DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2018 with funding from Duke University Libraries https://archive.org/details/elementsofherald01whit THU CONTAINING AN EXPLANATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF THE SCIENCE ANT) A GLOSSARY OF THE TECHNICAL TERMS EMPLOYED. WITH AN ESSAY UPON THE USE OF COAT-ARMOR IN THE UNITED STATES. WILLIAM II. WIIITMOR E. ©titlj numerous Illustrations. NEW YORK : W. J. W 11) 1) L E T 0 N. BOSTON: LEE AND SHEPARD. 1866 . Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1866, by William H. Whitmore, In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts. CAMBRIDGE : TRESS OF JOHN WILSON AND SON. TABLE OF CONTEXTS. Page Preface . i- ii- Introduction .iii. - vi. PART I. Section 1. The Shield, Crest, Supporters, Mantling, and Motto.9 2. Tinctures described and engraved.12 3. Points of the Shield.14 4. Divisions of the Shield.15 5. Division Lines.18 6. Charges, the Chief, Fesse, &c. ..19 7. Sub-ordinaries, the Canton, &c.23 PART II. A Glossary of Terms and Heraldic Charges, composed of Natural Objects mainly.28 PART III. Section 1. On the Blazon of Arms.54 ,, 2. On marshalling Arms (with Arms and Pedigree of Appleton) .... ,, 3. On the Marks of Cadency 5 i f»l TABLE OF CONTENTS. TART IV. Page On Heraldry in the United States.63 Illustrated by the Arms of Early Colonists.64 Examples from Tombstones.66 Coats-of-Anns of the Governors.69 Herald Painters in New England.71 APPENDIX. A. — The Gore Roll of Arms, used in New England, a.d. 1701-24 79 B. —A List of Heraldic Terms in French and Latin .... 94 Index . 101 PREFAC E. WORD of explanation may be expected on the appearance of the first treatise on Her¬ aldry prepared for the American public. The cause of its publication is this: In January, 1865, the Committee on Heraldry, appointed by the New-England Historic-Genealogical Society, de¬ cided to commence the publication of all the existing specimens of coats-of-arms used here prior to the Revolution. Meeting a sufficient response from those interested in Genealogy, it was soon evident that there was a great want of information on the general subject of Heraldry. It was supposed that this could be supplied by the republication of some one of the numerous manuals or text-books issued in England. On examination it was found that this was impracticable, since the smaller works were badly arranged and full of antiquated errors, while the larger manuals contained an infinite amount of * matter only remotely connected with Heraldry. 1 [i] 11 PREFACE. Under these circumstances there seemed to be but one course open, — to prepare such a compilation as should teach the reader all the essential parts of the science, and should present them within a reasonable compass. Of course, as there were no new principles to be discov¬ ered, the only merit of such a work must lie in the clear¬ ness of its method, and its adaptation to the wants of American readers. The leading authorities have been carefully studied, and, it is believed, have been faithfully reproduced. The compiler hopes that any defects discoverable will be excused, in consideration of the difficulty of perfect accuracy in a pioneer work. Although, some years since, a little book entitled “ A Handbook of Heraldry ” was published by T. W. Gwilt Mapleson, Esq., it was of so trivial a character that this must be regarded as the first attempt to gather out that portion of the description of Heraldry which will be especially useful on this side of the Atlantic. Boston, May 28, 1866. INTRODUCTION. ERALDRY is a science which treats of the classi¬ fication anil description of certain hereditary em¬ blems, and the rules which govern their use. This system can be traced to the beginning of the thirteenth century, and with various modifications has been in use in nearly every European country. In the fol¬ lowing treatise it will be shown, that, by certain easy rules, a system of emblems has been formed, capable of almost infinite expansion, and yet susceptible of easy comprehension. It woidil be useless to speak of the extensive employment formerly made of these devices : the traveller abroad meets the evidences at every step. Aside from the important position which the science holds in Architecture, it has become one of the most influential means of for miner modern society abroad. Although, during the period when these States were English colonies, the use of coats-of-arms was sufficiently common, its total disuse during the present century has led to a complete ignorance of the whole subject here. Within a few years, coats- of-arms have indeed been profusely assumed, but with such a total disregard of all authority as to prove the ignorance even of that part of the community which ought to have been better IV INTRODUCTION. instructed. The ordinary mode of assuming armorial bearings has been a reference to the nearest seal-engraver, who, from some heraldic Encyclopaedia, lias furnished the applicant with the arms of any family of the same name. To strike at the root of this evil, it is necessary to state, in the most explicit manner, that there is no such thing as a coat-of- arms belonging to the bearers of any particular surname. Competent writers have already disabused the public mind of the idea that identity of name argues identity of origin. No one now supposes, that all Browns or Joneses or Smiths or Robin¬ sons trace their descent from one man, the original assumer of the name. Still, it has been much more difficult to convince a Brown, Jones, Smith, or Robinson, that he was not entitled to a coat-of-arms " belonging to his name.” Examination will soon convince us that this idea is totally unfounded. The first assumer or grantee of a coat-of-arms took that as his own distinguishing mark. It became hereditary in his own family; but his namesakes, or even relatives, have no claim to share it with him. It follows, therefore, that whoever uses a coat-of-arms, by that act proclaims his lineal descent from the person who first assumed it. It is useless to attempt any evasion of this fact. However true it may be that even in England the law does not interpose, we ought, in this country, from the vei'y absence of law, to exercise a wise restraint. The sole value or interest of our American coats-of-arms consists in the remembrance of an honorable ancestry. We cannot afford to insult our real progenitors by a false claim to others. Coats-of-arms were frequently used in New England during the Colonial period ; and, though we can speak only of this sec¬ tion from actual knowledge, it is most probable that they were used in the rest of the original thirteen colonies. These arms INTRODUCTION. v are worthy of preseryation, since they are valuable evidence for the genealogist. At the date when they were used, the English rules were in force here. The time since the settlement of the country was not so long as to forbid the acceptance of tradition as evidence. We may believe that those who displayed armorial insignia had good grounds for the adoption. To the general community of readers, however, the following treatise is offered on different grounds. The science itself is one of which no educated person should be entirely ignorant. Many of the terms of heraldry have become familiar expressions; many of the best English authors employ words which are intelligible only to those acquainted with the rudiments at least of this sci¬ ence. Abroad the tourist will find his enjoyment increased by a familiarity with the meaning of these symbols, which adorn every specimen of Gothic architecture. It is not necessary that the details of the system shall be fresh in the memory ; but a general knowledge of the subject can be easily acquired and retained, and will prove most serviceable. The preface has acquainted the reader with the reasons for the form of the jjresent treatise. Those who may wish to pursue the subject in full, and to become familiar with the present state of the science, will find the best authorities in the following list: — Heraldry, Historical and Popular. By the Rev. Charles Boutell. London: Winsor and Newton. Of this hook, three editions have already appeared; the second in 18G3, the last in 18G4. The Curiosities of Heraldry, with Illustrations from Old English Writ¬ ers. By Mark Antony Lower. London : John Russell Smith 1845. The Pursuivant of Arms; or, Heraldry Founded upon Facts. By J. R. Planciie, Rouge Croix. London: Robert Hardwicke. VI INTRODUCTION. A Glossary of Terms used in British Heraldry, with a Chronological Table illustrative of its Rise and Progress. Oxford: John Henry Parker. 1847. The Herald and Genealogist. Edited by Joiin Gougii Nichols, F.S.A. London: J. G. Nichols and R. C. Nichols. This is a magazine of which the first volume appeared in 1863, and which is now published in six parts annually. It is especially inter¬ esting, as the accomplished editor is now contributing a series of essays on “The Origin and Development of Coat-Armor.” ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. PART I. § I- I N attempting to give directions for the proper description of coat-armor, which is technically termed the " blazon of arms,” it will be convenient to divide such representations into five parts ; viz., — 1. The Shield. 2. The Crest. 3. The Supporters. 4. The Helmet and its Mantling, or Lambrequin. 5. The Motto. 1. The shield proper is the object on which the armorial insig¬ nia are displayed. It may be of any form, with this exception, — the lozenge or diamond shape is the only form which females can use, and it is reserved for them. Shield. Lozenge. 10 ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 2. The crest is a common adjunct of the shield, and consists of any object or objects placed above it, and used as a hereditary distinction. It is generally placed upon a wreath or torse made of twisted ribands, of the two principal tinctures of the shield ; but sometimes the crest surmounts a chapeau, or cap of dignity, in the place of the wreath. Sometimes, also, the crest rises out of a coronet, the forms of which are hereafter described in the Glossary. Some of the earliest crests were merely coronets surmounted by feathers : the name for them is "panache.” We place below examples of these. Wreath. Cap of Dignity. Panache. As an illustration of crests, we give the following 1 , showing O O 7 o the wide variety of objects used : — Crests are not invariably found with shields of arms, and, in fact, are much less distinctive. Many families use the same crest; and the more common forms are demi-animals, arms bent, and hands holding swords, &c. The crest is often used alone on seals, and in other ways ; but it is especially to be remem¬ bered, that no lady has a right to use a crest: sovereign prin¬ cesses are the only exceptions. 3. The supporters which are sometimes placed on each side of the shield, consisting of men or animals, are, in English Her- ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 11 Arms of Earl of Bcllomont. Its aldry, almost the exclusive privilege of peers and members of certain orders of Knighthood. A few families exercise a prescriptive right to them ; but hardly an instance will prob¬ ably occur in this country. They are more common in Scottish and Continen- tal Heraldry. An example is here given in the arms of John, Earl of Bellomont, Governor of Massachusetts and of New York. 4. The helmet is a well-known object, use is entirely optional, and it should never be mentioned in a blazon of arms. Its place is between the shield and crest, resting upon the former. Many different forms are given, cor¬ responding with the rank of the wearer ; but it is sufficient to say that it is borne by esquires, in profile, with the visor closed and turned to the dexter side of the shield. The mantling, or lambrequin, is a small mantle attached to the helmet, and serving as a background in paintings of arms. It is generally represented as made of crimson vel¬ vet, or silk lined with ermine ; and very often it is cut or torn, giving the whole an irregular form. The ar¬ rangement is entirely at the discretion of the artist: often on seals scroll- Mantling, work is placed around the shield. In the above example, we have the shield placed upon the mantle, and surmounted by the helmet and wreath, there being no crest shown. 5. The motto, or cri cle guerre, is a word or sentence upon a scroll, generally placed below the shield ; but sometimes, es¬ pecially in Scotland, above it. It should never be inscribed upon a garter or circle ; nor should it accompany the arms of any woman, except the sovereign. Probably the earliest form 12 ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. of motto was the rallying cry of the leader; but after coats-of- arms ceased to be used simply in war, a fashion arose of these individual mottoes or sentiments. Generally, they are expressed in Latin. They are not usually confined to a single family, and may be used or varied at the fancy of any individual. Some few, either allusive or historical, are in reality hereditary and dis¬ tinctive. § 2. Tinctures. The shield, and all divisions of it, and charges placed thereon, are represented as made of metal or fur, or as painted in colors. These are all included in the general term of " tinctures,” and are named and depicted as follows. First, the two Metals: — Gold, termed in heraldry or, I’epresented in engraving by dots. ,, a blank. vy Argent. Secondly, the jive Colors: — Blue, termed azure, represented by horizontal lines. Bed, ,, gules, ,, ,, perpendicular lines. Black, ,, sable, ,, ,, cross lines. Green, ,, vert, ,, ,, diagonal lines. Purple, ,, purpure, ,, ,, ,, ,, t [Note. — Tenne and sanguine, or orange and dark red, are mentioned in trea¬ tises on tliis subject as two additional colors; but they so rarely occur that no description is here given.] Silver, argent, ,, ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 13 Vert. Purpure. The custom is gaining favor, of calling or gold ; and it is to be commended, inasmuch as this word or is not seldom used in blazon in its ordinary sense. Third, the two Furs and their Variations: — 1. Ermine, which consists of a white field with black spots. The variations are er¬ mines, being white spots on a black ground; erminites, differing from ermine by the addi¬ tion of a red hair on each side the black; erminois, a golden field with black spots ; pean, a black field with golden spots. 2. Vair, a parti-colored fur of blue and silver (unless other colors are specified), in Ermine. 14 ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. which the pieces are cut in the form of a shield, and placed in rows alternating the position in each. Its variation is counter¬ vail-, in which each row has its shield placed directly under those of the same color in the row above; and corresponding to these are potent and counter-potent, in which the pieces of fur are crutch-shaped, instead of shield- shaped. It is believed to be an accidental form of vair consists of a metal and a color. it Counter-vair. Potent. Counter-potent. § 3. Of the Points of the Shield. The shield, for convenience in description, is considered as having the following points : — And it is to be remembered, that the shield is considered in its position to the bearer of it. Thus, the dexter or right-hand side is to the left of the observer, and the sinister or left-hand side is on his right. ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 15 There are three chief points in the upper part of the shield, three base points at the bottom, and three points in the centre portion, arranged perpendicularly. The arrangement is shown by the above illustration, wherein — 1 . is called the dexter chief point. 2 . 5 9 5 9 ,, middle chief point. 3. 5 9 9 5 ,, sinister chief point. 4. 5 5 5 9 ,, honor, or collar point. 5. 5 9 9 5 ,, fesse point. 6 . 9 9 9 9 ,, nombril, or navel point. 7. 9 5 9 9 ,, dexter base point. 8 . 9 9 9 9 ,, middle base point. 9. 5 5 9 5 ,, sinister base point. § 4. Of the Divisions of tiie Shield The shield may be divided by lines in various ways, and painted of two tinctures. At the same time, certain simple charges placed upon the shield present a similar series of coats ; and it seems well to point out the distinction. We may per¬ haps adopt the following rule : — The shield is considered as divided whenever the two tinctures occupy equal portions of the field. Whenever one tincture pre¬ ponderates, it is considered to be the tincture of the shield; and the other tincture is of the charge. There is but one exception ; viz., party per chevron; and this will be considered at the end of this section. Of the divisions, we have simple and compound forms. The simple forms arc defined either by one or two lines on the field, and are,— 1. Per pale, made by a perpendicular line. 2. Per fess, made by a horizontal line. 3. Per bend, made by a diagonal line. 4. Per bend sinister, made by a diagonal line. 5. Quarterly, made by the first two lines intersecting. 6. Per saltire, made by the last two lines intersecting. 7. Per chevron, the exception noted above. 