PERKINS LIBRARY Duke Ur Rare Books \J o x -# i Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 https://archive.org/details/historyoffourthrOObrow ALONZO L. BROWN. AUG. 15, 1892. HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT OF MINNESOTA INFANTRI VOLUNTEERS DURING THE GREAT REBELLION 1861-1865 BY ALONZO L. BROWN Of Company B, this Regiment, and also Captain of Company E, Fiftieth Regiment, United States Colored Infantry. ST. PAUL, MINN.: The Pioneer Press Company. Copyright, 1892, By Alonzo L. Brown. All rights reserved. 4f i PBEFACE. The statements made in this history were nearly all com- piled from official reports, or memoranda made by reliable persons of good judgment. I have no excuses to make for my style of writing or ability to present a more erudite and felicitious production; have copied quite freely from the “War of the Rebellion,” official records, published by the United States Government, and in my reference to the same use fig- ures “v. 17, 2, 186,” which, as here used, mean Volume 17, Part 2, page 186, and where such figures occur they refer to those volumes. T wish to acknowledge my thanks to the following named persons who placed their daily diaries, kept during their service, at my disposal : Comrade George E. Sly of Company A, whose record I found very accurate and reliable; also, Lieut. Thomas M. Young of the same company; Hon. Washington Muzzy of Company H; Capt. I. N. Morrill and Lieut. George Baird of Company K; Adjts. Wm. T. Kittredge and W. W. Rich; Lieut. John G. Janicke of Company G; Capt. F. V. De Coster of Company D; Lieut. John H. Thurston of Com- pany C, who aided in corrections to the roster and matters connected therewith; Col. R. S. Donaldson, for his aid and encouragement. Alonzo L. Brown. Brownxon, Minn., June , 1892. CONTENTS CHAPTER I. Organizing the Regiment — Governor Ramsey’s Order — Number of Men to a Company — How Promotions Shall be Made— Enlist in My Company— “The Officers Get There” — Organizing the Companies — Service at the Forts — Funerals Over the Beef — Or- dered to Fort Snelling — A Regiment in Line of Battle — Places of Officers, Color Guard, etc., when Companies Change Positions — Departure South 17-43 CHAPTER II. At Benton Barracks, St. Louis — Drawing Mules, and also Steel Vests — Leaving to Join Halleck’s Army Before Corinth — On the Roe — The Last Specie Payment to Us— Testing the Steel Vest — At Fort Henry; Its Exploded Cannon — Debark at Paris Landing — March to Paris — Foot Passengers Plant Their Steel Vests on the Rail Fences — “Sum Sun” — “Took a Bite and Drummed into Line” — Ride on the Gladiator and Break It Down — At Hamburgh Land- ing — “Bye-Bye, Shoulder- Scales ! ” — Join Halleck’s Army — Roster of Our Division — March to Farmington and Borrow the Town — Operations Before Corinth — Piling Up the Earth— Rosecrans Takes Command — Schuyler Hamilton — Rebel Bass Drums; Cheering; Explosion; Smoke; Evacuation and a Foot Race — We are After Them — Early History of Our Division — A Glance at Our Army Events After Shiloh — How the Rebels Managed the Evacuation — Newspaper Correspondents “Made to Git” — Two Battery Boys “In a Fix” — Texas Cleavers 44-57 6 CONTENTS. CHAPTER III. We March to Booneville — Farewell to Our Noah’s Arks (Mess Chests) — Burned Train of Cars— Pope Left Us — Back to Rienzi — To Clear Creek — First Graybacks — The Muffled Drum’s Sad Roll — Half of the Regiment Sick — The Angel of Death Comes Often — Terrible March to Ripley and Back to Rienzi — Death of Lieutenant Judd; A Lock of Hair — Governor Ramsey Visits Us — A Change of Com- manders — Halleck Leaves — A Visit to Shiloh — Roster of Division —Charles S. Hamilton — Guarding Rebel Corn Fields and Wells of Water; Five Cents for a Canteen of Water — Pigs Nose About Camp with Impunity — To Jacinto — Off on a Scout — News of In- dian Massacre; Want to Go Home; Men Distracted; Gilman Goes — Good Foraging; Peaches Galore — Receipt for Making Our Ovens — Expect an Attack — March for Iuka CHAPTER IV. Capture of Iuka by Price’s Army — Our Troops Evacuate and Lose the Supplies — Rosecrans Surprised — Price Surprised — Battle of Iuka —List of Killed and Wounded — Personal Incidents — Losses on Both Sides CHAPTER V. From Iuka to Corinth — Battle of Corinth — List of Casualties — Per- sonal Incidents CHAPTER VI. Pursuing the Enemy — The Hatchie Battle — To Bone Yard and South — Return to Corinth — Formation Department of Tennessee — Poem on Death of Captain Mooers — New Commanders — March from Corinth — Strict Orders — Five Roll Calls a Day — Davis’ Mill; Hogs and Sheep — Grand Review — First Horse Stealing Expedition; Visit Gideon — To La Grange and Moscow — Rebels Borrow Eleven Six-Mule Teams — Six Companies on a Scout — Colored Gentleman Borrows Chaplain’s Horse — To Holly Springs; Oxford; Yockna — The Seventy-Second Illinois Supplies Us with Clothing CHAPTER VII. Man Drummed Out of Service — -Formation of Our Army Corps — Yankee Pictures vs. Confederate Money — Enemy Capture Our Supplies at Holly Springs — Our Big Scare — We “ Fall Back ” — Order Numbering Our Divisions in Our Four Army Corps — Cap- turing and Fooling Quinby’s Aids — Guarding Wagon Train to Memphis and Lafayette — Stop at White’s Station; Build Stock- ades; Lovely Foraging; Sixteen Inches of Snow — Roster of Our Division — List of Sick in Hospitals— Our Tents Crowded; “Spoon” — Leaving Memphis — Bunche’s Bend — Down the Yazoo Pass — A Brush with the Rebels — Our Journey Back on the Pringle — On the Sand bar — Go Down to Milliken’s Bend 58-73 74-109 110-134 135-153 154-174 CONTENTS. 7 CHAPTER VIII. Running by the Vicksburg Batteries; Names of the Boats; Particulars from Both Sides; Brilliant Description by a Lady in Vicksburg — Organizing Freedmen as Soldiers — Adjutant General Thomas’ Speech to Us — Officers Commissioned ; Extra Dangerous Service — More Boats Run by the Batteries — We March from the Bend — High Water; Deep Mud — Fourteen Span of Horses Pulling a Caisson — Gunboats Bombard Grand Gulf and Run by Those Bat- teries — Battle of Port Gibson; Troops Engaged — Leave Our Tents and Teams at Smith’s Plantation — Cross the Mississippi River — Form in Support of McClernand’s Troops; then March to Port Gibson— Battle of Forty Hills — Hankinson’s Ferry — Support Lo- gan’s Troops at Raymond — Corn in the Ear — Living Off of the Country — Borrow a Cigar Factory at Clinton — Battle at Jackson — Captain Martin R rises Flag ou State House — March for Vicks- burg — Battle of Champion’s Hill 175-207 CHAPTER IX. At Edward’s Depot — Bridging the Big Black River — On to Vicksburg — Description of the Ground upon which the City is Built — Forma- tion of the Lines — Assault on the Twenty-Second of May; Inci- dents and Official Reports — Rebel Account — List of Our Casual- ties — Draw Our First Full Rations— March to Meclranicsburg and Return — Incidents of the Siege — Lifting Fort Hill — Wooden Mor- tars — Siege Batteries — Letter from Colonel Offley — Rebel Ten- Inch Mortar Shells — Coonskin’s Tower — Liquid Hardware as Canned Goods — Official Statement of Losses in Our Army from May 1 to July 4, 1863 208-232 CHAPTER X. Roster of Our Division and Also of Logan’s Division — Flag of Truce — Surrender of Vicksburg— Terms Accorded the Enemy — McPher- son’s Congratulatory Order — Standing on Fort Hill — Rebels Stack- ing Their Arms — Brass Baud Plays at Sherley’s House — Colonel Strong’s Party Hoist the Flag of the Seventeenth Army Corps on the Courthouse — Letter from General Clarke— The Troops March- ing In— Sharing the Honors — Our Officers Purchase New Uniforms; and Our Brigade was the First One to the Courthouse — “Git Down Off Dat Mule ” — A City of Caves— Extracts from the Wall- Paper Edition of the Daily Citizen; Grant Caught His Rabbit — Removing Street Barricades — Closing the River in 1861 — Our Regi- ment Moves In — Paroling the Rebel Army — Official Reports — On Provost Duty— List of Sick in Hospitals — Colonel Sanborn’s Farewell Order to His Brigade — We Go to Helena and to Memphis 233-259 8 CONTENTS. CHAPTER XI. Leave Memphis and Go to Corinth ; then to Iuka— Repairing Bear Creek Bridge — We Go into the Fifteenth Army Corps— Leave for Chatta- nooga — Cross the Tennessee River — Our Convalescents and Dis- abled Ones Leave Us — Daily Journal of the March; Distance, Weather and Other Particulars— Short of Rations — Details Go to Decherd; Forage Trains Go Out — Pass Plenty of Mules that Had Starved to Death (of Rosecrans’ Army) — Go Up the Cumberland Mountains to the Summit; Down Sweden’s Cove — Cross Tennes- see River at Bridgeport — To Brown’s Ferry and Cross — Camp Near to Crane’s Hill Across from Chattanooga — Pontoons in North Chickamauga — We Cross the Tennessee River — Advance as Skirm- ishers — Capture Enemy’s Scouts, and Fire the First Shots from Sherman’s Army — Battle of Missionary Ridge— Pursue the Enemy — Quarter Rations — Living on Hope — To Bridgeport and Hunts- ville — Big Foraging Expedition — Annual Return for 1863 — To Whitesburg and Return — Enlist as Veterans — Trip to Minnesota— Capture La Crosse — Arrive at St Paul and Go Home 260-286 CHAPTER XII. Return from “Vet.” Furlough — Roster of Those Returning — Our Trip Back to Huntsville — List of Sick and Wounded in Hospitals — Roster of the Third Division — Leave Huntsville for Kingston — Great Suffering from Heat on the Road; Men and Mules Sunstruck and a Caisson Explodes — Embark on Cars at Stevenson — Arrive at Kingston — March to AUatoona and Garrison the Post — Historic Ground — Description of Surrounding Country — Engine Thieves — Roster of Third Division and Also Field and Staff, Army of the Tennessee — Expedition Up the Railroad — Officers Getting There; Governor Miller Commissions Six Citizens Second Lieutenants, who Recruit Thirty Men Each to Fill Up the Ranksof the Regiment so Our Officers can be Promoted, and Violatesthe Plighted Faith of ’ the State to Its Soldiers — Great Injustice and Dissatisfaction — “Atlanta Ours and Fairly Won” — Summary of Campaign — Hood’s Army Circles Around Ouis — Our Non-Veterans Want Their Dis- charges and Can’t Get Them; Are Kept In to Swell theNumbers so Officers Can be Promoted — French’s Division Strikes Our “ Cracker Line” at Big Shanty and Destroys It — Capture Big Shanty and Acwortli — They March for Allatoona 287-304 CONTENTS. 9 CHAPTER XIII. Battle of Allatoona— List ofCasualties — Official Reports — Personal In- cidents — The Foot-Bridge — Depth of Railroad Cut — Letter from Postmaster at Allatoona — Poem — Letter Sending Flags Home — Description of the Captured Flags — Names of Signal Officers and Men at Allatoona and Kenesaw — Letters from Them — The His- toric Messages 305-329 CHAPTER XIV. Corse and Troops Leave for Rome — Sherman and His Army Arrives — • New Recruits Under “The New Issue” Arrive — Our Drove of Eight Thousand Head of Cattle Passes to the Front — Our Non-Vet- erans Leave for Minnesota — We Vote for President of the United States — Sick and Wounded Sent North on Cars to Tennessee — Stripping for Our March to Savannah — Annual Official Returns for 1864 — Receive Our Last Payment until Our Final Muster-Out — - All Surplus Baggage and Property Sent to the Rear — The Eighteenth Wisconsin Goes Home on “ Vet.” Furlough — March to Atlanta — What Sherman Says Aboutthe Composition of His Army, His Purpose and His Orders for the Campaign — Leave Atlanta — Foragers’ Marks on Objects— “Ten Minutes’ March and Twenty Minutes’ Standstill; Weight on Left Leg and Head Under Wing” — Our Regiment Destroys a Mile and a Half of Railroad — In Clover — Several Hundred Extra Horses Shot — Burning Cotton- Gin House and “Rebs” Hid in It — Arrive Near to Savannah — Mussel Stews — Fort McAllister Ours — Vessels in the Offing — Savannah Ours — Strength of Our Army — Summary of Results of the Campaign 330-359 CHAPTER XV. Leaving Savannah — The Dike Across the River — Water Falling; Water Rising — Battle the Elements; Get Whipped and Return — Forma- tion of Our Army; of the Right and Left Wings — By Steamship to Beaufort— Salt-Water Coffee — Leave Beaufort — Charge Through Duck Creek — Big “Gater” — Cross the Saulkehatchie — Twist the Railroad at Bamberg — March for Columbia — Our Army on the Opposite Bluff — Capture of Columbia — “God Bress You, I’se Free Now!” — Drunken Soldiers and Negroes Fire the City — Destroying Arsenal Stores — Old Revolutionary Relics — Leaving Columbia — - Little Lynch’s Creek — Ramrod Test — In the Wilderness — “Death to All Foragers;” Two Rebels Shot in Retaliation — Big Water at Big Lynch’s Creek — Big Black Creek — Raid to Florence — At Cheraw — From a Starve to a Feast — March for Fayetteville — Cor- duroy — Terrible Night at Shoe Heel Creek — At Antioch Church — Fayetteville — Leave Fayetteville — More Wilderness — Marching Over, Under and Through the Country— Cross Black River 360-390 10 CONTENTS. CHAPTER XVI. Battle of Bentonville — March to Goldsboro — Make Out Pay Rolls and Throw Them Away — Many are Barefooted ; All are Ragged — News from God’s Country Once More — Beautiful Camp — Reorganizing Our Army; Its Roster — Leave Goldsboro — Citizens Delighted to See Us— News of Lee’s Surrender — Enter Raleigh — A Memorable Fourteenth of April; Raising Our Flag at Fort Sumter and Assas- sination of President Lincoln — Receive News of the Assassina- tion — Reviewed by Grant, Sherman, Meade, Sheridan, Smith and Others — Johnston’s Army Surrenders — Terms of Surrender — Our Division “Broken Up ” — “God Bless You All! ” — -Mourning in the Smith Family of Officers — In Wood’s Brigade of Wood’s Division 391- ilO CHAPTER XVII. March from Raleigh for Richmond — To March by “ Easy Stages Ten Miles a Day and to Rest Over Sundays,’’ but We March Twenty- Six Miles and More — Commanders Racing Their Troops to Death — Most Damnable Treatment — Beautiful Country — Union People — “Bress de Lord,We’s Glad to See Ye! ” — Pass Iron Post and Enter “ Old Virginia” — No Foraging Whatever— “Geese Strut and Look Wise” — Splendid Discipline of Our Army — March in Review Before Logan and Through Petersburg to Manchester Opposite Rich- mond — March through Richmond for Washington— Colored Chil- dren Bring Bouquets of Flowers and Cups of Water — Their “ Year of Jubilee ” Has Come — PassLibby Prison — Cross Chickahominy — Pamunky and Other Rivers — Through Fredericksburg — Dum- fries — Mount Vernon — With Uncovered Heads by the Tomb of Washington — Reach Alexandria— Disagreeable Camp — Mud; No Wood; Guards Around Camp; No Pay; Short Rations; Army of Potomac Fat and Hearty — The Grand Review — Our Regiment Leads Sherman’s Army — Poem, “ The Last Review ” 411-425 CHAPTER XVIII. Leaving Washington for Louisville — Orders of Sherman and Grant to the Army, “The Time has Come for Us to Part” — Embark at Parkersburg — At Louisville — Rusty Pork for Rations — No Pay — Ordered to Drill Four Plours a Day — The Home Guards Kick — A Mutiny in the Regiment — Eighteen Heroes Sent to the Guard- house — “God Bless Them! They Did Just Right” — The Dove of Peace Hovers Over Us; the Mutiny Only an Error and a Fault — - Logan’s Farewell Address — Honorary Commissions — Muster for Discharge Out of the Service — Leave Louisville for Minnesota — Are Guests at Milwaukee of Eighteenth Wisconsin— Arrival at St. Paul— Sign Pay Rolls and Receive Final Discharge 426-438 CONTENTS. 11 CHAPTER XIX. The Quartermaster’s Department — The Brass Band — Roster of Duty Officers — List of Dead in National Cemeteries — Members’ Services in Other Commands — Final Roster of the Regiment — Reunions Since the War 439-581 APPENDIX. The Ram Fleet and Marine Brigade — Pay Tables of Officers and En- listed Men— List of Battles and Record of Events — Number of Troops Furnished by the States for the Union Army — Total Num- ber of Men in the Union Army at Different Times — Aggregate Force of the Union Armies — Confederate Forces Surrendered at the Close of the War — Poem. “ What Did the Privates Do?” 582-592 Addendum — Eratta 593-594 MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS. Opposite Page Portrait of Alonzo L. Brown (Frontispiece), ... 1 My Hero, The Enlisted Man, at Shoulder Anns, . . 14 Portrait of Gen. John B. Sanborn (Steel Plate), ... 18 Portrait of George E. Sly of Company A, . . .44 Portrait of Charles H. Brown of Company B, 60 Map of the Battlefield of Inka, Miss., .... 74 Map of the Battlefield of Corinth, Miss., . . . 112 Picture of Tishomingo Hotel and Depot at Corinth, . . . 130 Portrait of Leo Cook of Company B, 144 Portrait of John H. Thurston of Company C, ... 150 Picture of the Battle Ground at Jackson, Miss., . . . 194 Map of the Battlefield of Champion’s Hill, Miss., . . . 200 Picture Showing the Front of the Seventh Division During the Siege of Yicksburgh, from Fort Hill to the Solith, . . . 210 Three War-Time Scenes at Yicksburgh, Showing Washington Street and “The Point” up the River, Sherley’s House Near to Fort Hill, Looking East from the Courthouse, .... 238 Picture of Marble Monument Erected Between the Lines on the Site of the Celebrated Grant and Pemberton Oak Tree at Yicksburgh, 248 Portraits of Our Regimental Brass Band Taken at Huntsville, Ala., 290 Maps of Country from Kingston to Atlanta, Ga., . . . 292 Map of the Battlefield of Allatoona, Ga., . . . 308 Picture Looking North to Allatoona Heights and Pass, from a War- Time Photograph, ...... 314 Portrait of Samuel B. Brown of Company B, . . . 320 Picture Looking South from Western Redoubt at Allatoona to Kene- saw Mountain, ....... 322 Picture Looking North to Allatoona Heights and Pass, Taken in 1888, 336 Portrait of William T. Churchill of Company B, . . . 376 Portrait of H. R. Marcyes of Company I, Leader of Brass Band, . 444 Portrait of Alonzo L. Brown, ..... 462 INTRODUCTION My Hero, The Enlisted Man. Heels on the same line, as near each other as the conformation of the man will permit. The feet turned out equally, and forming with each other something less than a right angle. The knees straight without stiffness. The body erect on the hips, inclining a little forward. The shoulders square and hilling equally. The arms hanging naturally. The elbows near the body. The palm of the hand turned a little to the front, the little finger behind the seam of the pantaloons. The head erect and square to the front, without constraint. The chin near the stock, without covering it. The eyes fixed straight to the front, and striking the ground about the dis- tance of fifteen paces. By permission from D. Van Nostrand. Casey’s Infantry Tactics. HISTORY FOURTH REGIMENT MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. CHAPTER I. Organizing the Regiment; Governor Ramsey’s Order — Number of Men to a Company — How Promotions Shall Be Made — “ Enlist in My Company ” — “The Officers Get There” — Organizing the Companies — Service at the Forts — Funerals Over the Beef — Ordered to Fort Snelling — A Regiment in Line of Battle; Places of Officers, Color Guard, etc. — When Companies Change Positions — Departure South. General Headquarters, State of Minnesota, Adjutant General’s Office, St. Paul, Minn., April 24, 1861. General Orders, No. 2: First — The resignation of Adjt. Gen. Wm. H. Acker is hereby accepted, to take effect on Wednesday, the twenty-fourth day of April instant. Second — Col. John B. Sanborn is hereby announced as the adjutant general and acting quartermaster general of the State of Minnesota, in place of Wm. H. Acker resigned, and will he obeyed and respected accordingly. Alex. Ramsey, Governor and Commander-in-CMef. 2 IS HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1861 Headquarters State of Minnesota, Adjutant General’s Office, St. Paul, Sept. 18, 1861. General Orders, No. 18: The Secretary of War, in his dispatch to the Governor of the seventeenth instant, having called upon him “to adopt measures to organize two more infantry regiments at the earliest date possible,” the commander-in-chief in pursuance of said call hereby directs the organization of two more regiments of infantry, to be mustered into the service and pay of the United States for three years, or during the war, to consist of ten companies each, and to be designated, respectively, as the “Third Regiment of Minnesota Volunteers ” and “Fourth Regiment of Minnesota Volunteers.” The Third Regiment to be retained at Fort Snelling until it is fully organized and called into active service. The Fourth Regiment to be retained to garrison the forts on the frontier. Com- panies and men entering the service under this order may elect the regiment into which they will be mustered. Each company must be organized as follows, viz. : Minimum. 1 Captain. 1 First Lieutenant. 1 Second Lieutenant. 1 First Sergeant. 4 Sergeants. 8 Corporals. 2 Musicians. 1 Wagoner. 64 Privates. 83 Maximum. 1 Captain. 1 First Lieutenant. 1 Second Lieutenant. 1 First Sergeant. 4 Sergeants. 8 Corporals. 2 Musicians. 1 Wagoner. 82 Privates. 101 In view of the necessity of relieving the command at Fort Ridgely at the earliest day, possible the commander-in-chief desires two companies of the Fourth Regiment to report forthwith at Fort Snelling for that purpose, and the companies that first so report will be mustered immediately into the ser- vice and pay of the United States, and be designated, respectively, as Company A and B of said regiment. And all other companies, and parts of companies, and individuals desirous of entering the service of the United States in this regiment will report at Fort Snelling, on or before the first day of October, A. D. 1861, or as soon thereafter as possible. All companies filled to the minimum number and organized for the Third Regiment will report at Fort SnelliDg on the twenty-fifth day of September instant. And all companies and parts of companies and individuals that are desirous of entering the service in said regiment will report at Fort Snelling subsequent to the twenty-fifth instant, and on or before the first day of Octo- ber, or as soon thereafter as possible. Companies and captains of companies in said regiments will take position and rank according to date of being mus- tered into the service of the United States. 1861] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 19 All transportation of companies and individuals entering the service in the above regiments will he paid for by the government at a rate not exceeding two cents per mile, to he computed from their place of enlistment to their place of rendezvous by the nearest traveled route. In view of the urgency of this call, and the fact that the glorious flag of the Republic continues to he assailed by an open, armed rebellion, more formidable and wicked than was ever before plotted against any government, threatening to destroy the work of our ancestors, and subvert all republican institutions, the commander-in-chief confidently expects that the brave and loyal sons of Minnesota will most promptly respond and go forth as one man in their zeal and might to put down this rebellion and enforce the laws, thereby adding new luster to the fame already won for our young state by the gallant and undaunted “First.” The commander-in-chief most confidently expects that those counties of the state that have not furnished one company for this war will most eagerly embrace this opportunity to attest their patriotism and valor and willingness to perform an equal part to preserve the government which confers equal blessings upon all. By order of the commander-in-chief. . John B. Sanborn, Adjutant General. Under date of Oct. 30, 1861, Adjutant General Sanborn issued the following General Orders, No. 22 : It is announced that the following companies are accepted for the Fourth Regiment of Minnesota Volunteers : Company A, Scott County Guard, Cap- tain Baxter; Company B, McLeod County Guard, Captain Edson; Company C, Dakota County Volunteers, Captain Donaldson; Company D, Le Sueur Steele County Guards, Captain Le Gro [this of D was perhaps a mistake— Ed.], and the following organization and parts of companies, each numbering over forty men and having a first lieutenant already commissioned, and at present rec- ognizing the following named parties as captains, are accepted, viz. : Sher- burne County Guards, Captain White; Valley Sharpshooters, Captain Tour- tellotte; St. Cloud German Volunteers, Captain Lueg; Parker’s Rifle Zouaves, Captain Parker; Mower County Guards, Captain Mooers. All organizations of recruits mustered into said regiment, not included in the company or organization above named and accepted, may he attached to either of the above named organizations that its members may choose, and the members of said organizations will signify their choice to the mustering offi- cer at as early a day as possible. In making this announcement the commander-in-chief would at the same time call the attention of the people of the state to the fact that Minnesota has already furnished her quota of forces demanded by the general govern- ment. He would, however, express the hope that she will not stop even here, but, like many of her loyal sister states, continue to offer to the nation com- pany after company of the best and bravest of her sons, until this unholy and unjust rebellion is completely subdued. 20 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1861 General Orders, No. 24, of Nov. 5, 1861, announced the fol- lowing officers for the Fourth Regiment: Colonel, John B. Sanborn of Ramsey county; lieutenant colonel, Minor T. Thomas of Washington county; major, Lieut. A. Edwards Welch of Goodhue county. All of these officers were com- missioned on this date. As Lieutenant Welch was wounded at the battle of Bull Run, captured and held a prisoner by the enemy, he could not muster in. Adjutant General Sanborn tendered his resignation as adjutant general, to take effect on or before Jan. 1, 1862. The following instructions were issued by Adjutant General Sanborn under date of Nov. 29, 1861: To the Commissioned Officers of the Minnesota Volunteers, Gentlebien: It is deemed proper to announce, for the benefit of all con- cerned, the principles governing the state authorities in organizing new regi- ments and in making promotions after regiments have been fully organized. It is of the utmost importance in a volunteer service like the present to secure and continue the support of all parties and every section of the state, as public feeling and sentiment and the public interests are at a time like the present closely united. Hence the locality of men to be appointed, the service ren- dered in raising volunteers, etc., must be taken into consideration, and will have great weight in all cases, except when parties can he found of military education, experience and capacity, who are willing to enter the service and take command. In organizing new regiments, all appointments, whether con- ferred upon citizens of the state, or upon men in the rank and file of older regiments, are appointments de novo, and are not promotions in a military sense, hut are made upon the principles above indicated. And it is desired that these appointments should not be looked upon in the light of promotions. It is considered that a promotion is a transfer of an officer of one rank to the office of another rank of higher grade already in existence. But in making ap- pointments for new regiments, the appointment and commission create the office. So when appointments and commissions fora new regiment are con- ferred upon officers of the older regiments, it is not to he understood or inferred that it is done by promotion or on account of extraordinarily meritorious con- duct, hut because, in view of all the circumstances and considerations that should enter into the determination of the matter, and especially the locality of the appointee, such appointment is deemed to he the best for the service and the country. The following rule of promotion will be applied in filling all vacancies occurring in regiments after they are once fully organized and have passed beyond the immediate control of the state government. Promotions to field offices will he made regimentally; to line offices by companies. Each regiment and each company will for this purpose be consid- ered a separate military organization, and not a part of the Minnesota army nor a part of a corps de armee; and no promotions will be made from one regi- 1861] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 21 ment to another, nor from one company to another. The above rule will be adhered to in all cases, unless the commanding officer of the regiment shall represent that the party entitled to be promoted under the rule is incompetent for the position vacated. In adopting this rule we are conscious that it does not conform to the rules of the regular army of the United States. But you will see there is a wide difference between the volunteer and the regular ser- vice. In the regular service men are enlisted from various sections of the coun- try, with no acquaintance and with no attachment for each other, and the men enlist as privates, with little if any hope of promotion, and are usually a differ- ent class of men, with aspirations and ambitions far inferior to those who en- list in the volunteer service. Many of these are among the most respectable of our citizens, and whole companies generally come from the same neighborhood or county, feeling often as if they were members of the same family, and claiming, as it now seems to us, rightly, that whatever office, honor or emolu- ment falls to any one company should be conferred upon that alone, and not be transferred to others no more meritorious. The enlisted men of each company qualified for the position of commissioned officers, of whom there are many in our regiments, are, as it seems to us, entitled to chances of promotion the same and to the same extent as the commissioned officers. This opportunity the men of each company could not have if promotions were by the rule of the regular army. There would seem to be little j ustice in a rule that, when a company by extraordinary exposure and valor on the field of battle should lose one, two or three of its officers, would supply their places with men from another company less exposed. The same reasoning would ap- ply with greater force to regiments. For the above reasons, with many others, the rule above stated seems to us at present to be the most equitable and just toward all the officers and men of our volunteer service. But we have no such pride of opinion in regard to this matter as will induce us to adhere to the rule for a single moment after it shall be made to appear to work inequitably, or the reason for it ceases to exist, or any other or better rule be adopted by other states or the federal government and brought to our attention. “Enlist in My Company!” Recruiting men for the various companies of these regiments soon began, and the tricks, palaver and “soft soap” of the politi- cal candidate, who asks the voter about the health of his family and distant relatives, were soon manifested, and the misrepre- sentations, lies and impositions that were practiced by some of those who were working for recruits, in order that they might become officers in some of the companies, would cause Ananias, the patron saint of liars, to blush for shame. “Enlist in my company and I will make you orderly sergeant or sergeant or corporal, musician or company clerk!” The latter was thought to be a very valuable office, and some of the men were 22 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1861 informed that the salary attached to it was about equal to that of a captain ; whereas, the clerk was a detailed man from the ranks and only receivedhis usual pay. Half a dozen men, per- haps, would be promised the same office, and after the} 7 were sworn in and they discovered the impositions and chicanery that had been practiced upon them, it was fatal to the character of many of those officers for truth. But they seemed to care nothing for that. They had got in; donned their shoulder- straps, “ old cheese knives,” and were ready to be respected and obeyed accordingly. Our victims soon discovered that they were not, as soldiers, controlled by a republican form of government, but by martial law, and that little errors or indis- cretions that would not be noticed in civil life were, according to military law, punished with the most severe penalties, and the code of punishment in the army regulations which pre- scribed among its penalties “ shall suffer death or such other punishment as shall be inflicted by the sentence of a court martial,” occurred with alarming frequency. EARLY HISTORY OF COMPANY A. BY T. M. YOUNG AND GEO. E. SLY. In the summer of 1861 there was organized at Belle Plaine, Scott county, a company of militia called the Scott Guards, of which R. B. Young was elected captain. This company, on Sept. 26, 1861, united with the Carver Grays, of which L. L. Baxter was captain, in order to get into the Fourth Regiment as Company A. It was the agreement that L. L. Baxter should be the captain and R. B. Young the first lieutenant of the new company. Soon after muster, the company was, with Company B, ordered to Fort Ridgely, Minn., to relieve two companies of the Second Minnesota Infantry on duty at that post. On arrival at Ridgely the men were at once put on duty, and almost constantly drilled when off of duty, in order to make them as efficient as possible before the extreme cold weather set in, when drilling outside the barracks would be impossible. Company 1861] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 23 A was drilled while here in the bayonet exercise by 'Sergeant Hansen, who had previously served in the Danish Army, and an equal number of men from Companies A and B were drilled in artillery practice by Ordnance Sergt. John Jones. Clothing was supplied in about three weeks after their arrival at the fort, and it was sadly needed before it was obtained. During the winter Lieutenant Young made a trip toMadelia, and Lieutenant Johnson with forty men to the Lower Sioux Agency, to quiet some disturbance on the part of the Indians, who were at that time at those places in large numbers. On March 17, 1862, orders were received to report at Fort Snell- ing preparatory to going to the front. The command left Ridgely, March 18, 1862, and arrived at Fort Snelling the twenty-second, the time being remarkably short considering the condition of the roads, which were badly drifted with snow. Our baggage was hauled on sleighs, which frequently overturned. The time spent at Snelling was about evenly divided, Lieu- tenant Young says, between drill and cursing the cooks, who had charge of the rations, purchased by the contractor, who boarded the soldiers at a stipulated price per day. HISTORY OF COMPANY B. BY A. L. BROWN. This company was organized at Glencoe, McLeod county, Sept. 26, 1861. James C. Edson started its organization. Several who were members assisted in getting recruits for it. The majority of its members were from this county. The southern part of Meeker county furnished several, and some were recruited at Fort Snelling. The rendezvous for the com- pany was at the old Bates House in Glencoe, where it remained one night and the next morning started for Fort Snelling, William Ensign of Hutchinson and Charles W. Ap- plin of Glencoe going along with their teams to haul some of the men as far as Carver, where the company remained all night. In the evening several patriotic speeches were made, two of which we remember, those of Judge Warner and Peter 24 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1861 Geoghegan, and the next day we departed on a steamboat for the fort. On arriving at Snelling we found recruiting officers busily at work tilling up a company of sharpshooters for the Potomac army, and the Second Minnesota Infantry, all full and ready to move to the front, and the Third Regiment of Infantry well on its way toward completing its full strength. A good deal of persuasion was used by many of the officers of the Third upon our men to get them to forsake the “Home Guards,” as they termed the Fourth Regiment, and join their ranks and go South with them, where, they said, we could see service; but we doubt if any of the men in our regiment succumbed to their influence. The company passed its medi- cal examination standing in line, while Dr. J. H. Stewart of St. Paul, the medical examiner, passed along its front and looked at the men, who, with open palms, stood before him. When he came to William Armes, an old gentleman, he asked him to show his teeth, and desired to know if he could bite off a cartridge. “Put your linger between my teeth,” said Uncle Billy, “and see.” It was mustered in on Oct. 2, 1864. Companies A and B proceeded together to Fort Ridgely, and remained there doing garrison duty until March 18, 1862, when they left that post for Fort Snelling, preparatory to their movement South with the balance of the regiment. Soon after our arrival at Ridgely Ordnance Sergt. John Jones drilled the officers in the manual of arms and company formations and movements, and gave them and their clerks much valuable information in their duties, and very soon after everything was moving harmoni- ously. Capt. L. L. Baxter was post commander; Second Lieut. Charles Johnson, post adjutant; Frank S. De Mers, adjutant’s dark and sergeant major; Peter Weego, quartermaster’s clerk; Fred E. Du Toit, quartermaster sergeant; Ephraim Tipton, bugler; L. B. Klingensmith and Cal. P. Smith, bakers, all of Company A; and of Company B, First Lieut. R. A. Judd, post quartermaster; J. A. Goding, commissary sergeant; A. L. Brown, commissary abstract clerk; Rev. Joshua Sweet, post chaplain, and John Jones, ordnance sergeant, both of the regular army; contract surgeon, Alfred Muller; Indian inter- 1861] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 25 preter, Peter Quinn; sutler, B. P. Randall. Sweet, Jones, Quinn and Randall all had their families at the post. Mrs. Price of Henderson, wife of Sergeant Price of Company — , Second Minnesota Infantry, remained with her children at the post after the companies of the Second Regiment had left, and was hospital matron. Captains Baxter and Edson and Lieut. R. B. Youug had their families at the fort, as did also the fol- lowing named enlisted men of Company A: L. B. Klingen- smith, George W. Smith, Peter Weego, M. P. Clark; and of Company B, the families of Wm. W. Getchell, C. G. Mickel, C. B. Fenn, F. W. Beedle, J. H. Bradford, C. G. Topping, Geo. FT. Gilson and M. McCann. A part of the Second Minnesota Infantry had garrisoned the fort previous to our arrival. S. P. Jennison, second lieutenant of Company D, with two or three men remained behind to turn over the public stores, and for several evenings entertained us with vocal music on the parade ground, where crowds would gather for that purpose, and among the songs, '• Old Shady ” was a great favorite. Our boys seemed very particular in regard to the quality of their rations, and some rusty salt pork that we drew at Fort Snelling and brought with us to Ridgely did not meet with favor. The beef, too, was poor and tough. One day a funeral guard was formed, and with reversed arms, fife and drum, and a police cart con- taining a sample of the meat, the band playing the dead march, proceeded to the centre of the parade ground near the flag-staff for the purpose of having a funeral. While these proceedings were in progress the beef contractor stood in the door of the commissary of subsistence building, looking on, and expressed his opinion in vigorous language as he “ham- mered down the adjectives.” Sergeant Hausen of Company A commanded the funeral cortege. Baxter came out before the ceremonies were completed, delivered a short extempora- neous address, and then dismissed the parade. These proceed- ings greatly improved the quality of the beef afterward issued. As butter was sadly needed to help out the army bill of fare, Quartermaster Judd made a requisition on the state authorities for two thousand pounds. Gen. J. B. Sanborn approved of 26 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1861 the requisition and furnished us with the butter, which was de- livered at different times by Burbank’s teams. Just how the state and the general government settled for that butter we have never been informed. Outside of the regular routine of camp and garrison duty, but very little of interest occurred dur- ing the winter. On New Year’s Captain Edson gave his com- pany a dinner, prepared under the supervision of his excellent wife, who was a lady endowed with rare social qualities and whose kindness and pleasant greetings to all while we remained at the fort will always be remembered b } 7 the members of Company B. In the evening the men of both companies gave a grand ball in the large room occupied by Company B as a sleeping apartment. Ladies were present from Glencoe, New Ulm and other places. The decorations of the ballroom were elaborate with flags and evergreens. The chandeliers were made of bayonets tastefully arranged in groups, prod-end down, and holding sperm candles. Bishop H. B. Whipple of the Episcopal Church visited the fort during our sojourn there and preached to the garrison. During the winter details from the companies were em- ployed in cutting the necessary yearly supply of cord wood and filling the icehouse. A great source of amusement during the evenings was“ Stag Dances.” Fred E. Du Toit of Company A generally acted as master of ceremonies. For a change, and to get away from the fort, the boys would occasionally run the guards and go down to Mills’, about three miles away, and get supper; or, just be- yond, perhaps a half mile, to Jake’s, who, though Small by name kept a large house and a brewery. On Christmas Eve eight or nine went to Mills’, and being disappointed about getting supper, went over to Small’s and some of them drank a little beer, while others fed some of it to Jacob’s shoes that sat in one corner of the room. Finally the company started back to the fort facing a pretty stiff northwest wind. On returning to the fort, they discovered that the offi- cers had been having a check roll call in their absence, going around to the beds of all and noting the absentees; that when they came to the door of the quartermaster’s office the 1861] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 27 loud pounding and yelling seemed to have no effect on the sticks of cord wood that three of the boys who slept there had covered up with the bed clothes. We quote the following ac- count of that escapade and the subsequent proceedings which interested them some more, from the pen of Dr. T. M. Young, which was published in a newspaper: “The holidays of 1861 came upon us long before we were ready. The quarters were cold, and, in some respects, comfort- less. Warmed by great, square stoves of wrought iron, and during the long winter evenings dimly lighted by tallow candles, the only mode of illumination Uncle Sam seemed to know any- thing about in those days. “ We had been for days trying to evolve some plan by which we could bring into our soldier life some of the enjoyments to which we had been accustomed. “Finally, Frank D suggested a Christmas supper for a select few at Mills’, an isolated hostelry about three miles from the fort. “The next thing was to get permission to go out at night. Frank was deputed to see Captain B , the commandant, and obtain it. “ In a little while Frank returned, with an expression on his countenance which plainly told us his errand had been fruit- less. A hurried consultation developed the fact that we must have that supper, and would run the guards to get it. “Accordingly we sent word that we would be on hand for it, and at the appointed time, one by one, we slipped past the guards, met at a previously arranged rendezvous, and took up the line of march for Mills’, where we arrived, tired, cold and hungry, only to find that the lady who was to prepare our feast was seriously ill, and that the supper was an impossibility. Nine more forlorn or disgusted soldiers could hardly at that time have been found in as many states. We had to make the best of it. A few regaled themselves with cigars and a glass of beer, the rest told what they would have if at home. W e sat around the fire for an hour and then started back to the fort, and in due course of time arrived, to find that check roll had been called at midnight, and nine were missing, who were or- 28 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1861 dered to report to the officer of the day for fatigue duty the next day, Christmas, at 1 p. m. “Four of the nine had invitations, previously given, to dine with officers, each of which had been accepted, which, of course, added to the dilemma, for it almost broke a soldier’s heart to be compelled to forego a good dinner. “ Promptly at 1 p. m. the sergeants, Charlie Sherwin of Com- pany A (who afterward fell at Vicksburg), and Dammon of Company B, ordered us out, but the difficulties only began when they undertook to find us. “ The writer was nervously partaking of a sumptuous dinner at the quarters of one of the company commanders, the family being in blissful ignorance of the fact that one of the runaways was with them. The rattle of a musket on the stone step was the signal for a hasty “ Please excuse me!” and an unceremoni- ous bolting out of the back door, and he, of course, was not found there, but was found in his quarters innocently writing a letter home. The others were collected after being the cause of considerable wrath on the part of the sergeant. “ We were supplied with rakes, forks and a hand cart, and di- rected to remove a quantity of straw which had been left just outside the fort by the previous garrison. The tools were prop- erly distributed, and we were ordered forward. On arrival at the straw pile the cart was loaded and the writer and Frank D ordered to dump it over into a neighboring ravine. We drew it to the place turned it over and let go, leisurely returning to the scene of action and quietly taking our places in the crowd which had collected to see the fun. “ Charlie waited a while and then called us. We stepped out, and he asked the whereabouts of the cart. Weanswered, ‘ We dumped it.’ “ ‘ Where is it ? ’ “‘Don’t know; didn’t look to see where it went.’ “He said something about ‘fools,’ and told us to go and find it. “We went back to the top of the hill, looked down, saw it, and went back and reported that we had found it. “‘Where is it?’ was demanded by the irate sergeant. 1861] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 29 ‘“At the foot of the hill,’ we answered. ‘“Go and bring it,’ he hissed between his teeth. “We went back, found it locked between two trees, and re- turning reported that we could not draw it through between the trees; of course we did not know enough to back it out. “ Sergeant Charlie then sent F red Du T with us to get the cart, and with his assistance we hoisted it up until it passed be- tween the trees, and drew it wearily to the top of the hill, where Fred slyly took out the linch-pins, and we started on the run for work. The wheels came off and were left by the way, but the cart went to the straw pile. “ Charlie’s wrath on seeing us was frightful ; for the moment he was speechless, then he hoarsely demanded where those wheels were. As they had not stopped when we passed them we did not know, and so were sent after them instanter. “Frank D went back and innocently asked if he wanted us to roll or carry them, and intimated that three men could not manage two wheels without help. “ By this time the whole garrison was out and all the windows overlooking the scene were occupied by the ladies, while the boys who were not working were almost splitting their sides laughing at the screaming farce. Meanwhile the work went on. “ Charlie ordered the wheels put on. “ They were turned wrong side to the cart and driven on with a stick of cord wood. “ He stopped that and placed them on properly, telling us to load the cart again while he got some new linch-pins, which Frank supplied by breaking off the tines of the fork he was using. “ When the cart was loaded another crew was directed to take it to the hill and dump it and, as the vehicle had not been turned, they started for a hill in the direction they faced, and which was half a mile distant. They had gone but a few feet when they were ordered to halt and turn that cart; which order was complied with by turning the cart upside down and drop- ping the load. There were some more remarks about ‘fools,’ and after much delay it was gotten into the proper place, re- 30 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1861 loaded, and sent by the hands of trusty men, who had not been tried, to be dumped where the first was, and with the same re- sult. “The officer of the day here interposed, telling the sergeant that he did not think we understood hauling straw, for we had worked faithfully for two hours and had only succeeded in getting two loads over the hill, had broken the cart, lost the linch-pins, broken two forks and one rake, and that, in his opinion, we had better pile up two cords of wood which had been dropped on the street, and had to be moved about twenty feet. “We were accordingly marched to where the wood was and each soldier was ordered to take up a stick. This had to be done by military commands as we could not understand any- thing else. “The result was, that when the word ‘ Forward!’ was given, every man dropped his wood and stepped out briskly; we were halted, faced about, took up the wood, put it on our shoulders, and at the word ‘About Face !’ every stick of wood save one — and it had no one to strike — struck the man next on the left, every stick was dropped and every man, save the one on the right was rubbing his bruised head. “This was repeated with variations until an hour had passed, by which time the maddest man in the United States was our esteemed sergeant. Every order had been obeyed to the letter, and yet that wood had not been moved three feet ; the straw, with the exception of two loads, was where it was when we began, only it was more scattered; several dollars damage had been done, the greatest circus ever enacted in the state was over, the sun was setting, and Christmas was voted a success. “Some of the survivors of the above escapade areCapt. A. L. Brown, Brownton, Minnesota; Sheriff F. E. Du Toit, Chaska, Carver county, Minnesota; Capt. Frank De Mars, Fisher, Polk county, Minnesota; Dr. T. M. Young, Seattle, Wash., and several others.” HISTORY OF COMPANY C. Lieut. J. TI. Thurston says the nucleus of Company C was a militia company formed during the summer of 1861 for the 1861] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 31 purpose, if may be, of guarding persons and property at home. The militia company provided themselves with a partial uniform and a martial band, the state furnishing them with arms. R. S. Donaldson was captain, J. H. Donaldson first lieutenant, and Paschal M. Dyar second lieutenant. Uo list of the names has been preserved, but with few exceptions they all joined Company C. Lakeville, Minn., Sept. 23, 1861. Pursuant to previous notice, the citizens of Lakeville and adjoining towns met at the schoolhouse in District JSTo. 3 (Vermillion schoolhouse) in this town for the purpose of form- ing a military company to be mustered into the Fourth Min- nesota Infantry. The meeting was called to order by R. S. Donaldson, who briefly stated the object of the meeting. R. S. Donaldson was chosen chairman and H. U. Hosmer secre- tary. A muster roll was then started, upon which forty-seven names were enrolled. The following officers were then chosen: Captain, R. S. Donaldson; first lieutenant, J. H. Donaldson; second lieutenant, Leverett R. Wellman. The roll was then called to see how many were ready to proceed to Fort Snelling the next morning to be mustered in and forty-two answered “Ready!” The following resolutions were then adopted: First, that we meet at Farmington and Lake- ville (old villages) to-morrow at 8 a. M. and proceed to Rose- mount, and, uniting there, proceed together to Fort Snelling. Second, that the oificers-elect furnish the transportation to the fort. The meeting gave three rousing cheers for their officers and adjourned. When the two parties met at Rose- mount next morning forty-five responded to their names, and on the next day thirty-eight of them were mustered into the United States service. It was not until the twenty-sixth that the requisite number, forty, were mustered in, and the company was designated as C in the regiment. The company remained at Fort Snelling until October 9th, recruiting and drilling, when it left for Fort Ripley, where it remained until during the latter part of March, 1862, when it moved to Fort Snelling. At Fort Ripley, Capt. R. S. Donaldson was post commander; Lieut. J. H. Donaldson, post acting assistant quartermaster and 32 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1861 commissary of subsistence; J. H. Thurston, acting quarter- master sergeant; W. S. Lougstreet, acting commissary ser- geant and clerk. There was also stationed at the fort Chap- lain Gear and Ordnance Sergeant Frantzkee of the regular army, and Dr. Wing (?), contract surgeon, and Spencer, sutler. Captain Donaldson, Lieutenant Donaldson, Sergt. S. C. Thurston, Corporal Chewning and Privates Brown, Easta- brooks, Holman and J. H. Thurston had their families at the fort during the winter. On Dec. 9, 1861, a party started for Leech lake, where payment was made to the Indians. The party consisted of Lieutenant Wellman, First Sergeant Dy’ar, Sergeant Thurston, Corporals Wat- son, Phillips and Dilley, and Privates 0. B. Bailey, M. A. Bailey, Cloud, E. H. Davis, Fish, Goy r ette, Hale, Huntington, Putnam, Robinson, Rich, Woessner and Wilkins. The weather was extremely cold and the party suffered severely. Sergeant Thurston froze one ear while he was warming the other, and several had their toes frozen while in bed. Their tents were set up shed-shape with the front open like a Yankee tin oven, with a large fire built in front. They ar- rived at the fort on their return, Jan. 19, 1862. Quite a party of us (including the wives of some that went) went to the Lower Chippewa Agency 7 near Crow Wing. We found the Indians a dirty, shiftless set. Their tents were made of mat- ting, birch bark or old blankets wrapped around poles set slanting and tied together at the top, with a hole left for the smoke to escape through. Some only had pine boughs for shelter. The camp was filthy beyond description. We arrived just as the funeral obsequies of a squaw had been concluded (she was drowned, while drunk, in the Gull river). Private William Kent sang the funeral dirge, “Away Down South in Dixie,” which was exceedingly gratifying to the relatives of the deceased. The mother sat fry the side of the grave howling most hideously. On Christmas night, 1861, the boy’s had one of the large dining rooms at the fort deco- rated with flags, evergreens and pictures, and after enjoying a good supper finished the night with a dance. Over thirty ladies were present, quite a number of them being from Crow 1861] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 33 Wing and Little Falls. Bishop Whipple held service once and performed the rite of confirmation, John H. Thurston receiving the same. One night the quarters were on fire, but by the exertions of our men it was soon under control. After spending the winter very pleasantly, the company went to Fort Snelling in the latter part of March. [The militia company here spoken of was Company D, Thirteenth Regiment, Fifth Brigade, Third Division ; captain, R. S. Donaldson; first lieutenant, P. M. Dyar; second lieuten- ant, L. R. Wellman; third lieutenant, John Houts; and forty- eight privates, organized July 13, 1861. — Ed.] HISTORY OF COMPANY D. BY CAPT. F. Y. DE COSTER. Oct. 1, 1861, forty-seven privates of Company D from dif- ferent parts of the state assembled at St. Cloud and were quartered in different houses, slept on the floor and drilled daily with a few old muskets until the seventh, when the company started for Fort Snelling to be mustered in. The company returned to St. Cloud, where we remained until the eighteenth, drilling daily; then started on the road for Fort Abercrombie, N. D. The first day we marched twenty-five miles; the nineteenth, twenty miles, and camped near Sauk river. Sunday, the twentieth, marched eight miles, a little more than a Sabbath day’s journey, and camped at Melbourne, a city consisting of two log houses. Monday, the twenty-first, rained all day , but we marched twenty-five miles and still patriotic. Twenty-second, marched eighteen miles over the meanest kind of a road, through the woods. Twenty-third, marched eighteen miles; very disagreeable day. Twenty-fourth, marched thirty-two miles and camped near the Otter Tail river. Twenty- fifth, marched twenty-eight miles and camped at Breckenridge, a city of one house five stories high. Saturday, the twenty- sixth, marched fourteen miles and arrived at the fort at 1:00 P. M., where, with Company G, with Captain Lueg commanding, after they arrived, we held the fort for the winter. Company G 3 34 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1861 arrived on December 9th, at which time government clothing was issued to us. By this time we were pretty raggedandcold. The winter was a very severe one and the mercury way down in the sixties. But we drilled every day, no matter what the state [of the weather was, and on Sundays had inspection and dress parade. We fell into line with our guns and accouter- ments in perfect order, and our buttons, hat ornaments and shoulder scales bright and shining. By the way, the greater part of those shoulder scales were thrown into the Tennessee river, when on our way to real war. After dress parade we were invited into the barracks, where Captain Inman (who was a minister) p fl w h ed to us of a much hotter climate than we were then enjoying. Although the winter was severe and the discipline'quite rigid, we had some good and jolly times, as well as some novel and stirring ones. We had a debating and speaking school. One night there was to be a dance atBreck- enridge and fourteen of our boys went. It was on a bitter cold night and it was a leap-year party, but there was only one girl there and all of the boys wanted to dance with her. The beef issued to us was terribly poor and tough and the boys made many a complaint about it, but still the poor beef was issued; so one day a part of Company G, commanded by a one-eyed sergeant, tied a long rope to a quarter of it and dragged it across the parade ground, they pawing and bellow- ing, and followed by a squad with reversed arms. They dragged it outside the grounds, buried it, and then fired a volley over the grave. Very soon the long roll was beaten and the men all fell into line, when Captain Inman appeared, with drawn sword, and gave the men a regular raking down — talked about mutiny and insubordination and the conse- quences, and just as he finished some fellow cried out: “ Captain, you did not say anything about the bull-beef.” The only answer was, “Right face! Break ranks! March!” As winter passed we began to fear the war would end before we saw any fighting, but when we got near Corinth and heard the big guns, we began to be afraid that we would see some, and we did. We left Fort Abercrombie in March in covered government sleighs, and the snow in places (through 1861] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 35 ravines) twenty feet deep, which was getting soft. The mules would sink in to their bodies, and occasionally go in all over, and we would have to unharness them, get them on their sides and pull them over, and also pull over the sleighs by hand. Many of our men became snow-blind and were badly disabled, but when we got to St. Cloud the snow was gone. We marched from there to Fort Snelling. Before entering Minneapolis our knapsacks were taken from the wagons and strapped upon our backs and we carried them to the fort. While crossing the suspension bridge we were ordered to break step, for fear of breaking down the uoble structure, and we with it be carried over the raging falls. [Company A — Twentieth Regiment, Seventh Brigade, Fourth Division, Frontier Rifle Guards, Stearns county. Captain, Thomas E. Inman; first lieutenant, Benjamin F. Butler; second lieutenant, Solomon F. Brown. Sixty-one privates. Organized June 22, 1861. — General Sanborn's Report. This militia company was the nucleus of Company D. — Ed.] HISTORY OF COMPANY E. BY LIEUT. ROBERT WINEGAR. The following brief statement, written by Lieutenant Wine- gar, is all that we have been able to learn of the early history of this company, except the information contained in the ros- ter of the regiment: “We made our headquarters at Ottawa, Le Sueur county. I raised some of the men in this place and some in Le Sueur and Cleveland, and some in Nicollet and Sibley counties. When I had forty-seven or forty-eight I got teams and took them down to Fort Snelling. After we had been to the fort a few days Captain Le Gro came up from Owatonna with twelve or fourteen men and wanted to join our company. As Le Gro had been in the Mexican War we gave him the cap- taincy, and I was elected first lieutenant. When we were here we called our company ‘ The Sharpshooters,’ and we drilled 36 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1861 three times a week. I do not know where Le Gro is, and have not heard from him for twenty years. “R. Winegar, Ottawa , Le Sueur County. “ Jan. 30, 1888.” HISTORY OF COMPANY F. BY CAPT. ASA W. WHITE. Capt. Asa W. White of Albert Lea has kindly furnished us with the following brief sketch of the early history and or- ganization of this company: “ The company was recruited principally in Freeborn county, under call for the first three hundred thousand. Un- der instructions from Adjt. Gen. J. B. Sanborn, I commenced enrolling in August, 1861. Left Albert Lea October 8th with sixty men in teams for Fort Snelling; arrived there on the eleventh, and on that day enrolled eighty-eight men in the service as one of the incomplete companies of the Third Regi- ment; was afterward assigned to the Fourth, having failed to recruit up to the minimum number in time to be mustered be- fore the Third was full. My commission was dated Oct. 31, 1861. We left Fort Snelling in detachments one day apart. Five companies, with headquarters and the band, were on our boat, the Hawkeye State, and we were on the last boat that left Fort Snelling for the South. Color Guard Corporal Perry H. Jew’ett of Company F was assigned to the color guard at its organization at Fort Snelling, and carried the state colors until the battle of Iuka, in September, 1862, when he was relieved. Sergt. Henry R. Loomis carried the national colors after the death of Sergeant Colter at Memphis, until the twenty-second of May, 1863. Company Fwas the color company at that time and on the day of the assault he acted in that capacity. Cor- poral Metzler of Company H carried the state flag; they were both wounded as we lay in front of the enemy’s fort — Metzler a scalp wound; Loomis, shot through the lungs (is still a sufferer from the woundand lives near Albert Lea). Under directions of Colonel Tourtellotte I placed the color guard. The regiment 1861] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 37 then formed on it to the right and left — the color guard on the left of Company F. Lieutenant Wheeler was on staff duty with the division commanders a great part of the time during his service.” HISTORY OF COMPANY G. BY LIEUT. GEORGE HANSEN. “ St. Clout, Minn., July 25, 1888. “About two-thirds of Company G was raised by Captain Lueg and Lieutenant St. Cyr. When we came to Fort Snell- ing in the fall of 1861, Lieut. D. M. G. Murphy joined the company with a number of men he had raised, and then the company was organized. Companies G and D went to Fort Abercrombie. Fifty men of Company G, with Lieutenant St. Cyrin charge, remained with Company D at Fort Abercrombie. In March, 1862, we joined the regiment again at Fort Snell- ing. I think Captain Inman of Company D commanded at Abercrombie. “Very truly, yours in fraternity, charity and loyalty. “George Hansen.” The foregoing is all that we have been able to obtain of the history of Company G, except the following from Adjutant General Sanborn’s report, which refers to Company G : “ One company marched to Fort Abercrombie, after the snow fell, a distance of three hundred miles, through a country sparsely in- habited, with the thermometer below zero a considerable por- tion of the time, and at sixteen degrees below some of the time, and camped all the time when not on the march.” HISTORY OF COMPANY H. BY CAPT. GEORGE A. CLARKE. Company H was raised at Mankato and St. Peter, being re- cruited in Blue Earth and Nicollet counties by John E. Tour- tellotte, George A. Clarke and Gibson S. Patch, in August and September, 1861. It was originally intended to be a part of 38 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1861 the Third Regiment, but more companies being recruited than would till the Third, we were put into the Fourth much against our will; it being understood that the Third was to go South, and the Fourth to garrison home forts. The first squad was mustered in at Fort Snelling on Sept. 26 and 30, 1861, and un- assigned until the muster in of the regiment, December 20th. The first squad enrolled September 26tli and 30th as Valley Sharpshooters. When the company left St. Peter it had eighty men; when it arrived at Fort Snelling it had about sixty; but when it mustered it had forty-four, who were the only ones who proved true; afterward the balance were enlisted up to the full number. The company was stationed at Fort Snell- ing, doing guard dut}^ and drilling with Companies E, F, land K, until April 20, 1862, when we embarked on the steamboat Hawkeye State for St. Louis, Mo. General Tourtellotte wrote us under a recent date as follows: “When in Winona, Minn., on a visit a few years since, a man, formerly of Company E, came to see me. When he left me he told Judge Wilson I said, ‘With a thousand men like him I could wipe out hell.’ Well, I must correct his state- ment somewhat, but I probably did, and now do say, that with a thousand such men as could be picked from that regiment as much could be done as with any thousand men in the world. It was a quiet, modest, trusty, brave, splendid regiment, and I am proud to have my name connected with it. When my com- pany was transferred from the Third to the Fourth Minnesota at Fort Snelling, I thought I had been disgraced, as it was thought the Fourth would never go South, but that transfer was good fortune both to my company and to myself. The historian ought to know such things, although I know he can- not use them.” The historian concluded to copy the letter and take his chances. HISTORY OF COMPANY I. We are indebted to Capt. Henry Platt for the following brief sketch of Company I. About June, 1861, there was formed at Warsaw, Rice county, a militia company by the name of Warsaw Rifles, with the 1861] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 39 following officers, viz.: Captain, John H. Parker; first lieuten- ant, T. G. Tallman; second lieutenant, Henry Platt. Said com- pany then belonged to the Eighth Regiment, Second Brigade, First Division, Minnesota Militia, was armed and equipped by the state, drilled every Saturday and kept constantly in readi- ness as there was fear of Indian troubles. At the call by the President and Governor for more troops to crush the wicked rebellion, a great many men of the militia company responded to their country’s call, and enrolled themselves in the Fourth Regiment, Oct. 14, 1861, with one commissioned officer, First Lieut. Henry Platt, at Fort Snelling, whose commission dates Dec. 23, 1861. John H. Parker was commissioned as captain and Ed. Foster as second lieutenant, and the company be- came Company I and was the left color company. The first color bearer of the regiment was Sergt. Johnson Colter of my company, who was drowned at Memphis, Tenn. [Company A — Eighth Regiment, Second Brigade, First Divi- sion, Warsaw Rifles, Rice county. Captain, J. H. Parker; first lieutenant, T. G. Tallman; second lieutenant, Henry Platt; third lieutenant, G. W. Frink. Fifty-three privates. Organized July 6, 1861 . — General Sanborn’s Report. — Ed.] HISTORY OF COMPANY K. BY CAPTAIN I. N. MERRILL. The nucleus of Company K was raised in and about Otranto, near to the state line of Minnesota and Iowa, in Mower county, which was at that time the residence of Robert P. Mooers, who was engaged in business there. Mr. W. E. Spencer, at LeRoy, same county, was also engaged in raising recruits for the same company; also at Austin, Minn., others were joining. We finally organized together under the name of the Mower County Guards, and arrived at Fort Snelling October, 1861. The Fourth Minnesota Regiment was filled except the last company. We found on our arrival a part of a company, which had been raised in and about St. Paul, through the efforts of L. B. 40 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 Martin and George Sherbrooke, a lawyer (who was afterward shot at the assault of Vicksburg); so the two parts of companies consolidated. Mooers from Mower county as captain, L. B. Martin from St. Paul as first lieutenant, W. E. Spence as sec- ond lieutenant. Mooers waited for a time until the men be- came acquainted, when he proposed that the non-commissioned officers should be elected by ballot instead of his appointing them. When the regiment got orders to go South W. E. Spencer re- signed in favor of I. N. Morrill, who had been elected by bal- lot to the office of orderly sergeant. In reference to Captain Mooers, and no more than is due to his memory in behalf of Company K, will say he was a gentleman, a true patriot, and a truer, braver man than he never went from home to defend his country. His death was regretted and deeply mourned by the company. Captain Mooers was shot and instantly killed at the engagement at Corinth, on Oct. 3, 1862. L. B. Martin at that time being on detached service the command of Company K devolved upon I. N. Morrill, who commanded it until the date of his muster out of service, on Dec. 22, 1864, at Savan- nah, Ga. In regard to Company K, I would say that they were well organized, well drilled, and as well disposed and brave a com- pany as, I believe, existed in the regiment. Their relations to their officers and to each other were of the most friendly na- ture, and the feeling has, I believe, been strengthened as it has been cherished by each member. Brave in battle, all they needed was plenty of cartridges and hardtack, and they would wade through whatever was before them. [All of the companies of this regiment were mustered into the United States service by Capt. D. Anderson Nelson, Tenth United States Infantry, who was the United States mustering officer stationed at Fort Snelling, w 7 hich was the rendezvous and headquarters for recruiting and other military purposes in Minnesota. — Ed.] Off for the South. On March 18, 1862, Adjt. Gen. 0. Malmros, in General Orders, No. 1, ordered the Fourth Regiment to proceed to St. 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY YOLUNTEERS. 41 Louis, Mo. But as navigation on the river had not yet opened, he, on March 19th, issued General Orders, No. 2, which directed a delay of the movement until navigation was opened. Orders were sent at once to the commanders of the troop at the frontier posts, and they were directed to proceed to Fort Snelling. An infantry regiment in line of battle consists of two lines or ranks of men standing thirteen inches apart, the captain of each company standing in the front rank on the right of his company. The first sergeant, or orderly sergeant as he is commonly called, stands behind the captain. The corporals stand in the front rank, on the right and left of platoons. The other sergeants and the lieutenants stand two paces in the rear of the rear rank and are called file closers. The lieutenant colonel and major stand twelve paces in rear of these and the colonel thirty-five paces. The color guard is composed of eight corporals and is posted on the left of the right centre company, of which compauy for the time being, it forms a part. The color sergeant, or color bearer, stands in the front rank with a corporal on each side of him. The other six corporals stand behind in two ranks, the last rank in line with the file closers. In our formation of infantry regiments we had ten compa- nies, numbered and lettered from one to ten, as follows: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I and K. These companies were divided into two classes, senior and junior. The captains of Compa- nies A, B, C, DandE were senior and of F, G, H, I and K junior captains. In forming a line of battle the ten companies were placed from right to left, according to the rank of captains as follows : The senior captain (A) on the extreme right and with him the first junior (F) on his left; the second senior (B) on the extreme left with the second junior (G) on his right; the third senior (C) on the right centre, with the third junior (H) on his left; the next two (D and I) on the left of C, and E and K on the left of H. The line as thus formed would be A 1, F 6 — D 4, I 9 — C 3, colors, H 8 — E 5, K 10 — G 7, B 2. In form- ing a column by division (two companies abreast), each senior captain would commaud a division. The position of the com- panies change in the line as the rank of the officers command- 42 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 ing them change. Tims at the battle of Iuka with B as the ranking company, onr line was from right to left B 1, G 6 — E 4, K 9 — D 3, colors, I 8 — right wing; F 5, A 10 — H 7, C 2 — left wing. And as Captains Le Gro and Edson acted as held officers in that battle, it made Captain Inman of Com- pan} r D the ranking captain in the right wing. April 20th — Sunday. — To-day six companies of the regiment, B, G, E, K, D right wing, and I, left Fort Snelling on the steamboat Sucker State for St. Louis, Mo. The boat stopped a short time at St. Paul. The people lined the bluffs, the ladies waved their handkerchiefs and the men cheered as the boat swung down the river, the band playing “ The Girl I Left Behind Me.” We have a splendid band, and often during our service their music revived our spirits and gave us courage to push on over dusty roads on long marches when just ready to drop down and give up. April 21st — Monday . — The remainder of the regiment — Com- panies F, A, II and C, with headquarters, and Capt. William A. Hotchkiss, Second Minnesota Battery of Light Artillery — embarked on the steamboat Hawkeye State and left Fort Snelling for the same destination. On arriving at St. Paul, Colonel Sanborn debarked his command at the foot of Chest- nut street, and, marching through the city to the levee, it took the same boat and proceeded on its journey. In the evening of this day the Sucker State landed at Du- buque, Iowa, and Lieutenant Colonel Thomas, debarking his six companies, marched them to Julien street, the principal business street of the city, and had dress parade. Embarking again we proceeded on the same boat. Tuesday, the twenty- second, the command was landed at the rapids above Daven- port, to lighten the boat so that it could pass over in the morning, and marching past the bridge and through Daven- port we entered a park on a hill within the city limits and had battalion drill. While marching along the streets many women were seen who were weeping. On arriving at Montrose, at the head of the rapids above Keokuk, the regiment was transported 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 43 around them on the cars and embarked again on the same boats. Arrived at St. Louis on Wednesday, at 10:00 p. m. On the twent}’ -fourth, at 10:00 A. M., we marched out to Bentou Barracks. The right wing was landed at St. Louis on the twenty-fifth and joined the balance of the regiment at Benton Barracks. April 30th — Wednesday . — Mustered for pay, and stood in line from 9:00 a. m. until twelve o’clock. The grounds at the bar- racks include the fair grounds and are four miles from the city of St. Louis. The residence of Hon. Tom Benton stands near them. CHAPTER II. At Beaton Barracks, St. Louis — Drawing Mules and also Steel Vests — Leaving to Joan Halleck’s Army Before Corinth — On the Roe— The Last Specie Payment to Us — Testing the Steel Vest — At Fort Henry; Its Exploded Cannon — Debark at Paris Landing — March to Paris — Foot Passengers Plant Their Steel Vests on Rail Fences — “Sum Sun ” — “ Took a Bite and Drummed Into Line ” — Ride On the Gladiator and Break It Down— At Hamburgh Landing — ‘ 1 Bye-Bye Shoulder-Scales ’ ’ — Join Halleck’s Army — Roster of Our Division — March to Farmington and Borrow the Town — Operations Before Corinth — Piling Up the Earth — Rosecrans Takes Com- mand — Schuyler Hamilton — Rebel Bass Drums; Cheering; Explosion; Smoke; Evacuation and a Foot Race — We are After Them — Early History of Our Division — A Glance at Our Army Events After Shiloh — How the Rebels Managed Evacuation — -Newspaper Correspondents “Made to Git” — Two Battery Boys “In a Fix” — Texas Cleavers. Benton Barracks. We quote from a letter written home: “Thele barracks are just outside of the city limits of St. Louis. They were built under orders of General Fremont, and are three-fourths of a mile long and are capable of accommodating twenty thousand men. There are at present (April 28, 1862) about four thousand here, mostly Wisconsin cavalry and the Seventeenth Iowa Infantry. Those Wisconsin boys say that our regiment is the best drilled one that they ever saw. We had preaching last Sunday by our chaplain and we also have a prayer on the color line every even- ing at dress parade. Col. Benj. L. E. Bonneville of the regular army commands at the barracks. We are now getting ready for our departure South, and Quartermaster Hunthas justdrawn one hundred and twenty mules and wagons sufficient for the transportation. The grass is large enough for feed and the trees are in bloom. There are a few negroes at this camp who work for the United States and receive pay.” The paper upon which this letter was written is embellished with a large picture of the barracks, giving a view from the southeast with the headquarters. George E. Sly, Company A. 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 45 We had a sutler at the barracks, and to keep up with the times he had steel vests for sale. These coats of armor consisted of two thin plates (one-sixteentli of an inch thick) bent to fit the chest, and slipped into an ordinary vest inside the lining on each side. They could be taken out by unbuttoning the bot- tom of the vest, and when worn protected in a measure a portion of the vitals. The price of these ironclads was from seven dollars and fifty cents to twenty dollars, according to the quality of the material and make-up of the vest. The boys practiced daily on the plates with revolvers, and many pronounced them an excellent safe- guard. The man reaped a rich harvest at the barracks, and when our regiment left on the steamboat accompanied it to Cairo. On the way down the river a member of our regi- ment, who placed but little reliance on them as a means of safety, being urged by the sutler to purchase, agreed that if he was allowed to test one in a satisfactory manner with a minie-ball fired from a Springfield musket and it stood the test, that he would purchase one, and also recommend the other men of the regimentto do so. They accordingly set up an inch board at the back end of the hurricane roof, against which was placed a sack of oats, and one of the vest plates was fitted against the sack. The person then took a Springfield rifle belonging to Oscar Crandall, one of Colonel Sanborn’s orderlies (the colonel’s or- derlies had the only Springfields in the regiment at that time), and the ball went through the plate, bag of oats and board, and skipped up the river out of sight, to the great amusement of all of the crowd except the owner of the bomb proofs. This ex- periment stopped the sale of the “ironclads.” May 2d — Friday . — We left Benton Barracks, and marching through St. Louis embarked on the steamboat John J. Roe. There are thirty steamboats at the levee. The Continental is a large boat and lays alongside of the Roe. The paymaster came on board our boat and paid us two months’ wages in gold and silver. This was the last specie payment that we received during our term of service. A good many of our men allotted a portion of their wages, to be in future paid to their relatives at home. The Seventeenth Iowa Infantry are embarking on 46 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 another boat. We left the landing at sundown, and proceeded on our journey to join the army under General Halleck before Corinth, Miss. On the John J. Roe, and afterward on the Gladiator, we had all of our transportation, ambulances, officers’ horses, sup- plies of all kinds and the whole regiment of one thousand men. We mention this so that the reader can form a proper idea of the capacity of a lower-river boat. May 6th — Tuesday . — Arrived at noon at Fort Henry, on the Tennessee river. A great many of the men, being disgusted with the stiff army regulation hats, threw them away and wore their forage caps. They found out afterward that they had made a great mistake, and that the hat was the best thing that they could wear as a protection against the weather. We stopped here at Fort Henry four hours, and all who de- sired went ashore and visited the fort. Two months ago the water stood six feet deep over this fort, which is an earthwork on low ground with piles driven between it and the river. We found several of the cannons had burst in the fight with the gunboats at the time of its capture, and many of the piles had been cut off by shot. Why we remained so long at this place was, that Colonel Lowe could dispatch to General Halleck and get a reply. We went on up the river eight miles and stopped at Paris Landing. Lieutenant Morrill and fifty men were left at the landing as guards and to unload our camp equipage. Debarked at midnight; marched five miles under a hot sun and camped. Were joined by five compa- nies of cavalry (Curtis’ Horse) and two pieces of artillery. None of our teams went except the ambulance. Many of our officers and men who invested in steel vests found it killing work to carry them, and hung them on the rail fences. Col. W. W. Lowe of the Fifth Iowa Cavalry, or Curtis’ Horse as it was commonly called, was in command at Forts Henry and Ileiman. On the day before our arrival Major Shaeffer, with about one hundred and thirty men of that command, had been attacked at Dresden, not far from Paris, and pretty badly cut to pieces by a force of 1,250 cavalry, under the command of Col. Thomas Claiborne. On the sixth Colonel Lowe sent a 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY YOLUNTEERS. 47 request to General Halleck to know if he could keep the Fourth Minnesota to assist him, and not receiving any answer, took the responsibility of detaining our regiment. May 7tli — Wednesday. — Up at four o’clock. Took a bite and w T ere drummed into line, feeling mighty stiff. Marched hard all day — fifteen miles — and camped within three miles of Paris, Tenn., where were said to he stationed two thousand two hundred rebels. We slept on our arms, expecting an attack. The water along the road was very poor; the day was terribly hot, and many of our men fell out from exhaustion. 31ay 8th — Thursday. — Up at 4:00 a. m. Eat our hardtack and meat. Marched to another road and started for the landing. Marched fifteen miles and formed an ambuscade at night, for the rebels to fall into. Our wagons joined us; a clear day. May 9th — Friday. — Started early. Marched five miles and camped at 2:00 P. M. on the bank of the Tennessee river, near Paris Landing, Henry county, Tennessee. May 10th — Saturday. — In camp. [Population, 1880, Paris Landing, 100.] May 11th — Sunday. — Had inspection. Marched to a grove and attended divine service. The men grumbled a good deal about being forced to attend. A good many boats are passing up and down the river. May 12th — Monday. — Camp drill from four to six. Batalliou drill from eight to ten and four to six, and then dress parade; then Company D was sent out on picket about a mile away, but at ten o’clock were called in and ordered to pack up and strike tents, and we left on the steamboat Gladiator at 2:00 a. m. May 13th — Tuesday. — We passed Pittsburgh Landing at twelve o’clock. The steamboats Glendale and Silver Moon have steam calliopes, which play the tunes “Dixie” and “The Girl I Left Behind Me.” This boat is not as large as the Roe, and our quarters are more cramped. Just after the boat touched the shore at Brown’s Landing, Tenn., the men on both decks crowded forward and both decks broke down in front of the cab- in, and about fifteen men were injured. Fully fifty men were precipitated to the lower deck, which was crowded with their comrades. Captain White of Company F says: “I remember 48 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 very well her breaking down, I was officer of the day that day, and in the Texas at the time, and told the pilot it was his fault in running on the bank so hard, and that if anyone was killed he would suffer for it.” Mr. George Sly says: “ I was sleeping on some cracker boxes on the cabin deck, and woke up down on the gang plank, the men crying ‘ Look out for the bell.’ I ran to the side of the boiler. Several men were wounded and one man was pushed ’overboard.” That man was Anthony Capser of Company G, and in trying to save his gun from getting wet by holding it up, he was drowned. Lieut. D. M. G. Murphy of Company G informs us that he was on duty at the time, in charge of the guards; that Capser was sta- tioned at his post on guard duty and was pushed overboard. As soon as the boat approached the bank the writer ran down the plank, jumped ashore, and stood on the bank looking at it when it broke down. May llfth — Wednesday . — Arrived at Hamburgh Landing, Teun., early in the morning. A great many of the men threw away overcoats, scales and all unnecessary clothing before dis- embarking. We marched two miles and camped on the road to Farmington at Childer’s Hill. Weather clear and hot. Com- pany C boxed their surplus clothing, scales, etc., and sent them home in their company mess chest to Mr. Thurston’s at Lake- ville, where their friends got them. The old chest remained there for several years. Company B and several of the others piled up their brass shoulder scales on the ground at this camp and left them. At dress parade the band played “ Home, Sweet Home,” and it is safe to say that there were not many dry eyes in the regiment. There are said to be thirty-five thousand sick soldiers at this place. [Population, 1880, Hamburgh, 121 .] May 15th — Thursday. — Up at 1 a. m., and started early to the army before Corinth, and joined the First Brigade, Third Di- vision, Army of the Mississippi. The Third Division, April 30th, was commanded by Brig. Gen. Schuyler Hamilton, and con- sisted of two brigades. We copy the returns as follows: First Brigade, Brig. Gen. N. B. Buford’s, consisting of Fifty-ninth Indiana, Col. Jesse I. Alexander; Fifth Iowa, Col. W. H. Worthington; Tenth Iowa, 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 49 Col. N. Perczel; Twenty-sixth Missouri, Col. G. B. Boomer; Eleventh Ohio Battery, Capt. F. C. Sands; Second Brigade, no commander assigned; Forty- eighth Indiana, Col. Norman Eddy; Eightieth Ohio. (10, 2, 147.) May 16th — Friday. — Our pickets to-day drove in the rebel pickets, and toward night our division made an advance. May 18th — Sunday. — Marched to Farmington, and intrenched a camp one mile east of the town. The boys needed lumber for their tents, floors, etc., and made short work of the build- ings, which were vacant; there were only a few of them. Hot. On the night of the twenty-first, Colonel Worthington of the Fifth Iowa was shot dead through mistake by the grand guard he was visiting. He was highly respected by all who knew him, and a very able and efficient officer. General Pope has built a lookout about ninety feet high in front of his camp, and says that he can see from the top of it into Corinth, and note every movement of consequence. Colonel Sanborn is in command of the first demi-brigade of the first brigade of our division. May 2 4-th — Saturday. — The Fifth Minnesota Infantry joined the army and was assigned to Stanley’s division. Lieutenant Colonel Thomas is in command of our regiment. May 38th — Wednesday. — We advanced with the rest of the army one mile and intrenched. Hot. Some skirmishing and cannonading. Put brush in front of our line to conceal it. Quite an engagement began on the right of our line that ex- tended all along the line, and Lieut. David 0. Oakes of Company F, Fifth Minnesota, was killed. Stanley’s division , the Second, was advanced to the white house on Bidge creek, and faced a large earthwork of the enemy erected south of the Memphis & Charleston railroad. General Rosecrans joined the army to- day, and as he was riding with his staff near the edge of a piece of timber by the side of an open field, and not far from our regiment, his horse was wounded by a shot from the enemy. May 29th — Thursday. — On this day Brig. Gen. Schuyler Hamilton was assigned to command the left wing of the army, and Brig. Gen. Wm. S. Rosecrans the right wing. Trains of cars were running out of and into Corinth all night long last night. We laid near our intreuchments all day to-day. 4 50 HISTORY OF THE FOTJKTH REGIMENT [1862 The firing was mostly by artillery. At night our regiment went on picket. May 30th — Friday . — "VVe could see a heavy smoke this morning at daylight in the direction of Corinth, and last night when we were on picket could hear the cars running into and out of Corinth. We could also plainly hear bass drums beating as if troops were on the march and could also hear troops cheering. At daybreak two deserters came to our regiment and told us the rebs. had evacuated Corinth. At 4 p. m. we marched to the east of Corinth and crossing the Memphis & Charleston rail- road stopped four miles south of town by the side of the road; found lots of home-made swords, knives, etc., in abandoned rebel camps. Very hot. Troops were passing all night. Lieut. T. B. Hunt, our regimental quartermaster, went into Corinth this morning with General William Nelson and his aid-de- camp and on his return to camp brought back several home- made Texas cleavers. The}’ were large knives, about afoot long, having hilts, and made apparently from old files. Many of the enemy were armed with these, expecting, doubtless, that they would be a valuable weapon with which to mince Yankees. Wagon loads of them could have been gathered up at Corinth and in the abandoned camps of the enemy. The Early History of Our Division. Brig. Gen. Schuyler Hamilton, from Feb. 28 to March 31, 1862, was in com- mand of the Second (our) Division, Army of the Mississippi, which was organized at this time, and consisted of two brigades. First Brigade, commanded by Col. W. H. Worthington, Fifth Iowa and Fifty-ninth Indiana; Second Brigade, commanded by Col. N. Perczel, Tenth Iowa and Twenty-sixth Missouri; The only battery in the division at that time was the Eleventh Ohio, Capt. F. C. Sands. This division took an active part in the operations against Island No. 10 and New Madrid. About March 17, 1862, General Hamilton suggested to General Pope the propriety of cutting a canal to reach the river below Island No. 10. The country was carefully examined by Col. J. W. Bissell and the project pronounced practicable, and it was cut under his supervision by his engineer regiment of the West, — the First Missouri, — other details assisting. The canal was twelve miles long, six of them being cut through heavy timber. It was fifty feet wide, and the trees were sawed off four 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 51 feet below the surface of the water. The work was begun on the twenty- second and completed on the thirty-first of March, and on April 6, 1862, four transports passed through it (8, 1, 650-671) to New Madrid, which was evacu- ated by the enemy March 14th, and also on the same date occupied by the Second Division (ours). On April 7th the division embarked on the transports, crossed the Mississippi river and landed about three miles below New Madrid, on the Kentucky shore, and then marched four miles toward Tiptonville. At dawn of the eighth the division pushed forward about ten miles to Tiptonville, and learned at noon of the evacuation of Island No. 10, and at 2 p. M. of the surrender of the forces, and it was detailed to guard the prisoners. On April 10th it returned to New Madrid. April 12th the division embarked on trans- ports and proceeded toward Fort Pillow, and reached a point five miles above it on April 13th. Reconnaissances were made on the Arkansas shore on the fourteenth, fifteenth and sixteenth, where orders were received to embark and proceed to Pittsburgh Landing, Tenn, On April 15th General Halleck telegraphed to Pope: “Move with your army to this place, leaving troops enough with Commodore Foote to land and hold Fort Pillow, should the enemy’s forces withdraw.” On receipt of this order General Pope’s army embarked on their transports for Pittsburgh Landing, where they arrived on the twenty-second of April. General Pope in his report states that in the capture of Island No. 10 and its forces he did not have a man killed, and that the total casualties in the whole army in the operations against No. 10 and New Madrid, from February 28th to the fourteenth of March, would foot up only thirty- two, and of which the Second Division (ours) lost six. (8, 1, 91.) The army was reorganized by General Pope on April 24th, in General Orders, No. 38, and the Second Division was designated as the Third Division, Army of the Mississippi, and commanded by Brig. Gen. Schuyler Hamilton. The First Brigade, to be commanded by Brig. Gen. Joseph B. Plummer, Twenty-sixth Illinois, Eighth Wisconsin, Forty-seventh Illinois, Eleventh Mis- souri and Nelson T. Spoor’s Second Iowa Battery of Artillery. Second Brigade, Brig. Gen. Napoleon B. Buford, Fifth Iowa, Fifty-ninth Indiana, Tenth Iowa, Twenty-sixth Missouri and Sands’ Ohio Battery. (10, 2, 121.) On May 29th Gen. Schuyler Hamilton was assigned to the command of the left wing of the army, and Brig. Gen. Joseph B. Plummer to the command of Hamilton’s division. (10, 2, 224.) It seems to us that no unprejudiced person can read the reports and corre- spondence of General Halleck without being convinced of his greatness as a military commander. The extreme caution he displayed after the battle of Shiloh wou Id have prevented him from being a very successful general in active field opera- tion, but there is some excuse for that. One of the greatest battles of the war had just been fought, and the Union army had met with fearful losses, which might have been avoided in a great measure if Halleck’s instructions had been followed. He had sent a sufficient amount of intrenching tools, and supposed that the army at Shiloh had an intrenched camp, but his instructions were dis- regarded and the tools were not used; but as an organizer and director of great events he will stand out boldly in history as a great character. 52 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 Ou March 24th General Sherman wrote from Pittsburgh Landing to General Strong : Most assuredly our cause has received a tremeudous lift since we paced the piazza at Benton Barracks, and Halleck has been the directing geuius. I wish him all honor and glory, and in my heart I yield to whomsoever has merits and talents to devote to so worthy a cause. We copy the following sent from Pittsburgh Landing by Sherman to Grant at Savannah, April 5th, the day before the battle of Shiloh (2, 10, 98): Your note is just received. I have no doubt that nothing will occur to-day more than some picket firing. The enemy is saucy, but got the worst of it yesterday, and will not pass our pickets far. I will not be drawn out far un- less with certainty of advantage, and I do not apprehend anything like an at- tack on our position. Thus our army lay in camp at Shiloh without in the slightest protecting its front. A great army marched over the country to attack, but there was not even a cavalryman out to see and hear and bring in the news. As an explanation of why Grant did not, with Buell’s fresh army, continue the pursuit of the enemy after the battle of Shiloh, we quote dispatch from Gen- eral Stager to Stanton, April 12th: In reply to my inquiry as to further information from Pittsburgh Landing, Mr. Stevens, operator at Cincinnati, says General Halleck gave orders to General Grant some days previous to the battle that in case he was attacked not to pursue the enemy. Consequently pursuit was not kept up for any distance. And General Grant in his Memoirs says that he wanted to pursue the enemy, but had not the heart to order his men to do so after two days of desperate lighting, and whenever not lighting lying in the mud and rain, and he did not feel dis- posed to order Buell or any part of his command to do so for, although the senior in rank, he had been so only a few weeks, etc. This was on the seventh, and a golden opportunity was lost, for if pursuit had been kept up its result would doubtless have been disastrous to the Confederates, judging from the following sent by Bragg, three miles on road from Mickey’s house to Corinth at 7:30 A. M., April 8th, to Beauregard (2,10,399): Our condition is horrible. Troops utterly disorganized and demoralized. Road almost impassable. No provisions and no forage; consequently everything is feeble. If we are pursued by a vigorous force we will lose all in the rear. 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 53 The whole road presents the scene of a rout, and no mortal power could restrain it. Straggling parties may get in to-night. Those in rear will suffer much. The rear guard, Brecknridgee commanding, is left at Mickey’s in charge of wounded, etc. The enemy up to daylight had not pursued. Have ordered Breckenridge to hold on till pressed by the enemy, but he will suffer for want of food. Can any fresh troops, with five days’ rations, be sent to his relief ? It is most lamentable to see the state of affairs, but I am powerless and almost exhausted. Our artillery is being left all along the road by its officers; indeed I find but few officers with their men. Relief of some kind is necessary, but how it is to reach us I can hardly suggest, as no human power or animal power could carry empty wagons over this road with such teams as we have. Breck- enridge’s, same date, says : “Enemy less than two miles in front. My troops are worn out. Can’t be relied upon after the first volley. The horses are sinking rapidly for want of forage.” Before Corinth. May 28 th — Pope to Halleck (10, 2, 219) — My command is drawn up and will march in ten minutes. My heavy batteries will be ready to open by 3:00 p. M. I sent you a dispatch yesterday, stating that I had sent two regiments of cav- alry (the Second Iowa, Colonel Elliott, and the Second Michigan, Col. P. H. Sheridan) to destroy railroad bridges, etc., forty-five miles south of Corinth. They are to be there early this morning. They are commanded by Colonel Elliott, and will undoubtedly perform the service at some portion of the road to-day. And later (220) : My command is in position after sharp skirmishing. Enemy driven back across creek. To our left and front, on the opposite side, is an intrenched position, with artillery about five hundred yards distant. My four thirty- pounder Parrotts are in front and now being placed in battery; they will open in an hour, when, if practicable, I will carry and hold the enemy’s intrenched position. I think it is not a portion of their main works, but half a mile in advance. From prisoners I am satisfied there is no battery or work on Widow Phillips’ place, which is on my right and front and half way between the two roads to Corinth. Pope to Stanley — Feel in with your skirmishers toward the battery on my left and see what you can do with it. I will send the sharpshooters from Paine’s right to turn it on its right. Have your columns ready to march, and if you deem it practicable, carry the nearest work. Leave at least one brigade to watch your right and rear and if you need more, call on Morgan or General Paine, who are just in your rear. If by waiting for the thirty-pounder Parrotts you can silence the battery, wait, and don’t attempt to storm. Meantime put Colonel Bissell to work for the Parrotts and your own men to digging rifle-pits. General Sherman also this clay advanced his lines on the extreme right of Halleck’s army at Russell’s house, — a double 54 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 structure built of logs, — where he occupied with two brigades a ridge running east and west which had a wagon road down to the Mobile & Ohio railroad. May 29 th — Pope 1o IlaUeck (223) — The intrenched works of the enemy have not been abandoned, although the guns have been withdrawn and are limbered up in the rear, supported by a heavy infantry force. The work is just south of the Memphis & Charleston railroad, which is much nearer than supposed. The railroad runs through a deep cut in front of the battery. Behind it and between the two railroads the forces of Van Dorn and Price are massed. I can bring on a battle immediately if you desire it. I will post my heavy Parrotts so as to play upon the work. I would suggest that my only further advance, under present circumstances, must be in the direction of the railroad, where I should meet Van Dorn and Price and a part at least of Hardee’s forces. I have not yet heard from the ex- pedition down the Mobile & Ohio railroad. The reconnaissance I sent out this morning developed the enemy in heavy force in front of Hamilton, on the right of the intrenched position of the enemy. May 30 th, 1:20 A. M. — Pope to Halleck (10, 2,225) — The enemy is re-enforcing heavily, by trains in my front and on my left. The cars are running constantly and the cheering is immense every time they unload in front of me. I have no doubt, from all appearances, that I shall be attacked in heavy force at day- light. Sliermnn to Halleck (228) — Please explain to me, as early as possible, the explosions at Corinth. The whole is now enveloped in dense smoke, yet the rebels are in my front. Cars ran all nigbt with long trains. I have ordered Rosecrans forward and to my right. Halleck to Sherman — I cannot explain. General Pope telegraphed me at one o’clock this morning that the enemy opposite his left were receiving large re-enforcements, each train load as it landed being received with cheers. It is the impression that Corinth is to be given up, and a stand made in the angle between the two railroads. Advance your force and feel the enemy strongly if still in your front. May 30 th, 6 A. M. — From Pope — All very quiet since four o’clock. Twenty- six trains left during the night. A succession of loud explosions, followed by dense black smoke in clouds. Everything indicates evacuation and retreat. I am pushing forward my skirmishers in several directions toward Corinth; will telegraph you iu a few minutes. 7:30 a. M. — I am in possession of the enemy’s intrenched position, an em- brasured work of seven guns. Four regiments are feeling their way into Cor- inth, and are now within three- fourths of a mile of the town; the whole country here seems to be fortified. 8:40 a. m. — My advance (the Thirty-ninth Ohio and Forty-second Illinois) entered the town and planted the United States flag on the courthouse at 6:40 this morning. They were the first troops in the place. [As Corinth was in Tishoming county at this time, and the county seat being at Jacinto, where the courthouse was located, the statement must have been an error — E d.] 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY YOLUNTEERS. 55 The Evacuation of Corinth. We copy from the Confederate Records (10, 2, 545): On Sunday night, May 25, 1862, General Hardee sent the following to Beaure gard : “I have thought it proper to reduce my views to writing on the subject we were discussing to-day. You will give them whatever weight they deserve. They are honestly entertained. I think our situation critical, and whatever is resolved on should be carried promptly into execution. The situation at Corinth requires that we should attack the enemy at once, or await his attack, or evacuate the place. Assuming that we have fifty thousand men and the enemy nearly twice that number protected by intrenchments, I am clearly of opinion that no attack should be made. Our forces are inferior, and the battle of Shiloh proves with only the advantage of position it was hazardous to contend against his superior strength, and to attack him in his intrenchments now would probably inflict on us and the Confederacy a fatal blow. Neither the number nor instruction of our troops renders them equal to the task. I think we can successfully repel any attack on our camp by the enemy, but it is manifest no attack is meditated. It will be approached gradually and will be shelled and bombarded without equal means to respond. This will compel us to make sorties against his intrenched positions under most adverse circum- stances or to evacuate the place. The latter seems to me inevitable. If so, the only remaining question is, whether the place should be evacuated before or after or during its defense.” * * * etc. Beauregard replied and stated he “had already commenced giving orders to my chiefs of staff departments for its execution. But everything that is done must be done under the plea of the intention to take the offensive at the opportune moment. Every commander of corps must get everything ready to move at a moment’s notice, and must see to the proper condi- tion of the roads and bridges his corps is to travel upon.” General Orders, ISTo. 54, of May 24, 1862, from Beauregard’s headquarters read: All newspaper and other correspondents are hereby ordered to leave this post by the first train, nor will they be permitted to return within twenty-five miles of the lines. Officers and soldiers are forbidden to write of the move- ments of the army in their correspondence, and the general commanding confidently relies on the patriotism of his troops for the faithful execution of this order. The original ordersfor the evacuation of Corinth were issued May 27th, and the retrograde movement by the troops was to begin at 3:00 a. m. on the twenty-ninth instant. But as the prop- erty could not be moved in the time, on the twenty-eighth 56 HISTORY OR THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 orders were issued delay in a; the movement until the thirtieth, and on the twenty-ninth the following order was issued by Gen- eral Beauregard: General: The following modifications have been made in the order rela- tive to the retrograde movement from this place: First — At sundown the light batteries must be sent to about one mile from the intrenched lines, in order to avoid communicating to the enemy any informa- tion of the movement. These batteries must be so placed outside of the road so as to follow their brigades at night without any difficulty. Second — At 8:00 p. M. the heavy batteries of the lines must be removed with- out noise and sent to the central depot. Third — At 10:00 p. M. the retrograde movementof the forces is to commence, as already instructed. Fourth — At 12:00 p. m., or as soon thereafter as possible, the rear guard is to follow the movement. Fifth — As soon as the army of the Mississippi shall have got beyond the Tuscumbia, and the army of the West beyond Ridge creek, General Beall, chief of cavalry at Corinth, shall be informed of the fact, and the positions in rear of said streams shall be held until all trains shall be considered beyond the reach of the enemy. Sixth — Campfires must be kept up all night by the troops in position and then by the cavalry. Seventh — Three signal rockets shall be sent up at three o’clock in the morn- ing by the cavalry pickets of Generals Van Dorn, Bragg and Polk. Eighth — All artesian and other wells must be destroyed this evening by a detachment from each brigade. All artesian well machinery must be sent forth- with to the depot for transportation to Saltillo. Ninth — Whenever the railroad engine whistles during the night near the in- trenchments the troops in the vicinity will cheer repeatedly, as though re-enforcements had been received. May 31st — Saturday. — Marched one mile and camped three- quarters of a mile from the railroad and three miles south of Corinth. Our boys were strolling through the woods early this morning and examining the rebel camps, in many of which the tents had all been left standing, and large quantities of bar- reled salt beef, molasses and other stores were scattered about. Two of the Eleventh Ohio batterymen, who had started out prospecting rather earlier than the rest of us, came suddenly upon two rebel guards who had not been relieved and who did not know that their army had evacuated Corinth. The two rebels at once arrested the Ohio boys and were marching them off through the woods, when our two men turned suddenly 1862] MINNESOTA INPANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 57 and seized their captors, and a desperate struggle ensued for the possession of the two muskets. One of our men being stronger than his antagonist soon had him down, and wrench- ing his musket away, raised it to shoot the other rebel, who had his prisoner down and was just in the act of raising his musket to shoot the other batteryman; but not being quick enough, was made to drop his gun and let the little man up, who picked up the gun, and they marched the two rebels into our lines as their prisoners. There is a depot here on the I’ailroad about two miles from Corinth, where the enemy left some stores, consisting of a long tier of barreled salt, fifty army wmgons that had their axles burned off, and quite a quantity of sugar, molasses and rice. We found several dead rebels near the depot that our cavalry had killed. CHAPTER III. We March to Booneville— Farewell to Our Noah’s Arks (Mess Chests) — Burned Train of Cars — Pope Left Us— Back to Rienzi — To Clear Creek — First Gray- backs — Muffled Drums Sad Roll — Half the Regiment Sick — The Angel of Death Comes Often — Terrible March to Ripley and Back to Rienzi — Death of Lieutenant Judd; A Lock of Hair — Governor Ramsey Visits Us — A Change of Commanders — Halleck Leaves — Visit to Shiloh — Roster of Di- vision — Charles S. Hamilton — Guarding Rebel Com Fields and Wells of Water; Five Cents for a Canteen of Water — Pigs Nose Through Camp with Impunity — To Jacinto — Off on a Scout — News of Indian Massacre; Want to Go Home; Men Distracted; Gilman Goes — Good Foraging; Peaches Galore— Receipt for Making Our Ovens — Expect an Attack — March for Iuka. June 1st — Sunday. — Several of us were searching around the depot here near the railroad, two miles south of Corinth; just west of the track discovered a grave with a board up, marked 3 T. X., and believing that the enemy could not have retreated with all of their artillery, but had buried some of it, we took our bayonets and some shingles and dug into the grave, ex- pecting to unearth a cannon, but, after laboring a long time, struck a coffin and the remains of a dead Texan. June 2d. — Marched early across on the west side of the Mobile & Ohio railroad to Rienzi, twelve miles. Hot and dusty, poor water and not much to eat; boys grumbling; two companies sent out on grand guard; rained all night. We left our tents and camp equipage behind in camp. June 3d. — Started in the afternoon at three o’clock and marched through the mud and rain to the railroad near Boone- ville (twenty-one miles by the railroad south of Corinth); got here at 9:00 p. m., rolled into our blankets. At half-past ten formed line of battle. At 1:00 A. M. routed out and marched two miles in mud to our knees and camped down for the balance ot the night beside the railroad. The company mess chests and cooking outfit was abandoned, and each man had to cook for himself. Our ten company mess chests were ponderous pieces of furniture, being as wide as an army wagon, about 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 59 five or six feet long and five feet high, and in them were stored knives and forks, plates, cups and other articles, deemed at that time absolutely necessary. We saw here at Booneville the remains of a train, consisting of one locomotive and twenty-seven cars, which had been loaded with the enemy's war material and destroyed by our cavalry under Colonel Elliott and Col. P. H. Sheridan. [Pop- lation of Booneville, 1880, 608.] On July 3d General Halleck telegraphed to Washington (671): “I have seeu a published statement of General Beaure- gard that my telegram respecting the capture of locomotives, prisoners and arms contained as many lies as lines. The num- ber of locomotives captured was reported to be nine; Beaure- gard says only seven. It turns out on a full investigation that we captured eleven.” In his report of the evacuation, General Beauregard says that “but for some unfortunate and needless delay on the part of the Memphis & Charleston Railroad of some five trains of box cars in passing beyond the bridges over the Hatchie river and its branches, which in the plan of evacuation had been directed to be destroyed at a certain hour in the morning of the thirtieth, not an incideut would have marred in the least the success of the evacuation in the face of a force so largely superior. It was, however, through a too rigid execution of orders that these bridges were burned, and we were obliged to destroy the trains as far as practicable and burn the stores, including some valuable subsistence.” The locomotives were disabled but not destroyed, and they were soon repaired and in running order. (10, 1, 763.) We copy the following as a sample of General Halleck’s way of doing business. General Pope had left Corinth to visit his family at St. Louis (17, 2, 17) : Stanton to Pope — June 19, 1862 — I am glad to learn from Mr. Horton that you are at St. Louis to-day. If your orders will admit, and you can be absent long enough from your command, I would be glad to see you at Washington. Pope to Stanton — June 20, 1862 — I leave for Washington in the morning. Pope to Halleck ( same day ) — The Secretary of War telegraphs me that he desires to see me in Washington for a day or two, if it will not interfere with your plans by going. I may he detained a few days longer, not more than that. Shall I go? Please answer immediately. 