool Room Bridgeport Street J. W. HALL, Prop. BROWNSVILLE, PA. S. E. JOHNSTON Furniture Bought Sold and Repaired 517 South Street 1330 and 1332 Thompson Street HARRISBURG, PA. 6 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Groceries and Provisions Full Stock of Groceries, Fresh Butter and Eggs 12th Ward Grocery Co. 634 Erie Avenue WILLIAMSPORT, PA. Watson's Hotel ALONZO WATSON PROPRIETOR ERIE AVE. AND WALNUT ST. WILLIAMSPORT, PA. BOTH PHONES W. A. AULSTON LAUNDRY 575 E. Third Street WILLIAMSPORT, PA. JOHN J. STRICKLAND FOR Cleaning Pressing and Repairing Clothes of all kinds for Men and Women Shop: 606 Spruce Street WILLIAMSPORT, PA. BELL PHONE 380 Y Wilson's Corn Salve PRICE, 15 CENTS PREPARED BY JAMES R. WILSON HARRISBURG, PA. WILSON'S H0-L0N-0L For Articular or Muscular Rheumatism, Lumbago, Sciatica, Headache, Frosted Feet, Neuralgia, Sprains, Aches, and Pains of any description HO-LON-OL is a remedy of re¬ markable power. P. O. BOX 331 Mail Orders Promptly Attended to JAMES R. WILSON Manufacturer HARRISBURG, PA. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 7 First-class Service American Phone The Delmar House Boarding and Lodging EUROPEAN PLAN RANDOLPH & CO., Prop. South and Short Streets HARRISBURG, PA. LeabeOrders atTennsylbania 'Baggage Room Your Patronage Solicited Harrison Moore Baggage Transferred to Any Part of the City at a Reasonable Trice 33 Manning Street OIL CITY, PA. Bell Phone 9492, or Petroleum Phone 144 Central Hotel, calls will receive prompt at¬ tention either day or night. Lodging by the Day or Week Accommodations for Ladies and Gentlemen No. 12 E. Washington St., Bradford, Pa. MRS. E. L. MYERS MOUNT'S TARGET PASTERS IN TUBES - International Improved Protective Hotel Waiters9 Association Protection of Hotel Waiters Protection of Hotel Proprietors Incorporated, Perpetual Charter ALL HOTEL MEN SHOULD JOIN THIS ASSOCIATION For full information, address CHARLES H. PLUMMER, President BRUNSWICK HOTEL W. M. MILLER, Secretary UNIONTOWN, PA. Most convenient and up-to-date method of handling Target Pasters Send 30 cents for sample by mail 7A, in. Pasters in tubes per 1000, 50 cents. In lots of 10,000 or more, 40 cents per 1,000. Tube Holder 10 Cents MOUNT TARGET PASTER COMPANY 1218 State Street, Erie, Pa. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Drew's Palm Garden Ladies' and Gent's Restaurant and Ice Cream Parlors OYSTERS IN SEASON Served in Every Style MEALS AT ALL HOURS Special Dining Room for Ladies 1833 W. Third Street CHESTER, PA. Fine Cigars and Tobacco C. W. STROTHERS UP-TO-DATE Pool and Billiard Parlors 432 South Street Harrisburg, Pa. C. H. DAVIS Groceries Dry Goods Clothing BOOTS AND SHOES and General Merchandise COURTNEY, PA. Ladies' and Gent's Tailoring «H Cleaning, Dyeing and Pressing. €}| Clothes called for and deliv¬ ered to any part of the city. €JjSpecial attention given to Cleaning, Dyeing and Repairing. ELMER E. HUNTER 510 E. State St., Harrisburg, Pa. Billiard and Pool Parlors Cigars and Tobacco 504 SOUTH ST. CHARLES E. SCOTT HARRISBURG Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 9 PHONE P. & A. CAFE OPEN AT 2782-M ALL HOURS Pittsburg's Leading Colored Hotel HOTEL ROYAL WILLIAM G. GREEN Proprietor Strictly First-Class Up-to-date Accommodations Special Rates to Theatrical Companies and Railroad Porters 81 Fulton Street Pittsburg, Pa. G. W. BROWN Drayman and Rigger Storing, Transferring and Forwarding Largest and Most Complete Warehouse in Eastern Pennsylvania. Padded Vans for Furniture. Pianos a Specialty, OFFICE • Lack'a Ave. and Cliff St. RESIDENCE: 210 Robinson St. Both Phones SCRANTON, PA. George T. Harding Dealer in all kinds of Tin and Sheet Iron Roofing Spouting, Etc. Furnace Work and General Repairing BOTH PHONES AT RESIDENCE Shop: 130 Thirteenth Street FRANKLIN, PA. EUGENE COLE D. THORNELL Big 8 Pressing Parlor Pressing, Cleaning and Repairing Bell Telephone 359 12 E. Washington St., Bradford, Pa. Bill Boards and Stands Permanently Located on all the Principal Streets and Street Railways of the City. The J. G. Loving City Bill Posting Co. Licensed Commercial Bill Posters and General Out Door Advertisers Members of the International Association of Distributors, Etc. J. G. LOVING, Agent THE ASTRUP MANUFACTURING CO. Manufacturers of AWNINGS, TENTS, FLAGS, COVERS, ETC. Cleveland, Ohio NEW CASTLE, PA. $1.50 the Year 5c. the Copy READ THE Advocate Verdict A Weekly Newspaper PUBLISHED BY THE Douglass Development Co. HARRISBURG, PA. Devoted to the Interest of the Colored Race LARGELY CIRCULATED All the News about the Race W. JUSTIN CARTER, Pres. W. H. CRAIGHEAD, Manager J. W. CRAIGHEAD, Sec'y & Treas 10 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Powhattan Bolden Cash Grocer 130 N. Lincoln St. WASHINGTON, PENNA. Barber Shop Cigars and Tobacco Cafe and Restaurant TOBIAS & WILSON General Blacksmithing Horse Shoeing a Specialty Vicious Horses Shod in Stocks Brownson Ave. WASHINGTON, PA. MEAL AT ALL HOURS 147 No. Lincoln Street WASHINGTON, PA. WILLIAM ALLEN Proprietor BELL PHONE 812-J Washington Tailoring Co. JOHN F. WARE, JR., Manager Custom and Merchant Tailors 160 NORTH MAIN STREET Clothes Cleaned, Dyed, Sewed, Altered and Repaired Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 11 ANDREW J. WHITE Confectionery Groceries Cigars and Tobacco Majestic Cafe 749 East Main Street JOHNSTOWN, PA. City Phone 2649 West Side Department Store J. W. JOHNSON DEALER IN BICYCLES aid SUNDRIES Second-hand Bicycles Sold on Commission New Bicycles and Repairing a Specialty Cigars, Tobacco and Stationery 614 Market Street, Kingston, Pa. NEW TELEPHONE 8141 Evans' Restaurant Hotel Accommodations Centrally Located Special Rates for Board by Day or Week 256 So. Washington Street GETTYSBURG, PA. PHONE 143 L W. H. EVANS, Proprietor C. A. ANDERSON Musical Instruments VIOLINS MANDOLINS BANJOS GUITARS and TRIMMINGS Book and Sheet Mnsic Repairing Instruments a Specialty Instructions given in Instrumental Music. String and Brass Music Furnished for all Occasions. (At the Barber Shop) No. 12 So. Ave., Media, Pa. BUY STOCK IN THE Union Casket and Manufacturing Co. (INCORPORATED) JOHN A. REED, President Media. Pa. ALFRED C. ANDERSON, Vice President Media, Pa. WM. FURRELL, Rec. Sce'y Media, Pa. ALFRED GOVENS, Financial Sec'y Media, Pa. NATHAN LOCKWOOD, Treasurer Media, Pa. i SAMUEL BLACK Wilmington, Del. OFFICES AND FACTORY 104 North Orange Street Media, Pa. Monongahela Fish Market D. B. GAMBLE, Manager Fresh Fish, Oysters and Sea Foods Fourth Street MONONGAHELA, PA. CHARLES WHEELER Express 23 Stark Street, West Pittston Coal, Wood, Ashes and all kinds of Hauling Odds and Ends Promptly Attended to 12 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Creamery Lunch Room Cor. W. Pittsburgh St. and Penna. Ave. GREENSBURG, PA. SABELLA WHITE, Prop'r. M. V. WHITE, Mgr First Class Meals and Quick Lunch Open from 6 A. M. until 2 A. M. Eerything Fresh and Clean Polite Attention Always POOL ROOM—NEW TABLES Orchestra, Mandolin and Guitar Clubs For All Occasions TERMS VERY REASONABLE THE BURRIS Musical Studio $ocal an& instrumental 665 Briggs Street HARRISBURG, PA. . HARMONY and PIANO-Mrs. S. E. Burris STRING and VOCAL-Mr. S. E. Buni. Boarding and Lodging. Restaurant MEALS SERVED AT ALL HOURS Special attention given to persons desiring to give private dinners or suppers. Accommodations for Theatrical Companies and Traveling Public BOARD BY THE DAY OR WEEK 515 South Street, Harrisburg, Pa. MRS. GERTRUDE RICHARDSON Proprietress GO TO—OR SEND TO Parson's Pharmacy FOR Anything in the Drug Line Prescriptions and Compounding Our Specialty. Come, Phone or Send SPECIAL DELIVERY ^ H. EDWIN PARSON Corner Fifth and South Streets HARRISBURG, PA. telephone 1297 a Massage Treatments WILLIAM A. ARCHER MASSEUR BATHS turkish vapor soda sea salt sulphur shower plain 603-604 LINCOLN BUILDING JOHNSTOWN, PA. W. S. PENN IS PREPARED TO DO ALL KINDS OF Asphalt, Gravel, Pitch Or Ready Roofing and Roof Painting No. 400 Bedford Street JOHNSTOWN, PA. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 13 ROYAL CAFE G. W. WICKS, Proprietor 101 East Chestnut Street WASHINGTON, PA. PHONE 579 L-Ring 2 Eagle Pool Room G. Y. FIELDS, Proprietor Comer Main and Chestnut Streets WASHINGTON, PA. ADAM J. HIGHGATES Artistic Paper Hanger and Job Painter House Painting and Graining Done on Short Notice. No. 201, Cor. Lincoln and Walnut Stf. WASHINGTON, PENNA. FRED STEEN Cash Grocer and Provisions JAMES A. PATTERSON S. J. PATTERSON S. J. PATTERSON & SON Practical Tile Layers Estimates Cheerfully Given on all kinds of Tile Work Agents for First-Class Wood Mantels 117 Hickory St. Wilkes-Barre, Pa. People's Telephone, 1638-R NEW PHONE 1222 DR. OVERTON Chiropody and Dermatology Specialist of Scalp, Skin and Feet Cor. Adams and Miner Sts. WEST CHESTER, PA. 4 E. Market Street WILKES-BARRE, PA. 14 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Complete Accommodations Special Rates for Professional People NEWPORT HOTEL CHARLES (better known as Susky) BATTLE Proprietor 307-309-311 Center Street SCRANTON, PA. J. F. PAGE 219 E. MAIN ST. Buys and Sells all kinds of Second Hand Goods If you have any Second Hand Articles you wish to dispose of, let me know. Bell Phone 149-r. JOHN F. PAGE Proprietor of Up-to-date 24 Room Lodging House Strictly Modern Improvements together with Hot and Cold Water J3aths FOR COLORED ONLY Bell Phone 149 R 319 E. Main St., Uniontown, Pa. ALAMANZA PORTER Wholesale Dealer in Rags, Paper Stock and Metals WAREHOUSE AND OFFICE: Albright Avenue and Providence Road SCRANTON, PA. Bell Phone 1260-B2 Cutting and Curling Children's Hair a Specialty Mrs. N. J. Mosebay Manufacturer and Dealer in all kinds of Human Hair Goods Manicuring Shampooing, Hair Dressing Plain and Electrical Massage 161 South Main Street, Washington, Pa. The Best Groceries at the Lowest Prices Fresh Fish Thursday and Friday Butter and Eggs Fresh from the Farm Dairy Your Trial Order and Patronage Solicited EDWARD BUTLER Cor. East Main and Grant Sts. UNIONTOWJN, PA. Ladies' and Gent's RESTAURANT 208 NO. COLLEGE ST. Mrs. George D. Brooks, Proprietor. WASHINGTON, PENNA. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 15 All Business Strictly Confidential Hilton Detective Agency W. J. HILTON Licensed Detective 303 Main Street MONONGAHELA, PA. FEDERAL 'PHONE 26 Phones-. Bell, Walnut 366 Keystone, Race 860 JOHN A. SPARKS ATTORNEY-AT-LAW Bell Phone 9839 R-Grant P. and A. Phone 3381 M The Protective Brotherhood of the P. M. L. I. Co. In immediate benefit for all causes or ail¬ ments. Benefits cover sickness, accident, old age and death. Pay for the first week and at the end of each week. Pay during disability in grade N and in F after first year. SAVINGS FUND, LOANS and surren¬ ders after third year. We pay promptly—That's Everything. THOMAS T. JACKSON, Manager Notary Public 1505 Wylie Avenue PITTSBURG, PA. J. R. PULPRESS DEALER IN Fish, Oysters and Game STANDS: 76 and 78 Allegheny Market Bell Telephone 228 Cedar GREATER PITTSBURG, PA. First-Class Meals Good Accommodations TERRY HOUSE C. H. TERRY Proprietor 116 North Twelfth Street PHILADELPHIA, PA. 113 South Seventh Street READING, PA. 16 Pennsylvania, Negro Business Directory—1910. Boarding and Lodging Fine Apartments with Bath x The Best of Accommodation 528 Chew St. ALLENTOWN, PA. William Twyman, Prop. SCOTLAND & HIMES DEALERS IN New and Second Hand Furniture No. 1404-1406 Tenth Avenue ALT00NA, PA. BELL PHONE RESTAURANT Boarding and Lodging 137 No. West Street CARLISLE Caterer for Dickinson College NOAH H. PINKNEY Proprietor Dowing Coal Co. and General Contracting 901 23rd Street—Office RESIDENCE : 1322 Fourteenth Avenue ALTOONA, PA. IDA HOAGLAND FIRST CLASS Boarding and Rooming, Houses 401-403=403^ Hamilton St. ALLENTOWN, PA. Alto Furnished Rooms for Rent at East Allentown Tonsorial Artist Massage Hot and Cold Baths NINE CHAIRS QUICK SERVICE 1109/2 16th St., 1016 4th St. New Pool and Billiard Room SIX TABLES Cigars, Pipes and Tobacco EVERYTHING NEW 1324^ Tenth Avenue, Altoona W. M. SEWARD, Proprietor Cleaning and Dyeing Ladies' and Gent's Garments Satisfaction Guaranteed Come and Give Us a Call BOTH PHONES THOS. F. WHITE & CO. Cleaning, Dyeing and Repairing 1704 Union Ave., 1433 Eleventh Ave. ALTOONA, PA. We Will Call for and Deliver Goods to All Parts of the City. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 17 Officers of the United Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Pennsylvania James "W. Grant, M. W. G. M., Chosen Friends Lodge No. 43, Harrisburg; Winfield Carter, R. W. D. G. M., Lodge No. 12, Philadelphia; Nelson J. Miles, R. W. S. G. W., Lodge No. 13, Pittsburg; Jno. W. Smothers, R. W. J. G. W., Lodge No. 21, West Chester; Jos. L. Thomas, R. W. G. T., Lodge No. 43, Harrisburg; Wm. H. "Miller, G. S., Lodge No. 11, Philadel¬ phia; Thos. W. Collins, Asst. G. S., Lodge No. 12, Philadel¬ phia; Rev. J. W. Lee, G. C., Lodge No. 24; Rev. Jno. Q. Adams, G. C., Lodge No. 43, Harrisburg; Rev. R. J. "Williams, G. C., Lodge No. 42; Rev. Jno. B. Stansbury, G. C., Lodge No. 47; Lemuel Googins, G. L., Lodge No. 13, Pittsburg; J. L. Thomas, G. L., Lodge No. 43; J. D. Kelly, G. L., Lodge No. 48; Grand Deacons, Richard W. McCard, Lodge No. 55; Chas. W. Lee, Lodge No. 61. Grand Stewards, Jos. M. Staf¬ ford, Lodge No. 14; Frank Jefferson, Lodge No. 16. Grand Marshal, James M. Auter, Lodge No. 43; Grand Sword Bearer, Alfred N. Wright, Lodge No. 71; Grand Pursuviant, George Fulke, Lodge No. 18; Grand Tyler, David G. Clark, Lodge No. 11. Deputies: First Dist., Thos. W. Collins, Lodge No. 12; Second Dist., Jas. W. Nichols, Lodge No. 46; Third Dist., Jno. H. Pennington, Lodge No. 59; Fourth Dist., W. E. Fisher, Lodge No. 62; Fifth Dist., J. P. Scott, Lodge No. 43; Sixth Dist., D. P. Parker, Lodge No. 41; Seventh Dist., Jno. C. Morton, Lodge No. 36; Eighth Dist., Jno. S. Hicks, Lodge No. 68, Erie, Pa.; Ninth Dist., David T. Brown, Lodge No. 80; Chairman of Committee on Foreign Correspondence, Jno. P. Scott, Lodge No. 43; Chair¬ man of Committee on Landmark, Lemuel Googins; Chairman of Committee on Jurisprudence, W. H. Miller; Chairman on Appeals and Grievances, Jno. P. Scott; Finance, W. L. Un¬ derwood; Printing, W. H. Miller; Charity, W. H. Grobes; Trustees of Masonic Home, Ed. West Johnson, No. 36, Pitts¬ burg; Wm. T. Bolyar, No. 41, Altoona; Joshua D. Kelly, Sec., No. 48, Philadelphia; Jno. S. Hicks, Treas., No. 64, 18 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Erie; Jos. L. Thomas, No. 43, Harrisburg; Stephen Brown, Lodge No. 40; Harvey Robinson, No. 65, Allegheny; Jno. P. Scott, No. 43, Harirsburg; Rev. Jno. B. Stans- bury, No. 47, Philadelphia; Lemuel Googins, Sr., Pres., No. 13, Pittsburg; Geo. A. Howard, No. 12, Philadelphia; W. H. Miller, No. 11, Philadelphia; Jas. W. Nichols, No. 46, Chester; Ed. B. Vandyke, No. 9, Philadelphia; Rev. J1. Q. Adams, No. 43, Harrisburg. Grand Officers of Pennsylvania of G. U. O. of O. F. District Grand Master, Robert J. Nelson, Reading. District Deputy Grand Master, W. L. Underwood, Phila¬ delphia. District Grand Secretary, Joseph M. Stafford, Marietta. District Grand Treasurer, Chatham Gilbert, Pittsburg. District Grand Director, John Robinson, Williamsport. Grand Lodge Officers Knights of Pyihias of Pennsylvania B. G. Collier, G. C., Philadelphia; J. W. Jeffries, C. V., Braddock; W. D. Clinton, G. Prelate, Scottdale; M. C. Brown, G. M. 0. W., Philadelphia; W. D. Games, G. M. 0. E., Union- town ; W. L. Winston, G. K. 0. R. & S., No. 41 W. Main St., Uniontown; I. P. Townes, G. M. A. A., Carnegie; A. L. Brance, G. 0. G., Philadelphia; J. J. Jones, G. I. G., Monon- gahela; J. E. Brown, G. M. D., Pittsburg; W. H. Stanton, G. Atty., Pittsburg; G. G. Crampton, G. L. N. S., Pittsburg. Endowment Board, E. J. Waring, Sec., No. 2024 Catharine St., Philadelphia; Samuel Howard, Treas., Braddock; F. J. Brown, Pittsburg; R. A. Cooper, Philadelphia; J. R. Martin, Harrisburg; A. A. Clark, Pittsburg. Appointments, James Thorpe, G. T., Philadelphia; J. B. Jones, G. T., Pittsburg; C. H. Ridgely, G. T., Mt. Pleasant; R. A. Doyle, G. M., Phila¬ delphia. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 19 Comment The material and industrial development of the Negro in this State, is important both to the white and colored people. There is a rapid growing negro population in all of the larger cities, and less demand for their labor in the occupations they formerly followed for a living. Educated young men and women are entering into the field for employment, and looking for an opportunity to use their talents. It is apparent to every person who has stopped to give the question a moment's thought that the industrial field will sooner or later be invaded by the Negroes of Penn¬ sylvania. The cigar factories, shirt factories, knitting, silk and hosiery mills and other industrial plants must be operated by the capital of the Negroes, assisted by friendly whites, in order that respectable and paying employment may be fur¬ nished the negro boy and girl. Our observation and investigation discloses this, that the Negroes of Pennsylvania control over $15,000,000, this vast amount of money should mean much toward solving the in¬ dustrial problem, if the people who control it realize its value. We do not expect the negro to take to the farm land in this state, for there is no class of farmers that can compete with the thrifty Pennsylvania Dutch farmer. Then, besides the drift of the growing Negro population is to the large cities and towns. And we must find employment for them there, if we would save our boys and girls and make desirable citi¬ zens of them. Our contention is, that as it is shown that the Negroes of Pennsylvania by their thrift and energy, being about the poorest paid labor in the State, have amassed the immense sum of $15,000,000, it is up to them to learn to combine their powers and so invest their money in the es¬ tablishment of business and industrial enterprises that will give employment to the Negro people. Labor like any other commodity, is purchased, and when such great industrial, plants as the Park Brothers Black Diamond Mills, the Sligo Mills, the Edgar Thompson Steel Co., Westinghouse Electric Plant of Pittsburg, the Pennsylvania Steel Co., Central Iron 20 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. and Steel Co., Harrisburg Rolling Mill Co., of Harrisburg, the American Steel and Iron Co., of Reading, the Lukens Steel and Iron Co. and the Worth Bros. Steel and Iron Co., of Coatesville, and many other corporations throughout the State, give employment to Negro labor, skilled and common, it is evident that the labor market is an open'field, where a man's color has but little if any effect against his chances as a bread winner. Pennsylvania and Its Colored People Pennsylvania is the first northern State in point of Negro population, and affords as great, if not greater opportunities and privileges along all lines of advancement than any other State in the Union. This perhaps has operated against its colored population in the matter of collective effort. Of late years, however, owing to the increasing growth of the Negro population in all of the larger cities and towns, a large number of co-operative business enterprises have been formed, and the necessity of supporting such enterprises has become apparent to the practical thinking Negro. The white business man caters for Negro trade, but denies him employment if fitted for other work than that of com¬ mon labor. The excellent school system of Pennsylvania is turning out annually young Negro men and women who are fitted to enter the various avenues of trade and industry. Realizing that they are flatly denied equal opportunity in the world of employment, they are being forced to appeal to the people of their own race to open up business enter¬ prises that they may apply their talents. In material wealth the colored people of this State sur¬ passes any of the other Northern States, with a population of less than 200,000. The assessed valuation of their prop¬ erty holdings will exceed $15,000,000. They are engaged in nearly every avenue of trade and industry. This State, with its great mining and agricultural interests, has proven an alluring field to the colored man because of its liberal and fair treatment in the recognition of his manhood rights. We have no means by which to reach the exact estimate of the approximate number of colored people who are engaged Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 21 in the various trades and industries of the State, butr we have endeavored to give our readers the benefit of our per¬ sonal investigations in all of the counties where they are in any considerable numbers, and are engaged in agricultural pursuits or business enterprises. In some thirty counties of the sixty-seven of the State the population of colored people are few in numbers. In the counties of Clarion, Cameron, Clearfield, Tioga, Jefferson, Somerset, Indiana, Monroe, Mifflin, Snyder, Sullivan, Pike, Perry, Wyoming, Wayne, Bedford, Elk, Mercer, Northum¬ berland, Montour, Bradford, Juniata, Warren, Union, Le¬ high, Forest, Northampton, Lebanon and Carbon there are scarcely any colored people residing, while in Philadelphia, Allegheny, Dauphin, Fayette, Delaware, Lancaster, Chester, Washington, Luzerne, Lycoming, Cumberland, Franklin and Erie the bulk of the Negro population are centered. There are, however, large and valuable farm lands owned by colored people in the counties of Beaver, Huntingdon, Washington, Cambria, Juniata, Franklin, Delaware, Chester, Montgomery, Blair, Allegheny, Potter, Greene, Adams, Law¬ rence, Crawford and Dauphin. In the counties where coal and gas abound these farms are of great value, although in some instances the acreage is small. Negroes as farm hands are much in demand, espe¬ cially if they bring to their work intelligence and experience. There are noticeable instances in several of the agricultural sections of the State where Negroes conduct some of the best farms successfully. The estimated value of the farm lands owned as near as we have been able to ascertain reach a total value of between three and four millions of dollars. 22 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Schools and Institutions The educational advantages of this great Commonwealth are unsurpassed by that of any other State in the Union. Our school system is quite unique, as well as quite advantage¬ ous. By enactment of law, there are no separate schools, yet in many of the cities and towns separate schools exist and afford employment to a considerable number of colored teachers. Colored children in some sections are permitted to attend any school in the district in which they live. In¬ dustrial education has taken a firm hold upon our school system, and many of our cities have established excellent technical schools which are sending forth practical young men educated both in mind and hand. Among the industrial schools for colored youths receiving State aid are the Berean Industrial School of Philadelphia, the Downingtown Trades and Industrial School, located in Chester County, and the Institute for Colored Youth, Chey- ney, Delaware County, Avery College Industrial and Trades School of Allegheny. Institutions controlled by colored people receiving State aid:— Avery Trades School, Allegheny, $8,000 Aged Colored Women's Home, Williamsport, .... 1,500 Berean Manual Training School, Philadelphia, ... 15,000 School for Colored Youth, Cheyney, 6,000 Downingtown Industrial and Agriculture School, Downingtown, Pa., 10,000 Frederick Douglas Memorial Hospital, Philadel¬ phia, 25,000 Home for Aged Colored Women, Pittsburg, 2,500 Home for Colored Children, Allegheny, 10,000 Industrial Home for Colored Girls, Allegheny, .. 2,000 Penn Industrial School, Paoli, 5,000 Mercy Hospital and School for Nurses, Philadel¬ phia, 10,000 Making the total amount of aid received from the State, $95,000 Pennsylvania Negro B usiness Directory—1910. 23 Institutions that receive no State Aid are as follows : Andrew Carnegie Training School for Nurses and Hos¬ pital, Allegheny. Booker T. "Washington Training School for Nurses and Hospital, Pittsburg. Philadelphia Association for the Protection of Colored Women. Old Folks' Home, Philadelphia. The total amount recommended by the Legislature for the support of Negro institutions was $147,500. This amount was reduced by Governor Stuart because of lack of revenue to $95,000. Institutions Open to Colored Youth Among the educational institutions open to the colored youth of Pennsylvania are State College, located in Centre County. This institution is directly under the control of the State and teaches scientific farming. There have been only one Negro graduate from this school to our knowledge. Lincoln University, located at Oxford, Chester County, has graduated a large number of Negroes who have entered all walks of professional and business life. The Thaddeus Stevens Industrial School, of Lancaster, is near completion, and as. might be expected, that great Com¬ moner left it possible for any Pennsylvania youth, regardless of color, to obtain an education there. The Williamson Industrial Training School, Bucks County, opens its doors without discrimination and there are a num¬ ber of colored youth taking advantage of this splendidly equipped institution. The State institutions, such as asylums for the deaf, dumb, blind and insane show no discrimination. Some of the local institutions for orphan children and aged people refuse ad¬ mission to Negroes. The institutions for the training of youth along industrial lines, under the control of the Catholic Church, are all open to Negroes, as are also the Soldiers' Orphan Schools at Scot¬ land and Loysville. 24 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Industrial Training Schools The Andrew Carnegie Hospital and Training School for Nurses4 Avery, Nelson and Liberty Streets, North Side, Pittsburg, Pa. This Department of Avery College was organized to meet the urgent necessity of caring for the physical side of the race along with the mental and industrial. The facilities for nurse training are excellent and the standard of admission high. The course of study covers three years, but it is so arranged that those who are able can complete it in two years. Tuition is free. Board, furnished room, laundry and uni¬ forms are furnished free. We give you professional training under competent white and colored physicians. Faculty Dr. George C. Turfley, Dean and President of Faculty. Mr. Joseph D. Mahoney, Superintendent and Chairman of Faculty. Miss Ada G. Mahoney, Assistant Superintendent. Miss Elizabeth Miller, Training Nurse. Hospital Staff Surgeons.—Nicholas Shillito, M.D., Curtis C. Mechling, M.D., James Erroll Brown, M.D. Physicians.—George C. Turfley, M.D., James C. G. Fowler, M.D. Gynecologist and Obstetrician.—George C. Turfley, M.D. Anesthetizer.