16 ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. Per Chevron. From a repetition of these forms, hut preserving an equal division of the two tinctures of the field, we have the compound forms; viz.,— 8. Paly, a reduplication of per pale. 9. Barry, a reduplication of per fesse. 10. Bendy, a reduplication of per bend ; and its reverse, from the bend sinister. * The Flanches seem to be an accidental variation of this division ; especially as, in French, party per saltire is termed “flanque'.” Still, occupying less than one-lialf the field, they will he described among the charges. ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY, 17 11. Chequy, or cheeky, a reduplication of quarterly. 12. Lozengy, a reduplication of per saltire. 13. Gryronny, a compound of quarterly and per saltire; usu¬ ally consisting of eight pieces, but sometimes of more, formed by more lines, all intersecting at the fess point. 14. Paly-bendy, formed from the pale and bend. 15. Barry-bendy, formed from the bar and bend. 10. Chevronny, formed from the chevron. Paly-bendy. Barry-bendy. Chevronny. The field may be often sprinkled with small figures, previous to receiving the ordinaries or large charges put upon it. These originated in differencing a coat already formed. In early times it was termed " geratty” (f.e., ingerated), but now usually called 18 ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. "serafje,” as semdc of trefoils, cinquefoils, escallops, &c. When semee of crosslets, it was anciently termed "crusillybut now the particular form of crosslet is described. Semee of billets is termed "billety;” semee of drops, " guttee ; ” of fleur-de-lys, " semee-de-lys.” nh Hh ih \ 4 * j Crusilly. Of the exception to the rule, we have to notice that in No. 7, party per chevron, one tincture occupies less than one-half of the shield. Herein English Heraldry differs from French, it being, in the latter, assimilated to the pile. Under the head of "Chevron,” we shall consider other peculiarities of this arrange¬ ment of lines. § 5. Division Lines. It is to be noted, that, though these division lines are to be represented as straight, unless otherwise described, they may be of the following forms : — which is a little larger vari- 1. Wavy : 2. Indented: 'VVVVVVV'W 3. Dancett6 : ety of indented. 4. Engrailed 5. Invected : 6. Embattled : 7. Raguly : 8. Dovetailed: ZX2XZSZYIXZ 9. Nebuly: The same lines are frequently applied to the margin of the principal ordinaries. ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 19 § 6. Charges. Having considered the shield, its tinctures and divisions, we now proceed to the objects placed thereon, which are termed " charges.” The simplest charges correspond in name and posi¬ tion with the divisions of the shield, but are represented as placed upon the shield. It would be useless to speculate upon which form, the division or the charge, first received its name. These simple charges are termed "ordinaries,” and are,— 1. The chief, occupying the upper third of the shield. 2. The fesse,* occupying the centre third horizontally. 3. The pale, occupying the centre third perpendicularly. 4. The bend, occupying one-third of the shield diagonally. 5. The bend sinister, f occupying one-third of the shield di¬ agonally. 6. The cross, being the fesse and pale conjoined, usually oc¬ cupying one-fifth of the field ; but, when charged, one-third. 7. The saltire, composed of the bend and bend-sinister. 8. The chevron, which resembles the lower half of the saltire, with the upper lines brought to a point. * It will be noticed that the shield is divided horizontally into three parts, of which the upper and middle sections have names. The lower or base lias no specific term; but, in French, it is termeu “la champagne,” and its use was re¬ vived by Napoleon I. for the arms granted during his reign. t The bend-sinister is, in French, termed “ la barre,” and was usually the mark of bastardy. Hence the phrase of “a bar sinister,” which has no connection with the English charge of the name. In English Heraldry, illegitimacy is generally denoted by a baton, or bend-sinister couped at both ends. 20 ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 1. The chief has the fillet, very probably never used. 2. The pale has the pallet one-half, and the endorse one- quarter its size. A pale between two endorses is termed " a pale endorsed.” 3. The fesse has no diminutive, unless it be the bar, but is often put between two bendlets, and is then termed " a fesse cotised.” 4. The bend has the cotise, one-quarter of its size ; and, when between two, it is termed "a bend cotised.” However, when two bends are used, they are of half the usual size, and are termed "bendlets.” Fesse Cotised. ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 21 5. The chevron has the chevronel, one-half, and the couple- close one-quarter Its size. Couple-closes are always borne in pairs : when they are placed on each side of a chevron, it is termed a "chevron cotised.” 6. The bar is used as a diminutive of the fesse, probably, and may be placed anywhere except absolutely in chief or in base. Two small bars or barrulets used together are termed " bars gemelles.” Under the head of "Ordinaries” may also pile, the roundles, and the Handles. The pile is a wedge-shaped figure, ordina¬ rily issuing from the upper portion of the shield, and occupying one-third of the field. Usually it docs not quite touch the edge with its point: it may, however, be drawn from any portion of the shield, and occupy more than one-third.* be considered the * In French, however, “ la pile ” is the charge when pointing towards the base ; and “ la pointe ” is the charge reversed, and issuing from the base. By a farther distinction in these two cases, the “pile ’’and the “pointe” occupy only two- thirds of the side from which they spring. When the point occupies the whole, it is termed “ chape; ” and, when the “ pile ” is of this size, it is termed “ cliausse.” From the sides, it is termed “embrasse;” and, lastly, when the “point” occu¬ pies only one-quarter, it is termed “ mantele'.” In all these the idea is, that the smaller tincture is the shield, which is covered over by some wrapper. It will he noticed that “ mantele ” is the same as “ party per chevron; ” and it would cer¬ tainly seem well, whenever the terms of heraldry are revised, for our English authorities to adopt the French term, especially as some of the older heralds used the term “a point.” The general term “pile” seems to be, on the other hand, a better and simpler designation than the French. 22 ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. Mantelc. The roundles are circular figures. Formerly, all of these were described by their tinctures, like other charges; but, of late, the fashion is to give them the following names. If of— Gold, bezants. Ai'gent, plates. Azure, hurts. Sable, pellets or ogresses. Vert, pommes. Gules, torteaux. The fountain is tinctured horizontally with wavy lines, alter¬ nately argent and azure. The Ranches are curved figures issuing from each side of the shield, and were probably often accidental variations from per saltire. Roundles. ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 23 The flasques are doubtless the same; but voiders are very diminutive flanches, never charged, and rarely used. [Note. — We have here to consider one or two simple charges which theo¬ retically ought to occur, but yet do not. Of these the first is the quarter, occu¬ pying one-fourtli of the shield. Anciently, it was used in the dexter chief; as its diminutive, the canton, still is. Similarly, the other three-fourths of the shield might be used, each as a distinct charge. Again, as the chevron is used, though very rarely, in all four of the possible divisions of a saltire quartered, we might expect that the cross would be similarly divided, and furnish four charges. It must be acknowledged, however, that nearly all the writers on heraldry derive the saltire from a leaping-bar, and the chevron from the rafters of a house. Nisbet (Heraldry, Edinburgh, 1722) considers the saltire as formed from the bends, and the chevron as derived from the lower portions of the bends, “ meeting and ending pyramidically in the collar point.” Whoever holds, with us, that the divisions of the shield were based upon a natural system of straight lines, will be satisfied with Nisbet’s opinion and authority.] § 7. Sub-Okdinaries. Under this head may be classed certain charges of frequent occurrence, which are figures peculiar to heraldry. The number of charges to be considered has been varied by almost every writer; but the following list comprises those which have no synonyms in ordinary language : — 1. The canton, a square placed in the dexter chief, and occu¬ pying about one-ninth of the shield. 2. The inescutchcon, a small shield borne as a charge. It must not be confounded with the shield of pretence, which is a variety of marshalling. The badge of a baronet is a familiar form of the inescuteheon. 3. The bordure, a border extending around the shield, and one-fifth of its width. It is often charged. •24 ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 4. The orle is an internal bordure, of the form of the shield, but not touching: the edge as this latter does. O O 5. The tressure is a diminutive orle, borne invariably double, fleury-counter-fleury, as in the arms of Scotland. 6. The lozenge, a familiar shape, from which come, — Lozenge. 7. The mascle, a lozenge in outline or skeleton. 8. The rustre, a lozenge with a round aperture in the centre. 9. The fusil, an elongated lozenge. 10. The fret, composed of the saltire and mascle. 11. The billet, a rectangular oblong. 12. The label, a riband with short pendants. Fret. Lillet. Label. ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 25 13. The annulet, a ring or roundle pierced. 14. The crescent. 15. The fleur-de-lys, a purely heraldic device, which may be derived either from a spear-head or a lily. 16. The mullet, or five-pointed star. 17. The estoille or star, heraldic in its shape. 18. 19, 20. The trefoil, quatrefoil, and cinquefoil, composed respectively of three, four, and five leaves, but of a conventional form. Estoille. Trefoil. Quatrefoil. 4 26 ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 21. The martlet, a small bird. 22. The escallop or shell. Martlet. Escallop. This list embraces, it is believed, all the strictly heraldic figures and divisions usually found. The next chapter will be devoted to an explanation of the terms used by heralds in describing various natural objects used as charges, and representations of the ordinary mode of depicting such objects, as well as their heraldic names. Thus, a lion or a tiger is not to be drawn from a careful study of the actual animal. A certain conventional type has been adopted, which experience proves to be best adapted to give the desired effect to armorial delineations. Much is left to the taste of the artist; but still he is confined within certain bounds. One remark of the accomplished Planche is worthy of notice : " The number of beasts borne in ancient English coats is not great. In Glover’s Roll (temp. lien. III.), you will find named but three, — the lion, the leopard, and the boar.” In regard to birds, the eagle has the same prominence. Hence the reader will find, that the annexed glossary contains much that will rarely be required. Having carefully studied the names of the tinctures, of the divisions of the shield, and the usual charges, he will require chiefly to learn the distinctive terms em¬ ployed in describing the position and details of a few well-known charges of frequent occurrence. We may instance the lion, eagle, stag, and various fishes. The mode of distinguishing these particulars will be pointed out in a subsequent chapter on Blazoning Arms. ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 27 In the following Glossary, the compiler has chiefly been em¬ ployed in making extracts from a most valuable Glossary of Heraldry written by Henry Gough, Esq., and published by John Henry Parker, of Oxford, in 1847. In most instances, the definitions of the author have been literally followed, since they were so well expressed that alteration would have been an injury. Still, to secure completeness, the list has been compared with those furnished by other authors, and some few articles re-written in the light of recent investigations and decisions. It is hoped that all the information needed in ordinary cases will be supplied by this list; but the few who desire a thorough knowl¬ edge of the subject are referred to the extensive works of Lower, Planch^, and Boutell, and to the continued productions of John Gough Nichols, Esq., editor of the "Herald and Genealogist.” The antiquary will, of course, turn back to the fanciful books of the past two centuries. 28 ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. PART IT. GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND HERALDIC CHARGES COMPOSED OF NATURAL OBJECTS MAINLY. A. A, in heraldic memoranda, is employed to denote argent. In like manner, B is used for blue or azure. Abased : a term used when the ordinary is placed lower than its usual position. Abatements : these are marks of disgrace placed on the shield of an offender against law. The older treatises are very full of these distinctions; but they are manifestly fanciful, and never actually employed. Accosted : placed side by side. Addorsed, or Endorsed : said of two animals placed back to back. Adumbrated : said of a charge depicted with a shadow of the color of the shield. It is rare. Affronte : facing the spectator; or, as applied to two ani¬ mals facing each other. Allerion : an eagle displayed without beal c or feet, the point of the wing downward. Ancient : a small flag ending in a point. Antelope : The conventional type is here given ; but it is allowable to represent the animal in its natural form. Apaume : said of a hand open, showing Antelope, the palm. This, however, is the ordinary mode of displaying the hand, unless expressly termed "dorsed.” ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 29 Arched : embowed, or bent. Arm : the human arm is often used as a crest or as a charge. It should he described as " dexter,” or " sinister ; ” also, in regard to position, as " embowed,” or " counter-embowed ; ” and as "naked,” "vested,” or "vambraced,” according to its covering. When couped at the elbow, it is termed a " cubit- arm.” Armed : whenever any beast of prey has teeth and claws, or any beast of chase (except stags, &c.) has horns and hoof, or any bird of prey has beak and talons, of a tincture different from his body, he is said to be armed of such a tincture. When the term is applied to arrows, it refers to their heads. When a man is said to be armed at all ])oints, it signifies that he is entirely covered with armor, except his face. Arriere : the back. Volant en arriere is the term proper for a bird or insect flying from the spectator upward. Arrondie : made circular or round. Arrow' : the ordinary position of an arrow is in pale with the point downward; but it is w 7 ell to mention this, — when several arrows are used, the bundle is called a sheaf. Three arrows —two in saltire and one in pale, point downward — are the arms of Lowell. Arrows are armed of their point, and feathered of the color of their feathers. At Gaze : a term applied to stags, &c., represented as stand¬ ing with the face toward the spectator. Attire : clothing ; also the horns of a stag. Augmentation : an additional charge granted to a person, by his sovereign, as a special mark of honor. B. B, in trickings of arms, means blue or azure. Badge, or Cognizance: a distinctive emblem adopted by many families ; not worn on the helmet like a crest, but used in various modes where a crest is now employed. It was embroid¬ ered on the sleeves of servants and followers, and carved or painted in buildings, &c. 30 ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. Barnacle : Horse-barnacle, or Pair of Barnacles, an instrument used by farriers to curb unruly beasts. Usually it is figured as in the cut. Baron and Femme : husband and wife, terms often used in describing impalements. Baronet's Badge (argent a sinister hand, erect, open, and couped at the wrist gules) : This is borne, by all baronets, on a canton, or on an inescutcheon placed on the middle chief-point, or the fess-point, so as least to interfere with the charges on the shield. Barwise : horizontally arranged in two or more rows. Basilisk : see Monsters. Bnrnaclo. Baronet's Badge. Basnet, or Basinet : a plain circular hel¬ met. Baton : a diminutive of the bend-sinister, couped at each end. It is tlie sign of illegiti¬ macy. Baudrick : the sword-belt. Beauseant : the banner of the Knights Templars. It was an oblong flag, per fesse, sable, and argent, one of the longer sides being fastened to the staff. Bend debruised, removed, or downset, a form of this ordinary thus represented. It rarely occurs. Bezante : semee of bezants, or gold roun- dles. Bordures are often so charged, but the pi'csent mode is rather to give the number of roundles. Bird-bolt : an arrow with one or more blunt heads, used in shootinc' birds. Bend Debruised. Blemished : a sword with the point broken off is said to be blemished or rebated. Bolting : said of a hare or rabbit springing forward. ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 31 Braced : interlaced, as the three chevronels are in the cut. Breathing : this word, applied to the stag, is equivalent to at gaze. Bugle-horn, or Hanchet : this is gener¬ ally painted with its cords, and with the larger end towards the dexter side. Chevronels Braced. C. Cabossed : applied to the head of any beast except a leopard, when borne full faced, no part of the neck being visible. Caltrap : an iron instrument made with spikes, placed on the ground, so that one was always erect. Bugle-horn. Careering : a term applied to a horse in a position which would be called salient if a beast of prey were spoken of. Cartouche : an oval escutcheon used by popes and other Italian ecclesiastics. Casque : a helmet. Castle : usually a tower alone, or two towers with a gate between them. Chaplet : a garland of leaves with four flowers amongst them at equal distances. Chess-rook : a common bearing, often confounded with a castle. Cloue : nailed. Cockatrice : see Monsters. College of Arms : * the English College of Arms was in- o o * In Scotland the Lyon Office, and in Ireland the Office of arms occupy the same position as the College of Arms. Each has one King of Arms, Lord Lyon and Ulster. The English College of Arms has for its head the Earl Marshal of England, an office held by the Duke of Norfolk, and hereditary in his family. Anciently, the Earl Marshal had the power to compel all persons falsely assuming arms to renounce and remove such arms. For the purpose of record¬ ing the true eoats-of-arms, visitations were made every few years to the different 32 ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. corporated by King Richard III. in 1483. In 1622 the officers, whose number and titles had varied from time to time, were fixed as follows : — Kings-cit-arms, Garter, Clareneeux, Norroy. Heralds, Lancaster, Somerset, Richmond, Windsor, York, Chester. Pursuivants, Rouge-Croix, Blue-Mantle, Portcullis, Rouge- Drae;on. Combatant : said of two lions rampant face to face. Contourne : turned to the sinister. Comet, or Blazing-star : an estoile of six points with a tail extending from it in bend. Compartment : a term peculiar to Scottish Heraldry, being a panel placed below the shield. It usually bears the motto, and the supporters stand upon it. Com PONE, or Gobone : said of an ordinary, composed of small squares of two tinctures alternately in one row. If there be two rows, it is called " counter-eompony ; ” if three, "checquy.” Confronts : said of two animals facing each other. Conjoined : joined together. Coote : a water-fowl so called. Corbie : a raven. Corded : bound with cords. Cordon, or Cordiliere : a silver cord which sometimes encircles the arms of widows. Cornish Chough : a bird with a black body and red beak and legs. Coronet : different forms are used in England to denote the counties; and the gentry were invited to have their claims verified and recorded. The lists then made, technically termed “visitations,” are preserved at the Col¬ lege, and constitute the highest authority for the use of arms. This power of the Earl Marshal has fallen into disuse; though in Scotland the authority of the Lord Lyon, King of Arms, is still invoked to prevent any flagrant and conspicu¬ ous breach of his laws. “ The present duty of Heralds,” according to Boutell, “ comprises Grants of Arms; the Tracing and Drawing-up of Genealogies; the Recording Arms and Genealogies in the registers of the Heralds’ College; recording the Creation and Succession of Peers and others, with all similar matters, including the Direc¬ tion of Royal Pageants and Ceremonials.” ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 33 rank of the wearer. A crest often rises out of what is improperly termed a "ducal coronet.” The modern term for it is a "crest coronet.” Couchant : said of beasts lying down, but with the head erect. Couched : a chevron issuing from the side is said to be couched. Counter-changed : applied to charges Chevron Couched, upon a field composed of a color and a metal in a primary divi¬ sion. The charges on each side of the division line are of the tincture of the field on the other side. Counter-couchant : the precise meaning of this term de¬ pends upon the rest of the description. Thus : two lions accost¬ ed counter-couchant means that they lie side by side, with their heads in contrary directions. Again : two lions counter-couch¬ ant in pale denotes that one occupies the upper part of the shield and the other the lower; one facing the dexter, the other the sinister. One lion counter-couchant always faces the sinister. CourED : cut off in a straight line, a term especially used in regard to heads and limbs of animals. Ordinaries are sometimes said to be couped, but more often they are termed "lmmette.” Courant : running a full speed. Cousu : sewed to. Sometimes a chief or canton is of the same denomination as the field ; and this term is used to avoid the rule, that color shall not be placed on color, or metal on metal. Coward, Cowed or Coue: said of a beast havin'; his tail bangin'; between his legs, and o O O O 7 usually bent over his back. Cramp, or Crampoon : a piece of iron bent at each end ; they are generally borne in pairs. cmmpoon. Crampet, Chape , or lioteroU: the metal termination of a scabbard. Crenelle : the same as embattled. See Division Lines. Crescent : a half-moon, with the horns uppermost. When the horns are turned to the dexter side of the shield, it is an "Increscent;” when turned to the sinister, a "Decrescent.” 34 ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. Crevice : the dcrevisse, or crawfish. Crined : said of the hair or mane when of a different tincture from the body of the man or animal. Cross : the plainest form has been already given as an ordi¬ nary. This form, with many of the following, may be drawn with all the lines of division, as engrailed, raguly, &c. ; and also cooped, voided, parted, &c. The following list comprises the forms commonly used in English Heraldry : — Cross Avellane : so called from its resemblance to filberts (■nuces avellance ). Cross-crosslet : with each composed of a cross. (It is often fitche or sharpened at the bottom.) Cross-crosslet. Cross Avellane. Cross-crosslet crossed. Cross-crosslet crossed, or four cross-crosslets conjoined. Cross crossed : like the cross-crosslet, with the ends ex¬ tended to the side of the shield. Cross DEGRADED and CONJOINED : a plain cross, having its extremities placed upon steps joined to the sides of the shield. Cross patee, or FORM EE : with curved sides and straight ends. Cross potent : terminating in potents or crutches. In this example, it is between four crosslets. Cross degraded and conjoined. Cross pat£e, or formce. Cross potent. ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 35 Cross bourdonee, or pomel : terminating in four round knots. Cross bottonnee : with a triple button at each end. Cross pointed, or urdee : with the ends pointed and sides straight. Cross bourdonnee, or pomel. Cross bottonn4e. Cross pointed, or urdec. Cross cleciiee : similar, but with curved sides. Cross moline : with ends formed of two curved leaves. Cross patonce : terminating in three leaves. Cross fleury : differing from the patonce, as the sides are straight. Cross Moline. Cross Fleury. Cross fourchee, and Cross miller : variations ot the cross moline, probably. Cross Maltese : or of eight points. Crons Miller. O ob ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. Cross of four ermine spots. Cross Tau, or of St. Anthony. Cross Patriarchal : with two horizontal bars. Cross Patriarchal. Cross Calvary : a plain cross raised upon three steps. Cross voided : when the outline only is left, the cross is said to be " voided.” Cross raguly : with sides regularly notched. Crown : generally in blazon. This means a ducal coronet without the cap, and showing only three leaves. An animal crowned is always so depicted, unless otherwise stipulated. Cup : there are several kinds of cups used in heraldry. The usual form is a plain open cup ; but the Butlers bear a covered cup. Cushions : usually represented as a square, with tassels at each corner. ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 37 D. Debruised : ordinarily said of an animal having a charge placed over it, and over part of the field. Decrescent : a half-moon whose horns are turned to the sinister, — the ^reverse of increscent. Degraded : placed upon steps, as in the case of a cross. Demi : half. When said of animals, the upper part is always meant; when of inanimate objects, usually the dexter part per pale. Diaper : a term applied to the field of shields and charges when decorated with damask or arabesque work not intended to be part of the tincture. A familiar exam¬ ple would be arms painted on metal, but chased also with a graver. Bouton gives some beautiful examples, and recommends a revival of the fashion, as a highly ornamental adjunct to the use of coat-armor in decora¬ tion . Dimidiation: a division in halves. Shields were thus literally joined before the mode of Ea g ic displayed, impaling was adopted. Disclosed : said of a bird with the wings O open, but pointing downward. Displayed : expanded. Used chiefly in reference to the eagle, which is commonly thus represented. Dolphin : a well-known fish, usually re¬ presented as embowed or bent. Dragon : see Monsters. Dolphin Embowed. 38 ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. E. Eel-spear : a fork used for taking eels. Embowed : bent, as the arm at the elbow. Hence we have bowed counter embowed, said of two objects bent in op¬ posite ways and facing each other; and bowed embowed, or doubly bent like a letter S. Embreed : objects bloody or with drops of blood falling from them are termed " ein- brued.” Emerasses, or Ailettes : small escutcheons affixed to the shoulders of an armed knight. Ex filed : a sword is said to be entiled with any object which it is represented as having pierced. Enhanced : said of a chevron or other ordinary borne higher than its usual place. Ensign ED: a shield surmounted by a crown, coronet, or mitre, is said to be en¬ sign ed with it. Eradicated : said of a tree torn up by the roots. Erased : having a torn edge. Applied chiefly to the heads and limbs of animals. Escarbuncle, Escarboncle, or Car¬ buncle: a peculiarly heraldic device.— Though sometimes said to represent the gem carbuncle, Planclffi has rendered it evident that it is derived from the centre boss placed at the interlacing point of trans- I i . Escarbuncle, Escarboncle, or verse bars used to strengthen the shield. carbuncle. ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 39 F. Femme : used heraldically for wife, as baron is for husband. Fer-de-mouline, or Mill-rind : said to be the iron which upholds a mill-stone. The essential point of it seems to be, that it shall be a saltire, pierced in the centre; but the forms are innumerable. Fesse-wise : said of objects borne hori¬ zontally in the middle of the field. Fetterlock : a form of lock similar to a. handcuff or letter D, in which the curved ““e^Mm-rina. part is hinged on one end of the straight part, and fastens at the other end. Fimbriated : said of a charge having a narrow edging of O o O O another tincture all round it. Herein it is held to differ from edged, a term used when the edging is only on the part towards the field. Fish : when not otherwise specified, a conventional form is used. Flexed : the same as embowed. Fracted : broken. Frazier, or Fraze : in French, a straw¬ berry plant, — probably always represented by a cinquefoil. Fructed : bearing fruit. Fumant : emitting smoke. Fusilly : charges formed with fusils are thus termed. Fylfot, or Gammadion : a charge of un¬ known origin. It has been termed " the mark of Thor’s hammer,” and it has also been proved to be a sacred emblem in India. It is very rarely used as a charge. a Fylfot, or Gammadion. 40 ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. G. Gakbe : a wheat sheaf; when of any other grain, it must be specified, as a "garbe of oats.” When the stalks are of one tinc¬ ture and the ears of another, the terra eared is used of the latter. Gardant : said of an animal with the face turned toward the spectator. See Lion. Garnished : ornamented. Gauntlet : a mailed glove, respectively termed "sinister” and "dexter.” Ged : a fish also known as the lucy, or pike. Genet : an animal resembling a fox, but smaller ; and usually depicted as gray, spotted with black. Geratty : an old term for semee. Gore : a charge formed of two curved lines. It may be on either side of the shield. Gorged : collared. When used alone, a plain collar is meant; but animals are often gorged with a coronet. Gray : a badger. Garbe. Gore. Gurges. Grice : a young wild boar. Griffin : see Monsters. Gurges : a whirlpool; figured as in the margin. Gusset : a charge, probably fanciful, formed of two straight lines. It may be on either side, or two may be used in a pair. Gusset. ELEMENTS OE HERALDRY. 41 IT. Habited : clothed. Hammers are of various shapes. Haurient : breathing; a term applied to a fish in an erect position. II awk’s Bell : a little circular bell used on hawks Hawk’s lure : a decoy used in falconry. Head : the human head occurs on many shields and crests, and the kind intended should be specified in the blazon. Heart : the human heart is represented in the ordinary conventional mode. Heightened : see Enhanced. Herrison : the French term for hedge¬ hog-. IIirondelle : the swallow. IIumetty : couped ; said of ordinaries only. Hydra : see Monsters. I. Ibex : probably the same as the antelope in tricking arms. Incensed : said of wild beasts represented with fire issuing from their mouths and ears. Increscent : a half moon with the horns turned to the dexter side of the shield. Issuant : said of a charge rising from the bottom line of a field or chief, or the upper line of a fesse, or from a coronet. It differs from " Naissant,” which see. fi 42 ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. J. Jambe, or Gambe : the leg of a beast. If couped or erased at the middle joint, it is a paw. Jeelobed : said of the comb and gills of a cock or cockatrice, when of a different tinc¬ ture from his body. Jessant : springing forth. Probably this is used chiefly in the phrase following. Jessant-de-ly s : said of a leopard’s head, pierced by fleur-de-lys. Jesses : thongs, by which bells are fast¬ ened to the legs of falcons. Jessant-de-lys. Knots of various kinds are used, some with specific names, as Harrington’s, Stafford’s, Lacy’s, &c. Lamb : Holy or Paschal; represented with a nimbus round the head, and as bear¬ ing a flag. o o Langued : said of animals having the tongue of a color different from the body. Usually, it is proper, or gules. Lattised : a pattern similar to fretty, but placed crossways. It is often cloud, or shown as nailed at each crossing. It is also termed " Treble.” Holy Lamb. ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 43 Leopard’s head. Leopard : always borne gardant or full- faced, as opposed to the lion usually borne with the face in profile. Modern heraldry has abolished this distinction, and represents the leopard with his spots. A leopard’s head should show the neck erased ; and a leopard’s face, the head turned to the specta¬ tor, without the neck. Letters of the alphabet occur in some shields. Lever : the cormorant. Lily, or Lys of the Field : the usual style of lily. ‘ Lion : usually depicted in the heraldic style, with tufts of hair on bis body, &c. The usual forms of the charge are, — 1. Ramjiant. 2. Passant. 3. Gardant. 4. Rampant-regardant. 5. Passant-gardant. fi. Passant-regardant. Kainpant-regurdunt. Passant-gardant. Passant-regardant. 44 ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 7. Couchant. 8. Coward. 9. Sejant rampant. Couchant. 10. Statanf. 11. Salient. Coward. Sejant rampant. Statant. Salient. Lions may be also conjoined, or Incorpo¬ rated, or incorporated ; but these are proba¬ bly rare forms. A Demi-lion shows the tail ; differing, thus, from a lion’s head couped. He may also be Dismembered, or De- chausst}, when divided by cuts, but the por¬ tions left in place so as to show the outline. Lions are often represented with two tails, or " queue fourchde.” Lioncels : several lions in one coat are sometimes thus termed ; but the distinction is perhaps fanciful. Lizard, or Lezard : an animal resem¬ bling a wildcat, with brown fur, and spots of a darker shade. Dcchaussc. ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 45 The reptile lizard also occurs, and is properly vert. Lodged : couchant; especially applied to stags, &c. Lucy : a fish now known as the pike. Lure : two wings joined with their tips downward are said to be conjoined in lure. The reference is to the hatch's hire, already explained. Lutra, Loutre, or Louterel : the otter. Lympiiad, or Galley" : an ancient ship with one mast, and rowed with oars, which are usually repre¬ sented. M. Majesty, In iiis : said of an eagle crowned and holding: a sceptre. The idea is like that of a pelican in its piety, or a peacock in his pride. Marcassin : a young wild boar; distinguished from an old one by having his tail hanging down instead of twisted. Martel : a kind of hammer. Masoned : said of a field or charge divided by lines resem¬ bling masonry. Match : a coil anciently used for the purpose of discharging- firearms. Maunch, or Manch : an ancient sleeve, used quite often in coats-of-arms ; two forms are here given. ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 4 6 Membred : said of the legs of birds when of a different tincture from the body. Merchants’ Marks. Very often wealthy merchants, not entitled to arms, bore on a shield a device. Often this device consisted of a figure resembling the numeral 4, turned back, with the addition of initials variously arranged. Seals made in this style are very often found. Mermaid : see Monsters. Morion : a steel cap worn by foot-sol¬ diers. Morse : a term for a sea-lion. Mound Royal : an orb surmounted by a cross, usually pattee. Mounting : rampant. Musion : an old heraldic term for a cat. Monsters: Lower’s "Curiosities of Heraldry,” p. 91, gives the following list of heraldic monsters : — Allerion. Montegre. Chimera. Opinicus. Cockatrice. Pegasus. Dragon. Sagittary. Griffin. Satyr. Harpy. Sphinx. Lion-Dragon. Unicorn. Lion-Poisson. Winged Bull. Martlet. Winged Lion Mermaid. Wyvern. Of these, the Allerion and Martlet are elsewhere described. The Sagittary is the Centaur of antiquity, half man and half horse. The Mermaid and the Unicorn are too well known to require description. The Chimera, Harpy, Sphinx, and Satyr are also of the antique type. The Montegre. or Man- tyger, had the body of a tiger, the head of an old man, and the horns of an ox. The monsters peculiarly heraldic, there¬ fore, seem to be the — ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 47 Cockatrice Dragon. Griffin. Wyvern. Cockatrice. Dragon. Griffin. Wyvern. Which are best understood by the engraved examples. The Opinicus is very similar to the Griffin, but has four legs and a short tail. Naiant : swimming horizontally. Naissant : said of a charge springing from the middle of an ordinary. Herein it differs from "Issuant.” Nowed : twisted, or knotted. Nowy implies a round projection in the middle of a cross or other ordinary. It may however be nowy-lozengv, nowy-maseuly, or nowy-quadrate, as it is lozenge, or mascle- shaped, or square. Naissant. 48 ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. o. Opinicus : see Monsters. Over ael, or Surtout : said of a charge placed over sev¬ eral other charges. Overt : open ; applied to the wings of birds. Owls are always depicted as full-faced. P. Pall : a figure of the shape of the upper half of a saltire, joined to the lower half of a pale, or of the letter Y. It is commonly held to represent an ecclesiastical vestment; but French authors hold it to be simply a combination of the halves of the bend, bend sinister, and pale. Pascuant, or Paissant : feeding ; applied only to cattle and sheep. Pattee : spreading. Paw : see Jambe. Pea-rise : a pea-stalk with flowers and leaves. Peel : a baker’s shovel. Pelican : a bird always represented with wings endorsed, and as vwjminrj or wounding herself. When feeding her young in the nest, she is termed in her piety. Piieon : a spear-head ; the point is always downward, unless otherwise described. Pikenix : see Monsters. Pierced : said of any charge which is perforated so that the field is there seen. Pheon. ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 40 Also it is said of a charge passing through another, as a chevron pierced with a bend. Pine-apple : by this term the pine cone was meant; but in modern times the true fruit has been sometimes depicted where the blazon meant the cone. Planta GENISTA : the broom-plant; well known as the badge of the Plantagenct Kings of England. Pometty : said of a cross or escarbuncle having a circular projection in the middle of each arm. Popinjay : a parrot, depicted as vert, beaked and membered gules. Portcullis : a frame of wood, strengthened and spiked with iron, used for the defence of the gate of a castle. Posed : placed. Potent : the old name for a crutch ; whence the name of a cross ending in this shape, and also that of the fur described in our first part. Pouncing : said of a falcon seizing his prey. Ppr : the abbreviation of proper ; the term for objects repre¬ sented of their common form and color. Preying upon : devouring. Pride, In his : said of a peacock affronte, with his tail expanded. Primrose : a term sometimes applied to the quatrefoil. Purfled : ornamented. Pyot : a magpie. Q. Quadrate : square. Quadrature, In, means that four charges are placed at the corners of an imaginary square. 50 ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. Quarterly quartered : said of a sal¬ tire thus divided. Queued : tailed. A lion with two tails is said to be double-queued. Quilled : said of the porcupine, or of a feather in which the quill is of a different tincture from the rest. Quise, or CuiSSE, A la: said of the leg of a bird torn off at the thigh. R. Radiant, or Rayonne : edged with rays Raguly : said of an ordinary, having pieces couped project¬ ing from it in a slanting direction. An instance will be seen in the Cross Raguly. Raven : the bird usually so called. It is also called in her¬ aldry a Corbie. Rebated : having the points cut off. Regardant : said of animals having the head turned back. Reindeer : distinguished from the stag by double attires, one pair erect, the other pendent. Removed signifies that an ordinary has fallen from its usual place. The reversed of Enhanced. Renverse : said of any thing with its head placed opposite to the usual way. Rere-mouse : the bat; always borne displayed. Rest, Sufflue, or Clarion : a heraldic fmure of unknown or min. D © Reversed : turned upside down. Rising : preparing for flight; said of a bird with wings opened. Rompu : broken. Rook : the bird so called; sometimes improperly used for a Chess-Rook. Quarterly quartered. Rest, Sufflue, or Clarion. ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 51 Pose : this flower should never he drawn with a stalk, un¬ less so described. The color should also be specified. s. Sacre, or Saker : a species of falcon. Its head is gray, the back dark-brown, and the legs light-blue. Saggitary : see Monsters. Salient : said of a beast represented as springing on its prey. Counter-salient is said of two leaping in different ways, that facing the dexter being generally above the other. Sanglant : bloody, embrued. Sanglier : a wild boar. Sans : without. Scrip, Pilgrim’s : a pouch, or wallet. Sea-mew: the sea-gull, or curlew. Sea-pye : a maritime bird of a dark-brown color, with a white breast. Seax : a broad, curved sword, with a semicircular notch on the back of the blade. Seeded : shown its seeds, as in a rose. Segreant : having the wings expanded; applied to the Griffin. Sejant, or Assis : seated. See an example under "Lion.” Shack-bolt : a manacle, or handcuff. Sheldrake : a sea-fowl nearly resembling a duck. Shoveller : a species of duck ; distinguished by two small tufts of feathers, one at the back of the head, the other on the breast. Skeen, or Skene : a dagger. Slipped : having a stalk; used in describing trefoils and flowers. Soleil : the sun; used especially in the phrase, "a rose en soleil,” or "a rose surrounded with rays.” Springing : beasts of chase in the position in which wild beasts are called salient arc said to be springing. 52 ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. Statant : standing with all the feet touching the ground. A stag, however, in this position, is called "at gaze.” Sun : the sun is usually borne in his glory or splendor, i.e., with a human face, and rays alternately straight and wavy. Surmounted : said of a charge placed over another of a different tincture, and preserving its form. Sykes : fountains. T. Talbot : a hunting-dog ; distinguished by the form of his ears. Targe, or Target : a shield. Teeg i ant : having the back turned to the spectator. Throughout : extending; to the sides of the shield. TierceE : divided into three equal parts; said of a shield. Timber, or Tymbre : a crest. Toison : the fleece of a sheep. Torqued : wreathed. Treflee : adorned with Trefoils. Trippant : equivalent to passant, and applied to beasts of chase. Trivet : a frame of iron with three feet. Truncated, or Trunked : couped. Trussed : said of birds otherwise termed " close.” Tygee : the heraldic tiger is thus de¬ picted. Tyrwiiitt : the lapwing. Talbot. ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 53 Unguled : having hoofs. Unicorn : see Monsters. Urinant: diving; said of fish with the head downwards. V. Yambraced : said of an arm covered with armor. Voided : having the middle removed so that the shield is seen between the two parts. Volant : flying bend-ways towards the dexter. Vorant : devouring. Vulned: wounded and bleeding. When arrow) remains in the wound, the animal is said to be transfixed. w. Water-BOUGET : a yoke with two leather pouches appended, used to carry water. There are many forms. w attled : said of the gills of the cock and cockatrice. Wheel : usually of eight spokes. The Kathcrine-wheel is armed with teeth. Wolf : the animal is thus figured. Wreathed : said of ordinaries repre¬ sented as twisted, or formed like a rope. Wyvern : see Monsters. the weapon (as an Wolf. 54 ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. PART III. 1 i. ON THE BLAZON OF ARMS. By the term " blazon ” is meant " the verbal description of a coat-of-arms, so precise as to enable the reader to depict the escutcheon correctly, without other assistance.” The rules universally adopted in such descriptions of arms are as follows : — 1. The field is first to be described, whether of one tincture or two. If of two, the form of division is to be mentioned, as per pale, per fesse, or barry, &c. ; and also the division¬ line as engrailed, wavy, &c. 2. If semee, with small charges, these must be mentioned; as also if the field be fretty. 3. The principal ordinary (except the chief) is next to be named. If there be none, the principal charge, being the one nearest the fesse-point, or centre of the shield ; and this must be fully described, i.e ., all peculiarities of form, tincture, or position. 4. The remaining charges placed on the field are to be de¬ scribed ; the centre charge being described as "between,” or "surrounded by,” or "within” them. Their place must also be described, unless there are three placed, two in chief and one in base, which is regarded as the usual mode. Six of a kind are arranged, unless otherwise mentioned, three, two, ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 55 and one. In the same way, a greater number, as ten or fifteen, are so placed as to preserve the pyramidical shape. When a bend is between six charges of a kind, the upper three are placed two and one, and the lower three in a line following the curve of the shield. 5. Next, the charges on the principal charge are to be given. 6. The bordure with the charges thereon are to be men¬ tioned. 7. The canton, or chief, with all charges thereon, are to be given. 8. Lastly, the differences, or marks of cadency, and the baronet’s badge, are enumerated. The crest, supporters, and motto are to be separately bla¬ zoned after the shield. In blazon, repetition should be avoided : the name of a tinc¬ ture should not be repeated, but instead should be used the phrase, "of the first,” "second,” or "third,” &c., as the case may be; the numeral referring to the place of the tincture in the blazon. When two or more consecutive portions of the blazon are of the same tincture, it may be mentioned only after the last. Thus, a chevron gules between three crescents gules would be blazoned, "a chevron between three crescents gules.” So also when the number of objects in different parts of the blazon is the same, the phrase "as many” is to be employed; for example, a chevron between three crescents, and in chief three crosses, would be rendered "a chevron between three crescents, and in chief as many crosses.” The learner need not be discouraged, should his description at first be too diffuse. So long as he can describe all the por¬ tions of the coat, giving such particulars as will enable another to depict it perfectly, he may be sure that he has acquired the essential part of the science. As examples of the mode of blazon, we give the follow- 56 ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. Thatcher. 1. Wheelwright: Ermine, on a fesse gold between three wolf’s heads erased (sable?), as many roundles gules. Crest, a wolf’s head erased. [It will be noticed that the tincture of the wolf’s heads is not marked by the engraver.] 2. Steel: Argent, a bend counter-compony, ermine, and (sable) between two lion’s heads erased (gules) ; on a chief (azure), three billets (of the third). Crest, a lion’s head erased (gules). 3. Prince: Gules, a saltire gold, surmounted of a cross engrailed ermine. Crest: out of a ducal coronet gold, a cubit arm, habited gules, cuffed ermine, holding in the hand proper three pine-apples of the fii’st, stalked and leaved vert. 4. Thatcher : Gules, a cross moline argent; on a chief gold, three grasshoppers proper. Crest, a sword erect, point down¬ wards. It has already been said, that it is a cardinal rule in English heraldry, that metal must not be placed on metal, nor color ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 57 upon color, though either of them can be used over or under fur. This sweeping rule requires, no doubt, some modification. Thus it cannot apply to charges placed " over all ; ” as, for example, in the following coat, " argent a cross gules, over all a bend azure.” So also where the field is of two tinctures, a metal and a color, the charge must, in most cases, be one or the other ; as " barry of twelve gold and azure, an eagle displayed gules.” The rule is not so strict in Continental heraldry; but in English the only cases in which a simple charge is placed on a plain shield of the same class of tincture are the few in which it is done for the purpose of attracting attention. Thus the arms of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, established by the Cru¬ saders, wei'e, "argent, a cross potent between four plain crosses gold.” If 2. ON MARSHALLING ARMS. The foregoing rules apply to each shield considered by itself; but we frequently find two or more coats arranged together upon a large shield. When two coats are placed thus side by side, they are always intended to represent the coats of a hus¬ band and wife; the former occupying the dexter, the latter the sinister, half of the shield. This is termed "impaling.” As an example, we give the arms of Bulkley impaling Chetvvode. Here we have Bulkley, " argent, a chevron between three bull’s heads cabossed, sable,” impaling Chetvvode " quarterly, argent and gules, four cros¬ ses pattee counterchanged.” Every armiger has the right thus to use his wife’s family arms, even after her death : in case of a second mar¬ riage, however, it is customary to cease 58 ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. the use of the first wife’s arms. A wife, or a widow while remaining such, has the right to use the impaled coat, but in a lozenge. A maid bears her paternal coat in a lozenge. Impaling, as we have said, is of universal application ; but a different mode is used in one particular case. If the wife be an heiress, heraldically ( i.e ., if she had no brother, or he be deceased childless), the husband, instead of impaling her arms, places them upon a small shield covering the centre point of his own shield, which is termed an " escutcheon of pretence.” An example will be found in die arms of the Earl of Bello- mont ( ante , p. 3), who thus bore the arms of his wife, Cath¬ erine, daughter and heir of - Nanfan, of Bridgemorton, county of Worcester. It is to be noted, that though the different sons ought to use some mark of cadency, as hereafter explained, (see p. 62) the daughters do not; but are considered as equally heiresses, and their husbands have all an equal right to bear the arms on an escutcheon of pretence. The other mode in which two coats are combined on one shield is termed " quartering.” Ordinarily, an armiger has no right to use his mother's arms ; that is, in case she had a brother to continue the family name, the arms descending exclu¬ sively in the male line of the posterity of the original recipient, so long as it continues. The children of an heiress, however, inasmuch as they become the representatives in blood of the last owner of the arms in their branch, have a right to use their mother’s arms in a certain mode. Th is method is termed " quartering; ” and the arms of the mother are placed in the second and third quarters of a shield, the first and fourth being occupied by the paternal arms. In the following example, we have Moseley quartering another coat; viz., first and fourth, Moseley, "sable, a chevron between three mill- picks argent: ” second and third, gold a fesse ( — ?) between three eagles displayed sable. Moseley. ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 59 This is the simplest form of quartering, and refers to one marriage only. It will be readily seen, that an armiger thus entitled to a quartered coat might marry an heiress, and his children would have another coat to add to their shield. In this case, it is usual to place the paternal coat in the first and fourth quarters, and the two coats acquired by marriage in the second and third respectively. Our illustration represents a quart¬ ered coat impaling a simple coat; being Pownall quartering Browne, and im¬ paling Churchill. It will be perceived, that there is hardly any limit to the number of coats which may thus be inherited by an armiger. As an heiress inherits a quartered coat and transmits it to her children, by a series of such marriages an immense number of shields are brought to¬ gether for arrangement. In this case, the shield is divided into the requisite number of spaces by horizontal and perpendicular lines, and in the first quarter are placed the paternal arms, next the arms acquired by the earliest match, and so on ; observing that the divisions are numbered from the first quarter, towards the sinister on the chief, and so downward in successive rows, counting from the dexter side. When many quarterings belong to an armiger, the whole are only used for special purposes ; but any of them may be selected for use. lie has probably no right to drop his own arms, and use one of the quarterings alone, as there are gen¬ erally many other heirs equally entitled to use them. As an example of impalements, we will take the arms of Samuel Appleton, who emigrated from Little Waldingfield, county of Suffolk, to New England in 1G35, and was the pro¬ genitor of a well-known family here. 60 ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. This shield contains twelve quartering, or separate coats-of- arras. As before stated, the first shield occupies the dexter chief, and is that of Appleton. Argent, a fesse sable between three apples gules, leaves and stalk vert. The full list is as follows : — 1. Appleton. 5. Boteler. 9. Condy. 2. Crane. 6. Mountney. 10. Tuke. 3. Mollington. 7. Sexton. 11. Hawte. 4. Carbonel. 8. Isaack. 12. Wheathill ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 61 We will next explain the cause of the order in which they appear. The pedigree stands thus : — Tho mas Apulton == Margaret, dau. and heir of Robert Crane (No. 2). Robert Appilton = Mary, dau. and heir of Thomas Mountney (No. 6). I ' William A. = Rose, dau. and heir of Robert Sexton (No. 7). Thomas = Mary, dau. and heir of Edward Isaaek (No. 8). Samuel A. = Mary Everard. 4th son. We here see that the first marriage with Crane hronuht one quartering, No. 2 : but she was entitled to quarter Nos. 3, 4, and 5 ; and these, therefore, follow her own paternal coat. Then we have Nos. G, 7, and 8, brought in by successive mar¬ riages : but the Isaacs, No. 8, had the right to quarter four other coats, which are here represented consecutively as Nos. 9, 10, 11, and 12. It will be noticed that it is usual to make the shield in such form as to contain just the number of impalements ; but, if necessary, the first coat may be repeated for the last. Thus, in this example, had it happened that there were but eleven coats to quarter, the shield might have been narrowed so as to afford room for but three coats in the base, or lower row, or the Appleton coat might have been repeated as the twelfth coat. [Note. — Though we do not find it expressly stated, it is probable that crests do not pass with the coats that are quartered. The reason would seem to be, that, as no female can use a crest, she does not inherit one, and consequently her children are debarred from such use.| IF 3. C A D E N C Y. Lastly, we have to consider what are termed " the marks of cadency,” being certain additions 'to the shield to denote the genealogical status of the bearer of a coat. 62 ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. The heralds of the seventeenth century, a period when the science was at its lowest point, adopted the following scheme. The sons of an armiger were to use the paternal arms, but to place in chief the following charges : — The first son, a label; the second, a crescent; the third, a mullet; the fourth, a martlet; the fifth, an annulet; the sixth, a fieur-de-lys ; the seventh, a rose ; the eighth, a cross moline ; the ninth, a double quatrefoil. In the next generation, the badge was to be charged with a new one for each son, in the same order. Thus the sixth son of the second son would have a crescent charged with a fieur- de-lys. This system was to be continued ad infinitum, but it was too preposterous. It still holds its place nominally in text¬ books, but is probably never used. Boutell, however, has pointed out, that the early practice of differencing arms deserves careful study, as thereby shields apparently widely different are reduced to one origin. One mode was by changing the tinctures ; another, by introducing some subordinate charge ; a third, by introducing a simple ordi¬ nary, as a bend, canton, bordure, or chevron. Our present duty being, however, to treat of existing arms, it may be suffi¬ cient to say, that, in a blazon of arms, Rule 8 refers usually only to a single charge used as a mark of cadency or difference ; and the figures most frequently found are the crescent, mullet, martlet, fieur- de-lys, and annulet. Their usual place is in the dexter chief; or, in a quart¬ ered shield, on the fesse-point. An example is given in the crescent in the Wainwright arms, which, when fully blazoned, are "argent, on a chevron azure, a lion rampant between two fieur-de-lys of the field, all within a bordure engrailed sable, a crescent for difference.” ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 63 PART IV. HERALDRY IN AMERICA. Although the science of heraldry has become obsolete here, it is evident that our English ancestors brought with them the tastes and distinctions of their time and country. In all the colonies we find evidences of social distinctions, and especially of the use of those armorial insignia which are the least invidi¬ ous indications of rank. Although in this chapter our examples will be mainly drawn from New England, this arises from the greater familiarity of the writer with this section of the country. It is undeniable that similar records are to be found in the Middle and Southern colonics ; and, by peculiar circumstances, these latter have been supposed even to afford more exam¬ ples. This is undoubtedly an error; but the fact that heraldry was understood and practised throughout all our country is a suffi¬ cient reason for us to investigate the rules of that use. In New England, we find a certain number of the first settlers brought with them their seals of arms, which were in common use by them. We will give the following examples from those in the first or second generation : — Among the governors and magistrates, we find the seals of Winthrop, Bellingham, Dudley, Bradstreet, Haynes, Leete, Leverett, Coggeshall, Temple, Curwen, Lloyd, and Snelling. 64 ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. Bellingham. These were all undeniably engraved in England, and are as follows. The reader will note that the colors are not usually marked in the engraving : — Winthrop : argent, three chevrons crenele gules, over all a lion rampant sable, armed and langued azure. Crest, a hare proper, run¬ ning on a mound vert. The Winthrops were from Suffolk. Bellingham : sable, three bugle-horns ar¬ gent. This seal bears the arms of the Lincoln¬ shire family, and was used, in 1650, by Samuel, son of Governor Richard Bellingham ; which lat¬ ter had been Recorder of Boston, county of Lincoln. Dudley : - a lion rampant -, a cres¬ cent for difference. This seal is copied from the will of Governor Thomas Dudley, in 1654. Notwithstanding much labor has been expended in England in the attempt to trace the pedigree of this Thomas Dudley, no satisfactory result has been attained. We give the seal as one portion of the evidence. Bradstreet : -, on a fesse - three crescents-; in base a hound passant. Crest, a dexter arm vain braced embowed, the hand grasping a sword. These arms are on the seal of Governor Simon Bradstreet, who was born at Horbling, county of Lincoln, in 1603, where his father, Simon, was the minister. Haynes : argent, three crescents barry un- dee, azure and gules. Crest, a stork rising, proper. Governor John Haynes was of Cop- ford Hall, Lexden Hundred, county of Essex, and was son of John Hayes of Old-holt, in the same hundred. The Governor’s descend¬ ants held the estate in 1768. Leete : argent, a fesse gules, between two rolls of matches sable, kindled proper. Crest, ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. three tridents erect. This is from the se:d of Governor William Leete, who had been a Register in the Bishop’s Court, at Cambridge. Leverett : argent, a chevron between three leverets running, sable. Copied from the seal of Governor John Leverett, son of Thomas Leverett, alderman of Boston, co. Lincoln ; in which county the family is of great antiquity. It is probable that the Governor was knighted by Charles II. Coggeshall : argent, a cross between four escallops sable. From the seal of John Cog¬ geshall, of Rhode Island, first president un¬ der the patent, 1047-48, secretary, &c. The family was long seated in Essex, England. Temple : argent, two bars sable, each charged with three martlets gold. Crest on a ducal coronet, a martlet gold. This seal was used by Sir Thomas Temple, a baronet of Nova Scotia, long resident in Boston, and much concerned in colonial affairs. lie was of the family of the present Temples, baron¬ ets, the Viscount Palmerston, &c. Curwen : argent, a fret -, a chief -; a crescent for difference. This seal belonged to George Curwen, of Salem ; and the ring thus inscribed is represented on his portrait, taken about 1675. Lloyd : -a lion rampant-. These arms are on the seal of James Lloyd, 1684. lie is said to have come hither from Bristol, and enjoyed a large estate on Long Islan 1. Smelling : gules, three griffin’s heads erased argent; a chief indented ermine : a mullet for difference. This seal is from the will of Dr. William Snelling, dated in 1674. lie describes himself as the youngest son of 9 65 Llovd. 66 ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. the late Thomas Snelling, of Chaddlewood, co. Devon, at which place the family had been seated for several generations. These examples have been taken from the first generation of settlers here. It would be easy to extend the list greatly, but it is deemed unnecessary to do so. We find many more examples in the second and third generations of those born here ; and, until we are sure that there was a resident engraver capable of cutting such seals, it is probably fair to conclude that these seals were heirlooms, brought by the emigrants. It does not follow, because the first generation did not leave an example of such - use, that the seals were not existing here. Personal feeling, or any imaginable accident, might have prevented such use on the documents remaining; and there is good reason to think, that, among the more rigid church-members, such a use was conscientiously avoided. Another class of examples is to be found in our older grave¬ yards. From the remaining specimens we select the follow¬ ing : — William Poole, of Dorchester, who died in 1674. His sister was Elizabeth Poole, the founder of Taunton, Mass., and, as Winthrop says, of good family. William Browne, of Salem, who died in 1687. He is said to have been the son of Francis Browne, of Brandon, county of Suffolk, who was the grandson of Simon Browne, of Browne Hall , co. Lane. Snelling 1 . ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 67 John Leverett, of Cambridge, who died in 1724, and was the grandson of the Governor already cited. His tombstone terms him "armiger.” James Richards, of Hartford, who died in 1680. He was an Assistant; and of his daughters, one married Governor Gor¬ don Saltonstall, and another married Sir John Davie, hart. Leverett. Richards. Major Thomas Savage, of Boston, died in 1682. Besides this use of the arms, we find that Thomas Savage used them on his seal, as did his son and grandson. William Stoughton, of Dorchester, died in 1701. The tombstone of Governor Stoughton terms him " armiger,” and the seal on his will bears the same arms. They were also used by some of his relatives here. (38 ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. Francis Wainwrigiit, of Ipswich, who died in 1711. He was the son of Francis Wainwright, who came from Chelms¬ ford, England, and died here in 1(592. From a seal on a deed dated 1728, we learn that the crest of the family was a lion rampant, holding a halbert upright. John Fowle, of Charlestown, who died in 1711. He was the son of George Fowle, of the same place, and was born probably in England, about 1037. Wainwright. Gershom Bulkeley, of Weth¬ ersfield, Conn., who died in 1713, ao-ed 77. lie was the son of Rev. O Peter Bulkeley, of Concord, Mass., by his second wife, Grace, daughter of Sir Richard Chetwode. Peter was born at Odell, county of Bed¬ ford, in 1583 ; and was the son of Rev. Edward Bulkeley, D.D., the incumbent of that place, son of Thomas Bulkeley, of Worcester, co. Salop, descended from a family settled at Bulclogh, co. Chester. Martyn, of'Boston. These arms are on a tomb, inscribed simply with the name of Martyn ; but we find them on the seal of Michael Bulkeley. ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. (ill Martyn, in 1700, who was the only son of Richard Martyn, of Portsmouth, N.H. To these examples, we will add a few taken from the privy seals of the governors of the colony, and used by them upon commissions and similar papers. The seal of Sir Edmund Androsse bears a quartered coat. First and fourth : argent, on a chevron gules between three leopard’s faces sable, as many castles triple-towered gold. Second and third : gnles, a saltire gold, sur¬ mounted of another vert; on a chief azure, three mullets, sable. Crest, a falcon affront- ant, wings expanded proper, belted gold. Sir Edmund Androsse. Supporters : dexter, a unicorn argent, tail cowarded ; sinister, a greyhound argent, collared gules, garnished gold. Governor Joseph Dudley bore a lion rampant, queue four- chee ; but we do not find the tinctures. Lieutenant-governor William Dummer, grandson of Richard Duinmer, of Bishopstoke, Hants, bore azure, three fleurs-de- Ivs gold ; on a chief of the second, a demi-lion of the first. Crest, a demi-lion azure, holding in the dexter paw a Heur-de- lys gold. Governor Joseph Dudley. Lieutenant-governor William Dummer. Governor Jonathan Belcher used on his seal the following 70 ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. coat: Paly of six gold and gules, a chief' vaire. Crest, a greyhound’s head cooped ermine, collared azure. Governor Jonathan Belcher. Lastly, we may here insert the arms of the Downings, Pepperrells, and Davies, all of which families were raised to the rank of baronets, as these engravings will show the manner in which the "baronet’s badge” is introduced in the arms. Fepperrell. Downing. We have thus briefly indicated the principal sources of in¬ formation in regard to the legitimate coat-armor of New-Eng- land families, and have given examples which will show the style of the oldest remaining examples. We have now to deal with a less agreeable portion of our task, and to point out the characteristics of the handiwork of various artists, who, during the past century, supplied our ancestors with fictitious and unfounded eoats-of-arms. ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 71 So widely was this taste for drawings of arms disseminated, that, even at the present day, nearly every family of the old New-England stock possesses one or more examples ; and they have often proved a serious detriment to the genealogist, by leading him to pursue a wrong line of investigation in England. One of these herald painters who flourished in Boston prior to the Revolution was Thomas Johnson, who was born in 1708, and who died in 17G7. He was an engraver, and issued several pages of music to be used with Tate and Brady’s Psalms. His inventory also specifies a Book of Heraldry, valued at forty- eight shillings, from which he doubtless occasionally derived his inspiration. Herewith is inserted a copy of one of his heraldic paintings, which is signed by him, and which shows that he was capable of making a very creditable picture. In this particular instance, as his employer was something of an antiquary, it is most probable that the description of the arms was furnished him. The six coats here represented are those of Lynde, Newdigate, Digby, Browne, Cunven, and Smith. I'he escutcheon belonged to Benjamin Lynde, jr., of Salem, and is dated 1740. They are not, strictly speaking, quarterings to which lie was entitled, but show alliances from which he was ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. descended. Thus Enoch Lvnde married Elizabeth Dig'by ; their son Simon married Hannah Newdigate; whose son, Benjamin Lvnde, married Mary Browne, and had Benjamin Lvnde, jr. Mai'y Browne was daughter of William Browne and Hannah Curwen, and grand-daughter of William Browne and Sarah Smith. Our second illustration is from a book-plate of John Franklin, brother of the famous Benjamin Franklin, and is the produc¬ tion of James Turner. Of this artist we have found only that he engraved a series of psalm-music, and that in 1752 he lived at Marblehead, Mass. There is as yet no way of testing the weight to be attached to his productions. Probably, at even an earlier date than 1740, some of the skilful goldsmiths of the town may have painted for their employers copies of those shields which they were so often desired to chase on silver plate. There are still remaining many examples of such engraved silver ; and the similarity in the form of the shields and the style of ornamentation render it probable that some of the oldest paintings had this origin. One of the best of our Colonial engravers, and one who is ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 73 known to have been engaged on heraldic subjects, was Nathaniel Hurd. lie was born in 1729, and his family had been gold¬ smiths for one or two generations. He died in 1777, aged 48, and had probably been the most prominent engraver from 1750 until his death. Quite a number of book-plates bearing coats- of-arms, engraved by him, remain ; and in some cases, at least, the families had a good right to display these in¬ signia. We give here one or two examples of these, because his pecu¬ liar form of shield is easily recognized, as well as the delicacy of his work. 74 ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. Next to these we place the two following cuts, which are probably the work of Hurd, or of his contemporaries. Whitmore. ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 7 5 The first shield is Oliver quartering Fitch and impaling Lynde. It was borne by Andrew Oliver, jr., who married Mary Lynde, in 1752. The other, the Whitmore coat, is worth a few remarks, on account of some peculiar circumstances con¬ nected with it. One of the most famous works on Heraldry, is "Gwillim’s Display of Heraldrie,” of which editions were published in 1611, 1632, 1638, 1660, 1679, and 1724. This might well be the standard authority of our Boston artists, and undoubtedly was in the present case. In the edition of 1660, on page 314, among the examples there given of the fretty coats, is the shield of Sir George Whitmore, Lord Mayor of London, with a mullet charged with a crescent as the differ¬ ence for the second brother of the third house. In the second part, page 114, among the arms of the Knights of the Bath, is the shield of Sir Thomas Whitmore, of the same family ; and the wood-cut bears a mullet for difference, though the text says he bears a crescent. It seems quite clear, then, that the artist copied the wood-cut in the volume; and, as there was no crest in the original, he supplied the deficiency, as also two quasi-supporters. There is reason to think that some of Hurd’s book-plates were copied from the same volume; at all events, they coincide with the exactness of a literal transcript. As the result of our examination of the engravings of the artists enumerated above, it may be said, that their authority is not sufficient, when otherwise unsubstantiated, to warrant us in considering the arms as proved. We consider the English seals as primd-facie evidence of a right to use arms ; and we regard the Cole arms, to be soon described, as utterly worthless : the examples here described seem to occupy an intermediate position. It should be said, also, that there yet remain other evidences in the shape of embroideries and paintings by amateurs. These, of course, are of the nature of family traditions ; but, when they possess any considerable antiquity, they become quite valu¬ able witnesses. We have lastly to speak of arms totally devoid of authority. It seems that one John Coles, of Boston, probably as early as 1 776, undertook to supply all inquirers with their family arms ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 76 at a moderate cost. Ilis name as "Heraldry painter” is in the "Boston Directory ” for 1800, and continues as late as 1813, possibly a little later. From 1806, for some twenty years we also find the name of John Coles, jr., a miniature and portrait painter. It is asserted, on good authority, that the son was engaged in the same trade ; and we have seen numerous paint¬ ings bearing a general resemblance, but apparently the work of two individuals. We here place examples of each artist: — ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. 77 It is probable that the first and more finished painting was the work of John Coles, sen., as the examples are earlier than those in the second style. These spurious paintings are easily recognized by the form of the shield, the mantlings, and palm- branches. They are widely scattered throughout New England, and are of course entirely worthless. The possessor has not always the slight satisfaction of owning a blazon of arms used by a namesake, as these artists not only patriotically granted the American flag for a crest in repeated instances, but they invented entire coats. Thus the engraving here given is a cojyy of an existing painting; but the arms are not recorded in any book on heraldry as used by any one of the name of Whitmore. Lastly, in New York and Boston, and probably in other cities, seal-engravers and painters have produced innumerable coats-of-arms, all devoid of authority so far as the artists were concerned. In this country, the entire neglect of the study of heraldry may serve as a slight excuse for these assumptions : if it be any satisfaction to know that others are guilty, it is certain* that in England the same unwarranted appropriations are constantly made. It is impossible to close this section without expressing the hope that a great improvement in the use of armorial bearings will occur here. The absence of any authority competent to devise and assign new coats reduces the study of the science here to a historical investigation. Heraldry here becomes the assistant of the genealogist; and, so soon as our local historians become familiar with the signification of heraldic devices, we may expect a great addition to our knowledge of the use of arms here. With this increase of familiarity with the science, we may also expect a more scrupulous attention to its laws, and a decrease of the ridiculous assumptions which have thrown an undeserved stigma upon American heraldry. APPENDIX. A. THE GORE ROLL OF ARMS. It lias become evident to those who have tried to recover the heraldic evidences remaining in New England, that seals, monu¬ mental inscriptions, and paintings, are almost the only sources of information. In Europe, in addition to all these, the inves¬ tigator has the advantage of consulting the collections of many generations of heralds, forming voluminous records, wherein are depicted or described thousands of shields. In this country, we rarely find any verbal description of family arms in letters or other family documents ; and hardly a single collection of a number of coats can be cited. One manuscript, however, of quite considerable antiquity, recording the bearings of numerous families in New England, was in existence recently, and is doubtless still preserved. This document is printed in full in the " Heraldic Journal ” (Boston, 1865), and has been styled the "Gore Roll of Arms.” It was preserved in the family of Samuel Gore, brother of the late Governor Christopher Gore, and is said to have belonged to their father, John Gore. This .John Gore, and his son Samuel, were carriage-painters in Boston in 1767, and pre¬ sumably earlier. The family had been settled here for several generations. With this manuscript was inherited an English heraldic manuscript, entitled "Promptuarium Armorum,” by \\ illiam Smith, Rouge-Dragon, dated in 1602-1615, contain¬ ing many hundred trickings of arms, which may, or may not, 80 APPENDIX. have been used as a reference by the Gores. The most proba¬ ble explanation of this Gore collection is that it was the note¬ book of some painter who furnished hatchments or banners for the funerals of the persons mentioned; since such were used at that time, and the dates affixed to many of these shields coincide with the death of the bearers. At present it is impos¬ sible to trace the possession of the book beyond John Gore, born in 1718. The original manuscript has disappeared within a few years ; but it is here described from an accurate copy made by Isaac Child, Esq., a gentleman well versed in the rules of heraldry, and an accomplished draughtsman. It has been deemed unnecessary to copy those shields which belong to foreigners ; and the list comprises, therefore, only New-England coats-of-arms. The earliest coat recorded is dated in 1701, the latest in 1724: nearly all of them are con¬ firmed bv other evidences. GORE’S LIST. 1. Dean Winthrop of Pulling Point, co. Suffolk, 1701. Argent, three chevrons gules, over all a lion rampant sable. Crest, on a mount vert,'a hare courant ppr. [Note. — Deane was the sixth son of Governor John Winthrop, of Mas¬ sachusetts, and died in 1704.] 2. Richard Midcot, of Boston, Esq., co. Suffolk. One of His Majesty’s Council of the Province of Mass., 1702. Azure, an eagle displayed argent; on a chief gules, three escal¬ lops gold. Crest, a demi-eagle displayed, holding in the beak an escallop. [Note. — Richard Middlecott came from Warminster, co. Wilts, and died in 1704. Burice gives these arms to a Lincolnshire family.] ?>. Anna, wife of Peter Sargent, Esq., of Boston, 1702. Sar¬ gent and Shrimptou. The shield is Sargent (see No. 24) impaling argent, on a cross sable, five escallops of the field. Crest, a demi-liou azure, holding in his paws an escallop. APPENDIX. 81 4. John Jay (or Joy), of Medford, co. Middlesex, 1702. Argent, a chevron azure, on a chief of the second three mart¬ lets of the field. Crest, a cormorant’s head. 5. John Legg, of Boston, Esq., co. Suffolk. Sable, a buck’s head cabossed argent. Crest, out of a coronet gold, five ostrich feathers azure. [This family was of Marblehead.] 6. Madame Anna Leverit, widow of John Leverit, Esq., Gov¬ ernor of the Colony of Mass., 1682. 1st Argent, a chevron between three leverets, sable. Impaling, 2d, Gold, on a cross gules, five bells argent. Crest, a scull. [Note. — The arms impaled are certainly those of Sedgewick. Savage says Leverett married Sarah Sedgewick, dau. or sister of Major Robert S.] 7. Edward Brattle, of Marblehead, co. Essex. Brattle and Legg, 1707. Gules, a chevron, gold, between three battle-axes, argent. Crest, a dexter arm, vambraced and embowed, grasping a battle- axe. The impalement is of the Legg arms, described in No. 5. [Note. — This Edward was a younger brother of Thomas (see No. 23), and married Mary, daughter of John Legg.] 8. Anna, wife of John Richards, Esq., one of his Majesty’s Councillors of the Province of Mass. Richards and AYin- throp, 1707. Argent, four lozenges conjoined in fesse, gules, between two bars (sable?). Impaling, Wiuthrop, as in No. 1. No crest. [John Richards, who used a seal in 1685, was son of Thomas Richards, of Dorchester, whose widow, Welthian, also used them on her will, in 1679.] 0. Charles Frost, of Boston, 1707. Frost and Davis. The shield is impaled, being 1st, Frost. Argent, a chevron gules, between three trefoils slipped. 2d, Davis. A stag trippaut gold. Crest, a head, within sprigs of (laurel?). [This was Charles Frost, b. 1683, son of John, and grandson of Nicholas F., of Kittery, who was born at Tiverton, co. Devon, about 1595.] 11 82 APPENDIX. 10. Nathaniel Noiiden, Esq., of Marblehead, one of His Majesty’s Council. Norden and Lat . Argent, on a fesse gules between three beavers passant, a cross- let fitchee between two fleurs-de-lys, gold. Crest, a demi-beaver, holding iu his mouth a branch of leaves. The impalement is gules, a cross patonce argent. [This is the Latimer coat ; and he married Mary, daughter of Christo¬ pher Latimer, or Lattimore, of Marblehead. Norden died in 1727.] 11. Lady Mary, formerly wife to Sir William Phips, Knt., Gov¬ ernor of the Province of Mass., .... of Peter Sargent, Esq., of lift Majesty’s Council. Sargent and Spencer, 1705. The shield is Sargent (see No. 24) impaling, Quarterly argent and gules — in the second and third quarters a fret gold — over all, on a bend sable, three escallops of the third. Crest, out of a ducal coronet a griffin’s head, gorged with a pair of bars gemelles, gules, between two wings expanded. [Note. — Peter Sargent came from London, 1667 ; and though Savage does not record his first wife, she would seem to have been Anna Shrimp- ton. His second wife, the widow of Gov. Phips, was daughter of Roger Spencer, of Saco, Maine, 1652. Another daughter m. Dr. David Bennett, and had Spencer Bennett, who took the name of his uncle Phips (see No. 15). As to the Sargent arms, it may be noted that Peter used them in 1693, as appears by his seal on a power of attorney, now at Salem.] 12. Anthony Chickley, Esq., Attorney-General of the Province of Mass., 170G. Azure, a chevron between three mullets, gold. No crest. [He died in 1708. He was bapt. 31 July, 1636, at Preston-Capes, North-Hants, England, and was the son of William and Elizabeth Checkley. The same arms are on the tomb of Richard Checkley, in the Granary Yard, Boston.] 13. John Pall, of Boston, Mass., 1G09. Azure, a lion rampant argent, between eight fleurs-de-lys in orle, gold. Crest, a stag’s head cabossed, gules. [Note. — This is evidently the arms of John Pool, or Poole. The arms are on the tomb of William Poole, of Dorchester, Mass., who d. in 1674.] APPENDIX. 83 14. Widow Mary Aptiiorp, widow of Charles Apthorp, of Boston, 1709. 1st, Per pale ncbuly argent and azure, in fesse two mullets, counterchanged. Impaling 2d, Quarterly, - and -, four eagles displayed gules. No crest. 15. Spencer Piiips, Esq., of Cambridge, co. Middlesex, one of Ilis Majesty’s Council, and Justice of the Peace for the County, 1710. Sable, a trefoil slipped ermine, between eight mullets, argent. Crest, a bear’s paw, sable, bolding a trefoil slipped ermine. [Note. — These arms were used by Sir William Piiips (see No. 11), and very probably were granted him.] 1G. John Foster, Esq., Col. of the Life to the Earl of Bellomont, Governor of the Province of Mass., Justice of the Common Pleas for the County of Suffolk, and one of Ilis Majesty’s Council, 1710. Argent, a chevron vert, between three bugle-horns stringed, sable. Crest, a dexter arm embowed, the hand grasping a spear. 17. Susannah, widow of John Foster, Esq., of Boston. Foster and Hawkins, 1710. 1st, Foster, as in No. 22. Impaling 2d, Argent on a saltire sable, five fleurs-de-lys, gold. Crest, on a mound vert, a hind lodged ppr. [This seems to be an error in the Christian name. Abigail, dan. of Thomas Hawkins, married John Poster, and died in 1711] 18. Gurdon Saltonstall, Esq., Gov. of the Colony of Connecti¬ cut, 1742. Saltonstall and Whit.(Whittingham). 1st, Gold, a bend between two eagles displayed, sable. Impaling 2d, Argent, a fesse (azure?); over all a lion ram¬ pant, gules. Crest, out of a ducal coronet, gold, a pelican’s head, vulning its breast. [Note. — Gov. Saltonstall, son of Nathaniel, and grandson of Richard Saltonstall, jr., and Meriell Gurdon, married, for his third wife, Mary, dau- of William Whittingham, and widow of Win. Clarke. Her grandfather was John W., who was son of Baruch W., and grandson of the distin¬ guished Reformer, William Whittingham, Dean of Durham. Richard Saltonstall was son of Sir Richard, ambassador from England to Holland in 1041, who was nephew of Sir Richard S., Lord Mayor of London, in 1597.] 84 APPENDIX. 19. Samuel White, of Boston, merchant, 1712. Gules, a chevron between three boar’s heads, cooped argent. Crest, out of a mural coronet gules, a boar’s head argent. 20. William Taylor, Esq., Col. of the Second Regiment of Foot, at the taking of the Government of Port Royal, afterward Lt.-Gov. of the Province, and one of the Council, 1711. Per saltire, gold and gules, an eagle displayed. Crest, a demi-eagle displayed, gules, double-headed, and in each beak a cross-crosslet. [William Taylor was the son of William Taylor, by his wife Rebecca Stoughton. He died in 1732. These arms were used by him on his seal.] 21. Elizabeth, wife of Simeon Stoddard, Esq., of Boston, mer¬ chant, 1712. Stoddard and Eu . . . (Evance?). 1st, Sable, three estoiles within a bordure, argent. Impaling 2d, Argent, a chevron between three fleurs-de-lys, sable. Crest, a sinister arm embowed, habited gules, holding in the hand the stalk of a flower. 22. Gii.lis Dyer, Esq., Col. of the Life-guard to his Excellency Jo- . seph Dudley, Esq., Governor of the Province ; Sheriff of the county of Suffolk, 1713. Argent, on a bend cotised azure, three crescents gold. Crest, a mailed arm, gauntleted, holding a dagger upright, hilted gold. [Giles Dyer died 12 August, 1713.] 23. Thomas Brattle, Esq., Treasurer of Harvard College, and Fellow of the Royal Society, at Boston, in the county of Suffolk, 1713. Gules, a chevron gold, between three battle-axes, argent. Crest, a dexter arm, embowed and vambraced, holding in the hand a battle-axe, gold. [He was the son of Thomas Brattle, of Charlestown, who died in 1G83, the wealthiest man probably in the Colony, says Savage.] 