60 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 Halleck to Pope — Corinth, Miss., June 21, 1862 — The Secretary of War can order you to Washington if he deems proper; but I cannot give you leave, as I think your services here of the greatest possible importance. Your command is directly in the face of Beauregard, and I think you should be at its head as soon as you can leave your family. General Pope went to Washington and took command ot that army. June 8th. — Saturday. — Our tents and camp equipage came to camp here to-day. It is twenty miles back to our camp near Corinth. June 10th — Tuesday. — Marched through Rienzi toward Cor- inth ten miles. Clear weather. June 12th — Thursday. — Arrived at our old camp south of Corinth a little after noon. Clear and hot. June 13th — Friday. — Moved one-fourth mile and policed a camp. Clear. The grounds do not suit. June 14-th — Saturday. — Moved one and one-half miles and policed another camp, which does not suit. June 15th — Sunday. — Moved one-half mile to Camp Clear Creek. Policed camp. Hot. Clear. Good water. Comrade Sly says : “ Saw my first grayback.” We are five miles southeast from Corinth, and about a mile south of the Memphis & Charleston railroad, near a fine creek, on a hill in the piney woods. The water of Tuscumbia creek, eight or nine miles south of Corinth, is had. It is a dull, sluggish stream of muddy water, in the midst of wild, tangled swamps. Clear creek is a clear, running brook of excellent water, twenty-five or thirty feet wide, with many springs along the banks, and with no swampy land whatever in the neighborhood. It affords fine water to drink and abundance for bathing purposes. There is no such stream between Tuscumbia creek and Guntown. On several mornings after we went to Camp Clear Creekour men were abused and blackguarded by an officer when they went to sick call. I stood and heard it and my blood fairly boiled with indignation. Several who stated that they had been suffering with chronic diarrhea for quite a length of time were strongly recommended to make use of a red-hot poker for their affliction. I will not repeat the vulgar and abusive language Charles H. Brown, Company B. 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 61 made use of, as it is too vulgar to see in print, but the black- guardism and abuse of our sick and accusing them of playing- off when they went to sick call soon ceased, because the angel of death visited us and almost every evening at sundown the solemn, mournful strains of the dead march and the funeral volley sounded through the camp as our heroes were being laid to rest. My brother, Charles H. Brown of Company B, went there and on his return I asked him if he had received any medicine or advice, and he replied: “I received nothing but abuse. I was abused like a dog and told that I was not sick but playing off. All of our boys are abused who go there. I will not go back there again. No! I would rather die than go back to that sick call.” The next morning he was delirious and unconscious. I procured a hospital stretcher and by the help of a comrade belonging to our company carried him into one of the tents used as our regimental hospital, and leaving my duties in the subsistence department spent all of my time nursing him. Dr. Cross soon came into the tent, pronounced the disease typhoid fever, and prescribed. I procured the reme- dies at the dispensary and remained day and night by his cot until he expired. Dr. Cross and George Lambert, our hospital steward, were kind and considerate. William T. Churchill of our company was acting as a nurse in our hospital at this time and aided me in my labors, and I can never forget his kindness in so doing. June 26 th — Thursday . — Our comrade, Jonas Johnson of Com- pany B, made a coffin of rough boards in camp, and at sun- down Charley’s body was buried with military honors. He was a strong and robust young man, genial in his disposition and a favorite among his companions. He went in bathing in the sluggish waters of Tuscumbia creek on the evening of the twelfth, just previous to our coming to this camp, and we attrib- uted his sickness to that cause. “Hard Times in Dixie.” In the Hospital. BY T. M. YOUNG OF COMPANY A. “To every soldier of Pope’s grand division who was with the army after the evacuation of Corinth, May 19, 1862, and from 62 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 that on through the early summer of that year, the name of Camp Clear Creek will mean more than it is possible for any one not conversant with the facts to realize. In less than three weeks from the time we went into camp there fully four- fifths of the whole grand division were sick. For weeks the deaths averaged one a day for each of the new regiments, and nearly that for the old regiments counting the same number of men. For a while the dead were buried with customary honors of war; finally the sound of the three volleys became so depressing to the sick that it was by order discontinued. The men moved around with a sort of dogged indifference, appar- ently careless what befell them. There was, considering the circumstances, very little complaining, and what there was us- ually came from men who were useful only to draw their pay and rations. I must say to the honor of the men, that with all the good soldiers with whom I became acquainted in nearly four years of service, that I never knew more than half a dozen chronic kickers. When later in the year the active cam- paign work began the effect of so much sickness became more apparent, a march of any magnitude caused them to fall out by the hundred; their strength was not nearly equal to the re- quirements. The weather was excessively hot, the water was filthy, the air was poisoned by the exhalations from thousands of sinks and cesspools, as well as from thousands of graves of men and animals, while it was almost impossible to find any open ground within a radius of five miles from Corinth that had not been used as a camp by the troops of one or the other of the armies. Under such circumstances no one can wonder that disease and death had a rich harvest. In Vicksburg after the surrender it was almost as bad. No one ever will know the sickness and suffering endured by Grant’s army at that place; tens of thousands were sent North, hoping the climatic change would benefit them, but only disappointment met a proportion of them. The seeds of disease were too deeply im- planted and they were laid away among friends instead of among enemies. All through the trying campaigns of 1863 sickness played a prominent part. The men, even those who had be- come in a measure used to the climate, suffered intensely from 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 63 the miasmas which are always prevalent in Mississippi and Louisiana. The Yazoo Pass expedition cost many hundreds of lives, though but few were lost in action or from the usual casualties of war. The hospitals in the vicinity of Milliken’s Bend at Young’s Point, Louisiana, were for many months crowded with the sick from Grant’s army at the front, and the levees for miles were crowded with graves of Union soldiers. Do not for a moment think that all the courage of that grand army was shown in battle. It does not require one-half the courage to take one’s place in the line of battle and charge a battery amid the noise and excitement incident to such an af- fair that it does to lie at death’s door in the hospital and never complain or become homesick. It is hard to be sick nigh unto death, far from friends, perhaps among entire strangers, not one of whose faces have been known before. The history of one hospital is the story of all, and with all the aid which our glorious women sent to the sick and wounded through the sani- tary commission, we can safely say that it was only the timid, half-hearted ones who were not glad when the order came per- mitting them to go to their regiments at the front.” The muffled drum’s sad roll has beat The soldier’s last tattoo ! No more on life’s parade shall meet That brave but fallen few. On Fame’s eternal camping ground Their silent tents are spread And Glory guards, with solemn round, The bivouac of the dead. A good deal of complaint was heard among the men of the regiment, that canned goods and other delicacies sent to the regiment for the benefit of those who were sick or convales- cent, were not used for that purpose, but went to feed strong and healthy men, and the pile of empty cans near Morrow’s mess told its own story to our men more plainly than we can do so in these pages. To see officers who were drawing a salary of over a hundred dollars a month “hogging down” the choicest hams and rations belonging to the enlisted men was a sight that must have made angels weep on more than one occasion. 64 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 Augustus W. Littlefield of Company H was detailed here, at Camp Clear Creek, to aid us in our duties in the commis- sary of subsistence department. We discover in the record of the regiment that at a subsequent period he was marked as a deserter. The writer is not informed of the circumstances connected with that record, but his return to the regiment, participation in the battle of Allatoona and death of wounds received, tells its own story. During our intercourse with him we found him to he a good and faithful man. June 27th — Friday. — Marched twelve miles to Rienzi. [Pop- ulation about 400.] June 28th — Saturday. — Marched fifteen miles to the Hatchie river. June 29th — Sunday. — Marched ten miles to Ripley, Miss. [Population, 1880, 637.] July 1st — Tuesday. — Marched to Rienzi. [Population, 1880, 316.] July 4-th — Friday. — Governor Ramsey of Minnesota arrived and addressed the regiment. July 9th — Wednesday. — The death of Lieut.. R. A. Judd occurred at Rienzi on the ninth aud cast a gloom over the whole regiment. Previous to his enlistment he was a Metho- dist minister and stationed at Glencoe. He went with his company to Fort Ridgely and served while there as post quartermaster. On the first day out from Clear creek he was prostrated by the heat, and being requested to get into an ambulance and ride, refused at first to do so, because so many of our men were hobbling along with blistered feet. Finally, when he could walk no further, he got in and rode back to Rienzi, and was then taken to the hospital. Comrade Joseph A. Goding of Company B was detailed to take care of him, and he received the best of attention. But all was unavailing, he died yesterday morning at three o’clock. He had been for several days previous to leaving on the march complaining of feeling unwell, but did not put himself under the surgeon’s care until it was too late. I think his disease was fever and bloody flux. He certainly had both, but I believe the doctors pro- nounced it something else (varioloid). We thought he would 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 65 get well, but all at on.ce were surprised by the sad news of his death. We buried him at dusk yesterday with military honors, in the village cemetery at Rienzi. I am told he did not appear to suffer much and died very easy. When asked if he knew that he would die, he said, “I am going home,” and he asked his nurse if he too would not go. I have met but few such men as Lieutenant Judd, perfect to a fault, gen- erous and kind, a good Christian and an able man. He was twenty-six years of age. Governor Ramsey is here and will remain a few days. He says he thinks that he will take about half our regiment to Minnesota to see if the climate will not cure those who are sick. Minnesota ought to be our hospital. At the burial of Lieutenant Judd our whole regiment marched with reversed arms, led by our fine brass band playing the “ Dead March in Saul,” to the village cemetery, where we de- posited his remains, marked his grave and sent a description of it to his relatives, who reside in Tioga county, New York. Company C composed the firing party at the grave. A touching incident is connected with his death. Just as he was being placed in the coffin, the writer, desiring to preserve something in remembrance of him, severed with .his knife a lock of hair and put it into his pocket-book. After our return to Camp Clear Creek, a lady in St. Paul, the affianced bride of Lieutenant Judd, wrote to Lieut. C. L. Snyder and begged for some memento of his, saying that she was very sick and hoped that he would find it in his power to gratify the heartfelt wish of a dying girl. The writer, who had preserved the lock of hair, presented it to Lieutenant Snyder, who sent it to the young lady. July 10tl\ — Thursday . — Marched to Camp Clear Creek. Halleck Leaves the West. Executive Mansion, Washington , D. C., July 11, 1862 — Ordered, That Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck be assigned to command the whole land forces of the United States, as general-in-chief, and that he repair to this capitol as soon as he can with safety to the positions and operations within the department un- der his charge. A. Lincoln. 5 66 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 July 14th — Lincoln to Halleck — I am very anxious — almost impatient — to have you here. Have clue regard to what you leave behind. When can you reach here? (17, 2, 100.) Halleck to Sherman — Corinth, July 16, 1862 ( Confidential ) — Major General Sherman, Moscow — I am ordered to Washington and leave to-morrow (Thurs- day). I have done my best to avoid it. I have studied out and can finish the campaign in the West. Don’t understand and cannot manage affairs in the East. Moreover, do not want to have anything to do with the quarrels of Stanton and McClellan. The change does not please me, but I must obey orders. Good-by and may God bless you. I am more than satisfied with everything you have done. You have always had my respect, but recently you have won my highest admiration. I deeply regret to part from you. Sherman to Halleck — 3Ioscow, July 16, 1862 — General Halleck, Corinth — I cannot express my heartfelt pain at hearing of your orders and intended de- parture. You took command in the Valley of the Mississippi at a period of deep gloom, when all felt that our poor country was doomed to a Mexican anarchy, but at once arose order, system, firmness and success, in which there has not been a pause. I thank you for the kind expression to me, but all I have done has been based on the absolute confidence I had conceived of your knowledge of national law and your comprehensive knowledge of things gath- ered, God only knows how. That success will attend you wherever you go I feel no doubt, for you must know more about the East than you did about the West when you arrived at St. Louis a stranger. And there you will find armies organized and pretty well commanded, instead of the scattered forces you then had. I attach more importance to the West than to the East. The one has a magnificent future, but enveloped in doubt. The other is compara- tively an old country. The man who, at the end of this war, holds the mili- tary control of the Valley of the Mississippi will be the man. You should not be removed. I fear the consequences. Personally, you will rule wherever you go, but I did hope you would finish up what you had begun and where your success has attracted the whole world’s notice. Instead of that calm, sure, steady progress which has dismayed our enemy, I now fear alarms, hesi- tations and doubt. You cannot be replaced out here, and it is too great a risk to trust a new man from the East. We are all the losers; you may gain, but I believe you would prefer to finish what you have so well begun. With great respect, W. T. Sherman, Major General. July 20th — Sunday. — To-day found the writer and Commissary Serg. T. P. Wilson at Pittsburgh Landing, with several of our regimental teams, having been to Hamburgh Landing, about eight miles above, on yesterday, for supplies for our regi- ment, and not having been able to procure them we drove down to this place, and while the teams were loading with rations we rode over the battlefield of Shiloh. We copy from a letter written the twenty-second: I returned on yesterday from the battlefield of Shiloh. I went over the most of the ground; about the only evidence to be seen to remind one of the 1862] MINNESOTA INF ANTE Y VOLUNTEERS. 67 bloody strife, which was enacted there on April 6th and 7th, are the numer- ous graves, and the manner in which the trees are cut. Some trees have as many as a hundred bullets in them; others have been shot to pieces by cannon balls. I saw one that had been struck by four of them, and another as large as a flour barrel that had been cut off about ten feet above the ground. We visited the ground on which had stood the famous log building called the Shiloh church. The building had been carried away by relic seekers, and we could not find even a chip to save as a relic of our visit. We saw several citizens wandering around over the field picking up bullets, and they had ac- cumulated quite a store of lead, which they may possibly mould over for our benefit. July 31st . — Brig. Gen. William S. Rosecrans commanded the Army of the Mississippi, and the following is the official ros- ter of the Third Division of this army, July 31, 1862 : Brig. Gen. Charles S. Hamilton. FIRST BRIGADE — BRIG. GEN. N. B. BUFORD. Forty-eighth Indiana, Col. Norman Eddy. Fifty-ninth Indiana, Col. Jesse I. Alexander. Fifth Iowa, Lieut. Col. Charles L. Matthies. Fourth Minnesota, Col. John B. Sanborn. Twenty-Sixth Missouri, Col. George B. Boomer. Eleventh Ohio Battery, Capt. Frank C. Sands. SECOND BRIGADE — BRIG. GEN. JERRY C. SULLIVAN. Fifty-sixth Illinois, Col. William R. Brown. Tenth Iowa, Col. Nicholas Perczel. Seventeenth Iowa, Col. John W. Rankin. Tenth Missouri, Col. Samuel A. Holmes. Eightieth Ohio, Col. Ephriam R. Eckley. Capt. Henry Hopkins’ (Kansas) Battery. First Missouri Artillery, Battery I, Capt. William A. Pile. On March 5, 1862, we find Brig. Gen. Charles S. Hamilton in command of a brigade under General Banks, in the Potomac army. (5, 7, 39.) On the thirteenth he was commanding a di- vision in the Third Corps, and on April 30, 1862, he was relieved by Gen. Phil Kearney, at Yorktown, Va. (11, 3, 129.) He was at Harper’s Ferry, May 29th (12, 3, 286), on which date he was assigned to duty with General Halleck, in the Department of the Mississippi. (10, 2, 224.) He reported in person for duty at Corinth, Junel8, 1862, and was assigned to the command of our Third Division. (17,2,14). We are unable from the records 68 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 to fix the date when General Plummer ceased to command the division, but presume that he retained its command from May 29 up to June 18, 1862. [General Hamilton died at Mil- waukee, Wis., April 8, 1891, in his seventieth year. — Ed.] July and August , 1862 . — We copy from letters from Camp Clear Creek: “Mr. Isaac Ansell, a Jew merchant from St. Paul, we found in Corinth keeping sutler’s store. When the enemy evacuated the city they plugged the artesian wells with cannon balls, but our men soon drove those down. The most of the inhabitants left the place along with the Confederates. General Hamilton, we hear, is about to issue orders to employ the negroes as teamsters and at such other work, the wages not to exceed ten dollars a month. One of our teams went out foraging and got some corn, and a regular system of foraging is to be conducted under the supervision of commis- sioned officers, and vouchers given the people for what is taken. This gives satisfaction, for it is very discouraging to guard corn fields and the people’s hen coops and potato patches, as w T e have been doing, to keep our men out. General Rosecrans has been very particular and tried to prevent indiscriminate foraging. Pigs nose about the camp with impunity. But just wait awhile. You can imagine the policy of the government when w ? e inform you that as our boys march along the roads, heavy with dust and suffering from heat and thirst, almost ready to drop down from exhaustion, Iioav they must feel to see a good well of water in a door yard, with a Yankee guard around the premises to keep our boys out, and, if they want a canteen of water, perhaps find a negro inside of the gate who will fill the canteens for five cents apiece. We have seen this repeated so often that it has become an old story.” August 5th — Monday . — We marched south twelve miles to Jacinto. We extract from a letter written August 15th: “We came here the other day, and are in camp two miles south of Jacinto, a small village of about two hundred inhabitants, and the county seat of Tishomingo county. Our camp is very beautifully situated in a grove and there is a very good spring of water near by. We are temporarily attached to the divi- 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 69 sion of Gen. Jeff. C. Davis, and like our camping ground much better than we did the one at Clear Creek. They are organ- izing a company of Union men in this vicinity and about forty have already been sworn in. Just received information that Edmund P. Churchill of Company B died the twelfth of typhoid fever, at our general hospital near Farmington. Buford having gone North on a sick leave, Colonel Sanborn commands the brigade.” August 18th — Sunday. — Young says: “Special muster to note absentees from the regiment. We find absent, dead or dis- charged from Company A, twenty-four. We had a hundred three months ago present for duty.” [Population of Jacinto in 1880 was 80.] August 19th — Monday. — Regiment ordered out on a scout under command of Lieutenant Colonel Thomas. We found two deer and the roughest country that we ever saw. “ Hill’s peep o’er hills, and alps on alps arise.” August 34-th — Saturday. — Part of the regiment went on provost guard duty in town. August 37th — Tuesday. — First news of the Sioux outbreak in Minnesota. The excitement ofourmenis intense, especially those who have families or relatives in the vicinity of the frontier, and there is a loud demand for our regiment to be sent home to fight the Indians. No furloughs can be granted the men. August 38th — Wednesday. — The anxiety of many of our men was so great that they walked the camp all night long. Peaches and other fruits are plentiful and are getting ripe. Green corn and vegetables are abundant, and we get all that we want. The people through this region are, in general, wretchedly poor. We have fine foraging here, and quite fre- quently go into the country with details of men and teams, returning to camp with the wagons full. As soon as peaches were ripe we drove under the trees and loaded the wagons with them. Lieut. J. H. Donaldson of Company C is acting as regimental quartermaster at this time, Lieutenant Hunt being away on leave. Lieut. Col. M. T. Thomas commands the regiment. It was a good thing for us that we came here, be- 70 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 cause the water was getting very bad at Clear creek. We were, however, nicely fixed at our former camp, as we were near a fine creek and had dug wells for the camp and made plenty of ovens out of iron ore and clay to bake in. W. R. Gilman of Company I, having been refused a fur- lough, left for Stillwater, Minn., a few days ago to make his family safe from the Indians. August 30th — Saturday. — The provost guard returned to camp Reports are rife of a very mysterious disappearance of the ducks and geese kept at headquarters of Colonel Thomas for his mess. The regiment was searched for the fowls, but not a trace of them was found. Company A, we fear, are a bad lot, but the fresh poultry was quite a treat and a notable change from hardtack and sow-belly. September 5th — Friday. — We have received information that Lieutenant Colonel Thomas of our regiment has been appointed colonel of one of the new Minnesota regiments. A petition has been signed by the most of the officers in our regiment and sent to the authorities, in Minnesota asking that, if necessary, we might be sent home to fight the Indians. September 7th — Sunday. — Changed camp. Marched three miles to get what the general thinks a better position. We are ordered to keep everything in readiness for marching at a moment’s notice. The enemy is reported in force a few miles away. Had just got our tents pitched and orders were re- ceived to load everything on the wagons. September 9th — Tuesday. — Lieut. Col. M. T. Thomas, having been appointed colonel of the Eighth Minnesota Infantry, left our regiment to-day for Minnesota. September 10th — Wednesday. — Still in camp near Jacinto. Enemy reported near. Charles B. Smith of Company D has been detailed to serve in the printing office here to do some work for the quartermaster and headquarters. September 11th . — Thursday. — Our ovens for baking are con- structed by building a scaffold of crotches and sticks about two or more feet above the ground; on this an oval pile of dry split sticks of wood is made of the size and shape of the in- tended oven; an old piece of stovepipe or something is set 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 71 up at the rear end for a flue; the pattern is then covered with hark on the outside to keep the inside of the covering smooth; wet clay is then spread over the outside as thickly as may he thought necessary; a hole is then fixed for a door; fire is then applied to the wood, and when it has burned out, if necessary, more wood is introduced until the oven is thoroughly baked. These answer all of the purposes of a good oven, and our men are so skilled in their construction and use that they might be called experts. September 12th — Friday. — Received orders to form on the color line at daybreak until further orders. September 13 — Saturday. — Return from picket guard. Every- body mad. Company A bunks all stolen and it ends in a gen- eral fracas. September 15th — Monday. — This morning marched for Ja- cinto. Raining very hard. Mud fathomless; that is, it is not six feet deep. September 16th — Tuesday. — Rained all day. Had to change our lines during the day. It is reported that we may expect an at- tack any day. I (Young) foraged a fine porker. It was against orders, hut it was a woodchuck case. September 17th — Wednesday. — W. R. Gilman of Company I returned to camp from his French furlough trip to Stillwater and reported for duty. G. had been reported as a deserter. The company report was amended to “absent without leave” and he was taken up on the returns and not punished. Sick all sent to Corinth. In the evening we marched back to our old camp. Major Baxter left the regiment to-day and went to Corinth with the sick in our regimental ambulances and remained there. Lieutenants D. M. G. Murphy and Drysdale are also absent; sick at Corinth. September 18th — Thursday. — This morning some of the boys got a box of condemned cartridges and buried it in the ground and fired it off and alarmed the camp. It rained all night. Drew half rations and are ordered to march toward Iuka. Price is there and we expect a fight. It rained some in the morning but ceased by nine o’clock and we did not get a very early start. After marching about seven miles find rebel pick- 72 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 ets. Halt aud wait all day. After going about ten miles from Jacinto the regiment camped in a pine thicket. The men of Company A lie on their arms all night in an open held. Roster of troops, Sept. 30, 1862, Maj. Gen. William S. Rose- crans, headquarters at Corinth, Miss.: Second Division, Army of the Mississippi — Brig. Gen. David S. Stanley. FIRST BRIGADE — COL. JOHN W. FULLER. Twenty-seventh Ohio, Maj. Zeph. S. Spaulding. Thirty-ninth Ohio, Lieut. Col. Edw. F. Noyes. Forty- third Ohio, Maj. Walter F. Herrick. Sixty-third Ohio, Capt. Charles E. Brown. SECOND BRIGADE — COL. JOHN M. LOOMIS. Twenty-sixth Illinois, Maj. Robert A. Gillmore. Forty-seventh Illinois, Capt. Samuel R. Baker. Fifth Minnesota, Col. Lucius F. Hubbard. Eleventh Missouri, Maj. Andrew J. Weber. Eighth Wisconsin, Maj. John W. Jefferson. Third Division, Army of the Mississippi — Brig. Gen. Charles S. Hamilton. FIRST BRIGADE — COL. JOHN B. SANBORN. Forty-eighth Indiana, Lieut. Col. Jefferson K. Scott. Fifty-ninth Indiana, Col. Jesse I. Alexander. Fifth Iowa, Lieut. Col. Ezekiel S. Sampson. Fourth Minnesota, Capt. James C. Edson. Twenty-sixth Missouri, Lieut. Col. John H. Holman. SECOND BRIGADE — COL. SAMUEL A. HOLMES. Fifty-sixth Illinois, Lieut. Col. Green B. Raum. Tenth Iowa, Lieut. Col. William E. Small. Seventeenth Iowa, Col. David B. Hillis. Tenth Missouri, Maj. Leonidas Homey. Twenty-fourth Missouri, Company F, Capt. L. M. Rice. Eightieth Ohio, Col. Ephraim R. Eckley. CAVALRY — COL. JOHN K. MIZNER. Seventh Illinois, Lieut. Col. Edward Prince. Eleventh Illinois, Col. Robert G. Ingersoll. Thirty-sixth Illinois, Company A, Capt. Albert Jenks. Second Iowa, Maj. Datus E. Coon. Seventh Kansas, Lieut. Col. T. P. Herrick. Third Michigan, Capt. Lyman G. Willcox. Fifth Missouri, Company C, Sergt. Alex. L. Mueller. Fifth Ohio, Maj. Charles S. Hayes. Second U. S. Company C, Capt. Charles E. Ferrand. 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 73 AETILLEBY. Second Iowa Battery, Lieut. Daniel P. Walling. Third Michigan Battery, Capt. Alexander W. Dees. First Missouri Light Artillery (four batteries), Maj. George H. Stone. Eleventh Ohio Battery, Lieut. Henry M. Neil. Second U. S. Battery F, Capt. Thomas D. Maurice. Sixth Wisconsin Battery. Capt. Henry Dillon. Twelfth Wisconsin Battery, Lieut. Lorenzo D. Immell. ( 17 , 2 , 248 .) CHAPTER IV. Capture of Iuka by Price’s Army — Our Supplies Lost — Rosecrans Surprised — Price Surprised — Battle of Iuka — List of Killed and Wounded — Personal Incidents — Losses on Both Sides. The Battle of Iuka. General Halleck was anxious to have General Grant send some of his forces from Corinth to Louisville, Ky., and on September 2d sent the following telegram to Grant: “Rail- road east of Corinth may be abandoned and Granger’s division sent to Louisville, Ky., with all possible dispatch.” At this time General Stanley’s division occupied and guarded the rail- road from Iuka, Miss., to Decatur, Ala. — one brigade of the division occupying the former place — and Grant had proposed to send this division, but Halleck preferred Granger’s. On the second Rosecrans from Tuscumbia telegraphed Grant that his dispatches were received and orders given accordingly, and said: “One brigade will cover Iuka and points east. Tus- cumbia must be held till the tents of two divisions and other public property is taken away. Iuka covers Eastport and is the surest way of getting provisions. It must be well held. Have ordered the troops at Iuka to get ready to move. Will move them as soon as they can be replaced.” On the eighth Rosecrans from Iuka informed Grant that Hamilton had telegraphed him that a deserter had come from Price and Van Dorn, and that they had united for a move into Kentucky, but Hamilton thought they were moving on to Corinth. On the ninth Grant, at Corinth, sent this to Halleck: “For two days now I have been advised of the advance of Price and Van Dorn on this place. I presume there is no doubt of the advance of a large force. One division will arrive from Memphis to Bolivar this evening or to-morrow, which will enable me to use all the force now at the latter place whenever required. Should the enemy come I will be as 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY YOLTNTEERS. 75 ready as possible with the means at hand. I do not believe that a force can be brought against us at present that cannot be successfully resisted.” And on the eleventh this also: “With all the vigilance I can bring to bear I cannot determine the objects of the enemy. Everything threatens attack here, but my fear is that it is to cover some other movement. It may have been instituted to prevent sending re-enforcements to Wright or to cover a movement on New Orleans by Van Dorn or to the east on General Buell. Should there be an attack I will be ready.” Also, on the same day : “ Every- thing indicates that we will be attacked here in the next forty- eight hours, and at present the route indicated is by the south- west. I will be ready at all points. General Rosecrans is not yet in with all his forces, but will be by to-morrow night. Price’s forces are estimated at from thirty-six to forty thou- sand. I cannot believe that he has half that number of good troops. He may have conscripts in large numbers.” On Sept. 13, 1862, Col. Robert C. Murphy sent the fol- lowing to General Rosecrans, at Clear creek: “Iuka, Miss., 10 a. m. — We have been attacked by the enemy’s cavalry. Have taken two prisoners. They report the enemy to be Arm- strong’s brigade of cavalry, and say the infantry is one or two days behind them. We have repulsed them this morning. The wires are reported cut. I send this by cavalry express to Burnsville, to be telegraphed there, if possible; if not, to be taken through by express.” Rosecrans immediately sent the following to General Grant: “The little fight at Iuka was a cavalry attack. The rebels, supposing we had evacuated, were much surprised and badly scared. A Tennessee captain taken says, ‘Price with his staff was at Bay Springs, but the infantry were two days behind.’ The scout from Ripley went all the wa} 7 down to four miles of Guntown. There was no force or movement in that direction. Report at Guntown : ‘Baldwin and up to Booneville water so scarce that it seems strange to me if they have a large force.’ I go up to Ord’s to consult with Prime about cavalry defense works here.” He sent from camp near Clear creek, on September 14th, this to Grant: “Iuka office not open; no news from there to-day; scout in from Bay 76 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 Springs says no rebel force on the Bay Springs and Jacinto road yesterday. Hamilton reports this morning: ‘Our cavalry on going to Iuka fell in with rebel cavalry near Barnett’s; suppose it was Armstrong’s cavalry that tried Iuka yesterday morning.’ Hamilton said our cavalry was to attack them at daylight this morning and he would pitch in with vigor. Ho news yet from Jacinto. Sharpshooters scared out of Burnsville by a few rebel pickets, stray scalawags from the Armstrong command.” At this time General Price, with two divisions of infantry, com- manded by Generals Henry, Little and Dabney H. Maury, and Armstrong’s cavalry occupied Iuka. We copy the following statement of the evacuation of Iuka from a newspaper, as we have not been able to find any official record of it : “The last Federal force which occupied Iuka at that time consisted of live companies of the Fifth Minne- sota Infantry, one batallion of the Seventh Illinois, one section of the Third Michigan Battery and the Eighth Wisconsin In- fantry, all under the command of Col. R. C. Murphy of the Eighth Wisconsin, commander of the Second Brigade, Stanley’s division. On the next day after this force entered Iuka, Gen- eral Armstrong’s division of rebel cavalry, three thousand five hundred strong, furiously attacked the place, making several distinct charges upon Colonel Murphy’s force, each one of which was handsomely repulsed. Colonel Murphy learned from a major who was captured in the first charge, that Price’s army — eighteen thousand strong — was only a day’s march distant, and would be in town “ for breakfast the next morning.” Murphy’s orders were to hold the place until the supplies there stored could be moved, and not destroyed. But the place was held all day and into the night, vainly waiting for cars to come, which came not, to take the stores to Corinth, twenty-six miles away. Accordingly, at 3:00 o’clock in the morning he began to evacuate the place. A company of cavalry was charged with the responsibility of setting fire to the stores. This was to be done while the rear of the infantry column was passing out of town. The stores were set on fire by the cavalry, but they were driven away by the enemy’s ad- vance, which put the tire out. Colonel Murphy was arrested, court-martialed and acquitted. 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 77 The Rebel Army. Generals Price and Van Dorn each had a separate command in Mississippi, the headquarters of the former being at Tupelo and the latter at Jackson, both being subject to the orders of General Bragg at Chattanooga, who, at this time was moving his army northward from Chattanooga. His army entered Kentucky on the fifth of September and was moving toward the railway between Nashville and Louisville, the latter place being the objective point of this campaign. Believing that Rosecrans had crossed the Tennessee river, or was about to do so, to re-enforce Buell’s army, he sent Price positive orders to watch Rosecrans and prevent him, and if he had crossed the river to follow him. Previous to the reception of this order Price and Van Dorn had discussed the plan of a campaign against Grant’s forces, and were about to unite their armies for a move to clear the Union army out of the West and march north to the Ohio river, where they hoped to join Bragg with his army after he had routed Buell’s forces from Ten- nessee and Kentucky. The positive orders of Bragg, however, delayed the execution of this cherished scheme. Price moved north and when he arrived at Guntown was informed that Rosecrans had not yet crossed the Tennessee river but was at Iuka with ten thousand men, and, as his army numbered about sixteen thousand eight hundred, he decided to attack Rose- crans at once. Price left Guntown on Thursday morning, the eleventh, and marched for Iuka on the Bay Springs road, and it seems almost incredible that he could move his army north, passing only eight or ten miles east of Jacinto and not know that Hamilton’s division was at that place; but such was the fact. On September lltli Van Dorn had moved his headquar- ters up to Holly Springs, and Jeff. Davis on the same day notified him that his rank gave him command and that the forces must all co-operate. On the fourteenth Price sent a dispatch to Van Dorn, informing him that Rosecrans had moved westward and that he was ready to co-operate in an attack on Corinth. 78 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 Van Dorn replied on the sixteenth, notifying Price to march to Rienzi and from thence to Pocahontas, where they would join and attack Corinth from the west and southwest. This Price received on the nineteenth. He says: “Early on the morning of the nineteenth I received dis- patches from Van Dorn, saying he acceded to my proposition, and requesting me to move immediately toward Rienzi. I at once replied that I would move my army as quickly as I could in the direction proposed by him, and issued orders for the in- stant loading of the trains and for the marching of the army early next morning. During the early part of the forenoon of the same day (nineteenth) my pickets on the Jacinto road were driven in.” He also informed Van Dorn that the enemy was concentrat- ing against him and that he expected to be attacked that day. Price had the captured stores all loaded on his trains ready to move on the morning of the twentieth. Thus, while Price and Van Dorn were planning to capture Rosecrans and his army, Rosecrans and Grant were planning to capture Price’s forces, and were just one day ahead in their movements. What the result might have been to us if Price had moved a day sooner toward Jacinto on his way to Rienzi, with his whole army, it is difficult to conjecture. The Union Army. Gen. E. 0. C. Ord, with the divisions of Generals Ross and McArthur, was, on the early morning of the nineteenth, about six miles on the northern side of Iuka, and Davies’ division was near by — these troops had moved out from Jackson and Corinth and numbered eight thousand men. General Grant remained at Burnsville on the railroad within easy communication with Ord. If our plan of the campaign, as agreed upon between Gen- erals Grant and Rosecrans, had been carried out it would undoubtedly have resulted in the defeat and capture of the rebel army. But mistakes occurred. The following is gleaned from the official reports of Generals Grant and Rosecrans: The original plan was for Ord and Ross to attack from the 1862] MINNESOTA INPANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 79 north and Rosecrans, at the time of the proposed attack, was to be in his position on the south with his forces divided, on the Jacinto and Fulton roads, to cut off the retreat of Price. The understanding was that Rosecrans’ command would be near enough on the night of the eighteenth so that Ord and Ross could move up on the morning of the nineteenth and attack the enemy, and they were en bivouac six miles north of Iuka on the night of the eighteenth. But Stanley’s division, in marching from its camp at Clear Creek on the morning of the eighteenth to join Rosecrans, through the fault of a guide, followed Ross’ troops toward Burnsville, and being compelled to re-trace their march, did not arrive at the encampment near Jacinto until after dark of the eighteenth. This mistake made a change of plan necessary, and Rosecrans notified Grant that he would move at 4:30 A. M. of the nineteenth and would not be in before one or two o’clock. Grant receiving this dispatch late at night and when he supposed that Rosecrans’ troops would be far on their road to Iuka, caused him some disappointment. He sent at once to General Ord Rosecrans’ dispatch and notified him not to move before he heard firing at the south of Iuka, and he sent a notice of this change of plan to Rosecrans by his return messenger. Grant and Ord both concluded that from the condition of the roads, and the distance to march that Rosecrans could not get his command up before the morning of the twentieth, and General Grant did not receive any other notice from Rosecrans until after the battle had been fought, although the latter had sent him a dispatch by courier from Barnett’s informing him of the arrival of the army at that point, written at 12:40 p. m. of the nineteenth, and stating that the head of the column had arrived there at twelve o’clock. This point is eight miles southwest of Iuka, and here the Tuscumbia road that we were traveling on crosses the Bay Springs road going north. According to the original plan Rosecrans, at this place, was to divide his forces, sending one division forward on the Tus- cumbia road until it struck the Fulton road when it was to turn north toward Iuka. This duty he proposed to have Ham- ilton’s division perform, and turning Stanley’s division north on the Bay Springs road, thus close both roads. 80 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 Our line of march comprised the following commands and they occupied the road in the following order: First Brigade: (Buford’s, commanded by Col. John B. Sanborn), Fifth Iowa, Eleventh Ohio Battery, Twenty-Sixth Missouri, Forty-Eighth Indiana, Fourth Minnesota, Sixteenth Iowa; Second Brigade: (commanded by Brig. Gen. Jerry C. Sullivan), Tenth Iowa, Seventeenth Iowa, Eightieth Ohio, two sections (four guns) Twelfth Wisconsin Battery, Tenth Missouri. These troops comprised the Third Division commanded by Brig. Gen. Charles S. Hamilton. Next came the Second Division, com- manded by Brig. Gen. David S. Stanley — Second Brigade: (commanded by Col. Joseph A. Mower of Eleventh Missouri), Forty-seventh Illinois, Twenty-sixth Illinois, Eleventh Mis- souri, Eighth Wisconsin, Spoor’s Second Iowa Light Artillery, Third Michigan Light Artillery, Fifth Minnesota (the. Fifth guarded the train on the march and during the battle). First Brigade; (commanded by Col. John W. Fuller of Twenty- seventh Ohio), Thirty-ninth Ohio, Company F (Second United States Light Artillery), Twenty-seventh Ohio, Sixty-third Ohio, Capt, Albert M. Powell’s battery (M First Missouri Light Artillery), section of battery EightliW isconsin Light Ar- tillery, Forty-third Ohio. This force, with a small amount of cavalry, numbered about nine thousand men. We halted at Barnett’s about an hour, while Rosecrans (and his brother, who was a priest and accompanied him) and his staff examined a map of the country and informed themselves of the dis- tance over to the Fulton road. This being found to be about five miles, and thus too far away to leave the two columns in supporting distance of each other in case of a battle, he pro- ceeded with the whole army on the Bay Springs road, expect- ing, no doubt, that he could make the Fulton road from a cross-road one mile south of Iuka. Eight companies of the Third Michigan Cavalry, under command of Captain Willcox, formed the advance of Rosecrans’ army. After leaving Bur- nett’s a running fight was kept up, the rebels falling back to a branch of Crippled Deer creek, distant about four miles. On arriving at the branch it was found that the rebel cavalry had rallied at a house (Mrs Moore’s house) four miles from 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 81 Iuka, situated on an elevation four hundred yards distant and commanding the road. The advance charged up the hill on a full gallop and drove them from their position into the woods, but the enemy rallied two squadrons strong and forced he ad- vance to retire. A number of shots were now tired into the head of the column, one of which mortall} 7 wounded Lieut. Louis Schraum of the Benton Hussars and of Hamilton’s body guard. Captain Wi'llcox at this time wheeled the cavalry into line on the roadside and uncovered Companies E, G and D of the Fifth Iowa, and under the command of Lieut. Col. Ezekiel S. Sampson, their Whitney rifles were soon busily em- ployed, and they drove the enemy from the cover of the build- ings behind which they were sheltered. The skirmishers moved forward and the balance of the Fifth moved along uptlie road by the flank close behind them. Some person soon started a chemical process into operation which reduced the most of the material composing Mrs. Mooer’s house into its original elements. The heat was a little uncomfortable for the troops in marching past the burning house. Previous to this time the enemy was not aware that the advance of our cavalry was anything more than a reconnaissance, but the infantry going forward and in force and the burning building caused a courier to be sent at once to General Price, who notified him of the facts. He states that he received this knowledge at half-past two, and he gave orders at once for Hebert’s brigade to march from its position, about two miles northwest of Iuka, in reserve, on his line in frontofOrd to the Jacinto road, to meetthe threatened danger. These troops with the Clark and St. Louis batteries moved at 3:00 P. M., double-quick to Iuka, and out three- fourths of a mile south to the hill where the road crossed to the Fulton road. The rebel line of battle was formed mostly on the east side of the road. Gens. Price and Little soon followed with Martin’s Fourth Brigade, and Price himself superintended the formation of his line. At one time when the enemy w r as particularly obstinate, the balance of the Fifth formed in line to support our skirmishers. A sergeant of Company D while skirmishing was soou se- verely wounded in the thigh. The enemy’s skirmishers — dis- 6 S2 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 mounted cavalry — here rallied in a house in the centre of an open field, on the left of the road, and completely com- manded the field through which our skirmishers had to ap- proach; but a flank movement by the left of our skirmish line soon convinced them that to remain in their position was death or capture, and they broke for the rear, one of them falling dead in a peach orchard near the house as he ran. At the same time another was killed in the woods on the right of the road, and another mortally wounded; still another was killed and others wounded, but only one of ours injured. At four o’clock, and when we were about three miles from Iuka, the skirmish line of the Fifth was relieved by Companies A, B, G and I of the Twenty-sixth Missouri, under Lieutenant Colonel Holman. These kept pushing the enemy’s cavalry back, and while ascending the wooded hill, which the enemy had decided to occupy as his side of the battle ground, they dis- covered the enemy drawn up in line. Holman says in his re- port: Posted about forty yards above a ridge, covered -with timber and thick undergrowth, his artillery being in position in the road in front, a few shots were fired by my skirmishers, but the enemy held his fire; at this instant Company B drew the fire of the whole rebel line on the right, and fell back and rejoined the regiment. Company A rallied on the right and Captain Rice brought up his reserve, and getting into position near the top of the ridge, these three companies gave him their entire fire, and almost instantly drew the fire of their artillery and two regiments of infantry. Our skirmishers held their ground until our front line was formed, and then fell back and formed with their regiment. At the time this volley was tired General Hamilton and bis staff 1 were riding up the road a few rods in rear of the position where the Eleventh Ohio Battery was afterward stationed, and the writer was about four rods behind them, having fol- lowed all the afternoon behind the line of skirmishers to see the fun. We had been in to the well for a drink in the yard at Rick’s house, over the gate to which was a little circular board which read, “Iuka 2 miles.” This house was soon taken and used for our hospital. Aids soon hurried to the rear and the troops of our brigade came up on the run. The Fifth Iowa first, followed by the Eleventh 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 83 Ohio Battery, then the Twenty-sixth Missouri, the Forty- eighth Indiana, then the Fourth Minnesota, and last the Six- teenth Iowa, which was temporarily attached to our brigade in place of the Fifty-ninth Indiana, which had been left at Jacinto to help defend that place in our absence. Rick’s log planta- tion house stands on the west side of the road; in front of this and across the road there was a large, irregular shaped held, its surface being quite level ; its width in front of the house was nearly a quarter of a mile, and its entire length nearly a half mile. Passing by the house about a quarter of a mile, we came to a log church building on the west side, and just here the roads fork; the right hand passing through timber is narrow and fol- lows a kind of ridge, but on its left just beyond the forks is a shallow ravine, the ground being low and covered with long grass and bushes at first, and young, straight timber as we ad- vance. Across from the church and on the east side, a few rods away, there is a graveyard. The narrow road runs east-northeast for some two hundred yards, when it turns again to the north. Our troops had by this time ascended a low ridge covered with oak timber and comparatively free from underbrush; just when the road turned north again it began to descend from the ridge toward Iuka. This ridge ran east and west with an inclination to northwest and southeast. The eastern edge of the ridge divided into three spurs, one running nearly south, one running east-southeast, and the other intermediate. This ridge was about a quarter of a mile beyond the forks of the road and an old abandoned road passed along it. Our Line of Battle. The Fifth Iowa filed to the right and its line was formed along on top of this ridge, the right flank being refused, and extend- ing down its slope. The Eleventh Ohio Battery was formed on the left of the Fifth Iowa and on the east side of the road; the Forty-eighth Indiana (434 men), the left refused, on the left of the battery and west of the road; the Fourth Minnesota (408 84 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 men), on the left of the Forty-eighth, then on our left two guns of the Twelfth Wisconsin Battery under command of Lieut. L. D. Immell and Sergeant Jones (who was a lieutenant at Allatoona), and the Tenth Iowa under Colonel Perczel, as a support to the guns. This was our front line of battle and contained about one thousand seven hundred and fifty men. The Twenty-sixth Missouri formed in rear of the Fifth Iowa, the right of the regiment being down a steep side to a ravine and the left near the centre of the Fifth. TheSixteenth Iowa was formed on the left of the Twenty-sixth Missouri; it had three hundred and fifty men and was placed twenty yards in rear of the battery and the Forty-eighth Indiana; it crossed the road and masked the left of the Fifth Iowa, the battery and the three right com- panies of the Forty-eighth. The Eightieth Ohio and Seventeenth Iowa of Sullivan’s bri- gade (the Second) formed in the rear, the left of the Eightieth near the log church on the hill, with its right just across the northwest branch to the road where it turns down the hill; the Seventeenth Iowa was on its right and extended across the other road. At the time that Colonel Rankin formed the Seventeenth Iowa, his regiment became parted, the colonel going off to the right with the greater part of it, Captain Young remaining behind with a portion of the left iving, which was formed on the right of the Eightieth Ohio. He says: “Not being in- formed that any troops were in my front except the enemy, I allowed my men to reply to the balls which came near them,” and they were not aware, he says, that they were shooting at their own men until one of the Fifth Iowa came back and told him so. They were shooting into the woods ahead of them where so many of our men slaughtered each other. Captain Young also says in his report, that a regiment in his rear was also firing into his men. Colonel Holmes formed his regiment, the Tenth Missouri, with Company F of the Twenty-fourth Missouri attached, in all six hundred and fifty men, about four hundred yards to the right of the Iuka road and parallel with it (across from Rick’s house), to prevent a flank movement by the enemy, and also to 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 85 furnish support to the forces in front if any should be needed. The battle ground on ourside was an old abandoned field, which was perhaps fifty rods square; our line of battle, from the Ohio battery west, running across its southeast corner. The Forty- eighth Indiana was about three or four rods in front of the woods, which extended along in rear of our line, and about ten rods in rear of the Fourth Minnesota. There was a ravine in front of the Fifth Iowa, and a small fill for the public road •across it, and on the opposite side of the ravine was a heavy body of timber which covered the long hillside and effectually excluded the movements of the enemy until they were within a few rods of the line at that point; the ravine ran out into the old field, the surface of which was uneven and rolling. Waiting For Each Other. After the first fusilade by the enemy into our advance the firing ceased and the forces on each side seemed to be arrang- ing their lines of battle and waiting for the other to make a demonstration. Capt. E. Le Gro was placed in command of our regiment because he claimed he had before seen service, and Captain Edson took command of the left wing. Our line was now all facing the dense body of timber on the hill in our front, which hid everything from our view. Soon after the front line was formed our regiment was marched several rods to the front, where we fixed tine sword bayonets to our Whitney rifles and remained a few min- utes. While we were there in that position Colonel Perczel made a demonstration on our left to uncover the enemy, and says of it in his report : “At about 5:00 P. M. I took seven com- panies (of the Tenth Iowa) about a quarter of a mile up the left-hand road in advance of the left wing, and then sent three companies to the right into a dense wood. Then I put my two pieces into position and threw a few shells in an oblique direction, when I discovered the rebel lines. My three com- panies in the woods reported a full brigade of rebels advanc- ing on our left wing, on which I withdrew them.” We then returned to our former position on the left of the Forty-eighth Indiana, and soon after General Eosecrans walked in rear of 86 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 our line from the right to the left, the left of our line resting in front of a little log house on the road. An old abandoned road passed from the Iuka road at this point across the old field in our front and off to the right on the ridge by the Fifth Iowa. The Rebel Line. The Second Brigade, commanded by Gen. Louis Hebert, was formed with the Third Louisiana on the left, the Third Texas, (dismounted cavalry) in the centre, and Whitefield’s First Texas Legion (dismounted cavalry) on the right. The Fortieth Mississippi and battalions of the Fourteenth and Seventeenth Arkansas formed in rear of the Third Texas and Third Louisiana. This formation brought the Third Louisiana in front of the Fifth Iowa; the Third Texas in front of the battery and over- lapping the Fifth Iowa on the right of the battery, and White- field’s Legion faced the Forty-eighth Indiana. The Fourth (Martin’s brigade) was formed with the Thirty-sixth Mississippi on the left, then the Thirty-seventh Alabama, both being east of the wagon road ; then the Thirty-eighth and the Thirty-seventh Mississippi on the west of this road. Before the fighting had really begun with much severity, Martin’s brigade was ordered to the front to lengthen Hebert’s line. The two regi- ments on either side of the road were ordered to move forward and form on the right and left. The Thirty-eighth and Thirty- seventh Mississippi were in the act ofdoingtliis when they came in sight of our regiment, which opened itsfire on them and drove them from the field, they losing, as reported in their official reports, forty-eight killed and wounded, and not firing a shot during the action. The Churchill Clark four-gun battery con- fronted ours, and Price says in his report that it was the only one brought into action. It was stationed in the road at the top of the hill. Price also speaks of this battle as “ the hardest fought fight which I have ever witnessed.” In the meantime the two other regiments moved up and en- gaged in the action as ordered, increasing the force that the gallant Fifth Iowa and those at the battery had to contend against. About this time Trice ordered Little to bring for- 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 87 ward his other two brigades, the First (Gate’s) and Third (Green’s), “which were some two miles distant. Just there he (Little) fell, pierced through the brain with a minie-ball.” The two brigades reached the field at dark. On the death of General Little, Brig. Gen. Louis Hebert succeeded to the command of the First Division. The enemy soon advanced down the wooded slope in our front and probably sbdy rods distant. Our troops on the left opened at once and drove them back, their colors dropping two or three times before they got out of sight. (This regiment was doubtless Colonel McLain’s Thirty-seventh Mississippi.) The action soon became general along the whole line, and the bullets flew in all directions' like hail stones, and, very for- tunately for us, we being on low ground, the most of them went over our heads. A constant shower of bullets, fired by our troops, passed just over our heads. At the beginning of the action Lieut. James A. Goodwin of Company E was shot through the hip, and George E. Sly ot Company A, E. M. Broughton of Company H and two men of Company E carried him off the field in an army blanket to Rick’s house. J. W. Dunn, the orderly sergeant of Company B, and several others were soon wounded. The ground in front of our regiment was higher than that on which we were standing, which served to protect us, but as we go up the line where the Forty-eighth Indiana was it gradually rose. This regiment was bent back or refused on its left, and in looking up its line from where we were we could not see its full length nor the battery on its right because of the timber in its rear. We did, however, see a part of its rear rank go back to the edge of the woods and re- turn a couple of times, and then the whole regiment broke and fled into the woods in its rear. They had discovered the enemy advancing on them three lines deep, and instead of stopping on our line to fight left it. The enemy advanced against the Ohio Battery and its sup- ports. Colonel Matthies rode along the front and rear of his line, encouraging his gallant men, and cautioning them about keeping cool. Presently they heard the enemy’s line advanc- ing in their front. The officers’ commands of “ Steady there! ” 88 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 “Back in tlie centre!” and other orders of alignment could be distinctly heard, but they could not see them for the low ridge some thirty or fifty yards in their front. These troops who were advancing upon them were veterans — some of the regiments had fought at Wilson’s Creek (Oak Hills), Pea Ridge (Elk Horn Tavern), Cowskin Prairie and many other engage- ments before crossing the Mississippi, and were engaged at Farmington in front of Corinth. Not a regiment of our brigade had before this been engaged in a battle. Their steady tramp comes nearer, and in a moment Colonel Matthies com- mands, “Attention, battalion! Ready! Aim! Fire!” and a sheet of flame and lead is sent into the ranks of the advancing enemy, they first appearing in front of the left of this regi- ment, along the ridge iu front and about fifty yards away. The enemy is quick to reply, and the contest is begun and con- tinued with the greatest severity. The Eleventh Ohio Battery is so placed that the enemy can approach unseen, under cover of the thick woods, to within a few hundred feet $>f it. Lieut. Cyrus Sears is in command of it, and the men work at the guns like Trojans and send double-shotted canister as fast as they can load and fire into the enemy. Their advancing line passed down into the ravine in front of the battery and the Fifth Iowa, and the fire of our troops went over their heads and allowed them to approach right up to the line, where a hand-to-hand contest seemed about to be inaugurated. Rose- crans sent an order for Matthies to hold his position at all hazards. “ That’s what I calculate to do,” was the answer of the colonel. The enemy gave a cheer and a yell and came up on a charge on the Fifth. “ Forward ! Double-quick ! Charge ! ” rang out the voice of “ Old Dutchie,” as the boys familiarly called their brave and gallant leader. Down went their sword bayonets, and with a cheer and a dash the gallant Fifth drove the enemy back into the ravine. They soon re- turned and the fighting went on. When the Forty-eighth Indiana ran into the woods the enemy was advancing on them in “ three lines, two deep each,” and followed them into the w'oods and got on the left flank of the battery. While the Forty-eighth was in the woods, in front of the Sixteenth Iowa, 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 89 and their officers were endeavoring to rally and form them into line, the Sixteenth Iowa fired a volley into the disorganized mass, which killed and wounded nearly one hundred of them. On reading the official reports of this battle, we were aston- ished at the loss of the Forty-eighth Indiana, and wrote to General Sanborn for an explanation, and in reply he wrote: The great loss made by the Forty-eighth Indiana was the result of a full volley fired by the Sixteenth Iowa, which was in reserve and immediately in their rear when the rebels broke the right of their line. The rebels and the Forty-eighth men came back absolutely intermingled, with the troops of the Forty-eighth but a few paces in advance in any place. I was near Colonel Eddy between the lines and near the right of both regiments, which was about on the same line. The colonel and his horse fell at the same time that the line broke, shot with from three to five balls each. The Sixteenth Iowa rose up and both ranks brought their guns down to the shoulder, took aim and made ready to fire, and I shouted over and over again at the top of my voice for the men to hold their fire until the Forty-eighth had passed. The troops of the Sixteenth Iowa were cool and looked up intelligently as if they understood the command. I rode to the right of their line, which was but a few paces, and when about half of the Forty-eighth Indiana men that had broken from their own line had got through or over the line in some way, and a few butternuts were getting very close, the Sixteenth Iowa delivered its volley and everything was sweptdown in its front to the crest of the ridge where the Forty-eighth was first formed, and the Sixteenth Iowa immediately rushed forward and took that position ; the rebels were still the other side of the crest and Colonel Chambers was soon shot and fell into their hands; but this accounts for the great loss in that regiment. You may want to know, and the world may want to know, why these facts were not embodied in my official report of the battle. I did embody them in my first report, and both Generals Hamilton and Rose- crans recommended that they be omitted and I redrafted the report and omitted them. They thought that these facts might tend to humiliate some of the officers and men when there was no ground for such humiliation, and both stated that veteran troops could not have been expected to hold the position or to have done better, and that although the fire of the Sixteenth Iowa seemed cruel, that regiment could no longer have been expected to withhold its fire, as rebel troops were within a few rods or a few feet of them. The discharge of that volley by the Sixteenth Iowa was the most cruel and destructive sight that I witnessed in the war, and is as vivid now as when the men brought their guns down to the shoulder, took aim and made ready to fire. Lieutenant. Colonel Sanders of the Sixteenth Iowa says, in his report, in speaking of his regiment: “The left, holding a comparatively safe position, did not retire until they were fired into by one of our own regiments in the rear.” 90 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 Some little time after the Forty-eighth Indiana left the line, Captain Le Gro ordered our right wing to fall back to the woods. He thought that the enem}’ would get in on our right flank and he would be prepared to meet them from that direction. This was a terrible blunder, because a right oblique fire from us along the front of the battery aud into the woods in its front would have prevented any force from going through the gap, and also aided those who were engaged in a desperate struggle against far superior numbers on the right. We do not know how the order was given and executed on the left, but Lieutenant Snyder, who commanded Company B on the right, said: “ Men! the order is to fall back to the edge of the woods. Go back in good order, now!” and before he had time to say any more the boys fell back. Great Cresar! how they flew for that brush. I started at first to walk, feel- ing disgusted, then took three or four jumps, as the bullets came in swarms from all directions just over nry head, when my cap fell off and I returned and got it. We reached the edge of the timber all safely on the right, but we were in a fearfully mixed- up mess, and while Lieutenant Snyder was trying to preserve order and form his company, every other man in the company was trying to do the same thing with his neighbor. “Form here, men! form here!” “Stand where you are!” “There, now, form on this man!” and for several minutes the men in the company seemed to have lost their reason. Ethan Allen, one of the color guard, and the writer finally concluded to watch the line that we had just left to see if the enemy were also coming in, for we had not as yet seen a rebel, and we got behind the dirt-filled roots of a fallen tree and remained there a few moments, when we saw the enemy going into the woods on the right. Allen shot at a tall man who wore a straw hat, and he fell. The movement made by Le Gro’s order virtually drew the regiment out of the battle. Snyder soon formed the company and we moved a few rods further to the rear and into the road, which was called the main Iuka road, and the balance of the regiment soon joined us. Colonel Perczel and the two guns of Immell also changed front with us. The fight on the right at this time up at the battery was raging 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 91 furiously. Volleys could not be distinguished, and until the end of the engagement it was like one continued roar or clap of thunder, and although Ord and Grant, six or seven miles on the north side of Iuka, say they did not hear it, the wind being from the north, the citizens at Jacinto, eighteen miles distant, heard it, so they informed us, as plainly as if it had been only a mile away from their village. The Forty eighth and Sixteenth having been driven from the field, and the rebels having possession of the timber on the left of the battery, and the Fifth Iowa and Twenty-sixth Mis- souri, these men went down like grass before a scythe. At length Col. George B. Boomer, seeing the left companies of the Fifth Iowa in his front being badly thinned, took the four left companies (F, E, Ii and C) of his regiment, in all 162 men, and moved up and strengthened Matthies’ left. He saj's: “And I at the same time ordered my right wing to remain wdiere it was and await my orders.” When the men in Boomer’s four companies were nearly all disabled, he went to the low sheltered ground for his other six strong companies. “When I returned to where I had ordered Lieutenant Colonel Holman to remain with the right wing, I found it gone. I immediately returned to the left wing, where, mixed up with the disabled battery, we remained without giv- ing an inch until I was severely wounded, having been slight- ly wounded before. I immediately ordered the men to retreat down the ravine and was carried off the field. Wehad lost seven- ty-nine men, including five commissioned officers wounded.” Holman says: “The battery had been carried and one of the caissons came down on my left and threw that part of my line into confusion. Seeing that I was being flanked on the left and that it was impossible to rally the left of my line I or- dered my command to fall back to the field, a short distance below my first line.” During the fight the Thirty-seventh Alabama came up in front of the Fifth Iowa, and delivered a terrible volley and charged upon their line, and a brave, big red-shirted Alabaman tried to seize the colors of the Fifth, but he was killed at once and his regiment driven back. The Fifth Iowa and Boomer’s four 92 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 companies continued the battle alone until their ammunition was all expended, when Matthies directed his men to retire to the held, about one hundred yards in his rear, where, under a galling fire, he reformed his regiment, and then marched it by the right of companies to the rear, passing near the road. Am- munition was then distributed to the men, and they rested on their arms during the night. Colonel Holmes, seeing our forces giving way at the battery, changed front on his left to move up, if required, leaving his skirmishers out where they had been placed, but no one or- dered him up. Holman, about the same time that Holmes changed front, formed his six companies on Holmes’ right, where they remained during the night. General Roseerans went over a mile to the rear, where Stanley’s division was quietly resting in the road, and ordered up Mower with his brigade. Mower rode to the front, followed only by his own regiment, the Eleventh Missouri, which had, owingto some error, filed out of the line, and marching by and ahead of the Twen- ty-sixth and Forty-seventh Illinois in its front, moved forward with cheers, on the run, up to the ground in rear of the Fifth Iowa, being attracted to that part of the field by the heavy fighting, and passing by Colonel Holmes’ regiment on their march, and just before they formed in line, meeting Colonel Matthies and the remnant of his command. Mower says: “On arriving at that point, I halted the head of the brigade, when I found that I had only one regiment with me, the Elev- enth Missouri Volunteers.” The regiment was soon engaged in a close contest with the enemy. On entering the woods they found themselves within thirty paces of the enemy and face to face with the Fourth Mississippi Brigade, and gave them a volley. The Eleventh continued fighting, and it was for a part of the time a hand- to-hand struggle. A number of prisoners were taken who pressed into our lines, five by my color guard alone. “After fighting for some time the enemy fell back to the top of the ridge. About this time, the ammunition of the regiment hav- ing been all expended, they fell back eight or ten rods, where they remained until morning. 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 93 When the enemy fell back to the ridge, they were on the ground previously occupied by the Fifth Iowa and our front line, and held that line during the night. The Eleventh Mis- souri did not advance to the ground that had been occupied by the Fifth Iowa, but was in the low ground to the rear of it. General Sanborn says: “The position of the regiment (Fourth Minnesota) relative to the balance of the line compelled me to move it by its right flank up in rear of the line occupied by the battery and the Fifth Iowa, where it remained until in the night.” While we were standing in the road, the cheers on the right of our line informed us that the enemy had carried the battery, and not long after that we began our movement to the right. In moving up to a position in rear of the Eleventh Ohio Battery and the Fifth Iowa, our regiment, led by Company B, marched by the right flank up the road, about forty rods or more, toward the log church, and then in line of battle through the small timber to the front. The fighting at this time had entirely ceased. On our way to the front we stepped over a good many of our wounded who belonged to other regiments, several of whom begged us to shoot them aud put them out of their misery. Before arriving at the place of our destina- tion we were halted. It was now very dark. A part of our left wing in this movement became detached from the regi- ment and got between the Eightieth Ohio and the enemy. Our right wing halted within a few rods of the rebel line, which lay concealed in the woods. Our right was at this time in rear of the Eightieth Ohio, which had previous to this time moved some distance to the front. The rebels fired into and over our left wing and into the Eightieth Ohio, and they — not having been informed that our regiment or any part of it was in their front or rear, returned the fire — also firing to the rear killed and wounded more of our men than the enemy had done before. On the right we were on lower ground than either of the com- mands that did the shooting, otherwise our loss would have been much greater than it was. It has been a difficult matter with the writer to explain the manner in which our regiment became separated in its movement to the right, some of the men who were on the left explaining it by stating that the left wing, 94 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 with Company A in the advance, marched hy the right flank (fours) and got between the Eightieth Ohio and the enemy while marching by fours. General Tourtellotte explains it by stating: “After the fight and after dark the regiment was moved toward a position where we were to bivouac for the night. In passing through a grove we came upou the bivouac of an Ohio (?) regiment, who thought we were the ene- my, and fired upon us in a straggling way without orders. Some of our men were killed and wounded. Part of our regi- ment continued on the march and part of the regiment lay down to avoid the shots, which very soon ceased. We did not run upon the enemy, and no enemy fired upon us after dark. I do not remember where the commanding officer of the regi- ment was. Adjutant Thompson, I think, and probably Kitt- redge (sergeant major) and I, who happened to be a senior cap- tain with that part of the regiment, started out to get the regi- ment together. We bivouacked in the woods. The night in the woods was very dark.” T. M. Young of Company A in- forms us that he walked in among the enemy, heard them speak in a low voice to each other and say, “This way, Third Texas!” when he stooped down and ran out of their lines. Mr. Geo. E. Sly also states that “ We in the left wing (where Company A was) got between the lines and were fired into by both parties.” And he made a record of it soon after, and as we have found Mr. Sly very correct in other matters that he made a record of, we consider this as reliable. I know that the right wing halted in rear of the Eightieth, and that they turned and fired to the rear and into us. Commands were at once given by several in a loud voice to “Lie down!” and the most of us seemed willing to obey. Captain Inman of Com- pany D, in the right wing, demanded, “Who are you ? What regiment is this that is shooting into us!” and it was several minutes before the true state of facts became known. The ex- treme right of our regiment (Company B) had passed just be- yond the right of the Eightieth. Soon after the firing occurred Captain Lueg of Company G, in the darkness walked against a wounded horse a few feet beyond our right, which fell upon him. Several of us went to him at once and released him 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 95 When the shots were fired the right had halted, and, speaking from memory, I should say that we were not over two or three rods in the rear of the Eightieth. The blaze from their guns came into our faces and over our heads, and we felt a “ Thank God! they are on higher ground than we are,” as, with Sam Russell, we crouched behind a tree about three inches in di- ameter. Ben Pool of Company Cwas mortally wounded by the volley of the Eightieth Ohio. Not long after we were fired into, Quartermaster Hunt came with orders and at 8:30 p. M.the most of the regiment marched by the right flank to the rear and into the field across the road from and southeast of the hospital, where, with the right of our regiment resting against the rail fence on the east side of the field, we remained during the night in line, facing the enemy. As the night was cold and the dew was heavy, some of us felt it keenly, having left our coats in the wagon train. Soon after we withdrew from the left, Colonel Perczel withdrew the Tenth Iowa from that position and moved it up near to the hospital building, and Lieutenant Immell also withdrew his two guns and moved them up by the log church building where he had at first left his other two guns, the teams to which during the stampede from the right had run awaj 7 and broken out the tongues. After we had moved into this field, other regiments of Mower’s brigade were moved up the road to the front, pass- ing within a few rods of us, and helped form our night line which passed through the graveyard. Another line of battle was formed, with Stanley’s division south of the hospital. These preparations and placing the ar- tillery consumed nearly the whole night. It would have been a grand thing for us it communication could have been opened with Grant, but there was no road without going nearly back to Jacinto, and the country intervening was almost impassable to horsemen. Some of Stanley’s division kept moving up from where they had rested, over a mile fimn the battlefield, until the small hours. Positions were selected and the batteries planted on the high grounds, south of Rick’s house, by Col. J. L. Kirby Smith of the Forty-third Ohio, and dispositions were made for 96 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 a renewal of the battle in the morning, which we expected the enemy to open at daybreak. During the night some of the boys thought that they would smoke, but no sooner was a match lit than, “Put out that light!” would be ordered by half a dozen staff officers. Both sides were gathering their wounded from the field in the night, the enemy taking theirs into Iuka. An unusual amount of noise and activity, as if the enemy was chopping trees and moving men and teams and giving orders, gave the impression to us that when dawn appeared we would be at- tacked, but at that time they had moved away, going south on the Fulton road, Maury’s division, which had not been en- gaged, guarding their rear. Hebert says: “ Night having stopped the conflict, arrange- ments were made to renew it at daybreak or to repel the foe, should he in the night move forward his line, then only some two hundred yards in front. The Second Brigade which had suffered severely, was quietly withdrawn from the line and re- placed by the First. The Fourth, after being joined by the two regiments which had been at first sent to the right, re- mained on the line to form the left wing. The Third Brigade was still held in reserve. In this order the division remained in position until before day, when it commenced falling back to march in retreat.” The next morning, on going forward to the ground on which the battle occurred, we found the guns of the Eleventh Ohio Battery standing in the road between the two lines of battle, and about one hundred yards in front of the position where they were when captured, the enemy spiked the guns with ten- penny board nails in their vents. The dead lay thickly scattered on the little ridge occupied by the Fifth Iowa and the battery, and also in the tvoods to the left and rear, where our troops had been engaged in slaughtering each other. In the low ground be- hind the battery twelve horses belonging to two caissons had become tangled together and piled up like a pyramid. Some below were wounded; others, dead, and over and above all, with his hind feet entangled down among the dead and wounded beneath him, stood a noble looking animal with head and ears 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 97 erect, his right fore leg bent over the neck of a horse beneath him, his eyes wide open and out of his nostrils there extended, like a great white beard, a foam fully a foot long and streaked with purple. He was dead. This scene, and with it that of our dead heroes and those of the enemy lying thickly over the ground and the look of destruction and desolation that abounded in the vicinity, was the grandest and most awful spectacle of war that I viewed during a service of four and a half years. Col. John W. Fuller of the Twenty-seventh Ohio, command- ing the First Brigade of Stanley’s division, said in his official report : When within about three miles oi' Iuka we were halted in the road, and the batteries were moved to the right of the road aud placed in position near the edge of the woods and on the hill which overlooked the open field, directly south of the scene of the action. At sunset I received orders to advance im- mediately to the front. As soon as the order, “Double-quick! ” was given the infantry ran forward, swinging their hats and cheering lustily. But darkness brought a cessation of the firing just in time to prevent our taking a part in the action. Soon after dawn it was reported that the enemy had left the field of battle and taken a position nearer the town. My command took the advance, and after passing the field three regiments formed in line of battle — the Twenty- seventh, Thirty-ninth and Forty-third Ohio, of my brigade, and the Forty- seventh Illinois, Colonel Mower’s bflgade — and moved forward upon the town. During the deployment Captain Powell’s battery (M, First Missouri Light Artillery) was brought forward and threw a few shots at a body of the enemy which appeared near the Fulton road. As we neared the town a flag of truce came out, borne by a citizen, saying the citizens desired to surrender the town, and that the soldiers (enemy) were all in the ditches dug by the Federal army. We then moved forward into the town and found that the enemy had evacu- ated the place, leaving by the Fulton road. My command went forward in pursuit till we reached Crippled Deer creek. * * * Resting near Crippled Deer creek for the night we commenced our return toward Jacinto about eight o’clock on the morning of the twenty-first. The shots fired by Powell’s battery was the first notice Ord and Grant received of the approach of Rosecrans’ army, and Ord then moved into Iuka with his troops. When General Grant rode into the town he was disappointed on finding that Rosecrans had not occupied the Fulton road, but in his report he says: “A partial examination of the country afterward con- vinced me, however, that troops moving in separate columns by the routes suggested could not support each other until they arrived near Iuka.’ - In his memoirs, however, he blamed Rose- crans for not doing so. 7 98 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 Personal Incidents. T. M. Young of Company A says: At night the regiment is moved up to protect the guns of the Eleventh Ohio Battery; we get between the lines and are fired into by the Thirty-ninth and Eightieth Ohio and the Seventeenth Iowa ; also by the rebels. We lose a good many men, among them Thor Olson of Company A, mortally wounded. I am badly hurt myself by the discharge of a musket in the hands of a rebel, but I was too near for the bullet to strike me, and was only burnt and scarred. My hat was destroyed by the shot. Bivouac in an open field. Very Cold. No supper. George E. Sly of Company A says: Our regiment formed on the left of the Forty-eighth Indiana and in a hol- low across the corner of a field. The musicians were ordered to return to the hospital (an old log house) and bring up the litters. The bass drummer and I started out of the brush in the rear of the right of our regiment just as the rebels fired. We laid down on the side hill and the bullets cut the grass around us. The Forty-eighth Indiana ran and I went back in the brush and lay down behind a log. When the regiment in rear fired into the Forty-eighth Indiana I was on the same side of the log and did not know which side was the safest. When the firing stopped I went back to the road and met a wounded orderly sergeant; thought it a good chance to get out of danger, took his things and we started back and met the cavalry guard, who commanded me to return to the front; I would not obey until compelled to by a pistol; found theregiment and concluded to stay with the sergeants; helped carry a wounded lieutenant of Company E (Goodwin) to the hospital in a blanket; returned to the regiment, moved to the right after dark, and getting between the lines in the bush we were fired on by both lines; great confusion; officers shouting, “ Here, Company A!” “Here, Company B!” etc.; helped carry a wounded man to the hospital; could not find my things; laid down on the bare ground under a tree and shivered all night. It is amusing to read the statement of Comrade Sly. We will say that George Sly was a good soldier. At that time he was only about sixteen years of age. Captain Young of' Company A states: We saw the enemy advancing down the opposite hill and I cautioned the men not to fire until they received the command to do so. The lay of the ground could not have been better adapted for our purpose if we had fixed it ourselves, and when they had advanced until they were in good range I gave the order for our company to commence firing, and it was fun to see them skedaddle. At the time of the battle the duty of the writer was to assist Commissary Sergeant Wilson in the regimental commissary, 1862] MINNESOTA INEANTEY VOLUNTEEKS. 99 but having a desire to go into battle with the regiment, as the Fourth came up, with Company B in the lead, I asked the men if any one felt unwell and would lend me a gun. Not being able to borrow one in the regiment, I saw an ambulance near by, and running to it got one of a man belonging to Company B, Fifth Iowa, who was assisting a wounded skir- misher, and running ahead went in with Company B of our regi- ment. George Baird of Company K at the time of the battle was detailed and acting as regimental postmaster, and not obliged to take part in the battle; but he borrowed a gun and went into the ranks, as did also Wilson W. Kick, who was at that time clerk for the regimental adjutant. The morning of the nineteenth found Lieut. T. B. Hunt, our regimental quartermaster, and Commissary Sergt. T. P. Wilson in Corinth, where they had gone for supplies for the regiment. About noon, hearing that a battle was to occur, they left at once for Iuka, and after riding about forty miles to get to the regiment and participate in the battle, arrived upon the field in time to be of service. During the progress of the battle, a great many of the officers’ colored servants “fell hack on the base,” and many ludicrous scenes were enacted in the rear, where they sheltered them- selves behind trees and logs. Some of the best runners seemed to act as if they had business at Corinth and had no time to spare on the road. Before Hunt and Wilson reached our lines they met one going as fast as he could. They stopped him and inquired how the battle was progressing. “ Oh, Lord, Massa! Big fight up dah; an I’se gitten to de r’ar. I’se dest trowed way a big key, and a knife dat I paid five cents fur, ter lighten me up, so I kin go faster. Yer bettah look out up dar ! ” , On their arrival on the field Lieutenant Hunt served as aid to Colonel Sanborn, and was very active and efficient. Ser- geant Wilson rode to the front to find the regiment and pass- ing up the road just after we had moved to the right, found himself very suddenly in the presence of a line of Confederate soldiers, who were lying on the ground behind a fence with their arms all ready to fire. “Where are you going?” said one of 100 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 them, “Oh ! just looking around a little,” he replied, as heturned his horse partly around and looked hack up the road from whence he had come. “You had better not go very far in that direction,” said the rebel, who had not observed his blue uni- form. “ I'll be careful.” said Wilson, as heturned his horse to the left and rode away across the field and made his escape. Our loss consisted of: Officers killed, 5; officers wounded, 44; enlisted men killed, 136; enlisted men wounded, 569; officers missing, 1; enlisted men missing, 35; total loss, 790. Price had not less than sixteen thousand at Iuka, and a week later he left Baldwyn to join Van Dorn with an effective force of thirteen thousand. Gen. Henry Little’s division consisted of four brigades, and Rosecrans had in his two divisions but that many. The management on our side began with a blunder in trying to reach the cross-road where the rebels had their line of battle and on which Rosecrans expected to move a division over to the Fulton road, and moving the head of our columns too far to the front before forming our line, and blundering from that all through. We felt relieved the next morning when we found that the Johnnies had concluded to join Van Dorn. First Lieut. Cyrus Sears and Second Lieut. IJ. M. Neil were present with Captain Sands’ Eleventh Ohio Battery, Lieuten- ant Sears being in command. He wrote from Pitt, Ohio, under date of Nov. 6, 1884, of the part taken by his battery in this battle: The official report from the battery showed an expenditure of one hundred and sixteen rounds, mostly canister, and double canister at that — and pains were taken to make this report accurate. This battery went into the fight with about one hundred and five men and had sixteen killed on the field and thirty- nine wounded. Forty-six of these (killed and wounded) were of the gunners, of whom there were a total of fifty-four. Three out of four officers shared the same fate. Forty-two horses were killed upon the field and (a coincidence) forty-two were so disabled from wounds that they had to be turned over unfit for service. [The official report spoken of by Sears is not published among the government records. — Ed.] In an article on “The Chances of Being Hit in Battle,” dur- ing the war. The Century Magazine for May, 1888, states: The Eleventh Ohio Battery sustained the greatest loss in any one action. At the battle of Iuka it lost sixteen killed and thirty-nine wounded, the enemy 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 101 capturiDg the battery, but the gunners, refusing to surrender, worked their pieces to the last and were shot down at the guns. The battery went into action with fifty-four gunners, forty-six of whom were killed or wounded, the remainder of the casualties occurring among the drivers or others. [Lossing says: “The men of the Eleventh Ohio Battery suffered dreadfully. Seventy-two were slain or wounded.” — Ed.J Hebert’s brigade is reported as having 1,651 men, besides 123 men in the two batteries, the Thirty-sixth Mississippi, 323 and the Thirty-seventh Alabama, 304. This would make 2,278 infantry that the men at the battery and its supports had to fight during nearly the whole time of the hour and a half that the battle lasted. There could not have been over four hun- dred and fifty men in the Fifth Iowa; Boomer had 162 and with the gunners of the battery would make about 666, who alone were fighting the whole rebel force. The Forty-eighth Indiana being in front of the Sixteenth Iowa they could not fire on the enemy, and did not until they poured their volley into them and the Forty-eighth together, and when we fell back the whole left wing was drawn out of the fight. We felt ashamed of ourselves as we stood in that road and heard the fight the Fifth Iowa and the battery were making. Rosecrans accounted for his short line by saying that the ground was such on the right and left that there was no place to develop or extend our line; but that is an error. There was no swamp on either flank. The fact is, he lost his head. He spent too much time in looking the ground over and walking along our line, to see how our few regiments were placed. He should have kept his troops moving to the front. He was undoubtedly skilled in the art of war, but he made a sad fail- ure in the management of this battle. Price reported his loss as 493, killed and wounded; but Rosecrans gives it as, killed, 265; died in hospital of wounds, 120; left in hospital, 342; estimated number of wounded removed, 350; prisoners, 361; total, 1,438. The reader would not know by reading the official reports of General Hamilton or Rosecrans that our regiment was in the front line of the battle, and the official map of the battlefield, drawn by Rosecrans’ engineer officer, places our regiment in rear of the Forty-eighth Indiana, the position occupied by the 102 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 Sixteenth Iowa. Colonel Eddy’s official report did not men- tion the fact of their having been fired into by the Sixteenth Iowa, nor does the report of Lieut. Col. Ad. H. Sanders of the Sixteenth Iowa say anything of it, but he did say that his regiment was “fired into by one of our regiments in the rear.” Nor did Le Gro mention the fact in his report that the Eight- ieth Ohio fired into us. General Sullivan in his report stated that “ The Thirty-ninth Ohio, through a mistake and without orders, fired a volley into the rear of my line, killing and wounding more than my whole loss prior to that time.” We will state that the Forty-eighth Indiana, the Sixteenth and Sev- enteenth Iowa and the others were good regiments of brave and gallant men, and more than redeemed their reputation af- ter this battle. We venture the assertion, and we believe it to be true, that we lost more men in killed and wounded by the fire of our own troops than we did by that of the enemy. We are indebted to Mr. J. Q. A. Campbell of Company B, Fifth Iowa, for some of the statements in this record, more especially regarding the part taken by his regiment, and extend to him our thanks. Report of Captain Le Gro. Headquarters Fourth Minnesota Volunteers, Camp, Six Miles South of Iuka, Miss., Sept. 20, 1862. Sir: I have the honor to make the following report of the movements of the regiment under my command during the battle of yesterday near Iuka: At 5 P. M. I moved my command at double-quick to a position on the left of the Forty-eighth Indiana, which regiment was in support of the Eleventh Ohio Battery, commanded by Lieutenant Sears. Shortly after the battle was opened by the battery and raged furiously along the line for half an hour, when the Forty-eighth Indiana, being compelled to give away, fell back to the edge of the woods, leaving my regiment exposed to an oblique lire in the rear from the advancing enemy. I then ordered the right wing to fall back ten rods to the timber, which was accomplished in good order, notwithstanding the gall- ing and incessant fire of the enemy. This change of position brought our line in the form of a semicircle, partly facing the battery. Here we re- mained some twenty minutes, when the fire of the enemy was directed against the troops on the right of the battery. I was then ordered to move by the right flank about forty rods up the road, at nearly a right angle to my first position, and then by the left flank, in order of battle, to a point near where the battery was first placed, which I did immediately. This position I occu- pied until 8:15 P. M., when the enemy having fallen back, I was relieved by the Eightieth Ohio and ordered to the rear for a fresh supply of ammunition. Throughout the whole both officers and men behaved with coolness and cour- 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 103 age, conducting themselves in a manner highly commendable. Too much praise caunot be awarded Surg. J. H. Murphy and his assistants for their unceas- ing attentions to the wounded throughout the action and during the night. I inclose list of killed, wounded and missing. I have the honor, etc., E. Le Geo, Captain Commanding Fourth Regiment , Minnesota Volunteers. Col. J. B. Sanborn, Commanding First Brigade. LIST OF KILLED AND WOUNDED OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT, MINNESOTA VOL- UNTEERS, AT THE BATTLE OF IUKA, MISS., SEPT. 19, 1862. Enlisted Men Killed. Name. Rank. Co. Remarks. Private. C c Attached to 11th Ohio Battery. Private. F Enlisted Men Wounded. Thor Olsen Private. A Wounded in arm and leg. J. W. Dudd 1st Sergt. B Wounded in leg. 0. Graham Sergt. B Wounded in thumb . slight. C. G.Mickel ... Corporal. B Wounded in back and shoulder. James Neil Private. B Wounded in head; slight. Ed. A. Zeibarth Private. B Wounded in left thigh. Charles M. Perkins Private. C Not stated where. Thomas H. Reeves Private. C Wounded in finger ; slightly. George G. Kimball 1st Sergt. D Wounded in shoulder and back; severely. George A. Clark Private. D Wounded in left thigh. J. E. Sampson Private. D Not stated where. S. M. Momeny Private. D Wounded in leg; severely. Jas. A. Goodwin 2d Lieut. E Thigh broken; severely. Addison Phelps Sergt. E Wounded in groin; slightly. John Boss Private. E Wounded in leg. 0. Lindersmith Private. E Wounded in leg. G. W. Thomas Corporal. E Wounded in leg; slightly. Enos A. Bunker Private. E Wounded in leg. Benj. Siers Private. E Wounded in Deck; slightly. Fred Shraum Private. E Wounded; slightly. Joseph Tatro Private. E Wounded ; slightly. Ira 6. Russell Private. F Wounded; severely. William F. Wheeler 1 st Lieut. F On General Hamilton’s staff; wounded slightly onhead. J. W. Burdick Corporal F Wounded in head ; slightlv. George Winchell Private. F Wounded in shoulder. Hollis E. Sergent Private. F Not stated where. Geo. K. Campbell Private. G Not stated where. John Eike Private. G Wounded in leg John Tobbe Private. G Wounded in ankle. Patrick Loftus Private. G Wounded in hand. Antoine Montrail Private. G Wounded in head. George Rieder Private. G Wounded in both ankles. Bernard Westman Private. G Not stated where. Charles Olsen Private. H Wounded in both legs. N. S. Howland Private. H Wounded: slightly. Peter Lentz Private H Wounded; slightly. Andrew Anderson Private. H Wounded; slightlv. Sam’l T. Isaac Sergt. I Wounded in hand; slightly. Geo. S. Hutchinson Private. K Wounded in thigh and breast ; severely. AaTon B. Morse Private. K Wounded in back and breast. S. M. Milhollin Private. K Wounded in back. John G. McCann Private. K Wounded in hand and thigh. Martin Keifer Private. K Wounded in left arm just below shoulder; slightly. Isaac Dezotelle Private. K Attached to 11th Ohio Battery; wounded arm and leg died Oct. 23. The foregoing is a list of wounded obtained by us from the office of the adjutant general at Washington. The list did not state in what manner the men were wounded. We obtained 104 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 that from the newspapers and from the best authority we could get. We have learned that the following named persons were also injured: Caleb Powers, Compauy K, states that he was wounded in left leg on Sept. 15, 1862, at Jacinto. Thomas J. Bishop, Company K, also writes that he was injured across his back at Iuka by a shot. Mason Rubey, Company H; slightly, on head, near Iuka. John Wiedert, Company H; in leg, at Iuka. Capt. Charles Lueg, Company G ; a wounded horse fell on him in the dark after the Eightieth Ohio had fired into us. [The writer ran to him and aided him at the time.] Oscar Tiffany, Company E ; slightly, in leg. A. H. Kellogg, Company D ; in ankle. Two men of our regiment were reported as captured or miss- ing at this battle. Moses Norris of Company I, who joined us on March 30, 1863, was one of them, and Henry Harper of Company I was the other. Harper afterward enlisted in the Mississippi Marine Brigade. Michael Dolan of Company E was stunned and injured by the tire of the Eightieth Ohio, so much so that he was helpless. He informed us that Harvey McKee of Company E led him off the field in the night. BATTLE OF IUKA. Return op Casualties in the Union Forces. — Army of the Mississippi— Maj. Gen. William S. Rosecrans. [Compiled from nominal lists of casualties, returns, etc.; v. 17, 1, 77.1 Command. Killed. Wounded. Captured or Missing. Aggregate. Officers. Enlisted Men. Officers. Enlisted Men. Officers. Enlisted Men. SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. David S. Stanley. FIRST BRIGADE. Col. John W. Fuller. Twenty-seventh Ohio 6 6 Sixty-third Ohio 2 2 Wisconsin Lt. Artillery, Eighth Battery (section) 8 8 SECOND BRIGADE. Col. Joseph A. Mower. 1 4 5 60 1 3 5 7 76 2 3 1 7 i 6 1 3 Total Second Brigade 93 8 8 73 i 3 8 8 81 1 3 101 1862] MINNESOTA INF ANTE Y VOLUNTEERS, 105 BATTLE OF IUKA. Return of Casualties in the Union Forces — Continued. [From the War Records; v. 17, 1, 78.] Command. Killed. Wounded . Captured or Missing. Aggregate. Officers. Enlisted Men. Officers. Enlisted Men. Officers. Enlisted Men. THIRD DIVISION. Brig. Gen. Charles S. Hamilton. Staff 2 2 ESCORT. 1 2 3 FIRST BRIGADE. Col. John B. Sanborn. Forty-eighth Indiana 37 34 13 2 21 16 4 10 4 1 5 2 52 169 44 40 70 33 7 1 13 2 1 3 100 217 75 45 97 54 Fifth Iowa 3 1 Fourth Minnesota Ohio Light Artillery, Eleventh Battery Total First Brigade SECOND BRIGADE. Brig. Gen. Jeremiah C. Sullivan. Tenth Iowa 4 123 26 408 27 588 6 35 13 1 13 3 1 4 7 46 13 1 15 4 Seventeenth Iowa. i 3 3 Tenth Missouri Eightieth Ohio * ' 2 Wisconsin Light Artillery, Twelfth Battery Total Second Brigade Total Third Division 1 i 4 5 71 5 86 5 128 35 479 32 679 BATTLE OF IUKA. Return of Casualties in the Union Forces — Continued. Command. Killed. Wounded. Captured or Missing. Aggregate. Officers. Enlisted Men. Officers. Enlisted Men. Officers. Enlisted Men. CAVALRY DIVISION. Col. John K. Mizner. Second Iowa 6 6 Third Michigan *. 1 2 3 Total Cavalry Division 1 8 9 UNATTACHED. Illinois Cavalry, Jenks’ Company 1 1 10 Total Cavalry 1 9 106 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 BATTLE OF IUKA. Return op Casualties in the Union Forces — Continued. RECAPITULATION. Officers killed: Lieutenants Lafayette Shaul, Elvin M. Holcomb and Stephen W. Smith, Fifth Iowa; Lieut. George M. Lawreuce, Sixteenth Iowa; Lieut. 0. H. P. Smith, Seventeenth Iowa. Colonel Sanborn’s Report. Headquarters First Brigade, Third Division, Army of the Mississippi, Sept. 21, 1862. Sir: I have the honor to report that, in pursuance of your orders of the seventeenth instant, I moved my command, consisting of Fifth Iowa Infantry, Twenty-sixth Missouri Infantiy, Forty-eighth Indiana Infantry, Fourth Min- nesota Infantry, Sixteenth Iowa Infantry and Eleventh Ohio Battery, at 4 A. M., in an easterly direction, at a point on the Tuscumbia road, one mile west of the junction of the Pontotoc road with the same, without meeting with any opposition. At this point I disposed of my command in order of battle and posted a strong guard on my front and flanks and awaited further orders. In pursuance of your order of 2 A. M. of the nineteenth instant I moved my com- mand in an easterly direction on the Tuscumbia road, preceded by the Third Michigan Cavalry. When I had advanced about three miles I fell upon the enemy’s pickets, who fired briskly at the advanced cavalry and retired across a clearing into a thick growth of timber and brush, and continued their fire as the cavalry advanced so rapidly that it was deemed prudent to have a portion of the cavalry dismount and advance as infantry skirmishers, it being desirable at this time to conceal from the enemy all our force except the cavalry. I advanced in this manner to the point where the road leading from Iuka to Bay Springs crosses the Tuscumbia road and halted, disposing of my command in the best manner possible, in my judgment, to receive an attack from any quarter, and posted guards east, south and north. I had hardly accomplished this when I received your further orders to move forward immediately toward Iuka. I at once drew in my guard, and took up my line of march on the Iuka road, preceded, as before, by cavalry. When I had advanced about two miles the firing of the enemy’s pickets was so rapid and well sustained that, under your orders, I threw out four companies of the Fifth Iowa Infantry as skir- mi-hers. These companies moved forward to their task with great alacrity and 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 107 soon succeeded in driving the enemy’s pickets from a strong position they had selected in a house by the roadside and advanced steadily, driving them for three hours, killing two of them and seriously wounding one at least. At this time (about 4 P. M.) I relieved the companies skirmishing from the Fifth Iowa by four companiesof the Twenty-sixth Missouri Infantry, who went forward with the greatest cheerfulness, and continued to drive in the enemy’s pickets rapidly until they reached a point a little more than a mile from Iuka, where they met the enemy drawn up in line of battle, in strong force (about eighteen thousand infantry, with cavalry and artillery), and drew the fire from nearly his whole line. The enemy almost instantaneously opened his batteries upon us and commenced advancing his line, and rendered the most rapid move- ments and formation necessary to prevent him enveloping my whole command. I immediately caused the Fifth Iowa to file to the right of the road and form in order of battle, with the right wing slightly refused, to prevent it as far as pos- sible from being flanked on that wing before other troops could be brought up. The Eleventh Ohio Battery was brought into position immediately on the left of this regiment, the Forty-eighth Indiana Infantry on its left, with the left wing slightly refused, and the Fourth Minnesota in the prolongation of this line. [This is correct, although neither General Hamilton nor Rosecrans place the Fourth on the left of the Forty-eighth, or in the front line in their reports. — E d.] This line was on the crest of a ridge. These regiments were ordered to hold their positions at all hazards until further orders. The Twenty- sixth Missouri Infantry was formed in order of battle below the crest of the ridge, with its left nearly in rear of the centre of the Fifth Iowa, and its right retiring from the front line, with orders to Colonel Boomer, commanding, to move immediately to the right of the Fifth Iowa, should the enemy make its appearance in that direction, but with discretionary authority to move to the relief of any point the most strongly assailed. The Sixteenth Iowa Infantry was formed in order of battle below the crest of the hill with its right in rear of the left of the Fifth Iowa, and the battery and the three right companies of the Forty-eighth Indiana masking the balance of its front and about twenty yards in advance, this formation being made to support the battery. All these formations and movements were made under a steady fire of can- ister from the enemy’s batteries, and hardly had the disposition of the troops been made when the enemy came forward with his whole force and formed in front of the battery three battalions deep. I immediately ordered the battery to open fire and the infantry to commence firing. The battery fired with great rapidity and with great accuracy of aim, which, in conjunction with the volleys of musketry from the regiments in the front line, threw the enemy into confusion ; and thus in his first attempt to take the battery the enemy was repulsed with heavy loss. The firing of his musketry during this advance was very rapid and quite destructive, and caused the battalion on the left of the battery to waver and the right to fall back. The enemy soon reformed, and with renewed vigor and cheers came on to the assault again and was again repulsed by the well-directed fire of the battery and the volleys and charges made by the Fifth Iowa. The three companies of the Fifth Iowa flanking the battery had by this time become so unmasked by the loss of men that it seemed impossible for the regiment or battery to hold out, and 108 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 Colonel Boomer of the Twenty-sixth Missouri immediately brought up four companies of his command, and formed them in line under the most galling fire on the right of the battery and left of the Fifth Iowa. The firing of the enemy at this time had become so destructive that Colonel Boomer promptly proceeded to bring up the balance of his command with great gallantry and personal bravery, but fell severely wounded before reaching his command and was carried from the field. I had during this time been making the greatest efforts, in conjunction with the general commanding the division, members of the staff and the field officers of the regiment, to bring back the regiment placed upon the left of the battery to its first position. During these efforts Colonel Eddy, commanding the regiment with the greatest valor, fell, severely wounded, and was carried from the field. The fire was so galling it was found impossible to bring this regiment again into this line. Colonel Chambers, commanding the Sixteenth Iowa Infantry, had already fallen and had been carried from the field, and it did not at this time seem prudent to move the second line of battle in rear of the battery. I proceeded to the left flank of the whole line, with a view of drawing in that battalion in support of the battery, but the enemy had then appeared in its front and was engaging it with musketry. There was no alter- native but for the battery, the Fifth Iowa and the four companies of the Twenty-sixth Missouri to fight the battle out with nearly the whole force of the enemy concentrated on that point, and nobly did they do this. The infan- try on the right continued to fire and charge upon the enemy under their gal- lant leader, Colonel Mattliies, until their whole forty rounds of ammunition were exhausted and until it was too dark to distinguish one object from another, and until one-half of all the men that had been taken upon the line upon the right of the battery were killed or wounded. The battery at the same time, under command of the gallant Lieutenant Sears, held out, if possible, with still greater desperation, firing until all the canister shot was exhausted and more than one- half of his men and nearly all his horses had been killed or wounded. After this the enemy came upon the ground where it was stationed, but did not re- move the battery from the field. The position where the remaining companies of the Twenty-sixth Missouri was left had become very much exposed to the enemy’s fire, and the lieutenant colonel, in his discretion and without orders, removed them to an open field to the right of the Fifth Iowa, and then formed them in order of battle, where they remained for the night. The enemy making no further appearance on my left, I withdrew the Fourth Minnesota Infantry from that wing and ordered them to move forward and occupy the ground originally occupied by the bat- tery and the left of the Fifth Iowa. They promptly moved forward to within a few yards of this position, when they received a heavy volley of musketry from one of the regiments of the Second Brigade [the Eightieth Ohio. — E d.]