—L. H. Hestor, M.D. Avery College Training School North Side, Pittsburg, Pa. This institution is organized in the following departments: Domestic economy, millinery, tailoring, nurse training, do¬ mestic science, cutting and drafting, intermediate English course. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 25 Avery College Training School was founded by Charles Avery in the year 1849. It is chartered under the laws of the State of Pennsylvania, and has the right to confer such degrees as other colleges. The chief object of the institution is the extension and im¬ provement of industrial education as a means of opening better and wider avenues of employment to colored young men and women. "While the ordinary branches taught in school are not lost sight of, the chief aim is to drill the students in practical workmanship; "With this end in view, ample apparatus of the most improved designs and material are provided the students. The character of instruction is second to none and superior to many like schools. Each candidate for admission is required to bring from a trustworthy source a certificate of good moral character. Candidates coming from other institutions are required to fur¬ nish certificates of honorable dismissal from the proper au¬ thorities. Candidates are required to be able to read and to write and to be familiar with arithmetic so far as multiplication. Departments Domestic Economy.—Dressmaking, Cutting and Drafting, Mrs. Joanna Williams, Miss Alice Sutton. Millinery.—General and Technical Course, Miss Blanche Gibson. Literary Department.—Miss Nella Steward. Domestic Science.—Miss Nella Steward. Nurse Training.—Miss Elizabeth Miller. Board of Trustees and Officers of Administration.—George C. Turfiey, M.D., President; William H. Manley, Yice Presi¬ dent; Joseph D. Mahoney, Secretary and Treasurer. Board of Trustees.—Dr. George C. Turfiey, John D. Cherry, Dr. John A. Brashear, Joseph D. Mahoney, William H. Man- ley, Willis Austin, Dr. Robert Brady, A. P. Wallace. 26 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Dormitory This institute has a dormitory exclusively for girls in charge of a competent matron, heated by steam, lighted by electricity and modernly equipped in other respects. For catalogues and other detailed information, address all information to Joseph D. Mahoney, Superintendent. Box 154, North Side, Pittsburg, Pa. Berean Manual Training and Industrial School, Philadelphia This school was organized some years ago by Rev. Matthew Anderson, of the Berean Presbyterian Church, of Philadel¬ phia. Rev. Dr. Anderson was born in Pennsylvania, and a graduate of Oberlin College, and of Princeton Theological Seminary, when a youth at school, mapped out his life work along the line of industrial education for the masses of his race. In 1880 he founded the Berean Presbyterian Church, whose real estate, valuation for the year 1905 is placed at $105,000. In 1884 he organized the Berean Kindergarten, whose annual enrollment of pupils since 1889 has been forty. In 1888 he organized the Berean Building and Loan Asso¬ ciation through which 150 homes have been purchased at an average valuation of $2,200; has paid on its matured stock $95,000 to its stockholders, and whose assets in 1907 amounted to $140,000. In 1894 he established at Point Pleasant, N. J., The Berean Sea Side Home, with a property valuation of $10,000. It accommodated during the first twelve years of its existence 660 guests. He organized in 1897 the Berean Bureau of Mutual Help, which has secured employment for 620 persons. In 1906 he organized the Berean Trades Asso¬ ciation with a membership of 75 colored artisans, then fol¬ lowed the idea of the Berean Manual Training and Industrial School. The growth of this school in the very heart of Philadelphia and directly opposite Girard College, which denies admission to colored youth, has been marvelous. It covers a vast space of valuable ground and is accomplishing a splendid work. A Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 27 new four-story building, commodious in proportions, and con¬ venient in equipment, has just been completed and will be ready for occupancy at the beginning of the fall term. The institution receives a small State appropriation, but is greatly in need of funds to carry on its growing work. There were 16 graduates in the Class of 1909. The fall term begins October 5th, 1909. Downingtown Industrial School The Downingtown Industrial School was founded by John S. Trower, of Philadelphia, in 1905, when a charter was ob¬ tained and a tine farm of one hundred and ten acres, with many outbuildings was purchased through the efforts of Mr. Trower. The school is situated in Chester County, and but an hour's ride from the great city of Philadelphia. The object of this school is to give to the colored youth of Pennsylvania and those who, by reason of hard conditions in the Southern States, are constantly coming to us in such large numbers, and desire such training as will enable them to become useful, industrious citizens: a high school education, together with some useful trade, such as blacksmithing and wheelwrighting, carpentry and wagon building, printing, sew¬ ing, cooking, scientific farming, poultry and bee raising. It is believed that the Pennsylvania colored population of 200,000 which is being constantly increased by those coming from Southern States, will be made more useful and law-abiding by this school, and that the desire expressed everywhere in Pennsylvania for skilled farmers, dairymen, domestics and poultry raisers will be met by those who are instructed there. Property The school, with its four buildings, stands on a farm of 110 acres, the title to which is in the name of the corporation. The healthfulness of the location cannot be surpassed. Since purchasing the farm, the old farmhouse has been converted into a dormitory, with a new back building, which accommo¬ dates forty-five students and teachers. Two new buildings have been erected, and the third, a much larger one, named Pennsylvania Hall, was finished this year. It will give ample 28 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. room for the .trades on the ground floor, and also a dining room for recitation, and chapel room on the second floor, and dormitory accommodations for about 65 students on the third and fourth floors. The school property is now valued at $40,000. A large quantity of farming utensils and a number of hogs, horses and cows have been contributed, and a well-stocked hennery established. The money received has been largely contributed through colored churches and colored women's organizations. White church congregations, as well as individuals of that race, have also made some contributions. It has been and is the policy of the school authorities to teach the colored people to do much for themselves. They did not begin appealing to their white friends until they had gone all over our State and elsewhere and secured aid from the colored people, who have given liberally. They have an auxiliary of 200 colored women scattered throughout the State, and are rendering valuable aid to the school. The Legislature of Pennsylvania has appropriated $2,500 a year for two years for maintenance, and $5,000 to assist in the establishment of the trades and the equipment of the new building, Pennsylvania Hall, erected last year entirely by Negro mechanics, assisted by students of the school. Mr. John S. Trower, who has made many personal sacrifices of time and money to establish this school, deserves much credit. The school held its first commencement this year and gradu¬ ated nine students in the several, grades taught. Students are also prepared here for to enter Lincoln Uni¬ versity, of which school that indefatigable worker, the presi¬ dent of Downingtown School, Rev. W. A. Credit is a graduate. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 29 Pittsburg and Its Colored People While Pittsburg's fame rests chiefly upon the iron and steel industry, every known use to which iron and steel can be put being included in her products, yet it can be gleaned by a study of her unlimited resources that she is not dependent upon any one industry to maintain her position as the premier industrial city of the world. . Home of R. E. Frazier Labor, skilled and unskilled, is in constant demand. Neither nationality nor color stands in the way of employment. Can you do the work? is the question asked. It is true that form¬ erly the Negro was not largely employed in the varied in¬ dustries of Pittsburg. That, however, was twenty-five years ago, when he insisted upon being and remaining the "serv¬ ant." And the fact that a very large number of Negroes are now employed in every industry in Pittsburg, betrays a marked advance towards the time when manhood's standard will be' applied to the black as to the white. The Park Brothers, operating the great Black Diamond 30 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Steel Mills, were the pioneers in employing Negroes, and to¬ day 700 are employed in the various departments of these mills. Here all the puddling is done by them; they operate the "muck" and "iron bar" rolls, and scattered throughout the mills they will be found doing that work that requires brains as well as brawn. Of the 500 mills in the Pittsburg district, there is possibly not one but what employs colored men in various capacities. The Sligo Mill is largely operated by them. The Oliver Estate employs a considerable number of colored men in each department of their mills. At the great Carnegie Mills the Negro will be seen as engineer of their yard locomotives- operating the gigantic electric cranes, filling and mixing ma¬ terials for the open-hearth and blast furnaces, and working on the mammoth rolls. From the handling of the ore to the bringing forth of the finished product, the Negro fills no un¬ important part in these the largest iron and steel mills in the world. Twenty per cent, of the coal mined in the Pittsburg district is mined by colored men. The Booth & Flinn Company, now consisting of Mr. Wil¬ liam Flinn, president, and Mr. George Flinn, his son, secre¬ tary and treasurer, employ 400 colored men in their general contracting business. Most all of the asphalt streets put down in and about Pittsburg are laid by this firm, and nearly all, if not all, of the work is done by colored men under the superintendence of colored men. S. S. Marvin, who conducts one of the largest bread and cracker bakeries in the country, employs Negro elevator men and helpers throughout the factory, holding responsible positions. The great "Westinghouse Electric Company, presided over by G. W. Westinghouse, Jr., employes' colored men in every capacity. They make electric light bulbs, wind armatures, build motors; in fact, they perform every kind of work that men are capable of performing in this, one of the largest, if not the largest, electrical manufacturing plants in the whole world. Some of the best machine hands employed at Westinghouse are colored men, some of them having been in the employ of the company for twenty years. In bridge building and structural iron work the Negro is employed not only as a laborer but in the skilled work as Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 31 well. In the glass industries many Negroes were formerly em¬ ployed. The long strikes and causes other than discrimina¬ tion on account of race or color, has left but a few employed in the glass factories, but they do the highest class of work. Everywhere throughout this vast workshop Negroes can be seen doing all kinds, from the lowest to the highest class of work. Hence, Pittsburg has done much by way of giving the Negro employment, and a wonderful change has thereby been wrought in his character. The "servant" character, that which was bred in him, has given way to the active, quick- thinking mechanic, and trades character with well-advanced ideas that argue well for a perfect citizenship. Being part of the mechanism that operates this "World's workshop," they feel that some of the credit for successes met, and advances made reflects equally upon all the parts, theirs with all that go to make up the whole mechanism. So they take pride in their work, and very sensibly are bringing up their male children not with the idea of turning them into the "professional class," but with the intention of training them in the industries that they might become a class of pro¬ ducers instead of consumers. Population of colored people, 40,000. Churches and missions, 45: Presbyterian, 1; Episcopal, 1; Congregational, 1; Roman Catholic, 1; A. M. E., 3; A. M. E. Z., 2; M. E., 2; Methodist missions, 4; Baptist churches and missions, 30 or more. Salary paid ministers, average, $400 annually. Aggregate amount of church building debt, $162,000 for the year 1908. Total value of church property will approximate, $500,000. Secret societies: G. U. O. of O. F., F. and A. M., K. of P., B. O. E. of T. W., True Reformers, Galilean Fishermen, St. Luke, Mary's Tent Daughters of Temperance and all the subsidiary branches. Other organizations: "Women's social clubs, 30; men's social clubs, 15; orchestras, 2; brass bands, 2. Engaged in the professions: Lawyers, 5; physicians, 22; other professions, 143. The general employment of the Negroes covers every field 32 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. of trade and industry, the largest per cent, finding employ¬ ment in the mills, domestic service, teamsters, common labor. In eight of the leading banks of Pittsburg the time and interest deposits of the colored people amount to $547,000. The schools are mixed in all grades and the only employ¬ ment given the colored people in the school system is that of janitors. Business Enterprises Barbers, 20; restaurants and hotels, 25; groceries, poultry, etc., 10; tailors, 10; pool rooms, 10; saloons and cafes," 5; printers, 5; pharmacies, 5; undertakers and livery, 4; con¬ fectioners and bakeries, 3; caterers, 3; contractors and build¬ ers, 1; contractors for hauling, 10; carters, hucksters, dray¬ men, 30; fish and game dealers, 2; manufacturing, 1; news¬ dealer, 1; real estate and loan, 3; bootblack parlors, 20; haberdasher, 1; hair stores, 5; shoe dealer, 1; insurance com¬ panies, 2; newspapers, 1; manicurists, 20; chiropidsts, 5; up¬ wards of 2,500 Negroes own their homes and other realty. Four persons, one of whom is a woman, have a combined wealth of over $300,000. The total assessed valuation of the Negroes of Allegheny County aggregates the sum of $3,450,000. Employed in the public service: Letter carriers and mail clerks, policemen, firemen, court tipstaffs, clerks in city de¬ partments, clerks in coimty offices. % David J. Gibson Mr. Gibson has been in the employ of the D. Nichol Tailor¬ ing Co. for several years. For fifteen years he has been window dresser for the firm. Annually, at the expense of the company, he goes to New York city and investigates the latest Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 33 designs in window dressing. He is well up in the business and commands the respect and confidence of the firm which has stores in all of the large cities. Thomas H. Harrison. Mr. Harrison conducts the largest newspaper, periodical and stationery store of any colored man in this State. He engaged in the business some ten years ago on a small scale, and by a strict application to business and studying the needs of his patrons he has met with deserved success. He handles all the publications of colored people, and both retails and wholesales every kind of stationery. In addition, Mr. Harri¬ son controls a large laundry trade, his patrons being both colored and white. Nathan T. Vealor. M*r. Vealor is president of the Local Negro Business, League and is one of Pittsburg's most successful men. In 1893 he established a general .store at what is now known as East Pittsburg, and for ten years was the postmaster of that section. He conducts the largest general store in the locality in which he "lives, and also handles an extensive coal and feed business. He has an interesting family of eleven children, four of whom are graduates of the local High School. Mr. Yealor employs eight people, and has two de¬ livery teams. He has just completed a large store building and a handsome home. John T. Writt. Mr. "Writt is vice president of the Local League, and has been engaged in the catering business for the past twelve years. His success has been remarkable, his patrons being among the wealthiest of the many wealthy people of this great city. His silver, linen, china and glassware represent a small fortune and bespeak the thorough, progressive business spirit of the man. Thomas F. Jackson Among the young business men of Pittsburg, Mr. Thomas F. Jackson is a splendid type of those who see an opportunity and embrace it. Mr. Jackson came to this city in 1902 and 34 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory 1910. engaged in the real estate and insurance business. He has built up a splendid clientele and has the confidence of the public. He is general manager of the "Protective Brother¬ hood of the Pelican Mutual Life Insurance Company, a large co-operative organization. He is thoroughly equipped for the business and a master hand in the control of its large and growing interest. Mr. Jackson enjoys the merited confidence and highest esteem of Pittsburg's social, club and business life. He is a deep thinker, a scholar and an authority on banking and insurance matters. R. E. Frazier R. E. Frazier is one of Pittsburg's most progressive business men. His business enterprises are located in the east end and consist of a barber shop, 4 chairs, pool and billiard room, (I tables, and a well-equipped restaurant upon the same street. He has been quite successful and owns a beautiful home in Collins Ave. G. M. Robb. <>f Ihe most, successful Negro business men of i ..Mr, air. Itobb. For several years he has sueeesrfuDv™ JT ( d the Colonial Hotel, at 1300 and 1302 Wylie Ave 1\ r°ndllct" quiet, genial, intelligent gentleman, with a ho<*t # * 1 ot fiends Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 35 and his splendid business qualities are familiar to the entire community. He is interested in a number of enterprises and is thoroughly devoted to the advancement of the race. The firm of Frazier and Brown is well known in the busi¬ ness circles of Pittsburg. The partnership is a happy one, Mr. Brown bringing to it the snap and energy of youth. Al¬ though only a resident of Pittsburg seven years, he has made rapid strides along business lines and enjoys the esteem and confidence of a large circle of associates. Proprietor of the Hotel Royal, 81 Fulton St., Pittsburg, is well known and highly respected by many people throughout the State. His hotel is one of the cosiest hostelries in the city. It is nicely furnished and affords all the comforts of home. Mr. Green is a genial and pleasant host, an energetic and pro¬ gressive citizen, who has a thorough knowledge of the hotel business. The trade of theatrical companies is especially so¬ licited. James W. Brown William G. Green, 36 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory 1910. Mrs. C. J. Walker Mrs. Walker, formerly of St. Louis, Mo., but for the past two years a resident of Pittsburg, is one of the most successful business women of the race in this community. Madam Walker has established a reputation for her hair grower and pressing oil that extends throughout the country. Having made the treatment of the scalp a thorough study, she has suc¬ cessfully established a lucrative business. She treats persons by mail or at her well equipped parlors, 2518 Wylie Ave., Pittsburg, Pa. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 37 38 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Captain C. W. Posey. Among the many successful and progressive men of Pitts¬ burg, none have been more active nor labored more diligently to add to the world-wide reputation which the city enjoys as the Queen of Industry than has Cumberland W. Posey. Captain Posey came to Pittsburg in 1879 and shortly after was licensed as a steam engineer. In a few years he was ap¬ pointed as a chief engineer of steam navigation, a distinction never conferred upon any other colored man in Pennsylvania. From this he was made general superintendent and master of transportation of the Diamond Coal and Coke Company. At the present time he is superintendent of one of the largest Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 39 coal mining companies on the Monongahela River, with a ca¬ pacity of 12,000 tons daily. He engaged in the boat building business and has constructed some of the largest and most complete steamers and barges that ply the rivers. He is one of the largest individual property holders in the thriving town of Homestead, a suburb of Pittsburg, being identified with many of its business institutions. As a bank director, building and loan association director, real estate investment company director, treasurer and a member of several civic societies. Frank Sutton Pittsburg is noted for its splendid hotels, conducted by colored men. Among those worthy of special mention is the Hotel Sutton. One can travel to all parts of the country and not find better accommodation. The house is a model of cleanliness in its every department. The parlors are hand¬ somely furnished, the attendance courteous and attentive, the rooms well appointed, and the table service equal to that of the best hotels in the city. The proprietor, Mr. Frank Sutton, is a genial, pleasant host; who delights in the entertainment of his guest, and in making his hotel as homelike as possible to the traveling public. The Social and Club Life The social and club life of Pittsburg is unsurpassed-by that • of any other city in the State; in fact, its club life is un- equaled. The Leondi Club, the leading social club, is com¬ posed of men prominent in the business affairs of the city. It is non-political and numbers among its membership men of all shades of political opinions. The latch string ever hangs upon the outside to strangers, and once within its portals, sets one fairly within the charming circle of the best people in the city, whether along business or purely social lines. To meet any member of the Leondi Club is to meet a man who is in touch with the city's progress, and hence a type of citizen who has contributed his share to the upbuilding of this great city. 40 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Mrs. Anna Posey. Mrs. Posey is a prominent figure in the Ladies' Federation of Clubs and takes an active interest in all movements tend¬ ing to the advancement of the race. She is a lady of edu¬ cation and refinement, and has devoted much study to the fine arts. Her home is decorated with hand-painted china, oil paintings, water color sketches, fine silk and lace work, all the work of her own hands. Many pieces of her handiwork adorns the homes of some of Homestead's wealthiest people. She has been a guiding hand and safe counselor in the busi¬ ness success of her husband. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 41 Pittsburg Institutions Directed by Negroes Hospitals, 2: Carnegie Hospital and Training School for Nurses, Booker T. Washington Hospital and Training School for Nurses. Avery College and Trades School. Home for Aged "Women.' Home for Colored Children. Industrial Home for Colored Girls. McKeesport, Allegheny County Population of colored people, 1,200. Secret societies: G. U. 0. of 0. F., Messonia No. 3157; F. and A. M., Pride of the West No. 84; K. of P., Queen of the West No. 14. Churches, 2: Baptist, 1; A. M. E., 1. Assessed valuation of property, $200,000. Schools, mixed. Professional men: Physician, M. H. Smith, M.D. Employed in public service: Mail carriers, 2. Business enterprises: Barber shops, 5; restaurants, 4; con¬ tractor, 1; provision dealer, 1; hotel, 1; ice cream manufactur¬ ing, 1. Employment: Common labor, hotel and domestic service. Dr. H. Milton Smith Dr. Smith is a graduate of the Liverpool (Ohio) High School, Ohio State University, and Ohio Medical University. He has been a resident of McKeesport for the past six years, and in addition to enjoying the respect and confidence of the community, has built up a large and lucrative practice. Samuel Wilkins has been a resident of McKeesport for thirteen years. Mr. Wilkins is a native of Danville, Ya. He conducts an equal rights barber shop and enjoys a splendid trade. He is an active Odd Fellow and K. of P., and takes a keen interest in all of the affairs tending to the advancement of his race. He is a property owner. Mr. A. Golden is regarded as the largest property holder among the colored people of the city of McKeesport. Thirty years ago coming from Ohio, he followed the hotel business, being employed in several of the leading hostelries of the 42 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. city. He then engaged in the barber business and has occu¬ pied his present stand for fifteen years. He is a member of the G. U. 0. of 0. F., a Mason, and is a highly respected citizen. W. E. Montgomery was born in Monongahela City and has been a resident of McKeesport for the past twenty years. For several years previous to engaging in the hotel business for himself he followed hotel work, thus becoming thoroughly acquainted with the business. His hotel commands an excel¬ lent trade and is patronized by both white and colored people. He belongs to all of the secret societies among the race in the city and is colonel of the State Staff of the Uniformed Rank of the K. of P. Braddock, Allegheny County Dr. Samuel Howard is a graduate of Shaw University Medical School, North Carolina, and has practiced in Brad- dock since 1902. During the small-pox epidemic in this city in the years of 1902 and 1903, Dr. Howard was borough phy¬ sician and had entire charge of the pest house, and it was largely due to his skill and ability that the ravages of the dread disease was checked. He is an active citizen, highly respected, and owns several parcels of valuable real estate. T. S. Brightfull was born in eastern Ohio and after spend¬ ing ten years in the planing mill began work as a carpenter. Eighteen years ago he settled in Braddock and launched out into building and contracting. He has been more than suc¬ cessful as a builder. Several of the first houses in the town were designed and built by him, and the Braddock General Hospital, a beautiful structure, was completely remodeled by Mr. Brightfull. He employs mechanics of his own race when¬ ever he can, but most of his workmen are white. He owns a complete home built by himself as well as several other prop¬ erties. Beaver, Beaver County Population of colored people, less than 50. No churches, no secret societies. The people of Beaver at¬ tend the churches at Bridgewater, an adjoining town. Schools: Mixed in all grades. Barbei* shop, 1. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 43 General employment: Domestic service, chauffeurs, 2, com¬ mon labor. The town is almost entirely a residence town. There are but few Negroes owning property and their total valuation will not exceed $5;000. George A. Waldron. Mr. Waldron is a native of Ohio and has lived in New Brighton, doing business in Beaver for the past 16 years, four years of which he has conducted business for himself. Mr. Waldron is the only Negro engaged in business in the town of Beaver and enjoys the very highest respect and confidence of the entire community. Bridge water, Beaver County Population, less than 100. Churches, 3: 1 A. M. E. Z., 1 A. M. E., 1 Christian Al¬ liance. Schools: Mixed in all grades. Assessed value of property, $5,000. Secret societies: None. Rochester, Beaver County Population of colored people, 200. Churches, 1: Baptist. Secret societies: F. and A. M., King Solomon 78; K. of P., No. 25 Beaver Valley; G. U. O. of O. F., True Hope 4048; True Reformers, 1; Rose Bud, 1. Assessed valaution of property, $10,000. Physicians, 1: L. E. Jones, M.D. Schools: Mixed-, all grades. W. A. Clark is a clerk for the Rochester Coal and Supply Co. Business enterprises: Barbers shops, 4; contractors, 2; gen¬ eral hauling, 1. The Conway R. R. yards of the Pennsylvania Company em¬ ploy some thirty Negroes in various capacities about the yards. General employment: Hotel and domestic service, team¬ sters. 44 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. W. A. Clark, Rochester, Employed with Rochester Coal and Supply Co., as book¬ keeper, for three years. Mr. Clark is a native of Ohio and is a member of the Leondi Club, of Pittsburg. He is a genial, intelligent gentleman, highly respected by his employers and the business community. Richard A. Wagner, Formerly of Hagerstown, Md., has resided in Rochester for the past thirty years, engaged in the barber business. He Barber Shop of Richard Wagner, Rochester. has a finely appointed place of business and enjoys a lucrative trade. Mr. Wagner is a property owner and stands high in business circles. Lawrence Alsworth Jones, M.D. Dr. Jones is a native of New Castle and a product of the public schools. Grammar and High School graduate. He studied medicine in the office of Dr. J. R. Cooper, of his home town, for six years before entering the medical depart¬ ment of Howard University. Long before entering the medi- Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 45 cal school, Dr. Jones had the benefit of much practical experi¬ ence in medicine. Graduating in 1907, he spent some time in charge of the practice of H. M. Hargreaves, M.D., of Homestead. In 1908 he located in Rochester, where he has met with deserved success. New Brighton, Beaver County Population of colored people, 150. Churches, 1: A. M. E. Secret societies: F. and A. M., King Solomon No. 78. Schools: Mixed in all grades. Janitor, U. S. postoffice, 1. Brass band, Marion Hill organization. Assessed value of property, $6,000. Business enterprises: Barbar shops, 4; restaurants, 1; truck and gardening, 2; hair dressing and manicuring, 1; landscape gardener, 1; hauling and draying, 1; upholsterer, 1. Trades: Potter, 1; brick and stone mason, 1; paper hanger and painter, 1; plasterer, 1; electrician, !; engineer, 1; up¬ holsterer, 1. General employment: Chauffeurs, teamsters, hod carriers, iron and steel mills, hotel, club, domestic service and common labor. Beaver Falls, Beaver County Population of colored people, 400. Churches, 1: 2d Baptist. Secret societies: True Reformers Fountain, 1. Schools: Mixed in all grades. Assessed value of property, $9,000. Business enterprises: Barber shops, 3 ; hair dressing parlor, 1; hauling and draying, 3. Public service: Postoffice janitor, 1; county court house janitor, 1; dressmaker, 1; music teacher, 1; boarding and lodging, 1; restaurant, 1. General employment: Hotel, club and domestic service, common labor, hod carriers, chauffeurs, teamsters, 1. Trades: Stone mason, 1; paper hanger, 1. 46 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Mrs. Eva Holmes Is one of the progressive women of the race. For several years Mrs. Holmes followed the vocation of music teacher in the State of Texas. She is a native of Ohio, but has resided in Beaver Falls for several years and is closely identified with every movement of race advancement. She is an active mem¬ ber of the Ladies' Federation, and conducts a boarding and lodging house at 709 Sixth Ave., Beaver Falls, where she also has her studio. Her patrons are of the best people in the town. Frank McDonald. One of the best-known Negroes of the Beaver Valley is Mr. Frank McDonald, of Beaver Falls. For thirty years or more, in fact almost his entire life has been spent here. For several years Mr. McDonald has been the acknowledged leader of the colored people of this valley. A man of strong individuality, suave, intelligent and a polished gentleman. A few years ago he conducted one of the largest and best-kept hotels in Beaver Falls. He served as president of the Western Afro-American League and enjoys the respect and confidence of the entire business community. He possesses valuable realty, situated on the main thoroughfare of Beaver Falls. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 47 W. H. Moody, Of Morada, a suburb of Beaver Falls, is engaged in the dairy business and has a good trade. Mr. Moody also has a res¬ taurant, which is conducted by his wife at the entrance to Morada Park, one of the summer recreation parks of the Beaver Valley. Bedford, Bedford County Churches, 2, in the county: A. M. E. Zion, at Bedford, with a membership of fifty, Sunday-school of forty; Everett, A. M. E., with a membership of twenty, Sunday-school, twenty. Schools, mixd. Bedford borough has a graded school, with nine teachers. This school has graduated five colored students: Tamor Plowden, Susan Barkes, Carrie Barkes, Cora S. Rouse, Decharmes Davis, who hold teacher's certificates. Attorney, 1: John "W. Rouse. A peanut - factory, owned by Mr. Henry Heckerman, em¬ ploys nineteen negro girls in sorting and putting up prize packages. Rev. John E. Dishreoon is the agent in Bedford for the Oliver Typewriter. There are ten Negroes in the county who own small farms, at an assessed valuation of $6,700. Assessed value of the property owned in the towns and country will approximate $15,000. Secret societies, none. General employment: Hotel service and common labor. John W. Rouse was born in Bedford County, Pa., March 15, 1847. Attended the public school at Bedford. Read law with Hon. John Cessna, member of Congress from the Sixteenth Congressional District, and Mr. John W. Longen- ecker. Entered the law school of Howard University, Wash¬ ington, D. C. Graduated on March 6, 1875. "Was admitted to the bar of the court, in the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, on the 26th day of April, 1875. "Was admitted to practice in the several courts of Bedford County, Pa. The fall of 1877 was a candidate for the nomination for the of¬ fice of district attorney, and was defeated by twenty votes in convention. In 1896 was elected treasurer of Bedford bor¬ ough. 48 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Reading, Berks County Number of colored residents, 1,000. Church, 4: Presbyterian, 1; A. M. E., 1; Baptist, 2. Secret societies: G. U. 0. of 0. F., Jackobeb No. 1306; F. and A. M., Victor No. 73; Elks, Berks No. 48; True Re¬ formers, Fountain No. 1; Heroines of Jericho. Assessed value of property, $49,000. School, mixed in all grades. Employed in public service: Letter carriers, 2; police, 1; tire department, 1. Residence of John Stokes General employment: Hotel, domestic service, common la¬ bor, hod carriers, iron and steel mills, chauffeurs. The American Iron and Steel Company employ sixty col¬ ored men on the rolls, as heaters and rougliers, and boys topping and threading nuts. This may be termed skilled labor. Such industries as the lace and cigar factories and the Wilson Spectacle Company employ colored girls when ob¬ tainable. The Wilson Spectacle Company have had colored Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 49 girls employed for some time, as have some of the hosiery mills. Classified business: Manufacturing hair tonic, 1; chiropo¬ dist, 1; manicure, 1; hotels, 1; barber shops, 10; restaurants, 2; bootblack parlors, 2; dray and expressmen, 4. Assessed value of property in Berks County, $59,000. Chas. H. Terry One of the best known and most hospitable business men in Reading is C. H. Terry, proprietor of the Terry House. He comes of a family who have been identified with the business growth of Reading for over fifty years, and been in close touch with every inch of progress made by the race. Only in very recent years have any considerable number of colored people located in this hospitable German city. Mr. Terry conducts an excellent hotel which enjoys a liberal share of patronage and the traveler who has the good fortune to be entertained under its roof feels more at home than one feels in the average hotel. Mr. L. R. Terry succeeded to the business of his father, Moses Terry, in 1898, and with his brother, C. H., opened one of the best equipped six-chair barber shops in the city. It is handsomely furnished and located on one of the most promi¬ nent streets. The business is now controlled entirely by L. R. Terry, one of the city's most enterprising young busi¬ ness men. Abel E. West, M.D. Dr. "West is a native of Virginia, a graduate of the Normal and Industrial Institute of Petersburg and of Shaw Univer¬ sity Medical School of North Carolina. He successfully passed the medical boards of Virginia and Pennsylvania in 50 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 1908 and located in Beading, January, 1909. He has opened well-appointed offices at 323 "Washington Street, and is cor¬ dially received by the entire community. Mr. John A. Stokes Is a native of Reading, and a product of its public schools. He learned the barber trade several years ago, and now con¬ ducts one of the best equipped five-chair shops in the city, located in the leading hotel, the Mansion House, where he has been for the past eleven years. Mr. Stokes owns a hand¬ some home and is regarded as a splended and reliable business man. Burton Cuyler Mr. Cuyler is one of Reading's enterprising business men. He conducts two shoe-shining parlors at 532 and 616 Penn Street, the leading thoroughfare of the city. Each room is equipped with five bootblack stands and they are liberally patronized by both ladies and gentlemen. Arthur Rothwell Is a confectioner and is employed by the Riggs Confection and Ice Cream dealers. The firm is one of the leading busi¬ ness concerns in their line in the city, and Mr. Rothwell makes all of their confections and cream. Lee B. Terry Mr. Terry is one of the four original Terry brothers who engaged in the barber business nearly a half century ago. He is at present on the city police force, and commands the respect of all classes of citizens. He has a comfortable and commodious home and makes a specialty, when not patrolling, of cleaning straw and panama hats at 323 Washington Street. Hollidaysburg, Blair County Population of colored people, less than 100. Assessed valuation of property, $15,000. Business enterprises: Charles Brown, caterer, manufac¬ turer of all kinds of confectionery and ice cream; Charles Brown, wholesale dealers in railroad ties, barrel hoops and staves. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 51 Altoona, Blair County Number of colored residents, 800. Churches, 3: A. M. E., 1; A. M. E. Zion, 1; Baptist, 1. Secret societies: G. U. 0. of 0. F., Wendell Phillips No. 2513; F. and A. M., Purity No. 41; True Reformers, Fountain No. 1. Assessed voluation of property, $150,000. Schools, mixed. Business enterprises: Coal and wood dealers, 1; cleaning and tailoring establishment, 1; new and second-hand furni¬ ture dealer, 1; sign painter, 1; concrete and plaster con¬ tractor, 2; newsdealer, 1; caterer, 1; barber shops, 6; pool room, 1. Industrial employment: Hotel and domestic service. The great Pennsylvania Railway Shops at Altoona, which employ several thousand men, have no Negroes in their service what¬ ever. Public service: School janitors, 3; City Hall, 1. Among the successful business men of Altoona are Thomas F. White, tailoring, cleaning, dyeing. Mr. White has a place of business on the main street, and a branch office in an¬ other part of the city. James Downing is at the head of the Downing Coal Com¬ pany, and does a general contracting business. He is a large property holder. William M. Seward controls two barber shops, one of them having six chairs, also a six-table pool room, the only one owned by a colored man in the city. He is a member of Blair County Road Driving Association and besides the comfortable home which he owns has other realty interest. John F. Madden has been engaged in the business of con¬ tracting for cement and brick paving for several years, hav¬ ing worked at his trade of bricklaying for twenty years. He is a property owner and good mechanic. Ollie Orbison conducts a very promising stationery and news stand. Mr. Orbison has been in the business less than a year, but, locating in the section of the city vhere he is, he seems to have met a long felt want and his tracfc is increas¬ ing rapidly. to first:-; V'tj! Gay Street Public School of West Chester, recently destroyed by fire. Ex¬ clusively attended by colored children taught by colored teachers. i'iiij} Home of George Whiting, Altoona, Pa. S 03 O td o <3 One of several houses owned by Hilliard Himes, Altoona, Pa. t-j. c> Pennsylvania Negro B usiness Directory—1910. 53 Mr. Geo. W. Briscoe Mr. Geo. W. Briscoe, manager of the Logan Hotel dining room, is also a progressive citizen. Mr. Briscoe has held his present position for many years and controls largely the catering business of the city. He is a property owner and excellent business man. The largest individual property owner among the colored people of Altoona is Mrs. Moses Green. Many of them have beautiful homes. Mr. George "Whiting, who has been em¬ ployed at the Logan Hotel for many years, has a beautiful and commodious home. Messrs. Himes and Scotland, two progressive young busi¬ ness men, have made a success of the new and second-hand furniture business, and have recently purchased a plot of ground on one of the principal streets preparatory to the erection of store and ware rooms. Among the fine homes owned by Altoona's colored people is that of W. T. Bolyer. For twenty-five years he has resided in the Mountain City and has kept in close touch with race progress, being highly respected in business and fraternal circles. William Haywood "Washington, music composer, owns some valuable realty and is secretary of the Barber's Union of Al¬ toona. Mr. Washington's ballad, "Is there no kind remem¬ brance of me," has been well received and is meeting with a well-deserved sale. Tyrone, Blair County Number of colored residents, 150. Churches, 1: A. M. E. Assessed valuation of property, $31,500. 54 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Home of Geo. W. Bryant. Home of Harry J. Jones. The business element of Tyrone is represented by Geo. W. Bryant, who has occupied the same location as a business stand for twenty-two years, and was the first of the colored residents to purchase a home. Ulysses G. Crampton, who is regarded as one of the solid business men of the town regardless of color, is a young man of sterling qualities, and a race leader in the community. Alvin P. Lancaster, the first colored boy to attend the public schools of Tyrone, and who has been in business for twenty-six years. Benjamin P. Crampton, electrical engineer and a graduate of Western University, now the University of Pittsburg. General employment of males and females: Domestic and hotel service. Number of barber shops, 5, giving employment to fifteen people; manicurist and hair dressers, 2; blacksmiths, 1; huck¬ sters, 1. Henry J. Jones, a highly respected citizen, has two interest¬ ing children, Arthur and Pearl, who are fine musicians and are destined to make their mark high in the musical world. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 55 Both of the young people are much in demand for church, private, and public musical affairs at home and abroad. John Shelor Blair County has but few colored farmers. Among the successful ones are John Shelor, of Warrior's Mark. Mr. Shelor has a splendid farm, under good cultivation and well stocked. His home is commodious and has all the modern improvements which make farm life so attractive to the Penn¬ sylvania farmer. He delights in the entertainment of his friends, and enjoys the respect and confidence of his neigh¬ bors. Bradford, Bradford County Population, 150. Churches, 1: A. M. E. Secret societies: G. U. 0. of 0. F., Light of Bradford 4887; Household of Ruth, 1798; Elks, Tuna Yalley, 156, organized by Oscar Coe, Nov., 1908. Schools: Mixed, in all grades. Assessed valuation of property, $20,000. Total assessed value of town and farm land, $58,700. Business enterprises: Pressing, cleaning and repairing, 1; barber shops, 2; lodging and boarding houses, 2; Turkish- 56 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Russian electric bath house, 1; hair dressing and manicuring parlors, 1; baggage and transfer, 1. Trades: Carpenter, 1; brick and stone masons, 2; plasterer, 1; electrician, 1; paper hanger, 1. General employment: Domestic and hotel service, janitors, hod carriers and common labor. Henry Custer, of Pemberton, McKean Co., is quite a suc¬ cessful truck farmer. A. J. Enty, Bradford Turkish Bath House, Manicurist and Chirop- idist. Mr. Enty is a native of Armstrong Co. and has been en¬ gaged in business for 28 years. His present place of business is situated at No. 44 E. Corydon St., and is 30 by 100 feet. The building is a brick structure and contains 29 rooms, in which are given Turkish, Russian, electric, vapor, mineral and every other known bath. Massage and rest rooms, ladies' and gents' waiting rooms, manicure and hairdressing parlors and chiropodist parlors. He has courteous and competent at¬ tendants, male and female, and is liberally patronized. The entire property belongs to him. He also owns a small farm. Mr. Frank A. Price has been in the employment of Mr. Enty for several years and is an expert at Turkish and Rus¬ sian bath business. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 57 The business Negroes of Bradford are W. Ragland Transfer and Baggage Co.; Cole & Thornell, cleaning, pressing and dyeing; John W. Collins, barber; John "W. Davis, soda foun¬ tain clerk at W. 0. Neeley's drug store; Mrs. E. L. Myers lodging house; Michael Myers, of Ridgway Livery and Cab Service. The Bradford High School has a large brass band and orchestra composed of students, five of whom are Negro boys. Johnstown. Cambria County Population of colored people, 500. Churches, 2: A. M. E., 1; Baptist, 1. Secret societies: G-. U. 0. of 0. P., A. J. Mercer No. 2402; K. of P., Johnstown No. 21; K. of P. Uniformed Rank Co. No. 18; Good Samaritan Lodge. Assessed valuation of property, $45,000. Schools, mixed. Business enterprises: Real estate dealer, 1; sign painter, 1; hauling and draying, 4; stack painter, 1; grocers, 2; log¬ ging and lumber contractor, 1; baggageman, Penna. R. R., 1; barber shops, 8; pool rooms and restaurants, 2; steam saw mill owner, 1; roofers and roof painters, contractor, 1; veterinary surgeon, 1; massage and Turkish bath, 1. Geo. W. Bowles Johnstown has a; number of progressive business men. Geo. "W. Bowles, although a resident of the county, transacts much of his business as a lumber dealer in the city. Mr. Bowles is financially connected with several business enterprises es¬ tablished by the colored people. Andrew J. "White, proprietor of the grocery store and res¬ taurant, has been quite successful in various enterprises which he has engaged in during his residence of seven years in Johnstown. - All of the smoke stacks of the great Cambria Iron and Steel Company are painted by contract by Elmer Nash, a colored man. "W. S. Penn has been engaged in the roofing, roof painting and general contract business for the past three years. He was formerly employed by the Cambria Iron Company as 58 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. asphalt and pitch roofer, being foreman of a large gang of men, for whom he regulated the wages. Among the old but substantial residents of Johnstown is Henry Darkes. For years he worked for the Cambria Iron and Steel Co. He owns valuable real estate and for several years has led a. quiet retired life. John J. Mahoney In the blue print room of the mechanical department of the Cambria Iron and Steel Company, where all of the blue prints of this great corporation are sent to receive their coloring pro¬ cess, is Mr. John H. Mahoney, one of Johnstown's most pro¬ gressive and intelligent young colored men. He has charge of this department for several years and enjoys the confidence and respect of the company. "William A. Archer conducts a Turkish bath and massage parlor. Mr. Archer also gives lessons in physical culture. He has built up a successful business among the leading citi¬ zens of Johnstown and is highly respected. The general employment of the colored people is store, porters, hotel, domestic service and common labor. The Cambria Iron and Steel Company employ no Negro mechanics and few laborers. Bellefonte, Center County Population of colored people, 250. Churches, 1: A. M. E. Assessed valuation of property, $6,500 Restaurant and cafe, 1; barber shop, 1. Schools: Mixed. General employment: Domestic and hotel service and com¬ mon labor. • State College, which is located a few miles from Bellefonte, has two Negro students: J. S. Burns, "Washington, D. C.: 0. B. Southern, Renovo, Pa. The only Negro graduate was Calvin H. Waller, Class 1905, Agriculture Department, now teaching at Haines Institute, Augusta, Ga. James A. Summers Restaurant and caterer, Allegheny St., Krider's Exchange Building. Mr. Summers, formerly of Harrisburg, conducts Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 59 the leading restaurant and catering establishing of the town. His place of business is centrally located and a model of cleanliness. Besides his restaurant and catering business, he runs a team supplying ice cream to all the surrounding towns within a radius of ten miles. His success has been phe¬ nomenal. West Chester, Chester County Store of O. W. Ray Population, estimated at 2,500. Churches, 4: A. M. E., 1; U. A. M. E., 1; Baptist, 1; Pres¬ byterian, 1. Secret societies: Star of the West, Mary's Tent No. 6; G. U. 0. of 0. F., Peace and Plenty No. 2581; Household of Ruth; F. and A. M., Harmony No. 21; Elks, Levi M. Hood No. 159; True Reformers, Fountain No. 3; K. of P., Benja¬ min Banneker No. 14; Court of Colanthe; G. A. R. Post, Geo. S. Smith No. 130; Sons of Veterans, W. H. Carney No. 103. Other organizations: Liberty Cornet Band, Star Social Club. Business enterprises, trades and professions: Physicians, 2, H. T. Williams, M.D., Claude P. Cunningham, M.D.; res¬ taurants, 6; hotels, 2; caterers, 2; grocers, 6; barber shops, 10; odorless excavators, 2; express and drayage, 2; blacksmiths, 3; hucksters, 4; tailors, 1; music teachers, 2. 60 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. In the trades are brick masons, carpenters and paper hang¬ ers. The grammar schools are separate, employing eight teach¬ ers. The Chestnut Grove Cemetery Association and Oakland Annex, consisting of ten acres of land, is owned and con¬ trolled by the colored people. In the public service: Police, 1; court tipstaff, 1; letter carrier, 1; janitor at postoffice, 1; Adams Express Company employ 2 men. General employment: Domegftic and Hotel service and common labor. The Sharpless Separator Company employ in the foundry department at common labor, 19. The Hoopes Bros., and Darlington Spoke Co., employ 9, 1 grader of wood, one rim planer, and 7 common laborers. Total assessed valuation of property, $258,765. Assessed value for farms and homes in the county, $425,875. Abram Dobson Since 1836 Mr. Dobson has been a resident of West Chester. In 1879 he retired from active business, having followed the restaurant business and catering trade for several years. Mr. Dobson is the largest individual property holder of the race in the city. John G. Gladman Conducts the barber business at 26 E. Market Street, at the same stand established by his father thirty-five years ago. He is a progressive citizen, owns considerable realty, and en¬ joys the respect and confidence of the people generally. Cyrus S. Williams Mr. Williams conducts a barber shop at No. 207 E. Market Street, which stand he has occupied for twenty years. His standing in the community as a business man is A No. 1. He is the owner of some nice realty. David H. Wilson Conducts a tailoring, cleaning and dyeing business at No. 133 E. Main Street. He commands an excellent trade and is a skilled workman. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 61 David Luff The first and only colored man to hold a clerkship in the Auditor General's Department at Harrisburg was Mr. Luff, of West Chester. He is one of the best type of citizens and stands in the front rank of all movements of race progress. He is secretary of the Chestnut Grove Cemetery Association and a property owner; he is also a member of the board of trustees of the Downingtown Industrial School. W. S. Johnson Is one of West Chester's progressive citizens. He follows the occupation of undertaker's assistant, and is acquiring the trade of upholstering and cabinet making. His home is sub¬ stantial and valuable. Mr. Johnson is held in the highest esteem. 62 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. O. W. Ray For several years has been engaged in the grocery and pro¬ duce business. He has two stores, one huckster and one de¬ livery team. He is situated on the main street of the city and commands a splendid trade. His business standing is A No. 1 and his realty investments are worthy of comment. Dr. Hiram T. Williams, M.D. Dr. Williams is a graduate of the University of Pennsyl¬ vania. Has traveled through Europe and practiced in West Chester for eight years. Although quite a young man, he has established a large practice and is highly regarded by the medical fraternity of this community. J. W. Smothers Proprietor of the Magnolia Hotel, is one of West Chester's progressive citizens. He is a genial host and has large prop¬ erty interest. Mr. Smothers is well known throughout the State and is very active in several of the secret societies. He is highly respected as a citizen and business man. Emmett Edwards Is a native of West Chester and learned his trade in this city. He conducts a blacksmith shop, wagon building and repair¬ ing business at Cheyney, where the students of the Industrial Institute can see a practical demonstration by a craftsman. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—-1910. 63 Willis Corbin Is another enxcellent type of citizenship. Mr. Corbin followed farming for several years. He now lives in the city, having purchased a comfortable home on a prominent street, and is able to enjoy the association of his many friends whom he delights to entertain. O. J. Cummings A native of West Chester, is a music teacher, having a studio at No. 119 E. Market Street, and is regarded as a leader in his profession. He enjoys an excellent patronage and is a very useful man in the community. Mr. Cummings is or¬ ganist of the Second Presbyterian Church and instructor of the noted Liberty Cornet Band. There are numerous business and progressive men in the city of West Chester, among them being Charles Burns, res¬ taurant; Fred Steen, grocer; James Spence, hotel and res¬ taurant ; John Brown, restaurant, and John L. Moore, barber shop. West Grove, Chester County Residence of Dr. Boston Population, 100. Churches, 2: A. M. E., 1; Baptist, 1. Secret societies: True Reformers, Fountain No. 1; G. U. 0. of 0. F., West Grove No. 5459. Schools, separate. Teacher, 1. Higher grades, mixed. Physicians, 1 ; boot and shoemaker, 1; general employment, farming and domestic service. 64 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. S. Clifford Boston, M.D. Was born in Philadelphia; attended the public schools and private German School. A graduate of the Medical De partment of University of Pennsylvania, spending two years at the Stetson Hospital. Dr. Boston has become an authority on tuberculosis and the "Medical "World" have given him con¬ siderable attention because of a new and original treatment discovered by him, the breathing of lime dust as a cure for the dread disease. Dr. Boston has established a lucrative practice, nearly all of his patients being of the opposite race. He is a large property owner and his home is a model of beauty and comfort. Isaiah Temple For twenty years Mr. Temple has lived at "West Grove and conducted the shoemaking and leather supply business from the same stand. His patrons from the farms and townspeople, few of whom are colored people. He has a large store-room and owns a nice parcel of realty. Coatesville, Chester County Merchant Street Public School, Coatesville, Pa. ' Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 65 Population, 1,800. Churches, 5: U. A. M. E., 1; A. M. E., 1; Baptist, 2; Saints of God, 1. Secret societies: F. and A. M., Lily of the Valley No. 59; Heroines of Jericho, Mary's Tent No. 25; Court of Colanthe; G. U. O. of 0. F., Sober Retreat No. 2756; True Reformer Fountains, 2. Schools: 1 separate; teachers,6. Higher grades, mixed. Business classification: Physician, 1; barber shops, 7; gro¬ ceries, 4; express and draying, 4; tailors, 2; cafe, 1; pool rooms, 3; hucksters, 1; blacksmiths, 1. Public service: Police, 2; letter carriers, 2; elective of¬ fice assessor, 1. Employed in Lukens Steel and Iron Company: Trimming gang, plate mills, 92; head and patent shears, 6; transfer tables, 10; boiler room, 1; conductors and shifters, 2; open hearth stocking and supply department, 17; open hearth scrap shears department, 32; general labor, 12; total, 172. Employed by Worth Brothers Steel and Iron Co., total 90. At skilled and common labor; general employment, do¬ mestic, hotel service and common labor. Total assessed valuation of property, $59,200. Trades represented by: Engineers, brick masons, painters, paper hangers, trimmers, riggers, blacksmiths and tailors. J. M. Hall, M.D. Dr. Hall is a graduate of Kitteral College, N. C., his native home, and of the Medical Department of Shaw University. For a time he was resident physician of Mercy Hospital, Philadelphia. Having practiced in Coatesville since 1907. He is highly respected in the community. Adolph Williams Conducts a successful ladies' and gents' tailoring, French cleaning and dyeing business in the Nagle Building, Third Avenue. Mr. Williams learned the tailoring trade at his home, Macon, Ga., and took instructions in cutting and fitting at the Broadway, N. Y., cutting school. He has been in business for five years and enjoys the patronage of the best people of the town. 66 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Samuel Henry A native of Coatesville, proprietor of a restaurant, which business he has conducted for the past fifteen years. He was elected as an assessor and enjoys the respect and con¬ fidence of the entire community. Geo. W. Johnson Was born in Washington, D. C., sixty-five years ago. For eighteen years he resided in West Chester. The last twenty- six years he has resided in Coatesville, engaged in draying and general work. By dent of industry, Mr. Johnson has accumulated considerable property and is now engaged in the grocery business, carrying a large and complete stock. Residence of J. L. Raymond Blacksmithing in all its branches is successfully carried on by Mr. Raymond. In the twenty years he has been engaged in this business he has established a reputation that is unex¬ celled by any mechanic in Coatesville. Besides a beautiful home he has other realty and his business standing is A No. 1. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—-1910. 67 Miss Annie L. Blanchard, of Salem, Mass., a graduate of the High School and State Normal Lecture Course. Miss Annie Asbury, a graduate of the High and Normal Schools of West Chester. Miss Carrie R. Billingsley, a graduate of Bryn Mawr High School and the Institute for Colored Youth of Phila¬ delphia. Miss Estella Gertrude Butler, a graduate of Caotes- ville Grammar and High Schools, and West Chester Normal. Miss Eliza Lycett Adams, graduate of the Institute of Colored Youth, Philadelphia and Bryn Mawr. The work performed by these competent teachers has attracted the attention of the whole community. A commeVidable feature of Mr. Rayland's work is the monthly meeting at the school of patrons and parents and the exhibition of the children's work. He also pastors successfully the Macedonian Baptist Church of Cape May, N. J. B. S. Rayland Prof. B. S. Rayland, principal of the Merchant Street School of Coatesville, is a graduate of the Academic Depart¬ ment of Howard University, Washington, D. C., also having taken a theological course at Amity College, N. Y. He served four years as president of Neese River Institute, N. C. For seventeen years he has taught and served his people as pastor of a church. Mr. Rayland is surrounded by a splendid corps of teachers. Block owned by George S. Smith, Cambridge Springs. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 69 Cambridge Springs, Crawford County Mr. George S. Smith is the only Negro resident of Cam¬ bridge Springs, where he has resided for the past ten years. Mr. Smith formerly conducted the fish and oyster business in AVarren. Moving to Cambridge Springs, he engaged in the restaurant business. He purchased the present site where his business is located six years ago, remodeling the three buildings at a cost of $6,500. He has 58 feet front by 125 feet deep on the main street of the town and opposite the city park. The upper floors are in suites for light house¬ keeping. The lower floors are occupied as store rooms, the one by the leading confectioner of the town, and the other Interior of Cafe Royal. as a fruit store. Mr. Smith has his cafe in one of his large store rooms. The Cafe Royal is the principal business in that line in the town, run on the European plan. He has splendid accommodations for the traveling public. He is a careful, painstaking, far-sighted business man, highly respected by the entire community in which he lives. Mrs. Geo. S. Smith, besides assisting her husband in the cafe, is an accomplished manicurist and chiropodist, manufac¬ turing many of her own remedies and commanding a splendid trade. 70 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Lock Haven, Clinton County There are less than 100 Negroes in Lock Haven. They have 2 churches, 1 A. M. E., 1 A. M. E. Z. There are no business enterprises. Letter carriers, 1. .General employment: Hotel and domestic service, common labor. Meadville, Crawford County Population, 200. Churches, 1: A. M. E. Schools, mixed, all grades. Secret societies, none. Assessed value of property, $40,000. Business enterprises and public service: Barber shops, 2. Public service, city plumber, school janitor. Trades: Baker, 1; machinist, plumber, paper hangers and painters, 2, blacksmith, 1, carpenter 1, caterer 1. General employment: Domestic and hotel service, common labor. J. T. Bragg is employed as baggagemaster at the Erie R. R. station, and the Erie R. R. shops employ 11 Negroes as skilled and common workmen. Among the enterprising Negroes of Meadville are J. T. Bragg, baggageman at Erie R. R. station; R. M. Carey, carpet layer and furniture packer; Samuel Pratt, baker; Geo. B. Cowen and Lincoln Henderson. Meadville Negroes own some splendid realty, 25 per cent, of them being home owners. Corset manufacturing is one of the enterprises of the city. Both the Spirella and Nu Bone Corset Companies are lo¬ cated here. The Negroes of Meadville are all employed in one capacity or another, and enjoy the highest respect and esteem of all the citizens. Titusville, Crawford County Population, less than 100. Churches, 1: A. M. E. Secret societies: None. Schools: Mixed in all grades. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 71 Assessed value of property, $20,000. Business enterprises: Draymen and expressmen, 2; rais¬ ing and selling hogs, 2. Trades: Electrical engineer, 1; tanners, 2. General employment: Domestic and hotel service, common labor. James Rollins and George Henderson have met with great success in the raising and selling of hogs. Last year they sold most of their product live weight, dressing a few for local dealers. Carlisle, Cumberland County Population of Negroes, 1,800. Churches, 5: A. M. E., 1; A. M. E. Zion, 1; Presbyterian, 1; Baptist, 2. Secret societies: G. U. O. of O. P., Cumberland Brother¬ hood No. 1527; F. and A. M., Latort No. 18; Household of Ruth; Daughters of Temperance; Golden Chain; Eastern Star; Jessie G. Thompson G. A. R. Post No. 44; Elks Lodge No. 137; True Reformer Fountain. Assessed value of property, $150,000. Schools, grammar separate; teachers, 3. High School, sep¬ arate, teacher, 1. Public service: Police, 2. Government service:. Indian School, 1. Classified business: Barber shops, 3; contractors, 3; res¬ taurants, 3. General employment: Carpenters, bricklayers, plasterers, slaters, lathers, common labor, hotel and domestic service. Adam Broadus Is a contractor that has been engaged upon some of the largest and most important work done in the town. He owns several teams and has been quite successful in building up a reliable business. Property owner. James Travers A graduate of Storer's College, Ya., and the State Normal School. He is a brick mason by trade and foreman for John P. McCord. He erected the commodious brick resi¬ dence in which he lives and is regarded as a master of his trade. 72 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Mr. Robert Thompson Mr. Thompson is a native of Carlisle and a product of its public schools. Although limited in the respect of education, he stands as a business man without a peer in Pennsylvania. He is the largest individual property holder of the race in the State. He is a contractor and builder, having built 15 brick houses in 1908 and purchased ten. He owns 51 houses and 127 building lots 30x40 feet in the very heart of the growing district of Carlisle. His houses are all kept in splendid con¬ dition and most of them containing all of the' latest improve¬ ments. He sold during the years of 1907 and 1908 a number of the properties which he built. He works constantly from ten to twelve hands, owns the burial ground for colored people of 15 acres and has as tenants in his rentable properties both white and colored. Robert Thompson. Robert C. Young Mr. Young has been employed at Dickinson College for thirty-one years, twelve years of which time he has been a police officer. Mr. Young is an intelligent, progressive citizen, always to the forefront to advance the interest of his race, and ever fearless in demanding recognition for them when denied. He is a property owner of some extent and enjoys the respect of the student element and the confidence of the best people in the community. Robert C. Young. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Carlisle Public School Teachers Alice B. Butcher. Clara M. Johnson. Charles H. Johnson. James G. Young. 74 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory-^1910. The school teachers of Carlisle are Prof. Charles H. John¬ son, principal, graduate of Shippensburg High and Normal School, who has had two years of practical work, and is giving splendid satisfaction, as are his assistants: Mr. James Gr. Young, a home boy graduate of the Carlisle High School and Shippensburg Normal; Miss Clara M. Johnson, graduate of the Shippensburg Normal, and Miss Alice B. Butcher, a pro¬ duct of the Carlisle High and Dickinson Preparatory. This corps of bright and intelligent teachers only need the hearty .co-operation of the people and the school directors to raise the standard of the school up to that of any school in the State. "Whatever defects exist in the school life of the colored children of Carlisle is not due to this excellent staff of teachers. John J. Butcher John J. Butcher has been a resident of Carlisle for forty- live years and during his residence there he has always been looked upon as one of its leading cities, regardless of color. Mr. Butcher has practically retired from business, but his guiding hand is to be seen in the enterprises carried on by his children. He is the father of ten children, two of whom are in college, one at Howard University and one at Hampton, Va. One daughter teaches in the public school here. His son John, upon a plot of three and one-half acres just with- Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 75 out the town limits, is successfully engaged in the raising of hogs. Mr. Butcher owns several paying properties and his home, situated upon one of the nicest residence streets of the town is a model of comfort to his declining years. John P. McCord For nineteen years John P. McCord has been a resident of Carlisle, and no man of the race has left a greater impress upon the town and its people than he. Some years ago, al¬ though engaged in the ministry as the pastor of a church, he learned the trade of brick and stone mason. He then began taking contracts for building. For the past five years he has done all of the erecting of the government buildings at Car¬ lisle Indian School. He has also built some of the largest manufacturing plants which this thriving town boasts. Mr. McCord is a quiet, unassuming business man and has accumu¬ lated considerable real estate. Geo. W. Foulk Geo. W. Foulk is an active and progressive citizen. At one time he traveled with the New Orleans University Jubilee Singers.- For several years he has been the only colored em¬ ployee at the Government Indian School here. He is a prop¬ erty owner and conducts a restaurant and boarding house. 76 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Home and Restaurant of Noah Pinkney. Among the home owners and business men of Carlisle is Mr. Noah Pinkney, who has been engaged in the restaurant and catering business for several years. He enjoys a large and lucrative trade among the students at the college and serves many of the citizens in their homes with his products. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 77 Shippensburg, Cumberland County Population, 200. Churches, 3: A. M. E.; 1; A. M. E. Zion, 1; Baptist, 1. Secret societies: F. and A. M., Lincoln No. 38. Schools, separate. Teachers, 1. Higher grades, mixed. Assessed value of property, $8,500. Business enterprises: Barber shops, 3; laundry, 1; bicycle repairing, 1; contractor, 1; stone and brick mason, 3; General employment: Domestic service and common labor. George A. Barnes Ten years ago, at the death of his father, having completed his trade as barber, Mr. Barnes continued the business at the same stand which has been within a door or two of the original place for twenty-eight years. He enjoys a lucrative trade, is highly respected and one of the largest realty owners in the town. Samuel N. Arter Has been engaged in the barber business for eighteen years, and for the past seven years has conducted successfully a business of his own. Mr. Arter is a splendid citizen, widely known, fraternally, and a property owner. Dauphin County Harrisburg and Its Population of Colored People Harrisburg and the adjacent towns of Steelton and Middle- town, the former within a radius of three miles, and the latter but nine miles distant, are reached by one of the many spurs of our excellent trolley system, and are in the same county as our Capital City. If the Negro population of these two towns are taken into account the entire number of colored people can safely be estimated at close to eight thousand. This would make us the third city in point of Negro popula¬ tion in the State of Pennsylvania, as well as third in wealth and material progress. The employment engaged in by the colored people of this section varies in character. Being an industrial section, many are employed in the large mills, both as skilled and unskilled workmen. Domestic service affords employment to many of 78 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. our men and women. The wages received by both, male and female in this service will average about three hundred dol¬ lars per annum. The Negroes have kept pace with their white neighbors in entering into the spirit of progress, which has done so much for the rapid growth of our city. Many homes have been purchased and beautified, and they vie with the progressive element of the town in every movement that adds to its beauty and wealth. The assessed valuation of real estate owned by them, as near as can be ascertained, is something over a half million of dollars. These realty holdings are not confined to any par¬ ticular section of the city, but are scattered throughout the residence districts. The largest individual property holder among the colored people of Harrisburg is Mr. Andrew Gibson, who for years has been in the employ of the Mechanics' Bank. "While there is some difficulty experienced in the matter of renting homes with modern improvements, this difficulty has been a great stimulus to the purchase of homes by those who wish to live well, and as a result of this rent discrimination thousands of dollars have been invested in homes by the thrifty ones. The value of church property adds a handsome sum to the total of realty holdings; also the Masonic order and Odd Fel¬ lows own their own homes, as well as other valuable real estate investments. There are several colored men holding responsible and well- paying positions under the State, county and municipal gov¬ ernments. Prominent among those engaged in successful business en¬ terprises are Peter Sample, manufacturer of women's wrap¬ pers and aprons. The plant is run by electricity and com¬ mands a large local retail trade. John B. Sample conducts a notion store. Joseph L. Thomas has for several years con¬ ducted an undertaking business. Among the energetic young men of our city are Mr. Charles White, Sylvester Jackson and Harry Burrs. All of these young men are engaged in the real estate and insurance busi¬ ness. Mr. Burrs' operations are of a purely local character, Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 79 and he has succeeded in building up quite a large and profit¬ able business. The barbering, hair dressing and catering business has proven a source of revenue to many of our people, and some of the beautiful homes now owned by them are the result of the profits and savings from this class of work. One of the most successful and profitable businesses conducted by many colored men here is carting and contracting. Several of them own as many as five and six teams and do all kinds of general hauling. "We are pleased to mention men like Charles G-ran- nison, James Polston, Neal Powell, Taylor Robinson, John Ferrell and Lewis Togan. The Advocate-Verdict, a weekly newspaper devoted to the interest of the colored people is published by the Dougless Co-operative Company, W. Justin Carter, Esq., President; W. H. Craighead, secretary, and J. W. Craighead, treasurer. Parson's Drug Store corner South and Fifth Streets. 80 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Population, 4,500. Churches, 10: A. M. E. Z., 2; A. M. E., 1; Presbyterian, 1; Episcopal, 1; M. E., 1; Baptist, 4. Secret societies: Gr. U. 0. of O. F., Brotherly Love No. 896 (own a three-story brick building and other realty) ; Arm- stead Roman, No. 3468; Household of Ruth; Uniformed Patriarch No. ; P. and A. M., Chosen Friends No. 43 (own their own temple) ; Star of the West; St. James Com- mandery No. 18; Micia Temple No. 17; True Reformers, Fountains 4, Rosebuds 2; Gallilean Fishermen, Lodge 1; Daughters of Temperance, Lodge 1; Good Samaritan Council, 1; Elks, Unity No. 71; K. of P. Pithian No. 34. Other organizations: Capital Boys Club, orchestra 1; Wes¬ ley Union Boys Club, Baptist Boys Club, Ladies Social Clubs, 3; Auxiliary to the Associated Charities and Day Nursery. Schools, mixed, and separate grammar grades. Harrisburg High and Technical Schools, mixed. Colored teachers, 12; supervisory principals, 2; separate school buildings, 2; summer playground teachers, 2. Attorney-at-law, 1; physicians, 3; dentist, 1; stenographers and typewriters, 4. Business enterprises: Barber shops, 17; drug stores, 1; hotel, 2; eating houses and restaurants, 5; groceries, 2; cater¬ ers, 4; tailoring, cleaning and dyeing, 1; laundry, 1; manufac¬ turing, 1; notion store, 1; insurance agents, 2; dealers in second-hand clothing, 2; upholsterer and second-hand furni¬ ture dealer, 1; hair dressing and manicure parlors, 4; dress¬ making, 4; music teachers, 3; delivery express, 5; contracting and carting, 10; real estate and insurance, 2; ice and coal dealer, 1; newspaper, 1; job printing, 1; publisher, 1; coffee and peanut roaster, 1; odorless excavator, 2; pool and billiard rooms, 2; undertaker, 1; boarding and lodging houses, 4; chiropodist, 2. Trades are represented by painters, brick and stone masons, blacksmiths, carpenters, paper hangers, upholsterers, plumb¬ ers. In public service: Letter carriers, 3; postoffice clerks, 1; janitors, postoffice, 1; police, 5; street department, 25. Employed in State Capitol building:- Clerks and messen¬ gers, 1; messengers, 6; watchmen, 2; charmen, 12; laborers, 2. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 81 General employment: Hotel, domestic service, hod carriers, teamsters, iron and steel mills, both skilled and common labor, railroad station porters, store porters, general labor, chauf¬ feurs and theatres. A Home for Aged Masons has recently been purchased by the Grand Lodge of the Masonic fraternity of Pennsylvania, situated a few miles from Harrisburg. It is beautifully lo¬ cated and comprises a farm of sixty-four acres and several buildings. Professional Men For several years this city has been creditably represented in the professions. Both in law and medicine. W. Justin Carter, Esq. W. Justin Carter, Attorney-at-law, has been identified with the growth and progress of Harrisburg since 1895, when he was admitted to the practice of law at our local bar. Mr. Carter has united with every effort put forward for the better¬ ment of the condition of the Negroes in the city, and has con¬ tributed of his talents and means to every enterprise in¬ augurated. He stands in the front rank of his profession and enjoys the highest respect of the bench and bar. Charles Hoyt Crampton, M.D. Dr. Crampton was born in this city and is a product of our public schools. Graduating from the High School, he took a medical course at Howard University, "Washington, D. C., and a post-graduate course at Hahnemann College, Philadel¬ phia. He came to his work well equipped and at once leaped into popularity. Having an unlimited acquaintance through¬ out the city and being of a pleasing and manly nature his practice has grown large and lucrative. He is one of the county physicians, representing the city, a position to which he was 'apppointed in 1908, and fills with great credit. Dr. James Edward Foster Dr. Foster came into our midst an entire stranger. Having graduated from the Springfield, Mass., High School, he ma¬ triculated at Yale College, graduated from Howard Univer¬ sity, Medical Department, Washington, D. C. Spent some time as an interne at Freedman's Hospital of the same city, 82 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. and thus qualified himself for his work. Dr. Foster has, by careful attention to his profession, built up a successful prac¬ tice and is highly respected by the profession and the people of this city. C. Lennon Carter, M.D. Dr. C. Lennon Carter is another young man who has made his impress upon our city. Having graduated from "Wayland Seminary, Washington, D. C., in 1899, he pursued his studies Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910.< 83 until he entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons, of Boston, Mass., from which he graduated in 1904. After suc¬ cessfully passing the Pennsylvania State Medical Board he selected Harrisburg as his future field of labor. He has been signally successful in building up a lucrative practice regard¬ less of color. He keeps in close touch with the city's progress and is ever ready to co-operate in any movement directed toward advancement. In 1908, Dr. Carter was appointed one of the county physicians from the city, which position he still fills with credit and ability. Dr. Stephen J. Lewis. Among the professional men recently located in our midst is Dr. Lewis, surgeon dentist, of Washington, D. C. He has opened handsomely appointed dental parlors at 440 South St., and is receiving excellent encouragement from the other pro¬ fessional men, the business people and the community in general. He is a genial, pleasant gentleman and up-to-date in his practice. H. Edwin Parson. 