DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2018 with funding from Duke University Libraries https://archive.org/details/queenslondon01unse The QUEEN’S LONDON A PICTORIAL AND DESCRIPTIVE RECORD OF THE Great Metropolis IN THE YEAR OF HER MAJESTY'S DIAMOND JUBILEE CASSELL and COMPANY, Limited LONDON, PARIS & MELBOURNE 1897 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED To Her Most Excellent Majesty VICTORIA, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of India, ETC. ETC., This Pictorial Representation of the Capital of Her Empire is, By Her Majesty's most Gracious Permission, llfsprctfulln Qrforatrii. List of Views Frontispiece: PORTRAIT OF HER MAJESTY QUEEN VICTORIA (To face Title). I. -VIEWS OF THE DIAMOND JUBILEE PROCESSION. PAGE Waiting for the Queen at Buckingham Palace ... i Preparing for the Start ... ... ... ... ii Escort of Princes leaving Buckingham Palace ... iii The Queen’s Carriage leaving the Quadrangle, Buckingham Palace... ... ... ... ... iv The Queen’s Carriage leaving the Gateway of the Palace ... ... ... ... ... ... v Victoria Mounted Troops at the Green Park Arch vi Royal Procession passing the Clubs ... ... vii Princesses in Pall Mall ... ... ... ... viii Colonial Escort in Pall Mall ... ... ... ix Royal Carriage in Pall Mall ... ... ... x Canadian Premier in Trafalgar Square ... ... xi The Queen’s Carriage passing the National Gallery ... ... ... ... ... ... xii The Queen’s Carriage in the Strand ... ... xiii End of the Procession, Ludgate Circus ... ... xiv Colonial Procession arriving at St. Paul’s ... xv Royal Procession arriving at St. Paul’s ... ... xvi The Thanksgiving Service ... ... ... ... xvii PAGE The Queen’s Carriage on the South-East Side of St. Paul’s ... ... ... ... ... ... xviii Colonial Procession in the Poultry ... ... xix The Queen’s Carriage approaching the Mansion House ... ... ... ... ... ... ... xx At the Mansion House... ... ... ... ... xxi Officers of the Imperial Service Troops in King William Street .. ... .... ... ... xxii Colonial Procession passing over London Bridge xxiii The Queen in St. George’s Circus ... ... ... xxiv Colonial Troops on Westminster Bridge ... ... xxv Escort of Princes passing the Houses of Parlia¬ ment ... ... ... ... ... ... ... xxvi Naval Field Battery in Whitehall... ... ... xxvii Troops turning into the Horse Guards Gateway xxviii Troops returning to Buckingham Palace ... ... xxix The Crowd Around Ludgate Circus ... ... xxx Decorations in St. James’s Street ... ... ... xxxi Decorations at the Carlton Club and at Marl¬ borough House ... ... ... ... ... xxxii II-VIEWS OF STREETS. BUILDINGS. PARKS. ETC.. ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY. PAGE 401 206 232 i'ACE Admiralty, The ... ... ... ... ... ... 46 ,, The New ... ... ... ... ... 392 Agricultural Hall, Royal, Military Tournament at 155 Academy, The Royal Addington Palace... A Delphi Terrace, with Garrick’s House LIST OF VIEWS. Agricultural Hall, Royal, Cattle Show at Albany Barracks, Drawing-Room Parade at Albert Hall, The Royal: Exterior ... „ „ ,, Interior ... ., Mansions ... „ Memorial, The ... „ ., Chapel, Windsor, Looking East „ ,, „ ,, Looking West Alexandra Palace, The ... Alhambra, The, Leicester Square “Angel,” The, Islington.. Apsley House, with Hyde Park Corner Aquarium, The Royal Army and Navy Stores ... Athen.eum Club Bank of England ... Bankside, The Thames and St. Paul’s from Barking Side, Dr. Barnardo’s Homes at Battersea Park, A London County Council Band i „ „ Cycling in Beaconsfield, Lord, Statue of, on Primrose Day Bethlehem Hospital Bethnal Green, Old Weavers’ Houses at „ ,, Museum... Billingsgate Market Blackfriars Bridge Blackwali. Tunnel, Opening of Board School Cookery Class, A „ „ Carpentry Class, A ,, „ Morning Assembly at a Boat-Race, The, from Barnes Bridge.. Bow Church, Cheapside ... ,, ,, View from, Looking East „ Street Police Court Bridgewater House British and Foreign Bible Society's House 365 19 183 170 97 *4 3 142 37 264 84 3 28 ! 5 ° 217 240 65 169 3 °° 282 336 33 1 72 3°6 266 3 12 79 40S 238 2 39 3 r 7 39 198 399 190 289 British Museum : General View ,, „ The Reading Room Brockwell Park ... Bromley Palace Brompton Oratory: Interior „ „ Exterior ... Buccleuch House, Richmond Buckingham Palace, from St. James’s Park The Throne Room ,, ,, The Queen’s Private Chapel ., The Pleasure Grounds Bunyan’s Tomb in Bunhill Fields Burlington Arcade „ House... Burnham Beeches ... Bushy Park : Chestnut Avenue Byron’s Elm, Harrow Camden House, Chislehurst Cannon Street, Looking West ... Carlton Club : The Smoking-Room „ House Terrace ... Carlyle House, Cheyne Row, Chelse Carshalton Church Cassiobury House, Watford Catholic Apostolic Church, Gordon Square Cattle Show, The... Central Criminal Court : Interior „ Synagogue, The... Chancery Lane, with the New Record Office Changing of the Guard, St. James’s Palace Chapel Royal, St. James’s „ „ Savoy Charing Cross Hotel „ „ Station Charles II., Statue of Charterhouse, The Interior PAGE 86 3 T 9 421 218 41 433 133 194 J 95 4 i 5 426 271 290 236 227 85 197 241 292 l6 5 98 318 137 270 3 l6 365 214 181 244 35 i 384 125 46 291 410 4i5 / LIST OF VIEWS. Cheapsidf., with Bow Church ... PAGE 198 Cricket at Kennington Oval. (See Kennington Oval.) PAGE Chelsea Hospital ... 35 Crystal Palace: General View . •7 ,, Rossetti’s House at ... 375 5) Temperance Demonstration at ... 75 “Cheshire Cheese,” Ye Olde ... 229 „ „ Dog Show at. 273 Chesterfield House 379 ,, „ Football at ... 360 Chestnut Avenue, Bushy Park... 85 Customs House 8 Chigwell : The King’s Head 308 Cutler Street Warehouses, Ostrich Feathers at... 325 Chingford : Queen Elizabeth’s Lodge 123 Cycling at Herne Hill ... 202 ., The Old Church ... 359 „ in Battersea Park 336 Chiswick, Royal Horticultural Gardens at Christ Church, Westminster Bridge Road ... 287 226 “Defoe’s House” near Mitcham 163 Christ’s Hospital: The Exterior 192 Derby Day at Epsom IOI ,, ,, The Dining Hall (Interior) 362 Devonshire House... T04 Church House, Westminster, Missionary Meeting at 37 i Dr. Johnson’s House in Gough Square 376 Churchyard Bottom Wood 425 Dog Show at the Crystal Palace 273 City of London School ... J 5 6 Donaldson Museum, Royal College of Music 422 ,, Temple : Interior ... 329 Dorchester House... 82 Clapham Junction at Night 412 Drawing-Room Parade at Albany Barracks... 321 Claremont ... 2 5 r Drury Lane Theatre 250 Ccaybury Asylum ... ng Dulwich College ... 230 Cleopatra’s Needle 47 „ Park: The Lake . 288 Coaching Club, A Meet of the 127 Dijrdans, The, Epsom '77 College of Arms ... ,, ,, Music, Royal, 'Phi: Old ... 220 342 Earl’s Court: The Great Wheel 3°5 „ „ „ The New. 343 Eel Pie Island 29 ., ,, Science 209 “Elephant and Castle,” The ... 302 ,, ,, Surgeons 268 F.pping Forest: Connaught Water ' 5 1 Colonial Institute, The Royal: The Library 348 Epsom, Derby Day at IOI Columbia Market ... 349 ,, The High Street... '47 Congress Hall, Clapton: Interior 1 35 „ The Durdans '77 Connaught Water, Epping Forest ' 5 ' Eton College, Distant View of 77 Constitutional Club 203 „ and Harrow Match at Lord’s. 326 Cornhill, Looking Down... 108 Euston Station, Entrance to ... ' 3 2 Court of Appeal ... 419 „ ,, Interior of 260 Covent Garden Market ... 279 Exeter Hall Gymnasium... 277 ,, ,, Theatre... Cricket at Lord’s. (See Lord’s.) 160 Faraday’s Table, in the Royal Institution ... 346 LIST OF VIEWS. PAGE Farringdon Street, with Holborn Viaduct... ... 274 „ ,, „ The Memorial Hall ... 353 Field Lane Refuge ... ... ... ... ... 409 Finsbury Park ... ... ... ... ... ... 390 Fleet Street, Lord Mayor’s Procession in ... ... 281 „ ,, Looking East ... ... ... ... 361 Football at the Crystal Palace ... ... ... 360 Foreign and India Offices, from St. James’s Park 48 ,, ,, ,, „ ., The Clock Tower 381 ,, Office, Staircase in ... ... ... ... 259 Foundling Hospital ... ... ... ... ... 116 Fountain Court, Temple... ... ... ... ... 70 Frogmore Mausoleum : Interior ... ... ... 263 Fulham Palace ... ... ... ... ... ... 294 Furnival’s Inn ... ... ... ... ... ... 210 Garrick’s House, Adelphi Terrace General Post Office : The Telegraph Galleries ,, „ „ Buildings In strum en T Geological Museum George Eliot’s House, The Priory, North Bank •‘George” Inn, Borough... Goldsmiths’ Hall prepared for a “ Pyx Dinner ’ „ ,, The Assay Office ... Gough Square, Dr. Johnson’s House in Gray’s Inn Square... Great Wheel at Earl’s Court.. Green Park, with Piccadilly ... ,, „ Arch, Wellington Place Greenwich Hospital, from the Park ... >5 River ... „ „ The Painted Hall „ Observatory ... „ Park ... Grocers’ Hall, Staircase of the Grosvenor House ... 280 335 386 276 126 35 6 357 376 i 34 3°5 33 2 144 383 24 219 93 3 8 3 358 338 PAGE Guildhall: The Exterior ... ... .. ... 120 ,, The Interior ... ... ... ... 54 „ Library . 393 Guy’s Hospital ... ... ... ... ... ... 146 Hammersmith Bridge, From the South Side... ... 55 Hampstead Heath, from the Flagstaff ... ... 49 ,, „ The Flagstaff ... ... ... 334 Hampton Court Palace: General View ... ... 6i ,, ,, „ The Lion Gates ... ... 112 „ ,, ,, Fountain Court ... ... 313 ,, ,, ,, View from the River ... 370 Harrow, View of, from the School Cricket-Ground 275 ,, Churchyard: Byron’s Elm .. ... ... 197 ,, School: The Old School ... ... .. 27 ,, ,, The Fourth Form Room ... ... 166 ., ,, The Chapel and Library... ... 167 ,, ,, The Speech House ... ... ... 236 Hatfield House: The South Front ... .. ... 42 ,, ,, King James’s Drawing-Room ... 295 ,, Park: The Avenue ... ... ... 43 Hayes Place .. ... ... ... ... ... 283 Henry the Seventh’s Chapel, Westminster Abbey ... 397 Her Majesty’s Theatre ... ... ... ... ... 380 Heralds’ College (College of Arms)... ... ... 220 Herne Hill, Cycling at... ... ... ... ... 202 High Beech, View from, Looking West ... ... 262 Highgate Archway, Looking Northwards ... ... 71 „ Cemetery ... ... ... ... ... 205 Holborn Bars, Old Houses at . ... ... ... 286 ,, Viaduct, From Farringdon Street ... 274 Holland House, Kensington: The South Front ... 31 Holloway Gaol ... ... ... ... ... ... 25 Holly Lodge, Kensington ... ... ... ... 180 Home Office, The... ... ... ... .. ... 164 Hop Exchange, Southwark: Interior ... ... 60 Horse Guards, The ... ... ... ... ... 4 h LIST OF VIEWS. Hotel Cecil, from Westminster Bridge ... ... 245 ,, Metropole, with Northumberland Avenue... 337 Hounslow: High Street... ... ... ... ... 159 Houses of Parliament : View from the River ... 2 „ ,, „ St. Stephen’s Hall... ... 3 ,, ,, ,, House of Lords : Interior 58 ,, ,, ,, House of Commons: Interior 59 „ ,, „ View from the Clock Tower 381 „ ,, „ The Royal Gallery ... 391 Hyde Park : The Marble Arch ... ... ... 90 ,, ,, A Meet of the Coaching Club ... 127 „ ,, The Drive and Rotten Row ... ... 129 „ „ Corner and Apsley House ... ... 328 ,, „ The Serpentine ... ... ... ... 411 Imperial Institute: The Exterior ... ... ... 21 „ ,, The Entrance Hall ... ... 193 India (with the Foreign) Office, from St. James’s Park 48 ,, „ ,, ,, The Clock Tower 381 „ Office: Central Court... ... ... ... 299 Kennington Oval, Cricket at ... ... ... ... 350 Kensal Green Cemetery... ... ... ... ... 252 Kensington Gardens : Skating on the Long Water 45 „ ,, The Albert Memorial ... 97 ,, ,, The Round Pond ... ... 314 „ Palace ... ... ... ... ... 136 „ Town Hall and Public Library ... 145 ,, Public Baths ... ... ... ... 423 Kew Church ... ... ... ... ... ... 255 ,, Gardens: The Palm House ... ... ... 50 ,, ,, The Rhododendron Walk ... ... 51 ,, ,, The Museum, From the Palm House 81 „ „ View in ... ... ... ... ... 184 ,, „ The Water-Lily House... ... 185 PAGE Kilburn Lane Higher Grade School. Board School.) King’s College ... ... ... ... ... ... 102 „ Cross Goods-Yard at Night .. ... ... 413 Kingston-on-Thames Market-Place ... ... ... 247 Kneller Hall, Twickenham ... ... ... ... 214 Knightsbridge, with the Barracks ... ... ... 88 Ladies’ Driving Competition at the Ranelagh Club Lambeth Palace : The Exterior, with St. Mary’s Church „ „ (1) The Chapel ; (2) The Library ,, ,, Prison in the Lollards’ Tower Law Courts. (See Royal Palace of Justice.) Leadenhall Market: Interior... Leicester Square ... Leighton, Lord, House of: Entrance Hall Lincoln’s Inn Chapel ,, „ Fields ,, ,, „ The Royal College of Surgeons Little Stanmore Church... London Bridge, Looking North-West... „ „ „ North-East ... ,, „ View down the Thames from ,, County Council, A Meeting of the ,, Fire Brigade, Headquarters of the „ School Board Offices ... ,, University Long Water, Skating on the Lord Mayor’s Procession in Fleet Street ... Lord’s, Middlesex and Surrey Match at ,, Eton and Harrow Match at ... Ludgate Circus Lyndhurst Road Chapel, Hampstead ... 307 9 124 178 199 264 259 382 110 268 43 i 33 122 68 4G 74 111 3 6 45 281 69 326 32 254 Madame Tussaud’s ... ... ... .. ... ... 265 LIST OF VIEWS. PAGK Mall, The, with Carlton House Terrace ... ... 98 Mansion House, The, at Early Morning ... ... 324 Marble Arch, The ... ... ... ... ... 90 “Marguerite,” The, Leaving Tilburv... . . ... 186 Marlborough House ... ... ... ... ... 154 ,, „ The Drawing-Room ... ... 404 Meat Market, Smithfiei d : Interior ... ... ... 339 Meet of the Coaching Club ... ... ... ... 127 Memorial Fountain in Park Lane ... ... .. 394 ,, Hall, Farringdon Street ... ... ... 353 Mercers’ Hall prepared for a Livery Meeting ... 358 Merchant Taylors’ School: The Great Hall ... 249 ,, „ „ General View ... ... 355 Metropolitan Police Going on Duty... ... ... 406 „ Tabernacle: The Interior ... . 92 Middle Temple Hall: Exterior ... ... ... 70 „ ,, „ Interior ... ... ... 207 Mile F.nd Road ... .. ... ... ... ... 246 Mill Hill School... ... ... ... ... ... 261 Millais, Sir John, House of ... ... ... ... 131 Mint, The Royal ... ... ... .. ... ... 278 Mitcham, “Defoe’s House” near ... ... .. 163 Molesey Weir .. ... ... ... ... ... 231 Monument, The ... ... ... ... ... ... 269 National Gallery, with St. Martin’s Church „ „ of British Art ,, Liberal Club and Whitehall Court „ Portrait Gallery Natural History Museum, South Kensington Nelson Column. (See Trafalgar Square.) Nfav Bridge Street, Blackfrtars „ Scotland Yard Newgate Prison: (i) A Cell; (2) The Galleries ,, „ The “Graveyard” ... ,, „ The Central Courtyard ... „ „ The Chapfl: Interior 7 418 3 2 7 374 11 141 95 66 67 148 149 PAGE Newgate Prison: The Exterior ... ... ... 313 Nonsuch Park ... ... ... ... ... ... 234 Northumberland Avenue, with the Constitutional Club ... ... 203 „ ,, with the Hotel M£tro- pole . 337 Oaks, The, Banstead ... ... .. ... ... 267 “Olde Cheshire Cheese,” Ye ... ... ... ... 229 Olympia ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 310 Oratory, The Brompton : Interior ... ... ... 41 Orleans House, Twickenham ... ... ... ... 330 Ostrich Feathers at the Cutler Street Ware¬ houses ... ... ... ... ... ... 325 Oval, Kennington, Cricket at ... ... ... 350 Oxford Street, Looking East ... .. ... ... 52 „ ., From Regent Circus ... ... 189 Paddington Station ... ... ... ... ... 389 Painters’ Corner, St. Paul’s Cathedral ... .. 430 Palace Gate, Kensington, with Sir John Millais’s House ... ... .. ... ... 131 ,, Theatre ... ... ... ... ... ... 257 Pall Mall, Looking East ... ... ... ... 14 ,, „ The South Side ... ... ... ... 387 Parliament Hill, View from ... ... ... ... 407 ,, Houses of. (See Houses of Parliament.) „ Square, showing the Beaconsfield Statue 331 Paternoster Row ... ... ... ... ... ... 258 Peckham Park ... ... ... ... ... ... 396 People’s Palace: The Exterior ... ... ... 174 „ ,, The Queens’ Hall ... ... ... 175 Piccadilly Circus... ... ... ... ... ... 78 „ with Burlington House ... ... .. 236 ,, with the Green Park ... ... ... 332 Political Demonstration, A, on the Way to Hyde Park ... .. ... . ... ... ... 91 ; LIST OF VIEWS. PAGE PAGE Primrose Hill Priory, The, North Bank (George Eliot’s House) Pro Cathedral, The, Kensington Prussia House, with the Athenaeum Club ... Public Record Office, The New, Chancery Lane ... Putney Bridge Queen Elizabeth’s Lodge, Chingford... „ Victoria Street: Mansion House End ,, ,, „ Western End, with the “Times” Office ... Queen’s Hall, Langham Place ... Ranelagh Club, Ladies’ Driving Competition at the Ratcliff Highway (St. George’s Street) Record Office, The New, Chancery Lane ... Reform Club: The Library Regent Circus and Oxford Street, Looking East... ,, Street (From the Quadrant)... ,, ,, and Waterloo Place... Regent’s Park: The Flower Walk „ ,, The Lake Richard Cceur de Lion, Statue of Richmond: “The Star and Garter ’ ... ,, The Park „ The Lock and Footbridge „ Buccleuch House ... „ View from Richmond Hill ,, The Bridge ... „ The Church ... „ White Lodge „ View from the Terrace Gardens Rossetti’s House in Cheyne Walk, Chelsea Round Pond, Kensington Gardens Royal Academy „ Agricultural Hall. (See Agricultural Hall.) ,, Albert Hall: Exterior... 322 276 io 3 240 244 203 123 56 168 395 3°7 224 244 26 189 106 38 96 372 53 *5 20 i°5 / A i; 222 223 3 6 4 377 Royal Albert Hall: Interior ... ,, Aquarium, Westminster ... „ College of Music, The Old ,, „ ., The New ... ,, ,, ,, The Donaldson Museum „ ,, Science, South Kensington ,, „ Surgeons ,, Colonial Institute, Library of ,, Exchange ... ,, ,, Interior „ Gun Factory, Woolwich Arsenal „ Horticultural Gardens, Chiswick ,, Institution, Faraday’s Table in the ... „ Military Academy, Woolwich ... ,, „ Tournament, Military Pageant at ,, Mint, The ... „ Palace of Justice: The Great Hall... „ ,, „ The Exterior, with Temple Bar Memorial „ „ „ Court of Appeal ... „ United Service Institution Museum ... „ „ „ „ „ Interior Russell Square St. Albans: The Clock Tower... ,, Abbey, from the South-west St. Bartholomew’s Hospital: The Quadrangle ,, ,, The West Entrance St. Bartholomew’s-the-Great : Interior St. Clement Danes’ Church St. George’s Cathedral, Southwark ... „ Chapel, Windsor. ( See Windsor Castle.) 183 15° 342 343 422 209 268 348 I 2 378 429 287 346 242 155 278 109 323 419 204 434 ! 3 « 272 152 172 253 346 3 6 3 162 375 ,, Street (Ratcliff Highway) 224 3 ! 4 St. James's Palace : The Gateway 343 401 >> >> Changing of the Guakd ••• 35 1 >> >> The Chapel Royal •• 384 !9 „ Park: The Lake ... .. I 2 I k LIST OF VIEWS. St. James’s Park : View of the Foreign and India Offices, from „ „ ,, „ Buckingham Palace from „ Street, Piccadilly St. John’s Chapel, Tower of London: Interior „ Gate, Clerkenwell ... St. Joseph’s Retreat, Highgate St. Katharine's Dock St. Margaret’s Church, with Westminster Abbey... St. Martin’s Church, with the National Gallery... St. Martin’s-le-Grand : General View St. Mary-le-Strand Church St. Pancras Church „ Station: The Interior ... „ ,, The Exterior ... St. Paul’s Cathedral: General View ,, „ The Nave „ ,, The Choir and Reredos „ ,, View of, from Bankside ,, ,, View from the Golden Gal¬ lery, looking North-east ,, ,, View from the Golden Gal¬ lery, looking North-west „ „ View from the Golden Gal¬ lery, looking South-west ,. „ View from the Golden Gal¬ lery, looking West ,, ,. Painters’ Corner St. Paul’s School, with the Old “ Red Cow,” Ham¬ mersmith St. Peter’s Chapel. ( See Tower of London.) St. Saviour’s, Southwark... ,, „ The Nave, looking East... St. Stephen’s, Walbrook . . St. Thomas’s Hospital Salvation Army Service, A Savoy Chapel Royal PAGE 4 S 194 416 212 99 188 118 2 33 7 335 3°9 3°3 368 369 5 37 '39 169 296 297 298 398 43 ° 62 354 400 4°3 211 420 I2 5 Scotland Yard, New Scottish Gathering, The, at Stamford Bridge Seven Dials ... Shaftesbury Avenue, from Piccadilly Circus, with the Shaftesbury Memorial Sion House, Isleworth ... Sir John Millais’s House Skating on the Long Water Sloane Square Smithfield Meat Market, In ... Somerset House, from the Victoria Embankment „ „ The Strand Facade South Kensington : The Natural History Museum „ ,, Royal College of Science South Kensington Museum : The Sculpture Hall... Southwark Bridge Road, with Headquarters of the Fire Brigade ... Stafford House, Hall and Staircase of Stamford Bridge, The Scottish Gathering at “Star and Garter,” The, Richmond ... Strand, The, Looking West „ „ with St. Mary’s Church, Looking East Strand-on-the-Green Strathnairn, Lord, Statue of ... Strawberry Hill, Twickenham ... Surgeons, Royal College of Sutton: High Street Swimming at the Kensington Pl t blic Baths ... Synagogue, The Central... 95 347 100 i 79 107 ' 3 ' 45 344 339 2 43 3°9 11 209 171 74 34 ' 347 '5 16 3°9 2 37 366 '57 268 216 423 181 Tate Gallery. (See National Gallery of British Art.) Tattersall’s, A Sale at ... ... ... ... ... 311 Temperance Demonstration at the Crystal Palace 75 Temple : Exterior of the Middle Temple Hall, with Fountain Court ... ... 70 „ Interior of the Middle Temple Hall ... 207 Temple Bar... ... ... ... ... ... ... 161 / LIST OF VIEWS. Temple Bar Memorial, with the Royal Palace of Justice ... Temple Church: The Choir, Looking East .. ,, ,, The Rotunda Thackeray’s House, Palace Gardens ... Thames, Views of the. (See pp. 2, 10, 15, 18, 24, 29, 39, 55’ 68 > 79, 8 9, io 5> 1 °7, >33, M°, '69, 173, 176, 186, 208, 21 r, 222, 225, 231, 237, 245’ 293, 298, 301, 370, 373, 377, 428.) Thames Ditton Tilbury, “La Marguerite” Leaving ... “ Times ” Office, The, and Western End of Queen Victoria Street Tower of London: General View Warders of the Guard. „ ,, St. John’s Chapel JJ V Site of the Scaffold, with St. Peter’s Chapel ,, n Interior of St. Peter’s Chapei „ ,, Traitors’ Gate y > 5* The Regalia Tower Bridge View from The South Bank of the Thames from Trafalgar Square ... „ ,, Looking down Whitehall Traitors’ Gate, Tower of London Treasury, The, Whitehall ,, „ The Old Council Room Tussaud’s, Madame... Twickenham: Eel Pie Island ... ,, The Ferry ., Strawberry Hill... ,, The Parish Church ,, Kneller Hall ,, Orleans House PAGE 323 3° 1 3 ° 228 140 186 168 22 23 21 2 213 345 35 2 405 18 225 3/3 57 153 35 2 13 427 265 29 89 1 5 7 182 214 33 o Union Chapel, Islington : Interior United Service Club University College Uxbridge House P AGE 2 35 158 80 388 Victoria Embankment, from Waterloo Bridge ... 1 ,, „ „ Charing Cross Station 114 „ ,, Westminster Bridge ... 245 Victoria Park ... ... ... ... ... . . 128 ,, Street, Westminster, with the Army and Navy Stores ... ... ... ... 217 Virginia Water : The Cascade ... .. . . .. 63 Waltham Abbey ,, Cross Wanstead Park Warders of the Guard, Tower of London .. Water-Gate, The Old Waterloo Place, with Regent Street „ „ WITH THE AtHEN.'EUM CLUB Water low Park Watford: High Street ... Weavers’ Houses at Bethnal Green ... Wellington Place: Green Park Arch “Welsh Harp,” The Old, Hendon Wentworth Street on Sunday Morning Wesley’s Chapel, City Road West India Import Dock... Westbourne Park Chapel Westminster Abbey: Poets’ Corner ,, ,, The Confessor’s Chapel, with the Shrine „ The Reredos ,, ., The Exterior, from the North „ „ The Nave, Looking East ,, ., Henry the Seventh’s Chapel... Westminster Aquarium 248 221 432 23 28 38 240 385 187 3°6 i44 320 3 1 5 1 *5 7 3 1 1 7 6 34 76 233 333 397 U 0 LIST OF VIEWS. Westminster Bridge ,, ,, Road, with Christ Church „ Hall: Interior ... ., View from the Clock Tower ... Whitchurch. ( S(e Little Stanmore Church.) White Lodge, Richmond ... Whitehall: The Treasury ,, with the Home Office ... ,, with the Royal United Service Insti¬ tution Museum ., View of, from the Clock Tower Whitehall Court, with the National Liberal Club Wickham Court Wimbledon Common Windsor: The Cascade, Virginia Water „ Frogmore Mausoleum Windsor Castle: Distant View ,, ,, St. George’s Chapel : The Choir „ 'The Lower Ward, with St. George’s Chapel 226 3 6 7 381 36-1 1 3 164 204 381 327 196 94 63 263 10 40 44 Windsor Castle: The Royal Kitchen ... ... 83 „ ,, Albert Memorial Chafei, looking West ... .. ... ... 142 ,, ,, Albert Memorial Chapel, looking East. 143 ,, ,, A Near View of the Round Tower 191 ., Queen Elizabeth's Gallery ... 284 ,, ,, The State Dining-Room ... 285 ,, „ The Prison Chamber ... ... 304 ,, ,, Stairs of the Round Tower . 305 Woolwich : Royal Military Academy... ... 242 ,, View of, from the River... ... ... 293 ,, Royal Gun Factory ... . 429 •Worcester” Training Ship, The 176 York Column, 'The, with the Athenaeum Club . . 240 Zoological Gardfns The Lions’ House ., ,, SCENE IN ... 200 201 (9 _V.. * - T jr: 1 jH'.j mji | : it From Photo by Bussc.'l &. Sons, Baker Street, VJ. WAITING FOR THE QUEEN AT BUCKINGHAM PALACE. Our first view shows the State Carriage in the Quadrangle of Buckingham l'alace, ready to receive the gracious lady who is so soon to rejoice in the respectful and affectionate homage of myriads of her delighted subjects, assembled together from every part of the world-wide Empire over which floats the British flag. The eight cream-coloured Hanoverian horses, gay in their golden harness and purple mane-ribbons, are eager and restive, but the signal has not yet been given which will summon them to the Marble Hall, where her Majesty, with their Royal Highnesses the Princess of Wales and Princess Christian, is to enter the conveyance and begin her triumphal progress. From Photo by Frith & Co., Reigate. PREPARING FOR THE START. A Procession made up of so many different elements as that of the 22nd of June obviously needed a great deal of organising, and only the elaborate arrangements carefully made beforehand for every one of its various sections explain the seemliness and precision by which it was marked. The sixteen carriages which are to take part in the great function are here seen assembling, each in its appointed place, in the Quadrangle of the Queen’s residence. Five of them are to convey the foreign envoys, others are occupied, or shortly will be occupied, by members of the Royal Family with their children. The Royal Carriage may be distinguished by its team of eight horses. From Photo by Frith & Co , Reigate. THE ESCORT OF PRINCES LEAVING BUCKINGHAM PALACE. This view presents to us the Escort of Princes leaving Buckingham Palace. They will be followed by the Indian Escort, and then, preceded by Lord Wolseley, the Commander-in-Chief, her Majesty herself will appear. The Princes, who number about fort)', are passing between a guard representing both the combatant services; for on their right are a hundred sturdy blue-jackets, and on their left are men of the 2nd Battalion of the Queen’s Royal West Surrey Regiment. Behind the sailors was a line of Foot Guards, supported in turn by a guard of cavalry. From Pl.oto by Russell & Sons, Baker Street, IV. THE QUEEN'S CARRIAGE LEAVING THE QUADRANGLE, BUCKINGHAM PALACE. Her Majesty is now just entering upon her progress through the mighty city which we, not without reason, style the Queen's London. Attired in a black silk dress and mantle, embroidered with steel and silver, and a bonnet of black lace with embroidery and diamonds, trimmed with a wreath of white acacia, she has taken her seat in the State Carriage, and the Hanoverians are moving out of the Quadrangle to join the Procession in which the Queen will be the supreme and dominating figure. Her Majesty is carrying the white lace parasol presented to her for the occasion by the venerable 11 Father " of the House of Commons, the Right Hon. C. P. Villiers. The Princess of Wales is facing the Queen on the left, Princess Christian on the right. iv From Photo by Russel / & Sons, Baker Street, W. THE QUEENS CARRIAGE LEAVING THE GATEWAY OF THE PALACE. Her Majesty has just passed through the gateway of her London residence into the presence of her loyal subjects, and as she does so, to the music of their cheers, the sun, too genial to withhold his countenance from so joyous a pageant, begins to break through the obscuring clouds. A large crowd has assembled opposite to the gateway, and many of them, no doubt, will wait here until the Queen returns, so as to be able to boast, in years to come, of having witnessed both the beginning and the end of the great event of the annus mirabilis. The Royal Carriage is now making for Constitution Hill ; it will return to the Palace by way of the Mall. Near the gates are stationed a hundred Cadets from the Britannia, and a score of Engineer students lrom Keyham. From Photo by York & Son, Notting Hill, W. THE VICTORIA MOUNTED TROOPS AT THE GREEN PARK ARCH. Following the carriage of the Premier of New South Wales, and preceding that of the Premier of Victoria, the Right Hon. Sir George Turner, K.C.M.G., the splendid body of Mounted Rifles who have come from the other side of the globe to represent the military forces of the latter colony have marched along Constitution Hill, lined with stands thronged by her Majesty’s Civil Servants and their friends, and are now curving round into Piccadilly. The position is one that has commended itself to the crowd, and the guard who are keeping the roadway are finding their task to be something more than a formality Close to the Green Park Arch, which is fulfilling a useful end now that it is supporting something, forms had been placed for the accommodation of some 240 battered veterans from Chelsea Hospital, who were warmly cheered as, early in the morning, they marched to their appointed places. vi From Photo by Symmons «* Co. f Chancery Lane, W.C. THE ROYAL PROCESSION PASSING THE CLUBS The great clubs in Pall Mall vied with each other in the lavishness of their decorations. The stately building nearest to the foreground of our picture is the United Service Club; and never, one may be sure, has it looked more resplendent than it does now. Separated from it by Waterloo Place is the Athenaeum, the foremost of the learned clubs; next to this is the Travellers’, then comes the Reform, the leading Liberal club, and beyond this is its great Conservative rival, the Carlton, all of them making a brave show, thanks to the brilliant toilets of the lady spectators as well as to the decorators' skill. Among the Aides-de-Camp who are passing the United Service Club is the ever-popular Lord Charles Beresford. From Photo by Frith & Co., Reigate. THE PRINCESSES IN PALL MALL. The foremost of the carriages which appear in this view is the thirteenth in order, and it is conveying the Princess Victoria of Wales, the Duchess of \ork, the Princess Henry of Prussia, and the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz past the stand erected on the site of the colonnade of the old Her Majesty's Theatre. The third carriage has just passed Waterloo Place and the Crimean Monument, surmounted by the dignified statue of Victory with laurel wreaths in her hands ; behind this comes the last of the sixteen, that of the Empress Frederick The building bearing the word “Commemoration,” on the other side of Waterloo Place, is the re-constituted Wanderers' Cluo. THE COLONIAL ESCORT IN PALL MALL. From Photo by Symmons & Co., Chancery Lanj, 17. C. This view of the south side of Pall Mall where it merges into Pall Mall East, by which the thoroughfare is continued into Trafalgar Square, shows a section of the Colonial Escort on its way to St. Paul’s, there to await the Royal Procession, and, after the service, to follow in its wake. The band of the London Scottish Rille Volunteers is being led by a Highlander whose burly proportions and martial mien give immense satisfaction to the crowd ; and behind it are marching representatives of various West Indian regiments. a fcratv. M K - 1 -D V 1 it Kg S 33 S FIs ■mm ■■niiin m ■mimiiiH i 1 S From Photo by Symmons & Co., Chancery Lane, IV.C. THE ROYAL CARRIAGE IN PALL MALL. Here we see therQueen’s Carriage passing the spot that is shown in the view on the preceding page. The Prince of Wales and the Duke of Connaught may be distinguished on the right, a little in the rear, so as not to obstruct the view of her Majesty, and the Duke of Cambridge on the left. “ What a waving of handkerchiefs there was ! ” wrote one spectator of the Queen’s reception in Pall Mall and Trafalgar Square. “ How the multitude cheered ! and what a ring of personal love for the Sovereign, and national thankfulness for the blessings of her long reign, w r as in their thrilling plaudits, which continued until her Majesty disappeared down the Strand.” 1 fTTr j 1 fgj P 1 1 . - 1 itS, SL i A p-j 3. r T P V . a if. m !? B S f 1 s 1 4 - 1 fST- From Photo by Russell & Sons, Baher Street, VJ. THE CANADIAN PREMIER IN TRAFALGAR SQUARE. To Sir Wilfrid Laurier, who was accompanied by Lady Laurier, was allotted the place of honour among the Colonial Premiers. During the few weeks of his sojourn in London his keen, distinguished face had become familiar to the man in the street, and the impression which his vigorous personality, his eloquence, and his lofty strain of patriotism had made in the Old Country was evidenced by the ovations he received at many points along the route. He was preceded by an escort of Canadian Mounted Troops, and followed by Xew r South Wales Lancers, in their picturesque felt hats, bearing themselves in the saddle worthily of their reputation as among the finest horsemen in the world. The stand in front of the National Gallery is crowded with peers and peeresses. From Photo by Russsl/ & Sons, Baker Street, 17. THE QUEEN’S CARRIAGE PASSING THE NATIONAL GALLERY. Nowhere along the line of the Procession was there to be witnessed a scene at once so brilliant and so representative as that presented by Trafalgar Square. For here were gathered crowds of her Majesty's undistinguished subjects, some of whom had made sure of their places by camping in the Square all the preceding night. And here, too, was the stand for the Peers of the Realm, faced by lofty pavilions which furnished accommodation for the members of a body which the House of Lords regards with no great favour—the London County Council, to wit. At the further end of the Square the Royal College of Physicians—whose President, Dr. Wilks, F.R S., was one of the Diamond Jubilee Baronets—formed a rallying point for many of the most illustrious members of the medical profession. a 4 THE QUEEN’S CARRIAGE IN THE STRAND. The Royal Carriage has just passed Somerset House (on the left of the picture), and has now reached the church of St. Mary-le-Strand, the roof of which is crowded with spectators, some of them in sufficiently daring positions. Before the west front of the church is Mitchell’s Royal Library Stand, commanding a view of the Strand nearly up to Charing Cross. b£ _ 'H rt £ e ® bo c cJ - ^4 O o U < bo c c O o.c/: £h U x; H fR ; J 1 i rf 3 T -J a cl •J 1 from Photo by the London Stereoscopic Company. THE COLONIAL PROCESSION ARRIVING AT ST. PAUL'S. The Cathedral is here seen as it looked when the Colonial Procession was beginning to arrive. The choir and orchestra are in their appointed places, and the majority of the representative and distinguished persons to whom seats have been allotted on the steps, or on stands at the sides, or under the portico, have arrived ; but the officiating clergy have not yet taken up their position at the centre, where the Queen's carriage is to be drawn up, for there is still some time to wait before Captain Ames will be seen leading the Royal Procession up Ludgate Hill The monotonous front of the huge warehouses on the south-west side of the Cathedral is pleasantly relieved by festoons and bunting, as well as by the gay toilettes of the ladies at the windows. From Photo by Frith & Co., Reigate, THE ROYAL PROCESSION ARRIVING AT ST. PAUL'S. Mounted on his splendid white Arab, and carrying his Marshal’s baton, Field-Marshal Lord Roberts, V.C., the Commander-in-Chief of the Forces in Ireland, has led the Colonial troops, of whom for the occasion he is in command, round the Cathedral to the north side, whence they will fall in behind the Royal Procession when the latter continues its progress. Then he took up the position in which he is seen in our view, facing Ludgate Hill, there to await the Queen’s Procession. The Sheriffs of the City of London, on horseback, have passed him, followed by the equerries, gentlemen-in-waiting, and military attaches to the foreign princes and other dis¬ tinguished personages; and soon Lord Wolseley, the Commander-in-Chief, will be seen breasting Ludgate Hill in front of the Queen’s carriage. The four-storeyed pavilion on the right of the picture represents the spirited but ill-rewarded enterprise of Mr. J. N. Maskelyne. XVI THE THANKSGIVING SERVICE. From Photo by Russell &. Sons, Baker Street, W. Never, probably, since Wren’s great church has crowned the hill of Ludgate has it looked down upon so brilliant and moving a spectacle as that which our picture repro¬ duces. Every part of a mighty Empire, and all the great interests of that Empire, have here their representatives, while prominent in the foreground are some of the foreign princes who have come to join their felicitations to those of the Queen's subjects on this great occasion. In front of her Majesty's carriage are the Arch¬ bishops of Canterbury and York, with the Bishop of London and other dignitaries of the Anglican Church. Elsewhere on the steps are men who stand for the various Nonconformist Churches ; and a special place of honour has been reserv ed for the Archbishop of Finland, w ho represents the Eastern Church The Marquis of Salisbury may just be identified (on the extreme left of the picture) by his Order of the Blue Ribbon XVII From Photo by R. VJ. Thomas, Cheapside, E. C. THE QUEEN'S CARRIAGE ON THE SOUTH-EAST SIDE OF ST. PAUL'S. The great ceremony in front of St. Paul's is over, and her Majesty, still preceded by the Commander-in-Chief, is now passing along the south facade before one of the stands of the City Companies, on her way round the east end of the Cathedral into Cheapside. In the foreground is a fire-engine, horsed and manned ready for any emergency that may arise. Beyond the circular stand which covers the shaft of some subterranean warehouses is Watling Street, one of the oldest of the City thoroughfares, with the Church of St. Augustine-ad-Portam ; and a little further on is the Indian Escort, passing the site of old St. Paul's School, now occupied by a warehouse. From Photo by the London Stereoscopic Company. THE COLONIAL PROCESSION IN THE POULTRY. The Colonial Escort is now following her Majesty towards the Surrey side The New South Wales Mounted Troops, who come first after the Canadian troops, are here at the Poultry end of Cheapside. On the left is the eastern end of Queen Victoria Street, where is a gathering of Bluecoat School (Christ's Hospital) Boys, who have condescended for the occasion to wear caps, to shield themselves from the sun. Many a gorgeous pageant has Cheap looked down upon in its day, forming as it has done the principal approach from the Royal Palaces in the West to the heart of the City; and the balcony which is attached to the tower of Bow Church is a reminiscence of the building called the crown-sild, which stood in front of the old church, and which was occupied on great civic occasions by the Monarch and the Court. XIX THE QUEEN S CARRIAGE APPROACHING THE MANSION HOUSE. Her Majesty has passed along Cheapside, and is now approaching the Mansion House, which, with its fine portico, needing only a flight of steps to complete its effectiveness, lends itself well to decoration. The camera has succeeded in reproducing the loyal fervour of the spectators, among the most enthusiastic of whom must be reckoned the Bluecoat Boys, the guests of the Lady Mayoress. From Photo by H. G. Dorrett, St. John's Hill S. W. AT THE MANSION HOUSE Here we see in progress the pleasing ceremony enacted at the official residence of the Chief Magistrate of the City of London. As soon as the assembled bands had played the National Anthem, the Lord Mayor, Sir George Faudel Phillips, advanced and presented to the Queen the Lady Mayoress, who offered her Majesty a choice bouquet of orchids in a silver basket, designed by her ladyship in the Louis Seize style The Queen accepted the gift with marked pleasure, extended her hand to the Lady Mayoress, who kissed it, and very cordially thanked the Lord Mayor. Then, the National Anthem having been again played, and sung, her Majesty continued her triumphal progress. On the right will be seen an angle of the Bank of England. XXI From Photo by the London Stereoscopic Company. OFFICERS OF THE IMPERIAL SERVICE TROOPS IN KING WILLIAM STREET. The martial bearing and brilliant uniforms of these swarthy warriors from our Indian Empire, and the splendid chargers they so gallantly rode, elicited many expressions of admiration and pride along the line of route. Our photograph shows them marching down King William Street towards London Bridge, headed by Lieut.-Colonel Maharajah Sir Partab Singh, K.C.S.I , Aide-de-Camp to the Prince of Wales, and Regent of Jodhpur, and followed by the carriages containing the foreign Envoys, i he Imperial Service Troops, we may add, have been formed by selection from the armies of the various native States in India, and all told they are about ten thousand strong. XXII From Photo by the London Stereoscopic Company THE COLONIAL PROCESSION PASSING OVER LONDON BRIDGE. In this view we have a pictorial record of the decorations at the south end of London Bridge. The carriage containing two of the Colonial Prime Ministers—the Right Hon. H. Escombe, Premier of Natal, and the Rt. Hon. Sir J. Forrest, Premier of Western Australia—with their wives, has just passed over the bridge and emerged into the Borough High Street. It is followed by Natal Mounted Troops, Rhodesian Horse, Cyprus Zaptiehs, and other representatives of the mounted forces of the Crown Colonies. The gaily-decorated building overlooking the river, with a parapeted roof crowded with spectators, is a block of offices styled Hibernia Chambers; the one next to it, displaying the legend, Coy Uiium, Vita Una, is the Bridge House Hotel. * a. * UBS. { talwj ‘ rjF fcl. *1 i fjf vw bEI x J JB jj7 ; l V'"rv k * V ' T 4wb^>\ &} - j&rjE r From Photo by IV. C. Lamoert, Stroud Green, fJ. THE QUEEN IN ST. GEORGE'S CIRCUS. The Surrey side was no whit behind the Middlesex side in the profuseness of its decorations, and certainly not in the magnitude or the loyal fervour of its crowds. Every window and every roof has its eager spectators, and the broad road on the left of the picture—the London Road—is packed with a dense mass of South Londoners, many of whom must have had their enthusiasm stimulated by their imagination rather than by their vision. In spite of the trying circumstances, it was recorded by the Times that here, as at other congested spots in South London, “all were good tempered and cheerful, and there was a total absence of roughness and bad language.” The obelisk of which such effective use is made in the scheme of decorations commemorates Lord Mayor Brass Crosby, champion of the City in the struggle with the House of Commons, and recalls a time when the populace regarded the Court with feelings very different from those which are being manifested here. :.