. I am happy to report that, with the single exception of the battalion on the left of the battery, each regiment obeyed every order with alacrity, and held every position assigned them until directed to vacate them; and, in case of the exception above named, I deem it proper to state that the enemy’s fire in that position was so severe that veteran troops even could hardly be expected to hold it. The brigade was in order of battle, soon after the close of the engage- 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 109 ment, ready for action, the following morning. Every regiment conducted itself with coolness and deliberation, and in no case fired except when the enemy appeared in full view, and then with deliberate aim, but were sub- jected to four full volleys from regiments of other brigades of our own troops in the rear. I forward herewith the reports of the commanders of the respective regi- ments of my brigade, containing full lists of casualties of the respective com- mands. The official report of the Eleventh Ohio Battery will be forwarded at an early day, the only officer able to be on duty since the battle having been constantly engaged in refitting his battery for service. I regret that, in an ac- tion occupying a little more than an hour and a half, there were, out of about 2,100 men of my brigade engaged, 584 killed or wounded and 24 missing. It will be a consolation to the friends of all to know that they died or were injured fighting manfully for their country, and in an engagement where the killed and wounded of the enemy were twice the number of our own. All the commanding and field officers of regiments and detachments labored with equal zeal and courage to perform their whole duty. Colonels Matthies and Boomer made most extraordinary efforts and with measurably successful results. The former was more fortunate than the latter, in being able to con- tinue his efforts to the close of the engagement. They both deserve from the country the reward that a grateful people are always ready to confer upon faith- ful servants. Lieut. L. B. Martin, acting assistant adj utant general on my staff, conducted himself with great gallantry, and labored incessantly and success- fully in rallying the men who had left their commands, and bringing them into position to do good execution against the enemy. The line of officers deserving especial mention for gallantry in the field during the action are named and re- ferred to in the reports of the commanders of their respective regiments, which reports are by me approved and confirmed, and to which attention is directed. Respectfully submitted, John B. Sanborn, Colonel Commanding. Capt. R. M. Sawyer, Assistant Adjutant General, Third Division, Army of the Mississippi. CHAPTER V. From Iuka to Corinth — Battle of Corinth — List of Casualties — Personal Incidents. September 20th — Saturday. — Sly says: “ No breakfast. Some of our men bought hard crackers at fifty cents apiece. Formed line without moving very far and then marched to the battlefield. It is a hard looking place. Found my things and went to the regiment. We advanced past the battlefield, and some shells were fired toward town, but not replied to. Marched back to the cross-roads at Barnett’s. Met General Buford returning from leave of absence. Plenty of p.otatoes and pork. Clear. Good roads.” September 21st — Sunday. — Marched back to Jacinto and camped in our old camp — J. C. Davis — at night, very tired and very hungry. Hot and clear. September 22d — Monday. — Move out to the old camp of the Twenty-sixth Missouri, which we find very dirty. Spend the day on police duty, and finally get the place to looking pretty well. Very early each morning we load the wagons and get ready to move. September 26th — Friday. — Companies A and B have to-day been in the service one year from enrollment. A. L. Brown was relieved as clerk in the commissary department of the regiment and assigned to duty as regimental wagonmaster, and Daniel Foster of Company A was assigned to duty as his assistant. We have twenty-two six-mule teams in our regi- mental wagon train, and Citizen Edward G. Covington, who has been our wagonmaster up to this time, has been hired by Capt. Henry S. Clubb, our brigade quartermaster, to take charge of the brigade supply train. September 30th — Tuesday. — Remarks on monthly report made for the month of September, 1862 : “Total enlisted (present and 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. Ill absent), 842; aggregate, 880; aggregate last month, 916; total enlisted present for duty, 494; extra and daily duty, 67; sick, 18; total enlisted present, 579; commissioned officers present for duty, 22; extra and daily duty, 2; sick, 1; total, 25. “Left camp east of Jacinto on the morning of the seventh of September and moved to the ground vacated by the Fifty-ninth Indiana south of Jacinto, bivouacked there, with teams loaded to move at a moment’s notice, until the sixteenth of September. On morning of the sixteenth of September the regiment moved out on the Corinth road north of Jacinto, and on the morning of the seventeenth returned to camp. On the twentieth the regiment marched back to the cross-roads (from Iuka) and halted for the night, and the next day marched to our old camp east of Jacinto. On the twenty-second moved to the old camp of the Twenty-sixth Missouri, where we now are. Lieut. William K. Vickroy of Company B, in charge of intrenching tools since Sept. 24, 1862; Capt. Robert S. Donaldson, sick in camp; James IL Donaldson, on special duty as regimental com- missary of subsistence; Capt. Asa W. White, absent on re- cruiting service since July 18, 1862; Lieut. William F. Wheeler, detached as division quartermaster, Third Division, June 25, 1862; Capt. John PI. Parker of Company I, detailed on recruit- ing service July 13, 1863; L. B. Martin, on General Buford’s staff; A. S. Fiske, sent north to collect winter clothing of regi- ment in St. Louis; M. T. Thomas, discharged from service Aug. 24, 1862, to accept promotion in another regiment. “ E. Le Gro, “ Captain Commanding Regiment. '■'■Dated Sept. 30, 1862.” October 1st — Wednesday . — “ Start for Corinth. It is cold and chilly in the morning but hot and clear in the afternoon. There is some talk of a fight with Price and Van Dorn. The regiment carries its knapsacks for the first time on a march of any distance. It goes pretty tough. I (T. M. Young) am ordered to assist in loading the teams; got behind by so doing, and did not catch up for ten miles. The officers threaten to fine us for getting behind. We arrive at our old camp, four 112 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 miles south of Corinth, at noon.” It is surprising what an amount of weight some persons can carr} 7 . On this day’s march, which was a tough one, I believe that Patrick Fallon of Company B carried fully seventy-five pounds in his knap- sack, haversack, ammunition and gun. October 2d — Tuesday . — Hot and clear. Moved to camp Big Spring, one mile, and about two miles south of Corinth. It is the old rebel camp Churchill Clark. October 2 d — Rosecrans to Hamilton — Prepare your command to move by three o’clock with three days’ rations. Move into the outskirts of town, to the north by upper bridge road. Bivouac your troops; columns closed in mass. Your artillery will accompany you. Take post on Purdy road north of the town. (17, 2, 254.) October 3d — Friday . — George Sly of Company A says: “ Started at daylight. Marched through town ; formed line of battle fronting the north. We kept moving to the left until we came to the Purdy road, when we went out to the old rebel in- trenchments. The rebels attacked our right flank. The regi- ment charged across a field and drove them out of the woods, and the rebel line fell back. The battle stopped for the night. I went into town with the wounded, and they were put into the Tishomingo Hotel. The regiment moved back into the edge of town. Very hot. Water was hauled in wagons to our regiment.” Two wagons hauled water. John II. Thurston of Company C says: “A captain and as- sistant quartermaster and aid, "’ho brought orders to Colonel Sanborn, was struck by a ball while conversing with the colonel, and knocked off his horse and fell into Musician Seibert’s arms. The ball struck a memorandum book in his pocket and thus saved his life.” Our camp equipage and supplies, com- prised of forty wagon loads, moved into the corral camp in Cor- inth to-day. Sergt. Henry R. Loomis of Company F was to-day assigned to carry the national colors. The Battle of Corinth. The village of Corinth occupied the ground in the north- east angle between the Memphis & Charleston and the Mobile 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 113 & Ohio railroads. The Tishomingo Hotel stood south of the Memphis & Charleston and east of the junction. Behind this hotel and east of the Mobile road we had a large frame building filled with supplies for our army. There was a ridge of land in the southwest angle of these roads on which stood a large three-story brick building, which was known to us as the female seminary (Corona College). General Grant caused five re- doubts to be constructed on this elevated ground, which were named in their order, from south to north: Lathrop, Tanna- rath, Phillips, Williams and Robinett. Battery Williams, named for Capt. Geo. A. Williams, who commanded the siege artillery, was built on a knoll near to and south of the Mem- phis & Charleston railroad. Across this road, on another knoll that overlooked Corinth and the country west, stood Battery Robinett, which was manned by Lieutenants Robinett and Cullen and twenty-four men of Company C, First United States Infantry. This fort stood six hundred and seventy-five yards west of the town, and the wagon road to Chewalla, Pocahontas and Bolivar, after leaving Corinth and passing over a corduroy and a small creek, passed on the north side of it and then northwest. Battery Williams contained thirty-pounder Parrotts and Robinett had three twenty-pounder Parrotts, two of which commanded the ground to the west and the other the ground north of the village. East of the Mobile railroad and the Purdy wagon road, north of the village, was another re- doubt, named Battery Powell, and south of the village and the Charleston road another one, named Battery Madison. Some scattering trees stood on Seminary ridge, but those in the northwest angle of the roads had been cut down for about a half mile away, to serve as a thin abatis and give range to the artillery. In front of Fort Powell and three hundred and twenty-five yards distant, a little creek, then dry, meandered across the Purdy road and the railroad, where it joined another branch from the north and ran south half way between Robi- nett and the village. When Price moved his army to Iuka, in compliance with Braggs’ order, for the purpose of following Rosecrans’ army across the Tennessee river and into middle Tennessee, Van 8 114 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 Dorn moved his army up to Davis’ Mill, and, to divert Grant’s attention from Price, marched, on September 20th, to within seven miles of Bolivar, where he was checked b} 7 the Union forces under Brig. Gen. J. G. Laurnan, sent out from Bolivar by Brig. Gen. Hurlbut, who commanded the troops at that point. Price retreated from Iuka to Baldwyn and from thence to Ripley, and Van Dorn moving south these forces effected a junction at Ripley on September 28th and the two generals agreed that with their united army they would try to execute their long cherished scheme of driving the Union forces from west Tennessee. Price, while at Iuka, had captured one of Rosecrans’ engineer officers, who had in his possession a splen- did map. This he gave to Van Dorn and it proved a treasure to these officers in subsequently moving their army. General Van Dorn says in his report (377): We marched the next morning toward Pocahontas, which place we reached October 1st. From all the information I could obtain the following was the situation of the Federal army at that time: Sherman at Memphis with about six thousand men; Hurlbut (afterward Ord) at Bolivar, with about eight thousand; Grant’s headquarters at Jackson, with about three thousand; Rose- crans at Corinth, with about fifteen thousand; together with the following outposts, viz. : Rienzi two thousand five hundred; Burnsville, Jacinto and Iuka, about six thousand; at important bridges and on garrison duty about two thousand or three thousand, making in the aggregate about forty-two thousand in west Tennessee. Memphis, Jackson, Bolivar and Corinth were fortified, the works mounting siege guns; the outposts slightly fortified, having field pieces. Memphis, Bolivar and Corinth are on the arc of a circle, the chord of which from Memphis to Corinth makes an angle with the due east line about fifteen degrees south. Bolivar is about equi-distant from Memphis and Corinth, some- what nearer the latter, and is at the intersection of the Hatchie river and the Mississippi Central & Ohio railroad. Corinth is the strongest hut the most salient point. Surveying the whole field of operations before me calmly and dispassion- ately, the conclusion forced itself irresistibly upon my mind that the taking of Corinth was a condition precedent to the accomplishment of anything of im- portance in west Tennessee. To take Memphis would be to destroy an im- mense amount of property without any adequate military advantage, even ad- mitting that it could be held without heavy guns against the enemy’s gun and mortar boats. The line of fortifications around Bolivar is intersected by the Hatchie river, rendering it impossible to take the place by quick assault, and re enforcements could be thrown in from Jackson by railroad, and situated as it is in the re-entrant angle of the three fortified places, an advance upon it would expose both my flanks and rear to an attack from the forces at Memphis and 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 115 Corinth. It was clear to my mind that if a successful attack could he made upon Corinth from the west and northwest, the forces there driven hack on the Tennessee and cut off, Bolivar and Jackson would easily fall, and then upon the arrival of the exchanged prisoners of war, west Tennessee would soon he in our possession and communication with General Bragg effected through middle Tennessee. The attack upon Corinth was a military necessity, requiring prompt and vigorous action. It was being strengthened daily under that astute sol- dier, General Rosecrans. * * * Field returns at Ripley showed my strength to be about twenty -two thous- and men. Rosecrans at Corinth had about fifteen thousand with about eight thousand additional men at outposts, from twelve to fifteen miles distant. I might surprise and carry the place before these troops could be brought in. I therefore marched toward Pocahontas, threatening Bolivar; then turned suddenly across the Hatchie and Tuscumbia and attacked Corinth without hesi- tation, and did surprise that place before the outpost garrisons were called in. It was necessary that this blow should be sudden and decisive, and if unsuc- cessful that I should withdraw rapidly from the position between the two armies of Ord and Rosecrans. The troops were in fine spirits, and the whole army of west Tennessee seemed eager to emulate the armies of the Potomac and Kentucky. No army ever marched to battle with prouder steps, more hopeful countenances or with more courage than marched the army of west Tennessee out of Ripley on the morning of September 29th, on its way to Corinth. The enemy reached Pocahontas, which is a station on the Memphis & Charleston railroad, on October 1st. The wagon road running from this place to Corinth crossed the Hatchie river at Davis’ bridge, about a mile and a quarter east of Poca- hontas. This bridge had been destroyed, but troops were set to work at once to rebuild it, and on the morning of the sec- ond the army passed over it on its march for Corinth, which was about twenty-two miles distant. It is about five miles from Davis’ bridge to the Tuscumbia river and between these streams the enemy parked the most of his long wagon trains, and left a brigade of cavalry, under command of Gen. Wirt Adams, to guard them, and crossing the Tuscumbia river bivouacked on the night of the second, after driving in the pickets of Rosecrans’ army near Chewalla, about ten miles from Corinth. The Union generals had not been idle, and from deserters coming into our lines and our Union scouts, Grant and Rose- crans were kept pretty Avell informed of ever} 7 move of the enemy. Jackson, Tenn., being at the junction of the railroads 116 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 where the Mississippi Central, leaving the Mobile & Ohio, runs south through Bolivar, Grand Junction, Holly Springs and Jackson, and the other one through Corinth, Hew Rienzi, Booneville, G untown, Meridian and on to Mobile, was regard- ed as the most strategical point for the headquarters of the army and General Grant established them there on September 26th, by General Orders, No. 84. (2, 17, 240.) On October 1st, Grant, from near Corinth, sent the following to Halleck: For several days there has been a movement of the rebels south of my front, which left it in doubt whether Bolivar or Corinth was to be the point of at- tack. It is now clear that Corinth is to be the point, and that from the west and southwest. Price, Van Dorn, Villepique and Rust are together. Rust commands Breckinridge’s forces. * * * My position is precarious, but I hope to get out of it all right. As soon as the enemy began to rebuild Davis’ bridge, the Union scouts reported the fact and all doubts as to their in- tentions were removed. As soon as his cavalry scouts reached Young’s and the two other bridges, two to five miles from Chewalla, a sharp skirmish ensued with the Union forces, who destroyed the bridges. While Grant on the first of October was satisfied that the enemy would attack Corinth, Rosecrans was not, but believed that the enemy intended some other plan, perhaps to move across the two railroads, and by forming his lines north of Corinth try to draw the army out of their works into the open country. On the second he sent this to Grant (17, 2, 254) : What do you think of the plan of my moving with my entire command, save, perhaps, six regiments, and crossing the Hatchie, say near Ruckersville or higher up, as report may show, and push those fellows to the wall ? Colonel Oliver, with some infantry, and aided by the First Minnesota Light Artillery with its twelve-pounder howitzers, guarded the approaches in front of the enemy. His advance on the third pressed them closely, and before reaching Cane creek, which crossed the Bolivar wagon road outside of the old rebel line of intrenchments, an axle of one of the howitzers, which had been shattered at Shiloh and banded, again became 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 117 disabled, and seeing that they could not save it they spiked the gun and dumped it into the creek. This gun was subsequently recovered. After destroying the bridge, Oliver’s troops took a position on the hill north of the railroad, about 8 a. m., and concluded to hold it, although his orders were to fall back. Training his other howitzer on the bridge to prevent the enemy from rebuilding it, his troops began a stubborn resistance. Mc- Arthur, coming up, ordered Oliver to hold his position at all hazards, and he then rode back for re-enforcements (354). Oli- ver had at this time about five hundred men — a James rifled six-pounder had been sent to him to replace the disabled how- itzer — and with this force and some skirmishers on the line, he held the hill for about two hours, when two regiments of Mc- Arthur’s brigade came up to his assistance. These troops drove the enemy back across the railroad and up the opposite hill. The firing then ceased. General McArthur then came up with Baldwin’s brigade of Davis’ division, and under his di- rection formed on the right and left of the line. Baldwin threw out skirmishers, but after advancing only about one hun- dred and fifty yards they returned and reported that lines of battle were formed against them. Oliver finding that the ene- my was advancing in line of battle and that his force was be- ing outflanked and breaking, withdrew from his position. The Rebel Line. Van Dorn says: At daybreak of the third the march was resumed, the precaution having been taken to cut the railroad between Corinth and Jackson, which was done by a squadron of Armstrong’s cavalry. Lovell’s division in front kept the road on the south side of the Memphis & Charleston railroad. Price, after marching on the same road about five miles turned to the left, crossing the railroad, and formed a line of battle in front of the outer line of intrenchments and about three miles from Corinth. Lovell formed line of battle, after some heavy skir- mishing, having to construct a passage across the dry bed of Indian creek [Cane creek, and this was the bridge destroyed by Oliver] for his artillery under fire. The following was the order of battle: The three brigades of Lovell’s division — Rust on the right, Bowen’s in the centre and Villepique on the left, in line, with reserves in rear of each; Jackson’s cavalry brigade on the right en echelon, the left flank of the division on the Charleston railroad; Price’s corps on the left, with the right flank resting on the same road; Maury’s division on the right, with Moore’s and Pfifer’s brigades in line, Cabell’s in reserve; H6- 118 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 bert’s division on the left, with Gates’ and Martiu’s brigades in line, Colbert’s in reserve; Armstrong’s cavalry brigade on the extreme left, somewhat de- tached and out of view. Hubert’s left was masked behind a timbered ridge with orders not to bring it into action until the last moment. This was done in hopes of inducing the enemy to weaken his right byre-enforcing his centre and left— where the attack was first to be made — that his right might be forced. At ten o’clock all skirmishers were driven into the intrenchments and the two armies were in line of battle, confronting each other in force. A belt of fallen timber or abatis, about four hundred yards in width, extended along the whole line of intrenchments. This was to be crossed. The attack was commenced on the right by Lovell’s division and extended gradually to the left, and by half-past one the whole line of outer works was carried . — [Van Dorn's Report.'] The Union Line and Force. General Rosecrans in his October, 1886, Century Magazine article, states: To meet all probable contingencies, nine o’clock on the morning of the third found my troops disposed as follows: Hamilton’s division, about 3,700 strong, on the Purdy road north of the town, to meet any attempt from the north; Davies’ division, 3,204 strong, between the Memphis & Charleston and Mobile & Ohio railways, northwest of the town; McKean’s division, 5,315 strong, to the left of Davies’, and in rear of the old Halleck line of batteries; and Stanley’s division, 3,500 strong, mainly in reserve on the extreme left, looking toward the Kossuth road. Davis had in the morning moved his three brigades, which were commanded by Generals Hackleman, Oglesby and Colo- nel Baldwin, and formed a line of battle in the angle between the railroads, a mile and a half outside of the town, Hackleman being on the right and Baldwin in reserve. He subsequently moved his command to the left and front toward the Mobile road and was there when he sent Baldwin to Oliver. He afterward moved Hackleman and Oglesby out to the old rebel breastworks on Hamilton’s left, leaving quite a gap between his own force and Oliver’s. The enemy, in moving forward, passed in between these forces, causing Davies, after desperate fighting to keep falling back and forming lines to the rear until he had formed his fourth and last line of battle seven hundred and twenty-five yards outside of Robinett. Davies during the day had sent numerous requests to Rosecrans for re- enforcements. It was a long time before the most of Mower’s brigade of Stanley’s division moved forward to his aid, 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 119 and, after fighting furiously four regiments under McArthur on the left, charged on the enemy and drove them back. They, however, again advanced on the left and through the gap between Davies and McKean, and renewed the contest with great fury, and the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Iowa of Crocker’s Iowa brigade of McKean’s division, moving up, after a contest of three-quarters of an hour, drove them back. Hamilton, on the extreme right, took position at daylight north of the town, and at 10:00 a. m. had formed a line on the Purdy road at the old rebel line, of intrenchments, two and one-half miles north of the town, his left connecting with Davies at the railroad. As the enemy pressed Davies’ troops back toward the town Hamilton gradually changed the front of his division. He says: My front was gradually changed to meet the advance of the enemy and so steady and rapid was his progress that in order to present my front to him my position at 5 p. M. was nearly the reverse of that when communication was opened with Davies. The division had swung around on the centre as a pivot. As Davies fell back Hamilton prepared to assault their left flank and directed Sullivan to move his brigade down on the enemy, his left covering the Purdy road, Dillon’s Sixth Wis- consin Battery moved forward on the left of the brigade, the other batteries being placed in reserve. This force — under Colonel Holmes, Tenth Missouri — Sullivan complaining of feeling unwell and retiring from the field — moved forward to the railroad and its skirmishers became warmly engaged with the enemy’s left flank. General Buford was ordered to support this movement of Sullivan’s troops with his brigade, but by an error he led his troops too far to the right. General Buford said in his report, that at 5:00 p. m. of the third instant he deployed three regiments at right angles to the Purdy road, but facing south, to co-operate with the Sec- ond Brigade in finding the enemy, who was supposed to have crossed the railroad and got between us and Corinth. “I deployed the Fourth Minnesota on the right, next the Fifty- ninth Indiana, next the Forty-eighth Indiana into an open field, but it was closed on the south and west with down brush- wood and timber. The deployment was made with Company 120 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 K, Fourth Minnesota, as skirmishers, etc.” This is the time and place where the regiment made the charge and Captain Mooers and one private was killed at this time. The enemy received a terrible scare, believing that their left was being turned, and they made dispositions to meet the threatened danger. It was not deemed proper by Hamilton to advance Sullivan’s troops until Buford’s brigade could be returned to aid them. This movement on the enemy’s left flank caused several of their batteries to open on Hamilton’s force, and their fire was kept up for about half an hour. This movement on the left of the enemy undoubtedly caused them to hesitate in their move- ments against Davies’ and checked their advance upon the town. It was now sundown and the enemy rested on his arms eight hundred yards beyond Robinett, and our forces retired to the inner line of works. After dark, General Hamilton moved his division around to the right to avoid the enemy, who was between us and the town, and about midnight formed his line on the north side of the village, his left resting near Battery Powell. This ended the battle of the third. The Confederates had met with fearful losses, but were highly elated at their success in driving their forces like a wedge almost through the centre of the Union lines. Van Dorn had hoped that one day’s opera- tions would end the contest. He says: “ One hour more of daylight and victory would have soothed our grief for the gallant dead who sleep on that lost but not dishonored field. The army slept on its arms within six hundred yards of Cor- inth, victorious so far.” Night settled over the scene and active preparations were made by both sides for the contest on the morrow. Rosecrans reformed his line, McKean’s division occupying College Hill and defending Fort Williams; Stanley’s defending Robinett, his line extending along the wagon road from Robinett to the town; the Fifth Minnesota occupying the right, in town, with its left resting near the railroad depot; Davies’ line ex- tended to the right of the unfinished redoubt (Powell), while 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 121 Hamilton’s was on its right and faced to the north and north- east. Axes and spades were kept busy during the night, and some slight breastworks were built of logs and other material, covering a part of Davies’ front. Hamilton’s division built no works of any kind for its protection. The most of the night was occupied with these preparations and placing the artillery in position. Yan Dorn and his army plainly heard the rumbling of the wheels and the noise in the Union lines, and while some believed that Rosecrans was evacuating the town, others thought that the troops at the outlying posts were being drawn in. Captain Cummins, acting inspector general (rebel), says in his report (395) : “All night of the third a great rattling of wagons, shouting of teamsters and suppressed murmur of hur- rying hosts denoted great activity, from which some of us sur- mised that the enemy were evacuating.” During the night of the third Fuller’s Ohio brigade took its position to defend the line at Robinett. Captain Brown of the Sixty-third Ohio was on duty, with two companies of this regi- ment, on the Bolivar road. Creeping up cautiously he captured Lieutenant Tobin, who commanded a battery, and his bugler, who were looking for a place to plant their guns. Yan Dorn says: During the night three batteries (Tobin, Sengstak and McNally’s, fourteen guns) were ordered to take position on the ridge overlooking the town from the west, just where the hills dip into the flat extending into the railroad depot, with instructions to open upon the town at 4 :00 A. M. In getting into position one of these guns was driven into the Union line and captured. Yan Dorn’s plan was for Hebert to begin the attack on the left at daylight, moving down both sides of the railroad and the Purdy ridge, the other forces to wait until they were heavily engaged, when they were all to move forward and as- sault the works. The Second Day. At 4:00 a. M. the rebels opened on the town with their artillery. It was still dark and the flash of each piece from the command- 122 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 ing ridge on which they were located, which was higher than College Hill, could be plainly seen. It was a grand sight to behold the long streaks of flame as they darted out in the dark- ness. The most of the shot and shell went high over every- thing and screaminginto thecountry beyond. Some, however, burst among the troops on the hill, injuring a good many of them. Our batteries did not reply at once and we wondered what the matter could he. In a few minutes, however, dawn began to creep over the landscape and Captain Williams opened with his thirty -pounders; Captain Phillips, six hundred yards southwest, nextjomed in with his eight-inch howitzer, which enfiladed the batteries of the enemy. Robinett and several light batteries also united in the music, which silenced the ene- my’s guns within thirty minutes and caused them to withdraw from the field — they being compelled to leave a gun and caisson behind which our forces captured. As soon as possible after the rebels began firing on the town the wounded in the two hotels were moved from them to a hospital on the east side of the village near the corral of the wagon trains. Hebert was sick on the morning of the fourth, and did not report the fact at once. When it was known General Green assumed command of his division, which was still on Price’s left, and it was nine o’clock before the movement began. At this time the Confederate line consisted of the four brigades of Hebert’s division (commanded by Little at Iulca), from left to right; the Second, commanded by Colbert; Fourth, Martin’s and McLain’s; First, Gates’, with the Third, Green’s, com- manded by Moore, in reserve; on its right Maury’s division, three brigades, Pfifer’s and Moore’s, with Cabell’s in reserve. In the advance of these troops, Moore’s attacked Robinett, Lovell’s division being on Maury’s right, south of the Memphis railroad and in front of College Hill, and consisting of three brigades commanded by Rust, Villepique and Bowen. The Thirty-fifth Mississippi Infantry, many of whom were after- ward captured by our regiment at Allatoona, was in Moore’s brigade of Maury’s division. The Federal line of battle from right to left was as follows: Hamilton’s division, with Buford’s brigade on the extreme 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 123 right; then Sullivan’s on its left, and in reserve, next came the three brigades of Davies’ division, Hackleman’s, Oglesby’s and Baldwin’s; then Stanley’s division of two brigades, Fuller’s and Mower’s; then McKean’s division, three brigades, McArthur’s, Oliver’s and Crocker’s. General Hamilton says: From sunrise to 9:00 A. M. there was little firing, but at 10:00 A. M. the enemy having completed all his arrangements, under cover of the woods, his columns moved to the assault. The lines of the two armies converged toward the centre, and while one column of attack moved directly across the open ground against Davies’, two columns, equally strong, crossed the Purdy road a full half mile north of Davies’ and one deploying as it came upon the crest of the ridge, the other moved over the ridge far to the eastward and changing direction to the right deployed under cover of a cloud of skirmishers and came directly down on my front from the north. While this was being done the column moving against Davies had progressed steadily up the slope and into the town, sweeping away his troops and carrying his batteries on the right with the bayonet — had swept over the ridge with resistless force into the valley below. Dillon’s battery of my division, on Davies’ right, was carried in this assault. But here the advance of the rebels was checked by the firm stand of the Tenth Missouri Regiment under Major Horney. Along the ridge and to the eastward on my right, as soon as the enemy came in sight, my reserve batteries, the Twelfth Wisconsin, Eleventh Ohio and Battery M, First Missouri, opened with guns double-shotted with canister and sweeping over the whole front with their storm of iron. The rapid play of these batteries seemed to check the advance of the enemy, and I directed an immediate advance of my whole line of infantry. It was executed at the opportune moment. The regiments opened fire, and advancing with cheers and volleys, their banners streaming to the winds, they moved to the outset. It was too much for even rebel courage. Checked by the storm of canister, they could not stand up against the charge of the veterans who had met and conquered them at Iuka. Halting, wavering, they turned and fell back, pursued by the whole line. Their left was routed, and followed up by the regiments on the left of my line under Sullivan and Holmes they were driven from the valley over the ridge, followed by a line of bayonets and a deadly fire. The batteries were all recaptured, and quick as the hands of brave men could man them, they again poured into the retreating, routed host the death-dealing canister. The tide of assault was thus first stemmed and turned on my extreme right by the splendid charge of Buford’s brigade, spread along my left over the ground from which Davies had been driven through the town, along Stanley’s front and to the enemy’s extreme right. The repulse was complete. The day was saved. The victory which hung in the balance was ours. Davies’ troops gave way along his whole line and the enemy occupied it for a short time. Some of them entered the town and passed through the yard where Rosecrans had his head- 124 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 quarters, several having been killed in Mark Hampton’s door- yard; others came as far as the public square. Davies’ division soon rallied and aided in driving the enemy back and recap- turing their line. The Fifth Minnesota on the left of Davies also aided very materially in accomplishing this result by changing front and pouring a destructive and enfilading fire into his line, charging him through the streets and out over the works. The same rebel battalions were opposing our brigade in this battle which came against it at Iuka. Lieut. H. M. Neil of the Eleventh Ohio Battery sat on his horse during the action, encouraging his men and bidding defiance to the enemy as he approached, daring him to come and capture his battery. Our regiment during the action supported this battery. The Twenty-sixth Missouri was on our right, the Fifth Iowa on our left, and, on its left, the Forty-eighth and Fifty-ninth Indiana, both supporting Batter} 7 M, First Missouri Light Artillery. As soon as Price’s forces became heavily engaged on the left, Lovell’s division moved forward against the troops of McKean on College Hill, intending to storm and carry the works. Bowen says : “ The information given that there were but three guns at this point was erroneous, as I had thus developed at least twenty.” Lovell’s forces were compelled to withdraw and Villepique’s brigade was moved to the left to support Price’s centre as it was being driven from thetown, and Rust’s brigade was also moved to the rear and placed in position on the Oliver hill to protect the rear until the enemy crossed In- dian creek. General Stanley, looking at the field from College Hill, says: “ Should God spare me to see many battles I never expect to see a more grand sight than the battlefield presented at this mo- ment. The enemy had commenced falling back from the town and batteries before our advancing infantry. The roll of mus- ketry and the flash of artillery was incessant as the enemy tried in vain to form line under fire. As the smoke cleared up I can safely say I could see every fighting man on the field. But we were not long left spectators of the fight. Our shirmishers were driven in and soon a line of battle of a brigade crowned the 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 125 ridge opposite us and commenced to pour a destructive mus- ketry tire upon * * * the troops at Robinett.” This redoubt was supported by Fuller’s Ohio brigade, the Forty-third oc- cupying the intrenchment running from the fort to the rail- road and just long enough for a regimental front, the Sixty- third, Twenty-seventh and Thirty-ninth extending along the wagon road toward the town, the Eleventh Missouri being held in reserve. During the time that the enemy was being repulsed from the town a heavy body of troops emerged from the timber and approached Robinett. They marched steadily forward in quick time; the sun shining on their gun barrels made them look as if they were being carried ataright-shoulder-shift; their flags are unfurled. Robinett fires at them with his Parrotts, but the infantry lie down in line along the road until the rebels are within fifty feet of them, when they deliver their fire andthe enemy turn and fly in great confusion back into the woods, which are dense and hide all movements effectually from our sight. In a few minutes they are reformed, strongly re-enforced, and Col. W. P. Rogers of the Second Texas, taking a flag in his hand, leads them again to the assault. The action is short, sharp and desperate. The ditch at Robinett was five feet deep. Colonel Rogers was killed just outside of it. Some of the enemy jump into it, scale the parapet and open fire on the rear of the Forty-third. The Sixty-third Ohio fight gallantty but cannot contend alone with the superior force, and Colonel Sprague withdrew the left and centre. The gunners seize their muskets and try to repel the enemy, but finding they cannot do it, retire to an angle of the fort, as previously instructed, when Captain Williams, who knows just how many feet it is from his guns, bursts a shell on top of the fort and another near its right edge. In the mean- time the Forty-third Ohio and Eleventh Missouri changed front and stormed up to the right and left of Robinett, and with the aid of the Sixty-third and Twenty-seventh Ohio drove the ene- my from the fort and back into the woods. This ended the battle of Corinth. Col. Jos. L. Kirby Smith of the Forty- third Ohio during this assault was mortally wounded and the loss in the brigade was heavy. Thirteen out of the twenty-six men in the fort, including Lieutenant Robinett, are wounded. 126 HISTOKY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 The enemy immediately began his flight from the field. East’s brigade covered the rear as far as Chewalla. Captain Cummins says (395): Oar lines melted under tlieir lire like snow in thaw. We fell back that night nine miles. Ourdivisiou did not number eight hundred men. When we got into Corinth he swallowed up seven brigades of as good fighting men as I ever saw in about twenty minutes. Brig Gen. Jas. B. McPherson was Grant’s superintendent of railroads. General Grant sent him on the fourth with a provisional brigade to Corinth to aid Rosecrans. Finding the railroad track torn up and the enemy across it, he left the cars fifteen miles north of Corinth and taking the wagon road on the east side of the railroad, marched into the town, arriving at 4:00 p. m. LOSSES. The losses as reported in the war records were, in Rosecrans’ report, 355 killed, 1,841 wounded, 324 captured or missing; and in Van Dorn’s report, 505 killed, 2,150 wounded, 2,183 missing. Rosecrans stated in his report: The enemy’s loss in killed was 1,423 officers and men. Their loss in wounded, taking the general average, amounts to 5,692. We took 2,268 prison- ers, among whom are 137 field officers, captains and subalterns. We also took fourteen stand of colors, two pieces of artillery, 3,300 stand of small arms. In a book published by the Pension Office of losses in battles during the war, Van Dorn’s loss is reported as, killed, 2,017; wounded, 7,854; missing, 4,350. LIST OF KILLED AND WOUNDED OF THE FOURTH MINNESOTA INFANTRY, AT THE BATTLE OF CORINTH, MISS., OCT. 3 AND 4, 1862. ENLISTED MEN. Name. Rank. Co. Remarks. Commissioned 0 flic er s Killed — Robert P. Mooers Commissioned Officers Captain. K Killed on third, while commanding on skirmish line. Wounded — , Janies VV. Crawford 1st. Lieut E Wounded in head. Enlisted Men. Frank Wilson Private. D Killed ; mortally wounded; died on the fourth. Osmand Osmandson Private. A Wounded. Michael Riley Private. F Wounded. William Schalefoo Sergt. G Severely. August, Loch Private. G Wounded in ankle. Omar D. Clark Corporal. H In arm or shoulder; slight. Colm Buchanan Private. H In thigh. John Magnus Private. H In arm. Charles O. Healy Private. I In hand. Augustus F. Hagerman.... Private. K Injured by a horse. 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 127 The foregoing list we obtained from the St. Paul papers. We have been informed recently that the following persons were injured: Geo. W. Bishop, Company K, was wounded in the knee on the third; G. S. Patch, first lieutenant of Com- pany H, was sunstruck on the third, as was also W. T. Kittredge, sergeant major; E. U. Russell, Company A, in- jured in left side; C. Bromwich, Company F, was sunstruck on the third. Maj. W. T. Kittredge, under date of May 24, 1888, writes us as follows of Lieut. J. W. Crawford’s wound: “I took care of him day and night from October 4th, until he was carried to the hospital, and I know that he was badly hurt. Long after the war I read an account, printed, I think, in a surgical journal, of the successful operation performed by Dr, Agnew (just deceased), who, after two trials, extracted an ounce ball from the orbit, one side and back of the eye-ball. Report pronounced it one of the strangest cases in all the records of the war.” And Lieutenant Crawford, in a letter of March 26, 1888, states that an ounce ball was removed within five months after the battle. General Sanborn writes: At about four o’clock in the afternoon, when the command was out about three miles on the Purdy road, and the enemy’s lines of skirmishers ap- peared in front, Gen. C. S. Hamilton, in confidence, informed the writer that he saw no way of saving the position at Corinth; that the enemy’s centre was near the town and our depots; that his lines extended across the road by which we marched out to our position — which, in fact, was our rear — and that he supposed that the army would retreat during the night and would try and cross the Tennessee at Pittsburgh Landing and try and effect a junction with Buell’s army in northern Tennessee or Kentucky, and that in that event my force must act as rear guard and fight and hold the enemy as long as possible at all available points. This was a thunderbolt. I had formed no idea of the seriousness of the situation. I went into action feeling that all was lost ex- cept the army, and that we must fight with desperation to save that. The attack made by my regiment upon the enemy’s left and rear was successful. It checked his advance. It caused delay, and necessitated the formation of a new line of battle on his part. It was almost dark when I returned to the place where the doleful condition had been communicated to me, to report to Ham- ilton for further orders. Rosecrans was there, and the generals were engaged in the most earnest conversation. “This movement has worked splendidly,” said Rosecrans to Hamilton, “and I think you had better move right forward 128 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 in the same line to-morrow morning.” Hamilton responded: “ Rosecrans, it will never do. Our whole line must be reformed during the night. Each division must he so formed that it will support and command the front of the other, and each battery must be so placed that it will support and command the front of every other battery, or we shall be all torn to pieces before nine o’clock to-morrow.” Rosecrans looked steadily and thoughtfully down upon the pommel of his saddle for a few minutes, and said: “Hamilton, I believe you are right. Bring in your command, and we will reform during the night.” Hamilton at once said to me: “Withdraw your command as quietly as pos- sible and march to Corinth by the Farmington road, and bring in all the wounded and all the public property.” The command reached Corinth at midnight, and no man ever appreciated more highly the whisky and sleep found in that bivouac. The result of the attack of the enemy next day showed the wisdom of this movement. The history of the war does not record a more gallant attack and assault than that made by the enemy on the following morn- ing or a more decisive and disastrous repulse. Hamilton’s Advice Saves the Army. It was a well-known fact to nearly all of the officers and a great many of the rank and file of General Hamilton’s division at Corinth, that his advice to General Rosecrans on the night of the third saved us the day at Corinth. General Sanborn has furnished us with the following letter from General Ham- ilton, written to him under date of Sept. 13, 1880: Referring to the battle of Corinth, the disposition of the troops at the close of the first day was so fatal, or would have been for the second day, that I re- member the statement made you. Long after dark of the first day’s fight I received an order from Rosecrans by his chief of staff, Ducat, to place all of my guns in position and play toward the enemy from ten to twelve in the night and then to charge him with the bayonet at midnight. I sent word back at once that I would not execute the order until I had a personal conference with Rosecrans and could explain to him the fatal results of its execution. That brought him to me about 9:00 p. M. and his first question was, “ What do you mean by disobeying my order?” I replied, “General, I am ready to execute that order or any other, but for your sake, and the sake of this army and the country, I have declined to do it until I could see you and explain what must certainly follow. I then showed him that our movement on the enemy’s flank in the afternoon had simply checked his movement toward the town; that Davies’ divi- sion had been badly whipped, and there was nothing then between the enemy and the town; that he would move on the town at daylight and his (Rosecrans’) army would be cut in two and overwhelmed in detail; that as the troops then were placed I could support nobody, and no division could afford prompt sup- port to any other; that the midnight movement on the enemy wth the bayonet must be through a dense forest — the lines would be broken up and so disordered that they would be useless at daylight; that his only salvation was to bring all his 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 129 troops together around the town and so place them that one could support any other; that the right should rest where we afterward put it and the left should be put in the earth works to the west of the town, and that one division should be held in reserve to succor any point. He saw it, and thank God for it! his acting on my advice saved us all, and saved the valley of the Mississippi to the Ohio; for if we had lost that battle there were no troops left to stop the enemy from the Ohio. * * * I am, truly yours, • C. S. Hamilton. Personal Incidents. The duties of Commissary Sergt. Thomas P. Wilson and Quartermaster Sergt. Francis E. Collins did not require them to go into the battle unless they chose to do so, but both ot them acted as volunteer aids to Colonel Sanborn during both days of the fight. When the colonel saw that Captain Mooers had been shot, he sent Sergeant Wilson with instructions to the next officer in command of the skirmishers, and also directed him to see that the bodj^ of Captain Mooers was recovered. Wilson in executing his orders, rode fully eighty rods on the crest of a hill, exposed to the fire of the entire rebel skirmish line. Both Wilson and Collins performed gallant service dur- ing both days. On the first day of the battle A. L. Brown, the wagonmas- ter, sent two teams to haul water to the regiment for the use of the men. Capt. R. S. Donaldson of Company C had been granted a furlough, had started, and was stopping at the Tishomingo Hotel awaiting a train of cars. He informs us that a casket was procured at Corinth for the remains of Captain Mooers, and he believes that they were subsequently removed by his relatives to the North. Maj. L. L. Baxter states that he had resigned previous to the battle. General Sanborn corroborates this statement, and says that at that time Baxter was out of the service. At this time our regimental train consisted of twenty-two six- mule teams, and Daniel Foster was the assistant wagoumaster. Mr. Foster had been quite severely injured while we were at Jacinto, by having been kicked by a mule, and for this reason the wagonmaster placed him in charge of the two ammunition 9 130 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 wagons of the regiment on the field, while he superintended the removal of the forty-six wagon loads of camp equipage and supplies into the corral at Corinth. On the night of the third Foster was sent into the city for supplies, and on his return General Smith sent a barrel of whisky out by him to the regi- ment, and after it had moved to the inner line, about midnight, all of the men who desired it received a liberal supply. During the morning of the fourth the wagonmaster was di- rected to proceed to the commissary building, in the rear of the Tishomingo Hotel, with three or four teams, and load them with hard bread, salt, coffee, and other rations, so that in case of disaster in the battle we would have something to eat while on the retreat. We proceeded there with the teams, but found no person in charge of the building or its supplies. While help- ing ourselves, or just getting ready to do so, we observed the preparations at Robinett, which was plainly in sight, for the reception of the enemy; saw the Ohio regiments of Fuller’s brigade lying along the road between the redoubt and us, await- ing the approach of the rebels; saw the enemy marching steadily from the woods, Robinett firing at them as they ad- vanced, but not a shot was fired by the infantry on either side. They approach nearer and nearer, the glint on the gun-barrels showing us plainly that they are carried at a right-shoulder shift, until from our position it appeared as if they were at the fort and planting their flag upon its parapet. We were highly incensed because the infantry had not fired and driven them back. But, look! our regiments of infantry rose as one man and poured a volley into the rebels at short range, which at once sent them flying in the greatest of disorder back to the Avoods. It was a glorious sight. But fearing that the day might be disastrous to us and for the purpose of receiving orders for the movement of our large train we left the teams in charge ot Mr. Harvey Fletcher, who was driving one of them, and started through the town on our horse to visit the regiment and re- ceive orders. After crossing the public square we met large numbers of the infantry of Davies’ division who had broken and were retreating before the enemy. A few scattering cav- alrymen were heading them off and trying to persuade or drive 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 131 them back to the front. Finding it impossible to get to the regiment without making too long a detour we concluded to return to the teams we had just left, and soon met them com- ing toward us. Mr. Fletcher greeted us with: “Brown! we just saw the most desperate fight up at that fort that you ever saw or heard of. The rebels returned just after you left, and it was a hand-to-hand struggle. While it was progressing our teams got frightened and all of our efforts could not stop them. They ran over all of those empty barrels in the rear of the Tishomingo Hotel.” About an eighth of an acre of ground was covered with them. We stopped the train, returned and got the supplies, returned to the corral with the teams, and then visited the regiment and the battlefield. Colonel Sanborn’s Report. Headquarters Fourth Minnesota Volunteers, Camp, near Corinth, Miss., Oct. 12, 1862. Sir: I have the honor to report that I moved my command, in connection with the other regiments comprising the First Brigade, from this camp to a posi- tion on the north side of Corinth on the morning of the third instant at 4:00 A. M., and there formed in order of battle on the right of the brigade and the Third Division. Company K was deployed as skirmishers, which took them to a point outside of the defenses of the town. At 10:00 A. M. the skirmishers were drawn in by order and the regiment was marched about two miles and formed in order of battle behind the rifle-pits constructed by the Confederate army last spring, still fronting toward the north and still holding the right of the brigade and division, which brought my regiment about one-third of a mile to the right of the Purdy road. This position was held until 4:00 P. M. with- out opposition. At that hour I moved my command, as ordered, about one- third of a mile to the west of where its left rested in its last position, and formed them in order of battle at right angles with my former position. There I remained about one-half hour, the Twenty sixth Missouri at this time having formed on my right and at right angles with my line by your order across the field in my front, toward a heavy growth of timber, where our skirmishers had encountered the enemy in some force. Company K was again deployed for- ward as skirmishers, and had advanced but a short distance in a westerly direction before they drew a very heavy musketry fire from the enemy con- cealed in the timber. In the meantime I had wheeled my battalion to the left, so that I was fronting to the southwest. At this time the fire of the enemy was brisk and enfiladed nearly my whole line. At this moment Captain Mooers of Company K, commanding the skirmish- ers and about one hundred yards iu advance of my right, beckoned to me with 132 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 his sword, as if he desired to communicate important information, and I started toward him on a gallop, but had rode but a few steps when I saw him fall dead, shot through the head. From the course of the balls and the position which the enemy seemed to occupy, I interpreted the information that Captain Mooers desired to give to be, that the enemy was moving to my rear by my right, my command at this time holding the right of the infantry of the whole army. These impressions were immediately communicated to the general com- manding the brigade, and I received orders to dislodge the enemy from the woods on my right. I at once changed the front of my battalion to the rear on the tenth company. This was done under a heavy fire of musketry, in double- quick time, but with as much coolness and precision as if on ordinary battalion drill. This movement completed, I ordered the regiment forward at quick time until within about one hundred and fifty paces of the enemy’s line ot battle at this point, when his fire was increased to a perfect shower of balls, and I gave the further command, “Forward one hundred and fifty paces. Double- quick!” This was executed in the most gallant and splendid manner. The regiment, in perfect line, with triumphant shouts, rushed forward against a most murderous fire, and when within fifty yards of the enemy’s line he fled to the rear with the greatest precipitancy, receiving two or three full volleys from my regiment as he retired. Immediately after this was accomplished I received your order to fall back and join Colonel Alexander (Fifty-ninth Indiana) on his right, which order was at once obeyed, and skirmishers thrown forward one hundred paces to the front and around my right flank. It was now night; the men were exhausted, and, obedient to orders, I moved to the first position held in the morning and bivouacked there at 11:00 p. m. During the day my loss was one commissioned officer and one private killed, and four men wounded. The heat, during the engagement of my command, was most intense, said to be 108 degrees in the shade, and more men were carried off the field on litters from the effects of sunstroke than from wounds. Ammunition was dis- tributed to the men, so that each had seventy-five rounds between eleven and one o’clock at night, and at one-thirty I received your order to move my com- mand to the right across the Pittsburgh and Hamburgh road aud about one hun- dred yards to the rear, which was done at once, and the regiment stood to arms, fronting the north, for the remaining portion of the night. My command re- mained in this position until half-past ten the following morning, when I re- ceived your order to move by the left flank into position on the ridge at my left, in support of the Eleventh Ohio Battery. This order was at once executed and my front changed to the west. I formed my regiment about fifty feet in rear of this battery, which masked the six centre companies. These six companies were ordered by me to fix bayonets and charge the enemy when- ever he should charge upon the battery. Two companies on the right and two on the left were moved forward to the line of the guns of the battery, with in- structions to engage the enemy with musketry whenever be might appear and meet him with the bayonet in case of charge. The enemy retired from the ground covered by the battery and from the front of my regiment in about forty minutes after firing was commenced. I maintained the same relative position to the battery in its movements upon the field to get in rear of the enemy, until your orders came to occupy again the ground left when I went in- 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 133 to action. I at once reoccupied, that position, where I remained until the morning of the fifth instant, at four o’clock, when the pursuit commenced. In the engagement of the fourth (second day) I lost one commissioned officer and five privates wounded. Of the pursuit it is enough to report that it was commenced on Sunday morning, the fifth instant, and continued without cessation or delay, except such as was absolutely necessary to rest the men temporarily, until the follow- ing Saturday night, the troops having marched during that time about one hundred and twenty miles. I cannot speak too highly of the patient endurance and valor of my com- mand. During a period of nine days of the most heated and most uncomforta- ble weather, my regiment marched one hundred and thirty miles, and during two days and two nights of that time was engaged in one of the most extensive and desperate battles of the war. The conduct of all officers was satisfactory. Captains Tourtellotte and Edson conducted themselves with most extraordi- nary coolness and determination. My commissioned staff, First Lieut. Thomas B. Hunt, regimental quartermaster, and First Lieut. John M. Thompson, adjutant, behaved with coolness and judgment, and in the absence of other field officers rendered me efficient service in repeating commands and communi- cating orders. Quartermaster Sergt. Frank E. Collins, for distinguished valor and service on the field, in aiding me in every movement and bringing prison- ers from the field near the close of the engagement, deserves especial mention. Commissary Sergt. Thomas P. Wilson remained under fire all the time, direct- ing litter carriers to the wounded and furnishing water to the famishing sol- diers, as well as in repeating my commands when near the line. Sergt. Maj. William T. Kittredge was among the coolest men on the field and most efficient until he was overcome by sunstroke. The surgeon, Dr. J. H. Murphy, and the second assistant surgeon, Dr. H. R. Wedel, conducted their department with perfect order and method, and every wound was dressed in a few moments after it was received and the wounded cared for in the most tender manner. I have the honor, etc. John B. Sanbobn, Colonel Commanding Fourth Minnesota Volunteer Infantry. Capt. J. P. Foley , Assistant Adjutant General First Brigade , Third Division. The Pursuit. Early on the morning of the fifth, McPherson, with his bri- gade of fresh troops, consisting of parts of Lawler’s and Steven- son’s, supported by the First Missouri Battery, four companies of the Fifth Ohio Cavalry and followed by Stanley’s and Davies’ divisions, followed the enemy on the road to Chewalla that runs north of the railroad, while McKean, followed bj 7 Hamilton and the rest of the pursuing army, took the route on the south side of the railroad. This was the road on which the enemy had ap- proached, and also the one mainly used by them in the retreat. 134 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 When six miles from Chewalla he heard heavy tiring in the direction of Davis bridge (Hurlbut’s troops). On reaching Che- walla he overtook the rear of the enemy, consisting of three brigades of infantry and a battery of artillery. Colonel Law- ler’s brigade at once attacked them while the bridge was being repaired, and Col. J. D. Stevenson’s brigade at the same time moving on their left flank, they retreated. Another engage- ment was had between these forces at Big Hill, on the east side of the Tuscumbia, McPherson’s troops driving the enemy, who fled. It was now night and the troops rested. On the morn- ing of the sixth McPherson found the bridge at the Tuscum- bia destroyed. This was repaired and in three-quarters of an hour the pursuit continued. After crossing the Tuscumbia and from there to the Hatchie at Crum’s Mill, the evidences of a most rapid retreat — almost a route — were apparent. The road was strewn with tents, blankets, clothing, wagons, small arms, am- munition, six caissons and a battery forge, some of them blown up and partially destroyed, and others in good condition. — [McPherson's Report .] CHAPTER VI. Pursuing the Enemy — The Hatchie Battle — To Bone Yard and South — Return to Corinth — Formation Department of Tennessee — Poem on Death of Captain Mooers — New Commanders — March from Corinth — Strict Order — Five Roll Calls a Day — Davis’ Mill; Hogs and Sheep — Grand Review — First Horsestealing Expedition; Visit Gideon — To La Grange and Moscow — Rebels Borrow Eleven Six-Mule Teams — Six Companies on a Scout — Colored Gentleman Borrows Chaplain’s Horse — To Holly Springs; Oxford; Yockna — The Seventy-Second Illinois Supplies Us With Clothing. October 5th — Sunday morning. — We are awakened early, and after some delay start in pursuit of the retreating enemy. We follow McKean’s division. He has a long wagon train, which delayed the whole command. Price has a clean pair of heels, as we found, to our sorrow, while on the Ripley march. Thurston says: “We soon see sickening sights. Some of our men slain on the third had been stripped of their clothing by the enemy and lay festering in the sun, completely black- ened by the decomposition. In some instances our wounded men had lain two days with the dead piled on them in such a manner that they were unable to move, suffering by day with heat, at night with cold; also, by hunger, thirst and the intol- erable stench from the field. One poor fellow was killed as he was skirmishing, his position being such that he remained in it without change when shot. He was on his knees, leaning forward against a tree, and was just looking to one side to get a shot when the fatal bullet struck him. His position was so natural that it was hard to realize that he was dead.” The roads are good. Weather hot and clear. Ho water, except what we haul with us in our wagons. We could hear Hurl- but’s cannon to the west (in the battle of the Hatchie). We marched about eight miles and bivouacked at dark. For five miles from Corinth the road was strewn with war material of all kinds, such as soldiers could throw away. Our wagon train did not get up until long after dark, and while riding 136 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 after dark at the head of the train, we suddenly found we were in a small bivouac of soldiers. The campfires were burning and men running around. About the time we made this discovery and supposed we had struck our camp two men seized the bridle rein of our horse and said: “You are our prisoner, sir!” We saw that we had led our train into a Con- federate camp. The train stopped as soon as we did. As quick as thought we concluded we had missed the road in the dark and were in the enemy’s camp, and just as quick we drew a navy revolver. Before any harm was done, however, our captors burst out laughing. They were a detail of the enemy under a flag of truce going back to bury their dead. It was a detail under Col. W. S. Barry, of two hundred men of the Thirty-fifth Mississippi and other infantry regiments, the same regiment afterwards captured by our men at Allatoona, Ga., Oct. 5, 1864. (17, 1, 345 and 400.) McArthur says: Seven miles from Corinth I was met by a party of two hundred of the enemy, bearing a flag of truce, under Colonel Barry, Thirty-fifth Mississippi, which detained me for three hours; long enough as it afterward proved to allow three brigades of the enemy (Rust’s, Bowen’s and Villepique’s), who had camped on the road I was following, time to get out of the way, as I reached their camp three hours after they had left. The Battle with Hurlbut’s Troops. On October 3d Grant ordered Hurlbut to move with his command from Bolivar to the relief of Rosecrans at Corinth. The distance by way of Davis’ bridge was forty-six miles. Hurlbut says (17,1,308): “ My orders were to reach Rose- crans at all hazards or perish.” He moved from Bolivar at 3:00 A. m. of the fourth with his division (the Fourth), consist- ing of the brigades of Generals Lauman and Veatch and the batteries of Bolton, Burnap, Mann and Spear, supplied with three days’ rations. On that night they camped at the stream called Big Muddy, twenty-three miles from Bolivar and about four west of the Hatchie bridge. About 8:00 A. M. of the fifth Maj. Gen. E. O. C. Ord arrived and assumed command, and in an hour his force advanced and when two miles west of the Davis bridge met the advance of Price’s army, consisting 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 137 of Moore’s brigade of Maury’s division and the St. Louis Bat- ter} 7 . These troops after a sharp skirmish gave way and were soon driven across the Hatchie, our forces capturing the four howitzers. There is a commanding ridge on the west side of the river and a cluster of houses called the village of Matamora. This was occupied by Ord’s forces and the remnant of Moore’s brigade, re-enforced by those of Cabell and Pfifer and the bat- teries of McNally, Hogg, Landis and Tobin, occupied the heights on the opposite side of the stream. The Thirty-fifth Mississippi being in Moore’s brigade and on the west side, was either captured or dispersed (except the detail with Colonel Barry consisting of a part of this and other regiments sent to bury the dead, and we find that on October 13th, when General Moore made his report, only forty of this regiment were pres- ent for duty.) Green’s division came up, formed in line, and aided those already there. Ord’s troops charged across the bridge, and after some confusion and delay, Ord being wounded about this time, Hurlbut assumed command, and under his direction the troops charged up the hill and drove the enemy from his strong position and about 3:30 p. m. the battle ended. Hurlbut reported his loss in killed, wounded and missing at five hundred and seventy. About half way between the Tuscumbia and Hatchie a wagon road goes south to Crum’s Mill and Bone Yard. Captain Cummins says: Next morning we fell back, intending to retreat by the same route by which we had approached, but found the Hatchie river disputed by Hurlbut’s corps, which had marched across from Bolivar and reached Pocahontas before us. Moore’s and Pfifer’s remnants of brigades crossed, were again gobbled up and we lost one battery. We gave up the attempt to cross, fell back again and marched by another route to the south. * * * The enemy did not pursue with any great vigor. * * * Bowen lost part of his train. We brought off two captured guns and lost five, and brought along three hundred prisoners, (v. 17, 1, 396.) Van Dorn’s army crossed the Hatchie six miles up the river (south) from Davis’ bridge at Crum’s Mill, and moved to Rip- ley and on south from there. McPherson’s troops reached Crum’s at noon on the sixth and found the bridge and mill on fire. He was only half an hour behind the rebels. His troops 13S HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 began to rebuild the bridge at once. It was completed and ready for the artillery to cross by 4:30 p. m. (368). At 6:30 P. M. Rosecrans sa}-s (163), from Crum’s Mill: “Bridge built. Part of the troops across. Hamilton four miles off.” October 6th — Monday . — We started early this morning, but after traveling about two miles bivouacked at a creek (Cy- press creek, doubtless), where we remained the balance of the forenoon. About 10:00 a. m. some of our cavalry came from the front and gave us the particulars of General Hurlbut’s victory at Davis’ bridge on theHatchie,a few miles from where we are and where Van Dorn attempted to cross the river in his retreat. Our cavalry had two flags with them which they had captured from the enemy. This caused great rejoicing. General Rosecrans soon rode up and told us that he in- intended to make “A long pull, a strong pull!” and that “We will pull altogether!” “We are after them ! ” “Prepare for Mobile!” General C. S. Hamilton, our division commander, also came and spoke encouragingly to the men, telling them to prepare for some long marches into the heart of the enemy’s countrv. We got dinner here and after traveling a few miles crossed the Tuscumbia river at Young’s bridge. As soon as we crossed this stream we began to see evidences of the flight of the enemy in abandoned wagons tipped over by the road- side, some of which had rolled over several times down the side of the hill, tents, guns, cast-iron baking ovens, and as we pro- ceeded the abandoned camp equipage became thicker and thicker, and for miles the road was strewn with their baggage. We marched to within three miles of the Hatchie, where the battle with Hurlbut’s troops occurred, and bivouacked about 9:00 P. M. at Gum Spring, four miles from a small town called Bone Yard, and about seven miles from Kossuth, having marched about fifteen miles. After crossing the Tuscumbia at Young’s bridge and taking the Bone Yard road, Ham lton’s division kept on the south side of the Hatchie to Rienzi. But the rest of the pursuing army all crossed at Crum’s Mill and followed the enemy, passing through Jonesborough and Ruekersville to just below Ripley, arriving there on the seventh and eighth. McPherson started on his return on Friday night, the tenth. 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 139 October 7th — Tuesday. — Distant cannonading occasionally to the left. We march southeast in the direction of Rienzi. Pass through Bone Yard (an appropriate name for this whole region). Stragglers from our regiment are numerous. Some person set fire to a large two-story yellow house on the left-hand side of the road. It was a vacant building, on the walls of which some person had drawn pictures, one of Jeff. Davis. A cotton gin was also burned and a quantity of cotton destroyed at the same time. Marched twenty-four miles and got to Rienzi at 9:00 p. m. Hot and clear. Hamilton’s report states: The division marched at dawn of day. When three miles beyond Kossuth a brisk cannonade, accompanied with musketry firing, was heard in the direc- tion of Rienzi. Learning that Rienzi had been occupied on the fifth by two regiments of rebel troops and knowing that the supplies for the army were to be sent there by rail * * * I deemed it my duty to proceed to Rienzi and to clear that point. Rienzi was reached after nightfall, the division having marched twenty-three miles over dusty roads and with but a single well of water on the whole route. The day was exceedingly hot and the suffering of the men extreme. At least six hundred of the command gave out by the wayside during the last eight miles of the march. They, however, regained the column during the night and the following morning. No sup- plies had reached the place, but at 5:00 A. M. a train of cars arrived and two regiments were forthwith supplied with rations, and moved at an early hour to the Hatchie river under Colonel Matthies. The whole command, together with two regiments arrived from Corinth, followed during the day. October 8th — Wednesday. — Young says: “I am ordered to Corinth with a dispatch. Start early. Find the Tuscumbia bridge burning. I am careful not to show myself, but ride up the river to a ford a mile and a half from the road and cross. Find that the road is held by a band of guerrillas. I ride very carefully and as fast as I can, making the trip to Corinth in two hours and five minutes, about twenty miles by the way I came.” Marched at noon on the Ripley road twelve miles west to the Hatchie river. Crossed and camped. Hot and clear. Plenty of potatoes and pork. October 9th — Thursday. — Maj or Baxter has resigned. Young says: “I find Lieutenant Johnson and I. N. Dean both very sick. Johnson thinks he will not get better here.” To-day was spent here at the Hatchie, and the bridges across it, which had been destroyed by the rebels, were rebuilt. 140 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 During the tenth the division returned under orders to Rienzi and during the night rebuilt the bridge over the Tuscumbia near Danville; and on the eleventh reached its old camp near Bridge creek, two and one-half miles from Corinth. — [Hamilton 1 s Report .] October 11th — Saturday. — Marched to Camp Big Spring (rebel Churchill Clark). Rain and mud. Cold. A nor’- wester. October 12th — Sunday . — Sly says : “Just before inspection this Sunday morning a musket was accidentally discharged and killed Corp. Thomas Smail of Company A while sitting in Captain Young’s tent and slightly wounded E. U. Russell.” Young says; “Go to Camp Churchill Clark (rebel) and find the regi- ment. Thomas Smail is killed a little after noon by the acci- dental discharge of a rifle in the hands of a member of Com- pany D. The shot narrowly missed Captains Tourtellotte, Platt and Young and cut a lock of hair from Lieutenant Drys- dale’s head and then killed Smail. It then struck a pile of dishes on father’s table and the pieces of lead and dishes struck Lieutenant Russell and myself.” Captain Tourtellotte of Company II was to-day elected by the officers as the lieu- tenant colonel of the regiment. October 13th — Monday. — [“To-day we buried Smail and I cut his name and regiment in an oak tree near the grave, so that his body can he found by his relatives if they desire. More marching orders. Move to Corinth and out to near Beaure- gard’s old headquarters. Get orders to police camp, as we are likely to remain three weeks, if not longer. The First Minne- sota Battery hoys built a fire over an unexploded shell, which makes its presence known about 10:00 p. m., causing a great scare. Everyone thinks it is the enemy, and it is some time before we find out that there is no cause for alarm. JSTo one hurt.” — Young.] We are now on the Farmington road and inside of the old rebel breastworks. Very poor water, and it has to be hauled on wagons. Built huts. Very cold weather. Some snow. We remain here until November 2d. De- tails were made from the regiment and worked on the fortifi- cations that surround the female seminary (Corona College), up on the hill to the south of Robinett. Commissioners from Minnesota visited the regiment and took the vote. The men 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 141 in the different companies were frequently drawn up in line and whisky and quinine passed around. Our foraging details go south through Danville and to the neighborhood of the Buford plantation. We dig our own sweet potatoes, — drive into the field and dig all the potatoes. October IStli to November 2d. — Lieut. B. F. Butler of Company D resigned, and so did Lieut. W. K. Vickroy of Company B, while we were here at Corinth. Cutting down the number of regimental teams occurred while we were here during the last days of October and the surplus teams and the teamsters were turned in to form a division supply train. We turned in, we think, ten teams. Mr. E. G-. Covington becomes the wagon- master of the division supply train. At the time of decid- ing on turning the teams into the train it was determined to keep the matter a profound secret until the orders were issued, so that no changes could be made by the wagonmastersto keep the best mules, wagons or drivers in the various regiments and turning in the poorest, and when the order was published it contained a clause forbidding any changes whatever; teams were to be turned in just as they were, drivers and all. Just before the order was published, great changes oc- curred very suddenly in our train, the best mules were suddenly tied to the best wagons and the favorite drivers assigned. “ What does this mean?” asked the drivers. No explanations were made and the new regimental teams and outfit were a little the best, we think, that the army could produce. Lieuten- ant Hunt was at that time acting as brigade quartermaster on Colonel Sanborn’s staff. [Population of Corinth, 1880, 2,275; population, 1870, 1,512, of whom 679 were colored ; population of Danville, 1880, 50.] War Department, Adjutant General’s Office, Washington, Oct. 16, 1862. General Orders, No. 159: First — The Department of the Tennessee will include Cairo, Fort Henry and Fort Donaldson, northern Mississippi and the portions of Kentucky and Ten- nessee west of the Tennessee river. Second — Maj. Gen. U. S. Grant is assigned to the command of the Depart- ment of the Tennessee. By order of the Secretary of War, L. Thomas, (17, 2, 278.) Adjutant General. 142 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 Mrs. Morrill’s Visit to the Regiment. Captain Morrill, at our request, writes us as follows: Mrs. Morrill arrived at Corinth, Miss., about the twentieth of October, 1862, having spent the winter with me at Fort Snelling the winter previous to our going South in 1861, she had become quite well acquainted with most of the mem- bers of Company K, but hardly recognized some of them, hardship, exposure and sickness had changed them so. Many of the boys when they met her thought of their loved ones at home and from sheer homesickness tears ran down their faces. The regiment was ordered out after Price, after she had been there about a week or ten days. Colonel Sanborn gave her the key to a room in a large building that he had occupied and had been used directly after the battle for a temporary hospital. Subsequently it was used as headquarters for officers. We went out on a four days’ order but we never came back. After getting to Grand Junction, Tenn., one commissioned officer was detailed and sent back from each regiment to bring on the company property and convalescent sick. My wife being at Corinth I was sent back from our regiment. While absent Mrs. Morrill had been in the habit of visiting some wounded Confederate officers we held as prisoners who were in a building near her. Among the number was Col. Squire Boone of the Fifteenth Arkansas Infantry, whose leg was shot off at the fight at Corinth, and in the haste of amputation it was not properly done and would not heal. He was a large, powerful man, six feet in height I should iudge, but then was worn to a skeleton. He complained to Mrs. Morrill of the poor showing the South had made at that stage of the war. The trouble was the South did not have good generals. He called them a lot of ape-headed gen- erals. He said if the South ever allowed the North to open the blockade he would break his sword on the first tree he came to. I thought it very doubtful if he ever held a sword again. I went with Mrs. Morrill to bid them good-by and Colonel Boone gave me some wine, remarking : ‘‘Here’s success to you, captain!” I said: “That is more than I can wish you if you mean our present cause.” Mrs. Morrill composed the following lines in a notice of Captain Mooer’s death. They were published in the North Iowa Times at McGregor, Iowa, and afterward copied in New York papers at his former home in the East. If you deem proper, put them in. He (Captain Mooers) has a daughter in the East, on Long Island. His widow was still living the last we heard. After the surren- der of Vicksburg nearly the first man I met was Colonel Boone. He imme- diately recognized me and said: “ I intend now to keep the promise I made to your wife. I shall break this sword on a tree. I shall never raise an arm for the South again.” After our leaving him at Corinth he had his limb oper- ated on again, had a cork leg put on and went into active service. He told me to write to Mrs. Morrill and tell her of his intentions. LINES ON THE DEATH OF CAPT. ROBERT P. MOOERS. They have made him a bed in the damp, cold ground, Near the bank of a Southern stream, Far, far from his home, in a stranger’s land, Where the rays of a tropic sun gleam. 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 143 While gallantly leading, the brave soldier fell — Was pierced by a ball through the head, But his name is enshrined in the laurels of Fame As he quietly sleeps with the dead. Yes, he sleeps now — not heeding the cannon’s wild roar, Nor the lull of the murmuring stream, And his comrades march o’er him in battle array, Yet he heeds not their musketry’s gleam. For his country he fought; for his country has died ; None braver in Liberty’s cause. Fair freedom he loved, and to see her prevail He has died while defending her laws. The wife and the little one, far at the North, Were waiting his coming again. God help them! their loved, all mangled and torn, Has been laid ’neath the field of the slain. Then rest, gently rest, in thy rough Southern tomb, As o’er thee the soft breezes wave; Thy loved ones in anguish would drop a sad tear Could they kneel o’er thy patriot grave. A Change of Commanders. On Oct. 23, 1862, General Halleck (17, 2, 290) directed General Rosecrans, who was at the time in command at Cor- inth, to repair immediately to Cincinnati, where he would receive orders. On October 25th, General Grant, in General Orders, No. 1, assumed command of the Department of the Tennessee in compliance with Orders, ISTo. 159, of the War Department, dated Oct. 16, 1862 (294), and under date of Oct. 26, 1862, Brig. Gen. C. S. Hamilton, by direction of General Grant, assumed command of the district of west Tennessee and forces therein, and Brig. Gen. Isaac F. Quiuby, having reported for duty on the twenty-sixth to General Hamilton from Columbus, Ky., where he had previously been in com- mand, was, by the same orders, assigned to the command of the Third Division, Army of the Mississippi (298): War Department, Adjutant General’s Office, Washington, Oct. 24, 1862. General Orders, No. 168: First — By direction of the President, the State of Tennessee east of the Ten- nessee river and such parts of northern Alabama and Georgia as may be taken possession of by United States troops will constitute the Department of the Cumberland. 144 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 Second — Maj. Gen. W. S. Rosecrans is assigned to the command of the Department of the Cumberland. Third — The troops under the command of Major General Grant will con- stitute the Thirteenth Army Corps, and those assigned to the command ot Major General Rosecrans will constitute the Fourteenth Army Corps. By order of the Secretary of War. L. Thomas, (y. 16, 2, 641.) Adjutant General. Regimental Return for the month of October, 1862. — Enlisted men present for duty, 478; on extra and daily duty, 66; sick, 54; total enlisted present, 598. Commissioned officers present for duty, 23; on extra and daily duty, 1; sick, 2; in arrest, 1; total, 27. Remarks on Monthly Return for October, 1862, made Nov. 2, 1862. — Left Jacinto on the morning of the first of October and marched to Clear creek, eighteen miles. Remained there until the third. Left camp at daylight on the third and marched through Corinth to a point on the Purdy road, about four miles north of Corinth, where we formed line of battle — our brigade holding the extreme right. Left the field on the morning of the fifth to join jn the pursuit. Returned to old camp on Clear creek at noon on the eleventh, having made a continuous march of over one hundred miles. Marched to Cor- inth on the twelfth and encamped inside the old rebel intrenchments east ot the railroad depot. This return is signed by James C. Edson, captain com- manding the regiment. On this return H. Slackman of Com- pany B is reported as having died of disease at Jackson, Tenu., on October 16th. We copy this item, hut have no other knowledge of any such person having belonged to this com- pany. Marching Orders. (17, 2, 312.) Jackson, Nov. 1, 1862. General Hamilton, Corinth, Bliss.: There are indications that Bolivar will be attacked within forty-eight hours. Have three divisions of your command ready to move to-morrow morning, with three days’ rations in haversacks and three days’ in wagons. Take as little baggage as can he possibly got along with. Do not move without further directions, hut be ready at the time stated. * * * Start in the morning. Move on Grand Junction, keeping a good lookout to the south of you. If you find the enemy have moved north of that place you can change your direction toward Bolivar. McPherson will also move to that point, starting next day. Establish a line of couriers from Chewalla to enable me to communicate with you. * * * The route will be by Pocahontas. It will be of the utmost importance in case of a move to seize on Davis’ bridge and the bridge at Poca- hontas at once with a cavalry force. Instruct the telegraph operators to keep the offices open until six o’clock to-night. * * * I have before me Corp. Leo Cook, Company B. 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 145 a Jackson (Miss.) paper, which makes no mention of the fall nor even of attack upon Mobile. It may be so, however. We will make the move indicated in my former dispatch, and, if practicable, drive the enemy from Holly Springs. Corinth will then be covered. U. S. Grant, Major General. Headquarters District of Corinth, Third Division, Department of the Tennessee. Corinth, Nov. 1, 1862. Special Orders, No. 7: First — The divisions of Generals Stanley, Quinby and McArthur will be held in readiness for movement early to-morrow morning, with three days’ rations in haversacks, three days’ in wagons and one hundred rounds of ammu- nition per man. Not more than one tent per company will he taken ; no other baggage. Small camp guards will be left, composed as far as possible of non- effectives. * * * By command of Brig. Gen. C. S. Hamilton. R. M. Sawyer, Captain and Assistant Adjutant General. November 2d — Sunday. — Marched through Corinth and out on the Memphis road twelve miles. Good roads. Clear. [“ I remain behind to finish muster rolls and take care of Lieuten- ant Johnson. The men who are left behind are ordered to form a new camp inside the new intrenchments. November 3d. — Prepare to follow the regiment. I am not able to accom- plish anything on account of taking care of Johnson. lie is ver}’ sick.” — T. M. Young.] Hamilton commands the left wing of the army. November 3d — Monday. — Marched across the Tuscumbia and Hatchie rivers to Porter’s creek. Clear. November lyth — Tuesday. — Marched through Grand Junction. Camped four miles south, on the Holly Springs road, on Wolf river. Somebodj T set fire to an old building with cotton in it on the road to-day and some of our boys were accused of it. Good roads. Warm. Severe Orders. Headquarters Left Wing Army t of the Tennessee. In the Field, near Grand Junction, Nov. 5, 1862. General Field Orders, No. 2: First — The plundering and house burning of the past two days shows that the discipline of this command is becoming seriously impaired. Although these 10 146 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 crimes are committed only by those who are “stragglers on the march and skulkers on the battlefield,” still all good soldiers share in the odium which such conduct brings upon the army. It is therefore ordered that every effort be made to arrest these thieves and house burners, that they be immediately tried by a military commission to be detailed by division commanders, and that the sentence, however severe it may be, be promptly executed. Second — Division commanders will hold regimental commanders strictly re- sponsible for the conduct of their soldiers. Directly after the arms are stacked in camp the roll will be called and the number of absentees from each regiment will be reported to the division commander. When the army does not march there will be five roll calls per day and the absentees reported to the division commander. Third — Officers of whatever rank or regiment, who do not use all their efforts to repress these gross outrages, will be deprived of their commands and confined in the military prison at Alton. Fourth — All firing in and about the camps is strictly prohibited. Soldiers so offending will be arrested and severely punished. The general commanding regrets that he is forced to use such severity, but it is the only means left him to prevent this army of soldiers from degenerating into an armed mob. By command of Brig. Gen. C. S. Hamilton. John Y. Dubois, Colonel United States Army and Chief of Staff. November 5th — Sunday. — We went on a reconnaissance to- day toward Holly Springs, supporting the cavalry. November 6th — Monday. — The regiment fell in with canteens on for inspection. Some thought they were going to draw rations of whisky but it was only to detect some whisky thieves. None found. November 7 th — Friday. — T. M. Young, sergeant of Company A, left behind at Corinth, says, under this date: “Turn over the extra ordnance stores to the ordnance officer here and take a memorandum receipt. Sell the officers’ provisions to the commissary of subsistence of the Twenty-second Ohio, and at noon we start for the regiment. The day is very hot and the convalescent men suffer very much. We march twelve miles and then back half a mile to find a decent place to camp. Pretty rough on sick men to march twelve miles in half an afternoon, and then back so far, for the fun of doing theground over again in the morning.” November 8th — Saturday. — The regiment marched six miles to Davis’ Mill and Gray’s creek. Clear. To-night, just as the 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 147 campfires were being lit, somebody tore down a part of the fence to a hog lot in rear of Davis’ residence and the rebel hogs ran through the camps, chasing the boys in all directions. Some got across the creek and up through the timber. Our boys protected themselves as best they could with their sword bayonets and the squealing of the porcines did not last long. Mr. Davis also lost some sheep at this time. After the war he put in a claim as a Union man against the government for a large number of hogs and sheep killed and used by the men of our regiment. We never learned whether his claim was allowed or not, but think that it was. November 9th — Sunday . — Marched toward Holly Springs on a reconnaissance. Came back to the mill. Dusty roads. Clear. November 10th — Monday . — Marched one mile and camped on a hill on the east side of the road. Had plenty of hickory nuts and potatoes. Clear and warm. November 11th — Tuesday . — We quote from a letter: Camp, Eight Miles South of Grand Junction. We are now on our road to Holly Springs, eighteen miles distant, where General Price was on last Sunday, but deserters say he evacuated on that even- ing. After we passed through Grand Junction we camped about four miles south, upon Wolf river, a fine stream of water. Last Sunday we made a recon- naissance to within twelve miles of Holly Springs and supported our cavalry (Col. A. L. Lee with his Seventh Kansas — the Jayhawkers). Took 125 prison- ers. We returned the same day to our present camp. Our men are fixing up the bridges upon the railroad here and we are also running Davis’ grist mill. Negroes come in every day in large numbers, some with wagons with two to four mules on. The cars run to Grand Junction, nineteen miles from Bolivar, and Jackson, forty-seven miles from the Junction, and before long will also run from Corinth through. The weather is fine and this is the finest country we have yet seen South. Plenty of corn and hogs, two very necessary things for an army. I think we have left Corinth for good, as our camp equipage is on the road for this place, and the army from Bolivar and Jackson is also here. We are all glad we have left Corinth, where for miles around the chickens have ceased to crow and the rail fences no longer decorate the landscape. On November 11th Brig. Gen. Leonard F. Ross relieved Brig. Gen. David S. Stanley, in command of the division of the left wing of the army, and General Stanley was ordered to re- port in person to General Rosecrans, commanding the Depart- ment of the Cumberland (17, 2, 343), and was assigned to HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT 148 [1862 duty there as chief of cavalry and to command all of the cav- alry in that department. (20, 2, 94.) November 13th — Thursday. — Col. A. L. Lee of the Seventh Kansas Cavalry, with cavalry, entered Holly Springs this morn- ing, driving the enemy’s pickets from there and far beyond. He has taken about one hundred prisoners and killed and wounded many. Lee still in pursuit. The enemy are now south of the Tallahatchie. (17, 1, 470.) Brig. Gen. John S. Bowen preferred charges against Major General Van Dorn for misconduct in the movement of his troops against Corinth; for moving in such an important en- terprise without sufficient commissary stores, thereby causing suffering among his troops; for failing to follow up his success on the afternoon of the third, when victor}? was within reach; and in waiting until the morning of the fourth, when the enemy had strengthened his lines, received re-enforcements, etc. A court of inquiry, consisting of Generals Price, Tilghman and Maury, with Captain Cummins as recorder, convened at Ab- beyville, Miss., on Nov. 15, 1862, to try the case, and after hearing the evidence decided that it disproved the allegations contained in the charges and specifications (17, 1, 414.) November 16th — Sunday. — We had a grand review to-day by Generals Grant, McPherson and Quinby. We quote the fol- lowing from a letter written home by Sergt. S. C. Thurston of Company C: After the review to-day we espied Capt. R. S. Donaldson coming, just from Minnesota, where he had been on furlough. [Left us on sick leave at Corinth. — Ed.] He had brought some eatables from there for the boys. He had left his baggage and eatables at Davis’ Mill, two miles away. The mules had all been taken out foraging, and as we thought that we might get orders to march, Witherell, myself and two others brought them to camp on our shoulders. We live high now. Billy Longstreet, McCabe and I mess together. One car- ries the meat, one the bread and the other the groceries. After the review Lieutenant Hunt came into camp for an escort of horsemen to go into the country and get horses and mules. After a while he persuaded Captain Edson to go along. I received instructions to mount all of the teamsters and take every saddle that could be procured in camp and accompany them, and did so. We scouted through the coun- 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 149 try, outside and south of our lines, for many miles, and met with good success. We arrived just after sundown at the plantation of a Mr. Franklin. Frank Collins, the writer, and several others turned the corner of the road and some rods distant rode into a small inclosure containing some old log stables, where an ancient servant was in the act of stabling six as fine mules as we ever saw and two horses. “Uncle,” we inquired, “where have you had the animals?” “Down in de swamp, Marsa.” “What for?” “To keep um fum y’all.” “Never mind tying them in the stable; we will take them along with us.” And the astonished uncle saw us lead them away and join the rest of our comrades in front of Mr. Franklin’s, who at once began to plead for his horses. The little mare with braided mane and tail and on whose back sat a jaunty little saddle, as if his little son had just dismounted previous to our appearance, he wanted to save for his boy, and the fine large Morgan mare he wanted for his own use. But that could not be. We soon left Mr. Franklin standing on his porch, contemplating, perhaps, how unstable and transitory were some things here below. About a mile distant we rode up to the plantation house of his older brother, Mr. Gideon Franklin, who, after some parley and objections, also fur- nished us with several more fine mules. We then started for camp, where we arrived some time after dark with two horses and eighteen mules that we had converted. The large Mor- gan mare was as fine a one as I ever saw. November 17th — Monday . — Marched to La Grange, Tenn. [Population, 1880, 511.] We box up our overcoats and store them and all surplus goods in the Baptist church (we got our overcoats again before we got into Memphis), in which we lie down and remain until morning. Persimmons are plentiful. Rain at night. November 18th — Tuesday . — Marched to Moscow, about eight miles from La Grange. Comrade J. H. Thurston says: Just before we got to Moscow, Jim and Charley Hubbard hired a negro to carry their luggage, which was sufficient to load a mule. He was a stupid fel- low. Charley gave him instructions to pack up his traps and be ready to 150 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 move whenever he saw the rest of us doing so, without waiting to he told. The next time we had dress parade, just as we (the hand) had nearly reached the right of the regiment, we discovered Tom with all his traps following us. Hubbard sent him back, much to the regret of the hand boys, who desired him to follow us as we heat-off. We generally had two of our army wagons loaded with am- munition with our regiment, and a guard under a corporal guarded them. Corp. Ezra A. Tyler of Company E had charge of them at this time. November 20th — Thursday . — Capt. E. Le Gro of Company E resigned to-day and left us. While we were here at Moscow foraging parties went frequently into the country. Mr. Coving- ton, who had charge of the division supply train, took his train out on November 24th, and as fast as the leading teams were loaded he instructed them to start for camp. About the same time three or four of our regimental teams went out on the same road. We did not go as far out as the others did, and while our wagons were being filled with corn at a house near the road a shot was fired. On looking out beyond us up the road, a man was seen running, bareheaded, across a field towards the camp, and our boys discovered atthe same time several wagons up the road loaded with corn, standing behind each other, with- out any mules. We soon ascertained that the enemy had cap- tured the mules and drivers of eleven six-mule teams. One driver of the eleven got away. Gen. Jerry Sullivan and some of our cavalry came out atonceand patrolled the roads for miles ahead, hut did not discover the enemy. They had gone off across-lots and got safely away with their capture. Two of our drivers turned into the division train. Allen W. Clark of Compan} 7 G and Pearl Otis of Company H were among the captives who were taken and afterwards exchanged. These teams were cap- tured within two miles of camp. An order was issued at once by the general to take mules from the surrounding country to make our number good, which order was obeyed with pleasure, and the order was never afterward to our knowledge revoked. [Population of Moscow in 1880, 193.] November 25th — Tuesday. — Six companies, Company A among the number, went out on a scout. 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 151 Captain Clarke of Company H writes : On the night of the twenty -sixth of Novembsr, while in ambush for rebel cavalry, a negro came into camp claiming to be a runaway, who was taken up by our chaplain and hired as an extra servant. But he skipped some time before morning and stole the chaplain’s mare, saddle, bridle and revolver — thus proving to our chaplain that there is not always an honest heart beneath a negro’s skin. We recovered the mare — she came in during the night, having apparently broken away, but without the saddle — but never saw Mr. Negro again. As he was a rebel cavalry officer’s servant and sent in as a spy to ascer- tain our position, he doubtless reported to his command, as they took another road and we lost them. The loss of the chaplain’s horse occurred at the bridge across Wolf river, and in writing of this Captain White of Company F says: I took the detachment over to guard the bridge the time the darkey stole the chaplain’s horse. I often think of that affair. November 27th — Thursday. — The six companies got back to camp about noon. We are very tired and footsore. November 28th — Friday. — March for Holly Springs and camp for the night at Coldwater, Miss., about four miles from that place. Water bad. Hot and clear. Had lots of fun with the Seventy-second Illinois, as to-day occurred their first march with us, and it was a hard one even for old veterans. The Sev- enty-second, Col. Fred A. Starring’s regiment, was the Chicago First Board of Trade Regiment, and joined us at Moscow. They entered with a fine outfit and gradually reduced it along the road. November 28tli — Friday. — Our regiment marched behind them to-day and supplied themselves freely with clothing of all kinds found scattered along the road; and on arrival in camp, while the colonel of the Seventy-second is giving tne com- mand, “ H-a-l-t ! ” and dressing up his regiment, “ Back on the left!” “Up in the centre!” our boys have already lined up, stacked arms and are getting away with all of the rail fences, much to the disgust of the boys of the Seventy-second. November 29th — Saturday. — About noon to-day we reach Holly Springs [population, 1880, 2,370], a pretty site for a dilapidated town. It is poorly fortified and only on one side March through Holly Springs and at sunset reach Waterford 152 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 [population, 1880, 200J, or Lumpkin’s Mills, a name without a town. Camp half a mile east on a hill, in the mud and rain, without tents or rubber blankets. Could see the campfires of a large army around us. Could hear cannon ahead at the Tal- lahatchie river. The weather cleared while we were here. There is a fine large brick grist mill here and some of our army boys are running it for Uncle Sam. Monthly Returns for November , 1862. — Total enlisted present for duty, 448; on extra and daily duty, 66; sick, 18; total enlisted present, 532. Commis- sioned officers present for duty, 21 ; on extra and daily duty, 3; in arrest or sus- pension, 1 ; total commissioned present, 25. Remarks on Return for November, 1862, made at Waterford, Miss. — Regiment left Corinth Nov. 2, 1862. November 4th, arrived at Grand Junction; dis- tance, fifty miles. Went into camp four miles south of Grand Junction. Went on a reconnaissance to a point near Cold water; distance, sixteen miles. Returned and camped near Davis’ Mill on the ninth. Marched on the seven- teenth through La Grange to Moscow, Tenn., arriving there on the eighteenth; distance marched, eighteen miles. November 25th, six companies marched sixteen miles on a reconnaissance and returned on the twenty-seventh. On the twenty-eighth the regiment marched to Coldwater. On the twenty-ninth passed through Holly Springs and on to Lumpkin’s Mills, eight miles south of Holly Springs. Distance marched from Moscow, thirty miles. Allen W. Clark and Pearl Otis were captured by the enemy on November 24th Second Lieut. James A. Goodwin, wounded at Iuka, now in hospital at Jackson, Tenn. December 2d — Tuesday . — Moved through rain and mud to the Tallahatchie river, and camped in the evening just in front of the rebel fort, which is very strong. It rained all night, filling the furrows in the old cotton field and making our stay at this place intensely disagreeable. The enemy has burned the bridge, and some of our men have gone to work to build an- other. On account of the destruction of the bridge our regi- mental sutler, Mr. Thos. C. Shapleigh, is unable to follow the regiment with his supplies and moves back with them to Holly Springs, and we will add, that when Van Dorn’s army captured Holly Springs it also captured all of Mr. Shapleigh’s goods. December 4-th — Thursday . — Rained all day. Got some mail. Abbeyville is across the river and not far from our camp here. December 5th — Friday . — Marched early. Roads terribly muddy. Cross the river at the rebel breastworks. Move on through Abbeyville [population, 1880, 223] and Oxford [popu- 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 153 lation, 1880, 1,534], fifteen miles, racing with Logan’s division nearly all day through rain and sleet. Camped in the woods close to Oxford. We saw a large number of prisoners, mostly cavalry. General Grant reviewed us at this camp. We went out foraging one day while here at Oxford, and while taking dinner with a poor granger, who had served in the Con- federate army, he berated the Confederate political leaders unmercifully and remarked that it was a “ rich man’s war and a poor man’s fight.” CHAPTER VII. Man Drummed Out of Service — Formation of Our Army Corps — Yankee Pictures vs. Confederate Money — Enemy Capture Our Supplies at Holly Springs — Our Big Scare — We “Fall Back” — Order Numbering Our Division in Our Four Army Corps — Capturing and Fooling Quinby’s Aids — Guarding Wagon Train to Memphis and Lafayette — Stop at White’s Station; Build Stockades; Lovely Foraging; Sixteen Inches of Snow — Roster of Our Division — List of Sick in Hospitals — Tents Crowded; “Spoon!” — Leaving Memphis — Bunche’s Bend — Down the Yazoo Pass — A Brush with the Rebels — Our Journey Back on the Pringle — On the Sandbar — Go Down to Milliken’s Bend. December 8th — Monday. — Marched to Yockna, Miss., six miles from Oxford. Still raining. Could see pine woods across the river to the south of us. While here we huilt a corduroy road. [The name of this stream in the official records is Yock- napatalfa.] A soldier, but not of our regiment, was drummed out of camp at this place, after having had one side of his head shaved, to the tune of the “Rogue’s March.” It was a laugh- able proceeding. He followed, bareheaded, the fife and drum, while a detail marched behind him with their arms carried at charge bayonet. At the edge of camp the music struck up “Double-quick,” and he was run out. He acted as if he en- joyed the fun and seemed glad to get out of the service. He had been tried for some offense and the sentence of the court martial was that he be drummed out of the service. When out of camp he kicked up his heels, put his thumb to his nose and graeefullj 7 waved bis hand. December 9th — Tuesday. — Still raining. J. M. Thompson, our regimental adjutant, having been elected by the membei’S of Company E as its captain, took command of the company here at the Yockna. December 18th — Thursday. — General Orders, No. 210, from the War Department at Washington, dated Dec. 18, 1862, read as follows: By direction of the President, the troops in the Department of the Tennessee and those of the Department of the Missouri operating on the Mississippi river 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 155 will be divided into fonrarmy corps, to be numbered the Thirteenth, Fifteenth, Sixteenth and Seventeenth. Maj.Gen. J. A. McClernand is assigned to the com- mand of the Thirteenth Army Corps, Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman to the com- mand of the Fifteenth Army Corps, Maj. Gen. S. A. Hurlbut to the command of the Sixteenth Army Corps and Maj. Gen. J. B. McPherson to the command of the Seventeenth Army Corps. While here at the Yockna we went out foraging. One of our men, not wishing to appropriate a pig that was running around the dooryard at a house, asked the man in charge what he would take for it. He said twenty dollars. He gave him a hundred-dollar picture that had been printed at some printing office in the North and received eighty dollars in good Confederate money as change. Our men were well supplied with Confederate money that w T as manufactured and sent down to the army. Five cents would purchase a five or a hundred dollar bill, and with these pictures our men could make purchases, when their feelings did not prompt them to confiscate what they wanted. It was fun for the boys to do a little honest trading. The country occupied by our army soon became so flooded with this facsimile that it was about as bad for a prisoner to have counterfeit money on his person when captured as it was to be convicted of being a spy, December 20th — Saturday . — Holly Springs, with its garrison and immense supplies, was captured early this morning by General Van Dorn’s army. December 21st — Sunday. — We marched back to Oxford with the rest of the army in the afternoon and encamped on our old ground to the east of the village. At midnight when all was quiet the long roll sounded and orders were received to fall in at once, as the enemy in heavy force w T as marching on us and was just outside the town. We fell in, and with the rest of the brigade marched through the town to the west and formed in line of battle. Our troops tore down some build- ings to give range to the artillery; fences were leveled and we expected that the enemy and daylight would open upon us at about the same time. A short time before daybreak a good part of our army was either in line on the field or marching to it, when it was discovered that the noise heard by our cavalry scouts, which they had believed to be the advance of the 156 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 rebel army in force, was made by one of our army wagon trains, which had taken the wrong road and had been driving all night to get into our lines, Several companies of our regi- ment came very near being fired into by our own troops. On the twenty-second we marched back to our camp. Orders Dividing the Army. Headquarters Department of Tennessee. Holly Springs, Miss., Dec. 22, 1862. General Orders, No. 14: By direction of the general-in-cliief of the army, the troops in this depart- ment, including those in the Department of the Missouri operating on the Mississippi river, are hereby divided into four army corps, as follows: First — The troops composing the Ninth Division, Brig. Gen. G. W. Morgan commanding; the Tenth Division, Brig. Gen. A. J. Smith commanding, and all other troops operating on the Mississippi river below Memphis not included in the Fifteenth Army Corps, will constitute the Thirteenth Army Corps, under the command of Maj. Gen. John A. McClernand. Second — The Fifth Division, Brig. Gen. Morgan L. Smith commanding; the division from Helena, Ark., commanded by Brig. Gen. F. Steele, and the forces in the district of Memphis will constitute the Fifteenth Army Corps, and be commanded by Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman. Third — The Sixth Division, Brig. Gen. J. McArthur commanding; the Sev- enth Division, Brig. Gen. I. F. Quinby commanding; the Eighth Division, Brig. Gen. L. F. Ross commanding; Second Brigade Cavalry, Colonel Lee command- ing, and the troops in the district of Columbus, commanded by Brigadier Gen- eral Davies, and those in the district of Jackson, commanded by Brigadier General Sullivan, will constitute the Sixteenth Army Corps, and be commanded by Major General Hurlbut. Fourth — The First Division, Brig. Gen. J. W. Denver commanding; the Third Division, Brig. Gen. John A. Logan commanding; the Fourth Division, Brig. Gen. J. G. Lauman commanding; First Brigade of Cavalry, Col. B. H. Grierson commanding, and the forces in the district of Corinth, commanded by Brig. Gen. G. M. Dodge, will constitute the Seventeenth Army Corps, and be commanded by Maj. Gen. J. B. McPherson. By order of Maj Gen. U. S. Grant. Jno. A. Rawlins, (17, 2, 461.) Assistant Adjutant General. This order placed Quinby’s division in the Sixteenth Corps, where it remained until it left Memphis to take part in the operations against Vicksburg, when it formed a part of the Seventeenth Corps under General McPherson. 