84 •Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Mr. Parson established the drug business at Fifth and South Streets, just about a year ago. He is the product of Harrisburg's public school system, a graduate of the gram¬ mar and high schools, and the Philadelphia School of Phar¬ macy, Philadelphia. He has met with splendid encourage¬ ment in his business venture, and enjoys the patronage of both white and colored people. Rev. W. H. Marshall Rev. W. H. Marshall is a graduate of the grammar and high schools of Harrisburg, being one of the first colored boys to graduate from the High School. He became a teacher in our public schools, where he has remained for several years, lie was ordained a minister in the A. M. E. Zion Church, and held a charge in Wrightsville and Middletown, where he labored for several years in connection with his school work. He is now pastor of Harris A. M.. E. Zion Church, this city, which was recently built at a cost of $6,000. Mr. Marshall's work in this city as a teacher and minister has been exceed¬ ingly successful, and its impress for good has been felt by the entire community. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 85 Hotel Accommodations Several years ago the Dauphin County Court having a case before it where a remonstrance was made against a prominent hotel which refused accommodations to colored men, handed down a decision to the effect that no hotel in this county could receive a license that discriminated against people on account of color. Notwithstanding this decision colored people have from time to time found it difficult to obtain accommodations, when strangers in the city. For several years the city has been without a hotel under the management of colored people. A license has been granted Mr. Theodore Frye, who conducts a well equipped house where he caters especially to colored trade. Mr. Frye is well known and popular. C. W. Strothers One of the most successful business men of Harrisburg among the colored people is C. W. Strothers, familiary known as Colonel. For several years he has conducted a billiard and pool parlor and cigar stand in Odd Fellows' Building, South Street. He served on the Harrisburg police force several years and made an excellent record. He is manager and owner of the Harrisburg Giants Baseball Club, a splendid organization known throughout the State. • Mr. Strothers is a splendid type of citizen and is highly respected. Elmer E. Hunter, Harrisburg, 510 E. State St. Mr. Hunter is a practical tailor, having learned his trade with one of the leading tailoring establishments of this city. He has opened business at the above address. He is a ladies' and gents' tailor; also does cleaning, dyeing and repairing. He is a native of this city and a product of the public schools. He is well known, highly respected and of splendid business integrity. Charles E. Scott Mr. Scott has been a member of the Harrisburg police force for the past six years. He is regarded as one of the most efficient officers under the present administration of the city government. He conducts a billiard and pool parlor at 504 South Street, and enjoys the respect of the entire community. 86 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Samuel E. Johnson & Son .. One of the commendable enterprises of Harrisburg is the furniture business of Mr. Johnson & Son. They are dealers in new and second-hand furniture, buying, selling and repair¬ ing. He is a skilled mechanic, and has a growing and promis¬ ing business. He has associated with him two of his sons, and conducts business at 517 South Street and 1330 and 1332 Thompson Street. Thomas J. Miller. Has been engaged in the coffee, peanut, barley and roasting business for several years. His plant at 324 Muench Street is operated by electricity. Mr. Miller roasts coffee for many of the large wholesale dealers of the city. Percy C. Moore Mr. Moore for years has been a public waiter and caterer. He is now foreman for a prominent catering firm. He is a man of excellent business qualities, and popular among his business associates. He is a native of West Virginia, and at¬ tended Storer College. Mr. Moore takes an active interest in all race enterprises, and is looked upon favorably by the lead¬ ers and moulders of public sentiment in Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 87 Sylvester E. Burrs Mr. Burrs, leader of the Burrs Orchestra, and head of the Burrs Musical Studio, is one of the energetic young men of Harrisburg. For -several years he has been clerk of the wealthiest club of Harrisburg and filled the position with credit and ability. He is a thorough musician and has organ¬ ized an orchestra of twenty-five pieces. His studio is located at 665 Briggs Street, where he teaches vocal and instru¬ mental music, assisted by his talented wife, Mrs. Myrtle Burrs. John Lewis Togan. Contractor and excavator, 1526 Vernon St., is one of Har¬ risburg's most energetic business men. Mr. Logan owns four teams and at times works as high as twenty-two men in his business. He is highly respected and has an excellent reputa¬ tion as a business man. James R. Wilson. Mr. "Wilson has put upon the market two remedies that have gained for him a reputation, and that will prove a splen¬ did source of revenue. Persons who have used his corn salve speak highly of the relief afforded by its use. And the same is said of his Ho-lon-ol. Both articles have been upon the market for some little time and are growing in demand. Mr. "Wilson fills mail orders promptly. P. O. Box 331, Harris¬ burg, Pa. Delmar Hotel. Messrs. Cyrus Randolph, Lewis Togan and James Poulson, all enterprising business men, have recently leased the large building, corner of Short and South Sts., known as the Battis block, and have opened a hotel and cafe. The location is an ideal one for a business of this kind. As hotel accommoda¬ tions are exceedingly scarce in this city, the venture ought to prove a profitable one. The house is well furnished and con¬ ducted on the European plan. 88 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. /> STATE EMPLOYEES. Top row reading from left: Frank L. Jefferson. James M. Auter. Center from left: Walter S. Taylor. Robert J. Nelson. Bottom from left: Roscoe C. Astwood. Harry Burrs. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 89 State Employees The following Negroes hold positions under the State Gov¬ ernment : James M. Auter (Philadelphia), Executive Department. Andrew Gray (Harrisburg), Executive Department. Edward Baxter (Philadelphia), Secretary of the Common¬ wealth Department. Walter S. Taylor (Harrisburg), Attorney General's De¬ partment. Frank L. Jefferson (Steelton, Dauphin Co.), Treasury De¬ partment. Harry Burrs (Harrisburg), Public Grounds and Buildings Department. Frank "Washington (Allegheny Co.), Public Grounds and Buildings Department. John Sample (Harrisburg), Health Department. Robert J. Nelson (Reading, Berks Co.), Mining Department. Roscoe C. Astwood (Scranton, Lackawanna Co.), Public Printing Department. James A. Hill (Harrisburg), State Library. John Johnson (New Haven, Fayette Co.), Pennsylvania State Railroad Commission. Josiah Higgins (Harrisburg), State Senate. Edward Armbush (Philadelphia), State Senate. John Keyser, Senate toilet rooms. During the legislative session of 1908-09, A. P. McClure, of Uniontown, Fayette Co., held the position of custodian of the' basement of the House of Representatives. S. R. Ray, of Pittsburg, custodian of one of the committee rooms. Frank Weidner, Philadelphia, paster and folder. James R. Wilson, Harrisburg, Senate toilet room. John Findley, Harrisburg, House toilet room. Ralph Elwood Brock. Among the State employees is Mr. Ralph E. Brock, of West Chester. Mr. Brock for several years has been connected with the Forestry Department. He is probably the only experi¬ enced Forester of the colored race in Pennsylvania. He has 90 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. spent a great deal of his time in making a study of this very important question, How to preserve our forests. He is con¬ sidered by the department as a very capable man, and has charge of the State Nursery at Mont Alto. In addition to these appointments, the Board of Public Grounds have some sixteen Negroes under Superintendent Samuel B. Rambo as charman, janitors and servants at the Executive Mansion. James M. Auter, of the Executive Department, is the oldest employee in point of service under the State Government. Industrial Employment The Central Iron and Steel Company employs 110 Negroes, 20 skilled workmen and 90 common laborers. The Harrisburg Rolling Mill company employs 65, skilled 10, common labor 55. Such business enterprises as the Star Steam Laundry and Schmidt's Steam Bakery. Harrisburg Baking Co. C. M. Forney, Drugs. D. W. Gross, Drugs. Geo. Gorgas, Drugs. Francis H. Hoy, Jr., Caterer. H. Astrich, Dry Goods. Harry Oves, Coal. J. M. Neely, Livery. Doutrich & Co., Clothing. The Hub, Clothing. Einstein, Dry Goods. H. Marks & Son, Clothing. W. B. Schleisner, Clothing, formerly Kline Co. H. M. Kelley, Coal. C. R. Boas, Jewelry. Wallis Coal Co. Sharon Stephens, Coal. Kauffman's, Outfitters. Burns & Co. Pettit & Co. City Transfer Co. Yohn Bros., Pianos. H. C. Dodge, Hatter. The Globe, Clothiers. Bowman & Co., Dry Goods and Department Store. J. E. Rhoades, Lime, "Wood, Coal and Builders' Sup¬ plies. United Ice and Coal Co. Smith & Keffer, Tobacco and Cigars. John J. Finn. Lutz, Lime and Stone. Keystone Motor Co. Kingan Packing Co. Swift Packing Co. C. Vernon Rettew, Insurance. Ober Bros., Livery. J. H. Sheesley, Grain, Coal and Wood. S. Ed. Snavely, Livery. Dives, Pomeroy & Stewart, Department Store. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 91 A. H. Kreidler & Bro., Gro¬ ceries. Holmes Seed Co. W. J. Mehring. Nestor & McCreath Bros., Coal. Harrisburg Foundry and Ma¬ chine Co. Waller & Seal. Gramm Paving Co. George Doehne. Central Construction and Supply Co. W. Russ, Produce Dealer. Henry Gilbert & Sons, Hard¬ ware. Wallis Bros., Livery. Stucker Bros., Contractors. Robert A. Enders, Groceries. C. P. Walter, Contractor. Rubin & Rubin, Opticians. Joseph Goldsmith, Uphol¬ sterer. E. Mather & Co. Rose, Candies and Soda Water. Harrisburg Gas Co. Geo. W. Himes, Stoves and Furnaces. Robert Fairlamb, Cigars. S. H. Shoemaker & Son, Con¬ tractors. C. F. Hoover, Furniture. National Transfer Co. J. L. Shearer, Haberdasher. Fisher Bros., Plumbers. E. J. Roe & Son, Drugs. Harrisburg hotels, with few exceptions, employ Negro help. The Bolton House, Commonwealth, Dauphin, Columbus, Har¬ ris, Lynch, Grand, United States, Metropolitan, Russ, Senate and Pennsylvania Railroad Restaurant all employ Negro help. Steelton, Dauphin County Population, 1,200. Secret societies: G. U. 0. of 0. F., Swatara No. 1901; Household of Ruth; F. and A. M., Paxton No. 16; True Re¬ formers, Fountains 1; Galilean Fishermen, 1. Organizations: Steelton Cornet Band; social clubs, 1; phy¬ sician, 1. Schools, separate. Teachers, 5; principals, 1. Higher grades, mixed. Business enterprises: Grocers, 2; newspaper, Steelton Press, 1; eating houses, 3; barber shops, 2; pool rooms, 2; milk dairy, 1. Assessed value of property, $126,200. Churches: Baptist 2; A. M. E. 1. Number congregations with ministers, 5. 92 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Number of colored men employed by the Pennsylvania Steel Company Store, Limited: Store Dept., Coal and wood dept., 2 Store Dept., Fireman, 1 Store Dept., Stable boss, 1 Store Dept., Helper, 3 Salesmen, 3 Filler in, 1 Janitor, 1 Shipping Dept., 1 Total, 11 The Pennsylvania Steel Company' has for years, in fact ever since it was established, been large employers of Negro labor, both skilled and common. The total number of Negroes employed, three hundred. Frank N. Robinson Mr. Robinson for the past seven years has been the steward for the Pennsylvania Steel Company restaurants. He caters for two hundred people daily, and is the responsible head of this department. He purchases all the supplies of every de¬ scription, hires and discharges all help and is regarded by the officials of the company as an intelligent, trustworthy employee. Mr. Robinson resides in Harrisburg, where he owns a comfortable and cozy home, and enjoys the highest esteem of his neighbors. Middletown, Dauphin County Population, 300. Churches, 1: A. M. E. Z. Schools, mixed. Assessed valuation of property, $10,000. Hotel, 1. General employment: Hotel and domestic service, iron and pipe mills, hod carriers and common labor. Chester, Delaware County Population, estimated, 6 to 7,000. Churches, 10: A. M. E., 2; M. E., 2; Presbyterian, 1; Bap¬ tist, 2; A. U. M. P., 1; E. A. M. E., 1; Episcopal, 1. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 93 Schools, separate buildings, 4; teachers, 16. Higher grades mixed. School principals, male, 3; female, 1. Public service: Police, 5; janitor, 1; city councilman, 1; school directors, 2. Government service: Custom house, 1. Business enterprises: Grocers, 6; odorless excavators, 2; hotels, 2; employment agents, 2; public cabs, 3; restaurant and eating houses, 8; cigar and pool rooms, 2; contractors, 6; coal dealers, 1; undertakers, 2; music teachers, 1; ice deal¬ ers, 3; dressmakers, 7; hair dressers and manicurist, dealer in musical instrument and jewelry, 1; wood yard, 1. General employment: Stevedors, iron and steel mills, team¬ sters, domestic and hotel service, common labor. Number of colored men employed in the Seaboard Steel Casting Co., 22; Penn Steel Casting and Machine Co., 50; Fayette Brick Co., 17; Philadelphia Quartz Co., 10; American "Dry Wood Co., 102; Chester Steel Casting Co., 50. Other industries employing Negroes are the Keystone Plaster Co., American Steel Casting Co., Federal Steel Casting Co., Key¬ stone Steel Casting Co. Professional men: Physicians, 2. Assessed value of property, estimated, $300,000; assessed value of county and farm lands, $175,000; total, $475,000. Secret societies: F. and A. M.; Heroines of Jericho, Radi¬ ant Star, No. 1063, G. U. O. of O. F; Eagle Lodge No. 1878, G. U. O. of O. F.; Past G M. C., No. 258, Household of Ruth, No. 695; Household of Ruth, No. 642; Progressive Pilgrims, No. 10, K. of P.; J. D. Webster, No. 10, K. of P.; Jno. A. Watts Co., No. 3, U. R. K. of P.; Daughters of Damon, No. 316, K. of P.; Court of Calanthe, No. 300, K. of P.; Mary's Tent, J. R. G. E. J. U., 3 tents; John Brown Post No. 194, G. A. R.; True Reformers, fountains 4; Women's C. T. U., 2. Organizations: Social clubs, 2; brass bands, 2. Greenland Cemetery Co., Incorporated, eight and one-half acres of land. T. J. Drew Resident of Chester for eighteen years, engaging in the res¬ taurant business at Eighth Street and Morton Avenue, which he still conducts. He also has places of business at Second and Edgemont Avenue, and the Palm Garden, at No. 1833 94 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. W. Third St., a splendidly arranged building which he has recently purchased and remodelled, affording excellent accom¬ modations to his rapidly growing trade. Mr. Drew has sev¬ eral property interests in other sections of Delaware County. Chester Industrial School One of the most important and interesting features of the work among the colored people of Chester is the Chester In¬ dustrial School, which was organized scarcely a year ago by Rev. Thomas M. Thomas, A.M., B.D., a graduate of Lin¬ coln University and pastor of the Third Street Presbyterian Church. The School as organized by Mr. Thomas has been self-sustaining from its beginning by the work of its students. The trades taught cover all lines taught in industrial schools, and the products of the students' work are sold to the public. The millinery and dressmaking departments, the upholstery and tailoring departments bring in quite an income as well as giving practical results. The ordinary English branches are taught and a course in theology is given. The people of Chester are growing deeply interested in the work and have great admiration for Mr. Thomas, the president of the institution. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 95 Rev. Thomas M. Thomas, A. M., B. D., President Chester Industrial School. Mrs. W. A. Henry Groceries and provisions, No. 605 Central Avenue. For four¬ teen years, Mrs. Henry has been engaged in the grocery busi¬ ness and has been quite successful. Her daughter Florence, graduate of the Berean Industrial School, Philadelphia, has a millinery and dressmaking parlors on the second floor of the store building which is owned by Mrs. Henry. Both ladies command a splendid trade and are in the front rank of the business element of Chester. Emery F. Wright Resident of Chester for forty years. For several years he conducted the ice business, running three teams. Five years ago, Mr. Wright engaged in the hotel business at No. 1531 West Third Street. The building he occupies has been re¬ modelled and contains all the conveniences of a modern hotel. He still controls the ice business and has interest in several other enterprises. As a citizen and acknowledged leader of his people he has the highest respect of the pp^nle of the com¬ munity. 96 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory 1910. Wrights Hotel, Chester. Media, Delaware County Population, 600. Churches, 3: C. A. M. E., 1; U. A. M. E., 1; Baptist, 1. Secret societies: P. and A. M., Mt. Zion No. 61; Heroines of Jericho; G. U. 0. of 0. F., William Murphy No. 1445; Household of Ruth; K. of P., Edward Green; True Reformers, Fountains, 1. Social organization: Afro-American Citizens' Club. Attorn ey-at-1 aw, 1. Business enterprises: Barber shops, 2; upholsterers, 1; pool room, ] ; hucksters, 1; manufacturing company, 1; con¬ tractors, 2; draying, 1; excavator, 1; landscape gardener, 2; grocery store, 1; junk dealer, 1; music teacher, 1; laimdry, 1; baker, 1; house and sign painter, 2. Trades: Brick and stone mason, lineman. General employment: Hotel, domestic service and common labor. Assessed value of property, $41,185. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 97 John A. Reed The leading business enterprise of Media is the Union Casket Manufacturing Company, Incorporated, of which Mr. John A. Reed, is president. He is an upholsterer and cabinet¬ maker by trade, and commands the largest patronage in this line in the town. He is a good business man and has con¬ tributed largely to the growing success of the corporation of which he is the head. W. H. Ridley Attorney-at-law, is a graduate of the University of Pennsyl¬ vania, Law Department, and Ann Arbor, Michigan. He read law in the office of the late Lewis H. Richards and was ad¬ mitted to the bar in 1890, being the only Negro attorney in Delaware County. Ellsworth L. Barrett Mr. Barrett is a general contractor and landscape architect and builder. He is thoroughly competent and has received numerous large contracts which were successfully carried out. He has a beautiful home and enjoys the respect and confidence of the entire community. W. A. Furrell A native of Laurel, Delaware, is secretary of the Union Casket Co., and holds a large block of the stock. He is an ac¬ tive citizen and always ready to support and encourage race enterprises. R. Arthur Thomas For fourteen years Mr. Thomas has followed the huckster business. In addition to this he conducts a grocery store at No. 430 Oliver Street. Mr. Thomas is an intelligent, progres¬ sive business man, an active citizen and property owner. C. A. Anderson Barber and dealer in musical instruments, is located at No. 12 South Avenue. Mr. Anderson is vice president of the Union Casket Manufacturing Company, a teacher of instrumental music, and makes a specialty of repairing musical instru¬ ments. His barber shop is an equal rights shop and is well patronized. 98 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Geo. W. Ridley Justice of the peace, in Nether Providence, South Media, and has the distinction of being the only colored man in Pennsyl¬ vania holding a like office. He is serving his second term of five years. Mr. Ridley has held several other important Bor¬ ough offices. In addition to the discharging of the duties of justice of the peace he conducts a large contracting business, employing several teams. He is a property owner and is highly esteemed by all classes of people. Ridgway and St Marys, Elk County There are less than a dozen Negroes in Elk County. Mr. Mike Myers, of Bradford, conducts, at Ridgway, a livery stable and cab service. He has six head of horses and does a good business. Erie, Erie County Population, 400. Churches, 1: A. M. E. Secret societies: G. U. 0. of 0. F, none; P. and A. M., Bay City No. 68; Knights Templar, Physagorus No. 11; Esther Court No. 9, Deborah Court No. 15; True Reformers, 1, Fountain 2874. Schools: Mixed, all grades. Assessed value of property, $80,000. Public service: Letter carriers, 2; police,-1. Business enterprises: Manufacturing of ice cream, 2; clean¬ ing and dyeing, 1; barber shops, 2; livery stable, 1; hair dresser and manicurist, 1; massage treatment, 1. General employment: Hotel and domestic service, team¬ sters, iron and steel mills, common labor. Trades: Machinist, 1; painters, 2; blacksmith, 1; carpenter, moulders, paper hanger. The population of Erie County is small as to colored people. The people are all industrious, many of them quite thrifty. The city of Erie is represented by some very successful busi¬ ness enterprises, notably the John S. Hicks Ice Cream Manu¬ facturing Co., the James Franklin Ice Cream Manufacturing Co,, the Emma T. Lawrence Dyeing, Steam and French Clean¬ ing Co., the Austin Mount Target Paster Co. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 99 There is but one Negro resident in the town of Corry. In Union City a few are employed in the chair factories. The total assessed valuation of property in the county will reach the sum of $100,000. The South Erie Iron Works employ one colored man as a moulder. John S. Hicks, Erie. Some thirty years ago John S. Hicks, after learning the con¬ fectionary trade in Springfield, Mass., located in the city of Erie. He started a small confectionery and ice cream busi¬ ness. By strict application to business his trade grew until Hicks' ice cream was known to everybody in the city. Mr. Hicks began business without a penny in 1877, and after a few years of prosperity, selling ice cream and candy and peddling milk, he was enabled to purchase the present site on which his large ice cream plant is now located, 1216 and 1218 State St., the principal thoroughfare of the city. He has erected two three-story business houses, with large store¬ rooms, which are rented to advantage and bring a handsome income. Besides this valuable property he has several other pieces of realty. Part of the State St. property is used by Mr. Hicks as a dwelling and ice cream plant. His plant is equipped with all the modern appliances and perfect in every detail. Besides several delivery wagons, he has recently pur¬ chased a large delivery automobile. Some idea of the volume 100 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. of business done by the Iiicks Ice Cream Co. can be gained from the amount of sugar used in the business in 1907 and 1908 over 3,000 pounds of sugar a year was used in the mak¬ ing of cream and quite $1,500 paid for ice. Mr. Hicks has recently retired from active participation in the business and will rest from the arduous labors he has put forth these many years. His life has been a busy one, yet he has found time to serve two terms as Grand Master of the Free and Accepted Masons of the State of Pennsylvania, and devotes much time to church work. He has been a Mason for forty years. His business career has been marked by honesty and sobriety and regardless of color he enjoys the confidence and respect of the business people of Erie. He has been greatly assisted in his business by his excellent wife, to whom he gives unstinted credit for whatever success he has achieved in business. Mr. Hicks is estimated to be the wealthiest Negro in Western Pennsylvania. Garmer Stove Company employ five colored, two boys and 3 men—boys, moulding apprentices. Two of the men are mill men, one foreman of cleaning room. Charles S. Franklin. James Franklin Co., wholesale and retail manufacturers of ice cream, No. 118 E. Tenth St., Erie, Pa. The late James Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 101 Franklin established the ice cream business 40 years ago, and built up a large, paying trade. Upon his death Mr. Charles S. Franklin assumed the management of the business. Frank¬ lin 's ice cream is known all over this section of the State. The firm has three delivery teams and gives employment to five people. Mr. Charles Franklin, although a young man, has developed into an excellent business manager, and is building securely upon the reputation made by his father, who was highly respected for his business integrity by all who knew him. There are three brothers and two sisters steadily em¬ ployed in the business. The capacity of the plant is six hun¬ dred gallons per day. Austin Mount, Erie, Pa. Resident of Erie for 27 years, is now employed by the Ameri¬ can Gas Meter Co., as a machinist, and by the invention of several devices that have greatly facilitated the branch of work assigned him, he has greatly increased his own earning capacity, as well as that of the corporation, which utilizes and controls all the inventive genius of its employees. Mr. Mount is a crack rifle shot and has won several medals. He is the inventor of the Mount Target Paster, and has formed a company, consisting of John S. Hicks, Clarence Johnson and Austin Mount. The company are filling many orders and are awaiting the action of the United States military authorities as to the adoption of their target paster by the government. Clarence Johnson. Mr. Johnson has been a resident of Erie for the past twenty- five years and has held the responsible position of steward for the wealthy Strong family, who employ forty-two servants in their city mansion. Mr. Johnson has the explicit confidence of his employers and the respect of the business men of the city of Erie. He is a property owner and secretary of the Mount Target Paster Co. C. H. J. Jones, Mr. Jones is a former resident of Harrisburg, where for several years he conducted the restaurant business and was an active spirit in local affairs. For the past twelve years he has resided in Erie, engaging in the hotel and catering busi¬ ness. Mr. Jones has purchased a comfortable home and is ] 02 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. devoting some time to the raising of chickens, by which he contemplates the establishment of a lucrative business. He is enterprising and progressive. Uniontown, Fayette County Population, 2,000. Churches, 4: A. M. E., 1; A. M. E. Zion, 1; Baptist. 1; Seventh Day Adventist, 1. Residence of J. F. Page, Uniontown. Secret societies: G. U. 0. of O. F., Unity No. 1483; F. and A. M.; Mt. Pisgah No. 21; Elks, Summit No. 115; House¬ hold of Ruth, 1; True Reformers, Mountain 4; Rose Bud; Ladies' Court of Ophelia. Assessed value of property, $54,500; $40,000; total, $94,500. Schools, mixed. Professional men: Physicians, 2; James T. Whitson, U. S. Chapman. Organized bodies: Gaines Cornet Band; Waiters' Christian Associations; Ladies' Successive Club, Mrs. M. K. Catlin, president; International Improved Protective Waiters' Asso¬ ciation. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 103 Classified business: Barber shops, 7; restaurants, 2; gro¬ cers, 2; hucksters, 1; contractors and builders, 2, J. C. Wood and Walter M. Loder; caterers, 2, Mrs. E. J. Scott and F. L, Davis; furniture dealer, 1; wholesale dealer and retail gro¬ cers, 1; manicure and hair dressers, 2; cleaning and dyeing, 1; employment agency, 1. Public service: Mail carriers, 2; police, 2; janitor, 1. Among the prominent and successful business men of Uniontown is J. F. Page, furniture dealer and proprietor of The Leading Boarding House for the accommodation of col¬ ored people in the city. His realty holdings are large and valuable. Mr. Page conducts an orphanage under direction of the city's charities. W. G. Garnis is prominent among Uniontown's citizens. As a business man, Mr. Garnis takes an active interest in all of the affairs of the colored people and is Regarded as a sub¬ stantial citizen. He is prominently identified with the K. of P. and other societies. John M. Jenkins Uniontown can boast of one of the handsomest and best- equipped barber shops in Western Pennsylvania conducted by a colored man. He established his shop in 1889 under the Exchange Hotel, but in December, 1903, removed to its pres¬ ent finely-furnished quarters in Room No. 305, First National Bank Building. It is 27x40 feet in size and five skilled artists are employed. Every modern convenience is supplied and it is the finest in the city. A specialty is made of face and scalp massage. In connection are well-arranged hot, cold and shower baths. Mr. Jenkins is a native of Pottsvillle, was reared in Carlisle, Pa., from which city he went to Union- town in 1883. He is one of the enterprising business men ot Uniontown. C. H. Plummer One of the most enterprising men in Uniontown is Mr. Charles Plummer, originator and president of the Interna¬ tional Improved Protective Waiters' Association. This or¬ ganization is growing into popularity because of its mutual benefits to hotel proprietors and waiters. He is also pro¬ prietor of a dyeing and cleaning establishment and an em¬ ployment agency. 104 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. L. J. Davis L. L. Davis is another of the city's respected and progres¬ sive citizens. Mr. Davis, formerly of Davenport, Iowa, has resided in Uniontown for the past five years. He is vice president or I. I. P. W. Association, and takes an active interest in the business development of his people. Besides managing the dining hall of one of the largest hotels in the city he conducts a barher shop and a catering business. A. P. McClure One of the oldest and best known business men of Union- town is A. P. McClure. He has conducted business at the same stand for forty years. He was born in the town seventy odd years ago and his barber shop is run for the accommoda¬ tion of the public regardless of color. Mr. McClure has been quite active in politics and enjoys the respect and confidence of the entire community. In the last two sessions of the legislature he held important positions. John M. Trent John M. Trent was born in Uniontown and is a product of the public schools. He took the civil service examination for the mail service, which he successfully passed and is now Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 105 one of the two representatives of the race in the U. S. Post- office. Mr. Trent's route includes the very heart of the busi¬ ness section. Mr. John Bowles and Henry Douglass are two of the large realty holders of the city, and are regarded as substantial citizens. The general employment of the colored people throughout Fayette County, the population which is estimated at close to 10,000, is coke drawing and mining. Nearly all of the large coke and coal corporations give employment to colored men, varying in numbers from one to 500. The Oliver Coke and Coal Company employing the largest numbers, the labor per¬ formed being both skilled and common. Hotel and domestic service furnish employment to many men and a few women. The farm lands are very valuable, being underlaid by rich veins of coal, oil and gas. The acreage owned by colored people in Fayette, Westmoreland and Greene and Washington Counties is not large, but the aggregate value, while hard to estimate, will run fully $250,000. New Haven, Fayette County Population of colored people, 400. Churches, 2: A. M. E., 1; Baptist, 1. Property, assessed valuation, $44,750; $8,100; total, $52,850. Professional men: Physician 1, W. L. Weaver. Schools, mixed. Classification of business: Barbers, 5; carpet cleaning com¬ pany, 1, York & Co. General employment: Coke drawing, mining, hotel, do¬ mestic service and common labor. Washington Johnson Has been a resident of New Haven for years. He is a man highly respected by the people of the community, regardless of color, and because of his honesty has been placed in numer¬ ous positions of trust. Mr. Johnson holds a position at pres¬ ent at Harrisburg in the Department of Railroad Commis¬ sioners, and is one of the largest, if not the largest, taxpayer among New Haven's thrifty colored citizens. 106 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Vanderbuilt, Fayette County Population of colored people, 500. Churches, 2: A. M. E., 1; Baptist, 1. Secret societies: G. U. 0. of O. F., St. Paul No. 423; True Reformers, 2 fountains, No. 1004 and No. 1619. Schools, mixed. Teachers, 2; Miss Lulu Tobin, Mr. T. H. Brown. Property, assessed valuation, $9,600; $1,600; total, $11,200. T. H. Brown Mr. T. H. Brown enjoys the distinction of being the only colored man in the great State of Pennsylvania that teaches a mixed school. He is a graduate of the Dunbar High School and California State Normal. He is the first colored gradu¬ ate of Fayette County and has been for several years tax collector for the borough of Vandergrift. Mr. Bipwn holds a permanent teachers' certificate and is regarded as one of the most efficient teachers in Fayette County. Miss Lulu Tobin Miss Lulu Tobin is a graduate of the Connellsville High School, being the only colored female graduate of that insti¬ tution. For six years she has taught grades 1, 2 and 3 in a mixed school, holding a permanent State certificate and being the only lady of color teaching a mixed school in the State. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 107 Connellsville, Fayette County Population of colored people, 1,000. Churches, 4: Baptist, 3; A. M. E., 1. Secret societies, G. U. 0. of O. F., Youghaheny No. 3219; F. and A. M., Mt. Pleasant No. 49; True Reformers, Foun¬ tain 1; Good Samaritan, Lodge 1; St. Joseph, Lodge 1; House¬ hold of Ruth, No. 643; Elks, No. 23. Property assessed, $31,400. Schools, mixed. Classification of business: Professional, physician, 1, Dr. Edwards; barber shops, 6; grocery company, 1. General employment: Coke drawing, mining and hotel service. But few are employed in domestic service. Brownsville, Fayette County Population of colroed people, 500. Churches, 2: Baptist, 1; A. M. E., 1. Assessed value of property, $40,000. Secret societies: G. U. O. of O. F., Monongahelia No. 1305; K. of P., Fayette No. 41; F..and A. M., Western Star No. 36; Household of Ruth, No. 288; Good Samaritan Star. General employment: Coal mines, hotel and domestic serv¬ ice. H. W. Massett has been borough auditor for twelve years. Henry Cox is the largest Negro individual property owner. Business enterprises consist of the Green Lane Cemetery Company Association. Barber shops, 3; J. "W. Halls, cigar and tobacco store and pool room. Mr. Hall conducts a splen¬ did establishment, the only place of recreation for the young men of the town. Carpenters, 1; cracker bakers, 2; confec¬ tionery, 1. Chambersburg, Franklin County Population, 1,200. Churches, 4: A. M. E., 1; A. M. E. Zion, 1; Presbyterian, 1; Baptist, 1. Secret societies: G. U. O. of O. F., No. 1497; U. R. Patrar- chie; Household of Ruth, No. 52; P. G. M., No. 328; True Reformers, Fountain, 1; F. and A. M., Prince Albert No. 17; Elks, Laurel, No. 133; Daughters of Temperance, No. 17; 108 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Webb Union, St. Paul Council, own the building in which their hall is located. Schools, separate and mixed. Higher grades mixed. Business enterprises: Barber shops, 2; wholesale butcher, 1; livery stable, 1; cafe, 1; hucksters, 11; draymen and haul¬ ing, 8. Trades: Plasterers, stone and brick masons and carpenters. General employment: Domestic, hotel service and common labor. Assessed value of property, $29,000. Hehekiah Anderson A native of Chambersburg, learned the butcher trade when a youth, and for the past fifteen years has conducted a whole¬ sale butcher business. He has a plant covering a plot of ground 75x200 feet, centrally located and fully equipped for the business. He buys and kills all kinds of meats for market and during the holiday season employs as high as twenty people, killing and dressing poultry for the Philadelphia and Baltimore markets. His business standing is A No. 1. John A. Napper Is a native of Chambersburg, and conducts a well-appointed hotel and restaurant at No. 8 "W. Market Street, opposite the Western Maryland R. R. station. He is a careful, painstak¬ ing business man, highly respected in the community. Mr. Napper also has a pool room attached to his business. John W. Wilson Electrical engineer, a native of Martinsburg, W. Ya. He has full control of the large electrical plant and steam fitting of Wilson College. He has been employed about the institu¬ tion for twenty years, beginning as a common laborer. He is a large property owner and highly regarded in business circles. William H. Napper Is engaged in the livery and transfer business. He also buys and sells horses, conducts the odorless excavating business and general contractor. Mr. Napper is a large property owner and an excellent type of citizen. Pennsylvama Negro Business Directory—1910. 109 One of the energetic, thrifty business men among the Ne¬ groes of Chambersburg is Mr. John Cager, formerly of Har¬ risburg, where for several years he conducted the huckster business. A few years ago he located in Chambersburg and engaged in the same business, which he is pushing with his usual vim. Huntingdon, Huntingdon County Population, 100. Churches, 2: A. M. E. Z., 1; A. M. E., 1. Secret societies, none. Assessed value of property, $10,000. Schools: Mixed in all grades. Barber shops, 2; restaurant, 1; cleaning and dyeing, 1. General employment: Hotel, domestic service, hod carriers, club houses and common labor. Colored men are employed at Mt. Union, Mapleton, Mill Creek and a few of the other towns of the county. James Barnes, of Smith Valley, owns a farm of 200 acres under splendid cultivation, with several acres of valuable timber land. Fred. K. Duffin Conducts a cleaning, repairing and dyeing establishment. Mr. Duffin is quite a young man and has been engaged in the business but a few months. He is meeting with much en¬ couragement in his enterprise and receiving the patronage of many of the best people of Huntingdon. Albert Duffin. Mr. Duffin is proprietor of the Commonwealth restaurant and has a well-furnished establishment. For several years he was steward of the Elks' Club and gained an excellent reputation as a caterer. He is well known in Harrisburg, having been connected with the Harrisburg Club and Elks' Club of Harrisburg. He served on the police force during ex-Mayor Vance C. McCormick's administration. He is a man of splendid character, always proving trustworthy in every position he has held in private or public life. 110 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Scranton, Lackawanna County Number of colored residents, 400. Churches, 2: Baptist, 1; Methodist, 1. Secret societies: F. and A. M., Oriental No. 80; G. U. 0. of O. F., Sosthenes No. 1766; True Reformers, Fountain 1; Elks, Anthracite, No. 57. Organizations: Brass band, 1; Social Club, Eureka, 1. Property valuation, $250,000. Schools: Mixed. Public service employment, 5; department, 1. Business enterprises: Alamanza Porter, wholesale paper and rag dealer, largest house in Northeastern Pennsylvania. Established in 1890. Employs eight hands. Plant operated by electrical power. Ships in carload lots direct to paper mills. Mr. Porter has recently passed a successful examina¬ tion for admission to the bar. Mrs. Louisa G. Battle. Charles Battle. Mr. Charles Battle (better known as Susky) conducts the Newport Hotel. He was born in Knoxville, Md., and spent his boyhood days in Steelton, Pa., working in the mills of the Pennsylvania Steel Company. He married his estimable wife five years ago and by their united efforts have made a splendid success of the hotel business. Mr. Battle owns considerable real estate in the State of Connecticut. Pennsylvania Negro B usiness Directory—1910. Ill Edward Myers Mr. Myers conducts the only barber shop in Scranton owned by a colored man. He is a product of the city's public schools, although born in Baltimore, Md., having married Margaret Lilly, daughter of the late John Lilly, hotel pro¬ prietor. The Lilly estate is the next largest estate owned by any of Scranton's colored people. George W. Brown Drayman and rigger, storage warehouse, the largest and most complete in eastern Pennsylvania. Mr. Brown has been a resident of Scranton for thirty-five years and at one time was a street car conductor. He operates eleven double teams and two single. He has every description of furniture vans and wagons for heavy and light hauling. He works from twenty to thirty men and his storage warehouse, located on one of the principal streets, has a frontage of 60x200 feet and four stories high. His offices are conducted by himself and T. Edward Howes, book-keeper, David T., a son, being outside manager of his father's large interest. H. A. Patterson Mr. Patterson is a representative business man engaged in general hauling and is splendidly equipped for the business. He is a property holder and highly respected in business and fraternal circles. The general employment of the colored people is domestic and hotel service. Day laborers, mining and a few unskilled laborers in the mills and industries. The population of the city, is close to 150,000. Beaver Valley Farmers. The Beaver Yalley has a large number of Negroes engaged in farming and several who own large valuable farms. We have not been able to get the total acreage nor the entire amount of the assessed valuation because of their widely scat¬ tered condition throughout the valley, and an inability to discover from the assessors' books the Negro farmers. But from as reliable a source as we could learn their farm land valuation will exceed $150,000. 112 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Lancaster. Lancaster County Population, 1,000. Churches, 2: A. M. E., 1; Baptist, 1. Secret Societies: G. U. 0. of 0. F., Esto Perpetua No. 2624; Household of Ruth, No. 645; Elks, Conestoga No. 140. Schools: Mixed in all grades. Physicians, 1, Walter C. Scudder, M.D. Thaddeus Stevens Industrial School. Employed in public service: Letter carrier, 1. Business enterprises: Hotel, 1; barber shops, 2; cafe, 4; hauling and drying, 3; tobacco inspector, 1, American To¬ bacco Company; employees of Conestoga Traction Co., 2; contractor, 1; building and loan association, 1; lodging and boarding house, 1. Stevens Greenland Cemetery Association, Incorporated, owning four acres of land. Assessed valuation of city property, $65,000. Assessed valuation of town and farm lands in the county, $123,200. John F. Payne The Lancaster Kitchen and Caterers' Supply Company, No. 135 E. Grant Street, is one of the most successful enterprises owned and controlled by a colored man in the State. Mr. Payne has established a reputation as a caterer, and carries a complete stock of caterers' supplies, embracing every va¬ riety of linen, china and silver service, both rare and costly. He is a skilled designer in table arrangement, and house deco¬ ration, and serves many of the wealthy throughout the coun¬ try. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 113 William H. Wilson Is one of the best known colored men in the city of Lancaster, and for the past three years held a trusted position with the Conestoga Traction Company, which controls the electric railway system of the city. He is active in all affairs per¬ taining to the advancement of his race and is exalted ruler of Conestoga Lodge No. 140, I. B. P. 0. E. W., and a property owner. George Lord For thirty years Mr. Lord has worked for the Penn Iron Company. He holds the responsible position as a stockman, and employs from ten to thirty men. He owns seven prop¬ erties in the city and a farm of over 200 acres in Franklin County. Paynes Lancaster Kitchen. Mrs. Anna M. Jason For several years conducted successfully a restaurant at Co¬ lumbia. Retiring from the business a few years ago, she purchased a handsome home in Lancaster, where she now conducts a model boarding house at No. 517 Chester Street. 114 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Edward Millin A native of Lebanon County, being one of the only colored families that for many years lived at Cornwall. Mr. Millin lived with one family in Lancaster as coachman for twenty- eight years. He now lives a retired life and is the largest individual property holder of the colored race in Lancaster county. John W. Jones Tobaccoi inspector for the American Tobacco Company, is a native of North Carolina, and has been connected with this great corporation for sixteen years. He is sent to all sections of the country of the United States, and is regarded as one of the most expert tobacco samplers in the employ of the com¬ pany. S. H. Sanders Proprietor of the Elite Hotel, No. 30 South Queen Street, has for several years conducted this hostelry for the accom¬ modation of colored people visiting Lancaster. It is the only hotel in the city where one feels completely at home. It is up-to-date, affording one the choice of either the American or European plan, and is equipped with electric lights, bath and every room comfortably heated. General employment: Domestic, hotel service, common la¬ bor, brick and stone masons, hod carriers, with mixed union. The Linoleum Manufacturing Company. Lancaster Coke "Works employ Negroes about their offices. The Slaymaker and Barry Lock Company employ Negro skilled workmen. Columbia, Lancaster County Population, 600. Churches, 2: Baptist, 1; A. M. E., 1. Secret societies: G. U. 0. of 0. F., Olive Branch No. 317; Household of Ruth No. 21; True Reformers, Santee Birch No. 2194. Business enterprises: Restaurants, 2; junk dealers, 2; con¬ tractor, 1. General employment: Hotel, domestic service, iron and steel mills and common labor. Assessed valuation of property, $27,500. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 115 Isaac Bradley For twenty-two years Mr. Bradley has been a resident of Co¬ lumbia. He is a skilled iron worker, being engaged by the Susquehanna Iron Company as a contractor in the scrap department, working as high as twenty men. He has several business enterprises, among them that of running pleasure motor boats, hauling as many as 1,200 people daily during the summer months. He is a property owner. Miss Helen Hunt Taylor A graduate of the Harrisburg High School and Baltimore Training School for Teachers, is in charge of Columbia Gram¬ mar School for colored children. Miss Taylor has been quite successful in her school work, and stands high in the esteem of the school authorities of the town. She has an able assistant in Miss F. R. Arter, a graduate of the Shippensburg Schools and the Cumberland Valley State Normal School. These young ladies have accomplish splendid work, both in the school room and in the community. Marietta, Lancaster County Population, 200. Churches, 2: A. M. E., 1; A. M. E. Zion, 1. Secret societies: F. and A. M., Mt. Horeb No. 4; R. Arch, Chapter No. 31; G. U. 0. of O. F., Cassiopia No. 1705; House¬ hold of Ruth, No. 123; Juvenile Society, No. 3; P. G. M., No. 154; Patriarchie, No. 80. Schools: Mixed. Business enterprises: Barber shops, 2; notion stores, 1; hauling and draying, 3; second-hand furniture dealer, 1. General employment: Farm labor, iron foundry, domestic service, common labor. Total- valuation of property, $17,400. Joseph M. Stafford District Secretary of the G. U. O. of O. F. for twenty-one years. Mr. Stafford is the father of the Funeral Benefit Fund of the Order and is regarded as a successful financier and is widely known. He conducts a notion store, barber shop and laundry agency. He is a large property owner. 116 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Parksburg, Lancaster County Population, 200. Churches, 1: A. M. E. Secret societies: F. and A. M., Mt. Ararat No. 81. Property valuation, $10,170. Schools: Mixed in all grades. Business enterprises. Barber shops, 1; horse dealer, 1; con¬ tractor, 1; brick and stone mason, 1. General employment: Farming, hauling, domestic service and gardening. New Castle, Lawrence County Population, 500. Churches, 4: A. M. E. Z., 1; A. M. E., 1; Baptist, 2. Schools: Mixed in all grades. Secret societies: F. and A. M., Victoria No. 60; Alina No. 63; K. T. Commandery, Hiram No. 27; G. U. O. of O. F., New Castle No. 3725; Elks, Lawrence No. 18; Norah Court No. 4, Household of Ruth No. 2564; True Reformers, 1 Fountain and 1 Rosebud. Assessed valuation of property, $40,000. Business enterprises: Upholstering and carpet laying, 2; caterers, 7; manicurist and hair dressing, grocery, 1; barber shops, 3; pool and billiard rooms, 2; restaurants, 2; eating houses, 2. Ladies clubs: Paul Lawrence Dunbar, Golden Rod, Martha "Washington, Magnolia, all of which are members of the Wo¬ men's Federation. They also have a Sunshine Club. The Negro women have established a home for destitute children, located at East Brook, Lawrence Co. There are a few Negro truck farmers in this section, and they are meet¬ ing with splendid success. F. W. Robinson has eight and one- half acres of a truck farm. Bill poster, 1; awning maker, 1; typewriter and stenogra¬ phers, 2. Skilled labor: Chain makers, firemen and water tenders in the tin plate mills. General employment: Hotel and domestic service, chauf¬ fers, iron and steel mills, hod carriers, janitors, store porters and club houses. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 117 New Castle is one of the leading tin plate mill towns of the United States. No Negroes are employed in these mills as skill¬ ed laborers. They are controlled by Welshmen and other for¬ eigners, who bar the skilled Negro workman. There is a strike on at the time of this writing, and the American Tin Plate Company are contending for an open shop. This ought to be wide enough for the Negro to enter and remain. H. Del Libardi. Mr. Del Labardi has been a resident of New Castle for the past eight years and conducts a pool room. He has been sig¬ nally successful, and each year he has been engaged in the business he has purchased a house. His home is a splendid residence, located in one of the best residential sections of the city. Mr. Del Labardi is a tinsmith, which trade he followed for several years in Frederick, Md., and "Washington, D. C. J. G. Loving. Mr. Loving is the only Negro in Pennsylvania that has absolute control of the bill posting business in a city or town. He controls 5,000 lineal feet of bill boards, and is also a maker of tents and awnings. His business is not confined to the city but extends over a large territory. He has been en¬ gaged in the bill posting business for thirty-seven years. Robert S. Wynn. Mr. Wynn is employed at the U. S. postoffice and is one of New Castle's respected citizens. He also makes a business of sharpening lawn mowers, which he claims run easier after going through his process. Mr. Wynn is a property owner. The farm on which the New Castle Industrial School for Colored Youth was formerly located has been purchased by Mr. Harvey Neale, of Pittsburg, and is now occupied by him as a summer home. It consists of 160 acres of well cul¬ tivated land, situated but a few miles from the city of New Castle. Mr. John Johnson, of Shamock Falls, Lawrence Co. Mr. John Johnson, of Shamock Falls, Luzerne Co., owns a farm of 160 acres, under a splendid state of cultivation. Mr. Johnson is a genial* gentleman and has met with deserved suc¬ cess. 118 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Allentown, Lehigh County Papulation, 150. Churches, none. Schools: Mixed in all grades. Assessed valuation of property, $7,500. Business enterprises: Barber shop, 1; pool room, 1; res¬ taurant, 1; boarding and lodging houses, 2. General employment: Hotel, domestic service, hod carriers, chauffeurs, common labor. There are only some twenty Negroes in the entire county of Lehigh outside of the city of Allentown. None of the various industries employ Negroes except in one or two in¬ stances about the offices of the corporations. Ida Hoagland Mrs. Hoagland has been a resident of Allentown for several years and for some time conducted the only lodging and boarding house for the accommodation of colored people in the city. Her restaurant and lodging house are located at 401, 403 and 403% Hamilton Street, in close proximity to all the railroad stations. She is noted for her deep interest in all race affairs. William Twyman Formerly of Washington, D. C., and Atlantic City, has es¬ tablished himself in the boarding and lodging house business at 528 Chew Street. Mr. Twyman has recently purchased a large, commodious building, well-adapted to his business, and has newly furnished it throughout. He is an experienced hotel man and well knows how to cater to the wishes of the traveling public. He also conducts the catering business, be¬ ing the only colored man in Allentown following this line. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 119 Bethlehem, Lehigh County Population, less than 200. Church, 1: A. M. E. Z. Secret societies: None. Schools: Mixed, all grades. Assessed valuation of property, $15,000. Business enterprises: Barber shops, 4; hucksters, 1; hauling and draying, 2; managers of fraternity houses, 12; manicur¬ ing and hair dressing, 1. General employment: Hotel, domestic service, hod carriers, common labor. There is but one Negro student attending Lehigh Uni¬ versity. The large Bethlehem steel plant, which makes armor plate for the United States Government, and the head of which is Mr. Charles Schwab, the_ millionaire iron master, do not give employment to more than a .round dozen of Negroes in any capacity whatever. More than 5,000 people are employed about this great plant. A colored man, a helper in the black- smithing department, who has been employed at the plant for thirty odd years has riot been removed since Mr. Schwab assumed control. Mr. Joseph Ray, who has been in the employ of Mr. Schwab for several years, has charge of the dining department of the general offices., where the officials and heads of departments lunch daily. Mr. Ray gives employment to ten people, male and female. Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne County Number of colored residents, 1,200. Churches, 4: A. M. E.., 1; A. M. E. Zion, 1; Baptist, 2. Secret societies: G. U. O. of O. F., Anthracite No. 1629; F. and A. M., Golden Rule No. 15; Patriarchie, No. 53; True Reformers Fountain; Diamond City Elks. Organized bodies: Social clubs, 2. Property, assessed valuation, $75,000. ] 20 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Physicians, 1, Forrest Battis, M.D. Schools: Mixed in all grades. Employment in public service: Postoffice clerks, 2; mail wagon driver, 2. Newspaper, 1, The Advocate. Residence of William A. Johnson T. H. Winder Has resided in Wilkes-Barre for the past twenty-seven years. Besides his interest in the dray business, he is manager of one of the largest catering firms in the Wyoming Valley. Mr. Winder is a splendid type of citizen and a property owner. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 121 John Logan Mr. John Logan, foreman of the B. G. Carpenter & Co., plumbing department, holds this responsible position because of his perfect reliability in the discharge of his duties. • He is placed in full charge wherever the firm have plumbing and heating contracts throughout western Pennsylvania. In his early life he resided in Harrisburg. He is a thorough mechanic and for several years was stage carpenter of the old Music Hall, at one time the only theatre in "Wilkes-Barre. He has been with the firm of B. G. Carpenter & Co. for six¬ teen years, and has worked his way up from store porter to his present responsible position. Mr. Logan is a property owner and a highly respected citizen. John A. Johnson has been a resident of Wilkes-Barre since 1881. He is a machinist and follows his trade, doing general repairing of all kinds. He also conducts a department store. Mr. Johnson is located at W. Kingston. William E. Brown Has been engaged in the draying business for the past twenty years. He makes a specialty of piano hauling. His furniture vans are the largest in the city. Mr. Brown is a native of Wilkes-Barre and is identified with the progress of the race. He works from three to six teams and is a property owner. 122 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. S. J. Patterson & Son The firm of S. J. Patterson & Son started the business of practical tile layers in 1902, since which time they have been quite successful. Their first year's work amounted to $1,300 and in 1907 they did nearly $10,000 of contract work. They lay all kinds of tiling and install wood mantels. Their reputa¬ tion as skilled workmen take them to all parts of the State on contract work. Mrs. J. L. Overton Dr. J. L. Overton is a native of Wilkes-Barre, educated in the public schools, a graduate of the New York and Broad¬ way Incorporated School of Chiropody and Dermatology, holding a post graduate certificate and diploma. Her offices are prominently located at No. 4 East Main St., and are equipped with all the modern appliances. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 123 William A. Johnson Mr. William A. Johnson holds the responsible position of clerk and stenographer, in the office of the manager of coal companies controlled by the Pennsylvania R. R. Co. Born in Wilkes-Barre and attended the public school; afterwards at¬ tended the Wilkes-Barre Business College, from which he graduated. He has held his present position for nineteen years and is highly respected by the office force and the people generally. Mr. Johnson is active fraternally and holds a number of responsible positions in local lodges, namely, Gr. U. 0. of 0. F., F. and A. M., Patriarchie and P. G. M. Council. He owns and occupies one of the most costly and handsome homes of any of the colored residents of the city. J. Smith Williams Mr. Williams, publisher of the Wilkes-Barre Advocate, has been engaged in the publishing business for the past nine years. He was born and educated in the public schools of the city and occupies the homestead in-which he was born. Mr. Williams also has other business interests and is regarded as an energetic and progressive citizen. E. G. Brown Has been engaged in draying and general hauling for the past ten years. Mr. Brown has been a resident of Wilkes- Barre for nineteen years. Born in Lynchburg, Va., and is eminently successful in his present business. He is a property owner and active in all affairs pertaining to the advancement of the race. George C. Overton Is a native of Wilkes-Barre. His father, Charles Overton, was the first colored man to purchase property in the city. Mr. Overton graduated from the High School, took a commercial course, and is a member of Wilkes-Barre's Musician's Protec¬ tive Association, and for a number of years played the traps in the theatre orchestra. He is also a veterinary surgeon and conducts a large draying business for several years, holding the contract for the delivery of all the paper used by the news¬ paper printing presses. 124 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. The general employment of the colored people is diversified. Such positions as clerks in shoe, grocery and dry goods stores are held by them. Domestic and hotel service employ many, common labor and the coal mines give employment to several hundred. Mr. Cecil Gloston is a clerk in Morgan's shoe store, and Thaddeus Smith is a clerk in William Miller & Co., grocers. Pittston, Luzerne County Number of colored residents, 150. Churches, 1: A. M. E. Secret societies: G. U. 0. of 0. F. Assessed valuation of property, $5,800. Schools: Mixed. Business enterprises: Harry B. Patience, West Pittston Mr. Patience conducts one of the most novel industries in the State. He is the manufacturer of all kinds of novelties made from coal, and ships his products to all parts of the civilized world. He has a well equipped plant, operated by electricity, and has been engaged in the business for a number of years. His novelties have been exhibited at the St. Louis and Jamestown fairs, and were among the attractive features of the Negro exhibits of the two expositions. He is a prop¬ erty owner and highly respected. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 125 Charles L. Moore Has quite an unique enterprise. Mr. Moore sells from a wagon of his own design peanuts and popcorn, which are roasted by a steam process, and enjoys a lucrative trade, hav¬ ing quite a monopoly in this line. Charles Wheeler Conducts a draying and general hauling business. Mr. Wheeler is highly respected and successful. He is a property owner and an active, progressive citizen. Mr. Isaac Gould Mr. Isaac Gould is an inside foreman in Coal Mine No. 9, a position which he has held for several years. Mr. Percy Tillman, drug clerk, in one of the largest drug stores in West Pittston, is a product of the public schools. The general employment of the colored people is domestic service, common labor and mining. Williamsport, Lycoming County Home for Aged Women, Williamsport. 126 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Population of colored people, 1,000. Secret societies: G. U. 0. of 0. F., No. 1430; West Branch No. 3344, own property assessed at $1,800; Household of Ruth, Juda No. 2; Household of Ruth, Queen Esther; F. and A. M., St. John No. 26; True Reformers Fountain, 1. Street department, 2; police, 1; janitors, city, 1. Physicians, 1, Mayfield Boyle, M.D. Schools, mixed in all grades. Property, assessed valuation, $140,000; farm land, in county, $50,000; total, $190,000. Business enterprises: Laundry, 1; hotel, 1; groceries, 2; barber shops, 3; restaurants, 2; pool rooms, 2; cleaning, dye¬ ing and tailoring, 1; photographers, 1. The trades are represented by engineers, machinist, car¬ penters and brick and stone masons. Clubs: Categorical Social and Literary, Dunbar Dramatic. General employment: Hotel and domestic service, chauf¬ feurs, hod carriers, saw mill and common labor. The Twelfth Ward Grocery Company was organized March last, and Conducts business at 634 Erie Avenue. The officers of the company are: Augustus Williams, president; T. T. Ragland, secretary; Ezmond Allen, treasurer; David Terrell, manager. Among the stockholders are J. H. Washington, Jefferson Banks, Jerry Fendal. Alonzo Watson. One of the most successful business men of the Negro race in Pennsylvania, lives in Williamsport, the famous Lumber City, After thirty years spent in the lumber camps as a contractor for a large mill company, and as superintendent of mill work for a similar company, Alonzo Watson purchased a valuable piece of property and opened a hotel for the accommodation Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 127 of colored people. Mr. Watson is regarded highly by the business people of Williamsport. He has built a beautiful home, has several valuable parcels of realty and keeps an automobile, which at all times is at the disposal of his guest and friends. He is ably assisted in the conduct of his hotel business by his son, Bert 0., and Mr. Albert Pratt. Mrs. Mary Slaughter, Matron of the Aged Colored Women's Home, Williamsport Mrs Mary Slaughter has been a resident of and property owner in Williamsport for many years. In 1897, having been engaged in settlement work for several years among her own people, she saw the need of a home for aged colored women. She succeeded in interesting a number of philanthropic people and with their aid purchased the present site of the home. It was remodelled in 1908 and at the present time has eight occupants, the oldest being 87 years of age. The home is pleasantly situated, facing the city park, and affords great comfort to the occupants. W. H. Cross Has resided in Williamsport for the past 30 years, and an attache of the Williamsport Dickinson Seminary for many years. Mr. Cross has filled the position of director, and Dis¬ trict Grand Master of the Gr. U. 0. of 0. F. of the State, and is now president of the Aged Colored Women's Home. He 128 Pennsylvania, Negro Business Directory—1910. Calvin W. Anderson. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 129 Calvin W. Anderson Is corresponding secretary of the Home for Aged Colored Women, of Williamsport. Mr. Anderson is a native of the city and an active, energetic young man. He is identified with all movements of race advancement, and has filled his position with such fidelity as to command the confidence and respect of the entire community. J. W. Fairfax, Jr. Secretary, of the aged Colored Women's Home. He is a na¬ tive of Williamsport and a product of the city's public schools. Mr. Fairfax has been honored by the G. U. 0. of 0. F. by election as District Grand Master and District Grand Di¬ rector. For five years he has served as secretary of the Aged Women's Home. He is an active, energetic, clear-headed business man, and is highly respected in the community. 130 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. House Furnace invented by Isaiah White, Machinist-Engineer. Mr. "White, who has been engineer for the Koyal Braid Works, is a skilled mechanic. He is a carpenter and machin¬ ist, doing all of the metal and wood work about the large es¬ tablishment. He has recently invented a hot air furnace for heating purposes, which is considered a great fuel saver, a splendid heater and smoke consumer. It is for the use of soft coal. A company has been formed for the manufacture and sale of the furnace. Mr. White's home, built by himself, is comfortable and commodious. W. A. Aulston. Conducts an up-to-date steam laundry, which is one of the splendid enterprises of the colored people of this State. Mr. Aulston started in the business a few years ago without any capital, but by strict application to business and careful nursing of the pennies. The estimated value of the plant is eight thousand dollars, and is a credit to the owner and an incentive to every business man who visits it. B. E. Harris, Artist Mr. Harris has been a resident of Williamsport for the past fourteen years. He is a skilled photographer and artist, having learned the art under Mr. A. F. Zimmerman, one of Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 131 the leading photographers of the city. Mr. Harris spent some years in Philadelphia. He is building up an excellent business. Watsons Hotel, Williamsport. John J. Strickland, Williamsport. 132 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. John J. Strickland, Tailor Conducts a cleaning, pressing and repairing business at 606 Spruce Street. Mr. Strickland learned the trade of tailoring at his home, Commerce, Ga. He has a large pressing club, composed of the leading business men of the city. His business is growing steadily, being ably assisted by his wife, who is a tailoress and dressmaker. Kane, McKean County Population of colored people, less than 100. Churches, 1: A. M. E. Schools: Mixed in all grades. Assessed value of property, $40,000; assessed value of farm land, $12,000; total in county, $52,000. Business enterprises : Fish dealer, 1; barber shops, 7. American Plate Glass Company employ 10 colored men, 2 of whom are skilled, earning $100.00 per month. The common laborers are not barred from the skilled labor. This company would employ more Negro labor were it obtainable. W. P. Hooper Mr. Hooper is a native of Altoona, Pa., and has been en¬ gaged in the barber business in Kane for the past thirteen years. He has an excellent trade and is located on the prin¬ cipal street of this thriving town. He is highly respected in business circles. Sipio Young is the largest individual property holder among the colored people of McKean County. He was one of the first settlers in Kane and owns some valuable realty in this thriving town. Kane is one of the few towns in Penn¬ sylvania where the Negro holds his own in the barber busi¬ ness. Among its progressive citizens are C. W. Jefferson, William Menters, Henry Young, Grant Young, John E. Smith, H. N. Richardson, L. W. Hunt and Edward Bonner. Norristown, Montgomery County Population, 900. Churches, 2: A. M. E., 1; A. U. M. P., 1. Secret societies: G. U. O. of O. F., Good Will No. 1025; Household of Ruth, F. and A. M., Mt. Pisgah No. 32; K. of P., Olive Branch No. 17. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 133 P., Olive Branch. No. 17; True Reformers Fountains, 1; Mt. Maria Tent and Juvenile Branch. Schools, mixed in all grades. Physicians, 1. Public service: Police, 1; court tipstaff, 1. Business enterprises: Barber shops, 5; pool rooms, 2; car¬ pet cleaning plant, 1; contractors, hauling, 2; calcimining, 1. General employment: Hotel, domestic service, teamsters, hod carriers, chauffeurs, railroad station porters and general labor. Assessed value of property, $25,000. In the towns of Ambler, Jenkintown, Pottstown and Penn Lynn there is quite a Negro population. The magnesia works employ a considerable number of Negroes, and their realty holdings will exceed that of Norristown. There are less than a dozen Negro farmers in the county, but there are many employed upon farms. The entire popu¬ lation in the county will reach 2,500. The G. U. O. of O. P. own their hall in Norristown, a valuable piece of realty. Dr. "Wilson is a graduate of Hahnneman Medical College, Philadelphia. He is a native of Norfolk, Ya. Locating in Norristown in 1890, he has built up a successful practice and is highly respected in the community. He owns some nice realty and is active in every movement in the line of race progress. Mr. Quander is one of the few Negro business men of Nor¬ ristown. He is an energetic, thrifty young man. His barber shop and pool room is run on the equal rights plan and is well patronized by both races. He is a property owner and has the respect and confidence of the people of the community. Easton, Northampton County Population, 200 colored. Churches, 3: A. M. E., 1; A. M. E. Zion, 1; Lutheran, 1. Baptist organization, 1. Schools: Mixed in all grades. 134 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Secret societies: Elks, Tri-City No. 135. Assessed valuation of property, $24,400. Employed in public service: Police, 1. Business enterprises: Cab owners, 2; second-hand furni¬ ture dealer, 1; manicure and hair dressing, 1. The trades are represented by 1 carpenter, 1 engineer. General employment: Hotel, domestic service, chauffeurs and common labor. There are a few Negroes employed in the slate quarries at Bangor and Pen Argyle. There are no Negro formers in the county. The entire assessed valuation of property in the county will not exceed $50,000. Sewickley, Allegheny County Population, 500. Churches, 4: A. M. E. Z., 1; A. M. E., 1; Baptist, 2. Assessed value of property, $10,000. Schools: Mixed, all grades. Secret societies: F. and A. M., G. U. O. of O. F., Sewickley No. 2052; Household of Ruth, K. of P., Sewickley Star No. 40; Court of Colanthe "Wisteria, True Reformers Fountains, 2, 1 Rose Bud, Wilson Brass Band, Company of Pythian Cadets, Colored Protective League Club. Business enterprises: Barber shops, 2; cafe, 1; pool room, 1; ice cream manufacturing and caterers, 1; dressmakers, 2; manicuring and hair dressing, 1; hauling and draying, 4. General employment: Chauffeurs, domestic and hotel serv¬ ice, hod carriers and common labor. Gettysburg, Adams County Population of colored people, 150. Churches, 1: A. M. E. Secret societies: B. P. O. of E. of "W., G. U. O. of O. F. The Elks own their own home. Assessed valuation of property, $10,000. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 135 Professional men: Veterinary surgeons, 2. Schools, grammar grade separate; High School, mixed. Teachers, 1. Business enterprises: Ice cream manufacturing, 1; grocery stores, 1 • horse hospital, 1; restaurants, 3; hack owners, 3; boarding and lodging houses, 4. General employment: Hotel and domestic service, hod car¬ riers, teamsters and common labor. There are a few Negro farmers in Adams County, with a total assessed valuation of $5,000. The total Negro popula¬ tion of the county will not exceed 200. The Progressive Stock Store is conducted by the following officers: President, W. F. Lyles; secretary, J. J. Matthews; treasurer, H. J. Lyles. The company is about three years old and have met with fair success. The business is well managed and well patronized by the colored people and many whites. William Biggs. Dr. Biggs is known throughout Adams County as one of the most skilled veterinary surgeons in the State. For more than twenty years he has practiced his profession and has handled many very valuable horses. He has a well-equipped hospital and for several years conducted the hack business, driving visitors over the battlefield. Dr. Curry, a recent graduate of the Toronto, Ont., School of Veterinary Sur¬ geons, has associated himself with Dr. Biggs. W. H. Evans. Mr. Evans has been engaged in the restaurant business for several years and has built up an excellent trade. Many visit¬ ors to the famous battlefield have been entertained at the Evans restaurant. 136 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Philadelphia And Its Colored People The city of Philadelphia has the third largest population of Negroes of any city in the United States. It was the boast of the city twenty-five years ago that they had the most intelli¬ gent, self-respecting and progressive element of the race in that city. Manhood rights were enjoyed by the Negro with little restriction, and although the schools were always sep¬ arate, the curriculum was equal to any of the other schools. The industrial employment of the Negroes was broad, and the business interest was large. The great influx of Negroes from the Southland has ma¬ terially changed conditions, and to-day the statistics, as quoted here from Mr. R. R. "Wright, presents a condition that gives the people of Philadelphia much concern. The material pro¬ gress of the race is not altogether satisfactory. There is an evident lack of concentration along business lines. There is much to be admired in the individual efforts in this direction, but the lack of combination in the establishment of industrial enterprises for the employment of the educated Negro youth is exceedingly apparent. Representing fully half of the ac¬ cumulated wealth of the Negroes of the State, and equalling, if not excelling, in intelligence, it is not expecting too much to look to the Negroes of the City of Brotherly Love to lead the rest of the State in the highest example of progress. The Armstrong Association We quote from Mr. Richard R. Wright, Jr., of Philadelphia, an authority on sociological questions as affecting the Negro of the North. The following as to the Armstrong movement, recently organized in Philadelphia: This association is named for General Samuel C. Arm¬ strong, the founder of Hampton Institute and the great apostle of skilled workmanship among Negroes. It has been quietly seeking out various colored mechanics in the city of Philadelphia, and has been endeavoring to open up for them larger opportunities to follow their trades. Up to the present the association has been successful in getting in touch with more than 200 Negro mechanics, including carpenters, brick- Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 137 layers, plasterers, cement workers, roofers, lathers, electricians, engineers, machinists, painters, paper hangers, and decorators, excavators and stone masons and various othe rmechanical trades. It has sought to organize these men into trade guilds —not labor unions—whose purpose is to raise the standard of efficiency among Negro workmen; to assist one another in getting work, and to act as a general industrial bureau of in¬ formation. So far, the success of this organization has been surprising. Through its efforts more than $20,000 worth of work has been secured for Negro mechanics, being about 100 different jobs, employing more than 150 different men. It has done work for the Union Insurance Company, of Third and Walnut Streets; for J. Henry Scattergood, of Haverford; for John T. Emlen, of Germantown; Miss Ellen Morris, for the Octavia Hill Association, for the city of Philadelphia, and for other persons and institutions. It has done practically all of the large building and repairing among the' colored people in the past few months. It has altered and repaired the new Negro bank building on Lombard Street, the new build¬ ing of the largest Negro insurance company, the Keystone Aid Society, Sixteenth and Lombard Streets; the new building of the Morris Loan and Investment Company, also on Lombard Street; the Elks' Clubhouse, etc., and it is now one of the bidders for the new Carnegie Library to be built for the Institute for Colored Youth at Cheyney, Pa. Knowing the prejudice of the general public against Negro mechanics, the association has made it a point to get hold of competent men and to recommend only the best mechanics among them, and it has been successful in finding many thor¬ oughly competent Negro mechanics. The president of the carpenters branch of the Armstrong Association was the su¬ perintendent of the building of Pennsylvania Hall of the Downingtown School; he was also for many years employed in the school operations of John D. Rockefeller, and* was a foreman on the Rockefeller Hall at Bryn Mawr College, and also at University of Chicago, the Virginia Union University, Richmond, Ya., the Spelman Seminary, Atlanta, Ga., and other institutions. Its plumber had charge of the plumbing at Bryn Mawr College for a number of years. Another one of its carpenters was a foreman on the Panama Canal up to 138 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. six months ago. The president of the plasterers branch em¬ ploys a group of from ten to twenty plasterers, and at present has a contract for over 140 houses to be plastered; one of its bricklayers is now doing under contract the brick work for ten houses in West Philadelphia. Several of ist men are graduates of Hampton and Tuskegee Institutes, one was the head of the electrical department in Tuskegee Institute, a graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; an¬ other was a teacher in the industrial department in Clark Uni¬ versity, and still another refused a position as teacher in Tuskegee Institute, desiring rather to follow his trade at prac¬ tical work in this city. These are a few samples of the men the Armstrong Association has brought together to give them an opportunity to meet the competition of this well-organized city. Not only does the Armstrong Association attempt to get work for its men, but it attempts to point to a higher ef¬ ficiency. At present at least two of its men are regular at¬ tendants at the night session of the Philadelphia Trades Schools, while they work at their trades during the day; one is taking a course in mechanical drawing through the Scranton Correspondence School; others are pursuing different courses in the same institution or taking private instruction. Every¬ thing is done to encourage men to do the best possible work. The association seeks to give opportunities to work. The contributions to the association go to the salary of a field sec¬ retary, who seeks out men, organizes them and secures oppor¬ tunities for them to work; to a clerk who does general office duty; to rental of office, telephone and incidental expenses. For every dollar contributed for these purposes the Arm¬ strong Association has furnished opportunities for the me¬ chanics to earn $15. For this reason I think it is one of the best philanthropies ever instituted in this city for Negroes. The association has another feature which commends itself; it is composed of both races, who work in entire harmony. Its president is Rev. Dr. Carl E. Grammer, rector of St. Stephen's Episcopal Church; two of its vice presidents are among our best white citizens, W. W. Frazier and Dr. Talcott "Williams, and two others are well-known Negro clergymen, Dr. W. A. Creditt, pastor of Cherry Baptist Church, and Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 139 Rev. C. A. Tindley, pastor of Calvary Methodist Church; its secretary is white, while its field secretary is a Negro. John T. Emlen is secretary. Estimated Population of Colored People 80,000 Eighty permanent churches and several more or less stable missions, with a membership of nearly 30,000. More than half are Baptists. The churches are thus divided: 17 A. M. E. churches, 4,000 members; 5 A. M. E. Zion churches, 2,500 members; 2 A. U. M. P. churches, 700 members; 31 Baptist churches, 15,500 members; 1 Catholic church, 1,200 members; 2 Congrega¬ tional churches, 120 members; 2 Methodist churches, 140 mem¬ bers ; 6 Episcopal churches, 1,400 members; 8 Methodist Epis¬ copal churches, 3,000 members; 4 Presbyterian churches, 1,000 members; other denominations, 1,500 members. In the list of churches there are 100 ministers engaged in pastoral work. There are also three bishops who live here, two of the A. M. E. church, one of the A. M. E. Zion church. The publication of the former denomination is located here, at 631 Pine Street, the name of the church paper being the Christian Recorder. The Zion Church publishes here the Mis¬ sionary Seer. A half dozen ministers of these two faiths are thus engaged in publication work. There are five insurance companies and twenty newspapers, mostly weekly: These are: Chat, Christian Banner, Christian Recorder, Citizen, Church Guide, Church Review, Constitu¬ tion, Home Extension, Cooks' and Waiters' Journal, Odd Fel- loivs' Journal,, Philadelphia Courant, Philadelphia Tribune, The Prophet, The Pilot, Public Record, Retrospective View, Solid Rock Herald, The Missionary Seer, Volunteer, Weekly Messenger and McGirt's Monthly Magazine. Thirty-two Incorporated Concerns Thirty-two business concerns operated by Negroes in this city are incorporated. One bank. The charitable and philanthropic organizations, including those that are promoted by whites as well as Negroes, for the benefit of the latter race in this city, number thirty-five. Among these are the Association for the Protection of Col¬ ored Women, 1506 Catharine Street; Mercy Hospital and 140 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory 1910. Home for Aged and Infirm Colored Men and Women, Train¬ ing School; Douglass Hospital and Relief Association. There are three day nurseries for Negro children, 13 mis¬ sions, 8 social settlements, 4 associations for the protection of civil rights of Negroes. There are 20 lodges of Odd Fellows; 1 lodge of Elks. The Grand Lodge of the Masons is at 409 South Eleventh Street. Headquarters of the G. U. 0. of 0. F. is located in a hand¬ some six-story building, corner Twelfth and Spruce Streets. In all, there are 19 Masonic lodges. There are 6 chapters of the United Grand Chapter, and 4 commanderies of the Knights Templar, and 3 divisions of the Scottish Rite, and 9 lodges of the C. A. P. A. of Pennsylvania. The Negroes have 2 Grand Army Posts—the John W. Jack¬ son, 409 South Eleventh Street, and the Charles Sumner, 1224 North Eleventh Street. The Robert Bryan Camp, No. 80, Sons of Veterans, meets at the latter address, and the Charles Young Camp, No. 21, U. S. A. V., also has headquarters there. In the hall at 1222 North Eleventh Street the Dorcas and Tabitha Society and the Juvenile Good Samaritans meet. These organizations meet at Seventeenth and Kater Streets; Brotherhood of Andrew and Philip, Rose of Sharon, No. 28; Galilee Fishermen, Cherry Blossom, Past "Worthy Chief Coun¬ sel and Holy Trinity Chapters of the Order of St. Luke; Ushers' Brotherhood, Fraternal Association of Philadelphia, Nazarites. Political and Social Clubs There are 4 political and social clubs, all Republican; 2 religious and social organizations, 4 literary associations, 26 social, beneficial and industrial associations. These range from an auxiliary day-nursery club to one of Pullman car porters. Books and Writers. There is a list of 63 books and pamphlets written by Phila¬ delphia Negroes, beginning in 1808 with Absalom Jones' "Thanksgiving Sermon on Account of the Abolition of the Slave Trade." Chief among the latter-day writers are Bishop B. T. Tanner, Bishop Levi J. Coppin, the Rev. H. T. Johnson, J. E. Girt, Mrs. Frances E. W. Harper. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 141 Workers How Divided. The workers were thus divided: Agricultural pursuits, 214; professional service, 585; domestic and personal service, 26,- 646; trade and transportation, 3,727; manufacturing and me¬ chanical pursuits, 3,061. There are classed as professionals the names of 16 lawyers, 11 dentists, 2 druggists, 30 physicians, 6 artists, 4 chiropodists, 2 oculists, 2 electrical engineers, 50 public school teachers, 4 private school teachers, 18 graduate nurses, 22 music teachers, Barbers, 115; caterers, 82; restaurant keepers, 80; police¬ men, 70. There are 48 grocers, 40 tobacco dealers, 7 of whom make cigars; 35 employment agencies, most of them women. Under the classification of "hair culturists and manicurists" are 20 women. "With four buried places of their own, the Negroes have 11 undertakers of their race. Among the business men are a half dozen who have shops for the dispensing of herbs, roots and patent medicines. There are but two Negro saloon-keep¬ ers. Four orchestras are composed of Negroes, and one man earns his living tuning pianos; 4 photographers, 4 jewelers, 3 florists. Value of Real Estate. The taxable value of real estate is $2,438,675, as follows: 18 properties assessed at less than $500 each, • $4,725 52 properties assessed between $500 and $1,000, .. 412,500 529 properties assessed between $1,000 and $3,000, 948,200 116 properties assessed between $3,000 and $5,000, 426,110 64 properties assessed between $5,000 and $7,500,. 388,100 11 properties assessed between $7,500 and $10,000, 89,500 12 properties assessed at $10,000 or over, 169,500 Total, 802 pieces of property assessed at, .. $2,438,675 Representing an investment of nearly $5,000,000. Bank Accounts. The total number of Negroes opening accounts in one bank in 1905 was 2,021, and the total of new accounts was 46,019 for that year. For 1896 the total of new accounts was 50,018, 142 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. and of Negroes 2,000. The percentage of Negroes opening new accounts for the two years was 4.2 per cent.—4.4 per cent, for 1905, and 4 for 1906. This bank had a total deposit on hand January 1, 1907, of $85,966,863.34. There is no way of telling whether the negroes have their percentage of this or not. Their percentage (4.2) would be $33,610,608.26. The cashier of this bank says that 60 per cent, of the Negro depositors are women, and about 90 per cent, of them domestic servants. The men are chiefly waiters and common laborers; 99 per cent, can read and write their names—a larger per cent, than white depositors, who are largely foreigners. About 30 per cent, of the number who open accounts each year close them during the year; withdrawals of accounts by blacks and whites are about in the same proportion. January, the month of good resolutions, leads other months in new accounts, both among Negroes and whites. The highest deposit ever brought by a single Negro at one time was, according to the cashier, $30,000. Only a part of this amount, however, was received, as it is against the rules of the bank to receive such a large deposit. Besides the savings in savings banks, many Philadelphia Negroes have money otherwise invested. One individual, ac¬ cording to the tax books, had $18,000 at interest. Quite a large number have money in bonds and mortgages, and some in business enterprises. Just how much the wealth of the Negroes of Philadelphia is cannot be told. For real estate and personal property, an estimate of $10,000,000 does not appear to be too high, if in¬ deed it is high enough. At any rate, considering the general economical disadvantages of many Negroes in the large North¬ ern cities, the accumulations of Negroes in Philadelphia is a hopeful sign of the race's future. Amos Scott. One of the best known hotel men in Pennsylvania is Mr. Amos Scott, proprietor of the Hotel Scott, corner of Eleventh and Spruce Sts. The hotel is a model of neatness and con¬ venience and affords splendid accommodations to the travel¬ ing public. Mr. Scott is a genial host and has many friends throughout the State. He has been in public life for many Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 143 years and is a man of large influence in the City of Brotherly Love, highly respected and possessing splendid business quali¬ ties. Albert S. Jones. The oldest hotel kept by a Negro in the State of Penn¬ sylvania is the Roadside Hotel, 520 S. Fifteenth St., Phila¬ delphia, Al. S. Jones, proprietor. Many hotels have been operated by colored men in Philadelphia in the past twenty years. Many have come and gone, but Mr. Jones has pursued one even course of business in all of the twenty odd years he has conducted his hotel, and has succeeded in piling up a host of friends. He is always the same genial, whole-souled spirit. Many improvements have been made to his hostelry within the last year, affording larger and more extensive ac¬ commodations to his ever-growing trade. Franklin, Venango County Population, 300. Churches, 2: A. M. E., 1; A. M. E. Z., 1. Secret societies: F. and A. M. Nursery No. 85. Schools: Mixed in all grades. Assessed valuation of property, $80,000. George T. Harding, Tinsmith. One grocery store, 1 barber shop, 1 tinner s shop, gas fitter and plumbing 1, manicurist 1, hair dressing and manicurist 1, plasterer 1, caters 1, job printer 1, tailoress and dressmaker 1. General employment: Domestic service, janitors, chauf¬ feurs, hod carriers, common labor. Mrs. Mary Day is an expert tailoress, and is employed by the leading modiste of the city. 144 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. A remarkable feature of the Negroes of Franklin is that a large per cent, of them own their homes. There are 45 property owners in a total population of less than 300. Among the larger realty holders are J. S. Lawson, store keeper for the Galena Oil Co., a position he has held for twenty-three years; S. A. Smith, Seth Stevens, C. W. Henderson, J. J. Lawson, plasterer, an expert mechanic, who has finished some of the largest buildings in the city. George T. Harding, suc¬ cessful tinner. Jerry Allen, awning maker, plumber and gas fitter. Oil City, Venango County Population of colored people, 170. Churches, 1: A. M. E. Secret societies: None. Brass band and orchestra: 1. Schools: Mixed in all grades. Assessed value of property, $50,000. Letter carriers, 2; U. S. mail transfer, 1; baggage transfer, 2. Trades: Painter, 1; stone cutter, 1; stone masion, 1; mani¬ curist and hair dressing, 1; dessmaker, 1; paper hanger, 1; carpet layer and furniture packer, 1; furniture and floor fin¬ isher, 1; blacksmith, 1; pipe fitter and cutter, 1. General employment: Domestic and hotel service, janitors, chauffeurs, teamsters, coachman. Maple Leaf Social Club. Ladies' Practical Club. Ladies' Embroidery Club. The Negroes of Oil City own considerable realty. The head of nearly every family own their home. Harrison Moore and the Johnson Co., both colored enterprises, control the baggage delivery from the railroad stations and hotels. Among the more progressive people of the town are Andrew Bolden, President of the Maple Leaf Club; Charles Jackson, Devoe Bassett, letter carrier; J. L. Polly and William Frank¬ lin. The assessed valuation of property owned by them is a compliment to their thrift and energy. The percentage of property holders in Oil City is greater than that of any other place in the State, as is also the assessed value of property. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 145 Washington, Washington County Population of colored people, 3,000. Churches, 4: A. M. E., 1; A. M. E. Zion, 1; M. E., 1; Bap¬ tist, 1. Secret societies: G. U. 0. of 0. F., McFarland No. 2802; Household of Ruth, No. 603; P. and A. M., Washington No. 77; Elks, Keystone No. 6; Union Patriarchie No. 139; True Reformers, 6 Fountains; Good Samaritans, 1; Y. M. C. A. Assessed value of property, $275,000; $50,000; total, $325,000. Residence of Charles R. Cox Professional men: Attorney, 1, "W. N. Butler; physician, 1, L. C. Honesty. Employed in public service: Mail carriers, 3; police, 1; assistant custodian county court house, 1. Private employment: Bank messengers, 5. Classified business: Barber shops, 14, employing 42 persons. Hair dressers and manicurist, 2; grocers, 1; caterers, 4; res¬ taurants, 4; blacksmiths, 2; tailors, 1; contractors, draymg and hauling, paper hangers, 1; painter, 1. 146 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. General employment: Farming, coal mining, hotel and domestic service. The city of Washington contains a large number of highly respected and progressive Negroes, many of whom own beau¬ tiful homes and have a lucrative business. Mr. Charles R. Cox; a native of Loudon County, Va., is a contractor and builder who has erected a number of houses and buildings. His handsome home was built and designed by himself. Mr. Cox has been a resident of Washington for nineteen years and learned his trade as a carpenter here. For the last six years he has successfully engaged in the contract¬ ing business. Residence of Lewis G. Mosebay Is a native of Washington and a product of the public schools of his native town. He is assistant superintendent of the county court house, a handsome structure, since its erection eight years ago. He has fifteen employees under his direction. He is also a leading caterer of this section, controlling a greater part of the business in this connection. Mr. Mosebay is an active, progressive citizen and besides a handsome home owns several other valuable properties. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 147 James E. Tobias Native of Washington, conducts a prosperous blacksmithing business. He is a thorough mechanic. After learning his trade, he took a course in the Horseshoers' College of Cor¬ respondence, graduating in 1906 and is the only colored man in this country holding a certificate of the kind from that school. He is now taking a course in free*hand and prospec¬ tive drawing in the anatomy of the horse. Although the weld¬ ing of copper is regarded as a lost art, Mr. Tobias welds copper with the same ease as he welds iron. He is an intelli¬ gent progressive business man and a property owner. James H. Wilson Of the firm of Tobias and Wilson, blacksmiths, was born in Alexander County, Va., and learned his trade in Washington, D. C. He has followed the business for sixteen years and is regarded as one of the best and most painstaking horse¬ shoers in the city. The firm commands the very best trade and are entrusted with the shoeing of many of the most valuable horses in the county. They are chartered members of the Master Horseshoers' National Protective Union No. 166, and have the only stocks for shoeing vicious horses in the County of Washington. Mrs. Geo. D. Brooks Washington has several business women of the race as well as men. Mrs. G. D. Brooks, a native of Sindney, Ont., and a graduate of the Ladies' Seminary of Wolfull, Nova Scotia, conducts a very creditable restaurant business. 148 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Mrs. N. J. Mosebay On one of the most prominent business streets of the city is the business place of Mrs. Mosebay, manufacturer of and dealer in hair goods. Also manicure and electrical massage parlors. For thirty odd years this lady has conducted suc¬ cessfully this enterprise. Mrs. Mosebay, with her aged mother, owns and occupies the home in which she was born. She enjoys the respect and confidence of the business com¬ munity regardless of color. John F. Ware John F. "Ware represents the younger element of business men. He conducts a custom tailoring business, and is build¬ ing up an excellent trade. He is an expert cutter and fitter, having learned his trade in the Fitzgerald Bros. School of Tailoring of Baltimore, Md. Mr. Gr. G. Fields conducts a large pool room and billiard parlor, his place being one of the principal gathering places for innocent amusement for those seeking recreation. Mr. Fields is a property holder and a live wide-awake business man. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 149 Residence of Powhatan Bolden Mr. Bolden conducts a grocery store and receives a splendid patronage from the colored people. He has been in the busi¬ ness for the past two years and is a member of the Grocers' Assembly of the city. He owns a handsome home, besides other parcels of realty, and is regarded as one of the city's solid business men. 150 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. L. C. Honesty, M. D. The medical profession is well represented by Dr. L. C. Honesty, a graduate of the University of Michigan and Fisk University. He has been located in Washington since 1905 and enjoys the confidence and respect of the entire com¬ munity as also a lucrative practice. Adam J. Highgates. Adam J. Highgates is a paper hanger and painter by trade, and has a good business. He is also a salesman of wall paper, representing large firms in New York and Chicago. He owns some valuable real estate. Isaac Ausbury Is one of Washington's most successful men. He is highly re¬ spected by the entire community and gives employment to a larger number of men than any individual employer of the Negro race in the city. His barber shop and bath rooms are prominently situated and splendidly equipped. Mr. Asbury has been honored as District Grand Master of the G. U. 0. of 0. F. of the State of Pennsylvania, having served two terms in that position. His residence, which is well located, is one of the handsomest owned by any of the colored residents of the city. G. W. Wicks G. W. Wicks conducts a restaurant and cafe and commands a large trade. He is a property owner and progressive citi¬ zen. Another restauranteur and progressive business man is William Allen. He also conducts a barber shop and boarding house. Mr. Allen is an active fraternal brother and deeply interested in any movement of a race character. The total assessed valuation of land owned by Negroes in Washington County will exceed $500,000. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 151 Monongahela City, Washington County Number of colored residents, 500. Churches, 2: A. M. E., 1; Baptist, 1. Secret societies: K. of P., S. J. Wilkinson No. 32; G. U. O. of 0. F., Coal City No. 2213; Household of Ruth, No. 429; F. and A. M., Monongahela, No. 56; Court of Colanthia, Lodge No. 1. Assessed valuation of property, $107,000; non-assessed prop¬ erty, $20,000; total, $127,000. Public service: R. F. D., 1. : Classification of business: Barber shops, 6; express and hauling, 2; fish and oyster dealer, 1; machine shop and foun¬ dry, 1; butchers, 1; pawnbroker, 1; detective agency, 1; milk dairy, 1. General employment: Mining. Albert J. Hilton Albert J. Hilton is another enterprising business man. For ten years he has conducted a barber shop business and in ad¬ dition to this he is a licensed pawnbroker and loan agency. During the year 1908 he loaned out over $5,000. Mr. Hilton is regarded as a careful, practical, clear-headed business man, enjoying the confidence and respect of the entire community. 152 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. Simeon R. Simmons Among the most successful enterprises conducted by a col¬ ored man in Pennsylvania is the foundry and machine shops of S. R. Simmons, of this city. He is a native of the town, having obtained his schooling and learned his trade here. His first experience was secured with the Braddock Electric Light, Heat and Power Company, for whom he worked several years as electrical engineer, being finally promoted to assistant su¬ perintendent of their immense plant. Resigning his position to engage in business for himself. He purchased a plot of ground 50x100 feet, and with his own hands built and equipped his machine shops and foundry. A large per cent, of the steel turned out in the open hearth and bessemer mills throughout the United States and Canada are from the models made by the Simmons Foundry and Machine Shops of Mo- nongahela City. The models for the brick that top off the steel running from ladels are also a product of the foundry, as is also the grip that draws up the coal on the endless rope system by the Ellsworth Coal Company of Pennsylvania. Although in business but a few years, Mr. Simmons is build¬ ing up a remarkable trade, doing all kinds of machine and foundry work. He is possessed of wonderful natural ability as a mechanical draughtsman and architect. His home, de¬ signed and built by himself, is one of the attractive residences of the town. Joseph Brooks is among the progressive citizens of the town, besides conducting a barber business at one stand for 35 years. He is also engaged in the dairy business, having a splendid herd of cows on his farm, New Eagle, from which he receives excellent returns. Another of the representative citizens of Monongahela City is Captain William Catlin. He is well known throughout the State and is active in the several secret organizations with which he is connected. He is a member of the Board of Di¬ rectors of the Monongahela Memorial Hospital and served as Assistant City Assessor. He conducts an equal rights barber shop and enjoys the patronage of-many of the leading citizens of the town. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 153 D. H. Gamble D. H. Gamble conducts the leading fish and oyster business of the city, and enjoys a large and lucrative trade. Residence of W. J. Hilton. W. J. Hilton, a native of the town and a product of the public schools, is the head of the Hilton Detective Agency, and is widely known throughout the western part of the State. He is a man of splendid qualities, and is highly respected in the police circles and greatly feared by wrongdoers. 154 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. C. H. Davis, Grocer. C. H. Davis, of Courtney, is a native of Monongahela City, and a veteran of the Civil War, also having served ten years in the regular army. For the past twenty-two years he has been conducting a general store in the small mining town of Courtney, a short distance from his native home. Mr. Davis has been signally successful in his enterprise. He has a well- stocked store, the largest in the town, and owns considerable real estate. Richard Kemper is the largest individual Negro property owner in the city and is constantly adding to his realty hold¬ ings. Greensburg, Westmoreland County Population of colored people, 350. Churches, 1: A. M. E. Residence of W. D. Hamlin, Greensburg. Secret societies: G. U. 0. of 0. F., Westmoreland No. 3326; K. of P., No. 35; True Reformers, Fountain No. 5353; F. and A. M., 1; Household of Ruth, 1. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 155 Assessed valuation of property, $45,000; assessed valuation of farm land in county, $20,000; total, $65,000. Schools: Mixed. Business enterprises: Restaurants, 1; manicurist and hair dresser, 1; pool room, 1; carpenter, 1; dyeing and scouring, 1; barbers, 4. General employment: Hotel, domestic service and common labor. The colored people of Greensburg are few in numbers, but are energetic and thrifty. Mr. James Monroe owns a hand¬ some and valuable home in a beautiful section of the city, enjoys the respect and confidence of the business elements. The same can be said of W. S. Hamlin, whose home, but re¬ cently built, adds to the growth and beauty of the town. Mr. M. V. White has accumulated much valuable real estate and is very successful in the conduct of a restaurant and pool room. Scotdale, Westmoreland County Population of colored people, 300. Churches, 2: Baptist, 1; A. M. E., 1. Schools: Mixed. Assessed property valuation, $5,000; $5,000; $10,000. Physicians, 1, J. W. Clinton, M.D. General employment: Coal mining, coke drawing, hotel and domestic service. York, York County Population of colored people, 1,000. Churches, 5: A. M. E., 1; A. M. E. Zion, 1; Presbyterian, 1; Baptist, 1. Secret societies: G. U. O. of O. F., Hand in Hand No. 3118 ; Household of Ruth; F. and A. M., Friendship No. 42; True Reformers, Fountain No. 1. Schools: Separate; teachers, 3. Higher grades mixed. Physicians, 1. Business enterprises: Barber shops, 13; billiard and pool rooms, 2; cafe, 1; hair dressers and manicuring, 4; caterer, 2; phosphate dealer, 1; hauling and draying, 5; clerks, 1; board¬ ing and lodging, 2; restaurants, 1; manufacturing hair tonic, 1. 156 Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. General employment: Domestic and hotel service, contract¬ ing, common labor. Assessed valuation of property, estimated, $9,400 80,000 Assessed valuation of farm lands and homes in the county, 42,000 $131,400 G. W. Bowles, M.D. Dr. Bowles is a product of York's public schools, the first colored boy to graduate from the York High School, took the A.B. degree at Livingstone College and graduated from How¬ ard University Medical School in 1906, since which time he has been practicing in his native city. He is a member of the staff of the York City Hospital and stands high in his profession and in the community. School Teachers York has an excellent corps of teachers, headed by Miss Ella J. Robinson, supervising principal and a graduate of the local High School, assisted by Miss Mabel F. Robinson, a graduate of the same institution, and Miss Daisy A. Butler, a native of Harrisburg, but a graduate of the York High School. These ladies have brought the Smallwood Grammar School to the highest possible standard and year after year send many colored scholars to the High School. Mrs. M. E. Joice For several years has successfully conducted hair dressing and manicure parlors at No. 120 South Duke Street. Mrs. Joice's business is one of the oldest of its kind in the city of York. Her trade consists of the very best class. She is a property owner and careful business woman. Samuel E. Johnson Stenographer and secretary to the General Superintendent of the York Manufacturing Company, is a product of the York Schools. He has held this important position for seven years and has the respect and confidence of the people of both races. He is a property owner. Pennsylvania Negro Business Directory—1910. 157 Edward W. Faucett Is proprietor of a barber shop, cigar and pool room, No. 122 South George Street. He also conducts a boarding and lodg¬ ing house at No. 118 West Prince Street. Mr. Faucett has splendid qualities and his boarding house is especially at¬ tractive to the traveling public. Harry G. Wood Conducts a cigar, tobacco and pool room, corner George and King Streets. Mr. Wood has been engaged in this business at the same stand for twelve years. He owns some nice prop¬ erty and is a highly respected citizen. Robert Diggs After twenty years' experience as a public waiter, Mr. Diggs has engaged in the restaurant and lodging business. He has splendid quarters at No. 201 South Beaver Street, which has been tastefully fitted up with a soda foundtain, confectionery and ice cream parlors. Wrightsville, York County Population of colored people, 250. Churches, 2: A. M. E., 1; A. M. B. Zion, 1. Secret societies: G. U. 0. of 0. F., Wrightsville Light No. 6838. Schools: Mixed, all grades. Assessed valuation, $42,000. J. L. Jamison, M.D. Dr. Jamison graduated from the Collegiate Department of Lincoln University and the Medical Department of Jeffer¬ son College, Philadelphia, being the second Negro to graduate from that school. He began the practice of medicine in Wrightsville in 1882. His success, both in his profession and in business is quite evident from his surroundings, being the the largest individual property holder of the race in York County.