\iv From Photo by Russell & Sons, Baker Street, W. COLONIAL TROOPS ON WESTMINSTER BRIDGE. A detachment of the troops forming the Colonial Escort has just reached the Middlesex end of Westminster Bridge, and is passing the stand on the Speaker’s Green, thronged with Members of the House of Commons and their lady relatives and friends. The situation of these privileged persons was an enviable one, for not only had they a superb view of the pageant, with special facilities for gaining access to New Palace Yard, but while waiting for the Procession they were able to roam at their pleasure about St Stephen's Palace and its precincts, whenever they tired of surveying the animated scene spread out before them It will be observed that the great warehouses that line the river, and also the craft on the water, are being utilised as view-points. XXV From Photo by Russell & Sons, Baker Street, W. THE ESCORT OF PRINCES PASSING THE HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT. The Escort of Princes was regarded with curiosity as well as with admiration, for many of the members of the group were quite unknown to the populace. It, however, included personages so familiar to an English crowd as the Duke of York and the Marquis of Lome. Among many Continental princes, Prince Ferdinand of Bulgaria and Prince Danilo of Montenegro were, perhaps, the most observed. The Far East was represented by the Crown Prince of Siam and Prince Arisugawa of Japan; Persia by Prince Amir Khan ; and Egypt by Prince Mohammed Ali. Our view shows the Procession at one of the most interesting spots on the route, just as, having passed New Palace Yard, crowded with Parliamentary officials and others, it is turning from Bridge Street into Parliament Street. XXVI From Photo by Russell &. Sons, Baker Street, IV. THE NAVAL FIELD BATTERY IN WHITEHALL. To the Naval Field Battery, as representing the Senior Service, was accorded the honour of heading the Royal Procession. First, however, comes Captain Ames, the tallest man in the British Army, riding a superb charger ; four troopers of the gallant officer’s regiment, the 2nd Life Guards, follow ; and after them comes a Naval Field Battery of six twelve-pounder quick-firing guns, manned by seven chief and first-class petty officers and 144 seamen. This, of course, proved an exceedingly popular feature of the display, for never was Britain prouder of its Navy than it is to-day An advanced guard of the 2nd Life Guards is just emerging from Parliament Street into broad Whitehall. The parapet visible on the right of the picture is that of the Treasury; the lofty roofs on the left are those of New Scotland Yard. XXV11 From Photo by Russell & Sons, Baker Street, W. TROOPS TURNING INTO THE HORSE GUARDS GATEWAY. Here we see a section of the troops who formed part of the Royal Procession turning out of Whitehall into the Horse Guards, on their way to the Mall and so back to Buckingham Palace The roadway above the Horse Guards is packed with sightseers; hundreds are enjoying the scene from the huge pavilion on the eastern side of the thoroughfare, and every window has its group of spectators. But on the broad pavement there is no lack of moving space. The classica building on the right is now the Museum of the Royal United Service Institution ; and it was from one of its windows, probably one of those on the street side, that a predecessor of her Majesty, who unwittingly did his best to destroy the sentiment of lovalty among Englishmen, stepped forth to submit his neck to the headsman s axe. xxviii From Photo by Russell & Sons, Baker Street, VJ. TROOPS RETURNING TO BUCKINGHAM PALACE. \Yc have here another view of the entrance to Buckingham Palace, showing troops passing through it on the return from their march through the capital. The picture offers a presentation of the beauties of St. James's Park, with its wealth of foliage, its pleasant undulations, and its charming lake, as well as of the great public buildings which look down upon it from Westminster. In the middle appear the twin towers of the Abbey; on the left the Clock Tower, on the right the Victoria Tower, of the Houses of Parliament, the latter flying a flag, rear their lofty heads, while the lovely spire of the central tower, that of St. Stephen, is to be seen midway between them. The huge block which affronts the sky on the right of the Victoria Tower styles itself Queen Anne's Mansions. ; -a o m> £ g to rt ^ fe o o i CO CO C Z ^ j M'S * r G ^8 - '5 o« CO D O cc o aj > 'S rt MS D O 73 o o J= 3 LU H < CD Q 3 UJ • — 1 t! <-> Q Z Z3 o CE < §: A o DC o LU I O -S * c ‘C >» •a K ui c rt U rt „ co 5 J3 pS t: .s5 i- o JJ c c: <0 ii O ■S -o P £ aj G to ^ -C a) a> ^ ^ 'S rt i .c £ C/) £ x x x From Photo by R. W. Thomas, Cheapside, E.C. DECORATIONS IN ST. JAMES'S STREET. Charming as was the aspect presented by many of the streets along the line of Procession, none of them was bedecked so richly and harmoniously as St. James's Street, leading from Piccadilly down to Pall Mall. At the top and at >m of the street stood a pair of gilt Corinthian columns, one of which appears in the picture ; on either side of the thoroughfare, at short intervals, were white masts adorned with clusters of natural flowers, and surmounted by a crown ; and from the tops of these masts floral festoons spanned the roadway, forming a support for quite a network of garlands. mi Photos l 7 , J. Bulbeck & Co., Strand, W C. ; 2, R. W. Thomas, Cheapside, E C. DECORATIONS AT THE CARLTON CLUB AND AT MARLBOROUGH HOUSE. The two last of our Diamond Jubilee views show the chief Conservative Club and the entrance to the Trince ot Wales’s London residence gay with evergreens and bunting. In the carriage which is passing through the sentinel- guarded gateway of Marlborough House are the children of their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of \oik. From Photo by York & Son, Notting Hill, W. THE VICTORIA EMBANKMENT, FROM WATERLOO BRIDGE. The Victoria Embankment, as viewed from Waterloo Bridge, quite surpasses anything that is seen beside the Seine or the Tiber. Its magnificent sweep from the Houses of Parliament to St. Paul's is one of the finest sights in the whole of London, and cannot fail to impress every observer. Cityward the most noticeable building is Somerset House, with its fine fa9ade of 780 feet, and beyond this lie the Offices of the London School Board, the Temple Library, Sion College Library, and the City of London School, &c. The Embankment itself, the greatest achievement of the late Metropolitan Board of Works, cost nearly two millions, and its construction occupied six years—1864-70. From Photo by York & Son, Hotting Hill, IV. THE HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT. To gain the best view of the Houses of Parliament it is necessary to venture upon the Thames. This new Palace of Westminster dates from 1840; and Sir Charles Barry's designs were adopted in preference to ninety-six other plans submitted in competition. It belongs to the Tudor style of architecture, and is highly ornate. The Houses cover eight acres, boast more than 1,100 rooms, and have cost some three millions. The Clock Tower is easily distinguishable, and is 318 ft. high, or 18 ft. more than the Middle Tower, while the Victoria Tower is 340 ft. in height. Through the Victoria Tower the Queen passes when she opens Parliament, and beyond it will be noticed the towers of Westminster Abbey. By the riverside is the Terrace, where, in summer, legislators seek fresh air and entertain ladies at afternoon tea. From Photo by York & Son, Notting Hill, W. ST. STEPHEN'S HALL. Visitors to the Central Hall of the Houses of Parliament, whither they go in search of Lords or Commons, are familiar enough with St. Stephen's Hall, through which they have to pass, or in which they have to wait for admission to the Strangers' Gallery on a full night in the Lower House. It stands on the site of St Stephen's Chapel, which was built not far short of 600 years ago, and was once the meeting place of the Commons. The statues on either side of the Hall are marble effigies of celebrated statesmen. On the south side (the right in our view) are Hampden, Selden, Walpole, Chatham, Pitt, and Grattan ; on the north, Clarendon, Falkland, Somers, Mansfield, Fox, and Burke. The handsome doors at either end swing between niches containing statues of early English Sovereigns and their queens. 3 From Photo by York & Son , Hotting Hill, W. THE HORSE GUARDS. It must be a painful ordeal at first to shy Life Guardsmen, if any such there be, to act as sentinel at the entry to the Commander-in-Chief’s office; for the curious generally halt to take stock of them, and audibly to criticise them, and when they are relieved a crowd is invariably attracted. The building is picturesque from its very com¬ plexity. It was erected in 1753, on the site of an old Tilt-j'ard, and owes its name to the fact that it w r as once used as a guard-house for the palace of Whitehall. The short cut through the archwaj- from Whitehall to St. James’s Park is much used by pedestrians, but only royal and privileged carriages are permitted to pass through. The War Office, of course, is in Pall Mall. 4 From Photo by Frith & Co., Reigat •> ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL. This noble Cathedral is the third largest church in Christendom, being only surpassed by St. Peter's at Rome and the Cathedral at Milan. The old Cathedral was burnt in 1666, and the first stone of the one designed by Sir Christopher Wren was laid in 1675. divine service being celebrated twenty-two years later. The great architect is buried in the east end of the crypt. The building cost, according to Milman, /73b,750, and not only was it virtually completed by one architect and under one bishop, but the same master-builder who laid the first stone also laid that crowning the cupola. The great dome is 112 feet in diameter, 27 feet less than that of St. Peter s. The Cathedral is 500 feet in length, and the height to the top of the cross from the road is 370 feet. A * From Photo by York & Son, Nottino Hill. W. POETS - CORNER, WESTMINSTER ABBEY. Addison wrote of \V estminster Abbey that “ in the poetical quarter ” he found “ there were poets who had no monuments, and monuments which had no poets.” The Poets' Corner in the South Transept of the Abbe)' was not appropriated to its peculiar purpose until Spenser had been buried near Chaucer’s remains. Here are monu¬ ments to Shakespeare, Milton (who asked "What needs my Shakespeare for his honour'd bones The labour of an age in piled stones? "), Beaumont, Ben Jonson, Butler, Dryden, Addison, Samuel Johnson, Goldsmith, and nearly all the greatest English poets and prose writers, although some of them are buried else¬ where Room has also been found for memorials of men like Handel and David Garrick, who won distinction in other walks. 6 Front Photo by York and Son, Nottmg Hill, W. THE NATIONAL GALLERY. WITH ST. MARTIN'S CHURCH The National Gallery, concerning the merits or demerits of which such strong opinions are expressed by architectural critics, is Grecian in style, and Wilkins was responsible for the design. This gallery was built in 1832—8, to receive the pictures of which the nucleus had been formed in 1824 , after twenty-two years, the structure was considerably enlarged, and the facade is now 460 feet in length To the right, in our view, is the church of St. Martins-in-the-Fields. which boasts a Grecian portico of quite unusual beauty. It was built in 1721-6 by Gibbs, on the site of an earlier church ; and in the old churchyard lies buried Nell Gwynne, under whose bequest the fine bells are rung every week 7 From Photo by York & Son, Notting Hill, W THE CUSTOMS HOUSE. between London Bridge and the Tower, and having, separating it from the Thames, a broad quay that was for long almost the only riverside walk in London open to the "f ! 16 ustoms House. Five earlier buildings on the same site were destroyed by fire, and the present structure was erected in 1814-17, the fine facade being esi^ne^ \ Sir R. Smirke Some 2,000 officials are employed at the Customs House, and in its famous Long Room alone—190 ft. by 66 ft.—eighty clerks are , a ltaa ■' e " gage This is not surprising, for the trade of the Port of London is by far the greatest of any port in the world. The building, which is entered Irom Lower ihames Street, contains an interesting Smuggling Museum. 8 r From Photo by York Sl S^n, Sotting Hill, W. LAMBETH PALACE, WITH ST. MARYS CHURCH, FROM THE SUSPENSION BRIDGE Just east of Lambeth Bridge, on the south side of the Thames, is the Palace that for six centuries and more has been the London residence of the Archbishops of Canterbury. What is commonly called the Lollards’ Tower was used as a prison, and the followers of Wycliffe were not the only persons who experienced its rigours. Lovelace here found that " stone walls do not a prison make.” The Chapel is the oldest part of the Palace, having been built in 1245, and its windows and screen were presented by Laud. Various great ecclesiastics have added to the pile, which architecturally is of uncommon interest The Lollards' Tower is on the left in our view ; the Library is seen in the middle, with a lantern springing from the roof ; the building on the right is the pa.rish church St Mary s. From Photo by York & Son, Notting Hill, W. WINDSOR CASTLE: DISTANT VIEW. From no point of view does Windsor Castle seem to possess nobler proportions than from the river Thames, as all who are in the habit of boating in the neighbourhood well know. The various buildings, which are in reality scattered here and there, are massed together against the sky, and the Castle looks like one vast structure, dominated by the Round Tower. From the river stretches the Home Park, the trees of which grow to the very foot of the Castle on its eastern side. It was not far from here that the poet Denham wrote of “ Thames, most loved of all old Ocean's sons.” On a calm evening the music of the regimental band is sometimes heard stealing through the still air by pleasure-seekers on the river. to iSiS-ji!! MkU4?l From Photo by Cassell & Co., Um. THE NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM, SOUTH KENSINGTON. A high place among the fine public buildings in South Kensington must be given to the Natural History Museum, which faces Cromwell Road. Mr. Waterhouse, R.A , was the architect, and the erection occupied the years 1873-80. The structure is Romanesque in style, and the terra-cotta facade is, with good reason, greatly admired. The Museum is 675 ft. in length, and the towers which rise from the wings are 192 ft. high. Hither were brought the Natural History collections of the British Museum, in order to relieve in some measure the congested condition of the national institution in Bloomsbury. Considering the popularity of such collections, it is not surprising that the annual number of visitors to the Natural History Museum should be over 400,000. From Photo by York & Son, Notting Hill, W. THE ROYAL EXCHANGE. Few edifices in London are more imposing than the Royal Exchange, with its stately Corinthian portico. It was built by Tite in 1842-4, on the site of Gresham’s Exchange. In the tympanum is a group representing the Sovereignty of Commerce, while below are inscribed the words “ The earth is the Lord s, and the fulness thereof.” Business is transacted in the building of an afternoon, the attendance being greatest on Tuesdays and Fridays. On the left of the Royal Exchange is the Bank of England, at one end of Threadneedle Street. The equestrian statue in front represents Wellington, and is an excellent specimen of Chantrey s work. The open space bounded by the Exchange, the Bank, and the Mansion House is perhaps the busiest in all the City. From Photo by York <& Son, Hotting Hill, W. THE TREASURY, WHITEHALL. In the broadest part of Whitehall, just south of the Horse Guards, is the Treasury, which was originally built by Sir John Soane, but has been altered and provided with a new facade by Sir Charles Barry, the designer of the Houses of Parliament. It is a handsome, substantial pile, and is a hundred yards in length. Within are the offices of several Government departments, including the Privy Council and the Treasury (of which the Prime Minister for the time being is usually, though not invariably, First Lord). The street seen to the left in our view is Downing Street, which leads to the house that Mr. Gladstone and other Premiers have successively occupied. 11 From Photo by York & Son, Notting Hill, W. PALL MALL, LOOKING EAST. Pall Mall is the heart of Club land, and is unique in character and associations. On the south side, at the corner of Waterloo Place, is the Athenaeum Club; and beyond this are the Travellers', the Reform, and the Carlton Clubs, the War Office, Marlborough House, and St. James’s Palace ; while, on the opposite side, are more clubs— notably the Junior Carlton and the Army and Navy. The name is a corruption of “pail mail,” a game not unlike croquet, introduced into this country by Charles I For hundreds of years the district has been a fashionable promenade; and its "sweet shady side” has been sung by the poet. Our view shows it on a Levee day, when a crowd always assembles opposite St. James’s Palace, and a special force of constables is required to regulate the traffic. From Photo by York A Son, Notting Hill, IV. THE “STAR AND GARTER, RICHMOND Just as the river is the most conspicuous object in the view from the “Star and Garter," so the “ Star and Garter” is the most conspicuous object in the view from the river. This well-known hostelry is built above the terrace on Richmond Hill, close to the principal entrance to Richmond Park It literally towers on its proud eminence above the finely timbered slopes, and can be seen for many a mile around. The “Star and Garter” was even more famous, perhaps, a generation or two ago, when Richmond, to quote Mr. Meredith, was “the Cockney Paradise,” than it is now. Dickens and Thackeray were very fond of the hotel; and here for twenty years the former celebrated the anniversary of his wedding. It was here, also, that Louis Philippe stayed with his family when in England. From Photo by York & Son, Notting Hill, W. THE STRAND, LOOKING WEST. No better idea of the Strand can be obtained than from the church of St. Mary-le-Strand, whence this view is taken. On the left is the entrance to Somerset House, used as Government offices, and erected by Sir William Chambers in 1776-86, in place of the old palace begun by the Protector Somerset. A little further west is \\ ellington Street, bisecting the Strand, and affording access to Waterloo Bridge At the far end of the houses is seen the Nelson monument in Trafalgar Square. The Strand is the southern main artery from the City to the West End, and is always crowded with traffic, especially when the theatres which abound in the neighbourhood are being emptied of their patrons The thoroughfare, which is here shown at its broadest, owes its name to the fact that the Thames formerly flowed close beside it. t6 ~eefe*t ■ret ogew rer • We? ye ... «•' ■RS8P0BSS35, ■il «•• «•* "> 5«n. Sfig itgL Eg. ■?*!» It«i<" IktitiiUi From Photo by Ncgretti «SL Z am bra, Crystal Pa! act. THE CRYSTAL PALACE. Built of the materials that housed the Great Exhibition of 1S51 in Hyde Park, the Crystal Palace at Sydenham cost no less than a million and a half sterling. It is com¬ posed entirely of glass and iron, and was designed by Sir Joseph Paxton. The Palace from its lofty eminence is visible for miles in every direction. Its principal hall, or nave, is 1,608 feet long, while the central transept is 390 feet long by 120 feet broad, and rises to a height of 175 feet. On either side of the Palace are the water towers, each 282 feet high, and these add greatly to the general effect, best appreciated from the delightful grounds, which cover in all some 200 acres. Our view shows the Upper Terrace, the Central Transept, and the northern Water Tower From Photo, by York & Son, Notting Hill, W. THE TOWER BRIDGE. Further communication across the Thames at this point had been urgently needed for many years. The necessary Act was passed in 1885, the foundation-stone laid by the Prince of Wales on June 21, 1886, and the work completed, at a cost of about a million sterling, in 1894. This bridge, designed by Mr. Wolfe Barry, is of some¬ what peculiar construction, the low-level passage being on the “ bascule ” principle: i.e. the centre span of 200 feet is divided in two, each half being pivoted and furnished with a counterpoise, and hauled upward and back against the towers when the waterway is opened. A high-level footway only is also carried across nearly at the top of the towers, access to this being afforded by lifts in the latter. The side spans are on the suspension principle. 18 From Photo by York A. Son, Notting Hill, IV. THE ROYAL ALBERT HALL. The Royal Albert Hall of Arts and Sciences—to give this huge structure its full title—is chiefly used for concerts. Its dimensions are 270 ft. by 240 ft., with a circumference of 810 ft., so it is not surprising that upwards of 8,000 people can be accommodated within its walls. The building is Italian Renaissance in style, and was designed by Messrs. Fowke & Scott, being completed in 1871. Its ornamentation of coloured brick and terra-cotta is most effective, and the frieze, representing the nations of the world, is well worthy of the famous artists who were engaged upon it. Half of the cost of the building, or £ 100,000, was defrayed by public subscription, and /5°, 0 °o was contributed out of the profits of the Great Exhibition of 1851. From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. RICHMOND PARK. Richmond Park, which extends over 2,255 acres and has a circumference of nearly eight miles, is one of the most popular resorts of Londoners. Its wildness and its undulating slopes constitute a great charm, and much of its scenery is with propriety desciibed as sylvan The grandeur of its trees may be gathered from the above picture, and it boasts an additional attraction in the great herds of deer that roam at large through its green pastures and beside its still waters. These deer are, for the most part, very tame, and gladly take food from the hands of kindly visitors. His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge holds the office of Ranger oi the Park. 20 From Photo by Cassell &. Co., lim. THE IMPERIAL INSTITUTE. The Imperial Institute at South Kensington was built with the twofold object of celebrating the Queen's Jubilee and cementing the British Empire. Her Majesty in person both laid the foundation stone of this splendid building in 1887, and declared it open in 1S93. The architect (Mr T. E. Colcutt) was inspired by Tennyson's words: Raise a stately memorial, Make it really gorgeous, Some Imperial Institute, Rich in symbol, in ornament, Which may speak to the centuries." In design the Institute is Renaissance, freely treated. The main entrance is particularly fine, and the interior is worthy the exterior. Altogsther the bail lings occupy two acres. In the winter months the public is admitted free to the Collections Galleries ; and the attractions of the Institute are enhanced by concerts, lectures, etc. 21 ifitlt-V From Photo by York & Son, Notting Hill, W. THE TOWER OF LONDON. Although Shakespeare asserts that Julius Caesar began the building of the Tower of London, the oldest part of it now extant is the White Tower, which easily dominates the rest of the structure. This White Tower, or Keep, was erected by William the Conqueror in 107S, is 92 ft. high, and has walls 13-14 ft. thick. The Tower generally, which lies outside the old city, is the most famous fortress in the world, but from time to time it has undergone great transformations. Once it was a ro\ai palace, then, the chief State prison; and now it serves as a Government arsenal and barracks, as well as a public show place. The view from outside the moat here presented enables the extent of the buildings, covering 13 acres, to be well appreciated. 22 From Photo by Yorh A Son, Sotting Hill, IV. WARDERS OF THE GUARD. In very welcome contrast to the sober grey of the Tower of London is the bright red uniform of its warders—the Warders of the Guard. These men are commonly called “ Beefeaters," a title as to the derivation of which etymologists d me explain it as a corruption of •• buffetiers," or waiters at the royal buffet; others trace it to the rations of beef formerly served out to the men while on duty. Be this as it may, the Warders of the Guard are veterans who have all more or'less distinguished themselves on the field of battle. On State occasions they sometimes constitute a picturesque guard of honour ; and at the opening of each new Session of Parliament a body of them searches the cellars of the Houses of Parliament as a precaution against any " gunpowder treason and plot." -■--- - h -.n GREENWICH HOSPITAL Greenwich Hospital occupies the site of a royal palace erected early in the fifteenth century on the south bank of the Thames four miles below London Bridge. To students of Inigo Jones and Sir Christopher Wren the Hospital is of great architectural interest. It consists of four quadrangles, and is best seen from the river, whence the less worthy portions are invisible. “ William and Mary deserve the credit of rebuilding the palace, and of converting it, 200 years ago, into a refuge for decrepit and disabled seamen In the present reign, however, in the year 1871, the pensioners made way under an Admiralty scheme for naval cadets, who are here educated. The Painted Hall, the Nelson relics, and the ship models, regularly draw to the Hospital troops of visitors. 74 From Photo by Cassell A Co., Urn. HOLLOWAY GAOL. Her Majesty’s prison at Holloway is an imposing building, modern in date and castellated in design, with excellently arranged accommodation. It is the chief gaol for London and the county of Middlesex, and is constantly in evidence owing to the fact that prisoners awaiting trial are thither sent. Holloway Gaol also offers hospitality to debtors, to female convicted prisoners, and to a few special offenders, such as those who have committed contempt of court. It is a curious sight to see the women who have served their sentences discharged from the main gate, shown above. Lieut.-Colonel E S. Milrnan combines in his person two offices, being Governor of both Holloway and Newgate prisons. Pentonville Prison is less than half a mile distant *s From Photo by Cassell & Co- Um. THE REFORM CLUB: THE LIBRARY. Ihe most influential of the Liberal clubs was founded by the Right Hon. Edward Ellice in 1836, and the splendid clubhouse in Pall Mall, south side, was opened five years later. Barry was the architect, his design being based on that of the Farnese Palace at Rome. The promoters of the Club intended that it should become famous, not only as a political centre, but also for its books, its comfort, and its cookery, and in all these directions their ambition has been amply realised. The Library occupies a handsome room that originally served as a drawing-room : and the collection of books, particularly those dealing with political and parliamentary subjects, is wonderfully comprehensive. About a thousand volumes are added every year ; and the library committee includes many distinguished men. c6 THE OLD SCHOOL HARROW. Among the public schools of England, Harrow occupies a position second only to Eton. The pious founder was a yeoman named John Lyon, and he established the school as a Free Grammar School in 1571 The fourth-form room—the original schoolroom of Lyon’s foundation -is the largest of the lot, and on the oak panelling, or on the old forms which are still used, may be seen the names of Byron, Sir Robert Peel, Temple, afterwards Lord Palmerston, and of many other Harrovians known to fame, cut with a pen-knife. The newer school buildings, of red brick, cluster round the old school, and are familiar enough to visitors to the pleasant Middlesex village set on a hill. The present head-master of Harrow is the Rev. J E C Welldon, a gentleman of quite exceptional energy. 27 ? L SlS* A# —fr ^ frW - ( |l —■ > • *^35 I jtgyff'fi t j n 1 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Urn- THE OLD WATER GATE. in a corner of the public gardens on the Victoria Embankment, at the foot of Buckingham Street, is the ancient Water Gate to York House, a mansion begun by Inigo Jones for the first Duke of Buckingham. It is a beautiful monument of the famous architect’s skill, and can challenge comparison with similar work by any of the Italian masters. This old Water Gate is the earliest ornamental archway in London. It is interesting, moreover, as showing the former level of the Ihames. Ihis part of town was a very different place once, when the nobles fancied it for their mansions, or even prior to the making of the Embankment, when it was regularly, lapped by the tide. From Photo by Cassell A Co., Lim. EEL PIE ISLAND. Eel Pie Island is familiar ground to those who frequent the River Thames in the neighbourhood of Twickenham. The island, on which is an inn, is situated just above the famous Twickenham Ferry, and rising behind is seen St. Mai 1 rburton's monument to Pope, and where Kitty Clive lies buried. Twicken¬ ham once belonged to Sir Francis Bacon, and its literary associations are innumerable. Pope lived for nearly thirty years at Twickenham, and died there, a short distance above Eel Pie Island. But the poet’s home was destroyed early in the present century, and his much-talked-of grotto underwent drastic alterations. Orleans House, and Strawberry Hill, Walpole's well-known villa, are not far off. 20 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. INTERIOR OF THE TEMPLE CHURCH, LOOKING EAST. The old church of the Knights Templars—St. Mary’s—is built after the fashion of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem. The view given above is tak’en from the Norman rotunda, where are the Templars’ monuments, and shows the handsome Early English choir, 58 feet by 82 feet, which was added some fifty-five years after the rotunda, in 1240. The choir (which is owned by the legal corporations known as the Inner and Middle Temple) is not open to the general public during the services. These services are very popular, for the clergy associated with the Temple are generally distinguished men, and the music is invariably fine. 1 he Church stands in the Inner Temple, which is within the precincts of the City. It was restored 1837-42 at a cost of some £~o,oco. 3° From Photo by Mr. C. Dixon, Kensington. HOLLAND HOUSE, KENSINGTON: THE SOUTH FRONT. Holland House, a splendid specimen of an old English mansion, was built in 1607, but the terrace is of modern construction. It was originally the seat of the Holland family ; later it was bought by Henry Fox, and in him the title of Lord Holland was revived. One of his descendants, Lord Ilchester, now owns Holland House, which for its literary associations stands supreme among such London residences. It was here that Joseph Addison lived, and wrote his Spictiitoi articles in the library, and that Charles James Fox spent his early days; and its celebrity culminated in the time of the third Lord Holland, when Rogers, Macaulay, Byron, and Moore, to mention a few among many, were constant visitors. Holland House lies midway between the Kensington and L xbridge Roads. 31 C / 7 From Photo by York & Son, Notting Hill, IV. LUDGATE CIRCUS. One of the busiest spots in the City is Ludgate Circus, where meet Fleet Street, Ludgate Hill, Farringdon Street, and New Bridge Street. As may be seen from our view, the stately dome and towers of St. Paul's Cathedral are conspicuous objects from the Circus, although the railway bridge and the slender steeple of St. Martin s—one of Wren’s churches—obstruct the view. The name Ludgate is derived from an old gate—" the sixth and principal gate of London,” says Stow in his Survey which was taken down in 1760. Antiquaries, however, differ as to whether the gate was built by a King Lud, who flourished b.c. 6G (as Spenser has it in the " Faery Queen ”), or whether the word is merely a corruption of Floodgate or Fleetgate. 32 LONDON BRIDGE, LOOKING NORTH-WEST. The most noticeable thing about London Bridge is the enormous traffic over it—now, however, appreciably relieved by the Tower Bridge, a little further east. London Bridge is only 54 feet broad, so that it is not surprising that many projects for widening should have been discussed. The first bridge over the Thames at this point was built about a.d. 994 : the first stone one was finished in 1208. Since then the bridge has often been the scene of fighting and tumult, as well as of state pageants. In Eliza¬ beth's reign it was restored ; afterwards the horrid custom grew up of exposing upon it the heads of traitors. The present bridge was commenced under Rennie in 1824. and cost £506,000. l’> From Photo by York &, Son, Notting Hill, W. WESTMINSTER ABBEY: EDWARD THE CONFESSOR'S CHAPEL, WITH THE SHRINE. This, the most famous of the chapels of Westminster Abbey, is immediately behind the High Altar. Edward the Confessor was the founder of the present Abbey, and his shrine was built by Henry III., but only the marble basement of the original structure remains. The chapel also contains the tombs of Henry III., Edward I., Edward III., Richard II., and Henry V., and of six queens. The Coronation Chair (on the left) was made for Edward, and encloses the celebrated stone on which first the Irish and then the Scottish kings were crowned. Since the time of Edward 1 ., who brought the stone to London in 1297, the chair has been used at every coronation. That to the right was made for the use of Queen Mary when she and William of Orange were crowned. From Photo by York & Son, Sotting Hill, W. CHELSEA HOSPITAL. Untrustworthy tradition has it that Nell Gwynne induced Charles II. to begin building this vast structure ; but, however this may be, a Start was certainly made with it in that monarch’s reign by Wren. It stands on the site of a famous college, is on the north bank of the Thames, not far from Chelsea Bridge, and was completed during the reign of William and Mary. The Hospital serves as a refuge for veteran invalid soldiers. Within its wall 540 pensioners are sheltered, and some 85,000 others receive outdoor help from its resources. The inmates, as here depicted, wear a characteristic dress. Portions of the institution and the gardens are open to the public ; and in the gardens is an obelisk which perpetuates the memory of officers and men v. | hed at Chilianwalla, in 1849, in one of the Indian campaigns. 35 From Photo by York & Son, Notting Hill, IV. LONDON UNIVERSITY. London University faces Burlington Gardens, and lies at the back of the Royal Academy. Although founded in 1836, the University had no habitation of its own until the erection thirty-three years later of the present building, after designs by Pennethorne. The facade of this Renaissance structure is very striking, and the statues with which it is decorated are noteworthy. The figures over the portico are those of Milton, Newton, Harvey, and Bentham, representing the faculties of arts, science, medicine, and law, in which the University grants degrees. The rest of the statues in the series are counterfeit presentments of other great men of various nationalities, from the time of Plato to that of Sir Humphry Davy. Inside the building are a large theatre and many spacious rooms. 3^ From Photo by York and Son, Notting Hill, W. THE ALEXANDRA PALACE. What the Crystal Palace has been to the south, it was thought the Alexandra Palace would prove to the north, of London. The former was built of the materials used for the Exhibition of 1851 ; the latter, of those employed for the Exhibition of 1862. A superb site, north of Hornsey and east of Muswell Hill, was chosen for it, and it was opened in May, 1873. Fourteen days later the building was burnt down ; and, Phoenix-like, the present structure rose from its ashes, being finished in just under two years. It is very fine in its way, and contains all manner of courts and a fine concert-hall. The grounds, too, with their ornamental water, are delightful. But for some years now, with the exception of an occasional short season, the Palace has unfortunately been closed. B- 37 From Photo by York & Son, Notting Hill, W. REGENT STREET AND WATERLOO PLACE. Regent Street, one of the finest thoroughfares in all London, was made in 1S13 to connect the now destroyed Carlton House, then the residence of the Prince Regent (afterwards George IV ), with Regent’s Park; and the above view, taken from below Regent Circus, better known as Piccadilly Circus, shows the southern portion. Across Pall Mall is seen Waterloo Place, from which rise the Crimean monument and the York column, the latter surmounted by a statue of George III.’s second son; while beyond is St. James's Park. On the left of our view are the Junior United Service and Raleigh Clubs. Regent Street, as a whole, is famous for its shops, which are much frequented of an afternoon by ladies on purchases intent; and innumerable carriages and public vehicles pass along it in an almost continuous stream. 38 From Photo by Cassell A Co., Urn. THE BOAT RACE, FROM BARNES BRIDGE. As a general rule, the result of the Oxford and Cambridge boat race is a foregone conclusion by the time that the rival eights have reached Barnes, which is always more thronged than any other place along the course. Our view is taken from the London and South-Western railway bridge, to which the public are admitted on payment. The racing boats are closely followed by the umpire’s launch, whence proceeds the smoke obstructing the view of those on the Press boat and on the 'Varsity steamers. The building with the tower, to the right, was formerly the country house of the Lyric Club ; and the captive balloon owes its elevation to the enterprise of some advertiser. 39 Tf* 1 mi Wtm / ; y f. m r _.V* rf w f I'l d ' 4, r 1 V. From Photo by York & Son, Notting Hill, W. ST. GEORGES CHAPEL, WINDSOR: THE CHOIR. How richly adorned is the choir of St. George’s Chapel at Windsor Castle may be gathered from this picture, which shows the splendid carved stalls of the Knights of the Garter, and above them the Knights’ banners, emblazoned with armorial bearings, and drooping over their swords, mantles, and crests. The brass plates which are visible below, constitute a record of the living and dead members of this illustrious Order. The Sovereign and princes of the blood have stalls, resplendent in purple and gold, under the organ gallery; and in the centre of the choir is the vault containing the remains of Henry VIII , Jane Seymour, and Charles I. The east window is a memorial to Prince Albert, designed by Sir Gilbert Scott; below it is an elaborate alabaster reredos. 40 From Photo by Cassell A Co., Urn. BROMPTON ORATORY. The Oratory at Brompton is one of the most splendid churches in London, and by far the most impressive of all those in the metropolis belonging to the Roman Catholics. It is situated in the Brompton Road, east of the South Kensington Museum. Italian Renaissance in style, the church of the Oratory is remarkable for its superb marble columns and altar rails, its vaulted dome, its mosaics, and its carvings in wood and stone. The Lady Chapel, however, is its chief glory ; here the altar and reredos, inlaid with precious stones, are said to have cost at least /i2,ooo. When the interior walls are all decorated, the Oratory will have still greater claiinu upon general admiration B 3 ? From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. HATFIELD HOUSE: THE SOUTH FRONT. Hatfield House is situated just east of the town of Hatfield, and, as everybody knows, is the residence of the Marquis of Salisbury. This stately home was built by Robert Cecil, first Earl of Salisbury, in 1611, and is a noble example of Jacobean architecture. It was preceded by a palace, dating from the twelfth century, and belonging to the Bishops of Ely, and this was afterwards converted into a royal residence, in which Princess Elizabeth was sequestered for a time during the reign of Queen Mary. In Hatfield House are many portraits and historical manuscripts of the greatest interest, and these may be inspected when the family are away. The widow cf the first Marquis was burnt to death in a fire that raged in the west wing in 1835. 42 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. THE AVENUE, HATFIELD PARK. In every way the grounds that surround Hatfield House are worthy of the Marquis of Salisbury's splendid mansion, and that is saying a great deal. One of the chief features of the Park is the noble avenue of trees, of which a picture is given above; and a grand old oak is pointed out as having marked the boundary within which the Princess Elizabeth was restricted, when virtually imprisoned here. Ilatfield is easily act essible from London— it is only a short ride from King's Cross—and it is not surprising that the Park should be a very popular resort; but the objectionable behaviour of injudicious picnic parties has rendered necessary the imposition of certain regulations as to the admission of the public. 43 ft From Photo by York & Son, Notting Hill, W. WINDSOR CASTLE: THE LOWER WARD, WITH ST. GEORGE'S CHAPEL. Windsor Castle was originally built by William the Conqueror, but a new erection was substituted by William of Wykehamto the order of Edward III., and from time to time the fortress has been enlarged and restored. The above view shows the Lower Ward. On the left is St. George’s Chapel, associated with the Knights of the Garter; it was begun by Edward IV. and finished by Henry VIII., and is a splendid specimen of the Late Gothic style. On the right are the residences of the Military Knights, and beyond, on a high mound, is the famous Round Tower, or Keep, entered from the Upper Ward. Its battlements, to which the public are allowed to ascend, command a view over twelve counties. 44 SKATING ON THE LONG WATER. When the ice is considered safe by the authorities, who take every precaution, the public is permitted to skate on the Long W'ater, and then many a Londoner can say with Wordsworth, " All shod with steel, We hissed along the polished ice in games confederate.” The Long Water, as that part of the Serpentine which is situated in Ken¬ sington Gardens is commonly called, affords some of the best skating in the metropolis, and during spells of frost hundreds of thousands disport themselves upon it by torchlight, as well as in the daytime. The Serpentine was formed by order of Queen Caroline, wife of George II., and its average depth is seven fee* in the centre, and three feet near the banks. B 4 45 From Photo by York & Son , Notting Hill, W. THE CHARING CROSS HOTEL. Charing Cross Hotel is situated at the South Eastern Railway Company’s western terminus, and lends a dignity to the line which the hideous bridge across the Thames does its best to destroy. Entrance to the station is obtained from the large yard, which generally presents a very busy scene, especially when the Continental mail is about to start. The hotel was built by Sir C. Barry, on the site of Hungerford Market Charing Cross was once marked by a Gothic Monument, known as Eleanor’s Cross, C .ward I. erected to distinguish the spot where his wife’s dead body remained a while when being taken to Westminster Abbey. It was erected in 1291, but in 1^47 was removed by order of Parliament. The present cross is the work of the late E. M. Barry. 46 From Photo by Cassell &. Co., Lim. CLEOPATRA'S NEEDLE. Conspicuously placed on the Victoria Embankment is the famous granite obelisk known as Cleopatra's Needle. It was put up at Heliopolis by Pharaoh Thothmes II , about 1500 b.c. , and twenty-three years before the Christian era it was erected at Alexandria—Cleopatra's city. For centuries the obelisk lay neglected in the sand ; but in 1819 it was presented to the British nation by Mohammed Ali as a memori 1 Abercromby. Dr. (afterwards Sir Erasmus Wilson expended ^10,000 upon its removal to this country in 1877. Owing to stormy weather the transport ship had to be abandoned in the Bay of Riscay . but fortunately the monument was rescued, and in the following year it was placed in its present position, near Waterloo Bridge. It is 6SI feet high, and weighs 180 tons. The sphinxes are modern. 47 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. THE FOREIGN AND INDIA OFFICES, FROM ST. JAMES’S PARK. The stately pile of public buildings which comprises the Foreign, India, Colonial, and Home Offices, with those of the Local Government Board, is seen to much better advantage from St James's Park than from Whitehall. It was designed by Sir Gilbert Scott, in the Italian style, cost half a million of money, and was erected during the five years ended 1873. None of the many “ lungs ” that London can boast is superior in beauty to St. James's Park, and that part of the lake which is shown in our foreground is particularly interesting, for it is reserved as an asylum for the Ornithological Society’s collection of water birds. The trees to the right are on Duck Island, where the birds have their nests. From Photo by Mr. Arthur Burchett, Hampstead. HAMPSTEAD HEATH, FROM THE FLAGSTAFF, LOOKING WEST. Hampstead Heath is a possession of which Londoners may well be proud. The flagstaff against the pond stands 430 feet above the sea level, and the air thereabout is delightfully bracing. So picturesque and unspoilt is the Heath that it is hard to realise the proximity of the metropolis. It extends over some 250 acres. The best outlook is undoubtedly the west—across the country to Hendon and the Welsh Harp, to Harrow-on-the-Ilill with its conspicuous church spire, and to Windsor, whose Castle on a clear day is distinctly visible. On a Bank Holiday the Heath is thronged by hundreds of thousands of holiday makers from London, whose fun waxes fast and furious. From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. THE PALM HOUSE, KEW GARDENS. At the south end of the Royal Botanic Gardens is the Great Palm House, which was built in 1845 at a cost of /33,ooo. It is 362 ft. long, 100 ft. broad, and 66 ft. high, and contains nearly an acre of glass. Inside, it is easy to imagine oneself in a tropical forest. Palms, tree-ferns, and others of like kind, flourish here exceedingly; and the visitor may note the date-palm, the betel-nut, the cocoanut, the upas-tree, the bamboo, the cotton-plant, the coffee-shrub, the tamarind, and the clove. East of the Palm House is the lake, and westward stretches an avenue through the Arboretum nearly three-quarters of a mile long. This is known as Syon Vista, the Duke of Northumberland's estate being within view on the opposite bank of the Thames. 5 ° From Photo by Caastll A, Co., Lint THE RHODODENDRON WALK, KEW GARDENS. The Rhododendron Walk, parallel with the Thames, and situated near the north-west corner of the Arboretum, is one of the chief sights at Kew. The variety of colour here displayed—seen at its best, perhaps, in June—is, to those only acquainted with the somewhat stunted shrubs common in private gardens, a revelation of unexpected beauty. In its way, the Rhododendron Walk is as famous as are the avenues of horse-chestnuts in Bushy Park, though it has not attained the dignity of 1 identified with any particular Sunday. The Arboretum used to be sep m the Botanic Gardens proper by a wire fence; and until a few vears ago, to the un¬ scientific male visitor, the chief distinction lay in the fact that in the former smoking was permitted, whereas in the Gardens it was prohibited. S' From Photo by York & Son, Notting Hill, W. OXFORD STREET, LOOKING EAST. A very characteristic part of Oxford Street is depicted above. The large house of which the corner is seen on the left is Messrs. Marshall & Snelgrove’s; and in all directions are shops dear to the hearts of town and country ladies. New Bond Street opens on the right, where the flag is waving; and the view extends beyond Oxford Circus. Oxford Street is, as everybody knows, one of the main arteries of the metropolis, through which the traffic flow's from east to west, and from west to east, in an unceasing stream; and the broadness of the thoroughfare at this spot affords a pleasing contrast to the cramped and inconvenient proportions of tha Strand and Fleet Street. 5 = STATUE OF RICHARD CCEUR DE LION, OLD PALACE YARD. WESTMINSTER. Contempt is often expressed for the outdoor statues of London ; and, considered as a whole, they certainly compare unfavourably with those of other capitals. But high among the few that compel admiration must be placed Baron Marochetti's equestrian monument in bronze of Richard Coeur de Lion, which is here shown. It is, without exaggeration, as fine and spirited a piece of work as the gifted Italian sculptor ever did, and the model of it at the Great Exhibition of 1851 won for him European fame. On the pedestal, in bas-relief, are scenes in the life of the great Crusader. The work was purchased by public subscription, and is very fortunate in its noble setting. 