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS.. 157 December 23d — Tuesday. — Marched back across the Talla- hatchie river. While we were in camp here before, two aids on General Quinby’s staff stopped at a white house not far from camp, where they were quite agreeably entertained by two young ladies of the household, and on returning here they renewed the acquaintance and made the house their head- quarters for the night. Col. Fred A. Starring with several other officers of the Seventy-second Illinois dressed them- selves in butternut uniform, and riding out to the house entered it, and, as Confederate soldiers, captured and paroled the two aids and made them swear that they would not leave the house before noon of the next day. The two young ladies were over- joyed to see our Confederates, showered upon them loving en- dearments and joyfully invited them to march the aids off into captivity. The colonel and his followers, after paroling the aids, retired, and the two prisoners remained in ignorance of the joke until about ten o’clock the next day. December 24-th — Wednesday . — Marched to Lumpkin’s Mill or Waterford. December 25th — Thursday. — Details go out foraging under the supervision of the quartermaster of the Seventy-second Illi- nois. The boys thought that he treated them meanly, as he made them throw the forage all together and divide it fairly. This quartermaster wears spectacles. The wagonmaster of this regiment (Burtis) is a pretty liberal man. The Seventy-sec- ond’s train consists of four-horse teams and many of the horses are balky. When we forage a large mule and turn out a small one, they pick up the small one and turn out a balky horse. To-day is warm and pleasant and some of our officers went in bathing. At night it commenced to rain. December 26th — Friday. — March for Memphis. Rain all day and mud. The train of the Seventy-second is in advance of ours, and many of the balky teams are left by the wayside and the officers’ bandboxes and mess chests are unloaded along the road. On our fine mule teams we haul the knapsacks of our regiment. The wagons are loaded to the tops of the wagon-bows and knapsacks are strapped on the outside. We reach Tallaloosa, the rendezvous for the trains at night. Marched nine miles. 158 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 Holly Springs, Miss., Bee. 25, 1862. Special Field Orders, No 34: The Seventh Division (left wing), army in the field, Brigadier General Quinby commanding, will proceed without delay to Memphis, Tenn., as escort to train for supplies for the army. A train of fifty wagons will he detached from each division for this purpose, besides the regimental train of the Seventh Division- The train of the right wing will be collected at Tallaloosa by 12 o’clock m. on the twenty-sixth, escorted by details from their respective commands to that place, details to return as soon as train is taken charge of by General Quinby. The route to be taken to Memphis will be by the Pigeon Roost road, leading from Tallaloosa to Memphis. (17, 2, 485-499.) The above is a part of Grant’s order, and the instructions were that after the train was loaded to guard it east along the railroad and ship the supplies by rail. December 27th — Saturday . — Rained all night. Reach By- halia [population, 1880, 346] late at night, after marching seventeen miles. An institution of learning is located here — a female seminary. It is a small village. As the cotton busi- ness at this time made General Grant quite unpopular with some of the army, who blamed him for its being hauled on government wagons, we copy the following as an explanation of the cotton business: Halleck wrote from Washington, Aug. 25, 1862, to Sherman at Memphis, as follows: It was determined before I arrived here that gold and treasury notes should be paid for cotton, and it was so published in orders by General Butler in New Orleans. Whether or not this is wise I could not stop to examine. The policy being adopted, its operation must be uniform. Hence I directed General Grant to make it so in his district. I understand that tents for the new levies cannot be furnished till we get more cotton, and hence the absolute necessity for encouraging that trade just now. Money is of no more value to the rebels than cotton, for they can purchase military munitions with the latter as well as the former. Very probably as soon as we get cotton enough for military purposes the policy will be changed. (17, 2, 186.) December 28th — Sunday . — We move on again to-day and bivouac within eight or nine miles of Memphis. The weather is clear and the roads are good. Thomas Moore of Company C and young Grear, a son of John Grear of Company E, about fourteen years old, were captured to-day by the enemy when only about eighty rods south of the road and in plain sight of it. They were after chickens. They rode up to a farmhouse, were captured and paroled, and came to the regiment. The 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY YOLUNTEEES. 159 enemy kept Capt. J. E. Thompson’s fine horse and saddle which Moore was riding. We got plenty of fine hogs to-day along the road. Had to leave two we could not get into the wagons before the train passed, and Colonel Alexander, riding at the head of the Fifty-ninth Indiana, would not consent to let us draw out a team or stop, so the Fifty-ninth boys got those two Berkshires. December 29th — Monday . — Marched into Memphis. Camped near Fort Pickering. Clear and cold. Got very little wood, and so the boys helped themselves to a board fence (and we afterwards had its value taken out of our pay). December 30tli — Tuesday . — Still cold and disagreeable. Some of our boys at night went to the theatre in the city. As it was forbidden the men to be out of camp, the provost guard were hunting stragglers at night, but would be looking the other way when they came to any of them. The Fifth Iowa were on brigade camp guard and with strict orders to arrest all without the countersign; but all of our boys, in the opinion of the Fifth Iowa, had the mystic word, and none were arrested. A couple of them went to the theatre and in returning through the city a lieutenant and patrol crossed the street to them, when one of them pulled out a fine-tooth comb and says: “That’s the countersign, sir,” and the lieutenant asked, “ What regi- ment do you fellows belong to?” He was told, and they im- mediately crossed back over the street and said it was O. K. They were of the Eightieth Ohio. On coming to the brigade guard the first salutation was, “What regiment do you belong to?” “The Fourth Minnesota.” “The countersign is right; pass in, boys.” December 31st — Wednesday . — Marched to Germantown [population, 1880, 223], on the Memphis & Charleston railroad, in charge of the wagon train, fifteen miles. A good many of the men, from the division commander down, were indisposed on the march to-day. Former hardships and privations and a liberal supply of “ Gayoso spring water” in their canteens proves too much for many of our men, who are loaded into the wagons. Capt. R. S. Donaldson commands the rear guard of our regiment and is kept pretty busy looking after them. Lieut. J. H. Donaldson is acting regimental quartermaster. 160 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1862 We copy the following roster from the army records. When the returns were made Colonel Sanborn had doubtless gone to St. Paul. Roster of Seventh Division, Thirteenth Army Corps, December, 1862. — Brig. Gen. Isaac F. Quinby. FIRST BRIGADE — COL. JESSE I. ALEXANDER OF FIFTY-NINTH INDIANA, COMMANDING. Seventy-second Illinois, Col. Frederick A. Starring. Forty-eighth Indiana, Col. Norman Eddy. Fifty -ninth Indiana, Col. Jefferson K. Scott. Fourth Minnesota, Lieut. Col. John E. Tourtellotte. SECOND BRIGADE — COL. EPHRAIM R. ECKLEY OF EIGHTIETH OHIO. Fifty-sixth Illinois, Col. Green B. Raum. Seventeenth Iowa, Lieut. Col. Clark R. Weaver. Tenth Missouri, Col. Samuel A. Holmes. Twenty-fourth Missouri, Company F, Lieut. William W. McCammon. Eightieth Ohio, Capt. Charles H. Mathews. THIRD BRIGADE — COL. GEORGE B. BOOMER OF TWENTY-SIXTH MISSOURI. Ninety-third Illinois, Col. Holden Putnam. Fifth Iowa, Col. Charles L. Matthies. Tenth Iowa, Lieut. Col. William E. Small. Twenty-sixth Missouri, Lieut. Col. John H. Holman. ARTILLERY — LIEUT. COL. ALBERT M. POWELL. First Missouri Battery M, Capt. Junius W. McMurray. Eleventh Ohio Battery, Capt Frank C. Sands. Sixth Wisconsin Battery, Capt. Henry Dillon. Twelfth Wisconsin Battery, Capt. William Zickerick. CAVALRY. Fifth Missouri, Company C, Lieut. Russell W. Maryhugh. (17, 2, 513 and 516.) Returns for Month of December , 1862. — Total enlisted, 750; aggregate, 787; aggregate last return, 813; total enlisted present for duty, 445; on extra and daily duty, 53; sick, 12; total enlisted present, 510. Commissioned officers present for duty, 22; on extra and daily duty, 3; sick, 1; total present, 26. Remarks.— Marched from Lumpkin’s Mills to a point near the Tallahatchie river, seventeen miles. December 3d, marched about a mile and camped on the river below the rebel intrencbments. December 4th, marched to Oxford, Miss., fifteen miles. December 12th, marched six miles south of Oxford to the bottoms of the Yocanapatalfa river. December 21st, returned to Oxford. De- 1862] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 161 cember 23d, marched to Tallahatchie, fifteen miles. December 24th, marched to Lumpkin’s Mills, three miles. December 26th, marched to Tallaloosa, nine miles. December 27th, marched to Byhalia, eleven miles. December 28th, marched to a point eight miles east of Memphis. December 29th, marched to Memphis, eight miles. December 31st, marched to Germantown, fifteen miles, on the state line road. Dnring the month marched 126 miles. On the twenty-eighth the rear guard of the. train was fired into by guerrillas. Private F. Follett of Com- pany D was wounded slightly. Two men were captured and paroled — Privates F. Follett of Company D and John Eichler of Company F. Corporal Emil Burchard of Company H was captured by guerrillas at Holly Springs. Private S. D. L. Baldwin of Company B was discharged Oct. 13, 1862, at St. Louis. George A. Clarke, sick at Holly Springs since Dec. 23, 1862. James C. Edson, acting major of regiment since Oct. 8, 1862. J. E. Tourtellotte, Lieutenant Colonel, Commanding Regiment. Following is a list of sick and wounded, as reported in hos- pitals during the months of October, November and Decem- ber, 1862, page 363, Adjutant General’s Report: Company A. — At Keokuk, James Hare and Thomas Anderson; at Jefferson Barracks Hospital, St. Louis, Mo., Alfred H. Smith, Henry H. Wise, Nels P. Peterson; at General Hospital, St. Louis, Calvin R. Fix; at New House of Refuge, St. Louis, John W Frazee, Linus J. Lee. Company B.~ At Quincy, 111., James A. McClairy, J. Burrows, F. W. Hanscom; at Keokuk, Corp. Wm. Knable, Edward Ziebarth; at Jefferson Bar- racks, James K. Cochran, W. W. Getchell, C. G. Mickel; at New House of Refuge, Joseph Heck, Thomas Ellsworth, Ole Nelson; at Benton Barracks, Sergt. S. D. Dammon. Company C. — At Quincy, 111., H. Nickerson, M. A. Bailey, W. A. Bandy; at Jefferson Barracks, Thedro Fish, Edward J. Huntington, Dow Rosenberg, Chester K. Jackson, John Asemon, Andrew J. Brown, Chas. F. Putnam; at New House of Refuge, Thos. H. Reeves, Chas. M. Perkins; at Benton Barracks, Cyrus Clough, E. D. MeGillis, R. H. Hardick. Company D. — At Quincy, E. Reith, B A. Plummer; at Jefferson Barracks, F. Y. De Coster, Ross Workman, N. A. Abell, Alonzo Popple; at New House of Refuge, Thos. J. Cadwell. Company E. — At Quincy, Thomas Agan, A. Rosenberg; at Jefferson Bar- racks, Joseph White, John Boss, Second Lieut. J. A. Goodwin; at General Hos- pital, St. Louis, G. W. Thomas; at Good Samaritan Hospital, James Wilcox; at Keokuk, John Cocy. Company F. — At Quincy, F. L. Cutler, O. F. Peck; at Keokuk, Corp. Perry H. Jewitt, R. H. Beebe, O. I. Ellingson, B. Habercrom, J. O. Russell. Company G. — At Quincy, Sergeant Charles Ketchum; at Keokuk, Lorenz Steger, Joel Taylor, Sergt. Wm. Schelefoo, George Rieder, Patrick Loftus, Andrew Eichmezer; at Jefferson Barracks, Matthias Waldorf; at General Hos- pital, John Fobe; at Benton Barracks, Lott Palmer. 11 162 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 Company IJ. — At Benton Barracks, Drum Maj. Cornelius A. Kelly; at Keo- kuk, Wm. Gregory, Charles Kelly, J. J. Cobb, John Penrith; at Jefferson Bar- racks, Gustave Johnson, Nels P. Folk; at Benton Barracks, Peter Wilson. Company I. — At Quincy, F. Taylor, M. R. Kelly; at Keokuk, C. Culp, Peter Smith, Charles Haley, A, Lamont; at Jefferson Barracks, John N. Powers; at New House of Refuge, Henry Harper. Company K. — At Quincy, A. C. Smith; at Jefferson Barracks, Jonathan M. Milhollin, S. M. Milhollin; at New House of Refuge, Wm. M. Milhollin; at Keokuk, Corp. George Mail, James Guy, August Hagerman. January 1st — Thursday. — Marched sixteen miles east to La- fayette. [Population, 1880, 372.] Clear and very cold. Ice half an inch thick. Guarded a supply train. We are thirty-one miles east of Memphis. Colonel Sanborn left us for St. Paul on leave of absence to settle up some business of his as quarter- master general of the state. January 2d — Friday. — This morningas Colonel Tourtellotte made his toilet he discovered that his navy revolver, put under his head as he went to bed, was not to be found. He never discovered revolver or thief. [The colonel had our sympathy, for the weapon was a good one and we had sold it to him a short time previously. — Ed.] Marched to Germantown and on after dark five miles further to White’s Station [population, 1880, 50], nine miles from Memphis. No tents. Rains hard during the night and everybody gets thoroughly wet. Marched to-day twenty-one miles. January 3d — Saturday. — Rains all da} 7 and all night. Get our tents and pitch them and are more comfortable. Headquarters Seventh Division, Left Wing, Thirteenth Army Corps, Department of the Tennessee. Colliersville, Twenty-six Miles East of Memphis, Jan. 3, 1863, 12 m. Brig. Gen. C. S. Hamilton, Commanding Left Wing, La Grange, Tenn., General : I have the honor to report, that pursuant to your instructions my division is now posted on the Memphis & Charleston railroad from Colliers- ville to within three miles of Memphis. The Second Brigade, Colonel Eckley, guards the road from Colliersville to Germantown; the Third Brigade, Colonel Boomer, from Germantown to White’s Station; and the First Brigade, Colonel Alexander, from the latter point to crossing of the Pigeon Roost road with the railroad, three miles from Memphis, where I have established my headquarters for the present. I am, very respectfully, etc , I. F. Qujnby, (17, 2, 524.) Brigadier General, Commanding. 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 163 January Jth — Sunday . — Move camp again. Company A is posted on the extreme right. Got orders to set up a stockade. Captain Young superintends it and Captain Platt superintends building another on the left and near to camp. Forage details are busy and the Berkshires are shot down regardless of ex- penses, brought into camp whole or otherwise and then skinned. We are having splendid foraging. The sweet pota- toes are large, abundant and of as fiue a quality as we ever saw. January 7th — Wednesday . — The first train of cars went through from Memphis to Grand Junction to-day with supplies. Our Sibley tents are limited in number and consequently crowded. We have small sheet-iron stoves in them and from twenty to twenty-two men sleep in a teut, lying in a circle with feet toward the stove. When a shifting of position is necessary, some man calls out “ Spoon ! ” when the boys all flop over and find new holes for their hip bones. We bake our beans pinery style. A hole is dug in the ground — say about two and a half feet deep — and a rousing good fire is built in and over it, until the ground is pretty thoroughly baked. The coals and ashes are then removed at bedtime and a large sheet-iron camp kettle full of parboiled beans and a hunk of salt pork is introduced and covered up with the coals and ashes and dirt enough on top to make the hole a hot, steaming oven. They are not disturbed until morning, when the mass of covering is removed and the kettle of beans is brought forth — a “dish fit for the gods.” Headquarters Department op the Tennessee. Memphis, Tenn., Jan. 15, 1863. Special Orders, No. 15: Sixth— The divisions of Brigadier General McArthur, Brigadier General Logan and Brigadier General Quinby are detached from the command of Briga- dier General Hamilton, and all dispositions made for the maintenance of his positions will be made without reference to them. Seventh — General Quinby’s, now guarding a portion of the road, will be the last division to move, and while on such duty will be governed by instructions received from General Hamilton. Eleventh — The divisions now commanded, respectively, by Brigadier Gen- erals Quinby, Logan and McArthur are designated to re-enforce the expedition operating down the Mississippi river, Maj. Gen. J. B. McPherson to command the whole. 164 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 Twelfth — Brigadier General McArthur’s division will at once embark on transports and proceed down the river to report to Major General McClernand for orders until the arrival of Major General McPherson with the remainder of his command. Thirteenth — Brigadier General Logan will embark and proceed to the same destination as soon as transports can be supplied, and General Quinby will hold himself in readiness to move at the shortest notice. Seventeenth — Troops designated to go south will take with them five wagons to each regiment and one to each company of artillery; one wagon, in addition, to each brigade and division commander. Two ambulances will be allowed to each regiment. The balance of the trains will be turned over to such quartermaster as Colonel Reynolds, chief quartermaster, may designate to receive them. By order of Maj. Gen. U. S. Grant. John A. Rawlins, Assistant Adjutant General. January 16th and 17th — Saturday and Sunday. — Heavy fall of snow, sixteen or seventeen inches. A rabbit ran through camp to-day and the whole camp turned out for a run after it. January 39th. — Chaplain A. S. Fiske left us to-day, being detailed as assistant superintendent of contrabands at Mem- phis, Tenn. Monthly Returns for January, 1863. — Total enlisted men, 704; aggregate, 742; last month, 788; enlisted men present for duty, 440; on extra and detail duty, 51; sick, 43; total enlisted men present, 534. Commissioned officers present fordutv, 21; extra and daily duty, 2; sick, 1; total present, 25. Property — 12 wagons; 3 ambulances; 1 medicine wagon; 74 mules; 10 horses. Remarks. — James C. Edson, acting major since Oct. 8, 1862. Capt. Thomas C. Inman, in Minnesota in charge of drafted men since Oct. 22, 1862. J. H. Murphy, acting division surgeon, Seventh Division, Seventeenth Army Corps, since Oct. 5, 1862. J. E. Tourtellotte, Lieutenant Colonel, Commanding. February 5th — Thursday. — Colonel Sanborn returned to-day from St. Paul, where he went on leave of absence on January 1st. Maj. A. E. Welch came from Minnesota with Colonel Sanborn. Major Welch, while in command of the Third Min- nesota Infantry at the battle of Wood Lake in Minnesota with the Indians, suffered a fracture of his leg by a gunshot. February 7th — Saturday. — The cars still run through on this line to Grand Junction. Our division is stationed along the road from Memphis to Germantown, about fifteen miles. Re- ceived orders to-day to march to Memphis. We started at 9:30 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 165 a. M. and marched about seven miles through the snow to a camp in timber about two miles southeast of town. The Sev- enty-second Illinois camped near to us. February 19th — Thursday . — The weather is disagreeable and it rains about half the time, making the roads very bad. The smallpox is quite an epidemic in Memphis and one of our regi- ment was buried yesterda}’ who died of it at the hospital. Our surgeons are vaccinating the men as fast as they can. While we were encamped here outside of Memphis Valen- tine Cloherty of Company E deserted. Val. was a character in his way. He w'as a natural forager and while we were around Rienzi and Jacinto scoured that whole region of coun- try. He got a light one-horse rig and used to bring it into camp loaded down to the guards, selling the contents to the men when not compelled to donate to the officers’ mess. One day he was out and the enemy got after him, captured his rig and he barely made his escape by taking to the brush. Nothing daunted, in a day or two Valentine had another outfit and was at his old business. We missed him out of the regiment at his desertion, but not more so than our overcoat which we missed at the same time. We have received notice to be ready to move soon and we expect an early departure south by boat. While in camp here near Memphis, Joseph Ullmann, Isador Rose, Major Lyons, J. R. Livingston, Captain Bell and Colonel Hughitt, gentlemen from St. Paul, Minn., gave the officers of our regiment a din- ner at the Commercial Hotel in Memphis. [Population of Memphis, 1880, 55,000.] Returns for the Month of February , 1863. — Enlisted men for duty, 407; ex- tra and daily duty, 52; sick, 64; in arrest, 2; total enlisted present, 525. Com- missioned officers for duty, 24; extra and daily duty, 2; sick, 1; total commis- sioned present, 27. Remarks . — Company G — Allen W. Clark, captured and dropped, now pa- roled and exchanged; joined Feb. 27, 1863; and Valentine Cloherty of Com- pany E, deserted Feb. 7, 1863, at Memphis. As some of our comrades sometimes ask: “ What became of ‘Old Price?’” we will state, that according to “War Records,” Maj. Gen. Sterling Price was, at his own request, on Feb. 27, 166 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 1863, relieved from duty in the Department of the Mississippi and ordered to report to Gen. E. Kirlry Smith in the trans- Mississippi Department. (22, 2, 791.) He went to Little Dock, Ark. Leaving Memphis. March 1 — Sunday . — We got orders on last evening to march this morning at seven o’clock into Memphis, to take passage on a steamboat. Our men are all in good spirits at the prospect of active operations. The roads are good this morning and the weather is delightful. Lieut. T. B. Hunt is acting as brigade quartermaster and Mr. E. G. Covington, who was formerly our citizen regimental wagonmaster and who has recently been acting as the wagonmaster of the division supply train, will leave us here at Memphis, as he intends to quit the army and go to his home in Minnesota. We marched into Memphis at 11:00 A. M., and took up our quarters on the steamboat City of Louisiana, Companies A, B and E in the cabin and C with others on the hurricane roof. This boat used to be a first-class packet, hut is now fitted up to convey troops. Mr. Thomas C. Shapleigh, our sutler, left us here at Memphis, and will not accompany us any more. Marched — Monday . — Last night Johnson Colter of Com- pany I, our color sergeant, and Captain Lueg of Company G, fell off the boat into the river. Lueg v r as got out some dis- tance below, but Colter drowned. March 3d — Tuesday. — At 4:00 p. m. we started down the river with the rest of the fleet. Arrived at Helena, sixty miles below, at 11:00 P. m. Cool and cloudy. March 4-th — Wednesday . — We started early this morning. Passed Napoleon [population, 1880, 50], at the mouth of the Arkansas river, at 8:30 A. m., and arrived at Woodfork’s or Woodbury’s Landing, or Bundle’s Bend [population, 1880, 125], La. This place, or rather point on the river, is three hundred miles below Memphis, on the west side of the river, three miles from the Louisiana state line, about twenty above Lake Providence and seventy-five above Vicksburg. As Bayou Macon is hut a short distance (four miles) from here, and 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY YOLUNTEERS. 167 as Colonel BisselPs engineer regiment of the West is here (First Missouri Engineer Regiment), and as this bayou empties into Red river, Bissell’s men are here to see if a channel can- not be opened into it to get below or around Vicksburg. We unloaded the boat at 3:00 p. m. and marched half a mile back from the river, where we remained all night without tents. March 5th — Thursday. — In the night we had a very hard storm. There is too much water to do anything. We pitched our tents. A fine day. March 6th — Friday. — We had a severe rainstorm last night again, which wet through our tents, soaking everybody in camp. This landing is also called Grand Lake, Ark. March 7th — Saturday. — Embarked again on the City of Louisiana and started up the river at 11:00 A. M., Company B being on the roof. We ran very slow as we have a hay boat in tow. We laid up at 1:00 A. M. The wind blew hard to-day and to-night it rains. We made our bed with a comrade, our heads being under the projecting floor of the Texas. Soon after we had got to sleep a sudden rush of water into our com- fortable bed admonished us that something was wrong. We found that the water pipe, which we had not before noticed, had been plugged up with dirt, and the accumulated water having opened a passage it discharged enough into our bed to give us a good drenching. March 8th — Sunday. — Started early. Passed Napoleon, Ark., at 11:00 a. m. Pleasant day, but we have a strong head- wind. We laid up at night. March 9th — Monday. — Stopped at 9:00 a. m. at the fleet and sandbar in Arkansas, five miles below Helena, in sight of the town and about opposite the mouth of the Yazoo Pass. Disembarked and camped. Clear and warm. Two hundred miles to Bundle’s Bend. March 10th — Tuesday. — It rained all day and nearly all night. March 11th — Wednesday. — We unloaded our baggage upon the shore. A fine day. Our fleet here at the sandbar con- sists of the following named boats: Superior (flagboat of General Quiuby), Dickey, City of Louisiana, Von Phul, J. C. Swan (our commissary of subsistence boat), latan, Tecumseh, 168 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 Brazil, Lady Jackson, Anglo-Saxon, R. Campbell Jr., Tigress, Platt Valley, Gladiator and General Anderson. We are wait- ing here for smaller boats to take us down the pass. March 13th — Embarked on the steamer J. S. Pringle, a double stern-wheel boat. part of a battery of light artillery is also on hoard. Clear and warm. Colonel Sanborn, with brigade headquarters, is also on our boat. We have thirty days’ rations, and our boats on the expedition are the Prima Donna (on which General Quinby has his headquar- ters), Duke of Argyle, General Anderson, Lady Jackson, Em- pire City and J. S. Pringle, with the gunboats Baron De Kalb and No. 2 tinclad. The method of transporting the troops on this expedition was unique and deserves a passing notice. The wagons and stores were placed in the hold. Then all of the mules and horses, the headquarters’ roan cow (some will doubt- less remember her and the unaccountable way she had of fall- ing overboard) and the artillery were all crowded on the boiler or engine deck. Next, just above the animals, was rigged a staging covered with loose boards which allowed free ventila- tion from below. Four of our companies (we think A, F, I and C) were quartered in that cramped place, about four feet high. The aroma was something indescribable, and at night when all was still and the silence could be almost felt the music of those mules was demoniacal and anything but soothing to one’s nerves. March 14 -th — Saturday . — Started across the river and went through where a ditch had been cut from the river across the levee by our forces. The river was very high and there was a fall of eight and one-half feet in the levee, through which the water flowed with great swiftness, so much so that we could not keep steerage-way on the boat. Immediately after leaving the river we had to turn at almost a right angle. Be- fore we could make this turn we were forced, side on, to the bank with a force that made things jingle, doing no harm, however. We then followed what appeared to be a lane of water, with trees on each side which were submerged to the height of fifteen or twenty feet, and as the current was exceed- ingly swift the steamer seemed to be almost completely at its 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 169 mercy, first striking- the trees on one side, which, fortunately, would spring, so that the blow was broken; then the trees bending like whips, she would rebound to the other side. The pilot turned pale, the troops were almost breathless. After going about a mile we shot into Moon lake, where we had quiet sailing for about five miles before we came to the pass, and all took a long breath. Hailed some soldiers to know where the mouth of the Yazoo Pass out of the lake was. Found the hole. Tried to get in and could not. Too much cross current and wind. Tied up for the night. The steamer Empire City came up with the Seventy-second Illinois on board. The men went to blackguarding each other and both regiments got nearly fighting mad, when the officers put a stop to it. The blackguardism consisted mostly in imitating the commands of Colonel Starring of the Seventy-second, who had been a cadet at West Point and had learned to draw out his com- mands, as “ H-a-l-t ! ” etc. March loth — Sunday . — Tried two or three times and at last we got into the pass. It was barely wide enough to let the boat in and was very crooked. The engineer corps were at work at the mouth with scaffolds and saws that operated hori- zontally under water, sawing the trees off several feet below the surface. We ran ten miles. Trees overhung the stream and it was very difficult to navigate. The pass would average about eighty feet in width. It is called fifteen miles from Moon lake to the junction of the pass with the Coldwater river. March 16th — Monday . — The rivets were punched out of the smokestack on our boat and the pipes were taken off about even with the hurricane roof. The stacks on some of the boats were hinged and on these the}- were laid back, but ours had to be cut off to allow the boat to pass under the limbs of the trees that overhung the stream. The smoke blackens us all up. Those of us on the hurricane roof have to keep a sharp look- out for falling limbs. As the boat was in the tree-tops some of the men got struck and hurt by them. A large, dead syca- more tree fell across the bow of the boat, striking the wheels of a battery wagon, and they broke through the deck. It knocked one man overboard and injured two others. It came very near 170 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 sending us to the bottom into fully fifty feet of water. We struck one tree that broke the guards all in as far as the hull of the boat and ripped them off clean for several feet, knock- ing several guns overboard. The railings and the “ gingerbread fixings ” are all torn off. The exhaust pipes are knocked off, and the men utilize the steam in cooking by holding their long- handled frying pans over it. Occasionally a full head of steam is required for a stroke or two, when the pans would be thrown violently up and their contents go half way across the boat, amid shouts and laughter. Some of the Seventy-second Illi- nois boys nailed pieces of bacon and crackers and barrel heads to the trees, after writing messages on them. We worked hard all day and only went one mile. The captain of the boat kept calling almost constantly to Dan, the pilot, “Stop her, Dan!” “Back her!” “Give her a turn back on the starboard wheel!” and similar orders. We had to run out lines fore and aft and fasten them to trees to prevent the current from mak- ing a wreck of our craft by driving it against the trees. March 17 th — Tuesday . — We came up to the other boats and got off three horses at a farmhouse. Clear aud warm. We left one side of a field in the morning and tied up at night on the other side of it. We went a little over a mile. The farm- house we stopped at to-day, a pretty little white house with green blinds, near the levee, was Alcorn’s, afterwards United States Senator and Governor of Mississippi. In looking across the field, or in almost any direction, boats can he seen, the stream is so crooked, and we cannot tell whether they are before or behind us. March 18th — Wednesday . — Got into the Coidwater river at 2:00 p. M., having made eighteen miles in a little less than five days. We went one mile and got off to clean the boat. Camped over night. Clear and warm. The Coidwater is from one hundred to one hundred and thirty feet wide. March 19th — Thursday . — Got on the boat in the morning and started down the river, which was not much better than the pass. Thomas Lameroux of Company H was hit in the face to-day by a limb and his cheek bones and nose were broken. Had guards on the decks to look out for rebels, but 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 171 saw none. We heard heavy cannonading to-day from a long distance south. It is Admiral Porter’s gunboats down on Steel Bayou, or the Sunflower, trying a passage by that route. At night we sent up skyrockets to attract General Sherman’s and Admiral Porter’s attention. March 20th — Friday. — We met a gunboat to-day that had been fired into, four men being killed. It is 175 miles from where we are to-day to Fort Pemberton. We can run now about twenty miles a day, and we lay up of nights. The whole country is overflowed. March 21st — Saturday. — We got into the Tallahatchie river to-day. Saw bales of cotton on fire floating down the river. March 22d — Sunday. — Met Ross’ division coming up last night from Fort Pemberton. They turned and went down with us. Luke Marcile of Company B is one of the nurses in our regimental hospital. The Tallahatchie is from one hun- dred and thirty to one hundred and eighty feet wide. March 23cl — Monday. — We arrived at a point about two miles above the junction of the Tallahatchie and Yellowbusha rivers, which together form the Yazoo, and at the junction of which is located Fort Pemberton and the town of Greenwood. [Population of Greenwood, 1880, 375.] It is about 225 miles front Moon lake to Fort Pemberton. We are on Clark’s plan- tation. March 21f.th — Tuesday. — We get off the boat and camp over night in a field of old dead trees. Hard storm in the night and the trees and limbs were falling all night. Some horses were killed by the trees. [Sly says: “I went back to the river and sat up all night. Rain.”] Had some skirmishing with the rebels and took two prisoners. Companies A, E, I and H go out and reconnoiter the position of the enemy, but are not engaged. March 26th — Thursday. — Another reconnaissance in force is ordered, and the Fourth Minnesota, Fifty-ninth Indiana and Seventy-second Illinois are ordered for that duty. They move out two or three miles and draw the fire of the enemy, but do not return it. The only loss was the cap of one of the mem- bers of the staff, which was deposited as a memorial of our 172 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 visit, while the enemy kept yelling to him to “Hold up!” as the}’ wanted to form his acquaintance. But he had no time to spare and in a recent letter says that he thinks that the cap is still there. After several futile reconnaissances the expedition was given up. The water is so high that our troops cannot get to the enemy. Captain Donaldson of Company C has charge of the grand guard opposite the river from Fort Pemberton, and they hold frequent conversations with the enemy’s pickets. Returns for the Month of March, 1863. — Enlisted men for duty, 397; extra and daily duty, 49; sick, 56; total enlisted men present, 502. Commissioned offi- cers present, 21; extra and daily duty, 2; sick, 2; total commissioned officers present, 25. Total enlisted present and absent, 674; aggregate, 713; last re- turn, 727. Remarks. — From Woodfork’s Landing proceeded up the river to a point two (?) miles below Helena, opposite the mouth of the Yazoo Pass, and encamped on a sandbar twelve inches above the level of the river. Left with the rest of our brigade down the pass. On the twenty-third reached the camp of General Ross’ division on the Tallahatchie, eight miles above its mouth. On the twenty-fifth the regiment encamped on the east side of the river, one mile above the camp of Ross’ division, and distant from the rebel Fort Pemberton two and a half miles. Company A — Ephraim Tipton, died of disease Feb. 16, 1863, at Memphis, Tenn. Company B — John P. Parson, discharged for disa- bility March 3, 1863, at Memphis, Tenn. Company B — Thomas Ellsworth, discharged Jan. 28, 1863, at St. Louis, Mo. Company H — Pearl Otis, joined the regiment March 1, 1863, at Memphis, Tenn. Company I — Moses Norris, joined the regiment March 30, 1863, at Tallahatchie river; was captured at Iuka, Sept. 19, 1862. Thomas B. Hunt, absent acting as quartermaster First Brigade, Seventh Division, since Oct. 5, 1862. William F. Wheeler, absent on Hamilton’s staff since June 24, 1862. L. B. Martin, on detached service on General Buford’s staff since Sept. 1, 1862. April 3d — Friday. — The enemy shelled our forces and our gunboats replied vigorously. April 4-th— Saturday. — Loaded our teams and camp equi- page on the steamers. April 5th — Sunday. — Started up the river last night on the same boats, the Fourth on the Pringle and Company A in its old position above the mules. Can make more headway going up than down. April 7th — Tuesday. — Passed the steamer Tishomingo head- ed into the timber, badly disabled and apparently abandoned. We first saw her at Galena in 1856, as an upper-river boat, and the huge Indian painted on the sides of her wheelhouses looked like an old acquaintance. 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 173 April 8th — Wednesday . — Arrived at the pass and started up. Clear. The water has fallen a good deal and the signs nailed on the trees are ten feet above our heads. April 10th — Friday . — Arrived at the Mississippi river and crossed to our old camp on the sandbar. Disembarked and went into camp. Clear and warm. Distance down to Fort Pemberton and back, about four hundred miles. April lltli and 12th — Saturday and Sunday . — The boys are washing and boiling their clothes and cleaning up generally. April 13tli — Monday . — Our quartermaster, Lieut. T. B. Hunt, has been promoted to captain and assistant quarter- master, and left us to-day for the north. The Pass Expedition. The Yazoo Pass expedition was one of the schemes resorted to after Sherman’s disastrous defeat at Chickasaw Bayou to kill time, keep the army busy during the winter of 1863 and endeavor to get a foothold on terra firma near to Vicksburg. Grant consulted freely with all who could render information about the practicability of these schemes. General Gorman was in command at Helena and Lieut. C. K. Davis (since Governor of Minnesota) was an aid upon his staff. AVe cop}’ the fol- lowing, clipped from a newspaper, as his experience: I happened to be present on one occasion when he was taking the opinions of several officers, whether a canal should be cut from the Mississippi river into Moon lake, a sheet of water in the State of Mississippi about six miles below Helena and only a few hundred feet from the great river. The plan was to run steamboats and gunboats through this cut into the lake and thence by a river which had its source in the lake into the Yazoo, thus taking Vicksburg in the rear. General Grant sat through a long discussion for and against the operation without saying a word. No statue could have been less expressive. He did not seem to me to be even interested. When all had talked to their content, he said quietly, “Well, you can cut the ditch.” The result was the passage of an armament through that network of streams until it brought up against Fort Pemberton, at the confluence of the rivers which form the Yazoo. The cut was made on the second of February, 1863. The first troops left ITelena, Feb. 24, 1863, and consisted of Gen. L. F. Ross’ division of McClernand’s and two regiments of Sher- man’s corps, about four thousand five hundred men, on eighteen 174 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 transports, accompanied by the heavy ironclads Chillicothe (Captain Foster) and the Baron Be Kalb (Captain Walker), four or five tiuclads and a mortar barge, and passing through Moon lake confronted Fort Pemberton on the eleventh of March. On the twelfth the ironclads opened their bow guns. A shot from the fort soon jammed the port shutters of the Chillicothe so they could not be opened and she was compelled to withdraw for repairs. She returned on the thirteenth and the action was resumed, when a solid shot entered a port-hole, exploded a shell and killed several men. On the twentieth Ross’ command and the navy started back up the river. Embarked again on the J. S. Pringle and started down the Mississippi river. Clear and warm. Had a hard storm at night which blew the boat into the trees at the mouth of the White river and broke the wheel. Tried to anchor and it would not hold. Passed three gunboats. Rain. April — Tuesday . — Lay tied to the trees until the wheel was fixed. The Empire City tried to get our anchor but lost it. Started down the river at ten o’clock. Passed Napoleon and tied up at night. Rain and chilly. April 15th — Wednesday . — Arrived at Lake Providence [popu- lation, 1880, 1,100] at eight o’clock. The levee was cut and a furious stream of water was running through the village. Left at ten o’clock and went down to Milliken’s Bend, La., to-day. Large fleet of boats here and large camp. Warm. Milliken’s Bend [population, 1880; 225] is twenty miles above Vicksburg and three hundred miles below Helena. CHAPTER VIII. Running the Vicksburg Batteries; Names of the Boats; Particulars from Both Sides; Brilliant Description by a Lady in Vicksburg — Organizing Freed- men as Soldiers — Adjutant General Thomas’ Speech to Us — Officers Com- missioned ; Extra Dangerous Service — More Boats Run by the Batteries — We March from the Bend — High Water; Deep Mud — Fourteen Span of Horses Pulling a Caisson — Gunboats Bombard Grand Gulf and Run by Those Batteries — Battle of Port Gibson; Troops Engaged — Leave Our Tents and Teams at Smith’s Plantation— Cross the Mississippi River — Form in Support of McClernand’s Troops; then March to Port Gibson — Battle of Forty Hills — Hankinson’s Ferry — Support Logan’s Troops at Raymond — Corn in the Ear — Living Off the Country — Borrow a Cigar Factory at Clinton — Battle of Jackson — March for Vicksburg — Battle of Champion’s Hill. April 16th — Thursday. — Disembarked and camped inside of the levee. Very hot. We expect to get our pay in a day or two. Our men are getting sick very fast. It is said that Smith’s division, to which the Fifth Minnesota belongs, left here yesterday, and Hovey’s is leaving to-day by the over- land route to the river below. W e saw Fred Grant to-day riding a pony among the camps with a uniform on. He appeared to be about twelve years old. Went down below camp on the river and saw some men of Logan’s division putting bales of hay around the boilers of some of the steamboats to protect them while running the batteries. So many of the boys want to go on the boats and make the passage of the forts that a guard has been placed around them to keep them off. The steamboat Henry Von Phul, General Grant’s head- quarters boat, is anchored out in the middle of the river and the general’s family is on board. Running the Batteries. April 17tli — Friday. — Last night it ivas intensely dark and the steamboats ran the batteries at Vicksburg. The can- nonading could be plainly heard at the camp and the heavens were lit up brilliantly until the feat was accom- 176 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 plished. At ten o’clock Admiral Porter gave the signal from the flagship Benton and she started, followed by the gunboats Lafayette (with a barge of coal and the General Price — a wooden ram captured some months before at Memphis — lashed to her), Louisville, Mound City, Pittsburgh and Caron- delet. These gunboats were followed by the transports Forest Queen, Silver Wave and Henry Clay. These were all tow- ing barges, and the boats and barges were all loaded with coal and other supplies. The gunboat Tuscumbia brought up the rear. At ten minutes to eleven the Benton rounded the point above the batteries. General Sanborn says: No difficulty was met in obtaining volunteers to undertake the hazardous task of acting as pilots, engineers and firemen upon these frail crafts that were to be run by these heavy batteries. A few had doubts and misgivings. A request for volunteers was sent to all the division commanders and was read to each regiment at its dress parade. The volunteers were requested to report at division headquarters. Quite a large number reported from the Seventh Division. As the gunboats and transports laden with supplies were about to start, a large number of other transports were filled with officers and started down the river to a point that would be just beyond the reach of the rebel batteries to see the venturous fleet off on its perilous voyage. So long a time elapsed after they parted company from their visitors that the hope began to be indulged that they would run past the batteries without being seen at all, for there was no moon, the night was one of intense darkness, there was not a glimmer of light upon any gunboat or transport; they moved along silently and sullenly in the darkness, which was intense. But suddenly, almost as if by a flash of electricity, the whole heavens and earth were illuminated; fires blazed in every direction; the batteries opened from every point, while the gunboats responded with equal vigor, and the heavens seemed ablaze, while earth and river shook. An hour or two passed, and the rockets sent up by the fleet below were read to mean that the gunboats had all run past safely and that but one transport had been sunk — the Henry Clay. It was sixteen minutes past eleven when the first gun was fired from the bluffs by the enemy and Admiral Porter re- sponded at once from the Benton. The enemy set fire to the railroad buildings across the river in De Soto and built fires along the river banks to light up the stream. The vessels drifted with the current, which at times carried some of the boats in its eddies back and forth, thus delaying their prog- 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 177 ress. The gunboats continued their fire. At about twenty minutes past twelve the boats arrived opposite the courthouse. The Forest Queen was disabled by a shot, and after drifting some distance was taken in tow by the Tuscumbia. The Henry Clay was set on fire by a shell and burned, and at about two o’clock the fleet was moored at Hard Times Landing, about three miles above Grand Gulf. In running by the batteries Admiral Porter kept his gunboats near the Vicksburg shore, while the transports ran close to the Louisiana side of the river. Joseph Montoure of Company K of our regiment states that he acted as engineer of one of these steamboats that ran by the batteries. Admiral Porter says in his “Incidents of the Civil War:” When the Benton had passed all danger we still continued to drift on. The cannon were yet booming and fire was apparently issuing from a dozen burn- ing vessels. It might have answered for a picture of the infernal regions. We were an hour and a half in passing the batteries, which extended along the river for about four miles. I could not stop to ascertain what damage had been done to the other vessels, as I had to keep moving to make way for those behind me. The sound of guns gradually decreased as the vessels passed the batteries and then all was silent. The fires had burned out and the river had returned to its former obscurity. I came to anchor around a point and in ten minutes the gunboats began to come in sight, one after another, in the same order in which they had started, anchoring in line under the stern of the Ben- ton. Bunches of cotton still ablaze and burning fragments of the wreck of the Henry Clay continued to come down with the current. None were killed and but eight w T ere wounded on the gun- boats. Grant’s report (21, 1, 47) says that none were injured or killed on the transports. We quote from the diary of a lady [“My Cave Life”] in Vicksburg: At night I was sleeping profoundly when the deep boom of the signal cannon startled and awoke me. Another followed, and I sprang from my bed, drew on my slippers and robe and went out on the veranda. Our friends were already there. The river was illuminated by large fires on the- bank, and we could discern plainly the huge, black masses floating down with the current, now and then belching forth fire from their sides, followed by the loud report, and we could hear the shells exploding in the upper part of town. The night was one of pitchy darkness, and as they neared the glare thrown upon the river from the large fires, the gunboats could be plainly seen. Each one on passing the track of the brilliant light on the water became a target for the land batteries. We could hear the gallop in the darkness of couriers upon 12 178 HISTOKY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 the paved streets; we could hear the voices of the soldiers upon the river side, the rapid firing of the boats, the roar of the Coufederate batteries; aud above all, the screaming, booming sound of tbe shells as they exploded in the air and around the city made at once a new and fearful scene to me. The boats were rapidly nearing the lower batteries, and the shells were beginning to fly un- pleasantly near. My heart beat quickly as tbe flashes of light from the port- holes seemed facing us. Some of the gentlemen urged the ladies to go down into the cave at the back of the bouse, and insisted on my going, if alone. While I hesitated, fearing to remain, yet wishing still to witness the termina- tion of the engagement, a shell exploded near the side of the house. Fear instantly decided me, and I ran, guided by one of the ladies, who pointed down the deep slope of the hill and left me to run back for a shawl While I was considering the best way of descending the bill another shell exploded near the foot and, ceasing to hesitate, I flew down, half sliding and running. Before I had reached the mouth of the cave, two more exploded on the side of the hill near me. Breathless and terrified, I found the entrance and ran in, having left one of my slippers on the hillside. I found two or three of our friends had already sought refuge under the earth, and we had not been there long before we were joined by tbe remainder of the party, who reported the boats opposite the bouse. As I had again become perfectly calm and collected, I was sorry to find myself fluttered and in a state of rapid heart-beating, as shell after shell fell in the valley below us, exploding with a loud, rumbling noise, perfectly deafening. The cave was an excavation in the earth the size of a large room, high enough for the tallest person to stand perfectly erect, provided with comfortable, seats and altogether quite a large, habitable abode (compared with some of the caves in the city), were it not for the dampness and the constant contact with tbe soft, earthy walls. We had remained but a short time when one of the gentlemen came down to tell ns that all danger was over and that we might witness a beautiful sight by going upon the bill, as one of the transports bad been fired by a shell and was slowly floating down as it burned. We returned to the house and from the veranda looked on the burning boat, the only one, so far as we could ascertain, that had been injured, the other boats having all passed successfully by the city. We remained on the veranda an hour or more, the gentlemen speculating on the result of the successful run by the batteries. All were astonished and chagrined. It was found that very few of the Confederate guns had been discharged at all. Several reasons had been assigned; the real one was supposed to have been the quality of the fuses that were recently sent from Richmond and had not been tried since their arrival. This night of all others they were found to be defective. The lurid glare from the burning boat fell in red and amber light upon the house, the veranda and the animated faces turned toward the river, lighting the white magnolias, paliug the pink crape myrtles and bringing out in bright distinctness the railing of the terrace, where drooped in fragrant wreaths the clustering passion vine; fair and beautiful, but false, the crimson, wavering light! I sat and gazed upon tbe burning wreck of what an hour ago had thronged with human life; with men whose mothers had this very night prayed for them; with men whose wives hovered over little beds, kissing each tender sleeping lid for the absent one. Had this night made them orphans? 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 179 Did this smooth, deceitful current of the glowing waters glide over forms loved and lost to the faithful ones at home? Oh, mother and wife! ye will pray and smile on until the terrible tidings come — “Lost at Vicksburg!” Lost at Vicksburg! In how many a heart the name for years will lie like a brand! — lie until the warm heart and tried soul shall be at peace forever. There was a grand ball, given by Major Watts of the Con- federate army, in the city this night, and when the batteries opened and the shells began to explode, the unceremonious running to and fro from that ballroom and the hasty retreat through the streets in the darkness by ladies was a sight never before witnessed in Vicksburg. As a shell was heard coming they would fall in the dusty road, party dresses and all, lying until the explosion took place. After running about a mile in the fewest moments possible, they stopped at the first house. “If you could have seen our party dresses when we reached home,” remarked a lady afterwards, “and our hair and the flowers full of dust, you would never have forgotten us.” Organizing Colored Troops. April 17th . — We quote the following from a letter written at this time: To-day, the seventeenth, we passed in review before Brig. Gen. Lor- enzo Thomas, adjutant general of the United States Army, who recently came here from Washington. After the review wasoverour division was formed in a square by Colonel Sanborn, our division commander, with Generals Thomas, McPherson, Colonel Sanborn and several other prominent officers in the centre. General Thomas said that he had been sent here by the President of the United States to personally make known to the army the policy of the government re- garding the negro question, in order that none may be deceived, and to tell the soldiers all about it. After mature deliberation by the best statesmen of this country the policy is, to arm the best of them and organize them into regiments and to use them to hold points along the river and in the country and to put the rest to work upon fortifications and plantations, those upon the latter to be under responsible persons appointed by the President. He said he had author- ized the raising of one thousand artillerists at Memphis and two regiments of infantry at Helena. They have filled those at Helena and have enough more to almost fill a third.” He also said: “ I will give your division the officers for two regiments, and whoever the division commander recommends I will commission, and I do not care if they are all private soldiers, if they are only competent.” He also said: “ They at Washington were led to believe that the arming of negroes would meet great opposition in the armies, especially in the ISO HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 Western, but so far I am happily disappointed, as I have received the en- tire support of officers and men from the highest down. • But,” said he, “if any- one opposes the action of the government I have full power to dismiss him from the service, be he whom he may. ’ ’ He then asked for an expression from the crowd, when three cheers were given. Several other officers then spoke. Colonel Boomer of the Twenty-sixth Missouri Infantry did not believe in such a policy, but as long as it had been adopted he as a good soldier could only obey. Colonel Sanborn of the Fourth Minnesota Infantry made a patriotic speech. He be- lieved in the policy and was surprised that the government had not adopted it long before. The colonel believed in using any and every honorable means witbiu our reach to put down the rebellion, and if the mules could only serve with muskets he would believe in arming them. After the speeches closed the different regiments marched to their camps. The policy of organizing the freed men was freely discussed among the men and the feelings of repugnance that had before been rife gave way, for the men would reason, “ Why should we not use them to suppress the rebellion when we have them in such great numbers?” The enemy used them in all ways except to shoot guns. They drove the teams, built the fortifications and served as cooks and on extra and daily duty wherever their services could be worked in and a white man with a gun in his hands saved to their ranks, and we believe that those who served in their military operations — -without counting their great services as husbandmen in the fields — added at least an hundred thous- and fighting men to the ranks of the Confederacy. An opportunity was now of- fered to men of ability who were serving in humble station in the ranks where they could achieve military honor, by making good, well-disciplined soldiers of ignorant plantation negroes who had never had the privilege of firing a gun, provided they would take the risk of being captured by the enemy, who we all believed would regard and treat all “niggah officers” as outlaws, and as soon as any were taken prisoners kill them without judge or jury. It was amusing to see the change of sentiment among our men, and as soon as possible the next day Colonel Sanborn received four times as many applications as were needed. Several commissioned officers applied for positions and entered this new branch of the service, which was at first very unpopular, and it re- quired all of the fortitude we possessed to face the prejudice that cropped out as we began to recruit for our companies. We persevered, however, against all opposition. I had men bearing celebrated names in my company: Jeff. Davis, George Washington and King Emanuel, and we heard of one in another com- pany who was named “Paul’s Pistol to the Feeshuns.” On acquiring their freedom they generally adopted the names of their favorite masters. About the twentieth of July some of our officers proceeded to Natchez on a steamboat, which was placed at their disposal for the purpose, aud soon returned to Vicks- burg with a thousand men. We established our regimental campon the bottom land immediately below Cline’s foundry, and near to the United States Marine Hospital. The tents of the officers were on the first bench, about sixty feet higher, and occupied a portion of the ground used by the enemy for his water batteries. These were con- structed of earth, nicely turfed, and mounted heavy guns, eight and ten inch Columbiads, and had furnaces for heating solid shot. It was astonishing to us 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 181 how any vessel could have passed by them. The batteries extended along the river front a distance of three miles, and mounted thirty-one pieces of heavy and thirteen of light artillery, and were divided into three commands, the up- per ones being on Fort Hill (sky parlor), the centre on the city front, and the lower near to Cline’s foundry. As Pemberton’s army was marching on its way to the Big Black river, it met Capt. Eugene Farley and Lieut Joseph Meyer [Meyer was formerly from Company G, Fourth Minnesota] of the Fiftieth United States Colored Infantry, who had been out in the country getting colored recruits and were returning with them to the city. These officers had on their shoulder straps and were at once stopped and questioned by the rebels as to their object in getting negroes to go with them to the city; they were accused of being negro recruiting officers, were called the foulest epithets and threatened with instant death. “Let’s hang or shoot the !” said they. Movements were made to execute their threats and they only escaped with their lives by the interference of the rebel officers. If the rebel soldiers had had guns they would have been shot down on the spot. On their return to camp they informed us that it was the most perilous incident of their lives. This shows the animosity that existed toward those officers by the enemy, and those who were engaged in the raising and commanding these troops knew full well what their treatment would be if captured. On the twenty-seventh of July our regimental organization was complete. The most of our men were from plantations, and not being used to army diet and the river water, sickness soon began to make fearful havoc among them. We did not have enough of medical help. The commanding general would not relieve us from performing fatigue duties. Every man and every officer who was not sick was on duty every day. Our death rate soon began to be appall- ing. One day, in our regiment, twenty-two died, twenty-one on another, and on another eighteen. The dead were buried without coffins, in long, shal- low trenches, on the river bottom, about a mile or more below the outskirts of the city limits. It was difficult for the surgeons to tell who the men were and to what company they belonged, — they all looked about alike to them, — and to ascertain they tied a ticket to each man’s neck bearing his name and company. In a few weeks after organizing the health of the regiment improved. There were in the United States army 178,895 colored soldiers and of this number 93,441 enlisted from the states in rebellion. These troops were as brave in battle as men could be. The writer was in several engagements with them and saw no cowardice whatever; they faced any and all dangers willingly and gladly. In the battle at Milliken’s Bend, on June 7, 1863, between about a thousand of our forces, consisting mostly of colored troops, and double that number of rebels, General Dennis said: “It was the hardest fought battle he had ever seen. It was fought mainly hand to hand. Many men were found dead with bayonet stabs and others with their skulls broken open with muskets. It is impossible for men to show greater gallantry than the negro troops in this fight.” (24, 1, 95.) And Grant in his letter to Halleck (24. 3, 547) says: “The negro troops are easier to preserve dis- cipline among than our white troops and I doubt not will prove equally good for garrison duty. All that have been tried have fought bravely. ’ ’ 182 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 The following named persons were discharged at different times from our regiment and entered this branch of the service: Thomas P. Wilson, commissary sergeant, was promoted to first lieutenant and quartermaster Eleventh Louisiana Infantry (afterward numbered the Forty-ninth United States Colored Infantry), which he helped to organize. Major Wilson’s record is given in the volunteer staff. He was brevetted major at the end of the war, and has served as quartemaster general of Min- nesota since Nov. 10, 1871. Francis E. Collins, quartermaster sergeant, promoted to first lieutenant Eleventh Louisiana In- fantry, and helped to organize the regiment; resigned in 1863. Augustus Pintler of Company I promoted to lieutenant Elev- enth Louisiana Infantry; he helped to organize the regiment. Thomas F. Sturtevant of Company F promoted to first lieuten- ant Company C, Forty-ninth United States Colored Infantry, Feb. 6, 1864. John Id. Thurston of Company C promoted to quartermaster sergeant Forty-ninth United States Colored In- fantry, and also first lieutenant and adjutant of the same regi- ment; resigned in the fall of 1864, and then acted as clerk for Capt. T. P. Wilson until the close of the war. Wm. H. Hall of Compan}^ D promoted to commissary sergeant Forty- ninth United States Colored Infantry, and first lieutenant and quartermaster of the same regiment; during the last year of his service was ordnance officer on the staff of Gen. P. J. Oster- haus; finally mustered out March 22, 1866. Julius F. Putnam of Company I promoted, Oct. 31, 1864, to first lieutenant Forty-second United States Colored Infantry. Robert S. Don- aldson, captain of Company C, promoted, July 24, 1863, at Vicksburg, to lieutenant colonel Twelfth Louisiana Infantry (afterward numbered Fiftieth United States Colored Infantry); helped to organize the regiment; promoted and transferred to Sixty-fourth United States Colored Infantry in July, 1865; was detailed in the Bureau of Refugee Freedmen and Abandoned Lands as superintendent in charge of the northern half of Mis- sissippi, with headquarters at Jackson; finalty mustered out of service March 17, 1866. Ebenezer M. Broughton of Company H, on July 24, 1863, at Vicksburg, was promoted to captain of Company E, Twelfth Louisiana Infantry, or Fiftieth United 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 183 States Colored Infantry, and helped to organize the company and regiment; he resigned at Vicksburg on Aug. 29, 1864, by reason of sunstroke received at the battle of Raymond on May 12, 1863. Joseph Meyer of Company G, on July 24, 1863, at Vicksburg, was promoted to second lieutenant Company E, Twelfth Louisiana Infantry, or Fiftieth United States Colored Infantry, and helped to organize the company and regiment; he resigned in 1864, at Vicksburg. Robert P. Miller of Com- pany K promoted July 27, 1863, at Vicksburg, to second lieu- tenant of Company K, Twelfth Louisiana Infantry, or Fiftieth United States Colored Infantry, and helped to organize the com- pany and regiment; resigned Feb. 1, 1864. John A. Davis of Company C promoted, Dec. 31, 1863, to second lieutenant Company F, Fiftieth United States Colored Infantry; resigned in 1864. ZinaB. Chatfield of Company A was for a short time in the Twelfth Louisiana Infantry and then, on Sept. 7, 1863, was promoted to captain in the Fifty-eighth United States Col- ored Infantry. Calvin Amidon of Company C promoted to first sergeant of Company I, Twelfth Louisiana Infantry, at Vicks- burg, and died before being commissioned an officer. The first or orderly sergeants of these colored regiments were white sol- diers who were transferred to these regiments, and generally had to serve but a short time before they were promoted to com- missioned officers. April 19th — Sunday . — Our regiment received four months’ pay to-day. A comrade writes: In the months of March and April the smallpox broke out in our army, which lay at Young’s Point, and as the men would take the deadly complaint they were placed on a steamboat and taken to Milliken’s Bend, twelve miles above the point, the same boat bringing the dead every morning in order to bury them in the levee, that being the only dry land to be found, as the levees were cut and the country overflowed with water from the Mississippi river. I have seen the rough board caskets piled up on the bank like dry goods boxes. The levee was full of dead soldiers, and the provisions and feed had to be hauled on this mound, and the wagon wheels would cut down to the boxes in which the boys were laid. Every morning the “ Dead March ” would be played and some- times one hundred would be laid to rest. April 23d — Thursday . — The following named steamboats were prepared and protected as the others had been, and each 184 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 one with two barges, one lashed on each side, and all loaded with supplies, ran the batteries of Vicksburg again last night (the twenty-second) : Tigress, Moderator, Empire City, Hori- zon, J. W. Cheesman and Anglo-Saxon. The Moderator and Empire City were disabled and the latter was towed by the Cheesman to Hard Times Landing. The flagship Tigress was disabled and sunk on our side of the river as she struck the bank below. We marched to Richmond, La., fifteen miles, to-day. Very hot. Poor roads. Plenty of water. We left all of our tents and much of our baggage behind at the river. April 25th — Saturday. — Marched nine miles. Started at 5:00 o’clock p. M. Camped on the Llolmes plantation. Hot. Clear. Plenty of water. Poor roads. The Seventy-second Illinois were left behind at Richmond. April 26th — Sunday. — Marched ten miles to Smith’s planta- tion. It rained all night. We are camped in an old corn field, and the mud is awful. We are about two miles from New Carthage, La. Our wagon trains went to Milliken’s Bend for rations, etc. April 27th — Monday. — Our division did not move for the reason that General Logan’s division did not get past during the day, the roads being next to impassable. April 28th — Tuesday. — Our whole division moved together at 6:00 A. m., and during the day marched through the mud four miles. It rained and the mud is very deep. We have only one team along with che regiment. Empty wagons get stuck and fourteen span of horses were pulling a caisson through the mud. We had to step in the tracks of the men ahead of us. We left our wagon train and, tents at Smith’s plantation in charge of Lieut. S. F. Brown of Company I) and A. L. Brown of Company B, acting commissary sergeant, who is unwell. April 29th — Wednesday. — Marched six miles and bivouacked near a bayou. Hot and clear. At Grand Gulf General Grant’s memoirs state: At 8:00 o’clock A. M., April 29th, Porter made the attack with his entire strength present — eight gunboats. For nearly five and a half hours the attack was kept up without silencing a single gun of the enemy. I occupied a 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 185 tug from which I could see the effect of the battle on both sides, within range of the enemy’s guns, but a small tug without armament was not cal- culated to attract the fire of batteries while they were being assailed them- selves. About half-past one the fleet withdrew, seeing their efforts were un- availing. The enemy ceased firing as soon as we withdrew. I immediately signaled the admiral and went aboard his ship. The navy lost in this engage- ment eighteen killed and fifty-six wounded. Admiral Porter, in his “Incidents of the Civil War,” says: It was as hard a fight as occurred during the war. For more than five hours the gunboats engaged the enemy’s batteries at close quarters, the latter having thirteen heavy guns placed on commanding heights from eighty to one hundred and twenty feet above the river. We lost seventy-five men in killed and wounded and silenced all the enemy’s guns. The reader will notice a slight difference of opinion as to the guns having been silenced. General McClernaud’s troops were all embarked on trans- ports at Hard Times, about three miles above Grand Gulf, with the intention to have them disembark, storm and carry the works at Grand Gulf as soon as the gunboats silenced the batteries, which were supported by several thousand Con- federate troops under Gen. John S. Bowen. At dusk Mc- Clernand’s troops were landed on the Louisiana shore and in the night marched inland down the river below Grand Gulf. The gunboats and transports with the barges all ran by the batteries before midnight. On the morning of the thirtieth McClernand’s troops embarked at De Shroon’s plantation, about four miles below Grand Gulf, and were being landed at noon at Bruinsburg, six miles below. The landing was about two miles from the foot of the bluffs, where the road ascended through a deep long cut. After receiving a small supply of rations McClernand’s force was moved as rapidly as possible to the top of the bluffs, and passing on for several miles, at 2:00 A. M. of May 1st his advance met the troops of General Bowen, who was apparently pushing on toward Bru- insburg. These they drove back a short distance to a fork in the road and then awaited daylight. As soon after daylight as the lines could be formed, the battle of Thompson’s Hill or Port Gibson was begun, not far from Magnolia Churcb. Our forces in this battle were McClernand’s corps, with J. E. Smith’s 186 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 and Stevenson’s brigades of Logan’s division as supports, and numbered about nineteen thousand men. The enemy’s force was about eight thousand. April 30th — Thursday. — McArthur’s division of the Seven- teenth Corps is left to guard our lines from Milliken’s Bend to Perkins’ plantation. Marched to Hard Times Landing [popu- lation, 1880, 285] on the Mississippi river. Heard the gun- boats bombarding Grand Gulf yesterday. Hot and clear. Marched twenty-one miles to-day. Returns for the Month of April, 1863. — Total enlisted men, 664; aggregate, 699; aggregate last month, 713; enlisted present for duty, 347; on extra and daily duty, 44; sick, 15; total enlisted present, 406. Commissioned officers present for duty, 22; on extra and daily duty, 1; sick, 1 ; total 24. Remarks. — D. M. G. Murphy, commissioned regimeutal quartermaster April 9, 1863, from second lieutenant Company G. Peter Hansen, Company A, ab- sent, sick, since Feb. 18, 1863. J. H. Donaldson, on special duty as regimental quartermaster. James C. Edson, on detached service in Minnesota since Feb. 17, 1863. May 1st — Friday. — Marched four miles to the Mississippi river below and opposite Grand Gulf. Embarked on the gun- boat Mound City and proceeded ten miles down and across the river, landing a short distance below the mouth of Bayou Pierre, at Bruinsburg, a landing where once stood a few houses, the chimneys of which are still standing. We marched about two miles inland on the bottom up the river, then turning to the right ascended the hill by a long deep cut in the road. Af- ter marching about five miles we formed line of battle across a road coming from toward Grand Gulf, on which the enemy, several thousand strong, are expected from Grand Gulf to turn McClernand’s left. We could hear the cannonading to-day at the battle of Port Gibson. It is warm. Roads good. Our wagons all behind. We moved to-day on foot and by boat eighteen miles. It is about thirteen miles from Bruinsburg to Port Gibson. The Mississippi river at this point is over a mile wide. There is not a house standing at Grand Gulf except the residence of Judge Maxwell on the bluff. Last night about eleven o’clock, as the steamboat Horizon was towing a barge loaded with an ammunition train across the river through the fog, she was run into, about five miles below Grand Gulf, by 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 187 the steamboat Moderator, which was coming up stream, and after running ashore on the Louisiana side, sunk, and Battery G, Second Illinois Light Artillery (Captain Sparrestrom), of Lo- gan’s division, was lost except a few 7 horses. Only two men were drowned. May £d — Saturday . — Marched eight or ten miles to Fort Gibson [population in 1880, 1,500] and stopped in town until the bridge across the South Fork of Bayou Pierre was repaired. Crossed at 5:00 p. M. and marched ten miles to the north branch of Bayou Pierre and bivouacked at 9:00 p. m. near Grindstone Ford. Good roads. Clear and warm. Bridge built in the night. We marched rapidly this evening and our men are much exhausted from loss of sleep and excessive fatigue. General Sanborn says : None of the colonels of this old division, which had done much to save Iuka and Corinth, having been promoted, and the generals being determined that none of it should be placed under the command of the brigadier generals who had received their promotion by hanging round Washington, after consultation with ns all and with our consent, a West Point graduate and splendid officer, Gen. M. M. Crocker [formerly colonel of the Thirteenth Iowa Infantry. — E d.] of Iowa, was assigned to the command of the division at Port Gibson, and with my old brigade I took the advance of the army and marched as far as the north branch of Bayou Pierre that afternoon and evening. The suspension bridge across this bayou was burning when we arrived. Some negroes were trying to ex- tinguish the flames, and with the aid of our troops soon did the work. The cooks of my mess had a serious time that night. No other mess wagons had come up. Some were still on the other side of the Mississippi. Before I was through General Crocker and the division staff came up for supper, and before he was through General McPherson and staff had come up and had no provisions for supper and had to be supplied, and before General McPherson and staff had been supplied General Grant and staff came up and had to eat at the same mess. It was fortunate that we had cooks and servants, otherwise no supply of provisions would have prevented a hungry night. The night was cold. Profound sleep to all (except the large detail to repair the bridge, which worked all night) followed the previous sleepless nights and weary days. We were sleeping in the open air and upon the ground. In a half-conscious state, the impression was made upon my mind that some intruder was punching my back with his knees and elbows. To such an extent did this proceed, that, being fully aroused, I made a great effort to expel the fellow, at the same time asking, “Who are you?” and a boyish or childish voice answered back, “lam Fred Grant; I am cold.” A larger share of the robe was furnished and greater quiet followed. 1S8 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 And Fred Grant says: I told them who I was, when one of them, Col. (afterward general) J. B. Sanborn, welcomed me kindly and loaned me part of his overcoat for a pillow. I remained there until nearly dawn, when, becoming very cold, I got up and went indoors; there I found a bed with two occupants, and I took the liberty of finding a place of rest between them. The next morning when I awoke I fouud that my bedfellows were two large negroes. I had slept well but had thought my quarters close. May 3d — Sunday. — Crossed the North Fork at 5:00 A. M. General Logan’s division was ahead and had some skirmishing. They formed line of battle but found no rebels in the woods. When we came to Forty Hills we took the advance and Gen- eral Logan’s division took the left on another road. We skirmished with the rebels (fought the battle of Forty Hills), and they retreated. We followed them to the Big Black at Hankinson’s Ferry, twenty miles from Vicksburg, and camped at sunset. Hot. Clear. Plenty of water and good roads. Marched eight miles to-day. Some shells were thrown across the river at us. We copy the following account from the letter of an officer: At 8:00 A. M. we came on the rear guard of the enemy with a battery of field- pieces. They had a strong position. Our battery was put in the road on the opposite hill and our brigade ordered forward to drive them out, while a part of General Logan’s forces went around to get in their rear. It was a terribly hot day. The Fifty ninth Indiana was thrown out as skirmishers. The Forty- eighth Indiana and Fourth Minnesota were formed behind them and ordered to advance while the batteries played on each other in good style. I was mounted by order of the colonel, and had to ride in range of the cannon-shot for several minutes while the ground was torn up under me and the trees cut about me. A few shells were thrown at the right of the regiment, but no dam- age was done, except Captain Thompson had a shin bruised by a piece of shell. The Fifty-ninth Indiana had one man killed and two wounded. We expected to be ordered to charge up the hill and if we had we should have gone over them, but they became aware of General Logan’s movements and sloped double- quick. Privates Eli Fawcett was killed and James W. Van Slyke of Company E, Fifty-ninth Indiana, was mortally wounded. Badeau, in his “ Military History of U. S. Grant,” says: Grant immediately detached one brigade of Logan’s division to the left, to engage the attention of the rebels there, while a heavy detail of McClernand’s troops were set to work rebuilding the bridge across the South Fork. * * * While this was doing, two brigades of Logan’s division forded the bayou and 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 189 marched on. * * * Meanwhile another division (Crocker’s) of McPher- son’s corps had been ferried across the Mississippi and had come np with the command. Grant now ordered McPherson to push across the bayou and attack the enemy in flank, now in full retreat through Willow Springs, demoralized and out of ammunition. McPherson started at once, and before night his two divisions had crossed the South Fork and marched to the North Fork, eight miles further on. They found the bridge at Grindstone Ford still burning, but the fire was extinguished and the bridge repaired in the night, the troops pass- ing over as soon as the last plank was laid. This was at 5:00 A. M. on the third. Before one brigade had finished crossing the enemy opened on the head of the column with artillery; but the command was at once deployed and the rebels soon fell back, their movement being intended only to cover the retreating force. McPherson followed rapidly, driving them through Willow Springs, and gained the cross-roads. Here Logan was directed to take the Grand Gulf road, while Crorker continued the direct pursuit. Skirmishing was kept up all day, the broken country, the narrow, tortuous roads and impassable ravines offering great facilities for this species of warfare. The enemy availed himself fully of every advantage, contesting the ground with great tenacity. This continued all the way to Hankinson’s Ferry on the Big Black river, fifteen miles from Port Gibson. Several hundred prisoners were taken in the pursuit. At four o’clock in the afternoon McPherson came up with the rebels, and Logan at the same time appearing on their right flank caused them to move precipi- tately toward the river. McPherson followed hard and arrived just as the last of the rebels was crossing and in time to prevent the destruction of the bridge. It being now dark and the enemy driven across the Big Black, the command was rested for the night. On the morning of the third it was discovered that Grand Gulf had been evacuated by the enemy, after burying or spik- ing his guns and blowing up his magazines, thirteen of his heavy guns falling into the hands of our forces. The bridge consisted of old flatboats. The enemy chopped holes along the sides and in the bottoms of these old flats; but by nailing boards along the sides and over the holes in the bottoms we were enabled to use them for crossing. The writer crossed several times on them. [Population Grand Gulf, 1880, 100; Rodney, 1880, 533.] May 4-th — Monday. — Last night our troops attempted to run two barges loaded with stores, with a tugboat between them, by Vicksburg; they were burned and twenty-four per- sons made prisoners. Among them were correspondents of the New York World and Tribune and Cincinnati Times. (24, 3, 827.) 190 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 The commissary stores were loaded to-day at Smith’s planta- tion and started for the regiment, leaving the tents and a guard until the teams could return for them. We went to Perkins’ plantation. Leaving the teams to return, the writer embarked on the steamboat Empire City to-day for Grand Gulf, about twenty miles below. Stayed at Grand Gulf all night. May 5th — Tuesday. — Started early, on foot, for the regiment at Haukinson’s Ferry, eighteen miles from Grand Gulf. Got to the regiment at dusk. Fred Du Toit had some nice cow peas cooked, which he gave us for supper, and we fared sumptu- ously on the peas and some fried hard bread. At roll call in the evening all of the orderly sergeants read General Mc- Pherson’s “pain and mortification order,” and for miles around could be heard, “It is with pain and mortification that the commanding general,” etc. It was an order against foraging and was read every night at tattoo or evening roll call. The orderly sergeants committed it to memory, so it could “be read ” after dark without a light. May 6th — Wednesday. — We found a grist mill and got the old miller, a freedman, to run it all night, grinding cornmeal for our regiment. May 7th — Thursday. — We marched down to the river and relieved a brigade guarding the river crossing. General Sher- man’s troops joined us at sundown. General Sherman, with ten regiments from Flair’s division on steamboats and eight gunboats, made a feint against Haines’ Bluff to hold the enemy at Vicksburg while our army was crossing the river below. The troops landed and the gunboats engaged the batteries. They remained two days and then withdrew. These demon- strations occurred on the thirtieth and thirty-first of April. May 8th — Friday. — Marched back to our old bivouac. Clear and warm. Many 9th — Saturday. — Marched up the south bank of Big Black river, twelve miles. Passed through Rocky Springs to Utica cross-roads, seven miles from Utica. May 10th — Sunday. — Marched through Utica to-day. [Popu- lation, 1880, 230.] Camped in a pine thicket. Good roads. Clear and warm. We are encamped on Mr. Week’s plan- tation. Marched ten miles. 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 191 May 11th — Monday. — Marched one and a half miles and camped in a field. An aid came around and told us that Gen- eral Crocker advised us to parch our corn, and he also in- formed us how much labor could be performed on that kind of diet. We are now living on corn in the ear, obtained in the country as we pass along. May 12th — Tuesday. — Marched toward Raymond at 4:00 p. m. Two miles from that town we formed line of battle in a corn field on the left of Logan’s division, which opened the battle about noon. The rebel artillery shelled our line The enemy retreated before we became engaged. We marched through the town and camped. Clear and hot. We had poor water to drink. Several of our men were sunstruck moving up so fast to get into the fight. The wounded were put into the Baptist church in the village. [Population, 1880, 448.] We marched eight miles to-day. About daybreak this morning the Third Division, under Brigadier General Logan, struck the advanced pickets of the enemy at Fourteen Mile creek, a small branch that empties into the Big Black. They belonged to the brigade of General Gregg, who has come with his troops to Raymond from Port Hudson to oppose Grant’s further progress. Logan’s division was engaged with the enemy at Raymond about three hours. The enemy left two cannon on the field and lost over five hun- dred men. Colonel Sanborn, in speaking of this battle in his official report, says: The only loss at Raymond in our brigade was one man of the Forty-eighth Indiana, wounded. After the action ceased the command marched through Raymond and bivouacked about one mile north of town. Here the Eighteenth Wisconsin joined my command, in place of the Seventy-second Illinois, left at Richmond, La., and transferred to General Ransom’s brigade. [Ransom’s bri- gade was in McArthur’s division of the Seventeenth Corps. — Ed.] May 13th — Wednesday . — Marched to Clinton (population, 1880, 569), about ten miles. A fine day. Camped across the railroad just outside of the town. As a sample specimen of our foraging we will say that we started out early this morning. The first place we stopped at was a fine two-story white house, 192 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 just in the edge of the town of Raymond, on the north side of the road, belonging to Dr. . The people had gone visit- ing. We got a large tin can, holding perhaps twenty-five gal- lons, full of lard, some cornmeal. meat and a jug of molasses. Some of the boys being of a literary turn of mind, borrowed a book or two. At another place we got sugar, “dead loads of it.” Then we came to a plantation where they raised hams and shoulders, and the proprietor kindly mounted into the upper regions of his smokehouse and passed down nearly a wagon load of the needful, and, “I suppose,” said he, “you will leave me, will you not, a part of these for my own use?” and he looked discouraged when informed that the presumption of our military law was, that he had buried his share before we came around and what was in sight belonged to us. While he was passing down the meat some of our boys got his oxen and yoked them up to his wagon, and so he furnished us with transportation also, as well as fresh beef when we got to camp. On the thirteenth I marched in rear of the Third Brigade on the road leading to Clinton, passed through the town and bivouacked one mile east of it, on the Jackson road, my line of battle this night running across the railroad and wagon road. Distance marched this day, nine miles. — [Sanborn’s Report.'] Battle of Jackson. May 14-th — Thursday . — Our troops are tearing up the rail- road in all directions. Here at Clinton is a Confederate hos- pital containing quite a large number of the enemy’s sick. Some of the boys found a tobacco and cigar factory, which furnished enough of the manufactured product for the whole division. It rained all night. This village is ten miles from Jack- son. About 8:00 A. M. struck the picket lines of the enemy. It rained hard nearly all the forenoon. We skirmished with the enemy until within about two miles from the citjL We formed our first line of battle to the right of the wagon road. We then moved up and formed another line and the Fourth Min- nesota was shifted to the left of the wagon road Our regiment was now in small timber, its right resting near the road. We were in the second line of battle here and supporting the Seventeenth Iowa, which was about twenty rods ahead of us, 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 193 in the woods. The McMurray Battery (M, First Missouri Light Artillery) stood in the road, and in an open field across (south of) the road was the balance of the Second and First brigades and Captain Dillon’s Sixth Wisconsin Battery, and ahead of us in the woods, on the left of the Seventeenth Iowa, was Boomer’s Third Brigade. The enemy planted a battery in the road and another in the orchard in front of the open field. The two lines of battle were about three-fourths of a mile apart when the enemy first opened fire from the orchard. Gen- eral McPherson and staff were near where our regiment filed from the road to go into the woods. General Logan soon rode up and said : “ What cannon are those over on the right? That must be Sherman pounding away ! ” McPherson replied: “I don’t know what that is over there, but I do know that this thing just ahead is a rebel line of battle. Form your command on the left and we will go for them.” Logan’s troops were just behind and he led them to the left and in a few minutes the enemy opened the battle. Our regi- ment, in the timber, was not engaged. We took the position assigned us and remained in it. The bullets flew thickly over- head, but we only had two men wounded — P. R. Taylor of Company F and J. H. Epler of Company K. We did not see the enemy through the timber. The fighting, however, was pretty lively, especially with the Seventeenth Iowa, and in the field across the road. Finally a charge was made and the enemy fled, taking their batteries with them. We then re- ceived orders and our regiment marched right oblique, through the timber and across the road, up by the large white house (Wright’s) on the enemy’s line of battle (and in which they had their wounded), through the orchard, and pushing over the garden picket fence halted to dress up our lines. We were now in plain sight of the enemy’s breastworks and could see their cannon in them. Our regiment was now in the front line of battle and a line of skirmishers was in front of us. Between us and the enemy’s intrenchments was an open field, having low ground in front of their works. JSTot a shot of any kind was fired at us. We soon learned that the rebels had not stopped at their intrenchments, 13 194 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 but had kept on through the city and across Pearl riverin great disorder. We now saw two horsemen going from our lines into the city, one of them carrying a flag, and in about an hour we got orders to march forward. We bivouacked for the night just inside of the intrenchments in the outskirts of the city. We found some of the cannon of the enemy still loaded. The com- missary department now began looking for supplies. Lieuten- ant Donaldson found some cornmeal at the prison and we killed our cattle. It was 2:00 o’clock a. m. before we had an opportunity to get a little sleep. The Confederate troops in this battle were composed mostly of the brigades of Gregg and Walker. General Gregg left a thin line of skirmishers and some artillerists in the line in front of General Sherman and moved the rest of his brigade over to the Clinton road and joined forces with General Walker in front of McPherson. Sherman captured ten cannon and about two hundred and fifty artillerists. General Logan’s division was in reserve and supporting Crocker, with Gen. J. D. Stevenson’s brigade on the left to outflank the enemy. This battle was fought on the farm of 0. P. Wright, whose buildings, hedges, fences and trees furnished shelter to the enemy. Sometime after this battle his dwelling was burned. Colonel Sanborn states in his report: My command marched from Clinton at 4:00 A. M. on the fourteenth, along the Jackson road toward Jackson, the Second Brigade leading the division and my hrigade (the First) following the Second. The enemy was drawn up in line of Battle in a strong position about two miles west of Jackson, his line of battle crossing the road at nearly right angles. I received orders to form my brigade on the right of the road, the two left regiments, the Fourth Minnesota and the Eighteenth Wisconsin, as reserve for the Second Brigade, already formed across the road, the other regiments, the Forty-eighth and Fifty-ninth Indiana, to the right of the Second Brigade, and to cover them from the fire of the enemy’s ar- tillery as much as possible. This disposition was immediately made. The troops were more exposed to the enemy’s artillery fire than was at first appre- hended and the Fourth Minnesota was immediately ordered to form on the left of the road and as a reserve to the Seventeenth Iowa of the Second Brigade. The other three regiments were moved close up under cover of the ridge occu- pied by the First Missouri Battery. This ridge was swept by the enemy’s fire, but as soon as the skirmishers deployed from the Fifty-ninth Indiana had ad- vanced far enough to ascertain that there was no enemy on the right flank I ordered the brigade forward across the first ridge, with instructions to halt when the line should reach the ravine beyond, which was about four hundred yards distant. This order was executed in the most satisfactory manner, the regi- Battle Ground at Jackson. Farm of 0 . P. Wright. At the time of the battle the feDce extended along by the side of the road and there was woods on the north side. Our regiment marched right-oblique across the road and to the south of Wright’s house, — since burned, — the two chimneys of which stand in the left foreground. The rebel line of battle was behind the buildings; they had a battery in the road and another to the south of the buildings in the orchard. 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 195 ments crossing the ridge in perfect line at a run, and reached the second ravine with a loss of not more than ten men. Shortly after reaching this position, the enemy’s main line of infantry was ascertained by the skirmishers in front of my brigade to be in the next ravine in front of his batteries, and soon com- menced driving back our line of skirmishers. I received the order from Gen- eral Crocker to fix bayonets and charge through the ravine, and all the way to the enemy’s batteries, if possible. This order was immediately communicated, and the whole line commenced advancing and moved forward irresistibly until the whole line of the enemy’s infantry was in full retreat and his batteries taken to the rear. This charge was one of the most splendid battle scenes that could be witnessed. The whole line, with banners unfurled, went forward at double-quick and with more regularity than at an ordinary battalion drill. The fleeing of the rebels in front and the sharpshooters who had been concealed behind cotton bales and in an old cotton-gin in front of the Fifty-ninth Indiana throwing out white handkerchiefs at every window and over every cotton bale, taken in connection with the novel spectacle presented by Captain Dillon’s battery charging forward close upon the line of infantry, made up a scene that can never be effaced from the mind of any who witnessed it and can never be properly represented on paper. After this charge the enemy immediately re- treated through Jackson and my command moved into the city over the enemy’s works, unmolested by a shot. Capt. L. B. Martin, assistant adjutant general on my staff, seized the flag of the Fifty-ninth Indiana, my leading regiment, and going far in advance of the skirmishers to the capitol raised it over the dome, where it remained until the regiment moved from the town; and Lieutenant Donaldson, aid-de-camp on my staff, riding also far in advance of the skirmishers to the vicinity of the prison, seized there a Confederate flag, made of double silk, that a cavalry company had apparently abandoned in its flight. On one side is the inscription, “Claiborne Rangers,” and on the other, “ Our Rights.” Col. Fred Grant states, in the National Tribune , under date of Jan. 7, 1887, that at the time the enemy broke in front of Sherman on the right of our lines, and Tuttle’s division charged over the enemy’s intrenchments, he rode into the city from that point alone and went to the statehouse. When he arrived there the retreating enemy was passing the building, but paid no heed to his presence, and he was the only Yankee around. Soon after the rebels had passed, he looked up the street in the same direction from whence they had come and discovered a man on horseback approaching carrying a Union flag. He appeared to be a captain, and passing young Grant, dismounted and entered the capitol building. Grant says: I was filled with great enthusiasm and followed him to the second floor of the building. When I bad looked about until quite satisfied I returned to the street, and looking up I saw the officer whom I had accompanied into the building high up in the dome or cupola raising this flag over this fallen city. 196 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 Grant then gives a minute description of Martin’s appear- ance, and continues: He must have anticipated some opposition to his enterprise, for when I rode up to meet him he avoided me, paid no heed to my salutations and darted past to gain the door of the capitol. By direction of General McPherson, Colonel Sanborn sent Capt. L. B. Martin with the flag. He was accompanied by Capt. Cornelius C. Cadle of General Crocker’s staff. Colonel Alexander of the Fifty-ninth sent a guard to protect the flag. — [ McPherson’s and Crocker’s Re-ports .] The following account of this battle was written by the cor- respondent of the Cincinnati Commercial. We extract: The battle of Jackson was won by a simple charge on the rebel forces. The details of the affair are as follows: The divisions commanded by Generals Logan and Crocker marched from Clinton this morning, General Crocker in the ad- vance. We expected to meet the enemy in force at least five miles from Jack- son. Our troops moved cautiously along, encountering the rebel cavalry pickets about three miles from Clinton. The pickets fell back rapidly until within three miles of Jackson, where we came upon their main force. The rebel position was a good one, on a gentle slope, with heavy timber in the rear and on either side. This line was nearly three miles long, of which the Seven- teenth Corps engaged about one-half, Sherman on the right gi ving his attention to the other half. On ascertaining the situation of the enemy Crocker ordered the First Missouri Battery of four Parrott guns into position to feel their artillery strength. A reply from three batteries was elicited before long, and an artillery duel commenced and was continued for upwards of half an hour without any decisive result to either side. The infantry was now ordered into action. The first move was a signally successful charge — a charge that should immortalize every participant and fill with pride the hearts of all who admire true courage and heroic devotion to the cause of the American Union. No pen can reproduce the impression made upon the minds and hearts of all who wit- nessed it. The imagination of the artist has equaled it — never excelled it. A mile of open space lay between us and the enemy, every part of which was controlled by the well-served artillery of the foe. The task before our brave soldiers was to form on a hill in face of this terrific fire and move forward to victory or death. The first brigade, underColonel Sanborn, consisting of the Fourth Minnesota, the Eighteenth Wisconsin, the Forty-eighth and Fifty-ninth Indiana, and the Second Brigade, under Colonel Holmes, consisting of the Seventeenth Iowa, the Tenth Missouri and the Eightieth Ohio, were selected for the bloody work. They formed in line and advanced steadily. They had two hills to ascend and descend; the shot and shell from the enemy’s batteries fell thick among them, threatening destruction to all; the lines began to waver; some hearts began to quail, as they approached the jaws of death; they halted for a few moments, 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 197 under cover of a hillside; words of encouragement were spoken by the com- manding officers; every man was nerved to the struggle. “Forward!” Again and again the long line of heroes ascended the heavy slope with colors flying and voices shouting. Three minutes of double-quicking, indifferent to the enfi- lading fire of canister and the fire of musketry at deadly range, commenced. An- other minute and our men sent up a loud shout of victory, as the defeated foe left the field in panic-stricken haste. All was over. Nearly two hundred Union soldiers had fallen, but the day was ours. The rebels retreated in hot haste before the two brigades of Crocker’s division. Our generals thought they had fallen back to a better position, and made every preparation for another attack upon them. The two divisions of McPherson’s corps followed them up closely in line of battle, expecting every moment to hear from them at a second stand- point. But while we thought they were forming for another struggle they were making the best of their way out of Jackson on the road leading to Canton, Miss. At about noon a heavy column of smoke arose from the beleaguered city. This might be a signal or it might be a large conflagration, we did not know which. We have since learned by observation that it was occa- sioned by the burning of the railroad depot, which was filled with army stores. General Sherman opened the ball on the right at about 9:00 o’clock A. M. I cannot speak in detail of his movements, as I did not witness them, being on the battle ground on the left all day. The part he took, however, can be judged from his casualty list, which is very small, only two or three killed and a pro- portionate number wounded, I believe. After the rout by Crocker’s men the rebels were panic-stricken all along the line. The rebels had ten thousand men in the fight. Had we postponed the engagement half a day they would have had twice that number, as re-enforcements were hourly expected. The Twenty- fourth South Carolina and Forty-sixth Georgia arrived last night from Charles- ton. They were eight days in coming. There were several regiments of Port Hudson troops in the fight. Our loss in killed and wounded will reach two hundred, all sustained during the charge. The Seventeenth Iowa lost heaviest. The rebel loss was less than ours, owing to the fact that they were under heavy cover, while our men were in an open field. We took probably one hundred prisoners. Gen. Joseph E. Johnston arrived in Jackson last night from Tennessee to direct affairs here. On learning the situation he expressed himself disgusted with Pemberton’s management and said he would have no hand in it as defeat was inevitable. Pemberton has been outgeneraled by Grant. He has had a heavy force at Big Black bridge, expecting an attack there, instead of strength- ening an important point like Jackson. There are no fortifications here except some feeble efforts made by Governor Pettus last winter, which are so situated that au attack on them would involve the destruction of the city. The citi- zens here are very loud in their denunciations of Pemberton and declare that he has sold the State of Mississippi to the enemy. We arrived in Jackson about three o’clock this afternoon. The citizens were very much agitated lest we should burn their town and do such other deeds as can only be conceived in the heart of a detested Yankee. We found a large number of tents pitched where the rebel camps had been, officers’ baggage in large quantities, etc., showing all the evidences of a precipitate retreat; also, five Parrott guns and about twenty gun carriages, caissons, etc. 198 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 Our losses in battle were: McPherson, 35 killed, 230 wounded; Sherman, 6 killed, 26 wounded and missing. The enemy lost 845 killed, wounded and captured. Our forces captured seventeen cannon and the enemy destroyed all of their stores. Of the killed and wounded, the Seventeenth Iowa, in our front, lost 16 killed and 64 wounded; Sanborn’s brigade lost 37 and Holmes’ brigade 215, out of about 1,000 men actually engaged; Boomer’s brigade, 11; Dillon’s Sixth Wisconsin Batter}', 2 wounded. Logan’s division met with no loss. (34,1,750.) [Population of Jackson, 1880, 5,205.] May loth — Friday . — We marched at daylight west. Passed through Clinton and camped about five miles beyond at dark. Marched fifteen miles to-day. Our men have no hardtack now, but make mush of cornmeal, which we got at the prison in Jackson and which they carry along in their oyster cans, and at every rest stop and eat mush. A soldier eating mush wants to eat every hour at least, as there seems to be no “rib- sticking” properties to it. After we left Jackson and as we were passing a farmhouse by the side of the road, a woman stood by the gate who wanted to see General Grant. She said that some of our boys had taken her cow, and she thought that if she could only see General Grant he would make them give it up. The general and his staff were just riding up and he was pointed out to her, but she would not believe that it was him, he was dressed so plainly. A staff officer was riding be- hind the rest, and as he was finely clad, she called to him, thinking he was the general and that we were fooling her. The officer rode up and pointed ahead to the general, saying, “That man there in the middle!” Then she believed, but he had passed. Champion Hills. May 16th — Saturday. — Started at 7:00 a. m. Soon heard heavy firing to the front. We got to the battlefield at 11:00 A. m. Sly says : At Baker’s creek or Champion Hills the regiment charged the rebels and drove them across the creek into the woods. The regiment got lost and had to return to our lines. I lost the regiment and went up the hill into the road in 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 199 the rear of the rebels, and could see large numbers of them over in the field. I returned across the creek, found a wounded man, and another man and I put him on to a litter and started to go behind Logan’s battery, when the rebels began shelling the battery very hard. The shells threw the dirt over us. We carried the wounded man to a ditch and laid down until the firing stopped some; then carried him back to the hospital. I returned to the regiment. After the rebels retreated we were in the road in the dark, and ahorse kicked another one and that made the men jump and cock their guns. There was some time consumed in getting everything in order again. We passed a rebel bat- tery piled up in the road between two gateposts, where the forward horses had got shot and the rest run onto them before they could stop. Camped late at night near the battlefield. On the night of the fifteenth, Gen. Alvin P. Hovey’s Twelfth Division of General McClernand’s corps rested near Bolton Station, and on the sixteenth was in the advance of McPher- son’s troops. Two roads diverge from the road extending from Raymond to Bolton and lead to Edward’s Station. Mc- Clernand’s other three divisions marched on these: Osterhaus’ Ninth, followed by Carr’s Fourteenth on the northern, and A. J. Smith’s Tenth on the southern. Blair’s division of Sherman’s Fifteenth Corps also marched in rear of Smith’s division. All were marching toward Edward’s Station, near which place it was expected to meet Pemberton and his army. Grant’s movements after crossing the Mississippi river had bewildered and misled Pemberton, who expected the Union general would have his base for supplies at Grand Gulf, or some other point on the river, accordingto the rules of military science, and oper- ate from that place against Vicksburg. He therefore kept his army on the defensive covering that city. After the battle at Raymond he concluded to attack Grant’s army and cut it off from its base. The Union army had no base. It was living off of the country. At 5:00 o’clock p.m. of the fifteenth, Pem- berton’s army marched from Edward’s Station toward Ray- mond and halted, at about 3:00 a. m. of the sixteenth, six miles from the place of starting. At 6:00 A. M. of the sixteenth a courier from Johnston arrived and informed Pemberton of the defeat at Jackson and instructed him to move to the north side of the railroad and join Johnston’s army as soon as possible near Canton. For this purpose Pemberton’s army had begun its retrograde movement over the same route it had traveled 200 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 when our advancing pickets on the Raymond roads opened a vigorous skirmish which, before half-past ten, had grown into a small battle. Midway, or Champion’s Hill, is equi-distant from Jackson and Vicksburg. It is a high promontory, sixty or seventy feet above the level of the surrounding country, bald on its top and mostly covered with woods which partly extend down its sides. Undulating fields extend to the north and northeast, and at its eastern base is a deep ravine with a thick growth of woods and tangled vines, which, running off to our right, terminated at Baker’s creek. The wagon road extending from Clinton to Edward’s Station, after passing the residence of Mr. Champion, turns southward and ascends the hill to its top on its eastern side, and then turning northwest descends it by a gentle de- clivity and then on to Baker’s creek, a little less than a mile away. Pemberton formed his three divisions into line by placing Gen. W. W. Boring’s on the right, Gen. John S. Bowen’s in the centre and Gen. Carter L. Stevenson’s on the left, which rested on the natural fortress, Champion’s Hill. This last division bore the brunt of the ensuing battle and consisted of four brigades and Waul’s Texas Legion, and was formed by placing Gen. Stephen D. Lee’s Alabama Brigade on the left, then Gen. A. Cumming’s Georgians on its right; then Rey- nold’s Tennesseeans; then Barton’s Georgia Brigade. The line of Lee and Cumming was formed on the crest of the hill, where the heaviest fighting subsequently occurred. The whole line of battle was about three miles long and crossed both of the Raymond roads. Along its entire eastern front the ground was a chaos of ravines, narrow hills with steep sides, and all was covered with a dense growth of wood and brush, except the narrow public road on which Osterhaus and Carr were marching, which wound, like a small serpent, over the ground, and along which it was impossible to see over a hundred yards. We doubt if the rebels could have selected in the state a field better suited to their purpose. At about 10:00 A. m. Hovey’s advance struck the skirmishers of Cumming and Lee. Hovey had two brigades. He formed 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 201 the one commanded by Col. James B. Slack on the left of the Clinton road, the other — Gen. George F. McGinnis’ — across the road and to its right. When General Logan came up he formed Gen. M. D. Leggett’s brigade on the right of McGin- nis’, Gen. John E. Smith’s on Leggett’s right and Gen. John D. Stevenson’s in reserve, behind the other two. Capt. Samuel De Golyer’s battery was placed two hundred yards in rear of Leggett, Rogers’ battery on Smith’s right and behind all, on a commanding ridge in the rear, Captain Williams’ Third Ohio Battery as a reserve. About 11:30 a. m. Ilovey’s troops advanced, opened the battle and were warmly supported by those under Logan, whose brigades were in the open field, about one thousand two hundred feet distant from the enemy. As our line advanced it became crescent-shaped, conforming to the shape of the hill in its front, whose sides were scarred by ravines which impeded the troops in their advance. ILovey’s men gallantly drove the enemy full six hundred yards, and scaled the heights, capturing eleven pieces of artillery and several hundred prisoners. The enemy rallied, was re-enforced by Bowen’s division and drove them back, taking back several of their cannon. The contest raged back and forth over the same ground. Meanwhile Logan’s men had been heavily en- gaged against the enemy, attacking them from the north. The ground in front of Leggett and Smith was hotly contested. Barton’s brigade and several batteries re-enforced Lee’s left and contested every foot. Stevenson’s troops during this engage- ment finally moved up on the right of Smith, drove the enemy from his chosen position and he retired under cover of a second ridge. In the meantime they had planted a battery in Stevenson’s front to open an enfilading fire on the other two brigades. Stevenson swung round his right, then charged, and driving the supports from the guns, captured five pieces, and having turned the left flank of the enemy, drove them on to the ground before Smith and Leggett, whose troops had been fighting desperately and suffering from a severe enfilading fire. A united effort of the three brigades finally resulted in the rout of the rebels in that part of the field, the capture of several more cannon and several hundreds of prisoners. 