24. Peter Sargent, Esq., one of His Majesty’s Council for the Province of Mass., 1714. Argent, a chevron between three dolphins embowed, sable. Crest, a bird rising. [He was from London, 1667, and d. s. p. 1714. See No. 11.] APPENDIX. 85 25. Elizabeth, wife of Simeon Stoddard, Esq., of Boston, 1714. Stoddard and Roberts. Stoddard impaling — Per pale argent and gules, a lion rampant, sable. Crest, a stag’s head erased, per fesse (argent and gules). [These impalements are difficult of explanation. Simeon was son of Anthony Stoddard, and married 1st, Mary-, who d. 1708. He m. 2d, in May, 1709, Elizabeth, widow of Col. Samuel Shrimpton, who d. April, 1713. Third, in May, 1715, Mehitable (Minot), widow of Peter Sargent. Ilis second wife, the widow Shrimpton, was dan. of widow Elizabeth Roberts, of London.] 2G. Capt. Thomas Richards, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk, 1714. Argent, four lozenges, conjoined in fesse gules, between two bars sable. No crest. [This was probably the son of James Richards, of Hartford, and nephew of John R. (shield No. 8, ante). He died December, 1714. The tomb of James Richards, at Hartford, bears these arms.] 27. Isaac Addington, Esq., Secretary of the Province of Mass., Judge of Probate for county of Suffolk, Justice of the Peace, and one of His Majesty’s Council, 1715. Addington and Norton. 1st, Per pale ermine and erminois, on a chevron, counter- changed, four lozenges, between three fleurs-de-lys. Impaling, Gules a fret argent, over all a bend vairy gold and gules. Crest, a wildcat ? crrniue. [Isaac Addington was son of Isaac Addington by his wife, Anne Lev- erett. He married, first, Elizabeth, dan. of Griffith Bowen, of London, and second, Elizabeth, widow of John Wainwright, and dau. of William Norton. She was niece of Byv. John Norton; and this branch was from the Nortons of Sharpenhow, co. Bedford. The Nortons possess an old pedigree of their family, and have used arms from the first generation here. — See also the “ Herald and Genealogist” for July, 1865.] 28. Elizabeth, wife of Elisha Cook, of Boston, Esq. Cook and Leverett, 1715. Cook (as in No. 29) impaling Leverett (as in No. G). [She was daughter of Gov. John Leverett.] 29. Elisha Cook, of Boston, Esq., one of His Majesty’s Couucil of the Province of Mass., 1715. 86 APPENDIX. Gold, a chevron chequy azure and of the field, between three cinquefoils of the second. Crest, a unicorn’s head, gold, between two wings endorsed, azure. [Elisha Cook was son of Richard, of Boston, said to have come from Gloucestershire. He died October, 1715. His son, of the same name, mar¬ ried the dau. of Richard Middlecot.] 30. Andrew Belcher, Esq., Commissary-General of the Province of Mass., and one of His Majesty’s Council, 1717. Gold, three pales gules, a chief vair. Crest, a greyhound’s head erased, ermine, with a collar gules, and ring (gold ?). [Andrew Belcher, a settler here in 1G39, married Elizabeth, daughter of Nicholas Danforth, and had Andrew, the person here recorded, who mar¬ ried Sarah, daughter of Jonathan Gilbert, of Hartford. He died in Oc¬ tober, 1717, having acquired a large fortune. His son Jonathan was the Governor of Mass. These arms are on Andrew Belcher’s seal on his will.] 31. Joseph Lemon, of Charlestown, in the county of Middlesex, 1717. Azure, a fesse between three dolphins embowed, argent, an annulet for difference. Crest, a pelican in her nest, feeding her young. [These arms are on the family tomb, at Charlestown, Mass.] 32. George Caldwell, of London, merchant, now of Boston, co. Suffolk, 1717. Caldwell and Mane. The first coat is quarterly ; viz., 1st, Per pale crenelle gules and argent, three bear’s paws erased. 2nd, Three fleurs-de-lys. 3rd and 4th, Argent, a galley sable. Over all a pallet er¬ mine. Impaling. Per chevron flory, sable and gold, in chief three bezants, in base the stump of a tree ? sable. Crest, a hand gauntleted, holding a bear’s paw erased. [This is probably a foreign coat, the style being so different from English arms.] 33. Elisha Hutchinson, Esq., Col. of the First Regiment of Foot in the county of Suffolk, Capt. of Castle William, Chief Jus¬ tice of the Court of Common Pleas in the county of Suffolk, and one of the Council, 1717. AITENDIX. 87 Per pale gules and argent, a lion rampant argent, between eight crosses-crosslet gold. Crest, out of a ducal coronet, gold, a cockatrice vert, combed gules. [lie was the son of Edward Hutchinson, of Boston, co. Line., and of Boston, N.E. He died December, 1717. His grandson was Governor of Massachusetts.] 34. Waight Winthrop, Esq., Maj.-General of the Province of Mass., Chief Justice of the Court of Assize, and one of His Majesty’s council, 1717. Arms as No. 1. Motto, Spes vincit Thronum. [Wait-Still Winthrop was son of Gov. John W., of Conn., and grand¬ son of Gov. John, of Mass., lienee nephew of Deane Winthrop (shield No. 1). He died November, 1717.] 35. Nicholas Paige, of Rumuey Marsh, Col. of the Second Regi¬ ment of Foot, in the county of Suffolk, 1717. Argent, on a bend, three eagles displayed. Crest, a demi-eagle, displayed. [He was from Plymouth, co. Devon, 1665, and married Anne, widow of Edward Lane, niece of Gov. Joseph Dudley. He died late in 1717.] 3G. John IIuse, Esq., of Salem, in the county of Essex, merchant, 1717. Argent, an estoille of sixteen points, gules. Crest, three trees proper. 37. Capt. John Browne, of Salem, in the county of Essex, mer¬ chant, 1718. Argent, on a bend double cotised, three eagles displayed, a crescent for difference. Crest, an eagle displayed. [This John Browne was grandson of William Browne, who was son of Francis Browne, of Brandon, co. Suft'olk.] 38. Daniel Wibond, of Boston, Capt. of Marines on board His Majesty’s ship Chester, 1717. Sable, a fesse (gold?) between three swans argent, membered gules. Crest, a dragon’s head, apparently. [These arms are those of Wyborn, co. Kent.] 39. Eliakim Hutchinson, Esq., one of His Majesty’s Council for the Province of Mass., 1718. 88 APPENDIX. Arms as iu No. 33, but with a label of three points, argent, over all. [Eliakim was son of Richard Hutchinson, a wealthy ironmonger of London, and cousin of Edward, of Boston, lie died in 1718, probably.] 40. Joshua Gee, of Boston, co. Suffolk, shipwright, 1720. Gee and Thatcher. 1st, on a chevron, between three leopard’s faces, as many fleurs- de-lys. 2d, a cross moline, on a chief three grasshoppers. Crest, a wolf statant reguardant, ermine. [Joshua Gee was son of Peter Gee, of Boston, 1667. Savage seems to make some confusion in the marriages, by saying that Joshua m. Eliza¬ beth, dau. of Rev. Thomas Thornton; but it seems that he married Elizabeth, dau. of Judah Thatcher, and gr. dau. of Thornton. She after¬ wards became the third wife of Rev. Peter Thatcher, of Milton, her second cousin. The relation was this : Thomas Thatcher, of Plymouth, Mass., was son of Rev. Peter, rector of St. Edmund’s, Salisbury, co. Wilts, and nephew of Anthony; Judah was son of Anthony Thatcher, and cousin of Thomas; Rev. Peter, son of Thomas, and Elizabeth, dau. of Judah, were thus sec¬ ond cousins. These Thatcher arms are confirmed by an example among the Suffolk Wills.] 41. Wigglesworth Sweet,ser, of Boston, co. Suffolk, 1720. Argeut, oti a fesse azure, three saltires coup-d, gold. [Seth Sweetser came in 1637, aged 31, from Tring, co. Hertford. His son Benjamin m. Abigail, probably dau. of Edward Wigglesworth, and had a son, Wigglesworth Sweetser, who had a son of the same names.] 42. Samuel Brown, Esq., of Salem, Justice of the Court of Com- Pleas, Col. of the First Regiment of Foot, co. of Essex, and one of His Majesty’s Council. Arms the same as No. 37. [Samuel was brother of the John there recorded.] 43. Francis Brinley, of Newport, Colony of R.I., now of Boston, 1719. Per pale sable and gold, a chevron between three escallops, counterchauged, all within a bordure argeut, charged with eight hurts. Crest, an escallop, gules. [He was son of Thomas, of Hatchett, co. Bucks; was of Newport, an Assistant in Rhode Island, and died in 1719. The same arms are on the seal of Francis.] APPENDIX. 89 44. Joseph Dudley, of Roxbury, co. Suffolk, Esq., Gov. of the Province of Mass. Bay, New England, and New Hampshire, 1720. Gold, a lion rampant, azure, the tail forked. Crest, a lion’s head erased. [This was the son of Gov. Thomas Dudley, whose seal bore a lion ram¬ pant, and a crescent for difference. Extended search in England has not yet resulted in tracing the pedigree of these Dudleys. Yet they have claimed and used the arms from the first generation here. We may note that the Dudley lion was usually vert, instead of azure.] 45. TnoMAS Chute, of Marblehead, co. of Essex, 1710. Gules, semee of mullets gold, three swords argent, hilted gold, barways, the centre sword encountering the other two ; a canton argent and azure (vert?), thereon a lion of Eng¬ land. Crest, a dexter cubit arm in armor, the hand grasping a broken sword. [In the “ New-England Historical and Genealogical Register,” xiii. 123, it is stated that Lionel Chute, of Ipswich, was son of Anthony Chute, and the descendant of Alexander Chute, of Taunton, co. Somerset, a.d. 1268. Lionel’s son James married an Epes, of Ipswich, and had a son Thomas, born in 1692, the one here mentioned. The MS., which was then copied for the “ Register,” comes down only to this generation of Thomas Chute. It had evidently been seen by the author of this “ Gore ” list, since the arms pricked on it arc those of Stur- ton, Bartley, Lucas, Gee, Colpepper, Baker, Wood, Brittan, and Chittester, which are duly entered in this list, except that Bartley, Baker, and Chit- tester should be Barkley, Barker, and Chichester. Mansale, which is found in this Roll, also occurs in the marriages.] 4G. Samuel Phillips, of Boston, co. Suffolk, 1721. Argent, a lion rampant, sable, collared and chained. Crest, a lion, as in the shield, collared and chained, gules. [This was very probably Samuel Phillips, goldsmith, of Salem, son of Rev. Samuel P., of Rowley, who was son of Rev. George P., of Boxford, co. Suffolk, and Watertown, Mass. George was son of Christopher Phil¬ lips, of ltainham, St. Martin, co. Norfolk, and was born about 1593.] 47. William Hutchinson, Esq., of Boston, co. Suffolk, Justice of the Peace, 1721. Arms as in No. 39, but without the label, and identical with No. 33. [He was the son of Eliakim Hutchinson, and died in 1721.] 12 90 APPENDIX. 48. Edward Pell, of Boston, co. Suffolk, 1720. Pell and Clarke. Quarterly, 1st and 4th, Ermine, on a canton (azure?) a pelican vuluing herself, gold. 2nd and 3rd, Gules, three swords argent, hilted gold, erect in fesse. Crest, on a chaplet vert, a pelican, vulning herself. [These Pell arms, and those of Pinckney, (gold, three or four fusils in bend gules,) were found on a paper, signed “John Pell and Rachael Pinck¬ ney Pell, 19 March, 1697,” under the corner-stone of the church at Pel¬ ham, N.Y. The church was founded by John Pell.] 49. Thomas Savage, Esq., of Boston, Col. of the First Regiment of Foot, co. Suffolk, 1720. Argent, six lioncels, sable. Crest, out of a coronet, gold, a bear’s paw erased, sable. [These arms are on the tombstone of Major Thomas Savage, in the King’s Chapel yard, Boston, and also on his seal. He was the son of William Savage, of Taunton, co. Somerset.] 50. Elizabeth, wife of John Yeomans, Esq., of the Island of An¬ tigua. Yeomans and Shriinptou. 1721. 1, Sable, a chevron between three spears upright. 2, Argent, on a cross, gold, five escallops of the field. Crest, a dexter arm, in armor, embowed, the hand grasping a spear. [John Yeomans was grandson of John Y., Lt.-Gov. of Antigua. Eliza¬ beth was daughter of Samuel Shrimpton, jr., and great-granddaughter of Henry Shrimpton.] 51. Zechariah Tuttle, of Boston, co. Suffolk, Lieut, of Castle William, 1721. Azure, on a bend argent, double cotised gold, a lion passant, sable. Crest, a bird (Cornish chough ?) holding in its beak a branch of olive. [These arms are those of Tothill, and are on the tomb of his brother, John T., in the Granary burying ground in Boston. Zechariah Tothill died in 1721.] 52. Mrs. Anna Wade, of Medford, co. Middlesex, 1721. Azure, a saltier between four escallops, gold. Crest, a hippopotamus. [The Wades, of Medford, were sons of Jonathan, of Ipswich, Mass., who owned lands in Denver, co. Norfolk. This Anna may be the dau. of Nathaniel Wade and Mercy Bradstreet, born in 1685.] APPENDIX. 91 53. Jonathan Mountfort, of Boston, co. Suffolk, 1722. Bendy of eight, gold and azure. Crest, a lion’s head, couped. [In the Copp’s Hill yard, in Boston, is found the same coat on the Mountfort tomb, bearing date of 1721. Edmund, Henry, and Benjamin, brothers, are said to have come here in 1056 and 1075.] 54. Daniel Stoddard, a naval officer of the Port of Boston, 1723. Sable, three estoilles within a bordure argent, a crescent for difference. Crest, a demi-horse -, erased, environed round the body with a coronet, gold. 55. Widow of Joseph Dudley, Esq., of Roxbury, co. Suffolk, 1722. 1st, Gold, a liou rampant (azure?). Impaling, -on a bend double cotised, three martlets. Crest, a wolf’s head, erased. [This is evidently Rebecca, daughter of Edward Tyng, and wife of Gov. Joseph Dudley. She survived her husband, and died September, 1722. These arms of Tyng are on old plate, still preserved in the family. See also No. 00.] 5G. Mary, widow of Francis Brinley, of Newport, in (he Colony of Rhode Island. Brinley and Borden, 1722. 1st, Per pale argent and gold, a chevron between three escal¬ lops, counterchanged, within a bordure argent, charged with eight hurts. (See No. 43.) Impaling, argent, three cinque¬ foils, azure. Crest, an escallop gules. 57. John Jekyll, of Boston, Esq., Collector of the Customs for the Counties of Suffolk, Middlesex, Plymouth, Barnstable, and Bristol, 1723. Gold, a fosse between three hinds trippant, sable. Crest, a horse’s head couped argent, maned and bridled, sable. 58. Benjamin Pickman, Esq., of Salem, co. Essex, 1723. Gules, two battle-axes in saltire gold, between four martlets, argent. No crest. [Benjamin Pickman, of Salem, says Savage, was third son of Nathaniel, of Bristol, Eng., where he was baptized at Lewen's Mead (Bristol), in 1045; had a son Benjamin, who died in 1718, leaving a son Benjamin, born 1708. These arms are also in the Salem churchyard. 92 APPENDIX. 59. William Dummer, Esq., of Boston, co. Suffolk, Lt.-Gov. of the Province of Mass., one of the Council, and Capt. of Cas¬ tle William, 1723. Azure, three fieurs-de-lys gold, on a chief of the second, a demi-lion of the field. Crest, a demi-lion azure, holding in the dexter paw a fleur-dc- lys, gold. [These arms are used by Gov. Dummer on his official privy seal. lie was grandson of Richard Dummer, of Bishopstoke, Hants.] GO. Jonathan Tyng, Esq., of Woburn, co. Middlesex, Col. of the Second Regiment of Foot, Justice of the Court, 1724. Argent, on a bend cotised sable, three martlets, gold. No crest. [He was son of Edward Tyng, and died in January, 1724. The family was one of the most prominent in Massachusetts, and was connected by marriage with many of the families already noted as using arms. See No. 55.] 61. James Tilestone, of Boston, co. Suffolk, 1724. Azure, a bend cotised between two garbs, gold. Crest, out of a mural coronet gules, a greyhound’s head. [These are the arms of Tillotson, of which name this is probably a cor¬ ruption.] G2. John Frizell, of Boston, merchant. Frizell and Fowle. First, Quarterly, 1st and 4th, Argent, three antique crowns, gules. 2nd and 3rd, Azure, three cinquefoils, argent. Impaling, Argent, three trees proper. Crest, a stag’s head, between two halberts. [These arms of Frizell or Frazer are also on a silver flagon, given by John F. to the Second Church in Boston. He d. in 1723.] 63. Richard Waldron, Esq., of Portsmouth, in Piscatequa, alias New Hampshire,. 1724. Argent, three bull’s heads cabossed, horned gold. 64. Boarland. ■Argent, two bars, gules, over all a boar rampant (azure ?). Crest, a broken lance. Motto, Press Through. [John Borland, of Boston, used these arms on his seal. He died in 1727. His brother Francis was of Glasford, North Britain.] APPENDIX. 93 65. Cushing. Quarterly, 1st and 4th, An eagle displayed. 2nd and 3rd, Two dexter hands open, couped, a canton chequy. Crest, two bear’s paws, holding a ducal coronet, from which is suspended a heart. [No colors or individual owner are marked on this sketch. The family, however, is a distinguished one here, and the pedigree will be found in the “ New-England Historical and Genealogical Register ” for 1805.] 66. Joshua Winslow, Esq. Argent, on a bend gules eight lozenges conjoined, gold. Crest, the stump of a tree. [More correctly, the bend should be gules, lozengy gold ; but it is given as it is painted. The Winslows, a family which gave two governors to the Plymouth Colony, have used these arms on many occasions. Their tomb, in the King’s Chapel yard, in Boston, bears this coat.] 67. Sayward, of York. Gules, on a fesse argent, between two chevrons ermine, three leopard’s faces of the field. Crest, a tiger’s head, couped. [Henry Sayward was of York, Me., 1G64.] 