53 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Urn. INTERIOR OF THE GUILDHALL The Great Hall at the Guildhall is a noble chamber, used for a variety of civic purposes, not the least important of which is the Lord Mayor's annual banquet, attended by nearly a thousand guests. The wooden roof is particularly handsome. Ranged round the walls is statuary ; against the north wall—to the right in our picture—are monuments to Chatham, Wellington, and Nelson; against the south wall, to William Pilt and Lord Mayor Beckford. The western stained glass window, shown above, is one of the many memorials to the Prince Consort, and opposite to it is another presented by the cotton operatives of Lancashire in acknowledgment of the City Cor¬ poration's liberality during the historic famine. The Court of Common Council sits in a chamber reached by way of the stairs facing the main entrance. 54 From Photo by Cassell A Co., Lim. HAMMERSMITH BRIDGE, FROM THE SOUTH SIDE. At Hammersmith the River Thames is spanned by a very graceful Suspension Bridge, which was opened in the summer of 1887 by the late Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence. This bridge serves the district between Putney and lvew, a distance of five and a half miles The parish church, which is, however, of no particular interest, is shown in the picture presented above. Perhaps the most striking feature of Hammersmith, which lies, of course, on the left bank of the river, is the Mall, where are situated houses dating from the reign of Queen Anne. At Hammersmith, too, are the headquarters of various boating clubs. The bridge used to be crowded on the occasion of the Oxford and Cambridge boat-race, but of late years this practice has been forbidden by the authorities. 55 From Photo by York & Son, Notting Hill, W. QUEEN VICTORIA STREET: MANSION HOUSE END. 'hat portion of Queen Victoria Street shown in our picture (which is taken from the front of the Mansion House Station on the Underground Railway), viz. from Cannon Street to the Mansion House, was opened to the public in October, 1869. Cannon Street is bisected by Queen Victoria Street, and is seen on the right. The church oppo¬ site is that of St. Mary Aldermary (St. Mary the Elder); it was built by a citizen named Keeble, who died in 1518, and was virtually reconstructed, after the Great l ire, by Y\ ren, who, though he followed the old plan, has unmistakably left his mark upon the edifice. In the distance appears a bit of the portico of the Royal Exchange Queen Victoria Street is a broad and handsome thoroughfare, and it affords invaluable relief to the enormous traffic in Cheapside. From Photo by York &. Son, Hotting Hill, W. TRAFALGAR SQUARE. Trafalgar Square has been pronounced " the finest site in Europe ’’ it is certainly the finest open space in the metropolis. Our view is taken from the north terrace, on which faces the front of the National Gallery, a building in the Corinthian style, 490 feet in length From this terrace steps lead down to the area of the square, in which are two large fountains. Beneath these stands the Nelson column. 145 feet in height, erected to the victor of Trafalgar in 1843 by voluntary contributions, with four gigantic lions at its base, which were modelled for it by Sir Edwin Landseer. Among the other statues in the Square is one to the late General Gordon, by Mr. Hamo Thornycroft, R.A., presenting the hero in an attitude of meditation. 57 From Photo by York &. Son, Hotting Hill, W. INTERIOR OF THE HOUSE OF LORDS. Not without reason is the House of Peers known as the Gilded Chamber Under the canopy at the south end is the Throne, with a seat on the right for the Prince of Wales and on the left for the Monarch's consort. In front of the throne is the Lord Chancellor’s Woolsack. In the foreground of our view is the Bar to which the Commons are immoned, where also barristers plead in appeals to the Lords. The red benches accommodate 550 members. In the galleries flanking the Throne are places for ambassadors and distinguished strangers; the side galleries are for peeresses. The Chamber is embellished with portraits of Kings and Queens of England since the Conquest, with statues of King John’s barons, and with frescoes illustrative of scenes in English history. 33 From Photo by York &. Son, Hotting Hill, W. INTERIOR OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS. Her Majesty's faithful Commons meet in a chamber 75 feet by 45 feet, and the green benches on the floor and in the side galleries contain 154 fewer seats than there are members. The Speaker’s chair is at the north end of the House. In front of it is the Clerk's table, the resting-place of the mace ; and above it the reporters’ gallery, while behind the iron grille, higher still, are the ladies’ seats. Peers and strangers, distinguished or otherwise, are admitted to galleries at the opposite end The party in power occupy the seats on the Speaker’s right, the front bench being reserved for Ministers, while on the left sit the Opposition, and on the same side, below the gangway, the Irish Nationalists. The House is lighted at night from above the ceiling, which is of glass. 59 From Photo by York & Son, Notting Hill, W. THE HOP EXCHANGE, SOUTHWARK. Near the Borough Market, at the east end of Southwark Street, is the large block of buildings containing the Hop Exchange. This was built thirty years ago, from designs by Mr. Moore, and is admirably adapted to its purpose. The Hall is approached by a short flight of steps and a vestibule with large iron gates The business of the Exchange is transacted on the ground floor, while all round and in the three galleries are the offices of merchants and others. The gallery railings are emblematic in design ; and light is admitted through the glass roof. The Exchange is situated in the heart of what may be called the Hop Quarter, and the district abounds in storage accommodation for the fruit. Co From Photo by York A Son, Notting Hill, W. HAMPTON COURT PALACE: GENERAL VIEW. Hampton Court is perhaps the most popular of the Royal palaces, as it is also the largest ; and since Queen Victoria threw the State Rooms open to the public they have been inspected by nearly eleven millions of visitors. Cardinal Wolsey founded this splendid pile in 1515, and when for politic reasons he gave it to Henry VIII., that monarch greatly enlarged it. The King spent much time here with his successive wives ; and from his day until the reign of George III. most of the English monarchs, as also Cromwell, resided at Hampton Court at one time or another. In these days some eight hundred of the rooms are occupied by beneficiaries of Her Majesty the Queen, belonging to the aristocracy. The present State Rooms were built by Sir Christopher Wren for William III. and Mary, who had most of Henry's additions destroyed. 6l ( From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. ST. PAUL'S SCHOOL, WITH THE OLD “RED COW,” HAMMERSMITH. Dean Colet, the friend of Erasmus, founded St Paul's School in 1509, and left it in trust to the Mercers’ Company, in preference to any ecclesiastical body. The school was once at the rear of St. Paul's Cathedral, but now occupies a more suitable site at Hammersmith, and is managed according to a scheme of the Charity Commissioners. Among its famous scholars may be mentioned Camden, Milton, Pepys, and Jowett. The boys number about 630, of whom 153 are foundation scholars. Judged by the scholarships and prizes test, St. Paul’s School is second to none. The inn hard by is over 200 years old, and was more famous in the old coaching days than it can now pretend to be. 62 From Photo by York A Son, Notting Hill, V». THE CASCADE, VIRGINIA WATER. Virginia Water has long lost its original artificiality, and is now one of the most charming and popular resorts round about London. George II. s son, the Duke of Cumber¬ land, formed the lake nearly a century and a half ago—in the year that he conquered at Culloden—in order to drain the surrounding country. But, bordered by delightful trees that have grown to beautiful proportions, Virginia Water can challenge comparison with many a natural sheet of water to be found elsewhere. The Cascade, although obviously built up, is very pretty, and should not be missed by the visitor, who, if he be a pedestrian, is recommended to walk along the green shores of Virginia Water to Windsor, by way of the Long Walk in the Great Park. Boating on the lake is not permitted to the general public. From Photo by York & Son, Notting Hill, W. THE ADMIRALTY. i he Admiralty, between Trafalgar Square and the Horse Guards, was once known as W allingford House, and its present front was built about 1726 by Thomas Ripley to whom contemptuous reference is made in the " Dunciad; while fifty years later the stone screen, with its appropriate marine emblems, by Robert Adam was added Viewed from the outside, the building, which, it will be noticed, stands back from the road, is not particularly impressive, but its interior is well arranged thou-h inadequate for present needs ; and large new offices have been built in the rear, facing St. James’s Park. It was at the Admiralty that Lord Nelson's body'W in state before being interred in St. Paul's Cathedral. 3 From Photo by York <& Son, Hotting Hill, IV* THE BANK OF ENGLAND The Bank of England—the chief institution of the kind in the world—is appropriately located in the very heart of the City. Its main entrance is in Threadneedle Street, and the buildings, which are, of course, isolated, cover about four acres. The I’..ink is mainly a one-storey structure, and it was from Sir John Soane s designs that most of it was built, in 1788. For the sake of security, there are no windows in the outside walls. The institution was founded in 1691, and in these days employs some nine hundred persons. More than two millions sterling are daily negotiated here, and every day fifteen thousand new bank-notes are printed, what time some twenty million pounds of cash lies in the vaults below. The portico of which the end appears in our view to the right will be recognised as that of the Royal Exchange. C 1 From Photo by Cassell &. Co., Lim. A CELL IN NEWGATE PRISON. It was in 1858 that the interior of Newgate Prison was re-built, on the single¬ cell system. Near the window of the cell shown above are the water- tank and basin; and in the right-hand corner is the bedding, neatly rolled up on the shelf are the prisoner’s Bible, Prayer-book, plate, and mug, while in the foreground are his stool and the corner of the table. From Photo by Cassell & Co., Urn. THE GALLERIES IN NEWGATE. Our view of the Galleries of the dismal prison in the Old Bailey is taken from the end of the second storey; and all around are the cells, of which we give a specimen on the other side of the page The gaol will hold nearly two hundred prisoners ; and those detained here are either murderers awaiting execution, or persons committed for trial at the Central Criminal Court. NEWGATE PRISON: THE "GRAVEYARD.'’ LOOKING TOWARDS THE DOOR LEADING TO THE OLD BAILEY. Only murderers whose crimes have been committed in the Metropolitan area north of the Thames are executed at Newgate, whither they are removed after sentence in the adjoining Sessions House. Transpontine murderers are hanged at Wandsworth Gaol, unless otherwise ordered by the authorities. The " graveyard " at Newgate Prison is, as our picture shows, a very grim-looking burial-place, which primarily serves the purpose of a passage from the gaol to the Old Bailey. Those who within the precincts of the prison have paid the extreme penalty of the law are buried under the flagstones, lime being enclosed in the coffins. On the walls on either side are the initial letters of the murderers' surnames, and by this means the places of burial are recorded, though neither dates nor names are now added. From Photo by York & Son, Notting Hill, IV. VIEW DOWN THE THAMES, FROM LONDON BRIDGE. That part of the Port of London seen from London Bridge, looking down stream, is known as the Pool, and it generally contains craft of all kinds, great and small, though barges predominate Altogether, it is a very busy scene. To the extreme left of our picture the front of Billingsgate Market, the headquarters of the English fish trade, is partly visible Billingsgate Wharf is the oldest on the Thames. Just east of the Market is the noble fafade of the Customs House, with its broad quay in front; while further down will be recognised the ancient Tower of London. We have already given a closer view of the Customs House, on page 8 ; and of the Tower of London, on page 22. 68 MIDDLESEX v. SURREY AT LORDS. Lord's Cricket Ground is the head-quarters of the Marylebone Club, by whom authority is exercised over the great national summer game. While the < )xford and Cambridge and Eton and Harrow matches attract more fashionable crowds, the Middlesex and Surrey match is, of all the inter-county fixtures, by far the most popular among Londoners generally. When the two Metropolitan elevens meet there is seldom a vacant place among the cheaper seats, whatever may be the case in the spacious Pavilion, which, by the way, was built in 1891. Our view is taken from near the south-east corner of the Ground. The match here shown in progress was won by Surrey with ten wickets to spare ; Middlesex scoring 220 and 171, and Surrey 294 (Hayward hi) and 99 for no wicket. 69 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. FOUNTAIN COURT, TEMPLE. Fountain Court, situated in the Middle Temple, is one of the most charming retreats in London on a summer's day, and many people as they pass through the legal hive are glad to rest on the seats provided by the Benchers beneath its shady trees. It derives its name from the simple fountain in the centre—a single jet of water that rises some ten feet, dropping into a basin where goldfish are kept. Fountain Court has often figured in literature. Dickens has immortalised it in “ Martin Chuzzlewit," as the meeting-place between Ruth Pinch and her lover; and close by, at No. 2, Garden Court, in a house which has long since disappeared, Oliver Goldsmith lived, aud was visited by Dr. Johnson, The large Gothic building seen in our view is the Middle Temple Hall. 7 r HIGHGATE ARCHWAY, LOOKING NORTHWARDS Highgate Archway will soon be a thing of the past. The London County Council are about to widen and improve the Archway Road, and to alter and reconstruct the viaduct which carries Hornsey Lane over it. The cost of the work is estimated at ^27,000, which will be jointly defrayed by the Middlesex Counts Council, the Vestry of Islington, the Hornsey Local Board, the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and the London County Council, who will pay the greatest share. This authority was authorised to effect the improvement by an Act of Parliament passed in 1S94. It must be owned that, picturesque as is the Archway, it ought, in the public interests, to have been reconstructed long ago. 71 From Fhoto by Cassell & Co., Lim. BETHLEHEM HOSPITAL. Bethlehem Hospital, colloquially known as Bedlam, has been a madhouse since the time of Henry VIII., but the present building in St. George's Fields, Lambeth, only dates from early in the present century, and has been more than once enlarged. The Hospital was first situated in Bishopsgate Street, and was superseded in 1675 by a building in Moorfields, and this by the structure shown above The front, goo feet long, is rendered very imposing by its Ionic columns. Over the portico is inscribed, Henrico VIII. rege fundatum civium largitas perfecit. Lewis was the architect of the building, but the dome was added later by Smirke. The Asylum has accommod non for four hundred patients of both sexes. 72 From Photo by Cassell &■ Co., Lim. THE WEST INDIA IMPORT DOCK. The West India Docks, two hundred and forty-three acres in extent, consist of three parallel docks running east and west, from Limehouse to Blackwall. Over the chief, or western, entrance are inscribed the words : " The West India Import 1 )ock, begun 12th July, iSoo ; opened for business ist September, 1802," The opening ceremony was performed by William Pitt ; and this was the first wet dock built on the north side of the Thames. The Import Dock, the most northerly of the three, has on the north side eleven huge warehouses, capable of accomm nearly a hundred thousand tons of goods ; here are stored sugar, coffee, flour, cocoa, spices, etc. South of this is the Export Dock, and below this, again, is what is known as the South \\ est India Dock. c 73 From Photo by Cassell & Co. Lim. HEADQUARTERS OF THE METROPOLITAN FIRE BRIGADE. In Southwark Bridge Road are the headquarters of the Metropolitan Fire Brigade, marked by a lofty tower, from the summit of which a constant watch is kept. The Brigade, established in 1866, is maintained at an annual cost of £130,000 per annum ; and the area which it protects extends over 118 square miles. There are nearly sixty stations, and ten times as many call-points. In the course of a year some 5,000 alarms, of which, however, a large proportion are false, are given, and from thirty to forty million gallons of water are used in extinguishing fires. The Brigade, which is under the control of the London County Council, numbers some 750 officers and men, with Captain Sexton Simonds at their head. f v-‘" *| itti Sl Zantbro, Crystal Palace. A TEMPERANCE DEMONSTRATION AT THE CRYSTAL PALACE. Owing to the circumstance that the Handel Festival is always held at the Crystal Palace, the orchestra in the central transept of the Palace of Glass is known as the Handel Orchestra. It can accommodate no fewer than 4,000 persons. The dimensions of the transept, which has a diameter twice as great as that of the dome of St. Paul’s Cathedral, can only be realised when it is crowded, as in our picture, which shows in progress the great temperance fete that is held at the Crystal Palace every year. The organ, which is supplied with air by hydraulic machinery, boasts 4,384 pipes, and cost ^6,000. The acoustic properties of the building are admirable for large volumes of sound. From Photo by York & Son, Hotting hill, IV. WESTMINSTER ABBEY: THE REREDOS. Gilbert Scott designed the altar and reredos which were erected in Westminster Abbey in 1867 The four figures standing out from the alabaster reredos are by Armstead, and represent Moses, David, St. Peter and St. Paul; and the Last Supper over the altar is in glass mosaic by Salviati. The mosaic pavement within the rails was brought from Rome in 1268 The tombs to the left are those of Edmund Crouchback, Earl of Lancaster, of Aveline his wife, and of Aymer de Valence, cousin of Edward I. To the right is a restored portrait of Richard II., the earliest contemporary portrait of an English Sovereign, hung against tapestry brought from Westminster School. Many of our rulers have been crowned in front of the altar, from William the Conqueror on Christmas Day, 1066, to Queen Victoria on June 28th, 1S3S. 76 From Photo by York St Son, Notting Hill, W. DISTANT VIEW OF ETON COLLEGE, FROM THE GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY. Seen from any point of view, Eton College, the chief of all the English public schools, is picturesque ; and not the least pleasing glimpse is that obtained from the Great Western Railway. Gray, it will be remembered, in his celebrated "Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College," apostrophised the distant spires, the antique towers that crown the watery glade. The trees have a grandeur in keeping with the old school of Henry VI. s foundation, and the turf of the playing fields, " whose flowers among Wanders the hoary Thames along His silver-winding way," is of an excellent green In the foreground of our view are house-boats moored in the quiet backwater The most conspicuous part of the College is the very handsome Gothic Chapel. C* 77 PICCADILLY CIRCUS. The large open space here represented is one of the great centres of metropolitan traffic, and may be regarded as the very heart of that of the West End, being within a quarter of a mile of practically all the clubs and theatres, and crossed by omnibus lines to all parts, with a number of important thoroughfares converging upon it. Our view looks down Coventry Street towards Leicester Square. On the left is the London Pavilion, and on the right the Criterion Theatre and Restaurant. In the foreground, at the beginning of Shaftesbury Avenue, is the Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain, designed by Mr. A. Gilbert, R A , and remarkable among the monuments of the Metropolis for its daring symbolism. From Photo by York A, Son, Sotting Hill, W. BLACKFRIARS BRIDGE. Blackfriars Bridge, 1,272 feet long and 80 feet broad, is made of iron, its five arches being supported by granite piers ; it cost £320,000, was built by Cubitt, and was opened in 1S69. Parallel with it, and spoiling whatever good effect it might possess, runs the London, Chatham and Dover railway bridge; and the sloping roof visible in our picture is that of St. Paul's station. But no better view of the grandly proportioned dome and towers of St Paul's Cathedral can be obtained than from Blackfriars Bridge, which, by the bye, owes its name to an old monastery situated on the bank of the river, and dating from the end of the twelfth century. The bridge which it superseded was of stone, and was built in 1769. 79 gg “SF" From Photo by Cassell & Co., UNIVERSITY COLLEGE. University College is situated at the north end of Gower Street, and is a very imposing building. Our view shows the main part, which is 400 feet long; and on each side are projecting wings. The Corinthian portico lends much dignity to the structure, and the dome is not ineffective. University College was founded in 1828 (Lord Brougham taking a prominent part in its establishment), in order to provide an educational centre free of all religious tests. There are now some forty professors, and forty times that number of students, who pay in fees not far short of ^30,000. Nearly all subjects are taught here ; and the building also contains the University College School, while across the road is University College Hospital. Carefully preserved at the College are some very fine specimens of Flaxman's work. 80 From Photo by Cassdl A Co., Um. THE MUSEUM, KEW GARDENS, FROM THE PALM HOUSE. To distinguish it from others, the Museum at Kew Gardens of which a picture appears above is known as Museum No. i. Consisting of three floors, and Italian in style, the building faces the Palm House, the large and picturesque lake lying between the two structures. The Museum was begun in the early fifties, and it was extended in 1881, so crowded had it become with the vegetable economic products and ; i ns of scientific interest sent for exhibition within its walls. Foods, drugs, fibres, timber, are among the varied and carefully classified specimens, and ir, some cases the processes of manufacture are illustrated. It has been well said that the aim of the authorities is to explain in this Museum everything of interest to botanists which the plants, while alive, cannot set forth. From Photo by Cassell &. Co., Lim. DORCHESTER HOUSE. Dorchester House is the largest of all the many large private residences in London. It is built of limestone, and occupies a conspicuous position in Park Lane. The owner is Capt Holford, equerry-in-ordinary to the Prince of Wales, and of him it was hired by the India Office for the use of the Shahzada while the Ameer's son was stay¬ ing in England. Until then Dorchester House had been empty since the death of Mr. R. S. Holford, who bought it from the fourth Marquis of Hertford. The third marquis, the original of Thackeray’s Lord Steyne, who cuts such a detestable figure in " Vanity Fair,” died here. There is a capital collection of paintings by old masters. 82 From Photo by H. N. King, Shepherd's Cush, IV. THE ROYAL KITCHEN, WINDSOR CASTLE. Notwithstanding that divinity which doth hedge a monarch, loyal subjects cannot but take an interest in royal kitchens and royal cooks. The public are, of course, not admitted to the Kitchen at Windsor Castle, and must therefore rest content with the vii The Kitchen is under the control of the Board of Green Cloth in general, and of the Master of the Household in particular, and there are a chief cook, a first master cook, a clerk of the kitchen, etc. As needs must be, when the number of those belonging to the Royal Household is remembered, the Kitchen is of noble size, and a glance at our picture is enough to show how admirable are its appointments. 6s From Photo by Cassell A Co., Lim. THE "ANGEL,” ISLINGTON. Trams and omnibuses give an invaluable gratuitous advertisement to the inns at certain points on their routes; and one of the hostelries best known in all London—by name at least—from this cause is the “Angel. ’ For here trams start and stop, and innumerable omnibuses converge and diverge. The “Angel” occupies a commanding position at the corner of High Street, Islington—to the rig.ht of our picture, and of Pentonville Road, leading down to King's Cross, to the left ; while it faces the ends of City Road, Goswell Road, and St. John’s Street Road. It is no wonder, therefore, that the pavement in front of it should be always thronged. Some little distance along High Street is the Royal Agricultural Hall. 84 F'-om Kioto by Cassell A Co.. Lim. CHESTNUT AVENUE, BUSHY PARK. Chestnut Sunday in Bushy Park is one of the most popular festivals kept by Londoners, and a prettier sight than the avenues of horse-chestnuts in full bloom on a fine spring day is seldom to be seen anywhere. Bushy is one of the royal parks, and it extends over more-than a thousand acres. The noble old chestnuts, interspersed with limes, stretch for more than a mile in a triple row on each side of the road, which leads from Teddington to Hampton Court, and is thronged by all sorts of vehicles on the Sunday to which reference has been made. The above picture is taken from towards Teddington, which is the most convenient station for excursionists from town who come down by train. The tre< ' mted bj William III., who did so much for the extension and improvement of Hampton Court Palace. 85 From Photo by York & Son, hotting Hill, IV. THE BRITISH MUSEUM. Not unworthy of its priceless possessions, and that is saying a great deal, is the structure of the British Museum at Bloomsbury. It was designed by Sir Robert Smirke, and was built on the site of Montague House in the years 1823-1852, but there have been considerable additions since then. The grand facade, which has two projecting wings and an imposing portico, is 370 feet in length. The impressive colonnade consists of 44 Ionic columns ; of these, two rows of eight support the portico, over which may be seen figures by Westmacott, setting forth, on the right, the progress of the Human Race, and representing, on the left, the Drama, Poetry, Music, Mathematics, and Natural Philosophy. I he front faces Great Russell Street, and our view is taken from the south-west portion of the court. £6 From Photo by Cassell 1 Co., Urn. ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL: THE NAVE. Sir Christopher Wren’s first thought was to build St. Paul’s Cathedral in the shape of a Greek cross, but the great architect was overruled, and the present long nave and choir are the result. The Cathedral is 500 feet long, and 118 feet broad. From the point of view at which our picture is taken, the edifice looks somewhat bare, but this defect is being gradually remedied. The lower part of the dome is visible, and beyond, at the end of the choir, the altar and the marble reredos are to be seen. Beneath the central arch of the north aisle (on the left) is the monument to the Duke of Wellington, and opposite the door of the south transept, in the passage to the nave, is the memorial of Lord Nelson. 87 From Ph*to by Cassell & Co , Llm. KNIGHTSBRIDGE, WITH THE BARRACKS. Knightsbridge derives the second part of its name from a bridge which formerly spanned the Westbourne at the spot where now stands the Albert Gate of Hyde Park. In these days the stream is little more than the surplus water of the Serpentine, which is carried off by a culvert under the high road ; but early in the century, when it overflowed its banks, it was capable of converting the whole neighbourhood into a lake, and for some days foot-passengers had to be rowed from place to place by Thames boatmen. The Barracks, generally occupied by a regiment of the Guards, were originally erected in 1794-5, but were rebuilt in 1S79-80. Facing Rotten Row, on the south side of the Park, they form an extensive quadrangle, with a spacious parade ground in the centre. 88 — From Photo by Cassell &. Co., Lim. TWICKENHAM FERRY. As each year passes, Londoners are becoming more fully alive to the precious possession they have in the river Thames Few parts of the river are better known to boating parties than Twickenham, a long, straggling village, situated on the Middlesex bank, midway between Richmond and Teddington At low water it was formerly a sorry place, but the erection of the new lock at St. Margaret s has greatly improved its appeal ( 1 shows Twickenham Ferry, celebrated in song; and between the trees of Eel Pie Island, where there is an hotel, stands out the old tower of St. Mary's Church. Twickenham abounds in literary associations of the most interesting kind. 8j From Photo by Cassel/ & Co., Urn. THE MARBLE ARCH. The dire effects of London smoke are only too obvious to all wlio iook upon this noble structure. Originally erected as a gateway to Buckingham Palace by George IV., it \ ‘ 11 •- s, ' 00 ° • out " hen the eastern facade of the Queen's London residence was completed, in 1850, it was taken down, and in 1851 was placed in its present position at ( umberland Gate, where Oxford Street and Edgware Road meet, at the north-east corner of Hyde Park. It is in the style of the famous Arch of 11 ' a,ni ‘ le ' l ^ e re '‘ e ^ s on nort h side of it, the side presented by our view, are by Westmacott, and those on the south side by Baily, and the gates are of 9 => From Photo by York & Sen, Hotting Hi■ A POLITICAL DEMONSTRATION: ON THE WAY TO HYDE PARK. The above picture shows a political demonstration on its way from Trafalgar Square to Hyde Park, where, since the Reform Riot of 1866, vast open-air meetings have been held without let or hindrance from the authorities. The procession has reached the bottom of the Haymarkct, and is wending its way along Pall Mall, thii it may be, to awe the unimpressionable clubmen. All ordinary traffic is of course stopped, and the police are present in great numbers to keep the course and, if necessary, preserve the Deace. But as a general rule, a London crowd is a pattern of good behaviour. At tins point, it will be noticed, there are more onlookers than processionists. From Photo by York &. Son, Notting Hitt, W. THE METROPOLITAN TABERNACLE. After the terrible fatality in the old Surrey Gardens music-hall, the Metropolitan Tabernacle was built in Newington Butts, to provide for the growing popularity of the late Mr. Spurgeon. Sir Morton Peto laid the stone of this vast place of worship in 1859, and so energetically did the great Baptist p eacher labour that the building was opened free of debt, £31,000 having been subscribed for its erection. The Tabernacle is 140 feet long, 80 feet broad, and 60 feet high, and it easily holds 6,000 persons. Mr. Spurgeon preached from the upper platform, and his powerful voice could be heard distinctly in every part of the chapel, where, by the bye, the hymns have always been sung unaccompanied by instrumental music. After Mr. Spurgeon’s death one of his sons, the Rev. Thomas Spurgeon, was appointed his successor. 52 7T>- GREENWICH OBSERVATORY. It was during the reign of Charles II., in the year 1675, that the famous Greenwich Observatory was founded, chiefly with a view to determining the longitude of ships at sea. The Observatory, which is built of materials taken from the Tower of London and Tilbury Fort, is set on a hill 180 feet high in Greenwich Park. Here the standard time is decided daily, and all manner of astronomical calculations are made with the fine instruments with which the Observatory is fitted. On the outer walls are standard measures of length, and a clock, showing the correct time. Mr. W. H. M. Christie is the Astronomer Royal, being the eighth holder of the office ; and the annual cost of the institution is about £ 1 1,000. 93 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Urn. WIMBLEDON COMMON. W imbledon Common, one of the numerous open spaces in highly favoured Surrey, extends over an area of a thousand acres, and is contiguous to Putney Heath, Kingston Common, and Richmond Park. It is famous all the world over as the old camping place of the National Rifle Association, where the Queen's and other important prizes used to be shot for annually ; but in 1889 the Volunteers, owing to considerations of public safety, removed to Bisley, near Woking. The picturesque windmill which figures so prominently in our view is a well-known landmark. The old-established London Scottish Golf Club has links on the Common, on which there is also a clearly-defined fortified camp, cruciform in shape, and, according to the best authorities, Saxon in origin. 94 From Photo by York & Son, Notting Hill, VY. NEW SCOTLAND YARD. For a long time the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police were in an insignificant court near Charing Cross, known as Scotland Yard, but in 1891 the present spacious premises were opened on the Thames Embankment, near the Houses of Parliament. The lower portion of the building, hidden in our picture by the trees, is of Portland stone, prepared—strange irony of fate!—by convicts, and the upper portion of red brick, with stone facings. At New Scotland Yard is the office of Col. Sir Edward Bradford, the Chief Commissioner, who wields authority over 31 superintendents, 598 inspectors, 1.831 sergeants, and 12,738 constables—15,198 men, all told. The designs for the structure, which were the subject of not a little hostile criticism, were furnished by Mr. Norman Shaw, R.A 95 From Photo by Cassell & Co , Lim, THE FLOWER WALK, REGENT'S PARK. Regent’s Park is the largest of the London parks, and measures no fewer than 472 acres. It was laid out in the reign of George III. by the Prince Regent (afterwards George IV.)—hence its name. There was an earlier park here known as Marylebone Park, but in the time of the Commonwealth this was converted into pasture land. Regent’s Park, which contains many fine avenues of trees, is much frequented, and the famous Flower Walk is especially popular. The gardeners of the various London parks vie with one another in producing fine floral displays, but the Flower Walk, at the proper season, need fear comparison with no similar garden in all the metropolis. From Photo by Cassell A Co., Urn. THE ALBERT MEMORIAL. To Sir Gilbert Scott is due the credit of designing the Memorial to the late Prince Consort, which took twenty years to compLteandcost/i^oo 0 It^stands; in h _ , .. . ... T,q11 : Q t-- fpet hGh and is resplendent in every detail—a mass of gilt, mosaic, and coloured stones, ine colossal oronzc g Gutreof'pnnee'Albert himself, under the Gothic canopy, is by Foley. On the projecting pedestals of the clustered granite columns are marble of Agriculture. Manufacture, Commerce, and Engineering. In marble relief on the basement are no fewer than 169 figures of poets, painters, sculptors, and architec , while the groups at the corners of the steps do duty for the four continents 97 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE. arlt House I errace, consisting of twenty-two houses at the north-east corner of St James’s Park, takes its name from Carlton House, which formerly stood where ^ “ t0 ' 00 ' ^ce now is. 1 he Prince Regent, afterwards George IV., lived at Carlton House prior to its destruction in 1827. The spacious houses in the Terrace are n ‘ Ml 1,1 cupit o by members of the aristocracy, and one of them, to the west of the York Column, and known as Prussia House, is the residence of the German * 1 ladstonc is one of the many famous men who have lived in the Terrace. Our view is taken from the broad Mall, a name derived from the old game of " paille maille," played here after its introduction in the reign of Charles I. 98 From Photo by Ca 83 cll A Co., Lim. ST. JOHNS GATE, CLERKENWELL. As far back as the year noo the elder of the two great semi-military orders—that of St John—had a beautiful Priory in Clerkenwell, of which the onlv relic is the Gate in St. John Street (not far from the Charterhouse), built in 1504 in the late Gothic style by Prior Docwra. The 1 >rder was dissolved by Queen Elizabeth, but was revived in 1829 to tend the wounded on the battlefield, and is now best known as the parent of the St. John's Ambulance Association. The rooms over the gate were once occu¬ pied by Cave, the publisher and employer of Dr. Johnson ; now they are the offices of the Order. Below the windows are the shields of Henry VIII and Docwra Queen Victoria, the Prince of Wales, Prior, and the Duke of Clarence, who was Sub-prior Through the Archway is seen St John's Square. 99 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. SEVEN DIALS. Seven Dials, a very well-known part of St. Giles’s, is so called because in the seventeenth century seven roads were laid out at equal angles from a given point, where stood a Doric pillar, furnished with dials. But the dials have long since disappeared, and the pillar supporting them has been removed to Weybridge. The seven streets, how¬ ever, remain. Not long ago Seven Dials had no high reputation, and the district was regarded as unsafe at night, but now it has greatly improved. It is still a favourite locality for dog and bird fanciers and purveyors of gold fish—and fried fish. Our view, taken from Little Earl Street, exhibits a familiar sight—an open-air market, attended by dwellers in the surrounding streets and courts. IOO From Photo by Cassell n Army, and is held m p of its association with the training, carried on in adjoin: buil lings, of young men and women as officers of the S •' General ” Booth secured the property it was occupied by the London Orphan Asylum, now at Watford^. In place wings, he erected the Congress Hall, which was inaugurated in May, 1S82, and has a seating capacity of 4.500. It Sundays, and is used for many of the special gatherings of the Army. eculiar estimation alvation Army in of a small chapel is open every ever all 1 Salvador parts of ihich stoc g in the \\ lists in consequence the world. Before id between the two reek, and all day on From Photo by York & Son, Hotting Hill, IV. KENSINGTON PALACE. This is a plain brick building, of no particular style or period. It.was originally Nottingham House, of which the lower portion of the present north wing is part, and which was bought for £20,000 by William III. William and Mary, Queen Anne, and George II. all died here. George III preferred St. James s Palace and Buckingham House; but in 1819 Kensington Palace was the dwelling of the Duke and Duchess of Kent, and consequently the birthplace of Queen \ ictoria, who spent here most of the days of her childhood. It was here, very early in the morning of June 20, 1837, that the young Princess received intelligence of the death of W illiam IV. and her accession to the throne, and that at eleven o’clock the same day she met her first Privy Council. The Palace has since been used by various members of the Royal Family. CARSHALTON CHURCH. Carshalton is a charming old-world village in Surrey, easily accessible from London, and lying between Croydon and Epsom. It once proudly claimed to be " warmer and healthier than any other place in England.” Instead of a village green, Carshalton possesses a picturesque lake, the praises of which have been sounded by Mr Ruskin; it is connected with the river Wandle, beloved of London anglers. The Church of All Saints is in many ways noteworthy. The oldest part of the structure is said to have been built in the reign of Richard II., but there have been numerous additions and restorations, and the church is now an unusually spacious one, as well as singularly picturesque. Within are some interesting monuments. From Photo by Ca$*eh &. Co., Lim. RUSSELL SQUARE. 1 Square, which in its present form dates from the beginning of the century, is the chief of the open spaces which are the distinguishing characteristic of Bloomsbury. The statue in the garden is that of Francis, fifth Duke of Bedford, with his hand resting on a plough, a really meritorious piece of work by Sir Richard Westmacott, erected in 1809. This is nearly opposite Bedford Place, which was built in the years 1801-5 on the site of Bedford House. Many celebrities, chiefly legal, have lived Square, and some of the houses have fine exteriors; but, although it is beautifully timbered, it ceased to be a centre of fashion when Society migrated to the West End. ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL: THE CHOIR AND REREDOS. St. Paul’s Cathedral, after St. Peter’s at Rome and Milan Cathedral the third largest Christian church in the world, was erected on the site of the old Gothic fane (destroyed in the Great Fire) by Sir Christopher Wren, on whose memorial tablet in the Cathedral are the noble words, " lector, si monumintum requiris, circumspice." The Choir possesses a fine dignity. The stalls on either side are the work of Grinling Gibbons. Beyond is the striking Reredos, of Parian marble, unveiled in 1888. The sculptures, by Guellemin, illustrate incidents in the life of Christ, and above the pediment are figures of the Virgin and Child, lh< 1 rd, and St. Peter and St. Paul. The vaulting and walls of the Choir have been decorated with mosaics after the designs of Sir \V B. Richmond, R A From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. THAMES DITTON. Thames Ditton is a delightful Surrey village which can still beast much of its country character and many of its singing birds. Good wine needs no bush, and the “ Swan ” is well known to boating people, and especially anglers Among its many frequenters none was more fond of this resort than Theodore Hook, but many other disciples of the gentle craft have waxed equally enthusiastic about it, if not equally eloquent. The Inn, which ranks high among riparian hostelries, occupies a snug position in a nook of the stream, and its lawn commands a pretty view of the river and of the grounds of Hampton Court Palace. There are few pleasanter places on a summer evening than Thames Ditton. From Photo by York A Son, Notting Hill, W, NEW BRIDGE STREET, BLACKFRIARS. New Bridge Street is a busy thoroughfare leading from Blackfriars Bridge to Ludgate Circus, at the east end of Fleet Street Our view is taken from the south-west corner of the .yard in front of Ludgate Hill (London, Chatham, and Dover) Station, and opposite this vantage point is Bridewell Place, called after an old well of St. Bridget's, that gave its name in turn to a palace and a prison. Ludgate Circus is indicated by the two obelisks, one of them erected in 1775 to the glory of John Wilkes, Lord Mayor, and the other, in 1833, to the memory of Alderman Waithman. The building with the tower on the east side of Farringdon Street is the Memorial Hall, belonging to the Congregational denomination, and farther still, spanning the street, is Holborn \ iaduct. THE ALBERT MEMORIAL CHAPEL WINDSOR, LOOKING WEST. This resplendent building, which adjoins St. George's Chapel, was restored by Queen Victoria as a memorial of the late Prince Consort, and the work was superintended by Sir Gilbert Scott. It was originally built by Henry VII. for his own mausoleum. The Albert Chapel, which has one of the most richly decorated interiors in the world, now' contains the sarcophaguses of the Prince Consort, the Duke of Albany, and the Duke of Clarence. The first of these is in the foreground of our picture, with tine reliefs and a recumbent statue of Prince Albert, the work of Triqueti, who also executed the Scriptural scenes that are inlaid with marble on the walls. The ceiling and the false window at the w'est end are inlaid with Venetian glass mosaic by Salviati. The statues by the door represent the Angels of Life and Death. 142 THE ALBERT MEMORIAL CHAPEL, WINDSOR, LOOKING EAST This picture shows the Chapel from the opposite end. The sarcophagus of Prince Albert, who died in 1861, w seen furthest away, and that in the foreground is the Duke of Albany’s. The Duke, who died in 1884, is represented in the dress of the Seaforth Highlanders. The porphyry sarcophagus in the middle is that of the eldest son of the Prince of Wales, the Duke of Clarence, who died in 1892. Thus three generations are commemorated. Sir Gilbert Scott designed the reliefs on the reredos, which tell the story of the Resurrection. The reredos itself is inlaid with malachite, lapis lazuli, alabaster, and other precious stones, which are lavished also on every part of the Chapel It may be interesting to add that the Chapel is 68 feet long by 28 feet broad, and 60 feet in height >41 From Photo by York & Son, Notting Hill, W. THE GREEN PARK ARCH, WELLINGTON PLACE. Between the Green Park and the private gardens belonging to Buckingham Palace is Constitution Hill, where Her Majesty's life has been thrice attempted; and at the end of Constitution Hill is the Green Park Arch, which has occupied its present position since 1883, when it was removed from its old site, about 200 feet off. It is nearly opposite Hyde Park Corner, whence our view is taken. The fine open space here is called Wellington Place, and its conspicuous ornament is an equestrian statue of the Iron Duke, executed in bronze by Boehm The figures at the corners of the pedestal are those of representative British soldiers. The statue faces Apsley House, presented to the Duke of Wellington by the Government. Wyatt’s statue of the Duke, which once stood over the Arch, is now at Aldershot Camp. From Photo by Cassell A. Co., Lim. KENSINGTON TOWN HALL AND FUBLIC LIBRARY. With good reason the Vestry of St Mary Abbots, Kensington, is very proud of the Town Hall in the High Street It was opened in tSSo, and cost, including the site, /54’55 1 ' the architect being Mr. Robert V alker. The building is used principally as the municipal offices of the parish, but the large and small halls are constantly being let for all sorts of purposes, an income of over .