202 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 These movements carried Logan’s troops far to the right and in rear of the enemy and left a long interval on the right of Hovey. Quinby’s division, commanded by Crocker, being near at hand, with Boomer’s brigade in the advance, this bri- gade was, after some delay in getting an order from General Grant, sent into the gap next to Hovey, and soon after that the Fourth Minnesota and Fifty-ninth Indiana also went in on the right front and helped to till the space. By the time they had got into position Colonel Sanborn sent in the Forty-eighth Indiana and Eighteenth Wisconsin on the left fronton Hovey’s right. All of these troops were not sufficient to drive the enemy. It was a very critical period in the battle, and while Stevenson had turned the enemy’s left flank and cut off his retreat by the main roads, he seemed determined to turn ours at this point and cut our army in two. Grant, McPherson and their staffs were opposite the dangerously long interval which we did not have troops enough to fill. At about 3:00 P. m. Hovey sta- tioned sixteen guns belonging to the batteries of Schofield, Murdock and Dillon in the open field beyond a slight mound on his right. Colonel Holmes had come up with the Seven- teenth Iowa and Tenth Missouri on the double-quick through the stifling dust and burning sun. These regiments forced their way up the hill, driving the enemy before them, crowning its summit and retaking several of the guns Hovey’s troops had before taken and lost, and the sixteen guns opening a brisk cannonade, encouraged our men. The rebels soon broke and left the field. The battle was over by 4:00 P. M. and the enemy were marching across-lots and through the woods to make their escape. Stevenson’s brigade and De Golyer’s bat- tery started at once on the double-quick in pursuit on the Clin- ton road to head them off their rapid advance; a shell- ing by the battery and also the advance of Carr’s division of the Thirteenth Corps on the middle Raymond road prevented Loring’s division from crossing the creek. On finding they could not cross the stream by the bridges, because of the rapid advance of Logan’s troops, the divisions of Bowen and Steven- son crossed below at a ford. Loring’s troops remaining behind 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 203 to protect the rear were cut off, and after abandoning all of their artillery — and without the wagon train which contained their cooking utensils, which had crossed and gone toward Vicksburg — they made their escape by marching from thefieldin asouth- westerly direction, and then, by traveling through the woods and on by-roads, passed between Raymond and Utica, and on the evening of the seventeenth struck the railroad about twenty -live miles south of Jackson. We captured thirty pieces of artillery in this battle. LOSSES OF THE ARMY. Division. KILLED. Wounded. Missing. Total. 211 872 119 1,202 403 48 326 29 123 539 662 14 76 20 110 1 2 3 24 4 28 397 1,837 174 2,408 LOSSES OF CROCKER’S DIVISION. Brigade. Killed. Wounded. Missing. Total. 12 87 4 103 in 388 u 510 2 2 51 56 128 528 15 671 Quinby says he joined the army on the sixteenth, just as it was about to perform its part in the battle, and it was not deemed proper to relieve Crocker at that time. He resumed command of his division on the morning of the seventeenth. Holmes’ brigade w^as left behind to help clear up the battlefield. Colonel Sanborn states in his report: On the morning of the sixteenth I moved my command at an early hour along the road toward Bolton and Edward’s Depot, following the Third Brigade and Logan’s division. I had marched but an hour and a half when rapid firing of artillery in front again announced the presence of the enemy. My com- mand moved forward rapidly, and arrived upon the field about the time the engagement became general. I formed, as ordered, under cover of the woods at 204 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 the right of De Golyer’s battery and about four hundred yards distant. During this formation I was under a light fire of artillery and musketry, from which I lost a few officers and men. As soon as my command was reformed I received an order from General McPherson, commanding the corps, to send two regi- ments immediately to the support of De Golyer’s battery. I ordered forward the Fifty-ninth Indiana, with instructions to form on the left of the battery, and the Fourth Minnesota, with instructions to form on its right. This order was complied with in double-quick time, and about the same time the regi- ments were so formed the enemy commenced falling back at this point (the enemy’s left), and the regiments advanced, the Fourth Minnesota across the ravine, capturing 118 prisoners, and the Fifty-ninth Indiana into the ravine, bearing further to the left, the enemy’s line crossing the ravine diagonally at this point, capturing here the colors of the Forty-sixth Alabama Regiment [Sergt. John Ford, Company C, Fifty-ninth Indiana, captured them] and many prisoners. These regiments retained their positions on the right of our lines until the close of the engagement — about three hours. By the time these two regiments had got into position on the right and left of the battery I was ordered to take the other two of my command — the Forty eighth Indiana and Eighteenth Wisconsin — about one hundred rods to the east of the battery and form there in the edge of the woods in support of what seemed to be General Hovey’s right. The Forty-eighth Indiana Regiment immediately went into position under a most galling fire of musketry, and retained it for at least three hours and long after the regiments on its right and left had given way, and then fell back by my order a short distance to replen- ish ammunition only after it was exhausted, but stood like a wall of adamant wherever it was placed till the close of the engagement. The Eighteenth Wisconsin was moved from right to left and back two or three times, by order of the general commanding, as the attack was made more fiercely on either hand. The regiment moved with great promptness and held every position firmly until removed by orders. After this engagement ceased I moved for- ward on the Vicksburg road about three miles and bivouacked for the night. My loss in the action at Champion’s Hill is as follows: Command. Enlisted Men Killed. Wounded. Officers. Enlisted Men. 3 2 33 1 9 Fourth Minnesota i 1 i 2 3 5 5 46 Lieutenant Colonel Tourtellotte said, in liis official report: At Champion’s Hill, near Bolton, Miss., we came up to the line formed by Generals Hovey’s and Logan’s divisions, who were already engaging the ene- my. My regiment was placed on the right of a battery as a support therefor. Almost immediately, however, by order of General McPherson, my regiment 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 205 was ordered to hasten forward and assist the right of General Logan’s division, which was reported to be hard-pressed. The men threw their knapsacks and blankets from their shoulders and dashed forward in the direction indicated, at the double-quick step, up the hill, into the woods and upon a body of the enemy, of whom my regiment captured 118. Directly, finding myself some distance in front of and unsupported on either side by the line formed by the remainder of the troops, and finding that the enemy was massing a heavy force in front, I sent my adjutant to General McPherson to report our situation and ask for instructions. Almost at the same time the enemy opened upon us with artillery. I caused the men to lie down, where they remained, sheltered by the crest of the hill, until I received orders to draw the regiment back, so as to connect with the right of such troops as I found first in my rear. This was executed and the regiment formed on the right of Colonel Leggett’s brigade of General Logan’s division. Here we remained about an hour, when the line of march to the front was again resumed, when I joined my regiment to the bal- ance of Colonel Sanborn’s brigade. My loss in the regiment was Captain Thompson and Private Michael Dolan of Company E, both wounded, the cap- tain severely. We wrote to General Tourtellotte for his reason for threaten- ing to shoot the first man of his regiment at this battle who fired at the enemy, and under date of Oct. 18, 1887, he says: The circumstance of threatening to shoot our men at Champion’s Hill was this: As the Fourth came into line of battle that day, General Logan sent by staff officer to General McPherson, asking for re-enforcements. General Mc- Pherson immediately ordered our regiment forward and told the staff officer to direct me. The staff officer pointed out the direction and then left me. But Logan had gone to the right and our advance led us through a gap in our lines upon quite a body of the enemy. On our left we had gone quite beyond the first line of the enemy. I sent notice of our position to General McPherson and he directed me to move back to a hill in our rear, which I did. But meantime the enemy on our left broke and ran. The enemy in going to the rear were quite disorganized, and passing near our left and front I wished to capture them. My regiment commenced to fire upon the retreating enemy, some of whom threw down their guns and up their hands in token of surrender. Do you think I could allow such men to be fired upon? Two or three companies of the regiment were wheeled about to capture these retreating rebels, and 118 (perhaps more) were sent to the rear as prisoners. More might have been captured, but I did not think best to change front of my whole regiment when the enemy were in force on the other side of the road, and by extending our front further to the left we should have risked the shots from our own troops who had forced the enemy to retreat. When the fighting ceased we walked along the wooded hill and examined the artillery captured from the enemy, and, un- less mistaken, counted twenty-eight pieces which had been cap- 206 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 tured and which the enemy had abandoned in the road after taking away the horses. We saw one battery upon the brow of the hill. Some of the horses had been killed, and upon one of them sat its rider, — dead. The animal lay on the side of a sharp little slope so that the right leg of the rider was under its bod}' while the other was extended naturally, with the foot in the stirrup. He held the bridle rein in his right hand and with eyes wide open, as if looking to the front, sat upright in the saddle as naturally as if still alive. His features looked like marble, and he was apparently not over seventeen years of age. Near to this battery we counted fully a dozen ramrods that the soldiers had fired into the trees and which were fastened in them and sticking out, our men being apparently in too great a burry to remove the ramrods before firing. The enemy had evidently been driven from his guns before our regiment came on that part of the field. The residence of Mr. Champion — a two-story white frame on the left of the road where it turned up the hill — was used as one of the hospitals for our wounded. After our forces had left, the Confederates came and paroled the wounded. Capt. J. M. Thompson of Company E was anxious to save his sword and revolver, so he had his servant secrete them for him, and thus preserved them. He says he was the only one out of about two hundred who managed to save his arms. Captain Thompson writes, under date of March 22, 1888: I was shot through the body (left lung) at Champion’s Hill* and was reported by Surg. J. H. Murphy mortally wounded. When our army moved on to Vicksburg I was left with others reported as mortally wounded at Bowles’ plantation house. The rebels soon came up. Their surgeon reported me mor- tally wounded and left me within the rebel lines to die, and I was reported as dead in the St. Paul papers. I was paroled at the same plantation by Captain Terry of the Confederate service, and in September, 1863, was exchanged ; on Jan. 14, 1864, was promoted to first major of the Second Minnesota Cavalry and was mustered out at St. Paul, to take effect May 1, 1865. Bowles’ house was a log building on the south side of the main road and east of Champion’s house. [*This battle is called in the official war records Champion’s Hill, but with our men it was called Champion Hills. — Ed.] 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 207 On moving our regimental property from Smith’s plantation the teams were too heavily loaded and Corp. Leo Cook of Company B was detailed as one of the guards. The property was loaded on a steamboat at Hard Times. The captain of the boat told the guards that he would not leave until the next morning and ten of the boys camped on shore, but at daylight the boat had gone. The guards then marched down the river to opposite Grand Gulf, hoisted a flag of truce made of a shirt, and at about 4:00 o’clock p. m. a boat came and took them across the river. Cook got a pass from the commander of the post at Grand Gulf for eleven and they started to join the regiment. While eating dinner one day they were fired upon by the enemy, but fortu- nately, none of them were hit. They then left the main road going to Ray- mond and traveled on by-roads and through the woods, and by the advice of negroes managed to escape capture. They captured eleven stragglers of the enemy, turned them over to our cavalry and joined our army at the Big Black river; they were themselves then arrested as stragglers, but managed to run the guard and joined the regiment in rear of Vicksburg. — [Coofc’s Statement .] CHAPTER IX. At Edward’s Depot — Bridging the Big Black River — On to Vicksburg — De- scription of the Ground upon which the City is Built — Formation of the Lines — Assault on the Twenty-second of May; Incidents and Official Re- ports — Rebel Account — List of Our Casualties — Draw Our First Full Rations — March to Mechanicsburg and Return — Incidents of the Siege — Lifting Fort Hill — Wooden Mortars — Siege Batteries— Letter from Col- onel Offley — Rebel Ten-inch Mortar Shells — Coonskin’s Tower — Liquid Hardware as Canned Goods — Official Statement of Losses in Our Army from May 1 to July 4, 1863. May 17tli — Sunday. — Marched through Edward’s Depot [population, 1880, 421] to the Big Black river near by and camped about three miles east of the railroad bridge, be- tween the railroad and river. We marched six miles to-day. Heard the cannonading at the battle of the Big Black bridge. Clear and hot. Good roads and good water. We have lots of cotton here for beds. At night we were detailed and aided in building a bridge across the river at this point, and using cotton-gin and dwelling-house boards and timbers, we con- structed cribs which we filled with cotton bales and made a floating bridge 102 feet long. Capt. S. R. Tresilian, engineer officer of the Third Division, had supervision of the work. The enemy was found at the Big Black bridge in a strongly intrenched position, and almost immediately after our lines were formed our men assaulted and carried the works, captur- ing almost the entire rebel force prisoners, with all of their batteries and camp and garrison equipage that was on the west side of the stream. The Thirteenth Corps, Logan’s division, and Ransom’s brigade of McArthur’s division of the Seventeenth Corps crossed near to that place. The Fifteenth Corps crossed at Bridgeport, and all moved forward on the eighteenth to the lines at Vicksburg that evening. Several of the Forty-eighth Indiana boys built a fire and while making coffee used “an old abandoned shell ” that laid on the ground near by to help hold up their coffee kettle. The shell exploded but injured 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 209 no one. Joe Armes, Marvin Pond and J. F. Withee of Com- pany B of our regiment were standing near the fire at the time. Our five regimental teams left behind at Smith’s plan- tation overtook us to-day. May 18th — Monday . — The bridge was completed by 8:00 A. M., and the artillery and trains passed across the Big Black while we guarded the bridge. May 19th — Tuesday. — Formed line of battle at 5:00 p. m. The prisoners passed us. We crossed the river at 10:00 p. m. Tore up the bridge. Marched two miles and camped. Can hear cannonading at Vicksburg. On the morning; of the eighteenth my command, with the Third Brigade, crossed the river and moved forward toward Vicksburg. When about three miles west of the river I was ordered to return to the east side of the Big Black and remain there, guarding all trains coming up and the bridge until Colonel Holmes should come up from the battlefield with his brigade. I immediately returned, bivouacked my command on the same ground left in the morning and remained there till the evening of the nineteenth, when Colonel Holmes with his command came up and I again crossed the river and bivouacked about two miles west of it that night. On the twentieth came forward to the rear of Vicksburg, marching a distance of seventeen miles, with a most intense heat and suffocating dust all day. — [Sanborn's Report .] On the supposition that the enemy would not fight after their defeat at Champion’s Hill and the Big Black, General Grant ordered an assault on the works at Vicksburg at 2:00' p. M. of the nineteenth. It was made and our forces were repulsed. May £0th — Wednesday . — We marched eighteen miles to the rear of our lines, investing Vicksburg, and could hear skirmish- ing all day. Camped in a ravine two miles from the rebel works. Very hot and dusty. Our lines of communication were open to-day via Haines’ Bluff and the Yazoo river to the Mississippi river, and our army is being supplied with food from that place. May 21st — Thursday . — Road opened to Chickasaw Bayou. We were assigned to our position in the line of investment on the north of the railroad, and also north of the wagon road to Baldwin’s Ferry. General Logan’s division joins ours on the right. We are in the centre of the line south of Fort Hill, in a 14 210 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 deep ravine about half a mile from the rebel works. Spent bullets came over and wounded three men. Plenty of cane- brake. Hard to get around. We lie on the edge of the hill and cannot expose ourselves without being fired at. Hot and clear. No roads to or from our lines. Poor water. The bal- ance of McArthur’s division of the Seventeenth Corps that had been guarding our cracker line on the Louisiana side crossed the river at Warrenton, and to-day went into position on the line of investment extending from Hall’s Ferry road to the crest of the hill immediately on the river. It was subsequently relieved by Herron’s division. Description of The Ground. At the beginning of the siege the defenses were essentially the same as at its close, making the place an intrenched camp four miles long and two miles wide, the line of defense not following its windings, being seven miles long and well adapted to the ground. Perhaps the best idea of the ground around Vicksburg may be obtained by supposing that originally a plateau having from two hundred to three hundred feet elevation here reached the Mississippi. That the fine soil, which when cut vertically will remain so for years, has gradually been washed away by rains and streams till the plateau has disappeared, leaving in its place an intricate network of ravines and ridges, the latter everywhere sharp, and the former only having level bottoms when their streams become of some size. It has already been said that the soil when out vertically will remain so for years. For this reason the sides of the smaller and newer ravines were often so steep that their ascent was difficult to a footman unless he aided himself with his hands. The sides of the ravines were usually wooded, but near the enemy’s line the trees had been felled, forming in many places entanglements which under fire were absolutely im- passable. At Vicksburg the Mississippi river runs nearly south and the streams which enter it from the east run southwest. One such stream enters the river five miles below the city, and the dividing ridge which separates two of its branches was that on which the defensive line east of the city was placed. (24, 2, 169.) The Confederate troops defending Vicksburg consisted of Gen. M. L. Smith’s division, north of the city and in front of Gen. Frank Steele, composed of the brigades of Shoup, Bald- win, Vaughn and Buford; then General Forney’s division, with Moore’s and Hebert’s brigades. These were our old antagonists at luka and Corinth and in our front here. Then Stevenson’s division, composed of Burton’s, Cummings’, Lee’s Showing the front of the Seventh Division, Seventeenth Army Corps, with the Jackson wagon road and explosion at Fort Hill oi the right, and Battery Archer on the left. The meeting between Generals Grant and Pemberton was at the place represented by thi two small trees on the right near Fort Hill. 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 211 and Reynold’s brigades, these being on the right of their line toward the river from the railroad. Bowen’s division, com- posed of Green’s and Cochran’s brigades, was in reserve, General Waul’s cavalry being dismounted and acting with Stevenson’s division. The Confederates had along their line thirty-six siege guns and 128 cannon, besides forty-four heavy guns in batteries along the river. In the line of investment Steele’s division of Sherman’s corps rested its right on the Mississippi river above the city. On its left was Blair’s division, and during a part of the siege these two were supported by Tuttle’s division. Next on Blair’s left came Ransom’s brigade of McArthur’s divi- sion; then Logan’s division; next Quinby’s; then came Mc- Clernand’s corps, with A. J. Smith’s division covering Baldwin’s Ferry road, and south of the railroad the divisions of Carr, Osterhaus and Hovey. McArthur’s division, except Ransom’s brigade, on May 21st moved on to the line to the left of Hovey, but was withdrawn, and on the twenty-third of May took post in rear of Logan as reserve to McPherson’s corps. On May 24th Lauman’s division arrived from Memphis, was ferried across the river and joined on to Hovey’s left. On the eleventh of June General Herron’s division arrived from the north and completed the line of investment between Lauman’s troops and the Mississippi river below the city. An Unlucky Day. Badeau says: At three o’clock on the morning of the twenty-second the cannonade began from the land side. Every available gun was brought to bear on the works. Sharpshooters at the same time began their part of the action and nothing could be heard but continued shrieking of shells, the heavy booming of cannon and the sharp whiz of the minie-balls as they sped with fatal accuracy toward the devoted town. Vicksburg was encircled by a girdle of lire; on river and shore a line of mighty cannon poured destruction from their fiery throats, while the mortars played incessantly and made the heavens themselves seem to drop down malignant meteors on the rebellious stronghold. The bombard- ment was the most terrible during the siege, and continued without intermis- sion until nearly eleven o’clock, while the sharpshooters kept up such a rapid and galling fire that the rebel cannoneers could seldom rise to load their pieces. The enemy was thus able to make only ineffectual replies and the formation ol the columns of attack was undisturbed. 212 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 The assault cost the Union army three thousand in killed and wounded. May 22d — Friday. — At 3:00 A. m. our batteries opened. Our regiment advanced in single file at 9:00 a. m. till we got close to the rebel works and formed in line. The rebels could not hit us there. We came back past camp at 4:00 P. M. and went to help McClernand. Advanced up a ravine close to a rebel fort and got fifty-four killed and wounded. After dark we fell back to the railroad bridge. Hot. We quote from a letter from General Tourtellotte: An officer, not very well known in the regiment, deserves mention in yonr history — Maj. A. E. Welch. He was an excellent officer. He was a lieuten- ant in the First Minnesota and was appointed in the Fourth; but he was captured at Bull Run and not exchanged in time to join the Fourth. Be- fore the regiment went to the field Welch’s appointment was withdrawn and Baxter, senior captain, was appointed major. After a time Thomas and Baxter left the regiment and Welch returned to Minnesota from Libby Prison. The Governor of Minnesota then reappointed Welch as major and sent him to his regiment. I was then in command. The regiment had been in several battles, officers were desirous of promotion, and Welch was considered by some as a trespasser. He had but little tact to make friends or even acquaintances, but I necessarily came to know him well. He was honorable, brave and soldierly in the highest degree. He was sure to be respected by all who knew him. Well, the officers did not know him more than was necessary and did not wish to know him. He had stepped into their line of promotion, and I think he was actually disliked in the regiment until after our assault on Vicks- burg, when this incident occurred: The regiment with others was ordered to the support of General McClernand’s command. The regiment marched by fours, Major Welch in rear, as was proper. We reached our position, formed line and commenced firing on the enemy. I was too busy to notice the major’s absence, but presently someone asked me if I knew the major was killed. Then I heard someone call, “ Colonel Tourtellotte ! Where is Colonel Tourtel- lotte? ” and looking back in the direction from which the regiment had come I saw Major Welch approaching. His face and clothing were covered with blood, but he came up to me, saluted as on parade, and asked where he could be of most service. From that time on the whole regiment were proud of him. But that was his last fight, poor fellow! He had even then inflammation of the stomach, from which he died in hospital. His wound at Vicksburg came from a piece of shell, which knocked him down and stunned him. The general also says, in speaking of our regiment: I was and am very proud of my old regiment. I never saved them from work; I never saved them from danger when duty called them in; but I think the men understood that I protected them all I could, and they understood I did not save myself from work or danger. I remember before the assault on 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 213 Vicksburg the regiment was lying down and an officer came to me saying that it was the request of the regiment that I lie down too. Of course, my duty would not permit that, hut the incident was remembered. During the process of the assault a staff officer rode up fo the tent of General McPherson and reported, “ General Mc- Clernand has captured a part of the enemy’s line and cannot hold it unless he is supported.” He was informed that General McArthur had been ordered to support McClernand. The officer then rode away. Standing near enough to hear this conversation, I asked of the orderly who stood near the door who the officer was, and he replied, “ Lieutenant Colonel Forsyth of General McClernand’s staff.” In less than half an hour the same staff officer returned and reported that McAr- thur had not arrived and that help must be had at once. Our division was finally ordered to General McClernand’s support. Colonel Sanborn’s report says : On the twenty-first I moved my command into line of battle in front of the enemy’s works, deployed a line of skirmishers in front and remained in this position till the morning of the twenty-second. A general assault having been ordered upon the enemy’s works at 10:00 a. m. this day, I spent the night of the twenty-first, in connection with the lamented Colonel Boomer, command- ing the Third Brigade, reconnoitering for the best approaches for infantry to the enemy’s works in our front. It was ascertained that we could approach to within eighty yards under cover of the hills and form without great exposure to the men, and early on the morning of the twenty-second I moved my command into this position and formed in line of battle on the left of the Third Brigade. Badeau says : Benton’s and Burhridge’s brigades, the former in Carr’s, the latter in Smith’s division, now rushed forward and reached the ditch and slope of another little earthwork, planting their colors also on the outer slope. Captain White of the Chicago Mercantile Battery dragged forward one of his pieces by hand quite to the ditch, and double-shotting it fired into an embrasure, disabling a gun just ready to be discharged and scattering death among the rebel cannoneers. A detachment here got into the work, but the rebels rallied and captured every man. These were the only troops that actually carried or gained possession, even for a moment, of any portion of the enemy’s line. [White started with two guns; one got stuck on the way and it was abandoned. The men carried the ammunition in their haversacks. — E d.] * * * Grant’s loss had been great, both in killed and wounded. The hillsides were covered with the slain and with unfortunates who lay panting in the hot sun crying for water, which none 214 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 could bring them, and writhing in pain that might not be relieved; while the rebels, ensconced behind their lofty parapets, had suffered but little in com- parison. The national troops had everywhere shown the greatest individual bravery. Regiments in all three corps had planted their flags on the enemy’s works, where they still waved, the rebels unable or afraid to remove them. The brunt of the battle incident to the first assault was over in less than an hour and no substantial result had been attained. It was plain that Grant could not hope to succeed by assault. The author of “Cave Life” says; At four o’clock I was awakened by a perfect tumult in the air; the explo- sion of shrapnell and the rattling of shrapnell balls around us reminded me that my dangers and cares were not yet over. How rapidly and thickly the shells and minie-balls fell! Our little home stood the test nobly. We were in the first line of hills back of the heights that were fortified, and of course we felt the full force of the very energetic firing that was constantly kept up, and being so near many that passed over the first line of hills would fall directly around us. They were speaking of a charge that had been made, most gal- lantly, by General Burbridge and the Federal troops of his command on the Confederate intrenchments; they had rushed over the breastworks, driving out the Southern soldiers. The whole Confederate camp near the spot arose in a furious excitement, officers and men alike throwing hand-grenades down upon the intruders until they were forced to retire, after holding the place some lit- tle time. I was told that General Burbridge had laughingly remarked to a Confederate officer during the truce, that staying in the intrenchments in the hot sun and having hand-grenades thrown at him in profusion was as warm a work as he wished to undertake in one day. After the Federal troops left the intrenchments a hole was found in the loose earth of the breastworks that caused much amusement among the Confederate soldiers — a large hole where one of the Federals had literally burrowed his way out from the pits. “ I reckon he’s some kin to a mole,” sagely commented one of the soldiers. Colonel Sanborn’s report states: Colonel Boomer had some doubts as to his ability to carry the works on his front, and as to the works left in my front they could not be held if carried while those on my right were in possession of the enemy. I transferred to him for the purpose of this assault the Fifty-ninth Indiana Regiment, and de- ployed the Eighteenth Wisconsin along our whole front as skirmishers. These dispositions being made the commanders of regiments were ordered to advance upon the works immediately upon the movement commencing upon our right. For some reason the troops upon our right did not move, and I retained the same position with some loss till about three o’clock, when I received an order from General McPherson, through General Quinby, commanding division, to move at once, and vigorously, upon the works. A staff officer was dispatched immediately to the regimental commanders to communicate this order, but 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 215 before he had succeeded in doing so it was countermanded and I was ordered to move with all my command not deployed as skirmishers to the left to sup- port Major General McClernand. I immediately moved my command, with the exception of the Eighteenth Wisconsin, deployed as skirmishers, from its position some miles to the left and was then ordered by General Quinby to support General Burbridge’s brigade, then engaged in front of the enemy’s works. I immediately moved forward for that purpose under the direction of a staff officer, and was led up through a ravine that was raked to a consider- able extent by musketry and artillery to a point a few yards in rear of the line of General Burbridge’s brigade. I was informed by General Burbridge that the position close to the enemy’s works was not so exposed as the ravine, and he desired me to form near or in front of his line. I formed my brigade, the Fifty-ninth Indiana on the right, the Forty-eighth Indiana to the left and the Fourth Minnesota to the left of the Forty-eighth Indiana. The position seemed very much exposed and I lost several men during the formation. My command was exceedingly exhausted, having had no rest the night of the nineteenth, marching nearly twenty miles the twentieth, moving into camp the twenty-first and having been under fire or marching all this day to the time I moved to this position. One or two of the regiments had already lost thirty men during the day. As soon as my line was formed General Bur- bridge’s line gave way, and his troops left the ground, with the exception of one regiment, which remained to support the Fifty-ninth Indiana. The enemy was largely re-enforced and fired rapid and destructive volleys into my command, which were promptly returned, but the enemy having such high and strong works in front, it cannot be expected with much effect. Once or twice the enemy came over his works in large numbers and formed on my right, with the evident design of turning my right flank, but were promptly driven back by my command with much slaughter. I held this position for about two hours until dark, and having no support and seeing no reason why a position should be held at such sacrifice, which if lost could be recovered at any time by a line of skirmishers, unless the enemy should choose to fight us outside of his works, which could hardly be expected, however much desired, and there being no general officers on the ground, I ordered the position abandoned and my command to march back to the hill on the right of the railroad bridge and then form and rest for the night. In falling back Colonel Tourtellotte, Fourth Minnesota, took from the ground a piece of artillery that was in position within a few yards of the enemy’s works when my command went upon the ground and left there by the brigade then in position. The casualties in my command during this engagement, as the official lists will show, are greater than all the balance of the campaign, and it seems to me all for no good. Success was no better than defeat unless an assault was to be ordered, and I have not learned that such a thing was thought of, and if thought of was preposterous unless made by both brigades and in a most vigorous manner: and I can but feel that there was official misrepresentation or misconduct that led to this matter which requires investigation. I am compelled to say this much in my report of this engagement by eloquent voices coming from the 216 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 tombs of many of the most brave of my command, fallen in that fruitless struggle under the enemy’s works. The following are my losses in this en- gagement : Regiment. Killed. Wounded. Missing. COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Fifty-ninth Indiana 1 4 X Fortv -eighth Indiana 0 1 0 Eighteenth Wisconsin 0 2 0 1 7 0 ENLISTED MEN. Fifty-ninth Indiana 10 95 1 Forty-eighth Indiana 9 23 1 Eighteenth Wisconsin 5 9 0 Fourth Minnesota 11 35 0 Total 37 176 3 On the morning of the twenty-third I moved my command forward about four hundred yards and formed, with one regiment on my right in rear of the right of General Burbridge’s brigade and two regiments in prolongation of his right, which position was occupied but a few hours, when my command moved back to the ground it left on the morning of the twenty-second, where it now remains. The conduct of all the officers and men of my command daring the entire campaign has been more than satisfactory — it has been most gallant and praiseworthy. There has been no shirking and no desire to shirk on the part of either officers or men, and I have not found, or even heard of, a man out of his position in battle or on the march. I know not how soldiers could do more. Capt. L. B. Martin, assistant adjutant general, and Lieutenants John S. Akin and James H. Donaldson, aids-de-camp, have conducted themselves in the most gallant and faithful manner and deserve special mention. The living are rewarded by the consciousness of having done all that human nature is capable of to suppress a most wicked rebellion and to preserve order and good govern- ment for themselves and posterity. But, alas, for the patriotic and gallant dead! No languageof mine can do justice to their virtues. May some Macaulay or Bancroft recite in interesting narration their hardships, endurance, patriot- ism, valor and achievements, and some modern Homer or Yirgil live to sing them in heroic verse. John B. Sanborn, Colonel , Commanding. Lieut. Col. W. T. Clark , Assistant Adjutant General , Seventeenth Army Corps. LIST OF KILLED AND WOUNDED OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT, MINNESOTA VOLUNTEERS, AT THE BATTLES OF JACKSON, CHAMPION HILLS AND AT THE ASSAULT ON VICKSBURG, MISS. Jackson, Miss., May 14, 1863. Names. Rank. Com- pany. Remarks. F Wounded; slightly; in hip. Wounded ; severely. K 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 217 Champion Hills, Miss., May 16, 1863. Names. Rank. Com- pany. Remarks. E E through body. Wounded in arm; severely. Vicksburg, Miss., May 22, 1863. “ Come from the four winds, oh, breath! and breathe upon these slain that they may live.” — Ezekiel, xxxvii. 9. Commissioned Officers Killed — Clark Turner 1st Lieutenant. i Wounded in left side; severely; G. G. Sherbrooke 2d Lieutenant.. K died on May 26th. Died on May 23d. Commissioned Officers Wounded — A. E. Welch In face with shell; slightly. In foot ; slightly. In shoulder; slightly. S. F. Brown 1st Lieutenant. D Abner St. Cyr 1st Lieutenant. G In leg. I In left hand ; slightly. In side; slightly. John D. Hunt 2d Lieutenant.. I Enlisted Men Killed — Rufus L. Applin First Sergeant.. B Shot through head and shoulder. c D D D Shot through the head. J. M. H. Flin E G H Wounded severely ; taken prisoner and died. Peter Gouthier I K Robert P. Tifft K K Died May 23d. Enlisted Men Wounded — B Lost a leg; died. In face; slightly. In shoulder; slightly. In leg; slightly. In leg; slightly. Slight fracture of skull ; died. In foot; slightly. In shoulder; severely. Right thigh ; severely. Slightly. Slightly. B B B B A A A A c c c D Right arm broken and amputated. In right leg. D E Henry R. Loomis F In left breast; through left lung; severely. In shoulder; slightly. In right elbow. Enoch Croy F George Hansen Sergeant G G In head and shoulder; severely. In leg; slightly. Joseph Roi Private G James Blair G In shoulder; severely. In head ; slightly. In head ; slightly. In left leg; severely. In side; slightly. In shoulder; severely. In head ; slightly. In side ; severely. In hand; slightly. In hand; slightly. In hip. Arm broken and in hip slightly; died, August 2d, of these wounds. In elbow ; severely. In hand ; slightly. H H Charles L. Dresser H James W. Arnold H John Magnus H Fred Elling H James C. Haines I Henrv L. Gish i Aaron S. Bragg I R. S. Perkins .7 K Wm. H. Bogart K K Samuel Schutz K 218 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 The foregoing is the official list. Since writing these records we learn that William M. Davis of Company I was also slightly wounded on the twenty-second; Richard McLagan of Company G was wounded in leg at Jackson, R. A. Wheeler of Com- pany D was wounded by shell at Vicksburg in June and George W. Wetherell of Company C by a piece of shell on May 22d. The sword belt of Lieut. D. M. G. Murphy was cut by a piece of shell. He was one of the bravest officers on the field. It has been reported to us by members of Company A that Fred E. Du Toit of that company stood up on the works of the enemy, in plain sight, and loaded and fired his gun several times, and that three bullets passed through his cap. Augustus Parrett of Company A says that when John Hunter of Company B was wounded he took him up in his arms and carried him to the rear to a place of safety. Our hospital was in a farm building, which stood some distance in the rear of the Battery Logan siege guns and which was afterward torn down to furnish material to build the lookout tower in front of Fort Hill, platforms for siege guns, etc. Comrade Hunter was conveyed to that building, and after his leg had been amputated Ed. Nichols of Company B and the writer placed him in the ambulance that conveyed him to Chickasaw Bayou, at which point our wounded were placed on hospital boats. That was the last time we met our dear comrade, who was respected and beloved by all of us. At this time Sergt. C. A. Sherwin of Company A stood near us. He had been struck in the forehead by a piece of shell, but did not seem to be much injured, although his eyes looked inflamed. We re- quested him to go to the building and place himself under the surgeon’s care, but he declined, saying, “Oh! I can’t, as long as there are so many who are injured much more than I am.” Inflammation set in and he died at Memphis on June 11th. We copied the following extract, from a letter written by Capt. L. B. Martin of Company E to Lieut. T. B. Hunt, from the St. Paul Press : The campaign has been the most brilliant one ever made on this continent, and the future historian will so record it. General Grant has shown himself 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 219 the ablest strategist of them all, and there is but one voice here now: “We are all Grant men.” I called twice and spent all the time I could with poor Sherbrooke. He lived about twenty-two hours after being shot. When I called first he took my hand. Said he: “I am about to go off the stage of action. I do not fear death ; only I dislike leaving a wife and three children helpless.” He told me all he wished me to do for him. Said he: “Old Company K fought splendidly.” And so they did, my old company! It suffered more than any in the regiment. Poor fellow, he knew he was going to die, but a braver man on his death-bed you never saw. Report op Lieut. Col. John E. Tourtellotte, Fourth Min- nesota Infantry, First Brigade, Including Operations April 23 to May 22, 1863. In Camp, near Vicksburg, Miss., May 23, 1863. Sir: I have the honor to report, that on April 23d last my regiment, to- gether with other parts of the army, started from Milliken’s Bend, La., on an expedition to the rear of Vicksburg, Miss., where we are now lying. To reach this place we marched via Richmond, Hard Times Landing, La. (where we crossed and went down the stream of the Mississippi river ten miles, landing on the Mississippi side at Bruinsburg), Port Gibson, Miss., Hankinson’s Ferry (on the Black river), Rocky Springs, Utica, Raymond Clinton, Jackson, Champion Hills (near Bolton), Edward’s Station, crossing the Black river near plantation and arriving in front of the enemy’s works in rear of Vicksburg on May 21st. To accomplish this we have marched a distance of more than two hundred miles. At Smith’s plantation, some twenty-five miles from Milliken’s Bend, all army regimental teams (six in number) excepting one were ordered back to Milliken’s Bend, from which place they were used in carrying ammunition for the use of the Seventeenth Army Corps, and were so employed for several days. When relieved from such duty they were for sev- eral days unable to cross the Mississippi river, so that during the entire march from Smith’s plantation, Louisiana, April 26th, to plantation on the Black river, May 17th, the only government transportation of any kind with the regiment was two ambulances, one medicine wagon and one six-mule team. The men carried their knapsacks, blankets, rations and sixty rounds of ammunition. The six-mule team carried a few boxes of ammunition, the blankets and pro- visions of the officers and such supplies for the men as the regimental quarter- master was able to secure along our route. On said march we have drawn rations from the government as follows: We took with us five days’ rations from Milliken’s Bend. On or about May 1st we drew four days’ rations of hard bread alone. May 4th we drew three-fifth rations of hard bread, sugar and tea for five days, beyond which time, up to May 17th, all rations used by the regi- ment and all forage used by regimental horses and mules were secured by the regimental quartermaster in the country through which we passed. The ra- tions procured by the quartermaster for the regiment consisted chiefly of sugar, molasses, salt, cornmeal and bacon. On May 17th the five regimental teams 220 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 left behind overtook us, bringing five days’ part rations of hard bread, flour, sugar and coffee. May 23d we drew full rations for the first time since leaving Milliken’s Bend. We met the enemy for the first time on this expedition on the third instant, about ten miles from Port Gibson, on the road to Hankinson’s Ferry. Here the regiment was formed in line of battle on the right of the road, and advanced in this manner for some distance under a brisk fire of the enemy’s artillery. The regiment received no injury, the enemy hastily re- tiring. We advanced by the flank to Hankinson’s Ferry on the Black river, remaining at that place for several days. On May 12th we heard firing in front, and on arriving near the town of Raymond the regiment formed in line of battle on the left of General Logan’s division, which was already in line. In this position we remained an hour as support for a battery of artillery. That evening we passed through and encamped near the town. On May 14th, on the road from Clinton to Jackson and when about two miles from the latter place, we met the enemy in strong force and immediately formed a line on the right of the road. Soon, however, the regiment was or- dered to take position on the left of the road with its right resting thereon and to support the Seventeenth Iowa in charging the rebel lines. The enemy fled before the charge, and the regiment, with the others of Quinby’s division, en- tered the town. Loss of the regiment was two wounded. * * * On May 21st we formed line in front of the enemy’s woiks in rear of Vicksburg. On the morning of the twenty-second, at ten o’clock, by order from General Grant the assault was ordered upon the fortifications around Vicksburg. My regiment, with the Forty-eighth Indiana for reserve and support, was ordered to charge upon one of the enemy’s forts just in front as soon as I should see a charge made upon the fort next on my right. All preparations were made and we were waiting for the signal to advance when I was directed not to advance until further orders. While awaiting such orders our brigade was directed to proceed to the support of General Burbridge’s brigade of General McCler- nand’s army corps on our left. The Forty-eighth Indiana and Fourth Minne- sota Infantry were tnoved into position in front of the rebel works, where Gen- eral Burbridge was already engaged. No sooner had we taken such position than General Burbridge withdrew his brigade from the action. Under a di- rect fire from the fort in front and a heavy cross fire from a fort on our right the regiment pressed forward up to and even on the enemy’s works. In this position, contending for the possession of the rebel earthworks before us, the regiment remained for two hours, when it became daik and I was ordered by Colonel Sanborn to withdraw the regiment. Noticing a field-piece which had been lifted up the hill by maiu strength and had apparently been used by General Burbridge in attempting to batter down the walls of the fort, but which he had left behind when he withdrew his brigade, I sent Company C to draw the piece from the ground and down the hill. [Colonel Donaldson, then captain of Company C, on reading this, states that it is error; that. with, out any instructions whatever, he directed his company to pull the gun off the field and down the ravine far enough for the batterymen to hitch to it; and the colonel has referred us to witnesses. We will only remark that both state- ments are undoubtedly correct. — E d.] This being safely executed I moved 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 221 the regiment by the left flank from their position and down the hill. We bivouacked about eighty rods from the place of action. In this action the regi- ment suffered severely, losing some of its best officers and men — twelve were killed and forty-two were wounded. The next morning we were formed in line to support the right of General Burbridge. No engagement coming on, we moved in the afternoon to the position occupied on the twenty-first. During the whole of this expedition, through many embarrassments, drenching rains> muddy roads, without rations, without shelter, carrying heavy loads and sev- eral times under heavy fire from the enemy, the regiment has deported them- selves to my entire satisfaction. I hope and believe that their conduct has been satisfactory to yourself and to others still higher in authority. I might mention worthy names, but that would be clearly wrong when all or nearly all have attempted to do their whole duty. It shall be a matter of pride with us, that not only were we present but assisted in accomplishing this expedition. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. E. Touktellotte, Lieutenant Colonel , Commanding Regiment. Capt. J. B. Martin, Acting Assistant Adjutant General, First Brigade, Seventh Di- vision, Seventeenth Army Corps. May 23d — Saturday . — We drew full rations of everything while we lay near the railroad bridge at the foot of the ravine. Marched up the ravine a short distance and in the afternoon returned to our camp. Dug wells and built shades and cots of canebrake. When the regiment crossed the river at Bruins- burg, on May 1st, it received four days’ rations of hardtack alone, and on the fourth of May three-fifths rations of hard- tack, sugar and tea alone; the rest was foraged from the haver- sacks of dead rebels and from the country through which we passed, until to-day we drew the first full rations we have drawn since April 23d. May 25th — Monday . — Adjutant Kittredge being wounded in the foot left the regiment to-day for Haines’ Bluff. A flag of truce came to our lines and hostilities ceased for two or three hours to bury the dead. On the failure to capture the works of the enemy on the twenty-second, Grant requested of Pemberton a cessation of hostilities to bury the dead and re- move the wounded, but it was refused. We copy the follow- ing from Confederate sources: “Afterward the effluvia from the dead bodies became so intolerable that he (Pemberton) was obliged to ask a truce and request the Federal officers to bury their dead,” and from 3:00 to 8:00 o’clock p. m. the time was devoted to that purpose. 222 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 We quote the following from “Cave Life:” I was distressed to hear of a young Federal lieutenant who had been se- verely wounded and left on the field by his comrades, lie had lived in this condition from Saturday until Monday, lying in the burning sun without water or food; and the men on both sides could witness the agony of the life thus prolonged, without the power to assist him in any way. I was glad in- deed when I heard the poor man had died on Monday morning. Another sol- dier, left on the field, badly wounded in the leg, had begged most piteously for water, and lying near the Confederate intrenchments his cries were all directed to the Confederate soldiers. The firing was heaviest where he lay, and it would have been at the risk of a life to have gone to him; yet a Confederate soldier asked and obtained leave to carry water to him and stood and fauned him in the midst of the firing while he drank eagerly from the heroic soldier’s canteen. On May 26th General Grant sent a force of about twelve thousand men, consisting of six brigades from six different divisions of infantry (three from the Fifteenth, in command of General Mower and three from the Seventeenth Corps, in com- mand of General McArthur), and a force of cavalry and some artillery, and all under the command ofMaj. Gen. F. P. Blair, Jr., with seven days’ rations and one hundred and fifty’’ rounds of ammunition, as a corps of observation and to drive off any force it might meet; also, on its return march to destroy all stock, forage, roads, bridges and grist mills, and in fact any- thing upon which the army of Gen. Joe Johnston could main- tain itself in attempting to raise the siege of Vicksburg. May 26th — Monday . — Started at ten o’clock at night and marched toward Haines’ Bluff, seven miles on the ridge road (Benton road) and camped. Very dusty. Poor water. About daylight General Leggett came up with his brigade and an hour or two later Gen. Frank P. Blair came up with a bri- gade of his command (Gen. Joe Mower’s), and being the officer highest in rank had command of the whole force. General Leggett on reaching Mechanicsburg was directed to return in person to Vicksburg by General Grant, who needed bis ser- vices. He turned over his command to the next in rank and returned from the expedition. May 27th — Tuesday . — Marched toward Haines’ Bluff. Turned off on the Benton road. Marched fifteen miles. Dusty and hot. Men fell out in the afternoon all along the road and came in in the night. 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 223 On this day, at Vicksburg, the ironclad gunboat Cincinnati was sunk. We quote from “ Cave Life : ” At ten or twelve o’clock, we saw, in spite of the continued falling of the shells, gentlemen hurrying toward the river. Soon we heard the Confederate river batteries booming loudly and then all was silent. What could it mean? I did not venture to look without, and so I sat waiting for someone to come to me. At last a friend appeared, who, in the most triumphant manner, told us that the Confederates had routed the Federal fleet. The gunboats had formed in line of battle, sailing down majestically with the Cincinnati — one of the finest boats in the river navy — leading the attack. She came rapidly down around the point of the peninsula, the signal gun silent, when the battery, containing the Brooks gun [Whistling Dick. — -E d.] opened on her as she came within range. The first shot cut down the flag, the second struck her side, and the third, the Brooks ball with the steel wedge, cut into the iron plates near the water’s edge. She turned immediately and steamed hack up the river in a sinking condition. The remaining boats also changed their course and retired. The Cincinnati had scarcely turned the point when she sank near the shore. The major also told us that many ladies had been so much interested in the ex- pected engagement, that they had gone up on Sky Parlor hill for a better view. It has been said that the Federal guns have never been sufficiently ele- vated to throw shell and shot so high as Sky Parlor hill; yet I should not like to risk my life for mere curiosity’s sake, when it was not possible to he of any service. The Sky Parlor hill is so called from its extreme height, being a por- tion of the bluff that stood where the principal commercial street now stands, the grading of the city having taken most of the elevation down. The hill now occupies about a square — the distance of two squares from the river — and is a prominent feature from all parts of the city. A rugged drive winds on one side up the steep ascent, and a long and dizzy flight of wooden steps ascend from the street on the opposite side. The view — and that is what the place is visited for — is good, both of the city and river, for some miles above. Crowds of people collect here on the occasion of any move being made in the direction of the river. Captain Green, in his book, “The Mississippi,” says: Just after the assault of May 22d it was thought that by bringing gun- boats to enfilade the batteries on Fort Hill (Sky Parlor) that position might he carried. At Sherman’s request, Porter gave the necessary orders, and on the morning of May 27th the Cincinnati came down to engage these batteries. At the same time four vessels which were below the city engaged the batteries near the Marine Hospital. The Cincinnati was shot through and through by the plunging fire from Fort Hill, and in less than half an hour five of her guns were disabled and she was in a sinking condition. She was run toward the shore about a mile north of Fort Hill and sunk in three fathoms of water. Thirty-six of her crew were killed, wounded or drowned. [The hill known to the Seventeenth Army Corps as Fort Hill was not the hill here designated, but was in front of the line of investment, back from the city, on the wagon road to 224 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 Jackson. The guns of the Cincinnati were removed and some of them placed in battery on the extreme right of our line, in Gen. Frank Steele’s command, but could not he elevated sufficiently to be of much use against the frowning heights of Sky Parlor. — Ed.] May 28 th — Wednesday. — Marched fifteen miles. Camped on a creek. Hot. Clear. Good road. May 29th — Thursday. — Marched fifteen miles to Mechanics- burg. Camped north of the town. Hot. Clear. This town has a drug store and three or four buildings. At about 1:30 o’clock p. m. our advance encountered four or five hundred of the enemy’s cavalry. Our battery gave them a few shots and they skedaddled. No loss on either side, as they did not stop to fight. At this place we leave the road going north and are to turn west to the bottoms of the Yazoo river. May 30th. — Saturday. — Marched to Satartia on the Yazoo river bottoms; then down the river toward Haines’ Bluff. Passed large plantations. Corn very high. Hot. Good roads and good water. Foraged a good saddle at a plantation just at the top of the bluff. The cotton-gins, mills and bridges are burned and all supplies are destroyed that we cannot take with us, so that Johnston’s army cannot be supported here. Marched ten miles to-day. May 31st — Sunday. — We march up on the bluffs and then on the bottoms. We stopped to-day to rest at the Roach planta- tion and it had the finest houses that we have seen on any plan- tation in the South — two large two-story frame residences for the planter and overseer. The negro quarters are all brick buildings, with brick sidewalks between them. [A year after this time all of these buildings were burned by the enemy and all improvements on the place destroyed. — Ed.] Marched to Haynes’ Bluff and rested a little and then toward Snyder’s Bluff. We marched up a ravine with a creek in it. The men all fell out and went to the creek. It was terribly hot. Only a few men in the regiment got in to stack arms, but were scat- tered all along the road and came in during the night. We marched fourteen miles to-day. Return for the Month of May , 1862. — Total enlisted men, 664; aggregate, 676; last month, 699; enlisted men present for duty, 309; on extra and daily duty, 52; sick, 21 ; total enlisted present, 382. Commissioned officers present 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 225 for duty, 16; sick, 1; total, 17. Ou this return, made June 9th for the month of May, we find reported — 52 mules, 12 horses, 8 army wagons, 1 medicine wagon and 2 ambulances. Remarks. — Distance marched during the month, ninety miles. James H. Donaldson, on Colonel Sanborn’s staff since May 11, 1863. Company A — Peter Hansen’s resignation accepted April 25, 1863. June 3d — Wednesday — On this day Brig. Gen. John E. Smith (formerly colonel of the Forty-fifth Illinois and from Galena, 111.), commanding the First Brigade in Logan’s Third Division, was assigned to the command of our Seventh Divi- sion, Seventeenth Army Corps. June 4-th — Thursday . — Left Haines’ Bluff and marched twelve miles toour old camp in the rear of Vicksburg. Before we left camp this morning General Blair put out a guard across the road to seize all extra horses and mules on which soldiers were riding. Some of us got around the guard by going around the bluff and saved our horses. The Eightieth Ohio, having been detached at Champion’s Hill to escort prisoners going to Memphis, rejoined the Second Brigade to-day. Our regiment went on the picket lines several times this month. In the night we go up on the hill and watch the shells from the mortar boats as they ascend and fall into the city. The rebels have a rifled cannon that fires an elongated shell that makes a horrible noise as it passes over our camp in the ravine. Brig. Gen. John E. Smith took command of our division and General Quinby, because of poor health, started for the North to-day. Headquarters Seventh Division, Seventeenth Army Corps, June 7, 1863. Special Orders, No. 97: First — The officers, non-commissioned officers and privates, announced in Special Orders, No. 23, from Secretary of War, dated Milliken’s Bend. La., May 8, 1863, as officers of the Twelfth Louisiana Volunteers of African descent, will report to Charles A. Gilchrist of that regiment for duty. By order of Brigadier General Smith. (Official.) M. Rochester, Assistant Adjutant General. L. B. Martin , Acting Assistant Adjutant General. Headquarters, Fourth Minnesota Infantry, Camp, near Vicksburg, Miss., June 10, 1863. In compliance with the above order Capt. R. S. Donaldson of Company C, Fourth Minnesota Infantry, will report to Charles A. Gilchrist for duty. By order of Lieut. Col. J. E. Tourtellotte, commanding regiment. W. W. Rich, 15 Acting Adjutant. 226 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 A. L. Brown of Company B and E. M. Broughton of Com- pany H left our regiment in compliance with this order on June 8th. We will state that Adjt. Gen. Lorenzo Thomas of the United States Army remained at Millilcen’s Bend and other points on the river, on the little steamboat Rocket, issu- ing orders and instructions in regard to organizing the freed- men into regiments, and issued his orders in the name of the Secretary of War. June 10th — Wednesday . — Captain Young of Company A re- signed to-day and Lieut. E. U. Russell takes command of the company. The rebels began firing ten-inch shells to-day from a mortar planted in a ravine south of Fort Hill; they are trying to hit and dismount our nine-inch siege guns at Bat- tery Logan. June 14-th — Sunday. — Gen. John G. Parke with two divisions of Burnside's Ninth Corps arrived. These troops are loaded down with baggage and wonder how we get along with so lit- tle, but admire our scant supply and say that if the Potomac army ivas stripped as ours is it would be more effective. July 18th — Thursday . — General Grant relieved General Mc- Clernand of the command of the Thirteenth Corps this evening and ordered him to report in person in Illinois and by letter to the adjutant general at Washington. [General Grant states that he relieved McClernand because of publishing in Northern papers a fulsome congratulatory order which was ■complained of by McPherson and Sherman. The reader, by referring to Badeau, Vol. I, p. 667, can read this order, and also the correspondence on the subject. — E d.] Maj. Gen. E. 0. C. Ord took command of Major General McClernand’s Sixteenth Corps. June <20th — Saturday . — There was a grand bombardment of the rebel works and city by the land and naval forces. It was a grand sight. The rapid discharge of artillery, shells from the gunboats and mortar barges, and the rattle of musketry on both sides made a din and uproar seldom equaled, but the citi- zens and soldiers being protected by bomb proofs and caves did not suffer much loss of life. Our lines are now drawing 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 227 close to those of the enemy and we have run parallels up near to them. Saps and mines have been run under several of their forts. June — Wednesday . — Our regiment went into the rifle-pits this morning. Lieut. D. L. Wellman of Company H was to- day assigned to duty as acting regimental adjutant in place ot Lieutenant Kittredge, wounded. We now have only six line officers present for duty in the regiment. June 25th — Thursday . — Lieut. Lev. Wellman of Company C had command of five companies to-day, he being the senior officer present. It was 102 degrees above zero to-day in the shade. We have been paid for March and April. One man of Company C was shot in the shoulder this afternoon. Some of our hoys have been out visiting Burnside’s troops, who are guarding our rear over north of the Jackson wagon road in the direction of Haines’ Bluff. At 3:00 P. M. a mine was sprung under Fort Hill on the Jackson road by Logan’s troops, who undermined it, and a desperate attempt was made to capture the line at that point. The explosion blew off the top of the hill and left a cone-shaped crater about thirty-five feet in diam- eter, into which the Forty-fifth Illinois rushed and planted their colors on the bank, the enemy holding their side of it. The fighting at this point lasted all night, our men lying on the edge of the slope and firing over as the guns were loaded and handed up to them. The enemy kept throwing hand-grenades among our men, who also threw grenades back, and when our grenades had all been expended, a caisson filled with ten-pound shells was run up the ditch excavated in the road to the front and our men would light the fuse and throw them over. The following named regiments each in its turn also helped hold the crater until the morning of the twenty-sixth: The Twen- tieth Illinois, Thirty-first Illinois, Fifty-sixth Illinois, Twenty- third Indiana, Thirty -first Illinois; and then the Forty-fifth Illinois and One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Illinois held it until 5:00 o'clock p. M. of the twenty-eighth. (24, 2, 294.) On the night of the twenty-fifth we stood near to Battery Logan at midnight and saw bj T the glare of the explosions our flag spread to the breeze above our brave boys who were fighting on the bank of the crater. 228 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 Colonel Raum’s report states: By orders of Gen. J. E. Smith, the Seventeenth Iowa and Fifty-sixth Illinois, under command of Col. Clark R. Weaver, reported to Major General Logan, and during a part of the night they occupied the sap and partial breach made by Logan’s division, with a loss of fifty-four men. The headquarters of General Logan during the siege was on the south side of and but a few rods from the Jackson road, seven hundred yards in front of Fort Hill, in a tent, and between his tent and the road was planted in a redoubt two nine-inch Dahlgren siege guns that had been brought up from Admiral Porter’s gunboats. The heav} 7 guns in Logan’s line were placed in position on May 21st and another battery was also planted that day near the same point. Systematic operations were commenced on that day by completing the protecting parapets and platforms for the guns, and fixing the wagon road so that the dooryard of Mr. Sherley’s house, which was in front and on the north side of the road, could be reached without much exposure. By the twenty-eighth our men had dug a canal eight feet wide and five feet deep in the middle of the road and piled up the dirt on its side, making a parapet and banquette. It was deep enough so a person could walk upright in it and be secure from danger. Captain Tresilian, engineer otficer of Logan’s division, had three wooden mortars constructed of short oak logs, banded with iron, — one six-pounder and two twelve- pounders, — put them into position about one hundred yards from Fort Hill, and the shell being loaded with heavy bursting charges, and the exact range being obtained, made fearful havoc when fired among the enemy. These moftars made no loud noise. The enemy’s ten-inch mortar in a ravine south of Fort Hill troubled us a good deal. They were trying to get the range of our siege guns. A puff of white smoke would be seen above where the mortar was placed, when, “Look out! there comes another!” could be heard, and a shell would be seen slowly rising, its burning fuse showing a dim streak of white smoke, and after reaching the limit of its ascension, its downward course would be with great speed. At night its burning fuse • 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 229 would reveal the course of its flight. On one occasion General Logan and his staff stood in a group just in rear of those siege guns, watching one of the shells as it slowly rose, turned very gracefully, and a moment after the general exclaimed, “Look out!” when it came down and entered the ground in their very midst. A lieutenant dodged and fell flat and the ex- plosion covered him over with dirt. No person was injured, as the pieces flew out of the ground on a sharp angle. The officer as he lay upon the ground could not have been over four feet from where the missile entered. The writer was also standing near by at the time. Captain Offley, the officer at the guns, elevated them, put in light charges and dropped a few shells into that ravine, and for a time the mortar ceased, but it was not silenced. Battery Logan. The following letter, written to us under date of May 9tb, 1888, explains itself: During the siege of Vicksburg I was captain First United States Infantry and commanded the siege guns in front of Fort Hill and to the right of General Logan's tent. The battery was called “Battery Logan,” so named in orders by General McPherson, and consisted of two nine-inch Dahlgrens and two thirty-pounder Parrotts. I also had a battery of Missouri Light Artillery under my command. The siege guns were manned by Companies E and I, First United States Infantry. The Dahlgrens I got from one of the gunboats of the Mississippi squadron. The Parrotts were turned over to me after the capture of New Madrid, Mo., and were used during the siege of Island No. 10. My recollection is that the rebel mortar was a ten-inch. One of the shells from the mortar struck one of the Dahlgren guns just forward of the right-hand trunnion, making a large and deep dent, but did not injure the usefulness of the gun, as I fired it immediately as a mortar, when, finding it all right, used it afterwards up to the surrender of the city. On one or two occasions General Logan aimed one of the Dahlgrens. I had a corporal of the Missouri Light Ar- tillery named Young detailed on duty with my company, who had been a sailor in the navy and was an excellent shot, and I made him gunner. One of the shells from the rebel mortar exploded in the tent of General Logan’s chief of artillery, but not in General Logan’s. One day he and several others were standing just behind my battery when a shell from this mortar struck the ground between them, but did no injury to anyone. The powder and fuse being defective, but few of the shells exploded. The one that struck my gun had a piece of fuse sticking out of it at least a foot long, which was pulled out by one of my men and brought to me. My Dahlgren guns were about seven 230 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 hundred yards in front of Fort Hill, my Parrotts about five hundred yards. Just before the explosion at Fort Hill (June 2oth) I moved one of the Parrotts to about fifty yards from this fort, just alongside of the observatory built by the mau who was called “ Coonskin.” Yours truly, R. H. Offley, Lieutenant Colonel Seventeenth Infantry. The observatory was built on the north side of the approach on the Jackson road, between the white house (Sherley’s) and Fort Hill. It was built square, of fence rails and timbers, like a cob-house, with double walls tilled in with dirt, having steps inside, and it was hoped that from its top a view could be had of the enemy’s line, but it was not high enough. One day the writer was there and a comrade informed us that General Grant had just been up to the top; that when he approached, being dressed in his private’s uniform, which he very frequently wore in strolling around, a soldier who did not recognize him accosted him with a warning to keep down, which the general did not heed but still continued on his way. “Say!” said the man, “you old ! ! you had better keep down from there or you will get shot!” The general still paid no at- tention to him, but kept on, when one of the other soldiers informed the man who the person was that he had been addressing. Battery Archer, consisting of two heavy siege guns, in charge of Major Archer of the Seventeenth Iowa Infantry, was located in rear of the lines of the Seventh Division. Our army has in its different batteries in place on this date two hundred and twenty cannon. They are mostly light field-pieces. Eighty-nine forts and redoubts for cannon have been constructed. The average length of our trenches is twelve miles. On July 1st, about 1:00 p. m., we sprung another mine under Fort Hill, which destroyed the redan and left a large chasm, but our troops did not assault the works. During the siege intoxicating liquors of all kinds were pro- hibited from being brought into the army. One day our wagonmaster, Dan Foster, informed us that he had some excellent canned goods and exhibited some labeled “Peaches,” “ Tomatoes,” etc. On opening the cans they were found to contain liquors of various kinds, but from outside inspection 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 231 it would have been impossible to have ascertained their con- tents. Good table butter also comes to us in tin cans, the same as canned fruits. We quote from “ Cave Life: ” About this time the town was aroused by the arrival of a courier from General Johnston, who brought private dispatches to General Pemberton, the nature of which did not transpire; yet from the very silence of General Pem- berton, the officers augured the worst. The courier brought many letters to the inhabitants from friends without. His manner of entering the city was singular. Taking a skiff in the Yazoo, he proceeded to its confluence with the Mississippi, where he tied the little boat, entered the woods and awaited the night. At dark he took off his clothing, placed his dispatches securely within them, bound the package firmly to a plank, and going into the river he sus- tained his head above water by holding to the plank, and in this manner floated in the darkness through the fleet and on two miles down the river to Vicksburg, where his arrival was hailed as an event of great importance in the still life of the city. The hill opposite my cave might be called “Death’s Point,” from the number of animals that had been killed in eating the grass on the sides and summit. In all directions I can see the turf turned up from the shells that have gone plowing into the earth. Horses and mules that are tempted to mount the hill by the promise of grass that grows profusely there, invariably come limping down wounded, to die at the base, or are brought down dead from the summit. A certain number of mules are killed each day by the commissaries and are issued to the men, all of whom prefer the fresh meat, even though it be of mule, to the bacon and salt rations that they have eaten for so long a time without change. [The extracts from “ My Cave Life in Vicksburg,” written by a lady whose husband was a staff officer in Forney’s divi- sion of General Price’s army (rebel), are copied by permission of D. Appleton & Co. This lady occupied a cave between the Jackson and the Baldwin’s Ferry roads, in front of our divi- sion. — Ed.] Returns for the Month of June , 1863. — Total enlisted men present and ab- sent, 629; aggregate, 658; last month, 676; enlisted men present for duty, 291; on extra and daily duty, 46; sick, 56; total enlisted men present, 393. Com- missioned officers present for duty, 13; on extra and daily duty, 1; sick, 3; total commissioned officers, 17. Remarks . — June 1st, 2d and 3d, remained at Snyder’s Bluff. June 4th, marched ten miles to the lines at Vicksburg and encamped in the ravine occupied on May 31st, and are still on the same ground. Lieutenant Mor- rill of Company K and Private B. V. Robinson of Company C, wounded slightly sharpshooting in the front. Edson, sick in camp. C. L. Snyder, ab- sent, sick, In hospital at Memphis since April 11, 1863. Graham, sick in quar- ters. W. F. Wheeler, first lieutenant of Company F, returned to duty June 232 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 3, 1863. G. S. Patch, left, sick, at Memphis, Tenn., March 1, 1863. L. B. Martin, acting assistant adjutant general on Colonel Sanborn’s staff since Oct. 5, 1862. James M. Hubbard of Company F, discharged for disability June, 1863 (date not known); Thomas Fallon of Company B, discharged for disability, April 5, 1863, at Memphis, Tenn. Joseph A. Goding of Company B, quarter- master sergeant June 16, 1863. Frederick S. Wood waid, commissary sergeant June 16, 1863. Died of wounds — Charles A. Sherwin of Company A, June 11, 1863, at Memphis, Tenn.; Private John Magnus of Company H, June 15, 1863, of wounds received at Vicksburg. SUMMARY OF CASUALTIES IN THE UNION FORCES DURING THE OPERATIONS AGAINST VICKSBURG, MAY 1 TO JULY' 4, 1863. [War Records, v. 24, 2, 167.] Engagements. Battle of Port Gibson, Thompson’s Hill or Mag- nolia Church, May 1st Skirmish on the South Fork of Bayou Pierre May 2d Skirmish on the North Fork of Bayou Pierre at Willow Springs, Ingram’s Heights, Jones Cross-roads, Forty Hills and Hankinson’s Ferry, May 3d Engagement at Raymond, May 12th Skirmish on Fourteen Mile Creek, May 12th Engagement at Jackson, May 14t.h Battle of Champion’s Hill or Baker’s Creek, May 16th Engagement at Big Black River Bridge, May 17th Skirmish at Bridgeport, May 17th Skirmish about Vicksburg, May 18th, 20th and 21st Assault on Vicksburg, May 19th Assault on Vicksburg, May 22d Siege of Vicksburg, May 23d to July 4th Skirmish near Bear Creek, Mechanicsburg and other places Total., Killed. 98 130 1 59 6 40 383 40 147 465 96 1,416 Wounded 14 108 16 14 65 173 20 474 aS W 675 8 322 24 237 1,736 221 1 180 712 2, 377 399 29 6, 921 Captured or Missing. 35 7 183 3 146 6 443 875 1 10 422 30 300 2, 441 279 1 239 942 3, 199 530 73 9, 342 There were 29,491 prisoners captured at Vicksburg and 1,147 captured at Jackson, Natchez and Yazoo City; total, 30, 638 (24, 1, ’62); and over one hundred and seventy pieces of artillery were captured at Vicksburg. CHAPTER X. Roster of Our Division and Also of Logan’s Division — Flag of Truce — Surrender of Vicksburg— The Terms Accorded the Enemy — McPherson’s Congratula- tory Order — Standing on Fort Hill — Rebels Stacking Their Arms — Brass Band Plays at Sherley’s House — Colonel Strong’s Party Hoist the Flag of the Seventeenth Army Corps on the Courthouse — Letter from General Clark — The Troops Marching In; Sharing the Honors — Our Officers Pur- chase New Uniforms and Our Brigade was the First One to the Court- house — “Git Down Off Dat Mule” — A City of Caves — Extracts from the Wall Paper Edition of the Daily Citizen — Grant Caught His Rabbit — Remov- ing Street Barricades — Closing the River in 1861 — Our Regiment Moves In — Paroling the Rebel Army — Official Reports — On Provost Duty — List of Sick in Hospitals — Colonel Sanborn’s Farewell Order to His Brigade — We Go to Helena and to Memphis. Rosteb of the Seventh Division, Seventeenth Abmy Cobps, at the Beginning of the Siege of Vicksbueg, Beig. Gen. Isaac F. Quinby Commanding (Beig. Gen. John E. Smith Commanding feom June 3d). FIEST BEIGADE — COL. JOHN B. SANBOEN COMMANDING. Fifty-ninth Indiana, Col. Jesse I. Alexander. Forty-eighth Indiana, Col. Norman Eddy. Eighteenth Wisconsin, Col. Gabriel Bouck. Fourth Minnesota, Lieut. Col. John E. Tourtellotte (Col. J. B. Sanborn). SECOND BEIGADE — COL. GEEEN B. EAUM COMMANDING. Tenth Missouri (with Company F, Twenty-fourth Missouri attached, Maj. F. C. Deimling), Col. Samuel A. Holmes. Seventeenth Iowa, Lieut. Col. Clark B. Weaver (Col. D. B. Hillis). Eightieth Ohio, Maj. Pren. Metham (Col. M. H. Bartilson). Fifty-sixth Illinois, Capt. P. J. Welsh (Col. G. B. Raum). THIED BEIGADE — COL. GEOEGE B. BOOMEE COMMANDING. Tenth Iowa, Lieut. Col. Paris P. Henderson (Col. Wm. E. Small). Fifth Iowa, Lieut. Col. E. S. Sampson. Twenty-sixth Missouri, Lieut. Col. B. D. Dean (Col. G. B. Boomer). Ninety-third Illinois, Col. Holden Putnam. 234 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 ARTILLERY. First Missouri Light Artillery, Battery M, Lieut. Junius W. McMurray. Sixth Wisconsin Battery, Capt. Henry Dillon. Twelfth Wisconsin Battery, Capt. William Zeickerick. Eleventh Ohio Battery, Capt. Frank C. Sands (Lieut. F. E. Armstrong). CAVALRY. A detachment of Fourth Illinois. The roster of Logan’s Third Division during the siege of Vicksburg was as follows. It was the Third Division, Seven- teenth Corps: First Brigade. — Brig. Gen. M. D. Leggett commanding: Twentieth, Forty- tifth, Thirty-first and One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Illinois, and Twenty- Third Indiana. [This brigade was commanded by Gen. John E. Smith until June 3, 1863, when he was assigned to the command of the Seventh Division of the Seventeenth Corps, and Leggett, who had before commanded the Second Brigade, assigned to command the First. He was formerly colonel of the Sev- enty-eighth Ohio and General Smith was colonel of the Forty-fifth Illinois.] Second Brigade. — Col. M. F. Force commanding: Twentieth, Seventy- eighth and Sixty-eighth Ohio, and Thirtieth Illinois. [Colonel Force was colonel of the Twentieth Ohio. ] Third Brigade. — Brig. Gen. John D. Stevenson commanding: Eighth, Sev- enteenth and Eighty-first Illinois. Seventh Missouri and Thirty-Second Ohio. [Stevenson was formerly colonel of the Seventh Missouri.] Artillery. — Maj. C. J. Stolbrand commanding: Third Ohio, Capt. W. S. Williams; Eighth Michigan, Lieut. T. W. Lockwood (Captain De Golyer’s battery); Captain Sperrelstrom’s battery (G, Second Illinois Light Artillery); Capt. W. H. Bolton’s Chicago Battery (L, Second Illinois Artillery); Captain Yost’s battery (captured at Champion’s Hill from the enemy by the Thirty- Second Ohio). The First Brigade was located in and along the Jackson road in front of Fort Hill and Stevenson’s brigade south of the road. These two brigades operated against Fort Hill. On the twenty-second the Seventh Missouri planted its colors on the parapet of the fort and lost six color bearers. The saps, mines and operations against the fort were mainly performed by the First Brigade after Leggett took command of it, and in the attempt to hold the crater after the explosion of the mine, June 25th he was severely wounded, and on the morning of July 4th was assisted to mount his horse. 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 235 The Flag of Truce. W. J. Landrum, brigadier general United States Volunteers, Lancaster, Ky., says: In my address at the reunion, of the Cincinnati Society of ex- Army and Navy Officers, at the Burnet House, Jan. 12, 1882, in response to the toast, “Vicksburg and Its Siege,” I gave the following account of the flag of truce alluded to: On the third of July, under a flag of truce, General Bowen and Major Montgomery of the Confederate army appeared in our front and were escorted, blindfolded, to the headquarters of General Burbridge, who, being con- fined to his bed at the time, sent for me to assist in entertaining them during their stay. After entering the tent the handkerchiefs were removed, and they at once announced that they were the hearers of a communication from Gen- eral Pemberton to General Grant. Gen. A. J. Smith, the division commander, was then sent for, and upon his arrival and introduction to these officers he received the papers and started to the headquarters of General Grant. The time was pleasantly occupied during his absence in discussing the battles of Port Gibson, Baker’s Creek (Champion’s Hill) and other engagements, General Bowen especially talking freely and unreservedly about everything that had no reference to the siege. He complimented Admiral Farragut for his gallantry in running the blockade of Grand Gulf with his wooden fleet, and said that he was quite sure he had recognized the admiral and gave orders to his men un- der no circumstances to fire at him. He said that at the battle of Port Gibson he deceived McClernand as to his real strength by stretching out his command and making a company represent a regiment. Upon the return of General Smith with the reply of General Grant, General Bowen opened the envelope and read the communication, and remarked that a reply would be sent that night. They were again blindfolded, and Major Montgomery by a staff officer and General Bowen by myself were conducted through our works back to the Con- federate intrenchments. The bandages were removed at my suggestion as soon as we reached the few yards of disputed territory, and after lighting our cigars and a pleasant shake of the hand we separated with a friendly good-by. I do not remember what officer of General Burbridge’s brigade escorted the Confed- erate officers into our lines, but think it quite probable it was Major Leonard of the Ninety-sixth Ohio. They were not taken to General Grant and never left the tent of Burbridge during the time they were in our lines. Burbridge commanded the First Brigade of Gen. A. J. Smith’s division, while I com- manded the Second, our headquarters being within sixty or seventy yards of each other. The reply of General Grant was written on small note paper and was not read aloud by Bowen, hence we were left only to conjecture as to the object of their visit. I think something was said by Bowen indicating a desire on his part to have a personal interview with General Grant, and he was in« formed by General Smith that it could not be granted. The walking through the intrenchments was tiresome and worried Bowen considerably, and he ex- pressed great gratification at my removal of the handkerchiefs with which their eyes were bandaged. I was satisfied that the visit was with reference to a con- 236 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 templated surrender, though no allusion was made to that subject or to any- thing connected with the siege by anyone present during the interview, which lasted about an hour and a half. The distance between our headquarters and those of General Grant was about a mile, but General Smith was a very rapid rider. Bowen and Montgomery were handsome, well-formed men, fine conver- sationalists, and seemed to enjoy their visit. If they felt any chagrin or morti- ficition at the existing state of affairs they did not show it. On the contrary, they looked bright and cheerful, and were genial and interesting in their con- versation and bearing generally. From what I had seen of his management of troops I was impressed with the belief that General Bowen was not only one of the best of officers in Pemberton’s command, but one of the best in the Confed- erate army. The following is taken from “My Cave Life in Vicksburg:” On Saturday, July 3d, a painful calm prevailed. There had been a truce proclaimed, and so long had the constant firing been kept up that the stillness was absolutely oppressive At ten o’clock General Bowen passed by, dressed in full uniform, accompanied by Colonel Montgomery and preceded by a courier bearing a white flag. M came by and asked me if I would like a walk out; so I put on my bonnet and sallied forth beyond the terrace for the first time since I entered. On the hill above us the earth was literally covered with fragments of shell — Parrott, sbrapnell, canister — besides lead in all shapes and forms, and a long kind of solid shot, shaped like a small Parrott shell . Minie- balls lay in every direction, flattened, dented and bent from the contact with trees and pieces of wood in their flight. The grass seemed deadened — the ground plowed into furrows in many places; while, scattered over all, like giants’ pepper, in measureless quantity, were the shrapnell balls. I could now see how very near to the rifle-pits my cave lay; only a small ravine be- tween the two hills separated us. In about two hours General Bowen returned. No one knew, or seemed to know, why a truce had beeu made; but all believed that a treaty of surrender was pending. Nothing was talked about among the officers but the all-engrossing theme. Many wished to cut their way out and make the risk their own; but I secretly hoped that no such bloody hazard would be attempted. The next morning, Sunday, the fourth, M came up with a pale face, saying: “It’s all over! the white flag floats from our forts! Vicksburg has surrendered!” On July 3d a flag of truce and two rebel officers — Maj. Gen. J. S. Bowen and Captain Montgomery — came out of the enemy’s works, about 10:00 A. M., and the firing ceased. The troops got upon the works and talked to each other. The of- ficers were the bearers of a letter from Pemberton to Grant proposing an armistice. At 3:00 o’clock p. m. General Grant, ac- companied by Ord, McPherson, Logan, A. J. Smith and some of Grant’s staff, and Pemberton, Bowen aud Montgomery, met under the oak tree in front of Logan’s division and just 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 237 south of Fort Hill. These officers could be seen from the hill above our camp. Ho terms were agreed upon at this conference, but Grant informed Pemberton that he would send him a letter by 10:00 p. m. giving him his final terms, which were, in substance: One division of our army was to march in at 8:00 A. M. to-morrow (changed to 10:00 A. M.) ; rolls to be made out and signed; enemy to march out, offi_ cers taking their side arms and clothing, and field, staff and cavalry officers, one horse each; the rank and file all their clothing, the amount of rations deemed necessary and cook- ing utensils, thirty wagons, two animals to each. The same terms to all sick as soon as able to travel. Pemberton tried to have these terms modified and proposed, at 10:00 a. m., to evacuate, stack arms outside and surrender the works, the city and his army. These terms were finally made and Pem- berton informed that if no notification was received by 9:00 a. m. of the fourth he should regard them as rejected. Maj. Gen. John H. Forney, having been assigned by Pemberton for the purpose, received the Union army at Fort Hill. The following is the order of General McPherson, read to the troops of his command at dress parade on the evening of July 4th, 1863 : Headquarters Seventeenth Army Corps, Department of the Tennessee. Vicksburg, Miss., July 4, 1863. General Orders, No. 20: Soldiers of the Seventeenth Army Corps : Again I rejoice with you over your brilliant achievements and your unparalleled success. Hardly had your flag floated to the breeze on the capitol of Mississippi when, springing to the call of your noble commander, you rushed upon the defiant columns of the enemy at Champion’s Hill and drove him in confusion and dismay across the Big Black to his defenses within the stronghold of Vicks- burg. Your assaulting columns, which moved promptly on his works on the twenty-second of May and which stood for hours undaunted under a wither- ing fire, were unsuccessful only because no men could take the position by storm. With tireless energy, with sleepless vigilance, by night and by day, with bat- tery and with rifle-pit, with trench and mine, you made your sure approaches, until, overcome by fatigue and driven to despair in the attempt to oppose your irresistible progress, the whole garrison of over thirty thousand men, with all 238 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 their arms and munitions of war, have, on this the anniversary of our national in- dependence, surrendered to the invincible troops of the Army of the Tennessee. The achievements of this hour will give a new meaning to this memorable day, and Vicksburg will brighten the glow in the patriot’s heart which kindles at the mention of Bunker Hill and Yorktown. This is indeed an auspicious day for you. The God of Battles is with you- The dawn of a conquered peace is breaking upon you; the plaudits of an admiring world will hail you wherever you may go, and it will be an ennobling heritage surpassing all riches to have been of the Seventeenth Army Corps on the Fourth of July, 1863. James B. McPherson, [24, 3, 476.] Major General. July 4-th — Saturday. — About 8:00 o’clock a. m. Capt. Geo. S. Spicer of the Fiftieth United States Colored Troops (former- ly of the Fifth Iowa) and the writer walked up the Jackson road toward Fort Hill. White flags were displayed all along the Confederate lines. We passed readily along to the front, walked up on the fort and proceeded to examine the work. We were interested in the hole made by the explosion on June 25th, which explosion we had witnessed at the time. Generals Forney, Bowen and Captain Montgomery, at the time we got there, were standing on the fort. The first, with folded arms, was walking a little distance aside and seemed to be meditating over the situation and looking over toward General Grant’s headquarters. Captain Montgomery asked one of us about the effects of some shells that he had fired a few days previously at the two-story white house of Mr. Sherley (who was at home and claimed to be a Union man). Apart of this house was used by the Forty-fifth Illinois as its headquarters. It stood on the north side of the road, about three hundred yards outside of the fort, and was the only house between our lines and the enemy on that road and in the reports is called “ the white house.” During the conversation which ensued the First Bri- gade Band of Forty-fifth and One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Illinois of Logan’s division stationed itself (at 10:00 A. M.) on a small veranda out of the second story of Shelley’s house and played patriotic airs, “ Hail Columbia,” Star Spangled Banner,” etc. The lines along which the vision extended, for nearly a mile and a half each way, were quiet. The men were seen standing upon both sides and near enough together to converse. Washington Street. — Showing the Point Up the River. Sherley’s House. Looking East from the Courthouse. SCENES AT VICKSBURG.— TAKEN FROM WAR-TIME PHOTOGRAPHS. 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 239 As the music swelled forth, Captain Montgomery turned to Bowen and remarked, “That’s damned humiliating, General!” “Oh, I don’t know !” said Bowen. “Well, we can’t always win ; we will live in hopes and try again.” Not long before ten o’clock two officers rode up to the fort from Logan’s advanced line and the colonel commandingthe Confederate troops at that point met them there. The officers dismounted and a short conversation ensued. We heard the Confederate officer speak of himself as Colonel from Missouri, and ask if he should have his men march outside and stack their arms and he was told that was the understanding. The Confederate troops then marched out, stacked their arms and then returned to their line. No cheering was indulged in. The writer and his companion then started for the city as fast as they could walk, and concluded they would be among the first ones in, as no person was ahead. We walked to the courthouse at a lively pace. Stacking arms consumed a little over an hour. McPherson, Logan, Forney and their staffs stood on the breastworks. After the arms were stacked they all rode to Forney’s headquarters. Pemberton and all his general officers were there. Pemberton was sitting in a chair when they arrived and he did not offer General Grant a seat. McPherson and Logan then rode out to the troops and Lieut. Col. ffm. E. Strong and others, who were detailed for the purpose, rode to the city, about a mile distant, and ascending to the cupola of the courthouse, at 11:30 o’clock A. M. [hoisted the headquarters flag of the Seventeenth Army Corps — E d.], flung out the banner of beauty and glory to the breeze. — [Put- nam’s Becord of the Bebellion, Vol. VII. p. 51.] We were talking to a Confederate soldier in the trench just south of Fort Hill this morning, after they had stacked their arms at that point, and pointing to a batten 7 in Ransom’s line northwest, said, “ There is a gun over there that did us a great deal of damage because it enfiladed this ditch. One shell came in here and killed five men. Here is the spot and you can see their blood,” pointing it out. The courthouse in the city was about two and a half miles from our line and had been a common target for the Union artillerists and could be plainly seen from the most of the line; hundreds of shots were fired at it, but the only one that struck it that we could discover was on the side of oue of the four columns of the cupola, which had a piece cut out of its side. 240 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 Seven wagon roads pass out of Vicksburg, one going north through and over the bluffs to the Yazoo river bottoms; one northwest, passing by the cemetery, and known as the Ceme- tery road; one going east, called the Jackson road; theu the Baldwin’s Ferry road that runs out of the city parallel with the railroad; the Hall’s Ferry road, south of the railroad; and lastly, the upper and lower YVarrenton roads. Sly says: “At 4 o’clock p. m. we marched into the city and stacked arms at the courthouse. Had half an hour to look around and then marched back to camp.” [Population of Vicksburg, YVarren county, in 1880, was 11,814.] We quote the following from J. H. Thurston: Vicksburg has fallen, and that on our glorious Fourth of July, the anni- versary of our national independence. I have just been up on the hill and saw the rebels marching out and stacking their arms. Our forces are also moving in. Marched into Vicksburg, banners flying and music playing. This is the most glorious Fourth of July I ever spent. Fireworks seem to be all around the lines. At night, fireworks having been procured, our troops had a grand illumination. General Sanborn writes : On the evening of the third of July General McPherson came to me in per- son and said that my own brigade and John D. Stevenson’s brigade of Logan’s division were designated to take possession of Vicksburg and take charge of guarding and paroling the prisoners, for the reason that they had fought the hardest and suffered the most in the campaign. All the writers that I have examined on this matter have reported that the place was taken possession of by Logan’s division. While this is not strictly untrue, it is not the precise truth. But it is immaterial as a matter of history, so far as the campaign is concerned; but is not quite satisfactory to the troops who bore off the honors of the campaign and were designated to and did actually march into Vicksburg and guard and parole the prisoners of war. As ordered by General McPherson, I led the column that marched into Vicksburg, and the Fourth Minnesota Band and Regiment led my brigade. Nearly all the officers of the army had procured and had by them new uni- forms in anticipation of the surrender. On the fourth all such uniforms were put on, every enlisted man burnished his gun so that it glimmered in the sunshine like pure silver, the bands of music took their position, and the commands marched from their camping places during the siege into and through the city to the courthouse and the banks of the Mississippi river. Steamboats by the score, if not by the hundred, came out of the Yazoo and down the river from Milliken’s Bend, and there was a scene of life and joy and excitement such as is rarely seen on this planet. 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 241 Orders were at once issued by General Grant directing the details of all offi- cers and men competent for the duty to write and take paroles, and the work of paroling the rebel prisoners was commenced in good earnest and occupied the time for about a single week. When everyone had received his parole they formed in regular ranks and marched out, with their side arms, in accordance with the terms of the surrender. The following is a copy of the instructions and orders issued by me to the officers and men detailed to carry into effect the instructions received from Gen- eral Grant. I remained on duty all day and decided the questions as they arose between the officers and their slaves: Headquarters First Brigade, Seventh Division, ♦ Seventeenth Army Corps. Vicksburg, Miss., July 9, 1863. The following instructions will govern the several commissioned and non- commissioned officers in the examination of the paroled prisoners in being passed beyond the lines: The following officers being duly paroled to be passed with their side arms, private horses (one each) and baggage: All general officers, with their staff. All field and staff officers of regiments. All commissaries and quartermasters. All other officers with special permits from Major General McPherson, with- out horses. All line officers with side arms and private baggage. All soldiers being duly paroled will be passed out with knapsacks, haver- sacks, canteens and blankets, after being duly examined to see that they have no contraband articles, such as colors, powder, caps or cartridges; when such articles are found, they will be taken possession of by the parties making the examination. No negroes will be permitted to pass with the troops, except such as the commanding officer shall decide entitled to pass the lines under existing orders. After each regiment shall have been examined, the regimental wagons will be examined and all articles contraband, such as colors, powder, caps and cart- ridges, will be taken possession of. The wagons allowed are as follows: General headquarters, two teams. Each division headquarters, one team. Each brigade headquarters, one team, four mules. Each regiment headquarters, four mules. Chief quartermaster, one team, four mules. Each artillery company, one team, two mules, where company exceeds sixty men. No other teams will be passed except such as the commanding officer shall decide to be entitled to do so under existing orders. Commanding officers will instruct their men that it is the desire of Major General Grant that no soldier shall indulge in either abuse or jeering language 16 242 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 to the prisoners whilst being examined or being passed beyond the lines, and the commanding general feels assured that his command will conduct them- selves with magnanimous forbearance toward their conquered foes. All men and officers are enjoined to remain patiently upon the ground until such time as they shall complete the work assigned to them. By order of John B. Sanborn, Colonel , Commanding. Many singular and some ridiculous incidents occurred, mainly in connec- tion with the colored servants of the officers. We formed a line of officers and men, mainly as a corps of observation, to observe the rebel army as it passed through the fortifications and out into the Confederacy. Strange changes seemed to come over the minds of these faithful servants very suddenly at times. They would dart up to me and ask if they were compelled to go out, and upon receiving the answer that it was optional with them to go or stay, universally, so far as I know, deserted their masters and staid in the Federal lines. The number of men surrendered to Grant at Vicksburg was 31,600, including 2,153 officers, of whom fifteen were generals. One hundred and seventy-two cannon also fell into his hands. It was the largest capture of men and mate- rial which had ever been made in war up to that time. The small arms sur- rendered exceeded forty thou«and. The campaign at Vicksburg opened amid the greatest diversity of opinion in regard to what was commonly known as the negro question. General McClel- lan, in 1862, after he had been driven back to Harrison’s Landing, wrote to the President, among other things, that “the military power should not be allowed to interfere with the relations of servitude, either by supporting or impairing the authority of the master, except for repressing disorders in certain cases;” and made the statement that “a declaration of radical views, especially upon slavery, will rapidly disintegrate our present armies.” Notwithstanding this, Mr. Lincoln had issued his Proclamation of Emanci- pation, to the effect that “on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any state, or designated part of a state, the people whereof shall then be in re- bellion against the people of the United States, shallbe thenceforth and forever free, and the executive government of the United States, including the mili- tary and naval authority, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such per- sons, and will do no act or acts to repress such persons or any of them in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom.” It was all that military authority and power could do to maintain disci- pline in some of the regiments recruited from the border states and along the line of the free states as they bordered upon slave states, but the result of this campaign seemed to crystallize all these conflicting ideas, and the country for the first time settled down to the determined purpose that the war should be from thenceforth conducted with a view to making absolute freedom and ab- solute justice the law of its life. Confidence was infused through the Northern States by this campaign that the rebellion could be overthrown and the rebel government subjugated, and it was the first time that there had been implicit 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 243 faith in ultimate success during the progress of the war. It was the first great aggressive movement that had been successfully made during the Rebellion up to that time. The most intelligent and wisest of the Southern leaders then in the Confederate army at Vicksburg frankly admitted that the doom of the Confederacy was sealed, although conceding at the same time that public senti- ment through the South was wrought up to so high a pitch that other battles would have to be fought and other campaigns carried on before the great mass of their people could be convinced that they could not maintain their govern- ment. No campaign in the history of human affairs has done so much to establish freedom and justice as the Vicksburg campaign. It seemed to derive its prin- ciple and great purpose from the noble and martyred President and its energy and vigor from the greatest general of his day, and its influence for good on mankind can never be lost. Such achievement of men, in such a cause, can never be forgotten. When ages shall have passed away and the proudest monuments erected by human hands shall have crumbled to dust, and even those heights from which the guns of Vicksburg frowned and belched forth fire and death shall have been worn away by that mighty river that rolls at their base, the fame and glory of the campaign that compelled the surrender of this stronghold and of the com- mander that gave it direction and success will still survive, “exempt from mu- tability and decay,” a light and hope to the desponding and oppressed people of all lands and a beacon to all nations struggling to establish liberty, humanity and justice as the law of their national life. The troops of General Logan’s division were the first to enter the outside fortifications on the Jackson road, the} 7 pitched their tents in the outskirts of the city on the north side of the road earl}' in the afternoon. The First Brigade, General Leg- gett commanding, led Logan’s troops. Leggett says in his re- port (24, 2, 294): My brigade, led by the Forty-fifth Illinois, was honored with the privilege of being the first to enter the garrison, and the flag of the Forty-fifth Illinois the first to float over the conquered city. Their flag was not the first one to fly from the courthouse as some have asserted. General Sanborn copied for us the following letter : Fakgo, Jan. 11, 1886. Gen. John B. Sanborn , St. Paul, My Dear General: During the terrible assault on Vicksburg, the twenty- second of May, 1863, the Seventh Division of the Seventeenth Corps suffered more severely than any other command. The last charge, made by reason of General McClernand’s false reports to General Grant, was simply murder and slaughter, and it was your command that was mowed down then and there. I saw the charge — carried the order, indeed — and saw the gallant Colonel 244 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 Boomer of the Twenty-sixth Missouri fall. The loss was over seven hundred men in less than forty minutes. Remembering your conduct and that of your splendid troops, General McPherson gave you the right of the line on our tri- umphant entry into Vicksburg on the morning of the Fourth of July, 1863. Logan followed, and being ranking division commander was made commander of the post. You had your troops disposed of to protect property, and had, under my suggestion, taken possession of all the printing presses with a view to preparing paroles. General Grant’s memory is frequently at fault in what he writes concerning this campaign. Doubtless General Logan, who visited Grant about the time he was on this part of his work, unintentionally misled him. I have already corrected his account regarding the flag on the court- house. It was our headquarters flag that first floated there, placed by General Strong’s party. Hardly a week passes that I am not called upon to correct errors of statements which are doing some gallant officer great injustice. If my mind ever gets free from the struggle for daily bread, I shall turn the light on those operations and give the meed of praise where it justly belongs. I am writing now where it is so cold that I can hardly hold my pen. Now, my dear general, if this is not sufficiently in detail, I will reproduce it for you and put it in official shape. Faithfully yours, W. T. Clark, Adjutant General Seventeenth Corps , 1863. General Clark is in error as to the time of day when Colonel Sanborn with his brigade led the army into Vicksburg to the courthouse. It was in the afternoon instead of the forenoon. The official war records (Vol. 24, 1, 178 and subsequent pages) contain ample proof that McClernand’s statement was not false; that his troops captured the first fort south of the railroad at about 11:00 o’clock a. m., and held it until about 5:00 o’clock p. M. If his statement had been false he would undoubtedly have been suspended from his command that night. He did wrong, however, in permitting our division to assault the works after his own troops had been repulsed and the assault along the line had ceased. Colonel Sanborn’s brigade was the next troops to pass the outside fortifications, which they did on the Baldwin’s Ferry road, and after marching some distance toward the city came to the road where Colonel Sanborn expected to meet General Stevenson with his brigade to march with us to the courthouse, halted his troops, waiting for an hour or longer for General Stevenson, who did not come, and then he marched on without Stevenson’s brigade into the city to the courthouse, and his were the first troops to arrive there. 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 245 We quote from “Cave Life:” M in the morning came up with a pale face, saying, “ It’s all over! the white flag floats from our forts. Vicksburg has surrendered!” He put on his uniform coat, silently buckled on his sword, and prepared to take out the meu to deliver up their arms in front of the fortification. I felt a strange unrest, the quiet of the day was so unnatural. I walked up and down the cave until M returned. The day was extremely warm, and he came with a violent headache. He told me that the Federal troops had acted splendidly; they were stationed opposite the place where the Confederate troops marched up and stacked their arms, and they seemed to feel sorry for the poor fellows who had defended the place for so long a time. Far different from what he had ex- pected, not a jeer or taunt came from any one of the Federal soldiers. Occa- sionally a cheer would be heard; hut the majority seemed to regard the poor, unsuccessful soldiers with a generous sympathy. I stood in the doorway and caught my first sight of the Federal uniform since the surrender. That after- noon the road was filled with them, walking about looking at the forts and the headquarters’ horses; wagons also filled the road, drawn by the handsome United States horses. Poor M , after keeping his horse upon mulberry leaves during the forty-eight days, saw him no more. After the surrender in the evening, George rode into the city on his mule. Thinking to “shine,” as the negroes say, he rode M ’s handsome silver-mounted dragoon saddle. I could not help laughing when he returned with a sorry face, reporting himself safe but the saddle gone. M questioned and requestioned him, aghast at his loss, — -for a saddle was a valuable article in our little community, — and George, who felt as badly as anyone, said, “I met a Yankee, who told me, ‘Git down off dat mule; I’m gwin’ to hab dat saddle;’ I said, ‘ No, I ain’t gwin’ to do no such thing.’ He took out his pistol, and I jumped down.” The following was published in the Century Magazine , Sep- tember, 1885, p. 775, as from the diary of a lady who lived not far from the courthouse: July 4 tli. — Breakfast dispatched, we went on the upper gallery. What I expected to see was files of soldiers inarching in, but it was very different. The street was deserted save by a few people carrying home bedding from their caves. About eleven o’clock a man in blue came sauntering along, look- ing about curiously. Then two followed him; then another. “H , do you think these can be Federal soldiers ? ” “Why, yes! here comes more up the street.” Soon a group appeared on the courthouse hill and the flag began slowly to rise to the top of the staff. As the breeze caught it and it sprang out like a live thing exultant, H drew a long breath of contentment. “Now I feel once more at home in mine own country.” In an hour more a grand rush of people, setting toward the river, began — foremost among them the gen- tleman who took our cave. All were flying as if for life. “What can this mean, H ? Are the populace turning out to greet the despised conquerors?” “Oh!” said H , springing up, “look! it is the boats coming around the bend.” Truly, it was a fine spectacle to see that fleet of transports sweep 246 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 around the curve and anchor in the teeth of the batteries so lately vomiting fire. Presently Mr. J passed and called: “ Aren’t you coming, Mr. L -? There’s provisions on those boats — coffee and flour! ‘ First come first served,’ you know.” But now the newcomers began to swarm into our yard. The townspeople continued to dash through the streets with their arms full, canned goods predominating. Towards five Mr. J passed again. ‘‘Keep on the lookout,” he said; “the army of occupation is coming along.” And in a few minutes the head of the column appeared. What a contrast to the suffering creatures we had seen so long were those stalwart, well-fed men, so splendidly set up and accoutered — sleek horses, polished arms, bright plumes! It was the pride and panoply of war. Civilization, discipline and order seemed to enter with the measured tramp of those marching columns, and the heart turned with throbs of added pity to the worn men in gray who were being blindly dashed against this embodiment of modern power. Colonel Sanborn’s brigade, the body of troops herein de- scribed, was led by the brass band of the Fourth Minnesota Infantry. On entering the city we found the hills in places honey- combed with caves in which the people had lived quite secure from the terrible rain of shot and shell. The nature of the soil was such that the caves needed no support to prevent their caving. We visited many of these and they seemed quite secure and comfortable. Nearly all contained one or more rooms that branched off from the main entrance. We ex- pected to find that the shot and shell from our batteries and mortar fleet had caused great destruction of property, but to our astonishment we saw that, comparatively speaking, little damage had been done. A few buildings had beeii burned and many others injured, but there had been no wholesale de- struction of property. A great many of the shells from the mortar fleet were twenty-two inches in diameter and had penetrated the ground before exploding. The Vicksburg Daily Citizen (John W. Swords, proprietor) was printed on wall paper, and the last issue of Thursday, July 2d, contained the following: On Dit. — T hat the great Ulysses — the Yankee generalissimo, surnamed Grant — has expressed his intention of dining in Vicksburg on Saturday next and celebrating the Fourth of July by a grand dinner, and so forth. When asked if he would invite Gen. Joe Johnston to join, he said: “No! for fear there would be a row at the table.” Ulysses must get into the city before he dines in it. The way to cook a rabbit is: “ First catch the rabbit,” etc. 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 247 The type was set for this issue, but the paper had not been printed on the fourth when our army entered the city. Some of our soldiers took charge of the office and after adding the following note printed the paper: Note. — July 4, 1863. — Two days bring great changes. The banner of the Union floats over Vicksburg. General Grant has “caught the rabbit;” he has dined in Vicksburg and he did bring his dinner with him. The Citizen lives to see it. For the last time it appears on “wall paper.” No more will it eulogize the luxury of mule meat and fricasseed kitten — urge Southern war- riors to such diet nevermore. This is the last “wall-paper” Citizen, and is, excepting this note, from the types as we found them. [Printer soldiers set this note and worked the form.] It will be valuable hereafter as a curiosity. July 5th — Sunday. — Two hundred men of the Twelfth Louisiana Infantry proceeded into the city last night and this morning began to work, leveling down the breastworks and barricades built across the streets. We worked all day remov- ing obstructions. On Jan. 14, 1861, the following appeared in the daily news- papers : Jackson, Miss., Jan. 12, 1861. — Artillery ordered to Vicksburg this morn- ing by Governor Pettus, to hail and bring to all passing boats. This was the beginning of rebel interference with the navigation of the Mississippi river. The artillery sent from Jackson consisted of the Quitman Battery, which had a brilliant reputation among the people of Vicksburg. On the night of Jan. 13, 1861, this battery attempted to fire on the steamer A. 0. Taylor, Captain Collier, and were only pre- vented from doing so by their awkwardness in getting the priming of their guns wet. July 6th — Monday. — General Grant’s headquarters moved into the city to-day. Sly says: “Our regiment marched in- side of the rebel works and camped near the railroad among the prisoners.” L. Wellman w T ent out with his company this morning at five o’clock on guard. On the Fourth of July, 1864, the army at Vicksburg erected, ou the site of the oak tree where Generals Grant and Pember- ton held their conference, a marble shaft, on which was cut an eagle with scroll, escutcheon, battle flags, drum, cannon and 248 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 pyramid of balls. Underneath was the following inscription: “ Siege — Maj. Gen. U. S. Grant, U. S. A., and Lieutenant Gen- eral Pemberton, July 4, 1863.” This shaft was surmounted by a marble ball, was cut at Vicksburg and inclosed by ma- sonry surmounted by an iron fence. Maj. A. E. Barns of the Fif- tieth United States Colored Troops, formerly 7 captain Company I, Seventy-second Illinois Infantry, was marshal of ceremonies and delivered an address. Relic seekers soon began to chip and deface the shaft and ruined it, after which the government erected on its site an hundred-pounder cannon, standing on its base and properly inscribed. The original oak tree was soon dug up and carried away. We quote from a Vicksburg letter of July 13th: The most of Pemberton’s army left here, paroled, the day before yesterday arid the rest go to-day or to-morrow. It was laughable to be on the picket posts on the Jackson and Baldwin’s Ferry roads when they marched out. The names of the men who were paroled and who were expected to march out with their officers were read from the rolls, but the men were few in numbers. Thous- ands of them after getting their paroles got our boys to ferry them across the Mississippi river so they could go to their homes. General Pemberton, accord- ing to the terms granted, was to march his men out after they had been paroled. The free ferry business running night and day across the river soon came to Pemberton’s notice, and he complained of it to General Grant and instructions were issued against it. General Pemberton also complained to Grant that many of his (Grant’s) men were getting the negro servants of his officers away from them and enlisting them into the army as soldiers. There are but few houses in this place that have not been struck by shell, but the city has not been destroyed, and in fact but very few of the houses have been burned. The Third Minnesota Infantry was at Snyder’s Bluff about two weeks ago. This is ten miles from here. The Fifth Minnesota Infantry landed here this morning from Young’s Point. They are but few in numbers. It was very sickly at that place. We expect to get our pay soon, up to July 1st. Lieuten- ant Snyder of Company B, Fourth Regiment, is at Memphis very sick, and we hear that he has resigned his commission. We have received information that Sergeant Caldwell of Company B died at that place on June 17th. A boat has arrived from Port Hudson with the good news that it surrendered on the ninth. We have also received information of Mead’s victory over Lee at Gettysburg, and also good news from the army under Rosecrans. July 15th — Wednesday . — Our hospital steward, Geo. M. D. Lambert, left on furlough to-day for St. Paul, Minn. Maj. A. E. Welch also left on sick list to-day for his home at Red Wing. The major has been quite unwell for over a month. Marble Monument at Vicksburg. i monument was erected July 4, 1864, on the ground occupied by the oak tree beneath winch Generals Pemberton and Grant held their conference regarding the surrender of Vicks- burg, July 3, 1863. Maj. A. E. Barns was master of ceremonies at the time of its erection. The oak tree, roots and all, was removed and cut up into relics. 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 249 July 20th — Monday. — Brigadier General Logan went North on leave, and on the twenty-first Brig. Gen. John E. Smith was assigned to the command of the post and defenses of Vicksburg during Logan’s temporary absence. (24, 3, 538.) July 25th — Saturday. — Our regiment went on provost guard duty to-day. We quote from St. Paul Pioneer of Jul} 7 30, 1863: Promotions at Vicksburg : Fourth Regiment — Asst. Surg. E. W. Cross to be surgeon, vice Murphy, resigned; Lieut. E. U. Russell, Company A, to be cap- tain, vice Young, resigned; Lieut. Geo. A. Clarke to be captain, vice Patch, re- signed; Second Lieut. David L. Wellman to be first lieutenant, vice Clarke, promoted; Sergt. John L. Samson to be second lieutenant, vice Wellman, pro- moted; First Lieut. Ira N. Morrill, Company K, to be captain, vice L. B. Martin, resigned; First Sergt. Charles C. Hunt to be first lieutenant, vice Morrill, promoted; Sergt. Charles W. Douglas to be second lieutenant, vice Sherbrooke, killed on May 22d; First Lieut. Wm. F. Wheeler of Company I to be captain, vice Asa W. White, resigned; Second Lieut. James Drysdale to be first lieu- tenant, vice Wheeler, promoted; First Sergt. Adrian K. Norton to be second lieutenant, vice Drysdale, promoted; Sergt. Samuel T. Isaac to be first lieu- tenant, vice Turner, killed in battle. July 31st — Friday. — Our regiment is still on provost guard. We have a great deal of sickness; in some companies there are only seven or eight men for duty. Return for the Month of July, 1863. — Total number of enlisted men, 602; aggregate, 631; last month, 658. Enlisted men present for duty, 239; on extra and daily duty, 43; sick, 102; arrest, 1; total present, 385. Commissioned offi- cers present for duty, 13; sick, 4; extra duty, 1; total present, 18. Aggregate present, 403. Remarks. — James Davis, transferred to non-commissioned staff from Com- pany K and promoted to principal musician July 25, 1863. A. T. Pintler, transferred to first lieutenant in Eleventh Louisiana Volunteers. John P. Hunter, died May 25th on hospital steamer City of Memphis. A. E. Welch, absent, sick, from July 4, 1863, for twenty days. O. Graham, absent on sick leave, dated July 18, 1863. R. S. Donaldson, absent since June 10, 1863, in Twelfth Louisiana Volunteers, Special Orders, No. 97, Headquarters Seventh Division, Seventeenth Army Corps. D. L. Wellman, acting adjutant regiment since May 24, 1863. Gibson S. Patch, honorable discharge June 30, 1863, Special Orders, No. 288, War Department. L. b. Martin, resignation accepted July 6, 1863. J. H. Murphy, resignation accepted July 9, 1863. Report of Lieut. Col. John E. Tourtellotte, Fourth Min- nesota Infantry. Headquaetees Foueth Minnesota Volunteees. Camp in Vicksbueg, Miss., Aug. 1, 1863. Sib: I have the honor to report, in obedience to Special Orders, No. 31, of date July 27, 1863, from your headquarters, that on May 26th we moved from 250 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 our position in front of the enemy’s works around Vicksburg and proceeded on the road to Mechanicsburg, which place we reached May 29th. Thence we marched down the valley of the Yazoo river, passing near Satartia via Haines’ Bluff to Snyder’s Bluff, where we bivouacked and remained three days. June 4th we marched into a ravine near our first position in front of the enemy’s fortifications around Vicksburg. Here we remained until after the surrender of Vicksburg, when, on July 6th, my regiment moved inside of the rebel breast- works. On July 25th my regiment was ordered to report to Gen. John E. Smith for post duty, on which duty we still remain. After our return from the ex- pedition to Mechanicsburg the following named persons were wounded while on duty in front of the rebel works, viz. : Lieut. I. N. Morrill, Company K, slightly; Private Orlando Lindersmith, Company E, slightly; Private B. V. Robinson, Company C, slightly; and Private R. A. Wheeler, Company D, slight- ly. Summary — 1 officer and 3 enlisted men wounded; total, 4. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, [24, 2, 311.] J. E. Toubtellotte, Lieutenant Colonel, Commanding. Capt. John E. Simpson, Acting Assistant Adjutant General, First Brigade, Seventh Division, Seventeenth Army Corps. Report of Col. John B. Sanborn, Fourth Minnesota In- fantry, Commanding First Brigade, Seventh Division, Seventeenth Army Corps. Headquartebs First Brigade, Seventh Division, Seventeenth Army Corps, Vicksburg, Aug. 7, 1863. Capt. R. M. Rochester, Assistant Adjutant General , Seventh Division: Sir: I have the honor to report the part taken by my command in the siege of Vicksburg. After moving on the twenty-third of May to the position we left on the twenty-second, I continued to skirmish constantly with the enemy, who all the time remained inside his fortifications, until the evening of the twenty-sixth, and at the same time kept large details at work during the nights, constructing rifle-pits, covered ways and breastworks. On the evening of the twenty-sixth, while I had one regiment on fatigue duty, I received your order to move my whole command immediately, with seven days’ rations, in the direction of Mechanicsburg and Yazoo City, and report to Major General Blair for further orders. At ten o’clock in the evening I took up the line of march, marched out eight miles and bivouacked at 1:00 o’clock A. M., and at sunrise again took up our line of march and marched out fifteen miles further toward Mechanicsburg that day. This march was continued through Mechanicsburg, Satartia and down the Yazoo to Snyder’s Bluff, at which place we arrived the first day of June, having learned the movements of the enemy, and without any loss to my command. Having remained at this place three days and furnished the command with shoes, socks and other articles greatly needed, I moved on the fourth of June again into the line of forces investing Vicksburg and took position on the left of the Seventh Division, being the left of the Seventeenth Army Corps. In this position the command remained, having out a line of skirmishers, until the twenty-fourth of June, when the Third Brigade, having 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 251 moved to the rear and joined the forces on the line of circumvallation, I moved my forces on to the ground vacated by it on the right of the division, and in this last position remained until the surrender of Vicksburg, on the Fourth of July, when my command moved into the city. During the entire siege the health and morale of the command was excellent and none seemed to have a desponding thought or a doubt as to the successful result, and whether called upon to dig rifle-pits, throw up intrenchments, skirmish with the enemy or stand to arms by day or in dark, stormy nights, all was done with the greatest alacrity. Every man in my command seemed determined to do his duty. John B. Sanborn, [24, 2, 689.] Commanding First Brigade, Seventh Division. Col. John B. Sanborn had been appointed brigadier general by the Presi- dent after the battle of Iuka in 1862, but the Senate had adjourned in the spring of 1863 without having taken any action upon this appointment, whereby it lapsed. Immediately after the surrender of Vicksburg, General Grant had sent to Washington a list of officers recommended by him for promotion for services in that campaign. This list included Colonel Sanborn. The pro- motions recommended by General Grant were all made at once, except this one, and the commissions issued were received from Washington at General Grant’s headquarters on or about the third day of August, 1863. On this account Colonel Sanborn at once tendered his resignation as colonel of the Fourth Minnesota Infantry. This resignation was accepted by General Grant and the colonel left for St. Paul. But the order of General Grant accepting the resignation was disapproved and revoked by the President, and on Sept. 12, 1863, the President again appointed Colonel Sanborn brigadier general of volunteers, said appointment to date and he to take rank from the date of Aug. 4, 1863, and he remained in the service through the war and until June, 1866. General Sanborn’s Farewell Order to His Brigade. Headquarters First Brigade, Seventh Division, Seventeenth Army Corps. Vicksburg, Miss., Aug. 5, 1863. General Orders, No. 16: Soldiers op the First Brigade : Having determined to leave the military service, the colonel commanding announces that he sincerely re- grets to part with that brave command, whose hardships, privations, honor and glory he has had the good fortune to share for more than a year past. During this brief period you have been called upon to fight for the honor of our flag and the maintenance of the authority of the government many times and have won immortal honor on many fields. At the siege of Corinth your constant and sure approaches, by great labor in the trenches, aided to drive the enemy from a most important position and scatter the largest army yet brought together in this Confederacy. At Iuka, alone and unaided, except in the last moments of the battle by the gallant Eleventh Mis- souri, you, at fearful sacrifice, resisted the repeated furious charges of the enemy and drove three times your number from a hard-contested and bloody field. On 252 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 the first flay of the battle of Corinth, seemingly as the forlorn hope of a day of had fortune, you made a fierce and most perilous attack upon the flank and rear of the enemy’s steadily advancing columns and compelled him to fall hack) when he had almost gained the town, and to wait the fortunes of another and more auspicious day; and on the second day of the same battle, when the ene- my’s advance had gained the town and all seemed lost, again, by a most des- perate attack upon his flank, you cut off his entire reserve and compelled him to give up all he had gained and contributed vastly in wrenching from his hands a most brilliant victory. When the sound of the enemy’s guns at Port Gibson broke on your ears, although the broad Mississippi rolled between you and the enemy, you crossed as if by magic and moved as if on wings toward the scene of conflict to aid your brothers in arms to win a victory in what you knew to be a most important contest, and long before the sound of battle ceased you were in position protecting one flank of our army. At Forty Hills, by a steady and constant advance upon the enemy’s batteries and lines, you drove him from strong positions across the Big Black. At Raymond you moved up on the run, through terrible dust and heat and under a most galling fire, to the support of a most gallant division, hard pressed by superior numbers. Your pres- ence precipitated the retreat of the enemy from a well-chosen and hard-con- tested field. At Jackson, by a most perilous and gallant charge upon a hidden foe, supporting well-manned batteries of artillery, you drove a superior force of the enemy from a most favorable position and carried your standards in triumph to the very dome of the capitol of Mississippi. At Champion Hills every one of you was engaged constantly for four hours, at no time taking any step back- ward, aiding the three small divisions there engaged to drive the enemy from a well-chosen position that our army might advance and wrench from the enemy’s grasp the key that would unlock the navigation of our Mississippi. At Vicks- burg you were among the first to reach the enemy’s works at the assault and the last of all to retire, although your position was unfavorable and exposed. And after this you immediately moved nearly fifty miles to the rear and aided to develop the movements of the enemy in that direction, and then again took your position in front of the enemy’s works, and aided, by your deadly rifies> by trench and mine, to reduce this stronghold. In addition to these services on the field of battle you have made long and perilous campaigns, always suc- cessfully and without loss to the government. Yours is indeed a glorious record ! Few organizations of the army have been so fortunate. In future strive to emulate your own example in the past and nothing but glory can await you. Brave and faithful soldiers, I bid you farewell! By order of Col. John B. Sanborn. John E. Simpson, Captain and Acting Assistant Adjutant General. Headquarters Fourth Minnesota Volunteer Infantry. Camp, near Vicksburg, Miss., Aug. 7, 1863. Col. John B. Sanborn, Commanding First Brigade , Seventh Division, Seventeenth Army Corps. Sir: We, the officers of this regiment now in camp, have just learned that your tender of resignation as colonel of the regiment and commanding officer of this brigade has been accepted. Allow us, then, very respectfully to state that 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 253 we very much regret the cause which forced you to resign to preserve your self- respect as in your opinion it seemed. We also much regret that in future while in the service we shall be deprived of your conduct and counsel as an officer and your society as a gentleman. Allow us very respectfully to thank you for your uniform justice and courtesy as commanding officer of this regi- ment and of this brigade, and also for the active part you have taken in acquir- ing for this brigade the reputation we believe it has. With most earnest de- sires for your future happiness and prosperity and with many hopes that an approving conscience may bear an abundant recompense for your arduous labors in the service of your country, we remain, Very respectfully, your obedient servants, J. E. Toubtellotte, Lieutenant Colonel. J. C. Edson, Captain Company B. L. R. Wellman, Second Lieutenant Company C. E. U. Russell, First Lieutenant Company A. Jno. D. Hunt, Second Lieutenant Company I. Geo. A. Clakke, First Lieutenant Company F[. Henry Platt, Captain Company I. James Dbysdale, Second Lieutenant Company F. Chessman Gould, Second Lieutenant Company D. Daniel G. Towle, Second Lieutenant Company E. I. N. Morrill, First Lieutenant Company K. Chas. C. Hunt, Second Lieutenant Company E. D. L. Wellman, Second Lieutenant Company H. Samuel W. Russell, Second Lieutenant Company G. Dennison M. G. Murphy, First Lieutenant and Quartermaster. Wm. F. Wheeler, First Lieutenant Company F. Aug. 7th — Friday . — The Thirteenth Corps (Ord’s, formerly McClernancTs) in command of Gen. A. J. Smith, left to join General Banks down the river, to go on the Red River ex- pedition. Aug. 19tli — Wednesday. — The steamboat City of Madison blew up at the wharf boat at the levee as she was being loaded with captured ammunition and arsenal stores. About thirty were killed and wounded. She was one of our commissary of subsistence boats at Chickasaw Bayou. We have very poor water. Have to haul it on wagons from the river. Aug. 20tli — Thursday . — James McCartney and several other members of Company B started for Minnesota to-day on sick furlough. The company and mess cooks often dry the coffee grounds and sell them to the natives, who seem to like coffee. At times our cooks have as much as a barrel full of dried mate- rial on hand, as stock in trade. 254 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 After the surrender of Vicksburg the lines of works con- structed by General Grant’s army were all leveled down, so that the enemy could not use them. The rebel line of works was retained and occupied by our pickets and, subsequently, on many occasions, both night and day, as officer of the guard, the writer walked that line visiting the guards to see that they were alert and attending to their duties. Our army constructed an inner line of forts and breastworks on high ground within the city limits, which were all connected and made high and strong, so that a small body of troops could garrison and defend the city. [Extract.] War Department, Adjutant General’s Office, Washington, Sept. 12, 1863. Twenty-second — So much of Special Orders, No. 212 (current series), Depart- ment of Tennessee, as discharged Col. John B. Sanborn, Fourth Minnesota Volunteers, by resignation, is hereby revoked and his name -will be restored to the rolls of the regiment. Twenty-third — Col. John B. Sanborn, Fourth Minnesota Volunteers, having tendered his resignation, is hereby honorably discharged the service of the United States, to date Sept. 11, 1863, he having accepted an appointment as brigadier general of volunteers Sept. 12, 1863. By order of the Secretary of War. E. D. Townsend, Adjutant General. Return for the Month of August, 1863. — Total enlisted men present and absent, 564; aggregate, 590; aggregate last month, 631. Enlisted men present for duty, 213; on extra and daily duty, 50; sick, 46; total present, 309. Commissioned officers present for duty, 12; on extra and daily duty, 1; sick, 3; total, 16. Remarks. — During the entire month the regiment has been on duty in Vicksburg. D. L. Wellman, absent -with leave since Aug. 19, 1863. C. L. Snyder, resignation accepted Aug. 3, 1863. Thor Olson, Company A, died of wounds, Sept. 29, 1862, at Jackson, Tenn. ; Chas. P. Hubbard, discharged for disability, Aug. 1-0, 1863, at Vicksburg. John D. Casterline, Company A, discharged, February, 1863, at Mound City. Lieut. Col. J. E. Tourtellotte, absent by Special Orders, No. 214. James C. Edson, Dated Sept. 2, 1863. Captain, Commanding. We copy the following report of the Rev. Dr. B. F. Crary, agent for Minnesota to visit the sick in hospitals, from St. Paul Pioneer of Sept. 10, 1863: Sick at Keokuk, Iowa : Wm. B. Bandy, Company C, Brown county; in Sixth Street Hospital; eyes have been very sore, but is improving. Mathias 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 255 Bartz, Company H, Mankato, Medical College; chronic diarrhea; is improving; walks about. Joseph Blair, Company C, Third Street Hospital; debility; con- valescent. Judson Burrows, Company B, Carver county, Third Street Hospi- tal; chronic diarrhea; is very weak, but is improving. Almon Cottrell, Com- pany F, Estes House; piles; is cheerful and hopes to get well. M. Hemerick, Company B, Medical College; ague. Wm. Hutchinson, Company G, Third Street Hospital; debility. Gustav Johnson, Company H, Medical College; ague and diarrhea; very feeble, but thinks he is gaining a little. Michael Liesar, Company C, Estes House; diarrhea; convalescent. A. B. Morse, Com- pany H, wounded at Iuka; ball entered spine, passed through right lung and lodged beneath the skin under the arm; he is acting as nurse. C. C. McIntyre, Company I, Le Sueur county, Estes House; debility; sick since February 10th; convalescent. Sergt. Julius F. Putnam, Company I, Minneapolis, Estes House; debility; wants to go into Invalid Corps. Joseph H. Reed, Company H, St. Paul, Estes House; spinal affection and debility; suffers much. Corp. Jacob Tenvoord, Company G, St. Cloud, Medical College; feet bruised; acting as nurse. James H. Thomas, Company H, Estes House; increased action of heart; would like to go into Invalid Corps. B. F. Wilson, Company A, Estes House; increased action of heart; would like to go into Invalid Corps. September 8th — Tuesday. — Received orders to get ready to march; are going into Arkansas to re-enforce General Steele. September 12tli — Saturday. — Marched through the city to the levee. Embarked on the steamboat Illinois. At ten o’clock started up the river, without tents or camp equipage. Hot and clear. September 13th — Sunday. — Arrived at the village of Lake Providence. Stopped one hour and then started on up the river. September llpth — Monday. — Arrived at Napoleon at half-past nine o’clock. Started up the Arkansas river and went through the White river cut-off to the Mississippi river. September 15tli — Tuesday. — Arrived at Helena, 325 miles above Vicksburg, in the morning. At twelve o’clock we left the boat and marched up the river, through the town, and encamped half a mile from the city. Rain at night. Our whole division is here, with Gen. J. E. Smith in command. Gen. J. E. Smith, in a recent letter to the writer, states: We were ordered to proceed to Helena, from thence to report to General Steele, who was marching on Little Rock. But having captured that place be did not require our assistance, which, being reported to headquarters we were ordered to proceed to Memphis. 256 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 September 17th — Thursday. — Marched through town and down the river one mile and bivouacked on the bank of the river. Clear and hot. [Population of Helena, 1880, 4,000.] List of sick and wounded soldiers of the Fourth Regiment in hospitals at Memphis, Term., Sept. 18, 1863: James A. Williams, Company B; on duty at hospital. Augustus H. Kelly, Company D; convalescent; on duty; detailed. Charles Ziebarth, Company B; intermittent fever; three months sick. William H. Seeley, Company H; salt- rheum; on duty; detailed. Merritt W. Cunningham, Company H; hernia; on duty; detailed. Samuel Mathews, Company K; chronic diarrhea; well; on duty; detailed. Hollis E. Sargent, Company F; chronic diarrhea; quite sick. George W. Rogers, Company A; flux; will get well. A. C. Lawrence, Company H; debility; convalescent. August Nil), Company H; diarrhea and fever; sick ten months; improving slow. Albinus Griswold, Company A, intermittent fever; sick six months and still quite feeble. Charles G. Topping, Company B; sick a long time; now able to do light duty. Wm. A. Prisbery, Company E; convalescent; on duty; detailed. Theo. B. Casterline, Company E; convales- cent; on duty; detailed. Colin Buchanan, Company H; wounded in thigh and breast. James McCrory, Company C; chronic rheumatism. Richard Lambert, Company D; rheumatism of kidneys. A. B. Myers, Company G; hernia and injury to right eye. .Tames H. Badger, Company H; chronic bronchitis. Vin- cent B. Lincoln, Company K; debility. Jacob Koons, Company B; chronic diarrhea. Charles B. Fenn, Company B; disease of spine. The following named persons are reported by the special agent as sick at Memphis in November: Isaac Vanderwalker, Company K, in Adams Hospital; E. Tuckey, Company A, in the Overton Hospital; Townsend G. Nichols, Company B, C. P. Booth, Company B, Charles Rogers, Company A, all three in the Overton Hospital; Lieutenants S. F. Brown and St. Cyr are both in the Officers’ Hospital; C. G. Pea- body, Company D, A. S. Bragg, Company I, Wm. Dynes, Company I, are in the Union Hospital; K. Helling, Company H, is in the Webster Hospital; S. V. Brook, Company E (probably S. E. Birch), is in the Jackson Hospital; C. L. Dresser, Company H, and H. L. Gish, Company I, are at the Gayoso Hospital. Sending Troops to Rosecrans at Chattanooga. Washington City, Sept. 15, 1863, 5:00 p. m. Major General S. A. Hurlbut, Memphis: All the troops that can possibly be spared in west Tennessee and on the Mississippi river should be seDt without delay to assist General Rosecrans on the Tennessee river. Urge Sherman to act with all possible promptness. If you have boats send them down to bring up his troops. Information just re- ceived indicates that a part of Lee’s army has been sent to re-enforce Bragg. H. W. Halleck, General-in-Chief. 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 257 General Grant, on August 30th, went to New Orleans to consult with General Banks, and while there was thrown from his horse and injured. On the thirteenth of September, while he was still in New Orleans, Halleck telegraphed him to send all available forces to Memphis and thence to Tuscumbia to co- operate with Rosecrans for the relief of Chattanooga. General Grant returned to Vicksburg on September 16th and was compelled to keep his bed until the twenty-fifth. On the fif- teenth Halleck again telegraphed him for all available forces to go to Rosecrans. This was received on the twenty-second. He was still confined to his bed and unable to rise from it with- out assistance, but at once ordered Sherman to send one divi- sion to Memphis as fast as transports could be provided. The division of McPherson’s corps (ours), which had departed from Vicksburg and was on its way to join Steele in Arkansas, was recalled and sent likewise to report to Hurlbut at Memphis. Hurlbut was directed to forward these two divisions with two others from his own corps at once, and also to send any other troops that might be returning there. Halleck suggested that some good man like Sherman or McPherson should be sent to Memphis to take charge of the troops going east. On this he sent Sherman, as being, he thought, the most suitable person for an in- dependent command, and besides he was entitled to it, if it had to be given to anyone. He was directed to take with him another division of his corps. This left one back, but having one of McPherson’s divisions, he had still the equivalent. Be- fore the receipt by him of these orders the battle of Chieka- ruauga had been fought and Rosecrans forced back into Chattanooga. (See Grant’s “Memoirs.”) The administration, as well as the general-in-chief, was nearly frantic at the situation of affairs there. The battle of Chickamauga was fought Sept. 19 and 20, 1863. September 36th — Saturday . — On this date Gen. J. E. Smith sent the following report from Helena to General McPherson at Vicksburg: I arrived here with a portion of my command on the evening of the fourteenth instant. Finding no instructions and believing the whole command would arrive during the night of the fourteenth instant, I intended to march 17 258 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 on the morning of the fifteenth instant. A portion of the command, however, did not arrive until 12:00 m. of the fifteenth. I at once relieved my trans- portation and sent Lieutenant White of my staff to report to General Steele, and issued orders to march at 4:00 A. M. of the sixteenth instant. Captain Cook of General Hurlbut’s staff arrived on the night of the fifteenth instant and ordered me into camp at this place. After making my men as comfortable as possible, by taking the camp equipage belonging to General Steele’s command, I pro- ceeded to Memphis, with the view of conferring with General Hurlbut, whom I found absent. I awaited his return last Thursday instant, when I received an order to return to Vicksburg. Upon my return last evening I found General Grant’s order. There were then but two transports here, by which I could transport three regiments and two batteries. I have already embarked on board the steamer Julia and will report to Major General Hurlbut for further instructions. (22, 2, 575.) Our old brigade commander, Gen. IN’. B. Buford, is in com- mand of the post of Helena at the present time. At six o’clock in the morning we marched to town and em- barked on the steamboat Monsoon and started up the river at eight o’clock; are ordered to proceed to Memphis and await the arrival of General Sherman. Hot and clear. Little Rock was captured by General Steele’s forces September 10th. September 27th — Sunday . — Anchored in the morning during the fog. Started up the river at sunrise. At one o’clock ar- rived at Memphis. At three o’clock we debarked and marched through the city to the north and camped one and a half miles from the city and near Wolf river. Hot. On the thirtieth it rained and we had no tents. Memphis, from Helena, ninety miles. September 30th — Wednesday . — Monthly report made. Aggre- gate, 583. October 2d — Friday . — The First Division, Fifteenth Army Corps, Gen. P. J. Osterhaus, has gone to Corinth. Our camp equipage came. We are ordered to go with Sherman to Chat- tanooga across the country. One of his divisions has been left behind at Vicksburg (the Third, commanded by General Tuttle), and we will go into the Fifteenth Corps in its place. The regi- ment is very much dissatisfied at this change, but we are in- formed that we will be restored to our old corps as soon as we get together again and it can be done. The Second Division, Fifteenth Army Corps, Gen. Giles A. Smith commanding, 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY YOLUNTEERS. 259 reached Memphis to-day from Vicksburg and General Sher- man came with it. [We were never changed back. — Ed.] October 3d — Saturday . — John H. Stevens and J. V. Daniels, the commissioners appointed by the Governor of Minnesota, took the vote of the Fourth Regiment to-day. About one hun- dred and fifty ballots were polled. CHAPTER XI. Leave Memphis and Go to Corinth; Then to Iuka — Repairing Bear Creek Bridge — We Go into the Fifteenth Army Corps — Leave for Chattanooga — Cross the Tennessee River — Our Convalescents and Disabled Ones Leave Us — Daily Journal of the March, Distance, Weather and Other Particulars — Short of Rations — Details Go to Decherd — Forage Trains Go Out — Pass Plenty of Mules that had Starved to Death (of Rosecrans’ Army) — Go Up the Cumberland Mountains to the Summit; Down Sweden’s Cove — Cross Tennessee River at Bridgeport — To Brown’s Ferry and Cross — Camp Near to Crane’s Hill Across from Chattanooga — Pontoons in North Chicka- mauga — We Cross the Tennessee River — Advance as Skirmishers — Cap- ture Enemy’s Scouts and Fire the First Shots from Sherman’s Army — Battle of Missionary Ridge — Pursue the Enemy — Quarter Rations — Living on Hope — To Bridgeport and Huntsville — Big Foraging Expe- dition — Annual Return for 1863 — To Whitesburg and Return — Enlist as Veterans — Trip to Minnesota — Capture La Crosse — Arrive at St. Paul and Go Home. October 5th — Monday. — We started early and marched through the city to the Memphis & Charleston Railroad depot. Got on the cars. Started at seven o’clock. Went to Corinth. Got off and camped in town. Hot and clear. One hundred and two miles from Memphis. A year ago to day we marched out of here after the rebels. October 6th — Tuesday. — Marched out on the Farmington road. Passed the old rebel works. Marched to Glendale on the railroad, ten miles from Corinth. Clear. Good roads. Rain at night. This is a city of three houses and one saw mill. October 16th — Friday. — Received two months’ pay. The Fifteenth Army Corps, under General Sherman, has all arrived and we are now temporarily attached to it. We fill the place of Tuttle’s Third Division. October 17th — Saturday. — Started at eight o’clock and marched eight miles to Burnsville on the Memphis & Charles- ton railroad. [Population, 1880, 240.] Crossed the railroad and encamped. Clear and warm. Good roads. 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 261 October 19th — Monday. — Marched eight miles to Iuka. [Population, 1880, 845.] October 2 1st — Wednesday — Marched six miles to Big Bear creek. Rain and mud. Camped in the woods. [General Grant reached Chattanooga October 22d, took command, and General Rosecrans went to Missouri. — Ed.] The Bear creek railroad bridge was on stone piers with stone abut- ments and the trestle work was also on stone piers. Length of bridge, two hundred and forty feet; total length of trestle, in three pieces, five hundred feet. Bear creek is very bad in itself and the swampy bottom is impassable to wheeled vehicles. October 23d — Friday. — The division moved on along the railroad, leaving our regiment and the Fifty-ninth Indiana on duty here for the present to guard the bridge and repair the railroad. Cold and rainy. While here at Bear creek the mother of E. A. Parker of Company K came from Minnesota and visited him. October 25th — Sunday. — Policed a camp. Heard some firing ahead. October 26th — Monday. — The Fifty-ninth Indiana marched. Railroad finished. Heard some gunboats cannonading on the Tennessee river. Semi-weekiy returns sent in — fifteen officers and 268 men present. October 28th — Wednesday. — Company F marched to a bridge two miles east. We received orders to march in the morning. October 29th — Thursday. — Started at daylight and marched east to Dickson’s Station, Ala., four miles, and joined the bri- gade. We marched northeast. Heard some skirmishing east of Dickson’s. [Population, 1880, 100.] We marched twelve miles beyond the station to Chickasaw, on the Tennessee river. Good roads and good water. October 30tli — Friday. — It rained the most of the forenoon. Boats are crossing troops from Eastport, Miss. All of our sick men and all those not able to march and carry their luggage are being sent on a steamboat from here to Paducah, Ky. Sent in semi-weekly returns for the twenty-ninth — thirteen officers and two hundred and seventy men. Our division commenced crossing the river. Cold rain all day. 262 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 October 81st — Saturday. — Three gunboats and three steam- boats arrived at Eastport. At eleven o’clock we got on the steamboat Masonic Gem and crossed the river. Marched two miles and through Waterloo, Ala. [Population, 1880, 275.] Encamped on a creek. Cold. Tri-monthly return — aggre- gate present and absent, 579. Sly says : “ I went foraging and came near being captured by a gang of guerrillas who hung some of our men whom they had taken prisoners.” Plenty of pork and potatoes. Our regiment mustered for pay. November 1st — Sunday. — At 3:00 p. m. we marched east to Gravelly Springs, Ala. [Population, 1880, 100.] We en- camped after dark on a creek at 8:00 p. m., after hav- ing marched ten miles. Good rock roads. Major Welch arrived from the North. He left us on July 15th at Vicks- burg, sick. November 2d — Monday. — Marched east through Gravelly Springs to Florence, Ala. [Population, 1880, 2,000.] Crossed Cypress creek at 3:00 p. m., three miles east of Florence, where the thread mills were burned by Union men in Maj^. We encamped near Florence at 4:00 p. m. Got orders not to go to the river. Unable to procure water. Were rearguard. Marched eighteen miles. Monthly report sent in — aggregate present and absent, 579. Semi-monthly made. The rebels are firing on our men from the other side of the Tennessee river. November 3d , — Tuesday — We started at 5:00 a. m. Marched through Florence and southeast. At 11:00 a. m. crossed Shoal creek. Passed through Tenebaugh, and at 5:00 p. m. camped on a creek near Rogersville, having marched twenty miles. Clear and warm. Good roads. November Ifih — Wednesday. — Started at 5:00 a. m. Marched tour miles. Stopped at Rogersville [population, 1880, 200], Lauderdale county, Alabama, till 12:00 M. Came up to the Second Brigade and the rear of Ewing’s division. They reported that a bridge some miles ahead had been destroyed and that the stream could not be crossed. Halted and bivouacked until the head of the column should move on. At 12:00 m. we started again, preceded by the Second Brigade, and took the road lead- 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 263 ing to Fayetteville, Term., there diverging from our original course and going northeast. The Third Brigade came up just before we left. Camped, about 5:00 p. m., four miles from Sugar creek, on another creek. Roads good. Clear. November 5tli — Thursday. — Semi-weekly return sent in — ag- gregate present, 270. Started at 5:00 a. m. Crossed a creek at 8:30 a. m. At 9:00 a. m. came up with the Second Brigade again and halted while it moved out. We stopped in a held. It rained. At 11:00 A. M. started out and marched toward Elkton. Crossed Sugar creek after much trouble. Rained all the afternoon and the road was very rough and bad. Bivou- acked, at 4:00 P. M., in a field at Gilbertsborough [population, 1880, 25], Limestone county, Alabama. Distance for the day, twelve miles. November 6tli — Friday. — Started at 6:00 a. m., our regiment leading. Marched through Gilbertsborough and crossed a creek. Passed through Bethel [population, 1880, 153], Giles county, Tennessee, and kept on northeast. Very rough and hilly roads. Muddy and rocky. Passed some stone walls used as fences. At 9:30 a. m. struck the Nashville & Decatur railroad and followed it about two miles, then diverged toward the east and at sundown forded Richland creek — water three feet deep — and bivouacked on the further bank. The Second Brigade camped just in front of us. Hilly. Good roads. Fine camping grounds. Distance marched, twelve miles. November 7th — Saturday . ■ — The brigade left at 7:00 a. m., preceded by the Second Brigade. Our regiment being in rear of the train remained in camp while the column was crossing Buchanan creek, just ahead. We startedat 11:00 a. m. in rear of the train. Crossed the creek. Marched one mile to the turnpike. Struck it about 11:30 a. m., and turning to the right marched down the pike six miles to a point one and a half miles from Elkton. Then turned off to the left and marched on the Fayetteville road. Halted about dark and bivouacked on the further side of Elk creek. Distance marched, fourteen miles. November 8th — Sunday. — Started at 6:00 a. m. Roads very rough, hilly and rocky. Passed some cedar timber or brush 264 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 and crossed several creeks. Halted at 4:00 p. m. and en- camped one and one-half miles from Fayetteville. Cool. . Dis- tance marched, fourteen miles. Rearguard. November 9th — Monday. — Rested in camp. Semi-weekly return sent in : For duty, 209 enlisted men; extra and daily duty, 47; sick, 12; absent, 282; total enlisted men, 550. Com- missioned officers, 26; aggregate, 576. November 10th — Tuesday. — Started at 9:00 A. m. Passed through Fayetteville [population, 1880, 2,104], Lincoln county, Tennessee. Crossed Elk river on a very tine arched stone bridge. Rough, rocky roads for about two hours and then dry and smooth. About noon came up with the Second Brigade and halted half an hour. After marching about nine miles crossed the railroad about 4:00 P. M. It is probably the one from Fayette to Decherd. After crossing halted for half an hour on account of slough ahead. Reached the camp on a creek after dark. Distance for the da}’, fifteen miles. Froze ice one and one-half inches thick. November 11th — Wednesday. — Started at 7:00 a. m. Halted frequently to bridge sloughs. Road in other respects first-rate. Country fiat, with undergrowth of oak, etc. We marched eight miles without passing a house. Marched through Salem. Saw a train of cars. Crossed the railroad three times. Reached Winchester just at sundown and encamped on a creek one mile from town. [Population of Winchester, Franklin county, Tennessee, in 1880, 1,039.] Distance for the day, twenty-two miles. Short of rations. November 12th — Thursday. — Details started for Decherd at reveille. Forage train went out. Drew rations at night. Sergeant Major Rich arrived from Minnesota, where he went on sick leave. Clear and cool. November 13th — Friday. — Started at 6:00 a. m., the First Brigade in the advance and our regiment leading. Passed through Winchester. Crossed a creek and crossed the Nash- ville & Chattanooga railroad near (three-fourths of a mile south) Decherd. [Population, 1880, 350.] Passed plenty of dead mules and horses — starved animals of Rosecrans’ army. Marched south five miles and about 10:00 a. m. reached the 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 265 foot of the Cumberland mountains. Halted awhile and made details for the train. Started up the mountain about half-past ten. Road very steep and rough. Marched about two miles, reaching the summit of the mountain about 1:00 p. m. Found a very good road. Halted and bivouacked at 4:00 P. M., after marching five miles from the summit, near the branch railroad to coal mines. Clear and cold. Distance for the day, seven- teen miles. November 14-th — Saturday. — Heavy fog. Lightning struck a tree near us. Our regiment being rearguard did not start until nearly 9:00 A. M. It rained all the morning and the roads were quite bad. Marched eight miles to the crest of the mountains, which we reached about 3:00 p. m.; then down a very steep and rocky hill to Swedon’s cove; then three miles down the cove to Battle creek, which we crossed, and then we camped. Distance for the day, fifteen miles. Cool. Rain. November 15th — Sunday. — Left camp at 7:00 A. M., following the valley of Battle creek to the Tennessee river, which we reached about 10:00 A. M., and marched along a railroad bed to near Bridgeport, where the brigade encamped in line of battle near the bridge and river. Distance marched, ten miles. November 16th — Monday. — Drew clothing. Cool. Rested in camp. Semi-weekly return sent in — commissioned officers, 15; enlisted men, 252; sick, 13; present aggregate, 267. Copy of monthly return sent to adjutant general’s office and one made for office. “List of deserters” for October sent to provost marshal general bj T mail. No deserters. November 17th — Tuesday. — Ewing’s division crossed the river. Remained in camp. November 18th — Wednesday . — Marched to Bridgeport [popu- lation, 1880, 200], Jackson county, Alabama, at 7:00 a. m. Our division moved, but our brigade being in the rear we started at 1:00 p. M. We crossed the river on a pontoon bridge to an island and across another pontoon bridge to the south side of the Ten- nessee river. Special Orders, No. 177, Headquarters Third Di- vision, received, relieving Hospital Steward George M. D. Lam- bert from duty with the regiment and leaving him in charge of convalescent camp of our division. We passed some fortifica- 266 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 tions. Marched one mile. Stopped for supper. Started after dark and marched to Shell Mound [population, 1880, 50], Marion county, Tennessee. Camped at 9:00 p. m. Orders not to beat our drums. Distance marched, eight miles. November 19th — Thursday. — Started about 7 a. m. Marched up the Tennessee Valley through Whiteside [population, 1880, 300], Marion county, Tennessee, and then in the valley and along a railroad to the vicinity of Lookout Mountain, which we came in sight of just at suuset. Skirted around the mountain after dark, within range of the enemy’s cannon, and at 9:00 P. M. halted for an hour. Chattanooga is eight miles away. Marched four miles toward Chattanooga. Passed through Hooker’s camps. Halted at 12:00 p. m. and bivouacked on a hill in a field. Cool. Poor, rock}- roads. Could see rebel fires on Lookout Mountain. Distance marched to-day, twenty miles. November 20tli — Friday. — Started at 1:30 a. m. Marched to the Tenuessee river, at Brown’s Ferry, on the river below Chat- tanooga. Crossed on a pontoon, at 3:00 A. M., to Moccasin Point. Got on the wrong road and countermarched. Turned off to the left down a ravine toward Dallas up the river. Camped at daylight in a ravine one mile from the Tennessee river. Pontoon train passed in the night up the river. Lieutenant Wellman joined the regiment from furlough. Semi-weekly re- turn for the nineteenth sentln — commissioned officers, 15; en- listed men, 241; total, 256. We are in bivouac near Crane’s Hill, on the top of which our signal station is located. November 21st — Saturday. — Rained all day. Had no tents. We could see Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge from a hill close to camp. Mud! Mud! Tri-weekly returns sent in — for duty, 13 officers and 197 men; on extra and daily duty, 2 officers and 42 men; sick, 4 men; total, 243. In the after- noon received orders to be ready for an important movemeut, taking one hundred rounds of ammunition and three days’ rations and leaving everything else behind. November 22d — Sunday. — Heard heavy cannonading on Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge. Eight or ten batter- ies went down to the river and then came back. In camp all day awaiting orders. Bright sunshine after the rain. Went up 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 267 on Crane’s Hill and watched the movements of the rebels across the river. Both armies in plain view, as well as Look- out Mountain, Moccasin Point, Chattanooga, etc., the whole making a magnificent sight. [Prom Nashville to Chattanooga by railroad is 136 miles; from Chattanooga to Knoxville one hundred and ten miles. — Ed.] At 8:00 p. m. received orders to move precisely at midnight. Plan of operations set forth in detail. At 9:00 p. m. the above order was countermanded. First Sergeant Wells of Company A received commission as first lieutenant. November 23d — Monday. — Still in camp. Semi-monthly re- turn sent in — for duty, 15 officers and 191 men; on extra and daily duty, 2 officers and 41 men; sick, 10 men; total, 242. First Sergeant Wells of Company A reported as first lieuten- ant. In the afternoon heard heavy cannonading and then a continuous musketry fire from Thomas’ front. Died away just at dark. All kinds of rumors afloat as to what was going on. Probably it was a reconnaissance in force caused by ru- mors that the rebels were evacuating. From all accounts we drove the rebels nearly to Missionary Ridge. Dark and rainy in the evening while all were preparing for the contemplated move. Col. Gabe Bouck of the Eighteenth Wisconsin commands our brigade. We copy the following from a letter written home by an officer of the regiment on Nov. 23, 1863: We left Bridgeport on the eighteenth instant, crossing the Tennessee river at that place on a pontoon bridge. Marched six miles and camped at 10:00 p. M. The next morning we were up and off at seven o’clock. Just at sunset we came in sight of Lookout Mountain, the highest point among the mountains in this section. It is held by the rebels, although Lookout Valley and Raccoon Mountain opposite are in our possession, having been taken by Hooker about the first of the present month. [October 27th, at 5:00 A. M. , General Hazen’s command of about one thousand eight hundred men, in sixty pontoon boats, landed at Brown’s Ferry, surprised the guards, and by 10:00 A. M. the bridge was laid. Hooker crossed the river at Bridgeport on the twenty-sixth and meeting but slight resistance emerged into Lookout Valley. — Ed.] One thous- and two hundred prisoners and seven cannon fell into Hooker’s hands. We marched down this valley, which opens to the Tennessee river below Chatta- nooga, all the time in sight of the batteries and rebel picket fires on Lookout, 268 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 which from its great elevation seemed j nst above us, though in reality two miles away, and at nine o’clock halted in a grove for an hour’s rest; then on to Chat- tanooga, eight miles distant. We had marched twenty miles already, and more, and the men were tired enough to stop. At ten o’clock we were again in mo- tion, but after a march of four miles we were unexpectedly ordered to camp and move on to Chattanooga at eight o’clock in the morning. Everyone felt thankful, so we stretched ourselves under our blaukets, under the cold, cloudy autumnal sky and under the ever-watchful Lookout. I had just got to sleep — it might have been an hour after we had halted — when I was awakened by someone shaking me and saying, “ Up! we march atonce!” Weary and half asleep, I looked up at Lookout. No sound from its lofty crest; nothing but the active signal light which we had seen early in the evening. I couldn’t understand it. I now know what it meant. One thing was certain: Everybody was rolling blankets, putting on belts and “cussing.” I had just time to dress and get ready when the order, “Forward!” rang down the line. It was one o’clock — cold and dark — when we filed into the road and started again for Chattanooga. At 3:00 A. M. we crossed the Tennessee river on a bridge of boats, all the time under the eye of the ubiquitous Lookout, distant three and a half miles, but it seemed much nearer. We marched a mile or two on the Chattanooga road, halted and re- traced our steps. “Someone had blundered.” Took another road running to the north of Chattanooga and striking the river about that place. The men were nearly exhausted. More than once during the night I fell asleep on my horse. At every brief halt men throw themselves on the ground and snatch a moment’s sleep. It was broad daylight when we halted here in a ravine near the river, some distance above the town. Yesterday was Sunday, pleasant, with bright sunshine and clear sky. In the forenoon I went up to the top of a high point at the left of our camp, from which a splendid view may be had. It was a magnificent picture. Just below, the broad Tennessee. Beyond the river, running parallel thereto and distant about two miles, stretches Missionary Ridge. Away to the right rises Lookout, alone, and higher than the ground you stand on. Between the two, Thomas’ camps at Chattanooga, with a brisk cannonade along that commander’s front, and all the rough hilly ground intervening looks almost like a plain from your superior height. All this, I say, makes a grand picture. I saw it yesterday. It paid me well for climbing to the top. A view from the top of that mountain to-morrow will be such as a man could not expect to see twice during a lifetime. It will be grand. Last night at dark we re- ceived orders to move at miduigbt. In an hour we received notice that the enterprise had been postponed twenty-four hours, so we are under orders to move to-night at twelve o’clock. Sherman’s corps, now comprising six divi- sions, juso from Vicksburg, is ordered to cross the river near the mouth of the Chickamauga, and carry and hold the eastern end of Missionary Ridge. The un- dertaking is a difficult one to bring to a successful issue. The ridge is well for- tified. The enemy is strong. Our advance is to cross the river in boats, and covered by our artillery on this side, gain the foothold. A pontoon bridge is to be thrown across as quickly as possible and troops rushed across to the support of the advance, when the corps, twenty or twenty-five thousand strong, must carry and hold Missionary Ridge. Our centre and right will most likely attack in order to prevent the enemy from sending re-enforcements against us on the left. Our 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 269 brigade is to cross in boats. Our regiment is to be in the advance as skirmish- ers, so you see that we shall have enough to do, and if by any mishap the enterprise should fail (which may the Lord forbid!) we shall be annihilated or captured. It was intended this move should be made three days ago, but all the troops did not arrive until late yesterday. These statements are facts re- ceived by me from the colonel, who got his information in a council of officers at brigade headquarters, and if no change is made in the program twelve o’clock to-night will see us moving to begin our part in the great work. Badeau says: By Friday night, November 20th, 116 pontoons were hidden in North Chickamauga creek, which empties into the Tennessee from the north five miles above the mouth of the South Chickamauga (which is about four miles above Chattanooga and runs from the south). It is a sluggish stream, one hun- dred and eighty feet wide. This stream offered such facilities for launching the boats that it was determined to put the pontoons in the water there and float them down, loaded with soldiers, to the point of crossing. * * * Seven hundred and fifty oarsmen were selected from the two armies, and these, with Giles A. Smith’s brigade, were placed at the head of Sherman’s column and marched under cover of the hills to the North Chickamauga. Before mid- night of the twenty-third of November the pontoons were loaded with thirty armed men each, and the whole fleet, carrying Giles Smith’s brigade, pushed carefully out of the North Chickamauga and then dropped silently down the Tennessee. Floating quietly by the rebel sentinels they reached their destina- tion, a point just above the mouth of the South Chickamauga. A small force then jumped ashore, and advancing rapidly captured the enemy's outguard, twenty in number, before the rebels were aware of the presence of a foe. Smith then pushed rapidly below the mouth of the Chickamauga, disem- barked the rest of his brigade and dispatched the pontoons back for other loads. We quote from the diary of Adjutant Kittredge: At 2:00 p. m. of the twenty-third we left camp and marched rapidly and quietly up the river to the place of crossing. We got into boats and were rowed over to the south side of the river, which we reached at half-past one o’clock on the morning of the twenty-fourth. Our regiment was the first one of our division to cross, meeting with no opposition. Climbed the ridge at the mouth of Chickamauga creek just below the crest. The brigade formed in line and proceeded to fortify on the ridge and the regiment deployed forward as skirmishers. By daylight we were advancing across the fields, meeting no re- sistance. Captured three cavalry patrols with their horses Halted about 10:00 A. M. and the division threw up a second line of works, the right resting on the river, and remained quite a while. Pontoons were thrown across and the artillery was brought over. About 1:00 p. m. all was ready, when our di- vision formed close column by division, our line of skirmishers so deployed as to cover the front and right flank. Our regiment, as skirmishers for our divi- sion front, pushed on rapidly through woods and through a swamp, and then, 270 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 swinging half to the left, advanced across the Western & Atlantic railroad, through a vineyard and then directly up Middle Hill (the position assigned our division to occupy) and into the valley between that and Tunnel Hill. Here we met a very brisk fire, which was kept up until long after dark. The regi- ment was relieved about 8:00 p. m. by the Forty-eighth Indiana, and came up to the top of the hill aud formed in line back of the ridge. Private E. Ruble of Company I was wounded slightly in the leg [and afterwards died of it on December 3d. — Ed.]. No one else of our regiment hurt. Our brigade fortified the crest of the ridge during the night. The Second and Third brigades moved in the evening to support Ewing’s division, which was said to have been partially repulsed. During the day heavy firing was heard in the direction of Lookout. J. N. Bradford of Company B, under date of November 24th, says: Frank De Mers and myself (after we crossed the river and the enemy’s pickets had been captured without firing a shot, and we were about a mile inland and were forming our lines ready to advance) started up the road with our guns and soon discovered two of the enemy on horseback riding down the road toward us. They were riding along carelessly and had not yet discovered that we were across the river. Before they saw us I proposed to my companion to get behind a stump and to capture them as they came up, but he declined and went back. I, however, secreted myself and when they rode up brought my gun up and halted them. One threw up his hands and said “Don’t shoot! I surrender!” But the other, who was a lieutenant, wheeled his horse sud- denly and made his escape through a shower of balls which our men fired at him, for he rode right up our line and hundreds fired at him. I got my pris- oner, whose name was also Bradford, and his horse, which was a fine animal, as Colonel Tourtellotte will remember. The volley fired at that officer in his flight up the road was the first notice that the enemy had that we were on that side of the river. We were then deployed as skirmishers and advanced on the trot, Colonel Tourtellotte following closely behind and some of the time ahead and urging us forward until we struck the railroad track, where we halted until our forces could come up. Bradford says, “Tourtellotte took the horse and never said ‘ Thank you!’ ” By 9:00 a. m. the colonel, adjutant and sergeant major were all mounted on the steeds of captured rebel scouts. General Tourtellotte writes: This circumstance occurred in regard to the Fourth Minnesota crossing the river first at Missionary Ridge. The brigade commander called his regimental commanders together and told them that his brigade was ordered to cross the river first on the morning of the fight and asked who was willing to lead the way. It was supposed that our crossing would be fiercely opposed. I de- sired permission to cross first with my regiment. I did not say that the mat- ter of a little (or much) fighting to get across the river would make no differ- 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 271 ence with my regiment, but others were permitted to make whatever inference they chose. And that very advance hy our brigade on the first day prevented our taking the lead on the next day and saved us from the very severe and un- successful fight in which the other brigade was engaged. Our regiment was not the first of General Sherman’s army that crossed the river, but it was the first of our division to cross, and we had the division front to cover. Before the battle of Missionary Ridge provisions were scarce for man and beast. One of my horses had eaten no government forage for several days nor could we get any in the country. The other horse had been fed some hard bread. We saw s >me stacks of grain on the enemy’s side of the river and at length we started for those stacks. All officers were on foot at our first crossingin the boats, and I directed that one horse should be brought to me when the pon- toon bridge was laid. Before the bridge was laid the man and horse were cap- tured, as mentioned in the diary. I mounted the captured horse and sent back word that my horses should be fed and not brought to me. In advanc- ing up the hill that day I rode into a vineyard. The fence was very high at our place of exit. The men climbed the fence, but the captured horse could not, and as I could not spare the time to ride hack to the place of entering the vineyard, as we expected the enemy upon us every moment, I dismounted and left the horse where he stood, climbed the fence and went on foot with the men. A captain of artillery was afterward seen riding the captured horse and I did not get one of my own horses for two days. Adjutant Kittredge says, under date of November 25th: Bivouacked on Middle Hill behind the intrenchments. Heard in the morn- ing that Lookout Mountain had been carried hy assault. During the forenoon our forces moved to the assault of Tunnel Hill, which the rebels had been for- tifying during the night. Our regiment and the Fifty-ninth Indiana and Eighteenth Wisconsin remained on the ridge. From there we could see the whole affair, which was gallant in the extreme. Step by step our men advanced up the hill in the face of a terrible fire. All seemed working well, when about 4:00 p. M. the right of the line was attacked by a heavy force from Missionary Ridge and our men were almost surrounded and forced to fall hack, losing quite a number in prisoners. Our left held its' ground and proceeded to fortify during the night. The capture of Lookout was confirmed and seemed to lighten the sorrow occasioned by our partial repulse and heavy loss. Laid down for the night expecting a renewal of the attack on the morrow. Col. Holden Putnam of the Ninety-third Illinois Infantry was killed in these operations. Sly says: At one o’clock on the twenty-fourth we advanced up Chickamauga creek in front of our division. Met the rebels on the first hill of Missionary Ridge. Drove them over to the next hill. Skirmished until dark. Marched back to the first hill and camped on the north side of the hill. Very cold. One man wounded. I helped carry him back to the surgeon’s, and on returning to the reserve of the skirmish line down hill, dodging from tree to tree as the rebels 272 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 fired at me, I dropped my revolver. Stopped behind a tree and saw where it was np the hill. Started for it. The rebels fired a volley between me and the next tree down hill. Got the revolver and ran back. Took the litter and ran down the hill to the reserve. Had nothing to eat until 9:00 P. M. November 25th — Wednesday. — We are acting as reserve on the first hill captured. Skirmishing commenced in the morn- ing in front of us. Some shells were thrown over us. Could see the troops fighting across the ravine in front of us. We are with the reserve of Smith’s division and on the crest of the first hill captured on the twenty -fourth. November 36th — Thursday. — Marched down the hill. Crossed back over the railroad. Marched to the river and drew rations. At eight o’clock we crossed Chickamauga creek on a pontoon, then marched up the creek to the old bridge and road. Passed some rebel breastworks. Crossed the Knoxville railroad. Marched one mile. Started after dark. Passed Chickamauga Station [population, 1880, 75], which was burning. Passed some huts built by the rebels. Plenty of' cornmeal scattered along the road. Fences were burning. November 27tli — Friday. — Marched southeast eight miles, to Graysville, Catoosa county, Georgia. [Population, 1880, 279.] Camped on a side lull. Drew quarter rations. November 28th — Saturday. — Rained. Detailed to fix roads. Marched through fields and by-roads to the mouth of the Chickamauga creek. Waited until late in the evening for our turn to cross. Crossed and marched to the other bridge near division hospital. Crossed the Tennessee river late after dark, to our old camp. Marched sixteen miles to-day. No rations. Very cold. [Population, 1880, Chattanooga, Hamilton county ? Tennessee, 17,500.] Young says: Here occurred one of the most trying times in the history of the organization. They reached the camp wet, tired and hungry, to find that they had no tents nor a pound of anything to eat. Lieutenant , Eighteenth Wisconsin, acting commissray of subsistence, was sound asleep in his tent, regardless of the fact that a brigade of worn and famished men were coming. The writer was present when the fact was brought to the notice of Col. Gabe Bouck, Eigh- teenth Wisconsin, who commanded the brigade. As soon as Bouck ascertained where the delinquency was located, he proceeded, in his peculiar way, to roast that officer, and for a few minutes there was a storm of profane expletives 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 273 heard there the like of which has probably never been equaled. We got one day’s rations at 4:00 A. M., the twenty-ninth, with orders to make it last four days. Cold wind all day. The animals suffered even more than the men. Nearly all the artillery and field and staff horses were starved so as to be useless. Mules died from starvation by the hundreds. Missionary Ridge. General Sherman states, in his official report: At last, on the twenty-third of November, my three divisions lay behind the hills (Osterhaus’ division was left to act with Hooker) opposite the mouth of the Chiekamauga. I dispatched the brigade of the Second Division, com- manded by Gen. Giles A. Smith, under cover of the hills, to North Chiekamauga creek to man the boats designed for the pontoon bridge, with orders (at mid- night) to drop down silently to a point above the mouth of South Chiekamauga, there land two regiments, who were to move along the river bank quietly and capture the enemy’s river pickets. Gen. Giles A. Smith then was to drop rapidly below the mouth of the Chiekamauga, disembark the rest of his bri- gade and dispatch the boats across for fresh loads. These orders were skillfully executed, and every rebel picket but one was captured. The balance of Gen. Morgan L. Smith’s division was then rapidly ferried across, that of Gen. John E. Smith followed, and by daylight of November 24th two divisions of about eight thousand men were on the east bank of the Tennessee and had thrown up a very respectable rifle-trench as a tete du pont. As soon as the day dawned some of the boats were taken from the use of ferrying and a pontoon bridge was begun, under the immediate direction of Captain Dresser, the whole planned and supervised by Gen. William F. Smith in person. A pontoon bridge was also built at the same time over Chiekamauga creek near its mouth, giving communication with the two regiments which had been left on the north side and fulfilling a most important purpose at a later stage of the drama. I will here bear my willing testimony to the completeness of this whole business. All the officers charged with the work were present and mani- fested a skill which I cannot praise too highly. I have never beheld any work done so quickly, so well; and I doubt if the history of war can show a bridge of that extent (viz., thirteen hundred and fifty feet) laid so noiselessly and well in so short a time. I attribute it to the genius and intelligence of Gen. William F. Smith. The steamer Dunbar arrived in the course of the morning and relieved Ewing’s division of the labor of rowing across, but by noon the pontoon bridge was done and my three divisions were across, with men, horses, artillery and everything. Gen. Jeff. C. Davis’ division was ready to take the bridge and I ordered the columns to form in order to carry the Missionary Hills. The movement had been carefully explained to all division com- manders, and at 1:00 p. M. we marched from the river in three columns en 18 274 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 echelon : The left, Gen. Morgan L. Smith — the column of direction — following substantially Chickamauga creek; the centre, Gen. John E. Smith, in columns doubled on the centre at one brigade interval, to the right and rear; the right, General Ewing, in column, at the same distance to the right and rear, prepared to deploy to the right, on the supposition that we would meet an enemy in that direction. Each head of column was covered by a good line of skirmish- ers with supports. A light drizzling rain prevailed and the clouds hung low, cloaking our movement from the enemy’s tower of observation on Lookout Mountain. We soon gained the foothills. Our skirmishers crept up the face of the hills, followed by their supports, and at 3:30 p. m. we had gained, with no loss, the desired point. A brigade of each division was pushed rapidly to the top of the hill and the enemy for the first time seemed to realize the move- ment; but too late, for we were in possession. He opened with artillery, but General Ewing soon got some of Captain Richardson’s guns up that steep hill and gave back artillery, and the enemy’s skirmishers made one or two ineffec- tual dashes at General Lightburn, who had swept around and got a further hill, which was the real continuation of the ridge. From studying all the maps I had inferred that Missionary Ridge was a continuous hill, but we found ourselves on two high points, with a deep depres- sion between us and the one immediately over the tunnel, which was my chief objective point. The ground we had gained, however, was so important that I could leave nothing to chance, and ordered it to be fortified during the night. One brigade of each division was left on the hill, one of Gen. Morgan L. Smith’s closed the gap at Chickamauga creek, two of Gen. John E. Smith’s were drawn back to the base in reserve and General Ewing’s right was ex- tended down into the plain, thus crossing the ridge in a general line facing southeast. The enemy felt our left flank about 4:00 p. M. and a pretty sharp engagement with artillery and muskets ensued, when he drew off; but it cost us dear, for Gen. Giles A. Smith was severely wounded and had to go to the rear. * * * As night closed in I ordered Gen. Jeff. C. Davis to keep one of his brigades at the ridge, one close up to my position and one intermediate. Thus we passed the night, heavy details being kept busy at work on the intrenchments on the hill. During the night the sky cleared away bright, a cold frost filled the air and our campfires revealed to the enemy and to our friends in Chattanooga our position on Missionary Ridge. About midnight I received at the hands of Major Rowley (of General Grant’s staff) orders to attack the enemy at “dawn of day,” with notice that General Thomas would attack in force early in the day. Accordingly before day I was in the saddle attended by all my staff, rode to the extreme left of our position near Chicka- mauga creek, thence up the hill held by General Lightburn and around to the extreme right of General Ewing. Catching as accurate an idea of the ground as possible by the dim light of morning, I saw that our line of attack was in the direction of Missionary Ridge, with wings supporting on either flank. Quite a valley lay between us and the next hill of the series, and this hill presented steep sides, the one to the west partially cleared and the other covered with the native forest. The crest of the ridge was narrow and wooded. The further point of this hill was held by the enemy with a breastwork of logs and fresh earth, filled with men and two guns. The enemy was also seen in great force 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 275 on a still higher hill beyond the tunnel, from -which he had a fine plunging fire on the hill in dispute. The gorge between, through which several roads and the railroad tunnel pass, could not be seen from our position, but formed the natural place d’armes where the enemy covered his masses to resist our con- templated movement of turning his right flank and endangering his communi- cations with his depot at Chickamauga Station. As soon as possible the following dispositions were made: The brigade of Colonels Cockrell and Alexander and General Lightburn were to hold our hill as the key-point. Gen- eral Corse, with as much of his brigade as could operate along the narrow ridge, was to attack from our right centre. General Lightburn was to dispatch a good regiment from his position to co-operate with General Corse, and Gen. Morgan L. Smith was to move along the east base of Missionary Ridge, con- necting with General Corse; Colonel Loomis, in like manner, to move along the west base, supported by the two reserve brigades of Gen. John E. Smith. The sun had hardly risen before General Corse had completed his preparations and his bugle sounded the “Forward!” The Fortieth Illinois, supported by the Forty-sixth Ohio on our right centre, with the Thirtieth Ohio (Colonel Jones), moved down the face of the hill and up that held by the enemy. The line advanced to within about eighty yards of the intrenched position, where Gen- eral Corse found a secondary crest which he gained and held. To this point he called his reserves and asked for re-enforcements, which were sent, but the space was narrow and it was not well to crowd the men, as the enemy’s artillery and musketry fire swept the approach to his position, giving him great advantage. As soon as General Corse had made his preparations he assaulted, and a close, severe contest ensued, which lasted more than an hour, gaining and losing ground, but never the position first obtained, from which the enemy in vain attempted to drive him. Gen. Morgan L. Smith kept gaining ground on the left spurs on Missionary Ridge and Colonel Loomis got abreast of the tunnel and railroad embankment on his side, drawing the enemy’s fire, and to that extent relieving the assaulting party on the hill crest. Captain Collender had four of his guns on General Ewing’s hill and Captain Woods his Napoleon battery on General Lightburn’s; also, two guns of Dillon’s with Colonel Alexander’s brigade. All directed their fire as carefully as possible to clear the hill to our front without endangering our own men. The fight raged furiously about 10:00 A. M. , when General Corse received a severe wound, was brought off the field and the command of the brigade and of the assault at that key-point devolved on that fine, gallant young officer, Colonel Walcott of the Forty-sixth Ohio, who fulfilled his part manfully. He continued the contest, pressing forward at all points. Colonel Loomis had made good progress to the right, and about 2:00 p. M. Gen. John E. Smith, judging the battle to be most severe on the hill and being required to support General Ewing, ordered up Colonel Raum’s and General Matthies’ brigades across the field to the sum- mit that was being fought for. They moved up under a heavy fire of cannon and musketry and joined Colonel Walcott, but the crest was so narrow that they necessarily occupied the west face of the hill. The enemy at the time being massed in great strength in the tunnel gorge, moved a large force under cover of the ground and the thick bushes and suddenly appeared on the right rear of this command. The suddenness of the attack disconcerted the men, exposed as they were in the open field; they fell back in some disorder to the 276 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 lower edge of the field and reformed. These two brigades were in the nature of supports and did not constitute a part of the real attack. The movement, seen from Chattanooga (five miles off) with spy-glasses, gave rise to the report, which even General Meigs has repeated, that we were repulsed on the left. It was not so. The real attacking columns of General Corse, Colonel Loomis and General Smith were not repulsed. They engaged in a close struggle all day persistently, stubbornly and well. When the two reserve brigades of Gen. John E. Smith fell back, as described, the enemy made a show of pursuit, but were in their turn caught in flank by the well-directed fire of our brigade on the wooded crest and hastily sought cover behind tjie hill. Thus matters stood about 3:00 p. m. The day was bright and clear and the amphitheatre of Chattanooga lay in beauty at our feet. I had watched for the attack of General Thomas “ early in the day.” Column after column of the enemy was streaming toward me; gun after gun poured its concentric shot on us from every hill and spur that gave a view of any part of the ground held by us. An occasional shot from Fort Wood and Orchard Knob and some musketry fire and artillery over about Lookout Mountain was all that I could detect on our side; but about 3:00 p. M. I noticed the white line of musketry fire in front of Orchard Knoll extending further and further right and left and on. We could only hear a faint echo of sound, but enough was seen to satisfy me that General Thomas was at last moving on the centre. I knew that our attack had drawn vast masses of the enemy to our flank and felt sure of the result. Some guns which had been firing on us all day were silent or were turned in a different direction. The advancing line of musketry fire from Orchard Knoll disappeared to us behind a spur of the hill and could no longer be seen, and it was not until night closed in that I knew that the troops in Chattanooga had swept across Missionary Ridge and broken the enemy’s centre. Of course the victory was won and pursuit was the next step. I ordered Gen. Morgan L. Smith to feel to the tunnel, and it was found vacant save by the dead and wounded of our own and the enemy commingled. The reserve of Gen. Jeff. C. Davis was or- dered to march at once by the pontoon bridge across Chickamauga creek at its mouth and push forward for the depot. * * * By about 11:00 A. M. Gen. Jeff. C. Davis’ division reached the depot, just in time to see it in flames. He found the enemy occupying two hills, partially intrenched, just beyond the depot. These he soon drove away. The depot presented a scene of desolation that war alone exhibits — cornmeal and corn in huge burning piles, broken wag- ons, abandoned caissons, two thirty-two pounder rifled guns with carriages burned, pieces of pontoons, balks and chesses, etc. (destined doubtless for the famous invasion of Kentucky), and all manner of things, burning and broken. Still the enemy kindly left us a good supply of forage for our horses, and meal, beans, etc., for our men. Pausing but a short while we passed on, the road filled with broken wagons and abandoned caissons, till night. Just as the head of the column emerged from a dark, miry swamp, we encountered the rear guard of the retreating enemy. The fight was sharp, but the night closed in so dark that we could not move. General Grant came up to us there. At day- light we resumed the march, and at Graysville, where a good bridge spanned the Chickamauga, we found the corps of General Palmer on the south bank, who informed us that General Hooker was on a road still further south, and we could hear his guns near Ringgold. 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 277 It being necessary to relieve the army of General Burnside, which was besieged at Knoxville, over one hundred miles dis- tant, by Longstreet’s forces, General Sherman marched with the First and Second divisions of his corps (Howard’s and Jeff. C. Davis’) and some other troops to that place, arriving there December 6th, and returned to the vicinity of Chatta- nooga about the nineteenth. November 29th — Sunday. — Cold wind drove the men to the ravine and woods for shelter. Drew quarter rations. November 30tli — Monday. — Drew some beef. Had to eat corn. Cold. Monthly Returns for November , 1863. — Forduty, 14 officers and 198 men; extra and daily, 2 officers and 40 men; sick duty, 1 officer and 2 men; total, 17 officers and 240 men. Detached, 2 officers and 75 men; sick, 6 officers and 212 men; without leave, 2 officers and 3 men; with leave, 1 man; total, 10 officers and 291 men. No deserters. December 1st — Tuesday. — Drew half rations. In camp. Were reviewed by General Hunter. Generals Grant, Logan and Smith were present. In the evening the regiment was paid by Major Tillman up to Oct. 31, 1863. Tourtellotte, Cross, Wedel, Murphy, Kittredge and Rich were all paid. Lieut. L. R. Wellman was mustered in as first lieutenant from Oct. 3, 1863. December 2d — Wednesday. — Remained in camp awaiting orders to move as soon as teams could be procured, ours having been sent off for forage, meal, etc. December 3d — Thursday. — Started at 7:00 a. m. Marched to Brown’s Ferry. Crossed the Tennessee river on a pontoon bridge. Passed General Hooker’s headquarters and had a good view of the general, who was standing in front of his tent watching us. Found the roads very bad. Sent the men on the railroad, meeting them at Whiteside, near the ruins of the large railroad bridge that was burned. We marched about a mile from the bridge and camped on a side hill in Trenton Valley. The wagon train did not come up for the first time in all our experience, having got tangled up with trains going the other way over the mountains. Consequently the men spent the night hungry and cold. Rations were promised 278 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1863 ns, but the men sent for them could not find them. Distance marched to-day, fourteen miles. December lyth . — Friday. — Remained in camp till the rations could he found. At last the regiment received two boxes of hard bread. That issued, we started. Marched past Shell Mound and to Bridgeport. Crossed the river on pontoon bridge and camped one mile below the railroad bridge, on the bank of the river. Drew rations. Sent back extra mules to assist our train over the road. Distance for the day, thirteen miles. December 6th — Sunday. — Policed a camp and had Sunday inspection. Bridgeport is twenty-eight miles down the river from Chattanooga. December 11th — Friday. — Adjutant Kittredge went to Nash- ville to-day on a seven days’ leave of absence, on business for the regiment, to purchase four Sibley stoves and supplies of clothing and other goods for the officers and men; also, a twenty-four-inch bass drum and mouthpieces for the brass instruments, fifteen music books, etc. While in Nashville he visited Maj. A. E. Welch, who was then sick in hospital and who died on Feb. 1, 1864. December 20th — Sunday. — Got orders to-day for our First Brigade to march to Huntsville, Ala., seventy miles distant. The rest of our division and the baggage of our brigade is to follow us in a day or two. We go to relieve troops there now and under marching orders. December 21st — Monday. — We marched at daylight to the railroad. Crossed. Marched close to the Cumberland moun- tains to Stevenson [population, 1880, 300], Jackson county, Alabama. We started with a citizen as a guide. Marched on the railroad, four miles. We are to make all haste possible so as to get there and relieve the other troops. We have ten days’ rations and plenty of ammunition with our brigade. Marched south one and one-half miles to the wagon road and camped. The horsemen and teams had to go a long way around and did not get up at night. Plenty of mud. December 22d — Tuesday. — Marched four miles. Crossed a creek near a mill. Marched six miles to Bellefonte. [Popu- 1863] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 279 lation, 1880, 150.] Marched three-quarters of a mile. Turned off on the wrong road. Marched one and one-half miles. Turned back to a cross-road. Got on the right road. Met the officers. Marched one and one-half miles and camped. December 23d — Wednesday. — The teams came up. Marched three miles to Scottsborough, Jackson county, Alabama [popu- lation, 1880, 800], at the foot of the mountains. Marched four and one-half miles on the railroad to Larkinsville, Ala. [Popu- lation, 1880, 300.] Marched six and one-half miles and en- camped. The teams and horsemen took the wagon road. Cool. December 24-th — Thursday. — Four companies rearguard. Marched seven miles to Paint Rock, Jackson county, Alabama. [Population, 1880, 60.] Marched on the railroad. Left the railroad at the forty-mile post, marched three miles and camped on a hill. Cold. Cedar bushes and trees all around. December 25th — Friday. — Christmas. W e started before day- light and marched six miles to Maysville, Madison county, Ala- bama. [Population, 1880, 230.] Marched two miles to a creek. Crossed in the wagons and then marched eight miles to within sight of Huntsville, Madison county, Alabama [population, 1880, 4,976], and camped on a hill. Details went to town on guard. Rain. December 26th — Saturday. — We camped last night on the plantation of a man who is said to have shot General McCook last year. The house is destroyed and everything is desolate. We started before daylight over the rough frozen ground, sur- rounded by wintry darkness, and marched into town. On ar- riving w T e went into the empty houses near the depot of the Memphis & Charleston Railroad and built bunks. Rain and cold. December 29th — Tuesday. — The regiment received orders about 10:00 p. m. to proceed at once toward Athens to a ferry on the Tennessee river, and with a squadron of cavalry (two companies), secure and destroy all boats and collect and bring in supplies for the brigade. We started at 10:00 p. m. Marched west eight miles. Clear and cold. Good roads. December 30tlx — Wednesday. — We kept on marching until eight o’clock this morning. At three o’clock in the morning 280 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1864 we passed Madison Station. Stopped four hours at a planta- tion. Marched four miles toward the Tennessee river. Stopped two hours. Started back, and after marching six miles camped on a plantation. Clear and cool. Commenced driving along hogs, cattle and sheep. December 31st — Thursday . — Marched to Madison Station [population, 1880, 500] and stopped for dinner. Marched one mile and then stopped in the houses. Rained all day and night. Sleet and snow. Very cold. Ice two inches thick. January 1st — Friday. — Started at nine o’clock and marched to Huntsville. Very cold. Had a large drove of cat- tle, sheep and hogs and lots of plantation teams filled with negroes. General Tourtellotte, in writing us in reply to our inquiry, states: The expedition you speak of, from Huntsville to destroy some ferry-boats, which the enemy were using to carry supplies across the Tennessee river, and to bring in some cattle, I remember well. The expedition was ordered by the brigade commander and consisted of the Fourth Minnesota and two companies of cavalry. The cavalry were taken, as we had to strike the river about day- light at two different places, and the cavalry were to go to the most distant place. We were to have started at dusk, but the guide did not come until ten or eleven o’clock, and we then started. We had some eighteen miles (more or less) to go, and after we had marched some ten miles (more or less) I found that the infantry could never make the river by daylight, so I ordered Edson to bivouac with the regiment and I started with the cavalry on a trot for the river. I divided the cavalry into two parts so as to strike the two places on the river as was intended. One ferry-boat was taken and destroyed. The infantry did not go within several miles of the river, but they collected (as they had been directed) a large number of cattle, sheep, and perhaps hogs, which were driven back to camp. The last night of that expedition (the regi- ment was two days in returning) will be remembered by some of the men as very cold. Capt. W. W. Rich informs us that the expedition also took three prisoners and drove back seven hundred cattle, sheep and hogs, four or five ox teams and the wagons loaded with poultry, sweet potatoes and corn. It was twenty-five miles to the river. 1864] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 281 January l^th — Monday. — Over three-quarters of the regi- ment present for duty. Re-enlisted as veterans for three years more of service — 219 men in all. January lltli — Monday. — Policed a camp (swept and brushed the ground) a mile and a half west from town, at Rus- sell’s Hill, and put up tents. Clear and cold. January 13th — Tuesday. — We marched out to the new camp at ten o’clock. We had hail at night. Cold. Our whole bri- gade except the Eighteenth Wisconsin is here. That remained on duty in town. January 17th — Sunday. — Commenced snowing at dark. Snowed three-fourths of an inch. It is cold. We built fire- places and chimneys. From the St. Paul Press, Jan. 12, 1864: Sick in hospital at Memphis, Tenn. — Wm. F. Seely and M. W. Cunning- ham of Company H, in Washington Hospital; Albert Johnson of Company B, in Gayoso Hospital; Wm. Dynes of Company I and J. F. Tostevin of Company K, in Adams Hospital; C. G. Peabody of Company D and J. L. Aldrich of Com- pany K, in Union Hospital. Annual Return of Alterations, Etc., Made Jan. 20, 1864, at Huntsville, Ala. Remained at Vicksburg on guard duty until September 12 th, when we em- barked and proceeded to Helena and thence to Memphis. The division (Seventh of Seventeenth Army Corps) was then temporarily assigned to General Sherman’s (Fifteenth) corps, and with it marched to Chattanooga. * * * Encamped at Bridgeport. There we were permanently assigned to the Fif- teenth Army Corps as the Third Division, John A. Logan assuming com- mand of the corps. Our brigade (First Brigade, Third Division, Fifteenth Army Corps) is now encamped near the city of Huntsville, its commander, Col. J. 1. Alexander, Fifty-ninth Indiana Infantry, commanding the post. Over 314 of the men now with the regiment have re-enlisted as veteran volunteers and are now being mustered. There are present for duty sixteen officers and two hundred and ninety men. During the year the regiment has traveled one thousand six hundred miles by steamboat, one hundred miles by railroad and has marched over eight hundred miles. 2S2 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1864 LOSSES DURING THE YEAR. Place. Deaths. Deser- tions. 12 Benton Barracks, MoT 1 2 Champion Hills 1 Chattanooga, Tenn 1 3 1 Hard Times Landing, La i 6 1 2 Keokuk, Iowa (General Hospital) 4 1 Memphis, Tenn 10 7 Milliken’s Bend, La 1 1 7 8 i Raymond, Miss 2 7 1 17 3 1 4 77 29 LOSSES BY COMPANIES. Companies. Deaths. Deser- tions. 9 3 6 1 8 2 8 9 5 8 2 6 2 6 3 9 5 8 6 77 29 Aggregate strength, Dec. 31, 1862 — Commissioned officers, 37; enlisted men, 750; total, 787. Loss during year, 1863. Commissioned officers, 16; enlisted men, 227; total, 243. Gain during the year — Commissioned officers, 6. Net loss for the year, 237. Aggregate strength, Dec. 31, 1863, 550. Re- capitulation — Commissioned officers, 27; enlisted men, 523; total, 550. January 29tli — Friday. — Received orders at 9:00 p. m. to march at 7:00 a. m. to-morrow to Whitesburg, on the Tennessee river, ten miles directly south of Huntsville, with two days’ rations and sixty rounds of ammunition, leaving camp and garrison equipage behind. 1864] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 283 January 30th — Saturday. — The regiment marched south through Huntsville, ten miles, to Whitesburg, on the north side of the river, arriving at 10:00 P. M. [Population, 1880, 140.] Our pioneers built two boats, and while at work the rebels kept firing across the river at them. We moved into the houses. Many of our men became intimately acquainted with some of the ladies of this town. Lively skirmishing between our men and the enemy was kept up for three days, when an agreement was entered into and firing ceased until some overt act should be committed. January 31st — Sunday. — Adjutant Kittredge was detached from the regiment and assigned to duty as post adjutant at Huntsville, and remained on that duty until the regiment went to Minnesota on veteran furlough. February 8th — Monday. — The paymaster came and piaid the veterans. February 9th — Tuesday. — The pioneers marched to Hunts- ville. February 13tli — Saturday. — Company A went up the river scouting. February 15tli — Monday. — Company A moved down to the bank of the river and occupied an old house. Sly says: “ My shorthand books arrived and I spent all my time studying them. In a week was able to read it.” False alarm long roll in the night. February 2Jth — Wednesday. — Five companies went out scouting. February 28th — Sunday. — Four companies started after dark and marched two miles toward Huntsville and camped. February 29th — Monday. — The rest of the regiment came up and we marched to our old camp near Huntsville and mustered. Good road. Plenty of cedar trees and bushes. March 5th — Saturday. — Start home on veteran furlough. Marched to the railroad depot. Got on the cars at 11:00 A. M. 284 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1864 Started for Minnesota at 3:00 p. m. on veteran furlough, with the following number of officers and men: Com. Of- ficers. Sergeants. Corporals. Musicians. Non-Com. Staff. Privates. Staff. 6 2 2 4 3 2 13 1 2 1 il 4 3 19 1 3 2 12 1 4 2 32 1 3 3 1 21 1 1 1 1 13 1 4 5 1 18 1 3 2 21 2 3 5 27 Total 17 31 27 5 2 187 Duty roster of officers— Captains E. U. Russell and Morrill and Lieutenants Wells, Towle, Wellman, Isaac, Douglas, Graham, Gould, Hunt and Sam Russell. Reached Stevenson at 9:00 p. m. Changed cars. Started at 10:00 p. m. for Nashville. Just as the train stopped at Anderson Station, eleven miles beyond Stevenson, a train ran into it from behind, about 11:00 p. m. Our train had stopped for water. Two cars were telescoped and three passenger cars were consumed by fire. George Therriot of Company K was burned up. Five women from Huntsville were also burned. We could see the women running around in the burning cars. In all, seven were killed or burned to death, twenty-two were wounded and twenty cars and one locomotive burned or ren- dered useless. One of the ladies burned was a Miss Picket, a relative of General Picket, who led the rebel charge at Gettys- burg. Her mother was a widow lady and lived at Huntsville. She was taken from the car alive, expressed her thanks to our men for taking her out and before she died sent messages by our men to her mother. Many of our men, especially in Com- pany I, lost guns, clothing, etc. March 6tli — Sunday. — We started at 11:00 a. m. Were de- tained several hours at Tantallon waiting for down trains to pass. At last we started on and reached Nashville on the seventh, at 3:00 A. M. Got off the cars at 4:00 A. M. and stayed at Exchange Barracks, No. 2, all day. It was afemale seminary. March 8th — Tuesday . — Marched through Nashville and got on the cars and started north. 1864] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 285 March 9th — Wednesday. — Arrived at Louisville, Ivy., at daylight. Went to the barracks. At four o’clock crossed the Ohio river to Jeffersonville, Ind., got on the cars and started north. MarchlOth — Thursday. — Arrived at Indianapolis at daylight. At twelve o’clock arrived at Chicago, 111. Went to the Sol- diers’ Rest. Got dinner. Were handsomely entertained. General Tourtellotte writes ns: I went north with my regiment on veteran furlough as far as Chicago, when I left the regiment to make a short visit to my father and mother in Connecti- cut. Then I went to Minnesota; was present and in command when the regi- ment assembled in St. Paul, where we had several dress parades, and then we started south. I used to stay very close to the regiment in those days, and was never very long from it. March 11th — Friday. — Left Chicago at one o’clock. Changed cars at Milwaukee. March 12tli — Saturday. — Arrived at La Crosse, Wis., at 7:00 A. M. Went into the courthouse. Guards put around. The men ate breakfast the best they could. At ten o’clock Major Edson came and told us the people had prepared a good dinner for us and he had put the guards around so as to keep it a secret. The men were all mad at the major, and a good deal of swearing was done, as they had all just had all they could eat. We are delayed for want of transportation — too much ice in the river. We cannot let the Fourth Minnesota Volunteers go to their homes without the assurance that they have made hundreds of warm friends in this city during their brief stay. The officers in command seem to realize their duties and re- sponsibility, and the men respect them and themselves accordingly. The Fourth Minnesota has been here four days, and in all that time we have not seen one of their number intoxicated, not one of them using profane, loud or indecent language on the streets, not one but acts like a true soldier and gen- tleman. They come and go, pass and repass, mind their own business, and the entire city would fight in their behalf if called upon. We congratulate the officers on the good conduct of their men and Minnesota on these heroes of a dozen hard fought battles. It is a pleasure to have a city full of soldiers when, like the Fourth Minnesota, every man realizes and shows by his acts and gen- tlemanly deportment that the hardships of war have not driven from the heart the finer feelings of man and that the profession of arms is one which produces gentlemen instead of loafers. The Minnesota Fourth has captured La Crosse without firing a gun. [Captain Clarke of Company H sent us this article, which 2S6 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1864 was written and published by Mr. (Brick) Pomeroy in his newspaper. It was a long article and gave a condensed history of the regiment. We omit the most of it. — Ed.] March 16th — Wednesday. — The ice being out of the river the steamboat Clara Hine is being prepared for our use to take us up the river to St. Paul. We are delayed by clearing away the new ice that forms. It is very cold. We embarked to-day on the Clara Hine and started up the river. Arrived at Winona at sundown. We got supper prepared by the ladies of the city. March 17th — Thursday. — Started at 6:00 a. m. and went to Peed’s Landing. Went to houses and remained all night. Cold. March 18th — Friday. — Got into wagons and went up Lake Pepin on the ice to Ked Wing. Very cold. March 19th — Saturday. — Went to Hastings. March HOth — Sunday. — Went to St. Paul. Stopped in In- gersoll’s Hall. Had dinner at the International Hotel. Our men will be furloughed for thirty days, to report at St. Paul on April 23d. March Hist — Monday. — Sly says: “At five o’clock got our furloughs and started for home. Several of us hired a team and traveled all night. Went bj T way of St. Anthony Falls to Shakopee.” Of the Fifth Iowa, Comrade J. Q. A. Campbell of Company B, Fifth Iowa, writes us: I do not remember when your regiment and ours separated, but think it was when we left you at Huntsville, about the last of March, to go home on veteran furlough. After we came back we were at Decatur along the Memphis & Charles- ton railroad, and at and near Kingston, Ga., until mustered out — us veterans going into the Fifth Iowa Cavalry. We veterans, after the others had gone home and before we went into the cavalry, went on an expedition from Kings- ton to Chattanooga, up into east Tennessee, back to Chattanooga, and to Stevenson, to Tullahoma, back to Stevenson, west through Huntsville to De- catur, north to Athens, Ala., and west to Duck river, after Wheeler’s cavalry, which had been sent north from Atlanta. CHAPTER XII. Return from “Vet.” Furlough — Roster of Those Returning — Our Trip Back to Huntsville — List of Sick and Wounded in Hospitals — Roster of the Third Division — Leave Huntsville for Kingston — Great Suffering from Heat on the Road ; Men and MulesSunstruckanda Caisson Explodes — Em- barked on Cars at Stevenson — Arrive at Kingston — March to Allatoona and Garrison the Post — Historic Ground — Description of Surrounding Coun- try — Engine Thieves — Roster of Third Division and also of Field and Staff, Army of the Tennessee- — Expedition Up the Railroad — Officers Getting There; Governor Miller Commissions Six Citizens Second Lieutenants, Who Recruit Thirty Men Each to Fill up the Ranks of the Regiment, so Our Officers Can be Promoted, and Violates the Plighted Faith of the State to Its Soldiers — Great Injustice and Dissatisfaction — “Atlanta Ours and Fairly Won” — Summary of Campaign — Hood’s Army Circles Around Ours — Our Non-Veterans Want Their Discharges and Can’t Get Them; Are Kept in to Swell the Numbers so Officers Can be Promoted — French’s Division Strikes Our “ Cracker Line ” at Big Shanty and Destroys It; Cap- tures Big Shanty and Acworth; Marches for Allatoona. April 22d — Friday. — The following table shows the number of officers and men returning to the front: Commission’d Officers. Enlisted Men. Aggregate. 6 9 8 2 21 23 1 14 25 15 1 16 17 26 26 29 29 1 10 11 2 29 31 9 33 35 2 24 26 22 22 17 241 258 April 23d — Saturday. — The regiment assembled at St. Paul. 2SS HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1864 April 34-th — Sunday. — Left St. Paul on the steamboat Itasca at 6:00 a. M. for Cairo, at which place we are directed to report for orders. Reported for Orders. Remaining Behind. 17 15 266 9 Enlisted men — convalescents 10 Absent without leave (one officer and 22 33 315 57 The regiment was paid to February 29th, excepting Compa- nies A and I and field and staff, paid by Maj. E. S. Kemble, Chaplain Fiske, Quartermaster Sergeant Goding and Musician Davis not present and Commissary Sergeant Woodward paid and then sent to hospital with descriptive roll. April 25th — Monday. — Beached Winona at 10:00 a. m. At four o’clock in the afternoon proceeded down the river. Ar- rived at La Crosse at dark and continued down the river. Dr. Wedel reported for duty at Winona. April 26th — Teusday. — Arrived at Dunleitli at 5:00 a. m. Debarked and went into the depot. At eight o’clock we got on the cars and started for Cairo. April 28tli — Thursday. — Arrived at Cairo at twelve o’clock. At six o’clock we embarked on the steamboat Armada and started up the Ohio river. April 29tli — Friday. — Arrived at Smithland. Debarked. At dark we embarked on the steamer J. M. McCoombs and started up the Cumberland river. April 30th — Saturday. — Arrived at Fort Donelson at eight o’clock. Arrived at Clarksville at two o’clock. The following is a list of sick and wounded reported in hos- pitals in adjutant general’s report for 1864, page 612, on April 22d : In hospital at Keokuk, Iowa. — Company B — Judson Burrows; Michael Hemerick, finger off, on duty. Company F — A. H. Cottrell, Ole Ellingson, on furlough. Company G — Joseph Blair, gunshot wound; Andrew Eich- mezer, sent to his regiment ; Jacob E. Tenvoorde, George Weggemann, sent to his regiment. Company H — Mathias Barts, pneumonia. Company I — C. C. McIntyre. At hospital at Jefferson Barracks, near St. Lou>s, Mo. — 1864] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 289 Company B — Samuel J. Fuller, on duty in dispensary. Company D — Thomas Darling, discharged. Company I — Moses T. McGrew; Alfred J. Moler, on furlough. May 1st — Sunday. — Arrived at Nashville this morning. De- barked. Marched through the city to the semiuary. May 2d — Monday. — At six o’clock three companies got on the cars and started for Huntsville. Arrived at eight o’clock. Went by way of Decatur. We are ordered on provost duty at Huntsville by General Logan, who now commands the Fifteenth Army Corps. May Ipth — Wednesday. — The rest of the regiment arrived. May 5th — Thursday. — Marched through the city and camped in the edge of town, in the old camp of the Seventeenth Iowa. Warm. Good water. Roster of Third Division, Fifteenth Army Corps, Brig. Gen. John E. Smith Commanding, in the Month of May, 1861. FIRST BRIGADE (AT HUNTSVILLE, ALA.) — COL. J. 1. ALEXANDER. Fifty-ninth Indiana Infantry. Eighteenth Wisconsin Infantry. Forty-eighth Indiana Infantry. Sixty-third Illinois Infantry. Fourth Minnesota Infantry. SECOND BRIGADE (AT LARKINSVILLE, ALA.) — COL. GREEN B. RAUM. Fifty-sixth Illinois Infantry. Eightieth Ohio Infantry. Seventeenth Iowa Infantry. Company E, Twenty-fourth Missouri Tenth Missouri Infantry. Infantry. THIRD BRIGADE (AT DECATUR, ALA.) — COL. B. D. DEAN. Twenty-sixth Missouri Infantry. Tenth Iowa Infantry. Fifth Iowa Infantry. Ninety-third Illinois Infantry. CAVALRY. Fifth Ohio Cavalry.' Company F, Fourth Missouri Cavalry. ARTILLERY. Company D, First Missouri Light Artillery. Sixth Wisconsin Battery. Twelfth Wisconsin Battery. May 18tli — Wednesday. — Cannonading in the direction of Madison Station. The regiment did provost duty in the city. 19 290 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1864 About this time came reports that a large cavalry force of the enemy had passed around our left flank, evidently to strike this very railroad somewhere below Chattanooga, I therefore re-enforced the cavalry stationed from Resaca to Cassville, and ordered forward from Huntsville, Ala., the infantry division of Gen. John E. Smith to hold Kingston securely. — [. Sherman’s “ Memoirs."] May 81st — Tuesday. — Regiment paid by Maj. Win. N. Mc- Iutire, to include April 30, 1864. All of field and staff paid except Fiske, Goding and Woodward. Lieutenant Colonel Tourtellotte received pay afterward to May 31st, as did Sur- geon Wedel (also from Major Mclntire). Monthly Return for 3Iny, 1864. — Field and staff, 11; Company A, 48; B, 45; C, 49; D, 46; E, 54; F, 54; G, 46; H, 59; I, 55, K, 49; total, 516. Colonel Alexander, who commands our brigade and also the post, has bis headquarters in the courthouse. The division headquarters is in the bank building, which is a massive stone edifice of great architectural beauty and tasteful design. As- sistant Surgeon Wedel is acting as post surgeon. June 15th — Wednesday. — Very warm weather. June 16th — Thursday. — The Third Brigade, Fifteenth Army Corps, came to Huntsville at 10:00 p. m. We expect to start for Atlanta to-morrow. June 19th — Sunday. — Had inspection at 7:30 a. m. June 20th — Monday. — We received orders to he ready to march on the twenty-second. Captains Morrill and Lev. Well- man went out on skirmish drill. Lev. soon returned. Heavy shower in the evening. June 21st — Tuesday. — Captain Morrill went out again on skirmish drill. Had dress parade. Heavy rain. June 22d — Wednesday. — We marched from Huntsville with the Third Division, Fifteenth Army Corps, at 6:00 A. M., through the city and out on the Chattanooga road. Rested at 10:30 A. M. for half an hour and arrived at Brownsborough [population, 1880, 100] at 12 m. Crossed Flint river on the railroad bridge and bivouacked just east of that stream and within two miles of Brownsborough. Nothing occurred worthy of note during the day. Cloudy and cool during the forenoon and the roads were good though a trifle muddy. The sun came out very hot in the afternoon as we lay quietly in the shade. Distance marched, eleven miles. II. K. Makcyes. 4 John Frank. 7 George \V. Keiniioel. 10 John Buhsley. 2 W. S. Kimball. 5 John W. Morse. 8 Charles Heliierg. 11 Jacob Nibbles. 3 O. H. WiiEy. 6 Washington Muzzy. 9 Frederick Bracklesberg. 12 Edward A. Whitcomb. 