68. Argent, a chevron gules between three pine-apples, vert, on a canton a fleur-de-lys, in the centre point a baronet’s badge. Crest, out of a ducal coronet a mailed arm embowed, the hand grasping a staff; thereon a flag. Mottos, “ Peperi ” and “ Virtute.” [These arms, though not clearly emblazoned, are certainly those of Sir William Pepperell, Bart. It is very probable that he inherited the arms, and that the canton is an augmentation. The baronetcy is now extinct.] 69. Bell, of Boston. Azure, a fesse ermine, between three bells, gold. [It should he mentioned, that the last five coats are not finished in the drawing, and the names of the owners are not all specified.] 70. Christopher Kilby, Esq. Argent, three bars azure, in chief as many annulets of the last. Crest, an ear of maize, stripped open (ppr. ?). Mottos, “ Persisto,” and “ Gratia Gratiam Parit.” 71. Gilbert McAdams. McAdams, Kilby, and Clark. Gules, three crosses-crosslet fitchce, argent. 94 APPENDIX. On au escutcheon of pretence Kilby (as in No. 70), quartering Clarke; viz., a bend raguly and trunked, between three roundles. [Christopher Kilby, son of John, married Sarah, daughter of Hon. John Clarke, and had an only daughter, Sarah, who married Gilbert McAdams. Christopher Kilby acquired a large estate, and lived at Betchworth, co. Surrey, where he died in 1771.J B. For the purpose of comparison, the following list of heraldic terms in French and Latin is reprinted from Planclie’s edition of Clark’s "Introduction to Heraldry,” London, 1866 . AN ALPHABETICAL LIST OF HERALDIC TERMS, IN ENGLISH, FRENCH, AND LATIN. English. French. Latin. Abatement Abatement Diminutiones armorum Addorsed Addosse Adumbration Adumbratio Alerions Aiglettes, Aiglons Aquilae Mutilae Anchored Ancre Anchoratus Annulet Annelet Annulus, vel Annellus Argent Argent Argenteus Armed Anne Armatus Armoury, Armory Armoiries Insignia Attired Acorne Avelane Crux Avellana Azure Azur Asureus Bar Barre Yectis Bar-Gemel Jumelles Jugariaa fasciolae Barrulet Barelle Barrula Barruly Barelle Transverse fasciolatus Barry Fasce Fasciatum Barry Pily Parti Emanche Runcinatus Barry-per-pale Contreface Contrafiisciatus Barbed and Crested Barbe et Creste' Barbula et Crista APPENDIX. 95 English. French. Latin. Barnacles Pastomides Barnicle Bernicla Baton Baston Bacillus Beaked Becque Rostratus Bend Bande Taenia Per Bend Sinister Contrebarre Contravittatus Bendy Bande Bendulatus Bendy of Six Contrebande Bend Sinister Barre Yitta In bend En Bande Oblique dextrorsus positi Party-per-bend Tranche Oblique dextrorsus bipari turn Bendlet Bandelette Bandula Bezant Besant Bizantius nummus Bezanty Bezante Billets Billettes Laterculi Billetty Billette Laterculatus Border Bordure Fimbria Bordered Borde Fimbriatus Caboshed Cabosse Ora obvertantia Cal traps Chausse'-trappes Muriees or Tribuli Canton Canton Quadrans Angularis Cantoned Cantonnee Stipatus Charge Charge Figura Charged Charge Ferens Cheeky Echiquete Tesselatum Chess-Rook Lusorius Latrunculus Chevron Chevron Cantherius Per Chevron Mantele Manteliatum Chevrony Chevrone Cantheriatus Chief Chef Summum In Chief In Chef In Summo Cinquefoil Quinquefeuille Quinquefolia Cleehe Cleehe Floralus Close Clos Clausum Collared Acolle Combatant Affronte Pugnantes Compony Compone Compositus Counter-Compony Contre Compone Counterehanged Parti de 1’un en l’autre Transmutatus Counter-im battled Bretessd Utrinque-pinnatus Counter-quartered Cont’-Escartele Contraquadrate partitus Counter-potent Contrepotence Partibulatum Counter-Vair Contrevaire Coward Couee Cotiee Cotiee Tieniola Cotised Cotove Utroque latere accinctus Couchant Couchant Jacens 96 APPENDIX. English. French. Latin. Couped Coupe A latere disjunctum Combed Crest6 Couple-close Cantlieria Courant Courant Currens Crowned Couronne'e Coronatus Crescent Croisant Luna Cornuta Crest Crete Crista Crested Creste Cross Croix Crux In Cross En Croix In modum crucis collocata Crosslet Croisette Crucicula Dancette Danche Denticulatus Defamed Diffaine Demy Demi Dimidiatus Diapered Diapre Duriatus Differences Brisures Diminutiones armorum Displayed Eploye Expansus Dismembered Dismembre Dismembred Morne Mutilatus Dormant Dormant Dormiens Doublings Double Dove-Tail Assemble Embattled Crenele Pinnatus Engrailed Engraile Striatus Engrafted Ente' Insitus Environed Environe Septus Erased Arrache Lacer Eradicated Eradicatus Ermine Ilermines Ermines Contre Hermines Escalop Coquille Conchilium Escarbuncle Escarboucle Carbunculus Escutcheon Ecusson Scutum Etoile Etoile Stellula Eess Face Fascia Per Fess Coupe Transverse sectum Fitchy Fiche Figibilis Fillet Filet Fimbriated Franche Fimbriatus Flanch Flanque Orbiculi segmentum Flory Florence Liliatus Fret Frette Frectum simplex Fretty Frette Frectata Furs Pannes Pellis Fusil Fuse'e Fusus Fusilly Fusele Fusillatum Garb Gerbe Fascis frumentarius Galtrap Chaussee-trappe Murices APPENDIX. 97 English. French. Latin. Gardant Gardante Obverso ore Gliding Ondoyante Undans Gorged Clarine Cymbalatus Gules Gueules Ruber Gutty Gutte Guttis respersum Gyron Gyron Cuneus Gyronny Gironne Cuneatus Hauriant Hauriant Hauriens Helmet Casque Galea Horned Accorne Hooded Chapperone Calyptratus Imbattled Crenelle Pinnatus Indented Danche Indentatus Incensed Anime Incensus Indorsed Adosse Ad invicem tergum vcr- tentes Inescutcheon Ecusson Scutulum Ingrailed Engraille Striatus Invecked Canelle Invectus Issuant Issant Nascens Label Lambel Lambella Lambrequin Lambrequin Pennae Langued Lampasse Lingua Lozenge Lozange Rhombus Lozengy Lozange Ithombulis interstinctus Mantle Manteau Pallium Martlet Merula Manche Manche Manica Mascle Made Macula Masoned Massone Glutinatus Membred Membre Tibiatus Millrind Fer de moulin Ferrum molendinarium Montant Montant Resupinus Mound Monde Mundus Musseled Emmusele Mullet Molette Rotula Calcaris Nebuly Nebule' Nubilatum Or Or Aurum Orle Environne Limbus In Orle Environne Ad oram positus Over all Sur le tout Toti superinductum Pale Pal Palus In-pale En Pal In Palum collocatus Pall Pairle Paly PaUe Palis exoratus Palet Verge tte' Palus minutus Paly-per-fess Contrepalc Contra palitus Party-per-pate Parti Partitus 13 98 - English. Papillone Passant Patty Paw Perished Pheon Pile Pometty Potent Proper Purpure Quarter Quarterly Quartering Quarterly Quartered Quatr.efoil Rampant Ranged Rebuses Reversed Regardant Respectant Rising Rompu Roundle Sable Saltier Party-per- Saltire Saltire wise Saliant Scaled Segreant Sejant Seme Shortened Streaming Stringed Statant Surmounted Tail Taloned Tierce Treille Trefoil Tripping Trunked Tusked Yair APPENDIX. French. Fapellonne Passant Pate Patte Peri Per de dard Pointe Pomette Potence Propre Pourpre Quartier Escartele Escarteler Centre escartelent Quatrefeuille Rampant Range Armes parlantes Renverse Regardant Affronte Essortant Rompu Torteau Sable Sautoir Escartele en sautoir Pose en sautoir Saillant Escaille Se grant Assis Seme Raccourci Chevelee Enguiche En pied Surmonte .Queue Ongle Tierce Treille Trefflo Tronque Defendu Vaire Latin. Papillionatus Gradiens Patens Ferrum jacul Pila Pontis Sphaerulatus Patihulatum Color naturalis Purpureus color Quadrans Quadripartite Cumulationes armorum Quatuorfolia Erectus Ordinatus Retrospiciens Pugnantes Surge ns F ractus Tortella Ater, or Niger Decussis In decussim dispositum Saliens Erectus Sedens Sparsus Accisus Appensus Cauda Ungulatus Tertiatum Trifolium More suo incedens Truncatus Variegatum APPENDIX. 91 ) English. French. Latin. Vert Vert Viridis color Voided Vuide Evacuatus Volant Volant Volans Vorant Engoulant Vorans Umbrated Ombre Inumbratus Water Bouget Bouse Uter Aquarius militaris Wavy Onde Undulatus Whirlpool Tournant d’Eau Gurges Two Wings expanded Vole Ala A Wing Un Demi Vol Ala simplex Winged Aisle Alatus Wreath Torce Tortile Wyvern Dragon Viverra 1 N I) E X Page Abased . 28 Abatements . 28 Accosted . 28 Addorsed . 28 Adumbrated . 28 Affronte . 28 Ailettes . 38 Allerion . 28, 40 Ancient . 28 Annulet .25 Antelope . 28 Apaume . 28 Arched . 29 Argent.12 Arm . 29 Armed . 29 Arms, engraved. Androsse, 69 ; Appleton, GO; Belch¬ er, 70 ; Bellingham, 64 ; Boteler, GO ; Bradstreet, G4 ; Browne, 59, G6, 71; Bulkeley, 57, G8; Chand¬ ler, 73; Chetwode, 57; Churchill, 69 ; Coggeshall, 65; Condy, 60; Coote (Earl of Bellomont), 11; Crane, GO; Curwen, 65, 71; Da¬ vie, 70; Digby, 71; Downing, 70 ; Dudley, 64, 69 ; Dummer, 69; Ellery, 73; Fitch, 74 ; Fowle, 68 ; Franklin, 72 ; Hawte, 60 ; Haynes, 64 ; Isaaeke, GO; Leete, G5 ; Lev- erett, 05, 67; Lloyd, 65; Lynde, 71; Martyn, 68; Mollington, 60; Moseley, 58 ; Mountney, GO ; Newdigate, 71; Oliver, 74; Pep- perrell, 70; Poole, 66; Pownall, Page 59 ; Prince, 56 ; Richards, 67 ; Savage, 67 ; Sewall, 73 ; Sexton, GO; Smith, 71 ; Snelling, GG; Steele, 56; Stoughton, 67; Tem¬ ple, 65; Thatcher, 56 ; Tuke, GO ; Wainwright, 62, 68; Wheathill, 60 ; Wheelwright, 56 ; Whitmore, 74, 76; Winthrop, 64. Arms, blazoned or described. Addington, 85 ; Apthorp, 83 ; Belch¬ er, 86 ; Bell, 93 ; Borden, 91 ; Borland, 92 ; Brattle, 81, 84 ; Brinley, 88, 91; Brown, 87, 88 ; Caldwell, 8G ; Checkley, 82 ; Chute, 89; Clarke, 90, 93; Cooke, 85; Cushing, 93 ; Davis, 81 ; Dudley, 89, 91 ; Dummer, 92; Dyer, 84; Evance, 84; Foster, 83; Frizell, 92; Frost, 81; Gee, 88 ; Hawkins, 83 ; Iluse, 87 ; Hutchinson, 86, 87, 89; Jay, 81; Jekyll, 91 ; Kilby, 93; Lattimer, 82 ; Legg, 81; Lemon, 86 ; Lev- erett, 81, 85; Mane, 86; McAd¬ ams, 93 ; Middlecott, 80; Mount- fort, 91; Norden, 82 ; Paige, 87; Pell, 90 ; Peppered, 93 ; Phillips, 89; Phips, 82, 83; Pickman, 91; Poole, 82; Richards, 81, 85; Rob¬ erts, 85; Saltonstall, 83; Sargent, 80,82,84; Savage, 90; Say ward, 93; Sedgewick, 81; Shrimpton, 80, 81; Spencer, 82; Stoddard, 84, 85, 91; Sweetser, 88 ; Taylor, 84; Thatcher, 88 ; Tillotson, 92 ; 102 INDEX. Pago Totliill, 90 ; Tyng, 92 ; Wade, 90 ; Waldron, 92; White, 84; Whit- tingliani, 83 ; Winslow, 93; Win- tlirop, 80, 81, 87; Wyborn, 87; Yeomans, 90. Arriere.29 Arrondie.29 Arrow.29 Assis.51 At Gaze.29 Attire.29 Augmentation.29 Azure.12 Badge.29 Barnacle.30 Barre.19 Bars-gemelles.21 Bar-sinister.19 Barrulet.21 Barry.16 Barry-bendy.17 Baron.30 Baronet’s-badge.30, 70 Barwise.30 Base-point.15 Basilisk.46 Basnet.30 Baton.19, 30 Baudrick.30 Beauseant.30 Bend.19 Bendlet.20 Bendy.16 Bend-debruised.30 Bend-sinister.19 Bezant.22 Bezante'.30 Billet.24 Billetty Bird-bolt . Blazon . . Blemishes . Bolting. . Bordure Boteroll Braced . . Breathing . Bugle-horn 18 30 54 30 30 23 33 31 31 31 Pago Cabossed. .... 31 Cadency . . < . . 61 Caltrap. .... 31 Canton. .... 23 Cap-of-dignity . . . .... 10 Carbuncle. .... 38 Careering. .... 31 Cartouche. .... 31 Casque. .... 31 Castle. .... 31 Champagne .... .... 19 Chape'.. ... 21, 33 Chaplet. .... 31 Charges. .... 19 Chausse. .... 21 Chequy . .... 17 Chess-rook .... .... 31 Chevron. .... 19 Chevronel. .... 21 Chevronny .... .... 17 Chief. .... 19 Chief-point .... .... 15 Chimera. .... 46 Cinquefoil. .... 25 Clarion. .... 50 Close. .... 52 Cloue. .... 31 Cockatrice .... .... 46 Cognizance .... .... 29 Collar-point .... .... 15 College-of-Arms . . .... 31 Combatant .... .... 32 Comet. .... 32 Compartment . . . .... 32 Compone. .... 32 Confronte. .... 32 Conjoined. .... 32 Contourne .... .... 32 Coote. .... 32 Corbie. .... 32 Corded. .... 32 Cordiliere. .... 32 Cordon. .... 32 Cornish chough. . . .... 32 Coronet. . . . 10, 32 Cotise. .... 20 Cotised. .... 20 Couchant . . . . 33,44 INDEX. 103 Couched .... Page .33 Counter-changed . .33 Counter-couchant . .33 Counter-potent . . .14 Counter-vair . . . . 14 Couped . .33 Couple-closes . . . .21 Courant .... .33 Cousu . .33 Coward .... . . . . 33,44 Cramp. .33 Crampet .... .33 Crenelle .... .33 Crescent .... . . . . 25, 33 Crest. .10 Crevice .... .34 Cri-de-guerre. . . .11 C'rined. .34 Cross. . 19, 34, 35, 36 Crown. .36 Cup. .36 Cushions .... .36 Dancette .... .18 Debruised .... .37 Dechausse . . . .44 Decrescent . . . . . . . 33, 37 Degraded .... .37 Demi. .37 Dexter side, &c. .14 Diaper. .37 Differencing . . . .62 Dimidiation . . . .37 Disclosed .... . 37 Dismembered . . .44 Displayed .... .37 Division lines .18 Dolphin .... .37 Dovetailed . . . .18 Dragon . .46 Eel-spear .... .38 Embattled.... .18 Embowed .... .38 Embrasse .... .21 Embrued .... .38 Emerasses . . . .38 Endorse .... .20 Endorsed .... . . . . 20, 28 Enfiled . . 38 Page Engrailed.18 Enhanced.38 Ensigned.38 Eradicated.38 Erased.38 Ermine.13 Erminites.13 Erminois.13 Escallop.26 Escarbuncle.38 Estoille.25 Femme.30, 39 Fer-de-moulin.39 Fesse.19 Fesse-point.15 Fesse-wise.39 Fetterlock.39 Fillet.20 Fimbriated.39 Fish.39 Flanches.21, 23 Flasques.23 Fleur-de-lys.25 Flexed.39 Fountain.22 F racted.39 Fraze . 39 Fret.24 Frueted.39 Fumant.39 Fusil.24 Fusilly . 39 Fylfot.39 Gammadion.39 Gambe.42 Garbe.40 Gardant.40, 43 Garnished . 40 Gauntlet.40 Ged . 40 Genet.40 Geratty.17,40 Gobone.32 Gore.40 Gorged . 40 Gray . 40 Grice . 40 Griffin . 46 104 INDEX. Page Gules.12 Gurges.40 Gusset.40 Guttee.18 Gyronny.17 Habited.41 Hammers.41 Hanchet.31 Harpy.46 Haurient.41 Hawk’s bell.41 Head.41 Heart.41 Heightened ........ 41 Helmet. ..11 Heralds.32 Heraldry, Works on .... v. vi. Herald-painters. Thomas Johnson, 71; James Tur¬ ner, 72 ; Nathaniel Hurd, 73 ; John Coles, 75. Ilerrison.41 Ilirondelle.41 Honor-point.15 Ilumette'.33, 41 Hurts.22 Hydra.41 Ibex . ..41 Impaling.57 Incensed.41 Increscent.33, 41 Indented.18 Inescutcheon.23 Invected.18 Issuant.41 Jambe.42 Jelloped.42 Jessant.42 Jessant-de-lys.42 Jesses.'42 King-at-Arms. . 32 Knots.42 Label.24 Lamb.42 Lambrequin.11 Langued.42 Lattised.42 Leopard.43 Tage Letters.43 Lever.43 Lily.43 Lion.43, 44 Lioncel.44 Lion-dragon.46 Lion-poison.46 Lizard.44 Lodged.44 Lozenge.9, 24 Lozengy.17 Lodged ......... 45 Louterel.45 Lucy.45 Lure.45 Lutra.45 Lymphad.45 Majesty, In his.45 Mantele.21 Mantling.11 Marcassin.45 Marshalling.57 Martel. 45 Martlet.26, 46 Mascle.24 Masoned.45 Match.45 MaunCh.45 Membred.46 Merchants’ Marks.46 Mermaid.46 Mill-rind.39 Monsters.46 Montegre.46 Morion.46 Morse.46 Motto.11 Mound-royal.46 Mounting.46 Mullet.25 Musion.46 Naiant.47 Naissant.47 Nebuly.18 Nombril-point.15 Nowed.47 Nowy.47 Opinicus.46 INDEX. 105 Page Page Or. . ... 12 Pyot . . . 49 Ordinaries .... . . 19, 20, 21 Quadrate. . . 49 Orle. . ... 24 Quadrature, In . . . . 49 Over all. . ... 48 Quarter. . . 23 Overt. . ... 48 Quartering . . . . . . 68 Owls. . ... 48 Quarterly. . . 16 Paissant. . ... 48 Quarterly quartered . . . 60 Pale. . ... 19 Quartrefoil . . . . . . 25 Pall. . ... 48 Queued. . . 50 Pallet. . ... 20 Queue fourche'e . . . . . 44 Paly. . ... 16 Quilled. . . 50 Paly-bemly .... . ... 17 Quise-;Vla. . . 50 Panache. . ... 10 Radiant. . . 50 Paseuant. . ... 48 Raguly. . . 18 Passant. . ... 43 Rampant .... . . 43 Patte'e. . ... 48 Raven. . . 50 Paw. . ... 48 Rayonne . . . 50 Pean. . ... 13 Rebated .... . . 50 Pea-rise. . ... 48 Reindeer. . . 50 Peel. . ... 48 Regardant.... . 43, 50 Pegasus . Removed. . . 50 Pelican. . ... 48 Reverse'. . . 50 Pellets. . ... 22 Rere-mouse . . . . . . 50 Per fesse, per bend, per pale, &e. 15,16 Rest. . . 50 Plieon. . ... 48 Reversed. . . 50 Phoenix . . ... 46 Rising. . . 50 Pierced . . ... 48 Rompu. . . 60 Piety, In her .... . ... 48 Rook. . . 50 Pile. . . . . 21 Rose. . . 50 Pine-apple .... . ... 49 Roundle. . . 21 Planta-genista . . . . ... 49 Rustre. . . 24 Plates . . . . . 22 Sable. . . 12 Pointe. . ... 21 Sagittary. . . 46 Points of the Shield . . ... 15 Saker. . . 51 Pom me tty .... . ... 49 Salient. . 44, 51 Pommes. . ... 22 Saltire. . . 19 Popinjay. . ... 49 Sanglant .... . . 51 Portcullis. . ... 49 Sauglier .... . . 51 Posed. .... 49 Sans. . . 51 Potent. ... 14, 49 Sanguine .... . . 12 Pouncing. . ... 49 Satyr. . . 46 I’pr. .... 49 Scrip, Pilgrim’s . . . . 51 Preying upon . . . . ... 49 Sea-mew .... . . 51 Pride, In his .... . ... 49 Sea-pye .... . . 51 Primrose. . ... 49 Seax. . . 51 Purfled. . ... 49 Seeded . . . 51 Purpure. . ... 12 Segreant .... . . 51 Pursuivant .... . ... 32 Sejant. . 44, 51 It 10(3 INDEX. Semee. Page ... 18 Semce-dc-lys. ... 18 Shack-bolt. ... 51 Sheldrake. ... 61 Shield. ... 9 Shield, Divisions of . . ... 15 Shield, Points of . . . ... 14 Shield of pretence . . . ... 23 Shoveller. ... 51 Sinister side, &c. . . . ... 14 Skene . ... 51 Slipped. ... 51 Soliel. ... 51 Sphinx. ... 46 Springing. ... 51 Statant. . . 44, 52 Sub-ordinaries .... ... 23 Sufflue. ... 50 Sun. ... 52 Supporters. . . 10, 11 Surmounted. ... 52 Surtout. ... 48 Sykes . ... 52 Talbot. ... 52 Targe. ... 52 Tenne . ... 12 Tergiant. ... 52 Throughout. ... 52 Tiercee . ... 52 Tinctures . ... 12 Toison. ... 52 Torqued. . . 52 Torteaux. 29 Page Treflee.52 Trefoil.. 25 Treille.42 Tressure.24 Trippant.52 Trivet.52 Trunked.52 Trussed.52 Tyger.52 Tymbre.52 Tyrwhitt ..52 Unguled.53 Unicorn.46 Urinant.53 Yair.13 Vambraced.53 Vert.12 Voided.53 Voiders. .23 Volant.53 Vorant.53 Vulned. 53 Water-bouget.53 Wattled.53 Wavy.18 Wheel, Katherine.53 Winged Bull.46 Winged Lion.46 Wolf.53 Wreath.10 Wreathed.53 Wyvern.46 THE END. Cambridge: Press of John Wilson & Son. Duke University Perkins Library 660-5870 Guaranteed use for 2 weeks only e-mail renewals must be before due date renewals@mail.lib.duke.edu Due date: JUL 2 8 1998