£1,500 a year being obtained by this means. The Library building was originally used as the offices of the Vestry and of the Trustees of the Poor, but it was let in 1SS9 to the Library Commissioners and adapted to the requirements of the Library, which now numbers about 15,000 volumes. The steeple seen above the roof of the Town Hall is that of the parish church. '45 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. GUY'S HOSPITAL. 1 his famous institution was founded by Thomas Guy, a bookseller, who made an immense fortune either by trading in Bibles or by speculating in South Sea stock. The Hospital, which is situated in Southwark, a short distance from London Bridge, was built in the years 1722-25, but considerable additions to it have since been made. Our picture shows the front of the building, with one of the wings ; in the courtyard is a bronze statue of the pious founder, who did not live to see the Hospital occupied. Guys has on the average 411 beds occupied every day, but is able to accommodate 600 patients, and in the course of the year some 6,000 in-patients and 70,000 out-patients are treated. Ihe yearly income is about ^30,000; and there is a flourishing medical school. 140 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Urn. HIGH STREET, EPSOM. Two centuries ago the mineral springs of Epsom served as an excuse to Society for making this pleasant Surrey town one of the most fashionable resorts in the country. Epsom salts are still famous, but the town's chief distinction in these days is its proximity to the race-course on the adjacent Downs, where the Derby and the Oaks are run every summer, bringing about a great bustle. None the less is it an interesting town, with a character of its own. It consists for the most part of a long, straggling, but broad High Street, with a rather striking clock tower, which also serves the purpose of a fire brigade station. In the same street are the old Assembly Rooms, now degraded to the uses of commerce. < 4 '/ From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. NEWGATE: THE CENTRAL COURTYARD. In the Central Courtyard of Newgate Gaol, at which the public are here enabled to peep, the female prisoners are exercised, and upon it their cells look out. There are three exercise yards, separated from each other by high walls tipped with iron spikes. The windows of some of the male prisoners’ cells may be seen to the left. 1 he gate by which one of the warders is standing is part of the old gaol—the structure, as it stands at present, was rebuilt in 1858—and through it pass the friends of the prisoners, who are allowed to converse with their visitors in what is called the visiting box. Admittance to this Courtyard is gained through the old doorway familiar to all who pass along the Old Bailey. 14S From Photo by Cassell A Co., Um. NEWGATE: THE CHAPEL. On either side of the pulpit in the chapel of grim Newgate Gaol sit the male prisoners, on the low forms behind the railings, while the female prisoners occupy the gallery, shown in our picture. This gallery is so contrived that the women have an uninterrupted view of the preacher from between the tall, slanting boards, but cannot see their fellow-prisoners of the other sex. In the corner to the right of the preacher is a box reserved for the Governor of the Gaol, and the Chief Warder has a seat beneath. Between the stove and the reading-desk below the pulpit is the harmonium that leads the musical part of the service. The pulpit, it will be seen, faces the communion table. I4Q THE ROYAL AQUARIUM, WESTMINSTER. This popular place of augment belies its name, for it has but a beggarly show of fish. It red-brick building, Goo feet long, with a glass roof. The founders of the: Aquanum, which and what not ; and it is hopes as to its future; but the place is now a combination of winter garden^, music la , 1 ■ Theatre which however is only used occasionally, claimed for it that at no other place in the world can so many sights be seen. At the far end is the Aquarium Theatre, which, however, is on y The vast building in the distance is Queen Anne’s Mansions. 150 From Photo by Cassell A Co., Urn. CONNAUGHT WATER, EPP1NG FOREST. Epping Forest, in Essex, consisting of 5,500 acres, or rather less than half the space left unenclosed a century ago, was purchased by the Corporation of London, and declared "open ” by the Queen in 1882, as an inalienable possession to the public for all time. Connaught Water, so called after the Duke of Connaught, Ranger of the Forest, extends over seven acres, and contains two islands. Before its transformation into its present the Corporation it was a dismal swamp, known as the Forest Pool. Connaught Water lies in the heart of the prettiest part of Epping Forest, near the well-known Queen Elizabeth's Lodge, on the road to High Beech, and is a favourite resort of boating parties. » 5 * f-rom Photo bj Cassell & Co., Lim. ST. ALBANS ABBEY, FROM THE SOUTH-WEST. Since 1877 the abbey church at St. Albans has ranked as a cathedral. In length it is second only, among English cathedrals, to Winchester, and none occupies a higher site. The Norman tower, at the point of intersection, is 145 feet high. The Roman town of Verulamium was close by, and its tiles are found in the oldest parts of the church, dating from the end of the eleventh century. The abbey was founded by Offa, King of Mercia, in honour of St. Alban, the first Christian martyr in this country, who perished near at hand. The restorations and additions of Lord Grimthorpe, who was his own architect, and spent ^80,000 upon the work, have provoked a great deal of hostile criticism. 152 From Photo by Yorh <£ Son, Hotting Hill, IV. TRAFALGAR SQUARE. LOOKING DOWN WHITEHALL. From the middle of the Terrace in front of the National Gallery, the Clock Tower of the Houses of Parliament is seen rising beyond broad and stately Whitehall. Between the plashing fountains, which are so delightful a feature of Tral tare, with face towards the Nelson Column, is Mr. Hamo Thornycroft's excellent statue of General Gordon, erected in 1888. The height of the Nelson column. 145 feet, or 162 feet if Baily’s heroic statue of the hero on its summit be included, is most easily realised from this point of view. The road to the left in our view is Northumberland Avenue, so called because Northumberland House, the grand old residence of the Percy family, formerly stood on the site. To the right is Cockspur Street, leading to Pall Mall >53 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. MARLBOROUGH HOUSE. It was in 1850 that Marlborough House was settled upon the Prince of Wales, and since his Royal Highness’s marriage, in 1863, it has been his town house. Situated on the south side of Pall Mall, next St. James's Palace, the house was built in 1710 by Wren for the first Duke of Marlborough, whose wife Sarah declared that the concession of this splendid site was almost the only boon she obtained from Queen Anne. In 1817 the Government bought Marlborough House for Princess Charlotte and her husband, Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg, and subsequently it was given to Queen Adelaide as a Dowager house ; while after her death the Vernon pictures were kept here. It is a red-brick building with stone facings. Our view shows the front looking towards the Mall. 134 ii ! 1 1 ( t- 1-1.- ' ,11 MI ■“f From Photo by Cassell &, Co., Lim. THE MILITARY PAGEANT AT THE ROYAL MILITARY TOURNAMENT. Each successive year the Royal Military Tournament seems better than before. It is held early in the London season at the Royal Agricultural Hall, Islington, and every performance is as crowded as the one shown in our picture. The canopy shown on the right distinguishes the royal box. By a long process of weeding out, only the ablest men in the army take part in these contests. The musical rides of the Guards are always one of the most popular items in a generous programme ; but the first place must be given to the mimic battles, or combined displays of all arms. Our view reproduces the interesting display, undertaken by the 3rd (King's Own) Hussars and the Buffs, of the military dresses and the arms in use at various times, from and before the institution of a standing army to the present day. From Photo by Cassell <£. Co., Urn. THE CITY OF LONDON SCHOOL. Almost at the end of the Victoria Embankment, near Blackfriars Bridge, is the City of London School, a handsome building completed in 1883, to supersede the old school, in Milk Street, Cheapside. The School was established by the Corporation of London in so recently as 1834, under Act of Parliament; and it is endowed with property bequoathed in 1442 by John Carpenter, some time Town Clerk of London. Boys are admitted to it between the ages of seven and fifteen year;. Among the distinguished " old boys ” may be mentioned the late Sir J. R. Seeley, the Right Hon. H H. Asquith, M.P., and the Rev. E. A. Abbott, D.D., afterwards headmaster. 156 From Photo by Cassel! A. Co., Urn. STRAWBERRY HILL, TWICKENHAM. Burke characterised Horace Walpole as “an elegant trifler,” and Strawberry Hill as “ a Gothic t \ Ca 2| was Walpole s hobby, and he ga\e it free rein wh n he took possession of this site, on the upper road leading from Twickenham to Teddington, and proceeded to build Strawberry Hill, or The Castle, as its author called it. In the days when Walpole occupied it and here entertained his brilliant circle of friends, t was filled with treasures, which were sold by auction in 1842 for upwards of .£33.000, the sale extending ovei Strawberry H ioto the W aid Jgrave famil), and the late Countess did something to revive its ancient glory. In 1883 it was acquired by the late Baron II de Stern 157 THE UNITED SERVICE CLUB. This Club, whicn occupies the corner of Waterloo Place, and is also numbered 116 and 117, Pall Mail, has a limited membership of 1,600 persons, most of whom are combatant senior officers, both military and naval. To the left of our picture Regent Street begins, and just visible in the middle of that street are the figures o guardsmen which form part of Bell's striking monument to over two thousand officers and soldiers of the Guards who perished in the C rimean Campaign The dome of the National Gallery can just be seen on the left, and the graceful spire to the right is that of the church of St. Martin-in-the-Fields. >58 From Photo by Cassell &, Co., Urn. HIGH STREET, HOUNSLOW The glory has departed from the long High Street of Hounslow, but in the old daj is no livelier sj ot in the neighbourhood of London. For Hounslow was the first stopping-place for coaches leaving the metri polis, and it is asserted that at the time of Queen Victoria's accession five hundred stage-coaches passed along this now deserted street every day, and that fifteen hundred horses were stabled here for changing. Just west of Hounslow town lies the Heath, once famous for its military encampments and notorious for its highwaymen. So late as the beginning of the present century the road over Hounslow Heath was lined with gibbets, from which dangled the remains of knights of the road who had paid the extreme penalty cf the law. «59 From Photo by CasStll <& Co., Lm, >vent Garden Theatre, t destroyed by fire, seats to be seen, colonnade. The station and the chi COVENT GARDEN THEATRE. he headquarters of Italian Opera in this country, was built in 1858 by E. M. Barrv, in Bow Street, on the site of two earlier theatres, both of which were It can accommodate as many as 3,500 persons, and on the nights when the chief vocal artists in the world are singing there are seldom any vacant 1 he theatre is used out of season for fancy dress balls, occasional public meetings, etc. The main entrance is beneath the handsome Corinthian house to the left is the Floral Hall, the wholesale foreign fruit market; and the stone building facing the theatre contains Bow Street police cf Police Court in London. The road at right angles to Bow Street is Long Acre. i 5 o From Photo by Cassell A Co., Um, TEMPLE BAR. Temple Bar was removed from the east end of the Strand in 1878, when the thoroughfare was marked by the memorial which has incurred so much unfavourable criticism Wren's famous gateway, built in 167 1888 in a very different place—at one of the entrances to Theobalds Park, Waltham Cross. Its west side was adorned with statues of Charles I. and Charles II., and the east with statues of James I and Anne of Denmark ; and on the summit the heads of malefactors used to be spiked. In Theobalds Park, bought by Sir Henry Meux in 1SS2. once stood the famous Theobalds Palace, which the first Earl of Salisbury exchanged with James I. for Hatfield This royal palace was demolished by order of the Commonwealth 161 F 5 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim, ST. GEORGE'S CATHEDRAL. It is rather curious that at the very spot where Lord George Gordon's “ No Popery rioters assembled at the end of the last century, St. George’s Roman Catholic Cathedral should have been erected Pugin, the architect, followed the Gothic style, and the work of building was begun in 1840 and finished, with the exception of the tower, in 1848, the cost being £35,000 The Cathedral, which nearly faces Bethlehem Hospital, is badly cramped for space by the surrounding roads. Inside it is 240 feet long by 70 feet wide. The handsome pulpit is constructed of Caen stone. While the chancel and some parts of the Cathedral compel admiration, the general effect of the interior is undeniably bare. It was here that Dr. Wiseman was installed Archbishop of Westminster. l62 2k., x s \ "N - .apfett* ’>» !r ''t« •//// ■ ■ r ‘ /wyStfffrosga1 ' |j kit. m M4 From Photo tiy Cassell & Co , Urn. DEFOE'S HOUSE NEAR MITCHAM. What is known as Defoe's house, near Mitcham (it is really in the parish of Tooting Graveney), is a charming old place on the high road between Tooting an 1 Sutton It is to be feared, however, that its picturesquenes.', constitutes its only claim to a place in this work, for it is something more than doubtful whether Defoe ever had anything to do with it, and according to a local authority it was not built until 1784. more than halt a century after his death < ):i the front gate used to be inscribed the words, in old English characters, " Defoe lived here in 16SS " • but, the owner being satisfied that the tradition was not in accordance with fact, the leg( nd was some years ago removed From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. WHITEHALL, WITH THE HOME OFFICE. An admirable view of the noble Government Offices in Whitehall is obtained from the corner of Parliament Street, whence our photograph is taken. Sir Gilbert Scott de¬ signed these buildings, which are in the Italian style, his preference for the Gothic having been overruled. The only entrance in \\ hitehall admits to the Home Office. In the less lofty buildings beyond Downing Street are the Education Department, the Treasury, and the Privy Council offices. Deyond Whitehall Gardens, on the right, is the Royal United Service Institution, which embraces the superb Banqueting Hall, built by Inigo Jones for James I , and a new annexe. Whitehall derives its name from the old Palace, of which the Banqueting Hall alone remains. 164 - . J Prom Photo by Cassell A Co., Lim. SMOKING-ROOM OF THE CARLTON CLUB. The Smoking-room of the Carlton Club, on the first floor, is 65 feet by 36 feet, and was originally the Library, as the well-fitted bookshelves remain to avouch If its walls could speak they would doubtless be able to tell many an interesting tale, for the Carlton is, of course, the headquarters of the Conservative party, and in this room, from time to time, party deliberations are conducted. The Carlton was established as long ago as 1832. and its membership is not allowed to exceed 1,800. No observant person passing along Pall Mall can fail to notice the handsome club-house at No. 94, with its polished granite pillars. The design is an imitation of the old library of Petrarch’s foundation in the Piazza of St, Mark at Venice, which was built by the great Sansovino From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. HARROW SCHOOL: THE FOURTH FORM ROOM. By far the most interesting room at Harrow School, which was founded in 1571, is the Fourth Form Room. It is the original schoolroom of John Lyon’s foundation, and still contains the old canopied seat provided for the first master, and the uncomfortable forms upon which the first generation of Harrow boys sat. Carved on the dingy oak panelling which surrounds the room are the names, rudely cut by their own hands, of Byron, Sir Robert Peel, Sir William Jones, Lord Palmerston, Sheridan, and of many other Harrovians who became famous in after-life. This historical class-room—the largest of the Harrow rooms, though small in comparison with the Upper School at Eton—is now used only for prayers. 166 HARROW SCHOOL: THE CHAPEL AND LIBRARY. Until 1840 the boys at Harrow School worshipped in the parish church, but Dr Wordsworth then built for them a special chapel, which was superseded in 1854 by the present handsome Gothic structure with a spire Sir Gilbert Scott was the architect of this later chapel, of which one side aisle was erected in memory of the Harro¬ vians who fell in the Crimea. The Library to the extreme right of our view) is called after Dr. Vaughan, who was headmaster when it was built in i860. Sir Gilbert Scott was also architect of the Library, which is in the Decorated style. In this building, in addition to the books for the use of the upper school, are various curiosities and the portraits of successive headmasters and distinguished '* old boys. >*7 asgosKwi scr k m Sr m From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. “THE TIMES" OFFICE, AND WESTERN END OF QUEEN VICTORIA STREET. The office of the Times newspaper, near the west end of Queen Victoria Street, is a plain red-brick building, with a tympanum decorated with oak leaves and acorns. The actual printing of the chief daily paper is done behind, in Printing House Square, and the public are admitted on written application, accompanied by a note of introduction or a reference, to watch the process and inspect the famous Walter press. Further east, still on the north side of Queen Victoria Street, is the church of St Andrew by the Wardrobe, and immediately beyond are the stately headquarters of the British and Foreign Bible Society, erected in 1S68. The loftier building adjoining is the Post Office Savings Bank. i63 From Photo by York &, Son, Notting Hill, W. THE THAMES AND ST. PAUL'S, FROM BANKSIDE. Seen from across the river, the dome and western towers of St. Paul's Cathedral loom larger than ever, and beside the magnihcent proportions of Wren's masterpiece, the spires of neighbouring City churches fade into insignificance. Bankside, from which our view is taken, is, though much altered, a very old part of London, on the Surrey side, between Blackfriars and Southwark Bridges. Across the heavily-laden barges, which are always plentiful at this part of the Thames, St. Paul's steamboat pier may be distinguished from the closely huddled wharves that hide the body of the Cathedral. These wharves are not without an element of the picturesque in their irregularity and confusion of outline, and they afford striking evidence, of course, of the busy trade carried on hereabouts. pit 169 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. ALBERT MANSIONS. Albert Mansions may be described as excellent specimens of the modern red-brick houses or residential flats that are being built with such rapidity on many eligible sites in London. No situation could well be pleasanter than this in Kensington Gore, the road leading from Knightsbridge to Kensington, which obtains its curious name from Gore House, made famous by William Wilberforce, as well as by Lady Blessington, who attracted to her nearly all the contemporary men of genius in letters, art, or ience. The Royal Albert Hall, whose stately entrance west of Albert Mansions is shown above, stands on the site of Gore House, which, with its grounds, was bought by the Commissioners of the Great Exhibition for £60,000 The Mansions face Kensington Gardens, and command a view of the Albert Memorial. 170 SOUTH KENSINGTON MUSEUM: THE SCULPTURE HALL. Our view shows the south corridor of South Kensington Museum, devoted to the display of casts of antique sculpture—such as, for example, the celebrated " Wrestlers” to the left,familiar to visitors to the Uffizi at Florence—and it may be reached either by the entrance in Cromwell Road or from Exhibition Road. The corridor stretches between the staircases leading respectively to the Tapestry and Textile Fabric Room and to the Science and Education Library. The Museum, which was opened in 1857, is one of the subdivisions of the Science and Art Department, and is under the control of the Education Department. Nearly ^n.ooa is voted annually by Parliament for the purposes of this museum and of its Bethnal Green branch. 171 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Urn. THE QUADRANGLE, ST. BARTHOLOMEW’S HOSPITAL. Although the great Quadrangle of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Smithfield, only dates from 1730 (Gibbs being the architect), the Hospital itself is the oldest in London. The founder was Rahere, minstrel to Henry I., and first prior of St. Bartholomew’s, of which the Hospital formed part. ‘‘Dick ” Whittington, Lord Mayor of London, enlarged the place, w'hich was re-established by Henry VIII. ten years after the suppression of the monasteries. The income of “ Bart’s,” as the Hospital is commonly called, is ^50,000 a year, and in the course of twelve menths some 7,000 in-patients, who as they become convalescent take the air in the pleasant open space showm in our picture, receive treatment, besides nearly 180,000 out-patients. Harvey and Abernethy are among the famous men who have been connected with this Hospital. 172 From Photo by York & Son, Netting Hill, W, VIEW FROM RICHMOND HILL. The view from Richmond Hill is, by universal consent, the finest within a few miles of London ; indeed, of its kind, it is difficult to surpass anywhere Between banks of varying creen winds the silver ribbon of the Thames, ever narrowing as it recedes, with many a willow-topped eyot, the country spreads out before us as on a map. and everywhere there close in dense masses of foliage. Here and there may be noticed a steeple or tower; and in the distance a bright line of colour, if it be early summer may mark the chestnut avenue of Bushy Park ; but else it might almost seem, from this particular spot, as though most of the country below were a vast stretch of forest. It is this woodland appearance, so close to the greatest city in the world, that makes the scene so peculiar as well as so beautiful. F 4 173 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lint . THE PEOPLE'S PALACE. The exterior of the People’s Palace, with its clock tower in front, presents quite an imposing appearance when seen from across the Mile End Road. Access to the Oueens Hall (shown on the opposite page) is gained through the main entrance in front. To the right are the fine technical and trade workshops in which the Drapers Company (whose Master, Sir J. H Johnson, is Chairman of the Governors of the Palace) take a lively and generous interest. In the rear of the main building are the library and reading-rooms, which are open on Sundays as well as on weekday's; and more to the west is a swimming-bath given by Lord Rosebery'. Ihe site cost £22,400. In the course of the year more than a million and a half persons visit the institution. From Photo by Castell A Co , Lim. PEOPLE'S PALACE: THE QUEENS' HALL Her Majesty the Queen in person opened the Queens’ Hall at the People's Palace for East London, in the Mile End Road, in May 1887—the Jubilee year. It derives its name from the fact that there are statues all round the building of the Queens of England, by Mr. F. Verheyden. The architect of the Hall was Mr E R R< bson. It is used for public meetings, concerts, occasional loan exhibitions of pictures, etc., and contains a fine organ. Such a hall was the necessary complement to the scheme based on Mr Barber Beaumont’s Philosophical Institute, and promoted so effectively by Sir Wait* r Besant’s novel, " All Sorts and Conditions of Men.” Altogether, some £100,000 was needed for the undertaking, and of this Mr B; aum int It ft the nucleus, while the Drapers' Company gave £60,000. From Photo by Cassell &. Co , Lim, THE “WORCESTER" TRAINING SHIP. To those who know the lower reaches and the estuary of the Thames, the old men-of-war at anchor here and there, now in use as training ships, are familiar objects. The Worcester, a two-decker of 4,725 tons, formerly the Frederick William, at present lies moored off Greenhiths, and has been lent to the Thames Marine Officers’ Training Ship Society. Boys are educated on this vessel for a seafaring career at a cost of from forty-five to fifty guineas a year, and the Board of Trade allows two years spent on her to count as one year's sea-service. The Admiralty also favours the ship by nominating some of the boys to cadetships in the Royal Naval Reserve, and her Majesty gives prizes for competition. From Photo by Cassell A Co , Urn, THE DURDANS, EPSOM. The Durdans is close to the town of Epsom. The original house was built b) the thirteenth Lord Berkeley, who here entertained Charles II. and others, including Evelyn and Pepys. The Earl of Guildford lived at The Durdans for a while, and another of its occupiers was Frederick, Prince of Wales. This older house, however, was destroyed by fire in 1764. The Marquis of Lome for a time resided in its successor, and it was afterwards acquired by the Earl of Rosebery, who has blocked up the old front entrance, which faced the south, and has made a new one near the stables under the tower on the west, and in various ways has greatly improved the mansion. The stables at The Durdans, whence issued the winners of two successive Derbies during Lord Rosebery 's Premiership, are among the finest in the country. >"’7 From Photo by J. T. Sanded, Thornton Heath, S. IV. THE PRISON IN THE LOLLARDS’ TOWER, LAMBETH PALACE. The Lollards’ Tower at Lambeth Palace is really the Water Tower, and only since the beginning of last century has it been believed that Wycliffe’s followers were incar¬ cerated here. In the upper part of the tower is the room once used as a prison, dating probably from the thirteenth century. It forms part of a staircase turret, and is 13! feet long, 12 feet wide, and 8 feet high. On the walls may still be seen the inscriptions of prisoners who were chained to the rings shown in our picture. As stated on an earlier page, the post Lovelace, on account of his Royalist principles, and the Earl of Essex, who for a time enjoyed Queen Elizabeth’s favour, were here held in durance. 78 From Photo by Cassell A Co. Urn. SHAFTESBURY AVENUE. Our view of Shaftesbury Avenue is taken from Piccadilly Circus. This broad thoroughfare, opened in 18S6, leads from the Circus to New Oxford Street, which it strikes nearly opposite the beginning of Hart Street, meeting on the way Charing Cross Road, at Cambridge Circus, and Great St. Andrew Street further on ; and it has proved a great convenience to the public. On the left of the Avenue may be seen the Lvric Theatre, and, some way beyond it, the tower of St. Anne's Church, Soho. 1 he fountain in Piccadilly Circus, which stands forth on the left of our picture, was erected in memory of that great philanthropist, the late Lord Shaftesbury, in 1893. The sculptor was Mr. Alfred Gilbert, R.A. The building to the right, with the handsome columns, is the London Pav ilion Music Hall '79 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim HOLLY LODGE, KENSINGTON. Special interest attaches to Holly Lodge, for here Lord Macaulay spent the last three years of his life, and died. The villa is in a very secluded spot in the district bounded by Palace Gardens on the east and by Holland House on the west—known as Campden Hill. Those who pass by in the long winding lane where the house stands can see nothing of it, and its pleasant rural aspect is still unspoilt. Lord Macaulay died in the library, where the fatal seizure attacked him on December 2Sth, 1859. After his death the Earl of Airlie took the house, and called it Airlie Lodge, but now the old name has been revived. Holly Lodge has next it Argyll Lodge, the London house of the Duke cf Argyll. i So Cassell Co , Lint. THE CENTRAL SYNAGOGUE. The great Central Synagogue of the Jews, in Great Portland Street, is a fine specimen of Orientai arcliitecture, with Moorish columns ana arenes. Our view shows the Ark, which in synagogues is always placed at the end nearest Jerusalem; and for the moment the gold-embroidered curtain which hides it is drawn back. Above the Ark are tables of stone, on which the two first words of each of the Ten Commandments are engraved ; and through the small circular window, higher still, shines the light that is never allowed to go out. The galleries are occupied by women, the body of the synagogue by men, who, according to Jewish custom, worship with covered iieads. This synagogue is one of those under the superintendence of Chief Rabbi Adler i«*v.,*; From Photo by Cassell & Co , Lim, TWICKENHAM CHURCH. During one spring night in 1713 Twickenham Church fell down bodily, with the exception of the tower, which is said to date from the middle of the fourteenth century. The church was rebuilt of red brick in a style characterised by Cobbett as “ exemplary,” but without question plain, if solid. Within the last fifty years the old wooden bell turret, which used to stand on the summit of the tower, has been removed. In the church, dedicated to St. Mary, is Warburton's epitaph on Pope (“ for one who would not be buried in Westminster Abbey ”), who was, of course, intimately associated with the parish. Sir Godfrey Kneller, who was interested in the rebuilding of the church, is buried within it; and in the churchyard were interred the remains of Kitty Clive, the actress. l82 INTERIOR OF THE ROYAL ALBERT HALL. The Royal Albert Hall, Kensington, was built in 1867-71 at a cost of £200,000, of which some £40,000 was obtained by the sale of boxes. The arena is 100 feet by 70 feet, and holds a thousand persons, while altogether some eight thousand can be comfortably accommodated. Above the three rows of boxes and the balcony, is a gallery, where on occasion pictures are exhibited. In keeping with this enormous amphitheatre is the organ, one of the largest in the world, with its eight thousand pipes, and its bellows worked by two steam engines. The Hall is used mostly for organ recitals and concerts ; but now and again, so admirable are its acoustic properties, it is the scene of public meetings. IN KEW GARDENS. It is almost impossible to imagine a pleasanter retreat on a hot summer day than the Botanic Gardens at Kew. From the time that Sir William Hooker became Curator of the Gardens they have flourished exceedingly. Sir William, who died in 1865, was succeeded by his son, Sir Joseph Hooker; the present director is Dr. W. T. Thiselton-Dyer. All kinds of flowers, shrubs, and trees have been acclimatised; and the more botany a visitor knows, the greater are his interest and delight. Here and there have been erected ornamental temples, one of which is shown in our view of a characteristic part of the grounds. Tne Gardens are open every afternoon, including Sundays. From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. 184 WATER-LILY HOUSE, KEW GARDENS. One of the most attractive houses in the Botanical Gardens at Kew is the Water-lily House. It is situated near the large Palm House, by the pond at the south end of the Gardens The tank, which is shown in our picture, is 36 feet in diameter, and it contains many rare varieties of water-hl.es. From the centre rises a very tine Papyrus plant. In addition to the numerous lilies, the Sacred Bean of Egypt, the Telegraph Plant of India, the Sensitive Plant, and other curiosities, are to be found in the house, which is well calculated to arouse the interest of even the most ignorant visitor. The famous \ ictoria Regia Water-lily, of which so much is heard, grows in another building. From Photo by Cassell & Co-, Lim _ “LA MARGUERITE” LEAVING TILBURY. Those who are accustomed to steamboat excursions from London need no intioduction to La Marguerite, which the Fairfield Company built for the owners of the New Palace steamers. When she was launched, in the early summer of 1894, it was claimed that she was the largest vessel afloat adventuring on daily voyages. La Margueiite is licensed to carry three thousand passengers as far as Margate, and two thousand across the Channel; she is 330 feet long, 40 feet broad (73 feet over the paddles), and 26 feet deep. Her hull is of steel, and she is lighted throughout by electricity, while the luxurious fittings on board do not belie the popular description of her as a " floating palace.” 1S6 From Photo by Cassell A Co., Urn. HIGH STREET, WATFORD. Watford is an old market town in the south-west of the county of Hertfordshire, close to a ford over the Colne, from which circumstance it derives its name. The broad High Street is quite a sight on market days, when there is a lively business done in corn and live stock. Straw-plaiting, paper-making, wood turning, malting, and various other industries are carried on in the neighbourhood; and the little town has been able to boast a Public Library and a School of Science and Art ever since 1874. At Watford is the London Orphan Asylum, a large building in the Elizabethan style, surrounded by extensive grounds. The town is served by the London and North- Western Railway Company, which has here a junction. l 87 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim^ ST. JOSEPHS RETREAT, FROM WATERLOW PARK, HIGHGATE. St. Joseph's Retreat is the chief English monastery of the Passionist Fathers, a Congregation founded by Paul of the Cross in 1737, their first house, being set up on the Celian hill at Rome. The rules of the Order require that such houses should be built outside a town ; and a more convenient and commanding site than that at Hig gate could not easily be found near London. The late Cardinal Manning opened St. Joseph’s Retreat in 1876, and the handsome chapel was completed fifteen \ears later, namely, in 1891. Together, in general aspect, the buildings resemble what may be seen in many parts of Italy where the clergy have established themsel.es. Waterlow Park, from which our view is taken, was presented to the public by Sir Sydney Waterlow in 1891. 188 REGENT CIRCUS AND OXFORD STREET. LOOKING EAST. Oxford Street, including New Oxford Street, is over a mile and a half long, and, with Holborn, forms the main channel of intercourse between the West End and the City proper—between the fashionable residential quarter and the counting-house of London's vast city The central point of Oxford Street is Regent (or Oxford) Circus— not far from the top of Regent Street—where the line of east and west communication crosses one of the lines which connect the north and south Finally, Oxford Street ends at the Marble Arch, Hyde Park, and continues on by the Bays 1 into the West Country, this being the old coach route I trict now served from Paddington by the Great Western Railway. 189 From Pl.oio by Cassell & Co., Urn. BOW STREET POLICE COURT. The building shown in our picture contains the Police Court and the police station at the north end of Bow Street It is in the Italian style, and was erected in 18S0-1. The Police Court, which has been the chief petty court in London since the last century', is attended by three magistrates, of whom the principal one is Sir John Bridge. All extradition cases are heard here. It is entered from the corner where the cab is seen waiting ; the next door admits to the yard, and through it passes the police van, popularly known as “ Black Maria” ; while the door still further to the right is that of the police station proper. Several constables off duty may be noticed leaning out of the windows to watch the photographer's operations. I90 From Photo by York «£ Son, Notting Hill, VJ, WINDSOR CASTLE: A NEAR VIEW OF THE ROUND TOWER. The most conspicuous part of Windsor Castle is the Round Tower, or Keep, which rises from the east side of the Lower Ward. The carefully laid-out mound on which ii is built is 42 feet high, and the battlements 80 feet. The Tower is not absolutely circular, as it measures 102 feet by 95 feet. Until towards the end of the seventeenth century the Keep was used as a prison ; now its chief end is to provide a point of view whence a dozen counties can be seen. Entrance to the Tower is obtained from the Upper Ward, near the handsome Norman Gateway, on the north side (to the left in our view ) The other Gate, on the south, is known as St. George's Gateway. In the Tower is a bell, weighing nearly a ton, brought from Sebastopol 191 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. CHRIST'S HOSPITAL. This view of Christ's Hospital is familiar enough to those who pass through Newgate Street. The building to the left is the Hall, built by John Shaw in the late Gothic style in 1825-9. Here the boys have their meals, including the time-honoured Lenten suppers, to which the public are admitted. The brick building over the cloisters is now used for dormitories, and the spire is that of Christ Church, Newgate Street, where the Spital (Hospital) sermons are preached. The School was founded in I 55 2 by Edward VI., and stands on the site of an old monastery of the Grey Friars. Christ’s Hospital scholars are generally called “Bluecoat" boys, from the fact that they wear long blue coats, knee-breeches, and vivid yellow stockings Camden, Richardson, Coleridge, Lamb, and Leigh Hunt were Bluecoat boys. 192 rrom Photo by Cassell A Co., L m, THE IMPERIAL INSTITUTE: THE ENTRANCE HALL. On passing into the Imperial Institute at South Kensington by the magnificent main entrance, and ascending the staircase, one finds oneself in the lofty Hall, which is in complete accord with the rest of Mr T. E Colcutt’s masterpiece. Its roof and side galleries are supported by pillars of beautiful Numidinn marl red-brown tint agreeably contrasts with the greys and greens of the other marbles so lavishly employed. The main entrance 1 for Fell >ws I :itute and their friends; and the Hall is used for lectures, concerts and other entertainments The bust of the Queen, shown in our view, is a reminder of the lact that her Majesty in person both laid the stone of, and formally opened, this national memorial of her Jubilee •93 From Photo by Cassell &. Co., Um. BUCKINGHAM PALACE. FROM ST. JAMES'S PARK. From this point of view is seen the principal facade of Queen Victoria's London residence—that part of Buckingham Palace which faces the east. This side of the huge quad¬ rangle is 300 feet long, and was added in 1846 by Blore, Parliament voting ^150,000 for the purpose. The style is German, of the last century, and the architect wisely made no attempt to harmonise the new front with the older parts, built by Nash in the reign of George IV. Formerl}' there stood here the mansion of the Duke of Buckingham- hence the name : this was bought by George III , and rebuilt by his successor. Before the present front was erected, the Marble Arch served as the gateway to the Palace, which was unoccupied for some years before Her Majesty began to reside here. The rooms on the north side are those used by the Queen. 194 1^ ‘ ' [* t \. ys '~ Mfcl If*',:’ From Photo by York & Son, Not ting Hill, W. THE THRONE ROOM, BUCKINGHAM PALACE. As befits that part of the Queen's London residence where Her Majesty holds her " Drawing Rooms,” the Throne Room at Buckingham Palace, although not laige, is sumptuously decorated and furnished. It is situated in the east front ; and is sixty feet long. Its walls are hung with gold and crimson satin and velvet, the ceiling is richly carved and gilded, and the massive candelabra make their contribution to the general splendour. Hut the finest feature of the Throne Room is I frieze illustrating incidents in the Wars of the Roses, sculptured by Baily after designs by Stothard. The Queen's Throne, which gives its name to the apartment, is seen in our view surmounted by a canopy. From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim . WICKHAM COURT. West Wickham almost adjoins the picturesque commons of Hayes and Keston. Wickham Court, in which some resemblance to Holland House has been noted, is con¬ structed of warm-red brick, with dressings of Kentish rag-stone A house is known to have stood here in the reign of Edward IV., and it was this, doubtless, that Sir Henry Heydon rebuilt in the reign of Henry VIII. Anne Boleyn, a relative of the Heydons, frequently visited the mansion. For three centuries Wickham Court has been the seat of the Lennard family, and it is now the property of Sir John Farnaby Lennard, who married a daughter of the house and added her surname to his own Although much altered, it still retains many of its most interesting features; and it is beautifully situated, looking out upon a long sweep of park. From Photo by Casaell A Co., BYRON'S ELM, HARROW. The church of Harrow, known as St. Mary’s, is on the very top of the hill, and a prominent object for miles in ever}- direction Most of the church is fourteenth century work, but a doorway and window on the west of the tower are remains of the first building by Lanfranc, in the reign of the Conqueror. In the churchyard, south¬ west of the church, is an altar tomb (enclosed by iron rails to protect it from the initial-cutting fraternit\ i on which Byron was fond of sitting during his school-days, and which is repeatedly mentioned by him both in letters and in his poems. Close to it is a noble elm, which is known locally as Byron's Elm From this part of the churchyard is to be had one of the finest views in the neighbourhood of London. G- From Photo by Casscl! & Co., Linr.. CHEAPSIDE, WITH BOW CHURCH, LOOKING WEST. St. Mary-le-Bow is one of Wren’s masterpieces, but it is hardly seen to advantage in crowded Cheapside. An earlier church on the same site was borne by stone arches, and this fact is commemorated by the name of the present structure, erected in 1671, after the Great Fire, at a cost of nearly /8,000. The superb tower is 235 feet high; and. according to tradition, only those born within the sound of Bow bells are properly called " cockneys." On the north side of Cheapside is the Mercers' Hall, a reminder that this street, one of the oldest in London, although now almost entirely modernise!, was once specially associated with mercers. Cheapside is one of the busiest streets, and blocks of traffic occur in it with irritating frequency. J98 From Photo by Catsell A Co., Urn. LEADENHALL MARKET. Leadenhall, the chief market for poultry and game in London, is one of the sights of the metropolis, especially at Christmastide. On this spot, off Leadenhall Street, stood Sir Hugh Neville's house, which was converted into a market as far back as 1445. It was rebuilt in 1730, and again in 1879. As our view shows, the structure is spacious, light, and airy. In Charles II.’s time Leadenhall Market was considered a marvel, and the Spanish ambassador is reported to have remarked to the king that more meat was sold therein than in all the kingdom of Spain. It was formerly also a leather market; and its purlieus are now' well-known to the " fancy ” who deal in dogs. Leadenhall is one of the markets under the control of the City Corporation 199 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Liix. THE ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS: THE LIONS' HOUSE Without question, one of the chief attractions of the Zoological Gardens is the Lions' House. The present building is 230 feet long by 50 feet wide, and is admirably adapted for its purpose, being well warmed and ventilated. The cages are roomy, and separated from teasing visitors by a broad barrier. Every afternoon when the lions are fed the house is crowded, so much so that warnings to “ beware of pickpockets ” are prominently displayed ; but on Sundays, when admission to the Gardens can only be obtained on presentation of a Fellow's order, the " function ” can be seen with less difficulty. In the Lions’ House is a bust of the first President of the Zoological Society, Sir Stamford Raffles. The London lions, although not a numerous collection, are splendid specimens of their tribe. From Photo by Cassell A Co., Um. SCENE IN THE ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS. The elephants form one of the most popular features of the" Zoo.” “ Men are but children of a larger growth,” and those who ride on the lordly beasts’ backs are by no means only little ones, as our illustration of a characteristic scene in the Gardens on a summer's day shows very clearly The elephants live in the northern p irtii in of the Gardens, between the Regent’s Canal and the Outer Circle, and behind their house is the pond w here they bathe w hen the weather is warm, to the infinite enjoyment of bystanders. But the ponderous creatures come through the tunnel to take their walks abroad in the leafy neighbourhood of the eagles’ avaries. One of the Indian elephants now in the Gardens is only a few inches shorter than the much-lamented Jumbo G 201 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. CYCLING AT HERNE HILL. I he London County Cycling and Athletic Club owns the unusually picturesque grounds at Herne Hill, which boast one of the finest cycling tracks in the country. It is made of wood battens with slight interstices, and is banked up to nine feet, three and a half laps equalling a mile. Our view, taken at an early hour before the admission of the public, shows a twenty-four hours' race in progress. The riders are just reaching the level in front of the Grand Stand, and it may be noticed that they are being placed by a triplet. 