1864] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 291 June 23d — Thursday . — Our brigade being in the rear of tbe division did not move out until 7:00 a. m., and then tbe road was so blocked with the division train that we did not get fairly in motion until nearly eight o’clock. We halted at the spring. We reached Paint Rock Station [population, 1880, 60], Jack- son county, Alabama, about 3:00 p. m., after a very hot and fatiguing march, as the train was constantly checking us up. Crossed a small river to the east bank and camped at 4:00 p. M. Sly says: “Several men were sunstruck. I was partially sun- struck and fainted. The men opened my clothes and poured water on me.” Distance marched, sixteen miles. June 24-th — Friday. — Reveille at 3:30 a. m. The division started at 4:30 a. m. We marched at 5:45 A. M., the Third Brigade leading, followed by the First Brigade and our regi- ment leading the First. We marched rapidly during the fore- noon, reaching Larkinsville [population, 1880, 300] about noon. Two of our men were sunstruck and all suffered severely from the intense heat. After resting about an hour we pushed on to a point one mile west of Scottsborough [popula- tion, 1880, 800], Jackson county, Alabama, where we halted for the night. Morrill says: “Seven men were killed by the explosion of a caisson in the Twelfth Wisconsin Battery, and one man also in the Fifty-ninth Indiana by an accidental shot.” Our men are worn out — not one-half of the regiment in line at night. Two officers (Graham and Isaac) and seventy-six men on picket. Kittredge says: “One of the Sixty -third Illinois Infantry was instantly killed by the accidental discharge of a gun as the regiment was stacking arms. Seventeen officers and 267 men effective force. Seventeen miles to-day.” June 25tli — Saturday. — Reveille at 3:00 a. m. One man of the Fifty-ninth Indiana was buried before daylight. The di- vision left camp at 4:00 A. M., the First Brigade leading. Our regiment was rearguard for the brigade train and started out at a little before five. Passed through Bellefonte [population, 1880, 150], Ala., at 9:00 A. M. Roads mostly good, but the heat is fearful and many fell out on the march. Several of them were sunstruck, as were also some of the mules. Reached a creek three miles southwest of Stevenson [population, 1880, 292 HISTORY OP THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1864 800], Ala., at 4:00 p. m. Crossed and encamped. We are near the Tennessee river. Found that our orders had been changed and that we were not to take the cars at once, as we had expected to do. We are in an orchard with plenty of shade. June 26th — Sunday. — Had green apple sauce for breakfast with our army bill of fare. Rested in camp all day making preparations to move on by rail. A good many men went down to Crane creek and took a bath. T he rear brigade came in about 9:00 A. M. The weather is very hot. On the twenty-seventh we remained in camp all day. Very hot. Jane 28th — Tuesday. — Still in camp, but expect to move to day. It looks like rain. Hope it will, for it is fearfully hot. Captain Morrill detailed for picket officer to-morrow. Jane 29th — Wednesday. — Morrill went on picketat 7:00 a. m., relieving Captain Gibbons of the Forty-eighth Indiana. Mor- rill was relieved at one o’clock to start for Stevenson. Left camp at 1:00 p. m. on Crane creek and marched to Stevenson, arriving at 8:00 P. M. During the afternoon the stores were loaded and the trains were sent out one after another. We spent the entire night on the platform waiting our turn to start. Two trains of wounded passed up the road, among whom were some of the Second Minnesota Infantry. June 30tli — Thursday. — Got on the cars at 4:30 a. m. with the Eighteenth Wisconsin. Reached Bridgeport at 5, White- side at 6:30 a. M. and Chattanooga at 8:30 A. m. Remained thereuntil 3:30 P. M., when, having changed cars, we started on toward Kingston. Passed near Middle Hill, where our division was engaged in November last, and then on to Chicka- mauga Depot, Tunnel Hill, etc. Road quite smooth and no trouble from guerrillas, though a constant watch was kept for them. Passed corner post between the states of Alabama, Georgia and Tennessee just at sundown. Hot. Arrived at Ringgold [population, 1880, 436] at 7:00 p. m. July 1st — Friday. — Daylight found us still on the road a little above Resaca, Ga. [population, 1880, 191], where we ar- rived at 5:00 a. m. We kept on slowly, passed through Adairs- ville [population, 1880, 500], ten miles from Kingston [popula- tion, 1880, 488], Ga., and arrived at Kingston, Bartow county, 1864] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 293 about 9:00 a. m., where we disembarked in pursuance of orders. Had a very heavy shower. The Second Brigade went to Resaca and the Third Brigade to Rome [popu- lation, 1880, 6,000]. Our First Brigade will remain here. July 2d — Saturday. — Our regiment is camped in front of the depot. We had a heavy shower last night, and now, at 9:00 A. m., it still rains. We expect to remain here for some time. July 3d — Sunday. — Sent one hundred and twenty prisoners to Chattanooga. Our regiment is doing provost and fatigue duty* in Kingston. Very hot. The railroad depot here at Kingston was built of stone, and by direction of Colonel Tourtellotte, S. B. Brown of Company B of our regiment and another man, who was a member of the Twelfth Wisconsin Battery, commenced to cut loopholes through the walls of the building for the infantry to fire through, so that, if necessary, the troops could use the building as a fort. The regiment moved away before the loopholing was completed. July 4-th — Monday. — This is the dullest Fourth of July that we ever had. A good drink of whisky was all that we had to regale ourselves with. A year ago to-day we were marching into Vicksburg. July 5th — Tuesday. — Captain Morrill went on picket at 9:00 A. M. and Maj. Thomas A. McNaught of Fifty-ninth Indiana, the officer of the da} r , visited him. July 6th — Wednesday. — Nothing new. July 8th — Friday. — Some of the Second Minnesota Infantry under Major Uline went past for Chattanooga with prisoners. We got sugar to-day’ . July 10th — Sunday. — Had a fine shower. Our train came from Chattanooga and Captain Hotchkiss, Second Minnesota Light Battery, called while on his way to the front. July 11th — Monday. — Remained in camp. Had dress parade. Received orders in the evening to march at 5:00 A. M. to-morrow and we made all preparations accordingly. No news from the front. Adjutant Kittredge says: “I received notice from Senator Ramsey that my nomination as captain and assistant adjutant general was confirmed by the Senate on the thirtieth of June.” 294 HISTORY OP THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1864 July 12th — Tuesday. — Marched east at 5:30 a. m. with the rest of the First Brigade, the Fifth Ohio Cavalry, Eightieth Ohio Infantry, Twenty-sixth Missouri Infantry and the entire divi- sion train and artillery. Passed through Cassville [population, 1880, 175], Bartow county, Georgia, about 8:30 A. M., then turned nearly south. \Ye stopped to rest at 12:00 m. Passed through Cartersville [population, 1880, 2,037] about 2:00 p. m. and bivouacked one and a half miles south of the town near the Etowah river. It was very hot to-day and the latter part of the march was very dusty. At 9:00 p. m. we received orders directing the Fourth Minnesota, Eighteenth Wisconsin, Eigh- tieth Ohio, Twelfth Wisconsin Battery and fifty of the Fifth Ohio Cavalry to proceed to Allatoona at six in the morning, relieve the troops there and garrison the place. Capt. George A. Clarke of Company H was assigned to duty to-day as provost marshal, Third Division, on the staff of Gen. J. E. Smith. Dis- tance marched to-day, twelve to fourteen miles. Jidy 13th — Wednesday. — Left at 6:00 a. m. for Allatoona — Lieutenant Colonel Tourtellotte, as the senior officer, taking com- mand of the troops — in the following order: Detail Fifth Ohio Cavalry, Fourth Minnesota Infantry, Twelfth Wisconsin Bat- tery, Eighteenth Wisconsin Infantry, ambulances and train; Fifth Ohio Cavalry as rearguard. We reached Allatoona at 9:00 a. m.; distance, six miles. Here at Allatoona we relieved the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Illinois and Third Iowa Infantry. Our regiment moved into camp and supports the Twelfth Wis- consin Battery. Weather very hot. The right wing of our regiment is on the east side and the left wing on the west side of the railroad cut. [This day’s record is the last one made in the diary of Adjutant Kittredge, and he doubtless left the regiment soon to join General Sanborn in Missouri. The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Illinois were captured by French’s division on the third or fourth of October at or near to Big Shanty. — Ed.] July IJptli — Thursday . — We can see from here the mountains of Kenesaw, Black Jack, Lost and Wild Cat. Lieut. Samuel W. Russell began to act as regimental adjutant to-day, Kit- tredge as post adjutant. 1864] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 295 July 16th — Saturday. — Our band played very nicely in the evening. Company K were all on duty to-day. July 17th — Sunday. — Received ninety-seven conscripts from Minnesota to-day. Clayton and Wellman came with them. [On this date Gen. Joseph E. Johnston was superseded in command of the rebel army by Gen. J. B. Hood.] July 18th — Monday. — Weather quite cool to-day. The sut- ler (Davis) came down from Cartersville. Could hear cannon- ading in the direction of Atlanta. July 20th — Wednesday. — Letters, dated in Minnesota July 5th, came to-day. Atlanta is forty miles south. Marietta is on the south side of Kenesaw Mountain and twenty miles distant. Big Shanty is on the north side of Kenesaw and twelve miles south. It was at Big Shanty where, on April 22, 1862, twenty Federal soldiers in disguise and under the leadership of J. J. Andrews, a citizen from Kentucky, but a spy for General Mitchell, seized the engine “General” and three freight cars, and un- coupling them from the rest of the train when the crew and passengers were in to breakfast, escaped with them up the railroad toward Chattanooga, intending to burn the bridges on the route and thus aid General Mitchell in his movement against Chattanooga. After running the captured train about a hundred miles they were forced to abandon it just north of Ringgold and about twenty miles from Chattanooga, without having accomplished their purpose, and while trying to make their escape across the country into the Union lines they were all captured and eight of them hanged as spies. July 22 d — Friday. — The great battle of Atlanta was fought to-day and Gen. James B. McPherson was killed. Gen. John A. Logan assumed command of the Army of the Tennessee. Roster of the Third Division, Fifteenth Army Corps — Brig. Gen. John E. Smith Commanding. FIRST BRIGADE — COL. JESSE I. ALEXANDER OF THE FIFTY-NINTH INDIANA COMMANDING. Fifty-ninth Indiana, Lieut. Col. Jeff. K. Scott. Forty-eighth Indiana, Lieut. Col. Edward J. Wood. Sixty-third Illinois, Col. Joseph B. McCown. Eighteenth Wisconsin, Lieut. Col. C. H. Jackson. Fourth Minnesota, Maj. James C. Edson. 296 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1864 SECOND BRIGADE — COL. GREEN 15. RAUM OF THE FIFTY-SIXTH ILLINOIS COMMANDING. Seventeenth Iowa, Col. Clark B. Weaver. Tenth Missouri, Col. Francis C. Deimliug [was adjutant of this regiment at Iuka.] Fifty-sixth Illinois, Lieut. Col. John P. Hall. Eightieth Ohio, Lieut. Col. Preu. Metham. THIRD BRIGADE— COL. B. D. DEAN OF THE TWENTY-SIXTH MISSOURI COM- MANDING. Twenty-sixth Missouri, Lieut. Col. James M. Fall. Ninety-third Illinois, Lieut. Col. Nicholas C. Boswell. Tenth Iowa, Col. Paris P. Henderson. Fifth Iowa, Col. Jabez Banbury. All of this division was guarding communications along the line in the rear during the battle of Atlanta. Roster of Field and Staff of the Army of the Tennessee, July, 1864. MAJ. GEN. WM. T. SHERMAN COMMANDING MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI. Capt.' L. M. Dayton, assistant adjutant general; Capt. T. G. Baylor, ordnance officer; Lieut. Col. Chas. Ewing, assistant inspector general; Capt. J. C. Audenried, aid-de-camp; Capt. O. M. Poe, engineer; Capt. J. C. McCoy, aid-de-camp; Brig. Gen. W. F. Barry, chief of artillery; Col. Willard Warner, inspector general; Col. E. D. Ivittoe, medical director; Lieutenant Marshall, Captain Menitt, Capt. J. C. McCoy. MAJ. GEN. JAMES B. M’PHERSON COMMANDING ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE. Lieut. Col. W. T. Clark, assistant adjutant general; Lieut. Col. W. E. Strong, assistant inspector general; Capt. Andrew Hickenlooper, chief of artil- lery; Capt. D. H. Gile, aid-de-camp; Captain Buel, chief of ordnance; Maj. L. S. Willard, aid-de-camp; Captain Reece, chief engineer; Capt. G. R. Steele, aid-de-camp; Colonel Boucher, medical director; Lieutenant Colonel Wilson, Dr. Duncan, Capt. K. Knox, commissary of musters; Captain Howard, Signal Corps; Colonel Conklin, quartermaster. MAJ. GEN. JOHN A. LOGAN COMMANDING FIFTEENTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. R. R. Towne, assistant adjutant general; Maj. John R. Hotalling, chief of staff ; Maj. Thos. D. Maurice, chief of artillery; Capt. John S. Hoover, aid-de-camp; Capt. H. N. Wheeler, aid-de-camp; Maj. John M. Woodworth, medical inspector; Capt. Fred Whitehead, aid-de-camp; Maj. E. O. F. Roller, medical director; Capt. F. C. Gillette, aid-de-camp; Capt. W. B. Pratt, aid- de-camp; G. A. Kloberman, chief engineer; Lieut. Col. Chas. E. Morton, Maj. L. E. York, commissary of musters; Col. J. S. Wilson, Capt. W. H. Barlow; Capt. L. B. Mitchell, ordnance officer. 1864] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 297 MAJ. GEN. G. M. DODGE COMMANDING SIXTEENTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. J. W. Barnes, assistant adjutant general; Capt. Ed. Jonas, aid-de- camp; Maj. W. H. Rose, chief of artillery; Capt. Geo. E. Ford, aid-de-camp; Capt. H. L. Burnham, provost marshal; Lieut. George Tichenor, aid-de-camp; Lieut. N. R. Park, ordnance officer; Col. J. J. Phillips, aid-de-camp; Maj. Norman Gay, medical director; Lieut. Col. D. F. Tiedman, chief engineer; Capt. J. K. Wing, assistant commissary of musters; Capt. Thos. C. Fuller- ton, assistant adjutant general; Capt. C. C. Carpenter, chief of staff; Capt. W. H. Chamberlain, assistant commissary of musters; Capt. Wm. Kossett, engineer. MAJ. GEN. F. P. BLAIR COMMANDING THE SEVENTEENTH ARMY CORPS. Lieut. Col. A. J. Alexander, assistant adjutant general; Capt. Rowland Cox, assistant inspector general; Capt. A. G. Bean, A. S. M. ; Lieut. Col. E. M. Joel, chief quartermaster; Capt. J. H. Wils, chief of staff; Capt. W. C. Ide, commissary of musters; Maj. J. H. Bamber, medical director; Maj. John F. Chase, chief of artillery ; Capt. W. J. Murray, ordnance officer. MAJ. GEN. JOHN A. LOGAN COMMANDING ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE, jdly 2‘2d to 27th. Fifteenth Corps — Brig. Gen. Morgan L. Smith. Sixteenth Corps — Maj. Gen. G. M. Dodge. Seventeenth Corps — Maj. Gen. F. P. Blair, Jr. July 23d — Saturday. — Captain Morrill went on picket on the old Alabama road. The body of Maj. Gen. James B. McPher- son passed Allatoona to-day on its way north. AYe can hear heavy cannonading toward Atlanta. Four hundred rebel pris- oners went north. July 24-th — Sunday. — Some hard fighting at Atlanta to-day. A train of wounded went north. AYeather quite cool. July 25tli — Monday. — The left wing of our regiment moved over the track and joined the right wing. Camped on the ground taken out of the railroad cut. It was quite cool last night, but is warm again to-day. July 27th — Wednesday. — Had a fine shower. Ho news from the front. Quite cool at night. On this day Maj. Gen. 0. 0. Howard was assigned to the command of the Army of the Tennessee, relieving Maj. Gen. John A. Logan, who resumed command of the Fifteenth Army Corps. July 31st — Sunday. — Had a heavy rain this afternoon. Ho news from the front. A train went north with three hundred prisoners. 29 S HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1864 Return for the Month of July, 1864. — Enlisted men present for duty, 362; on extra and daily duty, 54; sick, 16. Commissioned officers present for duty, 11 ; on extra and daily duty, 6; sick, 1. Aggregate present, 450. Remarks. — Tourtellotte, on special duty, commanding Post Allatoona since July 14, 1864. Kittredge, on special duty as post adjutant since July 14, 1864. One hundred drafted men and substitutes received July 17, 1864. Transferred W. S. Longstreet, Company C, July 10, 1864, to non-commissioned staff; Edwin J. Huntington, Company C, May 1, 1864, to Veteran Reserve Corps; August E. Whitney, Company D, May 1, 1864, to Veteran Reserve Corps; Truman Booth, Company H, July 1, 1864, to Company B; John Frank, Company K, July 1, 1864, to Company B; O. S. Wiley, Company K, July 1, 1864, to Company D; Edward Whitcomb, Company K, July 1, 1864, to Company D. Killed by accident — Enoch F. Smith, July 8, 1864 (conscript), drowned; Charles Koecher, July 17, 1864, on Western & Atlantic railroad, run over by cars. These two men were not of any company. Samuel W. Russell, acting regimental adjutant since July 14, 1864. August 1st — Monday. — Morrill on picket on Cartersville road. No news. More rain. Weather very hot. Blackber- ries are ripe and plentiful. August 4-th — Thursday. — Received mail from Minnesota to- day dated July 24th. August 6th — Saturday. — Major Rhodes paid the regiment to-day. Heavy rain. A part of the regiment went to Mari- etta [population, 1880, 2,227] to drive some cattle. We were paid tor the months of May and June. August 8th — Monday. — A train ran off the track at the depot and broke a man’s leg. Clothing received and issued. August 13tli — Saturday. — Had inspection by Lieutenant Warren. Warm. August 14-th — Sunday. — Received orders that Companies F, G and K will march to Etowah bridge. Arrived at 11:00 p. m. Distance, six miles. August loth — Monday. — Reveille at 8:00 a. m. Marched back to Allatoona, arriving at 8:30 a. m. Hot. The Ninety-third went north on the cars. August 16th — Tuesday. — Report from Sherman that we will be attacked before night. The wires are cut between us and Cartersville. Warm. August 18th — Thursday. — The Ninety -third Illinois came back. At tattoo (evening roll call), Companies I, G, K, F and B went out on a scout on the old Alabama road and came back 1864] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 299 in the night. Hot. Capt. Thos. P. Wilson, assistant quarter- master, is in charge of the field hospitals at Marietta. Young says: At 9:00 p. m. (on August 22d) orders were received from General Sherman to send all the available men at Allatoona up the road toward Chattanooga to resist a threatened invasion of the road by the rebel General Wheeler’s command . In one hour Companies A and I, under command of Capt. E. U. Russell of Com- pany A, with three days’ rations, were on board cattle cars and started for the seat of trouble. Arriving at Dalton we found Wheeler had been there and destroyed all he could. We repaired the road and moved on. There was damage done at other points along the line, but nowhere so much as at Dalton. Arriving at Chattanooga, the command, which now assumed the proportions of a provisional brigade, under command of Maj. Gen. J. B. Steedman, moved up the valley of the Tennessee river as far as Madisonville. There was somewhat of skirmish- ing, but no regular engagements. From here we were ordered back to Chatta- nooga and thence to Decherd and Elk River stations on the Nashville & Chatta- nooga railroad. At Elk River Companies A and I manned one of the forts, which mounted three guns — a twelve-pounder rifle, an eighteen-pounder howitzer and a three-inch smooth-bore. We had plenty of ammunition but no drilled artillerists except the writer, who had at Fort Ridgely a course of three weeks’ artillery drill under Ordnance Sergt. John Jones of the Fourth United States Artillery — not much of an outfit for the work in hand. A detail of twenty-seven men was made to man these guns, and to me, who had never fired a shotted gun, was assigned the duty of drill master. The squads were drilled assiduously, and after afew days felt that they could cope with cavalry, if not too strong. Soon after this the two companies of the Fourth were ordered to Cumberland Tunnel, Tenn., four miles from Cowan Station and about thirty miles from Elk River. Here we again had an encounter with Wheeler’s advance, but nothing occurred beyond the exchange of a few dozen shots. On the eigh- teenth of September we were placed on the cattle cars again and taken to Chat- tanooga and from thence to Allatoona, Ga. , where we arrived September 22d, after an absence of just one month, and thus ended the raid after Wheeler in east Tennessee. On our arrival at Allatoona we found what deprived six men in the Fourth Minnesota of captains’ commissions. We found an addition of twenty recruits to each company and a civilian with a second lieutenant’s commis- sion in command, thus debarring men who had earned promotion by years of faithful service from their just rights. Comrade Young is in error as to the companies which went on the expedition north. The report says Companies A, D and a part of Iv. While the regiment was here at Allatoona, Stephen A. Miller, Governor of Minnesota, was requested by officers of our regiment to issue second lieutenants’ commissions to six per- sons when they recruited thirty men each to fill up the ranks 300 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1864 of the regiment. The object of this request was to increase the number of men in the regiment. The number of men had been reduced to such an extent that no more officers could be promoted until more men joined. The regiment already had all the officers it was allowed for the number of men. Officers had been sent to Minnesota at different times on re- cruiting service, but few recruits had been received, prin- cipally from the fact that for an officer to go home on that duty meant a “soft snap” for him, and as he already had his com- mission it made but little difference to him whether he suc- ceeded in getting any or not. But if some of the non-com- missioned officers who were entitled to promotions had been sent, and told that their promotions depended on their success, we believe that the}' would have got the men. Miller set the process to work to till the regiment and six civilians received recruiting commissions, labored and got thirty men each, and secured the coveted prizes. This action on the part of Miller violated the plighted faith of the State of Minnesota to its sol- diers in the Held, and we believe was the only instance during the war when citizens were commissioned as officers into old Minnesota regimental organizations. Lieut. J. G. Janicke writes as follows of Governor Miller’s issuing the second lieutenants’ commissions to six citizens: I suppose that was to give us old sergeants who had served in other organiza- tions a chance for promotion. We were commissioned on Aug. 20, 1864, and were required to raise the men (thirty each) by Sept. 5, 1864 Second Lieuten- ant Wood had not before been in service. He took the first lot of recruits from Fort Snelling. Lieutenants Dooley and Janicke took the second lot down. We left the fort about September 10th. We could not muster in in Minnesota. Our recruits had to first be mustered into the companies in the regiment, which would make men enough to create a vacancy in the grade of second lieutenant and then we could muster in. We had to pay for our own trans- portation and subsistence to the regiment. The Eighty- third Illinois guarded our men from Indianapolis down. As the men had been paid big money as national and local bounty, or as substitutes, it was feared some of them would jump the bounty, and two of them did. Our welcome at Allatoona by Edson and Tourtellotte was a very pleasant affair. They spoke in high praise of the fine body of men who had come to re-enforce the regiment. There was still a large body of recruits under Lieutenants Douglas, Plowman and Chewning at Snelling. They came as far as Chattanooga on October 5th, when they got news of the battle. 1864] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 301 The faithful old non-commissioned officers — some of whom had served as such from the beginning of their service — and privates felt outraged at these proceedings, and they tried to make it lively for these new officers during their terms of ser- vice. They felt that they ought to have been sent home and given an opportunity to get the recruits and thus secure the pro- motions which they themselves were entitled to. Returns for the Month of A ugust, 1864. — Enlisted men present for duty, 261; on extra and daily duty, 49; sick, 35. Commissioned officers present for duty, 14; on extra and daily duty, 3. Aggregate present, 362; aggregate present and absent, 597. Remarks . — Ninety-eight drafted men joined the regiment August 1st. W. T. Kittredge, honorable discharge to accept promotion as assistant adjutant general, Aug. 12, 1864, by Special Orders, No. 101, Headquarters Department and Army of the Tennessee. Of the drafted men Company A got 12; B, 16; C, 9; D, 13; E, 2; F, 3; G, 12; H, 7; I, 12; K, 9. Scouting parties sent out frequently during the month. Four commissioned officers and eighty-one men, detachments of Companies A, D and K, sent to Chattanooga Aug. 22, 1864, Unofficially informed that they have been sent to Cowan Station, on the Nash- ville & Chattanooga railroad, to guard the road at that point. Asa A. Fiske, assistant superintendent of contrabands at Memphis. Tenn., since Jan. 29, 1863. Behind the old hotel here at Allatoona, which was used as post headquarters, there was a long stone building, and a line of loopholes was cut through the wall on its back side by S. B. Brown of Company B of our regiment and a stonecutter wdio belonged to the Twelfth Wisconsin Battery, under the supervision of Lieut. George M. D. Lambert, so that, if neces- sary, the building could be used as a defense against any assault made by the enemy. A summary of the campaign against Atlanta shows, that General Sherman, with about ninety-eight thousand men and 254 cannon, in the beginning of May began his campaign from Chattanooga. Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, with about fifty thousand men, opposed his advance. Dalton was evacuated May 12th; Resaca, May 15tli; Cassville, May 19th; Dallas, May 25th and 28th; Allatoona Pass, June 1st. Marietta was occupied b} 7 Sherman July 3d. On July 17th Johnston was relieved of the command of the rebel army by Gen. John B. Hood, who assumed the offensive. The rebels made desperate attacks on the Union lines on July 20th, 22d and 28th, in 302 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1864 which they were repulsed with heavy losses. General Sher- man began his flank movement around Atlanta on the night of August 25th. On the night of the twenty-sixth the Fif- teenth and Seventeenth Corps, composing the Army of the Tennessee, moved out of their trenches. On the twenty-eighth the army reached the West Point railroad. On the thirty-first it was before Jonesboro, and the enemy, moving out against the Fifteenth Corps, was repulsed. On the night of September 1st Hood’s army evacuated Atlanta to fall back on Macon, after burning all of their war material that they could not transport. The losses of General Sherman’s army from Chattanooga until the occupation of Atlanta were thirty thousand four hun- dred men and fifteen guns; the rebel loss is reported as forty-two thousand men, forty or fifty cannon and twenty-five thousand stand of small arms. [Atlanta became the capital of the state upon the adoption of the new constitution in 1868. —Ed.] September 2d — Friday. — Last night the enemy evacuated Atlanta and our forces occupied it this morning. September 3d — Saturday. — One man of Company B (Zeiberth) was taken prisoner to-day. Heavy rain and quite cool. September 5th — Tuesday. — Captains Clarke and Morrill went up to Cartersville. Warm. September 6th — Wednesday. — Clarke and Morrill returned. September 7th — Thursday. — A train of rebel prisoners went north. September 8th — Friday. — The rebels captured eight teams and fifty men within two miles of Marietta, but not of our regiment. September 10th — Sunday. — Letters received from Minnesota dated August 29th. September 14-th — Wednesday. — We received to-day one hun- dred volunteers from Minnesota. September 16th — Friday. — One hundred more recruits arrived to-day. September 18th — Sunday. — We received to-day seventy-seven volunteers from Minnesota. Cool. September 20tli — Tuesday. — The recruits were assigned to the companies. 1864] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 303 September 22d — Thursday. — Captain Morrill and Lieut. Sam Russell started for Atlanta to-day at 4:00 a. m. They went down about three miles and discovered that the rebels had torn up half a mile of track and driven off sixty head of cattle. They returned to camp. AVet weather. Companies A and D and a part of K returned to the regiment. Capt. T. P. AVilson, acting quartermaster, after the evacua- tion of Atlanta was assigned to duty with General Dodge as chief quartermaster of the Sixteenth Army Corps. In the reorganization of the army, preparatory to the march to the sea, the part of the Sixteenth Corps about Atlanta was merged into the Fifteenth and Seventeenth corps and AVilson was then assigned to duty as chief quartermaster of the Fourth Division, Seventeen Army Corps, and in that capacity accompanied the army to Savannah and Goldsboro. This division was com- manded by Gen. Giles A. Smith. September 23d — Friday. — At Cartersville, Ga., John G. Janicke and Ahimaaz E. AVood were to-day mustered into the regiment as second lieutenants, muster-in to date from Sep- tember 20th. AVere mustered by George AV. Hill, captain Thir- teenth Infantry, United States Army, and assistant commis- sary of musters Third Division, Fifteenth Army Corps. September 24 -th — Saturday. — Morrill started for Atlanta at 1:00 p. m. Got there at 10:00 p. m. and put up at the Trout House. September 25th — Sunday. — Capt. T. P. AVilson, assistant quar- termaster, took Captain Morrill on a ride around the city of Altanta. September 26th — Monday. — Captain Morrill got back to Allatoona in the night. September 27th — Tuesday. — The most of the regiment went to Marietta to guard a wagon train. September 28th — Wednesday. — The regiment returned on the cars. Communications cut between Nashville and Stevenson. September 30th — Friday. — The rebels tore up the track at Big Shanty. We hear that Hood is across the Chattahoochie. Returns for Month of September, 1864. — Enlisted men present for duty, 453; on extra and daily duty, 51; sick, 80. Commissioned officers present for duty, 21; on extra and daily duty, 3. Aggregate present, 608; present and absent, 780. 304 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1864 Remarks . — On July 12th broke camp and marched from Kingston, Ga., to Cartersville. Distance, fifteen miles. On the following day marched to Allatoona, Ga., sis miles south. On August 22d, Companies A, D and part of K went to Chattanooga to guard railroad, etc., and returned on the twenty- second of September. October 1st — Sunday . — Eighty more recruits arrived. October lf.th — Wednesday . — The rebels are coming this way from Big Shanty. They took Acworth at 7:00 A. M. CHAPTER XIII. Battle of Allatoona — List of Casualties — Official Reports — Personal Incidents — The Foot-Bridge — Depth of Railroad Cut — Letter from Postmaster at Allatoona — Poem — Letter Sending Flags Home — Description of the Cap- tured Flags — Names of Sigaal Officers and Men at Allatoona and Kene- saw — Letters from Them — The Historic Messages. The flanking operations of our array around Atlanta, result- ing in the defeat of the rebel corps under Hardee at the battle of Jonesboro on September 1st, caused them to retreat south- ward to Lovejoy’s Station, on the Macon railroad. Our army followed them to that place and in a few days withdrew to Atlanta and vicinity. The defeat of Hardee caused Hood to evacuate Atlanta on the night of the first, and early on the second Slocum’s troops entered and took possession of the city. Hood’s arm} 7 marched southeast and on the fifteenth was con- centrated at Lovejoy’s. On the twenty-first they moved west to Palmetto Station, on the West Point road, about twenty-four miles south of Atlanta, and on October 1st were crossing the Chattahoochie river and marching for our “ Cracker Line,” to destroy our communications with the north. They marched west and north, circling around our army. Lieutenants C. II. Fish, Army of the Tennessee, and J. H. Connelly, Army of the Cumberland, Fish being in command and assisted by Connelly, were the signal officers on Kenesaw Mountain. Early ou the morning of October Sd, Lieutenant Fish discovered, from the station on the summit of Big Kene- saw, a large camp of mixed troops, a few miles west of Mari- etta, near Lost Mountain. The enemy had cut our telegraph line that morning near Smyrna. A six-foot flag on a sixteen- foot staff was made use of, and General Sherman, at Atlanta, twenty-one miles distant (air line), was informed of the camp at Lost Mountain and that they were moving toward Allatoona. He replied that they were rebels and directed the signal offi- cers to watch them. During the day these troops traveled in 20 306 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1864 the woods as much as possible, to he screened from observation. It was the army corps of Lieut. Gen. A. P. Stewart, consisting of three divisions, and also Armstrong’s brigade of cavalry. The rebels arrived at Big Shanty on the afternoon of the third, drove the small garrison into the depot and captured it. Arm- strong’s cavalry took post between Big Shanty and Marietta to cover the work of destroying the railroad. Stewart’s corps labored all that night tearing up and destroying the railroad. Boring’s division moved on to Acworth and up the road to Allatoona, Stewart returning to Lost Mountain with the other two divisions. Boring’s orders were to till “the cut at Alla- toona full of logs, brush, rails, dirt, etc.” He took with him twelve cannon. (39, 1, 815.) Sherman, divining Hood’s plan, left the Twentieth Corps under Slocum to hold Atlanta and put the rest of his army in motion on the third and fourth, to checkmate the enemy, who had “got the move on him.” He probably saw the error he had made in leaving the supplies for his army so poorly de- fended, for if the rebels should capture them his great cam- paign might come to a disastrous termination. Hastening to Vining’s Station on the fourth, he sent a signal message over the heads of the enemy to the officer of the signal station on Ivenesaw Mountain, which was repeated from there over the rebel army to Allatoona, and from thence by telegraph line to General Corse at Rome, to move at once with his command to Allatoona. Sherman said: “If he (Hood) moves up to Alla- toona, I will surely come in force.” Also: “ Corse, Rome, Get . — Move with your command to Allatoona. Hold the place ; I will help you. — Sherman.” At about 8:00 a. m. on the fifth Sherman was at the signal station on the summit of Ivenesaw trying to get a communication to and from Allatoona, fourteen miles (air line) to the north, to assure him that re-enforcements had been received. The signal station was a small, dark shanty into which no light was admitted and out of which extended a telescope. He heard the distant noise of the battle, but fog and the smoke from the burning railroad obscured the vision so that the signal flag could not be seen. Finally the officer on Ivenesaw received the letters “ C,” “ R,” “ S,” “ E,” “ II,” “ E,” 1864] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 307 “ R,” which he interpreted to mean “ Corse is here,” and it was a source of great relief to General Sherman. The signal messages that passed on this occasion suggested to Mr. Bliss the text for the soul-stirring gospel hymn, “Hold the Fort, for I am Coming!” Sherman watched with painful anxiety the smoke and listened to the noise of the distant battle. The ex- tensive campfires of the main bodj r of Hood’s army could be plainly seen a few miles southwest in the vicinity of Dallas and Lost Mountain, and from the heights of Ivenesaw he ordered Gen. J. D. Cox to march his corps (the 'Mventy-third, Army of the Ohio) west from Marietta, on the Burnt Hickory road, to interpose it between the enemy’s main army and the force attacking Allatoona, and he started the rest of his army to the relief of the beleaguered garrison. French’s division, Maj. Gen. S. G. French commanding, was composed of Ector’s brigade, Col. W. H. Young — Twenty - niutli and Thirty-ninth North Carolina, Ninth, Tenth, Four- teenth and Thirty-second Texas, and Jaques’ battalion; Cock- rell’s brigade, Col. E. Gates — First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Missouri Infantry, and the First and Third Missouri Cavalry; Sears’ Brigade, Col. W. S. Barry — Fourth, Seventh, Thirty -fifth, Thirty-sixth, Thirty-ninth and Forty- sixth Mississippi. [We cannot say that all of these regiments were present in the attack. — Ed.] At Allatoona there is a high, steep ridge, having sharp spurs and deep ravines, and here the Western & Atlantic railroad, running northwest and southeast, passes through it, in a cut 175 feet in depth, ninety-five of which is through solid rock. The little village of Allatoona, consisting of six or seven houses, stood mostly on the southern side of this hill, on the western side of the railroad, and two large sheds or warehouses at the southern end of the pass, on the eastern side of the railroad, were filled with rations. Dur- ing the previous June, at the time of the advance of our army on Kenesaw, Col. 0. M. Poe, United States engineer, on General Sherman’s staff, caused two redoubts to be constructed on the hill, one on each side of the railroad, the one on the western side being near to and that on the eastern about seven hundred feet distant from it. They were located so that each could fur- SOS HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1864 nish some support to the other ami also protect the depot of sup- plies. The garrison at the time of the battle consisted of the Fourth Minnesota, Ninety-third Illinois, seven companies of the Eighteenth Wisconsin, Twelfth Wisconsin Battery of Light Ar- tillery and fifteen men of the Fifth Ohio Cavalry, and according to Tourtellotte’s report, numbered 905, without counting the batterymen, whose number he fails to give. The guns of the battery consisted of four ten-pounder Rodman rifles and two twelve-pounder brass howitzers, and they were equally divided between the two forts. The trees had been felled from the crest and down the steep sides of the hill, to afford a wider range for the artillery, and the camp of the Fourth Minnesota was made on the narrow crest so the men would be in easy sup- porting distance of the guns in case of an attack. A dozen steps from the tents of the regiment one could look down the steep side of the hill and the ration-sheds, stationhouse and building used as headquarters of the post were almost at your feet. The scenery is wild and beautiful — hill, valley and ravine intersecting. The view from the hill extends for a distance of twenty-five miles. The Allatoona range of mountains rises a few miles to the north, and away off to the east is avast moun- tainous chain. On the eastern side, half a mile away, Alla- toona creek, sparkling in the sun, winds its way across the deep valley. The western flank is protected by the Pumpkin- Vine, and these two creeks flowing to the north empty into the Etowah river about three miles apart. In a military point of view the position is one of great natural strength and was well chosen as a depot for supplies. The warehouses contained over a million rations of hard bread, and across the Etowah river, five miles to the north, there was a government herd of nine thous- and head of cattle. On the fourth the troops saw the ascend- ing smoke of the burning railroad and heard the musketry of the small garrison at Acworth, and all night long the lurid flames of rebel campfires and the burning ties of the road lit up the greenwood of the forest and shone upon the cloudy sky and the bold outline of Kenesaw Mountain. Sherman’s signal message to Corse at Rome, thirty-five miles from Allatoona, to move with his troops to the pass, was received by him on the 1864] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 309 fourth, and at 1:00 A. M. of the fifth a freight train of twent} 7 cars arrived containing a part of the brigade of Col. Richard Rowett, consisting of the Seventh and Fiftieth Illinois and Thirty-ninth Iowa, and also a part of the Twelfth Illinois In- fantry. These numbered 1,054, and with Tourtellotte’s 890 made the total number for the defense 1,944. [Tourtellotte’s report makes his number more; we give the number as in Sherman’s “ Memoirs.”] Another train of about ten freight cars was loaded and started, but the rails spread and it could not proceed in time. Corse’s train was soon unloaded and then backed up to Kingston. On arrival Corse and his troops took possession of the works on the western side. At about 2:00 o’clock A. M. a sharp rattle of musketry on the main road lead- ing from the south told that trouble had begun. The enemy attacked our outposts and drove them back on the reserves; the seven companies of the Eighteenth Wisconsin were then sent out and they held the line until three hours after daylight. Mean- time, during the night, Captain Towle of Company E, Fourth Minnesota, was sent out with a part of his company to hold a road running to the north. Before dawn of day the rebels planted eleven cannon about a mile away, upon and near to the Acworth road running from the south. Early in the morning a shell was fired at them by Lieut. Samuel E. J ones of the battery at our eastern redoubt, and the scampering of men and jumping of horses as it exploded and dismounted one of their guns, caused the hills to resound with the cheers of our soldiers. The enemy quickly replied and our boys soon shot them out of the field. They withdrew to the cover of the woods’, set their “dogs of war” and made it lively for us. A brisk artillery duel was kept up until about 8:00 A. M. The most of their shells exploded high in the air beyond our troops and none were killed or wounded by them. They killed, however, twenty-seven of the battery horses. At about half-past eight a major bearing a flag of truce approached our works on the west, and General Corse received from him the following written summons to surrender: Abound Allatooxa, Oct. 5, 1864. Commanding Officer, United States Forces, Allatoona: I have placed the forces under my command in such positions that yon are sur- 310 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1864 rounded, and to avoid a needless effusion of blood I call on you to surrender your forces at once and unconditionally. Five minutes will be allowed you to decide. Should you accede to this, you will be treated in the most honorable manner as prisoners of war. I have the honor to be, very respectfully yours, . S. G. French, Major General, Commanding Confederate Forces. General Corse’s reply, in writing, was: Headquarters Fourth Division, Fifteenth Corps. Allatoona, Ga., 8:30 a. m., Oct. 5, 1864. Maj. Gen. S. G. French, Confederate States, etc. : Your communica- tion demanding surrender of my commaud I acknowledge receipt of, and respectfully reply that we are prepared for the “needless effusion of blood” whenever it is agreeable to you. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, John M. Corse, Brigadier General , Commanding United States Forces. General French in his report states that he received no reply to his summons to surrender. The reply was delivered to his officer, but the enemy began the assault at once and that perhaps is the reason why he did not receive it. Previous to and during this time the enemy was busy mov- ing his troops into position on the south, west and north, and the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-ninth Mississippi regiments of in- fantry, having crossed the railroad to the north and rear of our position, advanced on our skirmishers. At 9:00 A. M., Captain Towle’s company being hard-pressed, he asked for help and Company K, under Captain Morrill and Lieut. George Baird, was sent to its support. The captain deployed his company as skirmishers. He writes: I posted my men on the east side of the railroad cut; had been there about thirty minutes when I discovered in front, about a thousand yards away, a brigade of rebels coming down the mountain. Between them and myself there was a ridge that ran off to a point so far to my right that I could not see any person passing, and to my left was a deep railroad cut and I could not have any view of men passing up the track. Shortly after the rebels came down off the mountain into the valley I saw an officer (Maj. R. J. Durr, Thiity-ninth Mississippi) directly in front of me with a white handkerchief tied to his sword and advancing toward me saying, at the same time, “Do you not know that there has been a flag of truce sent in to your commanding officer 1864] MINNESOTA INFANTE Y VOLUNTEERS. 311 demanding your surrender?” I replied very emphatically, “No. What do you want? Do you want to surrender?” He replied, “I do not.” I then said to him that he had better drop down out of sight, as my hoys were not feeling very friendly just then toward them. While engaged with him in this conversation, the rebels were moving around both to the right and left of us. In the meantime I had sent out a man in both directions, and they came back quickly, reporting to me that we were being surrounded by the enemy. Losing no time, I rallied my men, saying, “Boys, follow me!” My weight being much less at that time than now and not caring for grass to get much of a start under our feet, I think we made the home-stretch in pretty fair time. We were pressed by the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-ninth Mississippi regiments. I found Major Durr a fine, pleasant, gentlemanly kind of a man. He wrote his name in my diary — all the token I have in remembrance of him. Lieut. Geo. Baird had command of the right of the com- panv. The members of several companies of the Seventh Illinois Infantry, at an expense of fifty-one dollars to each, had armed themselves with the Henry rifle, a sixteen-shot magazine gun, and did fearful execution in the ranks of the advancing enemy, who at once charged and began to assault the works. They threw themselves in heavy masses against our outer intreuch- ments, and after a desperate hand-to-hand struggle fairly pushed our men from their rifle-pits. They entered the town and the building occupied as headquarters; they clung to the hillsides, surmounted the ridge and with fearful yells and con- tinued discharges of musketry came sweeping down the road toward the western redoubt. On reaching the slight abatis made of sharpened stakes, not one hundred yards from the fort, they brushed it aside, when full in their faces was hurled canister from double-shotted guns, and our infantry, rising, poured a sheet of flame and lead into their very teeth. This dose was too much. The charging column was scattered and it fell back to a ravine to rally. Four desperate charges were made upon the western redoubt, but Lieutenant Amsden’s men stood manfully to their guns and our infantry fought so bravely that the charging columns were each time repulsed. After the artillery ammunition at the western redoubt had been expended, Private Edwin R. Fullington,a member of the battery, crossed the narrow, rickety foot-bridge that spanned 312 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1864 the chasm to the eastern side three times in succession, under a direct fire from the enemy, and carried rations of canister for the guns. After driving in our skirmishers on the eastern side the two Mississippi regiments boldly advanced, but were soon broken by the fire of the troops on that side and one of the ten-pound Rodmans, which was run up by hand to the edge of the most northern spur between Companies A and I of our regiment, where, without any protection whatever, the detail of heroic battery men poured their double-shotted doses of canister into the howling enemy, who rallied and charged three or four times over the same ground, but were as often broken and driven back. On their last advance a detachment charged down the opposite declivity as if to scale the ridge, and our troops with fixed bayonets made ready to receive them. They failed to come to close quarters, and stopping in the gully down in the deep ravine next to the railroad, in front of Company A, Fourth Minnesota, the}’ found themselves in a trap; they could not climb the steep hill in their front, and to retreat meant death to the most of them, and, after a show of resist- ance, they surrendered. A rebel lieutenant, maddened at their frequent repulses, en- tered a house near the railroad depot and seizing a firebrand rushed for the ration-sheds to apply the torch. A marksman took good aim at him and he fell dead, pierced by a bullet through the centre of his forehead. On finding they could not succeed in capturing the works by a direct assault they secreted themselves several deep behind every stump and place of shelter and kept up a mur- derous fire. The air literally rained bullets. Hunger had made them desperate and they were fighting for food — had believed it an easy task to storm the works and capture them The troops on the eastern side, being on higher ground, ren- dered great assistance to their comrades across the track. About 11:00 A. m. Colonel Redfield of the Thirty-ninth Iowa was killed and Colonel Rowett wounded. Major Fisher, com- manding the Ninety-third Illinois, was severely wounded in the side. At about 1:00 p. m. Geueral Corse was wounded across 1864] MINNESOTA. INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 313 the side of his face, and soon after Lieutenant Colonel Tourtel- lotte was also wounded. Even 7 held officer on the western side with the exception of two was either killed or wounded. The surrender of the detachment in the gully ended the battle, and then those who were secreted behind stumps and in the fallen timber began to make their “home-runs,” and a lively 7 fusillade was kept up at those who dared to venture forth. Details were now sent out over the field to gather in the prisoners and wounded. The haversacks of their killed and wounded were mostly empty and the prisoners had only a few ears of corn in their possession, with tin plates punched full of holes to grate the corn into meal. They had a train of over two hundred empty wagons in the woods a short distance from town, ready to carry off rations if the} 7 could get them. They told us that French promised them our rations by ten o’clock on the morning of the attack. The wounded prisoners are under a shed lying on beds of cotton. They look wretch- edly hungry and squalid, as do also their dead on the field. Two of their surgeons have been left with us to help care for their wounded. French had detached one regiment and one cannon from his command to capture the blockhouse at the bridge across Allatoona creek, about two miles distant, held b} 7 three com- panies of the Eighteenth Wisconsin Infantry under Captain McIntyre, but were unable to take it, and after withdrawing from Allatoona he bombarded it with sufficient artillery, which set the building on fire and would have soon annihilated the small garrison had it not surrendered. At about 4:00 o’clock p. m. the Johnnies were in full retreat to regain their main army near Dallas and made their escape before the troops of General Cox’s corps could head them off. Corse, in his official report, stated the loss of the enemy to be: Dead, 231; prisoners, 411, and that we captured three regimental flags and eight hundred muskets. Among the prisoners was Colonel Young, who commanded one of their brigades. During several days after Corse’s troops left, a good many of the dead of the enemy w r ere found scattered through the woods and slashings, and Tourtellotte and others estimated 314 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1864 that they would number at least one hundred. Corse reported our loss to be — officers killed, 6; wounded, 23; missing, 6; enlisted men killed, 136; wounded, 330; missing, 206. Total loss, 707. A great many of the enemy who were slightly wounded went away with their army. It was estimated at the time that the enemy’s entire loss would reach two thous- and. Sherman says, in his “Memoirs:” I watched with painful suspense the indications of the battle raging there and was dreadfully impatient at the slow progress of the relieving column, whose advance was marked by the smokes which were made according to orders, but about 2:00 p. M. I noticed with satisfaction that the smoke of battle about Allatoona grew less and less, and ceased altogether about 4:00 p. M. For a time I attributed this result to the effect of General Cox’s march, but later in the afternoon the signal flag announced the welcome tidings that the attack had been fairly repulsed, but that General Corse was wounded. The next day my aid, Colonel Dayton, received this characteristic dispatch: Allatoona, Ga., Oct. 6, 1864, 2:00 p. m. Capt. L. M. Dayton, Aid-de-camp: I am short a cheekbone and an ear, but am able to whip all hell yet! My losses are very heavy. A force moving from Stitesboro to Kingston gives me some anxiety. Tell me where Sher- man is. John M. Corse, Brigadier General. Inasmuch as the enemy had retreated southwest and would probably next appear at Rome, I answered General Corse with orders to get back to Rome with his troops as quickly as possible. Geo. E. Sly says, on October 5th : At 1:00 A. M. General Corse [formerly colonel of the Sixth Iowa Infantry. — Ed.J arrived with a part of a brigade from Rome. At two o’clock the rebels attacked our pickets. At daylight our battery opened on the rebel battery. The rebels shelled us till nine o’clock, then attacked us on three sides, but were repulsed. The battle was hard till three o’clock, when the rebels retreated. The regiment lost eleven killed and thirty-three wounded. The rebels in front of Company A came over a hill and into a hollow. When the rebel army re- treated these rebels surrendered. Colonel Tourtellotte was wounded. The men tore down the bunks to make breastworks along the side of the railroad cut, so as to help the fort on the west side of the railroad. I was sick at the time and bad been for sometime. Our tents were all full of holes. 3 w 2J3t- r O C_j O es g - ^ 3 £ 3 £ ^ « ^ C a> -£ J<3 o3d K *" ®r a o £§=25 % a - a 2 = ^ -sj s S < ‘E = ..o /-, 03 O ® = cr. £ rS * 'O ^ 0 > O g O -gsJS 55 «*a — a) ic SS _c . o 3 s°s C 3 ‘: a> Q J t£ 3 a v^jzi S 5 *3« * o •>■* O r—. _3 M j s=- L g o ® 3d S«. ~ CS-O »■ „ < <72 Z* £ g “ fl © •« i ! ; I i i i i ; i i i i ; i x 00 ! 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X : : fa : 1 1 ! II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! 1 © 1 *• ; X : fa : : : i i i ! ! i : i i i : : • : : : 1 1 : i 1 1 I j II I! : : ; i : : : : : inn Mill l!HI : : : : : i : : : : : : : • ! : mu Mil MM Name. nmmm mnmm nmmm iiii mi Mil i i I Name. ! : : i i i ; i [ : i M II' : : : : : Mill Hill Mil Hi! Mil !Mi ::::::::::: nmmm • : : i : i : 1 i : 1 IMIMNiM ■•3:5:::::: : : . : ! : i i i • : i 11 : : : : ! Clarke Russell Morrill D. L. Wellm Isaac Wells Towle Douglas Rich Lambert Norton Hosmer Stinchfield... Russell Graham Gould Hunt Clarke Morrill D. L. Wei 1ms Isaac L. R. Wellma Wells Towle Douglas Rich Lambert Norton Hosmer Stinchfield... Russell Graham.... Gould Hunt. Murphy 1865] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 447 3 1 : ; ; 1 1 1 1 X 3 : SI ::::::: 1 1 ::: 1 1 : 1 : 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 SI : i I i i ; ; ; ; 1 ! ! 1 IX i 1 8 i : ; ; i i i i ; = i i i : s i fiii; O :K : 1 i ! 1 -X : ■ 8 : i : : ; 1 1 1 x : : : : 1 1 1 1 1 ! 1 1 1 1 & 3 1 ; ; i ;x •111 1:1111:1: a 1 1 1 X & 1 1° 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Si 11111 !»k ; : i° ; ; ; ; ; a 1 : : 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 & x ; 1 1 ; ; SI 1 : 1* 1 i ; i a 1 : 1 1« 1 : 1° s 1 X ; ; ; i 1 : ; 1 i 1 1 i ; 1 ; i 1 ; 1 ; ; ; 5 1 i ; ■ ; 1 i : : ; 1 i 1 1 : •=> 1 s 1 i ■ 1 : i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 1 1 1 =x 1 1 i : 1 i i IX G G ;;;;;;;;; a 0 : 0 : : 1 1 1 1 ° 1 X : 1 1 l c 1 1 1 1 1 =® 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 IX : S3 i i i & & :ofe£=.fe : 0 : : : fe fe : s O : : 0 : 111! : =x j® : : : : s I -x : ; ; 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 a 1 1° 1 1 !ii; 1 1 1 1 -X 1 i 1 I 1=111 : : ; ; : : ; ; 1 1 1 1 1° 1 1 1 1 1 C5 : : : : O 1 x o ; 11111111: § illllXOXil:®: ; ; ; ; 1 1 o c C5 ; 1 CC : i i i i 1 -O 1 1 1 IX 1 1 1 1 05 x : : 0 : ; : ; ; : i : : : ; : ; = : : i ; t> | o ;ko : i ; ; ; 1 1 1 i 1 1 : 1 1 CO 1 ! 1 IX : 111;!!!! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 1 CO 1 1 1 1 1 1° 1 1 1 1 1 ® 1 1 X : 1 : 11X11 = : i ; : i ; ; LC 1 i 1 :® :®x : : ; : ; ; : ; ; i to : : : : : : : : : : X : 0 ; ; ; ; i : * : ; : ; 1 : 1 1 1 ; : -x 1 1 I : ° 1 1 1 1 lO 1 : i : i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 = x : CC I 3 : o x ; • : 1 1 1 i 1 I 1 1 1 1 i Tjl : ^ : i : 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ; ; ; : ; i ; ; : ; : o ' ° 1 ! 1 ! 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Graham Stinchfield Hosmer Norton ; i i i : i ; i i i ill* lUiiliMe 448 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1865 S 8 8 : : W ; & \X : : ; : fc h fc a i : : ; : x ; ; i : ! 1 i : ; : • : a I ^ : i : I::::: : ; ;x ; : : : ® I s ; x i ; ; ; ■ ; ; • i : x : ; : ; ; ! : I : : : a x ; ; : : : i ; : : ; i ! ; • : ; ; s ; : I i : :::::: : : : fc ; X 8 ! : ! :::::: : i : : : : a I x ; : o : : © : • : : : : : i i ; • : x ; ; ; : : ; > : a CS : : : : ; i ; : 1 : i ! i • 1 ■ : : ; • i •: oO : : : x • ; : ; : : ! : • : ; ; -® r— : ! x : ; ; : j ; ; : ; :::::: ; ; ; ® : : «£ ! : I i i = : ! i : ; : ; i i m ; ;x i ; i i ; = Tt< 2 ; i • : i i ; x i : ; ; ; : ill: 2 X G G i ; i ; ; : ; o O : ° : : : C S ;x ; : ; 1 ! i : : : ; i : : : : O OS x i i ; i CO : x ; ; ; : i ; ; i ; ; ; : III! - 1 i X ; a i ; ; : i ; i : i : * i : : ; ! ! i : o ; i x ; : ; : : : ; -® !!:;:• ! x ® : : ! m ::::: -X : Tt< i 1 = X : CO : i : : : W : b : •: : : I i : - : ! : ! ! ■X ; ; - : ! : 1 i : : 1 ! : : : i x ; ; ; i : : : : : ; 2 ■x • ■ -X i i : ! 1 1 © x ! ! : •; • cs : : ; i : i 00 : • -x : | ^ 1 = = = = = : CO 1 : : IX ; in : : x ; ; ; Tj< i ! 1 : 1 ! CO 61 X ; : ; a : i i x ; ; i IX ; ! ; ; ; • i i : S ; : ; ; ;x a ! : i X a : a a ! X ; i ; s •X : • • : s i I i I ! : a :: = ; = = si mmsm a i i : : 1 x a 1 i 1 x : : 5 X i • • • ! 8 i X ; ; ; ; CS : ; X : ; | 00 i : ; j X o 2 X i !X ; : to ; : i : ; ■ in • ; i ; i i ^1 :::::: 2 1 :::::: 2 1 :::::: : i i 1 ° : O •x ; ■ ■ i ! ! | j [j M 1865] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 449 s = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = :::::::::::::::: a> : = = = :=« = ; = = = = :: = : = = = = = :::::::::::::::: 00 ==«========== i :==:=;= : i :::::: i ::::::: : 55 : i ========= =* :=====: = = = : : = : ! ! a = ! i = = ® 1 x = = = : = = = = = = = i = = = : = = = : = :=*==;========:= s 1 i X = = = = = = i i ;:=«:======= :::::::::::::::: Tj< ; = = i ; x : ® : = ============ = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 2 = = = = = i = = = = = = ======«========; (M ====*;; i = = = = : = ======= i « = = = = = = = =» <^ = = = i £ = = = = = = = =* = = = = = = = = = = = i = ===== ======;=== = 2 1 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ;; = : = = = = = = = 03 : = * :==;== = ===*==!===!= ===:==========;= CO = = = = = : ^ = = = = = = ; = = = = = = = = « = : = : = = = :«&::: = : :::::::::: = = x :::::: : : : ::::: ® ::::::::: : «© x = ; = = = = = : = :: = = : = ::: = :: =!=;:!°:= fe !^:=:; »o = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = : = = = = = = = = = = = = = = x :::::::::: : =«========;===;= CO =====*================ = = = = = = = = = = = *« = = = = = = =° ; ::fe;Xi:fe:::= t ' = = Sl ! :;=«:==;=; ============ = = = = = = = = i = = = = = = s i = x :; = = : = = = = = = = ! = i ! : = ! = i i : : ! = = s = = = = = : = = = = = = = = = = = = = : = = = = = = = i = = = = ='; = = = = s = = = = = = = x : : ============ = i = = = = = = = = = = = = = : s F X = = i = = = = = = i = = = = ; = g s = = = = = = X = = = = = = = = = i = = = = = ===== i° ===::=; = = s =: i =«==== i ===;====!;= = : fa : : : : : : f=< : : : : fa S' s =*===;================ = = = = = = ! i = : = = = = = 1 n £ = = = = = : = = = = = = : = = = = = = = = = ° = i ;==> = = = ; = = b = ; = g g =====«=! i = i ========== = = = = = = = = = = = = ! = = = = g 2 i = :« = = :: = = = = i = : = = = = ! i = = = = = ; = = = = = = = = = = = CO « = = = = = = = = = ! = : = = = = : = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ® = = = = Jh = = = = = = = = = =M = =■: = = :: = :: : * = = = !;:;::• = ;:: = 5 2 = = X :::::: : = i i = = = = = = = = = = ; = = = = = = i = ;: = i : 2 = = = = = = = = = = = x :::::::: : ! N M M M I: N M i mminmim £ 1 i M i i ! II i M M M M ! ! M ! = ! = I !: = = :: = = = : = ;: = = = : = 1 | ! i ! M ! = i 1 I 1 1 ! ! ;!=;;:=:=;==;=:= 1 I : = = i : = ! I ; ; = 1 = = ! m M ! M | ! j j ! U :::::::::: !=:!!:!!!! n m m n = | = • = ■ = : = = ! 1 1 ! i j 1 M j ::::::::::: = = = = = = = = = = = :: = = = = = : = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = : = = = : = : = = = = = = = = = = i = = = 1 : 1 1 : j j ! | : j ! j j : j i | i ::: i :: : i ! ! ! i ! i ! ! ! i ! I : ! ! miniimmii 1 !!!]'; il III!!!-! 1 Name. ;:==!!==== 1 j M S : M M = : = ::: = ::: mmmi ! ! ! i ! m M = : = = : = : = = : = = :: = ::: i ; = : I : = = = = III! Hiij • i : • i n 1 1 1 : = : = : = ::: = = : ::: = ::: = :: = M i : i ! ! I ! 1 1 ; = = : = = i : = : = itimmn ::: = : = :; = Ilosmer Hunt Lieberg Graham Gould iStlnchfield Williams Baird Whitney Dilley Janieke De Mers Dooley Wood Chewning Plowman Wellman Isaac Douglas Hosmer Norton Hunt Lieberg Graham Gnnld Stinehfield Williams Baird Whitney Dilley Janieke De Mers Dooley Wood Chewning Plowman 29 450 p. HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1865 s : : : = : :® ::: : § :::::::: -M ::::: :® i ::: : 05 : ; • : : ; 2 ; : : ! : :® :::::: I : : i ■ M : to : i : i : i :::::: i ^ lO ■ ; : ! : ::: i :::::: 1::: M : : 3 : : i 1 : CO ::::::::::::::: M ::::: : 2 3 o 1 : ! 05 i • oo ::l:: i : CO ^ : i : io •M ::::::::::::::::::: : TJH CO i :::::::::::: : pi 1 o I J I aT X g *-5 8 S3 1 M 1865] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 453 LIST CONTAINING NAMES OP THOSE BURIED IN NATIONAL CEMETERIES, AS FAR AS KNOWN, FURNISHED, FROM THE RECORDS AT WASHINGTON, APRIL, 21, 1891: Name. Shea, Thomas Severson, Ole Trinson, Turban Wolf, John Giltner, Henry P Hill, Wm. H Casey, John Mathews, Samuel J.... Shaw, Forrester H Stein, John Bogan, Joseph Hill, Wm. H Arnold, Francis M Bogart, Wm. H Brown, Andrew J Camp, James S Farlin, Lucian Henry, John Johnson, Ole Lent, Charles C Loomis, Henry Luther, Martin Parks, Samuel Parmenter, Eugene E.. Probstfield, Justice.... Rhodes, Daniel Stone, William B Wilcox, James Winchell, George Anderson, Andrew Estabrooks, Daniel Severson, Andrew Bloss, Oscar Cottrell, Almon H Dudley, Ephraim Gish, Andrew S Grosser, Charles Isaac, Jonathan Jackson, Thomas B Kenna, Michael Littlefield, Aug. W Marcile, Luke Palmer, Azro Penrith, John Randall, Sewall G Rogers, Geo. W Russell, James H Sohn, Ulrick Teats, John F Young, John Daniels, David Dow, Horace L Healey, Charles E Magnus, John Rees, Thomas Reuter, Henry Scale, Thomas Sherman, Francis Tuthill, William S Hogstrom, Charles P.. Peterson, John Reed, Jonathan Carter, W. A Nicholson, Wm Rank. Co. Date op Death. No. OP Grave. Private F Feb. 25,1865.. 2862 Private B Mch. 4, 1865.. 4786 Private B Feb. 16, 1865.. 4787 Private K Apr. 23,1865.. 4785 Private... A June 20,1865.. 3176 Private F Mch. 27,1865.. 3045 Private C Nov. 13, 1864.. 8397 Private K May 12, 1864.. 9541 Private A Nov. 14,1864.. 8404 Private G Nov. 26, 1864.. 8448 Private K Jan. 17, 1865.. 2229 Private C June 19,1865.. 3025 Private K Sept. 9, 1862.. 3660 Corporal K Aug. 2, 1863.. 7855 Private C Jan. 14, 1863.. 5498 Private I Sept. 4, 1863.. 7662 Private H Sept. 23,1862.. 3656 Private J) June 10,1862.. 3685 Private B Aug. 17,1863.. 2565 Private D Aug. 12,1862.. 3662 Private K June 9, 1863.. 7045 Private B Sept. 23,1863.. 7927 Private K Oct. 29, 1862.. 3635 Private K Feb. 3, 1864.. 7503 Private G Oct. 30, 1862.. 3640 Corporal B Sept. 2, 1863.. 7902 Sergeant H Oct. 7, 1862.. 3641 Private E Feb. 19, 1863.. 3655 Private F Nov. 29,1863.. 7467 Private A Mch. 9, 1865.. 568 Private C July 15, 1862.. 202 Private B Nov. 25,1864.. 1277 Private K Oct. 5, 1864.. 1801 Private F Oct. 19, 1864.. 1603 Private I Oct. 7, 1864.. 1625 Private I Oct. 7, 1864.. 1782 Private H Oct. 5, 1864.. 1791 Private I Oct. 5, 1864.. 1785 Private I Oct. 21, 1864.. 1447 Private D Oct. 5, 1864.. 1787 Private H Oct. 28, 1864.. 1493 Private B Sept. 18,1864.. 1794 Private K Oct. 15, 1864.. 1800 Private H Oct. 5, 1864.. 1790 Corporal I Oct. 6, 1864.. 1786 Private A Oct. 5, 1864.. 1803 Private E Oct. 5, 1864.. 1788 Private I Oct. 5, 1864.. 1784 Private I Oct. 5, 1864.. 1783 Private A Oct. 5, 1864.. 1802 Private G Jan. 9, 1863.. 3860 Private F Feb. 24, 1863.. 3847 Private I Apl. 24, 1863.. 3850 Private H June 15,1863.. 3853 Corporal E Jan. 20, 1863.. 3843 Private G June 5, 1868.. 3849 Wagoner C Aug. 21, 1863.. 3738 Private A June— ,1863.. 3851 Private E Jan. 13, 1863.. 3859 Private I Sept. 2, 1863.. 3626 Private A Aug. 31,1863.. 3506 Private I Mch. 26,1864.. 3638 Private F Dec. — , 1864.. 2514 Private F June 23, 1864.. 9917 Where Buried. Alexandria, Va. Beaufort, S. C. Beaufort, S. C. Beaufort, S. C. Cave Hill, Louisville, Ky. Cave Hill, Louisville, Ky. Chattanooga, Tenn. Chattanooga, Tenn. Chattanooga, Tenn. Chattanooga, Tenn. Cypress Hill, Brooklyn, N. Y. Cypress Hill, Brooklyn, N. Y. Jefferson Barracks, Mo. Jefferson Barracks, Mo. Jefferson Barracks, Mo. Jefferson Barracks, Mo. Jefferson Barracks, Mo. Jefferson Barracks, Mo. Jefferson Barracks, Mo. Jefferson Barracks, Mo. Jefferson Barracks, Mo. Jefferson Barracks, Mo. Jefferson Barracks, Mo. Jefferson Barracks, Mo. Jefferson Barracks, Mo. Jefferson Barracks, Mo. Jefferson Barracks, Mo. Jefferson Barracks, Mo. Jefferson Barracks, Mo. Keokuk, Iowa. Keokuk, Iowa. Knoxville, Tenn. Marietta, Ga. Marietta, Ga. Marietta, Ga. Marietta, Ga. Marietta, Ga. Marietta, Ga. Marietta, Ga. Marietta, Ga. Marietta, Ga. Marietta, Ga. Marietta, Ga. Marietta, Ga. Marietta, Ga. Marietta, Ga. Marietta, Ga. Marietta, Ga. Marietta, Ga. Marietta, Ga. Memphis, Tenn. Memphis, Tenn. Memphis, Tenn. Memphis, Tenn. Memphis, Tenn. Memphis, Tenn. Memphis, Tenn. Memphis, Tenn. Memphis, Tenn. Mound City, 111. Mound City, 111. Mound City, 111. Nashville, Tenn. Nashville, Tenn. 454 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1865 List of Soldiers Buried in National Cemeteries.— Continued. Name. Rank. Co. Date of Death. NO. OF Grave. Where Buried. Rambeau, Ralph Corporal G June23,lS64.. 13614 Nashville, TeDn. Erickson, Magnus. Private K Apl. 20, 1865.. 281 New Albany, Ind, Evenson, Halvor Gannup, Philip. Private B May 19,1865.. 738 New Albany, Ind. Private F Nov. 27,1864.. 317 New Albany, Ind. K D Feb. 13, 1865.. Dec. 8, 1863.. 970 5079 New Albany, Ind. Stone River, Murfrees- boro, Tenn. Schofield, George S Private Beedle, Francis M Corporal B Aug. 25,1863.. 2861 Vicksburg, Miss. c Apl. 16, 1863.. May 22, 1863.. Apl. 24, 1863.. Nov. 21,1862.. 664 Vicksburg, Miss. Vicksburg, Miss. Vicksburg, Miss. Vicksburg, Miss. I 4862 2883 I) Habercrom.Barhart.... Private F 7578 H July 20,1863.. Aug. 22,1863.. 2696 Vicksburg, Miss. Vicksburg, Miss. McCabe, J.J Sergeant c 9597 Scovill, Martin L Private F Aug. 24,1863.. 7222 Vicksburg, Miss. Sherbrooke, G. G Lieutenant... K May 24,1863.. 4274 Vicksburg, Miss. K May 23,1863.. July 5, 1862.. Sept. 3,1862.. Aug. 18,1862.. 4738 Vicksburg, Miss. Allen, Charles J F 3703 c 2021 Barber, Henry C Private D 3568 Corinth, Miss. Brown, Charles H Private B June 26,1862.. 3554 Corinth, Miss. Churchill, Edmund P. Private B Aug. 12,1862.. 3663 Corinth, Miss. Edeburn, II. P A June 28,1862.. 3556 G July 12, '1862.. July 12, 1862.. 3558 Corinth, Miss. Corinth, Miss. Hunter, John W Corporal i 2313 Jones, Josiah A July 22,1862.. June 29,1862.. 3559 Corinth, Miss. Kenny, Joseph E Private D 3557 Corinth, Miss. Lind, George I June 14,1862.. Aug. 2,1862.. 2525 Corinth, Miss. Longworth, Clement... Private D 3560 Corinth, Miss. Corinth, Miss. Morrison, James Private K July 23,1852.. 3693 I July 12,1862.. Aug. 19,1862.. June23,1862.. 3708 Corinth, Miss. B 3567 Corinth, Miss. Robbins, Alfred Private i 3555 Corinthj Miss. K July 15,1862.. July 8, 1862.. June 30,1862.. 2818 Corinth, Miss. G 2311 Corinth, Miss. Schrauth, George Private I 2306 Corinth, Miss. Scoville, Martin L Private F July 6, 1862.. 3678 Corinth, Miss. Stearns, Justice C Corporal F July 10,1862.. 3675 Corinth, Miss. Swanson, August Corporal H Aug. 3,1862.. 3561 Corinth, Miss. Thompson, John Privale B Aug. 14,1862.. 3564 Corinth, Miss. Washburn, Orison H... Private C Aug. 15,1862.. 3667 Corinth, Miss. Let us gather the sweetest of flowers — The violet, fragrant and blue, The fairest and stateliest lilies, And roses of loveliest hue : Let us twine them in wreaths and in garlands, In cross and in anchor and crown; And on the low graves of our comrades We lay them in reverence down. There Time, with the tenderest fingers, Has bidden the soft grasses wave. And the wild flowers blossom in beauty Above every slumberer’s grave. The robin sings there his gay carols — All voices of nature are heard, And daily there music upriseth From breeze and from bee and from bird. 1865] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 455 She cares not if moss or if marble Or naught mark the place of their rest — On each fall the tears of the raindrops, She keepeth each safe in her breast. Her daisies unfold theirjwhite petals Alike o’er the high and the low : In verdure she hides them in summer, In winter she gives them her snow. We come with our garlands in springtime To deck the low mounds where they lie, Yet Nature, our mother, is kinder, For never she passes them by! We come with our bands and our music But once, and perchance with a tear, But the songs and the sighing of Nature Never cease through the circling year ! Our garlands will fade and will wither, Hers blossom anew with the spring ; Our songs must die out into silence, Her anthems more joyously ring ! With those whose low mounds we’re adorning In a dreamless sleep must we share, And the tender arms of our mother Enfold us with like loving care. Sound, music ! with saddest of dirges ! Ring, bugles ! with softest of notes ! And comrades, while gently their sighing In sweetest of harmony floats — Come forth, with your hands full of flowers, With garland, with cross, and with crown, And on the low graves of our brothers Oh, lay them in reverence down ! — Mary N. Robinson , in Good Housekeeping. Members’ Services in Other Commands. [ From “ Minnesota in the Civil War and Indian War.”] JOHN B. SANBORN. Col. John B. Sanborn had been appointed brigadier general by the President after the battle of luka in 1862, but the Senate bad adjourned in the spring of 1863 without having taken any action upon this appointment, whereby it lapsed. Immediately after the surrender of Vicksburg, General Grant had sent to Washington a list of officers recommended by him for promotion for services in that campaign. This list in- cluded Colonel Sanborn. The promotions recommended by 456 HISTORY OR THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1865 General Grant were all made at once, except this one, and the commissions issued were received from Washington at General Grant’s headquarters on or about the third day of August, 1863. On this account Colonel Sanborn at once tendered his resigna- tion as colonel of the Fourth Minnesota Infantry. This resig- nation was accepted by General Grant and the colonel left for St. Paul. But the order of General Grant accepting the resig- nation was disapproved and revoked by the President, and on Sept. 12, 1863, the President again appointed Colonel Sanborn brigadier general of volunteers, said appointment to date and he to take rank from the date of Aug. 4, 1863, and he re- mained in the service through the war and until June, 1866. Ordered to report by General Grant for temporary duty to General Schofield, commanding the Department of Missouri, with assurance that he would be brought back to his old com- mand in time to participate in the contemplated battle of Chat- tanooga. Oct. 15, 1863, assigned to the command of the Dis- trict of Southwest Missouri, extending from the Osage to the Arkansas river, and from Kansas and the Indian Territory east- ward about two hundred miles, with headquarters at Spring- field, Mo. Engaged in constant operations resisting rebel incursions, attacking and driving out organized bands of guer- rillas and other Confederate forces and restoring the functions of the civil law, to June 7, 1865. Sept. 4 to Oct. 30, 1864, commanding a brigade and division of cavalry in the field against the rebel army under command of Gen. Sterling Price. Repulsed the attack of the rebel army on Jefferson City, Oct. 7, 1864. With a division of cavalry and only general officer present, attacked and drove the rebel forces under Gen. Sterling Price and six general officers, at Vin- cennes and California Station, Oct. 9 and 10, 1864, and at Tip- ton and Booneville, Oct. 10 and 11, 1864. October 11th to 21st, maneuvering with his division of cavalry composed of about ten thousand men, against the rebel army composed of about twenty-two thousand men and several general officers, viz.: Generals Price, Cabell, Shelby, Marmaduke, Fagan, Thompson, etc., to prevent the escape of said army south without a battle with A. J. Smith’s corps, now moving up the Missouri to at- 1865] MINNESOTA INFANTRY YOLUNTEERS. 457 tack and destroy this force, or west without a battle with his di- vision and the Kansas forces combined, or north of the Missouri under any circumstances. This was a most severe and trying service, and without results that were visible to the enlisted men or subordinate officers. It was decided at noon of the twenty-first of October, in a consultation between General Sanborn and General Pleasanton, who came on to the field and took command of the division, — General Sanborn now taking his brigade, October 19th, — that the attempt to get an engagement between the corps of infan- try and the rebel army was hopeless and should be abandoned, and that the cavalry should be thrown forward at a gallop with orders to the colonels commanding brigades and regiments (for the first time after the skirmish at Booneville) on the elev- enth of October, to force the rebel army to form in line of battle and to bring on an engagement at once. General Sanborn with his brigade had the advance and moved rapidly, and he brought on the battle of Independence on the twenty-second of October, wherein the cavalry made a saber charge and captured some four hundred prisoners and a section of artillery. This engagement was renewed early next morning at the Big Blue and Westport, where Colonel Winslow, commanding the bri- gade from the Army of the Tennessee, was wounded early in the morning, and where our losses were heavy for a cavalry en- gagement, and our victory complete so far as occupying the rebel position was concerned, but without prisoners or guns. General Sanborn’s command had now been maneuvering and fighting constantly from October 5th to October 25th, a period of twenty days, and both horses and men were badly exhausted. The troops from Kansas under General Curtis, with Generals Blunt and Lane, had come upon the field. Gen- eral Curtis desired to take the advance on the morning of the twenty-fifth and afford all the relief he could to the Missouri division. He did so, and a rapid march was made during the entire day down the Missouri border to within about six miles of the Marais des Cygnes river. The men had neither rations nor water during the entire day, and it was after dark when General Sanborn, who had the rear, came up. General Curtis’ 458 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1865 command had gone into camp for the night at the old trading post. The day’s march had been without any fruit, and upon reporting to the general officers, four in number, Generals Cur- tis, Pleasanton, Blunt and Lane, who were all in one carriage, General Sanborn stated that he desired to go on until he either struck the rebel army or the Marais des Cygnes river, reported to be six miles in advance. General Pleasanton, who was sick and exhausted, assented to this and ordered the whole division to go forward under Sanborn. The march was continued until the fire of the rebel pickets, for nearly one mile in length, was drawn, near midnight. A battery was brought forward and placed in position, a line of battle formed of General Sanborn’s brigade, and orders given to the colonels to have the men stand to horse ready for action at a moment’s notice; and if no attack was made during the night to have every sixth man hold horses in the morning, and at the opening of fire by the battery to advance dismounted upon the rebel pickets and battery cover- ing the road leading south between two high mounds. The position appeared so impregnable that some of the colonels, upon receiving the orders from the general personally, shook hands and bade him “good-by.” The night was stormy and as dark as possible; at the first gleam of morninglight the bat- tery opened fire and the four regiments of cavalry, dismounted, advanced up these slopes; the fire from the enemy was very sharp from musketry and artillery; the positions, however, were carried with slight loss, and one gun was captured. Gen- eral Sanborn moved forward with the whole division imme- diately, driving the rebels from their camp, in which they left their entire breakfast, some cooked and some half cooked, with several hundred cattle and thousands of sheep, and pressed on through the woods on the south side of the Marais des Cygnes river, emerging from which he came upon a very formidable line of the enemy. The battle had aroused the entire command. General Pleas- anton came upon the field soon after the first assault was made and the position carried. Upon going back to the point where he had crossed the Marais des Cygnes in person to bring for- ward more troops, General Sanborn met General Pleasanton 1865] MINNESOTA INEANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 459 engaged with men removing the abatis from the roads which the rebels had felled so that the cavalry could not pass. Upon being advised of the situation, General Pleasanton directed the general to take command and said he was doing all he could to get the other two brigades of cavalry forward and that they would come forward at once upon a trot. They did so, and as they emerged from the woods General Sanborn gave directions to Colonel Phillips and Colonel Benteen to pursue the enemy upon a trot, one brigade upon one side of the road and the other upon the other, until the enemy was compelled to form in line, and to charge the enemy at once should he attempt to form. This order was obeyed with the utmost vigor, and within an hour these brigades had captured seven guns and eight hundred prisoners, with Generals Marmaduke and Cabell. This was the battle of Mine Creek and resulted wholly from General Sanborn’s persistency during the night and early morn- ing, and without this the results of that campaign would have been insrlorious to the United States. o From this time on the destruction of the wagons and property by the rebel army and the surrender of prisoners was incessant, and their rout was complete, although at the crossing of the Little Osage another apparent stand was made. General Cur- tis and the Kansas troops had again demanded and taken the front. The brigade of General Sanborn, which had been on duty all the night previous and made the attacks in the morn- ing, was much jaded and quite a distance in the rear. Aids-de- camp at once brought orders to General Sanborn to come for- ward with his command and attack the rebel position. The rebels were apparently formed in a dense thicket, from which a rapid fire was poured into our ranks. Immediately upon coming up with his command, General Sanborn formed it in line of battle behind a low crest, and as soon as formed ordered a charge on the gallop into and through the woods and led off his brigade, Colonel Phelps of the Second Arkansas leading all other colonels in the charge; but all the colonels did splendidly. The rebels at once gave way, and although the nerves of the men were severely tried the loss to the command was slight. The Kansas troops again took HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT 460 [1865 the lead and retained it until they brought on the engagement at Newtonia two days afterward. General Sanborn’s brigade was compelled to stop one day at Fort Scott and shoe the horses aud obtain shoes and clothing for the men. This accomplished, the general moved at four o’clock on the morning of the following day, and with the ex- ception of a rest of two hours, from eleven to one o’clock on the following night, marched constantly until five o’clock the following afternoon, when he came upon the battlefield of New- tonia, about one hundred and four miles distant, where the Kan- sas forces were engaged with the whole rebel army, and had suffered so severely that they were about ready to abandon their line, the rebel army appearing on both flanks and the Federal troops straggling desperately from the centre. Al- though the horses of the brigade were so jaded that they could not be made to move out of a walk, General Sanborn immediately got his brigade into position on foot, although under a heavy fire, in which he lost some staff officers, wounded while sitting by his side, and with the brigade dismounted attacked the rebel right with such vigor that the whole force immediately gave way, and several thousand prisoners were captured on that and a few succeeding days. Assigned to the command of the District of the Upper Ar- kansas, headquarters at Fort Riley, July 12, 1865, to Nov. 8, 1865. Made a campaign in the field against the Comanche, Kiowa, Cheyenne, Arrapahoe and Apache Indians of the up- per Arkansas. Opened mail communication by the Smoky Hill route to Denver, and by the Arkansas and Cimmaron routes to Sante Fe, August and September, 1865. Campaign terminated with the treaty of peace made at the mouth of the Little Arkansas, Oct. 20, 1865. Assigned to the duty of ad- justing the relations between the slave-holding tribes of Indians and their former slaves, Nov. 1, 1865, to May 1, 1866. Ad- justed all these relations without loss to the government, and to the satisfaction of the Indians, the slaves and the government. JOHN E. TOURTELLOTTE. John E. Tourtellotte, colonel, in regular army; resigned June 21, 1865, because of disability; captain Twenty-eighth 1865] MINNESOTA INFANTEY VOLUNTEEBS. 461 United States Infantry July 28, 1866; assigned to Seventh Cavalry Dec. 13, 1870; appointed aid-de-camp (with rank of colonel) to the general of the army Jan. 1, 1871, and continued on that duty until Feb. 9, 1884; was made major of Seventh Cavalry Sept. 22, 1883, and was retired for disability March 20, 1885. THOMAS B. HUNT. Captain; assistant quartermaster; present at siege of Corinth; chief quartermaster District of Iowa, at Davenport, July 4, 1863, to August, 1864 ; military harbor-master, and in charge of steamboat claims at St. Louis, Mo., September, 1864, to February, 1865; depot quartermaster at Cincinnati, Feb. 25, 1865, to August, 1867; captain; assistant quartermaster United States Army, Jan. 16, 1867; brevet major and lieutenant colonel United States Volunteers July 28, 1865, “tor meritorious services in his department;” brevet major and lieutenant colonel United States Army March 2, 1867, for “faithful and meritorious services in the quartermaster’s department during the war;” retired Feb. 20, 1885, for “dis- ability in the line of duty. ” WILLIAM TILDEN KITTREDGE. Captain; assistant adjutant general June 30, 1864; served on staff of Bvt. Maj. Gen. John B. Sanborn, District of South- west Missouri; in actions at Jefferson City, California, Little Blue, Independence, Marias des Cygnes and Newtonia; after- ward on duty at Fort Riley, Kan.; also, in expedition against Sioux Indians; brevet major for “faithful and meritorious services during the war;” mustered out Dec. 20, 1865. PROMOTED AS OFFICERS IN THE MISSISSIPPI MARINE BRIGADE. Francesco V. De Coster of Company D, promoted on Jan. 1, 1863, to captain Company D, cavalry, Mississippi Marine Brigade; finally mustered out in August, 1864. Frank W. Hanscom of Company B, promoted Feb. 19, 1863, to first lieutenant Mississippi Marine Brigade; dis- charged in August, 1863. 462 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1865 WILSON THOMAS PERRY. Captain; assistant quartermaster; private Fourth Minnesota Infantry Oct. 25, 1861; commissary sergeant Dec. 4, 1861; first lieutenant and regimental quartermaster Forty-ninth United States Colored Infantry April 23, 1863; in siege of Corinth (with Fourth Minnesota), battles of Iuka and Corinth, Yazoo Pass expedition and siege of Vicksburg; in battle at Milliken’s Bend, La., June 7, 1863 (with Forty-ninth United States Colored Infantry); promoted captain; assistant quarter- master April 4, 1864, and in summer of 1864 placed in charge of field hospital for Army of the Tennessee at Marietta, Ga.; during siege of Atlanta, autumn of 1864, appointed chief quartermaster Fourth Division, Seventeenth Corps, Army of the Tennessee, this continuing during Sherman’s march through Georgia and from Savannah through the Carolinas; detailed on special service while the army was in North Caro- lina; June, 1865, placed in charge of army trains to take them to Fort Leavenworth; September, 1865, post quartermaster at Camp Wardell, Colo., afterward Fort Morgan, spring of 1866; chief quartermaster for Colorado at Denver, Aug. 21, 1866; at his request, mustered out of service; major by brevet May 25, 1866, for meritorious conduct during the war. ALONZO L. BROWN. I was commissioned first lieutenant by order of President Lincoln on July 20, 1863, to rank as such from May 8, 1863; mustered into the Twelfth Regiment of Louisiana Infantry Volunteers of African Descent, afterward numbered the Fiftieth United States Colored Infantry, on July 24, 1863, at Vicksburg, Miss., and helped to organize. Company E,in which company I served; was discharged from the Fourth Regiment on July 30, 1863; promoted to captain same company, to rank from Oct. 21, 1864, and mustered in on Nov. 3, 1864. Previous to the campaign of Mobile served at Vicksburg and Haynes’ Bluff, doing garrison duty and occasionally on scouting expeditions into the surrounding country. On Sunday, July 10, 1864, the regiment and five other regiments of Haw- Alonzo L. Brown. 1865] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 463 kins’ division of colored troops and the Seventy-second Illinois, Fifty-eighth Ohio, two batteries of light artillery and some cavalry left Vicksburg on an expedition. Maj. Geu. H. W. Slocum had command of the force. Brig. Gen. John P. Haw- kins and Colonel Ellet of the Marine Brigade accompanied it. Camped that night on the Big Black river. Crossed the stream on the eleventh on a pontoon bridge and camped that night on Baker’s creek, below Edward’s Depot. The day’s march was the worst the writer ever experienced. Many of the men were sunstruck, myself among the number. Crossed the creek the twelfth. On the thirteenth passed through Cayuga and camped at Rocky Springs. On the fourteenth marched eighteen miles. Crossed the little Bayou Pierre on the iron bridge and camped near to Port Gibson. On the fifteenth went to Grand Gulf. At daylight of the seventeenth the rebels attacked us, and after a short engagement, in which they lost thirty-four in killed, they were repulsed. At midnight of the seventeenth embarked on the boats of the Marine Bri- gade and proceeded to Vicksburg. The campaign against Mobile was undertaken during the winter and spring of 1865. Our regiment left Vicksburg with General Hawkins’ division on Feb. 9, 1865. Proceeded to Algiers, La., across the river from Hew Orleans, and thence to Barrancas, Fla., arriving on February 29th. On the nine- teenth of March left the latter place with the column com- manded by Maj. Gen. Frederick Steele, marched north through Pensacola, up through Florida and southern Alabama, where for several days the troops lived on corn in the ear, and on April 1st arrived outside the enemy’s line of works at Blakelju The Last Battle and Capture op French’s Division. After the army corps under the command of Maj. Gen. A. J. Smith returned from the Red river expedition, it operated in northern Mississippi and also assisted General Rosecrans in driving Price out of Missouri. It then moved toHashville and was engaged in the two days’ battle, December 15tli and 16th, and pursuit of Hood’s army, and early in February, 464 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1865 1865, were a,t Eastport,Miss.,on the Tennessee river. General Grant sent orders for this corps to move around by water and report to General Canby at New Orleans. The corps left East- port on the seventh of February and arrived near New Orleans on the twenty -first, and at Fort Gaines (at mouth of Mo- bile bay) March 7th. It moved on transports across the Mo- bile bay and landed on the north shore of Fish river March 20th, 21st and 22d, and marched north from that point with the Thirteenth Corps to the investment and siege of Spanish Fort and Blakely. French’s division, after Hood’s defeat at Nashville, was in command of Brig. Gen. Francis M. Cockrell [formerly colonel of the Second Missouri Confederate Infantry and for several recent years member of Congress from that state. — Ed.], moved to the defense of Mobile and was stationed across the bay, about ten miles from the city, on the east side, to defend Spanish Fort and the works, five miles above, at Blakely. Ector’s brigade was commanded by Col. J. A. Andrews of Texas, and with the brigades of Generals Gibson and Holtz- claw (old veterans) and Colonel Thomas’ Alabama reserves, defended Spanish Fort, while the other two brigades of French’s division (Gates’, formerly Cockrell’s, and Barry’s, formerly Sear’s) occupied the works at Blakely, which con- sisted of nine redoubts joined by earthworks and stockades, about three miles in length, and armed with about forty pieces of artillery. Spanish Fort was assaulted by a part of the Sixteenth Corps under Maj. Gen. A. J. Smith and a part of the Thirteenth Corps under Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger and captured on the night of April 8, 1865, and on the ninth about 5:00 p. m. the troops investing the works at Blakely assaulted the lines and carried them very handsomely, capturing the entire garrison. The assaulting troops from right to left of our line at Blakely were as follows: Brig. Gen. John P. Hawkins’ division of colored troops, which had moved around from Vicksburg and other points on the Mississippi river, consisting of three brigades, and the following named regiments: Colonel Drew’s brigade on right, Sixty-eighth, Forty-eighth, Seventy-sixth; Col. Hiram Scofield’s Forty- 1865] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 465 seventh, Fiftieth, Fifty-first; Brig. Gen. Wm. A. Pile’s Twenty -fifth, Seventy-third, Eighty-second, Eighty-sixth. On their left was the Second Division of the Thirteenth Corps, commanded by Bvt. Maj. Gen. C. C. Andrews, and on his left the divisions of Veatch of the Thirteenth and Garrard of the Sixteenth Army Corps. McArthur’s division was in the Six- teenth Corps at Spanish Fort, and in it our old friends and neigh- bors, the Seventy-second and One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Illinois. The Second Brigade of that division ivas in com- mand of Col. L. F. Hubbard of the Fifth Minnesota; the Third Brigade in command of Col. W. II. Marshall of the Seventh Minnesota, and the following Minnesota regiments of infantry: the Fifth, Seventh, Ninth and Tenth, all doing noble service in the siege, while during the same time the Sixth Min- nesota Infantry, in command of Lieut. Col. H. P. Grant, occu- pied a prominent place in Gilbert’s brigade of Garrard’s division, Sixteenth Army Corps, at Blakely. Minnesota had indeed called for French’s division. But, as it would not seem to be ac- cording to the “eternal fitness of things” to chronicle the exit of French’s division from the drama of the war, and with the setting sun on the ninth of April, 1865 (the day of Lee’s sur- render), ring down the curtain without a representative of the old Fourth Minnesota being present to assist at the obsequies, I had the honor to represent her on that occasion. The following named officers of the Fiftieth United States, in Hawkins’ division, who came from the Fourth Minnesota In- fantry, Lieut. Col. R. S. Donaldson, Capt. E. M. Broughton and Lieuts. J. A. Davis, Robert P. Miller and Joseph Meyer, had previous to this time resigned or left that regiment except the writer, who, as captain of Company E, led his men over the works in the assault at redoubt No. 1, on the right of the line, and assisted in capturing the Thirty-ninth Mississippi Infantry and Maj. R. J. Durr, then in command of it. I did not know at that time that Major Durr and part of his regiment with its flag had the previous October been captured at Allatoona by our old regiment, the Fourth Minnesota Infantry. As a keep- sake I preserved an official paper picked up at headquarters, and have retained it up to the present time. In writing these 30 466 HISTOEY OF THE FOUKTH BEGIMENT [1865 records I concluded to examine the trophy, which had not been looked at for fifteen years, and see what it was, and was sur- prised to find the sheet of brown paper was written at the headquarters of the Thirty-ninth Mississippi Infantry by Maj. R. J. Durr commanding, April 4, 1865, sent to headquarters of General Cockrell, and bore the indorsement of his division headquarters, April 8, 1865. Our colored troops fought as bravely as men could. I did not see a man in the whole division running to the rear. In the assault we passed over a line of torpedoes and other ob- structions. Our army took possession of Mobile on the twelfth. On the thirteenth Maj. Gen. A. J. Smith’s corps marched from Blakely for Montgomery, and on the twenty-fifth received the surren- der of that city, the first capital of the Confederacy. Hawkins’ division embarked on steamboats and proceeded from Blakely to Montgomery. As we were embarking we received the in- telligence of the assassination of President Lincoln, and the of- ficers of the brigade at once held a meeting in the cabin of the boat. Speeches were made denouncing “ the deep damnation of his taking oft',’’ and “one and all expressed themselves as in favor of cleaning out the country hereafter as we marched through it, and make it a howling wilderness.” We arrived at Montgomery on April 30th and on May 9tli marched from that city to a point about fifty miles below Catawba, where we em- barked, and proceeding to Mobile established our camp at the racecourse on the shell road near that city. As we were marching through a street of Montgomery, in leaving that city an old colored woman, on seeing the colored soldiers, was so filled with joy that she dropped on her knees on the sidewalk, raised her clasped hands above her head and with upturned eyes said: “Oh! bress cle Lord dat I hab libbed to see dis day!” On May 23d the writer received General Orders, No. 58, from headquarters of Maj. Gen. E. R. S. Canby of May 9, 1865, assigning him to duty in the Freedmen’s Bureau. Re- ported to Thomas W. Conway (Conway had been a brigadier general in our army), general superintendent of freedmen 1865] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 467 at Montgomery, on May 29th, and was assigned to duty as acting assistant quartermaster of freedmen for Montgomery and vicinity. Served as such until July 31st, when assigned to duty as assistant superintendent of freedmen, in charge of southern district of Alabama, with headquarters at Greenville. On August 3d was assigned to duty by Special Orders, No. 411, from Secretary of War, in the Bureau of Refugees, Freed- men and Abandoned Lands, and ordered to report to Brig. Gen. Wager Swayne, assistant commissioner for Alabama, for duty. Remained at Greenville on duty until December 13th, at which time was ordered to Tuscaloosa as superintendent of freedmen. Proceeded there, organized the bureau, placing Captain Cogswell of the Thirty-fourth New Jersey in charge, and then returned to Montgomery and served as aid to General Swayne. The bureau in that state was without funds. Swayne proceeded to Washington, and on Nov. 11, 1865, procured from President Johnson an executive order which directed all civil and military officers of the United States in Alabama to turn over to General Swayne all prop- erty and funds derived from the sale of the same, which had not been finally paid into the treasury of the United States. I proceeded, under his order, to Selma, to sell the remains of the destroyed rebel arsenal and foundry at that place. Found a large quantity of material, consisting of great cannon in all stages of completion. Some w T ere on the lathes, in process of being bored or turned, and some still in the moulds, which were deep holes in the ground, bricked up. There w T ere also huge iron rollers for making railroad iron, and a great trip- hammer; also, cranes for handling immense weights. The property had been captured and the buildings burned by the cavalry expedition under Maj. Gen. J. H. Wilson, on April 2, 1865, at the time his army captured Selma. Found it im- possible to sell the old iron (and presume it is still there). I found no other property in the state, except tax-in-kind ware- houses and hospital buildings, a few of which were sold. The citizens had appropriated all of the personal property. On Feb. 10, 1866, was sent to the headquarters of Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas, at Nashville, and procured an order from 468 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1865 him on the quartermaster at Chattanooga for two carloads of rations, one of which was taken down the Wills Valley railroad, which runs on the north side of Lookout Mountain to Tren- ton, its terminus, and there delivered to the officials of De Kalb county. The other went to Kingston, aud thence to Rome, at which place it went by boat to Centre, and was delivered to the officers of Cherokee county. These supplies were given to the people of these two counties in Alabama, some of whom were on the verge of starvation. While at Rome I met Comrade William R. Gillman of Company I, our old regiment, who was part owner of a drug store there. Served as aid to General Swayne until March 2d, when I proceeded, under orders, to Vicksburg, and while there, on March 20, 1866, was mustered out with my company and regiment, and received my discharge, after having served con- tinuously within a few days of four and a half years. ROSTER AND FINAE RECORD OF THE REGIMENT. Rostkk of Field and Staff. 1861-’92] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 469 03 33 r-'S CM „ • y £ O c3 « S-2J 2 =coio^£l .2 S SPa 2 3 l-lso-dA.*- . O-g’S "Ss s « 3 SiSy mP . y bCi a o CJ © y — 2 >»£ tfly o © C* c3 3.SU -•22 « <<'© 03 5 « „ C h - SP hh^ - rt O . — -3 bi OW'D h t. ^ , « 1C C -*J 7. £ „® 2 £ . l— 5 fl CO _c 2^ |2° *^.2- ^ “> 3 «3S4jrt-a^3o-? ® os £ y ,/3 q fe S 2 •- bo © fc. tT S-. r« p -s 2 ag 3 03 y ^ ^ si III 3 ° c - 2 £ s §- -3 5 si II-;.- a *5 = JU £ a e ® 2 ? r Tj? ►» *3 5: bJDaJcSo.rf'ajc^SrtQ’o'S , -2, 2 © .© * .* 5 p ‘ 3 « 5 c -3 * ’ 5 M.**- a § £ ".5 5 ~s 'a n ® °-2S t3 _1T © OlO O ^ £ fc>»2 ©-i S? 3J 2+^ S’t J 3 . r-t O .22 ■** -5 83 2 c* O C, 3 o 03 to rlfrf 1 t, a 0.0 •2, cBS 5 c — — y 3 — i-< 3 Ch $ = O D~ o <5 cq ^ 3 a? ■gl oi' 5 )a o aT^ 5 ^ OT lallll Ph a) 3, 3 .3 03 3 — CO 3 Sa’1'5) *<5 2 3# • 3 S3 5.2 SS iS 3 & "0» = ,-. _"-j 5 ^ © © ~£ |f * 3 go«‘>2 bD® 3£\ *03 o 3 © 03 £ © 2 .2 ~ ft P-C «n ® *3 ^ O ~ y ~ - 03 > - o* M fc 2 S 2 iT -3 Z.E-f. H 3 S £ A c Sj J «> o £ a 'll 5 c. « 3 S3 2 03 3 • S *5i) ■2 5 =" O 3.5 ■* > ca ^ « PhU lS°M Q.5 55 °ff5 ^3 . 3 w c5P oT 3 _ "2 ‘C 03 03 o 5 2 § . 03 lO 03 L-SH ti ^ I “le^> a ec a u m *C3 2 g*^ 3 . oT « *? ® rt i? si rq 5 03 to .^'d *i t. C3 03 O c3 ^ U 3 S~ 2 .2 ^ « S 0.0 « 03 _2 3 y kS -5 ° GO 03 o| £ t rt cJ «5 e i Ph cg c3 c ^ « 3 = -3 £ oe o r^- r— a So tf a--q4 03 A °;S S w'm w 03 -Jg « = cs 3, 0 03 3; coi^i O — M C3 CO O cc“co‘ -1 *-< o © cz -3 3 <3 *-5 ft 03 03 * ft > « : > jz ■ _o i oft £ S: y y ftft 2 > § ® oZ c c r* ^ & > y 03 ftft •aSy CR oo t- es C3 TfTf 03 13 C3 CO CO CO CO CO (M CN CO CO CS CM C3 03 (M C3 > s < .3 c8 CO Sh © H s § OH ■eg ^ 'S X CO PP C > 3 •- £« ^ S3 | r- H Sfia |jg S^* 3, 1 ft cl 03 " 'S 3 W sH e u s o ^ 3 •d S K a- 1 ^ _ y ' -3 5 3 £W y g d c v, _• 3 ® y $ 3 '2= 3 > ^ 2= “ c 3 -" | ” « £$ 2 S' I clft c £ r o •“S |S 5 5 ^^-5^ s &fn X « C X! CO Roster of Field and Staff — Continued. 470 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1861-’92 a « CO ® m *T o C3 a> .Sag .5 E-a •2 = 0 -r-a _ 2 o: & £ a .** •r< g fl a fe t'-H? . jO® ® a d ^ q"“ ^ C \ V bfO ju 3 g Q « v-5 _ , CIS « .^co-a g Q hQ Oi S Q ^ — aiO M "O £ 0 0) 72 q 3 'd t- .5 ■ 3 I j ^ ; c3 .q a> 5o • * : .'Sr^ ^ co a O CZ ^ © © •-< „ 2 S w H© su bfl O O . 2 CO ^3 ID rti S - 'g £ 5P © tC g 5°.„ cl. 5 q *— , ?_, a ^ © be -a .*3 — “ ID So" o . a 2 >-3 a? a --s °5 g cl— q tH - c o w °--a ■g” M Hr- M 2* £io -=. © b-J o< o z: q* j«g Iff - 0) g ■^co w ^O OB : s §H q >» fc u ’-> £ d a a> D M u 5 . *-3 .2 ^ a: a> G2h 52i ^ ^ h-3 rt I I I !5 O ^ ■33 Y - 1 co^ «*■ odJ O D © u D . |o^q 1 ^ 03 c§ q 2 2 2 _g bS). S « a -2 1o a 5 . •2 — ^ D ! IS : •« s |r ~ o t^O hH I^1 sbI|I 5I> £ £ ai i5 N S £ © ?fe< a i 4*: a 3 s | 1 1 I ll •a-s a ® £ « fe = £Q 03 Dn . a** g-'S o Hj O G fa ! I a -i D C CO *.$•2 Cl u 3 as es O f; ’-5 fi « 1 ! s £ Roster of the Company or Line Officers of the Regiment. 1861 -’ 92 ] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 471 S ° 33 © u © c<3 §•£ £ s* CO '3 li © >4 o? °° © v . Sa a. ^&.s = - 1 ! -Is •sa 3 Q o w’3q cS -“L p S S ^ 5 0_ p J = " -3 c i? 3 a © S -o .. g © - cs ” -c — 8 CO»K> a c = . bo J g^-S S § S-3 . e.2«J ~~~ § BSa chp,o 5 a s! ©'2 8 o o Om g rz . .5 _• 2 -g a g as - Sa .2 g ;£ af-2 .. o a: a w _r p,— e © ■8 © ^* r t ' © co a ®£h § ■2 . 2 © « g > . II 2- £ © tO O 0) ~«a oo-stf « © 5 *3 3. p-i. •as a g o ' ►» Ht-r-rcs a *SSs £ A ^ © <5 © 5 h sg §g »' © o > 3 *° r § r O* 'd tuO o a c ca a.^pw.EP'g O ©C. £ o ° ^ b ^ ® o^5 " _a gflfla a _2s a eg cS ci c- © "H, a. "a, - a 2 ® a « a « o j© © © © 03 3 ° 5 £® s|<5b|l. 2* 1 &s'i. ©©aip*Jr—s-<; HH •" © bjog T 3 ” a 5 h a o3 c3 — 2 'O S, ~ G t£-r- © bc*- ^G-»©©y“'®C .— •— © -i 5 -i .— ■© © h- Q m ft Oh ~ S? -. © © ^ ^ a: ii* © p © o 5P « a be: s o'| = ass £«££ 5 © "* — © >4 » O « coQ OS O O Uajb 3 3 3 0 0^0 'JJ J 3 © « S r © r © c;"^ © © O © © © © © JJ « J © © 03 © s s ^ s © — © a © o 3 oi s- a: 3 enV o<1 © © • ,• c © G © © © w SC*g c © .— a fiS O <5 >« •_■ 5 u a S o<; co O < O h-H © S O « 3 c a ep O o' o' co <3 00 O i— » IO OOOOO L- — L- o rH ’-' — -zZZ a a a a c a ® o OhO Oh CO a 3 © 3 ® i a i a»ozi toBC: o o X'A >* fe o> iZ5 . . ^ S=.2& 4) Ct— » aa ;a •aSy CO CM CO I * : I e3 i e «a so S'*. -=» s« r: js V. 9 HoceC fe< a . I o 0.5 B a i «= * s-5 SO 3 S - a? h — ■ o-e ; o ^ :a S |<1 ;*si? c 5 c 5 ia aSJg'jo- © n ■■ I 8 2 ~s 2 § § s> O a g c C 3 OH 3^3 m *— 5 © ^3 o = U « 0 h £ a © H OS ►>S| x«h'3 a a a ® £.2.5 a ? tt; og c 3 Roster of the Company or Line Officers of the Regiment — Continued. 472 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [ 1861-’ 92 B © 55 © 5 rt .£ © C5 a a b g a! - aJ — C . O _T tCxj tX 3 .a C n’-N ©P S'* ** ot- ?->- ..-.2 . 2 ^ 1 - — ~ ~ ~ dt St T3 ?|g. .© 0 ) g w a c e PoS a *5 S ^ S ®S £ © CO E . .. rt g£» . . e5 «j f— 0 .'I 4 ) ■H S 3 « fi ”.1 tx .§ a .5" 43 -ti ^5(2 * bo g tfl b£) • s- . « *- u £ rt _ cS as Jp P « 8 s a ©r^ XJ’g So o c rt , a s-g * O O n ’ I- PPP ^ a • © S3 n- x> « EP« O e««p • . . c 3 O .-a , go 3" . r?3 " r ? «^4r-p.'= £f acca-r^art . fee a " 3 -C Me®og«a«c£ 53 g(N-^ p. 2;X.«;~ P 5 Ph Q Oc Q fioi 5^2 w rt — GCP^ . • ^ otX 3 p ©-a J: rt — j O U o o JSo O S M 3 a © ^ l3 hJ s S rt Cl, a 2 § -■«2 a) a> « — ^ KW 73 ►— 33 ^ O g > n -S v © . cj o J2 a: o a a d •3® = “ P- cK o o tO O O r~ ^ t'- CM bh tb 3 3 o < .J a © o o o 231^4 O O r~>< . 2 || CZZ ^.2 a> ^;o 44 44 o o a» a> z;S5 44 - 44 ^ “ u ®CQ .O aJ ^ 2 ^;^; ^ w • . 44 GJ >.2 = g ^ 3 fc S •a3 v 1 1 •S © ■S o 2 «« ill : 12 ® 1 sg’Si-g IMrfSlSs^I 6 : Kp 5 H jj . > s a ^ . u , r , , u_xPis;a) 0 .c,« 11 ^ »Sa« Sill a , 5 ^sgjs>ass a © «c s ^ o o ^ « - r — 1 .© >-: — 1 t-i f -H*b Ct, Co C © o a I ^ > 1 a — - © _g as 5^ §*; . . ? P rh p ■ 2 » ^ ■3 ® § ! § 1 = a^-c ; © ^ 'o c P :«Cx 1 co C«Cv|- o © © o ^ _ a 43 ©2 rj ^ Cm £ I O 2 5®|s 5 .g o a c S p. 'C ^ — o *> g-W(-5 <5 1861-’92] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 473 SPPP - a oV 5 s' S 5 _2 2 o' 3 S ^ :P Sppp p : p pp 3 3 is' gf®"‘s s' is if 2 * s' ° r j| s^l s !i> : — i i — i <3 <3 *-5 Q ; <5 S i P 3 jp ; 3 ll o So cp o S' S" S'S S' § s : s fc£>> 52 ; fc pPPP 3 coV^i-Tio* to* Sill s PP PPPP Spp pp 3 ; 3 pp 3 S 3 S- SS'S* 0 ' s'?/' g‘« ® i! ill! si si I S3 P 10 V « S * 3 s <5 (-5 of : alii PPPP P »o* -r" f-To* c “ Cl i-i *5 &? >» a c§ « = S~ ills al A A - - - c c o CO* ~I ill * O 0) 0 2T 0) ^ ZZZ,= KwS « 4 -8 < .5 2 § j So - H S 1 §6 3 5z ■a -sfl o o o I S|« °» S ZS2Z ROSTER OF THE COMPANY OR LINK OFFICERS OF THE REGIMENT — Continued. 474 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1861-92 (A £ cc” O — a . S a — -P «a* S W> 9? C3 ft □ 4) E* l- t P _» 0) § OI O ®5j3 .2P*2 ppm p £p A\S ® 2 fcn •ft — 41 4> ■ft OP P *3 § g • *.2 y 'gg pp 5 a o 5 S a O >H O' 03 pp a 2 o e 6 5 ..cf P £ g " 'o J “fc g : a p» ^ = 3 a .2 4>,n - ~ . — . ”T — n u CM ^ ^ o p 2 « ^ o’o? - « -3 T5 Sc. 5 5 to u y © 3"o cj 2 "o Z 11-ill" PPP P t£ £ — 0) 'O to • a; t. ic C 03 t© tc-a ■ggoj o .22 — PP . a .p > o r: — O '< N o 5 § .2 ® «.s a 3«fs3 - c.-. -"E.o e« :© to c3 *- om >- o ’s a I to © r3 'V ►» P ’ft *3 ~ g' o oj — o a> r- =0^ OS^OO hV, 08 p a^aas-gl- ‘ G> 2 2> o3 *ft S ^ o o c a t>C to O .2 flSP "m t-T o . O o o c3 P ^>“5 0) • B 'P pp 'd .2 a 3 ~ ^ p° 2 •••-«, P P WP .■sag - *z 0 3 a a a a> cS to CQ 4> ^ 'O to • qj a> u in P fl CSO O to.a ~ a ■S«oS o .22 ,— 1 m PP P . SP o to* £>< 'a o •2 .2 33 o, a C3 CS o o a a o o ► P P p; 3 P P ^ £ 0> m 3 O c3 Sp Sp p 0> I cs P o a * to "5 35 .“ oil p s > a i « |a s c s r> a P 5 o> c5 03 ^.a B.3 5 a cc • — — c-q : i-< y • to to << < p O P >-i io eo c » c<3'^ 5ZJ z;h *2 a to • — a "y « <3 OS — a 3 o3 ►“5 *S

-. ft l - 1 «: a .o fc*% M P O Sh o £ *H . P ai>" p U rt ^ 5^ >* • .2 > 'to e-'S 5 =- 3 > > a 6 fe T ^ OS y .ft 4) to y a> y a; s g y ? y 2z> Zi oz OZl pp O z z a* a a> CN 05 05 •M Ol CO to tO CM CN M fO CO CO IM CO CO CM CM CM CO CO 3 2 I-. * jzj y C3 o 55 3 a ft B y o *38^ 1 d 03 “ 3 2-^ 3 js S ft — 43 s^-Sg, 4 t ‘ X y ^ >i tuorr 1 5 3 ^OPPl® 5 3 £ P' >**^5 *2 P'S *3 ® rt a ~ .2 Hi. y c4 Po H !> 'y *y a 3 a a c5 c« CO X 1 03 — ^ '-B P P ft a Cm e8-r* H : 3 pgpp PP a i .a •- * a a M • c; - r . B »l=5| la.gj =« o> 1861- 92] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 475 p 2* .5 1 S ‘“l O S-. pi o ^ o v a> ft 2 « © o CO Sh o Cpr-J „ oa « ■ ©> S © a ® p os ^ tip ©i © SP p SO .'P 1-4 iO © _ «?PO - tdOP Y«o rffl o jS >># » © a> m 6= ^ a OOm .5 o.= = ■£ «iz<2 3 © 3 .,• -P o © I 3 1 © 'H •- v t co «|a§® EfSrZAf 8 ss S § «u o a © ci •a§y .2 ^ — 30 03 W .2^ £ Q O >» ^ £ 3 ©< - ® ■ "" a ©« “pS ® O c © -r p © C P2 'S?g p. t£"7 s S ^ ■ p c* gs © M oi CO a a .2 § o . © ^ p --WCO “ §> ^ 3 !S S-: o~: o-p ■ .2 -3 z CO j o7,°© 3 05 a _ o© c° fc- ~ tl Oh &H 2p o I P’7 oo — p O K-m > 5_, ©TO© (NH - >>o3 3 ^ * -^ _© © > — ^© © © © > © © P © © o cy 0 w o cq W o o o O o o p p o p p tjT rtT t”' tjT '3* -jT T p- p. p. a © © © © C/2 03 CQ C/2 C £ o ^■g -5^ 3 =5 e c 5a "g P? 25 So >:y CO b © a Roster of Company A — Continued. 47G a Z 53 *. 0 ) *- o rt p £ r~ HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [ 186 1-’ 92 P p rt P d “ 'g'g " 3 d C t. O o md .~d - — . CO cy 5 Op r o r ° cTt o o £ fa <3P u> § £ d£ 5 p a -a s q C3 C s-S a ^ o a £ fl c s l. H s 5 =.s - O || p *5 O ® Xi ^ '*"• c, 10 ^ o -£ >-» S 3 0 > ^ O _rt b "3 rt <2 „C5 • r> CO *- d - C g r- o •- r ; pd I'i’l • “ CO O d or d o> a> fcuo ba d.® 23 *> CQ fc£ 2 o u M '*" > to ^ £ 2 03 .2 <- ^ I -q § =S 5 . g?al 2 ^s« « « 5 - -os? _ bfl bo — bfl- 5 ,2 ^ w ~i 5 rG *s^3 * ,p d «S « 1 o O rri £Q P* Ti d . d d P p iia= o ^ u -O ~ sort ^ 2 S„-FiU «o d - rt rt 1^3 m S?Ug. f'SSl „ (H rt o o > 3 O CO^j o rt > u rt m s rt > rt o > u c J. a) in UJ w n O m CO O PP U Ph U CJ CO c 3 o o o o c p a p p p a rt rt rt rt rt "rt c b rt P P P P P ^ c P p 5 h tl K § "5 P — « o o ® d 2 P ^ o >■ »- o rt d > o > >- rt P o o t- u jy m m m M PP rt O m o d rt O rt O W rt O rt O a> CQ