1 he inside track is of cinders, and is a quarter of a mile in extent ; on the grass in the centre lawn tennis is played. The surrounding trees almost completely shelter the grounds from the wind—a great desideratum, of course. 202 From Photo by Cassell A Co., Urn, THE CONSTITUTIONAL CLUB. As may be inferred from its name, the Constitutional Club is a political institution, founded in 1883 as a rendezvous for Conservatives, with its membership limited to 6,500. The tall, handsome club house, shown in the middle of our picture, is a red and yellow terra cotta building in the style of the German Renaissance, and was designed by Col R. W. Edis, of the Artists’ Volunteer Corps. It lies on the north side of Northumberland Avenue, adjoining the Grand Hotel, and facing the Hotel Victoria and the premises of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. The narrow street to the right is Northumberland Street, leading to the Strand. Across Trafalgar Square, beyond the Nelson Column, are the Union Club and the Royal College of Physicians. 203 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lira. THE ROYAL UNITED SERVICE INSTITUTION MUSEUM, WITH WHITEHALL Our view shows (on the left) the front and north side of the famous Banqueting Hall, built by Inigo Jones for James I. in 1619-21. On a scaffold against the front Charles I. was beheaded. George I turned the Hall into a royal chapel, though it was never consecrated ; and in 1894 it was transferred to the Royal United Sen ice Institution for its Museum. This Institution was founded in 1830, and its Museum consists of a very fine collection of arms and armour, of models of Waterloo, dra a gar, aru other battles, and of various interesting relics. In the adjoining new building lectures are given on naval and military topics. Across Whitehall are the Horse Guarc s, Dover House (the headquarters of the Secretary for Scotland), and other Government offices, while in the distance rise the three towers of the Houses of I arliament. 204 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Urn. HIGHGATE CEMETERY. By far the most picturesque of the burial grounds in the immediate neighbourhood of the Metropolis is Highgate Cemetery. It was laid out by the London Cemetery Com¬ pany, being one of the first to be established under the Burial Act of 1835. The undulating grounds are so arranged as to appear much more extensive than they really are. At the termination of a fine avenue is a circular road, and in the centre is the magnificent cedar of Lebanon shown in our picture. Among those buried here may be mentioned Michael Faraday, George Eliot, F L>. Maurice, and Crabb Robinson The Gothic church of St Michael, just outside the Cemetery, is a conspicuous object for miles around ; and the Cemetery is well worth visiting, if it be only to gain the views that it affords. G * 105 From Photo by Casse// & Co., Lim. ADDINGTON PALACE. Addington Palace, which is about three miles from Croydon, has been the country seat of the Archbishops of Canterbury' since 1S08, when the manor was sold to Archbishop button for use as a summer residence, instead of the old Palace at Croydon. The chapel, library, etc., were added in 1830 by Archbishop Howley', who spent a great deal of money on the house and grounds. The unpretentious Palace itself is a substantial stone building in the Palladian style, admirably situated on rising ground ; and the park, which extends over five hundred acres, is one of the most delightful in all Surrey. In the graveyard of the village church at Addington Arch¬ bishop fait is buried, as well as earlier Primates of the Church of England. 200 MIDDLE TEMPLE HALL. By some good judges the roof of the fine Gothic Hall of the Middle Temple, of which the exterior is shown on page 70, is considered to be the best piece of Elizabethan architecture in London ; and the Renaissance screen is also very handsome It was here that Shakespeare's “ Twelfth Night was acted on February 2nd, 100 2. less than six months after its first production ; and many a famous revel has been held within its walls The Term dinners are now eaten in this Hall, which is ornamented with the arms of the Knight Templars, by various portraits, ; n 1 by busts of Lord Lldon and his brother, Lord Stowell, by Behnes The stained glass windows display the arms of members of the Temple who have also had seats in tiie House of Lords. 207 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. PUTNEY BRIDGE, FROM THE MIDDLESEX BANK. l’utney Bridge is a graceful stone structure of five arches, connecting Putney, on the Surrey side of the Thames, with Fulham, on the Middlesex bank. The present bridge, superseding an older and more picturesque one, was opened by the Prince and Princess of Wales in 1886. It cost ^240,000, and was designed by the late Sir J. W. Bazalgette. The surrounding district is very pleasant. Above bridge is Fulham Palace, the residence of the Bishops of London since the first half of the thirteenth century; and at the respective ends of the bridge are Putney and Fulham churches. Putney is a great rowing centre; and the Thames championship course, over which the Oxford and Cambridge boatrace is rowed annually, extends from a short distance above the bridge to Mortlake. 208 From Photo hy Cassell &. Co., Lim. THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE. SOUTH KENSINGTON. The first building on the right-hand side of Exhibition Road, seen on quitting Cromwell Road, is the Royal College of Science, the handsome red-brick and yellow terra-cotta structure of which we give an illustration. It was built in 1872-73 from designs by Major-General Scott, and to Messrs. Godfrey Sykes and J. Gamble belongs the credit of the remarkably fine sgraffito decorations. The College is entered through an arch at the north corner (to the left in our view), and this is the way also to the National Art Training College and the South Kensington Museum. The Royal College of Science, which is included in the Science and Art Department, was estab¬ lished for the training of teachers and others in natural science and allied subjects, and I’rofessor Huxley was Dean until his death 2.9 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lini. FURNIVAL'S INN. Ouv view of Furnival's Inn is taken looking out through the archway upon Holborn. The Inn is situated on the north side of that busy thoroughfare, between Brooke Street and Leather Lane. According to some authorities there once stood here the town mansion of the Lords Furnival; however this may be, the enclosure was long an Inn of Chancery—from the time of Henry IV. onwards—and Sir Thomas More was once Reader of the Inn. But it has now lost this distinction, and in 1818 it was entirely rebuilt. Furnival’s Inn will always have an interest for admirers of Charles Dickens, for in chambers here the great novelist lived, and wrote the first part of the “ Pickwick Papers.” 2 IO ST. THOMAS'S HOSPITAL. St. 1 homas s is indubitably the finest hospital yet erected, stretching along the Surrey side of the Thames from Westminster Bridge towards Lambeth Palace, and facing the Houses of Parliament. The Hospital was founded in 1228, but the present building, by Currie, reared at a cost of half a million, only dates from 1S71, the old premises in Southwark having just before this been sold to the South Eastern Railway Compan) In the Palladian style, it consists of eight red-brick, stone-faced pavilions, united by arcades; the whole structure being 1,700 feet long by 250 feet deep St. Thomas's contains nearly six hundred beds, and in the course of the year some 5,000 in-patients and So,000 out-patients are treated The income of the Hospital is ^40,000 211 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. TOWER OF LONDON: ST. JOHN'S CHAPEL On the second floor of the White Tower, or Keep, of the Tower of London, that part which William the Conqueror built in 1078, is the Chapel of St. John, a singularly interesting specimen of Norman architecture—the best preserved, indeed, in all England. Nothing could be simpler, nothing more effective Its massive pillars, rising from square bases and ending in cubical capitals, support a triforium gallery, and the intervals between these pillars are spanned, like the windows, by semicircular arches, I he walls are of coarse masonry; the barrel vaulting of the roof and the groining of the aisles are rougher still. The fortress also contains the chapel of St. Petrus ad Vincula, shown on the next page. 21*2 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. TOWER OF LONDON: SITE OF THE SCAFFOLD. WITH THE CHAPEL OF ST. PETER. Our picture shows a portion of Tower Green, with the chapel of St. Petrus ad Vincula, at the north-west corner of the famous fortress. In the centre of the Green, which is well planted with trees, is a small, square place, marked off and railed in by the express command of Queen Victoria. The flat stone shows the site of the block on which six persons were beheaded in the years 1536 to 1601—Henry VIII’s Queens, Anne B >leyn and Katherine Howard, the Countess of Salisbury, Lady Jane Grey, the Viscountess Rochfort, sister-in-law of Anne Boleyn and arraigned with Katherine Howard, and Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex All these were buried in St. Peter's Chapel, with many others who were executed in public on Tower Hill. 213 From Photo by Cassell & Co , Lim. KNELLER HALL, TWICKENHAM. Kneller Hall, near Hounslow, was known as \\ hitton House, from the district in which it lies, when Sir Godfrey Ivneller had it for his summer residence. It has been as- suti <1 that the famous German artist, who was painter to the Court from Charles II.’s time to his death in 1723, was buried in the grounds of this house ; but the seems ’ ' ,e that his remains were interred in Twickenham Church. Kneller Hall has been entirely rebuilt since Sir Godfrey’s day. For a time it was occupied as a Normal Training College, of which the present Archbishop of Canterbury was Principal; but in 1856 it was bought by the War Office, and it has since been used as a school of military music. 214 INTERIOR OF THE CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT. Our picture shows the interior of the chief of the two Courts at the Old Bailey, where criminal trials for London and Middlesex are held. To the left is the dock ; below the double windows is the jury box ; in the foreground, to the right, marked by the gas-pipe, is the reporters’ box, in front of which are the seats for barristers ; while the small table in the well of the Court is reserved for solicitors, t nder the canopy, where hangs the emblematic sword of justice, the I layor, or the senior alderman on duty, takes his seat, with the judge at the unpretentious desk to his right, and with City colleagues and the Sheriff to his left. One of the judges from the Queen’s Bench presides over the more important trials, instead of, as ordinarily, the Recorder or the Common Sergeant. ■r/o - ' 4 ' r V -1 EPggan From Photo by Cassell & Co., Urn. HIGH STREET, SUTTON. Sutton, or South Town, in Surrey, with downs adjoining those of Banstead and Epsom, is one of the most delightful places in Greater London, though its old-world charms ha\t. been somewhat marred by the modern villas and other buildings which have been erected to meet the requirements of City men who have been attracted to it by it;* ins igorating air and picturesque scenery. The sign which spans the High Street, as shown in our view, is that of " The Cock,” a famous old hostelry, which was one of the posting stations of the old Brighton stage-coaches, and is a very busy place during the Derby week, when thousands of people make their way by road to the Epsom racecourse. I he \ery signs of such inns as “ The Cock ” and " The Greyhound " are evidence of the sporting proclivities of Sutton in past days. 216 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lint. VICTORIA STREET, WESTMINSTER. WITH THE ARMY AND NAVY STORES. Victoria Street is a modern thoroughfare, stretching from Broad Sanctuary to the railway termini known ns Victoria Station. It extends for more than a thousand yards, and is eighty feet broad. On either side are enormous buildings, ranging from five to eight storeys high, and consisting chiefly of residential flats. One monster block, on the south side, at about the middle, is occupied by the Army and Navy Stores, where innumerable people do nearly all their shopping ; and there are invariably a row of carriages and a crowd of dogs waiting outside the entrance beneath the clock. The making of Victoria Street did away with a number of slums that gave Westminster a bad reputation, which now it no longer deserves. 217 From Photo by Cassell & Co , Lim. BROMLEY PALACE. Just outside the town of Bromley is the Falace shown in our picture. As early as the eighth century the Bishops of Rochester owned the manor, but on the rearrangement cf the diocese it passed into the hands of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, who sold it in 1845 to Mr. Coles Child. A place at Danbury, near Chelmsford, was given to the See in exchange for Bromley. The original Bromley Palace is supposed to date from 1100, but the present house was erected in 1775 by Bishop Thomas. It is a substantially built mansion of red-brick with stone dressings, in the style characteristic of the period, and over the porch may be noticed the carved arms of the See. d he park in which the Palace is agreeably situated is a fine one, set about with well-grown trees. 218 GREENWICH HOSPITAL: THE PAINTED HALL. In the south-west block of Greenwich Hospital, known as King William Building, is the famous Painted Hall, designed by Wren as a refectory. It is one hundred feet long by fifty feet high and broad, and has a raised upper hall, containing Nelson relics, and a cupola. Sir James Thornhill painted the allegorical pictures on the ceiling and the wall, during the years 1708-27, being paid three pounds per square yard for the former work, and one pound a yard for the latter. In 1S23 tins refectory was transformed into a not-too-well-lighted gallery for the exhibition of pictures, executed by some of our most famous artists, of great sea-fights and of distinguished naval heroes. The Painted Hall is open to the public on Sundays as well as on weekdays. 21Q From Fhoio by Cassell & Co., Lim. THE COLLEGE OF ARMS. Standing well back from the road, the red-trick College of Arms, or Heralds’ College, is a noticeable building in Queen Victoria Street, City. It was rebuilt in 16S3, in con¬ sequence of the Great Fire. The College is concerned in preserving the pedigrees and armorial bearings of old families, and in granting, for a fee, arms to new ones. It consists of three kings-at-arms, six heralds, and four pursuivants, the Duke of Norfolk being hereditary Earl-Marshal Camden was one of the heralds, who in the old days constituted a Court of Honour to resent reflections on the aristocracy and to degrade the unworthy This corporation is a curious survival of the age of chivalry. In the College library are preserved interesting curiosities and valuable genealogical records. 225 From Photo by Cassell A Co.. Urn. WALTHAM CROSS. Three miles west of Epping Forest is Waltham Cross, one of the three " time-mouldering crosses, gemm'd with imager) < >f costliest work and Gothic tracery,” which an that remain of those erected by Edward I. to mark the spots where a halt was made when the dead body of Eleanor of Castile was bei yed from Nottinghamshire to Westminster Abbey. This cross, constructed of Caen stone, is hexagonal in form, and is in three stag< middle open contains statues of Queen Eleanor. It was erected in 1294 at a cost of £95, and had suffered much from decay when, a few years ago, it was rather drastically restored The " Four Swans " beyond is an old inn, once well know n as a posting station. The signboard which spans the street bears the legend, “ Ye Olde Foure Swannes Hostelrie. 1260." 221 From Phot , by Cassell & Co., Lint. RICHMOND BRIDGE. A delightful view of the once royal town of Richmond and of splendidly-wooded Richmond Hijl is obtainable from the tow-path below the Bridge. This structure, in which " Attic elegance and strength unite,” cost ^26,000, and was erected in 1777. It serves to connect Richmond with St. Margarets, on the Middlesex side. The campanile on the left lends a foreign aspect to the town as seen in our picture. The famous “ Star and Garter" crowns the hill further on. Here the Thames runs swiftly, although less so than before the new' lock w'as built a little lower down, as boating parties well know. Between the bank and the island on the right there is generally a fishing party moored in a punt ; and the sailing barges higher up are familiar objects. 222 HhUbHkI From Photo by Cassell & Co., Inn. RICHMOND CHURCH. What Richmond Church may lack in beauty it makes up in interest. The tower is very old, but the body of the Church is less ancient, and has several times been renovated. Thomson, the author of "The Castle of Indolence” and of "The Seasons,” who died in 174S, lies buried at the west end of the north aisle; and a mural brass states that “ the Earl of Buchan, unwilling that so good a man and sweet a poet should be without a memorial, has denoted the place of his interment, for the satis¬ faction of his admirers, in the year of our Lord 1792.” Edmund Kean, the great actor, was also buried in the Church; and in the churchyard lie many whose names have not ceased to be familiar. From Photo by Cassell & Co., Urn. ST. GEORGE'S STREET (RATCLIFF HIGHWAY). The old name of Ratclilt Highway still clings to the unlovely St. George’s Street, which lies to the north of the London Docks, and connects the Tower district with Shadwell Once upon a time fair elm trees on both the sides of the Highway gave it a dignity which it has long lost. It became notorious early in the present century, owing to a series of murders and to \arious acts of lawlessness committed by Jack ashore; but now the street is chief!}' remarkable for the shops of dealers in wild beasts, birds, etc Its former name is derived from Ratcliff Manor, in Stepney. In a vault beneath the Swedish Church, in Prince's Square, which lies off St. George's Street, Emmanuel Swedenborg, the mystic, who died in 1772, is buried. 224 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Um. VIEW UP THE RIVER FROM THE TOWER BRIDGE (HIGH LEVEL). An ascent of the Tower Bridge to the high-level footways between the towers is well worth making, for the sake of the view. These footways, which are accessible by the lifts or by the stairs, are 140 feet above Trinity high-water mark. Our picture shows the panorama looking towards St. Paul's Cathedral, whose dome and towers are conspicuous afar off. Near at hand, to the right, is the Tower, with the Traitors' Gate; beyond it the Customs House, with its stately facade and broad quay, and the Monument rising behind; further on is Billingsgate Fish Market, with the Dutch shrimpers moored off it; then come London Bridge and the South Eastern Railway Bridge, and the roof of Cannon Street Station. The towers and steeples of a score of churches, in addition to the Cathedral, may be seen on a clear day fMJf.ff.f From Photo by Cassell & Co. Urn. WESTMINSTER BRIDGE ROAD, WITH CHRIST CHURCH. 1 his broad thoroughfare leads from the south end of Westminster Bridge to St. George’s Circus. At its junction with the Kennington Road stands the handsome Gothic edifice known as Christ Church. Opened on July 4th, 1876, the centenary of American Independence, it cost £60,000, and contains sittings for 2,500 persons. The greater part of the fine tower and spire, which is two hundred feet high, was built at the expense of Americans, who in this fashion expressed their gratitude for the sympathy with the Union manifested by Dr. Newman Hall and his congregation at the time of the War of Secession. The church is affiliated with the Congregational Union, but on Dr. Hall’s retirement he was succeeded by the Rev. F B. Meyer, a Baptist minister. 225 From Photo by Cassell A Co., Urn. BURNHAM BEECHES. Burnham Beeches, a remnant of the forest that once covered Buckinghamshire, is one of the most delightful resorts within easy reach of London. These " venerable beeches and other very reverend vegetables " were first made popular by the poet Gray, who is buried in the not-far-distant Stoke I’oges churchyard, believed to be the scene of his famous " Elegy." In 1871 the Corporation of London intervened to prevent the land from being sold as a building site, and they have dedicated it, with the neighbouring common, like Epping Forest and other places, to the public as a possession for ever. Our illustration shows some of the finest trees in their summer glory, but at all seasons of the year the scene is beautiful; for when the amber leaves strew the ground, the quaint outlines of the pollard branches are the more apparent. 227 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Urn. THACKERAY'S HOUSE, PALACE GARDENS. A visitor entering Kensington Palace Gardens from the High Street may notice to his left the second house, of which we give a picture above. To this house William Makepeace 1 hackeray removed from Onslow Square in the early spring of 1862, and those acquainted with the great novelist's life will remember that it was here that e f led ' a PP arent ly In h > 3 sleep, on the Christmas Eve of the following year. Dickens, his great rival, has recorded the fact that the last words Thackeray corrected in print were. And my heart throbbed with an exquisite bliss.” The house is of red-brick, in the Queen Anne style; and the novelist's friends are said to have debated whether he was justified in taking so fine a dwelling. Since his day' it has been enlarged and altered. 223 From Photo by Cassell &. Co., Lim. IN “YE OLDE CHESHIRE CHEESE.'’ The “ Cheshire Cheese ” is a well-known inn in Wine Office Court, on the north side of Fleet Street. According to tradition, Goldsmith and Dr. Johnson used to dine here (although Boswell makes no reference to the circumstance), and the corner to the right of our picture, beside the fireplace, is pointed out as the favourite seat of the lexicographer. This is quite possible, for Goldsmith lived in Wine Office Court, and it was there that Dr Johnson first visited him, on the 31st of May, 1761 The “ Cheshire Cheese ” is chiefly frequented by regular customers, who find compensation for the hard benches and sawdust-covered floor in the old-world appearance of the place, and in the excellence of the special dishes for which the house has long been famous. 229 From Photo by York & Son, Hotting Hill, W. DULWICH COLLEGE. Alleyn’s College of God’s Gift was opened at Dulwich in 1619, its founder being Edward Alleyn, a celebrated actor, "the Roscius of his age.” In 1857 the College was recon¬ stituted and divided into two schools, and the new buildings, of red brick and terra-cotta, designed in the northern Italian style of the thirteenth century by Sir Charles • fry.’ COSt a hundred thousand pounds, and were opened by the Prince of Wales in 1S70. In the central structure are the Hall, Library, etc. The south wing (on the rl ® 1 m ° UI " % lew ) 1S occu P ie d by the senior boys, and the north by the juniors. The old chapel contains the tomb of the pious founder. Mr. A. H. Gilkes is the head¬ master of the College, which is attended by more than six hundred boys, and is rich in scholarships. 23O x L From Photo by Cassell & Co., Urn. MOLESEY WEIR. East Molesey is on the right bank of the Thames, opposite Hampton Court Palace, the river being spanned by an ugly iron bridge Molesey Lock, of which the gates may be distinguished in our picture in the distance, is 23^ miles from London by water, and SS miles from Oxford ; and only Teddington and Richmond locks have been built below it. It is a very favourite resort on Saturday and Sunday afternoons, when the boating parties passing through are a never-failing source of amusement to those on shore. The Weir, below the well-known Tagg's Island, is a delightful one in a picturesque sense, but the Thames Conservancy notice of “ Danger” is a very necessary warning against its perils. A little higher on the right bank—to the north-west of Molesey village—is the Hurst Park Racecourse 2 3 c - 17 1 ntijl • B ■ frj t uj f From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. ADELPHI TERRACE, WITH GARRICK'S HOUSE. Adelphi Terrace overlooks the Embankment Gardens between Waterloo and Charing Cross bridges. It was built in 1768 by the brothel's Adam—hence the name—and at that time it was thought probable that the whole of this part of the river bank would be built upon in the same fashion. The house No. 5, as may be seen from our view, is marked by one of the medallions of the Society of Arts, recording the fact that David Garrick lived there. It was in the back room on the first floor that, in 1779, the great actor drew his last breath. The Institute of Naval Architects now has the house; while the next two houses on the left in our picture are occupied by the Savage Club. The building to the right is the Hotel Cecil, so often referred to in the “ Liberator ” proceedings. 232 From Photo Du F. G. 0. Stuart, Southampton. WESTMINSTER ABBEY. FROM THE NORTH. It is impossible to get a view of the whole length of Westminster Abbey without including St. Margaret's Church, which, however, is itself of considerable interest from its associations with Parliament, and as having been founded by Edward the Confessor. But all secondary claims are forgotten beside the noble '. dl our monarcns since Harold have been crowned, and where so many other historic scenes have been enacted. It was founded in 6i6, restored by the Conlessor, and later by various English kings. Fourteen kings and as many queens are buried within its walls ; and here also rest crowds of great men whose names are household words wherever the English tongue is spoken The Abbey is 375 feet in length, and measures 200 feet across the transepts. 11 3 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. NONSUCH PARK, NEAR CHEAM The mansion in Nonsuch Park, Surrey, near Cheam and Ewell, was built in the Elizabethan style by Sir Jeffrey Wyatt at the beginning of the present century on the site of a royal palace of great splendour, which Henry VIII. began, but did not live to finish. This palace was the favourite residence of Queen Elizabeth Hither also the Royal Exchequer was removed during the Great Plague and the Great Fire. Nonsuch Palace was eventually bestowed on the Duchess of Cleveland, Charles IP’s favourite, whose superb and voluptuous loveliness, according to Macaulay, overcame the hearts of all men; and from that time its splendour began to decline. The Park now consists of some ten thousand acres, and contains many magnificent trees, including an elm which is reputed to have associations with the Virgin Queen. r.t4 UNION CHAPEL, ISLINGTON, The church which has in Union Chapel, Islington, its local habitation was formed by a union of Evangelical Churchmen and Nonconformists—hence its name. The present chapel, in the Gothic style, occupying the site of one built in 1S06, dates from 1S77, and is one of the finest Dissenting places of worship in the Metroj olis. The pulpit is particularly handsome. Over the doorway on the right, leading to the vestries, is a piece of that Plj th 1 >ck on which the Mjyflower Pilgrims first stepped when they landed in America. The Rev. W. Hardy Harwood began his co-pastor ion Chapel in December, 1891, and succeeded to the sole charge in the following April, on the death of the Rev Henry Allon, D.D., one of the most respected of Congregational divines. 235 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Uni. BURLINGTON HOUSE. Burlington House, on trie north side of Piccadilly, is one of the handsomest buildings in that fine thoroughfare. In that part of it which was completed in 1872, in the Italian Renaissance style, and is shown in our picture, various learned societies enjoy free quarters by grace of the Government—the Geological, Chemical, and Royal Societies in the further wing, and the Royal Astronomical Society, the Society of Antiquaries, the British Association, and the Linnaean Society in the western wing, to the left. In the centre is the archway leading to the courtyard, which is bounded on the north by the building of the Royal Academy of Arts, where every summer is held the annual exhibition of pictures Immediately- to the west is the Burlington Arcade, famous for its shops. 236 From Photo by Cassell A Co., Um. STRAND-ON-THE-GREEN. Quite one of the quaintest and least spoilt places on the Thames is Strand-on-the-Green, a little village on the Middlesex bank, below Kew Bridge, which may be seen in the background of our picture. At high-water the outlook from the old-fashioned houses is very charming, thanks in no small measure to the pretty eyot ; but at low water the muddy foreshore is much less pleasant to the eye. Watermen have long formed the bulk of the inhabitants ; but Zoffany, the painter, who died in 1810, lived here, and so did Joe Miller. Strand-on-the-Green is just the place to delight artists, and lovers of the picturesque generally. The conspicuous tower at Brentford, nearly 200 feet high, is part of the Grand Junction Waterworks. From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim, A BOARD SCHOOL COOKERY CLASS. Many people will be surprised to learn that cookery classes are so well established in any of the London Board schools as our view shows is clearly the case at the Kilburn Lane centre. The photograph was taken in the midst of the morning’s work. Twenty-four girls attending the Kilburn Lane School, all with neat pinafores on, form the class. Half of them—the girls to the right—are occupied in copying recipes ; while the other dozen are busily engaged in preparing various homely dishes suitable for an artisan's dinner. The expert teacher has spent the first hour of the morning in explaining how the work is to be done, and the young plain-cooks-in-the-making are now showing in practice how far they have mastered their lesson. 238 A BOARD SCHOOL CARPENTRY CLASS. Cookery for the girls ; carpentry for the boys. Such is the programme carried out at the Kilburn Lane Higher Grade School. Our illustration shows a room at this school devoted to manual training, admirable accommodation being provided for twenty boys. Each boy in attendance receives weekly two-and-a-half hours instruction in practical woodwork, drawing, and the grow-th and structure of the different varieties of hard and soft wood The lads are also taught how to grind and sharpen the tools they use. It is not at all astonishing that for most boys, whatever they may think of other lessons, this branch of elementary education has an irresistible attraction. The authorities are satisfied that such work fulfils its purpose, which is the training of the eyes and hands to habits of accuracy and neatness. a 39 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. THE ATHEN/EUM CLUB. No London club ranks higher than the Athenaeum, which was founded in 1824 and has a membership limited to 1,200. The entrance is in Waterloo Place, and the building, which was designed by Decimus Burton, and cost £35,000, abuts also on Pall Mall. Its exterior is chiefly remarkable for the frieze, and for the figure of Minerva, by Baily, over the handsome porch. Of the interior the Library is the chief glory. The membership is made up of those distinguished in letters, art, and science, with judges and bishops, and politicians of Ministerial rank. The large house to the right of the York Column in Carlton House Terrace, is Prussia House, the residence of the German Ambassador. 240 From Photo by Catsell &, Co-, Lim. CAMDEN HOUSE, CHISLEHURST. Finely situated on the west side of Chislehurst Common is famous Camden House. It was built by William Camden, chief of British antiquaries, who died in it in 1623 ; but the place is better known as having been occupied by Napoleon III after his downfall in 1870. The ex-Emperor died in 1873 in a room overlooking the right wing of the house, and six years later, after the Prince Imperial had also been buried from Camden House, the ex-Empress Eugenie removed to Farnborough. Early in the present century the master and mistress of the house were murdered by a servant, and the crime was a nine days’ wonder Lord Chief Justice Pratt, of whom the present Marquis of Camden is a descendant, took his title from Camden House. 24 1 I04NM? f . a 61 $■11 ! jl }.V>Ti> ii ;; 11 mM ill 1 SJs fall «■■( 3 1 !: m m From Fhoto by Cassell &. Co , Lim. THE ROYAL MILITARY ACADEMY, WOOLWICH. In the south-west part of \\ oolwich Common, to the left of the road leading to Shooter's Hill and Eltham, is the Royal Military Academy, established by George II. "for instructing persons belonging to the military portion of the ordnance in the several branches of mathematics, fortification, etc , proper to qualifying them for the service of artillery and the ollice of engineer." The Academy, as a matter of fact, was founded in 1719, but it hung fire until 1745, and in 1806 it was transferred from within the Arsenal to the present site. Sir J Wyatt designed the building, which consists of a central quadrangle (the original has been destroyed by fire) with wings. Among the cadets educated here was the Prince Imperial, to whose memory his fellow-students have erected a bronze statue. 2-12 SOMERSET HOUSE. The principal facade of Somerset House, overlooking the Victoria Embankment, is nearly Soo feet long, and rises from a terrace 50 feet hich, almost hidden 1 y |hi trees which line this magnificent thoroughfare. Built by Sir William Chambers during the years 1776 to 17S6, Somerset House, which stretches from the Embankment right up to the Strand, derives its name from its occupation of the site chosen by the Protector Somerset for the palace which he began in 1549, but did not live to finish, and which was demolished in 1766. The present building is used for Government offices, with the exception of the right, or eastern, wing, the home of King's College, of which a view is given on page 102. 241 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim, THE NEW PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE, CHANCERY LANE. Chancery Lane, leading from Fleet Street to Holborn, is one of the best known thoroughfares in London; for litigation is a common weakness of mankind. The most noteworthy building in the Lane, from an architectural point of view, is the new Public Record Office, built to supplement the large structure behind it in Fetter Lane. Mr. John Taylor, C.B., of her Majesty's Office of Works, was the architect of this Gothic pile, which has cost about /8o,ooo, and is believed to be absolutely fire-proof. Until the Fetter Lane office was completed, in i 856 , State papers and legal records were huddled away in admired confusion in the Tower, the Chapter-House of Westminster Abbey, the Rolls Chapel in Chancery Lane, and other places; since then much has been done in the way of bringing order out of chaos. The most famous of the documents is the Conqueror's Domesday Book, in two parchment volumes. 244 From Photo by Cassell A Co., Urn. THE VICTORIA EMBANKMENT, FROM WESTMINSTER BRIDGE. From Westminster the River Thames shapes its seaward course with a noble bend ; and seen from the bridge, the Victoria Embankment, that engineering triumph of the late Metropolitan Board of Works, appears at its best. Above the well-grown plane-trees lining the Embankment rises the many-turreted block of buildings containing the National Liberal Club. Next is noticed the arched roof of Charing Cross Railway Station, with the B between this and Waterloo Bridge are A Terrace, the huge Hotel Cecil, with its flagstaffs, the Savoy Hotel, and the Medical Examination IIa.ll : while beyond Waterl >o Bridge, our picture shows the long facade of stately Somerset House. In the foreground is one of the floating steamboat-piers of the Thames Conservancy. One of the steamers of the Victoria Steam¬ boat Association has just left on its way to London Bridge, while another boat, more crowded, is approaching, bound for Chelsea. Fro.n Photo by Cassell & to., Lim. THE MILE END ROAD. This broad thoroughfare is a continuation of the Whitechapel Road to Bow Road, and conveys a very different impression of the East End from the current one. Our view of it is taken, looking eastward, from the beginning of Cambridge Road, down which run the tram-cars to Hackney. The old public-house which occupies so con¬ spicuous a position at the corner of the side walk is a relic of the days when the Mile End turnpike gate stood on the spot. The side walk is generally occupied by costermongers' barrows, and one particular shell-fish stall, pitched there from time immemorial, is almost as well known as the Vine Tavern. On the left of the road are some picturesque almshouses, the Paragon Theatre, the great Assembly Hall, and the People's Palace. 2.0 From Photo bj Cassell & Co., Lim. THE MARKET-PLACE, KINGSTON-ON-THAMES. Kingston-on-Thames, in Surrey, was the scene of the Witenagemot convened by King Egbert in 83S, so that it can boast a very high antiquity ; and it is a busy and prosperous little town to-day. It is much frequented by boating parties and cyclists, and by the countryfolk nho come to market. In the foreground of our view of the Market¬ place is the stone on which, according to tradition, seven Saxon kings, whose names are recorded on the pedestal, were duly crowned in the tenth century. Kingston, however, does not derive its name from this stone, as is popularly supposed, the suffix being merely the equivalent of “ town.” In the distance rises the flint tower of the parish church, dedicated to All Saints. Parts of the structure date from the fourteenth century, and there are several curious monuments within. 247 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. WALTHAM ABBEY. V; altham Abbey, on the Lea, in Essex, was founded by King Harold, and is regarded as one of the earliest specimens of Norman architecture in England. Harold himself was for centuries supposed to have been buried here after the fatal fight of Senlac in io 55 ; and in the original choir, forty yards away from the present church, which consists of the old nave, was once a tomb bearing the legend, “Hie jacct Harold Infclix.’’ But as to the real facts of the case antiquaries differ, and who then slv.ll decide ? The work of restoration was begun in 1864. Adjoining the south aisle is a Lady Chapel of the Decorated period; the Tower, a much later addition, is debased Perpendicular. 248 From Photo by York <& Son, Notting Hill, W. MERCHANT TAYLORS' SCHOOL: THE GREAT HALL. The large Hall of the Merchant Taylors’ School in Charterhouse Square, which includes an organ loft, is a handsome room within the main building, shown in a view on a later page. The headmaster is the Rev. William Baker, D.D., 1 rebsndary of St Paul’s Cathedral. There are at present more than five hundred boys at the school, which is for day scholars only, who receive excellent tuition for moderate fees, with the opportunity of competing for numerous scholarships. It was founded in 1561, and was long carried on in Suffolk Lane. Upper Thames Street, being transferred to Charterhouse Square in 1S75, a new home having been built for it on the site of the old Charterhouse School, removed to Godaiming, in Surrey. 2*9 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. DRURY LANE THEATRE ROYAL I. is impossible within a few lines to give an idea of the interesting associations of Drury Lane Theatre, which extends from Catherine Street to Drury Lane, and is bounded oa one iIl *“ k. v Russell Street. We must content ourselves with saying that its stage has been trodden by Garrick, Kean (of whom there is a statue in the vestibule), th<_ Kembles, Mac ready, Mrs. Siddons, and Madame Vestris—indeed, by nearly all the chief stars of the legitimate drama. The Theatre was founded in 1663, and has morc t * laa once suffered from fire. Ihe present structure, of which we show the front, abutting on Catherine Street, was built, in 1811-12, by Wyatt. Its enormous size enables modern melodramas to be very elaborately staged; and it is famous also for its Christmas pantomimes. From Photo by Cassell &. Co., Urn. CLAREMONT, ESHER. Claremont, standing on the crest of a hill south of Esher, surrounded by fine trees, has many interesting associations. It was built by Lord Clive at a cost of £ 100 , 000 , and is of red brick, with dressings and Corinthian portico of stone. The Government bought Claremont in 1S16 for £ 66,000, as a residence for Princess Charlotte on her marriage with Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg, and here, a year later, she died. It was here also that Queen Victoria passed " the happiest days " of her “ otherwise dull childhood,’’ and that she used to stay with Prince Albert after her marriage. Louis Philippe, after his downfall, occupied the house, dying in it in 1850 When Prince Leopold, Puke of Albany, married, Claremont was settled upon him; and since his death, in 1884, his widow, once Princess Helen of Waldeck, has resided here. 351 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Li KENSAL GREEN CEMETERY. Kensal Green Cemetery, which was laid out in 1832, is situated to the north-west of Paddington, between the Grand Junction Canal and the London and North-Western Railway. It extends over sixty acres, and contains some seventy thousand graves. The Cemetery is remarkable less for its beauty than for the number of famous people who are buried therein, including, to mention just a few, Sydney Smith, Tom Hood, Leigh Hunt, Thackeray, Buckle, Mulready, Eastlake, Leech, Gibson, Kemble, Charles Mathews, Macready, Liston, Mme. Tietjens, Mme. Yestris, and Brunei. The Duke of Sussex was buried here at his own request, so disgusted was he with the foimalities attending the funeral of \\ illiam IV. at Windsor. In the adjoining Roman Catholic cemetery the remains of Cardinals Wiseman and Manning were interred. 252 From Photo by Casse I &, Co., Lim. ST. BARTHOLOMEWS HOSPITAL: THE WEST ENTRANCE. The western gate of St. Bartholomew's Hospital looks out upon the stone-paved, noisy neighbourhood of the London Central Meat Market. Over the gate, which was built in 1702, is a statue of Henry VIII , who was induced to re-establish the institution when the monasteries were suppressed ; and the semi-recumbent figures represent respectively a sick man and a cripple. The church behind the gate is St. Bartholom Less, founded, with the Hospital itself, by Rahere early in the twelfth century, but rebuilt in 1823. The tower of the much more interesting church of St. Bartholomew-the-Grcat rises to the left of our picture, beyond the circular road leading beneath the market. The building to the left of the gate is the casualty and out-patients' department of the Hospital. 253 Fro n Photo by Cassell & Co., bm. LYNDHURST ROAD CHAPEL. Lyndhurst Road Chapel stands at the corner of Lyndhurst Road and Rosslyn Hill, in the prosperous suburb of Hampstead. It was built for the Rev. Robert F. Horton, M.A., D.D., one of the most eminent of Congregationalist ministers, whose works on Biblical criticism have won for him no little distinction. Dr. Horton is a graduate of New College, Oxford, of which he was elected a Fellow in 1879. The Lyndhurst Road church was founded in the following year, and is active in good works. The chapel, which seats 1,200 persons nominally, though the congregation is often much larger, is octagonal in shape and constructed of red brick, and is richly decorated within Dr Horton has a co-pastor, the Rev. A. Hamilton, M.A., who settled in 1894. 254 Jf i.. Li I From Photo by Cassell A. Co,, Urn. KEW CHURCH. The chapel of St. Anne of Kew Green was built in 1714, and restored by Sir Jeffrey Wyatt in 1837-8. George III was particularly fond of this ivy-covered, red-brick place of worship, and built the royal gallery at the w-est end. William IV. presented to the church an organ, on which Handel is said to have played, but this has been replaced by a newer instrument. In 18S3 a new chancel was added, with a mortuary chapel crowned by a dwarf cupola (as shown in our view to the left beyond it, and in this mausoleum now rest the remains of the late Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, the latter of whom died in 1889. In the churchyard Gainsborough and Zoffany are buried, as well as other men of marK. 255 4 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. HARROW SCHOOL: THE SPEECH HOUSE. One of the most conspicuous of the buildings which constitute Harrow School is the admirable Speech House, between the house of the headmaster and the church¬ yard—on the opposite side of the road to the Old College Chapel. It is little more than twenty years ago that the Speech House was built, by Mr. William Burges, at a cost, including the site, of nearly twenty thousand pounds. The pitch-pine roof is supported by slender iron columns, and there is a fine organ, with an ingeniously contrived keyboard below the headmaster’s desk. The seats are arranged in tiers, and the building is spacious enough to accommodate the large audiences which Speech Day always draws together. 