P o d. >» — ife O o o' O I ^ ip i jf 2 Ss^id p §3 0 |5 ° ^ d r* <3 < £ ft. <3 <3 <3 <3 19< 'OK 1861-’92] MINNESOTA INFANTKY VOLUNTEERS. 477 <5 ^ CO W > e3 • ! 0 . 5 ft ft ft ft co ft ft CO ss 7 • — a 2 lN a cs ft ft CO tO »-< »-! ©ft ° af >».W Ss •§ o' OQ O ft ”5) £ a ft £ tcft to X5 -g c rt 2 pC © — ft o o « • c3 . © P “ 4^ © o ^ . s 73 ©i 73 xJ ©a 73 to 00 © to ft" ftft" JO OT ft" ft . Jft ft2 : D o 5 c a • 5 ? g r sSfifl 1 33 > ^2 . O ~ . ~T3 = s 10 s ® ^ a o > l-sp §ls L.o=>*S.-=ls! f< 7 > C fttC _ ft „ t£ © .« ft <^ s a a >.<5 _ J 2^7 - 0^,2 £ ft O . 10 •73 5P 7 lo a f , &- vsa 1 ! 2>E?«f a- * s ; ; ^3og“g2 irS^o o-g > ■S^aTSi"! 'a-i ag.s a 0 ” 1 3 « ? c §a £° I O+i 0) O ® 5) fcO ; ft ft a 2 O -7 »H £ P..3 © ft ft - <1 ft' ^ © 1 to r— t • ~~ " tc ft ^ ” ft.S *i t« ‘ •2x5 ft © >• «2 ® ft o 0) m to-; ft .ft ft fco.S ft ta 5-3 § 2 00 2 w a.2 - -, . ~ft 7 5-' co *“ co c JP VT la p tx'ft o 5 - O. >»a A- 3 .gS Q ■" o 1 - P — ■ ? g = ® = gg g; © ©ft © “ .33 - ., 5 - M « Q Q M-slisi '£■ 1 | “ S 3 § j §> g T ^ ^ Q« . * ~ © © _, i . „--J b olCQ a . ■** < . c3 © © CO M i/~ S3 '_ ’*■ J “Q* - Oi _A eft W -ft • ft ft ^ . '-2 £ 3 « ts 2 2 tc . : - a p ® ft c^ft a. > |ft.S s'p’s ® - -• <5 w 2 ® 1-5 i ft ft c-_>> 2 _• oft Jc 5 CO CO CO © © © a a — r£i p e3 s3 "S c3 © o3 ft ft j4 Pk ft O ft © © > — © ft r© '© '© 03 ”© "© ft ftO ft ft CO ft ft ft 7 >, co to to to to to to s to to to O to 3 to CO O O CO ^ -T* TT T 1 TJ1 Tj< Tji Tji ■»T T}» Tjt Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. 0 Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. © O © O Oct. Oct. to to 0 O 0 to to 3 to to CO to 0 to O O CO to 0 to 0 01 CO 30, 26, 27, 30, to (M to OI 30, 30, 20, 30, 28, 30, 30, to CJ 30, a ft o o coco CO CO CO J ft ft ft ft ft O o3 >- a O r H c3 P ft O >* O >* rt © a' e3 S3 P S3 P a c3 p II c3 a’ cS p ft c; m ft a ■© © !2i ft a '© u © © © c3 O © © S 03 c3 ft c 3 S P ft 03 a © ft ft a 0 _ O O O 00 00 CO O to O CO CO » ft P © a © ft U ft >> ft p © w >» (h a © ft x : so © © 1 < ft a ft © Tt c 3 8 [© *P c 3 ft ft c 3 ft a " ^ 2 ft [© O "So p aa H _bB © a OT cT © p s 3 a to *0 H p" ft s ft p 0 ft P cj ft tB _p ft O ft a" © © Q t-T © ft oT © N ft © > S 3 S 3 7 •r 1 to © M M 0 © S 3 ft« O 6 5 0 Q O O Q ft « ft ft ft ft ft ft c; 0 - oa CO l© eO 5 00 cs O CM oa oa oa co * 3 < oa to CN to ©a Roster of Company A — Continual. 47S HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [lS61-’92 i r. ctf P -0 ■a 111 ,£S bS a co w H > u U -G <*> 5 5 — 0 11 i? * * tcS •— i \ os a 0 02*7 to bc$ ec w 0 ■“ * ©•“ O a u ■»« £•« "S •- .5 2 S" = c3 ^ 05 2 05 r* 5 >- ^ g 3 .2 o ..:o-d 0 0 lie I .a* t « a s to 5= § 'P ^ CO 02 CO D t-rrt 75 m (U-r c3 ! s~ o> CDQQ 5 0,0 • ja S3 S 2 o> V *2 C, tOJ- ►.SSSgS* q e ■ p — a — 4- _ _ - I'O ® 3 5 atv « E < ’.2 © g ^ w gc fttf CU GH rt^ y O" *H rP ►»** *- ,H ® in W ° -t. T3 ^ *5 ~ « E? ~ >»SP .£ p j S p. eJ oi ~ »'3 "* < »$3 w S ^ I Q 7 J 1 cJ 0 p J a. ; u,'^ ^*14 «« '■■ i-e -i‘?-dS‘ S c -2 £ § TtT~ r^a i~ o a^stVS r a £*-r n c5 a G 4 e« > a) U t.O ®l-5 h P5 PS "P -r'P oi a .-.d s ' 0-5 ►»& Ui bo 03 c3 ■§!§ Q >‘SS?3 “oTg issi 2 1 3 5 'O-JJjO S a> ^ ^-c-a h: 1 6 &.S k a f<2... 5* Is* 3 a . 1-1 .3 g “"S’ 5 "’.S’-s a “■z'gQ S~^ = * te'O ca ~ d vh glps * ^ 'p -d^-o S to bJD a 9^< 5 6 «.2.2 GO CC 03 O CC Sh Uc c3 sJ OO ► U r J O O Q M £ i !- ^« a cj OU «c o to to to to to O O O O OO O to to to to CO CO CM CM C/3 CC CO 02 a a CD (D C/3CA3 CD CD o if 'O CJ 03 Q) G 0 o a 03 0 : : Dh b s e go 0 03 o s 0 03 w C2 a o "S P-c 03 O D p b CD 6 % o l-H t-j o t-5 | a. "o •”5 J-c o 03 0* o be 43 -1 aT V a3 £ d cS o O cT CD 0 c3 aT o3 H- 1 .2 1 as & cS ~b 0 P O O 0 0 ^3^3 O O ►-o ’■O 0 o 0 03 O 0 Sd 0 5 <1 a 0 c3 G 0 3 £ p 33 2 S3 S § 3 S £ SS — CM CM CM CM CJ CM CM CM I ■s £ P d li I it k i II i i ft II I I eh&h £ > && is & 2 5 § 3 S £ 3 SS o So O S5 SS ^ Wm. A. Wilson also served in Co. E, 1st. Minn. II. Art.; final di Roster of Company A — Continued. 480 HISTOKY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1S61~’92 .2 .2 00 O 5 2 « C C3 © *3 a 8 g cJ o £ n •-> a; , a ec ft •*+*rs a c ^ ^ <:hcw "5.5 >» a; a ce p ^ g a > ft ^ bc-S _0J y c3 5 o fi Q .3 S3 T c 03 >S> :ia| . ^ "<£« G 2.2 2-*^ c 60 «. •+* ft — 7 alj'C j „ C3 ft C ^ ® w O a . txft a : - 'd 5r c “ • “•§ i'S" - *—'3 5-1 - £ o ft W O M w a d D ‘5 bx3 c co ft **.. *d r.o . ft O” Sf 6t ?►.§! Q Sa ic ic ic ic cacco c 3 ~ ft ft „ .2 ~ a ? a > © a ? d o 5 = 5 S d d ’’'JQ'ri’d & cu © © ceP ui—dd'dd s- -O^i-i-fc-^ O >> >, s>, t-, o £ 8 3-^^^ ° - d r d t: *d d •d ft ;r ^ ^ « © d'd £ bx tx bx bx Q d -* W ^ c 3 c 3 I'S :;ooo o r © o £.2 .2 .2 £ CGCQ Ph d O ft o ***,ft p >-» g. • '~’°<3'° ©"8 d d ..d — qj © © 2 © Cd b£ b£ ~ b£ t> rrj t» l* t- B o) es os 4) aJ — < ft ft ~ *" ft ~ © o <~ o O © . 2 .2 ® .2 ^ © Oft ft ft $ c-rs *- rs * <; © a ) © , ^ bi) s. b£ ft H ft ft O O o o coco ft ftft CO ft ftft o O O tO!T t CO : o co co co u to X 3 3 0 3 0 0 ^ e= t „ _ - o o ft ftcocoft ^ a g ft co ft 0 •aSy Oft O S Q O 2 O C 3 "5 o -ft O tc . ^ ^ <3 ft ft ftftftft ft Q ft ft ft ft oi co 'fixer 05 o —i 1861-’92] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 481 e $ © pp > . - * = o tea - Q --H O gg g -*> _r‘o ® 3 a 2 a* (MCC » 00 co CO ■3 8 J a Ss-“ ca =5 c.2 — ' La nS P W> , jaS «?.2 S o 5 03 * U -5 o §8.23 • --SZ S N -C3 3 'Z ® «o is ,o 0 , 2 ° ^ © o _r o 'S’ a 'S 2 .8(0.2 f * a a * 3 o a . tH io ® © a *2 M -O **^,0 nSnS^PnS b£ bT’-i bJD H LC 4 L W - OS S3 . OS S-> lO rO-a cap OOtjO P e3 < cS _. *-< ns •£ & e 3 ic Jo co ~ lOrr.'' SP ©P**^ tjT^ . ^ ^ ^*~ * 5 p'-g *3^ 2 1© 1-5 a ? g MoTg ■3 > P.dP ns 2 ^ S) 3 CO fid ft o fl .©-I <£* <1 o i p ■Sls -■<_, c.5^ P & .5 ° ojs j la 3 S 3 ©nS Q U3 LD lO CO r- CO a c K 2 i oS -2 < s§ : $ is gg ; - r3 S- J < S © -*« < ■ ►,£ ® I C„ ►— > •■© nS P n © © * . rrt tJD bfl 9 S ' © »- 52 ° 1 P eS si'r < £pp ^ « a a cco a a 2 ^ ° 5P ns~~ . 2 -^ P ns PnS © _ bo cS © c 3 P Op ©DO .2 *“5.2 P P 002 +a O >> •“'3,0 nS -h nS P P fe'O . >» ^ i© P nS •~SPr3 © rs - © ■g 2 s w ®°5« 03 © .2 p p © _ 4 J © _© 3o — ,° £2 o o © © a)CO pp co co co p « p p "> P O co W M oup zr ■<4 -5 bn ^-* rO SO.© < < § bc_; C- = Oa <3<1 O co W P S 5Z5 »C o ^*1 bTP CL .- L. - <2 O & s a a & a ^5S I 03 rk Oj fc! S *0“ i ..- 5 g?-E? S3 a © © 3 — © a £ W P SSS ^pp PPmmmo ? 31 OJ a; CQ CO* 2 *• § ^.2 rt bo S 2 73 73 o a> be t£ cj cj pP.p o o % .2 CM £ |S - ,b.§ b£~. cj s bfl 0^-5 Ja o £73 - -a o s - 75 = Q fifl 33M 4- be bo^ cj cj & H'2 OCQ o S ^5 O.P ►»£ pO £ 73 73 O O be be f* cj cj . *pP ,P g S g " S3 O Q a-s cj -£ «!C c» _ui __ O CO W o a _• o 2 £5 02 <5 Pf pf M rf v Tf i< rf »VT t 'T'J -f -T* rri -t" tp t* to CD to to to to to to to to to to to to to to CO to CO to CO*' CM* to r-+ oT of CM* cm" cc" CD* o" Voi* *->* CO* © CO* t}T to CM »— < — < ~ ^ ~ COCO -H CM CM * • ..... ....a; . . * © oj • . be r p-‘ o o o o o o o o o a o a a ^ S 2" C. O O O O O O O O O ~ 5^5 33 ° O CO to to to to to CO to to CO to to to to CD to to to CO to co" cm" cc" — " cT CM** Cm" CM* Co " CO to ^ CM* — " to o" cc" •»*" o" jT .. 4> o k o e • bo-^--: cod oo odd da pd ^ PC > >■ P CT 1 Ch OOOOO 0000-3 . O pr o o «! to < OCOCG CQCCm 3CS PJI-: fc S3 fcA Clj a Cj tA tA a a Cj Cj Oj a pMpM tAtA a a Cj CJ d o o 8 •d & O a ee d "cj o’ a a* 2 T3 Cj a s a a a « o ^ ^0 a a a* a £ pC O pel o PH o s o o O o o o d CO S £o 0 0 > 5z;^c» 0 0 OC5 0 Ph s • 08 V CO r- CO CO ic ic <0 co CM CO CO CM CM CM CM CM CO CO CM CO pM O J j : : 6: *2 .a 5 : : : 3 c o “s £ P Cj o cj *Jh o cj s o OJ | § *d .— 02 X! o o H 2.0 rt 0 D Allen, Ames, Ander a to Cj ~ 0 0 W K 0 a 5 Cj pp Cj tH 0 ^ CM CO ■’f *C 1861— ’92] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 483 03 s s CO A * A ^ d ** ■3 u 3 I 5 ? d 'P d t s-. a> a> ,P <£,£3 43 d +J 5 °55 % % d d d d a) a> a> a? bo bo bo bo >-> SH J-. K cC rj c! A A _ A £ £ „d i-i a; cm be S3 3 'P'S gff § >>.- .- S oi be be d s' | s k>.= •§ « be^f ^ 2 2 fc- be be be h ^ rt cc etf fi « ft flflfifl ft fi fi Oi C CfiQ a oco .28 eZ CO tf 3 0) > d i> 3 3 o fil fi « © a O co& to to to totototo to CO to coto CO COtOCO w ” g w ” w -v w fi S ft fc fc 5 3 « S d fi u 6 b* c3 b O® 3 j fifi^ fi 6 6 > > >1 fi fljJflC ci t— * ctf c3 a? a a t-, F u i* O b v b OZOO ►»>» c a o3 sS a a S- Sh a> OO d a a o 'P a> - b. d t- c* C h-< co . ^ . fi fi P o P cC fi< as C ^ E a a> . ssss m <1 a A t: q 00 C5 o Roster of Company 4S4 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1861-92 a = p s Q M sS P 03 P O P K2 ■8 atf ~ +J h ■g s - .2, bis fl . _ o ^3 UVAS ™ "a> "3 s g 0.2 > Ph ft -.2>-o « « j 2 «| 1 ' rrt <13 'T 3 i^-P .J - 2 a I P^ »h 3 i i*-s *wr CJ P cj 03 , P & 1 “-P s <0*5 j P ' P 5P 3 J? ! 03 -OJ n ■*> hn+a -1 ° I s = S-1 a := p cS a p c3 ^ hf-P r-0 „-P 03 O .2^ 03 3 lO 03 H.S «fd 2 ^ A. -P'S ■-j P*7 « <3 o ^ hP 1-0 0 "■' SS;^ SOU §3 £« gV a ►» ■ -,S «j S § b ^s-sfa “ S-S ft?**-* g l ““j -+- 1 M 0/ *j co — 3* 0(0 P. 1 P - c 3 fn - g*p: <5 'P -*V< £ - 0-2 5 (_j C VH ? ^ u *73 CO O' 1 ^ ^ 03 ro*T3 'P 3 y, -{j — p -c - p p: ft/P fcDrt ^a ?2 8 Sa .2 . _ 3 g g „ t -." 15 -s « •o «■§ g 2J5-0 0^5 .2 S .2 £ 5 £ .a c > O QPh O 03~-S$'o3 r 03 g c a ( n "3 •- 9 .So « d -.£ hfi^ 7 d ® 5 ) ffo cQ-^ 03 03 _,.£ M 03 03 kCT c 3 f-< O Ur& U rrt2 ® 13 i- w Isom'S 3'E.SJ § S ago g S cs.s g S P- Q .6 ^<*6 S “ - g 3-W oSP sec g .3^5 a iJ J 33 33 O O 03 03 C3 O a ss — . — . 03 O O U O O O PQO «o p oT «N p p oT co" p p p c-f NN o o o to to to to CM 04 CM a Ph o o 3 a> •9Sy CO IM 40 CO gl?- K „ „ 3 e so w £tc -1 l^'o-S’ 4 O K -' 'P £ c/5 » — ll|22 J-^ Sm |M £0 <5 &, p 5 ^«3g , © I'i-gSaE? L-§l«5 e § 2a g£ §« 73 *P c © Ill'S i Si’ll 0 ) © © «* © , W „-g CO >»J 2 O £» 3 §£*3 isii 3«j=§ G . u OT3 (h o 5° fa ,0 * B Qfa. j©«S -d *3 'P © © © be“ be b£l fa -£ fa fa cb ro cS c 3 •G ^ ,P c 03 O S “ai* g § J^i-as Slogs:* no a. b g a« a © £ 2 fa 'p "o fa. 'O o -=3 gfa a .« . ?_co te co p • rt - rtO fe -P --; . P O cs ►» a> »o aSSw; ■ § © £ o . . be •- S||®. I § o .5 1 2 = 335 . fa «© ^ of J G 3D o'ejS • w oS<; a © -fa>G3 O % « fa ~ © •■< rp -fa> I •- I “ofa Jo J. S^-apj-S Cj Cj • fe r eG 3 2 Zi a? O p S fa t- _ fa* © O rt p t>ois 1 st. g a .- 3 o _c^ 3-3^ H &D - “fa ; Ofa fa a ; ]»o >»- fa- G ® 2 tio fa © . • w C 3 3 -5.20H5 Q GSPfj . © ~r P bOr-< ^ CS^. « o Ja -fa* fa o ©7 ■ PQ.SO.J Q C o fa <13 © ao i-3 '©i-3 >-3 o © © o a aa a 5 a a C3 O - S oi O > fa 3 5^ 5 p © © p 2 © o3 'fa * © © be a p 1 o a >h o o «c tp cT C'ToT o p O p p oTe-T co to CO aa © © 02 02 .2 a rd G P © HO m m I a a 2 1 o 1,3 d r 9 5-2^ ^ .o d fa* © a I > - C3 faT J a l fa- s S> ®s — 3 I L. © M fa-\ fa — ■aas <* ^ 'c ^5 -< cb ■SI S a -- P flO '5 -a* i ^ H : *2 p : P P jj 3 g a -3 rd rd ^ = W £ oo O Ifa oc C3 o Roster of Company B — Continued. 48G HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1861-’ 92 a a ft ft ft 05 5 © C a a u ^ 0..2 Q5 f S J u >1 C3 05 •”5 M „„ . . . 'P * & 'P M 03 73 _r © " .2 o ~ 2 a i 1 Iff g s i W~>.£- « a « g.8 E? ; « „c3 ! "o ' •* MrfSg Tr-T * ^ a- o ^ o A - g . eS 0> . ~ PJ OT <3 'p rrj .t; a» S *c © o> ~ biD^ _J2 bo O *8 « 53 o 3 rt 3 £ P3 - 3 - 1 ,S •2 O M •. y J2 0-5 Mp® M £ 5 S U o F <35 ej ft . X 05 -*p -OP * £ ^ ft ? ©'PJP ►“5 <0 -~P *?- j‘S5- o'P o o DM. 2 0 ft o u < •- oj .; ej -3 1 is . S*"j " s 6 il(C o-8 f Pi 1 is# 05 . 2 &►» P 00 fc 8 2 2 — 1 *-s ^ Zi 73 -* — * P> 00 ^ go- ST> SjP : bo^ 5 -ft 2 . o a pp a B o o P p .so s a a a gii^ *= Q.S’a^mja 73 O t . -*P C^ • •+— - 18.8*35 Sg.§S- 2 sc a s « a“.s -Q 2 03 «P a m O'* -P 8 <35 S >P .2 s ►. fc p £? -4 T 3 rt 2a a-? 'P a» 4 fH “< ‘V bO P ■a'S §53 <0 73 P o ® f- CS P3 o o a bo TO ®* p m O P 03 6 8.2 2 p ’o 0 O o£ 05 05 ft Q 05 8 rtoTM •aSy b£ d P 5 = <5 a a .2 ^ p p ri O O .a p p MSB CO CO c-T of co co of cf CD CO of of o o o o c co o to CO CO CO CO CO 03 an £ p § H o o a ~ — p a a a o 73 rt ~ ClJ -> s a - be tT Si ° a fl S3 « 1 1 g 1 i rp o tn p o o o cd a I 1S61-92] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 487 2 & a £ £ 8 of of of of of of I i i ii I PP P cf of of P P of of p of P P P of of of P P P of of of p of SI I SIS sssssss o to p po p § « « s'g s' 2 = 2 ? 2 = s' s' s' p p s § 2? 2? 2? P 2? 2= 2? s' s' a s' s' « s' i i II ii S 3 §■§■ S 3 S 5 S* 11 1 I 1 3 5 m A I II a s s ss s S3 s s a s s s 3 S 3 § Roster of Company B — Continued. 488 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [ 1861-’92 .2 X 05 03 . - 03 >3 o> < rt a co © 00 ” a a Ot -rH P *1* g p o .<* *-5 p .fl ® r dM 5 M .a 13 s Q 03 6 & S 3 •“ s o ►>. Q.S »SoJ P a'-g “■g-a^s^s “" 1.2 25 .S .2 I a rt c. cn a t« .2 H 3 ' P > ft © O w aifi S- L+s ° l^-S* V _LT'fl ^ o ft ft © ft a> c 3 ■*- o> « 2 6X5 g) p O 5o ej a! 03 fl £*ft ~ ’“p ft ft ■*■* ? 0 °HpC )00 i O “ .2 w .2 O « ft QQ ~ j-s „ w>.® □ 4=1 “ R O a « £ • fl ft fl 05 m Q ^ •H S 0 ) 1 H -I flft .2 fl O CM .♦jft • rt <}t 03 “c-r| ■'“h .-ft Sh ■^-.O to 'fl a-. . CM ■ 6 -g — as aj "ai c 3 p, • 22 <- g>cC « 2 ft ^ w £ S *•« « a a a a 5 g“» ’ ft cT ■a •-« 2 « _• S tH . HO«fl jKs i S.SjS a a a o So 6X5 p O.to ft ft a, 0 - b£ a p a fl c« 2 CU ct ro c3 .©S ft .£2 0 ft ? a? <£> . 22 ^ „ . O ct . r fl'§ © mO 5 S ft •- c "P ~ n a ®5 11^1 •-I-5 0) . <3 ^ b 03 “ggil t 3 ^^.sw ^ O 7:3 o £ £ft 05 tH ^ 'rt fl p © » v. ft .2 -fl 2 = o s cc o p 0*0 s £ \ O ° HP i O OS ft ft p O <15 03 M ft o c Q/Q)0 XX XX X O O X X X X X X X XX 2 o »_ CO .2 a Cft •sSy CO CO CO CO O CM C-l CM CO CO CO CM CO CM CM CM o a m "S a 'd fl 05 ft fl ft o >o o* ft s "u fl P 05 c 3 5 ee 03 Name. ft fl c 3 H ft s a S 3 *“3 •Trt Oft g ‘1 fl o H , Marvin.. , Edwin ... fl c 3 ft s O oj Jh ft 05 * lx a ft o tT ft ft CO 72 bB U fl ft ft o >-i a o ft a o rt ft O bB c ^2 03 ”! ft m - *05 p *g s fx OS ft o »-< 05 t-, ft* si ft 'O G 5 P >» ft p P c 3 ft ft ftft ft ft ftft a c 3 ft O ft o ft ft ft 00 72 H H 05 N 0 - io o t" OO 03 O — CM io lO to to »o to IO ft 1861-’92] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 489 c.3 - . 6 .73 O . 03 o 3 fc 5 2» 5 ^5 ^ .tp o * c 73 rt bJD®73" gg.a* fi 2 o g => . o s a O 03 03 ft > CO ^ r-~ m o •g® p d” •2 S, S . 'duo .2ftO O i— I H « '■ P ^ -43 | S «1 laos £°3,S ■si-*. be cac; CS ^ 23 bo . P .0) P >>P H-j O' 3 h S’? ■S«» O S g c.a ® ■“ 4 £ "d o'd 03 oj bop be fl t ~a a> . p I s? “< j •o o © « § 23 o rP'o^i %'^S 3*0 J 'P £> 1C 5-< A- O o S - .■g la^ C“ 1°S £ 5 020'S O 23 p £ © *-■ .2: ^=2 j-d ! P • «.a • '3 lO O 2~" “32 I g 8-S® QH Jog ft ft 73 C1.« 03 ’-’ ^ 5i . 03 ^ - '^'310 P >“5 *" 3 iPod g'S m - 03 .5 13 d, S tO be—; bC — o3 ’-' Jh « j. s'S^S « -fl ffl 3 oO o (J 3H 03^ W s ’ft ft r^*P o O 22 22 73 "P 13 13 be be U J- d «J rS 23 O 03 55 P 03 CO d i- 2 ^ fe +J -r-l . ^ ^ tr ^5 • ~ £» 03 m m K/ f-> • tO W CQ 03 ^ ■"_ 6 o- 5 .2 ■o o®2'4 a f s5t°„ 0 ^ P “S 05 rW >2 ” S 3 *» “> £ ce O P Jr 03 2 £ - $ j: « 2 0'S 20 03 3 H ^ S 2-? O 5-1 ...Z 5-1 D rf 02 03 y r S Sa- £ s ^•-o 'O 1C 'dP^- 'S 03 03 03 - 13 be be be’* be U 5- %* _ Jh ci e$ d -r 1 oS 23 23P3 £/3 0 0 0*0 00 m to . <3 03 >> M c« 23 03 20 03.2 <3 ft ou cn u P*T, 23 23 ^ [5) # bo ^ sZ s-i o g .03 23 P & a Sz; fc. 'P ^ a S ^ a 2 13 _03 KO co tn co •«2 'fli 2^ 5 - > tn t: a a o as ^ e a & 5 a> 03 d 03 2 S mKw £ ft Zd 03 23 to to to ub" crT oT *-< T— (M be be 23 P P 03 <1 <3 § to to to r^O of r_1 CM —I be « P- P 03 <■«! O 0^0 o' bT -r CO ” < 8 £4 .£ S S J= K c, OKfc f5 ^ oo r co co gg b 2 p « cS 3 3 3 3 r b n ” A ” 5 c a — a> *W no fc 3 U j2 >*- TSa F ^ 03 o^o 23 ^2= - 03 2fl t- -*-> 03 C3 d 13 SBS W I 1 ft ft a a cd CD .2 Cu M ip a 'P - o *.2 gp 3 ft tujOT 1 ^ ^ a a Jh ft ^ O O as a ~ S-. . tH 1> M H - 50J -Hfwcu - t - - S^TOJ OJ _T { ft 0:1 a> bO^J P ’to bfl*^ bD^ b£>S bJC ft o J-, rH f-. U § a a££c § S^- .3^ >^£.3 «>« Sa . S 03 * au 33 k °03 0 = 0 = o 2 *“5 - E 2 ^ jo ® >-s .2 r * .2 *" 3 ‘“ s ,® *C .2 CL, Q-a<«QQftQ« T 3 cj QJ ^ p "S- 5- s- ^ •a-®" gao s g«si P 3 ~ r P " a > - r f_, o a> y. ~ 2^3 -p ~ - o Q> •» qj -ft £f> *2 ” bJDrH g bfl^J br^J Q O 3 a o sSo p o p . .2 P ei ^ .2 ^ .2 & a P. P. c 3 io CD ft ft O 525 & 3 ft ft ft ft ft 5> p bJD t I CG 55 <1 <1 ft ,Q 00 P P* <1 <1 Q 2 ft <1 ft p a <1 cg zi o m £ a M CD^ »H 'P ^2 a ® “ « ft o ■aSy CO a> ■M iM F- -t< Cl CO CO CO DI 0 Cl (N r " < Ol (M (M *0 > .3 ’> M ci pa O bfl P 0 t”5 P TI ci pa 0 p" ft ft ft w a* ci ft 3 'p ei ft "Cl> ft O 2 « 0 0 2 OlsOD a 0) ft 3 pa ft ft p ei cn P5 O C0

CG 0 p CO P Fh H be P cS > & ei 00 O Ol CO 1C CD 00 a (M DI D1 DJ DI 01 CO CO CO CO CO CO oftbe 1861-’92] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 491 la IS 3 3 .53 p C3 o ^ a -a o <5 a 5 — a *p — < oS 3P fd GP O . O C ^ W I ® a> ip .p a *■« — a op £ O O ■♦£ © 5 GP 2 a ?3 _ il a g b£ 5 > dP., c 3 o 3 « , a* u— ^ _ cS.P a~ ^ pS a a “ ^ d _ » . - '* 1 -a> 1 os a V mP °« biDCi 03 q A S H 3 J >>“ Uo U P Ift i gp op — ' » sppn a S’? Q* r*1 ' ~ o-a a •3-3-5 § cS " 5 p P g'bla o a s s a a _, -3 £ ’3 , j3 2 IP — *53 1 3J 2 — ** "o : p u - )3b! Cm Cm CL, 2- So 0 * * M * Sp . ^ 1 ? OP © < 1 > „X> >» sal «o. ! 2 a ■;< -2 __? ?_g§§J Ho ** 3 0 r^ic^^^^ clJ iftS«ir J c3i^e«i«c8»0® 5 io ri , H H 5 2 *-3 — r! zo o -» -o co co co co co — ~ C ° « §T P ~ P^P^'P^P^P^'d^ GP ^ p -s^S® ■g'd s- 2 a £ r o - g o op be , ^ ^ S5 23 -p2 r°2 2 ^2 f 0 — Sc Sb Sc 9 ^ 2 ^ j5 — 2 J>» J .>» 5 ,►» J >* J >? J q2 ^ S .j£o'oo'oO’oooo’or‘oo’oooo~ — ”o o '©l p p .2 .2 ^ .2 p .2 p . 2P.2P.2P.2P.2-r .2 .2 “?S QCiQOQQQQ « j>> "a •-5 P a ,*T J- e 3 OP a "ctf p a co d ^ «H 00 GP P O .2 -2 OP p O c3 o fi g S '0 ^ -a OP GP GP *• OP ~ fcC . tC bJD~ s-. io j-. v. ’-' c« 'O c3 c« K 3i -d ~ _.a -d r\a — 0(0 CP O 3 O 3 .2 p .2 p OP O o 9 S GP a m* p" b£) P o' p GP d Is a O P a Sm a GP O GP "3 "a 03 tc a o £ GP «a o O ip •03 t-i ilbouri City. a O p ® 'o GP ► cS s cc 3 33 a a 25 z z z CO 3 & U3 lO Tjl cocococococoococococo COCO COCO ,0 2 < 1 P s as £ - o ■“3 . ^ >-. >» c3 c3 ss >%>> ci ai ^ c= tH tH o o id James A. g : p’i. p o a aa GP OP c3 a oT lenry f. • : : ; ?. -S laiu Ole , Audrew c3 a o -a H . d N 2 ^ H ^ p a 'qp O 03 -3 'o ® Sh GP (M D d co d s tn GP _- < ^ c K i ^ ^ - S - O gl I 3 r3 H d CO CP O (M CO Roster of Company B — Continued. 492 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1861-’92 s°£ a a <1> 03 lO 05 lO Ci 03 to ~ ,§ 'o’s o= o'^'o’s'd .2 ^ .2 ^ .2 H i .22 H 5 .22 Q P Q Q Q a a a a a ; «* «c «us c*,o- .o.«d_«o.w r o - 'O - ~ r U«' • gj »o> '•ai -Q) - Js.b~ r b2,b2,b 'o S 0's S’s O -■ ^5 .22 >“5 .22 *"5 .22 P P P P <0 txC5 OJ JS-S?. 5 5 8 10 ir ■g-a®-a5P 2 o> - o> - fl tflcs ^cys C ^ 1 ' 2 2 ►»«* >» d O S o 3 02 .22 ^ .22 ^ o o o u & a £ 6 £ £ & >, si C 3 CJ g g g >= >. .a aJ O % s b - g g t>> X a o g g a a & o o « 0 a fc o a a & a a U t* U U L. OJ Oj O £ CD O •83 y CO CO CO CO « r. w OD aD fc- “ ^ ^ ” — — , , »— w p5maHWCDWpHpHajaH(> O t'- CO C3 O CS CO Roster of Company C. 1861-’92] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 493 e3 £ o oO 5$ 'fl,'© -4J £ i ©a o^o) § o a^ etf o o 3 ^ o'-* a s «ga «o .25 , b c3 © r «*-< G O ~ ® fl W ^ . « P-, 2 s »" 9 A 1 ; >4 gs QJ ,^0 bc^ O co . b u © s! *° 2« £ g

- _ «s«s S Isg&s gsss-s CL, J « ra — |.*fi -g S-g o .o - 2>~ ■§ a ■O & a .s .-a c-g'S^i s.l§tef 3 73 V p* .52 ■■£..■■$* O Ch Q M' 5»© p Vh ’« a.§ s -3 73 bpp °> § • t“5 C-2 0 03 ■ — ' ■•-■ -£ 'O — ' ££ > S 2 © 03 4 «o^|| © o **-< F" * v a p H iTio :a)Li -SO to t © O A Op il *-■ o *5^ fl a 3 -i-i >— < ■g S, N s « a d sg-gei 203^.2^° „ Oh 3 Oh cpj o Q tj fl © -P o 5 ht a wo 2 « o ■?”!§ '"u . 10 g>§ ®« ' 3 y a ■ '•9 l ^ ga be bflid *-. © S*i ^s° 3 a o v . .9 .2 r 1 ©’fl^ bca^ i g 3-a o r-u -© 9. o : " ^ j'g 03 © 0 ^ ,d .- - © £3 5.5: p O UJ.H © »- o. -m ® fi o> 225 .flr -5 SsS a a a a © j3 w > S tf rt b '"COM A t> O A3 t£> M TO £ P^| ©^ © o c 3 03 a> ^ -a- oq T 3 riT ^ bi,^ “ ^ 3 « «© ^ ,r ? 'ao □ 3 5 £ A a w w £ 4 S O t 23 I a a? s £ sa =0 a s la w a a i ^ Roster of Company C — Continued. 494 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1861-’92 43 c a at on at n. 43 43 . G _« £C «3 C S P G S fc’ u s ^ 43 - P •a .a s : .« | ? S ’ p .g .« a ^ C > 43 ^3 4 f d 'O p 43 .C t- 43 ft 43 O ft ^43 Paul 2 Grai .2 G n ^ O ° 3 a p l. rp c 4 p 3 43 43 43 43 pi, ^ s- 43 .3 32 1 o • CM 43 ft > 5 3 o GQ 5 S R 3 H £ r S a ' ® u • ..P ' OP'O G rp O ' Qj . -, & QJ b £)— G be « d oi g: -G ~ 3.P “o S ?~ % So’ 5 O) 5 c 11 ' 2 c ®r p p rt O d £ 43 p co a> p tX) p t- t£ o ^ Ocp {-, 5 flj ^ a; *2 M r O P'S .. £ 4jT « .2 i- s rr O © •* Oh ft r G V~ &►> •£ c'p O Kh - a o»^ ■ • fe = M *r o* 00 l 43 g-S* s ■fs^s 2 ^ccW » 3 03 'S s> 43 O o$£i £ S-^S -2 >H2 « rp cJ .2 0.2 rp Or- 60 5 ■< SS'I ft" S 43 O 43 ttQ M 5 5 'd 'O 43 o O^G 43 5, *G e R, B B B 1861- 92] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 495 72 CQ o a)*”* aS © ^ oo b o . 22 'gs 2 &°S'E t? Q -g~ a s § 'S o.a £ 0 03 M C u .XUh^-c E • = 68 ^ o CO £.W O «’ P3 l^d o~_a !Sh ^3§ JZ| CO'S 5 - 03 as - tc 1- 5 c3 a - a — S « C8 r 3 - — q (o-d v '2 1 S^TiT-i 2 a> S'C © a S^d .*j © 0.2 CO © 03.2 as « fi M Q CO “ ©Irftl 22 k 2 k>03 d c * > 3 a; S 2 73 P'SO'S 5 «^-w g g’S cTP5 ^3 "'S Td > L.2 53 H 03^ © -co .-g ;iS w = ftg -f-J CM 3 05 . O 03 P ^ ^3 as .© 'O ® "rt S 03 to ft Tti’S 2 cT JP S ^ K. 1C 03 u s- . S-'d -Cd -g 03 '"5 ,© o-l 'Si B g 1 Epo ° o * « O .® 25" ccd 3 " 03 ej 0 £ Sh ^ eS ft Co 03 'S5.2S be _ - u .^'dj* 2 a 2 3 SgS’g .2 0/ 73 03 3 5« 7D 03 too In oS 03 .S-W rrt— SP U a „ 5 ?W ’S« . o ^ ^ a : O a 33 aS I 2 £■ §o L ■— 3 «S Sh ^ - ◄ gS8.g§ On Q 3 ■''CP .2 d ® - • -S j_ t£ — 03 0.20 Pi Q ° om ■tfS •> 3 °P o d j a o" d s £ ■d 03 W)-a a 2l-o a m 'P 5 d _ biD 3 oj •O ft >, >l 73 +J +i d d ”2 r 3 ~ ‘zz ■- --3 •-•§■§ tj< t m £ to to ® jc - -H ~ - ^3 rt - r ° ^ • • £? . © *h a cfi c^d os >“5 *0 *-. 1C t-s Jg 03 -03 oo* Q3 £p -t! 3^3 03 3 - s .5 eL 10 * - 2 £ • r* c es Ljr 0-g£ ^ I go §■§ ^ . ’ ►‘g° Q fe| t | 03 o '*’' = “.■SO'CJ > r®«s.ss5 § C 5 u «B -* ' tr/- N 03^ Ph 03 p; tO M 3^3^ 03 3 « - 03^.^ P 5 ft ?s ; C 03 U 'gS r^lEscq «*-< 5 - H ° 03 £ 73 • a .-go C«oCl° _ swJspS fi s-> geo" - to cT*' f°S , ^ a -'i? , 03 r— *>-l ftft o o M M oJ oS ftft OS 3 ft Pi OJ ® ft a? si 03 QJ 03 ft a o > ^03 a S 03 ft ft ft a’ > 03 O c 03 03 2 ft aS o «J 03 > 03 aS oS ft > >■ 03 03 A* 233 oS cj a aS XJ 03 Pi ft Pi 03 a <5 g ‘a. a 'S 03 2 3 > o cS ft a 03 Sh 2 * flj tN ra oS o a CO ft 03 ft ft ft w « o w w CJ CJ ft ft CO O Mo T-| _ _ _l ^-1 _ _ _ 1— < to to to to to to o to to to to to CO to to CO to to to x> »- tft ft I>- V- f> «> r- t— ft" t>- ■> C-* r- C""* ft ft 03 03 03 03 03 L 03 03 03 o O O CO oo O O O O O O O O O c C o O OO _ — _, to to to to to to to to to to to to o to to to to to o CO to io in Ol CO CM ft 03 O 03 O 03 o 03 m CM (30 CM 00 CO CO on z n m w m ■ 2 2 « O Cl fi S - S- •= 2 A 3 H fa fa O O ■x a .2 o3 r- a CM lOI IM C^ Roster of Company C — Continued. [1861492 490 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT S 0! 5^ fcH Oh 'fl Red w Mini West Mini cT 'fl fl ro 'fl © to CJ43 :y May promol with t • Oct. 30,’ promol with t .J M u S °l •fl .g TO Q So g*TO © ^ OS'S i"S £ d 2 fH "T « £ II o u • 5 .a a £ a - ® ■- TO 4 5 CL| '3 0) ^ 'fl to O . - bo ,-T to 43 fl % TO »“5 r-J ■P t;o ^ 4 - w) 'fl fl Jj TO •■-; a a > -s .s a ■fl -fl 0) © bo 4 © CO fa- ng g go « H J -‘o -a T : Mi&f! c3 > 2> «Sgg>SS 'TO 42 5 3 oi ^ ■43 • fl ET-fl 43 O ' :©£J©O b£j © a ’© *?SP i 5 2.2 © S .»■=- £ § W ■ A « Afa fl © © bfl ag b£-^ © « A rp CO , ©~„ CJ . bD_ — - CO M n HflP _g - «>-■§ “ 4- CO N M A o A _ CD ’fl ~ 1 bJC^ W) * o3 . oi 43 •£ rfl • O © © CO m o c & S t=.g: i w . © O J S^"’ 'fl ^ 'fl ^ -73 C/2 ^73 © © © /vT © Qj © -Sj 3 “S3 “a- ,-S = - d*S «* ° = ■ a J3 JH a-a g ° n ! 'y.-s g «> s^o? © t*. Jj CO -pH it* K p a b a d 3^“ 'O o Ph « « o o o •M.M d d aa o n ■B ^ ^ 75 Oh fl W BP o3 — — •- O ^ a ^42 « = § 3 o J iJ j wU 03 *a> ^ A A to CO s CO CO CO CO G CO CO co CO co CO CO co CO o r-~ i> U- r~" r— t" •> - t>T Oct. © O Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct. © O Oct. Oct. CO CO CO CO S CO co CO CO CO CO ’61 CO co CO 3 CO Cb to »o lo'to to to to to to 1^ to to Tf CN !>- CO CO CO CO fl- Cu © © CCC fi CC C/2 CO CO CC CO O fl I s J-. © © S o 0 PQ . 4*3 ^.2 M M a c3 a 2 oJ g'-S-S ^ s CO CO co CO -H 0 CO 0 to 0 T* 0 OO O _ CO CO c-© m fl W d fl £ wi © 3 fa W 2 <3 525 -fl W fl* p W) _fl 3 3h c3 w fl* 0 © bo u 0 © 0 t-T © : E?a 0 C^ © 42 Ofl tn O a w S Ctj 4: s r, Michael a TO *-o (h t-> TO A fl* © 4*3 © 'C "to A fl* .TO P fl* TO fl TO b 0 (H O B ©" TO a 0 4 H of 525 fl 43 O •“3 © 4 <5 0 * 0 M a 4 0 >“5 fl fl '© fl2 a 4d’ © TO M a TO bO f-. O 0 ti (H *■4 M w 0 ►“3 M m 3 M 03 A M S g a s •B B S CO -7- CO 03 0 Cd CO 'A (M S p S co fl 43^* .ss« 2 00 ‘S g ” 'Z 3 43 ^3 M *- >> GO © "3 ^ ^ . 2 ? 03 O P S o o o o o o O O O O O m L_< W S o W ©.2 .2 o _d a a HO a 3 3 ■H a c$ 3 3 a o 'O < 22 ■3 u >-, a cS a S3 o’ £ o a 3 "ti © bo Cj 43 3 3 £t a c« o a « pq « o O o u Ph a © © 3 43 o ’o' © ffl O a" 43 H c3 'a w fl 43 O >-5 a o to fH © 40 a C3 0^ 1 Ho d* o d* © 0 *T fl o u *© tH M © u 'o 'o 0 p> © of rS 40 a © 43 s 3 "ot 5 > d 43 3 © Oh o PH o 0-1 3 PH « « 3 Ph Ph 02 d CO 43 H £ £ £ > Tf •«* •o CO •'S' 00 05 Ttl o lO lO CM lO CO lO T* lO iO ic CO lO lO 00 »o 05 lO O CO 32 Roster of Company C — Continued. 498 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1861-’ 92 s 3 «.s ® 5 6 .553 M 3 £ © ci S c 2 P. w . . S * te ® a> .gS>* O rt -vT 53 5 o K a Bigg's a - Q ~ o -r - . o ^• 5 oSo H M ^ Vr, . .25 w c-R^ 2 .H O 3 « -a g S s H, >■>- 'S « *st£v. © < •k S 'P ^ S M © % £ .2 e« S = £ OP 02 <1 a a ^ J C-l l& p p i-: >-i T-r fl r! £ bo ©iP © ”~ _ © 9 bo .» bo,-, w 5 Ci i—l Ci . ^ rP • 2= C 5 o-^oua-'r- •— o •* ^ ^ ^ fi°P P3 M r 0'0 »-. V- o o rQ T3 O)

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O p~ a £*,p P u ~ * J rtO ► " ■ ' H bo J 1 J-. CO CD CO ePJSfl *"8 2 -■S § £ ^3 q p 03 0 ^ 'o O 9 © o> to o g +-* a S 2 CO P cU 5 o -a "S - - - SallSl&Sl . 5"T5'° ►?§ S3 at S-°.> &£ — = g 'd CD p w CD 5 2 p 6s CD P s Scott 'o 2 2 o 2 P P a 2 1 p P i 5 : r d s < p -: s a : 'S p bfl c§ • ’p p P © <1 a* rP o : P 03 n! P P &= 0 ) £ bfl g m o o o o A h cs O Oct. 1861-’ 92] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 535 .a ~ 1 3 O « - © r- i O' u ; sh 3 ? © ci ;s s q s W g" 0(3 b sha^-g 53 § b a aT3 'o s'o 5) - P ^ S CJ £ O.P « y+i a £2 © T3 5h © e3 © ja=3 rP p £ W) T3^ ca s- p *.2,5 2 °^ ..2 ; 4 a s »2 a >P © © g gi-s -> 6 E O a a S' %2< ! ■ <5 > o •- 111 s-g g-S • £ q*P b£ 1 c© 2 P j- o In P c3 P *-o S a : ud rd.P'O'P © bfi© co -£ .2 :p - os ^ 2 «o*g 2 ><3 "3 oS b ^ .5 sl ? 2 '« g> ftg a £?a- 0 -s goo* -L» ^ CM p ^ © • . S3 M-P E> - O t-. ^ O 2^*352? 'p >» © .Q O 'P o 2 o P :<£> a -s 3 a P - o~ 111 :=s a IT" r.s = flo Ci 2 ^ ’p P CM t-i 11,03 . *- — S' 2 - , o O © '' r ;o.2«. H o « Sp s _ g S>«rS rj "•g el 2 g^- •5 §.£-3 I ° Sl-g* 03 P 0 .3 M C P< K a • " '«ra jp-h » S'llci «■» 2 <; 's 0 - O - O - S b£^ rp In •t 2 fc- ’M g fn O O ■5 o-g ^ : o ® © 3 oo'B . .2 C3 S 'O S <1 fl ft w fci a m k h a M 1-5 Si W W w H H A 05 O) <15 OOO P P J 3 0 0,0 WPP P P ^ : o co co to CO 0 co co co CO 00 OOo'O 0000 o o' O O o' O o o CM t-T co" “ ”C> .22 a ° ^ ^35 4^ 'P ~ a p a S S ® £ . © « -2 = m.” *j a ; - - ^ ' *' r d „ c I 4 "* fl) CO Q> gj® MS'; 2 *s ■§ gf Q-crt^ rn T3 ^ a. -~ o3 03 02 'P ^ a> 2 'P bfl . ^||.^ -a © p ft ft ft ft ft ft kT5 • a ; O o 1 IP d X> V ^ -T* gfio. -"a . » © p.w 2 ^p'p 3 «CO fl 3 rt 3 373 ^ o *.22 ft £ ftft ft bCf-i -a » a p ^ ^ ; 2^\ ■h * ~ P bo ! « g-S 1,, 11 CS c3 ft O .§ S3 g "S 'P CO ££ OS -rH *J » flh 03 ^ 'P .22 s a s- ft 5 o -73 n , 'P P > Esftjdft^ ® g a . w ci 03 .—• < j a c 00©' . *.! M ft « o+s 5 a ft a ?Ssa ft •a o> 03 73 fa pis S’g ft~ ftft COrp 3-. 03 e3 bD fH fl 0) cs op o N 3 M mto 0*0 S~ bJOO bCO h N 1" N eS.ci. -r O ft2 P oft oft .« ft .22 ft ft ft & 525 ft P5 co O 03 03 OO ft ft CO CO CD CD CO CO ©cT ft P « Q 03 O a, a, ftft CO CO CO CO ©.■g o 03 ft ft ccO ft a a ja cs & t-I H .2 6 M £ ~ Ha £ Sf 5 co & a£ g Q O O O « O Q O « CO CO o' sc” OOOO £ JZ 5 O hH O (S „ a £ CD fc O £ > & O O >5 S p Is S5 O OO O Ph B B B i :-l a 0 5 §i i 1 o 03 a § ft ftft ft m ft ^ ! | i I $ a 02 02 »o 10 10 10 John. 1861 -’ 92 ] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 537 ^ 'o OC P gf 3 >.2 P P s o P* P '£ u § P ft P P i if m o 1« aS . ?a p V. ft co a (D rt S p a-S ■a * .©S "c8 A4 a rt CD CD ft <1 £ CD ’rt P § o rt :4 Ply Mini Minn p <5 CD *-> 8 r- rt ft S W > ft CM n< P a a a_: o-g 2 ** a * ~ 52 J w a ci O 3 o o o ~ cq£ v o 2^ g-m 2 ^ S bJ] » &□ g-s- • P O O b-' r tf m ortc go i 5 f«j ”S? 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Sept. rt P ^ -8 J-. ttO o a Oj° CD K " 1 » p CD w & « »> © ro W % w 2* p o fS O rt af bo a p a o •- ftft ft 3 ^ ft p'O o ^ M ^-* 'd 72 a suo .8 S S o 1 ! ftft ex o io CO 9-H (M CO TfC »C CO CO co cO CO M CO Tfc lit) CO U- 00 05 O Roster of Company H — Continued. 538 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1861-92 a « 03 u « CS g£ S p 5 a CO 5 25 Q<5M W I |d S S.9 sf O M tT a £-.2 P PJ2 0 ) QJ « M PW V w ag as n «a a 2 s S5 & 44 03 a d .2 o3 si « ^ 43 a 1 fc O S m p 3.3 * a 2^ P.h ? o a 1 ^ ® 3 pW P 42 hi a «3 s .£ fp „ a> e3 S' 3 P c 3 s a PPO p 8 h?5 g^a P P>» a> Jp fp j 3 - 03 03 o' - EES? ° t >» >» ,33 42 *rs ^ r 3 a) o> 03 he bct 7 *-. .22 05 03 — 43 43 a 03 O 03 3 . “5 P ■3 g oj a be P i- 03 2 1-5 od t-p u 42 w g'S'g.SS'd 2 “ o'p a boC to bT-a (p Ip ip "3 * 03 o3 2 ■St-g-Sj 5 ”55 M ^ 2 <2 a ’P'S I : ~ be£4 • Ip'S ' 43 03 O rt •- 5 y W • 'P.i c £ <2 M c SoS £ a 2 a 0 43 5 § fe a ► - y P<> 2 - 4 < P ^ rt- 3 Pp'g : -S ^ ^ too J 3 crT J 3 ! 3,|;n « “a*! 1 t* 03 .!p c t 3 *r n 03 a I to S . ■ a a an : • ip P - ^ 1 O 03 O i o ^ t^c-1 I 'Egp *2 £ »o Kb’S CO CO ^ e* frTeS 2 2 U P P 05 ■ - 3 3 0 a >-5^43 is? »».a i2i ^5^ O O O 4343 _ •O 'O *3 03 03 03 to be bO . ip ip (p lO T; 50 0 03 q -M - . „.P >p CO >3 ‘ 53 d 03 03 ° 03 a P CO ^ 3 3 q a ^^^.2 ■ 03 be ; a.gs? « □ r 3'3 ^ 03 "3 *3 y y O o J a 3 5 p fc>-s w 43 ^ r-P o a> 03 03 co .2 bo be be ■S^ S & £ g *2 — , O to OT OT OT C P« „ .1 eO co . 43 43 43 “ „ ^ O O O 555 5 555 . ^ P lO SP o3 to „ a " .3, oT^ .'o H d o ««S_ § Q af P be o fe « 2 0 5 S-P =* °p--° \ >» O ^ ^eo C O T3 "P 2 '25^ £ -° £?S«p 1 2 °o" 0 5-S 0| a = 3 .2£a»! 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O.’P rp _>»•« © 2 ild J g> - o O p >-5 M cS o Isillpil Oh Q R R 2 S 3 S & & V o « a O O CO CO eo co co co co co CM rj s ftft oco £ 'S <2 5 a ci .. P 3 4 -i <♦-( a o r i s o CD fcJO ci fP o "3 © g E? ©3 INN toio t, ~ *C ' p «a a 5b-^ ra ft p §& \r •- . „ c3 (3j ^ ^ - •+* ■— 1 3 3 -h S'P ■8 - S g>T °g = |- Ig|l2 : ?; OS <13 •£ rP is x *r • o3 riJ cj 3 3 2-43 O g o §3 | p m so 2 53 ft £r^P '% §£)tO bo £ ^ S-a g j3 ft ^Pniort cd a a a fl-g® 3 ■p p ~ I- CO . - P p ^ p 44 44 OT S-< P © P 3 a g-g •S?oS a : o,a Jh +-> ip 0) fcJO of h CM 2 p 8 . C3 -rH •S£'° . «n OJ M’S S/g t>»P g^Sp P -kJ - <13 P-cc bJO su~ g O C 3 2 °m‘C g o to o 3 .2 ** P V. ~*rH £ fc£ tD = H H c ■ O « M r 'a os cs 5r ; j= ja_ > £»STS 5 p m if? g ° >-* g«M p-Sftd § &s Si8a flQfl tf co p “lu Ih-h 53 y HflM ttPdgs C! <3 rt s ® ■“ O ,5| ."m O •p *P ,Q P .,«}£ SdS Jr as rP ~ b. O CO „ 5 W(Nq ft a « «j a> i> « CJ o ^£2 & » g o 3 2 S&M ^ « o CO CO CO CO cocococo cococo CO CO CO CO co* coftfco' CO co'co'co* ft ft ft ft ft ft CM +S o 03 O o 03 oao p POO .-2 p* k 2 ^ a i ^ 1 o p > P ?lg l§ aa 03 OCU •aSy >> 'p o a p o 3 3 5 ^ 1 ft o 3 la /= s [ a 2 £ & |s o ~ 2 a £ ' &: rgb W S 03 ^ 4a > o -cE?s 0.-2 — nJn 2.23 ft A3 c3 03 .; b£l Jh ‘ 2 =2 03 ft rt -ft © to ft* CO* © o *-2 § r 3 rt ^ cs ^ 2 u ^ *H x M © ft 24 — ni s wj'il -4-3 'g tOD+J ^ ft o3 eS ‘E « £» © .O v, © bflto „ CM ft ef^ § si' 3 - § Ip - p <1 ft*© r , . 2 © u fl *3 +j . -O J-4 03 bf c3 tp'*-' ©^ g P^ftr, ft ro 'dft'd © « © o © 2 b£co bCt--^5 5- ft ft © c> © © © 6 O p 6 PR 6 p oo a O o P 6 P p pp p o o 2=3 M M 24 24 24* b c£ S3 u ft u Jh S-. c3 § 5- a .2 £ . = § .2 £ cJ 'd rH 03 >d £ c3 a £h % .2 .2 2 £ *.8 .©23 d 3 .2 ^3 © © fH fe.© D £ © o3 P © ci P © 'S 6 3 •rH Jh 23 © .2* 3 o © ft o M fco o o Uj ft a o a O )Zi OO o ra a C3 o CM CM CM 00 CM CO ic TP CM CO C3 CM CM CM CM CM CM CM^ CM CM CM 7-1 CM CM TH CO Tji CM CO CM ♦“5 fl | os a as ^4 “ I-H 7:a o3 „ 23 «73 ^ S3 a ft o3 c3 wa a w a &a >?w a > H cor> co Ci Roster oe Company I- — Continued. 544 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [l861-’92 p & z: « a © u £ * a 3 .® a C3 O £ a bO T3 .i S -2 gp a a 5 a £ 3 ■sS Sta 1-5 e 3 T3 aa a* g'*® >H fH 3 bD 5 - 2 o£ ° oO « o O 'P *43 o ■*> . ^ CJ '.£ £ T* y cs © to 'ft X ft © * ^ ... 3 -d?'| ?T t © «Q ’Cl " c « p - © ~ js 0 p ^ 3 5 1-5 c8 Q rf tn'P.i I &s£g> -2 os o g * ■3 ^23 O . ~+P T* _, 3 r " 1 c3 do c 3 -73 ■ ~ \2'S a © o s r © ^ © © b£) bn a ^ P OS Cd P^g-S * s .◄ 'O 3 5 23 ft? TJ © to to S3 Q? «*H t(H VH OS 3 'C 73 fd © © © © « W) bO bJ3 bflto P © £ i^'S s •' s « oi'o £- : «a«S © 1“5 Q.) © P 3 M a o ^ op * o cn to w to 55 < 5' 3" S' 3 »Q< P e « ■g>gef "a a Jif .d-g «» So W>CO* CO lf^ ^ 2 ^ 2 ^p ^ © ® ® P «T «> ^ •2,P ;5.£2 s w +J P . 2 -.s*v g’.a "33 n3 Yg “US'S a? 5 | P 3 M Q « P P P3 P5 M P Kl © © K. -P S J P « ■ V © © © ©J ©J jpjJjJuJ © O © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © O ^O^iOPPO PPPOO oooo ^3 o o & .2 ^ rfj ® O !25 • 8 §V CM O CM CM ? 8 - rt (s-o ■gS? 2 rt?S« 3 M 8r T ”' r P 4'pi'g ■g ‘j'f.l 2 I'SS . P „P -§ „ tc p o oS.oo a oja a o ja .f.Sp' ^ tfl M %$ P i ‘ S ej ' 3 Tt< iH b «© * »h c3 ~ ^ c3 .43 r*T _• 43 P O ci A « 2®.® = Q s 0^3^. £.2 M P -j> pP Q 43 O £ S|L_ fl a5^ •as ®-g , oi ,2§ i &.2< AMO 'SiP'd ■' a> .. ^3 4 ^ 43 °-^33 03 ■ Hjgflfg 5 ** ® ft Q> “ H “ A tf £ p . 03 cj - -f 3 f" - *.p^3 1 3 W c « 33 Hj- P 'O >E? r P,ir . 'O w ^ +J o QM 4-g • a^= (15 cl M o S'" S m 2 g'g ,-o.a^5 S, SWSj * Q j_ P P -ta» 43 • ® ® ei ®--< 0 N a $o * * J® o m o o« t)N o~ S a ^ 2 03 4 aa S b 8 s “ S3 1 8 S3 ® & g 'a — O '*'® m 'O is «<- « g-= £ §•- >>° SS-=2 -«.§■" §.«’* eg, l.a.!ls*S-2§ S’?, oM ' ^ „ w m 2 W 1 2.2 o3 ®3 _, 03 •■“' *H -3 c3 'O c3 0 rt a ° o„«s 4J ®^ O «'0~~ »S«3 d zj a a | a S M^ 33 £ w ^ a M Ph CO CO CO CO — 1 | Oct. O O Oct. Oct. Dee. Oct. Dec. | Dec. O O Dec. Oct. Dec. Dec. Nov. Oct. "S O Oct. Dec. Nov. > 0 i ia a « 0 " S S o £ & ^ 0 ^ |H 35 IO IO iO 10 to to CO Roster of Company I — Continued. 546 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [ 1861-’92 P O OQ 03 © ,_r © * « P £ a P . c P ~ P p - ggP N P CO ^ p Jg © ft* P © © 03 - "S g s r d <73 >■*4 P* t O agir title 03 03 03 03 r_Y ,pxj.pxa^ a CO r O ^ 3^3 © tx,^ a rP « ft © 03 XJ Sds^K a-g g^'S'S'S'S s; m ^ b£ bX) b£> b£ m x ■'s ft ft ft 03 5 . cJ cs ci as ft* ®2 gp g g g g g; pppph 1C l> .JP © -ft> . 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L 300 r * r ? ^ cs cj W CO CO § S 2 § a a § a bo bo*r* to £8g£ If ® 0) 2 53^3 33-^3 '%%'£ & 'O ^ a> a) a> a> bO tC t£) bO PPPP rj a> o •a-®a a £*=« 2 CZiQ^CL, ^ TP TC ’I' T)1 TfTj( toco ICOOOCtO ^ CO to to t . 2 S >-5 *S t-3 h-5 OCOTj'COtOOTpO 1—1 CO CO rrt 3 3 0 rr-J 0* a c5 C8 Cj 2 * 8 3 a a § O g © © ©^ IzliOOOH O’S thh td '§§§£§! « “IB-3 & I §.s I ® b aj DO a ; 3odSS?OOOC5 •aSy CO CO CO IO *0 •— 1 »— < h - MNOOCOOHC ) T-H C^COCOCOOlOl CO (N r-i co C ") M * Cl Name. SUBSTITUTES. Donaldson, Wayne.... DRAFTED. Bengston, John Calahan, Daniel Degros, Anthony Emmer, Peter.... Geis, Adam Jeffers, Thomas Mather, Michael Oleson, Peter Peck, Nathaniel Squires, John H Timer, Benedict Valerius, Valentine... Van Blaricom, Henry Wendland, Charles idW^lOO MWOO' M I* <1 Ph 2 o 0 p o P3 H H co O w t> '*-' S' _• P oQ o a> ^ a 541 3 ctS «T CL (jT 2 2*® c 3 ~ 10 Qj ®a S ta =S g-3 M Ph ft ft ft o ft ft M IS Crt'O ^ ^ 0 ) to bc~ O 2 c5 2 2 r& ‘43 5 (4 ® L ogee S |S .ft-sft i£«a s S 0.5 i-e~ § §'«.§ ft <3 fe, .sp a ; S 2 ’■ « Ph p P p o §2M = s:CO J.-C 2 Jbs ^ |ll 3 Co 1861— ’92] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 549 cs 3 © 'V —f ©3S p3a . .2 o © • 3 ^ m ‘o ^ *2 "rt > £ «p 2p H ft <1 pH w 'g © © —I P P p so a 43 >»© •~a£ a §,° e« a a ago |wi © a.^ “3 & ^ c.© S3 c3 © _4 _« 3 tosp •0 2h«'' “ 3 5 S 1 qs| O Oh cs a a ^ 33 33 , -S o £ © © g s Ti-a 2 ® g O « C. 8 ) ©ft © in 2 T 3 © Oo ''2 sh u ir 33 • -ft «jp o LTiO O m? r-Ta O •■£ 2” Ng§fl« p g/d ■o g£ s! s 'SW'd'S i«a « « 3 a * « g.S “■d & 3 P © © © bU J- a t* co © 2 c3© bC - 3 cS © © ~a b. 2 (n h A ei ft £ O O bo © O P g o o 5 a : <§ss ft.- 2 cm~ 3 ’"" © B > £* ! 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S* M - = tSgtipM H "* r o£'& ® a .gW2°^a O H oPS o •„ 32 ,s e. a si 4jT f d W CO a) . r ' ^ O c . ft -*■* G g ^ -. c3 £ . t-S'GrG C g AT S -S ^ =s © . -*r CJU •SJ O ° *- & ft a ce eft H .. M**" =3 -GO ~ c3 S . g _T G o. • ‘ O -*— » 0— Q.g « .23 Q i 8 a PS ■sgs .2 «P- Q Iss-s 2 as ’S-jfg’S uJ ^ 13 ft 2 -ft G a r* ft jh a 9 oft a = G •i © 2 a 15? 1§=> Ph CM ^ 15 S’Sl rQ bps . JS ««2; PH © CfH £ or . ►» ft ^2 . CO © TJ „ . fcD © ^ >(N 3 CC •— . rt aj J -■a o © 3 ■£ ©a: ■<.2 ft £ O O oj <5 ft © a cj Ph o ft © ft rC tK Sft t>» o ft © ft CO CO CO CO CO o CO CO CO CO CO CO s CO CO p 23, c 3 s 23, CO CM 28, co co co r CM CM CM 23, 23, CO CM CO CM co' :o CM CM 23 , Dec. d © ft Dec. Dec. © ft Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. © © ft d ft © © © © ftft Dee. CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO co CO p p CO p CO o ir^ s CO CO CO r CO CO 2 2 CO 15 , lO 2 * Dec. d © ft Oct. k o 52 i d c Oct. r ’ > © w O OOft © o Oct. Oct. © o Oct. Dec. 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'-' O c3 3ft a .s 'GJ u c3 — o <- 2iO " CO CO o CO CO «o CJ o o o O 3) CJ CL> ftft ft ft CJ O CJ CJ OJ CJ OJ QJ ftft ftft 2 S? o CO CO CO CO CO CO c rG bO O 3 3 < ^ b£ tp*± b£l o <*£< CO co CO CO cT *-T co cj oo co co CO CO nTuf CO co co «o CO g: bo CJ 3 3 - Jh o o cs ,° ~ S ro r* Z JJ . cc ^ ,S 53 OT 3 ? — > CO 5J CJ b O « 6 ^ft5^3 CO CO CO OJ o 2 <3 ggS o 2 'Gft, ft-G l .5 o ^2 oT g ti — — o t- IS ^ CS ft - — 0 O cc oft o OUCO CO 00-0 Roster of Company K — Continued. 554 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1861-’ 92 £ © . . O — a a a l ”i'2 c a! a ® ^ a*s.r Ed — «.2 o rt "rtf! bo •- "O' 5 bo . lllcg-ag. 2 g.sag -25 a saja"^ c d 3 jC-r. — l!-3cz) a a § <02 ^ -g JmH "«a ®«-o -- a> “ SiS® «S8 S W -r m SS s» . 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[We have no written account of the proceedings of the first two annual reunions. One was held at Ingersoll’s Hall and one at the German. — E d.] Proceedings of the Fourth Minnesota Veteran Volunteer Infantry Association, at Camp Beath, Minneapolis, Third Annual Reunion, July 22, 1884. J. C. Edson, President; Thos. H. Reeves, Secretary; John B. Sanborn, Major General, St. Paul; J. C. Edson, Colonel, Glencoe; Dr. J. II. Murphy, Surgeon, St. Paul; Capt. W. W. Rich, Adjutant, Minneapolis. Members are requested to send the secretary the names and residences of any surviving members of the regiment whose names do not appear on the list. In pursuance of notice given in the daily papers, those who were members of the late Fourth Minnesota Veteran Volunteer Infantry met at Camp Beath, the national encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic held in Minneapolis on this date. Moved, That we proceed to business and organization. Car- ried. It was moved that J. C. Edson, late colonel, he nominated president. Capt. A. W. White was also nominated. Tellers were appointed and Colonel Edson declared duly elected. Thos. H. Reeves was elected secretary and treasurer, and was instructed to give notice to Capt. Thomas P. Wilson of St. Paul to deliver to the new treasurer any funds he may have in his possession belonging to the former organization. Moved, That a committee of seven be appointed; that said committee have power to call a meeting in conjunction with the officers of the association. Carried. 558 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1861-’92 Motion was made by Comrade Kimball to prepare a roster of the killed and wounded, and a list of all battles participated in by the regiment. Carried. Adjourned. Following is a list of members of the Fourth Minnesota Veteran Volunteer Infantry, assembled at the National Grand Army of the Republic Camp, at Camp Beath, July 22, 1884. President, J. C. Edson, late colonel of regiment; secretary, Thomas FI. Reeves, sergeant Company C. Company A — Minnesota. — A. W. Barker, Chaska; Capt. R. B. Young, Excelsior; 0. 0. Jaquith, Excelsior; L. J. Lee, 505 Dayton avenue, St. Paul; John Van Buren,Le Sueur Centre; I. N. Dean, Blakeley; F. A. Ward, Blakeley; John Johnson, Carver; T. M. Young, Minneapolis; J. S. Beatty, Anoka; P. D. Anderson, Waconia; John D. Gregory, Flamilton; Sydney Smith, Cameron, Clinton county, Missouri; Capt. E. U. Russell, Man dan, N. D. Company B — Minnesota. — F. E. Ford, Glencoe; J. W. Dunn, Jackson; Josiali Armes, Le Roy; J. F. Withee, Glen- coe; A. L. Brown, Brownton; Wm, T. Churchill, Glencoe; Jonas Johnson, Delano, Wright county; Nels Olson, Crookston ; F. J. Allgauer, West St. Paul; Charles Ziebarth, Osseo; C. G. Topping, Litchfield; Swan Swanburg, Waconia; Leo Cook, Osseo; J. N. Bradford, J. A. McClary, A. B. Applin, Minne- apolis; Jas. Hicks, New Ulm; W. T. Churchill, Glencoe; J. C. Edson, Glencoe; John Johnson, Bergen; D. W. Hern, Clark Centre, South Dakota. Company C — Minnesota. — T. II. Reeves, 727 University avenue, Maj. J. IF. Donaldson, A. C. Morrison, IF. B. Johnson, 2429 Seventh avenue South, Minneapolis; Capt. R. S. Donald- son, Stewart; L. E. Day, D. W. Phillips, John II. Thurston, Capt. IF. N. Hosmer, Farmington; M. A. Bailey, E. FI. Davis, Elk River; J. A. Davis, Brainerd; C. K. Weaverson, 18 St. Paul street, John Ascmen, St. Paul; John S. Stevens, Stillwater; Joseph Getzman, Waseca; G. W. Keeler, Little Falls; W. H. Long, Albert Lea; Lieut. J. D. Hunt, Waterville. Company D — Minnesota. — Myron Page, 2404 Twenty- second street South, Joseph Steffes, 1623 Fourth street, S. A. 1861-’ 92] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 559 Kirkham, 2535 Fourth avenue South, Lieut. B. F. Butler, Min- neapolis; C. G. Hicks, C. Neil, E. Kidder, T. J. Cadvvell, Maine Prairie; Allen Gerrish, St. Charles; Myron Page; I. N. Bentley, Tracey; G. W. Anderson, St. Paul; R. A. Wheeler, F. V. De Coster, Litchfield; Edward Dowling, Kellogg; G. G. Kimball, Fort Ripley; Fred Follett, Iowa Lake, Iowa; W. H. Hall, Battle Creek, Mich. CompanyE — Minnesota. — Hamilton Thomson, Wm. A. Pris- brey, Oscar Tiffany, E. A. Tyler, H. Fletcher, Owatonna; J. B. Town, Worthington; George M. Miles, 2106 Third avenue South, George W. Thomas, Minneapolis; A. Sass, Faxon; Wm. Bradley. Montevideo; Octave Caron, Wheatland, Rice county; P. Cronin, Le Sueur; T. B. Casterline, Cameron, Clinton count} 7 , Missouri; Wm. Hodgson, Hutchinson, Rene county, Kansas; J. E. Risedorph,Lake Preston, S. D.; B. A. Stow, Cumberland, Wis. Company F — Minnesota. — Wm. II. Long, W. A. Parry, Farmington; P. R. Taylor, Wells; Capt. A. W. White, J. C. Frost, F. B. Fobes, Albert Lea; R. S. Reeves, Minneapolis; C. Scofield, Northfield ; Jeremiah Fridenburg, Owatonna; Israel B. Felton, I. 0. Russell, Granite Falls; John Ryan, Cooleville, Steele county; W. B. Stratton, Smitliland, Iowa; Oscar Ward, Bismarck, N. D. Company G — Minnesota. — Has. E. Conway, Merriam Park. Company IT — Minnesota. — August Nil, Tacoma, Chippewa county; John Torngren, Chris Hub, Geo. A. Clarke, Mankato; E. E. Boutwell, Kasson; Dennis Springer, Monticello; D. W. Porter, sergeant major, St. Paul; Seth Nichols, Hutchinson; Jos. J. Cobb, Owatonna; Henry Kraus, Chaska; Colin Bu- chanan, 444 Plymouth avenue, Minneapolis; E. M. Broughton, Waseca; J. S. Bean, Hamline; D. F. Bartlett, Salem, Jewell county, Kansas; M. W. Cunningham, Maitland, Mo.; T. B. Booth, Smith Centre, Kan.; Alfred Springer, Maquoketa, Iowa; Wm. D. Winslow, Grant City, Mo.; Hy. Randolph, Valley City, N. D. Company I — Minnesota. — Geo. Plowman, Le Sueur; D. L. Wellman, Frazee City; Jas. Iiershay, Murdock; I. C. Aldrich, Faribault; L. B. Aldrich, Pipestone; C. C. Aldrich, Morris- 560 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1861-’92 town; L. Doble, Fair Haven; Ransom Robins, Jas. Haines, Johnson Piper, Vm, Harden, Chas. Lamont, Archibald La- mont, Waterville; A. H. Thrum, Warsaw, Rice county; S. E. Livingston, Lake Wilson; L. Siebert, St. Paul; J. W. Davey, Minneapolis; A. J. Moler, Cordova; W. M. Davis, Fulda; Jos. Williams, Hastings; IP. Ward, Northfield; Michael Hartt, Winstead Lake; Geo. W. Smith, Columbus City, Ind. Company K — Minnesota. — 0. IP. Wiley, 408 Fourth street, John S. Boyd, St. Paul; IP. W. Van Valkenburg, Farming- ton; T. J. Bishop, Le Roy; Joseph Montoure, 24 Twenty- fifth avenue South, William Waterman, 251 Sixth avenue South, Minneapolis; T. P. Baldwin, Marshall; S. Clow, Lyle; John Mullin, Mankato; M. M. Trowbridge, Austin; C. E. Huntley, Spring Valley ; J. S. Cooke, Northfield; W. S. Kim- ball, Jackson; W. IP. Frey, Winona; H. Van Buren, Waseca; F. G. Storms, Alexandria; W. H. Going, Lyons, Neb.; John Powers, Fremont, Mich.; M. R.Lyle, Butler, Bates county, Mis- souri; W. W. Houghton, Sprague, Bates county, Missouri; Capt. C. W. Douglas, St. Joseph, Mo. Fourth Annual Reunion. The fourth annual reunion was held on the grounds of the State Fair, on Sept. 2, 1886. The meeting was not called to order, and no interest whatever was manifested. Generals Logan and Alger rested at St. Paul while returning East from their visit to the Pacific Coast. General Logan visited at the fair grounds, and all who desired shook hands with him. At night a campfire was held in Market-House Hall, St. Paul; Logan and several others addressed those present at the meet- ing, and after the meeting adjourned about a dozen members of the Fourth Regiment met in the hall and effected an organi- zation by electing the following as officers: J. B. Sanborn, president; Asa W. White, vice president; J. IP. Murphy, treas- urer; J. H. Thurston, secretary ; W. W. Rich, historian; A. L. Brown, assistant historian. [Captain Rich declined to act as historian because of previous business engagements. — Ed.] 1861-’ 92] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 561 Fifth Annual Reunion. The reunion was held at Hamline, between St. Paul and Minneapolis, on Sept. 14, 1887, the camp being adjacent to the State Fair grounds. Tents, straw and water were supplied in abundance; a temporary hotel was erected in the camp, at which the veterans obtained board at fifty centsperday. Many of the boys camped out, and all the exercises were held in the camp. Over one hundred and eighty were present. The business meeting held on Thursday afternoon was called to order by the president, General Sanborn (who had deprived himself the pleasure of attending the meeting of the Society of the Army of the Tennessee in order to be present with the boys). The general delivered a short address, which was warmly applauded. Among other things, he said that he had no doubt that when more than thirty years from the date of the muster-iti had passed, that the attendance upon the reunions would reach four hundred men at least. The minutes of the preceding meeting, secretary’s and treasurer’s reports were read and approved. The old officers wrnre unanimously re-elected and are as fol- lows: Gen. John B. Sanborn, St. Paul, president; Capt. Asa W. White, Albert Lea, vice president; Surg. J. H. Murphy, St. Paul, treasurer; Lieut. John IL Thurston, Belle Plaine, secretary; Capt. A. L. Brown, Brownton, historian. It w'as voted that the annual dues be one dollar for each member. Voted to have the reunion next year at the same place, at the time of the State Fair. A committee of four was appointed to revise and publish the history of the regiment, now being written by Captain Browm, consisting of Capt. A.L. Brown, Washington Muzzy, Capt. D. L. Wellman and Capt. I. N. Morrill. One thousand copies were ordered printed, and every member present agreed to take one or more copies. The history is nearly complete, and will make a volume of from four to five hundred pages. This will be a valuable contribution to the history of the w r ar, and many false impressions as to certain events will be removed 36 562 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1861-’ 92 thereby. [This resolution was a little premature. The his- tory was not completed, and the committee did not meet nor take any action whatever. — E d.] The secretary stated that he knew the postoffice address of six hundred survivors (seven hundred now). This seems very remarkable when it is considered that twenty-six 3’ears have elapsed since the regiment was mustered into service, and that it went through the sieges of Corinth and Vicksburg, the At- lanta campaign and march to the sea, and participated in at least twenty battles and sieges in all. Letters were read from Generals J. E. Tourtellotte, T. B. Hunt, Capt. Wm. A. Wheeler and others. The sum of eighty-seven dollars and fifty cents was paid in as dues. Any member of the regiment wishing to join the association can do so by remitting one dollar to the secretary. In the evening the boys made themselves happy at an old- fashioned campfire, told their stories and sung their songs, “Hold the Fort” among others. On Friday about forty of the members met and passed a reso- lution asking General Sanborn to allow a roster to be printed containing the names of those present at the reunion, to be paid for from the fund raised by dues, which consent he gave. About sixty partook in the sham battle on Saturday — fifty in one company commanded by Sergt. Wm. M. Davis of Fulda, Company I, who acted as captain. John H. Thurston, Secretary. Letters Read. La Crosse, Wis., Aug. 27, 1887. Mr. John H. Thurston, Bdle Plaine, Minn., Dear Sir: Your card of invitation to attend the reunion of my old regi- ment on the fourteenth and fifteenth of next month is received. With sori ow I have to tell you that I cannot come, as I have at last gone on the sick list my- self. * God bless the old regiment. Harmonious within and efficient without, the regiment was very nearly perfect. I would to-day sooner have the old Fourth for the performance of a difficult and important enterprise than any other regiment I know of; and I think it must be admitted that I know what the regiment could do. 1861 -’ 92 ] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 563 If the members of the dear old Fourth are as good citizens as they were soldiers, the country and the state have reason to be proud of them. May all the good fortune come to you, such as y,ou deserve. * * * Yours very truly, J. E. Tourtellotte. Washington, D. C., Sept. 1, 1887. My Dear Sir: I received your card of invitation to the reunion of the sur- vivors of the good old Fourth Minnesota. I appreciate the invitation and am cordially with the “Old Guard” in all of its undertakings. She “ held the fort” in days gone by, and the survivors can at least help to do it again if duty calls them to the front. Yours, etc., T. B. Hunt. Helena, Mont., Sept. 5, 1887. Gen. John B. Sanborn, President of the Society of the Fourth Minnesota Volunteer Infantry , Dear General: I most gratefully acknowledge the receipt of your in- vitation to attend the reunion of the survivors of the Fourth Minnesota. Nothing that I can conceive of in this world would give me greater pleasure than to be present at the roll call of the survivors of the noble and brave old Fourth Regiment, and to fall into line once more, even in mimicry of the stern and stubborn battles through which we have passed, the memory of which can never he effaced from our minds. I would like again to keep step and march shoulder to shoulder with the grand army of veterans who will be assembled at your reunion. It would remind me of the hundreds of weary miles we marched under the scorching rays of a Southern sun, along dusty or muddy roads, or almost impassable swamps; of the campfires we lighted in the thick, dark woods at night; of the hunger and thirst we endured at times; of the many quick skirmishes; the fierce fights in battle; of the bloody charge and final victory over our gallant foes; of the weary sieges, and still longer marches under the greatest captain of them all; of the last great triumph over the enemy; of a country saved and peace restored, and of the unparalleled prosperity of the nation for which we sacrificed so much to save. We look in vain for the faces of many of our comrades, who with the ardor of youth and the fire of patriotism, hastened to join our ranks during the long and cold winter of 1861-62 and who learned so well under you and other gal- lant officers the stern discipline and art of war, which gave the Fourth Min- nesota a high rank and noble prestige among the brave soldiers of the North Star State. Fatal sickness or the deadly bullet laid them low, and they sleep as the nation’s dead in honored graves. We survive them, we mourn them, and will soon follow them to “Fame’s eternal camping ground, Where their silent tents are spread.” I regret that circumstances will prevent my being present with you on the glorious day of your reunion. Yours, most loyally for the old flag, Wm. F. Wheeler, Late Captain of Company F. 564 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1861-’ 92 It is particularly desired that comrades will send to the sec- retary such addresses as do not appear in this roster, as well as those of relatives of deceased members, as maw of these will doubtless want a copy of the history; also, place and date of death, when it does not appear. Please notify us of any change of address, or death of any comrade. Members Present — Field and StaiF. — J. B. Sanborn, J. 0. Edson, F. S. DeMers, D. M. G. Murphy, J. H. Murphy, T. P. Wilson, T. C. Shapleigh, citizen sutler, E. G. Covington, citizen wagon master. Company A. — R. B. Young, Chas. Johnson, John Anderson, A. C. Baker, A. W. Barker, J. S. Beaty, I. N. Bean, F. E. Du Toit, C. R. Fix, Daniel Foster, James U. Hare, 0. 0. Ja- quith, John Johnson 2d, T. F. Kennedy, Linus J. Lee, F. Maliowald, B. Marx, 0. Osmandson, A. Parrett, PI. Sanken, A. H. Smith, E. Smith, J. R. Smith, E. Southworth, E. A. Tuckey, J. Van Bureu, J. Vetsch, F. M. Ward, F. Working, Thomas M. Young. Company B. — C. L. Snyder, F. J. Allgauer, Josiah Armes, A. Beck, J. N. Bradford, Alonzo L. Brown, J. Burrows, W. T. Churchill, Leo Cook, P. Fallon, F. E. Ford, John Frank, W. W. Getchell, William Enable, J. Koons, F. Meyer, B. Moormann, C. H. Stinchfield, S. Swanburg, J. A. Williams, J. F. Withee. Compani 7 C. — R. S. Donaldson, M. A. Bailey, F. Bergquist. C. Clough, L. E. Day, J. Getzman, E. B. Hale, PI. N. IPosmer, John Linn, W. IP. Long, D. W. Phillips, B. A. Rice, J. B. Rich, F. W. Shaw, J. IP. Stevens, John IP. Thurston, George W. Wetherell, R. Wetlierell, M. Woesner. Company D. — George W. Anderson, T. J. Cadwell, C. J. Dakin, F. V. De Coster, Q. B. Farwell, D. J. IPanscomb, Edwin Kidder, George W. Kimball, Charles Neal, W. C. Tufts, R. A. Wheeler, 0. IP. Wiley. Company E. — Peter Jerome, G. F. Birch, J. B. Boudin, W. Hardy, 0. Lindersmith, 0. Tiffany, J. A. Town, A. Troust. Company F. — Asa W. White, A. K. Norton, M. Annon, C. Bromwich, 0. I. Ellingson, F. B. Fobes, J. C. Frost, R. S. Reeves, N. T. Sandburg, J. Scharf, J. Shields, P. R, Taylor, 0. W. Ward. 1861 -’ 92 ] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 565 Company G. — J. E. Conway, P. Durr, W. Engejen, E. Gutzwiller, E. Gutzwiller, George Hansen, W. Leeman, A. B. Myers, A. Noack, J. Rieder, J. E. Schramm, J. Steffes. Company IP. — D. L. Wellman, E. P. Lieberg, I. H. B. Bee- bee,. C. Buchanan, A. Fisher, E. Helling, E. A. IPostvet, G. Johnson, II. Kraus, Ai Laflin, W. Muzzy, A. Nil, S. Nich- ols, E. N. Peterson, J. Pfaff, P. Shulene, L. Smith, W. R. Smith, J. Torngren. Company I. — C. C. Aldrich, J. D. Batson, D. Calaban, C. Culp, Wm. M. Davis, L. Doble, E. Fish, J. C. Haines, C. V. Lamont, S. E. Livingston, W. Lyon,C. C. Mclntire, S. L. Mer- riman, A. J. Moler, G. R. Moler, J. Piper, R. Robins, L. Sie- bert, P. Smith, V. Valerions. Company K. — Ira N. Morrill, T. J. Bishop, John S. Boyd, A. Chapel, S. Clayton, S. Clow, J. S. Cook, E. D. Hammer, E. C. Huntley, J. E. Hussey, J. Linsay, J. Montoure, C. E. Smith, F. G. Stevens, PI. Van Buren, H. Van Valkenburg. Sixth Annual Reunion. At the sixth annual reunion, held at the rooms of the Chamber of Commerce at St. Paul, Minn., on Sept. 14, 1888, there ivere present the following named comrades: J. B. Sanborn, president; J. II. Murphy, treasurer; J. H. Thurston, secretary. Company A. — E. A. Tuckey, John Tuckey, 0. Osmandson, John Sauber, A. Fielding, J. H. Hare, L. J. Lee, T. F. Ken- ned} 7 , II. Neill, O. 0. Jaquith, J. Hogstett, A. C. Baker. Company B. — F. J. Allgauer, N. Olsen, PeterOlsen, Charles Ziebarth, E. A. Ziebarth, C. G. Topping, J. Frank, B. Moor- mann, Leo Cook, Wm. Knable, Josiah Armes, J. Dereks. Company C. — J. A. Davis, R. S. Donaldson, John II. Thurs- ton, A. C. Morrison, B. A. Rich, M. Woesner, A. Barclay. Company D. — Geo. G. Kimball, O. P. Shelton, F. V. De Cos- ter, G. W. Anderson, Geo. PI. Thomas, E. Kidder, Chas. Neal, E. G. Hicks, J. Donavan, W. II. Stewart. Company E. — M. Dolan, Albert Sass, II. R. Thomson, Albert Troust, P. Jerome. 566 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [l861-’92 Company F. — R. A. White, J. M. Geissier, R. Thom,N. T. Sandberg, A. B. Sweet, C. Bromwich, P. R. Taylor, Alfred L. Taylor. Company G. — M. Waldorf, James E. Conway, J. E. Schramm. Company H. — D. L. Wellman, E. P. Lieberg, A. Jensen, C. Jensen, A. Anderson, W. Muzzy, Ai Laflin, W m. K. Jordan, O. T. Ellingson, J. Forngren, Gustave Johnson, John Larrabee, Adam Fisher, I. H. B. Beebee. Ifbnipany I. — N. F. Foster, L. Doble, Wm. M. Davis, L. Sie- bert, J. K. Schmidt, D. Calahan, Ira C. Aldrich, A. J. Moler, G. R. Moler. Company K. — Ira N. Morrill, IJ. N. Hosmer, Geo. Baird, Wm. H. Going, John S. Boyd, C. E. Smith, H. P. Burgor, A. C. Cameron, J. E. McCarron, Ethan R. Earl, J. E. Hussey, Joseph E. Cook, Albert Chapel. The old officers were re-elected to serve for the coming year. The members present, by invitation of General Sanborn and Maj. T. P. Wilson, partook of dinner at the Hotel Ryan. A. L. Brown, historian, was absent because of sickness. The Seventh Annual Reunion. The seventh annual reunion was held at the rooms of the Chamber of Commerce, at St. Paul, Minn., on Wednesday, Sept. 11, 1889. The meeting was called to order at 10:30 A. M. b} 7 the presi- dent, General Sanborn, who made a few preliminary remarks, in which he stated there was one thing could be said about the Fourth Minnesota that could be said about few, if any others — that it was never ordered to take a position that it did not take, or to hold one that it did not hold until ordered away, and that during the whole war, in all the twenty battles in which we were engaged, there were but three or four reported unac- counted for or taken prisoners, and this record was due in a great measure to the drill and discipline of our lieutenant colonel, who is now present, although in feeble health. The general here called the colonel forward, and as he stepped to the front, was greeted with loud, continuous cheering. MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 567 1861 -’ 92 ] General Thomas said: One morning on coming off duty I found an envelope with an inclosure and I was asked, “What have you got?” “I don’t know sir,” I replied. I went to the table and opened the same and found a note from Governor Ramsey, directing me to report to him at St. Paul, and with as little delay as possible. It was a very great surprise to me. I handed the letter to Colonel Dana, who said, “I have a letter requesting me to send you to St. Paul im- mediately. I have written out your resignation and I want you to sign it, and you can forward it to the War Department in the morning. ” Now, gentlemen, that is all I had to do in regard to coming to your regiment. You know in all careers there are some particularly unpleasant facts. At that time I was a very vain officer. The First Minnesota was the pride of your state, and you, gentlemen, were looked upon as “home guards.” Consequently, I asked Colonel Dana, “ What am I to do?” He said, “You are to he lieutenant col- onel of the Fourth Minnesota. ” I said I would not do it. He said, “You will do it. ” I said, “ I am a first lieutenant of the First Minnesota, a fighting regi- ment. ” He replied, “It is the duty of a soldier to accept promotion, and the Fourth Minnesota will not he a home-guard regiment. There will he many more regiments called and some of them will be home guards. ” l T ou are aware that the organization you are in captures your feelings, and it is like leaving home to go away from it, and it was with these feelings I came to you. As Colonel Dana directed, I came to St. Paul and was commissioned lieuten- ant colonel by General Sanborn, who was at that time adjutant general, and I have no knowledge of what caused this change to this day. I was informed that General Franklin was an old, personal friend of Governor Ramsey’s, and General Franklin requested Governor Ramsey to give me an appointment as field officer. I found you, gentlemen, many of you, at Fort Snelling, in a partially organized condition. You are, many of you, aware of the earnest manner I went to work to make you soldiers. I can say, without any hesita- tion, that it was with all the pride and vanity in me I worked for that pur- pose. I am not ashamed of my work. If any regiment fully realized the most sanguine expectations of winning a name your performances did it. While with you I did the best I could. Now, this is how I came to leave you: One day when we were down there in camp I found an order from General Halleck discharging me from the service of the United States, and ordering me to re- port to Governor Ramsey for promotion. This is all I know of my reason for leaving; I need add nothing else; I was simply a soldier, and obeyed orders. Of the regret which I felt on leaving you it is not necessary to speak. I came to Minnesota and took command of the Eighth Minnesota and retained it until the close of the war. Your movements and operations were as familiar to me as it was possible, under the circumstances, for such things to be. I never ceased for a single instant to feel a pride in your success. Since the close of the war, owing to some physical troubles, I have been unable to live in Minnesota. Since that time I have been stopping all over the country, engaged in railroading and civil engineering. I have lived in Louisiana, Missouri, New Mexico, Old Mexico and in Texas. The greater prrt of the time I have been entirely absent from my old comrades, sometimes for years at a time I have never seen 568 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1861-’ 92 any of them; but I assure you I have never forgotten you. Now my oppor- tunity comes, and it is a matter of extreme pleasure and amazement to see such figures of strength and the happy expressions on your faces. It seems as though it had been a hundred years, yet I see many of you comparatively young men; but I can realize why this is so. You have one of the most beau- tiful countries in the world, — everything people should live on, — good water, good air and good homes, and there is no reason why you should not live long and be happy. At the conclusion three rousing cheers were given for Colonel Thomas, and as his old soldiers looked upon his emaciated frame tears welled into many an eye to see the ravages time had made on the constitution of one of the finest men and one of the best soldiers that ever lived. [Remarks as copied by Com- rade R. S. Reeves of Company F, who acted as stenographer at the meeting. — Ed.] The report of J. H. Murphy, treasurer, and J. IT. Thurston, secretary, were read and approved. A condensed history of the regiment covering its operations during the entire period of its service, was rhad by A. L. Brown. The following named persons were elected as officers for the ensuing year : President, J. B. Sanborn; vice presidents, R. B. Young, D. M. G. Murphy, R. P. Wells, Edwin Kidder, C. H. Stinchfield, A. K. Norton, J. E. Conway, Geo. A. Clarke, Ira C. Aldrich, I. N. Morrill; treasurer, J. H. Murphy. It was thought best to consolidate the offices of secretary and historian and A. L. Brown was elected as such. The following resolutions were then adopted: Resolved , That the thanks of this society are clue and are hereby tendered to John H. Thurston for his long and persistent services as secretary of the society, in obtaining names of, and full information relative to, the location and life of the comrades since the war. Resolved, That the society is under the greatest obligations to Capt. A. L. Brown for his persistent labor and efforts in the preparation of a full record of the organization and services of the regiment, and hereby tenders to him its warmest thanks therefor and at the same time requests him to proceed with his work to its full publication, and that iu the publication thereof he use his own discretion as to the manner and form of publication, portraits and all other de- tails pertaining thereto. The following comrades were present at the reunion: J. B. Sanborn, M. T. Thomas, L. L. Baxter, J. H. Murphy, W. W. Rich, T. P. Wilson. 18.61-’92] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 569 Company A. — R. B. Young, F. S. De Mers, F. E. Du Toit, O. 0. Jaquith, P. W. Fix, C. R. Fix, J. U. Hare, W. A. Wil- son, John Johnson 2d, T. F. Kennedy, A. Heilger. Company B. — D. M. G. Murphy, C. L. Snyder, A. L. Brown, A. B. Applin, W. Knabel, Ed. Ziebarth, C. Ziebarth, Jonas Johnson, Leo. Cook, J. N. Bradford, B. Moorman, Jno. B. Grover, W. W. Getchell, F. E. Ford, J. F. Witbee, F. W. Hanscom, F. J. Allgauer, J. Koons, L. Jackson, N. Olson. Company C. — R. S. Donaldson, R. P. Wells, J. H. Thurston, J. H. Stevens, J. Eroux, F. W. Shaw, J. Loid, J. F. Dilley, A. A. Barclay, A. C. Morrison, T. H. Reeves, H. Vogt, D. W. Phillips, L. E. Day, F. Bergquist, M. A. Bailey, W. Bandy, H. B. Johnson, J. B. Rich. Company D. — G. G. Kimball, Ed. Kidder, F. V. De Coster, B. F. Butler, R. A. Wheeler, M. L. Webb, J. Donovan, C. Neal, G. W. Anderson, T. J. Caldwell, F. Follett, A. Scribner, J. H. Thomas. Compan}' E. — C. H. Stinchfield, P. Jerome, S. E. Living- ston, W. II. Spath, P. Cronen, B. Siers, II. R. Thompson, J. Everett, M. Dolen, F. Schraum. Company F. — IT. R. Loomis, C. Bromwich, A. Denning, R. S. Reeves, P. R. Taylor, A. L. Taylor, 0. Ward, F. B. Fobes, T. J. Sheehan, J. B. Felton. Company G. — J. E. Conway, Sven Anderson, J. Erickson, C. Ekdahl, R. McLagan, P. Liebold. Company H. — G. A. Clarke, E. P. Lieberg, C. Buchanan, S. M. Badger, C. Jemson, A. Jenson, A. Anderson, P. Shilina, G. Johnson, A. Fisher, J. Buol, A. Swanson, J. S. Bean. Company I. — Ira C. Aldrich, C. C. Aldrich, J. Piper, J. Babb, H. Harper, J. Keim, L. Siebert, G. R. Moler, A. J. Moler, G. Plowman. Company K. — I. N. Morrill, H. N. Hosmer, G. Baird, T. P. Baldwin, J. S. Cook, C. E. Huntley, II. W. Van Valkenburg, H. V an Buren, J. E. Hussey, S. M. Clayton, F. G. Stevens, J. S. Boyd, J. Montoure, C. O. Rask, T. J. Bishop, V. B. Lin- coln, J. F. Tostevin, J. Fullerton, Daniel Callahan. At the close of the meeting General Sanborn invited the comrades to the Hotel Ryan, where, having as our guests Capt. 570 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1861-’92 Wm, Hotchkiss of the Second -Minnesota Light Artillery and about twenty members of his company, we partook of a bounti- ful dinner, after which we proceeded to the street in front of the Chamber of Commerce building, and were photographed while standing in a group. Brownton, McLeod County, Minnesota, Aug. 4, 1890. Comrades of the Fourth Regiment Minnesota Infantry Veteran Volunteers: The eighth annual reunion of our regimental society will be held as General Sanborn writes me, “on the tenth, eleventh and twelfth days of September, at rooms Nos. 624 and 626 Endicott building, St. Paul. The entrance to these rooms is from Fourth street, between Jackson and Robert. The rooms ate iu the sixth story, but there are four good elevators, so there will be no hardship in going up or down. They are vacant and I will arrange to have about one hundred and fifty chairs and a table put into them; they are light and airy, and I think our members will all feel better to have a general head- quarters of this kind during the entire three days.” The only death reported to me during the year was that of Comrade John N. Morrell of Companies C. and F. He died at Otsego, Minn., Oct. 17, 1888. Please notify me of all deaths, changes of residence, and aDy postoffice address of members coming to your knowledge, so the facts can be noted on our records. You are undoubtedly aware of the fact that we have been engaged during the past four years in writing and compiling the history of our regiment. When completed it will be a large octavo volume of several hundred pages, and we hope that before many months elapse we will be able to send you a circular letter containing more definite information regarding it. J. B. Sanborn, President , A. L. Brown, Secretary, St. Paul, Minn. Brownton, Minn. The Eighth Annual Reunion. At tbe reunion of the society of the Fourth Minnesota In- fantry Veteran Volunteers, held at St. Paul, Minn., Sept. 10, 11 and 12, 1890, the following named comrades were present: Gen. J. B. Sanborn, president; Dr. J. H. Murphy, treasurer; A. L. Brown, secretary. Company A. — R. B. Young, Excelsior; 0. O. Jaquith, Ex- celsior; O. Osmandson, Mallory; J. U. Hare, Elk River; F. Mahowald, New Market; O. R. Fix, Minneapolis; J. S. Beaty, Anoka; C. F. Anderson, Carver; J. Van Buren, Le Sueur Centre; A. Heilger, St. Paul. Company B. — A. L. Brown, Brownton; Leo. Cook, Osseo; II. P. Hatch, Whittemore, Iowa; John Frank, B. and K. Le 1861 -’ 92 ] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 571 Roy; B. Moorman, St. Paul; Josiah Armes, Minneapolis; J. F. Withee, Glencoe; A. E. Wood, Fargo, FT. D.; A. B. Applin, Fargo, N. D.; J. Koons, New Auburn ; F. E. Ford, Glencoe. Company C. — R. S. Donaldson, Stewart ; H. N. Hosmer, C. and K. Farmington; F. W. Shaw, Jarretts; J. Eroux, Hen- derson; D. W. Phillips, Farmington; John H. Thurston, Far- mington; M. Woesner, Minneapolis; T. IJ. Reeves, Minne- apolis; A. C. Morrison, Minneapolis; M. Tracy, St. Paul; M. A. Baily, Monticello; J. F. Dilley, St. Paul; A. A. Barclay, Far- mington. Company D. — Ed. Kidder, St. Cloud; R. A. Wheeler, Cedar Mills; G. W. Anderson, St. Paul; F. Follett, Fairmont; E. Dowling, Kellogg; C. H. Clark, St. Paul; J. H. Thomas, Young America; S. J. Fuller, Freeborn ; T. V. Robinson, Min- neapolis. Company E. — W. T. Jones, St. Peter; W. H. Spath, Dassel; M. Dolen, St. Paul; J. Everett, Cleveland; 0. Coron, Wheat- land; D. Gerold, Jordan; J. Niebels, Fergus Falls. Company F. — A. K. Norton, Freeborn; R. S. Reeves, Min- neapolis; W. A. Parry, Farmington ; J. Steinmetz, New Market; J. Cooney, St. Paul; C. Bromwich, Minneapolis; I. B. Felton, Granite Falls. Company G. — James E. Conway, St. Paul; C. Unger, Ft. Abercrombie; Wm. Eugelen, Norwood; E. S. Pitman, Still- water. Company IT. — George A. Clarke, Florence, Ala.; A. Fisher, Waconia, E. P. Lieberg, Mankato; P. Wilson, St. Peter; A. Anderson, Nicollet; Colin Buchanan, Minneapolis; S. M. Bad- ger, St. Paul; P. Shulen, Isanti; J. PfafF, St. Clair; I. H. Beebe, St. Paul. Company I. — Ira C. Aldrich, Faribault; Wm. M. Davis, Fulda; A. Degros, New Market; V. Valerious, St. Michaels; C. Wendland, Buffalo Lake; D. Callahan, Shieldsville; H. Harper, St. Paul; J. Piper, Waterville; J. W. Davey, Min- neapolis. Company K. — I. N. Morrill, Decorah, Iowa; Geo. Baird, Austin; W. II. Going, Lyons, Neb.; J. S. Boyd, St. Paul; E. R. Earl, Austin ; J. E. McCarron, St. Paul, A. M. Keniston, 572 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [L861-’92 Champlin; E. D. Hammer, Spring Valley; A. C. Cameron, Brownsville; D. Hurley, St. Paul; Chas. E. Smith, Bloomer, Wis. ; Joseph Montour, St. Paul; II. W. Van Valkenburg, E. G. Covington, Minneapolis, citizen wagon master. On motion President Sanborn appointed a committee con- sisting of Comrades R. S. Donaldson, J. H. Murphy, J. II. Thurston, George Baird and Wm. M. Davis, who were re- quested to recommend such measures as might be deemed best for the good of the society and to prepare a list of comrades to serve as officers for the ensuing year. The committee rec- ommended that the following named persons be elected to serve for the coming year, and that the duties of secretary and treasurer be performed by the secretary. The recommenda- tion of the committee was then carried by a unanimous vote and the following named comrades were elected : President, J. B. Sanborn; vice presidents, R. B. Young, D. M. Murphy, R. P. Wells, Ed. Kidder, C. H. Stinchfield, A. K. Horton, J. E. Conway, Geo. A. Clarke, Ira C. Aldrich, I. N. Morrill; sec- retary, A. L. Brown. It was resolved: “ That we extend to our beloved comrades Maj. D. M. G. Murphy and Lieut. F. S. Dealers our heartfelt sympathy and sincerely trust that they may have a speedy recovery from their sickness.” The fol- lowing named comrades were reported as having died: Chris- tian Klinkert of Company D, April 30, 1889; John J. O’Brien of Company E, July 1, 1889; James R. Patten of Company C, in 1889; James W. Dunn of Company B, Jan. 7, 1889. [We will also state that Col. James C. Edson died of Bright’s disease, at Glencoe, Minn., on Jan. 27, 1891.] Announcement. Beownton, McLeod County, Minn., Aprils , 1891 . Our regiment history, on which we have labored lor several years, is about completed and ready for publication. The record contains a statement of each company, where organized and by whom, its service in thestate, at the frontier forts or at Spelling. the official orders of the organization of the regiment, its departure South and its service in the field. In fact it gives an account of every day’s march made during its entire period of service (except on foraging excur- sions) the number of miles traveled each day; also, description and population of all towns passed through, with a description of the country; also, an elaborate 1861 -’ 92 ] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 573 description of every battle in which the command participated, and a statement of the operations and movements of the army, names of the regiments compos- ing the brigades and divisions to which the regiment was attached, lists of killed and wounded and how wounded, and of those buried in national ceme- teries, with the number of grave, lists of sick in hospitals at Memphis, Keokuk and other places, with disease of the soldier; an elaborate roster of all who served in the regiment, containing the names of over one thousand six hundred men, their rank, age, nativity, date of enrollment, date of muster-in, residence, town, county, promotions during the war and other changes, died, discharged, etc.; names of relatives in the regiment, and, under the head of remarks since the war, the last known residence, deaths when and where, and other particu- lars. In fact we have added everything to our record that we have thought would be of value or interest. Besides this we have incorporated statistic s of various kinds, names and dates of all battles fought during the war, pay tables of officers, men, etc., also of the organization of a regiment, its formation in line of battle, position of the officers, composition and place of the color guard of the companies in the line, their places according to the rank of captain, why and when they change their positions in the line; also, a history of the brass band and names of all who were in it, and of the quartermaster’s department, with names of those who drove teams at various times, number of teams, etc. We have maps of the battlefields of Iuka, Corinth, an elaborate one of Allatoona — showing the intrenchments, redoubts, extent and shape of the ridges, with measurements recently made — -and also several photographs of war scenes. One of Allatoona, taken soon after the battle, showing the cut, redoubt and buildings. Others of Vicksburg and other places. All of these will make the volume more interesting to you. We have carefully examined all reports, rolls and other data on file in the office of the adjutant general at St. Paul, and also the files of all of the St. Paul papers published during the entire period of the war, and copied reports and other valuable information therefrom. We have been informed, by the best of authority, that the publication of regimental histories, because of their limited sale, has so far proved a loss, and in order to guard against that, and also in order to place upon record some of the incidents connected with the service of each person, we have decided to in- sert portraits of, and also personal incidents that happened to those who were members of the organization. Every person who served his country can relate some incident of his experience to his family or friends of which he loves to talk, and he or his family would like to see them made a matter of record in the regimental history. We propose to insert such incidents. The portraits may be of photographs or tintypes taken during the war or of a recent date — suit yourselves about that. Your comrades would undoubtedly prefer to see a war portrait, but many have not preserved those. All of this can be done and cost you but a trifle. As it will be necessary to send the portraits away to have plates made and copies printed, I cannot guarantee their safe return to you, but where requested to, will try and have them returned. The history will be a large octavo volume of several hundred pages. Now, comrades, if you desire to aid in the work you can send me your photographs, statements and money, and the work can soon be under contract for its publi- cation. Ten dollars will pay for inserting a portrait and statement of incidents (if not too elaborate), and a copy of the history sent by mail or express to your 574 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1861-’92 address; larger and finer portraits can be inserted. You can have just what you are willing to pay for; twenty dollars will insert a splendid one and fifty dollars a magnificent one. Steel engravings will cost about one hundred and fifty dollars, that is, for a plate and one thousand prints of it to bind in the edition of the book, provided several are taken. I would not advise any per- son to expend as much money as that for a portrait, because I have samples made by the photogravure and other processes which I believe are just as good and do not cost over a third of the money. The cheap ones will be good and de- sirable, but you can have just what you are willing to pay for. If you do not desire your portrait in, but only a copy of the book, you can send three dollars, which will pay for it sent to your address. Or, if you want the book and your statement in it, without your portrait, send five dollars. There may be those who cannot pay the full amount asked, but perhaps can pay something toward it, and who wish to contribute to the extent of their means. We ask those to send what they can and we will deal as liberally with them as we can to the extent of the amount of funds received, without any loss to us. If you want the book you could perhaps pay for it just as well in advance as afterward, pro- vided you are certain to get it. It occurs to us that we ought not to be expected to insert portraits and personal statements, and take the risk of loss if persons fail to pay the necessary expense after its publication. We confidently hope that we will soon receive ample assurance that the course we have decided to pursue meets with your hearty approval. I will send a receipt for all money received and if sufficient funds are not received to warrant its publication, your money will be returned to you less the cost of the exchange. Please remit by draft, money order or registered letter; do not send checks on local banks be- cause there is a charge for collecting. I shall reserve the privilege of condensing statements which are considered as too elaborate, and of altering those which conflict with official reports. If you cannot write your statements as you would like to have them appear, write the facts and I will put them into shape for you. Please act at once in the matter, and our record will soon be in the hands of the printer. We believe that the record will give complete satisfaction to the most of those who served in the regiment, as all who have examined it are pleased with it. My desire is to get the work all completed within the next ninety days, so that the work of publication may commence as soon after that date as possible. It may be that a longer delay will be necessary. In writing the record we have kept in view, more especially than anything else, the services of our heroes who never had the honor to command anything but a gun. Now, comrades, those of you who had but little honor, and no adequate com- pensation for your heroic services in the cause of your country, and who desire to read something of your personal services besides the short record in the ros- ter, an opportunity is offered to you to do so. We have delayed sending this statement until the other portion of the record was nearly completed. .^The work has been a labor of great research and considerable expense. Please let me hear from you as soon as convenient. Yours in fraternity, chanty and loyalty, A. L. Brown, Sec. and Treas. Fourth Minn. Inf. Vet. VoL Soc., Brownton, Minn. 1861-’ 92] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 575 The Ninth Annual Reunion. Following are the proceedings of the ninth annual reunion of the Society of the Fourth Regiment Minnesota Infantry Volunteers, held at the German American Bank building, St. Paul, Minn., Sept. 10, 1891. The meeting was called to order bj' President J. B. Sanborn at 10:00 a. m., who, in a few remarks, congratulated those present on being able once more to meet together, and feelingly alluded to the demise of General Tourtellotte and Col. J. C. Edson. secretary's report. Comrades : Another year has passed and gone and we have the pleasure once more to meet at onr (ninth) annual reunion. Since our last reunion death has been among our members, and removed three who were prominent officers of the regiment. Lieut. Col. James C. Edson died at Glencoe, in this state, Jan. 27, 1891. He was formerly captain of Company B. Was afterward promoted major, lieutenant colonel, and received an honorary commission as colonel. Was in command of the regiment at the time of its muster-out of service. Col. and Bvt. Brig. Gen. John E. Tourtellotte died at La Crosse, Wis., July 22, 1891, of heart disease. He organized and was captain of Company H. On Oct. 12, 1862, was elected by the officers of the regiment its lieutenant colonel. Although severely wounded in the battle at Allatoona, Ga., Oct. 5, 1864, he did not leave the regiment, but commanded it on the march through Georgia to Savannah, and through the Carolinas to Goldsboro, at which place he was assigned to duty as brigade commander, and served as such until the army was at Raleigh, when he again took command of the regiment. When leaving Washington for Louisville, Ky., he was severely injured in getting on the cars and did not command the regiment after that time. Because of his injuries he resigned at Louisville, and left the regiment during the latter part of June, 1865. He was a gallant and able commander, a strict disciplinarian, always neat and tidy in his appearance and dress. His walk was erect and his bear- ing dignified and courtly. In a letter to the writer Colonel Tourtellotte once wrote as follows : “The receipt of your letter has gratified me very much. The ‘Grand old Fourth,’ as you call it, was my especial pet, and for no persons have I greater affection to-day than for my old regiment. I have never met at any regimental reunions, as at first my duties did not permit me to come, and now I am in such bad physical condition that I am not permitted to travel. The Fourth was very nearly a model regiment; all were ambitious for success in battle and for the good reputation of the regiment. I honestly believe if I had ordered them to certain death that regiment would have gone without a moment’s hesitation. I have never seen a regiment of regulars more obedient than the Fourth was to 57G HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1861-’ 92 my every expressed wish. I was, and am, very proud of my old regiment. I never saved them from work; never saved them from danger when duty called them in, but I think the men understood I protected them all I could, and they also understood I did not save myself from work or danger. I re- member before the assault on Vicksburg, the regiment was lying down, and some officers came to me stating that it was the request of the regiment that I lie down too. Of course my duty would not permit me to do so, but the inci- dent was remembered. The service of that regiment caused my unsolicited ap- pointment to the regular army, and was the cause of my delightful service on the staff of the general of the army. I hope for their happiness and prosperity forever.” The death of Col. T. B. Hunt, formerly our first regimental quartermaster, was announced in the papers as follows: 11 Fort Monroe , Fa., Sept. 7, 1891. Col. T. B. Hunt, United States Army, retired, died here suddenly this morning. The remains will be taken to Washington to-night.” The last letter we re- ceived from him was written from the Army and Navy Hospital at Hot Springs, Ark., Nov. 7, 1890, at which place he had gone to recover his health. He had written in a previous letter that he was suffering from a weakness in his lower limbs. We remember him as a genial, wliolesouled person, generous and kind to all, and more especially to those who served under him in subordinate positions. Having received promotion as captain and assistant quartermaster of volunteers, he left us on April 13, 1863, while the regiment was on a sandbar about five miles below Helena, Ark., after our return from the Yazoo Pass expe- dition. Comrade Francis J. Allgauer of Company B died at St. Paul Jan. 13, 1890. He enlisted on Oct. 2, 1861, his residence at that time being at Watertown, in Carver county, and was discharged for disability on Sept. 12, 1862. We remem- ber him as a good, faithful soldier. Comrade Jonas Johnson of Company B, after a long and painful illness from the effects of disease contracted in the army, passed quietly and peacefully into eternity on Monday morning, June 22, 1891, at about half-past nine. For a long time Mr. Johnson had been in very poor health and his demise had been expected for several months. During the summer he had been unable to leave his bed for any length of time, and death was a very welcome visitor to the poor sufferer. Of Mr. Johnson’s many good qualities those who have lived here any length of time know more than we can tell. He was a kind and indulgent father, a loving husband, the first to relieve suffering of any kind, and an honorable citizen and true friend. Funeial services were held in the Methodist Episcopal church on Tuesday afternoon and the building was not nearly large enough to accommodate all those who gathered to show their respect for his memory. The fire company headed the funeral procession, the hook and ladder truck being draped in mourning. Next followed the Ancient Order of Druids and the mourners in carriages. The funeral procession was the largest we have seen in Delano, and amply testified to the high esteem in which the deceased was held. The body was laid to rest in the Riverside Cemetery; Rev. J. Black- hurst conducted the services. Jonas Johnson was born in Sweden, Aug. 13, 1832; came to America in 1852; was married in Illinois in 1856; came to Min- nesota the following year. In 1861 he enlisted in Company B, Fourth Regi- 1861 - 92 ] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 577 ment Minnesota Volunteers; served in the Rebellion three years, since which he has lived near and in Delano, Minn. He was a member of the Ancient Order of Druids, in good standing, was also a Master Mason, and a member of Delano Hook and Ladder Company. His age at the time ofhis death was fifty- eight years, ten months and nine days. The deceased leaves a wife, three sons and a daughter to mourn his death. FINANCIAL REPORT. On Hand and Received. To balance remaining on hand Sept. 10, 1890 $13.69 To money paid in by members Sept. 10, 11, 12, 1890 70.50 To cheek Allen Gerrish of Company C, by mail ., 1.02 To postage stamps received by mail 40 Total 585.61 Money Paid Out. For 1,000 leaflets and express on same 88.75 For 1,000 envelopes, printed and express 3.25 For 750 postal cards, printing and express 9.50 For record book 05 For stationery 1.20 For postage paid during the year 14.96 To balance of fund on hand Sept. 10, 1891 47.90 Total. $85.61 Account of Fund Received for the Publication of the Regimental History. H. P. Hatch, Company B, Whittemore, Iowa $3.00 A. C. Cameron, Company K, Brownsdale, Minn 5.00 Edgar Nichols, Company B, Waldo, Kan 3.00 B. Moormann, Company B, St. Paul, Minn 3.00 H. R. Marcyes’ Band, Forsyth, Mont 20.00 Jas. H. Billings, Company E, Blue Hill, Maine 3.00 Leo Cook, Company B, Osseo, Minn .' 10.00 R. Winegar, Company E, Ottawa, Minn 5.00 Total received , $52.00 Received at this reunion, Sept. 10, 1891: Charles B. Smith, Company D, West Union, Minn $3.00 Wm. Bradley, Company E, Montevideo 3.00 H. B. Johnson, Company C, Redwood Falls 3.00 T. J. Cadwell, Company D, St. Cloud 3.00 One hundred and thirty-four copies were subscribed for at this reunion. The history in manuscript covers seven hundred and fifty pages, and it is esti- mated that its publication will cost from one thousand dollars to one thousand five hundred dollars. It is a truthful history. “ Enlist in my company and I will make you orderly sergeant, corporal or company clerk.” Do you want a copy? If you do please let us know, because only a limited number will be printed. The following comrades were present: John B. Sanborn, president, St. Paul ; A. L. Brown, secretary. Company A — "R. B. Young, Excelsior; Peter Hanson, Painesville; O. 37 578 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1861-’ 92 0. Jaquith, Excelsior; Edson Tuckey, Hamline; R. P. Wells, A. and C., Herman; F. E. Du Toit, Chaska; Lines Lee, St. Paul; Calvin R. Fix, 1818 Fourteenth avenue South, Minne- apolis; John Van Buren, Le Sueur; 0. Osmundson, Mallory ; Henry II. Erickson, Rush Point; F. F. Kennedy, 682 Arm- strong avenue, St. Paul; Hiram Neill, Sihley, Iowa; A. Heilger, St. Paul, 366 Walnut street; F. Mahowald, New Market; Baptiste Morx, Frankford. Company B — C. LI. Stinchfield, Columbia, S. D.; J. N. Bradford, Minneapolis; Leo Cook, Osseo; James Williams, Mankato; Jacob Koons, New Auburn; A. Beck, Soldier’s Home. Company C — R. S. Don- aldson, Stewart; H. N. Ilosmer, Farmington; Thos. Reeves, Minneapolis ; John Thurston, Farmington; Joseph Getzman, Waseca; M. A. Bailey, Monticello; A. C. Morrison, Min- neapolis; Willliam McCrory, Alexandria ; H. B. Johnson, Red- wood Falls; Francis W. Shaw, Jarretts ; John Loid, Sauk Centre; Morris Tracey, St. Paul; Herman Vogt, 409 Adams street, Minneapolis. Company D — R. A. W heeler, Cedar Mills; Edwin Kidder, St. Cloud; Charles B. Smith, West Union; F. V. DeCoster, Litchfield ; F. Follett, Fairmount; Allen Gerrish, St. Charles; G. W. Anderson, St. Paul. Com- pany E — Peter Jerome, St. Paul ; Harvey Fletcher, Owatonna ; Ezra Town, Owatonna ; Joseph Everett, Cleveland; John W. Baker, Annandale; William Bradley, Montevideo; Michael Dolen, St. Paul; LI. R. Thompson, Owatonna; Albert Sass, Faxon; David Gerold, Jordan; John B. Bodin, Henderson; Wm. IL. Spath, Dassel. Company F — P. R. Taylor, Wells; Robert Thom, Owatonna; A. B. Sweet, Hanley Fails; James Shields, Woodstock; Charles Bromwich, Minneapolis; W. 0. Ward, Bismarck, N. D. ; James W. Douglas, Anoka; W. A. Parry, Farmington. Company G — J. E. Conway, St. Paul; Peter Duerr, St. Michaels; Emil Gutzweiller, St. Michaels. Company H — Andrew Jenson, Brighton; John Buol, Han- over; Christopher Jenson, Brighton ; John Larrabee, Minnesota Lake; Jesse S. Bean, Hamline; H. Kraus, Chaska; W. K. Jordan, Excelsior; Andrew Anderson, Nicollet; Adam Fischer, Waconia; Ai Laflin, Mankato. Company I — Cyrus Aldrich, Morristown; Joseph Hershey, Waterville; A. H. Thruu, Michi- 1861 -’ 92 ] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 579 gan, 1ST. D.; Valentine Valerius, St. Michaels; John Smith, St. Paul; Henry Harper, St. Paul; Johnston Piper; Waterville; E. 0. Chapman, Redwood Falls; J. W. Davey, Minneapolis. Company K — George Baird, Austin; Joseph Cook, Minne- apolis, 1335 Franklin avenue; James Fullerton, Fairfax; E. A. Whitcomb, Le Roy; H. P. Burgor, Breckenridge; J. S. Boyd, St. Paul; Martin Kiefer, Rochester; A. Kuisle, Chatfield ; J. E. McCarron, St. Paul, 276 Rondo street; J. F. Huntley, Spring Valley; H. W. VanValkenburg, Duluth; Augustus Rose, Dial, Kan. The following named persons were elected officers for the ensuing year: President, J. B. Sanborn; vice presidents, R. B. Young of Company A, J. JST. Bradford of Company B, T. H. Reeves of Company C, G. W. Anderson of Company D, C. H. Stinchfield of Company E, A. W. White of Company F, J. E. Conway of Company G, J. S. Bean of Company II, Ira C. Aldrich of Company I, John Boyd of Company K; secretary, A. L. Brown. The sum of fifty dollars was appropriated out of the funds of the society to help defray the expenses of this reunion. General Sanborn was requested to appoint a committee of five to make arrangements for our annual reunion next year, the committee to secure a hall, or some suitable place, to have dinner prepared; and also, that the committee have badges pre- pared for the use of our members. In the absence of General Sanborn during a part of the pro- ceedings, comrade John H. Thurston was called to the chair and presided. By invitation of General Sanborn the society and friends of comrades present proceeded to the Hotel Ryan for dinner. The thanks of those present were tendered to General Sanborn by a rising vote. Extracts from Letters Received. We copy a few extracts from letters read at our meeting. From Gen. M. T. Thomas, Vernon, Tex.: Very much to my regret, I do not find it possible to attend your reunion this year. Although much stronger than when I met my old comrades two years ago, it is necessary for me to remain in the mild climate of Texas to keep 580 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1861-’ 92 comfortably well. Colonel Tourtellotte’s death is a severe loss to me; we had kept up a continuous correspondence from the time I left the regiment until his end. His pride in the regiment was unbounded, and only equaled by his confidence in them as soldiers. Please say to our old comrades that I never cease to remember my association with them as one of the dearest periods of my life, and that if I cannot be with them in person, yet it is with pride that I can assert down herein the panhandle of Texas that I was once a member of the Fourth Minnesota. Capt. Wra. F. Wheeler of Company F regretted his inability to be present. “I read with sorrow of the death of Gen. J. E. Tourtellotte, one of the best and bravest of our comrades; he lived a noble life, and those who knew him best loved him most. My salutation to all the dear old comrades who meet at your reunion.” Maj. Geo. A. Clarke, Florence, Ala., wrote of the great loss sustained by the death of General Tourtellotte, and of his many good qualities, and paying tribute of respect to his memory. “God bless you all, it will be a glad day when I meet you all again.” Comrade Wm. M. Davis, also expressing regrets, etc. The following named comrades have died since our reunion : Capt. Robert B. Young, one of the vicepresidents of the socie- ty and who was present with us in good health at our reunion, died at Excelsior, Minn., Sept. 18, 1891, quite suddenly. He was seventy-seven years of age, and had lived in Minnesota thirty-five years. He organized and commanded a company of volunteers at Belle Plaine previous to the war, and with it formed a basis for Company A of our regiment. Because of sick- ness he was compelled, much against his will, to resign his com- mission when we were besieging Vicksburg. He was one of the most honorable and upright gentlemen we ever had the pleasure to become acquainted with ; kind and generous, he had a pleasant salutation and a warm greeting for all. He was father to Lieut. T. M. Young of Company A. Samuel B. Brown of Company B died at Brownton, Minn., on Dec. 27, 1891, from the infirmities of old age. Deceased was born at East Andover, N. Id., Oct. 6, 1811, was a resident of Auburn, N. Y., for many years, removed to Dixon and then to Freeport, III.; came to McLeod county, Minnesota, during 1861 -’ 92 ] MINNESOTA INEANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 581 the spring of 1857; volunteered, and joined the regiment at Huntsville, Ala.; engaged with it in the battle of Allatoona, Ga., and served in the regiment until its final muster-out. He was father to A. L. and C. H. Brown of Company B of this regiment and Alfred A. C. Brown of Company L, First Minne- sota Heavy Artillery. APPENDIX. The Ram Fleet and Marine Brigade — Pay Tables of Officers and Enlisted Men — List of Battles and Record of Events- — Number of Troops Furnished by the States for the Union Army — Total Number of Men in the Union Army at Different Times — Aggregate Force of the Union Armies — Con- federate Forces Surrendered at the Close of the War — Poem, “What Did the Privates Do? ” The Ram Fleet and Marine Brigade. The following was furnished us by Capt. F. V. De Coster, and we copied from the proceedings of the “ Society of the Ram Fleet and Marine Brigade:” THE RAM FLEET. This branch of the service was organized under the auspices of the War De- partment, although intended to co-operate with the navy in rescuing the Mis- sissippi river and lower tributaries from the rebels, and driving their vessels from its waters. The fleet was fitted out in the spring of 1862, on the Ohio, under the personal supervision of Charles Ellet, Jr., a civil engineer of Philadelphia, and consisted of six ordinary steamboats remodeled by removal of the greater portions of cabins and protecting boilers and engines by heavy bulkheading, making their prows sharp, solid and strong for running down the enemy. The six rams were the Queen of the West (flagship), Monarch, Switzerland, Lioness, Lancaster and Horner. This fleet, each vessel manned by a select crew and one army officer and a squad of six or eight men (detailed from the Fifty-ninth Illinois Infantry for this service) under command of (then) Col. Charles Ellet, reached the front soon after the taking of Island No. 10, assisted in the operations resulting in the fall of Fort Pillow, pursuit of the rebel boats to Memphis, the great naval engagement there (in which the rams took a con- spicuous part and Colonel Ellet received his death wound), and in all subse- quent operations at and below Vicksburg, on the Yazoo and Red rivers and through the remainder of the year 1862, when the rebel craft having been anni- hilated on these waters and the demand being for a patrolling river service, Col. Alfred W. Ellet (who had been promoted to the command after his brother’s death) was empowered to proceed north and enlist and organize a brigade for service on the river, and to fit out transport steamers specially for this service. THE MARINE BRIGADE. Near the close of the year (1862) General Ellet (now commissioned a briga- dier general) established recruiting headquarters in St. Louis, and rapidly 1861 -’ 92 ] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 583 gathered the desired command, being authorized to re-enlist convalescents at camps and barracks not able to endure fatiguing marches but not subject to discharge, for this less fatiguing though not less hazardous service. Meantime suitable vessels of large carrying capacity had been purchased and were being prepared by light bulkheading, around both decks and cabins, and suitably arranged in the interior for quarters for infantry, cavalry and artillery. These vessels — the Autocrat (flagship), Diana, Baltic, Raine, Adams and Woodford (hospital and supply steamers) — were brought to St. Louis, and the force, con- sisting of one full regiment of infantry, a battalion (four companies) of cavalry and a field battery, was embarked thereon, March 12, 1863. The Minnesota Marine Brigade at once repaired to lower waters and actively co-operated in land movements, and patrolled the Mississippi and its tributaries from the Tennessee river to New Orleans, having frequent encounters with rebel bat- teries brought to the river to interrupt transports, and many engagements with guerrilla commands on shore. This active service continued, the vessels some- times widely separated and on special duties, and sometimes the entire com- mand together, until after the fall of Vicksburg, and the collapse of the west- ern end of the Confederacy. The organization having accomplished its mission, was disembarked at Vicksburg in the fall of 1864, and after some delay dis- banded, and the line officers and enlisted men mustered out, a part of the general officers resigning and apart being assigned to duty in other places. The light bulkheading of these boats consisted of two-inch oak planking as a protection against rifle shots, but which was worse than nothing against artill- ery, because the splinters and pieces of plank would wound as many, or more, than shells would. Pay of Officers and Enlisted Men. It was against the law and the positive orders of the War De- partment for an officer to keep a soldier out of the ranks, and from his duty to cook and vrait upon him as his servant. Sol- diers were paid to do military duty for the United States Gov- ernment and not to groom officers’ horses. A part of an officer’s pay was for employing a servant, provided he employed one. And whenever an officer received his pay, he signed a certifi- cate like the following, which was printed on all pay rolls; and an officer’s certificate being his oath, swore as follows: We certify on honor, that we actually employed the servants, and owned and kept in service the horses for which we have received payment, for the whole of the time charged, and did not during any part of the time employ a soldier as servant; the names of our servants are below. We copied the following from the National Tribune: The pay and allowances of officers during the war varied from time to time, according to the arm of the service in which employed. The total pay of a 584 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1861-’92 second lieutenant of artillery or infantry from the commencement of the war to Aug. 6, 1861, was $103.50; from Aug. 6, 1861, to July 17, 1862, $105.50; from July 17, 1862, to March 3, 1865, $103.50; from March 3, 1865, to April 1, 1865, $108.50; from April 1, 1865, to the close of the war, $112.50. For the same peri- ods the pay of other line officers was as follows, viz. : First lieutenant of artil- lery or infantry, $108.50, $110.50, $108.50, $113.50, $117.50; first and second lieutenants of cavalry or light artillery, $112.83, $113.83, $112.83, $116.83, $120.83; captains of artillery or infantry, $118.50, $120.50, $118.50, $123.50, $127.50; captains of cavalry or light artillery, $129.50, $130.50, $129.50, $133.50, $137.50. Officers’ servants pay was, prior to Aug. 1, 1861, $11 for artillery or infantry, and $12 for cavalry or light artillery; from Aug. 6, 1861, to July 17, 1862, $13 for all arms; from July 17, 1862, to March 3, 1865, same as prior to Aug. 6, 1861; after March 3, 1865, $16 for all arms. Servants’ clothing was $2.50 per month until April 1, 1865, and $6.50 after said date. Each officer was entitled to four rations at thirty cents per ration until March 1, 1865; thereafter officers serving in the field were entitled to fifty cents per ration. The pay proper of line officers of cavalry or light artillery was as follows: Captain, $70; first or second lieutenant, $53.33; of infantry or artillery captain, $60; first lieu- tenant, $50 ; second lieutenant, $45. Thus to determine the exact amount due any officer mentioned above take the pay proper and add commutation for subsist- ence and servant, which will give the total pay. For instance, for the period between July 17, 1862, and March 3, 1865, we find the total pay, etc., of a captain of infantry to be $118.50 per month. This amount arose as follows: Pay proper, $60 per month; four rations a day at 30 cents per ration, $1.20 per day or $36 per month; servant, one ration, $9 per month; his pay, $11; his clothing, $2.50; total for servant, $22.50; total pay, etc., for captain of infantry, $118.50. One servant was allowed to each officer of the grades before men- tioned; $10 extra per month was allowed to all company officers, in addition to the pay, etc., above mentioned, for responsibility of arms, etc., when such officer was in actual command of a company and responsible for such property. The pay was increased some time after March 3, 1865, so that a captain of infantry in command of a company received one hundred and fifty dollars a month. Pay of Field and Staff Officers. The pay per month of a colonel during the war was $95, and he was allowed six rations and two servants; of a lieuten- ant colonel, $80, five rations, two servants; of a major, $70, four rations and two servants. A regimental adjutant and also quartermaster each received $10 per month additional to pay as a lieutenant, and each also $6 for forage. A colonel also drew $12, a lieutenant colonel $11 and a major $10, for forage. A regimental surgeon received $80 and pay for four rations 1861-’92] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 585 and two servants and $10 for forage. An assistant surgeon, $53^, four rations, one servant and $10 for forage. PAY OF ENLISTED MEN MAY 1st. Rank. 1861. 1864. Sergeant Major $21.00 21 00 $26.00 22 00 21 00 22 ' 00 Regimental Hospital Steward 22.00 33.00 21 .00 22.00 20.00 24.00 17.00 20.00 13.00 18.00 Wagoner 14.00 18.00 Musician 12.00 16.00 Private , . 11.00 16.00 The pa}^ of hospital steward was increased on April 16, 1862, to thirty dollars, and the pay of private was increased on Aug. 6, 1861, to thirteen dollars per month. List of Battles and Record of Events. 1861 — March 4th — Abraham Lincoln inaugurated President. April 12th — Fort Sumter tired upon April 14th — Fort Sumter evacuated by Maj. Robert Anderson, the garri- son (one hundred and nine men) withdrawing to the fleet out- side the harbor and carrying their flag with them April 15th — Proclamation of President Lincoln calling out the mi- litia of the states for three months’ service to the number of seventy-five thousand and also calling f >r a session of congress to meet July 4, 1861 April 18th — Harper’s Ferry evacuated by United States forces after burning the arsenal and armory. April 19th — A mob in Baltimore assail the Sixth Massa- chusetts while on its way to Washington, causing the first bloodshed of the war, with the exception of that caused in Sumter by an accidental explosion of ammunition May 3d — President Lincoln called for sixty-four thousand volun- teers to serve “during the war” and eighteen thousand for the navy June 10th — Battle of Bethel. Va.; Federals defeated. 38* 5SG HISTORY OF THE. FOURTH REGIMENT [1861-’92 June 11th — Lew Wallace and his command of some Indi- ana troops defeats the rebels at Romney, Ya June 15th — Harper’s Ferry evacuated by the rebels July 4th — Congress assembled and on July 10th authorized the President to raise five hundred thousand more troops and appropriated five hun- dred million dollars July 21st — Battle of'Bull Run, Va., nine hours’ severe fighting; Federals defeated August 10th — Battle of Wilson’s Creek (Oak Hills), Mo.; General L 3 7 on killed. September 10th — Battle of Conifex Ferry, Ya Septem- ber 20th — Col. J. A. Mulligan, after resisting Price’s forces from September 12th, was forced to surrender his force at Lex- ington, Mo October 21st — Battle of Balls Bluff, Ya. ; Col. E. D. Baker killed November 7th — Federal gunboats and a land force under General Grant attack Columbus, Ivy. The Federals withdraw. Port Royal, S. C., taken November 8th — Seizure of Mason and Slidell on the Trent off the north- ern coast of Cuba, by Captain Wilkes. 3862 — January 1st — Mason and Slidell given up Janu- ary 7th — Battle near Prestonburg, Ky., between troops under Garfield and Marshall January 19th — Battle of Mill Spring, Ky. General Zollicoffer killed February 6th — Fort Henry, Tenn., taken February 8th — Roanoke Island, S. C., taken February 16th — Fort Donelson, Tenn., surrendered February 26th — Union army takes possession of Nashville, Tenn March 7th — Battle of Pea Ridge, Ark March 8th — The rebel ram Merrimac attacked the Union fleet at Newport News, Ya., and sank and disabled several vessels; the Federal monitor arrived in the night March 9th — The monitor attacked the Merrimac and disabled it and the latter fled up to Norfolk March 14th — The rebels evacuated New Madrid last night and Pope’s army entered to-day April 6th — Generals Albert Sidney Johnston and W. H. L. Wallace killed April 6th and 7th — Battle of Shiloh April 7th — Island No. 10 captured April 12th — Halleck arrived at Pittsburgh Landing and took command of the army. Fort Purnski, Ga., surrendered April 25th — New Orleans captured; Beaufort, N. C., captured May 4th — York- town, Va., taken May 10th — Norfolk, Ya., surrendered 1861-92] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 587 May 25th — Banks’ forces at Winchester, Va., defeated by the rebels May 30th — Corinth, Miss., evacuated and was occupied by the Union army May 31st — Battle of Seven Pines, Ya June 6th — Battle between the gunboats off Memphis, and Memphis, Tenn., surrendered June 19th — House of Representatives passed a bill confiscating slaves of rebels June 25th — SevenDays’ Battles, June 25th to Jul} 7 1st. July 1st — President Lincoln called for three hundred thousand more men August 9th — Battle of Cedar Mountain Au- gust 10th — General Steele’s army set out from Helena for Lit- tle Rock, Ark August 29th and 31st — Second battle of Bull Run August 30th — Battle of Richmond, Ky September 1st — Battle of Chantilly, Va September 7th — Lee with his army in Maryland September 10th — Steele’s army occupy Little Rock, Ark September 14th — Battle of South Moun- tain, Md.; General Reno killed September 15th — Harper’s Ferry surrendered. .....September 17th — Battle of Antietam September 19th — Battle of Iuka, Miss September 22d — President Lincoln issued a proclamation declaring that all slaves of rebels should be free on Jan 1, 1863 October 3d and 4th — Battle of Corinth, Miss October 8th — Battle of Perryvilie, Ky October 30th — Rosecrans supersedes Buell November 7th — General McClellan directed to turn over his command to General Burnside December 13th — Battle of Fredericksburg, Ya December 29th — First attack by General Sherman’s troops on Vicksburg December 31st, 1862, to Jan. 2, 1863 — Battle of Murfreesboro or Stone’s River, Tenn. 1863 — January 1st — Emancipation Proclamation; Stone’s River, Tenn January 11th — Arkansas Post taken January 26th — Burnside superseded by Hooker April 7th — Fort Sumter, S. C., bombarded by fleet May 1st to 17th — Grant’s campaign from Fort Gibson to Vicksburg May 2d and 3d — Battle of Chancellorsville, Va May 2d — Stonewall Jackson shot June 19th — West Virginia admitted to the Union June 27th — Burn- side resigned his command and on June 28th was succeeded by General Meade July 1st to 3d — Battle of Gettysburg, Pa. 5S8 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1861 -’92 July 4th — Vicksburg, Miss., surrendered; Confederate forces assault Helena, Ark., and Union army, under General Prentiss, defeats them July 8th — Port Hudson surrendered July 13th to 16th — Draft riot in New York City July 14th — Mississippi river open to the Gulf August 21st — Quantrell’s massacre at Lawrence, Kan September 7th — Fort Wagner, S. C., taken September 9th — Battle of Cumberland Gap, Tenn September 19th and 20th — Battleof Chickamauga, Ga October 23d — General Grant arrived at Chattanooga, and succeeded Rosecrans in command No- vember 24th and 25th — Battle of Chattanooga, Missionary Ridge. 1864 — February 20th — Battle of Olustee, Fla .March 14th — Fort De Russey captured April 12th — Fort Pil- low, Tenn., captured, and the colored troops massacred — May 5th — Butler and his army landed at Bermuda Hundred — May 5th and 6th — Battle of the Wilderness, Va May 8th to 12th Battle of Spottsyl vania May 14th and 15th — Battle of Resaca, Ga May 15th — Battle of New Market May 25th to 28th — Battle of Dallas — June 3d — Battle of Cold Harbor, Va June 15th — Battle of Lost Mountain June 19th — Battle between Kearsarge and Alabama; the latter sunk June 27th — Battle of Kenesaw Mountain July 9th — Battle of Monocacj', Md July 20th, 22d and 28th — Battles before Atlanta, Ga July 30th — Chambersburg, Pa., burned; mine explosion, Petersburg, Va August 5th — Farragut entered Mobile bay August 18th — Weldon railroad taken Sep- tember 2d — Atlanta, Ga., taken possession of September 19th — Battle of Fisher’s Hill, Va October 5th — Battle of Allatoona, Ga Battle of Cedar Creek, Va October 31st — Nevada admitted to Union November 30tli — Battleof Franklin, Tenn December 13th — Ft. McAllister, Ga., taken December 15th and 16th — Battle of Nashville, Tenn December 21st — Enemy evacuate and Sherman’s army oc- cupies Savannah, Ga. 1865 — January 15th — Fort Fisher, N. C., taken Febru- ary 1st — General Sherman’s army starts north from Savannah, Ga February 17th — Columbia, S. C., taken February 1861-’ 92] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 589 18th — Charleston, S. C., taken possession of March 15th and 18th — Battles of Averysboro and Bentonville, N. C March 25th — Attack on Fort Steadman, Ya April 1st — Battle of Five Forks, Va April 2d — Wilson’s cavalry occupy Selma, Ala April 2d and 3d — Petersburg and Richmond, Ya., taken April 9th — Lee’s army surrendered April 9th — Works at Blakeley, Ala., assaulted and carried; last assault during the war against fortifications April 10th and 11th — Mobile evacuated April 12th — Wilson’s cavalry occupy Montgomery, Ala April 14th — President Lincoln assassin- ated April 26th — Johnston’s army surrendered May 10th — Jefferson Davis captured May 13th — Last battle of the war on the Rio Grande river in Texas ..May 14th — Gen. Dick Taylor surrendered the forces east of the Mississippi river May 16th — Wilson’s cavalry occupy Columbus, Ga. May 24th — Gen. Kirby Smith surrendered the rebel forces west of the Mississippi river to Gen. E. R. S. Canby. Calls for Troops. 1861 — Lincoln called upon the governors of the several states for seventy-five thousand militia for three months May 3d a second call was made for 42,034 volunteers for three years — 22,714 men for the regular army and eighteen thousand seamen On July 22d, 25th and 31st Congress authorized the President to accept not exceeding one million volun- teers for periods from six months to three years. No for- mal call was made, but men came forward promptly under these acts, which were regarded in the apportionment of quotas as a call for five hundred thousand men for three years. 1862 — On July 2d a call was made for three hundred thous- and volunteers for three years, and on August 4th a draft was ordered for three hundred thousand men for nine months to be made by the state authorities from the militia Congress passed an act on March 3, 1863, providing for enrolling and ’ drafting of the militia forces of the states and created the bureau of the provost marshal general for the purpose of carrying this measure into effect. It was the enforcement of this draft that caused the riot in New York City. A call was 590 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1861-’ 92 made for three hundred thousand men on October 17th to serve three years, and on Feb. 1 and March 14, 1864, two more calls were made for two hundred thousand men, each for three years. In April a draft was made to till these calls On July 18, 1864, another call was made for five hundred thousand men for one, two and three years. And on the nineteenth of December another one was made for three hun- dred thousand for the same periods. These calls were suc- ceeded by drafts. Recruiting was stopped April 13, 1865. The number of troops furnished by the various states to the Union army were as follows: Maine 70,107 New Hampshire 33,937 Vermont 33,288 Massachusetts 146,730 Rhode Island 23,236 Connecticut 55,864 New York 448,850 New Jersey 76.814 Pennsylvania 337,936 Delaware 12,281 Maryland 46,638 West Virginia 32,068 District of Columbia 16,534 Ohio 313,180 Indiana 196,363 Illinois 259,092 Michigan 87,364 Wisconsin 91,327 Minnesota 24,020 Iowa 76,242 Missouri 109,111 Kentucky 75,760 Kansas 20,149 Tennessee 31,092 Arkansas 8,289 North Carolina 3,156 California 15,725 Nevada 1,080 Oregon 1,810 Washington Territory 964 Colorado 4,903 Nebraska 3,157 Dakota Territory 206 New Mexico Territory 6,561 Alabama 2,576 Florida 1,290 Louisiana 5,224 Mississippi 545 Texas 1,965 Indian Nation 3,530 Colored Troops 186,097 Total 2,865,064 Another Table. The greatest number of Union soldiers at any one time during the war was on May 1, 1865, when the grand total of present and absent volunteers and regulars amounted to 1,000,516. The number of troops in the service at vari- ous other times was as follows: Jan. 1, 1863, 918,191; Jan. 1, 1864, 860,737; Jan. 1, 1865, 959,460; March 31, 1865, 980,086. The total number of troops furnished during the war, from first to last, was 2,778,304. Aggregate Force of the Union Armies March 1, 1865. Available force present for duty 602,953 On detached service in the different military departments 132,538 , In field hospitals or unfit for duty 35,628 In general hospitals or on sick leave at home 143,419 Absent on furlough or as prisoners of war 31,695 Absent without leave 19,683 Grand aggregate 965,916 1861 -’ 92 ] MINNESOTA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS. 591 Confederate Forces Surrendered to the United States at the Close of the War. Army of Northern Virginia, Gen. R. E. Lee 27,805 Army of Tennessee, Gen. J. E. Johnston 31,243 Army of Missouri, Gen. Jeff. Thompson 7,978 Army of Alabama, Lieut. Gen. Dick Taylor 42,293 Army of Trans-Mississippi, Gen. E. Kirby Smith 17,686 Paroled in Department of Virginia 9,072 Paroled at Cumberland, Maryland, and other stations 9,377 Paroled in Alabama and Florida by General McCook 6,428 Paroled in the Department of Washington 3,390 Paroled in Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana and Texas. 13,922 Surrendered at Nashville and Chattanooga 5,029 Total 174,223 Confederate prisoners in Federal custody at the close of the war 98,802 Total 273,025 We have no record of the large number of rebel soldiers that deserted previous to the surrender. Large numbers of them surrendered at their homes and were there paroled, and took the oath of allegiance to the United States. what did the privates do ? Our dailies teem with daring deeds, And books are filled with fame, Brass bands will play and cannons roar, In honor of the name Of men who held commissions, and Were honest, brave and true. But still the question comes to me, What did the privates do ? Who were the men to guard the camp When foes were hovering round? Who dug the graves of comrades dear? Who laid them in the ground? Who sent the dying message home To those he never knew ? If officers did all of this What did the privates do? Who were the men to fill the place Of comrades slain in strife? Who were the men to risk their own To save a comrade’s life? Who was it lived on salted pork, And bread too hard to chew ? If officers did this alone What did the privates do? 592 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1861-’92 Who laid in pits on rainy nights All eager for the fray? Who marched beneath a scorching sun Through many a toilsome day ? Who paid the settler double price, And scanty rations drew? If officers get all the praise, Then what did privates do ? All honor to the brave old boys Who rallied at the call — Without regard to name or rank We honor one and all. They’re passing over one by one, And soon they’ll all be gone To where the books will surely show Just what the privates done. — J. S. Ellis, in National Tribune. I ADDENDUM To the Account of the Battle of Allatoona. The following was received from J. Willard Brown, his- torian of the Signal Corps, too late for insertion in its proper place : Amherst, N. Y., Aug. 10, 1892. Capt. A. L. Brown , Brownton, Minn.: Dear Sir: I inclose a few of the most important messages transmitted during the first days of October, 1864. I remember of reading in some paper, a few years ago, that there was not the slightest foundation in any message ever sent to Corse for the song “Hold the Fort,” except in the brain of the poet. You will see that there were two messages, either of which would have fur- nished a sufficient text for the song. I would be glad to send you more copies of messages if I were not so pressed for time. You may rely on their correct- ness and authenticity, as I have the original papers, written on the spot in Oc- tober, 1864, kindly loaned to me by Capt. J. M. McClintock, now of Tacoma, Wash., chief signal officer in charge of the stations in the vicinity of Kenesaw at that time. Very truly yours, J. Willard Brown. Allatoona, 6 p. m., Oct. 1, 1864. Captain Bachtell, Chief Signal Officer Army of Tennessee: All quiet at Alla- toona to-night. J. Q. Adams, Signal Officer. Lieut. Charles H. Fish, on Kenesaw, sent the following: 2 p. M., Oct. 3, 1864. Operator at Allatoona: Inquire by telegraph of Cartersville, Kingston and Borne, if there is any news there. W. T. Sherman, Major General. Kenesaw' Mt., 7 p. m., Oct. 3 d. Commanding Officers Allatoona , Kingston and Home: The enemy is moving on Allatoona, thence to Rome. General Sherman. (This message was delayed on account of the fog.) KENESAW r , 2 p. m. , Oct. Mh. Commanding Officer Allatoona: “ Sherman is moving in force. Hold out.” General Vandever. 594 HISTORY OF THE FOURTH REGIMENT [1861-’ 92 KENESAW Mt., 8:30 P. M., Oct. 4th. Commanding Officer AUatoona: General Sherman says: “Hold fast, we are coming.” General Yandevee. Kenesaw Mt., 8 a. m., Oct. 5th. Called Allatoona for two and one-half hours. Asked for the news, and at 10:35 A. M. received the following: “We hold out; General Corse here.” J. W. McKenzie, Acting Signal Officer. Kenesaw, 4 p. m., Oct. 5th. At 4 p. M. again called Allatoona and at 4:15 received the following: “We still hold out; General Corse is wounded.” J . W. McKenzie. General Sherman’s comments in his “Memoirs” would be interesting reading at this point. ERRATA. On page 25, read F. M. Beedle instead of F. W. Beedle. On page 25, read G. W. Gilson instead of G. 1ST. Gilson. On page 40, read Anderson D. Nelson instead of D. Ander- son Nelson. On page 198, read (24, 1, 750) instead of (34, 1, 750.) On page 306, read French’s instead of Boring’s. On page 466, read Cahawba instead of Catawba. On page 468, read Gilman instead of Gillman. On page 494, read Reuben J. Chewning instead of Ruben J. Chewning. rt’K T ' 3 9? , ’ l #V jr'-e ' OS % & <# 5,4 .^fc >;. J&W ~vJ:> 7 .. ' , " 0> ' /, -fy -‘ • / jg .-