256 From Photo by Cassell A Co-, Lint. THE PALACE THEATRE. It is generally admitted that the Palace Theatre is the most beautiful playhouse in London. " Regardless of expense, it was built for Mr R D’Oyly Carte by Mr T E Colcutt, the architect of the Imperial Institute, who was fortunate in obtaining such a splendid site as Cambridge Circus—where Shaftesbury Avenue and Charing Cross Road meet—offers for display The Royal English Opera House was opened with a great flourish of trumpets, and with the highest hopes, on January 31st, 1891, Sir Arthur Sullivan's grand opera “ Ivanhoe ” being then for the first time produced. But Mr Carte’s operatic scheme did not gain the support it deserved, and in July of the following year the name of the house was changed to the Palace Theatre As a variety theatre it enjoys a high reputation—and no promenade. I 1 *57 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. PATERNOSTER ROW. a very remote period Paternoster Row, the name of which suggests the Cathedral’s proximity, has been specially connected with the publishing and bookselling trades, but many large firms are now established elsewhere. Our view of the Row is taken from the west end, near Amen Corner, looking down its narrow length to where Cheapside, begins. On the left hand side are Ivy Lane, the site of Dr. Johnson’s Tuesday evening club meetings, and, further on, Lovell’s Court, where Richardson wrote part of “ Sir Charles Grandison ” ; while on the right is the Chapter Coffee House, now rebuilt, where Chatterton was “ quite familiar,” as he told his mother, knowing “ all the geniuses there,” and where Charlotte and Anne Bronte stayed on their first visit to London. But the Row, alas, has been rebuilt out of recognition. From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim STAIRCASE IN THE FOREIGN OFFICE. The Foreign Office occupies the north-west corner of the fine block in the Italian style between Whitehall and St. James's Park. It is entered from the inner court of the quadrangle, and the extremely handsome staircase occupies an area of sixty feet by twenty-five. Our illustration shows this specimen of Sir Gilbert Scott's work decorated with flowers for a reception given by the Foreign Secretary From Photo by Cassell &. Co., Lim. ENTRANCE HALL OF LORD LEIGHTON'S HOUSE. The charming house in Holland Park Road, Kensington, long occupied by the late Lord Leighton, was built for him by Mr. George Aitchison, and our view shows the entrance hall as it was up to the time of the President’s death The walls are covered with bright blue and white tiles, which are in happy contrast with the dark wood of the staircase. fSTi platform I fl *111 Gri s • s iu if f m v 3 - 1 *» From Photo by Cassell &. Co., Lim. IN EUSTON STATION. Euston Station has a less lofty roof than any of the other London termini of the great railway lines, but it is the oldest of them all. Our view shows a train which has just arrived from the North, and is letting off steam. Some seventy trains go in and out of Euston Station daily ; and in the signal-box there are not many short of three hundred levers; but there is plenty of platform space. The station presents a remarkably crowded appearance in August during the two or three days prior to the be¬ ginning of the shooting season in Scotland. The platforms here shown are the most easterly ones; the departure platforms being those nearest the dignified entrance. Each is clearly indicated in the familiar black and white employed by the London and North-Western Railway Company. 260 MILL HILL SCHOOL After undergoing one of those periods of depression to which public schools are liable, the celebrated foundation at Mill Hill has of recent years enjoyed a revival of prosperity, and may fairly be regarded as the best distinctly Nonconformist establishment of the kind in the country. It was founded as long ago as 1807, but was reconstituted under the direction of the Court .of Chancery in 1869, The school-house, an imposing building, as our picture shows, is delightfully situated on high ground in the prettiest part of Middlesex, not far from Edgware and Hendon. Mr. J. D. McClure is the present headmaster of Mill Hill, which has for motto the words, “ Et virtutem ct musas ; ” and there is a flourishing Old Boys’ Association 201 VIEW FROM HIGH BEECH, LOOKING WEST. High Beech is one of the favourite show-places of Epping Forest. Its name is derived from its elevated situation, about a mile and a half from Loughton, and its fine beech trees. Our view is taken from just below the “ King’s Oak,” an inn much frequented by picnic parties, some three hundred yards to the right of the little church. Looking west, there is a delightful view over the valley of the Lea ; to the left of the picture being the Royal Small Arms Factory at Waltham. This district has a special attraction for lovers of Lord Tennyson, for the poet was living here when he wrote “ The Talking Oak ”—“ broad Oak of Sumner-chace ”—and the better known “ Locksley Hall,” which were published in the 1842 volume ; and here the late Laureate found many of the images which adorn his poems. 262 From Photo hy Cassell A Co , Urn. INTERIOR OF FROGMORE MAUSOLEUM. In the grounds of Frogmore Lodge, not far distant from Windsor Castle, on the left hand side of the Long Walk, is the magnificent mausoleum containing all that is mortal of the Prince Consort. This building, cruciform in shape and Romanesque in style, cost £ 200,000, provided bj her Maj< sty herself, and it was consecrated in 1862, a year after the Prince's death. In the ornate octagonal chamber, thirty feet in diameter and sixtj -five feet high, is a double sarcophagus of dark-grey granite, resting on polished black marble. It bears a recumbent statue of Prince Albert, executed in white marble by Marochetti, and at each corner is the bronze figure of a kneeling angel. Her Majesty’s intention is that, in the fulness of time, she shall be buried here beside the remains of her “ great and good husband.' 263 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Urn. LEICESTER SQUARE. Few spots in London have such interesting associations as Leicester Square. It takes its name from Leicester House, more than once the residence of royalty; and Leicester Fields, as the place used to be styled, were a favourite resort of duellists. From early in the seventeenth century foreigners have patronised the Square. The figure of Shakespeare is a replica by Fontana of Kent’s statue in Westminster Abbey; and on the pedestal is recorded the fact that the Fields were bought, laid out, and conveyed to the public by Mr. Albert Grant, M.P. At the angles of the garden are busts of Hunter, Newton, Reynolds, and Hogarth, who lived in or near the Square. The building on the east side is the Alhambra Theatre of Varieties. The red-brick house to the right, with a parapet, is Archbishop Tenison’s Grammar School. 264 mm From Photo by Mr. Edwin J. Poyser AT MADAME TUSSAUD’S. Madame Tussaud’s Exhibition of Waxworks is one of the sights of London, especially dear to country cousins; and the spacious building in the Marylebone Road, near Baker Street Station, is visited by many thousands of both old and young folk annually. < >ur view shows a royal group in the Main Hall. The effigies, beginning on the right, are those of their Royal Highnesses Princess Henry of Battenberg, the Duchess of Saxe-Coburg, the Duchess of Teck, the Duchess of York, the Princess and Prince of Wales, their daughter the Duchess of Fife, the Duchess of Albany, and Princess Christian. Against the walls may be distinguished Shakespeare, in a familiar posture, Sir Walter Scott (in the corner), the Queen of Tragedy—Mrs. Siddons— Macready in Roman costume, and, sitting in a chair, the late Sir Moses Montefiore. From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. BETHNAL GREEN MUSEUM. th Kensington Museum has a branch at Bethnal Green, a red-brick building with an iron interior, in the Cambridge Road, which connects Mile End Road with Mare Street, Hackney. This Museum was opened in 1872, by the Prince and Princess of Wales; and it owes its establishment to the untiring efforts of various workers among the poor in the East End, and its immediate success to the late Sir Richard Wallace, who lent the art treasures collected by the late Marquis of Hertford. 1 he things permanently housed here have to do mostly with animal and waste products, food, and entomology, the remaining space being occupied by loan exhibits. The national collection of portraits was hung here until the completion of the new gallery in St. Martin’s Place. In front of the Museum is a handsome majolica fountain. 265 THE OAKS. About a mile from Banstead stands the old ivy-covered brick mansion known as The Oaks, surrounded by magnificent trees. In 1788 the fee simple of the estate was purchased by the Earl of Derby, who greatly improved the building, adding the circular towers. This hospitable nobleman kept open house at The Oaks, from which is derived the name of the famous race for 4,500 sovereigns, established in 1779, for three-year-old fillies, and run at the Epsom Summer Meeting on the Friday following the Derby. After Lord Derby died in 1834, Sir Charles Grey was one of the tenants of The Oaks ; and in recent years it has been occupied by the widow of Mr. H. Berkeley James. About two acres of common land were enclosed when the park was laid out 267 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS. ;r L harles Barry, the architect of the Houses of Parliament, designed the local habitation of the Royal College of Surgeons, on the south side of Lincoln’s Inn Fields, and it vas erected in 1835. The College originated with the Livery Company of the Barber-Surgeons, and now, with the Royal College of Physicians, it forms a joint board for ig would-be medical practitioners Our view shows the fine building as seen from the gardens recently secured for the public. It contains an extremely inter¬ museum, of which John Hunter’s collection, purchased by Parliament, formed the nucleus; and in this museum are some twenty-four thousand anatomical specimens, physiological and pathological. In the Council Chamber is a portrait of Hunter (who died in 1793) by Sir Joshua Reynolds. 268 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Um. THE MONUMENT. This fluted column is one of the most familiar landmarks in London. It rears its flaming head from Fish Street Hill, close to London Bridge. As every schoolboy knows, the Monument was erected, in 1671-77, to commemorate the Great Fire, which in 1666 had destroyed property valued at between seven and eight millions ; and its height, 244 feet, is supposed to represent its distance from the spot in Pudding Lane where the flames first appeared. The column, which was designed by Wren, supports a gilded urn whence issue tongues representing the destroying element. A fine view well repays the laborious ascent of the 345 winding steps. The gallery is covered by an iron cage, to prevent suicides. The inscription unjustifiably attributing the fire to ■' Popish treachery and malice" has been excised from the pedestal. I 4 2 SB From Photo by Cassell &. Co., Lim. CASSIOBURV HOUSE. Cassiobury House, a seat of the Earls of Essex, lies a mile away from Watford, in Hertfordshire. It is an old mansion, but has been much altered from time to time. Cassivelaunus lived in the manor of Cassiobury, and the Abbot of St. Albans once numbered Cassiobury among his many religious houses. Some invaluable art treasures are preserved here, among them being paintings by Vandyke, Rubens, Reynolds, Lely, Romney, and Turner. The present Earl of Essex throws open to the public his delightful park, which extends over some six hundred acres. The trees are particularly fine ; some of them were planted in 1683 by Le Notre, the famous gardener to Louis XIV. Cassiobury House is an excellent specimen of “ the stately homes of England.” 270 From Photo by Cassell A Co., Urn. BUNYAN'S TOMB IN BUNHILL FIELDS. Bunhill Fields Cemetery, in the City Road, was long the chief burialplace of London Nonconformists. The most noteworthy tomb therein is that of John Bunyan, bearing a recumbent figure of the great allegorist. Like the surrounding monuments, it has suffered from the ravages of time, but it has been carefully restored, and is protected by a substantial railing. The inscription at the foot is “John Bunyan, author of the 1 Pilgrim's Progress,’ Obt. 31 Aug. 1688, .-Ft 60 " ; while at the head is another recording the fact that the tomb was restored by public subscription in 1862 On either side is a rude figure of Christian—one with his burden on his back, and the other with it rolling off at the foot of the Cross. Hard by are buried Daniel Defoe, Isaac Watts, Richard Cromwell, and the mother of the Wesleys. 27' From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim . THE CLOCK TOWER, ST. ALBANS. The streets of St Albans, famous for its fine old Abbey, shown on page 152, have an old-world appearance, which gives them interest to all lovers of the antique. The Clock Tower, at the Market Cross, dates from early in the fifteenth century, and is built of flint. One authority asserts that a tower existed here before Verulam was de¬ stroyed ; another, that it marks the site of Canute’s Tower, a relic of the royal palace at Kingsbury, destroyed before the Norman conquest; and a third, that two ladies were once delivered from the neighbouring woods, where they were lost, by a light shining from this spot, and so they built the original tower to serve as a beacon for others. One of the Eleanor crosses formerly stood in front of the Tower, which still contains an old curfew bell inscribed :—" Missa de cells habco nomen Gtibraehs." 272 DOG SHOW AT THE CRYSTAL. PALACE. Paxton’s great building at Sydenham is admirably adapted for big exhibitions such as the annual Dog Show of the Kennel Club The animals are benched all along the nave, which is i,608 feet long ; and even this space is insufficient for all the competitors, while there is plenty of room in the Central 1 ransept for the judges rings, one of which is shown in our picture. Moreover, the Palace is light and airy, and the barking of the dogs is not so deafening here as in smaller buildings, lo these shows the best bred dogs in the country are sent, of almost e ■ n variety, and to win a prize in such company is praise indeed. The Kennel Club, which was founded in 1874, has much the same authority in the " doggy ” world that the Jockey Club exercises on the Turf. Vi From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. HOLBORN VIADUCT, FROM FARRINGDON STREET. Ilolborn Viaduct extends from Holborn Circus to Newgate Street, a distance of 1,400 feet, and is eighty feet wide. The cost of this improvement was considerably o\er two millions, and the work occupied six and a half years. It was undertaken by the Corporation to avoid the inconvenient descent of Holborn Hill, and the Queen opened the new thoroughfare in person in 1869. Everybody admits that the Viaduct is a triumph of engineering skill, but a great deal of it the accommodation, lor instance, of gas- and water-pipes—is not visible. Our illustration shows the bridge that obliquely crosses Farringdon Street—a cast-iron girder bridge, with three spans, supported by twelve handsome granite piers. Further north appears one of the domes of the Central Markets. 274 From Photo by Cassell A. Co., Urn. HARROW, FROM THE SCHOOL CRICKET-GROUND. A good idea of the isolated and abrupt nature of the hill on which Harrow is built may be gained trom the above view, showing a cricket match in progress in the admirably level and well-sheltered cricket-ground of the great public school. On the tree-clad eminence are seen the church steeple, visible for many miles around, anti, to the right, some of the school buildings. Everyone has heard of the remark attributed to the Iron Duke -that the battle of Waterloo was won on the playing-fields of Eton ; but the Harrow boys are not one whit less enthusiastic over their sports ; and the annual cricket-match between Eton and Harrow at Lord's is at once one of the most exciting games and one of the most fashionable events of the London season. 2 75 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. THE PRIORY, NORTH BANK (GEORGE ELIOTS HOUSE). ^ 1 ^ , , USCs * n Tondon, it has been remarked, have been the scene of stronger and more interesting emotions than the Priory, 21, North Bank, Regent’s Park, a dwelling-place o ering little in outward appearance from others in the district. It was to this house that George Eliot came with George Henry Lewes in 1864, and it remained the s k° me unt ’l her marriage with Mr. John Cross ; n 1880, seven months before her death. The Priory is closely associated with the writing of "Felix Middlcmarch, and “ Daniel Deronda. Here, too, George Eliot held her famous Sunday afternoon “ at homes," which were attended by most of the literary celebrities of the time. 276 p rom Photo by Cassell & Co., Urn. IN I HE EXETER HALL GYMNASIUM. One of the most familiar features of the Strand is the Corinthian portico of Exeter Hall, on the le of the street, the headquarters of the Young Men's Christian Association, and much in request for the May meetings. It is clear from our view that the authorities of the Association do not ignore the desirability of that muscular Christianity which was so strenuously inculcated by Charles I At the back of the building is an excellently fitted-up Gymnasium, where classes are held on three evenings a week, attended by some sixty young men, who are mostly, but not all, members of the ••Y.M.C.A." Among them are not a few really accomplished gymnasts. Formerly the Gymnasium of the Association was situated in Long Acre. 277 From Photo by Cassell & Co , Lirn. THE ROYAL MINT. i is dignified-looking building, on the east side of Tower Hill, was designed by Johnson and Smirke, and built in 1811, but it was greatly enlarged and transformed in 1SS1-2. Orders to view the process of coining are granted by the Deputy-Master of the Mint, and over seven thousand people annually seize the opportunity of inspecting the extremely delicate machinery, and the Mint Museum, containing a collection of coins and medals of great interest to others besides numismatists. Coins of more than forty denominations are here struck for Imperial and Colonial use, and in a recent year upwards of sixty-six million pieces were turned out. For the Imperial currency, during the same period, gold, silver, and bronze were coined to the value of ^6,654,441. 278 From Photo by Cassell &. Co. Lim COVENT GARDEN MARKET. Covent Garden is, as all the world knows, the chief fruit, vegetable, and flower market in London. It stands in a district abounding with the most interesting historic memories, but the present market buildings were only erected in 1831 ; and although they have been enlarged since then, they are now quite inadequate for their pur¬ pose. Since the middle of the sixteenth century, Covent Garden has been the extremely profitable property of the Dukes of Bedford Our view is taken from the north-eastern corner, looking toward the Strand. The scene here presented—order in disorder, innumerable baskets and carts filled to overflowing with seasonable products, porters bustling to and fro—is a very characteristic one. The building to the left of the Market, at the beginning of Russell Street, is the Hummums Hotel. 279 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. THE TELEGRAPH INSTRUMENT GALLERIES, GENERAL POST OFFICE. neral Post Office West, facing the oldest of the three great buildings in St. Martin’s-le-Grand, are the Telegraph Instrument Galleries, measuring three hundred : net' On presentation of a reference the public are permitted to visit this very interesting branch of the Postal Service. There are five hundred instruments >1 Leu night and day 1 >y the telegraphists, male and female, though men only are required to do night duty. In the north court are four steam engines, of fifty-horse ;d ‘or the purpose of sending messages to the other offices in the City and in the Strand district. In one year the Post Office has to deal with about yi , i ii,.ions oi telegrams, and the London local messages alone number over 6J millions. 280 A LORD MAYORS PROCESSION. FROM ‘ PUNCH" OFFICE IN FLEET STREET. On Lord Mayor's Day London gives itself up to holiday-making, and turns out in its thousands to see the time-honoured •* Show. Our view exhibits the State ( arriage, conveying the new Lord Mayor to the Law Courts to be sworn in before Her Majesty's Judges 1 his gorgeous coach, drawn by six horses, is only used when great ceremony has to be observed. The servants are always resplendent in new livery on tlie gth of November, and the coachman is an object of great awe to small boys It will be noticed that the leading horses are guided by a postilion, and that all are attended by footmen. Following the coach is a detachment of the 4th (Queen's Own) Hussars. From Photo by Cassell &. Co., Lim. A LONDON COUNTY COUNCIL BAND IN BATTERSEA PARK. Battersea Park was pre-eminently the recreation ground of the democrats until the aristocrats took to cycling, and discovered in their turn the beauties of the place, which was laid out more than forty years ago at a cost of upwards of £300,000. But one of the most interesting spectacles in Battersea Park is the crowd from the densely- populated neighbourhood which gathers to listen to the music of one of the London County Council’s bands. No bigger crowd can be seen round the bandstand in any of the other open spaces of the Metropolis. The Council’s bands, it must be said, are capitally organised, and no ratepayer with any music in his soul can feel that he does not get his money’s worth. 282 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Urn, HAYES PLACE. Hayes is a delightful Kentish village, and close to its church, in grounds sloping towards Bromley, is Hayes Place, an unpretentious structure built by the great Lord Chatham His pet hobby was landscape gardening, and many of the trees adorning the “ted by him. In thi the great Commoner died in 1778. in his seventieth year. Since then Hayes Place, to which he was so greatly attached, has changed hands many times and undergone many alterations. Lord Chatham’s distinguished son, William Pitt, was born 11 not actually in the house of which we give a picture ; but it was here that General Wolfe dined on the evening before his departure for Quebec 283 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. WINDSOR CASTLE: QUEEN ELIZABETH'S GALLERY. On the north terrace of Windsor Castle, overlooking the Home Park, are the rooms once occupied by Queen Elizabeth, of which the Gallery extending from the Norman Gate is now used as a library. Here, as the Marquis of Lome has written in the " Governor’s Guide ” to the Castle, we may think of Queen Elizabeth as telling Shakespeare, summoned to her presence, that she wanted a new play with more about Falstaff in it. The fine chimney-pieces form a feature of the room; and in one of these, as shown in our picture, is a bust of the great queen herself. In addition to the books with which the shelves are laden, a collection of medals, miniatures, illustrated manu¬ scripts, and old bindings is kept in this apartment, which adjoins a smaller room where Queen Anne first heard the news of the victory at Blenheim. 284 From Photo by Cassell A Co , Urn. WINDSOR CASTLE: THE STATE DINING ROOM. Compared with some of the other State apartments at Windsor Castle, the State Dining Room is plain, but it is large, and richly, though sparsely, furnished Its chief ornament is an immense wine-cooler, made of silver gilt, though in the style of Capo di Monte porcelain it was designed by Flaxman for George IV. when that king was still Prince Regent, and has not escaped the censure of the critical. 'Phis Dining Room is only used for State dinners, and it is situated among the Queen's private apartments, which are cut off from the public rooms by the treasure-stocked grand corridor, more than five hundred feet long, extending throughout the east and south sides of the main quadrangle. 28; f, *4* r . Sir Oj 1 ^ 1 ]£> jj K • 1' ii ; t' fit Ml JJ* J k i ( * ; * **. 1 : 'ki From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. OLD HOUSES AT HOLBORN BARS. Holborn, derived from Hole Bourne, has been an important thoroughfare for centuries. Criminals travelled along it from the Tower and Newgate on their last journey to Tyburn, and the Inns of Court on either side made it busy. It escaped the Great Fire, but modern improvements have greatly altered its character, least so, however, at the spot known as Holborn Bars, where are some picturesque old houses. The granite obelisk is one of those marking the site of the “ Bars ’’ enclosing the City- Liberties, and here a toll had to be paid for carts entering the City. Through Holborn Bars entry is effected to Staple Inn, where Dr. Johnson lived and wrote “ Rasselas ” Holborn extends from the Viaduct to Holborn Bars; that part of the street which stretches from the Bars to Drury Lane is known as High Holborn. 286 From Photo by Cassell &. Co., Urn • THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL GARDENS, CHISWICK. With the object of promoting scientific gardening the Royal Horticultural Society was founded in 1804, and fourteen years later experimental gardens were established between the famous Chiswick House, where Charles James Fox and George Canning died, and Turnham Green. Then, as now, fetes were occasionally held here. But in 1861 new gardens were acquired at South Kensington, and thenceforward Chiswick was a kind of supply stores for the new property nearer town. In the fulness of time, however, the South Kensington Gardens were appropriated as a site for the Imperial Institute and the Royal College of Music, and the Chiswick Gardens have recovered their original status. In the Glass-house shown above are many line horticultural specimens. 287 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. THE LAKE, DULWICH PARK a Mr. Pickwick settled down at Dulwich after his wanderings, ne described it as one of the pleasantest spots near London. The Park, now one of its chief attractions, is t le gift of the governors of Dulwich College—the well-endowed Alleyn’s College of God's Gift—and it was opened in June, 1890. The seventy-two acres of which it consists, stretching between Dulwich and Peckham, within a few minutes' walk of the College, are very pleasantly laid out, and are in great request for games. But one of the most delightful spots in the Park is the ornamental water, which can challenge favourable comparison with the best of the lakes in the parks within the Metropolitan area. 288 From Photo by Cassell &■ Co., Um BRIDGEWATER HOUSE. Cleveland Row, by the Green Tark, is one of the pleasantest situations in all London for a town house, and here, at the western end, is Bridgewater House, the Earl of Elles¬ mere's mansion. This house, of which Sir Charles Barry was architect, was built in 1847-50, and it is nearly square. The whole of the first floor on the north side is given up to the display of pictures, of which there is no finer private collection in London. It was formed by the Duke of Bridgewater, who died in 1803, and the treasures even then were valued at £150,000. Someof the best pictures—Raphael’s Madonna and Child. Titian’s Holy Family, Palma Vecchio's Three Periods of Life, for example—are not shown to strangers ; but many masterpieces may be inspected by those who have been able to obtain influential introduction. J 1 2S9 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Llm. BURLINGTON ARCADE, PICCADILLY. Burlington Arcade, a covered walk between a double row of shops, connecting Piccadilly with the street known as Burlington Gardens, was built in 1819 for Lord George Cavendish, afterwards Earl of Burlington, and part of the gardens of old Burlington House was taken for the site. A bit of the new Burlington House appears in our picture to the right of the Piccadilly entrance to the Arcade. From the first, many of the shops have been occupied by foreigners (who are more familiar in their own countries with Arcades than are Englishmen), and the goods displayed are chiefly articles of wearing apparel. Burlington Arcade, once a more fashionable haunt than 11 is now, is closed in the evenings ; and ill-behaved persons are occasionally astonished to find themselves summarily ejected therefrom into the public roads. 29O INTERIOR OF CHARING CROSS STATION. The large West End terminus of the South-Eastern Railway, though not a very ornate structure, possesses a lofty and imposing roof. Our view is taken from the end nearest the railway bridge, by which the old suspension bridge now at Clifton was superseded. At this end is the Customs House, where the luggage of passengers arriving from the Continent is examined. At the further end, facing the Strand, is the Charing Cross Hotel, of which a view appears on page 46. Trains leave Charing Cross for Cannon Street every few minutes, and these largely swell the very considerable number of trains that go in and out daily The most interesting time to visit the station is prior to the departure, or on the arrival, of one of the " boat trains." 291 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. CANNON STREET, LOOKING WEST. J his view of ever-busy Cannon Street is taken from the rising ground just east of the railway stations of the South-Eastern and Metropolitan Companies. The church on the extreme right of the picture is St Swithin’s, with the exterior wall of which is incorporated an old stone, believed to be that from which distances on the British roads were measured during the Roman occupation The court beyond the church takes its name from the Salters’ Hall; and here are the headquarters of the National telephone Company. I he tall building wdth rounded windows is the office of an Assurance Company. In the distance are seen the huge dome and one of the towers cf St. Paul's Cathedral. 292 From Photo by Cassell A Co., Um WOOLWICH, FROM THE RIVER. For several centuries Woolwich has been a place of great importance. Henry VIII « stablished here the Ri yal Dockyard, which was closed in 1869; and in these days the town is chiefly famous for its Arsenal, where thousands of men are employed in the manufacture ns of war. There are separate departments for the making of guns, gun-carriages and waggons, cartridges and other projectiles. The Arsenal chimneys are prominent features of our view, while on the common to the right rises the Royal Military Academy (see page 242). At \\ ilwich also are the Royal Marine and Royal Artillery Barracks. Half obscured by the smoke from the passing pleasure-steamer returning from a trip to the estuary of the Thames, may be seen the parish church, dedicated to St Mary Magdalene. T 2 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. FULHAM PALACE. As long ago as the year 631 the manor of Fulham was granted to the then Bishop of London. The older portion of the present Palace, which was much altered at the beginning of the last century, dates from the time of Henry VII. On the south-west side of this is the chapel, built by Bishop (afterwards Archbishop) Tait in 1867, which, though plain outside, is finely decorated within. The Palace itself is a very unpretending brick structure, but the grounds, enclosed by a moat about a mile in circumference, are justly famous. For more than eight centuries Fulham has been the home of the Bishops of London, many of whom are buried in the neighbouring parish church. ?94 HATFIELD HOUSE: KING JAMES'S DRAWING-ROOM. It has already been stated that King James I., for convenience sake, gave Hatfield House, which had had intimate associations with royalty, to Sir Robert Cecil in exchange for the now-demolished Theobalds Palace. It is more than probable that in the room of which a picture is given above James was received by his Lord Treasurer. A bronze statue of the monarch adorns the mantelpiece of this finely-furnished apartment, which opens upon the splendid gallery on the first floor, and is situated in the eastern half of the house, being now known as the Winter Drawing Room. Among its many treasures may be mentioned the sacramental service used at the coronation of Philip and Mary, yellow silk stockings worn by Queen Elizabeth, a diamond rosary owned by Mary Queen of Scots, and a watch worn by James. From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lin;. VIEW FROM ST. PAUL'S, LOOKING NORTH-EAST. Our panoramic views from St. Paul's Cathedral are taken from the Golden Gallery, above the dome. The portico cf the General Post Office is easily recognised in the foreground, with the Administrative and Telegraph offices across St. Martin's-le-Grand, at the corner of Newgate Street. Behind the Post Office (on the right) is seen the square roof of the Goldsmiths’ Hall Near the middle of the view, marked by a flag-staff, is the characteristic tower of St. Giles’, Cripplegate, where Milton, Foxe, and Frobisher are buried, and Oliver Cromwell was married. To the north-east of the Goldsmiths’ Hall is the Gothic tower of St. Alban's, Wood Street, and still further on, towards Finsbury Square, is that of St. Bartholomew's, Moor Lane. 296 From Photo by Cassell A Co., Lim. VIEW FROM ST. PAUL'S, LOOKING NORTH-WEST. In the foreground of this picture appears Paternoster Row, with Stationers' Hall Court. Then (on the left) comes the tower of the Memorial Hall in Farringdon Street, with the Inns of Court Hotel further on, in the dim distance, backed by the dome of the British Museum Reading Room. To the right of our view the lofty buildings on Holborn Viaduct are noticeable—the Imperial and Holborn Viaduct Hotels ; then the cupola of the City Temple, and, a little to the left of it, the square, pinnacled tower of St. Andrew’s, Holborn Nearer the centre is the First Avenue Hotel ; while on the right, against the background formed by the northern heights of London, are the twin towers of Regent Square Presbyterian Church and St Pancras Station and Hotel J : * 297 From Phot by Cassell & Co., Urn. VIEW FROM ST PAUL’S, LOOKING SOUTH-WEST. Looking south-west from St Paul's, one sees the tower of St. Andrew's-by-the-Wardrobe, in Queen Victoria Street; behind it, the inclined roof of St. Paul's station, with the London, Chatham, and Dover railway bridge and Blackfriars Bridge, and, in the mid-distance, Waterloo Bridge. At the beginning of the \ ictoria Embankment the curved tront of the Royal Hotel stands out prominently; the next buildings visible on the Middlesex bank are, in succession, the South-Eastern railway terminus, the Northumberland Avenue hotels, the National Liberal Club block, the lofty towers of the Houses of Parliament, and the twin towers of Westminster Abbey. On the Surrey side are numerous factories, two shot towers, and in the distance, on the left, the spire of Christ Church, Westminster Bridge Road. CENTRAL COURT OF THE INDIA OFFICE. No part of Sir Gilbert Scott’s splendid pile of public offices in Whitehall shows finer workmansnip than the central glass-covered court of the India Office. The pillars are of polished red and grey granite, and effective use is made of tiles for ornamentation Round the top gallery, in bas-relief, are busts of various Governors of the Indian provinces. At the corners, in niches lower down, are life-size statues of Warren Hastii M Clive, Wellesley, Cornwallis, Amherst, Teignmouth, and Hastings, the last two being those shown in our picture. The Council meets in a chamber on the first floor, looking out upon this courtyard, which is rectangular in plan, and is ns feet long by 60 feet wide From Photo by Cassell & Co., Urn. DR. BARNARDO'S HOMES AT BARKING SIDE. Dr. Barnardo’s Homes for Orphan and Destitute Girls are the making of the Essex village known as Barking Side. They were founded in 1866; and in these Homes, fifty in number, all erected by private donors, thousands of girls have been trained for domestic service in such a thorough fashion that there is always a great demand for them. d he Homes are built upon the plan of a college quadrangle, and a pleasanter place could not well be provided. One of the chief features of the village is the steam laundry, where the washing for the Homes, as well as for others of Dr. Barnardo’s establishments, is done. The girls are received here from infancy onwards, and some of them remain until they have attained the age of seventeen. 300 Front Photo by Cassell A Co., Lim. WESTMINSTER BRIDGE. The view from the Surrey side, west of the graceful Westminster Bridge, is a striking one. In our picture, to the left, is seen the north end of the House of Commons and of the Terrace, with the Clock Tower. At the corner of the block of buildings in the centre is St. Stephen's Club, much frequented by Conservative legislators. The large structure in the baronial style to the right is New Scotland Yard, the headquarters of the Metropolitan I’olice, of which a nearer view appears on page 95. Westminster Bridge, built by Page in 1856-62, consists of seven iron arches on granite piers, and the arch through which the barges are passing has a span of 120 feet. It was from the bridge which the present one superseded that Wordsworth had the view which inspired one of the most familiar of his sonnets. J 4 301 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. THE “ELEPHANT AND CASTLE." .lthough now chiefly known as a spot where omnibuses and tram-cars stop, the “ Elephant and Castle ” was an important tavern in the old coaching days. It is nearly equi¬ distant—one and ahalf miles—from Westminster, Waterloo, and Blackfriars Bridges, being situated at the northern end of Walworth Road and at the beginning of New Kent Road. In the thoroughfare to the right of our picture, known as Newington Butts, is the Metropolitan Tabernacle, so long the scene of the late C. H. Spurgeon’s ministry. The building with a cupola is a station of the South London Electric Railway. The “ Elephant and Castle ” has for its sign the well-known crest of the Cutlers’ Company—an elephant on a castle—and it gives its name to a neighbouring theatre and to a horse repository. From Photo by Cassell & Co , Lim. ST. PANCRAS' CHURCH. is interesting to note that St. Pancras’ Church, erected in 1819, was tl first Christian church built in Great Britain in the strict Grecian stxle. The architect was Mr. William Inwood, and he took for his model the T< th us at Athens, the steeple, 16S feet high, being a duplicated imitation of the so-called Temple of the Winds, attributed to Pericles, with the single exception that a cress was substituted for the Triton and his wand. The porch, with its six columns with rich capitals, and the colossal caryatides bearing lateral porticoes, are much admired. It is not surprising that the cost of this fine church, which is situated at the east corner of Endsleigh Gardens, in the Euston Road, was littl: less than £77,000. 3°3 WINDSOR CASTLE: THE PRISON CHAMBER Our view shows the interior of the prison chamber above the gateway through which the visitor passes before entering the great staircase that climbs the mound of the Round Tower, or Keep Charles I. was imprisoned at Windsor from December 22nd, 1648, to January 19th—the day before his trial, and the portrait seen above is believed Among other royal captives who have been detained here are David II. of Scotland, John II of France, and James I of Scotland, who, while at Windsor, fell in love with his future queen, Jane Beaufort, It will bs seen that some of the prisoners in this room amused themselves by cutting their names and arms on tha wall. In especially bold lettering are the words, " Edmund Fortescue, prisoner in this chamber the 12th day of January, 1642,” and the signature " Devon.” 3O4 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. WINDSOR CASTLE STAIRS OF THE ROUND TOWER. The Round Tower, or Keep, is at once the most conspicuous and one of the most inter¬ esting buildings at Windsor Castle. Our picture shows a bit of the staircase, commanded by a gun—a not unnecessary precaution when prisoners were kept in the Keep, and the tower was really of service as a fortress. Above the gun will be seen the lamp that lights the stairs. THE GREAT WHEEL AT EARL'S COURT. The Great Wheel at Earl's Court is an enlarged copy of the one at the Chicago Exhi¬ bition. It is three hundred feet high, and is made entirely of steel, on the tension principle. It is furnished with forty cars, holding altogether sixteen hundred people, and the journey round occupies twenty minutes. The motive power is supplied by two 50-horse power electric motors. 3°5 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. OLD WEAVERS' HOUSES AT BETHNAL GREEN. On the revocation of the Edict of Nantes numerous Walloon and French weavers came over to England and settled in and around Spitalfields. " God's blessing is surely not only brought upon the parish [of Spitalfields] by receiving poor strangers,” wrote Stowe, “ but also a great advantage hath accrued to the whole nation by the rich manufactures of weaving silks and stuff and camlet, which art they brought with them.” Our picture shows some characteristic houses situated in Florida Street, Bethnal Green, which in former days were occupied by weavers. The hand-loom, though still in use in this part of London, has, of course, been to a great extent superseded by the power-loom. ■I06 Front Photo by Symn.ons distinguished—French, German, Russian, Polish, Hebrew, with the Yiddish compounds of them all, and occasionally English. 3>5 t 'vv A ' L From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. THE CATHOLIC APOSTOLIC CHURCH, GORDON SQUARE. If the Catholic Apostolic Church at the corner of Gordon Square were only finished it would be one of the finest as it already is one of the largest modern churches in London. Built in 1850-54, it is the cathedral of the Catholic Apostolic body founded by the richly-gifted but erratic Edward Irving. It is cruciform in shape, s interior is an admirable specimen of the Early English style, with a graceful triforium in the aisle roof, and two richly-decorated chapels, one of them nin.; the altar at which Irving was wont to officiate. There is some fine stained glass in the windows, and the music is a great feature of the frequent cervices. The architect was Raphael Brandon. 316 gm&i From Photo bn Cassell A Co., Urn. MORNING ASSEMBLY AT A BOARD SCHOOL. Just as at the large public schools of England the boys meet together for morning prayers, so in like fashion the day begins at the Kilburn Lane Higher Grade School, the carpentry and cookery classes of which have already been illustrated (pp. 23S, 239). Our picture in this case embraces no fewer than five hundred boys. First a hymn is sung, accompanied by the string band—numbering in all some sixty boys, here portrayed waiting for the conductor's beat—and by a youthful organist. This band is. all things considered, an excellent one, and its employment conduces greatly to the reverent interest taken by the boys in the proceedings. Prayers, read by the head¬ master, follow, after which the scholars go to their respective class-rooms to enter upon the studies of the day. From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. CARLYLE HOUSE. This picture shows the house in Cheyne Row, Chelsea, which was the home of Thomas Carlyle from 1834 until his death in 1881. It is distinguished by an excellent medallion portrait, and it has now been converted into a permanent Carlyle Museum, which was opened in 1895, the centenary of the great man's birth. Carlyle himself wrote to his wife, on taking possession of the house, that it was “ probably the best we have ever lived in—a right old strong, roomy brick house, built nearly one hundred and fifty years ago, and likely to see three races of these modern fashionables fall before it comes down.” " We lie safe at a bend of the river," he also wrote, “ and see nothing of London except by day the summits of St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey', and by night the gleam of the great Babylon.” From Hioio by Cassell A Co., Urn. THE BRITISH MUSEUM- THE READING ROOM. A copy of every publication issued in this country has to be sent to the British Museum and the day must come when the present accommodation large as it is. will be found insufficient. Our view shows the interior of the dome-roofed Reading Room. The circular bookcases surrounding the enclosure for officials contain the catalogues— some 2,000 volumes in all—and the readers’desks radiate from this centre. Excellent accommodation is afforded to readers: the desks are provided with a folding desk, a hinged shelf, blotting-paper, pens, ink, etc., and the room is illuminated by the electric light. The lower stage of the walls is lined with shelves containing some twenty thousand volumes, chiefly reference works, which may be used without filling up the forms provided for the books kept elsewhere. 3'9 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. THE “OLD WELSH HARP," HENDON. ihere are few country resorts better known to Londoners than the Welsh Harp, Hendon, on the road between Ivilburn and Edgware, for here is the enormous reservoir formed in 1S3S from the River Brent in order to supply the locks of the Regent’s Canal. This sheet of water has a circumference of nearly eight miles, and it is much frequented in summer for boating and in winter for skating. But its chief attraction is the fish with which it is admirably stocked, and almost every kind of water-fowl ever seen in England comes hither. Anglers obtain permission to fish from "mine host ” of the inn, at the back of which, at the waterside, are some very pleasant tea-gardens, which Mr. Chevalier has made famous by his coster ballads. 3 ?o DRAWING ROOM PARADE AT ALBANY BARRACKS. Albany Street, which takes its name from the Duke of York and Albany, the second son of George III., runs from the Marylebone Road to the north-east corner of Regent’s Park. It is a long, unlovely street, chiefly remarkable for the large barracks which almost face the east window of the chapel of St. Katharine's Hospital. These barracks occupy seven or eight acres of ground, and in them a regiment of the Guards is always quartered. The drilling ground is unusually spacious, as may be judged from our picture, which shows a detachment of the Life Guards, and the Queen's Trumpeters with their gilded coats and jockey-like caps, parading, prior to attending as guard at one of Her Majesty’s Drawing Rooms at Buckingham Palace K 1 321 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. PRIMROSE HILL. Primrose Hill was purchased by the Crown from Eton College early in the present century as a public resort, and it now rises from the midst of fifty acres of land laid out as a park to the north of Regent’s Park The summit is 206 feet above the Trinity high-water mark of the Thames, and it commands an extensive view of the Metropolis. The London and North-Western Railway constructed a tunnel under the Hill more than sixty years ago, which was thought a great engineering feat at that time and for long afterwards. On the southern slope, in 1864, Phelps, the actor, planted an oak to commemorate the Shakespeare tercentenary. Primrose Hill is much frequented on Bank Holidays, and when toboganning is to be had. 322 $ T From Photo by Cassell A. Co., Urn. THE ROYAL PALACE OF JUSTICE, WITH TEMPLE BAR MEMORIAL. \\ hatever faults may De urged against the Courts of the Royal Palace of Justice, the exterior of the late Mr. <. E. Street's masterpiece, which has a frontage of five hundred feet upon the Strand, must compel admiration. At the point where our picture begins is the entrance to the Great Hall (see page 109}, and through the door in the tower just beyond admission is gained to the public galleries in the Courts. In the middle of the street, at the end of the Strand and the beginning of Fleet Street, is Sir Horace Jones’s monument, surmounted by a much-ridiculed griffin, marking f old Temple Bar. The building in the Italian style beyond the Clock Tower is the Law Courts branch of the Bank of England, and the Gothic tower rising be! t of St. 1 (unstan's-in-the-West. 323 From Photo by Cassell & Co , L m , THE MANSION HOUSE AT EARLY MORNING. It is necessary to get up very early in the morning to see the Mansion House so deserted as it appears in this view. At the corner of the Poultry and Princes Street a coflee- stand for early customers may be observed. There is no time like sunrise, or soon afterwards, for seeing the beauties of London ; for then the attention is not constantly distracted by the noise of traffic and by jostling crowds, and the atmosphere is often surprisingly clear. The Mansion House, of course, is the official residence of the Lord Mayor, erected in 1739-52 by Dance. The Corinthian portico is surmounted by a pediment enriched with Sir Robert Taylor's allegorical group in relief; and the flight of steps on the left leads to the Police Court. Looking down Queen Victoria Street, one notices the turreted tower of St. Mary's Aldermary. 324 From Photo by Cassell A Co., Um. OSTRICH FEATHERS AT THE CUTLER STREET WAREHOUSES. A good idea of the way in which ostrich feathers are stored is gained from our view of a room in the Cutler Street Warehouses, which are the property of the London and St. Katharine's Docks Company. In these warehouses, which cover four acres and have a floor area of 630,000 feet, tea, silk, cochineal, carpets, and piece goods are stored, in addition to ostrich feathers of great value. Some twenty thousand tons of goods can be housed on the premises, representing a value ol between three and four millions sterling. Such feathers as those shown above may well have a fascination for all womankind, from a duchess to a coster's sweetheart Cutler Street, it may be added, is in Houndsditch, within easy access of the London and St. Katharine's Docks. K - 32s From Photo by Symmons & Thiele, Chancery Lane IV. C AN ETON AND HARROW MATCH AT LORD'S LUNCHEON INTERVAL. One crowded hoar of glorious life at the Eton and Harrow cricket match, which is always played at Lord's in July,is worth an age without a name to mosi public school boys. The smartly-dressed relatives and friends of the boys at Eton and Harrow flock in crowds to the headquarters of the M.C.C., and every seat is occupied. The scene is gayest during the luncheon interval, when the sward is thronged as our picture shows, and those who have been puzzling out the game which they imperfectly understand are free to enjoy themselves. No cricket match throughout the season is more keenly coniested than this annual fixture. The stands shown in the view are those on the north side of Lord's. 3=6 From Photo by Castell A, Co.. Lim. THE NATIONAL LIBERAL CLUB AND WHITEHALL COURT. Although the National Liberal Club was established in 1882, the palatial house in Whitehall I lace w is not opened until Midsummer, 1887, three years after Mr \\ I Gladstone, the President of the Club, had laid the stone. The architect was Mr Alfred Waterhouse, R A The chief features of the"N.L.C , wnich has some six thousand members, are the " Gladstone Library,” a noble room containing nearly thousand volumes, and the splen rm staircase. There is also a terrace pleasantly overlooking one of the gardens of the Victoria Embankment. From time to time political receptions and party meetings are held at the Club, which is triangular in shape, the remainder of the huge block being known as Whitehall Court. 3=7 From Photo by Cassell & Co., L.'m. HYDE PARK CORNER AND APSLEY HOUSE. Our \ie\\ in this instance shows a part of one of the most attractive spots in London. To the left is seen the entrance to the Park, known as Hyde Park Corner, a handsome gateway with three passages. It was designed by Burton, the reliefs being copies of the world-famous Elgin marbles, and it was built in 1828. The fine mansion with the four columns is Apsley House, purchased by the Government in 1820 as a gift to the Duke of Wellington, in acknowledgment of his services to the nation. It contains some fine pictures and statues and many interesting relics of the great Duke Next to Apsley House is the town residence of Lord Rothschild, while beyond are the mansions of other wealthy men. 3*3 From Photo by Cassell A Co., Urn, THE CITY TEMPLE. Few Nonconformist divines are better known than the Rsv. Joseph Parker, D.D , whose church, styled the City Temple, is one of the chief ornaments of Holborn Viaduct. This building, in the light Italian style, cost ,£35,000, and the site entailed an expenditure of ,£25,000. The floor is on a level with the Viaduct, and beneath are school¬ rooms, entered from Shoe Lane. The organ is an unusually fine one, and the handsome marble pulpit is of such dimensions that the preacher has ample space for the dramatic action by which he enforces his exhortations. Though the City Temple has three thousand sittings, it is often difficult to accommodate the crowds who come to enjoy Dr. Parker’s pungent and picturesque oratory. The chief gatherings of the Congregational Union during the “ May meetings" are held here. K = 329 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. ORLEANS HOUSE. TWICKENHAM. Orleans House is so called because Louis Philippe lived therein for some years while Duke of Orleans. It was built by the Secretary for Scotland, Johnstone, in the reign of Queen Anne; the octagonal room to the left was specially constructed for the reception of Queen Caroline, the consort of George II. The Due d'Aumale also lived at Orleans House until he was allowed to return to France, and another royalty in exile who occupied the mansion for a while was Don Carlos. For some years the house was the headquarters of the Orleans Club, but after the break-up of this Club in 1883 it passed into private hands. Orleans House faces the Thames, and its grounds, which extend to the riverside, are delightfully planted, the utmost advantage having been taken of the fruitful soil. LORD BE ACONSFI ELD'S STATUE ON PRIMROSE DAY In the open space known as Parliament Square is the bronze statue of Lord Beaconsfield, facing St Margaret’s Church. The statesman is shown in the robes of the Garter, and the figure, executed by Raggi, was unveiled two years after Lord Beaconsfield's death It was on April 19th, 1S81, that the Conservative leader died, and the anniversary of that day is now celebrated as Primrose Daj I v( rj year the statue is beautifully decorated with primroses, as shown in our picture, the primrose being regarded by the Earl’s political admirers as his favourite flower; although others maintain that he looked upon this pledge of spring in much the same fashion as did Peter Bell. The wreaths, mottoes, and other devices are sent from all parts of the country, and are allowed to remain until they are faded. PICCADILLY, WITH THE GREEN PARK. That part of Piccadilly which overlooks the Green Park is chiefly remarkable for its numerous Clubs and palatial private houses, notable among the latter being Devonshire House and Apsley House. Our view, looking west the beginning of the hill, embraces several Clubs, of which the best known are the New Travellers', situated at the further corner of the first turning (a short cut to Curzon Street), and the Junior Constitutional, the splendid, many-storeyed building further west. Piccadilly' does not rani so high in Clubland, of course, as Pall Mall; but the outlook over the Green Park—so verdant and well-timbered—and St. James’s Park towards Westminster is pleasant in the extreme. The Green Park is some sixty acres in extent. 332 From Photo by Cassell A Co., Um. WESTMINSTER ABBEY: THE NAVE, LOOKING EAST. Visitors to Westminster Abbey must have noticed that the nave—the most impressive interior of any London church is unusually Ion" and lofty relatively to its breadth. Looking east, the choir screen is the most notable object. Against this are two large monuments designed by Kent and executed by Rysbrack. That to the right commemorates James, first Earl of Stanhope, who died in 1720 that to the left here lies all that is mortal of Isaac Newton, philosopher and mathe¬ matician. The organ stands on each side of the screen ; the pulpit is an excellent specimen of work in coloured marbles. In the aisles on either side of the nave are numerous memorials of the illustrious dead. I<* 333 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Urn. HAMFSTEAD HEATH: THE FLAGSTAFF, WITH AFPROACH TO “JACK STRAW'S CASTLE.” That part of ever-attractive Hampstead Heath marked by the Flagstaff is one of its highest and breeziest points. Our view embraces part of the pond dear to dogs and horses, and to children, and in winter to skaters of all ages. The road in the foreground comes up from High Street, Hampstead; and at the point where it diverges into the Spaniard’s Road in one direction, and Heath End Hill in another, is " Jack Straw’s Castle " (just visible at the extreme right of the picture), an old-fashioned inn which has been visited by many a famous literary man and artist of a past age. On the right will be seen one of the bird-catchers who carry on their operations in this neighbourhood. From the Flagstaff, as we show in another view (page 49), there is an exceptionally extensive prospect westwards. 334 From Photo by Cassell A, Co.. Um. ST. MARTIN'S-LE-GRAND: GENERAL VIEW OF THE POST OFFICE BUILDINGS. On either side of St. Martin's-le-Grand are the buildings of the General Post Office. That to the left, one side of which abuts upon Newgate Street, was built in the early ’seventies, at a cost of nearly half a million, to contain the Administration Offices and the Telegraph Department : but this enormous place has been for some time outgrown, and beyond it will be noticed the General Post Office North (finished in 1894), erected, from the designs of Tanner, in the classic style for the accommodation of the Postmaster General and other high officials of this important State department. The site alone of the new structure cost £326,000 The Head Post Office itself is the building with Ionic pillars on the right of our picture. 335 From Photo by CasseU & Co., Um. CYCLING IN BATTERSEA PARK. “ Better late than never,” cvclists said when Society took to riding bicycles on every possible occasion Someone discovered that the roads in Battersea Tark were excellent, and ere long the cycling parade there became quite one of the sights of the 1895 season Rotten Row, in Hyde Park, soon became almost deserted by riders on horse¬ back, who preferred wheeling at Battersea. Scores of ladies and gentlemen belonging to the upper classes could be counted on any fine morning cycling at Battersea. Its popularity as a cycling ground, however, waned when the followers of the latest fashion were permitted to ride in Hyde Park up till mid-day. Our picture shows a few of the cyclists, one of whom, a lady, is evidently a novice. 336 From Photo by Cassell A, Co., Lim . THE HOTEL METROPOLE AND NORTHUMBERLAND AVENUE. This visw of Northumberland Avenue is taken from the Embankment towards Trafalgar Square. The tall triangular building is the Hotel Metropole, with the Whitehall Rooms opening out upon Whil h 11 I lace, on the left. Beyond the Metropole, in the Avenue, is the Hotel Victoria, the eastern corner of the block being occupied by the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. The not unattractive building to the right of our picture is the Avenue Theatre, bounded by Craven Street, leading to the Strand, and by the road leading under Charing Cross Railway Bridge Northumberland Avenue takes its name from the town house of the 1 family, which, having been bought by the Metropolitan Board of Works, was removed in 1S74 to make room for improvements at this spot. 337 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. GROSVENOR HOUSE. No dwelling-house in London has so fine an entrance as Grosvenor House, the Duke of Westminster's town residence, which lies back from the south side of Upper Grosvenor Street The house itself was built for the Duke of Gloucester, son of George II ; but the entrance, as well as the western wing, both designed by T. Cundy, are of much later date, the latter being completed only in 1842. It consists of an open stone screen of classic pillars, connecting the arches for entrance to and exit from the house, the whole elaborately decorated with armorial bearings and other carvings. The gates are fine examples of metal work. In Grosvenor House is hung the Duke s almost priceless collection of pictures. Meetings are occasionally held here in aid of philanthropic institutions in which his Grace is interested. 338 IN SMITHFIELD MEAT MARKET. Thousands of carcasses hung on hooks are scarcely pleasing to the aesthetic sense, but the red-brick exterior of the London Central Meat Market, designed by Sir Horace Jones in the Renaissance style, with a tower at each of the four corners, is admirably effective. The internal arrangements cf the Market maybe described as ideal. It is light, airy, and commodious, being 630 feet long, 245 feet broad, and 30 feet high, with a glass and iron roof. Altogether, three-and-a-half acres are occupied by the Market, into which large quantities of the meat are conveyed by means of lifts from a depot below connected with the underground railways. Smithfield is worth visiting, if only to see the characteristic types of humanity that are common here ; but it is well not to choose a hot summer's day for the purpose. 339 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S-THE-GREAT. With the exception of St. John’s Chapel in the Keep of the Tower. St. Bartholomew’s-the-Great is the oldest church in London. It is situated in Smithfield, near St. Bartholomew's Hospital, both buildings owing their existence to Rahere, who flourished early in the twelfth century. The tomb of this favourite of Henry I. is seen near the altar (to the left)—a recumbent figure beneath a rich canopy. The present church consists mainly of the choir, the north and south transepts, and one bay of the nave, of the old building, thoroughly restored. For many years until 1886, the Lady Chapel had been turned into a fringe factory, and the north transept was occupied by a blacksmith's forge ; but now all that is left of Rahere’s church has reverted to its original uses. 340 HALL AND STAIRCASE OF STAFFORD HOUSE. Stafford House, the Duke of Sutherland's town residence, which is situated between St. James's Palace and the Green Park, is, in the opinion of many, the finest private house in London. It was built by the Duke of York in or about 1825, only two years or so before his death ; and the money realised by the sale of it when it was sold was devoted to laying out Victoria Park. The noble proportions of the hall are apparent in our picture. On the ground floor is the library; and the grand staircase leads to the old State apartments and the picture gallery on the first floor. The paintings include specially noteworthy works by Murillo, Van Dyck, and Moroni; and the public are admitted to see them (except such as are hung in the private rooms), under certain conditions, in the spring and summer. From Photo by Cassell & Co.. Lim. THE OLD ROYAL COLLEGE OF MUSIC. The Royal College of Music was founded in 1882, and incorporated in 1883, Sir George Grove, editor of the standard " Dictionary of Music and Musicians, being the Director from the beginning until his recent retirement. Sir Charles Freake defrayed the cost of the building shown above, and the Commissioners of the 1S51 Exhibi¬ tion granted the site, which is opposite the western part of the Royal Albert Hall, Kensington Gore. \\ hen the College was founded, the public subscribed no less than £ 1 26,000 for its purposes. The Prince of Wales opened the building; and performed alike service when the new and more commodious College of which a picture appears on the next page—was erected in the Prince Consort Road ; it being intended that the older should be used for the junior classes and for practising. From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. THE NEW ROYAL COLLEGE OF MUSIC. In May, 1894, the Prince of Wales opened in state the new building of the Royal College of Music. It is situated in Prince Consort Road, between the Royal Albert I fall and the Imperial Institute. Redin colour, Elizabethan in style, the College has accommodation for four hundred pupils, Dr. Hubert Parry being the Director. From Photo by York & Son, Notting Hill, W. THE GATEWAY, ST. JAMES'S PALACE. Of Henry VIII.'s Palace the red-brick gateway, probably the work of Holbein, is almost all that remains. It faces St. James's Street, and through the arch¬ way access is gained to " Colour Court." The clock dates from the time of George II. As shown in our picture, sentries guard this entrance to “the court of St. James's." From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. SLOANE SQUARE. Sloane Square, as well as other places in the neighbourhood, owes its name to Sir Hans Sloane, the founder of the British Museum, who purchased the manor of Chelsea early in the last century. The Square is situated at the east end of the King’s Road, and still has something of an old-fashioned appearance, notwithstanding the modern residential flats erected here and close by. At the south-east corner is a station of the District Railway, and near this, with rounded windows, partly concealed by the tree on the left of our view, is the Royal Court Theatre, built in 1871 on the site of a chapel, which in its turn had replaced an earlier theatre. Another building of some note in the Square is a dispensary, in the founding of which William Wilberforce had a share. 344 TOWER OF LONDON : INTERIOR OF ST. PETER'S CHAPEL The interior of the chapel of St. Peter-ad-Vincula is not shown to the public. The building was erected by Edward I. on the site of a still earlier chu.ch (the demolition of which cost forty-six shillings and eightpence!), was rebuilt by Edward III., somewhat altered by Henry \ 111 , and thoroughl) restore in 1877. west corner of the Tower, and within it lie buried Anne Bo'leyn, Katherine Howard, Lady Jane Grey, and others who were beheaded on Tower Green (see p as well as Sir Thomas More, the Protector Somerset, and those who were executed on Tower Hill or were privily put to death of the interest of this old church, but the monuments are unspoiled. It stands at the north- ie 213), The restoration has destroyed much From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. FARADAY'S TABLE IN THE THEATRE OF THE ROYAL INSTITUTION. " Pl a ' n Michael Faraday" will always be remembered as one of the greatest scientists this country has ever produced, and none was ever better able than he to set forth science in an attractive form to an audienceof the uninitiated. His lectures in the plain little theatreof the Royal Institution in Albemarle Street, from behind the table laden with apparatus for experiments, were much frequented, perhaps the most popular of them being “ The Chemical History of a Candle.” The theatre is remarkable tor its admirable acoustic properties: and it was here that Faraday, as a boy, first heard Sir Humphry Davy lecture. Faraday was connected with the Royal Insti¬ tution from 1S13 to i860. He long resided here, and his best research work, resulting in so many important discoveries, was done in its laboratory. SCOTTISH GATHERING AT STAMFORD BRIDGE. Stamford Bridge, on the Fulham Road, is the best known athletic ground in the Metropolis, ;< rs of the London Athletic Club and the scene of the amateur championship competitions whenever they take place in London. The annual Scottish (lathering is one of the most popular fixtures held here. Only those of Scottish birth are allowed to take part in the Highland games, many of which, such as tossing the caber, are utterly foreign to Southrons, w hile dancing and bagpipe playing are also included in the long day's proceedings. Such Scots as possess them wear the kilts of their clans, and the London Scottish Volunteers are generally well to the fore, as shown in cur picture. There is always a large attendance of spectators, and the profits are given to Scottish charities. U7 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. LIBRARY OF THE ROYAL COLONIAL INSTITUTE. In the Library of the Royal Colonial Institute there are some twenty-four thousand books and pamphlets, readily accessible by means of a printed catalogue. The Institute, founded in 1868, was incorporated by Royal charter in 1882 ; and it now has an annual income of about ^7,000 and nearly four thousand Fellows. With so excellent an object as the promotion of Colonial interests in every imaginable way, it is not surprising that the Institute has prospered so well. It enjoys the patronage of Royalty, for the Prince of Wales is President; and the Council is a most influential body. The Institute is housed on the north side of Northumberland Avenue, of which a view appears on page 337. 34 3 From Photo by Cassell &. Co., Lim. COLUMBIA MARKET. In the belief that one of the crying needs of London was ampler market provision, the philanthropic Baroness Burdett-Coutts had Columbia Market built in Bethnal Green, in the Columbia Road, off the Hackney Road, near Shoreditch Church. The structure, which includes a fine Gothic hall, cost something like /200,000; and it was proposed that meat, fish, and vegetables should be sold here. But for some reason or other the Market never prospered ; and the place is not now used for its original purpose, although a small market is held further down the Columbia Road, to the left of our picture. The correct name of the lofty residential buildings enclosing the market-place is Georgina Gardens, although they are often called the " Baroness Burdett Coutts Buildings. 319 From Photo by Hawkins & Co., Brighton. CRICKET AT KENNINGTON OVAL. Although not so attractively situated as Lord's, the Oval is better beloved by democratic cricketers, for it is the headquarters of the popular Surrey County Cricket Club, and the chief scene of its many victories. The Oval, which is now exclusively devoted to the national summer game, covers nine acres of ground, a portion of which was laid out as a park by Sir Noel Caron, the Dutch Ambassador in the early part of the seventeenth century. The cricket ground was formed some fifty years ago, as a private speculation, and the Surrey Club rents it from the Duchy of Cornwall. Our view renders it easy to realise the immense size of the ground (which is almost circular in shape); and good eyesight is necessary for following the progress of the matches, even from the vantage-point of the enormous Grand Stand. 35 ° THE CHANGING OF THE GUARD. ST. JAMES'S PALACE. From time immemorial there has been an interesting ceremony daily at St. James's Palace from 10.45 to 11 am , when the Guard is changed. Either the Grenadier or the Coldstream or the Scots Guards parade, to the music of their band, while the incoming comman pposed to receive the keys of the Palace ; the officers marching to and fro, as shown in our view, carrying the standards of their regiments. Until 1862, when building operations were in progress, the ceremony took place in “ Colour Court ” (so called from this custom), but now it is observed in the Friary Court, the largest open space in the Palace. In this court, which is opposite the gardens of Marlborough House, is the entrance to the State apartments. llHljSillr m. ijlIliarSH From Photo by York & Son, Notting Hill, IV. THE TOWER OF LONDON: TRAITORS' GATE. Below St. Thomas’s Tower is the stone archway with a strong double gate, known as the Traitors’ Gate, which may be seen by anyone passing up or down the Thames. 1 his famous entrance to the Tower was used for the admission of State prisoners who were brought hither by water. Could the stones of this gateway speak, what grim stories they would tell of those who passed through to life-long imprisonment or death—the just and the unjust! The flight of steps from the Traitors' Gate leads to the Bloody Tower (one of the twelve towers of the Inner Ward), where the sons of Edward IV. are supposed to have been murdered and Raleigh spent the greater part of his fourteen years' imprisonment. Our picture shows the Gate open, but guarded by one of the “ Beef-eaters." 352 From Photo by Cassell «t Co , Litn. THE MEMORIAL HALL, FARRINGDON STREET. The Memorial Hall, built by the Congregationalists in memory of the two thousand clergymen who for their non-subscription to the Act of livings in 1662, occupies the site of the famous Fleet Prison. This handsome stone building, designed in the Gothic style by Mr. rarring, in the■ “' ent ‘ e - • ^ * of 84 feet in Farringdon Street. It contains a hall which will hold 1,500 people, and a fine library of somewhat smaller dimensions, with many offices cKCup^d mostly by denominational societies. The building to the left of our view-a bank - stands at the corner of St. Bride Street; and the bridge in the distance is that which carries the Holborn Viaduct over Farringdon Street. L 1 353 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. ST. SAVIOUR'S. SOUTHWARK. St. Saviour's, Southwark, within a few minutes’ walk of London Bridge Station, is well worthy of its status as a collegiate church. Before the Reformation it was known as the Priory Church of St Mary Overy. The tower, 35 feet square and 150 feet high, is a very solid structure. In 1840 the nave was rebuilt, but in so wretched a fashion that it had to be replaced by another, from the designs of Sir Arthur Blomfield, who has carried a thorough restoration of the fabric ; and it is probable that St. Saviour's will ultimately become a cathedral for South London. The poet John Gower is buried in the south transept, and in the church also lie Edmund Shake¬ speare, a brother of the poet, Phillip Massinger, John Fletcher, and other dramatists and actors who were connected with the old Bankside theatres. 354 From Photo by York & Son, Notting Hill, W. MERCHANT TAYLORS' SCHOOL. Established in 1561, the Merchant Taylors' School owes much to Sir Thomas White, who founded St. John's College, Oxford, and reserve., thereat forty-three scholarships for the Merchant Taylors’ boys. When the Charterhouse School was removed to Godaiming, the Merchant Taylors’ Company acquired the site in Charterhouse Square, and transferred their school hither from Suffolk Lane, Upper Thames Street The present premises, though they incorporate portions of the old Charternouse School, are modern ; the stone of the main building (in the centre of our view) having been laid by the Duke of Edinburgh in 1873. On the right of the picture is the latest addition to the buildings. To the left are the old Charterhouse cloisters, with the quarters of some of the officers of that foundation. 355 • ft >; ! t n| ■, !■ I » , X j Ml. !v ' T -1 1 J fti . ^ * a '?■ m " fiom Hioto by J. T. Sandell, South Noruood, S.E. GOLDSMITHS' HALL PREPARED FOR A “PYX DINNER.” The present Hall of the Goldsmiths’ Company, in Foster Lane, Cheapside, was built in the Italian style from designs by Philip Hardwick, R A , in 1832-5. T he splendid banqueting room is 8o feet long by 40 feet broad and 35 feet high. Between the Corinthian columns are portraits of Queen Adelaide, William I\ ., and Queen Victoria, and before the mirrors are busts of George III. and George IV. The stained glass of the five lofty arched windows displays the armorial bearings of distinguished goldsmiths ; and the magnificent plate of the Company is kept in a spacious alcove. A jury of wardens of the Company is periodically empanelled to test samples cf the coins made at the Royal Mint, which are placed in a small box, or pyx ; and this function is invariably followed by the “ Pyx Dinner. 1 ’ hrom Photo by J■ T. SandfII, South Norwood, S.E. GOLDSMITHS’ HALL: THE ASSAY OFFICE. Perhaps the most important privilege enjoyed by the Goldsmiths’ Company is the assaying and hall-marking of gold and silver articles. Fees for this are paid into the Inland Revenue, and the Company is allowed one per cent, of the value of the objects for the work it undertakes. Our picture shows a portion of the Assay Oflice at the Hall in Foster Lane. A variety of things, useful and ornamental, may be seen on the benches awaiting examination 1 he distinguishing mark of the Goldsmiths Company is a leopard's head. Another mark, which the various assaying offices in the provinces have in common with that in London, is the lion passant. H 357 From Photo by J. T Sand ell, South Norwood, S.E. STAIRCASE OF THE GROCERS - HALL. Second in standing to the Mercers’ alone, the Grocers’ Company has played an important part in the history of London. Its Hall, within a stone’s throw of the Bank, occupies the site of the ancient Synagogue in Old Jewry and, as may be judged from our picture of the Grand Staircase, it is a building worthy the dignified traditions of the " I’epperers,” to give the Company its old name. From Photo by J. T. Sxndell, South Norwood, S E. MERCERS’ HALL PREPARED FOR A LIVERY MEETING. The Mercers’ Company, incorporated 1393, stands first in civic precedence. Its Hall, of which the front was re-built in 1848, is entered from Ironmonger Lane, Cheapside. Our picture shows the handsome wainscoted Hall laid out for a livery meeting. The members of the higher grade of the chief City companies are called liverymen from the distinctive dress which they are entitled to wear. From Photo by Cassell & Co., Urn. CHINGFORD OLD CHURCH. Only the chancel of the picturesque old church at Chingford, dedicated to All Saints, is now used for divine service, and even that small part of it only in the summer time. It belongs to the late Early English and Decorated periods, some of the windows, however, being Perpendicular. 1 he old red brick of which the church is built is half hidden by fast-clinging ivy, which grows inside the ruined nave as well as on the exterior wall. The meadow between this fine old church and the River Lea, which flows hard by, is still known as " The King's Mead.” The very name of Chingford recalls the old days when the Royal hunting parties pursued their quarry in the forests of Epping and Hainault, crossing the Lea by the " King’s Ford.” 359 From Photo by Negretti & Zambra, Crystal Pa'ace . FOOTBALL AT THE CRYSTAL PALACE Football has become so popular with all classes of the community that the Crystal Palace authorities were well advised in laying out a part of the fine gardens at Sydenham as a football ground. The lake was filled in for this purpose ; and, from the spectators' point of view, there is not a finer ground in the country. It is estimated that sixty thousand persons can obtain an uninterrupted view of the game ; and the accommodation in the covered stands and on the rising ground is all that could be desired. From a Photo by F. G. 0. Stuart, Southampton. FLEET STREET, LOOKING EAST. Our view shows this narrow, though main, thoroughfare, the headquarters of London journalism, in a characteristic state of bustle. On the left is the resplendent office of the Daily Telegraph, marked by an electric lamp ; on the other side is the advertisement office of the Daily Chronicle, with the passage to Salisbury Square beyond. The figure of Atlas a little further on calls attention to the office of the World, and in the same court, which leads to St. Bride's church, Mr Punch is at home. Fleet Street terminates at Ludgate Circus, and the beginning of Ludgate Hill is crossed by the bridge of the London, Chatham and Dover Railway ; while the slender spire of St. Martin's brings into relief, the dimensions of the mighty dome of St. Paul’s Cathedral. } « 1 1 ■ ii E^alhiSaBsS. : 1] : $ 1 H '’-Ii HI m cilv From Photo by Cassell & Co., Urn. CHRISTS HOSPITAL: THE DINING HALL. The Dining Hall occupies the first floor of Christ's Hospital, the exterior of which we have already shown (p 192), and it measures 187 feet in length, 51J- feet in breadth, and 46^ feet in height. Here the “ Grecians,” as the senior scholars of Christ’s Hospital are called, exhibit their oratorical powers on great occasions, and here, too, the suppers take place on I hursdays in Lent, coram populo. Our picture shows some of the Blue-coat boys in their quaint costume. There is a fine organ in the Hall, and on the walls are some interesting pictures, including one of the Founding of the Hospital by Edward VI.—a reputed work of Holbein ; and another of the Presentation of the “ King’s Boys ” at the Court of James II., by Verrio. 362 From Photo by Cassell &. Co., Lim. ST. CLEMENT DANES' St. Clement Danes' (where the Danes come in nobody knows for certain) occupies a commanding position near the eastern end of the Strand It was built in 1682, under the superintendence of Wren, the tower, however, being added in 1719; and it was restored in 1839 The tower is 115 feet high, and consists of Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite tiers. Our view, taken from the front of the Royal Palace of Justice, shows the east end of the building The main street of the Strand is to the left of the picture, and the road to the right leads to Holywell Street and Wych Street It was at St. Clement Danes' that Dr Johnson regularly attended divine service, and his pew in the gallery is distinguished by a brass plate. The organ, by Father Smith, was restored in 1893. 363 ■ n •PI III 1 fcTmn iml rArl From Photo by Cassell &■ Co., Lim. WHITE LODGE, RICHMOND. In the middle of Richmond Park, at the end of a long avenue of noble trees, is the royal residence known by the modest name of White Lodge, long occupied by the Duke and Duchess of Teck, the latter of whom died here in October, 1897 It was Queen Caroline's favourite home : here Queen Victoria lived for a time after the death of the Duchess of Kent, and here also the Prince of Wales resided for a while before his marriage. At the White Lodge, too, the elder son of the Duke and Duchess of York was born. Among the heirlooms of the place are portraits of George III. and cf Queen Charlotte, the latter presented to Lord Sidmouth, formerly Mr. Addington, by the King. 364 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Urn. THE CATTLE SHOW Many Londoners never realise that Christmas is at hand until the Smithfield Club's annual Show of fat beasts is opened at the Agricultural Hall, Islington. Our view was taken after the judging was completed, and on the notices above the exhibits are recorded the awards won, the weights, and the names of the butchers who had purchased the beasts for Christmas beef Beneath the galleries, which are laden with agricultural implements, are pens of sheep, and in annexes pigs and dead poultry are exhibited T. 4 365 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. LORD STRATHNAIRN'S STATUE. At the Knightsbridge corner of Brompton Road is the statue of Field-Marshal Hugh Rose, Lord Strathnairn of Jhansi, erected by his “ friends and comrades " Although gallant soldier, who first gained distinction by organising the Turkish defence against Mehemet Ali, and later in the Crimea, in the Indian Mutiny, and as Commander- in-Chict in India and in Ireland, died in 1885, at the ripe age of 82 years, the statue was not unveiled till June, 1895, "’hen the ceremony was performed by the Duke of Grafton Mr. Onslow Ford’s fine work shows Lord Strathnairn in the uniform of Field-Marshal: and the statue was cast from guns taken in 1858 by the Central India Force and presented by the Government of India On the pedestal are inscriptions enumerating the battles in which Lord Strathnairn played a conspicuous part. 366 From Photo hy Cassell & Co., Um. WESTMINSTER HALL Although now nothing more than a vestibule to the Houses of Parliament, there are few buildings in London with such interesting historical associations as Westminster Hall. This view of it is taken from the New Palace Yard end, looking towards St. Stephen’s Porch. It formed part of the Palace founded before the Norman Conquest, and used as a royal residence until the time of Henry VIII. William Rufus began the Hall, which is a building of unusual size and beauty Here Charles I , William Wallace, Sir Thomas More, Guy Fawkes, and many another, were condemned to death, and the Seven Bishops and Warren Hastings were acquitted The entrances to the old Law Courts (now demolished) through the wall on the right of our view have been blocked un; the statues on the left are those of various British monarchs 367 From Photo by Cassell & Co.. Lim. ST. PANCRAS STATION : THE INTERIOR. Without question, the London terminus of the Midland Railway Company can challenge favourable comparison with any other station in the world The station itself is not so extensive as the Great Eastern terminus, in Liverpool Street, but it is said to have the largest roof, unsupported by a single pillar, in existence. This roof of glass and iron, upheld by girders of an uncommon kind, which are in keeping w : ith the style of the hotel, is no less than 243 feet broad and 690 feet long, covering in its huge span four platforms, eleven lines of rails, and a broad road for cabs To the left of our picture, the west side, are the booking offices, and from this side the trains depart, the eastern platforms being reserved for arrivals. This triumph of construction was designed by Mr. Barlow. 368 From Photo by F. G. O. Stuart, Southampton. ST. PANCRAS STATION : THE EXTERIOR , „ .. Q u a1 l he Slid of the exterior 3 This splendid Gothic pile, designed by Sir Gilbert Scott, is ornate to a degree £ sr- zzs sen. *. 4. -... «.—...—- railway station, the terminus of the Great Northern Railway, with part of the Station Hotel 369 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim, HAMPTON COURT PALACE FROM THE RIVER. The view of Hampton Court Palace from the Thames is not so striking nor so dignified as from some other points, but it nevertheless has its charms, the red colour of the vast structure contrasting agreeably with the green banks and gleaming water of the river. Our picture is taken from just below the ugly bridge the one thing that spoils the scene. To the south, between the Palace and the stream, is the Privy Garden, with the celebrated vine. There was once a water gate, in which the Princess Elizabeth was imprisoned and whence Charles I escaped ; and here the state barges were wont to stop. This, however, is no more, and barges, except for commercial purposes, have given place to steam launches. 37 ° TJH x: 4, 'A* * Z V t w i w & i i Pf I ■ -■ - 1 ,1 k * ipro if > ■ *!»/ _ KJ 4 From Photo by Russell & Sons, Baker Street, W. A MISSIONARY MEETING AT THE CHURCH HOUSE. WESTMINSTER. The scheme for providing a group of buildings which should serve as a Parliament 1 louse for the Church of England was started in 1886 as the Clergy Memorial of the Queen's Jubilee. The site chosen for the purpose, about an acre in extent, is to the south of Dean's Yard, Westminster. The Great Hall, in the principal chamber of which a Missionary meeting is being held, is the only part of the scheme yet carried out It forms one side of what is intended to be a quadrangle, is in the late Perpendicular style, and was completed from Sir Arthur Blomfield’s designs early in 1896 Beneath this chamber are two others, where the Upper and Lower Houses of Convocation now hold their meetings. The main entrance to the building is in Great Smith Street. 37* From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. REGENT’S PARK: THE LAKE. The attractions of Regent’s Park are many and various. We have seen its beautiful Flower Walk as represented on p. 98 ; at the north end of this, to the west side, are the Zoological Gardens ; south of the “ Zoo,” to use the popular abbreviation, stretches a wide expanse of green, where on half-holidays in summer you may see a score of humble cricket matches going on at once ; to the south, again, of this are the gardens and museum of the Royal Botanic Society, the grounds in which the members of the Toxophilite Society display their prowess with bow and arrow, and finally the extensive sheet of ornamental water whose western bank is here depicted. This irregularly shaped lake is much resorted to for skating in hard winters, and in the summer rowing boats are let out on hire. A number of aquatic birds make their home and rear their young on its islands. From Photo by Cassell & Co., Urn. THE SOUTH BANKS OF THE THAMES, FROM THE TOWER BRIDGE (HIGH LEVEL). Photography is short-sighted, and, like a short-sighted human being, it is constrained, when surveying an extensive landscape, to exert almost all its powers of observation upon the foreground and middle distance ; the background, however distinct to the natural vision, is apt to be lost to the lens in mist. This view from the high level of the Tower Bridge offers a case in point. London Bridge, the viaduct which carries the South Eastern Railway across the stream from Cannon Street Station, Waterloo Bridge, and, on the left, the long roof of London Bridge Station, with the square pinnacled tower of St. Saviour's Collegiate Church in the mid-distance, can be identified without difficulty; but the stately towers of Westminster and the gentle outline of the hills in the far distance have to be filled in by the imagination From Photo by Cassell & Co., Urn. THE NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERY, FROM ST. MARTINS PLACE The main entrance to the National Portrait Gallery is in the east wing, here represented ; the north facade, fronting the Charing Cross Road, is plainer and heavier, and generally less attractive. The necessity of making the edifice an appendage to the National Gallery no doubt fettered the architect's hands in its construction. It was designed by the late Mr. Evan Christian, whose plans were carried out under the supervision of Mr. J. H. Christian The National Portraits were formerly kept at the South Kensington Museum, ana afterwards at its Bethnal Green branch Their present home, opened in 1896, owes its existence to Mr. W. H Alexander, who in 1888 undertook to devote ^80,000 to its erection. 374 ROSSETTI'S HOUSE IN CHEYNE WALK. CHELSEA. Chelsea, by reason of its old-world picturesqueness and its aspect of tranquil comfort, has at all times had attractions as a dwelling-place for authors and artists, and that riverside district of it which includes Cheyne Walk has acquired a special interest from its association with great names It was in the house numbered iC, and now surmounted by a figure of Mercury, that Dante Gabriel Rossetti, famous both as painter and as poet, spent the last eighteen years of his life At No. 4, Cheyne Walk, once the residence of Daniel Maclise, George Eliot lived for a few months, and here, in 1880, she died. No 119, at the western end of the road, was the last abode of J. M. W. Turner. 375 Front Photo by Cassell & Co., Lint. DR. JOHNSON'S HOUSE, GOUGH SQUARE. At one time or another Dr. Johnson lived in no less than sixteen London houses. To Gough Square, off Fleet Street, approached by way of Wine Office Court, he came in 1748, when he was twenty-nine, and here he remained for ten years In the house numbered 17, and now occupied by a firm of printers and stationers and ;arked by one of the tablets of the Society of Arts, one may still see the study in which he worked at the great Dictionary, and the garret in which his six assistants pursued their labours. It was here also that he began The Rambler and The Idler Dr Johnson’s visitors during these years were many and variousa misceilany creditable,” as Barber, his servant, put it, “ to the largeness of his humanity.” 376 From Pho'o by Ca'sell & Co.. Lint VIEW FROM THE TERRACE GARDENS, RICHMOND, LOOKING UP-STREAM. is not too much to say that the view here represented is one of the most charming of its kind to bs seen anywhere near London. From the Terrace itself, above these Gardens, and from the grounds of the " Star and Garter " Hotel, higher up on Richmond Hill, a wider outlook is to be had yet the panorama, with all its magnifi¬ cence, is hardly' so perfect in its beauty as this vista among the trees. These Terrace Gardens at one time formed part of the grounds of Buccleuch House, of which we give a view on page 133 377 ■ I I 1 - ^ M I wm. From Photo by Cassell & Co , Lim INTERIOR OF THE ROYAL EXCHANGE. Ibis inner area of the Royal Exchange is hardly less impressive in its massive beauty than the Corinthian portico already depicted (p 12) It is a covered courtyard, paved with the iurkey stones that formed the floor of the previous buildings, destroyed by fire in 1666 and 1838. In the centre is a statue of the Queen, b\ Mi. ilamo ihoinycroft , in the north-east corner is a monument of Queen Elizabeth, and the south-east angle is occupied by one of Charles II., so that all the monarchs under whose auspices the three Exchanges were founded are represented in the interior Three of the wall-panels are adorned with as many frescoes, the work of the late Lord Leighton, Mr. Macbeth, and Mr. S. J. Solomon. CHESTERFIELD HOUSE. Chesterfield House, built foi Lord t hesterfield by Isaac Ware in 1747, stands at the bottom of South Audley Street Now in the centre of London it was then on its confines. It is chiefly notable for its colonnaded courtyard, its marble staircase—brought, like the columns that surround the courtyard, from Canons, near Edgware, the mansion of the " princely" Duke of Chandos—and its library, in which the famous" Letters were written. It was not really in this house, however, that 1 >r ft was kept waiting for an interview with his " patron," though in the well-known picture one of the rooms is made the scene of that memorable incident ; Lord Chester¬ field had not entered upon his residence here at that time. 379 From Photo by Cassell £. Co., Lim. HER MAJESTY'S THEATRE, FROM THE HAYMARKET. I he beautiful new theatre erected in 1896 by Mr. H. Beerbohm Tree, from designs by Mr. C. J Phipps, goes far towards redeeming London from the charge of having no fit home for the Drama. Covent Garden, Drury Lane, and the old Her Majesty’s, on a part of the site of which the new edifice was constructed, though spacious and massive enough, could ill bear comparison with the stately theatres of foreign capitals ; but a glance at the accompanying picture is enough to show that the building which it represents is at once imposing and elegant It has two fa<;ades, one looking down upon the Haymarket, the other upon Charles Street. On the adjoining site a huge hotel is now in process of construction. 380 From Photo by Cassell A Co , Um. VIEW FROM THE CLOCK TOWER, WESTMINSTER The Public Offices which stand out so prominently in this view were erected in 1868-73, from designs by Sir Gilbert Scott They comprise the Home, Colonial, Foreign, and India Offices, with those of the Local Government Board, and are bounded by Charles Street on the south and Downing Street on the north, by Whitehall on the east and St. James’s Park on the west. To the north of Downing Street is the Treasury Beyond may be seen the Clock Tower over the Horse Guards, and, a little to the left, the new offices of the Admiralty. On the extreme right the Nelson Monument may just be discerned ; in the distance appear the heights of Hampstead ^•Jgg f 11 _ 1 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Urn. LINCOLNS INN CHAPEL IIow strange it would seem to us nowadays were our lawyers and their clients to resort to church for their consultations! Yet the chapel of Lincoln's Inn, like the Temple Church and old St. Paul's, was thus utilised in former times Hither the men learned in the law came, we are told, to " talk and confer their learnings.” Hither, too, "me of the more famous of them were brought to be buried. The chapel, which is built over a cloister just inhde the gateway of the Inn, was designed by Inigo Jones, but has been added to by Lord Grimthorpe. 382 From Photo by CasscU &. Co., Lim. GREENWICH PARK. Greenwich lies but six miles from London Bridge—one can get there by steamer from Westminster in less than an hour—and in the summer months it is a favourite resort of Londoners. The Park is noted especially for its magnificent trees and for its deer From the pleasant eminence whence our photograph was taken (close to the famous Observatory) there is a splendid view of the Thames, and away to the left, on a clear day, one may see the towers and spires of London To the right is Greenwich Hospital, now the Royal Naval College, with its famous collection of naval pictures. 3-3 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. THE CHAPEL ROYAL, ST. JAMES'S. It was in the chapel of St. James’s Palace that her Majesty the Queen was married to the late Prince Albert, on the ioth of February, 1840, and here also, eighteen years later, her eldest daughter, the Princess Victoria, was wedded to Frederick, Crown Prince of Prussia, afterwards German Emperor. The flat roof is not unhand¬ somely fretted and painted, and the wood fittings of the interior are of the Georgian type. The royal pew is in a gallery over the entrance. A notable feature of the services is the gorgeous appearance of the boy choristers in their scarlet frock-coats, braided with gold. 384 From Photo by Cassell A. Co., Lim IN WATERLOW PARK. The pleasant grounds on Highgate Hill which are now known as Waterl >w I’ark were presented to the London County Council by Sir Sydney Waterlow, in 1S89, for the use ot the public. They formed at one time the grounds of Lauderdale House, the residence of the Earls of Lauderdale, borrowed by Charles 11 . for Nell Gwynne on an occasion when the notorious Lord Deputy was away in Scotland. As our view shows, they are richly timbered, and beautified with sheets of water. The mansion was used for a period as the convalescent home to St. Bartholomew ’s Hospital. It has now been renovated and converted into a refreshment house. M 1 385 From Photo by Cassell & Co., L m. THE GEOLOGICAL MUSEUM. The Royal School of Mines and Museum of Practical Geology in Piccadilly, commonly spoken of as the Geological Museum, was erected in 1850, from Pennethorne’s designs, at a cost of ,£30,000 It contains a hall, formed into three divisions b}' Doric columns, for the display of stones used in architecture, a lecture room, a library, and a reception room, all on the ground floor, in addition to the Museum proper, represented in our illustration, on the upper floor. Here is to be seen a varied collection of geological specimens of every kind, a model of the London section of the Thames valley being one of its most interesting features. Along the sides of the two galleries are cases containing fossils. The building is entered from Jermyn Street. >85 PALL MALL: THE SOUTH SIDE. In this view five of the most notable and representative of London clubs are represented. First we see the most important and exclusive of the Conservative clubs, the Carlton, with its pillars and pilasters of polished red granite; next it, with only a roadway between, is the leading Liberal club, the Reform, a building of rare stateliness, though less ornate than its rival next door; beyond, is the Travellers Club, the earliest of the more notable of Sn Charles Parr\ s woiks in London , adjoining this is the Athenaeum, a non-political club whose list of members includes a greater number of distinguished names than any other , then, on the other side of Waterloo Place, is the United Service Club, with its dignified portico. 387 Fiom Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. UXBRIDGE HOUSE. This fine specimen of the town house of the last century, situated on the north side of Burlington Gardens, between Old Burlington Street and Savile Row, was erected by Vardy, with the assistance of Joseph Bonomi, for the first Earl of Uxbridge, father of the first Marquis of Anglesey, who lost his leg at Waterloo. It was sold by the latter's son and successor about the year 1855, and is now used as the western branch of the Bank of England. Uxbridge House occupies the site of a still more famous mansion, Queensberry House, the residence of the celebrated Duke and Duchess of Queensberry, the patrons and hosts of the poet Gay, author of The Beggar's Opera. 388 WKHB * ■* 1 From Photo PADDINGTON STATION. Some of our London railway termini, it must be confessed, are about as ugh as they could have been made; but Paddington, the headquarters of the Great Western Railway, though less imposing than St. Pancras, of which views will be found elsewhere in the present work (pp. 368, 369), is not to be included in this category. It roof is light and elegant, there is abundance of platform space, and its frontage upon Praed Street is by no means unimpressive. On the right of our view are tin arrival platforms. From Photo bj Cassell & Co., Lim. FINSBURY PARK. I lie name 1 insbury Park is misleading, for the large triangular open space, nearly 120 acres in extent, to which it is applied is separated from Finsbury by the districts of Holloway, Islington, and Hoxton, and was formerly known as Hornsey Wood. It is pleasantly laid out in ornamental walks and flower gardens. In the centre the pretty aitilicial lake somewhat similar in its general aspect to the lake in St. James’s Park—shown in our picture Finsbury Park w’as opened in 1869, under u.spices ol the late Metropolitan Board of \\ orks, as a public recreation ground and promenade. The ground slopes gently down towards the Seven Sisters Road, which skirts it on the south-west. THE HOUSE OF LORDS THE ROYAL GALLERY. It is through the Royal Gallery that her Majesty the Queen has been accustomed to pass from the Robing Room to the House of Lords, when proceeding thither for the purpose of opening or proroguing Parliament It is a stately chamber no feet long, with a breadth and height of about 45 feet. The ceiling is brave with gilding and heraldry, the pavement is of mosaic, and the walls are adorned with two frescoes by Maclise—on the left, “The Death of Nelson on the right, “ The Meeting of Wellington and Bliicher after Waterloo.'' To the north of the Royal Gallery, between it and the House of Lords, is The Prince's Chamber, containing a marble group by Gibson—just visible in our picture—showing Queen Victoria on her throne, supported by Justice and Mercy. From Photo by Cassell &. Co., Lim. THE NEW ADMIRALTY OFFICES. The old Admiralty, erected in 1726 opposite Scotland Yard, had long been inadequate for the convenient transaction of the vast business connected with the administration of the Navy, and it has now been supplemented by new buildings in the rear, to the north of the Horse Guards Parade They were completed in 1805, from designs in a modified form of the classic, with Anglo-Italian features, furnished by Messrs. Leeming & Leeming, of Halifax It is intended to build another block on the north side, which will join the present buildings together at their northern extremities, and so will be formed three sides of a quadrangle enclosing the Admiralty Gardens, which separate the old Admiralty from the structure shown in our illustration. 392 — THE GUILDHALL LIBRARY. Built in 1871-2 in the Tudor style, from designs by Sir Horace Jones, the Guildhall Library was intended to serve the additional purpose of a reception room on great occasions, the Museum underneath being similarly adapted. It is a lofty and spacious room, with a magnificent roof of open timber, and is excellently lighted. On the shelves within its twelve bays and elsewhere are some 70,000 volumes. Perhaps the two most notable features of the Library are the great number of works dealing with the history of London, and the valuable collection of works in Hebrew. To the right of the Library is the Reading Room, open to the public, like the Library itself, from 10 a m until 9 p m. M3 393 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. THE MEMORIAL FOUNTAIN IN PARK LANE. I his ornamental fountain, situated some twenty yards to the north of the point where Park Lane and Hamilton Place meet, was erected under peculiar, if not unique, circum¬ stances. It was built, at a cost of ^5,000, ou * the property of a lady who died intestate and whose wealth came into the possession of the Government. She had often advocated the erection of a fountain here, and, the money being thus available, it was decided in 1875 to give effect to her wishes. The design of the sculptor, Mr. I homas I hornycroft, is much admired for its ingenuity and beauty. It consists of a group of heroic-sized marble statues of three great English Poets on a columnar pedestal, with three bronze figures of Muses below; Shakespeare between the muses of Comedy and Tragedy! Milton between Tragedy and History j Chaucer between History and Comedy ; while on the summit is poised a gilded bronze winged figure of Fame 394 . j ^ y TXfc .1 '■ ■ fog • *»» From Photo by Cassell & Co., L m QUEEN'S HALL, LANGHAM PLACE. The north end of Regent Street, adjoining Langham Place, has long been associated in the minds of pleasure-seekers with St George's Hall and the German Reed Entertain¬ ments ; but Queen’s Hali, the handsome temple of music erected in 1893 from designs by Mr Knightley, may now be said to be the principal point of attraction in this neighbourhood. It is a spacious hall, some 21,000 square feet in area, and, including its double galleries, it has seating accommodation for 3.000 persons. 1 he painted ceiling is the work of Carpegat. A permanent orchestra has recently been formed at this hall, under the conductorship of Mr Henry J Wood, w ho has won for himself a place in the front rank of English conductors. From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. PECKHAM PARK. Peckham Park may be regarded as an extension southwards of Peckham Rye, which has long been a popular recreation-ground, not merely for the people of Peckham, but for the inhabitants of all the surrounding districts The Rye used to form part of two manors ; but in the year 1868 the vestry of the parish purchased the manorial rights, thus securing it for the free use of the South Londoner. Many improvements have been carried out since then, and The Rye has more than once been extended, until now, with the Park, it measures 114 acres. The word " Rye," sometimes spelled " Rey ” in old documents, is thought to be derived from " ree,” a watercourse, river, or expanse of water. 396 From Photo by Cassell <£ Co., Urn. HENRY THE SEVENTH'S CHAPEL, WESTMINSTER ABBEY. Henry the Seventh's Chapel is regarded by some authorities as the finest example of Tudor architecture extant, its wonderfully elaborate fan-tracery roof being specially noticeable. At the east end is a chevet of chapels. In the nave is a marble monument to Henry VII. and his wife, by Torregiano Edward VI , Janies I , Queen Mary, Queen Elizabeth, Mary Queen of Scots, Charles II, William and Mary, Queen Anne and her husband, Prince George of Denmark all are buried within these walls. Here also lay the bodies of Cromwell and some members of his family, of Ireton, Bradshaw', and Blake, until the Restoration, when they were disinterred and the chief of them haled to Tyburn for mutilation. To the right in our view is the tower of St. Margaret's Church ; to the left are Poets' Corner and the Chapter House. M 4 397 VIEW FROM ST. PAUL'S, LOOKING WEST. Many notable and important buildings are included in this outlook westward from the Golden Gallery of St. Paul's. To the right of Ludgate Hill, as we glance down it towards the foot of Fleet Street, may be seen the sharp spire of St. Martin’s. Further on, a little to the left of Fleet Street, the beautiful steeple of St. Bride's, one of Wren’s most graceful works, casts its shadow over a cluster of neighbouring newspaper offices. To the right of the railway bridge, with a frontage on Farringdon Street, which runs at right angles to Ludgate Hill, is the tower of the Congregational Memorial Hall (see p. 353). Half a mile westward stands out the Record Office, with its massive towers ; west of this is the Royal Palace of Justice, with a slender spire rising behind that cf St. Bride's. To the south is the river, spanned by the beautiful arches of Waterloo Bridge. VIEW FROM BOW CHURCH, LOOKING EAST. There are few points from which one can get a more comprehensive v i sw of London than from the stone gallery round the tower of Bow Church. Cheapside and the Poultry, immediately below, end in an open space—the very heart of the city—to the north of which, hardly discernible in our picture, is the Bank of England, while it is bounded on the east and south respectively by the Royal Exchange, whose bell-tower stands out prominently, and the Mansion Hi use wh west side is partially visible on the right, with St. Stephen’s, Walbrook, to the south of it, close by. The church tower a little to the right of the Exchange, but further awav, is that of St. Michael’s, Corn- hill, with the spire of St. Peter’s-upon-Cornhill by its side. Beyond the Mansion House is the church of St. Mary Woolnoth. Half way down Cheapside, towering above the other buildings, is the Mercers' Hall. 399 ml From Photo by Cassell & Co.. Lim. ST. SAVIOUR’S, SOUTHWARK: THE NAVE, LOOKING EAST. St. Saviour’s has a long and interesting history rich in personal association, notably with Gower the poet,. John Fletcher, Massinger, Shakespeare’s youngest brother, and many playwrights and actors connected with the Globe, the Rose, and other Bankside theatres. The choir, transept, and Lady Chapel, a fine example of Early English work, formed part of the original building on this site—the priory church of St. Mary Overy, founded early in the twelfth century, and at the Dissolution acquired by the parishes of St. Mary Magdalen and St Margaret-at-Hill as the parish church of St. Saviour In the restored Lady Chapel, once used as a bakihouse, some of the victims of Queen Mary’s persecutions were put on trial The rebuilding of the nave was begun in 1891 under the direction of Sir A Blomfield, and on its completion, in 1897, the edifice was reoje.ied as a collegiate church. From Photo by Casset! & Co., Lim. THE ROYAL ACADEMY. We have seen (p 236) a representation of that portion of Burlington House, opened in 1872, which completes tin ■ n the south side and faces Piccadilly. Here we see the facade of the original building, erected for himself in - 3 , ,5-1 743 by Richard Hoyle. Lari of Bui 1 the assistance of Kent the architect and land ca earner Sir William Chambers, the architect of Somerset House, declared it to be ■■ one of the finest pieces of architecture m Europe. I ope also admired it but ft was held up to ridicule by Hogarth. It was purchased by the Government in 1854 for £140.000. and some fourteen years later it was placed at the disposal of the Royal Academy of Arts, with the proviso that they should heighten the building by the addition of an upper storey. Previously the annual exhibitions of the Academy had been held in the National Gallery, an arrangement attended with much inconvenience owing to the insufficiency of space. 40I From Photo by Cassell & Co., Urn. THE SUB-TROPICAL GARDENS, BATTERSEA PARK. This section of Battersea Park is our London equivalent of the Jardin d'Acclimatation of Paris, and as such may be counted among the regular "sights’' of London. It is about four acres in extent, and within these four acres may be seen specimens of plants and flowers and trees from a hundred different quarters of the globe—palms, aloes, the cactus, Arctic saxifrage, and Chinese nettle growing and flourishing in close proximity to the geranium and the rose. The Gardens adjoin an ornamental piece of water on whose surface wild fowl from many latitudes disport themselves. 402 From Flioio Ly Casccll &. Co . Lim. ST STEPHEN'S, WALBROOK We have here a not inadequate representation of one of Wren's masterpieces; though of a principal feature of it-the great dome, supposed to have been a study for that of St Paul's—only a very small section is visible. The present church was erected in 1672-9 ; the previous building, which dated from the time of Hemy , saving been destroyed in the Great Fire. The body of the church is in the nature of a parallelogram, divided by rows of (' -rmtlnan columns into five aisles of unequal dimensions. Beautiful in its general design, the interior of St. Stephen’s is regarded by some authorities as diifigured by blemishes of detail, one ol these bung the disagreeable oval openings for light which Wren had resort to in so many of his works. 403 THE DRAWING ROOM, MARLBOROUGH HOUSE. It would be interesting to compare this illustration of the drawing room of Marlborough House as it is to be seen to-day, now that it is the town house of the Prince and Princess of Wales, with a view of it as it was in the early part of the eighteenth century, when the Duke of Marlborough was at the zenith of his fame, and when Defoe described the mansion “ as in every way answerable to the grandeur of its master." The interior has undergone several changes since then, one of the most ‘ astic being in 1837, when it was renovated and furnished for the benefit of Queen Adelaide. It must have always been a source of regret to the various occupants of Marlborough House that the view to the north is almost completely cut off by the adjacent houses. Sir Robert Walpole had the lease of one of these when the mansion was completed; and not being unfavourably disposed towards the Duchess, he declined to fall in with a plan she had conceived for opening a way direct into Pall Mall. 404 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Urn. THE REGALIA IN THE TOWER OF LONDON These emblems of royalty are preserved, in the strong iron cage whose bars are so prominent in our illustration, in that part of the Tower of London which is known as The Record or Wakefield Tower, the reputed scene of the murder of Henry VI. They include (surmounting the group) the Imperial State crown, made for Queen Victoria in 1838 ; the Prince of Wales's crown (immediately below it on the left), and St. Edward's crown (to the left again, underneath) made for Charles II. the ancient crown having been melted down and converted into coin after the execution of his father. Behind this, crossing each other, are the old sceptre and the sceptre of the Dove; and we can also distinguish the Orb (high up, on the right), placed in the Sovereign's right hand at the coronation. ? ijBL j SUff ; ■MfifyjEl L J From Photo by Cassell & Co., bin. METROPOLITAN POLICEMEN GOING ON DUTY. Mere we have a representation of a characteristic scene, enacted at regular intervals every day and night — Bow Street Police Station, a group of loiterers conning the notices posted up outside its portals concerning things "stolen ” and people " wanted," a file of policemen issuing from the station, bound each for his allotted post. The Metropolitan police force, like other human institutions, is not perfect, but on the whole it does its difficult work well. Candidates for admission have to satisfy somewhat exacting requirements as to health, strength, and intelligence, and to undergo a rigorous investigation concerning their past character and habits. A no less rigorous probation of from three to six weeks helps further towards the elimination of the unfit. 406 From Photo by Cassell A. Co., Lim. VIEW FROM PARLIAMENT HILL, LOOKING NORTH-WEST. That part of Hampstead Heath which is now known as Parliament Hill earned a less pleasing appellation at the beginning of the seventeenth century from its association with Huy Fawkes. It was on this spot 1 raitors Hill, as it came to be known—that the conspirator's associates are said to have taken up their position on that famous Fifth of November, 1605, to await the expected explosion. The present name is held to have been derived from the fact that the Parliamentary generals planted cannon here for the defence of London. io the left in our picture Highgate Church stands out prominently ; nearer the centre may be seen a handsome Roman Catholic church, with a large dome. It belongs to St. Joseph’s Retreat, the chief seat of the Passionist Fathers in England. 407 THE OPENING OF THE BLACKWALL TUNNEL. T he great tunnel which goes under the Thames between Blackwall and East Greenwich was five years, more or less, in process of construction, and afforded regular employ¬ ment all the year round to more than 600 men The Bill sanctioning the undertaking received the Royal Assent so far back as 1888, but it was not until March, 1892, that the work was actually begun. The tunnel proper, exclusive of the open approaches, is 4,460 feet in length, about 1,220 feet being under the river. The contract h r it was let out to Messrs. Pearson & Son, of Westminster, for ^871,000, and it was constructed from plans by the Chief Engineer to the Council, Mr. (now Sir) A. R. Binnie, anil opened on the 22nd of May, 1897, on behalf of the Queen, by the Prince of Wales, who was accompanied by the Princess. Our illustration shows the royal carriage entering the tunnel on the Blackwall side. THE FIELD LANE REFUGE. There are no forms of philanthropy more admirable than that which incites and animates the workers in such institutions as this Field Lane Refuge, and none which calls for a stronger faith in humanity There is an air of hopelessness in the faces of these full-grown waifs and strays calculated to discourage all but the most ardent and persevering. The Field Lane Refuges and Ragged Schools, to give the full designation of this excellent charity, were founded in 1841. There are two branches, one in Vine Street, Clerkenwell Road—of the interior of which we have here a representation, and in connection with which there is a creche —the other at Hampstead, where an Industrial Home for Girls and Boys is carried on. Field Lane itself, from which the establishment derives its name, extended northwards from the foot of Holborn Hill, and was a haunt of the dangerous classes, as readers of “ Oliver Twist " will remember It was improved out of existence many years ago. From Photo by Cassell & Co , Urn. STATUE OF CHARLES II. AT CHELSEA HOSPITAL. 1 his bronze statue of Charles II. clad in Roman imperial armour—a somewhat incongruous garb for the Merry Monarch—is believed to be the work of Grinling Gibbons. It stands in the central area of the Hospital, which is carefully laid out in grass plots and walks, as may be seen from our view. A bit of one of the suspension bridge-* over the Thames is discernible in our picture ; the intervening trees, to the left, are in that portion of the grounds which once was included in the Ranelagh Gardens. The three pensioners standing near the statue enable us to form some idea of its proportions. 410 THE SERPENTINE. We have seen already in our illustrations "I the Ladies' Mile and "I Rotten Row, on pp 127 and 129, that Hyde Park provides agreeable meeting-places for the rii h. we see it in another aspect, as a playground for the poor The Serpentine, especially, is a source of perennial enjoyment to the children who frequent its banks, and to their elders also it offers amusement in the form of boating and skating, and, within stated hours, of bathing. In the distance may be seen the arches of Sir John Rennie's graceful bridge, built in 1826. 411 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. CLAPHAM JUNCTION AT NIGHT Clapham Junction, as all experienced travellers are well aware, forms an important link in the chain of suburban and main line ser\ices connected with the London, Brighton and South Coast, the London, Chatham, and Dover, the London and North Western, the London and South Western, and the West London Extension Railways, over twelve hundred trains passing through it daily. There are nine platforms. In the day it presents a scene of continual bustle, not easily to be matched elsewhere. From the point of view of the picturesque, it undoubtedly looks its best at night. The long lines of gas lamps, the brilliant globes of the electric lights, the flashes of red and green from the signal-posts, the gleaming metal of the rails, all combine to impart a certain fascination to the scene. From Pinto by Urn. KING'S CROSS GOODS-YARD AT NIGHT We have given a representation of Clapham Junction at night ; here we have a companion picture of the goods-yard at King's Cross, the terminus of the Great Northern Railway. Both, of course, are in the nature of tours tie force for a photographic lens, which is normally dependent on the collaboration of the sun—at least in the case of views, for the taking of portraits by artificial light is becoming daily more common. The importance of the Goods Department of the Great Northern may best be suggested by figures. Thus we find that in a single year, during which the passenger traffic on the line brought in £i, 378,872, no less than £z, 215,869 was put to the credit of the Goods Department. 4 1 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. THE CHARTERHOUSE. Although Charterhouse School has migrated to Godaiming in Surrey, and the site of the building in which Steele and Addison and Thackeray were educated is now for the most part occupied by the new Merchant Taylors’ School, that part of the foundation which provided a home for “ eighty poor brethren ” still exists. It was a London merchant from Lincolnshire, named Thomas Sutton, who established this " Hospital," as he called it, in 1611, buying for the purpose what had been the old Carthu¬ sian Monastery of the Salutation, founded in 1371. Our view shows the Preacher’s Court. The rooms over the cloisters, and the building on the left, are occupied by the Brethren of the Charterhouse. On the right is the spire of the Merchant Taylors’ School. 414 From Photo by H N. King, She, THE QUEENS PRIVATE CHAPEL, BUCKINGHAM PALAOE. The small chapel in the gardens of Buckingham Palace has not often been used tor royal weddings. Here we have a representation of it.as it was on the day of the ma riage of Princess Maud of W ales with Prince Charles of Denmark. Cardinal red was the prevailing hue in the scheme of colouring, relieved with white and French grey The pillars weie painted in cream and crimson ; the pews were upholstered in crimson damask; there was a crimson dado round the walls and crimson carpeting on Festoons and garlands of beautiful cream-coloured roses lent a peculiar charm to the scene. The great cross behind the altar and the monogram on either During the ceremony her Majesty occupied the arm-chair to be seen in our picture. the floor. side were also formed of cream-coloured roses. 415 From Photo by Cass^/I & Co., L : m. ST. JAMESS STREET, PICCADILLY, LOOKING SOUTH. London clubdom may be said to have come into being at the south-west corner of St. James’s Street, in close proximity to St. James’s Palace. Here, on the west side of the street, second from the end, stood the famous St. James’s Coffee House, the resort of Swift and Addison, and throughout the eighteenth century the principal rendezvous t'i the\v higs. Near it was the " I hatched House” Tavern, hardly less rich in historical associations. The original “ Thatched House ” was pulled down in 1814, but a c '"k house, erected upon its site in 1865, and known until 1873 as the " Civil Service,” now perpetuates the name. Next to it is another club, the " Conservative ” ; ud higher up are “Arthurs, “ Brooks’s, and what used to be “ Crockford’s/’ but is now the “ Devonshire,’’ past whose entrance, in our illustration, the four-in-hand is speeding on its way. Immediately opposite is the famous old club known ?is “ White’s ” ; lower down on this side are “ Boodle’s ” and the " Junior Army and Navy ’ 416 A MEETING OF THE LONDON COUNTY COUNCIL In this interesting picture we get a glimpse of the main-spring of the machinery of the administration of London -the central representative governing authority styled the London County Council. It has existed only since i 83 g, when it succeeded the Metropolitan Board of Works, whose duties and powers, however, were of far less extent. The Council, which holds its meetings in the County Hall, Spring Gardens, consists of 118 elected representatives—two from each Parliamentary division and four from the City—and 19 Aldermen, these being chosen by the elected members ; and election takes place triennially. Lord Rosebery, Sir John Lubbock, Sir John Hutton, Sir Arthur Arnold, and Dr Collins, the present occupant of the chair, have in turn presided over the Council. The vice-chairman and deputy-chairman, Mr. Beachcroft and Mr. Torrance, may be seen sitting respectively on the right and the left hand of Dr Collins. From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. THE NATIONAL GALLERY OF BRITISH ART The new National Gallery of British Art—the gift to the nation of Mr. Henry Tate "asa thank-offering for a prosperous business career of sixty years," according to a modest inscription which he has placed in the building—was opened by the Prince of Wales on July 21, 1897. It stands on a part of the site of the Millbank Penitentiary, and is the work of Mr. Sidney R J. Smith. Of the exterior our picture conveys a sufficiently distinct idea. Its general appearance will be still more effective when the new bridge immediately facing it shall have been completed, and the other alterations in the approaches to it carried out. At present it contains seven picture galleries, the longest of which is 93 feet by 32 ; but it is already about to be extended. The collection consists chiefly of Mr. Tate’s own pictures, sixty-five in number ; the Chantrey Bequest paintings ; seventeen pictures presented by Mr. G F. Watts ; and a number 01 others from the National Gallery. 418 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Urn, THE COURT OF APPEAL, ROYAL PALACE OF JUSTICE. To see the Justices of Appeal seated on the Bench in this small but stately chamber is to appreciate the full meaning of the expression "the Majesty of the Law ' The Court was formerly constituted by five ex officio Judges—the Lord Chancellor, the Lord Chief Justice of England, the Master of the Rolls, the Lord Chief justice of the Common Pleas, and the Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer ; but on the abolition of the two latter offices it consisted of only the three former ex-officio Judges, and, in addition, so many of the ordinary ludges as her Majesty might appoint Justices of Appeal At present the Court consists of the Lord Chancellor, the Lord Chief Justice, the Master of the Rolls, Lord Herschell, Sir F. H Jeune, Sir A L. Smith, Sir John Rigby, Sir J, W. Chitty, Sir R H. Collins, and Sir R. Vaughan Williams. £,0 fJvtCfiJ * cnjcajoerc i;fry r^/fpAp fll’flii* siiMl From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. A SALVATION ARMY SERVICE. A collection of views of London would not be complete without a representation of some such scene as this. Although the work of the Salvation Army has extended now over every part of the kingdom, and, indeed, of the Empire, as well as to the most distant corners of Europe and the United States, and even to Japan, London has always been the chief centre of its activities. The white helmets of the Salvation soldiers forming part of the procession which has come to a halt in this humble street in the East-end suggest that they have had their experience of foreign service. It cannot be said that the by'-standers in the foreground seem to be greatly impressed by all the fervour that is being displayed, but probably their attention has for the moment been distracted by the operations of our photographer. 420 BROCKWELL PARK. The parish of Camberwell is singularly well provided with institutions calculated to add to the moral and physical well-being of its inhabitants ; it possesses a Fine Art Gallery, a Theatre, a Lecture Hall, an Art Institute for Students, and some five or six Public Libraries, as well as baths and washhouses and various other public establishments. It also has its recreation grounds, the chief of them being Camberwell New Park, or Mvatt’s Fields, and the pleasant grounds at Herne Hill known as Brockwell Park, and measuring some seventy-eight acres. There is also the small oblong open space known as Camberwell Green, where the famous Camberwell fair used to be held until 1855, when it was abolished. N 2 <21 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. THE DONALDSON MUSEUM, ROYAL COLLEGE OF MUSIC. I his most interesting, and, indeed, unique collection of musical instruments, presented to the Royal College of Music by Mr. George Donaldson, who is said to have spent £ 20,000 on its formation, is now located in a spacious and elaborately decorated room on the ground floor of the new College in Prince Consort Road. Among the most notable exhibits may be mentioned a fifteenth-century upright spinet of North Italian make, said to be the oldest in existence ; a clavicembalo dated 1531 ; a seven- t ;enth-century Bible organ ; a pair of ebony and ivory mandolines which belonged to the last Doge of Venice ; the tortoiseshell guitar on which Rizzio played before Mary Queen of Scots ; and a chitarra which belonged to Titian the painter. There are also some MSS of Mozart, Spohr, and other composers. Mr. Donaldson himself is honorary curator of the museum. 422 From Photo by Cassell & Co , Urn. TEACHING BOYS TO SWIM AT THE KENSINGTON PUBLIC BATHS. Thanks to the public-spirited efforts of the London School Swimming Association, some 18,000 London schoolboys and schoolgirls are now being taught to swim, in accordance with a well-thought-out system of instruction, some features of which are illustrated in our picture The Kensington Baths, situate in the Lancaster Road, North Kensington, are among the largest in London ; they include swdmming and private baths for both men and women, and also a public laundry, containing as many as sixty washing compartments, and every convenience for drying, ironing, etc. For the year ended the 25th of March, 1897, the number of bathers of both sexes was close upon 110,000; the number of women using the laundry in the same period was within forty of sixty thousand From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim THE BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIBLE SOCIETY'S HOUSE. Here we have a nearer view of the premises of the British and Foreign Bible Society, included in the more comprehensive illustration of this side of Queen Victoria Street given on p 168. In the ninety-three years that have passed since its foundation in 1804, this society has issued about 150,000,000 copies of the Bible or parts thereof, and the average annual issue amounts to some 4,000,000 copies, in 330 different languages and dialects. The annual income from sales and subscriptions exceeds £230,000 Except on Saturdays and Mondays, visitors are admitted to the library, which contains a unique collection of Bibles. On the staircase is E. M. Ward's lamiliar picture entitled " Luther’s First Study of the Bible,” while the Board Room is adorned with a portrait of the philanthropic Lord Shaftesbury, by Millais. The church on the left is that of St Andrew-by-the-Wardrobe. 424 CHURCHYARD BOTTOM WOOD. The picturesque region known as Churchyard Bottom Wood, to the south of the Muswell Hill Road, together with Highgate Woods on the opposite side of the same thoroughfare, and the Bishop's Wood, between Highgate and Hampstead, once formed part of Hornsey Wood, which, in turn, was originally part of the Forest of Middlesex, and which the lieges of Henry VIII. were warned by proclamation not “ toe hunteor hawkeor kill anie of the said games as they tender his favour, and woulde eschewe the imprisonment of theyre bodies, and further punishment at his majestie s will and pleasure " Efforts are now being made to acquire Churchyard Bottom Wood from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners tor the benefit oi the public, and a considerabl rti n of the purchase money has already been promised by various public bodies N 3 From Photo by H N. K n •, Shepherd’s Bush, W. THE PLEASURE GROUNDS OF BUCKINGHAM PALACE Architecturally, the principal front of Buckingham Palace is that which faces westwards and overlooks these pleasant gardens, a terra incognita to the vast majority of Londoners. They measure some forty-three acres, including the lake—five acres in extent—a bit of which, with its little fleet of pleasure boats and their crews, in their quaint uniforms, is shown in our picture. On a lofty artificial mound, which rises from the margin of the lake, is a picturesque summer-house with a minaret roof. In the centre is an octagonal room, with figures of Midnight and Dawn, and eight lunettes painted in fresco, with scenes from Milton's “ Comus.” The other two rooms are decorated respectively in the Pompeian style, and with romantic designs from the works of Sir Walter Scott. 426 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. THE OLD COUNCIL-ROOM AT THE TREASURY. When the old Treasury Office was burnt down, two centuries ago, the Council, being at a loss to find a suitable place for their deliberations, had to resort to a house in V liite- hall on the west side known as Henry VIII's Cockpit, an address to be found on many of the Treasury letters of that period It was on the site of this building sty led the Cockpit that the present Treasury, of which an exterior view will be found on p 13, was erected, in 1733 The room shown in our picture, occupied now by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, has always been used for the sittings of the Treasury Board. The sovereign was often present on these occasions and at the end of the table may be seen the royal chair 427 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim. THE THAMES, AND THE EAST END OF THE VICTORIA EMBANKMENT In this view, taken from one of the shot towers on the south bank of the Thames, we see the stretch of river between Waterloo and Blackfriars Bridges, with the buildings that line the Embankment. On the right looms the glorious dome of St Paul's, with the two western towers. Then comes the City of London School, with a spire rising from the roof The steamer that is hugging the Embankment is passing the Temple Gardens, where we see a large block of chambers and, on the left, the “ Cockney Gothic ” Library of the Middle Temple. Left of this, again, with a tower rising in the centre, are the offices of the London School Board, and behfnd these is the tower of the Royal Palace of Justice, with the huge square tower of the Record Office just discernible on the right. 42S 1 _ , \ yj" t'7 w\ M I ^1 ' ' to’ i \ : i MM From Photo by Cassell A Co , Lim. THE ROYAL GUN FACTORY, WOOLWICH ARSENAL. The Gun Factory is perhaps the most interesting department of Woolwich Arsenal. Here it was that the famous " Infant " came into being It was built up on what was known as the Coil System, an invention of Mr. R. S. Frazer, then Deputy Assistant Superintendent of the Factor} But new methods in gun-making are constantly being introduced, and both ioo-ton gun and Coil System have been superseded, cannon of smaller calibre, made on quite different principles, being now in favour. An even more interesting feature of the factory, in the eyes of most visitors, than the guns themselves, is the great Nasmyth hammer, first used in May 1874, on the occasion of the visit of the Czar of Russia. It weighs 40 tons, and cost £50,000 to construct. From Photo by Cassell & Co., Urn. PAINTERS' CORNER, ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL. St Paul's has its Painters’ Corner, as Westminster Abbey has its Poets' Corner, though the fame of the former is less wide, and it is less often visited. It is at the east end of the south aisle of the crypt Here, in the recess shown in our picture, is the tomb of Wren—marked by a tablet bearing the epitaph which is repeated o\er the portico of the north transept, Si monumentum requiris, circumspice; and close by lie many famous painters and sculptors, among them Reynolds, Landseer, Lawrence, Benjamin West, Turner (who on his deathbed had expressed a wish to be buried near Sir Joshua), Sir Edgar Boehm, Lord Leighton and Sir John Millais, and many others. The bust on the left of our view is that of Frank H-oll; the figure of a child under a canopy forms part of the monument of Randolph Caldecott. 430 From Photo by Casse/I & Co., Lim. LITTLE STANMORE CHURCH. It was in the church of Little Stanmore or Whitchurch that Handel used to play the organ during the years 1718-21 The instrument, restored in 1877, stands in a gallery behind the altar ; and many hundreds of musical pilgrims make their way to Whitchurch every year to inspect this interesting relic. 1 he church itself has other claims to distinction. The original structure was erected in the reign of Henry VIII., but in 1715 it was almost entirely rebuilt by the princely Duke of C handos, the ownei of Canons, who fitted it up in the style of a royal chapel, and had its walls and ceiling decorated with paintings by Laguerre and Belucci I he 1 Hike lies buried in a chamber approached through the archway on the left. The church is now considered to stand in need of extensive repairs, especially as regards its rook and an effort is being made to raise the sum of ^1,000 to defray the cost of restoration. 43 ' From Photo by Cassell & Co., Lim WANSTEAD PARK Wanstead Park, measuring nearly 200 acres, was opened to the public in August, 1882. It was formed out of the outlying portions of the estate pertaining to Wanstead House, a palatial residence erected towards the end of the eighteenth century by Lord Tylney, son of Sir Josiah Child, the founder of Child's Bank. It passed by marriage about a century later into the hands of that notorious spendthrift the Hon. William Pole Wellesley, afterwards Earl of Mornington, who soon involved the property in ruin. His second wife, whose wealth went some way towards retrieving his fortunes, and who survived him, and lived until 1869, erected at immense cost the elaborate grotto which forms a principal attraction of the public park. The lakes are abundantly plenished with fish, as well as with aquatic fowl. From Photo by Cassell A Co., Lim. BROMPTON ORATORY: THE EXTERIOR. The Italian order of the Priests of the Oratory—or " Oratorians” as they are described colloquially—was founded by St. Philip Neri, and was introduced into England by Cardinal Newman, who established a community at Birmingham in 1847. Two years later, another community was set up in London by Father Faber, the preacher and writer of hymns, and this in 1854 took up its quarters at Brompton, near the site now occupied by the imposing edifice represented in our picture. The facade of this “ Church of the Oratory of St. Philip Neri,” one of the finest examples in London of the Italian Renaissance style of architecture, was completed only in 1896. A view of the interior has already been given (p. 41). 03 From Photo by Cassell & Co., Urn. THE ROYAL UNITED SERVICE INSTITUTION MUSEUM. 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